OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Elentier

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Elentier. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Elentier, neuter, also Elen, Elend, masculine and neuter, ‘elk,’ first occurs in Modern High German with an excrescent d (as in Mond); borrowed from Lithuanian élnis, ‘elk’ (Old Slovenian jelenĭ, ‘stag’), with which Old Slovenian lani, ‘hind’ (from *olnia), is primitively allied. From the Modern High German word French élan, ‘elk,’ is derived. The genuine Old German term for Elen is Elch (English elk); compare Middle High German ëlch, ëlhe, masculine, Old High German ëlaho, Anglo-Saxon eolh, Old Icelandic elgr. The last word (originating in algi-) is termed alces in Cæsar's Bell. Gall., with which Russian losĭ (from Old Slavonic *olsĭ?) is also remotely connected. Perhaps Old German Elch facilitated the introduction of the Lithuanian word.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Elfenbein

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Elfenbein. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Elfenbein, neuter, from the equivalent Middle High German hëlfenbein, Old High German hëlfanbein, neuter, ‘ivory,’ but based anew on Elefant. How the word came b the initial h (Anglo-Saxon ylpendbân), which is also ound in Middle High German and Old High German hëlfant (also less frequently ëlfant, equivalent to Anglo-Saxon ylpend) ‘elephant,’ is not known. It is possible that the excrescent h at the beginning is due to the word being connected with helfen (in the Middle Ages special healing qualities were ascribed to ivory). Perhaps the word was obtained not from Romance, but from the East, from Byzantium (Greek ἐλέφαντ-); for the word would probably correspond to Latin (ebur) eboreus had it been introduced into German through a Romance medium. Compare Italian avorio, French ivoire, ‘ivory,’ Dutch voor, English ivory (yet also Spanish marfil, Portuguese marfim). — With regard to the meaning of the second part of the compound (Bein, literally ‘bone’), see Bein.
# American Seating Company v. Zell

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
322 U.S. 709
American Seating Company v. Zell
Messrs. Wm. Dwight Whitney and Albert R. Connelly, both of New York City (Mr. John Logan O'Donnell, of Washington, D. C., of counsel), for petitioner.
Messrs. J. Edward Lumbard, Jr. and Theodore S. Hope, Jr., both of New York City (Messrs. Donovan, Leisure, Newton & Lumbard, and Ralstone R. Irvine, all of New York City, and Charles W. Sellers, of Cleveland, Ohio, of counsel), for respondent.
On writ of certiorari to the Circuit Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit.
PER CURIAM.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# American Seeding Machine Company v. Kentucky/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
United States Supreme Court
236 U.S. 660
American Seeding Machine Company v. Kentucky
Argued: March 5, 1915. --- Decided: March 15, 1915
Plaintiff in error was convicted in the circuit court of Barren county, Kentucky, and fined for alleged violation of §§ 3915 and 3941a of the Kentucky laws commonly known as the Kentucky Anti-trust Statutes, and prosecutes this writ to review the judgment.
The grounds of error assigned are: (1) That the statutes in question are in conflict with the 14th Amendment to the Constitution of the United States; (2) that the particular transactions involved were transactions of interstate commerce, and protected from state regulation by the commerce clause of the Constitution of the United States.
These grounds were presented to the lower court first by demurrer, which was overruled, and, after answer and trial to a jury, by a request for peremptory instructions for defendant.
The sections of the laws of Kentucky referred to were declared to be invalid by this court under the 14th Amendment because they, as construed by the court of appeals of the state, offered no standard of conduct that it is possible to know. International Harvester Co. v. Kentucky, 234 U.S. 216, 58 L. ed. 1284, 34 Sup. Ct. Rep. 853. Therefore, the judgment of conviction against plaintiff in error must be reversed.
It is not necessary to pass on any other question.
Judgment reversed.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# American Ship Building Company v. National Labor Relations Board

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.

## Concurring Opinion

    White
United States Supreme Court
380 U.S. 300
American Ship Building Company v. National Labor Relations Board
Argued: Jan. 21, 1965. --- Decided: March 29, 1965
William S. Tyson, Washington, D.C., for petitioner.
Norton J. Come, Washington, D.C., for respondent.
Mr. Justice STEWART delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# American Seating Company v. Zell/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
United States Supreme Court
322 U.S. 709
American Seating Company v. Zell
In this case two members of the Court think that the judgment of the Circuit Court of Appeals should be affirmed. Seven are of opinion that the judgment should be reversed and the judgment of the District Court affirmed-four because proof of the contract alleged in respondent's affidavits on the motion for summary judgment is precluded by the applicable state parol evidence rule, and three because the contract is contrary to public policy and void, see Tool Company v. Norris, 2 Wall. 45, 54, 17 L.Ed. 868; Hazelton v. Sheckells, 202 U.S. 71, 79, 26 S.Ct. 567, 568, 50 L.Ed. 939, 6 Ann.Cas. 217; Executive Order No. 9001, Tit. II, par. 5, 6 Fed.Reg. 6788, 50 U.S.C.A. Appendix § 611 note; War Department Procurement Regulations, 10 Code Fed.Reg. (Cum.Supp.) sec. 81.1181. The judgment of the Circuit Court of Appeals is reversed.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# American Seeding Machine Company v. Kentucky

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
236 U.S. 660
American Seeding Machine Company v. Kentucky
Argued: March 5, 1915. --- Decided: March 15, 1915
Messrs. J. E. Bowman and Alexander Pope Humphrey for plaintiff in error.
No appearance for defendant in error.
Memorandum opinion by Mr. Justice McKenna, by direction of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# American Security Trust Company v. Commissioners of the District of Columbia

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
224 U.S. 491
American Security Trust Company v. Commissioners of the District of Columbia
Argued: April 15, 1912. --- Decided: April 29, 1912
Mr. William G. Johnson for the petition.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 491-493 intentionally omitted]
Mr. Justice Holmes delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Greif

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Greif | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Greif, m., ‘griffin,’ from the equiv. MidHG. grîf, grîfe, OHG. grîf, grîfo, m. Whether the word was adopted from Greek through an Eastern source before the 8th cent. (hence the change of p into f) is questionable; in any case, Gr. γρύψ, ‘griffin’ (stem γρῦπ; ν in the Byzantine and modern pronunciation equal to î; comp. Leier), must be regarded as the final source of Greif; see also Drache. Chiefly through the legends concerning Duke Ernst the griffin became popular in Germany, though not among the other Teutons. In Romance too the bird is similarly named — Ital. griffo, griffone, Fr. griffon (E. griffin). Hence OHG. grîfo and its Romance correspondences are probably to be traced back to a MidLat. grîphus, derived from the Greek word; comp. also OIr. gríf. Since, moreover, the belief in fabulous birds that carry off men is genuinely Teut., a Teut. form *grîpo, ‘snatcher’ (allied to greifen), may have been combined with γρῦπ-.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Grempelmarkt

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Grempelmarkt | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Grempelmarkt, m., ‘frippery, rag-fair,’ allied to MidHG. grempeler, ‘slop-seller, retailer,’ grempen, ‘to keep a retail shop, deal in second-hand goods’; the latter is akin to Ital. comprare (with r transposed crompare), ‘to buy,’ compra, ‘purchase.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Granne

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Granne | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Granne, f., ‘bristle (of swine), awn,’ from MidHG. gran, grane, f., ‘point of hair, moustache, fish-bone’ (in the latter sense Granne is also used dial.), OHG. grana, ‘moustache’; corresponding to AS. ​grǫnu, OIc. grǫn, ‘moustache.’ To the Goth grana, recorded by Isidore, are due Span. greña, ‘tousled hair,’ and OFr. grenon, ‘moustache and whiskers.’ The Teut. cognates are primit. allied to OIr. grend, Gael. greann, ‘moustache’ and ‘shaggy hair.’ See Grat.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Grans

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Grans | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Grans, m., ‘ship's beak,’ from MidHG. grans, m., ‘bird's beak, ship's beak,’ OHG. grans, granso, ‘ship's beak’; a corresponding word is wanting in the other Teut. languages. Origin obscure.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Grat

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Grat | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Grat, m., and Gräte, f., ‘point, ridge, fish-bone,’ from MidHG. grât, m., ‘fish-bone, awn, back-bone, mountain ridge’; in ModHG. the word has assumed two forms, according to the meanings. Since Graune, ‘awn,’ has also the dial. sense ‘fish-bone,’ both words may perhaps be traced back to a common root gra-, ‘to be pointed, bristly.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Graupe

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Graupe | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Graupe, f., ‘peeled grain or barley,’ first occurs in early ModHG.; in the 15th cent. the compound îs-grûpe, ‘hailstone,’ is recorded. Allied to Swed. grœpe, grjupe, ‘shot,’ as well as Russ. krupa, OSlov. krupa, ‘crumb,’ Serv. krupa, ‘hail, sleet.’ Probably the cognates are native to Slavonic.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Graus

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Graus | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Graus, n., ‘horror, dread,’ from MidHG. grûs, m., ‘dread, terror’; allied to ModHG. grausen, MidHG. grûsen, griusen, OHG. grûwisôn, grûsôn, ‘to be terrified’; formed from the suffix -isôn and the root grû. See Gräuel, where grausam is also discussed.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Gras

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Gras | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Gras, n., ‘grass,’ from the equiv. MidHG. and OHG. gras, n.; corresponding to OSax. and Du. gras, AS. grœs (gœrs), E. grass, Goth. gras, n., ‘herb’; common to Teut. but unknown to the other Aryan languages. Allied to MidHG. gruose (Goth. *grôsa), ‘young shoot, green of plants’; probably the s in these words is a suffix, so that the Teut. root is grâ-; comp. Gr. χόρτος, ‘grass.’ An Aryan root ghra- is also attested by Lat. grâmen, as well as by ModHG. grün and its cognates.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Grensing

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Grensing | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Grensing, m., the plant Potentilla anserina (silver-weed, goose-grass, or wild tansy), from the equiv. MidHG. and OHG. grensinc; akin to MidHG. grans, ‘beak.’ See Grans.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Grauß

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Grauß | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Grauß, m., ‘gravel,’ from MidHG., grûȥ. See Grieß.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Welch, James

From volume 4 of the work.
​Welch, James, 1s. (William), of Hayes, Middlesex, gent. Queen's Coll., matric. 17 Dec, 1836, aged 20; B.A. 1840, M.A. 1843, bar.-at-law, Inner Temple, 1844.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Welch, John Goodwin

From volume 4 of the work.
​Welch, John Goodwin, s. Thomas, of Pattishall, Northants, cler. Wadham Coll., matric. 5 Dec., 1758, aged 17; B.A. 1762.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Welch, Francis

From volume 4 of the work.
​Welch, Francis, 3s. Thomas, of Pattishall, Northants, cler. Lincoln Coll., matric. 4 March, 1830, aged 19.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Welch, George Asser White

From volume 4 of the work.
​Welch, George Asser White, 1s. John Gregory, of Dursley, co. Gloucester, arm. Magdalen Coll., matric. 8 Feb., 1821, aged 21; of Arle House, co. Gloucester, J.P., died 8 Feb., 1874.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Welch, Herbert Whitehall

From volume 4 of the work.
​Welch, Herbert Whitehall, 1s. Richard, of St. Giles's, Reading, Berks, gent. Lincoln Coll., matric. 10 May, 1853, aged 18, scholar Oriel Coll. 1853-6; B.A. & M.A. 1879, curate of Brampton Ash, 1879, until his death 16 Oct., 1882.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Welch, John (1)

From volume 4 of the work.
​Welch, John, s. Humph., of Kidderminster, co. Worcester, gent. Merton Coll., matric. 22 May, 1729, aged 17; B.A. 1732 (as Welsh).
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Welch, John (2)

From volume 4 of the work.
​Welch, John, s. John, of Kidderminster, co. Worcester, cler. Trinity Coll., matric. 15 Dec., 1755, aged 17; B.A. 1759.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Welch, Richard

From volume 4 of the work.
​Welch, Richard, s. Richard, of Isle of Jamaica, arm. Christ Church, matric. 7 Oct., 1786, aged 16; B.A. 1790.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Welch, Edward

From volume 4 of the work.
​Welch, Edward, o.s. William, of Isle of Barbados, doctor. Exeter Coll., matric. 20 Oct., 1832, aged 18.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Welch, John Robert

From volume 4 of the work.
​Welch, John Robert, o.s. John, of Handley, Dorset, arm. Exeter Coll., matric. 17 April, 1850, aged 19: B.A. 1855.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/genau

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry genau. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ genau, ‘accurate, precise, strict, parsimonious,’ from late Middle High German (Middle German) nouwe, ‘careful, exact,’ akin to nouwe, genouwe, adverb, ‘scarcely’; compare Dutch naauw, ‘narrow, exact, punctual.’ Probably these cognates, in their Gothic form *ga-nêws, are to be connected with Gothic nêhws, High German nahe. Others refer them to a root nau, ‘to narrow,’ in Not and its cognates.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/genesen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry genesen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ genesen, verb, ‘to get well, recover,’ from Middle High German genësen, Old High German ginësan, strong verb, ‘to be left alive, be healed, escape alive,’ also ‘to be delivered of a child’; corresponding to Gothic ganisan, ‘to recover health, be rescued, saved,’ Anglo-Saxon genësan, Old Saxon ginësan, ‘to be rescued, be left alive’; also Dutch genezen, ‘to heal, cure.’ The Teutonic root nes, with which nähren and its cognates are connected as factitives, corresponds to the Sanscrit root nas, ‘to approach in an affectionate manner, join,’ and especially to Greek νέομαι (root νεσ-), ‘to come back,’ and νόσ-τος, ‘return home.’ From Teutonic are derived Old Slovenian gonĭząti (goneznąti), ‘to be redeemed,’ and gonoziti, ‘to redeem,’ allied to gonoziteljĭ, ‘Saviour.’ See nähren.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/gerecht

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry gerecht. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ gerecht, adjective, ‘righteous, just, fit,’ from Middle High German gerëht, ‘straight, right, dexterous, skilful, fit, upright, innocent, just,’ Old High German girëht (grëht), ‘rectus, directus’ (not yer ‘justus’); corresponding to garaihts, ‘upright’; in Anglo-Saxon rihtwîs (Old High German rëhtwis), ‘justus.’ English righteous. See recht.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/genehm

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry genehm. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ genehm, see angenehm.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/genug

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry genug. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ genug, adjective, ‘enough, sufficient,’ from the corresponding Middle High German genuoc(g), Old High German ginuog; a common Teutonic adjective with the Modern High German meaning; compare Gothic ganôhs, Anglo-Saxon genôh, English enough, Dutch genoeg, Old Saxon ginôg; a derivative of an Old Teutonic preterite-present Gothic ganah, Old High German ginah, ‘it suffices’; compare Gothic ganaúha, ‘sufficiency,’ Old High German ginuht, Middle High German genuht, ‘sufficiency.’ On Middle High German genuhtsam, Old High German ginuhtsam, ‘abundant, sufficient,’ is based Modern High German genugsam. To the Teutonic root nō̆h (Aryan nū̆k) preserved in these words some refer the Sanscrit root naç, ‘to attain,’ and Latin nancisci.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/gerad

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry gerad. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ gerad (1.), adverb, ‘even’ (of numbers), from the equivalent Middle High German gerat, Old High German girad, ‘even’; properly ‘equal in reckoning’; akin to Gothic raþjô, ‘number,’ garaþjan, ‘to count.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/genießen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry genießen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ genießen, verb, ‘to enjoy, partake of,’ from the equivalent Middle High German genieȥen, Old High German ginioȥan, strong verb, with the variants Middle High German nieȥen, Old High German nioȥan; corresponding to Gothic niutan, ‘to take part in something,’ ganiutan, ‘to catch’ (nuta, ‘captor, ​fisher’). Old Icelandic njóta, ‘to enjoy, derive joy from, have the use of,’ Anglo-Saxon neótan, ‘to take, use, enjoy,’ Dutch genieten, Old Saxon niotan, ‘to enjoy.’ The primary meaning of the Teutonic root nut, found in strong verbs, was ‘to get something for one's own use,’ then ‘to use or enjoy something, have the use of.’ See Nuß, Nießnutz. Akin to the primitively allied Lithuanian naudà, ‘use, produce,’ pa-nústu, -nūdau, -nūsti, ‘to long, yearn for.’ —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/gerade

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry gerade. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ gerade (2.), adjective, ‘going in one direction, straight, upright, from Middle High German gerat, ‘alert, quick, skilful, recently grown up, straight and therefore long’; the primary meaning is ‘nimble, rapid’; compare Old High German rado (and rato, hrato), ‘quick,’ Anglo-Saxon rœðe (also hrœde), ‘quick,’ Gothic raþs, ‘easy.’ Perhaps primitively allied to Rad, Latin rota.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/geraum

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry geraum. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ geraum, geräumig, see Raum.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/gerben

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry gerben. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ gerben, verb, ‘to tan, curry, polish,’ from Middle High German gęrwen (garwen), weak verb, ‘to make ready, prepare. equip, dress, tan’; a derivative of gar (see gar); Old High German gariwen (garawen), from *garwjan, ‘to make ready,’ lëdergarawo, ‘tanner.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Hundsfott

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Hundsfott | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Hundsfott, m., first occurs in early ModHG., lit. “‘cunnus canis.’ Borrowed from the shamelessness of the ‘proud’ bitch.”
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Hulzel

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Hulzel | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Hulzel, f., ‘dried pear cuttings,’ from MidHG. hutzel, hützel, f., ‘dried pear’; probably an intensive form of Haut?.