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# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Abbreviations in Appendix

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ABBREVIATIONS, ETC., IN APPENDIX.
| A.F. | denotes | Admiral of the | Fleet. |
| A.R. | . . . . | ditto | Red. |
| A.W. | . . . . | ditto | White. |
| A.B. | . . . . | ditto | Blue. |
| V.R. | . . . . | Vice-Admiral of the | Red. |
| V.W. | . . . . | ditto | White. |
| V.B. | . . . . | ditto | Blue. |
| R.R. | . . . . | Rear-Admiral of the | Red. |
| R.W. | . . . . | ditto | White. |
| R.B. | . . . . | ditto | Blue. |
| R.A. | . . . . | Retired Rear-Admiral. | Retired Rear-Admiral. |
| C. | . . . . | Captain. | Captain. |
| Cr. | . . . . | Commander | Commander |
| x. | . . . . | Retired Commanders of 1816. | Retired Commanders of 1816. |
| y. | . . . . | of 1830. | of 1830. |
| L. | . . . . | Lieutenant. | Lieutenant. |
| F.L. | . . . . | Flag-Lieutenant. | Flag-Lieutenant. |
| Ag. | . . . . | Acting. | Acting. |
| Resig. | . . . . | Resigned. | Resigned. |
| Supd. | . . . . | Superseded. | Superseded. |
| Invd. | . . . . | Invalided. | Invalided. |
| P.O. | . . . . | Paid Off. | Paid Off. |
| Hosp. | . . . . | Hospital. | Hospital. |
| D. | . . . . | Died. | Died. |
| Prom. | . . . . | Promoted. | Promoted. |
| RV. | . . . . | in a Revenue Vessel. | in a Revenue Vessel. |
| TS. | . . . . | in the Transport Service. | in the Transport Service. |
| CSV. | . . . . | in a Contract Steam Vessel. | in a Contract Steam Vessel. |
N.B. The Names of the Retired Officers are inserted in Italics.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Achmuty, Robert Ross

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​ACHMUTY. (Lieut., 1819. f-p., 17; h-p., 20.)
Robert Ross Achmuty died 30 Dec. 1844. He was son of Robt. Achmuty, Esq., of Dublin; grandson of the late Thos. Achmuty, Esq., of Brianstown, co. Longford; and a near relative of Lieut.-General the gallant Sir Sam. Achmuty, G.C.B.
​This officer entered the Navy, 30 Jan. 1808, as Third-cl. Boy, on board the Dictator 64, Capt. Donald Campbell; attained the rating of Midshipman 6 March following; and continued to serve in the Baltic until transferred in March, 1809, with the same Captain, to the Audacious 74, one of the ships employed in the ensuing expedition against Flushing. After further participating in the co-operations with the British army in the Tagus, Mr. Achmuty, in Nov. 1811, joined the Warrior 74, Capts. Hon. Geo. Byng and John Tremayne Rodd, under the former of whom we find him escorting the Prince of Orange to Holland in Nov. 1813; and, in the year following, a fleet of merchantmen to the West Indies. He next served, between July, 1815, and March, 1817, as Acting-Lieutenant, on the latter station, of the Sabine 16, Capts. Wm. Hall and A. Campbell, and Briseis 10, Capt. Geo. Domett; then returned home in the Lady Hamilton transport; and was subsequently attached, for short periods, as Admiralty-Midshipman, to the Blossom 20, Capt. Tred. Hickey, and Hyacinth 20, Capt. Alex. Renton Sharpe, on the Brazilian station; and, again as Acting-Lieutenant, to the Salisbury 58, flag-ship in the West Indies of Rear-Admiral Donald Campbell, where he was officially promoted to the Raleigh 18, Capts. Wm. Augustus Baumgardt and Geo. Blackman, 13 July, 1819. Mr. Achmuty returned to England, and was paid off towards the close of 1821; from which period he remained on half-pay until appointed, 27 Dec. 1841, Admiralty-Agent in a Contract Mail Steam-vessel. In this capacity he appears to have been employed until the date of his death.
He married, 27 Aug. 1822, Alicia Jane, eldest daughter of Arthur Auchmuty, Esq., M.D., of Kilmore House, Roscommon, a magistrate for that county, by whom he has left issue. Agents – Hallett and Robinson.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Gardiner, Samuel Rawson

​Gardiner, Samuel Rawson (1829-1902).—Historian, b. at Alresford, Hants, was ed. at Winchester and Oxf. In 1855 he m. Isabella, dau. of Edward Irving (q.v.), the founder of the Catholic Apostolic Church, which he joined, and in which he ultimately held high office. About the time of his leaving Oxf. he had planned his great work, The History of England from the Accession of James I. to the Restoration, and the accomplishment of this task he made the great object of his life for more than 40 years. The first two vols appeared in 1863 as The History of England from the Accession of James I. to the Disgrace of Chief Justice Cooke, and subsequent instalments appeared under the following titles: ​Prince Charles and The Spanish Marriage (1867), England under Buckingham and Charles I. (1875), Personal Government of Charles I. (1877), The Fall of the Government of Charles I. (1881); these were in 1883-4 re-issued in a consolidated form entitled History of England from the Accession of James I. to the Outbreak of the Civil War. The second section of the work, History of the Great Civil War, followed in three vols. pub. in 1886, 1889, and 1891 respectively, and three more vols., History of the Commonwealth and Protectorate in 1894, 1897, and 1901, brought the story down to 1656, when the health of the indefatigable writer gave way, and he d. in 1902. In addition to this monumental work G. wrote many school and college historical text-books, and contributed to the Epochs of Modern History Series, The Thirty Years' War (1874), and The First Two Stuarts (1876); he also wrote Outlines of English History, three parts (1881—3), and Students' History of England, three parts (1891). From 1871—85 he was Prof. of History at King's Coll., London, and lecturer on history for the London Society for the Extension of Univ. Teaching. He also ed. many of the historical documents which he unearthed in his investigations, and many of those issued by the "Camden," "Clarendon," and other societies. He was ed. of The English Historical Review, and contributed largely to the Dictionary of National Biography. The sober and unadorned style of G.'s works did little to commend them to the general reader, but their eminent learning, accuracy, impartiality, and the laborious pursuit of truth which they exhibited earned for him, from the first, the respect and admiration of scholars and serious students of history; and as his great work advanced it was recognised as a permanent contribution to historical literature. In 1882 he received a civil list pension, and was elected to Research Fellowships, first by All Souls' Coll., and subsequently by Merton. He held honorary degrees from the Univ. of Oxford, Gottingen, and Edinburgh.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Garrick, David

​Garrick, David (1717-1779).—Actor and dramatist, b. at Hereford, but got most of his education at Lichfield, to which his f. belonged. He was also one of the three pupils who attended Johnson's School at Edial. With his great preceptor, whom he accompanied to London, he always remained on friendly terms. He took to the stage, and became the greatest of English actors. He also wrote various plays, and adaptations, and did not scruple to undertake "improved" versions of some of Shakespeare's greatest plays, ​including Cymbeline, The Taming of the Shrew, and The Winter's Tale, performing the same service for Jonson and Wycherley, in the last case with much more excuse. Of his original plays The Lying Valet and Miss in her Teens are perhaps the best.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Garth, Sir Samuel

​Garth, Sir Samuel (1661-1719).—Physician and poet, b. at Bolam in the county of Durham, and ed. at Camb., he settled as a physician in London, where he soon acquired a large practice. He was a zealous Whig, the friend of Addison and, though of different political views, of Pope, and he ended his career as physician to George I., by whom he was knighted in 1714. He is remembered as the author of The Dispensary, a satire, which had great popularity in its day, and of Claremont, a descriptive poem. He also ed. a translation of Ovid's Metamorphoses, to which Addison, Pope, and others contributed. Perhaps, however, the circumstance most honourable to him is his intervention to procure an honourable burial for Dryden, over whose remains he pronounced a eulogy.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Gaskell, Elizabeth Cleghorn

​Gaskell, Elizabeth Cleghorn (Stevenson) (1810-1865). Novelist, dau. of William Stevenson, a Unitarian minister, and for some time Keeper of the Treasury Records. She m. William G., a Unitarian minister, at Manchester, and in 1848 pub. anonymously her first book, Mary Barton, in which the life and feelings of the manufacturing working classes are depicted with much power and sympathy. Other novels followed, Lizzie Leigh (1855), Mr. Harrison's Confessions (1865), Ruth (1853), Cranford (1851-3), North and South (1855), Sylvia's Lovers (1863), etc. Her last work was Wives and Daughters (1865), which appeared in the Cornhill ​Magazine, and was left unfinished. Mrs. G. had some of the characteristics of Miss Austen, and if her style and delineation of character are less minutely perfect, they are, on the other hand, imbued with a deeper vein of feeling. She was the friend of Charlotte Bronté (q.v.), to whom her sympathy brought much comfort, and whose Life she wrote. Of Cranford Lord Houghton wrote, "It is the finest piece of humoristic description that has been added to British literature since Charles Lamb."
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Gatty, Mrs. Alfred

​Gatty, Mrs. Alfred (Margaret Scott) (1809-1873).—Dau. of Rev. A. J. Scott, D.D., a navy chaplain, who served under, and was the trusted friend of, Nelson. She m. the Rev. Alfred Gatty, D.D., Ecclesfield, Yorkshire, and became a highly useful and popular writer of tales for young people. Among her books may be mentioned Parables from Nature, Worlds not Realised, Proverbs Illustrated, and Aunt Judy's Tales. She also conducted Aunt Judy's Magazine, and wrote a book on British sea-weeds. Juliana Ewing (q.v.) was her daughter.
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# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Gauden, John

​Gauden, John (1605-1662).—Theologian, b. at Mayfield in Essex, and ed. at Camb. His claim to remembrance rests on his being the reputed author of Eikon Basiliké (the Royal Image), a book purporting to be written by Charles I. during his imprisonment, and containing religious meditations and defences of his political acts. Pub. immediately after the King's execution, it produced an extraordinary effect, so much so that Charles II. is reported to have said that, had it been pub. a week earlier, it would have saved his father's life. There seems now to be little doubt that Gauden was the author. At all events he claimed to be recompensed for his services, and was made Bishop successively of Exeter and Worcester, apparently on the strength of these claims. The work passed through 50 ed. within a year, and was answered by Milton in his Iconoclastes (the Image-breaker).
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# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Gascoigne, George

​Gascoigne, George 1525 or 1535-1577).—Poet and dramatist, s. of Sir John G., and descended from Sir William G., the famous Chief Justice to Henry IV., he was ed. at Camb., and entered Gray's Inn 1555. While there he produced two plays, both translations, The Supposes (1566) from Ariosto, and Jocasta (1566) from Euripides. Disinherited on account of his prodigality, he m., in order to rehabilitate his finances, a widow, the mother of Nicholas Breton (q.v.). He had, nevertheless, to go to Holland to escape from the importunities of his creditors. While there he saw service under the Prince of Orange, and was taken prisoner by the Spaniards. Released after a few months, he returned to England, and found that some of his poems had been surreptitiously pub. He thereupon issued an authoritative ed. under the title of An Hundred Sundrie Floures bound up in one Poesie (1572). Other works are Notes of Instruction, for making English verse, The Glasse of Government (1575), and The Steele Glasse (1576), a satire. He also contributed to the entertainments in honour of Queen Elizabeth at Kenilworth and appears to have had a share of Court favour. G. was a man of originality, and did much to popularise the use of blank verse in England.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Gay, John

​Gay, John (1685-1732).—Poet and dramatist, b. near Barnstaple of a good but decayed family. His parents dying while he was a child he was apprenticed to a silk-mercer in London, but not liking the trade, was released by his master. In 1708 he pub. a poem, Wine, and in 1713 Rural Sports, which he dedicated to Pope, whose friendship he obtained. A little before this he had received an appointment as sec. in the houseohld of the Duchess of Monmouth. His next attempts were in the drama, in which he was not at first successful; but about 1714 he made his first decided hit in The Shepherd's Week, a set of six pastorals designed to satirise Ambrose Philips, which, however, secured public approval on their own merits. These were followed by Trivia (1716), in which he was aided by Swift, an account in mock heroic verse of the dangers of the London streets, and by The Fan. G. had always been ambitious of public employment, and his aspirations were gratified by his receiving the appointment of sec. to an embassy to Hanover, which, however, he appears to have resigned in a few months. He then returned to the drama in What d'ye call It, and Three Hours after Marriage, neither of which, however, took the public fancy. In 1720 he pub. a collection of his poems, which brought him £1000. ​but soon after lost all his means in the collapse of the South Sea Company. After producing another drama, The Captive, he pub. his Fables (1727), which added to his reputation, and soon after, in 1728, achieved the great success of his life in The Beggar's Opera, a Newgate pastoral, suggested by Swift, in which the graces and fantasticalities of the Italian Opera were satirised. A sequel, Polly, was suppressed by the Lord Chamberlain as reflecting upon the Court, but was pub. and had an enormous sale. The last few years of his life were passed in the household of the Duke of Queensberry, who had always been his friend and patron. He d. after three days' illness, aged 47. G. was an amiable, easy-going man, who appears to have had the power of attracting the strong attachments of his friends, among whom were Pope and Swift. He seems to have been one of the very few for whom the latter had a sincere affection. He is buried in Westminster Abbey. Of all he has written he is best remembered by one or two songs, of which the finest is Black-eyed Susan.
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# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Garnett, Richard

​Garnett, Richard (1835-1906).—Biographer and writer on literature, s. of Richard G., an assistant keeper of Printed Books in the British Museum. B. at Lichfield, and ed. at a school in Bloomsbury, he entered the British Museum in 1851 as an assistant librarian. There he remained for nearly 50 years, and rose to be Keeper of Printed Books. He acquired a marvellous knowledge of books, and of everything connected with pure literature. He made numerous translations from the Greek, German, Italian, Spanish, and Portuguese, and wrote books of graceful verse, The Twilight of the Gods and other Tales (1888), various biographical works on Carlyle, Milton, Blake, and others, The Age of Dryden, a History of Italian Literature, and contributed many articles to encyclopædias, and to the Dictionary of National Biography.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Garrison, William Lloyd

​Garrison, William Lloyd (1805-1879).—Orator, was b. at Newburyport, Mass. Though chiefly known for his eloquent advocacy of negro emancipation, he is also remembered for his Sonnets and other Poems (1847).
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Bell, Charles

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​BELL. (Commander, 1830. f-p., 16; h-p., 17.)
Charles Bell died in 1844. He was second son of the late Matthew Bell, Esq., of Woolsington, High Sheriff of Northumberland in 1797, by Sarah Frances, daughter of Chas. J. Brandling, Esq., of Gosforth House, in that co., formerly M.P. for Newcastle-upon-Tyne; next brother of the present Matthew Bell, Esq., of Woolsington, M.P. for the southern division of Northumberland, and a Deputy-Lieutenant; and brother-in-law of Sir John Jas. Walsham, Bart., of Knill Court, co. Hereford.
This officer entered the Navy, 2 May, 1812, as Third-cl. Vol., on board the Bulwark 74, Capt. Jas. Andrew Worth, bearing the flag in Basque Roads of Sir Philip Chas. Durham; served, from Dec. 1813, to March, 1814, latterly as Midshipman, in the Porcupine 24, and Surveillante 38, both commanded by Capt. Robt. Elliott, on the north coast of Spain; afterwards joined the Eurotas 38, Capts. Robt. Bloye and Jas. Lillicrap, cruizing off Cork; was next, between July, 1815, and Jan. 1818, transferred, in succession, to the Severn 40, Capt. Joseph Nourse, Malta 80, Capt. Thos. Gordon Caulfeild, and Tigris 36, Capt. Robt. Henderson, on the Home station; and then sailed for the East Indies in the Liverpool 40, Capt. Fras. Augustus Collier, under whom we find him, in Jan. 1820, actively employed against the pirates of the Persian Gulf, where Ras-al-Khyma, their principal resort and head-quarters, was taken, the fortifications destroyed, all their vessels burnt or sunk, and a large quantity of treasure seized. In May, 1821, Mr. Bell returned home, as Acting-Lieutenant, in the Alligator, Capt. Jas. Wilkie; and, on 9 Nov. following, he was officially promoted. He subsequently joined the Revenge 76, flag-ship in the Mediterranean of Sir Harry Burrard Neale, 20 March, 1823; served from 16 Nov. 1826, until Oct. 1827, on board the Ariadne 26, Capt. Adolphus FitzClarence, on the same station; then removed to the Cambrian 48, Capt. Gawen Wm. Hamilton, in time to act a part in the battle of Navarin; and was finally wrecked, 31 Jan. 1828. He obtained a second promotal commission 23 July, 1830; and, from 29 Sept. 1841, until the period of his death, commanded the Hazard 18, on the East India station.
Commander Bell married, first, his cousin, Mary, youngest daughter of the Rev. Ralph Henry Brandling, of Gosforth House, a Magistrate and Deputy-Lieutenant for the cos. of York (W.R.), Northumberland, and Durham; and, secondly, another cousin, Rachel, fourth daughter of Robt. Wm. Brandling, Esq., of Low Gosforth, barrister-at-law. Agents – Hallett and Robinson.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Bellairs, John Henry

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​BELLAIRS. (Lieut., 1813. f-p., 18; h-p., 26.)
John Henry Bellairs is brother of Lieut. W. T. Bellairs, R.N.
This officer entered the Navy, 29 Oct. 1803, as Midshipman, on board the Goliath 74, Capt. Chas. Brisbane, employed on the Home station, and, in May, 1805, accompanied that gallant officer into the Akethusa 38. Proceeding in the latter ship to the West Indies, he assisted, in company with the Anson, at the capture, 23 Aug. 1806, near the Havana, after a spirited action, in which the Arethusa had 2 men killed and 32 wounded, of the Pomona Spanish frigate, of 38 guns and 347 men, laden with specie and merchandize, and defended by a castle mounting 11 36-pounders, and a flotilla of 10 gun-boats, all of which were destroyed; and, in Jan. 1807, was present at the brilliant reduction of Curaçoa. In Oct. following Mr. Bellairs returned home, as a Supernumerary, in the Chichester store-ship, Capt. Jas. Tait; and after an attachment of a few weeks to the Aetna bomb, lying in the Thames, became Master’s Mate, in April, 1808, of the Bonne Citoyenne 20, Capts. John Thompson and Wm. Mounsey, under whom we find him engaged in active co-operation with the patriots on the coast of Spain. Joining, in June, 1809, the Caledonia 120, bearing the flags successively of Admiral Lord Gambler and of Rear-Admirals Fras. Pickmore and Sir Harry Neale, he commanded the gun-boats Nos. 1 and 4, of the red division, under Capts. Philip Carteret and Rich. Plummer Davies, during the ensuing expedition to the Scheldt; and, from April to Aug. 1810, at which period he passed his examination, was employed, as Master’s Mate, with the flotilla at the defence of Cadiz. He removed with Sir Harry Neale, in April, 1811, to the Boyne 98, from which ship he was transferred, on 12 June, as Acting-Lieutenant, to the Pompée 74, Capt. Sir Jas. Athol Wood, off L’Orient. Being superseded, however, in the following August, he served, as Midshipman, in the Ulysses 44, off Jersey and Lisbon, Impétueux 74, bearing the flags of Admirals Brown and Geo. Martin, and Stately 64, Capt. Chas. Inglis, until at length promoted, 30 Sept. 1813, into the San Juan 74, as Flag-Lieutenant to Rear-Admiral Sam. Hood Linzee, then at Gibraltar. He invalided home in March, 1814, and continued unemployed until 25 Sept. 1837, when he accepted an appointment in the Coast Guard, which he resigned in 1845. He has since been unemployed.
Lieut. Bellairs is the original inventor of a plan for distinguishing steam-vessels of all nations by a code of coloured lights. He is married, and has issue.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Bellairs, Waleford Thomas

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​BELLAIRS. (Lieut., 1819. f-p., 19; h-p., 19.)
Waleford Thomas Bellairs is brother of Lieut. J. H. Bellairs, R.N.
This officer entered the Royal Naval College 23 March, 1809, and embarked, 24 March, 1812, as Fst.-cl. Vol., on board the Asia 74, Capt. Geo. Scott, employed off Cherbourg and in the West Indies. From Jan. 1814, until the receipt of his commission, which bears date 12 May, 1819, he served as Midshipman and Acting-Lieutenant, on the latter, and on the Home, Mediterranean, and North American stations, of the Rota 38, Capt. Philip Somerville, Thais 20, Capt. Henry Weir, Albion 74, Capt. Jas. Walker, Orontes 36, Capt. Nat. Day Cochrane, Leander 50, commanded by Capt. Edw. Chetham, at the battle of Algiers, and afterwards flag-ship of Sir David Milne, and Grasshopper 18, Capt. Henry Forbes. He obtained an appointment in the Coast Guard 18 May, 1838, and since 12 Jan. 1842 – with the exception of a few months in 1844, when he belonged to the Ocean 80, guardship at Sheerness, Capt. Peter Fisher – has been employed as Admiralty Agent in a Contract Mail steam-vessel.
Lieut. Bellairs is married. Agents – Messrs. Ommanney.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Belson, Henry Fage

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​BELSON. (Retired Commander, 1845. f-p., 21; h-p., 26.)
Henry Fage Belson entered the Navy, 18 Dec. 1800, as Fst.-cl. Vol., on board the Ruby 64, Capt. Solomon Ferris, lying in the Downs; accompanied that officer, the year following, into the Thunderer 74; and, after serving for a few months in the Leander 50, bearing the flag of Sir Andrew Mitchell in North America, there attained the rating of Midshipman, 1 Dec. 1802, in the Lily 16, Capt. Wm. Compton. He afterwards became successively attached to the Driver sloop, Cambrian 40, Capts. John Poo Beresford, John Nairne, and Peter Puget (in which ship he assisted at the capture, June and 3 July, 1805, of the privateers Maria, of guns and 60 men, and Matilda, of 20 guns and 95 men), and Theseus 74, Capt. J. P. Beresford, employed in the Channel and off Ferrol. He was made Lieutenant, 7 March, 1808, into the Vulture sloop, Capts. Joseph Pearce and Martin White, on the Jersey station, and subsequently received the following appointments : – 31 Dec. 1808, to the Diomede 50, flag-ship off Guernsey of Rear-Admiral D’Auvergne, Duke de Bouillon, in which he afterwards proceeded to the East Indies – 15 April, 1812, as First, to the Briton 38, Capt. Sir Thos. Staines, serving in the Channel and off Bordeaux – 14 Jan. 1814, to the Ulysses 44, Capt. Thos. Browne, fitting at Plymouth – 11 Feb. 1814, to the Sybille 44, Capt. Thos. Forrest, from which frigate, after cruizing off Madeira, and proceeding to Greenland in search of the American Commodore, John Rodgers, he was paid off, 18 April, 1815 – 29 Oct. 1819, again as Senior Lieutenant, to the Phaeton 46, Capt. Aug. Wm. Montagu, on the Halifax station, which ship was placed out of commission 23 Sept. 1822 – and, 17 Dec. 1825, in the same capacity, to the Prince Regent 120, flag-ship at the Nore of Sir Robt. Moorsom. He was superseded in 1827; subsequently commanded, from 30 Aug. 1830, to April, 1833, the Confiance steam-vessel 2, on the Falmouth station; and, on 18 Jan. 1845, was placed on the list of Retired Commanders.