OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Sheil, Justin

​SHEIL, Sir JUSTIN (1803–1871), general and diplomatist, son of Edward Sheil, and brother of Richard Lalor Sheil ​[q. v.], was born at Bellevue House, near Waterford, on 2 Dec. 1803. Educated at Stonyhurst, he was nominated to an East India cadetship. On arriving in India he was posted as ensign to the 3rd Bengal infantry (4 March 1820). Exchanged to the 35th Bengal infantry, of which he became adjutant, he was present at the siege of Bhurtpore (1826). Becoming a captain on 13 April 1830, he was on 4 July 1833 appointed second in command of the disciplined troops in Persia under Major Pasmore, who had specially recommended him to Lord W. Bentinck for this service. ‘He is sensible and well-informed,’ Pasmore wrote, ‘and his temper is mild and conciliatory.’ On 16 Feb. 1836 he was appointed secretary to the British legation in Persia, and in 1844 he succeeded Sir John McNeill [q. v.] as envoy and minister at the shah's court. That position he held till his retirement in 1854. He had been promoted to the rank of major on 17 Feb. 1841, and became a major-general in 1859. In 1848 he was created a C.B., and in 1855 a K.C.B. He died in London on 18 April 1871. He married a daughter of Stephen Woulfe, chief baron of the Irish exchequer. Lady Sheil died in 1869.
Besides contributing notes on ‘Koords, Turkomans, Nestorians, Khiva,’ &c., to a book called ‘Glimpses of Life and Manners in Persia’ (London, 1856), written by his wife, he published in vol. viii. of the ‘Royal Geographical Society's Journal’ ‘Notes of a Journey from Kurdistan to Suleimaniyeh in 1836,’ and ‘Itinerary from Tehran to Alamut in May 1837.’
[Times, 20 April 1871; Military Records at the India Office.]
S. E. W.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Shelburne, Earl of

​SHELBURNE, Earl of. [See Petty, William, first Marquis of Lansdowne, 1737-1805.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Sheils, Robert

​SHEILS, ROBERT (d. 1750), Dr. Johnson's amanuensis. [See Shiels.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Sheldon, Nathaniel

​SHELDON, NATHANIEL (1705–1780), jesuit. [See Elliot.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1901 supplement/Beale, Thomas Willert

​BEALE, THOMAS WILLERT (1828–1894), miscellaneous writer, only son of Frederick Beale (d. 1863), of the music publishing firm of Cramer, Beale, & Addison of Regent Street, was born in London in 1828. He was admitted student of Lincoln's Inn on 18 April 1860, and was called to the bar in 1863; but music claimed his interests, and, having received lessons from Edward Roeckel and others, he managed operas in London and the provinces, and toured with some of the most notable musicians of his time. Under the pseudonym of 'Walter Maynard,' which he frequently used, he wrote an account of one of these tours, with reminiscences of Mario, Grisi, Giuglini, Lablache, and others, entitled 'The Enterprising Impresario' (London, 1867). He originated the national music meetings at the Crystal Palace with the object of bringing meritorious young musicians to the front, and took a leading part in the institution of the New Philharmonic Society, at which Berlioz conducted some of his compositions by Beale's invitation. It was under his management that Thackeray came out as a lecturer. He wrote a large number of songs and pianoforte pieces, besides 'Instructions in the Art of Singing' (London, 1853), and a series of 'Music Copy Books' (London, 1871). In February 1877 he produced at the Crystal Palace a farce called 'The Three Years' System,' and a three-act drama, 'A Shadow on the Hearth;' an operetta, 'An Easter Egg,' was produced at Terry's Theatre in December 1893. His autobiography, 'The Light of other Days as seen through the wrong end of an Opera Glass,' was published in 2 vols., London, 1890. He died at Gipsy Hill on 3 Oct. 1894, and was buried at Norwood cemetery. Late in life he married the widow of John Robinson of Hong Kong; she was a good singer and musician.
[Autobiography as above; Musical News, 13 Oct. 1894; Musical Times, November 1894; Brown and Stratton's British Musical Biography.]
J. C. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1901 supplement/Beaufort, Edmund (1438?-1471)

​BEAUFORT, EDMUND, styled fourth Duke of Somerset (1438?–1471), born about 1438, was second of the three sons of Edmund Beaufort, second duke of Somerset [q. v.], by his wife Eleanor, daughter of Richard de Beauchamp, earl of Warwick [q. v.] After the defeat of the Lancastrians in 1461, Edmund was brought up in France with his younger brother John, and on the execution of his elder brother Henry Beaufort, third duke of Somerset [q. v. Suppl.], Edmund is said to have succeeded as fourth duke. He was so styled by the Lancastrians in February 1471, but his brother's attainder was never reversed, and his titles remained forfeit. In a proclamation dated 27 April 1471 Edmund is spoken of as 'Edmund Beaufort, calling himself duke of Somerset.' He returned from France when Edward IV was driven from the throne by Warwick's defection, and on 4 May 1471 commanded the van of the Lancastrian army at the battle of Tewkesbury, His position was almost unassailable (see plan in Ramsay, ii. 379), but, for some unknown reason, after the battle began he moved down from the heights and attacked Edward IV's right flank. He was assailed by both the king and Richard, duke of Gloucester, and was soon put to flight, his conduct having practically decided the battle in favour of the Yorkists (Arrivall of Edward IV, Camden Soc. pp. 29-30; Warkworth, p. 18; Hall, p. 300). He was taken prisoner, and executed two days later, Monday, 6 May 1471; he was buried on the south side of Tewkesbury Abbey, under an arch (Dyde, Hist. and Antiq, of Tewkesbury, pp. 21-2). His younger brother John had been killed during the battle, and as both died unmarried, 'the house of Beaufort and all the honours to which they were entitled became extinct.'
A. F. P.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1901 supplement/Beal, Samuel

​BEAL, SAMUEL (1825–1889), Chinese scholar, born at Devonport on 27 Nov. 1825, was son of William Beal (d. 1872), a Wesleyan minister. He was educated at the Devonport classical school, and matriculated as a sizar at Trinity College, Cambridge, on 13 Nov. 1843. He graduated B.A. in 1847, and was ordained deacon in 1851 and priest in the following year. After serving as ​curate at Brooke in Norfolk and Sopley in Hampshire, he applied for the office of naval chaplain, and was appointed to H.M.S. Sybille in that capacity (8 Dec. 1852). Fortunately for students the Sybille was sent to the China station, and, taking advantage of the opportunity thus offered him, he devoted his spare time to the study of the Chinese language. So proficient did he become in the colloquial as well as the literary dialect that during the war of 1858-8 he acted as naval interpreter. But his main object in studying the language was to qualify himself for the task of elucidating the dark phases of Chinese Buddhism. In this undertaking he was one of the pioneers, and happily left many of the results of his labours. On his return to England he was appointed chaplain to the marine artillery, and later to the Pembroke and Devonport dockyards in succession. He was at Devonport from 1873. In 1877 he was appointed rector of Falstone in Northumberland. Three years later he was transferred to Wark in the same county, and ultimately (1888) to Greens Norton in Northamptonshire. In all these changes of scene he remained constant to his Chinese studies, and some of his best work was done in the country rectories which he occupied. In 1877 he was appointed professor of Chinese at University College, London, and in 1885 the degree of D.C.L. (Durham) was conferred upon him in recognition of the value of his researches into Chinese Buddhism. He died at Greens Norton on 20 Aug. 1889. Among his principal works were:
* 'The Travels of Fah-hian and Sung-yun; translated from the Chinese,' 1869.
* 'A Catena of Buddhist Scriptures from the Chinese,' 1871.
* 'The Romantic Legend of Sakya Buddha, from the Chinese,' 1875.
* 'Texts from the Buddhist Canon,' 1878.
* 'A Life of Buddha by Asvaghosha Bodhisattra; translated from the Chinese,' 1879.
* 'An Abstract of four Lectures on Buddhist Literature in China,' 1882.
[Boase's Collectanea Cornubiensia; personal knowledge; information kindly given by Dr. Aldis Wright.]
R. K. D.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hullock, John

​HULLOCK, Sir JOHN (1767–1829), baron of the exchequer, son of Timothy Hullock, a master weaver and proprietor of a timber-yard at Barnard Castle, Durham, was born on 3 April 1767. In early life he is said to have been articled to an attorney at Stokesley in the North Riding. Subsequently, on the advice of `Jack' Lee, the well-known barrister, who was a friend of his uncle, he determined to seek his fortune at the bar, and, having been admitted a student of Gray's Inn in May 1788, became a pupil of George Sowley Holroyd, afterwards a justice of the king's bench. In 1792 Hullock published 'The Law of Costs' (London, 8vo, 2 vols.), a second edition of which, with considerable additions, appeared in 1810 (London, 8vo, 2 vols.) On being called to the bar in May 1794, Hullock joined the northern circuit, and by slow degrees gradually acquired a considerable practice. He was made a serjeant-at-law on 18 June 1816. With Scarlett, Cross, and Littledale he conducted the prosecution on behalf of the crown against Henry Hunt and his associates at Manchester in March 1820, and in July of the same year took part in the proceedings against Andrew Hardie at Stirling, in spite of Jeffrey's objection that he was not qualified to appear (Reports of State Trials, 1888, new ser. i. 649-67). On the resignation of Sir George Wood, Hullock was appointed a baron of the exchequer, took his seat on the bench for the first time on 16 April 1823 (Price, Reports, xii. 1), and was knighted on the 21st of the same month (London Gazettes, 1823, i. 651). After holding the office of judge for little more than six years he was seized with a sudden illness while on circuit, and, dying at Abingdon on 31 July 1829, aged 65, was buried in the family vault at Barnard Castle. His widow survived him many years, and died on 18 Nov. 1852.
Hullock was a sound and industrious lawyer, and a humane and charitable man. There is a curious anecdote of his conduct at the bar. In a cause which he led he was particularly instructed not to produce a certain deed unless it should be absolutely necessary. This injunction he disregarded, and produced the deed, which proved to have been forged by his client's attorney, seated behind him at the time. The judge, Sir John Bayley [q.v.], ordered the deed to be impounded that it might be made the subject of a prosecution. Hullock requested leave to inspect it, and on its being handed to him immediately returned it to his bag. The judge remonstrated, but Hullock emphatically refused (as he said) to 'put the life of a fellow-creature in peril' by restoring the deed. Bayley declined taking decisive measures till he had consulted with the associate judge, and in his absence the deed was destroyed, and the attorney escaped (Law Mag. ii. 709). Hullock was recorder of Berwick for several years, but resigned that office upon becoming serjeant-at-law in 1816, when he was succeeded by Christopher Cookson. There is a portrait of Hullock in the hall of Gray's Inn (Douthwaite, 1886, p. 441).
G. F. R. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hulme, Frederick William

​HULME, FREDERICK WILLIAM (1816–1884), landscape-painter, born at Swinton in Yorkshire in 1816, was son of an artist, from whom he received instruction until he devoted himself to the study of the figure. He made his first appearance as an exhibitor with a landscape at Birmingham in 1841, and, with very rare exceptions, his contributions were invariably landscapes. These were fresh in colour and careful in drawing, much resembling the style of Creswick. In 1844 he came to London, where for a time he worked at designing for engravers, especially for the 'Art Journal' and other illustrated works. He paid many visits to Bettws-y-Coed, and some of his best-known works are views in that neighbourhood. He occasionally worked on pictures in conjunction with other artists, including H. B. Willis. He had a large practice as a teacher of drawing and painting, and published 'A Graduated Series of Drawing Copies on Landscape Subjects for Use of Schools,' 4 parts, 1850, ob. 4to. Hulme was a frequent exhibitor at the British Institution from 1845 to 1862, the Royal Manchester Institution from 1845, the Royal Academy from 1852 till 1884, and at smaller galleries. He died at Kensington on 14 Nov. 1884.
[Athenæum, 22 Nov. 1884.]
A. N.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hulse, Edward (1631-1711)

​HULSE, EDWARD, M.D. (1631–1711), physician, a native of Cheshire, graduated M.A. at Emmanuel College, Cambridge, in 1660, and was ejected from the college for nonconformity soon after. His name appears in the Leyden register of students of medicine, under date 4 July 1668. He graduated M.D. there, became physician to the court of the Prince of Orange, and was incorporated M.D. at Oxford on 20 Dec. 1670, on the nomination of that prince. He joined the College of Physicians in 1675, became a fellow 1677, censor 1682, and subsequently Harveian orator 1704, and treasurer 1704 to 1709. He died on 3 Dec. 1711, in his eighty-first year, and is described in the annals of the college as 'a person of great skill in the practice of physick.' He married Dorothy, daughter of Thomas Westrow of Twickenham, by whom he was father of Sir Edward Hulse [q. v.]
C. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hullmandel, Charles Joseph

​HULLMANDEL, CHARLES JOSEPH (1789–1850), lithographer, son of a German musician, was born in London in 1789. After travelling on the continent, and making many sketches and studies, he turned his attention to lithography, and in 1818 published at Somers Town `Twenty-four Views of Italy,' drawn and lithographed by himself. Lithography, invented in Germany in 1796, was then little employed or understood in England. In order to learn the processes employed by Engelmann, then or afterwards a partner in the Paris firm of Engelmann, Coindet, & Co., Hullmandel entered in 1821 into an arrangement with him which proved unsatisfactory, and terminated in 1826. In the meantime he published a translation of Raucourt's `Manual of Lithography,' and in 1824 prepared his `Art of Drawing on Stone, giving a full explanation of the various styles, &c.' His practice and study resulted in the discovery of a new mode of preparing the stones, and in 1827 he issued a pamphlet `On some important Improvements in Lithographic Printing,' with illustrations to prove that he could retouch the stones, a point in which his process had been inferior to others. This pamphlet contained letters from Faraday and J.D. Harding [q. v.], testifying respectively to the complete novelty of his process and its superior artistic results. It was followed by another, `On some further Improvements, &c.,' in 1829. In the `Foreign Review' for July 1829 he was attacked in an article on ​'The History of Lithography,' written by Thomas Crofton Croker [q.v.], a partner of Engelmann, Coindet, &Co. He promptly replied in a pamphlet, in which he again asserted the originality of his process, and claimed to have contributed to the introduction of lithography into England, though backed by the exertions of Ward, Lane, and Harding. Among the many other artists who availed themselves of his processes for the reproduction of their drawings were Stanfield, David Roberts, Haghe, Nash, and Cattermole. With the last he was allied in the perfection of his invention of lithotint—the application of liquid ink to the stone with the brush. Among other improvements he made in the art of lithography were a graduated tint, the introduction of white in the high lights, and the use of the stump on the stone. He was employed on the illustrations for T. S. Boys's 'Picturesque Architecture in Paris,' Kent's 'Britannia Delineata,' and Pinelli's 'Roman Costumes.' He died in Great Marlborough Street, London, on 15 Nov. 1850.
C. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hulls, Jonathan

1904 Errata appended.
​HULLS or HULL, JONATHAN (fl. 1737), inventor, was born at Campden, Gloucestershire, in 1699. He was the first who attempted practically to employ steam in propelling a vessel in water. His experiments were made on the Avon at Evesham in 1737, the main idea being to have a Newcomen engine—the only sort then known—on a tow-boat in front of the vessel which it was intended to propel, and connected with it by a tow-rope. Six paddles in the stern of the tow-boat were fastened to a cross axis connected by ropes to another axis which was turned by the engine. Hulls undoubtedly showed how to convert the rectilineal motion of a piston-rod into a rotatory motion, which ​is an essential principle in steam locomotion whether on land or water. But Hulls's experiment was a failure, and only excited derision.
The patent for his invention is dated 21 Dec. 1736, and his account of it appeared in a book (12mo, London, 1737) entitled 'Description and Draught of a new-invented Machine for carrying Vessels or Ships out of or into any Harbour, Port, or River against Wind and Tide, or in a Calm; for which his Majesty has granted Letters-patent for the sole benefit of the Author for the space of fourteen years.' The book, which is very rare, was reprinted in facsimile in 1855. De Morgan says that Hulls's work 'in all probability gave suggestions to Symington as Symington did to Fulton,' and that Erasmus Darwin [q.v.] was thinking of Hulls when he prophesied that steam would soon 'drag the slow barge.' In 1754 Hulls published 'The Art of Measuring made Easy by the help of a new Sliding Scale;' he also wrote the 'Maltmakers' Instructor.'
[Quart. Rev. xix. 354, 355; Smiles's Lives of Boulton and Watt, pp. 72-4; De Morgan's Budget of Paradoxes, pp. 88, 254.]
R. E. A.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.162 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
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# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hulme, William

​HULME, WILLIAM (1631–1691), founder of Hulme's Charity, only son of William Hulme of Hulme in Reddish and Outwood in Prestwich, near Manchester, was born in 1631. When he was six years old he lost his father, and was left to the care of a bachelor uncle. It is supposed that he was educated at the Manchester grammar school, and that he subsequently went into trade and acquired considerable property. One writer (AlexanderKay,Letter, p. 5) thought that he had been brought up to the bar. He lived chiefly at Kersley, near Bolton, and was married at Prestwich, on 2 Aug. 1653, to Elizabeth, daughter of Ralph Robinson of Kersley, by whom he had an only son, Banastre Hulme, born in 1658, and buried at Manchester on 11 Sept. 1673. William Hulme died on 29 Oct. 1691, and was buried in the Hulme Chapel, founded by one of his ancestors, in the Manchester Collegiate Church. By his will, dated five days before his death, he left the reversion of his estates for the foundation of exhibitions for four poor bachelors of arts at Brasenose College, Oxford, to be held for four years after the date of their degree. It was ascertained by depositions made by his friends that he intended the exhibitions to be enjoyed by Lancashire scholars. The revenues of the trust, by reason of the principal portion of the estates being situated in the heart of Manchester, gradually and largely increased in value; and the trustees, at various times between 1770 and 1839, obtained acts of parliament to extend the number of exhibitions, and otherwise to enlarge their powers. In 1827 they obtained authority to purchase advowsons of livings out of accumulated surplus money, and by a later enactment they were empowered to augment the endowments of any of their churches, and to perform other acts widely divergent from the objects of an educational trust. The administration of the trust gave rise to much public discussion, and at length a scheme of the charity commissioners for the resettlement of the foundation was approved by the queen in council on 26 Aug. 1881, providing for a governing body of a largely representative nature, to whom power was given to found new schools in Manchester, Oldham, and Bury, and a hall of residence for church of England students attending Owens College. The school at Manchester was opened in 1887, and in addition a sum of 1,000l. a year is paid from the trust fund to Owens College, and a similar sum to the Girls' High School at Manchester. The income of the trust amounted in 1814 to 2,503l. This had increased in 1889 to 8,608l. The original endowment at Brasenose College was for four bachelors at 10l. a year each; at the present time a sum of 2,000l. is set apart to provide the following exhibitions, namely, eight at 130l. per annum, and twelve at 80l. per annum. The trustees are patrons of twenty-eight livings.
C. W. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Huloet, Richard

Richard Howlet in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
​HULOET, RICHARD (fl. 1552), lexicographer, born at Wisbech in Cambridgeshire, published in 1552 his 'Abcedarium Anglico-Latinum, pro Tyranculis,' &c., London, printed by William Riddel, fol. This was dedicated to Thomas Goodrich, bishop of Ely [q. v.] The second edition, revised by John Higgins [q. v.], and published in 1572, was so much altered as to be almost a new work; to this edition Churchyard prefixed a commendatory poem. Huloet's dictionary contains phrases and proper names, and its arrangement resembles that of the elder Stephanus's 'Hebræa, Chaldæa, Græca et Latina Nomina,' &c. (Paris, 1537). An edition of Huloet's dictionary was at one time contemplated by the Early English Text Society. Douce made considerable use of the work in his 'Illustrations of Shakespeare.'
W. A. J. A.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hulsberg, Henry

​HULSBERG, HENRY (d. 1729), engraver, a native of Amsterdam, appears to have first practised in Paris, probably in one of the great schools of line-engraving there, as he engraved 'The Sacrifice of Jephthah,' after Antoine Coypel, dedicated to M. Colbert. He came to England early in the eighteenth century, and was mainly employed on engraving large architectural compositions for such works as Colin Campbell's 'Vitruvius Britannicus,' Kip's 'Britannia Illustrata,' Sir Christopher Wren's 'Designs for St. Paul's Cathedral,' &c. He also engraved a few portraits, including one of G. A. Ruperti, pastor of the Dutch Church in London in 1709. Hulsberg was warden of the Lutheran Church in the Savoy, and was supported by that congregation and the brethren of a Dutch box club during two years of continued illness and incapacity for work.
He died in May 1729 of a paralytic fit, and was buried in the Savoy.
L. C.