OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Sarg

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Sarg. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Sarg, masculine, ‘coffin,’ from Middle High German sarc (genitive sarkes) and sarch (genitive sarches), masculine, ‘coffin, vault, grave,’ also generally ‘shrine, receptacle,’ Old High German saruh, sarch, masculine, ‘sarcophagus, coffin’; compare Dutch zerk, ‘gravestone.’ Romance has a corresponding class in Modern French cercueil, ‘coffin,’ and its earlier cognates. The ordinary derivation from σαρκοφάγος, ‘sarcophagus,’ was repudiated as early as Lessing, because Sarg in Middle High German ‘signified in countless passages a receptacle generally, a water vessel, a trough, a shrine for idols or saints’; perhaps the Greek term has helped to determine the Modern High German meaning and the spelling of the word with g. As yet nothing definite has been discovered concerning this probably Teutonic word. It may be connected with Old Icelandic serkr, ‘shirt,’ since the Aryan root serg in Lithuanian sérgėti (Old Slovenian strěgą, strěšti), ‘to watch over, guard,’ has a general signification (Sarg, ‘receptacle’).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Salz

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Salz. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Salz, neuter, ‘salt,’ from the equivalent Middle High German and Old High German salz, neuter; corresponding to the equivalent Gothic salt, Anglo-Saxon sealt, neuter, English salt, Dutch zout, Old Saxon salt (also an adjective Old Icelandic saltr, Anglo-Saxon sealt, ‘salty, saline’). The specifically Teutonic form sal-ta- (whence Lappish saltte) is of course related to Latin sal, Greek ἅλς; compare further Old Slovenian solĭ, Lettic sâls, Old Irish salann, ‘salt.’ The lengthened pre-Teutonic root sald appears also in Latin sallere, ‘to salt,’ with the assimilation of ld to ll; in Lithuanian the corresponding adjective saldùs has the remarkable signification ‘sweet’ (Lithuanian druskà, ‘salt,’ is connected with Lettic druska, ‘crumb.’ Among the Eastern Aryans a cognate term is wanting, the word salt, curiously enough, not being intentioned in the Rig-Veda. Perhaps the Western Aryans, in their migration, got their knowledge of the mineral from a civilised tribe that has also exercised an influence on European languages in other instances (compare Silber). That a graded form could be constructed from even a foreign term admits of no doubt (see Sülze). Perhaps the divergence between Teutonic salta- and Greek Latin sal- is due to differences anterior to the period in which the word was borrowed.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Same

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Same. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Same, masculine, ‘seed, semen, spawn,’ from Middle High German sâme, Old High German and Old Saxon sâmo, masculine, ‘grain of seed, seed, descendants, field, soil’; a derivative of the root sê, ‘to sow,’ contained in Saat and säen. Corresponding to Latin sêmen, Old Slovenian sěmę, ‘seed,’ Lithuanian sėmů, ‘seed’; an Aryan neuter sê-mn-, with a suffix men, is implied; the same suffix appears in Keim and Blume. A different derivation is indicated by Old Irish síl and Lithuanian sėklà, ‘seed’ (primary form sêtla}.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Sardelle

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Sardelle. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Sardelle, feminine, ‘sardine,’ first occurs in Modern High German, from Italian sardella (Middle Latin sarda, properly ‘the Sardinian’), a variant of sardina.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Sand

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Sand. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Sand, masculine, ‘sand,’ from the equivalent Middle High German sant (genitive sandes), Old High German sant (genitive -tes), masculine; corresponding to the equivalent Old Saxon sand, masculine and neuter, Dutch zand, Anglo-Saxon sǫnd, neuter, English sand, Old Icelandic sandr, masculine (Gothic *sanda-, masculine and neuter, is by chance not recorded). They represent pre-Teutonic samdho-, samadho- (in Teutonic m before d is changed into n; see Rand, Hundert, and Schande); compare Greek ἄμαθος, ‘sand.’ The equivalent Bavarian and Tyrolean samp (Middle High German sampt), from Old High German *samat, corresponds exactly to the Greek word; compare further English dialectic samel, ‘sandy soil,’ with Latin sabulum, from *samulum?.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Samt

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Samt. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Samt, masculine, ‘velvet,’ from the equivalent Middle High German samît, samâdt, masculine; borrowed in the Middle High German period from Romance; compare Middle Latin samîtum, Italian sciamito, Old French samit. The ultimate source is Middle Latin examîtum, Modern Greek ἐξάμιτον, ‘a stuff made of six twisted threads’ (Greek μὲτος, ‘thread’), whence also Old Slovenian aksamitŭ, ‘velvet.’ Spanish and Portuguese terciopelo, ‘velvet,’ literally ‘consisting of triple threads,’ is similarly formed.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Sarder

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Sarder. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Sarder, masculine, ‘sardel, sardine,’ from late Middle High German sarde, Middle High German usually sardîn, masculine, ‘a precious stone’; from Middle Latin sarda (Greek σάρδιον).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Krapfen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Krapfen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Krapfen (1.), Krappe, masculine, from the equivalent Middle High German krâpfe (Middle German krâpe), masculine, ‘a kind of pastry, fritter'; Old High German chrâpfo, masculine, originally identical with the following word; so called from the hooked form of the pastry.
Krapfen (2.), masculine, ‘cramp, hook, dung-fork,’ from Middle High German krâpfe, krâpe, masculine, ‘hook, cramp,’ Old High German chrâpfo, ‘hook,’ also ‘claw, talon’; the Gothic form. *knêppa is wanting, nor is the word found in the other Teutonic languages; before the High German permutation of consonants it passed in the form grappo, grapo into Romance (Italian grappa, ‘cramp, talon,’ French grappin, ‘grapnel’). Compare further English craple, ‘claw, talon.’ It is doubtful whether Old High German chrâcho (Gothic krêkka), masculine, ‘hooked instrument,’ and Scandinavian kraki, masculine, ‘stake,’ are allied. The stem of Krapfen appears in a nasal form in Old High German chrampf, ‘curved,’ and Old High German chrampfa, chrampho, masculine, ‘iron hook’ (compare French crampon, ‘cramp, borrowed from Old High German). Consequently Krapfen is connected with Krampf.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Krause

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Krause. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Krause, feminine, ‘pitcher with a lid,’ from Middle High German krûse, feminine, ‘pitcher, earthenware drinking vessel’; Old High German *chrûsa, feminine; Middle Dutch kruise, Anglo-Saxon *crûse, Middle English crûse, English cruse; Scandinavian krús, ‘pitcher with a lid.’ It is not immediately connected with High German Krug. That the word is of foreign origin seems certain, yet the ultimate source cannot be Greek κρωσσός, ‘pitcher.’ See the following word.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Kraut

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Kraut. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Kraut, neuter, ‘herb, vegetable, weed,’ from ​Middle High German krût, neuter, ‘small foliated plant, herb, vegetable,’ especially ‘cabbage,’ Old High German krût, Old Saxon crûd; Dutch kruid, neuter, ‘herb, spice, gunpowder’ (the last meaning is also found in Middle High German from the 14th century); Middle English crûdewain (Dutch kruidwagen), ‘ammunition waggon,’ seems to have been borrowed. Gothic *krûþ (genitive *krûdis), neuter, might be taken for krû-da-, with the suffix da- from tó (Aryan grû-tó-). Greek γρύτη, ‘lumber, trash,’ does not agree in meaning. Perhaps the word should be connected rather with the Greek root βρυ- for gru; compare βρύω, ‘to swell,’ ἔμβρυον, ‘embryo,’ βρύον, ‘moss.’ From German is derived French choucroute, masculine, ‘pickled cabbage.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Kreis

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Kreis. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Kreis, masculine, ‘circle, orbit, sphere,’ from Middle High German kreiȥ, masculine, ‘circumference, circuit, division of a country district’; Old High German chreiȥ, pointing to Gothic *kraits, and D, krijt to. Gothic *kreits, Compare Middle High German krîȥen (Middle German), ‘to make a circle.’ The word cannot be traced beyond German; it is not allied to Kranz and Kring. Compare kritzeln.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Kreppel

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Kreppel. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Kreppel, see Kräppel.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Kretschem

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Kretschem. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Kretschem, Kretscham, masculine, from the equivalent Middle High German kretschem, kretscheme, masculine, ‘village tavern,’ a Slavonic loan-word; Bohemian krčma, Wend. korčma, Polish karczma, ‘tavern.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Krebs

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Krebs. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Krebs, masculine, ‘crayfish,’ from the equivalent Middle High German krëbeȥe, krëbeȥ, Old High German chrëbiȥ, chrëbaȥo, masculine; compare Dutch kreeft, masculine, ‘crayfish’; allied to Low German Krabbe. The German word passed at an early period into Romance (compare French écrevisse, ‘cray fish,’ and crevette, ‘shrimp’). It is not connected with Greek κάραβος, but rather with Old High German chrâpfo, ‘hook’; Krebs, literally ‘hooked or claw fish’?. See Krapfen (2).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Kresse

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Kresse. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Kresse (1.), feminine, ‘cress, from the equivalent Middle High German kręsse, Old High German chręsso, masculine, chressa, feminine; corresponding to Dutch kers, kors, feminine, Anglo-Saxon cœrse, feminine, English cress. This word, which is probably peculiar to West Teutonic, found its way to the North—Dan. karse, Swedish krasse, Lettic kresse; it was also adopted by the Romance languages — French cresson, Italian crescione. The assumption that the Romance words contain the original form is opposed by the early appearance of the term in the old West Teutonic languages. It is true that no plausible explanation of Old High German chręsso (Gothic *krasja?) has been put forward; Old High German chrësan, Middle High German krësen, krîsen, ‘to crawl,’ seems unrelated.
Kresse (2.), feminine, ‘gudgeon,’ from the equivalent Middle High German kresse, Old High German chresso, masculine. Different from Kresse (1). The fish is thus named only in German, and hence the term is not diffused in West Teutonic like the preceding word.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Kreide

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Kreide. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Kreide, feminine, ‘chalk,’ from the equivalent Middle High German krîde, late Old High German krîda, feminine; ultimate source Latin crêta, feminine, ‘Cretan earth’ The change from Latin ê to High German î cannot be explained by the Modern Greek pronunciation of Crete (compare Middle High German Krîde, Scandinavian Krít, ‘Crete’), since there are other instances in which Latin ê appears in High German loan-words,, as î; compare Feier, and especially Seide. Besides, the word crêta, ‘Cretan earth,’ is unknown to. Greek. The more precise history of the adoption of High German krîda is obscure (the corresponding words in Romance are Italian creta and French craie).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Kreisel

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Kreisel. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Kreisel, see Kräusel.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/fluchen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/fluchen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ fluchen, vb., from the equiv. MidHG. vluochen, OHG. fluohhôn, ‘to curse, imprecate,’ with an existent str. partic. OHG. farfluohhan, ‘depraved, wicked’; comp. OSax. farflôken, ‘accursed’; Goth. flôkan (not *flêkan), str. vb., ‘to lament,’ Du. vloeken, ‘to curse, execrate,’ In E. and Scand. the Teut. root flôk does not occur. Goth. flôkan, ‘to lament, bewail,’ shows the earlier meaning of the cognates; the root flôk, from pre-Teut. plâg, may be connected with Lat. plangere, ‘to strike, mourn,’ Gr. root, πλαγ in πλήσσω (ἐξεπλάγη), ‘to strike.’ The Lat. verb facilitates the transition of the meaning ‘to strike,’ ‘to lament,’ then ‘to imprecate, curse.’ —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/flößen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/flößen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ flößen, flötzen, vb., ‘to float (timber), skim (milk),’ from MidHG. vlœȥen, vlœtzen, ‘to cause to flow, wash down (soil),’ factitive of fließen. The MidHG. forms with ȥ and tz correspond to those of heißen, reißen (MidHG. heiȥen-heitzen, reiȥen-reitzen), and are based upon a Goth. inflexion flautja, flauteis, since tj leads, through the medium of tt, to HG. tz, but t without j to ȥ.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/flüstern

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/flüstern | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ flüstern, vb., ‘to whisper,’ earlier ModHG. flistern, from OHG. flistran, ‘to caress,’ to which the old (also Swiss) forms flismen, flispern, ‘to whisper,’ are allied; comp. also Du. fluisteren.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/flugs

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/flugs | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ flugs, adv., ‘hastily, quickly,’ a gen. of Flug, MidHG. fluges, ‘quickly.’
flugs, see Flug.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/foltern

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/foltern | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ foltern, vb., ‘to put to the rack, torture,’ from late MidHG. vultern, ‘to put on the rack.’ Akin to Folter, ‘rack,’ early ModHG only. of obscure origin. It is ​most frequently considered to be partly translated and partly borrowed from MidLat. pulletrus, poledrus, prop. ‘colt,’ which signifies ‘rack’ in Span. and Port. (potro), “like Lat. equuleus from equus, because it bore some resemblance to a horse.” MidLat. poledrum is derived again from Gr. πῶλος, ‘foal.’ “The wooden horse and the wooden ass — frames with a sharp-edged back, upon which the delinquents were compelled to ride — were favourite instruments of torture.”
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/flott

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/flott | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ flott, adj., ‘afloat; merry, luxurious,’ first occurs in ModHG. from LG.; comp. Du. vlot, ‘floating, swimming’; it is connected with fließen, Floß, but has, like Flotte, Sax. the dental medially, hence it must be assumed that the word was borrowed from LG.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/folgen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/folgen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ folgen, vb., ‘to follow, succeed, result, obey,’ from the equiv. MidHG. volgen, OHG. folgên; comp. Du. volgen, AS. fylgan, folgian, E. to follow, OIc. fylgja; the verb common to West Teut. and Scand. for ‘follow,’ which has supplanted the common Aryan verbal root seg (see sehen), Lat. sequi. The origin of the cognates is uncertain. There are indications that the verbal stem is a compound; the first component may be voll; comp. AS. ful-eóde, ‘he followed,’ AS. and OLG. fulgangan, OHG. fola gân, ‘to follow.’ Consequently gehen (OHG. gên, gân) is the second part of the word. The composite nature of the word is supported by the fact that there are no old and widely diffused derivatives of the verb. It is true that the connection between the sense ‘to follow’ and the prefix voll has not yet been explained. —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/flunkern

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/flunkern | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ flunkern, vb., to glimmer,’ from the older ModHG. flinken, ‘to shine’; see flink. In the orig. sense ‘to brag,’ which is probably LG., it is still the same word; ‘to cause to shine’ forms the link between the meanings.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/flügge

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/flügge | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ flügge, adj., ‘fledged,’ a LG. form for the strictly HG. flücke, MidHG. vlücke, OHG. flucchi, ‘able to fly.’ Akin to MidDu. vlugghe, with LG. permutation, E. fledged; prop. a verbal adj. from fliegen, with the meaning ‘capable of flying.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/flüssig

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/flüssig | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ flüssig, adj., ‘fluid, liquid,’ from MidHG. vlüȥȥec, ‘liquid, flowing,’ OHG. fluȥȥig; like Fluß, a specifically HG. form.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/meckern

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/meckern | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ meckern, vb., ‘to bleat,’ ModHG. only; MidHG. has an equiv. word by a different derivation from the same stem, mëchzen, ‘to bleat,’ allied to MidHG. mëcke, m., ‘he-goat,’ as a nickname (Goth. *m(illegible text)gga, ‘he-goat,’ is wanting). Comp. the pre-Teut. root mak in Gr. μηκάομας, ‘to bleat.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/mehrer

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/mehrer | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ mehrer, adj., ‘greater, several,’ from MidHG. mêrer, compar. adj. See mehr.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/melk

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/melk | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ melk, adj., ‘giving milk, milch,’ from the equiv. MidHG. mële, mëlch, OHG. mëlch (equiv. to AS. mëlc), adj.; comp. OIc. mjolkr, milkr, MidE. milche, E. milch, adj. (AS. *mylče is wanting); a verbal adj. from melken.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/mehr

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/mehr | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ mehr, adj. and adv., ‘more,’ from MidHG. mêr; compar. of viel; also, doubly compared, mêrer, mē̆rre, ‘greater or larger’ (of space, number, and value); further indeclin. mêre, mêr, mê, ‘plus’; OHG. mêr, undeclin. neu. and compar. adv., ‘more, plus, magis, amplius,’ adj. mêro, ‘major, greater’ (also with the addition of the compar. suffix mêrôro, mêriro, ‘major’). OHG. mêro originated in maizo, Goth. maiza, the -iza- of which is the OTeut. compar. suffix (comp. besser, Goth. batiza; höher, Goth. hauhiza); comp. AS. mâ, adv. and neu. subst., ‘more,’ adj. mâra, E. more. The corresponding superl. is meist. Goth. maiza, for *majiza, belongs, with the Goth. superl. maists (see meist), to the Teut. adj. mê-rs, ‘projecting,’ discussed under Märchen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/meiden

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/meiden | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ meiden, vb., ‘to avoid, shun, refrain,’ from MidHG. mîden, ‘to dispense with, suffer want, eschew, forsake, refrain from’; OHG. mîdan, ‘to hide oneself from, keep secret, eschew, refrain from’; comp. OSax. mîthan, AS. mîðan, ‘to hide, conceal, refrain from.’ The orig. sense of the cognates seems to be ‘to hide, remain far from,’ but definitely related terms are wanting; Lat. amitto, Lith. pa-metù, ‘to thrown away,’ are not connected. For other words similar in sound see under miß and missen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/mein

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/mein | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ mein, poss. pron., ‘my,’ from MidHG. and OHG. mîn; in the same form it is the common Teut. poss. pron. from the stem me- of the pers. pron. (mir, mich, thus even in MidHG. and OHG.). This stem me- (in Goth. mi-s, ‘to me,’ mi-k, ‘me,’ acc.) is ​according to Lat. meus, mihi, Gr. μέ, Sans. ma, common to the Aryan division. Further details belong to grammar.