OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Clarke, Edward (d.1630)

Death 1628 according to the History of Parliament, but 1630 in the ODNB.
​CLARKE, EDWARD (d. 1630), diplomatist, the ‘Ned’ Clarke of the state papers, was employed by both Charles and Buckingham, although nominally in the latter's service, on many missions of a questionable nature. In September 1623 he was entrusted by Charles with the secret orders to Lord Bristol, then ambassador at Madrid, for the postponement of the marriage with the infanta. He sat for Hythe in the shortlived parliament of 1625. For an attempted defence of Buckingham he was on 6 Aug. in that year imprisoned by the commons at Oxford. The next year Buckingham endeavoured to persuade the bailiffs and twelve inhabitants who represented the voting power of Bridport to return Clarke; but as they had already returned Sir Richard Strode, one of the duke's nominees, they had promised the second place to Sir Lewis Dyve, although sorry to disoblige the duke (Cal. State Papers, Dom. 1625–6, p. 237). Soon afterwards Clarke was busily engaged in spreading the news, which he well knew to be false, that all difficulties in the way of a French alliance were at an end. In 1627 he was sent on a mission to the king of Denmark, then engaged in his disastrous campaign in northern Germany. Clarke met the usual fate of court dependents. In March 1628 he was acting as the king's ‘agent’ at the town of Rochelle, with a handsome salary and ‘allowances for intelligence, and 600l. in advance’ (ib. 1628–9, p. 16). Two months later he accompanied the fleet to Rochelle, but very unwillingly, as he had previously predicted in a letter to Buckingham the certain failure of the expedition (ib. 1628–9, pp. 68, 120). While there he managed to offend Buckingham. On his return, ‘mightily dejected,’ Clarke was denied audience of the duke, and found himself shunned by every one at court (ib. 1628–9, p. 134). He attempted to conciliate Buckingham by means of a piteous letter to Secretary Conway, but without success (ib. 1628–9, p. 163). He did not long survive his patron, for he was dead before November 1630 (ib. 1629–31, pp. 371, 379; cf. ib. 1628–9, p. 5).
[Gardiner's Hist. of England, 1603–42, v. 118–121, 415, vi. 68, 160, 185–6; Cal. State Papers, Dom. 1623–5, 1625–6, 1628–9, 1629–31; Lists of Members of Parliament (official return), pt. i. p. 467.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Clarke, Cuthbert

​CLARKE, CUTHBERT (fl. 1777), writer on agriculture and mechanics, published:
* ‘A Philosophical Investigation of the Origin, Vicissitude, and Power of Steam employed in a Fire-engine,’ 1773, 8vo.
* ‘The True Theory and Practice of Husbandry, deduced from Philosophical Researches and Experience’ (in the shape of a dialogue between Agricola and Philosophus), together with a small treatise on ‘Mechanics,' 1777, 4to.
[Donaldson’s Agricultural Biography, p. 63; Brit Mus. Cat.]
J. M. R.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Clarke, George (1796-1842)

​CLARKE, GEORGE (1796–1842), sculptor, was a native of Birmingham, where he enjoyed a large practice as a sculptor and modeller. In 1821 he exhibited for the first time at the Royal Academy, sending a bust of Samuel Parr. He continued to exhibit at intervals up to 1839, among the busts sent by him being those of Macready, Rev. Dr. Maltby, Sir Charles Cockerell. Raminohun Roy, the Earl of Guilford, John Spottiswoode, Lady Burrell, Colonel Thompson, M.P. ​for Hull, and others. For a considerable portion of this period he resided in London. He modelled a colossal bust of the Duke of Wellington, and executed the statue of Major John Cartwright, LL.P., the champion of radical reform [q. v.], which was set up in 1831 in Burton Crescent, in front of the house in which Cartwright died, and is generally considered to be his best work. Clarke, who had earned the name of the ‘Birmingham Chantrey,’ was engaged by the committee to cast the foliage on the capital of the Nelson column in Trafalgar Square. He had succeeded in completing two of the leaves, a very arduous task, when, on 12 March 1842, he was seized with sudden illness, while in a shop at Birmingham, whither he had returned, and died in a very short time, aged 46, leaving a large family totally unprovided for. He showed great promise as an artist, and would probably have risen to some eminence in his profession.
[Redgrave’s Dict. of English Artists; Graves's Dict. of Artists, 1760-1880; Gent. Mag. new ser. xvii. 453; Examiner, 19 March 1842; Birmingham Advertiser, 17 March 1842; Nagler’s Künstler-Lexikon; Royal Academy Catalogue.]
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Clarke, Charles Mansfield

​CLARKE, Sir CHARLES MANSFIELD (1782–1857), accoucheur, son of John Clarke, surgeon, of Chancery Lane, London, and brother of Dr. John Clarke (1758-1815) [q. v.], was born on 28 May 1782, and was educated at St. Paul’s School (admitted as ‘Charles Clarke,’ 22 June 1790), at St. George’s Hospital, and the Hunterian School of Medicine. After obtaining the College of Surgeons’ diploma and spending two ‘years as assistant surgeon in the army, he a opted midwifery as his speciality in 1804 by his brother’s advice, and took part of his brother’s practice. He also gave lectures on midwifery, in co-operation with his brother, from 1804 to 1821. For many ears he was surgeon to Queen Charlotte’s Lying-in Hospital. He received a Lambeth M.D. in 1827, and was admitted M.A. at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, in 1842. When his brother died Clarke became a leading practitioner in midwifery, and in 1830 was appointed physician to Queen Adelaide, receiving a baronetcy in 1831. He was elected F.R.S. in 1825, an F.R.C.P. in 1836, and became D.C.L. at Oxford in 1845. His only work, of considerable value, was entitled ‘Observations on those Diseases of Females which are attended by Discharges,' London, 1814-21, in two parts, second edition 1831-6; ​translated into German, 1818-25. He died at Brighton on 7 Sept. 1857. He founded the Milton Prize at St. Paul’s School in 1851.
[Pettigrew’s Medical Portrait Gallery, 1840, vol. i.; Times, 10 Sept. 1857; Gardiner’s Register of St. Paul's School, 199, 433.]
G. T. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Chatto, William Andrew

​CHATTO, WILLIAM ANDREW (1799–1864), miscellaneous writer, only son of William Chatto, a merchant who died at Gibraltar in 1804, was born at Newcastle-on-Tyne on 17 April 1799. After a good education at a grammar school in the north, he entered into mercantile pursuits. and about 1830 acquired the business of his cousin, a wholesale tea-dealer, in Eastcheap, London. In 1834 he relinquished business to devote himself to literature, his first publibation being ‘Scenes and Recollections of Fly-fishing in Northumberland, Cumberland. and Westmoreland. by Stephen Oliver the younger, of Aldwark in Com. Ebor.,’ London. 1831. The following year he published ‘Rambles in Northumberland and on the Scottish Border by Stephen Oliver,’ and in 1836 ‘The Angler’s Souvenir, by P[ayne] Fisher, Esq., assisted by several eminent piscatory characters, with Illustrations by Beckwith and Topham,’ 2nd ed. 1871. His other works are: ‘A Treatise on Wood Engraving, historical and practical,’ with 300 illustrations by John Jackson, 1830, 2nd ed. 1861, 3rd ed. 1877; ‘A Third Preface to a Treatise on Wood Engraving,' 1839; ‘History and Art of Wood Engraving,’ 1848: ‘Gems of Wood Engraving from the “Illustrated London News,” ’ 1848: ‘Views of Ports and Harbours on the English Coast, engraved by W. and E. Finden, the text. by W. A. C.,’ London, 1838, 2nd ed. 1874; ‘A Paper:—of Tobacco,’ by ‘Joseph Fume,’ with illustrations by ‘Phiz,’ London, 1830: ‘Love Letters of Hester Lynch Piozzi to W. A. Conway,’ 1843; and ‘Facts and Speculations on the Origin and History of Playing Cards,’ 1848. He also wrote ‘The Old English Squire,' a song by Stephen Oliver, the music by W. Blake, illustrated by H. K. Browne (‘Phiz’), 1838. He was editor in 1830-4l of the ‘New Sporting Magazine,’ and in 1844 projected a penny daily comic illustrated paper entitled: ‘Puck, a journalette of Fun.’ For this paper which he edited with considerable skill, he secured the services of several able contributors, including Tom Taylor, afterwards editor of ‘Punch,’ but it was found that there was not sufficient demand for a daily comic paper, and it had only a brief existence. In 1839 Chatto was elected an honorary member of the Antiquarian Society of Newcastle-on-Tyne. He died in the Charterhouse, 28 Feb. 1864, and was buried in Highgate cemetery. His epitaph, by his lifelong friend, Tom Taylor, describes him as a ‘true-hearted and upright man.’ By his with, Margaret, daughter of Luke Birch of Cornhill, London, he had five sons (of whom the third, Andrew, became a member of the publishing firm of Messrs. Chatto & Windus) and three daughters.
[Gent. Mag. 3rd ser. xvi. 538; information from Mr. Andrew Chatto, of Messrs. Chatto & Windus; Brit. Mus. Cat]
T. F. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Chatelaine, John Baptist Claude

Date of death 1758 in the ODNB.
​CHATELAINE, JOHN BAPTIST CLAUDE (1710–1771), draughtsman and engraver, whose real name was Philippe, was born in London of French protestant parents in 1710. According to Dussieux in ‘Les Artistes Français à l'étranger’ (Paris, 1856, 8vo) and E. B. de la Chavignerie in ‘Dictionnaire Général des Artistes de l’École Française’ (Paris, 1882, 8vo), he was born and died in Paris. Chatelaine held a commission in the French army, but, endowed with great capacity for drawing, he took to art. He was employed by Alderman Boydell [q. v.], who paid him by the hour on account of his idle and dissolute habits. He resided near Chelsea, in a house which had formerly belon red to Oliver Cromwell, and which Chatellaine took from having dreamed that he would find in it a hidden treasure. He died at the White Bear Inn, Piccadilly, in 1771; his friends raised a subscription to defray the cost of the funeral. He exhibited as an engraver at the Free Society between 1761 and 1763, spelling his name on his plates thus-Chatellain and Chatelin. The following engravings are by him: ‘The Four Times of the Day’ (this plate was afterwards finished by Richard Houston, who engraved it in a mixed style, i.e. etching and mezzotint); two landscapes, after his own designs; eight views of the lakes in Cumberland and Westmoreland, after William Bellers (these views were engraved in conjunction with Ravenet, Grignion, Canot, and Mason); eleven views, after Marco Ricci; three landscapes after Pietro Berrettini da Cortona, Nichollis Poussin, and Francesco Grimaldi, ‘il Bolognese;’ a landscape after F. Mielly; and a ‘View of the London Hospital in Whitechaple Road. Designed by Boulton Mainwaring and painted by William Bellers, etched and engraved by Chatelaine and W. H. Toms;’ a ‘View of the River Thames from Chiswick,' and a ‘View of Fulham Bridge and Putney,’ in 1750. In 1737 J. Rocque published ‘A New Book of Landskips Pleasant and Useful for to learn to draw without a Master, by Chatelin.’ There are in the department of prints and drawings in the British Museum four drawings by him, in pen and bistre, and in black chalk.
[Redgrave’s Dictionary of Artists, 1878; Ottley's Dictionary of Recent and Living Painters and Engravers, 1866; manuscript notes in the British Museum.]
L. F.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Chatterton, John Balsir

​CHATTERTON, JOHN BALSIR (1802?–1871), harpist, was born at Portsmouth, where his father, John Chatterton, was professor of music. The exact date of his birth is uncertain. At the time of his death it was stated that he was in his sixty-seventh year, but according to the information of his relatives he was born in 1802. He came to London, and studied the harp under Bochsa and Labarre, succeeding the former as professor at the Royal Academy of Music. His first appearance in London took place at a concert given by Aspull in 1824. In 1842 he received the appointment of harpist to the queen. His last public performance at Windsor was on the occasion of the marriage of Princess Louise. He died after two days' illness at 32 Manchester Street 11 April 1871, and was buried at Kensal Green. Chatterton wrote a considerable amount of harp music, mostly consisting of fantasias and arrangements. As a performer, his talents were overshadowed by those of his younger brother, Frederick.
[Information from Mr. and Mrs. F. Chatterton; Musical Examiner for 1844, 851; Musical Directory for 1872; Orchestra, 14 and 21 April 1871; Times, 11 April 1871.]
W. B. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Chatterley, William Simmonds

​CHATTERLEY, WILLIAM SIMMONDS (1787–1822), actor, was born in London on 21 March 1787. His father, originally a surgical instrument maker in Cannon Street, filled subsequently a post in connection with Drury Lane Theatre, at which house Chatterley made his appearance in infantine parts. He is said to have played in his third year the King of the Fairies in the 'Jubilee,' and Cupid in 'Arthur and Emmeline,' a piece which records show to have been played at Drury Lane on 5 Nov. 1789. When, in 1791, the Drury Lane company migrated to the King's Theatre (Opera House) in the Haymarket, Chatterley accompanied it, but played no character sufficiently important to have his name mentioned. On 1 Feb. 1795, after the return of the company, he is first publicly heard of playing Carlos in an ill-starred tragedy by Bertie Greatheed, entitled the 'Regent.' On 24 Sept. 1796 he played the Child in 'Isabella,' a version by Garrick of Southerne's 'Fatal Marriage,' to the Isabella of Mrs. Siddons. Through the recommendation of Bannister he assumed youthful characters in Birmingham, and took part in private theatricals. His connection with Drury Lane was maintained until 1804, when he accepted a country engagement. At Cheltenham he made a success in what is technically called leading business. Palmer and Dimond secured him in 1810 for the Bath theatre, of which they were managers. Here he married, 11 Aug. 1813, Miss Louisa Simeon, an actress, whose reputation remained at least on a level with his own. He reappeared in 1816 in London at the Lyceum. Irregularity of life interfered with his success, and after accepting temporary engagements at the Adelphi, the Olympic, the Surrey, and other theatres, he died at Lynn in Norfolk in 1822, a victim of most forms of excess. In Bath he played such characters as Sir Anthony Absolute, Launcelot Gobbo, Foresight in 'Love for Love,' Sir Solomon Sadlips in the 'Double Gallant.' In London his great character was Justice Woodcock, in which he came only behind Munden and Dowton. He 'created,' 24 May 1799, the rôle of the boy in 'Pizarro.' Mrs. Chatterley, who was an agreeable actress in comedy, had the reputation of being the ​best representative of a Frenchwoman on the English stage.
[Genest's Account of the English Stage; Theatrical Inquisitor, vol. xi.; Oxberry's Dramatic Biography, vol. v.; The Drama, or Theatrical Pocket Magazine, 1821-5.]
J. K.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Clubbe, William

​CLUBBE, WILLIAM (1745–1814), poetical writer, was seventh son of the Rev. John Clubbe [q. v.], rector of Whatfield, Suffolk. He was baptised at Whatfield on 16 April 1745, and educated at Caius College, Cambridge, where he graduated LL.B. in 1769. In the same year he was instituted to the rectory of Flowton, and in the following year to the vicarage of Brandeston, both in Suffolk. At the latter place he continued to reside till 1808, when, having lost his wife, he removed to the house of his youngest brother, Nathaniel, an attorney at Framlingham, where he died on 16 Oct. 1814. His wife was Mary, daughter of the Rev. William Henchman; but he had no issue.
His works include: 1. ‘The Emigrants, a Pastoral,’ Ipswich, 1793, 8vo. 2. ‘Six Satires of Horace; in a style between free imitation and literal version,’ Ipswich, 1795, 4to. 3. ‘The Epistle of Horace to the Pisos on the Art of Poetry; translated into English verse,’ Ipswich, 1797, 8vo. The original manuscript is in the British Museum, Addit. MS. 19201. 4. ‘The Omnium; containing the Journal of a late Three Days Tour in France; curious and extraordinary anecdotes, critical remarks, and other miscellaneous pieces, in prose and verse,’ Ipswich, 1798, 8vo (cf. Addit. MS. 19l97). 5. ‘Ver: de Agricola Puero, Anglo Poemate celeberrimo excerptum, et in morem Latini Georgici redditum,’ Ipswich, 1801, 12mo, 1804, 8vo. A translation into Latin of part of Bloomfield's ‘Farmer's Boy.’ 6. ‘Parallel between the Characters and Conduct of Oliver Cromwell and Bonaparte.’ 7. ‘Three Lyric Odes, on late Celebrated Occasions,’ Ipswich, 1806, 4to. 8. Miscellaneous poems, in Addit. MS. 19201, f. 81 seq.
[Addit. MSS. 19167 f. 75, 19209 f. 160 b; Biog. Dict. of Living Authors (1816), 67, 422; Cat. of Printed Books in Brit. Mus.; Caulfield's Memoirs of Sir R. Naunton, 21, 22; Gent. Mag. xl. 280, lxxxiv. (ii) 507; Lit. Memoirs of Living Authors (1798), i. 103; Page's Supplement to the Suffolk Traveller, 82; Suffolk Garland, 365.]
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Clulow, William Benton

​CLULOW, WILLIAM BENTON (1802–1882), dissenting minister, was a native of Leek, Staffordshire, and, after receiving a preliminary education in the grammar school there, entered the Hoxton Academy. He became pastor of the congregational church at Shaldon, Devonshire, where he remained twelve years. In 1835 he accepted an invitation to the classical tutorship of Airedale College, Bradford; but he withdrew from that position in 1848, in consequence of his views being at variance with those of some influential supporters of the institution. After residing at Bradford for forty years he retired to Leek, where he died on 16 April 1882.
His works are: 1. ‘Truths in Few Words’ 2. ‘Aphorisms and Reflections, a miscellany ​of thought and opinion,’ London, 1843, 8vo. 3. ‘Sunshine and Shadows, or Sketches of Thought Philosophic and Religious,’ London, 1863, 1877, 1883, 8vo. 4. ‘Essays of a Recluse, or Traces of Thought, Literature, and Fancy,’ London, 1865, 8vo.
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Clutterbuck, Robert

​CLUTTERBUCK, ROBERT (1772–1831), topographer, was the eldest surviving son of Thomas Clutterbuck, esq., of Watford, Hertfordshire, by Sarah, daughter of Robert Thurgood, esq., of Baldock in that county. He was born at Watford on 28 June 1772, and at an early age was sent to Harrow School, where he continued until he was entered as a gentleman commoner of Exeter College, Oxford. After graduating B.A. in 1794 he entered at Lincoln’s Inn, intending to make the law his profession; but his ardour in the pursuit of chemistry and in painting (in which he took lessons of Barry) induced him, after a residence of several years in London, to abandon his original plans. In 1798 he married Marianne, eldest daughter of Colonel James Capper, and after a few years' residence at the seat of his father-in-law, Cathays, near Cardiff, Glamorganshire, he took possession of his paternal estate at Watford, where he continued to reside until his death, on 25 May 1831. He was a county magistrate and a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries. For eighteen years he was busily engaged in the compilation of a new history of his native county. The work appeared under the title of ‘The History and Antiquities of the County of Hertford; compiled from the best printed authorities and original records preserved in public repositories and private collections. Embellished with views of the most curious monuments of antiquity, and illustrated with a map of the County,’ 3 vols. London, 1815, 1821, 1827, fol. The plates in this work have never been surpassed in an similar publication. Several of them were from his own sketches, and he also secured the assistance of Edward Blore [q. v.] and other eminent draughtsmen and engravers. Clutterbuck published, in 1828, an ‘Account of the Benefactions to the Parish of Watford in the County of Hertford, compiled from Authentic Documents.’ His portrait has been engraved by W. Bond.
[Gent. Mag. ci. (i.) 565; Evans's Cat. of Engraved Portraits, 14343, 14344; Upcott’s English Topography, i. 623*; Egerton MS. 1533; Cat. of Printed Books in Brit. Mus.; Nichols’s Illustr. of Lit. vi. 437, 447, 448; Cat. of Oxford Graduates (1851), 135.]
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Clowes, William (1807-1883)

​CLOWES, WILLIAM, the younger (1807–1883), printer, eldest son of William Clowes the elder (1779–1847) [q. v.], was born 15 May 1807, and entered his father's business in 1823. The name of the firm was changed to William Clowes & Sons in 1846. They have long carried on one of the largest printing businesses in London, having also extensive premises at Beccles, Suffolk. The official catalogues of the exhibitions of 1851 and 1883 to 1886 were printed by them, as well as (since 1823) the exhibition catalogues of the Royal Academy. They introduced improvements in type-music printing and the Clowes type composing machine (Hooker's patent). They are also publishers of military and legal works (for the Council of Law Reporting), and of 'Hymns Ancient and Modern.' William Clowes the younger was much esteemed for his benevolent disposition and the active interest he took in the welfare of the operatives of his craft. In 1844 he was trustee, and in 1853 treasurer, of the Printers' Pension ​Corporation. He died on 19 May 1883, and was buried at Norwood cemetery. In 1881 the business was turned into a limited liability company. He married Emma Lett, daughter of Mr. Lett of Lambeth, by whom he had nine children. His eldest son, William, is at the present time one of the managing directors of the company.
[Information from Mr. W. C. K. Clowes and Mr. W. Clowes; Athenænum, 9 June 1883; Printers’ Register, 6 June 1883.]
H. R. T.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Clunie, John

​CLUNIE, JOHN (1757?–1819), the supposed author of the beautiful Scotch song ‘I lo’e na a laddie but ane,’ was born about 1757. He was educated for the church of Scotland, and licensed by the presbytery of Edinburgh on 29 Dec. 1784. He then became schoolmaster at Narkinch, Fifeshire, and possessing a fine voice and some musical skill acted as precentor in the parish church. In 1790 he was presented by the Duke of Buccleuch to the parish of Ewes, Dumfriesshire, and on 12 April 1791 to that of Borthwisk, Midlothian; he was also chaplain of the eastern regiment of Midlothian volunteer infantry. His reputation for the rendering of Scotch led to an a uaintanceshi with Burns, who highly appreciated his singing. He also composed several songs of his own to the old tunes, but did not take the trouble to publish them. The first two stanzasof the song ‘I lo’e na a laddie but ane’ are attributed to him by Burns, a better authority than Ritson, who in his ‘Collection of Scotch Songs’ prefixes to them the initials J. D. The four supplementary stanzas beginning with ‘Let others brag weel o’ their gair’ were added by Hector MacNeil. The song ‘Ca’ the Yowes to the Knowes’ was taken down by Stephen Clarke when he and Burns were spending a night with Clunie in 1787. Writing to Mr. Thomson in September 1794, Burns says: ‘I am Battered at your adopting "Ca’ the Yowes to the Knowes," as it was owing to me that it ever saw the light. About seven years ago I was well acquainted with a worthy little fellow of a clergyman, a Mr. Clunie, who sang it charmingly, and at my request Mr. Clarke took it down from his singing.’ Burns added two stanzas to the song and made several alterations in the old verses. These old verses, as taken down by Clarke, are printed in Stenhouse’s edition of Johnson’s ‘Scots Musical Museum.’ Clunie was the author of the account of the parish in Sinclair’s ‘Statistical Account of Scotland.’ He died at Greenend, near Edinburgh, on 14 April 1819, in his sixty-second year. He was married to Mary, daughter of the Rev. Alexander Oliphant, minister of Bower, and left a family.
[Hew Scott's Fasti Eccles. Scot. i. 268, 637, Conolly's Dictionary of Eminent Men of Fife, p. 125; Stenhouse's edition of Johnson's Scots Musical Museum (1853), pp. 248-9; Works of Robert Burns.]
T. F. H.