OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The New International Encyclopædia/Appleton, Samuel

See also Samuel Appleton (merchant) on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​APPLETON, Samuel (1760-1853). An American merchant and philanthropist, brother of Nathan Appleton, born at New Ipswich, N. H. He passed his boyhood on a farm. In 1794 he and his brother Nathan went into the English trade in Boston, and afterwards added cotton manufacturing, in which they made a fortune. He retired from active business in 1823. and devoted his entire income to benevolent and scientific purposes, for which he bequeathed $200,000.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Washington Monument

Edition of 1905. See also Washington Monument on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ WASHINGTON MONUMENT. A huge obelisk erected in the city of Washington, having a total height of 555 feet 5⅛ inches. It is the highest masonry structure in the world. The cornerstone was laid in 1848 and work on the monument continued slowly until 1877, when it ceased, but was resumed in 1878, and finished in 1884. The Washington National Monument Society originated the plan and controlled the work of construction until 1877, when its property was conveyed to the United States. Maryland marble is the material out of which the monument was constructed. The foundation covers an area of 16,000 feet, and weighs 36,912 gross tons. The shaft is 55 feet 1.5 inches square at the bottom, 34 feet 5.5 inches square at the top, weighs 43,633 gross tons, and is 500 feet 5⅛ inches high; the apex, weighing 300 tons, is 55 feet high, its summit being nearly 600 feet above the tidewater of the Potomac. The apex is capped by an aluminum point. It has 262 marble pieces, of seven-inch thickness. Toward the cost of erection the Monument Society had expended $300,000; the total cost has been $1,187,710.31. Lieutenant-Colonel T. L. Casey, of the United States Engineers, had charge of the work of construction after its passing under the control of the United States. The original designs were by Robert Mills. An elevator and an iron stairway of 900 steps within the monument afford access to the base of the apex.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Washington University

Edition of 1905. See also Washington University in St. Louis on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY. An unsectarian institution at Saint Louis, Mo., chartered in 1853 as Eliot Seminary, in honor of Rev. William G. Eliot, of Saint Louis, in deference to whose wishes, however, the name was changed to Washington Institute. Its first educational work under the charter was the opening of an evening school for boys, the O'Fallon Polytechnic Institute. In 1857 the title of Washington University was assumed, and the first college degrees were granted in 1862. A Law School was organized in 1867, the School of Engineering and Architecture in 1870, the School of Fine Arts in 1879, and the School of Botany in 1885. The Saint Louis Medical College, founded in 1842, became a department of the university in 1891, the Missouri Dental College in 1892, and the Missouri Medical College in 1899. The university now consists of these departments, with the addition of Smith Academy, a preparatory school for boys; Mary Institute, a school for girls, organized in 1859; and the Manual Training School, organized in 1879. Students are admitted to the undergraduate department on examination or certificate from an accredited school. The college confers the degree of bachelor of arts and the School of Engineering that of bachelor of science. The professional degrees of civil, mechanical, electrical, and chemical engineer, and architect are given only after three or more years of successful practice. The master's degree in art and science and the degree of doctor of philosophy are also conferred. In 1894 a tract of land just outside the city limits was purchased as a new site for the university, and gifts made by citizens of Saint Louis made it possible to begin building at once. Ten buildings had been erected by 1902 and it was expected that the new site would be occupied in September of that year, but the leasing of the grounds and buildings to the Louisiana Purchase Exposition postponed the removal of the university until after the close of the Exposition. In 1903 the faculty numbered 196 and the student enrollment 2219; of these 241 were in the undergraduate department, 521 in the professional schools, 338 in the school of fine arts, and 1120 in the preparatory schools. The library contained 23,000 volumes. The value of the grounds and buildings was estimated in 1903 at $2,250,000, and the total value of the college property at $7,401,451. The endowment was $4,730,485, and the income $223,365.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Washington and Jefferson College

Edition of 1905. See also Washington & Jefferson College on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ WASHINGTON AND JEFFERSON COLLEGE. An institution of higher education at Washington, Pa., founded in 1787 as Washington Academy and chartered as Washington College in 1806. In 1865, to secure a conditional gift of $50,000, Washington College and the neighboring Jefferson College, founded in 1802, were united under the present name, and in 1869 the location of the consolidated institution was fixed at Washington. The college is Presbyterian in affinity, but is not under ecclesiastical control. It admits students on certificate as well as by examination. Three courses of study leading to degrees are offered—classical, Latin scientific, and French scientific. A summer school and a preparatory department with courses corresponding to those in the college are maintained. In 1903 the attendance was 360, of whom 250 were collegiate students; the instructors numbered 25; and the library contained 16,000 volumes. The endowment was $250,000, the income $40,000, and the value of the college property $1,100,000. The centennial of the college was celebrated in 1902, when gifts to the amount of $425,000 were secured, of which $50,000 was for a library building and $375,000 for endowment.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Washington and Lee University

Edition of 1905. See also Washington and Lee University on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ WASHINGTON AND LEE UNIVERSITY. An undenominational institution of learning at Lexington, Va., established as the Augusta Academy in 1749 and chartered in 1782. The first considerable amount of money received by the school was that given by George Washington, which still yields an annual income of $3000 to the university. The name was in consequence changed to Washington Academy. In 1802 the Cincinnati Society, on dissolving the organization, appropriated the residue of their funds to the institution. Gen. Robert E. Lee was made president of the college in 1865, and during an administration of five years wielded great power for good with the students. After his death the corporate name of the institution was changed in 1871 to its present title, and in the same year Gen. G. W. Custis Lee succeeded his father as president, resigning in 1897. His successor was William Lyne Wilson, former Postmaster-General of the United States, who died in 1900. The following year George Hutcheson Denny, LL.D., was elected to the vacant position. The university is divided into three schools, of Arts, Engineering, and Law, with courses leading to the degrees of B.A., B.S., and LL.B. It accepts the certificates of accredited schools in lieu of the entrance examination and offers a number of free scholarships and a university fellowship. In 1903 it had a faculty of 22; 302 students; an ​endowment of $750,000. with an income of $50,000; and property valued at $400,000, including buildings and grounds worth $250,000. The library numbered 40,000 volumes.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Washington Barracks

Edition of 1905. See also Fort Lesley J. McNair on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ WASHINGTON BARRACKS (D. C.). A United States military post, established in 1797 as Washington Arsenal. The reservation, which includes 69 acres, is situated on Greenleaf's Point in the city of Washington, which is the post-office and telegraph station. It was changed from an arsenal to an artillery-post in 1881, and quarters for 25 officers and 400 men and stables for 150 horses were provided. It has been the headquarters of the War College, of the School of Submarine Mining, and of Engineers since 1900.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Washington Elm

Edition of 1905. See also Washington Elm on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ WASHINGTON ELM. A venerable elm near the northwest angle of the common in Cambridge, Mass., under which Washington is said to have assumed command of the American Army on July 3, 1775. The tree, though carefully protected, is in an advanced state of decay and retains only a part of its former proportions.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Washington (Pennsylvania)

Edition of 1905. See also Washington, Pennsylvania on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ WASHINGTON. The county-seat of Washington County, Pa., 25 miles southwest of Pittsburg, on the Pittsburg, Cincinnati, Chicago and Saint Louis, the Baltimore and Ohio, and other railroads (Map: Pennsylvania, A 3). It is the seat of Washington and Jefferson College (q.v.) and of Washington Female Seminary and Trinity Hall. The Citizens' Library has 6000 volumes. There are also the Washington County Law Library and that of the Young Men's Christian Association. Washington is of considerable commercial and industrial importance, being situated in a section known for its oil wells and deposits of coal and limestone. The leading manufactures are flour, carriages, tin, brick, steel, car springs, foundry and machine-shop products, and glass. Originally called Bassettown, Washington received its present name in 1784. It was incorporated as a township in 1810, and was chartered as a borough in 1852. Population, in 1890, 7063; in 1900, 7670.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Washington Agricultural College and School of Science

Edition of 1905. See also Washington State University College of Agricultural, Human, and Natural Resource Sciences on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ WASHINGTON AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE AND SCHOOL OF SCIENCE. A co-educational State institution at Pullman, Wash., established in 1890 on the national land grant act. It offers partially elective courses in the departments of mathematics and civil engineering, chemistry, botany and zoölogy, agriculture, horticulture, English, economic science and history, mechanical engineering, modern languages, mining engineering, and military science and tactics, with supplementary courses in physics, geology, and mineralogy, Latin, and education. In addition, special instruction is provided in the schools of agriculture, dairying, pharmacy, veterinary science, and business, the school for artisans, and the preparatory school. Provision is also made for graduate instruction. The endowment consists of 190,000 acres of land, none of which has as yet been converted into funds, $25,000 annually from the Morrill Fund, $15,000 from the Hatch Fund, and State appropriations amounting for 1903-04 to $158,000. It had in 1903 a total attendance of 761, when its faculty numbered 59, and its library contained 5000 books and 2000 documents. The buildings and grounds were valued at $260,500 and the college property at $340,000. The gross income for 1902 was $115,000.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Washington Court House

Edition of 1905. See also Washington Court House, Ohio on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ WASHINGTON COURT HOUSE. The county-seat of Fayette County, Ohio, 40 miles southwest of Columbus, on Paint Creek, and on the Cincinnati, Hamilton and Dayton, the Baltimore and Ohio, the Ohio Southern, and the Cincinnati and Muskingum Valley railroads (Map: Ohio, C 6). It is in a productive farming country, and manufactures boots and shoes, flour, soap, woolen goods, lumber, etc. Poultry-packing is also an important industry. Population, in 1890, 5742; in 1900, 5751.
# The Martyrdom of Ferrer

Francesc Ferrer i Guàrdia was a Spanish-Catalan anarchist summarily executed by firing squad after the declaration of martial law in 1909.
THE MARTYRDOM OF FERRER
BEING A
TRUE ACCOUNT OF HIS LIFE AND WORK
BY
JOSEPH McCABE,
AUTHOR OF "THE DECAY OF THE CHURCH OF ROME," "LIFE OF GEORGE JACOB HOLYOAKE," ETC., ETC.
[ISSUED FOR THE RATIONALIST PRESS ASSOCIATION, LIMITED]
London:
WATTS & ,
17, JOHNSON'S COURT, FLEET STREET, E.C.
CONTENTS :
| CHAPTER | | PAGE |
| | INTRODUCTION | 5 |
| I.— | THE LIFE AND AIMS OF FERRER | 11 |
| II.— | THE CHURCH IN SPAIN | 23 |
| III.— | THE POLITICAL SYSTEM OF SPAIN | 34 |
| IV.— | THE MODERN SCHOOLS | 44 |
| V.— | THE REPLY OF CORRUPTION | 56 |
| VI.— | THE INDICTMENT OF FERRER | 69 |
| VII.— | THE DEATH OF FERRER—AND THE ECHO | 83 |
Francesco Ferrer,
MARTYR IN THE CAUSE OF SECULAR EDUCATION,
BORN JANUARY 10, 1859; MURDERED OCTOBER 13, 1909.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
The longest-living author of this work died in 1955, so this work is in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 68 years or less. This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The Martyr of the Suburbs

Extracted from the Smart Set magazine, 1905, p. 157
THE MARTYR OF THE SUBURBS
By Gelett Burgess
WHEN Maysie comes to town, there's always something doing;
'Twould take a dozen men to tell it all— A little bit of shopping and a little bit of wooing,
A dinner and a supper and a call.
The neighbors in New Jersey call her innocent and prim,
They laugh at her, to every counry clown;
Her ways are of the oddest, but her manners always modest— It's different when Maysie comes to town.
When Maysie comes to town, she telegraphs to Willie;
He meets her at the ferry with a cab.
Their actions and their persiflage you might consider silly,
But no one in New York is keeping tab.
The neighbors in New Jersey think she never was in love,
She's timid, and she wears a quiet gown;
Her ways are all discreetness and her smile is simple sweetness— It's afferent when Maysie comes to town.
When Maysie comes to town, she telephones to Harry
To meet her after Willie's disappeared;
She gracefully eludes his importunities to marry.
She drinks a dry Martini, and is cheered.
The neighbors in New Jersey see no men who come to call,
(Though the postman stops at Maysie's with a frown).
Poor Maysie's "literary"; she's considered sober, very— It's different when Maysie comes to town.
When Maysie comes to town, she has to call on Walter;
His studio's a cozy place for tea;
She has a cigarette or two, and Maysie doesn't falter
At just a friendly kiss or two—or three.
The neighbors in New Jersey think her quite too shy for men,
In passing them she casts her lashes down;
She goes alone to lectures and awakens no conjectures— It's different when Maysie comes to town.
When Maysie comes to town, the hansom-drivers hail her.
The waiters always know her and are kind;
When Maysie leaves the city then a dozen men bewail her,
But Maysie'll come again, so never mind! The neighbors in New Jersey, when she reappears, sedate.
Can see no sign in Maysie's eyes of brown;
She goes to song recitals and has books with learned titles— It's different when Maysie comes to town!
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
The longest-living author of this work died in 1951, so this work is in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 72 years or less. This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The New International Encyclopædia/Butte

Edition of 1905. See also Butte on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ BUTTE, būt (Fr., mound, hillock, elevation; cf. Engl. butt). A hill or knoll rising abruptly above the surrounding level. Buttes abound in the Rocky Mountain region. Often the name is applied to high mountains, as the Downieville Buttes, Sierra County, Cal., which are over 8500 feet.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Busento

Edition of 1905. See also Busento on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
BUSENTO, bōō-sĕn'tṓ (anciently, Lat. Bucentius). A small stream in South Italy, which flows into the Crati at Cosenza (q.v.), and in the bed of which Alaric (q.v.) is said to have been buried, the stream having been temporarily turned aside from its channel in order to provide a secret grave.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Butt, Isaac

Edition of 1905. See also Isaac Butt on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ BUTT, Isaac (1813-79). An Irish politician. He graduated at Trinity College, Dublin, in 1835; was professor of political economy there from 1830 to 1841, and became a member of the Irish bar. He was one of the counsel for Smith O'Brien and others tried in 1848 for treason, and also for the Fenians tried in 1865. In 1852 he was chosen to Parliament from Youghal as a Liberal Conservative; and in 1871 was returned from Limerick, and was for many years leader of the Home Rule Party. He was one of the projectors of the Dublin University Magazine, of which he was editor from 1834 to 1838. Among his published works are a History of Italy (1860) and The Problem of Irish Education (1875).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Buschmann, Johann Karl Eduard

Edition of 1905. See also Johann Karl Eduard Buschmann on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
BUSCHMANN, bụsh'mȧn, Johann Karl Eduard (1805-80). A German philologist, born at Magdeburg. He studied at the universities of Berlin and Göttingen, and collaborated with the brothers von Humboldt in the preparation of their works, particularly with Alexander in the Kosmos (1845-58). His researches in comparative philology were very important. They were directed chiefly toward the dialects of Malaysia and Polynesia and those of Central and Northwestern America. Many of the results of this work are to be found in the Kawisprache auf der Insel Java (3 vols., 1836-39) of W. von Humboldt, which, after Humboldt's death, Buschmann completed and edited for the press. His own publications include Aperçu de la langue des Iles Marquises et de la langue taïtienne (1843); Ueber die aztekischen Ortsnamen (1853); Die Spuren der aztekischen Sprache im nördlichen Mexiko (1859); and Grammatik der sonorischen Sprachen (3 parts, 1864-69).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Bushbuck

Edition of 1905. See also Bushbuck on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
BUSHBUCK (Dutch boschbok, bush-goat). A sportsman's name for several African antelopes frequenting bushy regions, especially two groups: (1) The genus Tragelaphus, otherwise known as ‘harnessed’ antelopes because of the often conspicuous vertical whitish stripes that characterize all except the most familiar bushbuck of South Africa, Tragelaphus sylvaticus (See colored Plate of Antelopes), which is also one of the smallest. These are among the handsomest of all antelopes in form and richness of color (which differs in the sexes), and they have been nearly exterminated by sportsmen south of the lake region. Another, the guib (Tragelaphus scriptus), is not larger than a goat, but the bongo of the equatorial west coast is 3 feet 7 inches tall; the nakong (Tragelaphus Spekei) is large and plain in color, and has a mane. (Compare Koodoo. ) A very complete account of these antelopes was given by R. Crawshaw in the Proceedings of the Zoölogical Society of London, 1890. He says they are remarkably quick of hearing, and have an exceedingly loud and far-resounding bark. Leopards are their natural enemy, but in some regions they enjoy immunity from harm by men. “They are almost sure to be found in the native burial-places, which are grown up to thickets and avoided as ghost-haunted. . . . This fact has caused bushbucks to be regarded by many Nyassa natives as uncanny, and some natives will not eat their meat and do not like even to touch the skin.” (2) The genus Cephalolophus. See Duiker.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Butte (Montana)

Edition of 1905. See also Butte, Montana on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ BUTTE. A city and county-seat of Silverbow County, Mont., on the western slope of a range of the Rocky Mountains, and on the Oregon Short Line, the Northern Pacific, the Great Northern, and the Montana Union (owned by the Northern Pacific) railroads (Map: Montana, C 2). It has a healthful location at an altitude of 5800 feet, is the seat of the State School of Mines, and contains a fine public fountain, a public library of about 30,000 volumes, a private academy, and, among the more notable buildings, the jail and court-house, the high school, completed at a cost of $125,000, city hall, and opera house. The famous Anaconda Copper and Silver Mine is located here, and within a radius of a few miles are many other productive gold, silver, and copper deposits, the industries of the city centring almost entirely in the mines. In copper, the production of Butte is placed at about one-half of the entire output of the United States, and the amount of gold and silver mined is also considerable, the value of the annual production of these three minerals being estimated at nearly $50,000,000. Besides the mines, there are immense mills and smelting-works. The government is vested in a mayor, biennially elected, and a city council. Butte spends annually in maintenance and operation over $500,000 (including amounts for the school district extending beyond the municipal limits); the principal items of expenditure being about $190,000 for schools, the district, as above stated, comprising more than the city limits, $60,000 for the fire department, $55,000 for the police department, $40,000 for street cleaning and sprinkling, and $20,000 for municipal lighting. Butte was settled in 1864, and laid out in 1866, but its prosperity dates from the successful operations in quartz mining in 1875. It was incorporated first in 1879 by an act of the Territorial Legislature, and in 1888 was reincorporated. In 1881, upon the creation of the county, Butte was chosen the county-seat. Population, in 1870, about 350; in 1880, 3363; in 1890, 10,723; in 1900, 30,470.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Busche, Hermann von dem

Edition of 1905. See also Hermann von dem Busche on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
BUSCHE, bụ'she, Hermann von dem (1468-1534). A German scholar, born at Sassenberg, in Westphalia. He studied at Heidelberg, at Tübingen, and in Italy, where he became versed in Latin, and after his return to Germany traveled about from one university centre to another, lecturing on the classic literature and antiquities. He is said to have written some of the Epistolæ Obscurorum Virorum. At all events, he joined the leaders of the Reformation, was a friend of Ulrich von Hutten, and in 1527 was appointed first professor of classical literature at the University of Marburg, founded in that year by Landgrave Philip the Magnanimous. He wrote three books of epigrams, a defense of humanistic studies entitled Vallum Humanitatis (1518), and other works. Consult Liessem, Hermann von dem Busche, sein Leben und seine Schriften (Cologne, 1884-89), which contains a bibliography.