# Mediaeval Leicester

MEDIÆVAL
LEICESTER
BY
Charles James Billson, M.A.
Corpus Christi College, Oxford
In Athens, Sparta, Florence, 'twas the soul That was the city's bright, immortal part, The splendour or the spirit was their goal, Their jewel, the unconquerable heart.
So may the city that I love be great Till every stone shall be articulate.
William Dudley Foulke
LEICESTER EDGAR BACKUS, 46, CANK STREET 1920
TO THE MEMORY OF THOSE CITIZENS OF LEICESTER WHO LAID DOWN THEIR LIVES ~ ~ IN THE GREAT WAR ~ ~ PRESERVING THEIR OWN HERITAGE FOR OTHERS.
This Edition is strictly limited to 1,000 copies, after which the type will be distributed.
       This is No. # # #
PREFACE.
IN the following pages an attempt has been made to gather together some information, concerning the ancient City of Leicester, which is now scattered over many volumes and documents, some of which are not readily accessible to the ordinary reader. A chapter has been added, for the sake of the student, giving references to the original authorities.
The book had its beginning in a Lecture on "Leicester in the Fourteenth Century," which I gave in the year 1897, at the request of the Leicester Museum Committee. A few years ago, I happened to find the notes of this old harangue, with the plans and illustrations of mediæval Leicester then prepared, all of which had been lying undisturbed for some twenty years. This discovery re-kindled my interest in the subject, and led to the studies now printed under the name of "Mediæval Leicester."
The title is not, I fear, very accurate; for the period which it is intended to cover really begins with the Conquest, and comprises the next 500 years, or thereabouts. In the strict language of historians, the Middle Ages came to an end in England with the last of the Plantagenets. The word "mediæval," is often extended, however, in popular usage, to the Tudor period; and it is in this sense that I have ventured to use it—indeed, in some cases, I must plead guilty to trespassing yet further into the modern era.
To all those who have helped me in the preparation of this book I am deeply indebted.
Without the enthusiastic co-operation of Mr. S. H. Skillington, who has grudged no pains to further its production, it would never have been published. He has helped me in every possible way, with so much knowledge and with such good-will that I cannot adequately express my thanks. I feel as the Trojans felt of yore, when they received the royal Carthaginian bounty—
"Grates persolvere dignas Non opis est nostrae."
​I am most grateful also to Mr. A. B. McDonald, A.R.C.A. (Lond.), of the Leicester School of Art, who has been very generous and successful in preparing plans and drawings, and in supervising the illustrations contained in the volume. I wish also to thank Col. C. F. Oliver, D.L., T.D., and all others who have so kindly helped with these embellishments, or who have allowed me to publish them; and I take this opportunity of congratulating both Mr. Newton and Mr. Keene on the good results of the photographic work entrusted to them.
I am under considerable obligations to Mr. Henry Hartopp, of Leicester, who has assisted me from the vast stores of his local knowledge; to Mr. A. Hamilton Thompson, M.A., F.S.A., who has given me much-appreciated help, chiefly in matters ecclesiological; to Mr. G. E. Kendall, A.R.I.B.A., who most obligingly made searches at the Public Record Office and elsewhere; to Mr. J. C. Challenor Smith, formerly Head of the Literary Department at Somerset House, who very kindly transcribed some original wills, and helped me in other ways; to the Mayor and Corporation of Leicester City, who readily gave me permission to print a translation of one of the unpublished documents preserved in their Muniment Room, and to publish an illustration of it; to the Venerable Archdeacon Stocks, D.D., who willingly transcribed and translated this document, and gave me other assistance; to Mr. H. A. Pritchard, the Town Clerk of Leicester; to Mr. T. H. Fosbrooke, F.S.A.; to Mr. H. M. Riley, of the Leicester Municipal Reference Library; to Mr. F. S. Herne, the Librarian of the Leicester Permanent Library, and to many others.
But those who are kind enough to help a lame dog over a stile are not answerable for his disability, and the mistakes and shortcomings of the book are all my own.
"Me, me, adsum qui feci, in me convertite ferrum!"
CHARLES JAMES BILLSON.
CONTENTS.
ILLUSTRATIONS.
​KEY TO THE PLAN OF MEDIÆVAL LEICESTER.
* North Gate.
* West Gate.
* East Gate.
* South Gate.
* North Bridge.
* Frogmire Bridge.
* Bow Bridge.
* West Bridge.
* Braunston Bridge.
* Cow Bridge.
* All Saints' Church.
* St. Michael's Church.
* St. Peter's Church.
* St. Martin's Church.
* St. Margaret's Church.
* Grey Friars' Church.
* St. Mary's Church.
* St. Nicholas' Church.
* St. Clement's Church.
* St. Sepulchre's Church.
* Castle Hall.
* Castle House.
* Castle Mound.
* Newarke Hospital.
* Dean of Newarke's House.
* Newarke College Church.
* Wigston's Chantry House.
* Newarke Grange.
* The Austin Friars.
* Hermitage.
* St. Sepulchre's Well.
* Newarke Mill.
* Castle Mill.
* North Mill.
* Old Mayor's Hall.
* Blue Boar Inn.
* Lord's Place.
* High Cross.
* Guild Hall.
* Wigston's Hospital.
* Henry Costeyn's House.
* The Grey Friars' Priory.
* Grey Friars' Gateway.
* do. do.
* Shambles and Draperie.
* The Gainsborough.
* Elm Tree.
* Green Dragon Inn.
* Angel Inn.
* Maiden Head Inn.
* St. George's Guild Hall.
* Rupert's Tower.
* Newarke Main Gateway.
* Bere Hill.
* Old Barn.
* Little Bow Bridge.
* St. Austin's Well.
* Roger Wigston's (?) House,
* Free Grammar School.
* Shirehall.
* Prisona Regis.
* St. John's Hospital.
* Red Cross.
* Mary Mill.