OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Krampe

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Krampe. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Krampe, feminine, ‘staple, cramp,’ from Low German, since we should have expected pf in High German; compare Dutch kram for kramp, ‘hook, clamp,’ English cramp, also cramp-irons; Old High German chrampf, ‘hook.’ From the Teutonic cognates, which are based on the adjective *krampa-, discussed under Krampf, French crampon, ‘cramp,’ is derived; see the next word.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Kragen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Kragen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Kragen, masculine, ‘collar,’ from Middle High German krage, masculine, ‘neck’ (of men and animals), also ‘nape,’ then further, ‘article worn round the neck, collar’; wanting in Old High German, Old Saxon, Anglo-Saxon, and Old Icelandic Middle English crawe, English craw, ‘crop’ (of birds), point to Anglo-Saxon *craga; English variant crag, ‘neck, nape,’ dialectic also ‘crop’; Modern Icelandic kragi, masculine, ‘collar,’ is of German origin. Gothic kraga, masculine, ‘neck, throat,’ is wanting. Further references are uncertain; Greek βρόγχος, ‘windpipe,’ may be allied, since its initial β may represent g (grogho-, grongho-); compare also βρόχθος, ‘gullet, throat.’ Middle High German krage is also used personally as an abusive term, ‘fool’; hence Modern High German Geizkragen, ‘niggard.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Krakeel

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Krakeel. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Krakeel, masculine, ‘uproar,’ Modern High German only; compare Dutch krakeel; of obscure origin.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Krampf

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Krampf. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Krampf, masculine, ‘cramp, spasm, convulsion,’ from the equivalent Middle High German and Old High German krampf (Old High German also chrampfo); compare Old Saxon cramp, Dutch kramp, feminine, English cramp; the common West Teutonic term for ‘cramp’; originally an adjectival substantive from Old High German chrampf, ‘curved,’ Old Icelandic krappr (normal for *krampr), ‘narrow, pressed close.’ The Teutonic stem krampa- has numerous cognates in German; besides the Low German loan-words krampe, krämpe, krämpel, we may mention Old High German chrampf, ‘hook, border,’ chrimpfan, Middle High German krimpfen, ‘to contract in a crooked or spasmodic fashion,’ Middle High German krimpf, adjective, ‘crooked’ masculine substantive ‘cramp’; Modern High German krumm is also allied, as is indicated by its Old High German and Middle High German variant krumpf, ‘bent, twisted.’ Compare krumm, and Old High German chrimpfan, Middle High German krimpfen, ‘to be convulsed,’ Modern Dutch krimpen, ‘to draw in, shrivel,’ Middle English crimpil, ‘wrinkle,’ crumbe, ‘hook,’ crumpe, ‘crump,’ English to crimple, ‘to contract,’ &c.; Old Icelandic krappr, ‘narrow,’ and its nominal verb kreppa, ‘to compress.’ Compare Krüppel and Krapfen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Kranz

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Kranz. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Kranz, masculine, ‘wreath,’ from the equivalent Middle High German and late Old High German kranz, masculine; a specifically High German word, which in this form has passed within historic times into other Teutonic languages (Icelandic krans, Dutch krans). Perhaps allied to Sanscrit granth, ‘to tie (a knot), bind,’ granthi-s, masculine, ‘knot,’ or even with Lithuanian grandis, masculine, ‘bracelet, tyre of a wheel’ (Lettic grůdi, ‘wood for framing,’ from the base *grandai).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Krahn

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Krahn. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Krahn, masculine, ‘crane’ (machine), Modern High German only, formed from Low German and Dutch; properly identical with Kranich, of which it is a shorter form; see Kranich. Greek γέρανος ​also means ‘crane’; compare too Latin aries, High German Bock, as well as Latin grus, as terms for machines.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Krammetsvogel

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Krammetsvogel. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Krammetsvogel, masculine, ‘fieldfare,’ from Middle High German kramat(s)vogel, krambitvogel, kranewitvogel, masculine, ‘fieldfare,’ properly ‘juniper bird.’ The juniper in Middle High German is kranewite, kranwit (kramwit, kramat), Old High German chranawitu (properly ‘crane-wood’), from krana-, ‘crane,’ mentioned under Krahn and Kranich, and Old High German witu, ‘wood’ (note the similarity in the English word); compare English craneberry, cranberry, from crane.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/wenig

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/wenig | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ wenig, adj., ‘little, few,’ from MidHG. wênec, weinec (g), OHG. wênag weinag, adj. As a derivative of the Teut. root wai (see weh and weinen), the adj. signified primarily in OHG. and MidHG. ‘deplorable, lamentable, unfortunate’ (so too Goth. wainags); from ‘unfortunate,’ the MidHG. ‘weak, small, trifling, little’ is derived.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/wenn

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/wenn | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ wenn, conj., ‘if, when,’ from MidHG. węnne, wanne; identical with wann. Comp. the following word.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/wett

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/wett | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ wett, adj., ‘equal, even,’ from late MidHG. wętte, adj., ‘paid off.’ A recent derivative of the noun Wette, f., ‘bet, wager,’ MidHG. wętte, węte, węt (tt), n. and f., OHG. wętti, węti, n., ‘mortgage contract, legal obligation, pledge, stake (in a bet), compensation, fine’ (the last three meanings first occur in MidHG.). Comp. AS. wędd, OIc. veð, Goth. wadi, n., ‘pledge, earnest.’ From OTeut. wadjo-, the Romance cognates, Ital. gaggio and Fr. gage, ‘pledge,’ are borrowed. The following are also primit. allied to Teut. Wette; Lat. văs (vadis), ‘surety,’ vădimonium, ‘bail, security,’ Lith. vadůti, ‘to redeem a pledge,’ and perhaps also Gr. ἄεθλος (root ϝεθ), ‘prize (of contest),’ which point to an Aryan root wedh.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/wichern

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/wichern | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ wichern, vb., ‘to neigh, shout noisily,’ an intensive form of the equiv. MidHG. wihen (wihenen, wihelen), OHG. wihôn for *wĭjôn, *hwĭjôn; formed from the same root as MidHG. weijen, OHG. weiôn (hweiôn), ‘to neigh’ (E. dial. to wicker). With the onomatopoetic root hwī̆ are connected, though with a different evolution of meaning, AS. hwînan, E. to whine, OIc. hvîna, ‘to rustle, drink (of beasts).’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/werden

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/werden | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ werden, vb., ‘to become, grow, get,’ ​from the equiv. MidHG. wërden, OHG. wërdan; a common Teut. vb.; comp. Goth. waírþan, AS. weorþan (obsolete in E.), Du. worden, ‘to become.’ The Teut. strong verbal root werþ has no corresponding and equiv. Aryan wert, yet it is undoubtedly connected with Lat. verto, ‘to turn,’ OSlov. vrŭtěti, vratiti, ‘to turn,’ Sans. vṛt, ‘to turn, roll’; ‘to turn’ developed in Teut. into ‘to become, arise’ (comp. Sans. sam vṛt, ‘to arise’). The earlier meaning ‘to turn’ is rightly supposed to exist in the suffix -wärts (which see), as well as in MidHG. wirtel, ‘spindle ring,’ equiv. to OSlov. vrěteno, ‘distaff.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/werfen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/werfen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ werfen, vb., ‘to cast, throw,’ from the equiv. MidHG. wërfen, OHG. wërfan (wërpfan); a common Teut. str. vb.; comp. Goth. waírpan, OIc. verpa, AS. weorpan, E. to warp, Du. werpen, OSax. wërpan, ‘to throw.’ From Teut. are borrowed OFr. guerpir, Fr. déguerpir, ‘to leave in the lurch.’ The Teut. root werp contained in these words is based upon werq, from pre-Teut. werg (comp. Wolf with Gr. λύκος, fünf with quinque, and vier with quattnor); the primit. allied Sans. vṛj, ‘to throw down,’ and OSlov. vrŭgą (vrěšti), ‘to throw,’ have a guttural sound. Allied to the following word and to Würfel.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/wetzen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/wetzen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ wetzen, vb., ‘to whet, sharpen,’ from MidHG. wętzen, OHG. węzzen (from *hwazzjan), wk. vb., ‘to sharpen’; comp. Du. wetten, AS. hwęttan, E. to whet, OIc. hvetja, ‘to sharpen.’ A common Teut. wk. vb., properly strong. The Teut. strong verbal root hwat, from Aryan kwod (by gradation ​kud), seems to be equiv. to the Sans. root cud, ‘to whet, sharpen, set on fire, incite’ (comp. AS. hwęttan, OIc. hvetja, ‘to excite, incite,’ prop. ‘to sharpen’). The older Teut. periods preserve the adjs. hwassa- (Goth. hwass, OHG. and MidHG. was) and hwato- (AS. hwœt, OHG. waȥ), ‘sharp,’ from the root hwat.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/wichsen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/wichsen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ wichsen, vb., ‘to black, polish (boots), wax (thread), from late MidHG. wihsen, OHG. wahsen, giwęhsen, wk. vb., ‘to wax’; a derivative of Wachs.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/wer

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/wer | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ wer, pron., ‘who,’ from MidHG. and OHG. wër (earlier hwër), interr. pron.; the nom. sing. preserves the r as a representative of old s; comp. Goth. hwas, ‘who,’ also AS. hwâ, E. who. The Teut. stem of the interr. pron. was hwa-, hwe-, from Aryan ko, ke, which is found in non-Teut. in Lat. quo-d, Gr. πότερος, (κότερος), Lith. and Sans. kas, ‘who.’ Hence wann, weder, welch, wenn, wie, and wo. Further details belong to grammar.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/werben

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/werben | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ werben, vb., ‘to sue (for), solicit,’ from MidHG. wërben (wërven), OHG. wërban, wërvan (earlier hwërfan), str. vb., ‘to turn, walk to and fro, strive hard, make an effort, be active, be doing something, accomplish something.’ For the evolution of meaning of ModHG. werben, comp. Lat. ambire. The lit. sense of the Teut. root hwërf is ‘to move to and fro,’ as is shown by Wirbel. Comp. OSax. hwërƀan, ‘to walk to and fro,’ Du. werven, ‘to woo,’ Goth. hwaírban (and hwarbôn), ‘to wander.’ A corresponding Aryan root qerp (kerp) is not found in non-Teut. Comp. Werft (2).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Malter

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Malter | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Malter, m. and n., ‘measure’ (in Pruss. formerly about 18 bush.), from MidHG. malter, malder, n., ‘corn measure’; comp. OHG. maltar, OSax. maldar, n., ‘measure.’ Formed by means of the Teut. suffix -þra-, -dra- (Gr. τρο-, Lat. tro-, comp. Alter), from the root mal; see mahlen, Malter means lit. ‘grinding,’ then ‘the quantity given to be ground at one time.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Manier

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Manier | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Manier, f., ‘manner, fashion, mannerism,’ from MidHG. maniere, f., ‘manner,’ from Fr. manière.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Makrele

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Makrele | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Makrele, f., ‘mackerel,’ from late MidHG. makrêle, f.; borrowed from the equiv. Du. makreel (comp. E. mackerel), which is of Rom. origin; MidLat. macarellus, maquerellus, OFr. maguerel, ModFr. maquereau.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Malz

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Malz | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Malz, n., ‘malt,’ from the equiv. MidHG. and OHG. malz, n.; comp. OSax. and OIc. malt, n., AS. mealt, E. malt (Goth. *malt, n.); a common Teut. word for ‘malt,’ which passed into Slav. and Finn. (comp. OSlov. mlato, Finn. mallas), and also into Fr. as malt. Teut. *maltas belongs to a Teut. root melt, in AS. mëltan, ‘to dissolve, liquefy, melt,’ to which is allied an OIc. adj. maltr, ‘rotten,’ similar to OHG. and MidHG. malz, ‘melting away, soft, relaxed.’ Perhaps the subst. Malz (Goth. *malt, n.) is only the neu. of this adj., meaning ‘that which is soft.’ See further schmelzen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Mandel

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Mandel | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Mandel (1.), ‘fifteen,’ ModHG. only; the other meaning, which appears in earlier ModHG., ‘shock of corn (of 15 sheaves),’ may be the older. The G. word cannot be etymologically explained. (MidLat. ​mandala, ‘15 articles,’ is met with even in the 13th cent.); its relation to Du. mand, E. maund, ‘basket,’ is obscure.
Mandel (2.), f., ‘almond,’ from the equiv. MidHG. mandel, OHG. mandala, f.; from Ital. mandola; corresponding lo MidLat. and Prov. amandola, Fr. amande (hence Du. amandel, E. almond). Gr. ἀμυγδάλη is usually regarded as the ultimate source of these cognates.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Mangold

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Mangold | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Mangold, m., ‘beet,’ from MidHG. mangolt, m.; its connection with Gold does not seem to be orig. If it is to be connected, as is usually done, with the proper name Managolt, the prim. meaning is ‘powerful ruler’ (manag and waltan; comp. Πολυκράτης), but scarcely ‘very gracious’ (Viel-hold). See Markolf. By what means the plant acquired this name can no longer be discovered. Others regard Mangold as Halsgold, ‘gold-neck’ (comp. Mähne); but mane-, ‘neck,’ is not found elsewhere in Teut.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Mal

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Mal | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Mal (1.), n., ‘mark, spot,’ from MidHG. mâl, n., ‘spot,’ OHG. *mâl in the compound anamâli, ‘spot, car’; identical with MidHG. and OHG. mâl, ‘period, point’; see mal (2). Its primit. kinship with Goth. mail, n., ‘spot,’ is uncertain, yet Mal has at all events assumed the meaning of Goth. mail, which is normally represented by OHG. and MidHG. meil, n.; to this corresponds AS. mâl, whence E. mole. Goth. mél, ‘time,’ points to the Aryan root mē̆, ‘to measure’ (Gr. μέτρον, Lat. mêtîri).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Malve

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Malve | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Malve, f., ‘mallow,’ ModHG. only, from Lat. (Ital.) malva; if it were borrowed at an early period, lv in Lat. ought to have changed into lb in ModHG. In England the Lat. term was adopted in very early times; hence AS. mealwe, E. mallow (Du. maluwe). Comp. also Fr. mauve.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Mann

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Mann | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Mann, m., ‘man, husband,’ from MidHG. man(nn), OHG. man(nn), m., ‘person, man.’ The general meaning ‘person’ still appears in ModHG. jemand, niemand, as well as in the pron. discussed under man. In AS., man, mǫn (n equiv. to nn), might be used equally of a male or female, although the former sense preponderated; AS. man, ‘person, man, woman,’ E. man, OIc. maðr, Goth. manna, ‘person, man.’ The word followed the declension of the two stems mann- and mannan- (thus in Goth., AS., OHG., and MidHG.); from the latter the modern plur. Mannen has been obtained. Goth. and Teut. mann- for manw- is based on an older manu- (like Kinn on kennu-, genu-; see also dünn). This Aryan mánu-, ‘person,’ appears also in Ind., but it was used also as Manu, ‘the father of mankind.’ To this corresponds the Teut. Mannus in Tacitus, ‘the progenitor of the West Teutons’; comp. further Sans. manus, m., and manuša, ‘person,’ perhaps also OSlov. mążĭ, ‘man.’ The Ind. manu- is usually connected with the root man, ‘to think’ (comp. mahnen); in that case the orig. sense is ‘thinking being.’ This cannot, however, be definitely regarded as the primit. source of the word. It is scarcely probable that the primit. Aryans considered ‘thinking’ to be the essential characteristic of a man. We should rather assume from the earliest Aryan literature, the OInd. Vedas, that the primit. Aryan felt he was closely allied to the brutes, since the Vedic Indian actually calls himself paçu, ‘beast.’ The literal meaning of Aryan manu-, ‘person,’ can hardly be ascertained now. See Mensch.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Mange

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Mange | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Mange, Mangel, f., ‘mangle,’ from MidHG. mange, f., ‘machine for rolling woven stuffs, catapult’; comp. Du. mangel, equiv. to E. mangle. The origin of the word is sometimes ascribed, on account of the dial. forms Mande, Mandel, to the Sans. root manth, ‘to turn,’ which appears in OIc. mǫndull, ‘handle’ (espec. of a hand-mill). Allied terms in Rom. show, however, that g in the word Mangel must be very old; Ital. mangano, ‘sling,’ OFr. mangoneau, ‘sling,’ whence MidE. mangonel. There is no Teut. type of the whole class; its source is said to be Gr. μάγγανον, ‘warlike machine’; perhaps an instrument of this kind furnished the model for the mangle.
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume III/Anti-Marcion/Against Hermogenes
## Contents

* I
* II
* III
* IV
* V
* VI
* VII
* VIII
* IX
* X
* XI
* XII
* XIII
* XIV
* XV
* XVI
* XVII
* XVIII
* XIX
* XX
* XXI
* XXII
* XXIII
* XXIV
* XXV
* XXVI
* XXVII
* XXVIII
* XXIX
* XXX
* XXXI
* XXXII
* XXXIII
* XXXIV
* XXXV
* XXXVI
* XXXVII
* XXXVIII
* XXXIX
* XL
* XLI
* XLII
* XLIII
* XLIV
* XLV
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume III/Anti-Marcion/Against Hermogenes/IV

Chapter IV.—Hermogenes Gives Divine Attributes to Matter, and So Makes Two Gods.
At this point, then, I shall begin to treat of Matter, how that, (according to Hermogenes,) God compares it with Himself as equally unborn, equally unmade, equally eternal, set forth as being without a beginning, without an end. For what other estimate of God is there than eternity? What other condition has eternity than to have ever existed, and to exist yet for evermore by virtue of its privilege of having neither beginning nor end? Now, since this is the property of God, it will belong to God alone, whose property it is—of course on this ground, that if it can be ascribed to any other being, it will no longer be the property of God, but will belong, along with Him, to that being also to which it is ascribed. For “although there be that are called gods” in name, “whether in heaven or in earth, yet to us there is but one God the Father, of whom are all things;” whence the greater reason why, in our view, that which is the property of God ought to be regarded as pertaining to God alone, and why (as I have already said) that should cease to be such a property, when it is shared by another being. Now, since He is God, it must necessarily be a unique mark of this quality, that it be confined to One. Else, what will be unique and singular, if that is not which has nothing equal to it? What will be principal, if that is not which is above all things, before all things, and from which all things proceed? By possessing these He is God alone, and by His sole possession of them He is One. If another also shared in the possession, there would then be as many gods as there were possessors of these attributes of God. Hermogenes, therefore, introduces two gods: he introduces Matter as God’s equal. God, however, must be One, because that is God which is supreme; but nothing else can be supreme than that which is unique; and that cannot possibly be unique which has anything equal to it; and Matter will be equal with God when it is held to be eternal.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Quod, with the subjunctive comparet.
* ↑ Census.
* ↑ Scilicet.
* ↑ 1 Cor. viii. 5.
* ↑ Apud nos.
* ↑ The property of being eternal.
* ↑ Unicum sit necesse est.
* ↑ Censetur.