OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Bistum

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Bistum. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Bistum, neuter, ‘bishopric.’ Even in Middle High German bischtuom and bistuom, Old High German biscetuom, from biscoftuom. By a similar change Bismarck was formed from bischoves marc; on the borders of such a mark the property of the tribe was situated.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Blahe

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Blahe. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Blahe, feminine, ‘coarse linen,’ from Middle High German balhe, blâ, feminine; a dialect. widely diffused word, with the parallel forms blähe, plane, blache, plauwe; the primitive form is Gothic *blahwa?.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Blaker

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Blaker. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Blaker, masculine, ‘chandelier’ (in Voss), from the equivalent Low German and Dutch blaker; compare Anglo-Saxon blœcern; from the Middle Low German and Dutch blaken, ‘to burn, glow.’ For further Teutonic and Aryan cognates see under Blitz.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Salbader

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Salbader | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Salbader, m., ‘idle talker, quack, ModHG. only (the earliest reference is in the Epistolæ Obscurorum Virorum); its origin is wrongly attributed to the owner of a bathing establishment (ein Bader) at Jena, who bored his guests with his stale stories. Others prefer to connect it with salvator, ‘saviour,’ so that salbadern would ​mean ‘to have the name salvator on one's lips, and nothing more,’ an equally improbable explanation.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Salm

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Salm | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Salm, Salmen, m., ‘salmon,’ from MidHG. salme, OHG. salmo, m., from the equiv. Lat. salmo.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Salat

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Salat | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Salat, m., ‘salad,’ late MidHG. salât, m., from the equiv. Ital. salata, insalata.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Salbe

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Salbe | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Salbe, f., ‘salve,’ from the equiv. MidHG. salbe, OHG. salba, f.; a common Teut. term; comp. OSax. salƀa, Du. zalf, AS. sealf, E. salve (Goth. *salba, f., may be inferred from salbôn, ‘to anoint’). The Teut. salbô-, from pre-Teut. solpã-, is entirely unrelated to Gr. ἀλείφω; Gr. ἕλπος, ‘oil,’ ἔλφος, ‘butter,’ ὄλπη, ‘oil-flask,’ Sans. sarpís, n., ‘grease,’ are more probably allied to Salbe.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Salbuch

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Salbuch | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Salbuch, n., ‘register of the survey of lands,’ from MidHG. sal-buoch, n., ‘register of lands belonging to the community, a record of receipts and donations,’ from MidHG. sal, f., ‘legal assignment of an estate,’ which, with MidHG. sal, m., ‘legacy,’ is connected with OHG. sęllen, AS. sęllan, ‘to surrender.’ The corresponding E. verb to sell has acquired a different shade of meaning.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Same

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Same | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Same, m., ‘seed, semen, spawn,’ from MidHG. sâme, OHG. and OSax. sâmo, m., ‘grain of seed, seed, descendants, field, soil’; a derivative of the root sê, ‘to sow,’ contained in Saat and säen. Corresponding to Lat. sêmen, OSlov. sěmę, ‘seed,’ Lith. sėmů, ‘seed’; an Aryan neut. sê-mn-, with a suffix men, is implied; the same suffix appears in Keim and Blume. A different derivation is indicated by OIr. síl and Lith. sėklà, ‘seed’ (prim. form sêtla}.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Salweide

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Salweide | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Salweide, f., ‘sallow, round-leaved willow’; allied to MidHG. salhe, f., OHG. salaha (Goth. *salhô), f., ‘willow’; the second part of the ModHG. compound serves as. an explanation of the old term, which is undoubtedly of genuine Teut. origin; comp. OIc. selja, f. (Goth. *salhjô), and AS. sealh, E. sallow. Primit. allied to Gr. ἑλίκῇ (Arcad.), Lat. sălix (acc. salicem), ‘willow’; Fr. saule is based not on the Lat., but on the HG. word.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Salamander

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Salamander | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Salamander, m., ‘salamander,’ from the equiv. MidHG. salamander, m. and f.; the origin of the meaning ‘toast’ (drunk in special honour of a guest at students' clubs), which first became current between 1830 and 1840, is very much disputed.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Salbei

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Salbei | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Salbei, m., ‘sage,’ from MidHG. salbeie, salveie, OHG. salbeia, salveia, f., from MidLat. salvegia, a variant of Lat. and Rom. salvia (Fr. sauge, whence E. sage).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Salz

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Salz | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Salz, n., ‘salt,’ from the equiv. MidHG. and OHG. salz, n.; corresponding to the equiv. Goth. salt, AS. sealt, n., E. salt, Du. zout, OSax. salt (also an adj. OIc. saltr, AS. sealt, ‘salty, saline’). The specifically Teut. form sal-ta- (whence Lapp. saltte) is of course related to Lat. sal, Gr. ἅλς; comp. further OSlov. solĭ, Lett. sâls, OIr. salann, ‘salt.’ The lengthened pre-Teut. root sald appears also in Lat. sallere, ‘to salt,’ with the assimilation of ld to ll; in Lith. the corresponding adj. saldùs has the remarkable signification ‘sweet’ (Lith. druskà, ‘salt,’ is connected with Lett. druska, ‘crumb.’ Among the Eastern Aryans a cognate term is wanting, the word salt, curiously enough, not being intentioned in the Rig-Veda. Perhaps the Western Aryans, in their migration, got their knowledge of the mineral from a civilised tribe that has also exercised an influence on European languages in other instances (comp. Silber). That a graded form could be constructed from even a foreign term admits of no doubt (see Sülze). Perhaps the divergence between Teut. salta- and Gr. Lat. sal- is due to differences anterior to the period in which the word was borrowed.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Kürschner

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Kürschner. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Kürschner, masculine, ‘furrier,’ from the equivalent Middle High German kursenœ̂re, masculine (sch from s, as in Arsch, birschen, and Hirsch), a derivative of Middle High German kürsen, feminine, ‘fur coat,’ Old High German chursinna, chrusina, Anglo-Saxon crûsne, ‘fur coat’; Middle Latin crusna, crusina, crusinna. Cognate terms also occur in Slavonic (Old Slovenian krŭzno, Russian korzno), in which, however, the word did not originate any more than it did in German, yet it may have been introduced into German through a Slavonic medium, perhaps from some Northern language. The primary kinship of Old High German chursina with Greek βύρσα, ‘hide, skin,’ is scarcely conceivable.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Kümmel

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Kümmel. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Kümmel, masculine, ‘cummin, caraway seeds,’ from the equivalent Middle High German kümel, Old High German chumil, masculine, with the variants Middle High German kümin, Old High German chumī̆n; compare Anglo-Saxon cymen, Dutch komijn, Middle Low German kömen; from Latin and Romance cŭmînum. The change of n into l is the same as in Igel (in Upper German still kümi, kümich). With regard to the period of the adoption of Latin words relating to horticulture and the art of cookery, compare Käse, Küche, Minze, Pfeffer, &c.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Künchel

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Künchel. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Künchel, see Kaninchen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Küssen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Küssen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Küssen, see Kissen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Küste

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Küste. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Küste, feminine, Modern High German only, from the equivalent Dutch kuste, kust, ‘coast,’ which, like English coast, Middle English coste, is of Romance origin, Old French coste, côte, Middle Latin costa, ‘coast.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Küken

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Küken. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Küken, Low German, see Küchlein.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Kürbis

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Kürbis. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Kürbis, masculine, ‘gourd, pumpkin,’ from the equivalent Middle High German kürbeȥ, kürbiȥ, Old High German churbiȥ, masculine (rarely feminine); borrowed previous ​to the High German permutation (of t to ȥȥ) from Latin cucúrbita, whence also Anglo-Saxon cyrfet. Whether the reduplicated form of the Latin word was influenced by Teutonic itself cannot be determined. From Latin cucurbita are also derived Italian cucuzza, French gourde, whence English gourd, Dutch kauwoerde.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Küster

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Küster. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Küster, masculine, ‘sacristan,’ from the equivalent Middle High German and Old High German kustor, kuster, masculine. Adopted on the introduction of Christianity. While Kreuz, from Old High German chrûzi, is based upon the Latin stem cruci-, accusative singular crucem (and not the nominative crux), Küster, on the other hand, is not derived from Latin custodem (stem custodi-), or even from the non. singular custos, since in the Old High German period the change of s into r no longer occurs. We have rather to proceed from an actually recorded Middle Latin custor, custorem, a rare variant of the more prevalent form custod-, which appears also in French coutre, Old French costre, ‘sacristan.’ Middle Latin custos (scil. ecclesiae), ‘warden, guardian of the church jewels, holy vessels, &c., presbyter singular clericus cui ecclesiae et templi cura incumbit.’ With the same sense Middle Latin costurarius, whence Old Saxon costarâri, as well as Modern High German dialectic Gusterer.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Lab

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Lab. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Lab, neuter, rennet,’ from Middle High German lap(d), neuter, ‘rennet,’ also ‘acid fluid,’ Old High German lab, ‘broth’; it is not improbable, since the latter is the primary meaning, that the word is further cognate with Old Teutonic terms for ‘medicine.’ Gothic lubja, feminine, ‘poison,’ Anglo-Saxon lyb, ‘poison,’ Old Icelandic lyf, ‘medicine, Old High German luppi, neuter, ‘deadly juice.’ Note specially Middle High German kœseluppe, feminine, Old High German châsiluppa, Anglo-Saxon cŷs-lyb, equivalent to Middle High German kœ̂se-lap. The way in which Lab is related by gradation to lubja corresponds perhaps to that of High German Nase to Anglo-Saxon nosu, English nose. The primary meaning of the stem seems to be ‘strong, sharp perfume; plant juice’; Old Icelandic lyf, ‘medicine,’ and Gothic lubja, ‘poison,’ are differentiations of the same original sense.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/flunkern

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry flunkern. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ flunkern, verb, to glimmer,’ from the older Modern High German flinken, ‘to shine’; see flink. In the original sense ‘to brag,’ which is probably Low German, it is still the same word; ‘to cause to shine’ forms the link between the meanings.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/flimmern

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry flimmern. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ flimmern, verb, ‘to glimmer, sparkle, scintillate,’ like the older Modern High German flimmen, a derivative, by gradation, of Flamme.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/flisch

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry flisch. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ flisch, adjective,‘fresh, cool, raw (of a wound),’ from Middle High German vrisc, Old High German frisc, adjective, ‘new, young, cheerful, active, pert’; corresponding to Anglo-Saxon fërsc, English fresh, Old Icelandic ferskr, ‘fresh.’ The further origin is obscure; on account of its meaning Latin priscus (akin to prior, prius) cannot be allied; perhaps Old High German frisc is derived from früh, Old High German fruo. The High German word found its way at an early period into Romance (comp, Italian fresco, French frais), and into English (frisk).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/flößen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry flößen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ flößen, flötzen, verb, ‘to float (timber), skim (milk),’ from Middle High German vlœȥen, vlœtzen, ‘to cause to flow, wash down (soil),’ factitive of fließen. The Middle High German forms with ȥ and tz correspond to those of heißen, reißen (Middle High German heiȥen-heitzen, reiȥen-reitzen), and are based upon a Gothic inflexion flautja, flauteis, since tj leads, through the medium of tt, to High German tz, but t without j to ȥ.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/fließen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry fließen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ fließen, verb, ‘to flow, stream,’ from the equivalent Middle High German vlieȥen, Old High German flioȥȥan, strong verb; corresponds to Old Saxon fliotan, Dutch vlieten, Anglo-Saxon fleótan, English to fleet, Old Icelandic fljóta, Gothic *fliutan, ‘to flow.’ The Teutonic root fliut, flut, from pre-Teutonic pleud-plud, corresponds to Lettic pludêt, ‘to float,’ plûdi, inundation,’ Lithuanian plústi, ‘to take to swimming,’ plûdìs, ‘floating wood.’ Several Teutonic terms for ‘ships’ point to the latter sense, which, of course, is earlier than the Modern High German ‘flowing,’ though in Old High German Middle High German and Modern High German, fließen signifies ‘to be driven by flowing water, to swim.’ See Floß, Flotte (Flut, Gothic flôdus, is not a cognate). Instead of the root plud, other ​Aryan languages have an allied shorter root plu; compare Greek πλέω, ‘to navigate, swim,’ Sanscrit plu, pru, ‘to swim,’ Latin pluere, ‘to rain’ (fließen in a restricted sense).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/flink

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry flink. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ flink, adjective, ‘brisk, nimble, lively,’ simply Modern High German from Low German and Dutch flink, ‘brisk, agile, nimble’; akin to earlier Modern High German flinken, ‘to glitter, shine’; compare Greek ἀργός, ‘gleaming, quick.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/fluchen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry fluchen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ fluchen, verb, from the equivalent Middle High German vluochen, Old High German fluohhôn, ‘to curse, imprecate,’ with an existent strong participle Old High German farfluohhan, ‘depraved, wicked’; compare Old Saxon farflôken, ‘accursed’; Gothic flôkan (not *flêkan), strong verb, ‘to lament,’ Dutch vloeken, ‘to curse, execrate,’ In English and Scandinavian the Teutonic root flôk does not occur. Gothic flôkan, ‘to lament, bewail,’ shows the earlier meaning of the cognates; the root flôk, from pre-Teutonic plâg, may be connected with Latin plangere, ‘to strike, mourn,’ Greek root, πλαγ in πλήσσω (ἐξεπλάγη), ‘to strike.’ The Latin verb facilitates the transition of the meaning ‘to strike,’ ‘to lament,’ then ‘to imprecate, curse.’ —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/flott

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry flott. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ flott, adjective, ‘afloat; merry, luxurious,’ first occurs in Modern High German from Low German; compare Dutch vlot, ‘floating, swimming’; it is connected with fließen, Floß, but has, like Flotte, Saxon the dental medially, hence it must be assumed that the word was borrowed from Low German.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/flugs

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry flugs. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ flugs, adverb, ‘hastily, quickly,’ a genitive of Flug, Middle High German fluges, ‘quickly.’
flugs, see Flug.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/flügge

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry flügge. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ flügge, adjective, ‘fledged,’ a Low German form for the strictly High German flücke, Middle High German vlücke, Old High German flucchi, ‘able to fly.’ Akin to Middle Dutch vlugghe, with Low German permutation, English fledged; properly a verbal adjective from fliegen, with the meaning ‘capable of flying.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Sklave

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Sklave. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Sklave, masculine, ‘slave,’ from late Middle High German slave, sklave, masculine, ‘slave,’ properly ‘a captive of war.’ Derived from the national designation Slave (Middle Latin Sclavus, Slavus) during the German war of annihilation against the Slavs. Anglo-Saxon wealh, ‘Celt’ and ‘slave,’ is similarly derived. The German word Sklave passed into other Teutonic and Romance languages; compare Dutch slaaf, English slave, French esclave, Italian schiavo.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Sod

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Sod. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Sod, masculine, usually Sotbrennen, ‘heartburn,’ from the equivalent Middle High German sôt (d), masculine and neuter, which literally means ‘bubbling, boiling,’ a derivative of Middle High German sieden. Hence Modern High German Sod, signifying ‘broth, well,’ as well as the local name Soden.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Sohle

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Sohle. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Sohle (1.), feminine, Modern High German only, formed like the equivalent English sole, Swedish sola, from the Latin-Romance term solea, ‘flat fish’; compare French sole, Italian soglia. Is the term Scholle (Dutch schol) derived from the same source?
Sohle (2.), feminine, ‘sole (of the foot),’ from the equivalent Middle High German sol, sole, Old High German sola, feminine; borrowed contemporaneously with Socke prior to the Old High German period from Latin *sŏla (a variant of sŏlea), which is implied by Italian suolo, French sole, ‘sole.’ Latin sŏlea, whence Italian soglia, French seuil, ‘threshold,’ is probably the source of Gothic sulja, ‘sole.’ The primary kinship of Old High German sola with Latin solea (Greek ὑλιώ) is conceivable if Schwelle is allied.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Sockel

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Sockel. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Sockel, masculine, ‘plinth,’ Modern High German only, formed from French socle (Latin socculus).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Sold

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Sold. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Sold, masculine, ‘pay, salary,’ from Middle High German solt (d), masculine, ‘reward for service done,’ also ‘that which is to be performed, duty, service.’ It first appears in Middle High German about 1200 A.D., and is derived from French solde, ‘soldier's pay,’ which is properly the coin, Latin solidus, Italian soldo (Modern French sou); yet the double sense in Middle High German can only be explained by the influence of the verb sollen. —