OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The New International Encyclopædia/Freedmen's Bureau

FREEDMEN'S BUREAU. A ‘Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands,’ established in the War Department of the United States by the statute of March 3, 1865. This act provided that the bureau was to be maintained through the war and for one year thereafter, and that it should have “the supervision and management of all abandoned lands, and the control of all subjects relating to refugees and freedmen,” under “such rules and regulations as may be presented by the head of the bureau and approved by the President.” Especially important was the provision authorizing the President to appropriate for the use of freedmen the confiscated and abandoned lands within the Southern States, not more than 40 acres for a period not longer than three years being assigned to each man thus aided. Provisions, fuel, and clothing were, moreover, to be distributed free of charge by the bureau to destitute freedmen and loyal refugees. The administration of the bureau was placed in the hands of a chief commissioner and his deputies, and in the actual application of the statute much was done with reference to labor, clothing, fuel, provisions, and schools for the beneficiaries of the plan. A second Freedmen's Bureau bill was passed by Congress, February 6, 1866, but was vetoed by President Johnson and was not passed over his veto. Later,
however, there was passed over the President's veto the act of July 16, 1866, which extended for two years the term of the bureau's statutory life, increased its powers, authorized the sale for educational purposes of Confederate public property, and gave to the bureau military jurisdiction over infringements of civil rights secured by the act. In June, 1868, another bill was passed, extending the term of the bureau for one year in unreconstructed States. The bureau's chief work ended on January 1, 1869, and its educational work was concluded a year and a half thereafter. More than $15,000,000 was spent by the bureau, and, in addition to the general relief afforded, it aided appreciably in the movement for the higher education of the freedmen which resulted in the founding of such institutions as Atlanta University, Fisk University, and Howard University, the last being named after the chief figure in this work, the commissioner of the bureau, Gen. Oliver O. Howard (q.v.). Widely differing opinions have been, and are, held with regard to the methods used and the results attained by the bureau, some writers maintaining that its work was almost wholly beneficent, others that on the whole much more harm was done than good. The text of the first Freedmen's Bureau bill may be found in 13 Statutes at Large (38th Congress); that of the second in 13 Statutes at Large (39th Congress). For an account of the bureau's work, consult General Howard's report for 1869, published among the executive documents of the House of Representatives. Forty-first Congress, second session. Also consult “The Freedmen's Bureau,” in Atlantic Monthly, vol. lxxxvii. (Boston, 1901). See Reconstruction.
# The New York Times/1902

Content exists for this periodical, though at this stage it is not specifically organised beyond a basic hierarchy.
The pages listed below are an automatically generated listing.
Special:PrefixIndex/The New York Times/1902/
# The New York Times/1901/08/01/Signor Crispi Sinking

SIGNOR CRISPI SINKING.
His Struggle a Terrible One—Family Said to Have Refused Priestly Offices.
NAPLES, July 31.—The bulletin issued tonight regarding Francesco Crispi's condition announced that he had suffered a relapse and was weaker.
Signor Crispi's terrible struggle for breath can be heard even in the roadway of the street where his residence stands. The members of his family and his two secretaries surround his bed. It is reported that the family have refused priestly offices.
On hearing of the telegrams of sympathy from King Victor Emmanuel and Dowager Queen Margherita, Signor Crispi said, "Oh, good King, good Queen!" He has not spoken since.
# The New York Times/1901/08/01/Telegraph Line to Dawson

Telegraph Line to Dawson.
Special to The New York Times.
OTTAWA, Ontario, July 31—There will be direct communication by telegraph between Ottawa and Dawson City to-morrow. The several sections of the line which will in the near future be finished into a complete system are from Ashcroft to Quesnel, 220 miles; from Quesnel to Hazelton, 400 miles; Hazelton to Telegraph Creek, 350 miles, and 570 miles from Atlin to Dawson, making in all 1,754 miles of line. The south terminus of the line is Ashcroft, and Vancouver messages will be accepted from there.
# The New York Times/1901/08/01/To Fight Quay Machine

TO FIGHT QUAY MACHINE.
Pennsylvania's New Union Party to Hold a State Convention.
Special to The New York Times.
PHILADELPHIA, July 31.—The new Union Party, first organized here as "an insurgent Republican movement to fight the city administration and the Quay Republican ticket for the Fall election, and of which Col. Alexander McClure has come to be recognized as the practical leader, now proposes to hold a State convention and to put up a State ticket.
Col. McClure is Chairman of the City and State Relations Committee, which will decide the matter of the State Convention and set the date. The Union Party has already secured representation in fifty-one counties, and will shortly complete the organization throughout the State. Some of the best-known anti-machine men in the State have identified themselves with the movement and the convention will probably be held at Harrisburg after the Democrats and Republicans have completed their tickets.
Thus far representative opinion is in favor of the nomination of Judge Yerkes for Supreme Court and Representative Coray for State Treasurer. The candidates will go on the ticket by means of nomination papers, and the work of obtaining the necessary signatures is about to be started.
# The New York Times/1901/08/01/To Tax the Sugar Trust

TO TAX THE SUGAR TRUST.
Chicago Is Trying to Collect on $500,000 Assessment.
Special to The New York Times.
CHICAGO, July, 31.—From nothing to $500,000 is the advance the Sugar Trust has secured on the books of the Board of Review. The American Sugar Refining Company, which is the official name of the trust, escaped taxation altogether last year. W. A. Havemeyer and his attorney, F. F. Reed, appeared before the reviewers. Mr. Havemeyer began by saying the Sugar Trust did not have any stock here on April 1. It had all been sold before that time.
"You must have the money for the sugar you sold, then," insisted Reviewer Upham, suggestively.
Mr. Havemeyer finally admitted that the Sugar Trust ordinarily carried 2,000 to 3,000 barrels of sugar in warehouse here, and that the filled barrels were worth about $18 each. Then it was that Attorney Reed spoke up.
"I have not had time to look this fully, but I am inclined to believe that you cannot tax this stock of sugar for the reason that such a taxation would be in violation of the Inter-State commerce law," said Mr. Reed. " The company is Incorporated in New Jersey, and whatever stock it sends here is usually sold before it gets here, and therefore does not belong to it, even while in warehouse."
Friday afternoon at 4 o'clock was named as the time at which the Board of Review will listen to Attorney Reed's argument.
Arbuckle Brothers of New York were represented by their local agent. The firm had not scheduled any property, and it was assessed by the Assessors at $125,000. Reviewer Upham made quick work of this case by telling the agent that if he wanted to be heard he should file a schedule.
# The New York Times/1901/9/1/The Population of London

September 1, 1901; Section: MAGAZINE SUPPLEMENT, Page SM22
From The National Review.
The population of London, according to the authoritative and careful calculations of Mr. Welton, published in the December (1900) issue of the Royal Statistical Society's Journal amounted to only 1,060,000 in 1801. This figure had doubled itself by 1841; in 1891 the total reached 5,442,000, and by 1901 was probably 6,250,000. The area included, it should be said, is not precisely that of the census returns, so that the figures, differ considerably from them. But practically we may say that in the lapse of a century the inhabitants of London multiplied sixfold. This enormous population, greater than that of many European States of the second class, is compressed within a space of about 130,000 acres, or, say, 200 square miles.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The New Student's Reference Work/Athabasca

See also Athabasca on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Athabas'ca, a former district in northwest Canada, now has the status of a province and is known as Alberta.

## Lake Athabasca

Lake Athabasca, partly in Alberta and partly in Saskatchewan (Canada); area 2,842 miles. River of the same name, 765 miles long, flows into this lake. A considerable stretch of it navigable. Athabasca Landing, a place of some commercial importance, is on its banks. The Athabasca is the most southerly of the rivers that go to make up the Mackenzie basin. It has its source in Yellow Head Pass high up in perpetual snow. It flows easterly and northerly collecting in its course the waters of the Baptiste, Macleod, Freeman, Pembina, Lesser Slave and other streams. It is one mile wide where it empties into Lake Athabasca (Lake of the Hills), and 1,100 miles from its source high up in the Rockies.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Athaliah

See also Athaliah on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Athaliah (ăth-ȧ-lī' ȧ), the daughter of Ahab, king of Israel, married Jehoram, king of Judah, and brought the worship of Baal into Judah. After the death of her son, Ahaziah, who succeeded Jehoram but reigned only one year, she tried to pave her way to the throne by destroying all the members of the royal family. But Ahaziah's son, Joash, was hidden by his aunt, and after Athaliah had reigned six years, the high priest, Jehoiada, placed Joash on the throne and caused Athaliah to be killed. Handel, in an oratorio, has told this story, and Racine also, in his drama Athalie, for which Mendelssohn composed the music.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Athena

See also Athena on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Athena. See Minerva.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Athens, Ga.

See also Athens, Georgia on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Athens, Ga., the capital of Clarke County, north central Georgia, on the Oconee River, is seventy-three miles northeast of Atlanta. It is a center of the Georgia cotton-trade, and has a number of cotton-mills and other manufactories. It is the seat of the University of Georgia, the State College of Agriculture, the State Normal and of Lucy Cobb Institute. The city is an important railway junction, and fifty miles to the eastward it has the facilities of the Savannah River. Population, 14,913.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Atacama Desert

See also Atacama on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Atacama (ä' tä-kä' mȧ) Desert, a region in the northern part of Chile which, on account of its location, is not reached by the rain-bearing winds and consequently receives almost no rainfall. The surface is mountainous and sterile, but is rich in minerals, especially copper. In the more elevated parts are found rich deposits of salt, borax and nitrate. In the eastern part of the country there is sufficient rainfall to permit the growth of herbage, which is used as fodder for llamas and other animals.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Atahualpa

See also Atahualpa on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Atahualpa (ä' tȧ-wäl' pȧ), the last of the Incas or rulers of Peru. He was first given the kingdom of Quito, but in a war with his brother had just obtained the rule of Peru, when Pizarro, at the head of his 200 Spanish cavaliers, marched through the country and entered Caxamarca where the Inca was encamped. By a daring but treacherous stratagem Pizarro got possession of the king, who had come by invitation on a friendly visit. While a priest was explaining the Christian religion, at a sudden signal the mysterious firearms poured death into the terrified masses of the Peruvians and the Spanish cavalry rode them down with merciless fury. Atahualpa, made a captive, agreed to pay an enormous ransom; but was accused of plotting against Pizarro, tried and condemned to be burned. On his agreeing to be baptized, his sentence was modified to death by strangling (1533). Prescott in his Conquest of Peru tells the story of this struggle and of the wonderful civilization of the Incas.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Atalanta

See also Atalanta on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Atalan'ta, a heroine in Greek fable. She was an Arcadian, daughter of Jasus and Clymene. At her birth she was left to die on a hill by her father who had wished for a son, but was suckled by a she-bear and grew up to be a maiden huntress of marvelous courage and skill. She slew the centaurs who pursued her, sailed with the Argonauts and took a prominent part in the chase of the Calydonian boar. She was the swiftest of mortals, and having many suitors, offered to marry the one who should outstrip her in a race, the penalty of defeat being death. At length she was beaten by stratagem. Meilanion got from Venus three golden apples, which he dropped one after another during the race; and Atalanta was so charmed by their beauty that she stooped to pick them up and so lost the race. They were both later changed into lions. Her story has been put into poetic form by Swinburne in his Atalanta in Calydon.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Atchafalaya

See also Atchafalaya River on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Atchafalaya (ăch-ȧ-fȧ-lī' ȧ), a river of Louisiana or, more properly, an outlet of the Red River. It flows southward to Grand Lake, and after passing through it reaches the Gulf of Mexico by Atchafalaya Bay after a course of 160 miles. Its name means lost river, and it is supposed to have once been the bed of the Red River.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Atchison

See also Atchison, Kansas on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Atch'ison, a city of Kansas, on the left bank of the Missouri River, 333 miles above St. Louis. It is an important railway center, nine distinct lines converging there. The city has flour mills, an iron foundry, and machine, furniture, carriage and wagon shops. St. Benedict College, St. Scholastica's Academy (R. C.), the Midland College (Lutheran), the Atchison Latin School, and excellent public and parish schools are in the city. Besides, there are an orphans' home, an insane asylum, a hospital and three parks. The city has grown rapidly. Its population is 16,429.
# The Outdoor Girls in a Motor Car

Third book in the Outdoor Girls series
The Outdoor Girls In A Motor Car
OR
THE HAUNTED MANSION OF SHADOW VALLEY
BY
LAURA LEE HOPE
Author of "The Outdoor Girls of Deepdale," "The Outdoor Girls at Rainbow Lake," "The Bobb sey Twins," "The Bobbsey Twins in in The Country," etc.
ILLUSTRATED
NEW YORK GROSSET & DUNLAP PUBLISHERS
Made in the United States of America
"TOPPLED FROM THE TREE, ALMOST IN FRONT OF THE CAR."
Books for Girls
By LAURA LEE HOPE
12mo. Cloth. Illustrated. Price per volume, 50 cents, postpaid.
THE OUTDOOR GIRLS SERIES
THE OUTDOOR GIRLS AT RAINBOW LAKE
THE OUTDOOR GIRLS IN A MOTOR CAR
THE OUTDOOR GIRLS IN A WINTER CAMP
THE BOBBSEY TWINS BOOKS For Little Men and Women
THE BOBBSEY TWINS IN THE COUNTRY
THE BOBBSEY TWINS AT THE SEASHORE
THE BOBBSEY TWINS AT SCHOOL
Grosset & Dunlap, Publishers, New York
Copyright, 1913, by Grosset & Dunlap.
The Outdoor Girls at Rainbow Lake
CONTENTS
| CHAPTER | CHAPTER | PAGE |
| I | Out of a Tree | 1 |
| II | A Strange Girl | 14 |
| III | Strangely Missing | 24 |
| IV | The Queer Peddler | 31 |
| V | Paul at the Wheel | 41 |
| VI | A Tour Proposed | 48 |
| VII | Mr. Lagg's Offer | 56 |
| VIII | In the Mud | 65 |
| IX | In Shadow Valley | 77 |
| X | Off on the Tour | 84 |
| XI | A Track of the Girl | 93 |
| XII | A Disabled Car | 104 |
| XIII | The Storm | 110 |
| XIV | At the Haunted House | 121 |
| XV | Queer Manifestations | 129 |
| XVI | "So You Have Come Back!" | 138 |
| XVII | Consternation | 147 |
| XVIII | The Prisoner | 153 |
| XIX | Mystified | 160 |
| XX | Seeking the Ghost | 168 ​ |
| XXI | The Missing Girl | 177 |
| XXII | A Swindled Farmer | 184 |
| XXIII | "That's the Man!" | 195 |
| XXIV | The Fakir Caught | 199 |
| XXV | Explanations | 204 |
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The New International Encyclopædia/Marlitt, E.

Edition of 1905. See also E. Marlitt on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
MARLITT, E., the pseudonym of Eugenie John (1825-87). A popular German novelist, born December 5, 1825, at Arnstadt, where she died, June 22, 1887. Her father was a portrait painter; her patroness was the Princess of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen, who sent her to Vienna to study music. She became deaf, lived for eleven years at Court, and then, withdrawing to Arnstadt, began there her novelistic career. Die zwölf Apostel (1805); Goldelse (1868); Das Geheimnis der alten Mamsell (1868); Thüringer Erzählungen (1869); Reichsgräfin Gisela (1870); Heideprinzesschen (1872); Die zweite Frau (1874); and other novels are familiar in English translations.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Marine Hospital Service

Edition of 1905. See also Marine Hospital Service on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​MARINE HOSPITAL SERVICE. A bureau in the Treasury Department of the United States, charged with the management of marine hospitals and relief stations for the cure of sick and disabled seamen of the American merchant marine. It has also under its supervision the national quarantine stations, the supervision of local quarantines, the investigation and suppression of epidemics and plagues, the collection and dissemination of mortality statistics and sanitary information, the scientific investigation of sanitary problems, and the examination of immigrants under the laws excluding those affected with contagious diseases. At present there are 23 marine hospitals, a sanitarium for consumptive seamen in New Mexico, and 115 relief stations. The Marine Hospital Service of the United States owes its origin to an act of Congress of July 16, 1798. For a long time the service consisted mainly of independent hospitals built as necessity arose and placed under charge of a surgeon appointed by the Secretary of the Treasury. In 1871 the service was reorganized and all the hospitals placed under the charge of a supervising surgeon-general with an office in Washington. In 1902 the staff consisted of a surgeon-general, 29 surgeons, 21 passed assistant surgeons, and 56 assistant surgeons, all commissioned officers, appointed by the President. There were besides 129 acting assistant surgeons appointed by the Secretary of the Treasury. The marine hospitals are located on both the Atlantic and Pacific seaboards, on the Gulf of Mexico, on the Great Lakes, in several of the larger river cities, and in Alaska, while relief stations exist in the new insular possessions. By an act of Congress of July 1, 1902, the official title of the service was changed to the Public Health and Marine Hospital Service. Consult the annual reports and public addresses of the Surgeon-General.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Marined

Edition of 1905. See also marined on Wiktionary; and the disclaimer.
​MARINED. A term in heraldry, applied to an animal whose lower extremity terminates in a tail like that of a fish. See Heraldry.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Margaret (Queen of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden)

Edition of 1905. See also Margaret I of Denmark on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
MAR′GARET (1353-1412). Queen of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. She was the second daughter of Valdemar IV., King of Denmark, and the wife of Haakon VI., King of Norway, whom she married in 1363. On the death of her father without direct male heirs, the Danish nobles, after an interregnum, offered the crown in 1376 to Margaret and her husband in trust for their infant son Olaf. By the death of Haakon in 1380 Margaret became sole guardian of the young Prince, who died in 1387. Such was the skill with which she had conducted the Government during her sole regency that the estates of both kingdoms concurred in electing her as their joint sovereign. With the concurrence of her subjects, she nominated her grand-nephew, Eric of Pomerania, her successor; and although, owing to Eric's infancy at the time, and his subsequent incapacity, the real power rested in the hands of Margaret, she contented herself from that time with the title of “Margaret, by the grace of God, daughter of Valdemar, King of Denmark.” At the moment that Margaret was cementing the union of Norway and Denmark, the condition of affairs in Sweden opened the way for a further extension of her power. The Swedish King, Albert of Mecklenburg, had so thoroughly alienated the affections of his subjects that the nobles, declaring the throne vacant, offered to acknowledge Margaret as their ruler. The Queen lost no time in sending an army into Sweden to support her pretensions, and defeated the King's German troops at Falköping in 1389, where Albert fell into her hands. The King remained in prison till 1395, during which time Margaret continued the work of subjugating Sweden. In 1397 she effected the so-called Union of Kalmar, by which the crowns of the three Scandinavian kingdoms were henceforth to remain united. Eric, who was in his sixteenth year, was invested with the triple dignity. Margaret continued to exert great influence in the Government. She died toward the close of 1412, while she was attempting to bring about peace between Eric and the Duke of Holstein. Consult Otté, Scandinavian History (London, 1874).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Marinduque (island)

Edition of 1905. See also Marinduque on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​MARINDUQUE. One of the Philippine Islands, situated in the Visayan Sea, 19 miles south of the Isthmus of Tayabas, separating North from South Luzon. It is roughly circular in shape, with a diameter of 20 miles and an area of 667 square miles, or, with the dependent islets, 681 square miles. The interior is mountainous and forested, with some fine grazing grounds. The principal occupations of the inhabitants are cattle-raising and the cultivation of rice and hemp, the latter being of fine quality. Copra is also manufactured and exported. The population is 48,000, almost entirely Tagálog. Marinduque was a separate province until June 23, 1902, when the large island of Mindoro (q.v.) was annexed to it. The capital is Bóac, a strongly fortified town near the northwestern coast, with a large stone church, straight and regular streets, and a population of 14,722. Marinduque has an advantageous position as a port of call on the main line of communication between Luzon and Mindanao, and steamers visit it weekly.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Marinduque (province)

Edition of 1905. See also Marinduque on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​MARINDUQUE, mä′rē̇n-do͞o′kā̇. A province of the Philippines, comprising the islands of Marinduque and Mindoro (qq.v.) with their dependent islands.