OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The New International Encyclopædia/Mindoro

Edition of 1905. See also Mindoro on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​MINDORO, mē̇n-dō′rō̇. One of the Philippine Islands, among which it ranks seventh in size. It is situated south of the main body of Luzon, from which it is separated by a sea channel, 7½ miles wide (Map: Philippine Islands, F 7). Its extreme length from northwest to southeast is 110 miles, and its greatest width is 58 miles. The area of the mainland is 4040, and of the 26 dependent islands 68 square miles, making a total of 4108 square miles. The island has an oval shape with no large indentations, though there are a number of small bays and several almost land-locked harbors. The coasts, though generally having deep water close to shore, are lined, especially along the west side, with submarine reefs. Mindoro is, next to Mindanao, the most elevated of the Philippine Islands. The whole interior forms a mountainous plateau, reaching in Mount Halcón the height of 8860 feet. Almost the whole of the island, from the mountain summits to high-water mark, is covered with unbroken virgin forests, though in the narrow strip of lowland along the western coast there are some prairie and marshy regions. The rivers are all short and simple streams running down from the edge of the plateau on all sides, there being no large river-system. The climate is more variable than that prevailing in the southern islands, and Mindoro is especially exposed to the monsoons. The proximity of the forests to the coast towns renders these unhealthful and subject to intermittent and typhoid fevers.
In spite of the fertility and natural wealth of the island, its economic conditions are in a very backward state. A very small portion of it is cultivated, and the yield of agricultural products is scarcely enough for home consumption. The cultivation of sugar, cotton, and hemp is increasing, and a little of the latter is exported. The mineral wealth is believed to be considerable, but only the coal-beds and sulphur springs have begun to be exploited. The principal exports are forest products, such as timber and pitch, and the forests also are the basis of the principal industries—wood-cutting and rattan-splitting. Communication is almost exclusively carried on in coasting vessels, the interior being a rough and pathless wilderness.
The population of Mindoro was estimated in 1901 at 106,000, including some 30,000 savages inhabiting the interior. The inhabitants are chiefly Malayans, with a few Visayans, and the languages spoken are Visayan, Manguiano, and Tagálog. By the act of the Philippine Commission of June 23, 1902, Mindoro was incorporated in the Province of Marinduque, with the capital at Bóac, situated on the island of Marinduque (q.v.). See Philippine Islands.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Mineo

Edition of 1905. See also Mineo on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​MINEO, mē̇-nā′ō̇. A town in the Province of Catania, Sicily, 27 miles southwest of Catania (Map: Italy, J 10). It occupies the site of the ancient Menæ, founded by Ducetius, 459 B.C., and captured by the Saracens in 840. In the vicinity is the famous Lago de’ Palici, the Lacus Palicorum of volcanic origin. Population, in 1901, of commune, 9828.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Miner, Charles

Edition of 1905. See also Charles Miner on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​MINER, Charles (1780-1865). An American author, born at Norwich, Conn. When nineteen years old he removed with his family to the Wyoming Valley in Pennsylvania, where he became interested in various newspapers. He was a member of Congress from 1825 till 1829. The most important of his publications is a History of Wyoming (1845), which contains a description of the Wyoming massacre given by eye-witnesses.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Astoria

Edition of 1905. See also Astoria, Oregon on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ASTO′RIA. A city, port of entry, and county seat of Clatsop County, Ore., in the northwestern part of the State, on the south bank of the Columbia River (Map: Oregon, B 3). It is on the Astoria and Columbia River Railroad, and has several steamship lines to home and foreign ports. The former difficulty of the Columbia River bar has been overcome by the construction of a jetty, affording a deep and wide channel, which admits the largest vessels. There are now about five miles of water-front within the city limits. Astoria is the centre of an extensive salmon-fishing and canning industry, one of the most important in the world, and contains iron works, can factories, lumber mills, and other industrial establishments. It controls, also, a large export trade in lumber, wheat, flour, etc. The United States custom house and post-office, and Saint Mary's Hospital (Roman Catholic) are among the more important features of the city. Astoria, founded as a fur-trading station in 1811 by John Jacob Astor, was the first settlement in the valley of the Columbia. In 1813 the English took possession, renamed it Fort Saint George, and held it until 1818, though until 1845 the Northwest Company, an English company of fur-traders, continued to occupy it. In 1876 it was chartered as a city. Population, in 1890, 6184; in 1900, 8381.
Consult Washington Irving, Astoria; or, Anecdotes of an Enterprise Beyond the Rocky Mountains Philadelphia, 1830).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Astoria (Irving)

Edition of 1905. See also Astoria (book) on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ASTORIA. An account of Astoria, the settlement founded by John Jacob Astor on the Columbia River, by Washington Irving (1836).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Atkinson, Thomas William

Edition of 1905. See also Thomas Witlam Atkinson on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ ATKINSON, Thomas William (1799-1861). An English artist and traveler. He first devoted himself to architecture, but afterwards traveled extensively in western Siberia and published accounts of his travels in works beautifully illustrated by himself. The works are entitled: Explorations in Oriental and Western Siberia (London, 1857), and Travels in the Regions of the Upper and Lower Amoor (London, 1860).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Astor Place Riot, The

Edition of 1905. See also Astor Place Riot on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ASTOR PLACE RI′OT, The. In American history, a riot which occurred in Astor Place, New York City, on the evening of May 10, 1849, and which grew out of an attempt by partisans of the American actor Edwin Forrest (q.v.). assisted by the rabid anti-English element of the lower classes in the city, to prevent the English actor William C. Macready (q.v.) from giving a performance of Macbeth in the Astor Place Opera House. A disorderly crowd assembled in Astor Place early in the evening, and soon after the performance began, fiercely attacked the opera house and endeavored to force their way inside. The police proving unable to disperse the mob, the Seventh Regiment was called out; and before order could be restored, 34 of the rioters had been killed and many more wounded, while 141 of the militiamen had been more or less seriously injured by brickbats and stones. After the performance, Macready was taken to a private house, and two days later proceeded secretly to Boston, where he took ship for England. Consult: Wilson, Memorial History of New York, Vol III. (4 vols., New York, 1892-93), and Barrett, Edwin Forrest (Boston, 1882).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Astorga

Edition of 1905. See also Astorga, Spain on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ASTORGA, ȧs-tōr′gȧ (anciently, Lat. Asturica). The capital of Asturia. A town of Spain in the Province of Leon, still surrounded by ancient Roman fortifications. In the neighborhood is a ruined castle of some interest to antiquarians. The town was once known as the ‘City of Priests,’ and in the Seventeenth Century, Emmanuele d'Astorga, the famous musician, spent some time in one of its convents in search of health. It is the see of a bishop.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Atkyns, Robert

Edition of 1905. See also Robert Atkyns (judge) on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ AT′KYNS, Sir Robert (1621-1709). An English jurist and Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer. He was descended from a family of distinguished lawyers. In 1659 he entered Richard Cromwell's Parliament as member for Evesham, and was evidently of the King's party, as he was made Knight of the Bath at Charles's coronation (1661). He became Judge of the Court of Common Pleas in 1672, but, owing to his dissatisfaction with the court interference with the independence of judges, he resigned in 1679. When the case against Lord William Russell was instituted in 1683, Atkyns prepared two decisions which brilliantly demonstrated the groundlessness of the charge brought against that nobleman. Upon the accession of William III. he became Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer, a position which he held until 1693. His Parliamentary and Political Tracts constitute a valuable contribution to the history of the time.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Astorga, Emmanuele, Baron d'

Edition of 1905. See also Emanuele d'Astorga on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ASTORGA, Emmanuele, Baron d' (1681-1736). An Italian composer. He was born at Palermo, December 11, 1681. His Stabat Mater is still regarded as a masterpiece. He wrote also an opera, Dafne, produced in Vienna in 1705. He derived his name from the Spanish Convent of Astorga, where, after having studied with Scarlatti, he became a pupil. He died in Bohemia, August 21, 1736.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Atkinson, John

Edition of 1905. See also John Atkinson (clergyman) on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ ATKINSON, John (1835-97) . An American preacher. He was born at Deerfield, N. Y., and served in the ministry of the Methodist Episcopal Church till his death at Haverstraw, N. Y. He wrote the familiar hymn, “We Shall Meet Beyond the River,” and the historical works, Memorials of Methodism (1860); The Centennial History of American Methodism (1884); The Beginnings of the Wesleyan Movement in America, and the Establishment Therein of Methodism (1896).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Atkinson, John Christopher

Edition of 1905. See also John Christopher Atkinson on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ ATKINSON, John Christopher ( 1814-1900). An English clergyman and antiquary. He was born at Goldhanger, in Essex, where his father was curate. In 1838 he graduated B.A. from Saint John's College, Cambridge, and three years later was ordained curate of Brockhampton in Herefordshire. In 1847 he became vicar of Danby, in the North Riding of Yorkshire, where he resided till his death. In 1887 he received from Durham University the degree of D.C.L.. and in 1891 he became a prebendary in York Cathedral. A delightful antiquary somewhat after the type of Gilbert White (q.v.), he is best known for his Forty Years in a Moorland Parish (1891). Among his other popular books are: The Walks, Talks, Travels, and Exploits of Two Schoolboys (1859); Play-Hours and Half-Holidays (1880); British Birds' Eggs and Nests (1861); and The Last of the Giant-Killers (1891). Among his learned works are: “A Glossary of the Dialect of the Hundred of Lonsdale,” in Transactions of the Philological Society (1867); A Glossary of the Cleveland Dialect (1868) with Additions (1876); The History of Cleveland (incomplete, 1872-77). He also edited for the Surtees Society Cartularium Abbathiæ de Whiteby (1879); and Cartularium Abbathiæ Rievalle (1889).
# The Mystery of Ravensdene Court

* information about this edition.
* sister projects: Commons category, Wikidata item.
The story begins with Salter Quick in search of a graveyard, “or it might be two, or it might be three, where there's gravestones what bears a name—name of Netherfield.” That's a mysterious enough beginning for a mystery story. The search for a name upon a gravestone is the beginning of a search for a fortune, and there are thrills aplenty before the treasure is found. -ad in the previous issue.
“What's that?” he snapped out. “You met a man—hereabouts—asked you if you knew where there was graves with a certain name on 'em? And that name was Netherfield?”
The Mystery of
Ravensdene Court
By J. S. Fletcher
Illustrations by Harry Fisk
* page
* Part I 4
* Part II 111
* Part III 141
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
The longest-living author of this work died in 1935, so this work is in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 88 years or less. This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The Mystery of Words

The Mystery of Words
by Ralcy Husted Bell
—Romans.
Hinds, Hayden & Eldredge, Inc. :
| New York | Philadelphia | Chicago |
Copyright, 1924, by Hinds, Hayden & Eldredge, INC.
To ARKELL ROGER McMICHAEL, A. M., M. D.
* Preface
* Part 1
   * Chapter 1
   * Chapter 2
   * Chapter 3
   * Chapter 4
   * Chapter 5
   * Chapter 6
   * Chapter 7
   * Chapter 8
   * Chapter 1
   * Chapter 2
   * Chapter 3
   * Chapter 4
   * Chapter 5
   * Chapter 6
Layout 2
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
The longest-living author of this work died in 1931, so this work is in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 92 years or less. This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The New International Encyclopædia/Retzius, Magnus Gustav

Edition of 1905. See also Gustaf Retzius on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
RET'ZIUS, Magnus Gustav (1842—). A Swedish histologist, born in Stockholm. He was for some time professor of histology and anatomy in the Caroline Institute. His printed works on anthropology include: Finska Kranier (“Finnish Skulls,” 1872); Biologische Untersuchungen (1880-81); and Gehörorgane der Wirbelthiere (1881-84). With Prof. Axel Key he published Studien in der Anatomie des Nervensystems und des Bindegewebes (1875). In 1890 he became editor of the Biologische Untersuchungen.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Retzsch, Moritz

Edition of 1905. See also Moritz Retzsch on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
RETZSCH, rĕch, Moritz (1779-1857). A German painter and engraver. He was born in Dresden, December 9, 1779, and studied at the academy of his native city, where he became a professor in 1824, and died July 11, 1857. Although treating romantic subjects, he belongs to the followers of Mengs. His chief celebrity rests upon his illustrations in outline of the great German poets, Schiller, Goethe, etc., whom he interpreted with great vigor and sympathy. His etchings of Goethe's Faust (26 plates, 1884)
are particularly well known, not only in his own country, but also in France and England. Among other important works are the outline illustrations of Schiller's Lied von der Glocke (43 plates, 1884); his Shakespeare Gallery (80 plates, 1860); and his outline drawings of Bürger's Ballads (15 plates, 1872). His oil paintings, treating classical subjects, are of little interest, but he succeeded better with portraits.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Reuleaux, Franz

Edition of 1905. See also Franz Reuleaux on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
REULEAUX, rẽ'lṓ', Franz (1829— ). A German mechanical engineer, born at Eschweiler, near Aix-la-Chapelle, where his father had machine shops. After finishing his apprenticeship in Koblenz, he worked in his father's shops, studied at Karlsruhe, and for a year was head of a factory in Cologne. Then he taught in Zurich (1856-64) and in Berlin (1864-96), where from 1868 until retirement he was director of the Industrial School. Reuleaux was intimately connected with German machinery exhibits at Philadelphia in 1876 and at Sydney and Melbourne (1879-81). His Briefe aus Philadelphia (1877) voice a sharp criticism on German methods of construction and especially on the lack of artistic design. To remedy this fault Reuleaux gathered a great collection of kinematic models in Berlin. His works are: Konstruktionslehre (with Moll, 1854-62); Der Konstrukteur (1860-62, and often); Kurzgefasste Geschichte der Dampfmaschine (1891); and Thomassche Rechenmaschine (2d ed. 1892).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Republican River

Edition of 1905. See also Republican River on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
REPUBLICAN RIVER. One of the headstreams of the Kansas River. It is formed by two forks in east central Colorado, and flows northeast into Nebraska, then east, and finally southeast into Kansas, where it joins the Smoky Hill River at Junction City to form the Kansas River (Map: Nebraska, F 3). It is about 500 miles long.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Reumont, Alfred von

Edition of 1905. See also Alfred von Reumont on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
REUMONT, rẽ'môN', Alfred von (1808-87). A German historian. He was born at Aix-la-Chapelle, studied at Bonn and Heidelberg, and in 1832 traveled through Greece and the Ionian Islands. In 1835 he entered the diplomatic service, and subsequently was Minister Resident in Italy, principally at the Papal Court. His historical works include: Ganganelli, seine Briefe und seine Zeit (1847); Beiträge zur italienischen
Geschichte (1853-57); Die Jugend Katharinas de' Medici (1854); Die Gräfin von Albany (1860); Zeitgenossen (1862); Geschichte der Stadt Rom (1867-70); Lorenzo de' Medici il Magnifico (1874); Geschichte Toscanas (1870-77); Vittoria Colonna (1881); and Charakterbilder aus der neueren Geschichte Italiens (1886). Upon art he wrote biographies of Michelangelo (1834), Andrea del Sarto (1835), and Benvenuto Cellini (1847), and other works.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Reusch, Friedrich

Edition of 1905. See also Friedrich Reusch on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
REUSCH, roish, Friedrich (1843—). A German sculptor, born at Siegen. He studied in Berlin at the Academy and under Albert Wolff, whom he assisted on the equestrian monument to Frederick William III. After his return to Berlin from a visit to Italy in 1874, he fashioned the marble group of “Market-Traffic” (1879) for the Belle-Alliance Bridge, and the “Genius of Steam” for the Technical Academy at Charlottenburg. In Königsberg, where he was appointed professor at the academy in 1881, he executed the large group of “Strength, Justice, and Moderation” for the Government building, the statues of “Albert, First Duke of Prussia” (1891), and of Emperor William I. (1894), both outside the royal palace, besides several other memorials, many busts and decorative figures for public buildings. At Siegen are a “Soldiers' Monument” (1877), the equestrian statue of “William I.” (1892), and a bronze statue of “Bismarck” (1900), and there are also several charming mythological genre groups to his credit.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Reuss

Edition of 1905. See also Reuss (state) on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
REUSS, rois. Two sovereign principalities of Germany, situated between the Prussian Province of Saxony, the Kingdom of Saxony, Bavaria, and some of the Saxon duchies, and separated from each other by the outlying district of Neustadt of the Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar (Map: Germany, D 3). They are: Reuss Elder Line, or Reuss-Greiz, and Reuss Younger Line, or Reuss-Schleiz. Reuss-Greiz covers an area of 122 square miles and is largely mountainous. Its principal products are woolens and knit goods. The Constitution of 1867 provides for a legislative assembly of 12 members, of whom three are nominated by the Prince, two by the nobility, three elected by the towns, and four by the rural districts. The capital is Greiz. The principality is represented by one member in the Bundesrat and sends one deputy to the Reichstag. Population, in 1900, 68,287, almost entirely Protestants.
Reuss-Schleiz consists of a number of detached parcels of territory with a total area of 319 square miles. It is a mountainous country with deposits of marble and salt. The chief manufactures are woolen and cotton goods, machinery, musical instruments, and leather. The legislative body consists of 16 members, of whom three are elected by those paying the highest taxes, and 12 by the rest of the qualified voters, the head of the House of Reuss-Köstritz being an hereditary member. The executive and in part the legislative powers are vested in the Prince, who is assisted by a cabinet of three members. The principality sends one member to the Bundesrat and one deputy to the Reichstag. The population in 1900 was 138,993, almost entirely Protestant. The capital is Gera. Consult: Mauke, Heimatskunde des Fürstentums Reuss (Halle, 1877); Gaul, Beiträge zur Landeskunde des Fürstentums Reuss (Greiz, 1900).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Reuss, Eduard Wilhelm Eugen

Edition of 1905. See also Edouard Guillaume Eugène Reuss on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
REUSS, Eduard Wilhelm Eugen (1804-91). An Alsatian Protestant theologian. He was born at Strassburg, July 18, 1804, was educated at the seminary of his native town, studied theology and Oriental philology at Göttingen, Halle, and Paris, and took orders in the French Protestant Church. He returned to Strassburg as privat-docent, was made professor extraordinary at the university in 1834, and held different positions there till 1888. He died April 15, 1891. His principal works are: Die Geschichte der heiligen Schriften des neuen Testaments (1842; 6th ed. 1887; Eng. trans. 1884); Histoire de la théologie chrétienne au siècle apostolique (1852; 3d ed. 1864; Eng. trans. 1872-74); Histoire du canon des Saintes Ecritures (1862; Eng. trans. 1884); Die Geschichte der heiligen Schriften des Alten Testaments (1881; 2d ed. 1890). He was one of the editors of the great edition of Calvin's works (59 vols., 1869-1900), and published a complete French translation of the Bible with commentaries (19 vols., 1875-81). Consult the memorial address by Lobstein (Strassburg, 1891).