OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Voss, Gerhard Johann

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
VOSS, GERHARD JOHANN (fōs), usually styled Vossius, a Dutch philologist; born near Heidelberg, in 1577. In certain departments of archæophilology he made valuable original researches; and he was the first to indicate the historical evolution of the Latin language. Among his writings are: “Essays on Rhetoric; or, The Institutes of Oratory,”
his greatest work (1606); “The Greek Historians” (1624); “The Latin Historians” (1627); “Aristarchus; or, On the Art of Grammar” (1635); “Of Errors of Speech and Latino-Barbarous Terms” (1640); “Heathen Theology” (1642); “The Times of the Ancient Poets” (1654); “Etymology of the Latin Language” (1662). The “Correspondence of Vossius with Eminent Men” was published in 1691. He died in Amsterdam, March 19, 1649.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Voss, Julius von

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
VOSS, JULIUS VON, a German story-writer; born in Brandenburg, Germany, Aug. 24, 1768. His rapidity of literary production was almost without a parallel. His best story is “The Schildbürger” (The Fooltownite: 1823). He wrote a great many comedies, farces, and satirical parodies. In “The Strahlau Haul of Fish” (1822, a popular piece with songs, in the Berlin patois) he gives the first example of the Berlinese farce. He died in Berlin, Nov. 1, 1832.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Voss, Richard

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
VOSS, RICHARD, a German poet; called the “Tired Man”; born in Neugrape in Pomerania, Prussia, Sept. 2, 1851. Among his dramatic compositions are: “Savonarola”; “Magda”; “The Patrician Dame”; “Luigia Sanfelice”; “Father Modestus”; “Woe to the Vanquished”; “Eve”; “Betwixt Two Hearts”; “At Sedan.” In narrative verse he wrote: “A Hill Asylum”; “Roman Village Tales”; “Messalina.” Among his novels are: “Life Tragedy of an Actress”; “The New Romans”; “Children of the South”; “Villa Falconieri”; “Amata”; “The Sabine”; etc. He excels in description of Italian lowly life.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Waltham

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
WALTHAM, a city in Middlesex co., Mass.; on both sides of the Charles river, and on the Boston and Maine railroad; 10 miles W. of Boston. It contains a public library, the Leland Home for Aged Women, a hospital, Home for the Feeble-minded, waterworks, street railroad and electric light plants. National and savings banks, and several daily and weekly newspapers. The city is widely known for its manufacture of watches, for which there are several establishments, one of which is the largest watch factory in the world, in which watch making by machinery on an extensive scale was first attempted. Here also was built the first cotton mill in the United States where all the operations of cotton manufacture were conducted under one roof. The other industries include the manufacture of crayons, hosiery, brass goods, aeroplanes, bicycles, electric clocks, etc. Pop. (1910) 27,834; (1920) 30,915.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Vosges Mountains

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
VOSGES MOUNTAINS, a range of hills in the E. of France, bounding the valley of the Rhine on the W. and parallel with the Schwarzwald in Baden. They are connected in the N. with the Hardt in Rhenish Bavaria, in the S. W. with the Faucilles, the Côte-d'Or, and the Cévennes, and in the S. they unite with offsets from the Jura. The summits are usually rounded, hence called ballons, and are covered with a rich green turf, on which for six months of the year large herds of cattle graze. Their sides are clothed with forests of fir, oak, and beech. Their highest summits range from 3,000 to over 4,000 feet, culminating in Ballon de Gebweiler, 4,700 feet above the sea. In those mountains was carried on severe and almost persistent fighting during the World War.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Walther von der Vogelweide

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
WALTHER VON DER VOGELWEIDE (fō'gl-vi-de), the most eminent of the old German lyric poets of the class of Minnesingers; born about 1170. His earliest patrons were Duke Leopold VI. of Austria and his son, Frederick. Subsequently he visited, for shorter and longer periods, the courts of most German princes, who were in favor of an imperial as against a papal policy. The Emperor Frederick II. provided him with a small estate near Würzburg, where he seems to have always retired when disgusted with traveling, the courts, and intrigues. He was a politician and reformer as well as a poet, and his verses breathe a liberalism far in advance of his times; while the subjects of his favorite love songs are noble women. He died in Würzburg, about 1230.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Voss, Johann Heinrich

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
VOSS, JOHANN HEINRICH, a German poet; born in Sommersdorf, Germany, Feb. 20, 1751. He received a scanty school education, acted for a time as private tutor in a family, and in 1772 went to Göttingen, where he studied the classical and modern languages, and was one of the founders of the Göttingen Dichterbund, or Poet's Union. In 1775 he retired to Wandsbeck, in order to edit the “Almanac of the Muses,” which he published till 1800. In 1778 he became rector of a school at Otterndorf, in Hanover, and in 1782 went as rector to Eutin. In 1805 he became professor at Heidelberg. Between 1785 and 1802 he published several volumes of original poems, the best of which is the idyl, “Luise.” Among his translations that of Homer's works is undoubtedly the greatest, being the classical German version of these great epics. A translation of Shakespeare, which he undertook with his sons, was published in nine volumes in 1829. He died in Heidelberg, March 29, 1826.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Wait

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
WAIT, one of a body of minstrels or musical watchmen attached to the households of kings and other great persons, who paraded an assigned district sounding the hours at night. Many cities and towns, both English and foreign, encouraged and licensed their waits, Exeter among other places having a regular company as early as the year 1400. As a plural, the word was sometimes used to describe those who acted as the town musicians, but did not do duty as
watchmen, and any company of performers when employed as serenaders. The instruments used were a species of hautboys, called also shawms, and from their use “waits.” Also one of a band of persons who promenade the streets during the night and early morning about Christmas or New Year, performing music appropriate to the season.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Waite, Morrison Remich

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
WAITE, MORRISON REMICH, an American jurist; born in Lyme, Conn., Nov. 29, 1816; was graduated at Yale University in 1837; studied law and practiced in Ohio; member of the Ohio legislature 1849-1850; in 1871 was appointed one of the attorneys to represent the United States before the tribunal of arbitration at Geneva; nominated by President Grant to be chief justice of the United States Supreme Court in 1874, and was unanimously confirmed by the Senate. He died in Washington, D. C., March 23, 1888.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Walrus

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​WALRUS, in zoölogy, the Trichechus rosmarus, called also the morse, seahorse, and sea cow. The walrus is now confined to the regions within the Arctic Circle, though its extinct ancestors had a much wider geographical range. It is a large carnivorous marine mammal, ordinarily from 10 to 12 feet long, with a girth of nearly as much; it is said that it sometimes attains a length of 20 feet; muzzle abruptly truncated, with long and remarkably strong bristly moustaches; small eyes; external ear wanting, though the orifice is distinctly visible; body large and sack-like, tapering toward the tall; hind limbs short, connected by a membrane which covers the tail, fore limbs strong
WALRUS
and stumpy, all with five digits. The hide is of a tawny brown color, with difficulty penetrated by bullets, and has been likened to a tough, flexible coat of mail. The upper canines are developed in adults of both sexes into immense tusks, each from 15 inches to 2 feet long and weighing 10 pounds and upward. In some individuals the points converge toward, and in others they diverge from each other. The most important function of these tusks is digging shell fish, the favorite food of the walrus, out of the banks and mud of shoal water. They also raise the body out of the water, by digging into ice floes, which probably gave rise to the legend of the rosmarine; and they form terrible weapons of offense, as by a quick turn of the neck the animal can strike upward, downward, or sideways with equal dexterity. Walruses are gregarious, and are found on the seashore and on ice floes; some keep guard while those of the main body sleep, and when danger threatens the sentinels awaken the others by bellowing. They are said to be monogamous, and the female brings forth at nine months one calf, usually on the ice floes. In disposition they are quiet and inoffensive, unless attacked or during the love season, or if their young are in danger; when they become desperately aggressive, and furiously attack the hunters on the ice or in boats. The number of walrus, owing to reckless slaughter by sealers and whalers, are fast decreasing, and the few remaining seek unfrequented spots in high latitudes inaccessible to sealers. At one time there was a considerable trade in walrus hunting, but it is now at a very low ebb; the tusks alone have any commercial value at the present time; but formerly walrus hides were used for various purposes, such as machine bands, etc.
# Catullus, Tibullus, and Propertius

Ancient Classics for English Readers
EDITED BY THE
REV. W. LUCAS COLLINS, M.A.
(SUPPLEMENTARY SERIES.)
CATULLUS, TIBULLUS,
AND
PROPERTIUS
CATULLUS, TIBULLUS,
AND
PROPERTIUS
BY THE
REV. JAMES DAVIES, M.A.
PREPENDARY OF HEREFORD CATHEDRAL; FORMERLY SCHOLAR OF LINCOLN COLLEGE, OXFORD
WILLIAM BLACKWOOD AND SONS
EDINBURGH AND LONDON
MDCCCLXXVI
PREFACE.
In the following chapters special acknowledgment is due to Mr Theodore Martin for numberless extracts from his admirable and now perfected version of Catullus; and an almost equal debt has been incurred to Dr James Cranstoun by loans on his Tibullus and Propertius, both of them scholarly performances, and at present the most adequate English versions of those poets in a complete form. Through the kindness of friends, and the publicity of reviews, some variety has been imparted to the translations—e.g., in poems of Catullus rendered by Mr R. Doddridge Blackmore, the author of 'Lorna Doone;' in the "Nuptials of Peleus and Thetis," a portion of which has been given in a free translation by the Rev. A. C. Auchmuty; and in pieces of Catullus and Propertius, borrowed from Hummel and Brodribb's 'Lays from Latin Lyres' (1876: Longmans); and from the late Sir Edmund Head's 'Ballads and ​Poems' (Smith & Elder: 1868), in which the translations of Propertius are sadly too few. In the course of the work the writer has found that it is perfectly vain to expect the reader to take kindly to the versions of Professor Robinson Ellis; but he may tolerate the few that are given for their exact literality and evident scholarship. Mr Paley's versions, where they have been used, will be found to combine poetic feeling with these merits. It has seemed well to designate all the versions of the three poets for which the author of the volume is himself responsible with the letter "D.;" and he desires to plead for these not so much a claim of superiority to other versions, as a scruple to avail himself of the honey of other bees, without samples and contributions from his own hive. There is room for even more workers in this special field of translation; and the volume will have done good if it inspires a friendly rivalry in rendering three specially delightful poets into congenial English.
J. D.
Moor Court, September 1, 1876.
CONTENTS.
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/A/Ariose cantate

Ariose cantate. (I.) A kind of speaking airs. The ariose cantate, by introducing frequent changes of measure and manner, first served to draw the line between air and recitative.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/A/Ariosti, Attilio

Ariosti, Attilio. This master, was born about 1660, at Bologna, and intended for the priest-hood. But he had, in early youth, such a passion for music, that, defeating all the intentions of his family, he devoted his whole time to the study of it, and, in spite of all remonstrances, determined to make it his profession. He was known in Germany much earlier than in England, having composed. "La Festa d'Imenei," and "Atis," at Brandenburg, in 1700, where he was appointed chapel-master to the electrice. But before he quitted Italy we find his name en-rolled among the opera composers at Bologna and Venice ; in the first city he set an act of Apostolo Zeno's "Daphne," in 1696 ; and in the second the opera of Erifile, "La Gloria delta Poesia e della Musica." Here he is called Padre Attilio Ariosti, Servita Bolognese; and it is believed that he had been regularly initiated as a Dominican friar, but that, by a dispensation from the pope, he had been excepted from the rule of his order, and permitted to exercise a secular profession. In 1706, he composed "Nabucodonosor," an oratorio, for Vienna ; and in the same year, the opera called "La pia gloriosa Fatica d'Ercole," for his native city, Bologna. 1708, we find him again at Vienna, when he set to music the opera of "Amor tra Nemici" His first arrival in England was in the year 1716, where, it appears by the "London Courant," that at the sixth representation of Handel's "Amadis," July 12, he performed a new symphony on the viole d'amour, an instrument unknown in England till that time. We hear no more of him till the establishment of the Royal Academy of Music in 1721, when he composed the opera of "Ciro," or "Odio ed Amore," the first act of "Musio Scevola," and afterwards "Caius Marcius Coriolanus," and "Vespasiano." Respecting the opera of "Music Scevola," we should mention that the directors chose to divide the task of setting it to music among their three composers ; assigning to Attilio the first act, Bononcini the second, and Handel the third. This opera has been thought to form an epoch in Handel's life ; as it has been concluded, though without sufficient proof; that the partition of the same drama among the three composers was a premeditated plan, to try their several abilities and determine preeminence. But it seems to have been thus distributed merely for greater despatch, without meaning it as a final competition. The same expedient has been frequently practised in Italy, for variety as well as expedition, when two or three great masters have been in the city ; and nothing was deter-mined in consequence of this concurrence in London. When Ariosti was at Berlin, he gave Handel (then a child) lessons on the harpsichord, holding him, it is said, for hours together on his knees.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/A/Aristides Quintilianus

Aristides Quintilianus, a Grecian musician, lived about the year 130. Three of his books on music are still extant.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/A/Aristocles

Aristocles. A Greek composer and performer on the flute and cithara at Athens in the time of Xerxes.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/A/Aristonymus

Aristonymus. A renowned performer as the cithara, at Athens.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/A/Aristeas

Aristeas, an ancient Grecian, wrote a book relating to performers on the cithara.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/A/Aristonicus

Aristonicus, a performer on the cithara at Corcyra, was in the service of King Philip of Macedonia.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/A/Arioso

Arioso. (I.) Air-like ; melodious. By this word the performer is to understand that the style of the music requires a performance smooth, graceful, and singing in its style.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/A/Arisi, F

Arisi, F., doctor of laws at Cremona, died in 1743 He left a work, dated 1706, containing a list of the celebrated musicians of the seventeenth century.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/A/Aristonous

Aristonous, a famous flute player, gained six prizes at the Pythian games.
# Commentaries on the Gallic War

The translation is based on W. A. McDevitte and W. S. Bohn (1869). Original Latin title: "Commentarii de Bello Gallico", sometimes abbreviated as "Bell. Gall."

## Contents

* Book 1 - 58 BC: Caesar defeats the migrating Helvetii, and the Suebi under Ariovistus
* Book 2 - 57 BC: Caesar defeats the Belgae
* Book 3 - 56 BC: Caesar conducts a naval campaign against the Veneti; Publius Crassus subdues the Aquitani
* Book 4 - 55 BC: Caesar throws a bridge over the Rhine and makes his first expedition to Britain
* Book 5 - 54 BC
* Book 6 - 53 BC
* Book 7 - 52 BC: Caesar defeats a Gallic revolt under the Arverni chieftain Vercingetorix
* Book 8 - 51 BC (by Aulus Hirtius)
# Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996/2005-12-23/Schedule 6A

Schedule 6A
Retention of membership of National Assembly or provincial legislature, after a change of party membership, mergers between parties, subdivision of parties and subdivision and merger of parties
Definition
1.
Retention of membership of legislature in event of change of party membership
2.
(1)
(2)
Retention of membership of legislature in event of mergers, subdivision and subdivision and merger of parties
3.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(2)
Period of application of items 2 and 3 and further requirements
4.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(2)
(3)
(a)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
by informing the Speaker of the legislature thereof in writing and by submitting to the Speaker written confirmation from the other party of the names of all members involved in the merger or subdivision, and that the party has accepted the merger; and
(c)
(i)
(ii)
without the written consent of the member concerned.
(4)
Composition of legislature maintained until election or reconstitution in terms of Schedule
5.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(a)
(b)
Transitional arrangement in respect of retention of membership of legislature in event of change of party membership, mergers between parties, subdivision of parties and subdivision and merger of parties
6.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
whilst the members concerned remain members of that legislature and the seats held by them must be regarded as having been allocated to the party which they represent pursuant to any merger, subdivision or subdivision and merger contemplated in this paragraph.
(2)
# Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996/2006-03-01/Chapter 13

Chapter 13
Finance
General Financial Matters
National Revenue Fund
213.
(1)
(2)
(a)
(b)
(3)
Equitable shares and allocations of revenue
214.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(2)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
(j)
National, provincial and municipal budgets
215.
(1)
(2)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(3)
(a)
(b)
(c)
Treasury control
216.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(2)
(3)
(a)
(b)
(4)
(5)
(a)
(b)
Procurement
217.
(1)
(2)
(a)
(b)
(3)
Government guarantees
218.
(1)
(2)
(3)
Remuneration of persons holding public office
219.
(1)
(a)
Council of Provinces, members of the Cabinet, Deputy Ministers, traditional leaders and members of any councils of traditional leaders; and
(b)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
Financial and Fiscal Commission
Establishment and functions
220.
(1)
(2)
(3)
Appointment and tenure of members
221.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(1A)
(a)
(b)
(2)
(3)
Reports
222.
Central Bank
Establishment
223.
Primary object
224.
(1)
(2)
Powers and functions
225.
Provincial and Local Financial Matters
Provincial Revenue Funds
226.
(1)
(2)
(a)
(b)
(3)
(4)
(a)
(b)
National sources of provincial and local government funding
227.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Provincial taxes
228.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(2)
(a)
(b)
Municipal fiscal powers and functions
229.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(2)
(a)
(b)
(3)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(4)
(5)
Provincial loans
230.
(1)
(2)
Municipal loans
230A.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(2)
# Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996/2006-03-01/Chapter 10

Chapter 10
Public Administration
Basic values and principles governing public administration
195.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
(2)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
Public Service Commission
196.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(g)
(5)
(6)
(a)
(b)
(7)
(a)
(b)
(8)
(a)
(i)
(ii)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
(9)
(10)
(a)
(b)
(11)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(12)
(a)
(b)
(13)
Public Service
197.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
# Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996/2006-03-01/Chapter 1

Chapter 1
Founding Provisions
Republic of South Africa
1.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Supremacy of Constitution
2.
Citizenship
3.
(1)
(2)
(a)
(b)
(3)
National anthem
4.
National flag
5.
Languages
6.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(a)
(b)
(4)
(5)
(a)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
# Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996/2006-03-01/Chapter 11

Chapter 11
Security Services
Governing principles
198.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Establishment, structuring and conduct of security services
199.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(a)
(b)
(8)
Defence
Defence force
200.
(1)
(2)
Political responsibility
201.
(1)
(2)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(3)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(4)
Command of defence force
202.
(1)
(2)
State of national defence
203.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(2)
(3)
Defence civilian secretariat
204.
Police
Police service
205.
(1)
(2)
(3)
Political responsibility
206.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(4)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(5)
(a)
(b)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
Control of police service
207.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(a)
(b)
(5)
(6)
Police civilian secretariat
208.
Intelligence
Establishment and control of intelligence services
209.
(1)
(2)
Powers, functions and monitoring
210.
(a)
(b)
# Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996/2006-03-01/Chapter 12

Chapter 12
Traditional Leaders
Recognition
211.
(1)
(2)
(3)
Role of traditional leaders
212.
(1)
(2)
(a)
(b)