OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Barton, Thomas (d.1681-2)

​BARTON, THOMAS, D.D. (d. 1681–2), royalist divine, received his education at Magdalen Hall, Oxford, and took both degrees in arts in that university before 20 Nov. 1629, when he was presented by Charles I to the rectory of Eynesbury, Huntingdonshire, then void by simony (Bruce, Cat. of Domestic State Papers of Charles I, iv. 101; Rymer, Fœdera, xix. 139; but cf. Notes and Queries, 4th ser. i. 66). He subsequently, and apparently in 1631, became rector of Westmeston, Sussex, of which benefice he was, for his loyalty, deprived in 1642. During the civil war he was chaplain to Prince Rupert, and on 25 Aug. 1660 he was restored to his rectory of Westmeston. On 21 March 1663 he was created D.D. at Oxford by virtue of a letter from the Earl of Clarendon, chancellor of the university. He was buried at Westmeston 25 March 1682–3.
Barton is the author of: 1. ‘Ἀντιτείχισμα, or a Counter-scarfe prepared Anno 1642 for the eviction of those Zealots that in their Works defie all externall bowing at the Name of Jesus. Or the Exaltation of his Person and Name, by God and us, in Ten Tracts, against Jewes, Turkes, Pagans, Heretickes, Schismatickes, &c., that oppose both, or either,’ London, 1643, 4to. 2. ‘Ἀπόδεισις τοῦ Ἀντιτείχισματος. Or a Tryall of the Covnter-scarfe, Made 1642. In answer to a Scandalous Pamphlet intituled A Treatise against superstitious Jesu-worship written by Mascall Giles, Vicar of Ditcheling, in Sussex. Wherein are discovered his Sophismes; and the Holy Mother, our Church, is cleered of all the slanders which hee hath laid on her,’ London, 1643, 4to. 3. ‘Λόγος ἀγώνιος, or a Sermon of the Christian Race, preached before his Maiesty at Christ Church in Oxford, 9 May 1643’ [Oxford], 1643, 8vo. 4. ‘King David's Church-Prayer; set forth in a Sermon preached at S. Margaret Pattens, alias Rood-Church, London,’ on 24 June 1649. Printed in 4to in that year.
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Barton, William

​BARTON, WILLIAM (1598?–1678), hymnologist, must have been born ‘about 1598’ from his recorded age at death (eighty). His verse-translation of the Psalms was first ​published in 1644 (Bliss, Catal. 1518). It was reprinted and altered in 1645, 1646, 1651, 1654, and later. The text having been revised for ‘the last time’ by its author, it was posthumously republished in 1682. In the preface Barton says: ‘I have (in this my last translation) corrected all the harsh passages and added a great number of second metres.’ He continues: ‘The Scots of late have put forth a Psalm-book mostwhat composed out of mine and Mr. Rouse's; but it did not give full satisfaction, for somebody hath been at charge to put forth a new edition of mine, and printed some thousands of mine, in Holland, as it is reported. But whether they were printed there or no I am in doubt; for I am sure that 1,500 of my books were heretofore printed by stealth in England and carried over to Ireland.’ In 1654 he had prepared the way for his enlarged and improved Psalms by publishing ‘A View of the many Errors and some gross Absurdities in the old Translations of the Psalms in English Metre’ (Douce's copy in Bodleian). In 1659 he published ‘A Century of Select Hymns.’ This was enlarged in 1668 to ‘Four Centuries,’ and in 1688 to ‘Six Centuries,’ the last being edited by his son, Edward Barton, minister of Welford in Northamptonshire. His ‘Centuries’ were dedicated to Sir Matthew Hale. Richard Baxter suggested that Barton should specially translate and versify the ‘Te Deum.’ Late in life Barton was vicar of St. Martin's, Leicester. He is probably to be identified with the William Barton who was vicar of Mayfield, Staffordshire, at the opening of the civil wars, and who is described in a certificate presented to the House of Lords 19 June 1643 as ‘a man of godly life, and able and orthodox in his ministry,’ and as ‘having been forced to desert his flock and family by the plundering cavaliers of Staffordshire’ (Hist. MSS. Com. Rep. v. 92 a). In Cole's ‘Athen. Cantab.’ he is described as a ‘conforming Puritan.’ From Oliver Heywood's ‘Obituaries’ we learn the time of his death: ‘1678. Mr. William Barton of St. Martin's in Leicester died in May, aged 80.’ Notwithstanding the many editions these ‘Psalms’ and ‘Hymns’ ran through, they are of very slender literary value.
A. B. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Barvitus

​BARVITUS (fl. 545) was a Scotch saint, said to have been the disciple of St. Brandan, and his companion in his wanderings. Dempster states that he wrote the life of his teacher, and flourished about 658, and that the Scotch church kept 5 Jan. sacred to his memory. Other authorities refer to one Barnitus, not Barvitus, as the saint from whose accounts of his own experience St. Brandan was tempted to go on his search for the Fortunate Isles, but Barnitus and Barvitus were apparently variants of one name. A Scotch breviary says that Barvitus' body, or relics, was worshipped at Dreghorn. The exact connection of the saint with St. Brandan seems uncertain. The only work assigned to Barvitus by Dempster is one entitled ‘De Brandani Rebus.’ Tanner suggests that this may be the old manuscript life of St. Brandan still preserved in Lincoln College library at Oxford. But Mr. Coxe assigns the handwriting of this manuscript to the eleventh and twelfth centuries.
T. A. A.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Capellanus, John

Not found under this name in the ODNB; implied is that this is Walton, John (fl.1410). 1904 Errata appended.
​CAPELLANUS, JOHN (fl. 1410?), translated the 'De Consolatione Philosophiae' of Boethius into English verse. Copies of this translation are still preserved, according to Tanner, in the library of Lincoln Cathedral (i. 53) and in the British Museum (Harl, MS. xxxiv. A 5). Another copy, imperfect towards the beginning, is to be found among the Sloane MSS. This writer, who seems to haye been unknown to Leland, Bale, and Pits, flourished, if we may trust the statement of Tanner, about 1410.
T. A. A.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.53 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
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| 20 | ii | 12 | Capellanus, John: see for a fuller account the article Walton, John (fl. 1410) |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Capon, William (1757-1827)

​CAPON, WILLIAM (1757–1827), scene-painter, decorative artist, and architect, the son of an artist, was born at Norwich 6 Oct. 1757. Under his father he commenced to paint portraits, but preferring architecture was placed under Novozielski, whom he assisted in the buildings and decorations of the Italian Opera House (reopened 1791) and Ranelagh Gardens. In 1794 he erected a theatre for Lord Aldborough at Belan House, Kildare, and in the same year was engaged by John Kemble as scene-painter for the new Drury Lane Theatre. An enthusiastic student of old English architecture, he greatly assisted Kemble in his efforts to represent plays with historical accuracy, and the scenes at Drury Lane (and at Covent Garden after 1802) in which he endeavoured to reconstruct ancient buildings were greatly celebrated. Among these were a view of the ancient palace of Westminster (fifteenth century), ‘wings’ representing English streets, the Tower of London (for the play of ‘Richard III’), the council chamber at Crosby House (for ‘Jane Shore’), a state chamber temp. Edward III, a baronial hall temp. Edward IV, and a Tudor hall temp. Henry VII. His connection with Drury Lane (burnt 1809) resulted in a loss of 500l. He made drawings of the interiors of Drury Lane and Covent Garden, which were exhibited in 1800 and 1802. He was also employed for the Royal Circus and the theatre at Bath (1805). In 1804 he was appointed architectural draughtsman to the Duke of York. His leisure was employed in architectural research, and his ​plans of the old palace of Westminster and the substructure of the abbey are said to have occupied him thirty years. The former was in 1826 purchased by the Society of Antiquaries for 120 guineas, and was engraved by Basire. Though his preference was for Gothic architecture, his last work of importance was a design for a church of the Doric order. He was a frequent exhibitor at the Royal Academy, and also (between 1788 and 1827) sent drawings to the Society of Artists (one), the British Institution (five), and the Society of British Artists (five). His subjects were chiefly views of buildings and architectural remains, with some landscapes. He died at his house in North Street, Westminster, 26 Sept. 1827. A portrait of Capon, engraved by W. Bond, after a miniature by W. Bone, was published in the ‘Gentleman's Magazine,’ xcviii. 105. Some of his original drawings are in the British Museum.
C. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Capel, Richard

​CAPEL, RICHARD (1586–1656), puritan divine, descended from an ancient Herefordshire family, was born at Gloucester in 1586, being the son of Christopher Capel, alderman of that city, and his wife Grace, daughter of Richard Hands. His father was a good friend to those ministers who had suffered for nonconformity. The son, who was first educated in his native city, became a commoner of St. Alban Hall, Oxford, in 1601, was afterwards elected a demy of ​Magdalen College, and in 1609 was made perpetual fellow of that house, being then M.A. During his residence at the university he was much consulted by noted members of the Calvinistic party, and he had many pupils entrusted to his care, including Accepted Frewen, subsequently archbishop of York, and William Pember. In the reign of James I he attended at court on the Earl of Somerset, and continued there till the death of his friend Sir Thomas Overbury. In 1613 he was instituted to the rectory of Eastington, in his native county, where he became eminent among the puritanical party. In 1633, when the 'Book of Sports' of James I was published the second time by royal authority, he declined to read it in his church, and voluntarily resigning his rectory he obtained a license to practise physic from the bishop of Gloucester. He now settled at Pitchcombe, near Stroud, where he had an estate. In 1641 he espoused the cause of the parliament and renewed his ministerial functions at Pitchcombe. 'In the exerciser of the pulpit he was sometimes a Boanerges, the son of thunder; but more commonly a Barnabas, the son of consolation' (Brook, Puritans, iii. 260). He died at Pitchcombe on 21 Sept. 1656.
He married Dorothy, daughter of William Plumstead of Plumstead, Norfolk (she died 14 Sept. 1622, aged 28). His son, Daniel Capel, M.A., was successively minister of Morton, Alderley, and Shipton Moigne in Gloucestershire; the latter living he parted with in 1662 for nonconformity, and he practised medicine at Stroud until his death.
Richard Capel was the author of: 1. 'God's Valuation of Man's Soul,' in two sermons on Mark viii. 36, London, 1632, 4to, 2. 'Tentations: their Nature, Danger, Cure, to which is added a Briefe Dispute, as touching Restitution in the Case of Usury,' London, 1633, 12mo; second edition, London, 1635, 12mo; third edition, London, 1636-7, 12mo; sixth edition, consisting of five parts, 1658-55, 8vo. The fourth part was published at London, 1633,8vo. The 'Brief Dispute' was answered by T. P., London, 1679. 3. 'Apology in Defence of Some Exceptions against some Particulars in the Book of Tentations,' London, 1659, 8vo. 4. 'Capel's Remains, being an useful Appendix to his excellent Treatise of Tentations, with a preface prefixed, wherein is contained an Abridgment of the author's life, by his friend, Valentine Marshall,' London, 1658, 8vo.
He likewise edited some of the theological treatises composed by his favourite pupil William Pember, who died in his house at Eastington in 1628.
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Capon, William (d.1550)

​CAPON, WILLIAM (d. 1550), master of Jesus College, Cambridge, the brother of John Capon, alias Salcot [q. v.], was born at Salcot, Essex. He was educated at Cambridge, where he proceeded B.A. 1499, M.A. 1502, and D.D. 1517, and was proctor in 1509. He was fellow of Catharine Hall, held the living of Great Shelford, Cambridgeshire, and on 21 July 1516 became master of Jesus College, Cambridge. He acted as chaplain to Wolsey, and was nominated in 1528 the first dean of Wolsey's short-lived college at Ipswich. A long letter from Capon to Wolsey, touching the organisation of the college, is printed in Ellis's ‘Original Letters’ (1st ser. i. 185, from ‘MS. Cotton,’ Titus B i. f. 175). In 1534 he resigned the vicarage of Barkway, Hertfordshire, which he had held for several years; in 1537 became prebendary of Wells; from 26 Sept. 1537 was for a few weeks archdeacon of Anglesey; in 1543 was instituted rector of Duxford St. Peter, Cambridgeshire, and prebendary of Bangor. He resigned the mastership of Jesus College in November 1546, and died in 1550.
S. L. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Capel, William

1904 Errata appended.
​CAPEL, WILLIAM, third Earl of Essex (1697–1743), eldest son of Algernon Capel, second Earl of Essex, and Mary, eldest daughter of William Bentinck, first earl of Portland, was born in 1697. In 1718 he was appointed gentleman of the bedchamber to George II when Prince of Wales, an office in which he was continued after the prince's accession to the throne. In 1725 he was made a knight of the Thistle, and in 1722 he was constituted lord-lieutenant of Hertfordshire. In 1731 he was appointed ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary to the king of Sardinia at Turin, an office which he discharged till 1736. He was in 1727 appointed keeper of St. James's and Hyde Parks, but resigned this position on 4 Dec. 1739 on being appointed captain yeoman of the guard. On 12 Feb. 1734–5 he was sworn a member of the privy council, and on 20 Feb. 1737–8 he was made a knight companion of the Garter. He died on 8 Jan. 1742–3, and was buried at Watford. By his first wife, Jane, eldest surviving daughter of Henry Hyde, earl of Clarendon, he had four daughters, and by his second wife, Elizabeth Russell, youngest daughter of Wriothesley, second duke of Bedford, he had four daughters and two sons. Of the sons the elder died young, and the second, William Anne (1732–1799), succeeded him in the peerage.
T. F. H.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.53 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| | | 16 f.e. | Capel, William, 3rd Earl of Essex: for St. Andrew read the Thistle and for 1727 read 1722 |
| | | 11 f.e. | for afterwards read in 1727 |
# Cutter of Coleman-street/Act 2 Scene 4

Scene 4.
# Cutter of Coleman-street/Act 2 Scene 8

Scene 8.
Colonel Jolly (brought in a Chair) Aurelia, Cutter, Worm, Will, Ralph, other Servants.
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# Cutter of Coleman-street/Act 3 Scene 11

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Enter Aurelia, (after Puny.)
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Enter Truman junior. And presently Aurelia, Cutter, and Worm appear at a little Window.
# Cutter of Coleman-street/Act 2 Scene 7

Scene 7.
Enter Lucia. She goes to the Table and Writes whilst he Speaks, and gives him the Paper.
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Scene 10.
Enter Puny.
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Aurelia, Puny, Cutter, Worm.
# Cutter of Coleman-street/Act 3 Scene 1

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Jolly, Aurelia.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Benedict Chelydonius

​BENEDICT CHELYDONIUS or CALEDONIUS (fl. 1519), abbot of the Scotch monastery at Vienna, was an intimate friend of the theologian Johann von Eck, the opponent of Martin Luther. He wrote 'Contra Luthenim apostatam' and 'Bandini Sententiarum de Rebus Theologicis,' Louvain, 1557 and 1577.
[Dempster's Hist. Eccl. Gent. Scot. (1627), p. 181; Mackenzie's Scottish Writers, ii. 600; Tanner's Bibl. Brit. p. 95.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bendings, William

​BENDINGS, WILLIAM (fl. 1180), judge, was, according to Giraldus Cambrensis, sent to Ireland by Henry II in 1176 as one of four envoys, of whom two were to remain with the viceroy, Richard FitzGilbert, earl of Striguil, and two were to return, bringing with them Reimund Fitzgerald, whose nulitary exploits had aroused the king's jealousy. Reimund did not at once comply with the royal mandate, being compelled by the threatening attitude of Donnell to march to the relief of Limerick, a town which he had only lately taken. It is probable, however, that on the evacuation of Limerick, which took place the same year, soon after the death of the Earl of Striguil, Reimund returned to England, as he is not again heard of in Ireland until 1182, and that Bendings was one of those who accompanied him. In 1179, on the resignation of the chief justice, Richard deLucy, a redistribution of the circuits was carried into effect. In place of the six circuits then existing the country was divided into four, to each of which, except the northern circuit, five judges were assigned, three or four of the number being laymen. To the northern circuit six judges were assigned, of whom Bendings was one, having for one of his colleagues the celebrated Ranulf Glanvill, who was made chief justice the following year. In 1183-4 we find him acting as sheriff of Dorset and Somerset, the two counties being united under his single jurisdiction. There seems to be no reason to suppose, with Foss, that the expression, 'sex justitiæ in curia regis constituti ad audiendum clamores populi,' applied to the six judges of the northern circuit, imports any jurisdiction peculiar to them. The date of Bending's death is uncertain; but that he was living in 1189-90 is proved by the fact that he is entered the pipe roll of that year as rendering certain accounts to the exchequer.
[Giraldus Cambrensis, Expng. Hibern. ii. 11, 20; Dugdale's Chron. Ser. 3; Madox's Exc. i. 94, 138, 285; Hoveden, ed. Stubbs, ii. 19 Pipe Roll 1, Ric. I (Hunter), 147 ; Foss's Judg. of England.]
J. M. R.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Benedict of Gloucester

​BENEDICT of Gloucester (fl. 1120), author of a life of St. Dubricius, archbishop of Caerleon, was, according to his own description of himself, a monk of St. Peter's, Gloucester. Having devoted his attention to the lives of the saints, and finding that there was no satisfactory account of St. Dubricius, he set himself the task of compiling one from what authentic records he could obtain access to. This work, which still exists in manuscript at the British Museum, was edited by Wharton in his 'Anglia Sacra,' but with the omission of several miraculous details. Tanner and other authorities suppose Benedict of Gloucester to have flourished about the year 1120; but all that can definitely be said with reference to his date seems to be that he lived after this year, in which, according to Benedict's own account, the saint's bones were removed to Llandaff. There seems, however, to be little question that Benedict was indebted to Geoffrey of Monmouth, as may be seen from comparing the two authors' accounts of Arthur's coronation and the battle of Badon. This would make the date of the 'Vita Dubricii' after the year 1147.
[Wharton's Anglia Sacra, i. xxvi. and 660; Tanner; Fabricius, Bibliotheca Latina, i. 205; Cotton MSS. Vespasian A. 14; cf. Geoffrey of Monmouth, ix. 1 and 4, with Wharton, i. 667, 608.]
T. A. A.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Benbow, John (1681?-1708)

​BENBOW, JOHN (1681?–1708), traveller, son of Vice-admiral John Benbow [q. v.], was, on 29 June 1696, appointed a volunteer on board their Majesties' ship Northumberland. He did not, however, remain long in the navy, and in February 1700-1 sailed for the East Indies as fourth mate of the Degrave merchant ship. As his father was at this time commander-in-chief in the Downns, and was a few months later appointed commander-in-chief in the West Indies, and thus had it in his power to advance him in the navy, it is difficult to avoid the concluaion that there was some breach between the two. The Degrave, a ship of 700 tons, duly arrived in Bengal, where the captain and first mate died and thus, in ordinary course, Benbow was second mate when she started for her homeward voyage. In going out of the river the ship grounded heavily, and though she was got off without difficulty, and, as it was believed, without damage, she was scarcely well to sea, with a fresh northerly monsoon, before she was found to be leaking badly. With the pumps going constantly they reached Mauritius in a couple of months, but with a singular rashness started again for the Cape without having even discovered the leak. The ship, coming into a more stormy sea, was in imminent danger of sinking, and the captain, officers, and ship's company determined to make for the nearest land, which was the south end of Madagascar. There they ran the ship ashore ; she became a complete wreck, little or nothing was saved, and the men got to land with considerable difficulty. They wvre almost immediately made prisoners by the natives. Benbow, together with two or three of his companions, managed to escape ; he reached Fort Dauphin, and was eventually rescued by a Dutch ship and brought home. The rest of the ships company were killed, with the exception of one boy, Robert Drury, then fifteen years ​old, who, after fifteen years' captivity, was rescued by an English ship, and spent the rest of his life as porter in a London warehouse. We may suppose that Benbow's constitution was broken by the hardships of his savage life; he seems to have lived for a few years at Deptford, in very humble circumstances, and died 17 Nov. 1708.
He had written some account of Madagascar which remained in manuscript, and was accidentally burnt in 1714. It had, however, been seen by several, and the hazy recollections of it, together with Drury's story, were worked up, not improbably by Defoe, and published under Drury's name with the title of 'Madagascar, or Journal during Fifteen Years' Captivity on that Island' (1729).
[Campbell's Lives of the Admirals, iii. 349; Gent. Mag. (1769), xxxix. 172.]
J. K. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Benedict of Norwich

1904 Errata appended.
​BENEDICT of Norwich (fl. 1340), an Augustinian monk, flourished in the reign of Edward III. According to Bale he was distinguished for his linguistic, his scientific, and his theological skill. The same biographer, however, finds great fault with the tendency of Benedict's teaching, accusing him of a leaning towards Novatianism, Arianism, and other heresies, and also of trusting too much to Gentile authority, 'when he should have known that the divine wisdom has no need of human inventions.' Benedict, who was abbot of the Austin friars at Norwich, apparently made himself a great reputation by his popular discourses, and in this way so approved himself to Antony Bek, bishop of Norwich (1337-1443), that this prelate appointed him suffragan in his diocese. Bale calls him 'episcopus Cardicensis.' Benedict seems to have flourished about the year 1340. He was buried at Norwich, but the date of his death is not known. His writings, as enumerated by Bale, consisted of an 'Alphabet of Aristotle,' sermons for a year, and hortatory epistles. Dr. Stubbs makes Benedict suffragan of both Winchester and Norwich from 1333 to 1346.
[Bale, 422; Pits, 440; Tanner's Bibl. Brit. 96; Fabricius, Bibliotheca Latina, i. 206; Blomfield's History of Norfolk, iii. 505, iv. 90; Stubbs's Registrum Anglicanum, 143.]
T. A. A.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.22 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
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| 216 | i | 9 f.e. | Benedict of Norwich: for monk read friar |