OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# St. Nicholas/Volume 32/Number 1/Nature and Science/How Insects Breathe

How Insects Breathe.
Insects cannot breathe through their mouths as can most of the higher forms of animal life, nor do they have their breathing-openings near the mouth.
The “Nostrils"— The breathing holes on the side of a cricket.
engaged in this work that it would not be possible to use them also for breathing; while to have their nostrils in the immediate vicinity of their mouths would be very inconvenient. They must therefore be supplied with air in some other way.
The breathing apparatus of an insect (Spiracle and trachea).Accordingly Mother Nature has little breathing-openings on the various segments of which their bodies consist. Scientists call these openings spiracles, Hold a locust between your fingers and watch the breathing movements of the body. Professor Packard says: “There were sixty-five contractions in a minute in a locust which had been held between the fingers about ten minutes.” How does that compare with the number of breaths you take each minute? Insects of swiftest fight breathe most rapidly.
Each spiracle is guarded by little projecting spines which form a latticework or grate to keep out dust, etc. After passing through the spiracle the air is conducted to all parts of the body by tubes made by tiny spiral threads, This microscopic tube is something similar in form to a curl of hair made by brushing the hair around a curling-stick and then pulling out the stick.
# St. Nicholas/Volume 32/Number 1/Papa's Way of Spelling

Papa’s Way of Spelling.
By Ida McIntosh.
# St. Nicholas/Volume 32/Number 1/Nature and Science

* The Giant Fishes of the Sea
* How Insects Breathe
* Because We Want to Know
# St. Nicholas/Volume 32/Number 1/Little Brother

* related authors: Jessie McDermott Walcott.
* sister projects: Commons category, Wikidata item.
By Margaret Johnson
“And the gifts that were brought for the little Fing-Wee would fill me a chapter or two.”
# Tagg Bros. & Moorhead v. United States

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
280 U.S. 420
Tagg Bros. & Moorhead v. United States
Argued: Oct. 23, 1929. --- Decided: Feb 24, 1930
[Syllabus from pages 420-422 intentionally omitted]
Messrs. Francis A. Brogan, of Omaha, Neb., and James M. Beck, of Washington, D. C., for appellants.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 423-429 intentionally omitted]
The Attorney General and Mr. John Lord O'Brian, Asst. to Atty. Gen., for appellees.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 429-431 intentionally omitted]
Mr. Justice BRANDEIS delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Taggart v. New York/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Per Curiam Opinion of the Court
United States Supreme Court
392 U.S. 667
Taggart v. New York
The motion to dismiss is granted and the appeal is dismissed for failure to file the notice of appeal within the time provided by Rule 11.
Mr. Justice BLACK is of the opinion that the appeal should be dismissed for want of a substantial federal question.
Mr. Justice DOUGLAS dissents.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# St. Nicholas/Volume 32/Number 2/Advertisements/Back/Santa Fe: California Limited

The courtesy of employees on The
is proverbial. What everybody says must be true.
Politeness is a simple thing; but it measures the difference between a thoroughly enjoyable three-days’ trip and one which falls far short of satisfaction.
Ladies and children traveling alone are assured every attention.
Should you favor us by selecting The CaliforniaLimited, we will do our part to make the journey pleasant.
The California Limited runs the year ‘round between Chicago, Kansas City, Los Angeles, San Diego, and San Francisco.
Daily service will be resumed November 13 for the tenth season, superseding the present semi-weekly schedule.
Carries Observation, Compartment and Drawing-room Pullmans, Buffet-smoker and Dining-car.
Santa Fe All the Way through Southwest Land of Enchantment. Rock-ballasted, oil-sprinkled track,
Pamphlet of the train, and book describes the California trip, mailed on request. Address General Passenger Office, Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway, Chicago.
(New $250,000 hotel,“El Tovar,” at Grand Canyon of Arizona, open early in December.)
# St. Nicholas/Volume 32/Number 2/Advertisements/Back/Santa Fe: Grand Canyon

RAILROADS
“El Tovar” Grand Canyon, Arizona
To see how the world was made Visit the Grand Canyon of Arizona
Deep down in the earth a mile and more you go, past strata of every known geologic age. And all glorified by a rainbow beauty of color.
Pedro del Tovar, a Spanish conquistidor who came to Arizona with Coronado in 1540, assisted in the discovery of this world-wonder. To-day a quarter-of-a-million-dollar hotel, El Tovar, commemorates his name.
El Tovar is located near the head of Bright Angel Trail, at the railway terminus, on the brink of the canyon. Ready for occupanecy early in December. Under the management of Mr. Fred Harvey.
The hotel is built of native boulders and pine logs, with wide porches and every room open to the sun, Accommodations for three hundred guests. Has steam heat, electric lights, a solarium and amusement hall. The furniture is from special designs.
El Tovar solves the problem of high-class accommodations for the traveler who wishes to visit the Grand Canyon as a side trip on the California tour. Only three hours by rail from the main line of the Santa Fe.
Write today. for ‘Illustrated Grand Canyon pamphlet, “Titan of Chasms.” El Tovar pamphlet (in press) will be mailed when ready, Address General Passenger Office, Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway, Chicago.
# St. Nicholas/Volume 32/Number 2/Advertisements/Back/Stamps, etc.

STAMPS. ETC.
| 206 $3.25. | different stamps worth $3.00 for 19¢; 306 different for 32¢,; 1000 different, a grand collection, catalogued at $24.50, for 'JOSEPH F. NEGREEN, 128 E.23d St, New York City. |
* STAMPS:
* 100 Cuba, Java, etc., stamp dictionary and big illustrated list, 2¢. Agts., 50%. A. Ballard & Co., S43, A, Boston.
| STAMPS: | 100 Honduras, etc., album and catalog, 2c. Agts., 50%. Hill Stamp Co., So. End, Boston, Mass. |
| 5 | Varieties Uruguay Free with trial approval sheets 1000 Hinges, 6c. F. E. Thorp. Norwich, N. Y. |
* A Stamp
* Collector’s paper for 6 weeks, 5c. Each subscriber who will ask for 30% approvals will receive all the following free: A pocket stamp album, an illustrated stamp catalogue, 100 mixed foreign stamps including Corea, China, Japan and Russia, and a book of general information “About Stamps.” For Cash Orders we offer: Popular stamp albums, 30c.,50c-and 75c. editions, holding from 3000 to, 6000 stamps; 546 varieties foreign stamps, $1.50: 1000 varieties, $3.25; 500 well-mixed, 150; 1000 best hinges, 10c.
* Send for this
* Print your own cards, circulars, &c. Press $5. Small newspaper press $10. Money saver. Print for others, big profits. Tyoe-setting easy, printed rules sent. Write to makers for catalog, presses, type, paper, &c.
* THE PRESS CO. MERIDEN, CONN.
# St. Nicholas/Volume 32/Number 2/Advertisements/Front/Charles Scribners' Sons

BOOKS
Books for Younger Readers :
| MONARCH, THE BIG BEAR OF TALLAC By Ernest Thompson Seton. With over 100 illustrations by the author. “One of Mr. Ernest Thompson Seton’s most characteristic animal stories.” “Monarch is undoubtedly one of the most effective and tasteful of the holiday books of the season” Philadelphia Ledger. 12mo, $1.25 net (postage 12 cents) | THE AMERICAN NATURAL HISTORY By Wm. T. Hornaday, Director of the New York Zoölogical Park. “Here are the beasts of the field, the birds of the air, the fishes of the deep, described in clear, simple language, and pictured in many cases by photographs from life. We suspect that Mr. Horaday’s book will be the popular natural history for a long time to come.”—N. Y. Sun. 343 illustrations, 472 pages. $3.50 net (expressage 48 cts.) |
| POEMS OF CHILDHOOD By Eugene Field. Illustrated in color by Maxfield Parrish. “A beautifully made quarto, with striking illustrations and a cover which is happily audacious. The illustrative work, like the verse, is wholly out of the common.” The Outlook. Royal 8vo, $2.50 | RHYMES AND JINGLES By the Editor of “St. Nicholas,” Mary Mapes Dodge. Illustrated by Sarah S. Stilwell. “There is a swing about many of these simple verses that catches the ear. They are exactly the sort a child learns easily. Some of them are pure childish nonsense, and some of them full of graceful fancies.” The Outlook. 12mo, $1.50 |
| HANDICRAFT AND RECREATION FOR GIRLS By LINA and ADELIA B. BEARD Illustrated, 12mo, $1.60 net (postage 16 cents) | “Everything is so carefully and comprehensively explained, with both text and illustrations, that it is almost impossible to make a mistake. It makes a book of the greatest value for girls, and no better Christmas gift could be found.” Newark Daily Advertiser |
| SEA WOLVES OF SEVEN SHORES By JESSIE PEABODY FROTHINGHAM Illustrated, 12mo, $1.20 net (postage 15 cents) | “It is the sort of book that will bring delight to the heart of every real boy. It is history from the best and most reliable sources and it is romance of the most fascinating kind. It will make a worthy companion to Miss Frothingham’s successful book ‘Sea Fighters from Drake to Farragut.’” Pittsburg Gazette. |
| The American Tom Brown BOYS OF ST. TIMOTHY’S By ARTHUR STANWOOD PIER Illustrated, 12mo, $1.25 net (postage 13 cents) | “The author has managed to catch the ‘Tom Brown Spirit’ to modernize it and to eliminate some of the less desirable traits of the tales of which Tom Hughes’ hook is the type.. . .Football, rowing, hockey, running, tennis are described vividly, the gospel of a strenuous life is preached vigorously.” New York Sun. |
| Charles Scribner’s Sons ∴ New York ||
# St. Nicholas/Volume 32/Number 2/Advertisements/Back/Peter's Chocolate

| PETER’S | PETER’S | | CHOCOLATE | CHOCOLATE |
| An X-Mus Gift that Delights Everybody. | Santa Claus’ Best Gift IRRESISTIBLY DELICIOUS Wholesome as Bread and Butter LAMONT, CORLISS & CO., Importers, Dept, M, 78 Hudson St., NEW YORK | Santa Claus’ Best Gift IRRESISTIBLY DELICIOUS Wholesome as Bread and Butter LAMONT, CORLISS & CO., Importers, Dept, M, 78 Hudson St., NEW YORK | Santa Claus’ Best Gift IRRESISTIBLY DELICIOUS Wholesome as Bread and Butter LAMONT, CORLISS & CO., Importers, Dept, M, 78 Hudson St., NEW YORK | The Original Other Brands are Imitations |
# St. Nicholas/Volume 32/Number 2/Advertisements/Back/Waterman's

Fountain Pens
Awarded a Grand Prize at St. Louis.
| 8 Schoot St, Boston, | 160 State St., Chicago, | 138 Montgomery St., San Francisco. |
| 12 Golden Lane, London. | 12 Golden Lane, London. | 107 St. James Street, Montreal. |
# St. Nicholas/Volume 32/Number 2/Advertisements/Front

    Swifts cover
    St. Nicholas 1905 2
    The Century 1905 4
    Harper’s New Juvenile Books 6
    Houghton, Mifflin & Co. 8
    Charles Scribners’ Sons 9
    L. C. Page & Company 10
    Dodd, Mead & Co. 11
    Little, Brown & Co. 12
    Lee & Shepard’s 13
    Miscellaneous 14
    A. C. McClurg & Co. 15
    Prudential 16
# State of Pennsylvania

United States Supreme Court
109 U.S. 174
State of Pennsylvania
[Syllabus from page 174 intentionally omitted]
[Statement of Case from 175 intentionally omitted]
H. G. Ward and M. P. Henry, for petitioner.
Henry Flanders and Thos. F. Bayard, for respondent.
WAITE, C. J.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# State of Pennsylvania/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
* Wikipedia article
United States Supreme Court
109 U.S. 174
State of Pennsylvania
We are unable to distinguish this case in principle from Ex parte Hagar, 104 U.S. 520, where it was held, on the authority of Ex parte Gordon, Id. 515, that as the admiralty court had jurisdiction of the vessel sued, and the subject-matter of the suit, it could not be restrained by a writ of prohibition from deciding all questions properly arising in that suit. This, like that, is a suit for pilotage fees, and the question is whether a statute of Delaware, under which the fees are claimed, is valid. If valid in Delaware it is in Pennsylvania, and the court sitting in Pennsylvania is as competent to decide that question in a suit of which it has jurisdiction as a court in Delaware. The jurisdiction of the court in Pennsylvania is no more dependent on the validity of the law than was that of the court in Delaware. The subject-matter of the suit is a claim of a Delaware pilot for his pilotage fees under a Delaware statute, and the sole question in the case is whether the fees are recoverable. The vessel when seized was confessedly within the jurisdiction of the court in Pennsylvania, and she was properly brought into court to answer the claim which was made upon her. About that there is no dispute, as there was at the last term in Re Devoe Manuf'g Co. 108 U.S. , [S.C.. 2 SUP. CT. REP. 894,] where the question was as to the right of the court in New Jersey to send its process to the place where the seizure was made. There, the question was as to the jurisdiction of the court over a particular place; here, as to the liability of a vessel confessedly seized within the territorial jurisdiction of the court upon a claim subject to judicial determination in an admiralty proceeding. The evident purpose of this application is to correct a supposed error in a judgment of an admiralty court on the merits of an action. That cannot be done by prohibition. The remedy, if any, is by appeal. If an appeal will not lie, then the parties are concluded by what has been done. Congress alone has the power to determine whether the judgment of a court of the United States, of competent jurisdiction, shall be reviewed or not. If it fails to provide for such a review the judgment stands as the judgment of the court of last resort, and settles finally the rights of the parties which are involved.
The petition is dismissed.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Stewart Dry Goods Company v. Lewis (287 U.S. 9)

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
287 U.S. 9
Stewart Dry Goods Company v. Lewis Levy
Argued: Oct. 21, 1932. --- Decided: Oct 24, 1932
Appeals from the District Court of the United States for the Western District of Kentucky.
Appeal from the District Court of the United States for the Eastern District of Kentucky.
Messrs. Robert S. Marx, of Cincinnati, Ohio, and John C. Doolan and James Stites, both of Louisville, Ky., for appellants.
Mr. S. H. Brown, of Frankfort, Ky., for appellees.
PER CURIAM.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Stewart, John

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "Stewart, John."
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
# Steward v. American Lava Company

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
215 U.S. 161
Steward v. American Lava Company
Argued: November 10, 11, 1909. --- Decided: November 29, 1909
Mr. Louis C. Raegener for petitioners.
Messrs. Charles Neave, F. P. Fish, and William G. McKnight for respondents.
Mr. Justice Holmes delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Stewart Dry Goods Company v. Lewis

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "Stewart Dry Goods Company v. Lewis."
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* Stewart Dry Goods Company v. Lewis (287 U.S. 9)
* Stewart Dry Goods Company v. Lewis (294 U.S. 550)
# Steward Machine Company v. Davis

Steward Machine Company v. Davis, 301 U.S. 548 (1937), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States upheld the unemployment compensation provisions of the Social Security Act of 1935. The Act established a national taxing structure designed to induce states to adopt laws for funding and payment of unemployment compensation. The decision in Steward signaled the Court’s acceptance of a broad interpretation of Congressional power to influence state laws. Warning: template has been deprecated.

## Dissenting Opinions

    Butler
    Sutherland
    McReynolds
United States Supreme Court
301 U.S. 548
Steward Machine Company v. Davis
Argued: April 8-9, 1937. --- Decided: May 24, 1937
[Syllabus from pages 548-550 intentionally omitted]
Messrs. William Logan Martin, of Birmingham, Ala., Neil P. Sterne, of Anniston, Ala., and Walter Bouldin, of Birmingham, Ala., for petitioner.
Homer S.C.ummings, Atty. Gen.,
[Argument of Counsel from pages 551-553 intentionally omitted] Charles E. Wyzanski, Jr., Sp. Asst. Atty. Gen., and Robert H. Jackson, Asst. Atty. Gen., for respondent.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 553-573 intentionally omitted]
Mr. Justice CARDOZO delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Mayer, Alfred Marshall

Edition of 1879. See also Alfred M. Mayer on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
MAYER, Alfred Marshall, an American physicist, nephew of Brantz Mayer, born in Baltimore, Md., Nov. 13, 1836. He was educated at St. Mary's college, Baltimore. He has occupied the chair of physics, with chemistry or astronomy, in several institutions, as follows: University of Maryland, 1856-'8; Westminster college, Missouri, 1859-'61; Pennsylvania college, Gettysburg, 1865-'7; Lehigh university, Pennsylvania, 1867-'70; Stevens institute of technology, Hoboken, N. J., since 1871. In 1863-'4 he studied in the university of Paris. At Lehigh university he superintended the erection of an observatory, from which he made a series of observations of Jupiter. He was in charge of the party sent to observe the eclipse of the sun at Burlington, Iowa, Aug. 7, 1869, and took 41 perfect photographs of the eclipse. At Hoboken he began his researches in acoustics, in which he has made his most important discoveries; among these are: the measurement of the relative intensities of sounds of the same pitch; an acoustic pyrometer; the connection of the pitch of a sound with the duration of its residual sensation; the reflection of sound from flames and heated gases; that the fibrils of the antennæ of the mosquito are its auditory organs; the mechanism of hearing in mammals; and new methods of sonorous analysis. In 1873 he was one of the editors of the “American Journal of Science and Arts,” from which he withdrew on account of weakness of sight, and visited England. Among his numerous scientific papers are: “Estimation of the Weights of very small Portions of Matter” (1858); “Lecture Notes on Physics” (1868); “Researches in Electro-magnetism” (1870 and 1873); “An Investigation of the Composite Nature of the Electric Discharge” (1874); and “Researches in Acoustics” (7 papers, 1871-'4).
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Mesmer, Friedrich Anton

Edition of 1879. See also Franz Mesmer on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
MESMER, Friedrich Anton, a German physician, the first promoter of animal magnetism, or “mesmerism,” born at or near Meersburg, Baden, on the lake of Constance, in 1733 or 1734, died there, March 5, 1815. He studied medicine in Vienna, and took his degree of M. D. there in 1766, presenting on that occasion a thesis De Planetarum Influxu in Corpus Humanum, in which he held that the universe is pervaded by a subtle element exercising an extraordinary influence on the human body, and identical with the magnetic element. The means by which he brought his theory into notice, and the leading features of his life, are given under the head of Animal Magnetism.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Mayer, Johann Tobias

Edition of 1879. See also Tobias Mayer on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
MAYER, Johann Tobias, a German mathematician, born at Marbach, Würtemberg, Feb. 17, 1723, died in Göttingen, Feb. 20, 1762. He gained a living when a mere youth by teaching mathematics. He early made himself known by scientific productions. The university of Göttingen in 1750 chose him its professor of mathematics, and appointed him director of its observatory. His “Zodiacal Catalogue,” comprising 998 stars, is of high authority; and his “Lunar Tables,” published in 1755, were deemed of such value by the English astronomer royal that the British parliament awarded his widow £3,000. The most important of his discoveries was the principle of the “repeating circle,” employed by Borda in measuring the arc of the meridian.