OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Barnewall, Patrick

​BARNEWALL, or BARNWALL, Sir PATRICK (d. 1622), was the eldest son of Sir Christopher Barnewall of Turvey, Gracedieu, and Fieldston, son of Sir Patrick, who in 1534 was made serjeant-at-law and solicitor-general, and in 1550 master of the rolls. Sir Christopher was sheriff of Dublin in 1560, and is described by Holinshed as ‘the lanthorn and light as well of his house’ as of that part of Ireland where he dwelt; who being sufficiently furnished as well with the knowledge of the Latin tongue, as of the common laws of England, was zealously bent to the reformation of his country.’ Sir Patrick Barnewall ‘was the first gentleman's son of quality that was ever put out of Ireland to be brought up in learning beyond the seas’ (Cal. State Papers, Irish ser. (1611–14), p. 394). He succeeded his father in his estates in 1575, and in 1582 (ibid. (1574–85), 359) he married Mary, daughter of Sir Nicholas Bagenal, knight mareschal of Ireland. Shortly afterwards he began to attend the Inns of Court in London, one ‘of the evident tokens of loyalty’ which led Elizabeth in November of the same year to make him a new lease of certain lands without fine for sixty years. Loyal he undoubtedly was, but he had inherited in ​a great degree both the principles and the disposition of his father, and was thus inclined to ‘demean himself frowardly’ when the true interests of Ireland were threatened by the government. In December 1605 he was brought before the council at Dublin on the charge of having contrived the petition of the lords and gentlemen of the Pale in favour of those persons who had refused to comply with the enactment requiring attendance at the protestant church on Sundays. He denied having been the contriver of the petition, but on account of his ‘obstinate and indecent manner of defending it’ (ibid. (1603–6), p. 447) was regarded as having been more deep in the offence than he who first wrote it. He was therefore retained in prison, and ultimately was sent to England, where he was committed to the Tower. On account of illness he was, however, first ‘enlarged to his own lodgings,’ and on 31 Dec. 1606 he was sent to Ireland upon bond to appear before the lord deputy and council within four days to make his submission. While in London he was supposed to have acted as the agent of the recusants in obtaining a relaxation of the law, but whether this was so or not, his spirited resistance to it had made it practically a dead letter, and no attempt was ever again made in Ireland to enforce attendance at church through a fine in the council chamber. In 1613 he strongly opposed the creation of new boroughs in Ireland ‘as being designed only to pass votes’ (ibid. (1611–14), p. 395), and on this account was summoned to England to answer to the council. He died on 11 Jan. 1622. His son Nicholas [q. v.] became Viscount Kingsland.
[Lodge's Peerage of Ireland, v. 44–8; Gardiner's History of England (1883), i. 395–9, ii. 288; Cal. State Papers, Irish Series, vols. from 1574 to 1625.]
T. F. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Barnewall, Richard Vaughan

​BARNEWALL, RICHARD VAUGHAN (1780–1842), barrister-at-law, fourth son of Robert Barnewall, of London, merchant, by Sophia, daughter of Captain Silvester Barnewall (uncle of Robert Barnewall), began his education at Stonyhurst College, continued it under Dr. Collins, and completed it at the university of Edinburgh, was called to the bar at the Inner Temple in 1806, having previously read in the chambers of Blick, an eminent special pleader, and for some years practised at the Surrey sessions and on the home circuit. In 1817 he turned his attention to reporting in the court of King's Bench, and was thenceforth mainly occupied with that important and laborious branch of legal business until his retirement from professional labour in 1834. In this work he was successively associated with (1) Alderson, afterwards baron of the exchequer, between 1817 and 1822, (2) Cresswell, afterwards justice of the common pleas, between 1822 and 1830, (3) Adolphus, between 1830 and 1834. In the latter year, having succeeded to some property on the death of his relative, the Baroness de Montesquieu, he retired from active life, when bar and bench concurred in testifying their high sense of his character and abilities—the former presenting him with a silver vase, the latter with a testimonial. The reports—which comprise the whole of the period during which Lord Tenterden presided in the court of King's Bench, as well as the last year of Lord Ellenborough's, and the first two of Lord Denman's presidency there—are of great value, by reason both of the importance of the decisions recorded therein, and of the accuracy with which they are recorded. Barnewall died at his chambers in the Temple 29 Jan. 1842, and was buried in Paddington churchyard. He was never married. His father, Robert Barnewall, is said by Sir Bernard Burke to have been lineally descended from Sir Nicholas Barnewall, created in 1461 chief justice of the common pleas in Ireland. The baronies of Trimleston and Kingsland were held by different members of this family.
[Annual Register, 1842, p. 247; Gent. Mag. N.S. xvii. 331; Ann. Biog. (C. R. Dodd), pp. 34–7; Burke's Peerage; Burke's Extinct Peerage; Lodge's Peerage of Ireland (Kingsland title).]
J. M. R.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Barnham, Benedict

1904 Errata appended.
​BARNHAM, BENEDICT (1559–1598), merchant and benefactor of St. Alban's Hall, Oxford, was a younger son of Francis Barnham, merchant, who was elected alderman of Farringdon Without 14 Dec. 1568, and sheriff of London in 1570, and died in 1575. Benedict was educated at St. Alban's Hall, Oxford, but left apparently without a degree. He afterwards became a liveryman of the Drapers' Company, and on 14 Oct. 1591 was chosen alderman of Bread Street ward; in the same year he served the office of sheriff. He was M.P. for Yarmouth (Isle of Wight) in 1597. He was a member of the Society of Antiquaries, formed by Archbishop Parker in 1572, of which Camden and Stow were conspicuous members. Benedict died 3 April 1598, aged 39, and an elaborate monument was erected above his grave in St. Clement's, Eastcheap (Stow's London (ed. Strype), ii. 183). Wood tells that he left 200l. to St. Alban's Hall, Oxford, to rebuild ‘its front next the street,’ and that ‘as a testimony of the benefaction his arms were engraved over the gateway and on the plate belonging to the house.’ He married Dorothy, the daughter of Humphrey Smith, Queen Elizabeth's silkman, stated to be of an ancient Leicestershire family. She survived ​him, and became, a year or two after his death, the wife of Sir John Packington. By her he had four daughters, of whom Elizabeth, the eldest, married Mervin, Lord Audley and Earl of Castlehaven, of infamous memory; and Alice, the second daughter, became in 1606 the wife of Sir Francis Bacon (Spedding's Life, iii. 290).
S. L. L.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.16 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| | ii | 18 f.e. | Barnham, Benedict: after sheriff insert He was M.P. for Yarmouth, Isle of Wight, in the parliament of 1597 |
| | | 3 f.e. | for Alice read Dorothy |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Barney, Joseph

​BARNEY, JOSEPH (1751–1827), fruit and flower painter, was born at Wolverhampton. At the age of sixteen he came to London and studied under Zucchi and Angelica Kauffmann. He gained a premium at the Society of Arts in 1774, and whilst quite young was appointed drawing master at the Royal Military Academy. He held this post for twenty-seven years. He first exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1786. He dealt at first with classical, and afterwards with religious subjects; later he painted domestic life, and sank finally to flower painting in the service of the prince regent. His last time of exhibiting was in 1827.
[Redgrave's Dict. of Painters of the English School.]
E. R.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Barnett, Morris

​BARNETT, MORRIS (1800–1856), actor and dramatist, born in 1800, was originally brought up to the musical profession. The earlier part of his life was passed in Paris. Having resolved to adopt the stage as a profession, he went as a comedian to Brighton and thence to Bath. In 1833 he was engaged by Alfred Bunn for Drury Lane Theatre, when he made his first great hit in the part of Tom Drops in Douglas Jerrold's comedy ‘The Schoolfellows.’ He showed his peculiar talents in ‘Capers and Coronets,’ and after this he wrote, and performed the title rôle in, ‘Monsieur Jacques,’ a musical piece, which in 1837 created a furore at the St. James's Theatre. As a delineator of French character he obtained a celebrity in which, save by Mr. Wigan, he was unrivalled. After a period devoted chiefly to literary pursuits, he reappeared on the stage of the Princess's Theatre, where his ‘Old Guard,’ in the piece of that name, attracted general attention. He then joined the literary staff of the ‘Morning Post’ and the ‘Era,’ of which papers he was the musical critic for nearly seven years. In September 1854 he resolved to go to America, and before his departure gave a series of farewell performances at the Adelphi Theatre. The transatlantic trip was not successful. A period of severe ill-health deprived him of the power of exercising his abilities. He at last sank under the effects of his long illness, and died on 18 March 1856 at Montreal.
As a dramatist he acquired celebrity by the comedy of ‘The Serious Family,’ which he adapted from ‘Le Mari à la Campagne.’ Among his other pieces are ‘Lilian Gervais,’ a drama in three acts, adapted from the French play of J. E. Alboize de Pujol and E. Déaddé, entitled ‘Marie Simon;’ ‘Married and Un-married,’ a drama; ‘The Bold Dragoons,’ a comic drama; ‘Circumstantial Evidence,’ a comic piece; and ‘Mrs. G. of the Golden Pippin,’ a petite opera.
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Barnewall, Anthony

​BARNEWALL, ANTHONY (1721–1739), officer in the German army, was the sixth and youngest son of John, eleventh Lord Trimleston. At the age of seventeen he served in Germany with General Hamilton's regiment of cuirassiers. ‘His good sense, humility, good nature, and truly honest worthy principles, gained him the love and esteem of all who had the least acquaintance with him’ (letter to Lord Mountgarret from a general in the imperial service, 1739). There was scarcely an action of any note with the Turk that he was not in, and he always acquitted himself with uncommon resolution. He fell a victim to his headlong bravery in the stubborn battle of Krotzka (September 1739), when the Austrians were defeated by the Turks. Young Barnewall had been promoted to the rank of lieutenant only the day before. His regiment was one of the first that charged the enemy, and, the captain and cornet being killed at the first onset, the lieutenant took up the standard, tore off the flag, tied it round his waist, and led the troop to the charge. Twice he was repulsed, when, turning to his men with the words, ‘Come on, my brave fellows! we shall certainly do the work now,’ for the third time he spurred his horse into the thickest of the enemy, where, being surrounded, he fell, covered with wounds.
R. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Barnewall, John

​BARNEWALL, JOHN, third Baron Trimleston (1470–1538), was high chancellor of Ireland. The Barons Trimleston, like the Viscounts Kingsland, descend from the De Bernevals of Brittany. Sir Christopher Barnewall of Crickstown, in the county of Meath, was chief justice of the king's bench in Ireland in 1445–46. His eldest son, Nicholas, became chief justice of the common pleas in 1461. His second son Robert was knighted by King Edward IV; and in consideration of the good and faithful services done by him in Ireland to that king's father, he was created by letters patent, dated at Westminster 4 March 1461, baron of Trimleston in Ireland. His son Christopher, the second lord, received a pardon in 1488 for being concerned in the conspiracy of Lambert Simnel against King Henry VII. John, the third lord, succeeded his father Christopher early in the reign of Henry VIII. He rose to high office under that monarch, and received large grants of land from him in Dunleer. In 1509 he was made second justice of the king's bench; in 1522 vice-treasurer of Ireland; in 1524 high treasurer; and in 1534 high chancellor of Ireland, an office which he held till his death. In 1536 he was associated with the lord treasurer Brabazon in an expedition into Offaly, where they expelled from that county the O'Connor, who was then ravaging the Anglo-Irish settlements. The next year the chancellor, commissioned by the lord deputy Grey and his privy council, treated successfully with the O'Neill in the borders of Ulster, securing his submission and the disbandment of his forces. He died 25 July 1538, having been four times married. The ancient barony of Trimleston became extinct in August 1879 by the death ​of Thomas Barnewall, the sixteenth lord, who left an only daughter, married to Mr. Robert H. Elliot.
R. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Barnewall, Nicholas (1592-1663)

​BARNEWALL, NICHOLAS, first Viscount Kingsland (1592–1663), belonged to the family of Barnewall, or De Berneval. After the subjection of Ireland in the time of Henry II, Michael de Berneval, who served under Strongbow, obtained large grants of land at Beerhaven, county Cork, of which the O'Sullivans had been dispossessed. Here the Bernevals flourished in great prosperity until the reign of John, when the Irish rose against them, and destroyed every member of the family but one, who happened to be in London learning the law. The latter, returning to Ireland, was settled at Drumnagh, near Dublin, where his posterity remained until the reign of James I. Various members of the family distinguished themselves, chiefly in the law and in parliament. Nicholas, born in 1572, was son of Sir Patrick Barnewall [q. v.] He was thirty years old when his father died (1622), and he represented the county of Dublin in the Irish parliaments of 1634 and 1639. When the rebellion of 1641 broke out, he was appointed to command such forces as he could raise, which were to be armed by the state for the defence of Dublin county. ‘Dreading,’ says Lodge, ‘the designs of the Irish, he fled into Wales with his wife, several priests, and others, and stayed there till after the cessation of arms was concluded, returning in Captain Bartlett's ship 17 March 1643.’ A conversation on board this ship with his cousin Susanna Stockdale, reported by Lodge (v. 49), points to the fact that his sympathies were rather with the Roman catholics in Ireland than the protestants, and it is there said that he was very intimately acquainted with some that were near the queen. It may therefore be that Charles I was influenced by Queen Henrietta in creating Barnewall baron of Turvey and viscount of Kingsland in 1645, ‘as being sensible of his loyalty and taking special notice both of his services in Ireland and those of his son Patrick in England.’ Lord Kingsland died at Turvey 20 Aug. 1663. He married Bridget, daughter of the twelfth earl of Kildare, by whom he left five sons and four daughters.
R. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Barnewall, Nicholas (1668-1725)

​BARNEWALL, NICHOLAS, third Viscount Kingsland (1668–1725), was grandson of the first viscount, and, owing to his father's infirmities, was placed under the guardianship of his brother-in-law, Lord Riverston, who concluded a marriage for him, before he was of age, with Mary, youngest daughter of George, Count Hamilton, by his wife Frances Jennings, afterwards married to the Earl of Tyrconnel. In 1688 he entered King James's Irish army as captain in the Earl of Limerick's dragoons, and for his services in that station was outlawed. After the defeat of the Boyne he was moved to Limerick, and, being in that city at the time of its surrender, was included in the articles, and secured his estates and a reversal of his outlawry. In the first Irish parliament of William III (1692) he took the oath of allegiance, but upon declining to subscribe the declaration according to the English act, as contrary to his conscience, he was obliged to withdraw with the other catholic lords. In February 1703 he joined with many Irish catholics in an unavailing petition against the infraction of the treaty of Limerick, desiring to have the reasons heard by council, which they had to offer against passing the bill for the prevention of the further growth of popery. He died 14 June 1725, and was buried at Luske. An elegy written on his death by ‘R. U.,’ and published at Dublin in a broadsheet in 1725, speaks with high praise of his kind treatment of his tenants.
R. H.
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Salvius Cocceianus

Cocceianus.
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Sarantenus, Manuel

​SARANTE'NUS, MA'NUEL. [Manuel, literarv. No. 4. J
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Sapor

​SAPOR. [Sassanidae.]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Saras

​SARAS, a freedman of Cleopatra. (Cic. ad AtU XV. 1 5, comp. XV. 1 7, a Siregiro, q^ a Sara regio.)
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Scaurus, Aemilius 6.

6. MAMERCUS AEMILIUS SCAURUS, the son of No. 5, was a distinguished orator and poet, but of a dissolute character. He was a member of the senate at the time of the accession of Tiberius, A. D. 14, when he offended this suspicious emperor by some remarks which he made in the senate. He is mentioned as one of the accusers of Domitius Corbulo in A. D. 21, and likewise as one of the accusers of Silanus, in A. D. 22. He was himself accused of majestas in A. D. 32, but Tiberius stopped the proceedings against him. He was, however, again accused of the same crime in A. D. 34, by Servilius and Cornelius Tuscus, who charged him with magic, and with having had adultery with Livia; but his real ground of offence was his tragedy of Atreus, in which his enemy Macro had interpolated some verses reflecting upon the emperor. He put an end to his own life at the suggestion of his wife Sextia, who killed herself at the same time (Tac. Ann. i. 13, iii. 31, 36, vi. 9, 29; Dion Cass. lviii. 24; Senec. Suas. 2, de Benef. iv. 31; Meyer, Orat. Rom. Fragm. pp. 558, 559, 2d ed.). Both Tacitus (Ann. iii. 66) and Seneca (de Benef. iv. 31) call him a consular, but the year of his consulship is not known. Besides Sextia, who was his wife at the time of his death, he had also been married to Lepida, by whom he had a daughter, and who was condemned in A. D. 20 (Tac. Ann. iii. 23). In the following year he is called the paternal uncle (patruus) and step-father (vitricus) of Sulla (Tac. Ann. iii. 31), and therefore it would appear that, after the death of Lepida, he had married his brother's widow. Seneca says (Suas. 2) that this Scaurus was the last of his family. All the ancient authorities respecting the Aemilii Scauri are given by Drumann. (Geschichte Roms, vol. i. pp. 25—33.)
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Seilenus

SEILENUS. [Silenus.]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Sapiens, Laelius

​SA′PIENS, LAE′LIUS. [Laelius.]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Sejanus, L.

SEJA'NUS, L., was praetor A. D. 32. Though a friend of Aelius Sejanus, and probably a kinsman, he was spared by Tiberius. This Sejanus, at the celebration of the Floralia, employed only bald-headed persons to perform the ceremonies, which were prolonged to the evening, and the spectators were lighted out of the theatre by five thousand children, with torches in their hands and their heads shaved. This was done to ridicule Tiberius, who was bald at the top of his head. The emperor affected to know nothing of this insult. It became a fashion, in consequence of this affair, to call bald persons Sejani. (Dion Cassius, lviii. 19.) [G. L.]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Sarapis

​SARAPIS. [Serapis.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Downes, William

​DOWNES, WILLIAM, first Baron Downes (1762–1826), chief justice of the king's bench in Ireland, born at Donnybrook, near Dublin, in 1752, was the younger son of Robert Downes of Donnybrook Castle, M.P. for the Co. Kildare, by Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Twigg, likewise of Donnybrook. Having been educated at Trinity College, Dublin, where he graduated B.A. in 1773, he was called to the Irish bar in 1776. He followed the legal profession with success, and in March 1792, while M.P. for the borough of Donegal, was appointed a justice of the king's bench; in the same year he was elected a bencher of the Honourable Society of King's Inns, Dublin; and in September 1803, consequent on the murder of Lord Viscount Kilwarden, who had been for five years lord chief justice, he was selected to fill the vacancy. In 1806, on the resignation of Lord Bedesdale, lord chancellor of Ireland, the chief justice was nominated in his stead vice-chancellor of the university of Dublin by the chancellor, the Duke of Cumberland; and this post he held until 1816, when he resigned, and was succeeded by Lord Manners, the lord chancellor. He had likewise received in 1806 from the university, honoris caused, the degree of LL.D. On 21 Feb. 1822 he resigned the chief justiceship, with a pension of 3,800l. per annum, Charles Kendal Bushe [q. v.] succeeding him; and by patent dated 10 Dec. of the same year he was created an Irish peer, by the title of Baron Downes of Aghanville, King's County, with remainder, in default of male issue, to his cousin. Sir Ulysses Burgh [q. v.] After his retirement from judicial life he continued to reside at Merville, Booterstown, co. Dublin. He died there without leaving issue 8 March 1826, and was buried in a vault under St. Anne's Church, Dublin, where the remains of his old friend and companion, Judge Chamberlain, who died in May 1802, had been deposited. As an inscription on a monument in the south gallery of the church records, 'their friendship and union was complete. They had studied together, lived together, sat together on the same bench of justice, and now by desire of the survivor they lie together in the same tomb.'
Hugh Hamilton's full-length portrait of Judge (afterwards Lord) Downes was one of 'the ablest efforts of his pencil' (Mulvany, Life of James Gandon, Architect, p. 162). An admirable full-length portrait of him, in his robes as lord chief justice, was painted by Martin Cregan of Dublin; and having been engraved by Reynolds, it was published by Colnaghi, Son, & Co. in 1827. An engraving by Lupton, from a portrait by Comerford, has also appeared.
[Gent. Mag. (1826), xcvi. pt.i. p. 270; Annual Register (1826), lxviii. chron. p. 230; Todd's Catalogue of Dublin Graduates; Smyth's Law Officers of Ireland; Blacker's Brief Sketches of Booterstown and Donnybrook, pp. 122-4, 319-23]
B. H. B.