# Richard II (1921) Yale/Text/Act IV

Notes originally placed at the bottom of each page appear below, following Act IV. Where these notes gloss a word in the text, the gloss can also be found by hovering over the text.
Where these notes refer to an end note (cf. n. = confer notam; "consult note"), a link to the accompanying end note is provided from the Footnotes section. The end notes accompanying Act IV begin on page 117 of the original volume.
Layout 2
ACT FOURTH
Scene One
[Westminster Hall]
Boling. Call forth Bagot. Now, Bagot, freely speak thy mind; What thou dost know of noble Gloucester's death, Who wrought it with the king, and who perform'd 4 The bloody office of his timeless end.
Bagot. Then set before my face the Lord Aumerle.
Boling. Cousin, stand forth, and look upon that man.
Bagot. My lord Aumerle, I know your daring tongue 8 Scorns to unsay what once it hath deliver'd. In that dead time when Gloucester's death was plotted, ​I heard you say, 'Is not my arm of length, That reacheth from the restful English court 12 As far as Calais, to my uncle's head?' Amongst much other talk, that very time, I heard you say that you had rather refuse The offer of a hundred thousand crowns 16 Than Bolingbroke's return to England; Adding withal, how blest this land would be In this your cousin's death.
Aum. Princes and noble lords, What answer shall I make to this base man? 20 Shall I so much dishonour my fair stars, On equal terms to give him chastisement? Either I must, or have mine honour soil'd With the attainder of his slanderous lips. 24 There is my gage, the manual seal of death, That marks thee out for hell: I say thou liest, And will maintain what thou hast said is false In thy heart-blood, though being all too base 28 To stain the temper of my knightly sword.
Boling. Bagot, forbear; thou shalt not take it up.
Aum. Excepting one, I would he were the best In all this presence that hath mov'd me so. 32
Fitz. If that thy valour stand on sympathy, There is my gage, Aumerle, in gage to thine: By that fair sun which shows me where thou stand'st, I heard thee say, and vauntingly thou spak'st it, 36 That thou wert cause of noble Gloucester's death. If thou deny'st it twenty times, thou liest; And I will turn thy falsehood to thy heart, Where it was forged, with my rapier's point. 40
​Aum. Thou dar'st not, coward, live to see that day.
Fitz. Now, by my soul, I would it were this hour.
Aum. Fitzwater, thou art damn'd to hell for this.
H. Percy. Aumerle, thou liest; his honour is as true 44 In this appeal as thou art all unjust; And that thou art so, there I throw my gage, To prove it on thee to the extremest point Of mortal breathing: seize it if thou dar'st. 48
Aum. And if I do not may my hands rot off And never brandish more revengeful steel Over the glittering helmet of my foe!
Another Lord. I task the earth to the like, forsworn Aumerle; 52 And spur thee on with full as many lies As may be holla'd in thy treacherous ear From sun to sun: there is my honour's pawn; Engage it to the trial if thou dar'st. 56
Aum. Who sets me else? by heaven, I'll throw at all: I have a thousand spirits in one breast, To answer twenty thousand such as you.
Surrey. My Lord Fitzwater, I do remember well 60 The very time Aumerle and you did talk.
Fitz. 'Tis very true: you were in presence then; And you can witness with me this is true.
Surrey. As false, by heaven, as heaven itself is true. 64
Fitz. Surrey, thou liest.
Surrey. Dishonourable boy! That lie shall lie so heavy on my sword That it shall render vengeance and revenge, ​Till thou the lie-giver and that lie do lie 68 In earth as quiet as thy father's skull. In proof whereof, there is my honour's pawn: Engage it to the trial if thou dar'st.
Fitz. How fondly dost thou spur a forward horse! 72 If I dare eat, or drink, or breathe, or live, I dare meet Surrey in a wilderness, And spit upon him, whilst I say he lies, And lies, and lies: there is my bond of faith 76 To tie thee to my strong correction. As I intend to thrive in this new world, Aumerle is guilty of my true appeal: Besides, I heard the banish'd Norfolk say 80 That thou, Aumerle, didst send two of thy men To execute the noble duke at Calais.
Aum. Some honest Christian trust me with a gage. That Norfolk lies, here do I throw down this, 84 If he may be repeal'd to try his honour.
Boling. These differences shall all rest under gage Till Norfolk be repeal'd: repeal'd he shall be, And though mine enemy, restor'd again 88 To all his lands and signories; when he's return'd, Against Aumerle we will enforce his trial.
Car. That honourable day shall ne'er be seen. Many a time hath banish'd Norfolk fought 92 For Jesu Christ in glorious Christian field, Streaming the ensign of the Christian cross Against black pagans, Turks, and Saracens; And toil'd with works of war, retir'd himself 96 To Italy; and there at Venice gave His body to that pleasant country's earth, ​And his pure soul unto his captain Christ, Under whose colours he had fought so long. 100
Boling. Why, bishop, is Norfolk dead?
Car. As surely as I live, my lord.
Boling. Sweet peace conduct his sweet soul to the bosom Of good old Abraham! Lords appellants, 104 Your differences shall all rest under gage Till we assign you to your days of trial.
Enter York [attended].
York. Great Duke of Lancaster, I come to thee From plume-pluck'd Richard; who with willing soul 108 Adopts thee heir, and his high sceptre yields To the possession of thy royal hand. Ascend his throne, descending now from him; And long live Henry, of that name the fourth! 112
Boling. In God's name, I'll ascend the regal throne.
Car. Marry, God forbid! Worst in this royal presence may I speak, Yet best beseeming me to speak the truth. 116 Would God that any in this noble presence Were enough noble to be upright judge Of noble Richard! then, true noblesse would Learn him forbearance from so foul a wrong. 120 What subject can give sentence on his king? And who sits here that is not Richard's subject? Thieves are not judg'd but they are by to hear, Although apparent guilt be seen in them; 124 And shall the figure of God's majesty, His captain, steward, deputy elect, ​Anointed, crowned, planted many years, Be judg'd by subject and inferior breath, 128 And he himself not present? O! forfend it, God, That in a Christian climate souls refin'd Should show so heinous, black, obscene a deed. I speak to subjects, and a subject speaks, 132 Stirr'd up by God thus boldly for his king. My Lord of Hereford here, whom you call king, Is a foul traitor to proud Hereford's king; And if you crown him, let me prophesy, 136 The blood of English shall manure the ground And future ages groan for this foul act; Peace shall go sleep with Turks and infidels, And in this seat of peace tumultuous wars 140 Shall kin with kin and kind with kind confound; Disorder, horror, fear and mutiny Shall here inhabit, and this land be call'd The field of Golgotha and dead men's skulls. 144 O! if you raise this house against this house, It will the woefullest division prove That ever fell upon this cursed earth. Prevent it, resist it, let it not be so, 148 Lest child, child's children, cry against you 'woe!'
North. Well have you argu'd, sir; and, for your pains, Of capital treason we arrest you here. My Lord of Westminster, be it your charge 152 To keep him safely till his day of trial. May it please you, lords, to grant the commons' suit?
Boling. Fetch hither Richard, that in common view He may surrender; so we shall proceed 156 Without suspicion.
​York. I will be his conduct. Exit.
Boling. Lords, you that here are under our arrest, Procure your sureties for your days of answer. [To Carlisle.] Little are we beholding to your love, 160 And little look'd for at your helping hands.
Enter Richard and York [and Officers bearing the Crown].
K. Rich. Alack! why am I sent for to a king Before I have shook off the regal thoughts Wherewith I reign'd? I hardly yet have learn'd 164 To insinuate, flatter, bow, and bend my knee: Give sorrow leave awhile to tutor me To this submission. Yet I well remember The favours of these men: were they not mine? 168 Did they not sometime cry, 'All hail!' to me? So Judas did to Christ: but He, in twelve, Found truth in all but one; I, in twelve thousand, none. God save the king! Will no man say, amen? 172 Am I both priest and clerk? well then, amen. God save the king! although I be not he; And yet, amen, if heaven do think him me. To do what service am I sent for hither? 176
York. To do that office of thine own good will Which tired majesty did make thee offer, The resignation of thy state and crown To Henry Bolingbroke. 180
K. Rich. Give me the crown. Here, cousin, seize the crown; Here cousin, On this side my hand and on that side thine. ​Now is this golden crown like a deep well 184 That owes two buckets filling one another; The emptier ever dancing in the air, The other down, unseen and full of water: That bucket down and full of tears am I, 188 Drinking my griefs, whilst you mount up on high.
Boling. I thought you had been willing to resign.
K. Rich. My crown, I am; but still my griefs are mine. You may my glories and my state depose, 192 But not my griefs; still am I king of those.
Boling. Part of your cares you give me with your crown.
K. Rich. Your cares set up do not pluck my cares down. My care is loss of care, by old care done: 196 Your care is gain of care, by new care won. The cares I give I have, though given away; They tend the crown, yet still with me they stay.
Boling. Are you contented to resign the crown? 200
K. Rich. Ay, no; no, ay; for I must nothing be; Therefore no no, for I resign to thee. Now mark me how I will undo myself: I give this heavy weight from off my head, 204 And this unwieldy sceptre from my hand, The pride of kingly sway from out my heart; With mine own tears I wash away my balm, With mine own hands I give away my crown, 208 With mine own tongue deny my sacred state, With mine own breath release all duteous rites: All pomp and majesty I do forswear; My manors, rents, revenues, I forgo; 212 ​My acts, decrees, and statutes I deny: God pardon all oaths that are broke to me! God keep all vows unbroke are made to thee! Make me, that nothing have, with nothing griev'd, 216 And thou with all pleas'd, that hast all achiev'd! Long mayst thou live in Richard's seat to sit, And soon lie Richard in an earthy pit! God save King Henry, unking'd Richard says, 220 And send him many years of sunshine days! What more remains?
North. [Offering a paper.] No more, but that you read These accusations and these grievous crimes Committed by your person and your followers 224 Against the state and profit of this land; That, by confessing them, the souls of men May deem that you are worthily depos'd.
K. Rich. Must I do so? and must I ravel out 228 My weav'd-up follies? Gentle Northumberland, If thy offences were upon record, Would it not shame thee in so fair a troop To read a lecture of them? If thou wouldst, 232 There shouldst thou find one heinous article, Containing the deposing of a king, And cracking the strong warrant of an oath, Mark'd with a blot, damn'd in the book of heaven. 236 Nay, all of you that stand and look upon me, Whilst that my wretchedness doth bait myself, Though some of you with Pilate wash your hands, Showing an outward pity; yet you Pilates 240 Have here deliver'd me to my sour cross, And water cannot wash away your sin.
North. My lord, dispatch; read o'er these articles.
​K. Rich. Mine eyes are full of tears, I cannot see: 244 And yet salt water blinds them not so much But they can see a sort of traitors here. Nay, if I turn mine eyes upon myself, I find myself a traitor with the rest; 248 For I have given here my soul's consent To undeck the pompous body of a king; Made glory base and sovereignty a slave, Proud majesty a subject, state a peasant. 252
North. My lord,—
K. Rich. No lord of thine, thou haught insulting man, Nor no man's lord; I have no name, no title, No, not that name was given me at the font, 256 But 'tis usurp'd: alack the heavy day! That I have worn so many winters out, And know not now what name to call myself. O! that I were a mockery king of snow, 260 Standing before the sun of Bolingbroke, To melt myself away in water-drops. Good king, great king,—and yet not greatly good— An if my word be sterling yet in England, 264 Let it command a mirror hither straight, That it may show me what a face I have, Since it is bankrupt of his majesty.
Boling. Go some of you and fetch a looking-glass. 268
[Exit an Attendant.]
North. Read o'er this paper while the glass doth come.
K. Rich. Fiend! thou torment'st me ere I come to hell.
​Boling. Urge it no more, my Lord Northumberland.
North. The commons will not then be satisfied. 272
K. Rich. They shall be satisfied: I'll read enough When I do see the very book indeed Where all my sins are writ, and that's myself.
Enter one with a Glass.
Give me that glass, and therein will I read. 276 No deeper wrinkles yet? Hath sorrow struck So many blows upon this face of mine And made no deeper wounds? O, flattering glass! Like to my followers in prosperity, 280 Thou dost beguile me. Was this face the face That every day under his household roof Did keep ten thousand men? Was this the face That like the sun did make beholders wink? 284 Was this the face that fac'd so many follies, And was at last out-fac'd by Bolingbroke? A brittle glory shineth in this face: As brittle as the glory is the face; 288 [Dashes the glass against the ground.] For there it is, crack'd in a hundred shivers. Mark, silent king, the moral of this sport, How soon my sorrow hath destroy'd my face.
Boling. The shadow of your sorrow hath destroy'd 292 The shadow of your face.
K. Rich. Say that again. The shadow of my sorrow! Ha! let's see: 'Tis very true, my grief lies all within; And these external manners of laments 296 Are merely shadows to the unseen grief ​That swells with silence in the tortur'd soul; There lies the substance: and I thank thee, king, For thy great bounty, that not only giv'st 300 Me cause to wail, but teachest me the way How to lament the cause. I'll beg one boon, And then be gone and trouble you no more. Shall I obtain it?
Boling. Name it, fair cousin. 304
K. Rich. 'Fair cousin!' I am greater than a king; For when I was a king, my flatterers Were then but subjects; being now a subject, I have a king here to my flatterer. 308 Being so great, I have no need to beg.
Boling. Yet ask.
K. Rich. And shall I have?
Boling. You shall. 312
K. Rich. Then give me leave to go.
Boling. Whither?
K. Rich. Whither you will, so I were from your sights.
Boling. Go, some of you, convey him to the Tower. 316
K. Rich. O, good! convey? conveyers are you all, That rise thus nimbly by a true king's fall.
[Exeunt King Richard and Guard.]
Boling. On Wednesday next we solemnly set down Our coronation; lords, prepare yourselves. 320
Exeunt [all except the Bishop of Carlisle, the Abbot of Westminster, and Aumerle].
Abbot. A woeful pageant have we here beheld.
Bishop. The woe's to come; the children yet unborn Shall feel this day as sharp to them as thorn.
​Aum. You holy clergymen, is there no plot 324 To rid the realm of this pernicious blot?
Abbot. My lord, Before I freely speak my mind herein, You shall not only take the sacrament 328 To bury mine intents, but also to effect Whatever I shall happen to devise. I see your brows are full of discontent, Your hearts of sorrow, and your eyes of tears: 332 Come home with me to supper; I will lay A plot shall show us all a merry day.
Exeunt.
Footnotes to Act IV
Scene One
​1–90 cf. n. 4 wrought: cf. n. 5 office: duty timeless: untimely ​11 Is . . . length; cf. n. 21 stars; cf. n. 24 attainder: dishonoring accusation 25 manual seal: seal worn on hand in a ring 33 sympathy: equality of rank 39 turn: fling back ​47 extremest: last 52 I . . . like: I challenge the world to the same trial 57 sets, throw; cf. n. 62 in presence: present ​72 forward: eager 77 tie: obligate 85 try: prove 86 rest under gage: await decision 90 trial: i.e., by combat 94 Streaming: causative, 'making to stream out' 96 toil'd: wearied ​115 Worst; cf. n. 117–119 noble; cf. n. 119 noblesse: nobility 120 Learn: teach 123 but: unless 124 apparent: obvious 125 figure: symbol ​127 planted: established 129 forfend: avert 141 kind: family confound: mingle indistinguishably 149 child, etc.; cf. n. 151 Of: on a charge of 154 suit; cf. n. ​157 conduct: escort 159 sureties: bail answer: trial 165 insinuate: ingratiate myself 168 favours: faces 169 sometime: formerly ​185 owes: possesses 194–198 care: with double meaning, 'anxiety' and 'grief' 199 tend: accompany 201, 202 Cf. n. 210 release: surrender ​225 state: settled order profit: progress 238 bait: harass 239 Cf. n. 241 sour: harsh 243 dispatch: hasten ​246 sort: 'crew' 252 state: grandeur 254 haught: haughty 256 Cf. n. 264 be sterling: pass current ​272 Cf. n. on 154 above 281 beguile: flatter 284 wink: close their eyes ​308 to: as 316 convey: conduct; cf. n. 319 Wednesday; cf. n. ​329 bury: conceal intents: designs