OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/baar

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry baar. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ baar, adjective, from the equivalent Middle High German and Old High German bar (nominative Middle High German barer, barwer, Old High German barêr), adjective, ‘naked, bare, denuded, free, empty.’ It corresponds to Old Saxon bar, Anglo-Saxon bœr, English bare, Old Icelandic berr, ‘naked, bare'; Gothic *baza- is wanting. The r of the non-Gothic dialects is an old s (not r) as is proved by the affinity to Old Slovenian bosŭ, Lithuanian basas, ‘bare-footed,’ which, as well as the Teutonic adjectives, point to an Aryan bhosó-s, ‘denuded’ (with regard to the antiquity of this idea see nackt). Compare also Armenian bok, ‘naked,’ which is based upon bhosko-; besides, English bald (Middle English balled) points to a Gothic participle *bazlôþs (Anglo-Saxon *bœllod). Perhaps entbehren is also connected with the root bhes. Compare further barsch.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/ballhornisieren

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry ballhornisieren. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ ballhornisieren, verb, verballhornen, ‘to make worse by altering’; derived from Ballhorn, a publisher in Lübeck (1531-1599), who in his ‘enlarged and improved' editions of an ABC book was always making fresh mistakes in his ‘emendations.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/bammeln

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry bammeln. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ bammeln, also bambeln, verb, ‘to dangle,’ first recorded in Modern High German, hence it may be an onomatopoetic word collateral with bimmeln, bemmeln, ‘to tinkle.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/backen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry backen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ backen, verb (dialectic Upper German bachen), ‘to bake,’ from Middle High German backen, bachen, strong verb; doublets are found even in Old High German bacchan, bahhan, strong verbs; Old High German cch is based upon the double consonants kk (Old Saxon bakkeri, ‘baker,’ Dutch bakken, ‘to bake’); but ch presupposes a simple k. Compare Anglo-Saxon bacan, strong verb, English to bake, as well as English batch, from Middle English bacche, Anglo-Saxon *bäcce, where cc points to the ck of the Modern High German word. Whether a Gothic *bakkan or *baqan, strong verb must be presupposed is uncertain; the pre-Teutonic form of the verbal root is Aryan bhō̆g, as is shown by its primitive kinship to Greek φώγω, ‘I roast’; the affinity of Latin fŏcus, ‘hearth,’ is doubtful.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/ballen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry ballen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ ballen, verb ‘to clench (the fist),’ from Middle High German ballen, ‘to form into a ball.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/geschwind

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry geschwind. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ geschwind, adjective and adverb, ‘swift(ly), rapid(ly), quick(ly),’ from geswinde, adjective and adverb, ‘quick(ly), vehement(ly)'; in earlier Modern High German schwinde, Middle High German swinde (swint), ‘powerful, strong, quick.’ In Old High German the adjective is wanting (yet the proper names Amalswind and Adalswind are recorded). The primary meaning is ‘strong’; the development of meaning to ‘quick’ is similar to that of bald; Gothic swinþs, ‘strong, powerful, healthy,’ Old Icelandic svinnr, ‘intelligent,’ Anglo-Saxon swið, ‘strong, violent,’ show various aspects of the primary meaning. The origin of the cognates is obscure; its relation to gesund is dubious.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/gestatten

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry gestatten. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ gestatten, verb, ‘to allow, admit, grant,’ from Middle High German gestaten, weak verb, ‘to grant, permit,’ Old High German gistatôn; probably connected most closely with Old High German stata, feminine, ‘favourable opportunity’ (for details see Statt). —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/gewahr

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry gewahr. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ gewahr, adjective, ‘aware,’ from Middle High German gewar, Old High German and Old Saxon giwar, ‘heedful, attentive, mindful’; hence gewahr werden is literally ‘to grow careful, mindful’; thus even in Middle High German gewar wërden, Old High German giwar wërdan, Old Saxon giwar wërdan; compare Dutch gewaar, English aware. Allied to Middle High German gewar, feminine, ‘oversight, headship,’ gewarsame, ‘oversight, certainty,’ Modern High German Gewahrsam, masculine, ‘surety, custody.’ —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/gestalt

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry gestalt. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ gestalt, adjective, ‘having form or shape,’ in wohlgestalt, ungestalt; compare Middle High German ungestalt, Old High German ungistalt, ‘disfigured, ugly,’ Middle High German wolgestalt (wol ges'ęllet); a participle of Middle High German stęllen, which may also mean ‘to shape, make, accomplish, set in order.’ To this is allied Gestalt, feminine, ‘external appearance, shape, figure, mien,’ Middle High German gestalt, feminine, ‘shape, appearance, nature,’ Old High German *gistalt. Considering the comparatively late appearance of the word (not until the end of the 13th century), Gestalt may have been derived from the old compound, Old High German ungistalt, Middle High German ungestalt, adjective, ‘disfigured.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/gesund

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry gesund. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ gesund, adjective, ‘sound, healthy, wholesome,’ from the equivalent Middle High German gesunt(d), Old High German gisunt(t); also Middle High German gesunt, Old High German gisunt, m, ‘health’; compare Anglo-Saxon gesund and sund, English sound, Dutch gezond, Old Frisian sund. To East Teutonic the word is unknown. Its connection with Latin sânus, ‘healthy,’ is as feasible phonetically as its connection with geschwind, or with the Teutonic root sinþ, ‘to go,’ in Gesinde.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/getreu

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry getreu. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ getreu, see treu. —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/getrost

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry getrost. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ getrost, see frösten.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/gestehen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry gestehen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ gestehen, verb, ‘to acknowledge, confess,’ from Middle High German gestên, gestân, Old High German gistân, strong verb, ‘to stand still, assist, own, confess’; derivatives, Modern High German geständig, Geständnis, See stehen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/gestern

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry gestern. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ gestern, adverb, ‘yesterday,’ from the equivalent Middle High German gëstern (gëster), Old High German gëstaron (gëstre), adverb; also, with a divergent meaning, Old High German êgëstern, ‘the day after to-morrow’ (and ‘the day before yesterday’); corresponding to Gothic gistradagis, ‘to-morrow,’ Old Icelandic ìgœr, ‘to-morrow, yesterday.’ It is evident that the primary word was used in the double sense of ‘to-morrow’ and ‘yesterday’ (literally ‘on the second day from this’); compare also Anglo-Saxon geostra, gistrandœg, English yesterday, Dutch gisteren, ‘yesterday.’ The form and the idea are Aryan; compare Sanscrit hyás, ‘yesterday,’ Greek χθές, Latin heri (for hjiesi?); ghyés is the primitive form, whence with the suffix tro-, ghistro-, ghyestro- (Gothic gistra). For heute, ‘to-day,’ and morgen, ‘to-morrow’ (Latin cras, Sanscrit çrás), an equally diffused form is wanting.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/gewahren

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry gewahren. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ gewahren, verb, ‘to be aware of, perceive, discover,’ from late Middle High German gewarn, ‘to become aware’; derived from the adjective. See wahrnehmen, wahren.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/mauscheln

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry mauscheln. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ mauscheln, verb, ‘to act like a cheat,’ literally ‘mosaizare’; allied to Mausche, equivalent to Hebrew Môschâh, ‘Moses.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/mausen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry mausen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ mausen, verb, ‘to catch mice, pilfer,’ from Middle High German musen, ‘to creep, deceive’; a derivative of Middle High German mûs, equivalent to Maus.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/manschen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry manschen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ manschen, verb, for earlier mantschen, ‘to splash, dabble,’ from Middle High German *mangezen, Old High German *mangazzen; allied to mengen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/matt

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry matt. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ matt, adjective, ‘checkmated; faint, languid, insipid,’ from Middle High German mat (genitive mattes), adjective, ‘checkmated’ (also figuratively), which was adopted from Romance in the latter half of the 12th century; compare French mat. Italian matto, Middle Latin mattus, whence also Dutch mat, English mate. This characteristic term, which was introduced with chess, is formed from Arabic and Persian schâh mât, ‘the king is dead.’ See Schach.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/mehr

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry mehr. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ mehr, adjective and adverb, ‘more,’ from Middle High German mêr; comparative of viel; also, doubly compared, mêrer, mē̆rre, ‘greater or larger’ (of space, number, and value); further indeclinable mêre, mêr, mê, ‘plus’; Old High German mêr, undeclin. neuter and comparative adverb, ‘more, plus, magis, amplius,’ adjective mêro, ‘major, greater’ (also with the addition of the comparative suffix mêrôro, mêriro, ‘major’). Old High German mêro originated in maizo, Gothic maiza, the -iza- of which is the Old Teutonic comparative suffix (compare besser, Gothic batiza; höher, Gothic hauhiza); compare Anglo-Saxon mâ, adverb and neuter substantive, ‘more,’ adjective mâra, English more. The corresponding superlative is meist. Gothic maiza, for *majiza, belongs, with the Gothic superlative maists (see meist), to the Teutonic adjective mê-rs, ‘projecting,’ discussed under Märchen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/mannig

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry mannig. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ mannig, see manch.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/mausig

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry mausig. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ mausig, adjective, ‘pert, saucy,’ Modern High German only (sich, mausig machen, ‘to bray, bluster’), allied to Mauser, ‘moulting,’ literally ‘one that moults, mews, dresses smartly in order to make himself conspicuous.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/mauen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry mauen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ mauen, verb, from the equivalent Middle High German mâwen, ‘to mew like a cat’; an imitative word; compare Mietze.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/maßen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry maßen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ maßen, conjunction, ‘whereas,’ from the dative plural mâȥen (of Middle High German mâȥe), ‘in the method’; originally used only as an adverb, but in Modern High German as a conjunction also; allied to Maß.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/meckern

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry meckern. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ meckern, verb, ‘to bleat,’ Modern High German only; Middle High German has an equivalent word by a different derivation from the same stem, mëchzen, ‘to bleat,’ allied to Middle High German mëcke, masculine, ‘he-goat,’ as a nickname (Gothic *m(illegible text)gga, ‘he-goat,’ is wanting). Compare the pre-Teutonic root mak in Greek μηκάομας, ‘to bleat.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Dalles

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Dalles. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Dalles, masculine, ‘destruction, ruin,’ Jewish; ​properly the Jewish winding-sheet worn on the great ‘day of atonement’ (hence originally ‘to wear the Dalles’); from Hebrew talîth. According to others, the word is based on Hebrew dallût, ‘poverty.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Damast

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Damast. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Damast, neuter, ‘damask,’ early Modern High German, derived, like Dutch damast, English damask, from Romance (compare French damas, Italian damasto); based on the name of the city Damaskus.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Dachtel

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Dachtel. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Dachtel, feminine, ‘box on the ear’; like Ohrfeige, properly a euphemism used in jest for a blow. Dachtel is an older (Middle High German) form for Dattel. Compare further the term Kopfnüsse, ‘blows on the head,’ the original sense of which expresses, of course, something different from what is usually understood by the word. See Nuß.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Dach

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Dach. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Dach, neuter, ‘roof, cover, shelter,’ from Middle High German dach, neuter, ‘roof, covering, ceiling, awning,’ Old High German dah; it corresponds to Anglo-Saxon þœc, ‘roof,’ English thatch, Old Icelandic þak; Gothic *Þak, ‘roof,’ is wanting, the term used being hrôt, the primitively Teutonic term for ‘roof,’ allied to Decken. The art of constructing houses (see under Giebel, First, Haus, Thür, Schwelle, Tenne, Zimmer, &c.) was not yet developed when the Teutons were migrating from East to West; hence most of the technical terms are peculiar to Teutonic. The primary meaning of the word Dach is apparent, since it is formed by gradation from a Teutonic root Þek, Aryan teg, ‘to cover’; Latin tego, tegere; Greek τέγος, neuter, ‘roof’; the same stage of gradation as in High German Dach is seen in Latin toga (‘the covering garment’), Latin tugurium, ‘hut.’ The same root appears in Greek with a prefix s, στέγω, ‘I cover,’ στέγη, ‘roof,’ as well as in Lithuanian stógas, ‘roof,’ Indian sthágâmi, ‘I cover.’ Hence the High German Dach, like the equivalent Greek τέγος, στέγη, Lithuanian stógas (akin to stěgti, ‘to cover’), signifies properly ‘the covering part.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Dachs

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Dachs. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Dachs, masculine, ‘badger,’ from the equivalent Middle High German dahs, Old High German dahs, masculine; undoubtedly a genuine Teutonic word, like Fuchs, Bachs, though it cannot be authenticated in the non-German languages (Dutch and Low German das). It was adopted by Romance (Middle Latin taxus, Italian tasso, French taisson). It is probable that the animal, specially characterised by its winter burrow, received its name from the Aryan root teks, ‘to construct.’ In Old Indian the root takš properly signifies ‘to construct skilfully, make, build’ (a carriage, pillars of an altar, a settle), while the name of the agent formed from it — takšan — denotes ‘carpenter, worker in wood.’ To the same root belong Greek τόξον, ‘bow,’ τέκτων, ‘carpenter’; in Teutonic also Old High German dëhsala, Middle High German dëhsel, ‘hatchet, axe.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Büse

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Büse. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Büse, feminine, ‘herring-boat,’ not from Middle High German buze, Old High German buzo (z for ts), but from the equivalent Dutch buis, to which Old Icelandic búza,. Anglo-Saxon bûtse (in bûtsecearlas), English buss, also correspond. There are similar words in Romance — Middle Latin buza, bussa, Old French busse, buce. The origin of the cognates is probably not to be sought for in Teutonic; the source whence they were borrowed is uncertain.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Büste

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Büste. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Büste, feminine, ‘bust,’ Modern High German only, from French buste.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Bütte

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Bütte. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Bütte, Butte, feminine, from the equivalent Middle High German büte, bütte, büten, Old High German butin, feminine, ‘tub, butt’; the cognate Low German and English words contain an abnormal medial t; Anglo-Saxon bytt, ‘flagon,’ English butt, Old Icelandic bytta. These indicate that the High German word was borrowed in the Old High German period, when the shifting of t to tz was already accomplished. In the cognates the meaning varies, ‘leather pipe, cask,’ just as in the Romance class from which they were borrowed — Spanish bota, ‘leather pipe,’ French botte, ‘butt.’ To Old High German butin (Middle Latin butina), Middle High German büten, the Modern High German derivative Büttner (from Middle High German bütenœre), ‘cooper’ (likewise a frequent surname), is also related.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Büttel

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Büttel. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Büttel, masculine, ‘beadle, jailer,’ from Middle High German bütel, Old High German butil, masculine, ‘a messenger of the law’; compare Anglo-Saxon bydel, ‘messenger,’ English beadle (which is based both on the Anglo-Saxon bydel and on a Middle English word of Romance origin — Middle Latin bedellus, Modern French bedeau, ‘beadle’); allied to bieten.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/vielleicht

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry vielleicht. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ vielleicht, adverb, from Middle High German vil lîhte, literally ‘very easy,’ then ‘probably,’ finally ‘perhaps.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/voll

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry voll. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ voll, adjective, ‘full, complete, entire,’ from the equivalent Middle High German vol (ll), Old High German fol (ll); a common Teutonic adjective, corresponding to the equivalent Gothic fulls, Anglo-Saxon and English full, Dutch vol, and Old Saxon full. Allied to füllen, which see. The other Aryan languages also preserve a corresponding plno- (ln becomes Teutonic ll); compare Sanscrit pûrṇá, Zend parena, Lithuanian pìlnas, Old Slovenian plŭnŭ, Old Irish lán (for plôno-), Latin plênus, ‘full’ (manipulus, ‘handful’). The Latin adjective is a participle in no-, from the root plê, ‘to till’ (Latin complêre, implêre; Greek πίμπλημι, from the root πλη), which appears in Sanscrit as pur, prâ, ‘to fill.’ The cognates of viel belong to the similar root pel. —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/verwichen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry verwichen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ verwichen, participle, ‘past, late, former,’ from verweichen.