OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The New York Times/1918/11/11/Warns Lloyd George of Wilson's Mistake

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WARNS LLOYD GEORGE OF WILSON'S "MISTAKE"
London Paper Sees Possibility of Grave Consequences in Result of General Election.
Copyright, 1918, by The New York Times Company.
Special Cable to The New York Times.
LONDON, Nov. 10.—Efforts made in the House of Commons to extract definite information respecting the Government's intentions relative to a general election failed to do more than to obtain from Bonar Law an assurance that the amount of time given by the Government to the subject was infinitesimal. Various speakers suggested that it was always the Prime Minister's prerogative to decide a question, and that Lloyd George would not be exceeding his privileges if he surprised even his colleagues.
One member of Parliament said that the date had not been fixed, that it hung on the events at the front. To the inquiry if the formula, "no armistice, no election," was correct, he replied that it was not, but that the converse was true: "If an armistice, then an election."
General opinion in the lobbies is that an election in December is a certainty.
Lloyd George is receiving some frank lectures from the Liberal press, which, with most of the provincial papers, is opposed to a snap election. The Westminster Gazette reinforces its arguments that "an election in these times is no mere matter of domestic politics; it will concern all our allies in the war, and may profoundly affect the course of international politics," by referring to what the Washington correspondent of The Morning Post describes as the mishap which has befallen President Wilson in the Congressional election:
"This first important reverse since he entered politics was due unquestionably to his ill-timed appeal to the country urging an election of a Democratic Congress and intimating that the Republicans ought not to be intrusted with the conduct of affairs."
The Westminster Gazette's comment is:
"Great men now and again make serious mistakes, and even President Wilson is human. Is our own Prime Minister quite sure he is not going to repeat the President#s mistake, or that the consequences may not be infinitely more serious to him and to the country than the corresponding consequences in America?"
Outside of political circles, the best opinion seems adverse to a general election, which may take place possibly to the thindering accompaniment of revolution in other countries, which may awaken echoes over here. There is a strong feeling that a Parliament elevated under existing conditions will not be thoroughly representative and consequently will have no mandate to give the real national verdict on the Government's handling of the reconstruction problems.
In that event, it is argued, Lloyd George might find success at the December election a panic victory. His confidence in his star is too full-bodied to be affected by timorous considerations of the more or less distant future.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Bear, Great and Little

Edition of 1905. See also the disclaimer.
​ BEAR, Great and Little. See Ursa Major and Ursa Minor.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Bear Animalcule

Edition of 1905. See also Tardigrade on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ BEAR ANIMALCULE, or WATER-BEAR. A minute creature related to the mites and other Arachnoids of the group Tardigrada (q.v.). These animals are generally found in wet moss or sand, often in company with rotifers.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Beau's Duel, The

Edition of 1905. See also Susanna Centlivre on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ BEAU'S DU′EL, The; or, A Soldier for the Ladies. A comedy by Susannah Centlivre, taken from Mayne's City Match. It was produced in October, 1702, at Lincoln's Inn Fields, and was printed in quarto in the same year.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Beau Sabreur, Le

Edition of 1905. See also Joachim Murat on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ BEAU SABREUR (bō̇ sȧ′brẽr′), Le (The Handsome Swordsman). A name applied to Murat.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Bearberry

Edition of 1905. See also the disclaimer.
​ BEAR′BER′RY. See Arctostaphylos.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Bear-Baiting

Edition of 1905. See also Bear-baiting on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ BEAR-BAITING. A sport which consisted of setting a pack of dogs upon a bear, which was usually tied to a stake. It was an established amusement in many countries. In England it was known as early as the reign of Henry II., but was prohibited by Parliament in 1835. Queen Elizabeth not only allowed them the benefit of her royal patronage, but attended the bear-baitings in person. The Puritans hated the sport, “not because it gave pain to the bear,” as Macaulay has recorded, “but because it gave pleasure to the spectators.” The place where bears were kept and publicly baited were called bear-gardens. “Looks like a bear-garden,” is a common English expression used to this day to designate any disarranged or ill-kept room or grounds.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Bean-Weevil

Edition of 1905. See also the disclaimer.
​ BEAN-WEEVIL. A small, dark-colored downy beetle (Bruchus fabæ), which infests dried beans. See Weevil.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Beaurepaire-Rohan, Henriques de

Edition of 1905. See also Henrique de Beaurepaire-Rohan on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ BEAUREPAIRE-ROHAN, bō̇′r’-pâr′ rō̇′äN′, Henriques de (c.1818-94). A Brazilian traveler and geographer, born in the Province of Piauhy of French extraction. In 1845 he began the exploration of territory south of Rio de Janeiro. He penetrated into Paraguay, subsequently publishing the results of his exploration in the work entitled Descripção de uma viagem de Cuyabá ao Rio de Janeiro (1846). Afterwards he was appointed by the Brazilian Government to collect statistical information on the interior provinces of the country. He later became lieutenant-general in the Brazilian Army, and in 1877 published the important geographical work entitled Etudios acerca da organização da carta geographica e da historia physica e politica do Brazil (1877).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Bean-Tree

Edition of 1905. See also the disclaimer.
​ BEAN-TREE. See Laburnum.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Young Germany

Edition of 1905. See also Young Germany on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
YOUNG GERMANY. The name given to a group of German writers, of whom Heine (q.v.) was the most famous, which in the third decade of the nineteenth century initiated a revolt against the prevailing spirit of romanticism in the national literature, which had resulted in a total separation of literature from the actualities of life. Against the dominant spirit of absolutism in politics and obscurantism in religion the writers of this school maintained the principles of democracy, socialism, and rationalism. Among many things they advocated the separation of Church and State, the emancipation of the Jews, and the raising of the political and social position of women. In 1835 the Federal Diet issued a decree forbidding the publication of the works of Heine, Gutzkow, Laube, Mundt, and Wienbarg (qq.v.).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Young Ireland

Edition of 1905. See also Young Ireland on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
YOUNG IRELAND. A party which had its rise during the agitation for the repeal of the Act of Union carried on by O'Connell (q.v.) after 1841, and differing from that great leader in their advocacy of forcible means for the attainment of their demands. The break between the Young Ireland Party and the conservative section became definite about the year 1844. Those who took a prominent part in the movement were Thomas Osborne Davis (q.v.), Gavan Duffy (q.v.), John Mitchel, Thomas Francis Meagher (q.v.), John Blake Dillon, and William Smith O'Brien (q.v.). In the Nation, the organ of the party, the people of Ireland were repeatedly called upon to revolt, and in the
stormy year 1848 the British Government grew alarmed, Mitchel was arrested and deported to Tasmania, whereupon the other leaders of the Young Irelanders set to work with renewed activity to bring about an uprising. The attempted insurrection, however, failed miserably, and the leaders were all speedily arrested. Meagher and O'Brien were sentenced to death, but the sentence was commuted to transportation. The movement therewith quickly collapsed. See Ireland.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Youmans, Edward Livingston

Edition of 1905. See also Edward L. Youmans on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
YOUMANS, yo͞o′manz, Edward Livingston (1821-87). An American scientist, born at Coeymans, N. Y. When only seventeen years old, he was afflicted with a malady of the eyes from which he suffered during the remainder of his life. Despite this handicap, however, he managed to acquire a good education. In 1845 his sister, Eliza Ann Youmans, became his reader and amanuensis, and with her aid he undertook the study of chemistry. In 1851 he prepared a Chemical Chart which won such favor that the next year he published a Class-Book of Chemistry. From that time on he devoted himself with remarkable success to popularizing science. He became a lecturer, founded (1872) and until his death edited the Popular Science Monthly magazine, planned the publication of the “International Scientific Series,” by means of which works by the greatest scientists of all nations were published simultaneously in the principal modern languages, and introduced the works of Herbert Spencer and of other British scientists to American readers. Among his own publications are: Handbook of Household Science (1857); The Correlation and Conservation of Forces (1864); and Culture Demanded by Modern Life (1867).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Yukon River

Edition of 1905. See also Yukon River on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
YUKON RIVER. One of the largest rivers of North America. It is formed at Fort Selkirk, Yukon Territory, Canada, by the junction of the Lewes and Pelly rivers, and flows northwestward into Alaska, which it traverses in a southwest direction, finally turning west and emptying into the Bering Sea through a large delta on the south shore of Norton Sound (Map: Alaska, D 3). Its total length, including the Lewes, is, according to a recent report of the United States Geological Survey, 1865 miles. The Lewes, which is generally considered the upper course of the main stream, rises in a cluster of lakes (Lindeman, Bennett) in the extreme northwestern corner of British Columbia and on the northern foot of the Chilkoot Pass and flows northward to the Pelly confluence at Fort Selkirk. The upper courses of the river and its tributaries generally flow through narrow valleys inclosed between mountains of moderate elevation, and in some places taking the form of cañons. In Alaska the river flows for hundreds of miles through level, moss-covered tundras, where the width, between its low, marshy banks, is from one to two miles, though its depth is not great. The delta is of vast extent, having an area, including the portion inclosed by the Kashunuk arm, of 9000
square miles. The volume of discharge of the Yukon has been thought to be fully two-thirds that of the Mississippi, and great quantities of sediment are brought down. There are 26 outlets over 200 yards wide and numerous smaller channels. All of them, however, are silted up, with a depth of only two to nine feet on the bars, while the sea for many miles from shore is only a few feet deep. Sea-going steamers cannot, therefore, enter the river, but proceed to the harbor of Saint Michael, about 70 miles to the north, where they unload into stern-wheel steamers, many of them of majestic size, which ply regularly in summer to Dawson. A fleet of “upper river” steamboats runs between Dawson and the White Horse Rapids, where a portage effects a union with the third section of river navigation—from Miles Cañon to Bennett. Navigation is continuous (although hampered by rapids) between the White Horse and the mouth of the river. The current is over most parts very swift, and the descent very rapid. From Dawson to the sea, about 1400 miles, the fall is on the average nearly a foot per mile. The navigation of the whole river is free to Canadian vessels; the navigable season is comprised between the months of June and September or October. The chief settlement on the Yukon is Dawson, at the confluence of Klondike Creek, the centre of the gold-mining region. The largest tributaries join the main stream in Alaska. They are the Porcupine, the Koyukuk, and the Tanana. See Yukon Gold-Fields. For bibliography see Alaska.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Young, Brigham

Edition of 1905. See also Brigham Young on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
YOUNG, Brigham (1801-77). The successor of Joseph Smith, Jr., as president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints. (See Mormons.) He was born in Whitingham, Windham County, Vt., June 1, 1801. He removed to Mendon, Monroe County, N. Y., and was baptized into the Mormon Church April 14, 1832. Appointed an elder, he first met the Prophet Joseph at Kirtland, Ohio. After a successful mission to Canada he went to Missouri in the ‘Army of Zion.’ Elected as one of the original Quorum of Twelve in 1835, he was called to preach to the Indians, and finally started on a mission to the Eastern States. In 1840 he was sent to Liverpool to assist Apostles John Taylor and Wilford Woodruff (qq.v.) in the English mission and became an editor of the Millennial Star. Upon the apostasy of T. B. Marsh, Young was left president of the Twelve, and held this position until his election as president of the Church, December 5, 1847. After the murder of Smith in 1844 Young remonstrated with the Mormons for their depredations in Missouri, and in turn demanded fair treatment from the Quincy Committee upon the expulsion of the Mormons from Illinois. The next year, having vainly sought Federal aid from President Polk, he urged the Saints to move somewhere west of the Rocky Mountains. In February, 1846, he was himself a member of the first party to leave Nauvoo, but stayed in winter quarters on the Missouri till the following January. Then he promulgated his first and only ‘revelation,’ to be found in the Book of Doctrine and Covenants. Reaching the Salt Lake Valley in 1848, he selected the site of the temple. Young's power over his followers was now shown by his prohibition of gold-mining, by his organization of the ill-fated hand-cart expedition, and by his election as Governor of the State of Deseret in 1849. The following year he was appointed by President Fillmore as Federal Governor of the Territory of Utah. Young's choice of his own ward bishops enabled him to control all local affairs and receive the bulk of the tithes. His suppression of the schismatic Gladdenites in 1853 led him to further steps against the exodus of the discontented, such as the murder of W. R. Parish, the organization of the ‘Wolf Hunters,’ and the instituting of ‘blood atonement.’ Defying the United States authorities sent out by President Buchanan in the so-called Mormon War of 1857, and indicted for treason after the Mountain Meadows massacre (q.v.), Young was nevertheless let alone by the Central Government. About this time he made his sole contribution to the body of Mormon divinity, the doctrine of the worship of Adam as God. In 1866 Young founded the Zion's Cooperative Mercantile Institution. In 1871 the case against him for unlawful cohabitation was dropped as unconstitutional, but the divorce suit brought by Ann Eliza Young, known
as wife ‘No. 19,’ was sustained. Young died August 29, 1877, and was reputed to have left between $2,000,000 and $3,000,000, 24 widows, and 44 children.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Young Europe

Edition of 1905. See also Young Europe on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
YOUNG EUROPE. An international association formed in 1834 on the model of Mazzini's Young Italy (q.v.). It was composed of the national societies of Young Italy; Young Poland, and Young Germany, which, independent in their own sphere, acted in common, through a central committee, for the furthering of the principles of liberty, equality, and humanity in Europe. The headquarters of the society were in Switzerland, where, in 1835-36, was brought about the organization of a French society, Young France. The activity of the society speedily aroused the opposition of the Swiss authorities, who expelled many of its members from the country. Its influence quickly disappeared.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Young Italy

Edition of 1905. See also Young Italy (historical) on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
YOUNG ITALY. A society organized by Mazzini (q.v.) in 1831 for the purpose of effecting the liberation of the Italian peninsula from Austrian domination and its union under a republican form of government. As distinguished from the Carbonari (q.v.), the new society sought to attain its aims by a campaign of agitation and open insurrection rather than by conspiracy. It first became openly active in the beginning of 1834, when occurred the abortive invasion of Savoy by Mazzini. Before this, however, the Sardinian Government had obtained full cognizance of the movement through its spies and had entered upon a course of severe repression, a number of the leaders being put to death and others being subjected to imprisonment and exile. The impracticable character of Mazzini made it evident that a successful revolution was impossible, and the society rapidly declined in influence, its place being taken by the more conservative national movement of which the Sardinian monarch was coming to assume the leadership. The society, nevertheless, did great good in quickening the spirit of Italian patriotism, and to a very large extent made the work of Victor Emmanuel and Cavour possible. It was the model for a number of revolutionary societies throughout Europe in the stormy period preceding the upheaval of 1848. See Young Europe; Italy.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Yung Wing

Edition of 1905. See also Yung Wing on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
YUNG WING (1828—). A Chinese scholar and educator. He was born near Macao, of humble parentage, entered a mission at eight years of age, and later the Morrison School, under the Rev. S. R. Brown, and was by him brought to America in 1847. He became a Christian, and devoted his life to the welfare of China. He graduated at Yale College (1854), the first of his race to take a degree from an American college. He conceived a plan for having Chinese youth of promise brought to America for education. He returned to China in 1855. In 1871 his plan was adopted by the Government, and the sum of $1,500,000 granted. He was made chief commissioner of the Chinese educational mission, and then placed 112 Chinese young men under a fifteen years' course of instruction in the United States. He was made a mandarin of the second grade, intendant of the Province of Kiangsu, and was for a while Associate Minister to the United States. He returned to the United
States in June, 1902, and has since resided in Hartford, Conn.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Youmans, William Jay

Edition of 1905. See also William Jay Youmans on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
YOUMANS, William Jay (1838-1901). An American scientist, born at Milton, N. Y., brother of Edward Livingston Youmans (q.v.). He studied chemistry under his brother and at Columbia and Yale, then took a course in medicine at New York University, and in 1865 studied natural history under Huxley in London. On his return to the United States he settled at Winona, Minn., and practiced medicine for about three years. In 1872 he assisted his brother in establishing and subsequently was associated in editing the Popular Science Monthly. After his brother's death in 1887 he became its editor-in-chief. He edited Huxley's Lessons in Elementary Physiology, and wrote Pioneers of Science in America (1895).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Reighard, Jacob Ellsworth

Edition of 1905. See also Jacob Ellsworth Reighard on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​REIG'HARD, Jacob Ellsworth (1861— ). An American zoölogist, born at Laporte, Ind. He graduated at the University of Michigan in 1882, studied at Harvard and Freiburg, and after six years as instructor and assistant in zoölogy became in 1892 professor in the University of Michigan. He was in charge of the Michigan Fish Commission in 1890-94, and in 1898 was appointed director of the biological survey of the Great Lakes under the United States Fish Commission. He contributed to many technical journals, and in 1901 published in collaboration with Jennings The Anatomy of the Cat.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Rein, Wilhelm

Edition of 1905. See also Wilhelm Rein on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​REIN, Wilhelm (1847— ). A German educator and author, born at Eisenach. He studied at Heidelberg, Leipzig, and Jena, for several years was teacher at Weimar, and from 1876 to 1886 was principal of a school in Eisenach. In 1886 he was appointed professor of pedagogy at the University of Jena. Rein's system of education resembles Herbart's. He ranks among the foremost of educational theorists, and has exerted great influence on the educational institutions of his country. His principal works are Theorie und Praxis des Volksschulunterrichts (1879-93) and Pädagogik im Grundriss (1892). He edited Niemeyer's Grundsätze der Erziehung (1878-79), and founded the educational journal Pädagogische Studien in 1880.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Reign of Terror

Edition of 1905. See also Reign of Terror on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​REIGN OF TERROR. That period of the French Revolution beginning with the fall of the Girondists (q.v.) in June, 1793, and terminating with the overthrow of Robespierre (q.v.), July 27, 1794. See French Revolution.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Reinach, Joseph

Edition of 1905. See also Joseph Reinach on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​REINACH, rï'näK. Joseph (1856— ). A French publicist, born in Paris. He studied at tbe Lycée Condorcet and in the faculty of law of the University of Paris, was admitted to the bar in 1877, wrote for the Dix-neuvième Siècle and Gambetta's Republique Française, and in 1881-82 was private secretary to Gambetta, then president of the Cabinet council. Having reëntered Journalism, in 1886 he became proprietor with Deynarouse of the Republique Française, in which he supported the Union-Republican group. In 1889 he was elected as Liberal-Republican Deputy for Digne (Basses-AIpes), in 1893 was reëlected, but in 1898 failed of reëlection because of opposition to his attitude in the Dreyfus case. In the Chamber of Deputies he was a member of the committees on the budget and on the army, and took a prominent part in the legislative debates. He became departmental councilor of Basses-Alpes for the Canton of Moustiers in 1896. He appeared prominently in connection with the Dreyfus case, denounced the introduction of secret documents into the trial of 1894, the forgeries of Paty du Clam and Henry, and the complicity of the latter with Esterhazy, and was associated with Scheurer-Kestner in the movement for revision. He published on the case several pamphlets, including La voix de I'ile (1898), Les enseignements de I'histoire (1898), A l'ile du diable (1898), Vers la justice par Ia vérité (1898). Le crépuscule des traitres (1899), and Les faits nouveaux (1899), and the volumes Les bles d'hiver (1901), Histoire de I'affaire Dreyfus, Le procés de 1894 (1901), and Histoire de I'affaire Dreyfus, Esterhazy (1903). The brochure Les enseignements de I'histoire originally appeared in the Siécle, and caused Reinach to be expelled from his captaincy in the territorial army for "a gross offense against discipline" and to be deprived of the decoration of the Legion of Honor. Among his further publications are: La Servie et le Monténêgro (1876); Voyage en Orient (1879); Le ministére Gambetta (1884); Etudes de littérature et d'histoire (1888-89); and Les petites Catilinaires (1888-89), collected articles against Boulanger. He also edited the Discours et plaidoyers politiques de Gambetta (11 vols., 1881-85), and Dépêches, circulaires, décrets, proclamations et discours de Gambetta (1886).