OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Biographical Dictionary of America/Allen, Nathan

​ALLEN, Nathan, physician, was born in Princeton, Mass., April 25, 1813, son of Moses and Mehitable (Oliver) Allen, and a lineal descendant of Walter Allen, one of the original proprietors of Old Newbury, who died in Charlestown, Mass., in 1673. His boyhood was spent on a farm, and after acquiring an academical education he was graduated at Amherst college in 1836. He then devoted four years to the study of medicine at the Pennsylvania medical school, and was graduated in 1841, removing to Lowell, Mass. Aside from establishing a large practice, Dr. Allen devoted considerable time to physiological research, and his published papers attracted attention among physicians in both the old world and the new. In 1856 he was chosen by the legislature a trustee of Amherst college, and established in that institution the department of physical culture. Governor Andrew appointed him a member of the Massachusetts state board of charities in 1864, and he served in that body throughout its existence, a period of fifteen years. In 1872 he was sent by Governor Washburn as a delegate to the international congress which met in London to discuss prison and other reforms. In 1873 Amherst college conferred upon him the degree of LL.D. He was a member of the American medical association, the American academy of medicine, the American public health association, and the Massachusetts medical society. His published writings include: "An Essay on the Condition of Mental Philosophy with Medicine" (1841); "The Opium Trade" (1850); "The Law of Human Increase; or Population Based on Physiology and Psychology" (1868); "Physical Culture in Amherst College" (1869); "The Inter-marriage of Relations" (1869); "Physical Degeneracy" (1870); "The Physiological Laws of Human Increase" (1870); "Lessons on Population Suggested by Grecian and Roman History" (1871 ); "Important Medical Problems" (1874); "State Medicine, in Its Relation to Insanity" (1875); "Normal Standard of Women for Propagation" (1876); "Claims of the Sick Poor" (1877); "The New England Family" (1882); and "Physical Development" (1888). He died in Lowell, Mass., Jan. 1, 1889.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Indiana (county)

Edition of 1879. See also Indiana County, Pennsylvania on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
INDIANA, a W. county of Pennsylvania, bounded S. E. by Conemaugh river and drained by numerous small streams; area, 770 sq. m.; pop. in 1870, 36,138. It has a hilly surface, well timbered, chiefly with white pine, and abounds in iron ore and bituminous coal. The soil is moderately fertile. The Pennsylvania canal passes along the S. boundary, and a branch of the Central railroad extends to the county seat. The chief productions in 1870 were 308,183 bushels of wheat, 97,550 of rye, 652,263 of Indian corn, 906,255 of oats, 71,477 of buckwheat, 77,367 of potatoes, 125,891 lbs. of wool, 1,100,925 of butter, and 38,749 tons of hay. There were 11,586 horses, 12,061 milch cows, 13,844 other cattle, 44,054 sheep, and 17,412 swine; 10 manufactories of agricultural implements, 9 of brick, 14 of carriages, 3 of clothing, 15 of furniture, 10 of iron castings, 1 of machinery, 4 of marble and stone work, 2 of paper, 13 of saddlery and harness, 2 of salt, 4 of sash, doors, and blinds, 11 of tin, copper, and sheet-iron ware, 8 of woollen goods, 8 flour mills, 28 tanneries, 19 currying establishments, 4 planing mills, and 26 saw mills. Capital, Indiana.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Ideler, Christian Ludwig

Edition of 1879. See also Christian Ludwig Ideler on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
IDELER, Christian Ludwig, a German mathematician, born at Gross-Brese, in Brandenburg, Sept. 21, 1766, died Aug. 10, 1846. His earliest work was the editing in 1794 of an astronomical almanac for the Prussian government. He taught mathematics and mechanics in the school of woods and forests, and also in the military school, and in 1821 became professor in the university of Berlin. His works include Historische Untersuchungen über die astronomischen Beobachtungen der Alten (Leipsic, 1806); Handbuch der mathematischen und technischen Chronologie (Berlin, 1825-'6); and Die Zeitrechnung der Chinesen (Berlin, 1839).
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Illinois (river)

Edition of 1879. See also Illinois River on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
ILLINOIS, a river of the United States, and the largest in the state to which it gives its name. It is formed in Grundy co., in the N. E. part of the state, about 45 m. S. W. of Lake Michigan, by the union of Kankakee and Des Plaines rivers, the former of which rises in the N. part of Indiana and the latter in the S. E. part of Wisconsin. The Kankakee receives the Iroquois, and from that point to its junction with the Des Plaines is sometimes known as the Iroquois. The Illinois flows nearly W. to Hennepin, in Putnam co., and thence S. W. and finally S. until it unites with the Mississippi between Calhoun and Jersey counties, 20 m. above the mouth of the Missouri. It is about 500 m. long, and is navigable at high water for 245 m. It is deep and broad, in several places expanding into basins which might almost be called lakes. Peoria, the most important city on its banks, is built on the shore of one of these basins. Its principal affluents are the Fox, Spoon, Crooked creek, the Mackinaw, Sangamon, and Vermilion. Above the mouth of the Vermilion, in La Salle co., it is obstructed by rapids, and a canal has been built from this point to Chicago, a distance of 96 m. Uninterrupted water communication is thus secured between the lakes and the Mississippi. The Illinois was ascended by Marquette in 1673, and explored in 1679-'80 by La Salle and Hennepin, who entered it by the Kankakee, which they reached from Lake Michigan by means of the St. Joseph river and a short portage, and sailed in canoes, La Salle as far as the present site of Peoria, and Hennepin to the Mississippi. In 1682 La Salle navigated the whole course of the river.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Ides

Edition of 1879. See also Roman calendar on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
IDES, in the Roman calendar, the 15th day of March, May, July, and October, and the 13th day of the other months. The eight days preceding the ides were named from it, and styled the 1st, 2d, 3d, &c., day before the ides. Under the empire the senate sat regularly on the ides and on the calends, with the exception of the ides of March, the anniversary of Cæsar's death, which was regarded as a dies ater.
# The Bond/Part 3/Chapter 10
### X

ONLY an incident!" He had said that that was all he should be, in her memory, and that she would forget him in three months.
She knew that she should never forget him. That last scene in the forest had made it impossible.
It was not for himself alone, nor even the fact of his emotion for her. That had left with her a tenderness for him—but a faint, a gentle tenderness. It was the least emotional recognition she could give of what nevertheless had touched her heart—that he should really, genuinely, care anything for her, after all her frank egotism toward him, her absorption in herself, her crudeness. … That speech, for example, up at Anthemoz, about using her relation with him as a spur to Basil! In spite of all that, and of the fact that she could give him nothing really, he had liked her. She was grateful. And she was dimly, passionately grateful for his bearing toward her at that last moment. …
There was the reason why she should never forget him. He had understood. There, at the end, he had protected her.
And it was like a flash of light over a new ​scene—her knowledge that she had needed protection. It was a blinding illumination. She could not take in at once all it meant—it came slowly, as she lay sleepless at night, or lost herself in reverie, in the days after Crayven's going.
One thing appeared clearly at once. She cabled to Basil: "Shall I come home?" And she began packing before the answer came: "Rather!" She laughed as she read it. "What a boy he is, after all!" she said aloud.
A week later she and Ronald were on the water.
She followed Crayven's journey mentally, step by step—the steamer to Port Said, the plunge into the desert. As she lay at night on deck, motionless for hours under her rugs, and watched the rush of the dark water into darkness, she thought of his long ride through the sands. She seemed to see him wrapped in the Arab cloak, his face rather tired but philosophically calm, as when she had seen it first. He was going back to his work—to danger, perhaps. The incident, for him, was over.
It was probable that she would never see him again. She breathed out an intense wish for his safety and well-being, into the vague night.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Parker, Nathan

Edition of 1879. See also the disclaimer.
PARKER, Nathan, an American clergyman, born in Reading, Mass., June 5, 1782, died in Portsmouth, N. H., Nov. 8, 1833. He graduated at Harvard college in 1803, became a tutor in Bowdoin college in 1805, and was ordained pastor of the South church in Portsmouth Sept. 14, 1808, which office he retained through life. When the division of the Congregational body in New England into two parties was recognized, he took his stand as a professed Unitarian. After his death a volume of his sermons was published, with a memoir by the Rev. Henry Ware, jr.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Palestrina, Giovanni Pietro Aloisio da

Edition of 1879. See also Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
PALESTRINA, Giovanni Pietro Aloisio da, an Italian composer, born in Palestrina in 1524, died in Rome, Feb. 2, 1594. In 1551, having gained some distinction as a composer, he was admitted among the singers of the pontifical chapel, and a few years later was made chapelmaster
by Pope Julius III., to whom he had dedicated four masses for four voices. He was the first upon whom this title was conferred. In 1555 he was dismissed from office by Paul IV. for having married, and for several years he was successively chapelmaster at the churches of St. John Lateran and Santa Maria Maggiore. In 1571 he was appointed chapelmaster of St. Peter's, and shortly after maestro to the congregation of the Oratory. The subject of improving ecclesiastical music having been referred by the council of Trent to a committee, a discussion arose respecting the secular tunes which then formed the principal themes of most masses and psalms. Palestrina, being called upon to compose a work in a more simple and devotional style, for the sake of contrast, produced his celebrated “Mass of Pope Marcellus.” His music, consisting chiefly of masses, psalms, motets, and madrigals, is grave and learned. A Stabat Mater, and specimens of his masses, motets, and madrigals, have been published by A. E. Choron, but the greater part of his works are to be found only in the large libraries of Europe. Some of his masses and motets are still employed in the service of the Roman Catholic church, and three of his motets adapted to versions of the Psalms are in use in the English cathedral service. — See Baini, Memorie della vita e delle opere di Palestrina (2 vols. 4to, Rome, 1828; German, Leipsic, 1834).
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Palo Alto (county)

Edition of 1879. See also Palo Alto County, Iowa on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
PALO ALTO, a N. W. county of Iowa, drained by the Des Moines river and its tributaries; area, 576 sq. m.; pop. in 1870, 1,336. The surface is generally level and the soil fertile. The chief productions in 1870 were 19,475 bushels of wheat, 22,336 of Indian corn, 19,976 of oats, 45,525 lbs. of butter, and 7,432 tons of hay. There were 349 horses, 760 milch cows, 1,642 other cattle, and 357 swine. Capital, Emmetsburg.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Palo Alto (wood)

Edition of 1879. See also Palo Alto, Texas on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
PALO ALTO (Sp., “tall timber”), a wood in S. Texas, about 8 m. N. N. E. of Matamoros, near which a battle was fought, May 8, 1846, between the Americans commanded by Gen. Taylor, and the Mexicans by Gen. Arista. Taylor had marched on May 1 from Fort Brown, opposite Matamoros, for the relief of Point Isabel, where he had a depot of provisions which was threatened by the Mexicans. Having made this place defensible, he started to return on the 7th. At noon on the 8th the enemy appeared in his front in a position to cut him off from Fort Brown. The action began with an artillery fire from the Mexicans and a cavalry attack with the lance. They were forced back, and the Americans advanced. After an engagement of five hours the Mexicans retreated. They numbered about 6,000, and their loss in killed was about 100. The Americans numbered about 2,300, and their loss was 4 killed and 40 wounded.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Parker, Willard

Edition of 1879. See also Willard Parker (surgeon) on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
PARKER, Willard, an American surgeon, born in Hillsboro, N. H., Sept. 2, 1800. He is the sixth in descent from one of five brothers who came from England in 1644 and settled at Chelmsford, Mass., to which place his father returned when Willard was five years old. He graduated at Harvard college in 1826, commenced the study of medicine under Dr. John C. Warren, the professor of surgery in Harvard university, and received the degree of M. D. there in 1830. He was at once appointed professor of anatomy in the Vermont medical college, and in the same year accepted the chair of anatomy in the Berkshire medical college, and in 1833 also that of surgery. In 1836 he was appointed professor of surgery in the Cincinnati medical college, and afterward spent some time in the hospitals of Paris and London. In 1839 he became professor of surgery in the college of physicians and surgeons of New York, which post he resigned after a service of 30 years, but accepted that of professor of clinical surgery, which he now holds (1875). In 1865 he was elected president of the New York state inebriate asylum at Binghamton, succeeding Dr. Valentine Mott. This was the first institution ever established for the treatment of inebriety as a disease. In 1870 he received the degree of LL. D. from the college of New Jersey at Princeton. Dr. Parker was the first to point out a condition which is known as concussion of the nerves, as distinguished from concussion of the nerve centres, and which had been previously mistaken for one of inflammation. The operation of cystotomy for the relief of chronic cystitis, and also that for the cure of abscess of the appendix vermiformis, are among his contributions to the art of surgery.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Parker, Peter

Edition of 1879. See also Peter Parker (physician) on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
PARKER, Peter, an American missionary, born in Framingham, Mass., June 18, 1804. He graduated at Yale college in 1831, studied theology and medicine there, and was ordained and went to China in 1834. He established a hospital at Canton, intended particularly for the treatment of eye diseases; but it was soon found impracticable to exclude patients suffering from other maladies. Over 2,000 patients were admitted the first year. In surgery Dr. Parker manifested remarkable skill and wrought wonderful cures, and the fame of the hospital spread rapidly. He often preached to its inmates, and trained several Chinese students in the arts of medicine and surgery, some of whom attained considerable skill. In 1840, on the occurrence of hostilities between England and China, the hospital was closed, and Dr. Parker revisited his native land. Returning to China in 1842, he reopened the hospital, and it was thronged as before. In 1845
he resigned his connection with the American board, and became a secretary and interpreter to the new embassy from the United States, still keeping the hospital in operation. In the absence of the minister Dr. Parker acted as chargé d'affaires. In 1855, finding his health seriously impaired, he again visited this country, but by special desire of the government returned the same year to China as commissioner, with full power to revise the treaty of 1844. He acted in this capacity until a change of administration in 1857; and his health again failing, he has since resided in the United States. He has published “A Statement respecting Hospitals in China” (London, 1841), and an account of his visit to the Loo Choo islands and Japan in 1837.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Parker

Edition of 1879. See also Parker County, Texas on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
PARKER, a N. county of Texas, intersected by the Brazos river; area, 900 sq. m.; pop. in 1870, 4,186, of whom 293 were colored. It consists of prairie and woodland in about equal proportions. The soil is productive. Wheat, corn, cotton, and fruits and vegetables thrive. The chief productions in 1870 were 13,658 bushels of wheat, 70,685 of Indian corn, 10,905 of oats, 13 bales of cotton, and 20,050 lbs. of butter. There were 1,497 horses, 1,222 milch cows, 10,348 other cattle, 944 sheep, and 4,383 swine. Capital, Weatherford.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Parker, Matthew

Edition of 1879. See also Matthew Parker on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
PARKER, Matthew, the second Protestant archbishop of Canterbury, born in Norwich, Aug. 6, 1504, died in London, May 17, 1575. He entered Corpus Christi college, Cambridge, in 1520, and in 1527 was ordained, made M. A., and received a fellowship, and was offered by Cardinal Wolsey a professorship in his newly founded college at Oxford. In 1533 he received a license to preach, and soon after became chaplain to Anne Boleyn, dean of the college of Stoke Clare in 1535, chaplain to Henry VIII. in 1537, master of Corpus Christi college in 1544, vice chancellor of Cambridge university in 1545, and dean of Lincoln in 1552. Upon the outbreak of Kett's insurrection in 1549,
he had the boldness to preach to the rebels in their camp, exhorting them to submission. Having married in 1547, he was deprived upon the accession of Queen Mary of his offices, and during her reign was obliged to remain in obscurity. Part of this time he spent in translating the Psalms into English verse, and writing a treatise entitled “A Defence of Priests' Marriages.” On the accession of Queen Elizabeth he was chosen archbishop of Canterbury, and on Dec. 17, 1559, consecrated in Lambeth chapel. He successfully combated the queen's lingering affection for the use of images, filled all the vacant sees with men of decided Protestant opinions, and strove to render the rites and ceremonies of the church as uniform as possible. He founded several schools, and made many valuable presents to the colleges at Cambridge, besides establishing scholarships and fellowships. He was one of the first chosen to review the “Book of Common Prayer,” and the revision called the “Bishop's Bible” was made in great part under his inspection, and published at his expense in 1568. He published a Saxon homily on the sacraments, and caused to be printed the chronicles of Matthew of Westminster, Matthew Paris, and Thomas Walsingham, and Asser's “Life of King Alfred.” The work entitled De Antiquitate Britannicæ Ecclesiæ (1572) is commonly attributed to him, and without doubt he had much to do with its preparation.
# The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin/Section Ten
## Section Ten

My Brother had in 1720 or 21, begun to print a Newspaper. It was the second that appear’d in America, & was called The New England Courant. The only one before it, was The Boston News Letter. I remember his being dissuaded by some of his Friends from the Undertaking, as not likely to succeed, one Newspaper being in their Judgment enough for America. At this time 1771 there are not less than five & twenty. He went on however with the Undertaking, and after having work’d in composing the Types & printing off the Sheets I was employ’d to carry the Papers thro’ the Streets to the Customers. He had some ingenious Men among his Friends who amus’d themselves by writing little Pieces for this Paper, which gain’d it Credit, & made it more in Demand; and these Gentlemen often visited us. Hearing their Conversations, and their Accounts of the Approbation their Papers were receiv’d with, I was excited to try my Hand among them. But being still a Boy, & suspecting that my Brother would object to printing any Thing of mine in his Paper if he knew it to be mine, I contriv’d to disguise my Hand, & writing an anonymous Paper I put it in at Night under the Door of the Printinghouse. It was found in the Morning & communicated to his Writing Friends when they call’d in as usual. They read it, commented on it in my Hearing, and I had the exquisite Pleasure, of finding it met with their Approbation, and that in their different Guesses at the Author none were named but Men of some Character among us for Learning & Ingenuity. I suppose now that I was rather lucky in my Judges: And that perhaps they were not really so very good ones as I then esteem’d them. Encourag’d however by this, I wrote and convey’d in the same Way to the Press several more Papers, which were equally approv’d, and I kept my Secret till my small Fund of Sense for such Performances was pretty well exhausted, & then I discovered it; when I began to be considered a little more by my Brother’s Acquaintance, and in a manner that did not quite please him, as he thought, probably with reason, that it tended to make me too vain. And perhaps this might be one Occasion of the Differences that we frequently had about this Time. Tho’ a Brother, he considered himself as my Master, & me as his Apprentice; and accordingly expected the same Services from me as he would from another; while I thought he demean’d me too much in some he requir’d of me, who from a Brother expected more Indulgence. Our Disputes were often brought before our Father, and I fancy I was either generally in the right, or else a better Pleader, because the Judgment was generally in my favor: But my Brother was passionate & had often beaten me, which I took extremely amiss; and thinking my Apprenticeship very tedious, I was continually wishing for some Opportunity of shortening it, which at length offered in a manner unexpected*