OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# A Family History of Venkatagiri Rajas/17th Generation

Seventeenth Generation.
Pinna Kondappa Naidu.
Pinna Kondappa Naidu (17)
=Thimmamba
=Akkamma.
= Singamma.
Rangappa Naidu.
Yachama Naidu (18)
Thimma Naidu.
Kasturi Rangappa Naidu (19)
Akuviti Thimma Naidu.
Pedda Thimma Naidu.
Chinna Thimma Naidu.
Kondappa Naidu.
Chennappa Naidu.
Thimma Naidu.
Pedda Kondappa Naidu.
Chinna Kondappa Naidu
Mala Kondappa Naidu.
Kumara Chennappa Naidu.
Kumara Thimma Naidu.
Kondappa Naidu.
Pedda Kondappa Naidu.
Thimma Naidu.
Chennappa Naidu.
Rayappa Naidu.
Venkatadri Naidu.
Venkatadri Naidu.
Rayappa Naidu.
Venkatadri Naidu.
Venkatapathi Naidu.
Rangappa Naidu.
Kumara Rangappa Naidu.
Singama Naidu.
Thirupaihi Naidu.
Kondappa Naidu.
Pedda Venkatappa Naidu. Naidu.
Chinna Venkatappa
Four sons.
Ramachandra Naidu.
Vengama Naidu.
Venkatadri Naidu. ​ Little is known about the chief member, Pinna Kondappa Naidu, the third son. Pedda Kondappa Naidu stayed at Velugodu, and his younger brother Thimma Naidu, at Gani in Nandyal taluk. Thimma Naidu a brave soldier, lived during the days of Achyuta Deva Rai and Rama Rai of Vijayanagar. He defeated Thimma Raju at Pattukota, and Bhairam Khan on a different occasion. When the Sardars and Poligars made an united attempt to defeat him in 1530 A.D., he came out victorious to the surprise of all, but in the end he was slain by Obala Rai, who was in his turn defeated and killed by his second son Nayanappa Naidu on the banks of the Krishna in 1546 A.D.
His youngest son Yerra Thimma Naidu was also an able warrior and commanded much respect from Rama Rai. His son Thimma Naidu left an inscription dated 1583 A.D., at Podili, the headquarters of a taluk of the same name in Venkatagiri Estate. ​It treats of his free gift of lands to Brahmins and is significant by different names given to members of his family. In that inscription he is himself styled Kumara Chinria Thimma Naidu, his father Kumara Thimma Naidu, and his uncle as Pedda Thimma Naidu. This serves to prove how members are known by more names than one.
# A Family History of Venkatagiri Rajas/15th Generation

Fifteenth Generation.
Nirvana Rayappa Naidu
(alias Pedda Rayadu.)
Nirvana Rayappa Naidu (15).
Singama Naidu.
Rangappa Naidu.
Abba Naidu.
Thimma Naidu.
Kumara Thimma Naidu (16).
Rangappa Naidu.
Pedda Kondappa. Naidu.
Gopala Naidu.
Thirupathi Naidu.
Thimma Naidu. Gani Naidu?
Pinna Kondappa Naidu (17).
Thimma Naidu.
Nayanappa Naidu?
Yerra Thimma Naidu.
Narasingappa Naidu.
Guravappa Naidu.
Chennappa Naidu.
Six sons.
Thimma Naidu? =Lingama.
Three sons.
Nirvana Rayappa Naidu surnamed Pedda Rayudu, is an important member, for he was the founder of the place and the Dynasty known as Velugodu. He was a contemporary ​of the great Carnatic Ruler Krishna Deva Rai living in the sixteenth century and was in the earlier part of his life-time a subject Prince and Commander-in-Chief of Krishna Rai. Velugodu which then belonged to Krishna Deva Rai was once attacked by a Muhammadan chief, and Nirvana Rayappa Naidu, who was then very powerful and resided at Devarakonda, marched against him on his own accord, and defeated and killed him. He then returned with a white umbrella as the token of success, and was allowed to use it for himself by the king of Carnatic. From that moment he came to be known as the Lord of White Umbrella. He was also granted the free enjoyment of the taluk of Velugodu which he so ably defended. Thus he acquired the family name of Velugodu which means Veli-Godugu, the White Umbrella, and the same name exists as Velugoti to this day. He soon changed his capital from Devarakonda to Velugodu, which was considerably improved. ​This event is recorded in a book called the "Victories of Krishna Deva Rai" and other historical texts. The Kurnool Manual also refers to this, though with a difference in date.
A short description of Velugodu is not out of place here. Velugodu belongs to Nandi-kotkur taluk of modern Kurnool district and is situated forty miles east of Kurnool, fifteen miles north of Nandyal and forty miles south of Srisailam. The fort itself is three-fourth in ruins.
The once Siva's temple has been changed to Kesava's, and a throne is preserved in it. The throne is made of Kuruvinda Mani (a precious stone) and is 6 by 4 by 3 feet. It has thirty-two pictures artistically arranged around it. Four lions are carved on its sides and in the centre of it is a peculiar hollow which can be filled with water to make the seat cool in summer. In form, it is like Delhi throne or that at Hyderabad. A river flows close by, and the place commands very fine ​weather. It now contains a Forest Office and a Post Office.
Near Velugodu were built two tanks, one in his own name, and the second in the name of his daughter Mallamma. When he died, a poet called Mallanna wrote in his name a poem called "Vaikuntarohanam" or ascent to heaven.
# A Family History of Venkatagiri Rajas/19th Generation

Nineteenth Generation.
Kasturi Rangappa Naidu.
The history of Kasturi Rangappa Naidu is nothing but a record of a few military incidents of his time. The first is his success against the Muhammadan Chief of Golconda. Next he compelled the chiefs of Kondavedu and Venukonda to retreat to Kocherlakota. Then his defeat of Thimmana Gandu a notorious rebel of the days of Krishna Deva Rai. When he once rose in revolt, he was made to succumb. The description goes that Rangappa Naidu met him in a valley called Kotakanuma, and in an engagement killed as many as 26,000 warriors, made the rebel a fugitive, and compelled him thenceforward to pay tribute for which act the hero was granted a taluk known as Orwaseema.
But the most remarkable incident is the conflict with Thimma Raju of Matla Varu ​in 1597 A.D.; Thimma Raju with the assistance of his warlike brothers Kondraja, Venkataraja and Dasariraja not only extended his power beyond the limits, but annexed the territory of Vobala Raju, whereupon the latter applied to Rangappa Naidu for assistance who at once marched to Kodur with a troop of 2,000 followers. Dama Venkatappa Naidu joined him with a small force. Thimma Raju when he heard this, quickly gathered friends from Katreni, Vanka, Kunapalli and others and reached Yerraguntla. He then sent word through Guthi Venkata Raju that he saw no cause for Rangappa Naidu's intervention and he was prepared to come to terms. But he got a reply that a solemn promise had already been made to restore the territory of Vobala Rai and that fighting could cease only on that condition being fulfilled. Then Thimma Raju began the attack with ninety elephantry, 1,000 cavalry and 12,000 infantry, and Rangappa Naidu with ​his few followers and friends bravely fought against such odds. In the end Thimma Raju was defeated, fifty-three of his leaders including Linga Raju and Thimmanna and all the four commanders were slain. Other leaders and chiefs surrendered and their lives were spared.
# A Family History of Venkatagiri Rajas/21st Generation

Twenty-first Generation.
Kumara Yachama Naidu.
Introductory. — Kumara Rangappa Naidu the eldest of these brothers, became the founder of a line of kings at Bobbili, and details of his life are procurable from a history of Bobbili Rajahs written from the pen of the Maharajah of Bobbili.
Military. — The sixth of the brothers is the chief member of this line. Nothing is known about him except that he once opposed the troops from Mysore in an engagement near the village of Chavali and routed them in a close pursuit of thirty miles, for which act of bravery he was amply rewarded by Abdul Padusha, the Nawab of Carnatic, with horses, elephants and royal presents, besides a bright sword.
# A Family History of Venkatagiri Rajas/18th Generation

Eighteenth Generation.
Yachama Naidu.
Yachama Naidu, the second son of Pinna Kondappa by his second wife, has little that is noteworthy. This generation is important for the long genealogy preserved in that Telugu poetical work "Bhanumati Parinayam" written by Vetur Ranga Rajah and dedicated to Rayappa Naidu his brother's grandson. His brothers son Venkatadri Naidu is the founder of Venkatagiri which is the capital of Venkatagiri Estate. Venkatadri Naidu defeated Gobburi Poligars of Kalimili, a name by which Venkatagiri was previously known, subsequently occupied it and made it his chief residence, naming it after himself. Though the place thus passed into the possession of Venkatagiri family, it was not till the twenty-third generation that it became the capital of the Rajahs.
# A Treatise on Painting/Chapter 63

Chap. LXIII.—Of Positions.
The pit of the neck, between the two Clavicles, falls perpendicularly with the foot which bears the weight of the body. If one of the arms be thrown forwards, this pit will quit that perpendicular; and if one of the legs goes back, that pit is brought for​wards, and so changes its situation at every change of posture.
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# A Treatise on Painting/Chapter 65

Chap. LXV.—Of Figures that have to lift up, or carry any Weight.
A weight can never be lifted up or carried by any man, if he do not throw more than an equal weight of his own on the opposite side.
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# A Treatise on Painting/Chapter 66

Chap. LXVI.—The Equilibrium of a Man standing upon his Feet, Plate VI.
The weight of a man resting upon one leg will always be equally divided on each side of the central or perpendicular line of gravity, which supports him.
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# A Treatise on Painting/Chapter 68

Chap. LXVIII.—Of the Centre of Gravity in Men and Animals.
The legs, or centre of support, in men and animals, will approach nearer to the centre of gravity, in proportion to the slowness of their motion; and, on the contrary, when the motion is quicker, they will be farther removed from that perpendicular line.
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# A Treatise on Painting/Chapter 69

Chap. LXIX.—Of the corresponding Thickness of Parts on each Side of the Body.
The thickness or breadth of the parts in the human body will never be equal on each side, if the corresponding members do not move equally and alike.
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# A Treatise on Painting/Chapter 7

Chap. VII.—Of Dimensions in general.
In general, the dimensions of the human body are to be considered in the length, and not in the breadth; because in the wonderful works of Nature, which we endeavour to imitate, we cannot in any species find any one part in one model precisely similar to the same part in another. Let us be attentive, therefore, to the variation of forms, and avoid all monstrosities of proportion; such as long legs united to short bodies, and narrow chests with long arms. Observe also attentively the measure of joints, in which Nature is apt to vary considerably; and imitate her example by doing the same.
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# A Treatise on Painting/Chapter 70

Chap. LXX.—Of the Motions of Animals.
All bipeds in their motions lower the part immediately over the foot that is raised, more than over that resting on the ground, and the highest parts do just the contrary. This is observable in the hips and shoulders of a man when he walks; and also in birds in the head and rump.
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# A Treatise on Painting/Chapter 64

Chap. LXIV.—Of balancing the Weight round the Centre of Gravity in Bodies.
A figure standing upon its feet without motion, will form an equipoise of all its members round the centre of its support.
If this figure without motion, and resting upon its feet, happens to move one of its arms forwards, it must necessarily throw as much of its weight on the opposite side, as is equal to that of the extended arm and the accidental weight. And the same I say of every part, which is brought out beyond its usual balance.
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# A Treatise on Painting/Chapter 67

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Chap. LXVII.—Of Walking, Plate VII.
A man walking will always have the centre of gravity over the centre of the leg which rests upon the ground.
London Published by J. Taylor High Holborn.
London, Published by J. Taylor High Holborn.
# A Treatise on Painting/Chapter 71

Chap. LXXI.—Of Quadrupeds and their Motions.
The highest parts of quadrupeds are susceptible of more variation when they walk, than when they are still, in a greater or less degree, in proportion to their size. This proceeds from the oblique position of their legs when they touch the ground, which ​raise the animal when they become straight and perpendicular upon the ground.
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# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Davies, David Gam

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​DAVIES. (Lieut., 1815. f-p., 16; h-p., 25.)
David Gam Davies entered the Navy, in Jan. 1806, on board the Pompée 74, Capt. Rich. Dacres, flag-ship in succession of Sir Wm. Sidney Smith and of the Hon. Edwin Henry Stanhope; in which he assisted in various operations on the coast of Italy in 1806, including the sieges of Gaeta and Scylla, and the taking of Capri and Fort Licosa, and accompanied, in 1807, the expeditions to the Dardanells and Copenhagen. From March, 1808, to July, 1810, he next served, as Midshipman, in the Puissant 38, Capts. Adam Mackenzie and Schomborg, on the Brazilian station; after which he joined, in Feb. 1811, the Southampton of 38 guns and 212 men, Capt. Sir Jas. Lucas Yeo, and, on 3 Feb. 1812, assisted at the capture of the Haytian frigate Améthyste of 44 guns and 700 men, at the close of a sharp contest, in which the enemy had 105 men killed and 120 wounded, and the British only 1 man killed and 10 wounded. The Southampton, after making prize of the United States’ brig Vixen of 14 guns, was eventually wrecked, on a reef of rocks, near Conception Island, 27 Nov. 1812. In May, 1813, Mr. Davies rejoined Sir Sidney Smith in the Hibernia 120, on the Mediterranean station, where he remained until the receipt of his commission 1 March, 1815. He was subsequently from 23 Aug. 1824 until 1826, employed on the Coast Blockade, as Lieut, of the Ramillies 74 and Hyperion 42, Capts. Wm. M‘Culloch and Wm. Jas. Mingaye; and, on 28 Dec. 1841, was appointed Admiralty Agent in a contract mail steam-vessel Lieut. Davies, since 7 Feb. 1843, has been officiating as Agent of the Arabian emigration transport. Agents – Messrs. Ommanney.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Davies, Hamilton

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​DAVIES. (Lieut., 1812. f-p., 19; h-p., 33.)
Hamilton Davies was born 28 Nov. 1784.
This officer entered the Navy, in July, 1795, as Yeoman of the Powder Room, on board the Heart of Oak fire-brig, Midshipman-in-command Wm. Beard, stationed off the coast of France; joined, in Feb. 1797, as Fst.-cl. Vol., the Royal Sovereign 100, bearing the flag of Sir Alan Gardner; served next, for 14 months, on board the Incendiary fire-ship, Capt. Geo. Barker, principally on the Jersey and Guernsey station; and on 20 June, 1798, was appointed Midshipman of the Virago gun-brig, Lieut.-Commander Wm. Beard, under whom we find him frequently in combat with the Algeciras flotilla, while in escort of convoys to Gibraltar. From Oct. 1798 until Sept. 1802, he afterwards served in the Spartiate 74, Capt. Hon. Chas Herbert Pierrepont, off Lisbon, Cambridge 80, flag-ship at Plymouth of Sir Thos. Pasley, and Ambuscade 36, Capt. Hon. John Colville. Under the latter officer, he appears to have often skirmished with the enemy off the coast of France, and in Samana Bay, St. Domingo. He next joined, 24 March, 1803, the Conqueror 74, Capts. Thos. Louis and Israel Pellew; and while in that ship, he accompanied Lord Nelson to the West Indies in pursuit of the combined fleets of France and Spain, in the summer of 1805, and was afterwards present in the battle of Trafalgar. On 20 Jan. 1808, while in charge of a prize, Mr. Davies, who had passed his examination in July, 1805, was unfortunately taken prisoner by the French. He was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant 20 Nov. 1812; but remained in captivity until May, 1814; since which period he has not been afloat.
Lieutenant Davies married 28 Sept. 1814; and has issue two sons and one daughter. Agents – Messrs. Ommanney.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Davies, Henry Thomas

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​DAVIES. (Captain, 1814. f-p., 17; h-p., 36.)
Henry Thomas Davies entered the Navy, 3 March, 1794, as Captain’s Servant, on board the Triton 28, Capt. John Elphinstone, lying in Portsmouth harbour; and, on soon after removing with the same officer to the Glory 98, bore a part in Lord Howe’s action of the 1st of June. He continued to serve with Capt. Elphinstone – as Midshipman and Master’s Mate of the Barfleur, Monarch, and Queen Charlotte, flag-ships of the late Lord Keith, and of the Diomede 50 – until March, 1800; during which period, while in the Monarch, he assisted at the reduction of the Cape of Good Hope in 1795, and was present at the surrender of the Dutch squadron in Saldanha Bay, 17 Aug. 1796. Mr. Davies returned home from the East Indies early in 1800, on board L’Oiseau 36, Capt. Sam. Hood Linzee; and on 24 Dec. in that year, after again serving with Capt. Elphinstone in the Hector 74, and with Lord Keith in the Foudroyant 80, was promoted to a Lieutenancy in the Winchelsea 32, Capt. John Hatley. In the course of 1801 he obtained a medal for his services in Egypt; subsequently to which we find him appointed – in Dec. of the latter year, to the Zealous 74, Capt. S. H. Linzee, whom he accompanied to the West Indies – 19 March, 1804, after 18 months of half-pay, to the Ruby 64, Capt. Chas. Rowley, employed in the North Sea and off Cadiz – 18 Jan. 1805, to the Matilda, as Flag-Lieutenant in the river Thames to Hon. Henry Edwin Stanhope – and, 6 Feb. 1806, in the capacity of First-Lieutenant, to the Blanche of 46 guns and 265 men, Capt. Thos. Lavie. For his conduct, and the strong recommendation of his commander, at the capture, 19 July following, off the Faeroe Islands, of the Guerrière French frigate, of 50 guns and 317 men, which struck her colours at the close of a warm action, in which the British lost only 4 men wounded, and the enemy 50 killed and wounded, Mr. Davies was rewarded with a Commander’s commission, dated on 28 of the same month. He assumed command, in Jan. 1809, of the Tyrian 10, on the Channel station, where he removed, 3 Aug. 1811, to the Albacore 18; and, on 18 Dec. 1812, he particularly distinguished himself by the gallantry with which, in company with two or three smaller vessels, he pursued and engaged, with a loss to the Albacore of 1 Lieutenant killed and 6 or 7 men wounded, the French 40-gun frigate La Gloire who ultimately efiected her escape. Capt. Davies attained Post-rank 19 Feb. 1814; and, from 9 June following until 10 July, 1815, further commanded the Niagara 20, and Prince Regent 56, on Lake Ontario. He accepted the Retirement 1 Oct. 1846.
His only son, the Rev. H. C. Davies, of Sydney College, Cambridge, died 5 Aug. 1836.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Davies, John George

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​DAVIES. (Retired Commander, 1845. f-p., 14; h-p., 34.)
John George Davies entered the Navy, 28 June, 1799, as Midshipman, on board, the Urchin gun-vessel, Lieut.-Commander Wm. Davies, at Gibraltar; served, from Aug. following until May, 1803, in L’Espoir 14, Capt. Jas. Sanders, and Hector 74, Capts. John Elphinstone and Wm. Skipsey, on the Mediterranean station; and subsequently joined the Prince of Wales 98, bearing the flag in the Channel of Sir Robt. Calder, and the Courageux 74, Capts. Thos. Bertie, Chas. Boyles, and Rich. Lee. After participating with the latter officer in Sir Rich. Strachan’s action, 4 Nov. 1805, he became attached for some months to the Royal William, flag-ship of Admiral Geo. Montagu, at Portsmouth, where, on 16 June, 1807, he was appointed Sub-Lieutenant of the Dapper gun-vessel. On attaining the full rank of Lieutenant in the Thrash, Capt. Chas. Webb, 7 July, 1808, Mr. Davies paid a short visit to the West Indies, and on his return home in the following Nov. he was placed on half-pay. His subsequent appointments appear to have been – in Aug. 1810, to the Princess of Orange 74, flag-ship in the Downs of Vice-Admiral Campbell – Jan. 1811, to the Freija 36, Capts. Colin Campbell and Wm. Scott, employed in the Mediterranean and off Lisbon – 21 Oct. 1812, to the Derwent 18, Capt. Geo. Manners Sutton, stationed ofiF the north coast of Spain – and 28 Oct. 1814, to the Amaranthe sloop, Capt. Rich. Augustus Yates, lying at Portsmouth. He returned to half-pay on 26 of the following month; and accepted the rank he now holds July, 1845.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Davies, John (a)

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​DAVIES. (Commander, 1816. f-p., 16; h-p., 34.)
John Davies was born 3 May, 1781.
This officer entered the Navy, 28 Sept. 1797, as A. B., on board the Sulphur 12, Capts. Jas. Keith Sheppard and John Wainwright, under whom, during the three following years, he was frequently in action with the enemy’s batteries and flotilla at Havre de Grace. From Aug. 1803 to March, 1808, he next served, in the North Sea and Baltic, on board the St. Alban’s 64, Capt. John Temple, and Dictator 64, Capts. Jas. Macnamara and Donald Campbell; and, while in the latter ship, was present at the bombardment of Copenhagen in Sept. 1807, and commanded, 9 Aug. 1808, a gun-boat, under Capt. Macnamara, at the attack and capture, previous to the embarkation from Nyeborg of the Marquis de la Romana and his army, of a Danish man-of-war brig, the Fama of 18, and her consort, the Salorman cutter of 12 guns. On leaving the Dictator, Mr. Davies rejoined the last-mentioned officer in the Edgar 74; from which ship, having passed his examination 3 Feb. 1806, he was promoted, 25 Nov. 1808, to an Acting-Lieutenancy in the Hound bomb, Capt. Nich. Lockyer. He was confirmed by the Admiralty in his new rank 2 Feb. 1809; and was subsequently appointed – 22 May following, again to the Edgar – 10 March, 1810, to the Berwick 74, Capts. J. Macnamara and Edw. Brace – 16 June, 1812, to the Thames 32, Capts. Chas. Napier and John Strutt Peyton – 26 Feb. 1814, to the Warspite 74, Capt. Lord Jas. O’Bryen – and, 25 March, 1815, and 3 July, 1816, to the Boyne 98, and Queen Charlotte 100, flag-ships of Lord Exmouth. When in the Berwick, Mr. Davies assisted in causing the destruction, near Barfleur, of the French 40-gun frigate Amazone, 25 March, 1811; and, while Senior of the Thames, he acquired, in 1813, the approbation of his commander by his conduct at the capture, in face of considerable opposition, of the island of Ponza, and cooperated with the patriots on the coast of Catalonia, where he served at the arduous reduction of the Col de Balaguer. For his exertions at the bombardment of Algiers, 27 Aug. 1816, on which occasion he commanded a gun-boat, Lieutenant Davies was advanced to his present rank, by commission dated 8 Oct. in the same year. He has since been on half-pay.
He married, 10 Oct. 1820, Maria, youngest daughter of Peter Pavin, Esq., of Milford Haven, co. Pembroke, by whom he has issue two children.
* ↑ Vide Gaz. 1813, p. 1146.
* ↑ Vide Gaz. 1816, p. 1792.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Davies, Thomas (a)

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​DAVIES. (Lieutenant, 1824.)
Thomas Davies (a) entered the Nary 22 March, 1808; obtained a commission 14 Oct. 1824; was afterwards employed on the Coast Blockade, as Supernumerary-Lieutenant of the Ramillies 74, Capt. Hugh Pigot, from 10 April, 1826, until 1829; and since the latter date has been on half-pay. Agents – Messrs. Stilwell.