OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Pranger

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​ Pranger, m., from the equiv. MidHG. pranger, branger, m., ‘stocks, pillory.’ It is impossible to regard this word as a euphemistic term connected with prangen, on account of Du. prang, ‘pressure, oppression,’ prangen, ‘to press, squeeze,’ pranger, ‘iron collar, barnacles, cooper's hook,’ E. dial. prong, ‘fork.’ These words show that LG. Pranger (the HG. dials. have Pfranger) is connected with Goth. praggan, MidHG. pfrengen, ‘to crowd, oppress.’ The further history of the word is obscure.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Posse

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​ Posse, f., ‘drollery, fun, farce,’ first occurs in early ModHG.; corresponding to Du. poets, pots. OHG. gibôsi, ‘tricks, nugae’ (comp. böse), cannot be allied to it. In earlier ModHG. Posse also signified the decoration, the accessories in works of art; hence the word has been connected with Fr. ouvrage à bosse, ‘work in relief’ (comp. Ital. bozzo, ‘rough stone, stone blocks,’ bozzetto, ‘slight sketch’; also E. bosh?).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Post

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​ Post, f., ‘post, post-office,’ first occurs in early ModHG., formed from Ital. posta (Fr. poste), which is based on MidLat. posita, ‘standing-place’ (for horses?). Similarly ModHG. Posten, ‘post, station, item, entry,’ is derived from Ital. posto, ‘place, post,’ which again comes from MidLat. positus, ‘standing-place.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Pottasche

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​ Pottasche, f., equiv. to E. potash; hence Fr. potasse, Ital. potassa.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Predigt

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​ Predigt, f., ‘sermon’; UpG. Predig; MidHG. brędige, brędigât, OHG. brędiga (brędia) and brędigunga.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Pracht

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​ Pracht, f., ‘state, pomp, magnificence,’ from MidHG. and OHG. praht, braht, m. and f., ‘noise, shouting.’ The evolution ​in meaning is similar to that of hell; MidHG. brëhen, ‘to light, shine,’ may also have exercised some influence, as well as ModHG. prangen, the abstract of which could only be a form identical with Pracht. OHG. and OSax. braht, ‘noise,’ like the equiv. AS. breahtm, may be traced to a Teut. root ƀrah, ‘to make a noise.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Prahm

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Prahm | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Prahm, m., ‘ferryboat, punt,’ ModHG. only, borrowed from LG.; comp. Du. praam, ‘transport,’ Dan. pram, OIc. prámr, E. prame. The whole of the cognates are derived from Slav.; comp. Slav. pramŭ, which is connected with the Aryan root par, ‘to carry across,’ preserved in HG. fahren (OHG. faran).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Preis

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​ Preis, m., ‘price, cost, prize, reward,’ from MidHG. prîs (brîs), m., ‘praise, splendour, noble deed’; borrowed in the 12th cent. from OFr. prîs (ModFr. prix), whence also E. price, prize, Du. prijs. The ultimate source is Lat. prĕtium (whence also Ital. prezzo). The expression preisgeben has nothing to do with this word, but is due rather to the equiv. Ital. dar presa; Ital. presa (equiv. to Fr. prise), ‘seizure, booty catch,’ may be traced back to Lat. prœhendere. Comp. further preisen.
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume III/Anti-Marcion/On the Flesh of Christ/Elucidations

Elucidations.
I.
(In the body of a dove, cap. iii. p. 523.)
The learned John Scott, in his invaluable work The Christian Life, identifies the glory shed upon the Saviour at his baptism, with that mentioned by Ezekiel (Cap. xliii. 2) and adds: “In this same glorious splendor was Christ arrayed first at his Baptism and afterward at his Transfiguration.…By the Holy Ghost’s descending like a Dove, it is not necessary we should understand his descending in the shape or form of a Dove, but that in some glorious form, or appearance, he descended in the same manner as a Dove descends.…Came down from above just as a dove with his wings spread forth is observed to do, and lighted upon our Saviour’s head.” I quote this as the opinion of one of the most learned and orthodox of divines, but not as my own, for I cannot reconcile it, as he strives to do, with St. Luke iii. 22. Compare Justin Martyr, vol. i. p. 243, and note 6, this series. Grotius observes, says Dr. Scott, that in the apocryphal Gospel of the Nazarenes, it is said that at the Baptism of our Lord “a great light shone round about the place.”
II.
(His mother and His brethren, cap. vii. p. 527.)
It is not possible that the author of this chapter had ever conceived of the Blessed Virgin otherwise than as “Blessed among women,” indeed, but enjoying no especial prerogative as the mother of our Lord. He speaks of “denying her” and “putting her away” after He began His Ministry, as He requires His ministers to do, after His example. How extraordinary this language—“the repudiation of carnal relationship.” According to our author, never charged with heresy on this point, the high rewards of the holy Mary, in the world to come will be those due to her faith, not to the blessing of “her breasts and of her womb.” Christ designates those as “more blessed,” who hear His word and keep it. This the Blessed Virgin did pre-eminently, and herein was her own greater blessedness; that is, (our author shews) her crown of glory depends chiefly, like that of other saints, on her faith and works, not on her mere Maternity.

## Footnotes

* ↑ I quote the Ed. London, 1739, Vol. V., p. 249.
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume III/Anti-Marcion/On the Flesh of Christ
## Contents

* I
* II
* III
* IV
* V
* VI
* VII
* VIII
* IX
* X
* XI
* XII
* XIII
* XIV
* XV
* XVI
* XVII
* XVIII
* XIX
* XX
* XXI
* XXII
* XXIII
* XXIV
* XXV
* Elucidations
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/schäkern

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​ schäkern, vb., ‘to jest, joke, play,’ late ModHG. (last cent.), from Jew.-Hebr. scheker, ‘lie.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/schälen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/schälen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ schälen, ‘to shell, scale, peel,’ MidHG. scheln, OHG. schellen, ‘to strip off, peel off’; allied to Schale.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/schön

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/schön | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ schön, adj., ‘beautiful, handsome, fine,’ from MidHG. schœne, OHG. scôni, ‘shining, bright, splendid, beautiful'; comp. OSax. skôni, ‘shining, light, beautiful,’ AS. sčŷne, ‘beautiful,’ E. sheen. Orig. ‘perceptible, worth seeing, noteworthy’ (comp. laut, lit. ‘that which is heard’); a verbal adj. from the Teut. root skau, ‘to look,’ in OHG. scouwôn (for the formation of the word see rein). Goth. has preserved only the cognate compounds, guþaskaunei, ‘form of God,’ and ibnaskauns, ‘of like appearance with,’ which imply a Goth. *skauns, ‘form’?. At all events, they show that the modern sense ‘beautiful’ did not orig. belong to the word. With the same root are connected the words adduced under schauen and OIc. skjóne, ‘dapple-grey horse,’ skjóme, ‘ray.’ See schon, schonen, and espec. schauen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/sehen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/sehen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ sehen, vb., ‘to see, look,’ from the equiv. MidHG. sëhen, OHG. sëhan; a common Teut. vb., and in this sense peculiar to this group. Comp. Goth. saihwan, OIc. sjá, AS. seón (from *seohan), E. to see, Du. zien, OSlov. sëhan, ‘to see.’ The common Teut. root sehw (with grammatical change segw, sew), from the pre-Teut. seq, closely agrees in sound with the Aryan root seq, ‘to follow, purse, accompany’; comp. Sans. sac, ‘to escort, promote,’ Gr. ἕπεσθαι, ‘to follow,’ Lat. sequi, Lith. sekti, ‘to follow’; the assumption that these words are primitively allied presents no difficulty (hence sehen is perhaps lit. ‘to follow with the eyes’). The supposition that the term is connected with Lat. secare, ‘to cut’ (Aryan root sek, ‘to penetrate’?), is untenable.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/schüchtern

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​ schüchtern, adj., ‘shy, timid, bashful,’ early ModHG. only, allied to scheu, root skuh (skeuh)?. It may be connected even with the abnormal OHG. skihtîg, ‘shy,’ but we must assume the influence of MidHG. schiuhen on the stem vowel; see scheu.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/schürfen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/schürfen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ schürfen, vb., ‘to scratch, scrape, dig,’ from MidHG. schürfen, schürpfen, ‘to cut up,’ to which schürfœre, ‘flayer, executioner,’ OHG. scurfen, ‘to cut up,’ and AS. scrëpan, sceorpan, are allied. Probably connected with the root skrëp, skërp, ‘to be sharp.’ See scharf, schrappen, and schröpfen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/schüren

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/schüren | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ schüren, vb., ‘to stir, poke,’ from MidHG. schürn, ‘to urge on, irritate, stir (the fire)’; allied to MidHG. schorn, ‘to sweep together,’ MidHG. schor, OHG. scora (Goth. skaúrô), ‘shovel.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/schützen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/schützen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ schützen, vb., ‘to protect, guard, defend, shelter,’ from MidHG. schützen, ‘to embank, dam up, protect,’ which, according to MidHG. beschüten, ‘to protect,’ implies OHG. *skutisôn. The prim. meaning is evident from MidHG. schüte, schüt, f., ‘earth-wall’ which is identical with Schutt.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/schöpfen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/schöpfen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ schöpfen, vb., ‘to draw (water, &c.),’ from the equiv. MidHG. and OHG. schępfen; comp. OSax. skęppian, Du. scheppen, ‘to draw (water).’ The verbal root skap does not occur elsewhere in this sense; the same dials. have also corresponding noun derivatives. Under Scheffel a root skap, ‘to contain,’ is deduced; with this the cognates of schaffen are also primit. allied. See Schoppen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/sechs

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/sechs | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ sechs, num., ‘six,’ from MidHG. and OHG. sëhs; a common Teut. and primit. Aryan num.; comp. OSax. sehs, Du. zes, AS. and E. six, OIc. sehs, Goth. saíhs; primit. Aryan seks (and sweks). Comp. Sans. šaš, Zend χšvaš, Gr. ἕξ, Lat. sex, W. chwech, OSlov. šestĭ.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/für

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/für | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ für, prep., ‘for, in behalf of,’ from MidHG. vür, OHG. furi, ‘before, for’; comp. OSax. furi, ‘before’; a Ger. prep. simply, allied to those discussed under vor. —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/gar

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/gar | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ gar, adj. (and adv.), ‘finished, ready, done’ (of cooked food), from MidHG. gar (inflect. garwer), adj., gare, adv., OHG. garo (infl. garawêr), adj., garo, garawo, adv., ‘made ready,’ armed, prepared, complete, entire’; corresponding to OSax. garo, AS. gearo (adv., gearwe also), E. yare, Olc. gǫrr (adv. gǫrwa), ‘ready, prepared, made’; Goth. *garwa- is wanting. The adj. was really used as a partic., the suffix wo in Ind., combines with the root pac, ‘to cook,’ forming the partic. pakvâ-s, ‘cooked, done’ (of food). Besides AS. gearo, ‘ready,’ a remarkable form, earo, is found with the same meaning, and in OSax. aru as well as gara; these forms point to Goth. *garwa and *arwa, ‘prepared, made ready.’ Hence some have identified the two classes regarding the g of *garwa- as the remnant of the verbal particle Goth. ga (HG. ge).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/fürder

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/fürder | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ fürder, adv., ‘further,’ from MidHG. vürder, OHG. furdir, adv., ‘further in front, further on, away’; apparently an oblique form of the compar. neut., like Goth. faurþis, ‘formerly,’ from fort, Goth. *faurþ; AS. furþor, adv., ‘forward, further, more distantly’ (Goth. *faúrþôs), E. further. See fort.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/gackern

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/gackern | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ gackern, gacksen, vb., ‘to cackle, chatter,’ simply ModHG.; imitative forms like MidHG. gâgen, ‘to cackle like a goose.’ akin to Du. gagelen, ‘to gabble,’ and even in OHG. gackizôn, ‘to mutter,’ gagizôn, gackazzen, ‘to bawl,’ MidHG. gagzen, ‘to cluck like a hen laying.’ Comp. Scand. gagga, ‘to howl like a fox,’ gagl, ‘wild goose,’ E. to gaggle.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/ganz

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/ganz | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ ganz, adj., ‘whole, complete, entire,’ from MidHG. and OHG. ganz, adj., ‘uninjured, complete, whole, healthy,’ prop. a HG. word simply, which was adopted, however, by the Teut. dialects of MidEurope (Dan. ganske, Du. gansch, OFris. gans; n would not have been retained before s in a native Dan. or Fris. word. The early history of OHG. ganz is obscure; if its primary meaning is ‘encircling,’ it is perhaps connected with Gr. χανδάνω, ‘to comprise’; comp. Gr. χανδός, ‘spacious’?.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/füttern

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füttern, vb., equiv. to MidHG. vüetern, vuotern, ‘to feed, nourish,’ OHG. fuotiren (Goth. *fôdrjan); a derivative of Futter, ‘nourishment.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/garstig

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​ garstig, adj., ‘filthy, foul, obscene,’ an extended form of the late MidHG. garst, adj., ‘rancid, tasting “high”’; comp. Du. garstig, ‘insipid, rank, rotten’; akin to OIc. gerstr, ‘morose’ (in appearance). Allied to Lat. fastidium, ‘disgust, aversion’?. The latter probably represented *farstidium, like tostus for *torstus, from torreo; Lat. f initially corresponds to Teut. g. See under Galle (Lat. fel). But it might perhaps be also connected with Lat. horridus for *ghorsidus.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/fürbaß

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/fürbaß | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ fürbaß, adv., ‘forward, further,’ from MidHG. vürbaȥ. adv., from für and baß.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/fürchten

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/fürchten | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ fürchten, ‘to fear, dread,’ from MidHG. vürhten (pret. vorhte), OHG. furihten, forahtan (pret. forahta), ‘to be afraid’; comp. OSax. forahtjan, AS. ​forhtian; Du. and Scand. are wanting; Goth. faurhtjan, ‘to fear, be afraid,’ with the partic. faúrhts, ‘timid,’ used as an adj. The dental of the vb., which was probably strong orig., is a suffix of the present stem, hence Teut. farh-tjan; the corresponding abstr. OHG. forh-ta is formed like Schande. To the Teut. root forh (Aryan prk?, qerk?), Lat. querquerus, ‘shivering,’ and Gr. καρκαίρω, ‘to tremble,’ have been allied.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/gaffen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/gaffen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ gaffen, vb., ‘to gape at,’ from the equiv. MidHG. (MidG.) gaffen, OHG. *gaffên (deduced from OHG. geffida, f., ‘contemplation’); Goth. *gapan is wanting. The ordinary MidHG. and OHG. words for the modern gaffen are kapfen and chapfên (Goth. *kappan, vb., is wanting). Hence, according to the sounds, the two words are radically different; in the ModHG. period, MidHG. kapfen has given way to gaffen. The latter signifies lit. ‘to look on with open mouth;’ comp. Du. gapen and the equiv. E. to gape, OIc. gapa, ‘to open the mouth wide,’ gap, ‘chaos.’ The Teut. root gap, ‘to gape,’ is allied to Sans. root jabh, ‘to snap’?.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the Norn Language in Shetland/Part 1

AN
ETYMOLOGICAL
DICTIONARY
OF THE
NORN LANGUAGE
IN SHETLAND
⟨FOTOTYPI PACHT & CRONES EFTFLG.⟩
AN
ETYMOLOGICAL
DICTIONARY
OF THE
NORN LANGUAGE
IN SHETLAND
BY
JAKOB JAKOBSEN
PART I
| LONDON DAVID NUTT (A. G. BERRY) SHAFTESBURY AVENUE | COPENHAGEN VILHELM PRIOR KØBMAGERGADE |
· : 1928 : ·
PRINTED BY S. L. MØLLER COPENHAGEN
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume VI/Arnobius/Adversus Gentes/Book V/Chapter XXIII

23. I should wish, therefore, to see Jupiter, the father of the gods, who ever controls the world and men, adorned with the horns of an ox, shaking his hairy ears, with his feet contracted into hoofs, chewing green grass, and having behind him a tail, hams, and ankles smeared over with soft excrement, and bedaubed with the filth cast forth. I should wish, I say,—for it must be said over and over again,—to see him who turns the stars in their courses, and who terrifies and overthrows nations pale with fear, pursuing the flocks of wethers, inspicientem testiculos aretinos, snatching these away with that severe and divine hand with which he was wont to launch the gleaming lightnings and to hurl in his rage the thunderbolt. Then, indeed, I should like to see him ransacking their inmost parts with glowing knife; and all witnesses being removed, tearing away the membranes circumjectas prolibus, and bringing them to his mother, still hot with rage, as a kind of fillet to draw forth her pity, with downcast countenance, pale, wounded, pretending to be in agony; and to make this believed, defiled with the blood of the ram, and covering his pretended wound with bands of wool and linen. Is it possible that this can be heard and read in this world, and that those who discuss these things wish themselves to be thought pious, holy, and defenders of religion? Is there any greater sacrilege than this, or can any mind be found so imbued with impious ideas as to believe such stories, or receive them, or hand them down in the most secret mysteries of the sacred rites? If that Jupiter of whom you speak, whoever he is, really existed, or was affected by any sense of wrong, would it not be fitting that, roused to anger, he should remove the earth from under our feet, extinguish the light of the sun and moon; nay more, that he should throw all things into one mass, as of old?

## Footnotes

* ↑ This clearly refers to the Æneid, x. 18.
* ↑ Lit., “on the rear part.”
* ↑ Suffragines.
* ↑ So the margin of Ursinus, Elmenh. L.B., Oberth., Orelli, and Oehler, reading molli fimo for the ms. molissimo.
* ↑ Lit., “censorial.”
* ↑ Lit., “rage with thunders.”
* ↑ So Gelenius, followed by Stewechius and Orelli, reading smilia for the corrupt and unintelligible ms. nullas.
* ↑ Infulæ, besides being worn by the priest, adorned the victim, and were borne by the suppliant. Perhaps a combination of the two last ideas is meant to be suggested here.
* ↑ i.e., seemingly so.
* ↑ Lit., “under this axis of the world.”
* ↑ So the ms., followed by Hild. and Oehler; the other edd. reading gens for mens.
* ↑ Lit., “felt himself to be.”
* ↑ Lit., “would the thing not be worthy that angry and roused.”
* ↑ i.e., reduce to chaos, in which one thing would not be distinguished from another, but all be mixed up confusedly.