OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/M'Carthy, Charles

Date of birth 1764 in the ODNB.
​M'CARTHY, Sir CHARLES (1770?–1824), governor of Sierra Leone, one of the ancient Irish sept of the name, was second son of John Gabriel MacCarthy (born in 1737, and living in 1812), and great-grandson of Michael MacCarthy, who went to France with James II (and died at Caen in 1744, aged 71). An uncle, Charles Thaddeus François MacCarthy, knight of St. Louis, was an officer of the guards of Louis XV, and afterwards a captain of British foot; and many other members of the family were in the French army. When the Irish brigade, formerly in the service of France, was reorganised in British pay, after the revolution, M'Carthy was appointed (1 Oct. 1794) ensign in the regiment of James Henry, count Conway, afterwards called the 5th regiment of the Irish brigade, with which he served in the West Indies, becoming lieutenant in it 31 Dec. 1795, and captain 1 Oct. 1796. In 1800 he was appointed captain 52nd foot, and 14 April 1804 major in the New Brunswick fencibles, afterwards the old 104th foot (disbanded in 1816), of which fine body of backwoodsmen he was several years in personal command. On 30 May 1811 he was promoted to be lieutenant-colonel royal African corps, and the year after was made governor of Sierra Leone. When Cape Coast Castle was taken out of the hands of the African Company [see under Bowdich, Thomas Edward, 1790–1824], M'Carthy was sent to assume the government there as well. On 22 Nov. 1820 he was knighted, and in 1821 attained the rank of colonel. About Christmas 1823, M'Carthy received tidings that the Ashantees, incensed at the protection afforded to the Fantees, were moving down in force against Cape Coast. After arranging for a defence of the settlement by native auxiliaries, M'Carthy started on 10 Jan. 1824, with a small advanced force, consisting of a company of the royal Africans, and some colonial militia and volunteers. The little force, exhausted with marching in the heavy rains, and having expended its ammunition, was routed by an overwhelming force of Ashantees on 21 Jan. 1824; M'Carthy was mortally wounded, and his head taken as a war-trophy by the Ashantees. His efforts to advance the cause of Christianity and civilisation in Africa increased the regret generally felt for his tragic end. M'Carthy's elder brother was born in 1765, and was a captain in the Irish brigade in the French service. He died unmarried, and was buried at Liège in 1793. A sister married Charles François, count Fontaine de Morvé, and died without issue.
[Carewe MSS. 626, 4, in Lambeth Palace library, and continuation of Pedigree by Sir William Betham; Bishop Daniel MacCarthy's Pedigree of the Sliochd Feidhlimidh (Exeter, 1880?); Bouillon's Correspondence relating to French Émigré Officers, in Home Office Records; London Gazettes and Army Lists, under dates; Ann. Reg. 1824, pp. 124–36; Rickett's Hist. of the Ashantee War, Lond. 1831; Gent. Mag. 1824, ii. 277.]
H. M. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/M'Diarmid, John

​M'DIARMID, JOHN (1790–1852), Scottish journalist, born in 1790 at Glasgow, was son of the minister of the Gaelic Church there. After some education, mainly in Edinburgh, he became, at an early age, owing to his father's death, a clerk in the Edinburgh counting-house, whence he passed into the head office of the Commercial Bank, Edinburgh, remaining there till 1817. He devoted his leisure to study, attending several classes in the university, and for two years occupying his evenings as amanuensis to Professor Playfair, who gave him access to his classes and his library. He was a distinguished member of a college debating society, and of the Edinburgh Forum, a club that helped to train many good speakers, and he wrote some clever verses. He formed friendships with Scott, Wilson, Hogg, and Jeffrey—for whom he is said to have done some work in the 'Edinburgh Review.' On 25 Jan. 1817 he joined Charles Maclaren [q. v.] and William Ritchie in preparing the first number of the 'Scotsman' newspaper, and in the same month he removed to Dumfries to become editor of the 'Dumfries and Galloway Courier.'
M'Diarmid made himself familiar with the district in which his paper circulated, and became an authority on agriculture, besides writing for his columns descriptive sketches of his journeys. In 1820 he declined the editorship of the 'Caledonian Mercury' in Edinburgh, receiving at the same time an interest in the property of the 'Courier,' of which he became owner in 1837. An advocate of liberal measures, he specially interested himself in the poor. When in September 1832 Dumfries suffered heavily from cholera, M'Diarmid's appeal for a relief fund brought in 2,900l., which he skilfully distributed. He was the trusted adviser of Burns's widow in her latter days. He died of erysipelas at Dumfries, 18 Nov. 1862. His wife, Anne M'Knight of Dumfries, whom he married in 1819, predeceased him in 1850.
In 1817 M'Diarmid published Cowper's 'Poems,' with a Life, which went through several editions. In 1820 appeared the first volume of his 'Scrap Book,' consisting of selections and original contributions. A second series speedily followed, and both have been frequently reprinted. In 1823 he published the 'Vicar of Wakefield,' with memoir of Goldsmith. In 1825 he started the 'Dumfries Magazine,' which existed three years. In 1830 he reprinted 'Sketches from Nature' from the 'Courier,' and in 1832 he contributed to an 'Illustrated Picture of Dumfries' an account of the town and district. He also wrote a description of Moffat, ​and a life of William Nicholson (1782-1849) [q. v.] the Galloway poet.
[Dumfries and Galloway Courier, 30 Nov. and 7 Dec. 1852; Chambers's Eminent Scotsmen; Irving's Dict. of Eminent Scotsmen.]
T. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hare, Henry (1636-1708)

1904 Errata appended.
​HARE, HENRY, second Lord Coleraine (1636–1708), antiquary, baptised at Totteridge, Hertfordshire, 21 April 1636, was the eldest surviving son of Hugh Hare [q. v.], first lord Coleraine, by his wife Lucy, second daughter of the first marriage of Henry Montagu, first Earl of Manchester. He resided at Tottenham, Middlesex, and became much attached to the place. In 1696 he built 'with great expence and difficulty' a vestry at the east end of the north aisle of the parish church, and underneath a vault for his family. He also left in manuscript an account of Tottenham, which treats chiefly of the parochial charities. Richard Rawlinson purchased it from Thomas Osborne, the bookseller, and showed it to the Society of Antiquaries in 1755. It is now in the Bodleian Library. Richard Gough had a transcript taken for insertion in the appendix to Oldfield and Dyson's 'History and Antiquities of the Parish of Tottenham High-Cross,' 12mo, London, 1790. Its authorship is there attributed to Coleraine's grandson Henry, the third lord [q. v.], but without good reason. Coleraine corresponded with Dr. John Woodward on antiquarian subjects (see his two letters in Nichols, Lit. Anecd. ix. 762). He was buried at Tottenham on 15 July 1708. He was married three times, first to Constantia (d. 1680), daughter of Sir Richard Lucy, bart., of Broxbourne, Hertfordshire, by* whom he had Hugh (1668-1707) [q. v.], and other children ; secondly to Sarah, duchess dowager of Somerset (d. 1692) (Chester, Westminster Abbey Registers, p. 230) ; and thirdly, in 1696, to Elizabeth Portman (d. 1732), widow of Robert Reade of Cheshunt, Hertfordshire (Chester, London Marriage Licenses, ed. Foster).
His portrait, a half-length, representing him standing at a table holding a coronet, was jointly engraved by Faithorne and ​Vertue; there is also a print by Collins of his first wife, Constantia, taken after his own design.
[Oldfield and Dyson's Tottenham; Nichols's Lit. Anecd. v. 348, 699; Lysons's Environs, iii. 531-2, 550, 551, 554,556; Granger's Biog. Hist. 2nd ed. iii. 229-30, iv. 195; Gough's Brit. Topography, i. 542, 567*; Gent. Mag. ii. 586; Luttrell's Hist. Rel. of State Affairs, 1857, ii. 602, vi. 325; will of Henry, Lord Coleraine, P. C. C. 184, Barrett; will of Elizabeth, Lady Coleraine, P. C. C. 34, Bedford; Evans's Cat. of Engraved Portraits, i. 75, 158.]
G. G.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.147 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 366 | ii | 6 f.e. | Hare, Henry, 2nd Lord Coleraine: for Portman read Potman |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hare, Hugh (1668-1707)

​HARE, HUGH (1668–1707), translator, baptised at Totteridge, Hertfordshire, 2 July 1668, was the eldest surviving son of Henry Hare, second lord Coleraine [q. v.], by his first wife, Constantia, daughter of Sir Richard Lucy, bart., of Broxbourne, Hertfordshire. He lived at East Betchworth, Surrey. On being appointed chairman of the general quarter sessions for Surrey, held at Dorking, 5 April 1692, he delivered a 'religious, learned, and loyal' charge, which he published by request (4to, London, 1692; 2nd edit. 1696). From the Italian of Agostino Mascardi he translated 'An Historical Relation of the Conspiracy of John Lewis Count de Fieschi, against the City and Republick of Genoua in the year 1547,' 12mo, London, 1693. He was also one of 'several eminent hands ' who helped in the translation of the 'Works of Lucian,' 4 vols. 8vo, London, 1711-10, to which is prefixed a ' Life ' by Dryden. Hare was buried at Tottenham, 1 March 1706-7. By his wife Lydia, daughter of Matthew Carlton of Edmonton, Middlesex, who died before him and was also buried at Tottenham, he had a son Henry (1693-1749) [q. v.], afterwards the third lord Colerairie, and other issue.
[Will registered in P. C. C. 87, Poley; Brit. Mus. Cat.; authorities cited under Hare, Hugh, first Lord Coleraine.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Gilbert of Hoyland

​GILBERT of Hoyland (d. 1172), theological writer, has been the subject of much confusion with other Gilberts, and especially with his contemporary Gilbert the Great or the Theologian (d. 1167?) [q. v.], who was likewise an Englishman and a Cistercian. Gilbert of Hoyland was a disciple and friend of St. Bernard of Clairvaux, by whom he was admitted to the Cistercian order; in 1163 he became abbot of Swineshead in Holland in Lincolnshire, of which district he was probably a native. The supposition of some writers that he was a Scotsman, and of Mabillon that he was Irish, seems to have no further foundation than an idea that Hoyland meant Holy Island. According to the chronicle of Clairvaux, Gilbert died at the monastery of Rivour in the diocese of Troyes in 1172 (Migne, clxxxv. 1248). His name day is given as 25 May (Menologium Cisterciense, p. 172). We know nothing further as to his life, but in his thirteenth sermon he condemns the rival popes Victor and Alexander, though without mentioning any names; and in the forty-first he refers to Ælred, abbot of Rievaulx [see Ethelred, 1109?–1166], as lately dead, which fixes the date of this discourse at 1166. His forty-eight sermons on the Cantica Canticorum, chapters 4–5, are in continuation and imitation of those of St. Bernard, than whom, says Mabillon, he has scarcely less elevation. These sermons are printed in Mabillon's edition of St. Bernard's ‘Works,’ vol. ii., and in Migne's ‘Patrologia,’ clxxxiv., together with seven ‘Tractatus Ascetici’ in the form of epistles, four epistles and a sermon ‘De Semine verbi Dei.’ The sermons were printed separately at Florence 1485, Strasburg 1487, and Antwerp 1576. Bale and Pits also assign to Gilbert of Hoyland commentaries on the Epistles of St. Paul, the Psalms, St. Matthew (Gilbertus Abbas in Bodl. MS. 87), and the Apocalypse; ‘Sententiæ Theologicæ; De Statu Animæ;’ ‘De Casu Diaboli.’ These are, however, of doubtful authority. According to Oudin (ii. 1484) the commentaries should be assigned to Gilbert of Poitiers. The ascription to Gilbert of Hoyland of a share in the life of St. Bernard is also incorrect.
C. L. K.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Gilbert of Moray

​GILBERT of Moray (d. 1245), bishop of Caithness, and the last Scotsman enrolled in the Kalendar of Saints, was a member of the noble family of Moray, and son of William, lord of Duffus and Strabrook, who had vast estates in the north. Fordun (bk. viii. ch. xxvi.), in his account of the council of Northampton in 1176, gives at length the speech of a young canon named Gilbert, who defended with great eloquence the rights of the church of Scotland. It has been sought by Bower, Spotiswood, and others to identify this Gilbert with the bishop of Caithness; but it is absurd to suppose that if, as they say, he thus made a brilliant reputation, he would have waited nearly half a century for a bishopric. After a good religious and secular education, Gilbert became archdeacon of Moray, in which capacity his name occurs in several charters dated between 1203 and 1221 (given with facsimiles in Registrum de Moravia). He was elected bishop of Caithness by the assent of all the clergy and people in 1223. It does not appear that he was ever, as has been asserted, chamberlain of Scotland, for he is never mentioned with that title in the charters which he granted or witnessed, nor does any chamberlain named Gilbert appear in any authentic document till long after St. Gilbert's death. Probably, however, he administered the property of the crown in the north, and was employed in the guardianship and repair of castles. Through the position which he thus held and through the influence of his family he was able to play a great part in civilising his province, winning popularity where his two predecessors had both been murdered. He built the cathedral of Dornoch at his own cost, and drew up for its chapter a constitution, preserved in the records of his bishopric. According to Dempster (vii. 663) he wrote ‘Exhortationes ad ecclesiam suam,’ and ‘De libertate Scotiæ.’ He died on 1 April 1245; he was soon afterwards canonised, and was held in great reverence till the Reformation.
C. L. K.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Gilbert of Louth

​GILBERT of Louth (d. 1153?), abbot of Basingwerk, was sent by Gervase, founder and first abbot of Louth in Lincolnshire, about 1140 to an Irish king (M. Paris says to King Stephen, but it is clear from Henry of Saltrey that the king was an Irish one) in order to obtain a grant to build a monastery in Ireland. The grant was made, and on Gilbert complaining that he did not understand the language, the king gave him as an interpreter the knight Owen, who, according to the legend, had descended into purgatory. From Owen, Gilbert received an account of his vision, which he in his turn imparted to Henry of Saltrey, who wrote it down in the ‘Purgatorium S. Patricii’ (printed in Colgan and in Migne, vol. clxxx. col. 989). One manuscript (Vatican Barberini 270, ff. 1–25) has the title ‘Purgatorium Sancti Patricii curante Gilberto Monacho Ludensi post Abbate de Basingwerek in Anglia.’ There seems to be no other authority for making Gilbert the author of the ‘Purgatorium.’ Gilbert after spending some years in Ireland returned to England, became abbot of Basingwerk in Flintshire, and died about 1153 (Saltrey ap. Colgan, Acta Sanctorum, ii. 279).
C. L. K.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hodder, James

​HODDER, JAMES (fl. 1661), arithmetician, was a writing-master, with a school in Tokenhouse Yard in Lothbury, in 1661. After the fire of 1666, he removed to Bromley-by-Bow, where he kept a boarding-school, but subsequently returned to Lothbury. He was first known as the author of ‘Hodder's Arithmetick,’ a popular manual upon which Cocker based his better known work. The two books are for the most part identical. Cocker's chief improvement is the new mode of division which Hodder did not give. The work (dedicated to Josias Dewye, merchant, of London) was first published in 1661. A third edition is dated 1664, a ninth 1672, a thirteenth 1681, a fifteenth in 1685; other editions are dated 1693, 1697, 1702, and 1739, the last being the twenty-seventh edition. All contain a portrait with verses beneath it. In the early editions it is engraved by Gaywood and in the later by Van Hove. The edition of 1685 is ‘amended’ by Henry Mose, Hodder's friend and successor, who kept a school in Sherborne Lane, Lombard Street. Hodder was also the author of ‘The Penman's Recreation, containing sundry examples of faire writing,’ London (without date), dedicated to Sir Walter Earle, and dated in the Brit. Mus. Cat. ‘1661?’ The specimens are engraved by Edward Cocker [q. v.], with whom, it is plain, Hodder was friendly. Hodder's third work, ‘Decimal Arithmetick, or a Plain and most Methodical way of Teaching the said Art,’ appeared with Gaywood's portrait in 1668, and was dedicated to George Perryer, scrivener, of Lothbury Street.
[De Morgan's Arithmetic Books, 1847; Granger's Biog. Hist. of England; Brit. Mus. Cat.]
G. J. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hodge, Arthur

​HODGE, ARTHUR (d. 1811), West Indian planter, settled about 1792 in Tortola, the chief of the Virgin Islands in the West Indies. He occupied the estate of Bellevue, in the eastern part of the island. Though a man of quarrelsome character, he rose to be a member of council for the dependency of the Virgin Islands. In 1803 the negroes on his estate numbered 140, but in 1811 they numbered only thirty-five, and the diminution was attributed to Hodge's cruelties. Early in 1811 a free negro woman named Perreen Georges deposed before three justices of the peace for Tortola that from 1805 to 1807 she had been in occasional employment at Bellevue. During that period, she declared, three negroes named Tom Boiler, Prosper, and Cuffy had been flogged at Hodge's orders with such severity that they all died within a few days of their punishment. Two female slaves named Margaret and Else, accused, for no reason it seems, of trying to poison Hodge's children, had been murdered by having boiling water forced down their throats. Lastly, a child named Samson had been flayed alive by being dipped in a cauldron of scalding water. Astonished at this catalogue of horrors, the justices summoned before them one Stephen M'Keough, formerly overseer on Hodge's plantation, then resident in the Danish island of St. Croix. M'Keough not only corroborated Perreen's statements, but brought forward numerous additional charges of gross cruelty. The justices arrested and prosecuted Hodge on a charge of murder. Five distinct counts were stated in the indictment. The case of the negro Prosper was proceeded with first. The trial began on 29 April before a special court of oyer and terminer and gaol delivery, presided over by Mr. Hetherington. Perreen Georges and m'Keough gave evidence showing that Prosper, having been accused of pulling a mango from a tree, and being unable to find the six shillings which Hodge demanded as compensation, had been laid down and cart-whipped for the space of one hour; that the next day he had been tied to a tree and flogged ‘at short quarters,’ i.e. with a short-looped lash, till he fainted; that he had then been chained up with two other negroes; and that, while his comrades managed to escape, he himself crawled into a hut, where he died unattended. M'Keough declared that sometimes three or four negroes died in a single night. Among corroborative witnesses was Mrs. Rawbone, Hodge's sister. The defence tried in vain to discredit the witnesses, and appealed to the jury in the name of Hodge's young family. The jury brought in a verdict of guilty, and Hodge was sentenced to death. He spent the last days of his life in religious exercises, and suffered the extreme penalty of the law on 8 May 1811.
[Gent. Mag. 1811, pt. ii. 79; The Trial of Arthur Hodge … for the Murder of his Negro Slave named Prosper, stenographically taken by A. M. Belisario, 1811.]
G. P. M-y.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hodges, William (1645?-1714)

The ODNB states that he is wrongly identified as the William Hodges of the pamphlets.
​HODGES, Sir WILLIAM (1645?–1714), London merchant and writer, descended from a Middlesex family, was born about 1645. On 6 June 1611 a complaint was preferred by the citizens of Chester against a William Hodges, merchant, of London, who was perhaps Sir William's father (Harl. MS. 2105, p. 379). Hodges rapidly acquired a large fortune from the Spanish trade, and was in partnership at Cadiz with Christopher Hague, Ellis Terrell, and the Hon. Henry Bertie (see will). On one occasion he accepted a bill for 300,000l., and paid it for the use of the English fleet under the command of Admiral Russell, afterwards Earl of Orford (Malcolm, Londinium Redivivum, iv. 603). The records of his financial dealings with the government date from 4 Aug. 1697 (Cal. of Treasury Papers, 1697–1701–2 passim, 1702–7 p. 301, cf. pp. 227, 255). Hodges was created a baronet on 31 March 1697. He died on 31 July 1714, and was buried on 6 Aug. at St. Katherine Coleman in Fenchurch Street. Malcolm describes his funeral, which was of unusual grandeur, forty-two noblemen's coaches following the procession (Lond. Red. iv. 603). His will, dated 13 July 1714, was proved in the P.C.C. [Aston, 139]. Hodges resided in 1681 in Mincing Lane, and at the time of his death had a house in Winchester Street, near Austin Friars. He married in 1681 (licence dated 25 April) Sarah, daughter and coheiress of Joseph Hall, merchant, of London and Hampstead, when his age was stated as ‘about thirty-six’ (Harl. Soc. xxx.; Marriage Allega​tions, p. 60). He had an only son, Joseph, who succeeded to the baronetcy, but wasted his estate, and died unmarried in 1722, when the title became extinct (Burke, Extinct Baronetcies, 2nd edit. p. 266). Lady Hodges died in 1717.
Hodges is doubtless the author of the following pamphlets pleading for the relief of British seamen from extortion:
* ‘An humble Representation of the Seamen's Misery’ [London, 1694], fol.
* ‘Great Britain's Groans; or an account of the oppression … of the … seamen of England,’ London, 1695, 4to.
* ‘Humble Proposals for the Relief … of the Seamen of England,’ 1695, 4to.
* ‘The Groans of the Poor … for the spoiling of our money,’ London, 1696, 4to.
* ‘Ruin to Ruin … being the distressed state of the seamen of England,’ London, 1699, 4to.
[Le Neve, Monumenta Anglicana, v. 290; Brit. Mus. Cat.; authorities above quoted.]
C. W-h.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hodges, Edward (1796-1867)

​HODGES, EDWARD (1796–1867), organist and composer, born at Bristol in 1796, was organist at Clifton Church, and subsequently of the two churches, St. James and St. Nicholas, both at Bristol. In 1825 he proceeded to the degree of doctor of music from Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge, and in 1838 he went with his family to America. At New York Hodges was appointed organist to St. John's episcopal chapel, and in 1846 to Trinity Church, opened on 21 May with an organ built from his specifications (Grove). Prostrated by illness he resigned his appointments and returned in 1863 to England. He died at Clifton 1 Sept. 1867.
Hodges composed a morning and evening service and two anthems for the reopening of St. James's organ, Bristol, 2 May 1824, and published them in the following year. A second edition of the evening service, in C, was published at New York in 1863. Hodges also published: 1. ‘An Apology for Church Music and Musical Festivals, in answer to the animadversions of the “Standard” and the “Record,”’ pp. 71, Bristol, 1834. 2. ‘Canticles of the Church,’ compiled New York, 1864. 3. ‘The Te Deum, with Kyrie Chant and Ter Sanctus, in D,’ published after the composer's death by his daughter, London, 1885. 4. According to Grove's ‘Dictionary,’ i. 741, Hodges's ‘Essay on the Cultivation of Church Music,’ was published at New York, 1841. The ‘Trinity Collection of Church Music,’ edited by Tucker, Boston, 1864, contains some psalm and hymn tunes and arrangements by Hodges.
[Romilly's Grad. Cant. p. 192; Clifton Chronicle for 4 Sept. 1867.]
L. M. M.