# The Iliad of Homer (Pope)/Book 21

BOOK XXI
THE ARGUMENT
THE BATTLE IN THE RIVER SCAMANDER
And now to Xanthus' gliding stream they drove,
Xanthus, immortal progeny of Jove.
The river here divides the flying train:
Part to the town fly diverse o'er the plain,
Where late their troops triumphant bore the fight,
Now chased and trembling in ignoble flight:
These with a gathered mist Saturnia shrouds,
And rolls behind the rout a heap of clouds:
Part plunge into the stream: old Xanthus roars;
The flashing billows beat the whitened shores:
With cries promiscuous all the banks resound,
And here and there, in eddies whirling round,
The flouncing steeds and shrieking warriors drowned,
As the scorched locusts from their fields retire,
While fast behind them runs the blaze of fire;
Driven from the land before the smoky cloud,
The clustering legions rush into the flood:
So plunged in Xanthus by Achilles' force,
Roars the resounding surge with men and horse.
His bloody lance the hero casts aside,
Which spreading tamarisks on the margin hide,
Then, like a god, the rapid billows braves,
Armed with his sword, high brandished o'er the waves;
Now down he plunges, now he whirls it round,
Deep groan the waters with the dying sound; ​Repeated wounds the reddening river dyed,
And the warm purple circled on the tide.
Swift through the foamy flood the Trojans fly,
And close in rocks or winding caverns lie:
So the huge dolphin tempesting the main,
In shoals before him fly the scaly train;
Confusedly heaped, they seek their inmost caves,
Or pant and heave beneath the floating waves.
Now, tired with slaughter, from the Trojan band
Twelve chosen youths he drags alive to land;
With their rich belts their captive arms constrains,
Late their proud ornaments, but now their chains;
These his attendants to the ships conveyed,
Sad victims I destined to Patroclus' shade. Then, as once more he plunged amid the flood,
The young Lycaon in his passage stood;
The son of Priam, whom the hero's hand
But late made captive in his father's land,
As from a sycamore his sounding steel
Lopped the green arms to spoke a chariot wheel;
To Lemnos' isle he sold the royal slave,
Where Jason's son the price demanded gave:
But kind Eetion, touching on the shore,
The ransomed prince to fair Arisbe bore.
Ten days were past, since in his father's reign
He felt the sweets of liberty again:
The next, that god whom men in vain withstand,
Gives the same youth to the same conquering hand:
Now never to return! and doomed to go
A sadder journey to the shades below.
His well-known face when great Achilles eyed
The helm and visor he had cast aside
With wild affright, and dropped upon the field
His useless lance and unavailing shield
As trembling, panting, from the stream he fled,
And knocked his faltering knees, the hero said: "Ye mighty gods! what wonders strike my view!
Is it in vain our conquering arms subdue?
Sure I shall see yon heaps of Trojans killed,
Rise from the shade, and brave me on the field: no: As now the captive, whom so late I bound
And. sold to Lemnos, stalks on Trojan ground! Not him the sea's unmeasured deeps detain,
That bar such numbers from their native plain:
Lo! he returns. Try then my flying spear! Try, if the grave can hold the wanderer:
If earth at length this active prince can seize,
Earth, whose strong grasp has held down Hercules." Thus while he spake, the Trojan, pale with fears, ​Approached, and sought his knees with suppliant tears;
Loath as he was to yield his youthful breath,
And his soul shivering at the approach of death.
Achilles raised the spear, prepared to wound;
He kissed his feet, extended on the ground:
And while above the spear suspended stood,
Longing to dip its thirsty point in blood,
One hand embraced them close, one stopped the dart;
While thus these melting words attempt his heart: "Thy well-known captive, great Achilles! see;
Once more Lycaon trembles at thy knee;
Some pity to a suppliant's name afford,
Who shared the gifts of Ceres at thy board;
Whom late thy conquering arm to Lemnos bore,
Far from his father, friends, and native shore;
A hundred oxen were his price that day,
Now sums immense thy mercy shall repay.
Scarce respited from woes I yet appear,
And scarce twelve morning suns have seen me here:
Lo! Jove again submits me to thy hands,
Again, her victim cruel Fate demands!
I sprung from Priam, and Laothoe fair;
Old Altes' daughter, and Lelegia's heir;
Who held in Pedasus his famed abode,
And ruled the fields where silver Satnio flowed;
Two sons, alas I unhappy sons, she bore;
For ah! one spear shall drink each brother's gore,
And I succeed to slaughtered Polydore.
How from that arm of terror shall I fly?
Some demon urges, 'tis my doom to die!
If ever yet soft pity touched thy mind,
Ah I think not me too much of Hector's kind!
Not the same mother gave thy suppliant breath,
With his, who wrought thy loved Patroclus' death."
These words, attended with a shower of tears,
The youth addressed to unrelenting ears:
"Talk not of life, or ransom," he replies;
"Patroclus dead, whoever meets me, dies:
In vain a single Trojan sues for grace;
But least, the sons of Priam's hateful race.
Die then, my friend! If what boots it to deplore?
The great, the good Patroclus is no more!
He, far thy better, was foredoomed to die,
And thou, dost thou bewail mortality? ​Seest thou not me, whom Nature's gifts adorn,
Sprung from a hero, from a goddess born?
The day shall come, which nothing can avert,
When by the spear, the arrow, or the dart,
By night, or day, by force or by design,
Impending death and certain fate are mine.
Die, then!" he said, and as the word he spoke,
The fainting stripling sunk before the stroke;
His hand forgot its grasp, and left the spear;
While all his trembling frame confessed his fear.
Sudden Achilles his broad sword displayed,
And buried in his neck the reeking blade.
Prone fell the youth; and, panting on the land,
The gushing purple dyed the thirsty sand:
The victor to the stream the carcass gave,
And thus insults him, floating on the wave: "Lie there, Lycaon, let the fish surround
Thy bloated corse, and suck thy gory wound:
There no sad mother shall thy funerals weep,
But swift Scamander roll thee to the deep,
Whose every wave some watery monster brings,
To feast unpunished on the fat of kings.
So perish Troy, and all the Trojan line!
Such ruin theirs, and such compassion mine.
What boots ye now Scamander's worshipped stream,
His earthly honours, and immortal name?
In vain your immolated bulls are slain,
Your living coursers glut his gulfs in vain:
Thus he rewards you with this bitter fate;
Thus, till the Grecian vengeance is complete,
Thus is atoned Patroclus' honoured shade,
And the short absence of Achilles paid." These boastful words provoke the raging god;
With fury swells the violated flood.
What means divine may yet the power employ,
To check Achilles, and to rescue Troy? Meanwhile the hero springs in arms, to dare
The great Asteropeus to mortal war;
The son of Pelagon, whose lofty line
Flows from the source of Axius, stream divine Fair Peribcea's love the god had crowned,
With all his refluent waters circled round.
On him Achilles rushed: he fearless stood,
And shook two spears, advancing from the flood:
The flood impelled him, on Pelides' head
To avenge his waters choked with heaps of dead.
Near as they drew, Achilles thus began: " What art thou, boldest of the race of man? ​Who, or from whence? Unhappy is the sire
Whose son encounters our resistless ire." "O son of Peleus I what avails to trace,"
Replied the warrior," our illustrious race?
From rich Pæonia's valleys I command,
Armed with protended spears, my native band;
Now shines the tenth bright morning since I came
In aid of Ilion to the fields of fame:
Axius, who swells with all the neighbouring rills,
And wide around the floated region fills,
Begot my sire, whose spear such glory won:
Now lift thy arm, and try that hero's son!" Threatening he said: the hostile chiefs advance;
At once Asteropeus discharged each lance;
For both his dexterous hands the lance could wield:
One struck, but pierced not the Vulcanian shield;
One razed Achilles' hand; the spouting blood
Spun forth, in earth the fastened weapon stood.
Like lightning next the Pelian javelin flies;
Its erring fury hissed along the skies:
Deep in the swelling bank was driven the spear,
E'en to the middle earth; and quivered there.
Then from his side the sword Pelides drew,
And on his foe with double fury flew;
The foe thrice tugged, and shook the rooted wood,
Repulsive of his might the weapon stood:
The fourth, he tries to break the spear, in vain;
Bent as he stands he tumbles to the plain;
His belly opened with a ghastly wound,
The reeking entrails pour upon the ground.
Beneath the hero's feet he panting lies,
And his eye darkens, and his spirit flies:
While his proud victor thus triumphing said,
His radiant armour tearing from the dead: "So ends thy glory! such the fate they prove
Who strive presumptuous with the sons of Jove.
Sprung from a river didst thou boast thy line?
But great Saturnius is the source of mine.
How durst thou vaunt thy watery progeny?
Of Peleus, Æacus, and Jove, am I;
The race of these superior far to those,
And he that thunders to the stream that flows.
What rivers can, Scamander might have shewn:
But Jove he dreads, nor wars against his son.
E'en Acheloiis might contend in vain,
And all the roaring billows of the main.
The eternal ocean, from whose fountains flow
The seas, the rivers, and the springs below,
The thundering voice of Jove abhors to hear, ​And in his deep abysses shakes with fear." He said: then from the bank his javelin tore,
And left the breathless warrior in his gore.
The floating tides the bloody carcass lave,
And beat against it, wave succeeding wave:
Till, rolled between the banks, it lies the food
Of curling eels, and fishes of the flood.
All scattered round the stream, their mightiest slain,
The amazed Pa^onians scour along the plain:
He vents his fury on the flying crew,
Thrasius, Astypylus, and Mnesus, slew;
Mydon, Thersilochus, and Ænius fell;
And numbers more his lance had plunged to hell,
But from the bottom of his gulfs profound,
Scamander spoke; the shores returned the sound: "O first of mortals! for the gods are thine,
In valour matchless, and in force divine!
If Jove have given thee every Trojan head,
'Tis not on me thy rage should heap the dead.
See! my choked streams no more their course can keep,
Nor roll their wonted tribute to the deep.
Turn then, impetuous I from our injured flood;
Content, thy slaughters could amaze a god." In human form confessed, before his eyes
The river thus; and thus the chief replies: "O sacred stream I thy word we shall obey;
But not till Troy the destined vengeance pay;
Nor till within her towers the perjured train
Shall pant, and tremble at our arms again;
Not till proud Hector, guardian of her wall,
Or stain this lance, or see Achilles fall." He said: and drove with fury on the foe.
Then to the godhead of the silver bow
The yellow flood began: "O son of Jove!
Was not the mandate of the sire above
Full and express? that Phoebus should employ
His sacred arrows in defence of Troy,
And make her conquer, till Hyperion's fall
In awful darkness hide the face of all?" He spoke in vain: the chief without dismay
Ploughs through the boiling surge his desperate way.
Then, rising in his rage above the shores,
From all his deep the bellowing river roars; ​Huge heaps of slain disgorges on the coast,
And round the banks the ghastly dead are tossed;
While all before, the billows ranged on high,
A watery bulwark, screen the bands who fly.
Now bursting on his head with thundering sound,
The falling deluge whelms the hero round:
His loaded shield bends to the rushing tide;
His feet, upborne, scarce the strong flood divide,
Sliddering, and staggering. On the border stood
A spreading elm, that overhung the flood;
He seized a bending bough, his steps to stay;
The plant uprooted to his weight gave way,
Heaving the bank, and undermining all;
Loud flash the waters to the rushing fall
Of the thick foliage. The large trunk displayed
Bridged the rough flood across: the hero stayed
On this his weight, and, raised upon his hand,
Leaped from the channel, and regained the land.
Then blackened the wild waves; the murmur rose;
The god pursues, a huger billow throws,
And burst the bank, ambitious to destroy
The man whose fury is the fate of Troy.
He, like the warlike eagle, speeds his pace,
Swiftest and strongest of the aërial race.
Far as a spear can fly, Achilles springs
At every bound; his clanging armour rings:
Now here, now there, he turns on every side,
And winds his course before the following tide;
The waves flow after, wheresoe'er he wheels,
And gather fast, and murmur at his heels.
So when a peasant to his garden brings
Soft rills of water from the bubbling springs,
And calls the floods from high to bless his bowers,
And feed with pregnant streams the plants and flowers;
Soon as he clears whatever their passage stayed,
And marks the future current with his spade,
Swift o'er the rolling pebbles, down the hills
Louder and louder purl the falling rills;
Before him scattering, they prevent his pains,
And shine in mazy wanderings o'er the plains. Still flies Achilles, but before his eyes
Still swift Scamander rolls where'er he flies:
Not all his speed escapes the rapid floods;
The first of men, but not a match for gods.
Oft as he turned the torrent to oppose,
And bravely try if all the powers were foes;
So oft the surge, in watery mountains spread,
Beats on his back, or bursts upon his head.
Yet dauntless still the adverse flood he braves, ​And still indignant bounds above the waves.
Tired by the tides, his knees relax with toil;
Washed from beneath him slides the slimy soil;
When thus, his eyes on heaven's expansion thrown,
Forth bursts the hero with an angry groan:
"Is there no god Achilles to befriend,
No power to avert his miserable end?
Prevent, O Jove! this ignominious date,
And make my future life the sport of fate:
Of all heaven's oracles believed in vain,
But most of Thetis, must her son complain:
By Phoebus' darts she prophesied my fall,
In glorious arms before the Trojan wall.
Oh! had I died in fields of battle warm,
Stretched like a hero, by a hero's arm;
Might Hector's spear this dauntless bosom rend,
And my swift soul o'ertake my slaughtered friend!
Ah no! Achilles meets a shameful fate,
Oh how unworthy of the brave and great!
Like some vile swain, whom, on a rainy day,
Crossing a ford, the torrent sweeps away,
An unregarded carcass to the sea." Neptune and Pallas haste to his relief,
And thus in human form address the chief:
The Power of ocean first: "Forbear thy fear,
O son of Peleus! lo, thy gods appear!
Behold I from Jove descending to thy aid,
Propitious Neptune, and the blue-eyed Maid.
Stay, and the furious flood shall cease to rave:
'Tis not thy fate to glut his angry wave.
But thou the counsel heaven suggests attend;
Nor breathe from combat, nor thy sword suspend,
Till Troy receive her flying sons, till all
Her routed squadrons pant behind their wall:
Hector alone shall stand his fatal chance,
And Hector's blood shall smoke upon thy lance;
Thine is the glory doomed." Thus spake the gods:
Then swift ascended to the bright abodes. Stung with new ardour, thus by heaven impelled,
He springs impetuous, and invades the field:
O'er all the expanded plain the waters spread;
Heaved on the bounding billows danced the dead,
Floating 'midst scattered arms: while casques of gold,
And turned-up bucklers, glittered as they rolled.
High o'er the surging tide, by leaps and bounds,
He wades, and mounts; the parted wave resounds.
Now a whole river stops the hero's course,
While Pallas fills him with immortal force.
With equal rage indignant Xanthus roars, ​And lifts his billows, and o'erwhelms his shores. Then thus to Sïmois: "Haste, my brother flood!
And check this mortal that controls a god:
Our bravest heroes else shall quit the fight,
And Ilion tumble from her towery height.
Gall then thy subject streams, and bid them roar;
From all thy fountains swell thy watery store;
With broken rocks and with a load of dead
Charge the black surge, and pour it on his head.
Mark how resistless through the floods he goes,
And boldly bids the warring gods be foes!
But nor that force, nor form divine to sight,
Shall aught avail him, if our rage unite:
Whelmed under our dark gulfs those arms shall lie,
That blaze so dreadful in each Trojan eye;
And deep beneath a sandy mountain hurled,
Immersed remain this terror of the world.
Such ponderous ruin shall confound the place,
No Greeks shall e'er his perished relics grace,
No hand his bones shall gather or inhume;
These his cold rites, and this his watery tomb." He said; and on the chief descends amain,
Increased with gore, and swelling with the slain.
Then, murmuring from his beds, he boils, he raves,
And a foam whitens on the purple waves:
At every step, before Achilles stood
The crimson surge, and deluged him with blood.
Fear touched the queen of heaven: she saw dismayed,
She called aloud, and summoned Vulcan's aid. "Rise to the war! the insulting flood requires
Thy wasteful arm: assemble all thy fires! While to their aid, by our command enjoined,
Rush the swift eastern and the western wind:
These from old ocean at my word shall blow,
Pour the red torrent on the watery foe,
Corses and arms to one bright ruin turn,
And hissing rivers to their bottoms burn.
Go, mighty in thy rage I display thy power;
Drink the whole flood, the crackling trees devour;
Scorch all the banks 1 and, till our voice reclaim,
Exert the unwearied furies of the flame!" The Power ignipotent her word obeys:
Wide o'er the plain he pours the boundless blaze;
At once consumes the dead, and dries the soil;
And the shrunk waters in their channel boil.
As when autumnal Boreas sweeps the sky,
And instant blows the watered gardens dry:
So looked the field, so whitened was the ground,
While Vulcan breathed the fiery blast around. ​Swift on the sedgy reeds the ruin preys;
Along the margin winds the running blaze;
The trees in flaming rows to ashes turn,
The flowery lotos and the tamarisk burn,
Broad elm, and cypress rising in a spire;
The watery willows hiss before the fire.
Now glow the waves, the fishes pant for breath:
The eels lie twisting in the pangs of death:
Now flounce aloft, now dive the scaly fry,
Or gasping, turn their bellies to the sky.
At length the river reared his languid head,
And thus, short panting, to the god he said: "O Vulcan 1 oh, what power resists thy might?
I faint, I sink, unequal to the fight———
I yield—let Ilion fall; if fate decree———
Ah, bend no more thy fiery arms on me!" He ceased; while, conflagration blazing round,
The bubbling waters yield a hissing sound.
As when the flames beneath a caldron rise,
To melt the fat of some rich sacrifice,
Amid the fierce embrace of circling fires
The waters foam, the heavy smoke aspires:
So boils the imprisoned flood, forbid to flow,
And, choked with vapours, feels his bottom glow.
To Juno then, imperial queen of air,
The burning river sends his earnest prayer: "Ah why, Saturnia! must thy son engage
Me, only me, with all his wasteful rage?
On other gods his dreadful arm employ,
For mightier gods assert the cause of Troy.
Submissive I desist, if thou command,
But ah! withdraw this all-destroying hand.
Hear then my solemn oath, to yield to fate
Unaided Ilion, and her destined state,
Till Greece shall gird her with destructive flame,
And in one ruin sink the Trojan name."
His warm entreaty touched Saturnia's ear:
She bade the ignipotent his rage forbear,
Recall the flame, nor in a mortal cause Infest a god: the obedient flame withdraws:
Again, the branching streams begin to spread,
And soft re-murmur in their wonted bed.
While these by Juno's will the strife resign,
The warring gods in fierce contention join:
Rekindling rage each heavenly breast alarms;
With horrid clangour shock the ethereal arms:
Heaven in loud thunder bids the trumpet sound;
And wide beneath them groans the rending ground.
Jove, as his soort, the dreadful scene descries, ​And views contending gods with careless eyes.
The Power of battles lifts his brazen spear,
And first assaults the radiant queen of war. "What moved thy madness, thus to disunite
Ethereal minds, and mix all heaven in fight?
What wonder this, when in thy frantic mood
Thou drovest a mortal to insult a god?
Thy impious hand Tydides' javelin bore,
And madly bathed it in celestial gore."
He spoke, and smote the loud-resounding shield,
Which bears Jove's thunder on its dreadful field;
The adamantine aegis of her sire,
That turns the glancing bolt, and forked fire. Then heaved the goddess in her mighty hand
A stone, the limit of the neighbouring land,
There fixed from eldest times; black, craggy, vast:
This at the heavenly homicide she cast.
Thundering he falls; a mass of monstrous size,
And seven broad acres covers as he lies.
The stunning stroke his stubborn nerves unbound;
Loud o'er the fields his ringing arms resound:
The scornful Dame her conquest views with smiles,
And, glorying, thus the prostrate god reviles: "Hast thou not yet, insatiate fury I known
How far Minerva's force transcends thy own?
Juno, whom thou rebellious darest withstand,
Corrects thy folly thus by Pallas' hand;
Thus meets thy broken faith with just disgrace,
And partial aid to Troy's perfidious race." The goddess spoke, and turned her eyes away,
That, beaming round, diffused celestial day.
Jove's Cyprian daughter, stooping on the land,
Lent to the wounded god her tender hand:
Slowly he rises, scarcely breathes with pain,
And propt on her fair arm forsakes the plain:
This the bright empress of the heavens surveyed,
And scoffing thus to war's victorious Maid: "Lo, what an aid on Mars's side is seen!
The smiles' and loves' unconquerable queen!
Mark with what insolence, in open view,
She moves : let Pallas, if she dares, pursue."
Minerva smiling heard, the pair o'ertook,
And slightly on her breast the wanton struck:
She, unresisting, fell, her spirits fled; On earth together lay the lovers spread. "And like these heroes, be the fate of all,"
Minerva cries, "who guard the Trojan wall!
To Grecian gods such let the Phrygian be, ​So dread, so fierce, as Venus is to me;
Then from the lowest stone shall Troy be moved:"
Thus she, and Juno with a smile approved. Meantime, to mix in more than mortal fight,
The god of ocean dares the god of light. "What sloth hath seized us, when the fields around Ring with conflicting powers, and heaven returns the sound?
Shall, ignominious, we with shame retire,
No deed performed, to our Olympian sire?
Come, prove thy arm! for first the war to wage,
Suits not my greatness, or superior age;
Rash as thou art, to prop the Trojan throne,
Forgetful of my wrongs, and of thy own,
And guard the race of proud Laomedon!
Hast thou forgot, how, at the monarch's prayer,
We shared the lengthened labours of a year?
Troy's walls I raised, for such were Jove's commands,
And yon proud bulwarks grew beneath my hands;
Thy task it was to feed the bellowing droves
Along fair Ida's vales, and pendent groves.
But when the circling seasons in their train
Brought back the grateful day that crowned our pain,
With menace stern the fraudful king defied
Our latent godhead, and the prize denied:
Mad as he was, he threatened servile bands,
And doomed us exiles far in barbarous lands.
Incensed, we heavenward fled with swiftest wing,
And destined vengeance on the perjured king.
Dost thou, for this, afford proud Ilion grace,
And not, like us, infest the faithless race?
Like us, their present, future sons destroy,
And from its deep foundations heave their Troy?" Apollo thus: "To combat for mankind
Ill suits the wisdom of celestial mind:
For what is man? Calamitous by birth,
They owe their life and nourishment to earth:
Like yearly leaves, that now, with beauty crowned,
Smile on the sun; now wither on the ground;
To their own hands commit the frantic scene,
Nor mix immortals in a cause so mean."
Then turns his face, far beaming heavenly fires,
And from the senior power submiss retires;
Him, thus retreating, Artemis upbraids,
The quivered huntress of the sylvan shades: "And is it thus the youthful Phœbus flies,
And yields to ocean's hoary sire the prize?
How vain that martial pomp, and dreadful show
Of pointed arrows, and the silver bow! ​Now boast no more in yon celestial bower,
Thy force can match the great earth-shaking Power." Silent he heard the queen of woods upbraid:
Not so Saturnia bore the vaunting Maid,
But furious thus: "What insolence has driven
Thy pride to face the majesty of heaven?
What though by Jove the female plague designed,
Fierce to the feeble race of womankind,
The wretched matron feels thy piercing dart;
Thy sex's tyrant, with a tiger's heart?
What though, tremendous in the woodland chase,
Thy certain arrows pierce the savage race?
How dares thy rashness on the Powers divine
Employ those arms, or match thy force with mine?
Learn hence, no more unequal war to wage—"
She said, and seized her wrists with eager rage;
These in her left hand locked, her right untied
The bow, the quiver, and its plumy pride.
About her temples flies the busy bow;
Now here, now there, she winds her from the blow;
The scattering arrows, rattling from the case,
Drop round, and idly mark the dusty place.
Swift from the field the baffled huntress flies,
And scarce restrains the torrent in her eyes:
So when the falcon wings her way above,
To the cleft cavern speeds the gentle dove,
Not fated yet to die, there safe retreats,
Yet still her heart against the marble beats. To her Latona hastes with tender care;
Whom Hermes viewing thus declines the war:
"How shall I face the dame who gives delight
To him whose thunders blacken heaven with night?
Go, matchless goddess! triumph in the skies,
And boast my conquest, while I yield the prize." He spoke, and passed: Latona, stooping low,
Collects the scattered shafts, and fallen bow,
That, glittering on the dust, lay here and there;
Dishonoured relics of Diana's war.
Then swift pursued her to her blest abode,
Where, all confused, she sought the sovereign god;
Weeping she grasped his knees: the ambrosial vest
Shook with her sighs, and panted on her breast. The sire superior smiled; and bade her shew
What heavenly hand had caused his daughter's woe?
Abashed she names his own imperial spouse;
And the pale crescent fades upon her brows. Thus they above; while, swiftly gliding down,
Apollo enters Dion's sacred town:
The guardian god now trembled for her wall, ​And feared the Greeks, though Fate forbade her fall. Back to Olympus, from the war's alarms, Return the shining bands of gods in arms; Some proud in triumph, some with rage on fire; And take their thrones around the ethereal sire. Through blood, through death, Achilles still proceeds, O'er slaughtered heroes, and o'er rolling steeds. As when avenging flames, with fury driven, On guilty towns exert the wrath of heaven; The pale inhabitants, some fall, some fly; And the red vapors purple all the sky: So raged Achilles: death, and dire dismay, And toils, and terror, filled the dreadful day. High on a turret hoary Priam stands, And marks the waste of his destructive hands; Views, from his arm, the Trojans' scattered flight, And the near hero rising on his sight! No stop, no check, no aid! With feeble pace, And settled sorrow on his aged face, Fast as he could, he sighing quits the walls, And thus, descending, on the guards he calls: "You, to whose care our city gates belong, Set wide your portals to the flying throng. For lo! he comes, with unresisted sway; He comes, and desolation marks his way! But when within the walls our troops take breath, Lock fast the brazen bars, and shut out death." Thus charged the reverend monarch: wide were flung The opening folds; the sounding hinges rung. Phœbus rushed forth, the flying bands to meet, Struck slaughter back, and covered the retreat. On heaps the Trojans crowd to gain the gate, And gladsome see their last escape from fate: Thither, all parched with thirst, a heartless train, Hoary with dust, they beat the hollow plain; And gasping, panting, fainting, labour on With heavier strides, that lengthen toward the town. Enraged Achilles follows with his spear, Wild with revenge, insatiable of war. Then had the Greeks eternal praise acquired, And Troy inglorious to her walls retired; But he, the god who darts ethereal flame, Shot down to save her, and redeem her fame. To young Agenor force divine he gave, Antenor's offspring, haughty, bold, and brave: In aid of him, beside the beach he sat, And, wrapt in clouds, restrained the hand of Fate. When now the generous youth Achilles spies ​Thick beats his heart, the troubled motions rise: So ere a storm, the waters heave and roll: He stops, and questions thus his mighty soul: "What! shall I fly this terror of the plain? Like others fly, and be like others slain? Vain hope! to shun him by the self-same road Yon line of slaughtered Trojans lately trod. No: with the common heap I scorn to fall— What if they passed me to the Trojan wall, While I decline to yonder path that leads To Ida's forests and surrounding shades? So may I reach, concealed, the cooling flood, From my tired body wash the dirt and blood, And, soon as night her dusky veil extends, Return in safety to my Trojan friends. What if—? But wherefore all this vain debate? Stand I to doubt within the reach of Fate? E'en now, perhaps, ere yet I turn the wall, The fierce Achilles sees me, and I fall: Such is his swiftness, 'tis in vain to fly, And such his valour, that who stands must die. Howe'er, 'tis better, fighting for the state, Here, and in public view, to meet my fate. Yet sure he too is mortal; he may feel, Like all the sons of earth, the force of steel: One only soul informs that dreadful frame; And Jove's sole favour gives him all his fame." He said, and stood, collected in his might; And all his beating bosom claimed the fight. So from some deep-grown wood a panther starts, Roused from his thicket by a storm of darts: Untaught to fear or fly, he hears the sounds Of shouting hunters, and of clamorous hounds; Though struck, though wounded, scarce perceives the pain, And the barbed javelin stings his breast in vain; On their whole war, untamed the savage flies; And tears his hunter, or beneath him dies. Not less resolved Antenor's valiant heir Confronts Achilles, and awaits the war, Disdainful of retreat: high-held before, His shield, a broad circumference, he bore; Then, graceful as he stood, in act to throw The lifted javelin, thus bespoke the foe: "How proud Achilles glories in his fame! And hopes this day to sink the Trojan name Beneath her ruins! Know, that hope is vain; A thousand woes, a thousand toils, remain. Parents and children our just arms employ, ​And strong, and many, are the sons of Troy:
Great as thou art, e'en thou may'st stain with gore
These Phrygian fields, and press a foreign shore." He said; with matchless force the javelin flung
Smote on his knee, the hollow cuishes rung
Beneath the pointed steel; but safe from harms
He stands impassive in ethereal arms.
Then, fiercely rushing on the daring foe,
His lifted arm prepares the fatal blow;
But, jealous of his fame, Apollo shrouds
The godlike Trojan in a veil of clouds:
Safe from pursuit, and shut from mortal view,
Dismissed with fame the favoured youth withdrew.
Meanwhile the god, to cover their escape,
Assumes Agenor's habit, voice, and shape,
Flies from the furious chief in this disguise;
The furious chief still follows where he flies.
Now o'er the fields they stretch with lengthened strides,
Now urge the course where swift Scamander glides:
The god, now distant scarce a stride before,
Tempts his pursuit, and wheels about the shore
While all the flying troops their speed employ,
And pour on heaps into the walls of Troy:
No stop, no stay : no thought to ask, or tell,
Who 'scaped by flight, or who by battle fell.
'Twas tumult all, and violence of flight;
And sudden joy confused, and mixed affright:
Pale Troy against Achilles shuts her gate;
And nations breathe, delivered from their fate.
* ↑ The original is, daughter of Altes, who ruled over the Leleges. Satnio was a river of Troas, Book xiv., line 520, page 270.
* ↑ Cowper suggests that the term is ironically used, in ridicule of Lycaon's plea for mercy on the ground that he had eaten at the table of Achilles.
* ↑ A river of Macedonia.
* ↑ The reference is obscure, or, one might even say, non-existent. This might be urged as an argument against the unity of the poem. But similar difficulties can be found in many authors of antiquity. Cowper asks: " May we venture to pronounce it an oversight?" Such things are to be found in places where they are less likely to be found.
* ↑ Book v., line 1049, page 122.
* ↑ Compare Book XX., line 42, page 361.