OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Ward, William (1787-1849)

1904 Errata appended.
​WARD, WILLIAM (1787–1849), financier, born at Highbury Place, Islington, in July 1787, was the second son of George Ward (d. 1829), of Northwood Park, Cowes, a London merchant and large landowner in the Isle of Wight and Hampshire, by his wife Mary (d. 1813), daughter of Henry Sampson Woodfall [q. v.] Robert Plumer Ward [q. v.] was William's uncle.
William was educated at Winchester College. He was destined for commerce, and spent some time at Antwerp in a banking-house. On his return his father took him into partnership in 1810. In 1817 he was elected a director of the bank of England, and distinguished himself by his accurate knowledge of foreign exchanges. In 1819 he gave evidence before the parliamentary committees on the restrictions on payments in cash by the bank of England. On 9 June 1826 he was returned to parliament in the tory interest for the city of London, and in 1830 at the request of the Duke of Wellington, he acted as chairman of the committee appointed to investigate the affairs of the East India Company preparatory to the opening of the China trade. In 1831, discontented at the spirit of reform, he declined to stand for parliament. In 1835 he presented himself as a candidate, and was defeated by the whigs. From that period he retired from public life. In 1847 he published a treatise entitled ‘Remarks on the Monetary Legislation of Great Britain’ (London, 8vo), in which he condemned the act of 1816 establishing an exclusive gold standard, and called for a bi-metallic currency. Ward was a famous cricketer, and patron of the game. He made at that time the unequalled score of 278, on Lord's ground 24 July 1820, for the M.C.C. against Norfolk. In 1825 Ward bought the lease of Lord's ground to save it from builders' speculation. He continued to play occasionally down to 1845.
Ward died on 30 June 1849 in London at Wyndham Place. On 26 April 1811 he married Emily, fifth daughter of Harvey Christian Combe, a London alderman. She died on 24 Sept. 1848, leaving four sons—William George Ward [q. v.], Henry Ward, Matthew Ward, and Arthur Ward—and two daughters.
[Gent. Mag. 1849, ii. 206; Men of the Reign; Official Return of Members of Parliament, ii. 304, 318; Burke's Landed Gentry.]
E. I. C.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.275 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 344 | i | 22 | Ward, William (1787-1849): for a London merchant, read of Northwood Park, Cowes, a London merchant and large landowner in the Isle of Wight and Hampshire, |
| | | 4 f.e. | after currency. insert Ward was a famous cricketer and patron of the game. John Nyren dedicated his 'Cricketer's Guide' to him in 1833, and congratulated him on 'having gained the longest hands on record,' referring to his at that time unequalled score of 278, made on Lord's Ground on 24 July 1820 for the M.C.C. against Norfolk. In 1825 Ward bought the lease of Lord's Ground, to save it from sale for building purposes (Cricket, in Badminton Series, and Pycroft's Cricket Field). He continued to play occasionally down to 1845. |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Ward, William (1766-1826)

​WARD, WILLIAM (1766–1826), engraver, elder brother of James Ward (1769–1859) [q. v.], was born in London in 1766. He became a pupil of John Raphael Smith [q. v.], for whom he afterwards worked as an assistant. Ward became a very distinguished engraver, working occasionally in stipple, but chiefly in mezzotint, and his best plates are remarkable for their artistic and effective treatment. These include portraits of David Wilkie and Patrick Brydone, both after A. Geddes; daughters of Sir Thomas Frankland, after Hoppner; and Horne Tooke, after J. R. Smith; ‘Sleeping Nymph,’ after Hoppner; ‘The Snake in the Grass,’ after Reynolds; ‘The Blind Beggar of Bednall Green,’ after W. Owen; and a series of about twenty remarkably fine transcripts of pictures by his brother-in-law Morland, which are now much prized. He engraved many portraits from pictures by contemporary artists; also some historical and domestic subjects after Bol, Honthorst, Rubens, Bigg, Copley, Peters, J. Ward, R. Westall, and others, and several of the plates in ‘Gems of Art.’ From his own designs he executed in stipple a few charming female figures in the style of J. R. Smith. Ward was elected an associate of the Royal Academy in 1814, and he also held the appointment of mezzotint-engraver to the prince regent and the Duke of York. He lived latterly in Warren Street, Fitzroy Square, and there he died suddenly on 1 Dec. 1826. In 1786 he married Maria Morland, sister of George Morland [q. v.], who at the same time married Ward's sister Anne. Ward ​had two sons—Martin Theodore, noticed below, and William James [q. v.]
The son, Martin Theodore Ward (1799?–1874), painter, was born about 1799. He studied under Landseer, and painted dogs and horses. He exhibited at the Royal Academy from 1820 to 1825, and afterwards occasionally at the British Institution up to 1858. He died in poverty at York on 13 Feb. 1874.
[Redgrave's Dict. of Artists; Sandby's Royal Academy; Chaloner Smith's British Mezzotinto Portraits; William and James Ward, by Mrs. Julia Frankau, 1904.]
F. M. O'D.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Warde, Luke

​WARDE, LUKE (fl. 1588), sea captain, was with (Sir) Martin Frobiser [q. v.] in his first and second voyages to the north-west, 1576–7. In April 1578 he is mentioned as having brought into Southampton a quantity of goods taken from pirates. In May 1578 he sailed again with Frobiser in his third voyage, being received as an adventurer ‘gratis,’ in consideration of his service. Luke Sound marks a place at which he landed. In December 1581 he was engaged in fitting out the Edward Bonaventure, in which in 1582–3 he was vice-admiral under Edward Fenton [q. v.] in the expedition for China, which did not get further than the coast of Brazil. Warde afterwards wrote the account of the voyage which was published by Hakluyt (Principal Navigations, iii. 757). In 1587–9 he commanded the queen's ship Tramontana against the Spanish armada and in the narrow seas. In 1590, still in the Tramontana, he was admiral, or, as it would now be called, senior officer, in the Narrow Seas. In 1591 he commanded the Swallow in the narrow seas. His name does not occur in the accounts of any of the numerous expeditions during the rest of the war, so that it is probable that he died shortly after 1591. The name, commonly written Ward, is shown by his signature (Cotton. MS. Otho, E. viii. freq.) to be Warde.
J. K. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1912 supplement/Byrne, Edmund Widdrington

​BYRNE, Sir EDMUND WIDDRINGTON (1844–1904), judge, born at Islington on 30 June 1844, was eldest son of Edmund Byrne of Whitehall Place, Westminster, solicitor, by his wife Mary Elizabeth Co well. Educated at King's College, London, he entered as student at Lincoln's Inn on 5 Nov. 1863, was a pupil in the chambers of (Sir) George Osborne Morgan [q. v. Suppl. I], and was called to the bar on 26 Jan. 1867. Starting his career with a family connection among solicitors, he soon made for himself a large business as a conveyancer and equity draftsman, while his powers of clear and concise statement in court gave him a position among the leading juniors of the chancery bar; a place in his pupil room in Lincoln's Inn was much sought after. He took silk in 1888 and became a bencher of his inn in 1892. Attaching himself to the court of Mr. Justice Chitty [q. v. Suppl. I], he quickly obtained the lion's share of the work there in conjunction with Robert Romer, Q.C., destined to be his colleague on ​the bench. A well-grounded lawyer and pleasant speaker, he was an admirable leader in routine chancery cases, and the care with which he got up his briefs and the pertinacity with which he plied his arguments made him an especial favourite among clients professional and lay. He was essentially the advocate for a court of first instance, and his appearances in the higher tribunals were rare, except when following to the court of appeal cases in which he had appeared at the former hearing. In July 1892 he successfully contested the Walthamstow division of Essex as a conservative. The Finance Act of 1894 and the abortive employers' liability bill of the following year provided ample opportunity for a fluent and careful lawyer's intervention in debate. Byrne surprised his friends by the facility with which he acquired the parliamentary manner, and he was bracketed by the ministerial press with Mr. J. G. Butcher, K.C., and Mr. T. Gibson Bowles as 'the busy bees.' In July 1895 he was again returned for Walthamstow by a largely increased majority, and on 18 Jan. 1897, on the promotion of Chitty to a lord-justiceship, the vacant judgeship in the chancery division was given to Byrne. He was knighted in due course. On the bench he was accurate, painstaking, courteous, and patient to all comers, and his judgments, which included an unusual number of patent cases, were, with hardly an exception, affirmed upon appeal. On the other hand he was morbidly conscientious, apt to be too dependent on authority, and extremely slow; arrears accumulated in his court and in his chambers. He died after a very short illness on 4 April 1904, at his house, 33 Lancaster Gate, Hyde Park. He was buried at Brookwood cemetery.
Byrne married on 13 Aug. 1874 Henrietta Johnstone, daughter of James Gulland of Newton, of Wemyss, Fifeshire, by whom he left a family. A portrait by Edmund Brock is in the possession of Lady Byrne.
[The Times, 6 April 1905; personal knowledge and private information.]
J. B. A.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1912 supplement/Cairnes, William Elliot

​CAIRNES, WILLIAM ELLIOT (1862–1902), captain, military writer, born at Galway on 18 Sept. 1862, was son of John Elliot Cairnes [q. v.], the economist, by Eliza Charlotte, daughter of George Henry Minto Alexander. After education at Blackheath proprietary school, University College school, and the International College, Isleworth, he was commissioned as lieutenant in the militia (royal Irish rifles) on 16 Sept. 1882. From the militia he obtained a commission as lieutenant in the 3rd dragoon guards on 14 May 1884, was transferred to the South Staffordshire regiment a week later, and to the royal Irish fusiliers on 16 July 1884. He served with the second battalion of that regiment at several home stations. Promoted captain on 21 May 1890, he became on 31 March 1897 adjutant of the 1st volunteer battalion of the Yorkshire light infantry. This appointment prevented his going to South Africa with his regiment, both battalions of which served in the Boer war. He found scope however for his abilities and military knowledge at home, by writing on military subjects. Though stationed at Wakefield, he joined the staff of the 'Westminster Gazette' in November 1899, and till April 1901 he wrote a daily article on the war in progress as 'military correspondent.' His articles were among the best of their kind. In 1900 he published anonymously 'An Absent-minded War,' which was widely read for its pungent and well-informed criticism. Its sarcasm, if not always just, fell in with the public mood; and the epigrams were often happy. Other books by Cairnes, dealing with military questions in a more constructive way, did not find so much favour, though they showed more solid qualities. In April 1901 a committee was appointed to consider the education and training of officers of the army, with Mr. Akers-Douglas as chairman, and Cairnes as secretary. In their report, in March 1902, the committee stated that Cairnes's knowledge, tact and ability had greatly facilitated their inquiry. He was also secretary to the military court of inquiry into the remount department. These duties and his literary activity taxed his strength. He died of pneumonia in London on 19 April 1902. He married in June 1884 Mamie, daughter of M. McClelland of Glendarragh, co. Londonderry. She survived him, with one daughter.
In addition to 'An Absent-minded War' he published anonymously 'The Army from within' (1901) and 'A Commonsense Army' (1901); also under his own name, 'The Coming Waterloo' (1901) and 'Lord Roberts as a Soldier in Peace and War' (1901). He wrote in the 'National' and 'Contemporary' Reviews, in 'Harper's Magazine,' and occasionally in 'The Times.' He was a clever draughtsman, able to ​illustrate his articles, and he took out several patents for inventions.
[Army and Navy Gazette, 26 April 1902; The Times, 22 April 1902; private information.]
E. M. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1912 supplement/O'Connor, James

​O'CONNOR, JAMES (1836–1910), Irish journalist and politician, was born on 10 Feb. 1836 in the Glen of Imaal, co. Wicklow, where his father, Patrick O'Connor, was a farmer. His mother's maiden surname was Kearney. After education at an Irish national school, he entered early on a commercial career. He was one of the first to join the Fenian organisation, and when its organ, the 'Irish People,' was established in 1863, he joined the staff as book-keeper. With John O'Leary [q. v. Suppl. II], Thomas Clarke Luby [q. v. Suppl. II], O'Donovan Rossa, andC. J. Kickham [q.v.], and the other officials and contributors, O'Connor was arrested on 15 Sept. 1865 at the time of the seizure and suppression of the paper. Convicted with his associates, he was sentenced to seven years' imprisonment. After five years, spent chiefly in Millbank and Portland prisons, he was released, and became sub -editor to the 'Irishman' and the 'Flag of Ireland,' advanced nationalist papers conducted by Richard Pigott [q. v.]. When Pigott sold these papers to Parnell and the Land League in 1880 and they were given up, O'Connor was made sub-editor of 'United Ireland,' which was founded in 1881. In December of that year O'Connor was imprisoned with Parnell and other political leaders in Kilmainham.
After the Parnellite split in 1887, 'United Ireland,' which opposed Parnell, was seized by the Irish leader and O'Connor left. He was shortly after appointed editor of the 'Weekly National Press,' a journal started in the interests of the anti-Parnellites. In 1892 he became nationalist M.P. for West Wicklow, and he retained the seat till his death at Kingstown on 12 March 1910.
Though an active journalist, O'Connor published little independently of his newspapers. A pamphlet, 'Recollections of Richard Pigott' (Dublin, 1889), supplies the most authentic account of Pigott's career.
O'Connor was married twice; his first wife with four children died in 1890 from eating poisonous mussels at Monkstown, co. Dublin. A public monument was erected over their grave in Glasnevin. By his second wife, whose maiden name was McBride, he had one daughter.
[Recollections of an Irish National Journalist, by Richard Pigott; Recollections of Pigott, by James O'Connor, 1889; New Ireland, by A. M. Sullivan, p. 263, 10th edition; Recollections of Fenians and Fenianism, by John O'Leary; Recollections, by William O'Brien; Freeman's Journal, Irish Independent, and The Times, 13 March 1910.]
D. J. O'D.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Markland, Abraham

1904 Errata appended.
​MARKLAND, ABRAHAM, D.D. (1645–1728), master of the hospital of St. Cross, near Winchester, second son of Michael Markland, druggist, was born in the parish of St. Dionis Backchurch, London, on 25 June 1645, and was admitted into Merchant Taylors' School in 1658 (Robinson, Register of Merchant Taylor School, i. 244). Thence he was elected to a scholarship at St. John's College, Oxford, in 1662. He graduated B.A. 8 May 1666, was elected a fellow of his college, and commenced M.A. 11 Feb. 1688-9. He was senior of the great Act celebrated 14 July 1669; and retiring afterwards into Hampshire, he 'followed the pleasant paths of poetry and humanity for a time' (Wood, Athenæ Oxon. ed. Bliss, iv. 710). Entering into holy orders, he became successively rector of Brixton, Isle of Wight, in 1674, of Easton, Hampshire, in 1677, and of Houghton, in the same county, in 1678 (Foster, Alumni Oxon. 1500-1714, iii. 971 ). On 3 July 1679 he was installed in a prebend of Winchester, and in 1684 he obtained the rectory of Meon Stoke, Hampshire. He was admitted B.D. and D.D. at Oxford in 1692. In August 1694 he was appointed master of the hospital of St. Cross, and he held that post till his death on 29 July 1728. By his first wife, Catharine, daughter of Edward Pitt of Strathfield Say, Dorset, he had one son, George, fellow of St. John's College, Oxford, who died in 1722, aged 44. By his second wife, Elizabeth he had also one son, Abraham, born 19 July 1705, who died an infant.
He was author of: 1. 'Poems on His Majesties Birth and Restauration; His Highness Prince Rupert's and His Grace the Duke of Albemarle's Naval Victories; the late Great Pestilence and Fire of London,' London, 1667, 4to. 2. 'A Sermon preached before the Court at Guildhall Chappell, 29 Oct. 1682,' London, 1683, 4to. 3. 'Pteryplegia: or the art of Shooting-flying,' a poem, London, 1727, 4to; Dublin,' 1727, 8vo; second edit. London, 1735, 8vo; third edit. London, 1767, 8vo. 4. 'Sermons preach'd at the Cathedral-Church of Winchester,' 2 vols. London, 1729, 8to (a posthumous publication).
[Nichols's Lit. Anecd. iv. 272, 657-9, vii. 249, viii. 504; Lowndes's Bibl. Man (Bohn),p. 1476; Hearne's Remarks and Collections (Doble), ii. 57; Le Neve's Fasti (Hardy), iii. 34; Cat. of Oxford Graduates; Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Foster's Alumni Oxon. 1500-1714.]
T. C.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.194 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 175 | ii | 15-19 | Markland, Abraham: Note that the poem numbered 3 was by the son, George Markland (see l. 4 supra), and not by the father, Abraham. |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Marlow, William

​MARLOW, WILLIAM (1740–1813), water-colour painter, born in 1740, studied under Samuel Scott the marine painter, and also at the St. Martin's Lane academy. He was a member of the Incorporated Society of Artists, and contributed to their exhibitions in Spring Gardens in 1762, 1763, and 1764. He was employed in painting the country seats of noblemen, and by advice of the Duchess of Northumberland travelled in France and Italy from 1765 to 1768. On his return he renewed his contributions to the Society of Artists, and took up his residence in Leicester Square. In 1788 he removed to Twickenham, and commenced to exhibit at the Royal Academy, sending works regularly till 1796, and again, for the last time, in 1807, when he sent 'Twickenham Ferry by Moonlight.' He painted in oil as well as water-colour. In the South Kensington Museum is a landscape in oil by him, 'Composition with Ruined Temple, Cattle Watering, and Men Fishing,' besides two drawings in water-colour and about forty sketches. There are some of his works at the Foundling Hospital, and a few drawings in the British Museum. His drawings are graceful but of no great power, and his method in water-colour did not advance beyond tinting. His subjects were generally English country scenes, but he painted some pictures from his Italian sketches, and etched some of the latter, as well as some views on the Thames. His views of the bridges at Westminster and Blackfriars were engraved.
He realised a moderate competence, and died at Twickenham 14 Jan. 1813. He exhibited in all 152 works, 125 at the Society of Artists, two at the Free Society, and twenty-five at the Royal Academy.
[Redgrave's Dict.; Graves's (Algernon) Dict.; Catalogues of South Kensington Museum; Roget's Old Water-Colour Society.]
C. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Markwick, Nathaniel

​MARKWICK or MARKWICKE, NATHANIEL (1664–1735), divine, son of James Markwick of Croydon, was born in April 1664. He was admitted to Merchant Taylors' School in 1677, and matriculated as a commoner at St. John's College, Oxford, on 14 July 1682. He graduated B.A. in 1686, and proceeded M.A. in 1690, and B.D. (under the name of Markwith) on 1 Feb. 1696. He held the vicarage of Westbury, Buckinghamshire, from 1692 to 1694, and of St. Mary Magdalen, Taunton, from 1696 till 1703. On 4 Oct. 1699 he also became prebendary of Bath and Wells. From 1703 till his death, 20 March 1736, he was vicar of East Brent, Somerset.
Markwick was author of the following: 1. 'A Calculation of the LXX Weeks of Daniel, Chapter ix. Verse 12, as they are supposed and shown to be different from the Seven and Sixty-two in the following Verse; and also from the One Week, Verse 27, etc.,' 1728, 8vo. The alternative title, 'Stricturæ Lucis,' is given in the dedication. 2. 'Last Additions to "Stricturæ Lucis,"' 1730, 8vo. 3. 'Supplement to "Stricturæ Lucis," or Second Thoughts,' 1730, 8vo. 4. 'The Prerogative of the Jews asserted, without Diminution or Derogation to the Churches of the Gentiles. Being some further Thoughts upon the Subject of the matter of "Stricturæ Lucis," occasioned by the Objections of Two Friends, the Rev. J. N. (or U ?) and Rev. J. W. Whereunto are added a few more Remarks tending to illustrate the Calculation of Daniel's Weeks,' 1731, 8vo. 5. 'Six Small Tracts' (one of the two Brit. Mus. copies has manuscript notes), 1733, 8vo. 6. 'Some ​Additional Notes towards a further Elucidation of the Apocalyptick Visions, by way of Appendix to Six Small Tracts,' 1734, 8vo.
[Foster's Alumni Oxon. 1500-1715; C. J. Robinson's Register of Merchant Taylors' School, i. 293, where the date of Markwick's death is wrongly given as 1721; Le Neve's Fasti Eccles. Angl. i. 191; Brit. Mus. Cat.]
G. Le G. N.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Markham, Peter

​MARKHAM, PETER, M.D. (fl. 1758), writer on adulteration, exposed with some force the abuses in the manufacture of bread during the great scarcity of 1757. His writings did much to attract parliament to the subject suggestions were adopted due making of bread (31 Geo. II, c 29). He published: 1. 'Syhoroc, or Considerations on the Ten Ingredients used in the Adulteration of Bread Flour and Bread; to which is added a Plan of Redress,' &c., London, 1758, 8vo. Reprinted in the same year with the title, 'A Dissertation on Adulterated Bread,' &c. 2. 'A Final Warning to the Public to avoid the Detected Poison; being an Exposure . . . [of] an Infamous Pamphlet by Henry Jackson,' called "An Essay on Bread,"' &c.; 2nd edit. London, 1756, 8vo. Jackson's pamphlet had been written in reply to 'Poison Detected' and 'The Nature of Bread Honestly and Dishonestly Made,' published in the same year.
[Monthly Review, 1768. xviii. 493.]
W. A. S. H.
# Dictionary of the Swatow dialect/nut
### nutnut

* 訥nût6401494
* Sparing of words; slow of speech.

#### i ío nût, bô̤ hìeⁿ ŏi tàⁿ ūe;

    he is sparing of words, and not much of a talker.

#### i chùi cn̂g kâi nût căi;

    he is very unready of speech.

#### thóiⁿ tîeh nût-nût nē, ŭ cìaⁿ-keng chiet-ìo kâi ūe i īu ŏi tàⁿ;

    he appears very quiet, but if there is any special or important subject for him to talk abont he can talk fluently enough.
# Dictionary of the Swatow dialect/ong
### ongong

* 掌ong23648
* To slap.

#### ong i kâi kih-kau;

    slapped her on the cheek.
* 翁ong10461244
* A gray-beard; an old man.

#### hṳ̂-ong;

    a fisherman.

#### ong sài;

    that woman’s father and husband.

#### tn̂g-ong;

    a term of honor for a district magistrate, who in turn applies it to the prefect, and he to his superior.

#### i tàⁿ sĭ hŏng tn̂g-ong kâi mĕng kâi;

    he said he was obeying the orders of his superior in office.
* 敁ŏng894665
* To jolt a baby.

#### ŏng a-nôⁿ;

    jolt a baby in the arms.

#### ŏng i ût;

    jolt him to sleep.

#### i ŏng tîeh cē khùaⁿ-ûah cĭu ût khṳ̀;

    if he is jogged comfortably he will go to sleep.

#### pàng īe-nâ tèng ŏng;

    put him in his cradle and jog him up and down.