OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The New International Encyclopædia/Railroad Worm

See also Apple maggot on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ RAILROAD WORM. A popular name in New England for the apple-maggot, the larva of a trypetid fly (Trypeta pomonella), given because it spread along the lines of the railroads. It is a native of the Northern United States and Canada, extending south along the Appalachian Mountains. The larva is a footless maggot, which lives in the pulp of the apple and tunnels it with winding channels, making here and there discolored excavations about the size of a pea. When ready to transform, the maggot leaves the apple, falls to the ground, and beneath the surface enters the pupal state, in which condition it remains until the middle of the following summer, when the perfect fly escapes. The fly is shining black with a rust-red head and legs, and whitish wings with dusky bands. The eggs are inserted into the flesh of the apple and frequently fruit is attacked which has previously been perforated by the codling moth. Thin-skinned summer and fall apples are preferred by it to the winter varieties.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Railway Carmen of America, Brotherhood of

See also the disclaimer.
​ RAILWAY CARMEN OF AMERICA, Brotherhood of. See Railway Brotherhoods.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Radford, William

Edition of 1905. See also William Radford on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
RADFORD, William (1808-90). An American naval officer, born at Fincastle, Botetourt County, Va. He entered the navy in 1825, and rose through successive grades to the rank of rear-admiral, which he attained in 1866. He distinguished himself at Mazatlan in 1847 during the Mexican War, and commanded the Cumberland in 1861, but was on court-martial duty at Old Point Comfort when that vessel was sunk by the Merrimac. He served in both attacks on Fort Fisher in 1864-65, was in command of the New Ironsides under Admiral Porter, and in 1869-70 commanded the European squadron. In 1871 he was retired from the service.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Quahog

Edition of 1905. See also the disclaimer.
​ QUAHOG, kwa̤′ha̤g. See Clam.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Quadroon

Edition of 1905. See also Quadroon on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
QUADROON (from Sp. cuarterón, quadroon, fourth part, from cuarto, from Lat. quartus, fourth, from quattuor, four). The name given to a mixture of European and negro in which the relative proportion of blood is three-fourths white and one-fourth black. The first mixture is called mulatto, the second tierceroon, the third quadroon, the fourth quintroon, etc. See Miscegenation; Mixed Races.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Quadrille (dance)

Edition of 1905. See also Quadrille on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
QUADRILLE, kwȧ-drĭl' (Fr., square). A dance of French origin, consisting of consecutive dance movements, generally five in number, danced by couples, or sets of couples. opposite to and at right angles to one another. The name is derived from the fact that the dancers are arranged into squares consisting each of four couples. The dance originated in the French ballets of the eighteenth century and was almost immediately adopted by society. Its modern form dates from the beginning of the nineteenth century. The names of the figures are: Le pantalon, l'eté, la poule, la pastourelle, or la trenise, and la finale. The music accompanying these figures alternates between triple and duple time, 3-8, or 6-8, and 2-4. Musard was the most distinguished composer of quadrille music, and under his treatment it became for a time one of the art forms. In the American quadrille there are five figures: (1) La promenade, (2) les moulinets, (3) les chevaux de bois, (4) la passe, and (5) la corbeille; but these all vary greatly at different times or places.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Quaglio

Edition of 1905. See also Giulio Quaglio the Elder, Giuseppe Quaglio, Angelo Quaglio the Elder, Domenico Quaglio the Younger, Lorenzo Quaglio the Younger, Angelo Quaglio the Younger, and Eugen Quaglio on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ QUAGLIO, kwä′lyō̇. An Italian-German family of artists, originally from Laino, near Lake Como, and afterwards residents of Austria and Bavaria. The family produced several generations of painters, etchers, lithographers, and architects, all eminent in their respective branches. The earliest on record is Giulio, born at Como, 1601, who painted, in the manner of Tintoretto, many frescoes and altar-pieces in Vienna, Salzburg, and Laibach and was ennobled by Emperor Leopold I.—Giuseppe (1747-1828), born at Laino, was noted for his scene paintings, and became Court architect at Munich (1801). He left four sons, all born in Munich and his pupils.—Angelo (1778-1815), painter and architect, is remembered especially for his masterly drawings for Boisserée's publication on the Cathedral of Cologne. Of his easel pictures, an “Interior of Saint Peter's in Rome,” and a “Gothic Church by Moonlight,” are in the New Pinakothek.—Domenico (1787-1837), architectural and landscape painter, was the most illustrious member of the family. After practicing painting scenery with rare skill in Munich from 1808 to 1819, he studied under Mettenleiter and Karl Hess and traveled extensively in Germany, the Netherlands, France, and Italy to study and paint the most remarkable monuments of mediæval architecture. His numerous productions in that field bear witness to his thorough appreciation of the famous Dutch masters in architectural painting of the seventeenth century. Of the fourteen specimens in the New Pinakothek the “Interior of Saint Sebaldus at Nuremberg” (1816), “Villa Malta in Rome” (1830), the “Cathedral at Orvieto” (1831), and the “Views in Old Munich” are the most interesting. The National Gallery in Berlin contains the “Fish Market at Antwerp” (1830) and five others, and the Leipzig Museum the “Minster at Freiburg” (1821). Of other examples may be pointed out the cathedrals of Cologne, Strassburg, Rheims, and Rouen, and the picturesque views of Burg Eltz and the castles of Heidelberg and Hohenschwangau. Intrusted with the reconstruction and entire decoration of the last-named, he died there before his task was completed. He also left some rare etchings and published Sammlung merkwürdiger Gebäude des Mittelalters in Deutschland (1810), Ansichten merkwürdiger Gebäude in München (1811), and Denkmäler der Baukunst des Mittelalters in Bayern (1816).—Lorenz (1793-1869) was a genre painter of merry scenes from popular life, often combined with the grand surroundings of Alpine scenery, such as “Card Players in Tyrolese Inn” (1824, National Gallery, Berlin), “Target Practice in Tyrol” (Cassel Gallery).—{{sc|Simon)) (1795-1878), pupil also of brother Angelo, early excelled as a scene painter, and was appointed Court theatre architect in 1815.—His son and pupil, Angelo the Younger (1829-90), followed in his footsteps, as did also his grandson, Eugen (1857—).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Pütter, Johann Stephan

Edition of 1905. See also the disclaimer.
PÜTTER, pụt'tẽr, Johann Stephan (1725-1807). An eminent German jurist, born at Iserlohn. He studied at Magdeburg, Halle, and Jena, and after 1747 was professor of law at the University of Göttingen. He exerted great influence on the law institutions of his time, and some of his works, which are written with care and originality, are still valuable. His principal work is Historische Entwicklung der heutigen Staatsverfassung des Deutschen Reichs (1786-99); and his other writings include Vollständiges Handbuch der deutschen Reichshistorie (1762-72) and Elementa Juris Publici Germanici (1754).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Quadrivium

Edition of 1905. See also Quadrivium on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
QUADRIV'IUM (Lat., four branches of mathematics, place where four roads meet). The name given, in the language of the schools of the West, to the higher course of the mediæval studies, from its consisting of four branches, as the lower course, for an analogous reason, was called trivium (q.v.), or ‘three roads.’ The quadrivium consisted of arithmetic, music, geometry, and astronomy. These four studies compose the secondary part of the curriculum outlined by Plato in The Republic, and are described in the seventh book of that work. The history of this organization of human learning is briefly sketched in the article on Arts, Seven Liberal, where references to the literature of the subject will be found.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Quadrille (card game)

Edition of 1905. See also Quadrille (card game) on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
QUADRILLE. A game of cards which, as its name denotes, is played by four persons. The number of cards employed is forty, the tens, nines, and eights being discarded from the pack. The rank and order of the cards in each suit vary according as they are or are not trumps, and are different in the black and red suits. The ace of spades is always the highest trump, and is called Spadille; the ace of clubs or Basto is always the third highest trump; while the deuce of spades or clubs, or the seven of hearts or diamonds, known as Manille, is the second highest trump, according to the suit which is the trump, being always of the trump suit. When the black suits are not trumps, the black cards rank as in whist; and when they are trumps the order is the same with the exception as above mentioned of the deuce, which (in the trump suit only) becomes Manille, the deuce of the black suit which is not trumps retaining its position as the lowest card. The game is now practically obsolete, and has a value only to the student of late seventeenth and early eighteenth century customs and literature. It was complicated by a great number of conditions, making a complete description of it here impossible, but a good description of the game of Ombre or L'hombre, practically the same game as quadrille, except that it was arranged for three players, will be found in Pope's Rape of the Lock.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Quain, Jones

Edition of 1905. See also Jones Quain on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​QUAIN, Jones (1796-1865). An English anatomist. A brother of Richard Quain, born in Mallow, Ireland. He received his medical education in Dublin and Paris. He was lecturer on anatomy and physiology in Aldersgate School of Medicine, in London, 1829-31; professor of the same branches, 1831-36. He was the author of Quain's Elements of Anatomy (1828; 10th ed. 1890), and of a translation of Martinet's Pathology (1835), and also published in 1858 a series of Anatomical Plates.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Quai d'Orsay

Edition of 1905. See also Quai d'Orsay on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ QUAI D'ORSAY, kā dôr′sā̇′. The name of a portion of the left bank of the Seine at Paris, opposite the Place de la Concorde. From the fact that the Chamber of Deputies and other Government buildings front on it, its name is used to denote the French Government as Downing Street denotes the English. The buildings facing the Quai d'Orsay suffered severely during the bombardment of Paris in 1871, when the Palais d'Orsay, built in 1810, was destroyed.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Möng Nai

Edition of 1905. See also Mong Nai on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​MÖNG NAI, mẽng nī. An eastern State of the feudatory Southern Shan States, British Burma. Area, 2716 square miles. Population, estimated at 24,000. Capital, Möng Nai.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Mühlbach, Luise

Edition of 1905. See also Luise Mühlbach on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
MÜHLBACH, mụl'bȧG, Luise. The assumed name of Klara Mundt (1814-73). A German
author, born in Neubrandenburg. Her work, consisting mostly of historical novels, is sensational, inartistic, distorted, but it shows a talent for lively description and narration that gave her a wide but short-lived popularity. Friedrich der Grosse und sein Hof and many others of her novels have been translated into English.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Mühleisen-Arnold, John

Edition of 1905. See also the disclaimer.
MÜHLEISEN-ARNOLD, mụl'ī-zen är'nold, John (1817-81). An English clergyman, missionary, and author, born at Zell (Württemberg). He was educated in Germany, and after his removal to England was successively missionary of the Church Missionary Society in India and Abyssinia, chaplain to the Bishop of Gibraltar, and chaplain to Saint Mary's Hospital, Paddington, London (1852-61). In 1850 he founded the Moslem Mission Society in England. He was chaplain of East Ham, Essex, from 1861 to 1865, consular chaplain at Batavia, Java, from 1865 to 1871, and rector of Saint Mary's Church, Papendorf, Cape Town, South Africa, from 1876 until his death. His publications include: Ishmael: or, A Natural History of Islamism (1859); English Biblical Criticism, and the Authorship of the Pentateuch, from a German Point of View (2d ed. 1864); and Genesis and Science, or, The First Leaves of the Bible (2d ed. 1875).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Mühlberg

Edition of 1905. See also Mühlberg, Brandenburg on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
MÜHLBERG, mụl'bĕrK. A town in the Province of Saxony, Prussia, on the Elbe, 35 miles northwest of Dresden (Map: Prussia, E 3). It is famous as the scene of a battle in 1547, which resulted in the defeat of the Protestants under John Frederick I., Elector of Saxony, by the Emperor Charles V., and the triumph of the Catholics in Germany. Population, in 1900, 3463.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Müllenhoff, Karl Viktor

Edition of 1905. See also Karl Müllenhoff on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
MÜLLENHOFF, mụl'len-hṓf, Karl Viktor (1818-84). A German student of Teutonic antiquities and philology. He was born at Marne, Holstein, and after studying at Kiel, Leipzig, and Berlin, was professor at Kiel (1846-58) and at Berlin (1858-84). Müllenhoff's greatest works were: Deutsche Altertumskunde (1870-99), which he left unfinished, and the treatise De Antiquissima Germanorum Poesi Chorica (1847). Consult Scherer and Schröder, Karl Müllenhoff (Berlin, 1896).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Müller

Edition of 1905. See also Gebrüder Müller on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
MÜLLER, mụ'lẽr. A family of celebrated quartet players. They were the sons as well as pupils of the principal musician to the Duke of Brunswick, and were all of them born in the city of Brunswick. Carl Friedrich (1797-1873) was first violin in the quartet and was also concertmaster to the Duke. Theodor Heinrich (1799-1855) was the viola player. August Theodor (1802-75) played the cello, and Franz Ferdinand Georg (1808-55) was the second violin. They were especially educated by their father for quartet work, and were conceded to have reduced the art of string quartet playing to a degree of perfection previously unknown. They were ambitious for greater fame than could be obtained within their own limited environment, and were particularly handicapped by the Duke of Brunswick, in whose employ they were, who had formulated the order that none of his
musicians should participate in any musical performance outside that connected with his own corps. In 1830 they resigned their employment, and made their first appearance in Hamburg, where they met with such success that they were invited to Berlin, in which city they were received with great enthusiasm. An extended tour throughout Germany followed, and in 1837 they performed in Paris. Other successful tours made them known throughout the world. They confined their programmes almost entirely to the works of Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven, and were also a very important influence in raising and establishing a higher standard of musical appreciation.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Müller, Andreas

Edition of 1905. See also Andreas Müller (painter) on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
MÜLLER, Andreas (1811-90). A German historical painter, born at Cassel. He was the son and pupil of Franz Hubert Müller (director of the Darmstadt Gallery), and afterwards studied in Munich under Schnorr and Cornelius, and in Düsseldorf under Sohn and Schadow. On his return from Italy, where he stayed in 1837-42, he executed some famous frescoes at Remagen and Sigmaringen. In these works he was assisted by his son Franz (1843—). From 1856 till 1882 Andreas was professor at the Düsseldorf Academy. He was noted for his skill in restoring old or damaged pictures.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Mörike, Eduard

Edition of 1905. See also Eduard Mörike on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
MÖRIKE, mẽ'rĭ-ke, Eduard (1804-75). A German poet. He was born at Ludwigsburg, and studied theology at Tübingen, where from 1826 to 1843 he served as a clergyman. From 1851 to 1866 he was professor of German literature in a seminary at Stuttgart. One of the most prominent members of the Swabian school, he first appeared in 1832 with the fantastic tale Maler Nolten (revised in 1872, third edition 1890), which revealed his imaginative power. His collected Gedichte (1838, eleventh edition 1894) are marked not only by the idyllic cast common to the Swabian group, but by a delicate humor and a classical severity of form peculiarly their own. The exquisitely wrought novelette Mozart auf der Reise nach Prag (1850) has frequently been accounted his finest achievement. His further work includes the Idylle vom Bodensee (1846) and the caprice Das
Stuttgarter Hutzelmännlein (1855). Many of the poems are today established folksongs. Consult the biographies by Notter (Stuttgart, 1875), Klaiber (ib., 1876), Maync (ib., 1901), and Fischer (Berlin, 1901).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Mörikofer, Johann Kaspar

Edition of 1905. See also Johann Kaspar Mörikofer on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
MÖRIKOFER, mẽ'rĭ-kṓ'fẽr, Johann Kaspar (1799-1877). A Swiss literary and ecclesiastical historian, born at Frauenfeld. He studied at Zurich, taught in his birthplace, and was pastor at Gottlieben from 1851 to 1869. His historical works have scientific value and literary charm; they include Die schweizerische Mundart im Verhältnis zur hochdeutschen Schriftsprache (1838); Klopstock in Zürich (1851); Die schweizerische Litteratur des achtzehnten Jahrhunderts (1861); Ulrich Zwingli (1867-69); and Geschichte der evangelischen Flüchtlinge in der Schweiz (1876).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Mügge, Theodor

Edition of 1905. See also Theodor Mügge on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​MÜGGE, mug′ge, Theodor (1806–61). A German novelist, born and educated in Berlin. His liberal sentiments, expressed in various newspapers and in such pamphlets as Die Censurverhältnisse in Preussen (1845), led in several instances to his arrest and prosecution. During the twenty years preceding his death he wrote numerous sketches, tales, novels, and romances, which appeared in a complete edition in 1862–67 (33 vols.). Several, including Toussaint (1840) and Afraja (1854), have been translated into English by E. J. Morris. The most interesting of his writings are his Norwegian romances and sketches of travel: Leben and Lieben in Norwegen (1858); Skizzen aus dem Norden (1844); and Nordisches Bilderbuch (1858; 3d ed. 1862).
# The New York Times/1918/11/11/Will Restore Louvain

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WILL RESTORE LOUVAIN.
University Destroyed by the Germans to be Replaced by Nations.
Announcement was made yesterday of the organization of the National Committee in the United States for the Restoration of the University of Louvain, with President Nicholas Murray Butler of Columbia University as chairman. The committee includes fifty of the leading public men of the United States, heads of American universities, financiers, educators and publicists and diplomats. Among the members are the two former Presidents, William Howard Taft and Theodore Roosevelt. The secretary's office where those desiring to aid in the restoration of the great Belgian university may send books is established at the J. Pierpont Morgan library in this city.
"The wanton destruction of the ancient and celebrated University Halls of Louvain, including the treasures of its splendid library, has evoked the unanimous indignation of the entire civilized world," says the announcement of the committee. "This application, after the sacrilegious invasion of Belgium, of the policy of monstrous terrorization by which it was planned that Kultur should be substituted for European culture, developed through the ages, is to receive universal condemnation by the restoration of the university. Founded in 1425, the University of Louvain has for five centuries been an international centre of science and learning, attended by students from all nations." National committees are being organized in all the leading nations, to co-operate with the International Committee for the Restoration of the University of Louvain.
# The New York Times/1918/11/11/War Fliers Get Medals

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WAR FLIERS GET MEDALS.
D'Annunzio and Rickenbacker Among Recipients of Aero Club Awards.
PARIS, Nov. 7.—The Foreign Service Committee of the Aero Club of America has conferred its war medal on Gabriele d'Annunzio of the Italian Army, Lieutenants Forest and Marchal of the French Army, and Douglas Campbell of California, Frank Luke of Phoenix, Aris., and Edward Rockenbacker of Columbus, Ohio.
Posthumous awards are made to Lieutenant Coiffard of the French Army, Paul Pavelka of Madison, Conn., and Ensigns C. S. Read and A. D. Sturtevant of the American Navy.
# The New York Times/1918/11/11/With Peace Impending

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WITH PEACE IMPENDING.
ARTHUR STRINGER.
# The New York Times/1919

Content exists for this periodical, though at this stage it is not specifically organised beyond a basic hierarchy.
The pages listed below are an automatically generated listing.
Special:PrefixIndex/The New York Times/1919/
# The New York Times/1918/11/11/Wants Belgium to Lead

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WANTS BELGIUM TO LEAD.
Dr. Guttery Would Have Her Troops the First in Berlin.
Dr. Arthur T. Guttery, President of the Free Church Council of England, and a member of the British commission recently sent to this country, delivered an address last night at the Madison Methodist Episcopal Church, Madison Avenue and Sixtieth Street.
"I want," he said, "the allied forces to seal the verdict of humanity in the City of Berlin, where the crimes were thought of. I would like to see, not the English or American or French boys lead the way, but the troops of that brave little country, Belgium, whose spiritual and undying courage held up the Huns long enough to prevent the world from being run over by a despotic power."
Dr. Guttery said that the time was coming, and that the need was already here, when all Christian faiths and creeds must unite under one banner, with one aim, Christianity.