OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cooke, Edward (fl.1678)

​COOKE, EDWARD (fl. 1678), dramatic poet, was the author of ‘Love's Triumph, or the Royal Union,’ a tragedy, never represented on the stage, in five acts and in verse, Lond. 1678, 4to, with a dedication to the Princess of Orange. Probably he is the same person who translated ‘The Divine Epicurus, or the Empire of Pleasure over the Vertues. Compos'd by that most renown'd philosopher, Mr. A. Le Grand,’ Lond. 1676.
Another person of the same name published a work in verse entitled ‘Bartas Junior; or the World's Epitome: Man, set forth in his, 1. Generation, 2. Degeneration, 3. Regeneration,’ Lond. 1631, 8vo. In the address to the reader he says: ‘It is almost 12 yeares since I finished this subject, and now, by the importunity of a learned friend, divulged.’
[Langbaine's Dramatic Poets, p. 25; Addit. MS. 24492, f. 128 b; Baker's Biog. Dram. (1812), i. 147, ii. 397.; Cat. of Printed Books in Brit. Mus.]
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cooke, Alexander

​COOKE, ALEXANDER (1564–1632), vicar of Leeds, Yorkshire, was the son of William Gale, alias Cooke, of Beeston in that parish, where he was baptised on 3 Sept. 1564 (Thoresby, Ducatus Leodiensis, ed. 1816, p. 209). After studying at Leeds grammar school he was admitted a member of Brasenose College, Oxford, in Michaelmas term 1581, and after graduating B.A. in 1585 he was elected to a Percy fellowship at University College in 1587. In the following year he commenced M.A., and he took the degree of B.D. in 1596 (Wood, Fasti, ed. Bliss, i. 230, 243, 273). On 5 Feb. 1600–1 he was inducted into the vicarage of Louth, Lincolnshire, by virtue of letters mandatory from the bishop on the presentation of the queen (Lansd. MS. 984, f. 120). On the death of his brother, Robert Cooke [q. v.], he was collated, upon lapse, to the vicarage of Leeds, by Tobie Mathew, archbishop of York, on 30 May 1615 (Hobart, Reports, ed. 1724, p. 197). He was buried in Leeds church on ​ 23 June 1632 (Thoresby, Vicaria Leodiensis, pp. 71–9).
Wood says that ‘he left behind him the character of a good and learned man, a man abounding in charity and exemplary in his life and conversation, yet hated by the R. Catholicks who lived near Leeds and in Yorkshire, and indeed by all elsewhere who had read his works’ (Athenæ Oxon. ed. Bliss, ii. 536). Cole observes, however, that there is ‘no great sign of abundance of charity in his letter to Archbishop Ussher, 1626, in which he tells him that the dean of Winchester had offered 15,000l. for that bishopric, and calls Dr. Laud and Bishop Francis White men of corrupt minds; with a deal of other puritan leaven.’ Cooke was married and left several children. His daughter Anne became the first wife of Samuel Pulleyne, archbishop of Tuam.
He was author of: 1. ‘Pope Joane. A dialogue betweene a Protestant and a Papist, manifestly proving that a woman called Joane was Pope of Rome,’ London, 1610, 1625, 4to. Reprinted in the ‘Harleian Miscellany,’ ed. Park, iv. 63. A French translation, by J. de la Montagne, appeared at Sedan, 1663, 8vo. 2. Letter to James Usher, dated Leeds, 1612, to prove that the two treatises ascribed to St. Ambrose, viz. ‘De iis qui Sacris initiantur’ and ‘De Sacramentis,’ as also that of Athanasius, ‘De Vita Antonii,’ are not genuine. Harleian MS. 822, f. 464. 3. ‘Work for a Mass-Priest,’ London, 1617, 4to; entitled in successive amplified editions ‘More Work for a Mass-Priest’ (1621); ‘Yet more Worke for a Mass-Priest’ (1622); ‘Worke, more Worke, and yet a little more Worke for a Mass-Priest’ (1628, 1630). 4. ‘St. Austins Religion: wherein is manifestly proued out of the Workes of that learned Father that he dissented from Poperie,’ London, 1624, 4to. Baker ascribes to Cooke the authorship of this treatise, although William Crompton is generally credited with it [see Anderton, James]. 5. ‘The Abatement of Popish Brags, pretending Scripture to be theirs,’ London, 1625, 4to. 6. ‘The Weathercocke of Romes Religion, with her severall Changes. Or, the World turn'd topsie-turvie by Papists,’ London, 1625, 4to.
[Authorities cited above.]
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Gordon, John (d.1644)

​GORDON, Sir JOHN (d. 1644), royalist, was the son of George Gordon (d. 1610), by Margaret, daughter of Sir Alexander Bannerman of Elsick in Aberdeenshire. He succeeded his grandfather, James Gordon of Methlick and Haddo, Aberdeenshire, in November 1624. Appointed by Charles I next in command to George Gordon, second marquis of Huntly [q. v.], in conducting the forces raised against the covenanters in 1639, he greatly distinguished himself at the battle of Turriff on 14 May of that year, in which the Gordons were victorious. After the conclusion of the treaty of pacification on 20 June, Gordon repaired to the king at Newark. In 1642 he was created a baronet. For his opposition to the covenant, letters of intercommuning were issued by the convention against him in November 1643, and an order granted for his apprehension. The sheriff of Aberdeen proceeded accordingly, in January 1644, to his house of Kellie at the head of a large force, but Gordon had escaped. He joined the Marquis of Huntly in behalf of the king, and sentence of excommunication was pronounced against them both by order of the committee of the general assembly on 16 April 1644. On the retreat of the marquis's forces, Gordon attempted to defend his house of Kellie against the Marquis of Argyll, but capitulated unconditionally on 8 May. He was sent to Edinburgh, and imprisoned in the western division of the cathedral of St. Giles, adjoining the Old Tolbooth, which acquired in consequence the name of 'Haddo's Hold.' On his trial he pleaded that he had the king's commission and acted under his authority, but he was condemned and beheaded with the 'maiden' at the cross of Edinburgh on 19 July 1644. By his marriage in 1630 to Mary, daughter of William Forbes of Tolquhon, Aberdeenshire, he had, with other issue, two sons, John (d. 1665), who was restored to the title and estates, and George, first earl of Aberdeen [q. v.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Gordon, Lewis

​GORDON, Lord LEWIS (d. 1754), Jacobite, was the third son of Alexander, second duke of Gordon [q. v.], and Lady Henrietta Mordaunt, daughter of Charles, earl of Peterborough and Monmouth. He was for some time a lieutenant in the navy, but on the outbreak of the rebellion of 1745 he joined the cause of the Stuarts. On 16 Oct. 1745 he swore allegiance to Prince Charles Edward at Holyrood, representing, it was believed, his brother, Cosmo George, third duke of Gordon. Lord Lewis formed one of the prince's council instituted at Edinburgh. He raised a regiment of two battalions in Banffshire and Aberdeenshire, and with this levy defeated royalist forces under the laird of Macleod, near Inverury, 23 Dec. 1745. He then marched to Perth, and joined the main army of the insurgents. After the battle of Culloden he escaped abroad, and died at Montreuil on 15 June 1754. He was unmarried. His name ​was familiarised in Scotland in a popular Jacobite air.
[Douglas's Scottish Peerage; Chambers's Hist. of the Rebellion.]
W. B-e.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Gordon, John (1702-1739)

​GORDON, JOHN (1702–1739), Gresham professor of music, son of a London watchmaker, was born on 26 March 1702. From Westminster School he was admitted a pensioner to Trinity College, Cambridge, on 18 June 1720, succeeded to a scholarship in 1721, but left college in 1722 to study law in London. He had been entered at Gray's ​Inn on 9 Nov. 1718, and was called to the bar on 10 Feb. 1725. In the meantime he was elected professor of music at Gresham College on 16 Jan. 1723, on the death of Dr. Edward Shippen, a post which he filled in the mute and inglorious fashion of most of his predecessors, until his death on 12 Dec. 1739. He died a bachelor, and intestate, and was buried by his sister, Mrs. Smith, at St. Dunstan's, Fleet Street.
[Ward's Lives of the Gresham Professors, ii. 236; Burney, iii. 107; Welch's Alumni Westmonast. p. 275; Admon. Act Book, Commissary Court of London, 1740.]
L. M. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Gordon, John (1644-1726)

​GORDON, JOHN, D.D. (1644–1726), bishop of Galloway, born in Scotland in 1644, was a member of the Gordon family of Coldwells, near Ellon, Aberdeenshire,and was royal chaplain 'apud New York in America,' when, on a vacancy in the see of Galloway, a congé d'élire in his favour was issued 3 Dec. 1687. He was accordingly elected bishop 4 Feb. 1687-8, and consecrated at Glasgow by Archbishop Paterson. At the revolution he followed James II to Ireland and France, and while residing at Saint-Germain he read the liturgy of the church of England to such British protestants as resorted to his lodgings. Subsequently, however, he was converted by Bossuet. It appears that he was privately received into the Roman church during his sojourn in France, though at a later period he made a public abjuration of protestantism at Rome, before Sacripanti, the cardinal protector of the Scotch nation. At his conditional baptism he took the additional name of the reigning pontiff, and ever afterwards signed himself John Clement Gordon. The pope, wishing to confer some benefice pension on the new convert, caused the sacred congregation of the inquisition to institute an inquiry into the validity of Gordon's protestant orders. After a long investigation his orders were treated as if they were null from the beginning. The decree of the inquisition to this effect was issued 17 April 1704. After this Gordon received the sacrament of confirmation, and Clement XI conferred on him the tonsure, giving him the benefice of the abbey of St. Clement, by reason of which Gordon commonly went by the name of the Abate Clemente. It is observable that he never received other than minor orders in the Roman catholic church. He died at Rome in 1726.
He was the author of a controversial piece entitled 'Pax Vobis, or Gospel Liberty.'
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Guilford, Earls of

​GUILFORD, Earls of. [See North, Francis, 1761–1807, first earl; North, Frederick, 1732–1792, second earl; North, Frederick, 1766–1827, fifth earl.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Guillemard, William Henry

​GUILLEMARD, WILLIAM HENRY, D.D. (1815–1887), divine, son of Daniel Guillemard, a Spitalfields silk merchant, and Susan, daughter of Henry Venn of Payhembury, Devonshire, was born at Hackney, 23 Nov. 1815. His family was of Huguenot extraction. He was educated at Christ's Hospital, whence he passed on a school exhibition to Pembroke College, Cambridge. In 1838 he graduated B.A., obtaining high places in both triposes. The same year he gained the Crosse divinity scholarship, and in 1839 the senior Tyrwhitt Hebrew scholarship, and became fellow of his college, proceeding M.A. in 1841, B.D. in 1849, and D.D. in 1870. He was classical lecturer of his college, but declined the tutorship there. He was ordained deacon in 1841, and priest in 1844. At Cambridge he was a successful private tutor, having among his pupils Sir Henry Maine and other men of eminence. He also took a leading part in introducing 'the Oxford movement' into his own university, and rousing it from the somewhat feeble evangelicalism into which it had sunk after Simeon's death. He was an energetic member of the Cambridge Camden Society, established in 1839 for the revival of church architecture and ritual. Owing to ill-health Guillemard spent several winters in Madeira and southern Europe.
From 1848 to 1869 Guillemard was headmaster of the Royal College at Armagh. His career in Armagh was not altogether a success; his pronounced though moderate high churchmanship roused the suspicion of the ardent protestants of the district. He secured, however, the confidence of Lord John Beresford, the primate, and the friendship of Dr. Reichel and Dr. Reeves, the present bishops of Meath and of Down.
In 1869 he left Armagh on being appointed vicar of St. Mary's the Less, Cambridge. During the seventeen years of his incumbency he exercised a wholesome influence as an anglican of the old stamp. He was chairman of the Cambridge branch of the English Church Union, and made his church the centre of advanced church teaching. Enfeebled health led him to resign his living a few months before his death, which took place at Waterbeach 2 April 1887. He was buried in the Cambridge cemetery. Guillemard married in 1849 Elizabeth Susanna Turner, who predeceased him by a few months. By her he had one son and five daughters. Guillemard's only contribution to literature, besides occasional pamphlets and sermons, was an unfinished work on the 'Hebraisms of the Greek Testament,' Cambridge, 1879. The soundness of its scholarship and its critical insight deepens our regret at its fragmentary character.
[Personal knowledge and private information.]
E. V.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Guilford, Baron

​GUILFORD, Baron. [See North, Francis, 1637–1685.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Guillamore, Viscount

​GUILLAMORE, Viscount. [See O'Grady, Standish, 1766–1840.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Day, Francis

Date of death 1666x1673 in the ODNB.
​DAY, FRANCIS (d. 1642), the founder of Madras, is first mentioned in the records of the East India Company as the founder of a factory at Armagaum, a small port in the Nellore district, in 1625. This was the second in date of the English settlements on the eastern or Coromandel coast of India, and soon grew to be next in importance to the English factory at Masulipatam. Both these factories were, however, in much danger both from native powers and from the Dutch, who had settlements close at hand, and in 1638 the East India Company again sent Day to India with special directions to find a spot more suited for the headquarters of their possessions on that coast. After much exploration he fixed upon a site adjoining the Portuguese settlement of St. Thomé, and in 1639 purchased from the Rájá of Chandragiri, on behalf of the company, a tract of land five miles along the coast and one mile inland for the new settlement. In March 1639 he built the factory and protected it with a fort, occupied by a hundred men, to which he gave the name of Fort St. George, which is still the official name of the great city and presidency of Madras. The original fort was only four hundred yards long by a hundred deep, and cost about 3,500l., but it served the purpose of protecting the infant settlement, where its founder, Day, died in 1642.
H. M. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Day, Daniel

​DAY, DANIEL (1683–1767), founder of Fairlop Fair, was born in 1683 in the parish of St. Mary Overy, Southwark, where his father was a brewer. For many years Day was engaged in the trade of an engine, pump, and block maker in the parish of St. John, Wapping. Possessing a small estate near Fairlop Oak in Hainault Forest, he used to repair thither on the first Friday in every July in order to receive his rents. On these occasions it was his custom to invite some of his neighbours to accompany him, whom he entertained under the shade of the oak with a feast of beans and bacon. In the course of years the number of visitors to the oak on this particular day gradually increased, so that in 1725 the place began to exhibit all the appearances of a regular fair. Though it was no longer a private entertainment, Day continued annually to distribute a large quantity of beans and bacon underneath the shade of his favourite tree. For some years before his death the pump and block makers of Wapping yearly attended the fair in a boat covered with an awning and mounted on a carriage drawn by six horses. This procession is still continued, but the fair is no longer held, the ​site having been allotted to the crown under the act for disafforesting the forest of Hainault (14 & 15 Vict. c. 43), which was passed in 1851. The oak, which measured 36 feet in girth at three feet from the ground, and whose boughs overspread an area of some 300 feet in circumference, was greatly injured by an accidental fire in June 1805. A picture of it as it appeared after this catastrophe will be found in the ‘Gentleman's Magazine’ for 1806, opposite p. 617. The remaining portion of the tree was blown down by a gale in February 1820, and some of the wood was utilised in making the pulpit and reading-desk of St. Pancras Church, which was then in course of erection. A few years before Day's death the oak lost a large limb, out of which he had a coffin made for himself. He also left directions that his body should be conveyed to the grave by water, in consequence of the number of accidents he had met with while travelling on land, and that it should be accompanied by six pump and block makers. Day died on 19 Oct. 1767 in the eighty-fourth year of his age, and was buried in his oak coffin in the churchyard of Barking, Essex. His tombstone was repaired in 1829 at the expense of the Company of Blockmakers.
G. F. R. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Day, James

​DAY, JAMES (fl. 1637), verse-writer, published in 1637 a volume of devotional verse, entitled ‘A New Spring of Divine Poetrie,’ 4to, with an acrostic dedication ‘To Mistris Bridget Rudge’ and commendatory verses by H.G. and T.J. The two principal poems in the volume are ‘The Worldes Metamorphosis’ and ‘Christ's Birth and Passion;’ these are followed by some shorter poems, which have more conceit than elegance. From the commendatory verses it appears that the book was a youthful production.
A. H. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Day, Alfred

​DAY, ALFRED (1810–1849), musical theorist, was born in London in January 1810. Though showing very strong musical tastes, in accordance with his father's wishes he studied medicine at London and Paris, and, after taking a medical degree at Heidelberg, settled in London in practice as a homœopathist. For several years he devoted himself during his leisure hours to maturing a plan which he had conceived for forming a complete and logical theory of harmony out of the existing mass of isolated and often inconsistent rules. The results of his study were given to the world in ‘A Treatise on Harmony,’ published in 1845. The work was unfavourably received, though its originality attracted even then the attention of a few scientific musicians. One of these, Sir George Macfarren [q. v.], subsequently adopted much of Day's theory, and mainly by his advocacy the work has become a recognised authority on many of the subjects of which it treats. ‘The speciality of the treatise is twofold: firstly, the standard laws of the ancient, strict, diatonic, artificial, or contrapuntal style are collected and systematically codified … and they are distinguished entirely from those of the modern, free, chromatic, natural, or harmonic style; secondly, though the natural chord of the dominant seventh had been more or less freely used for … three and a half centuries prior to the appearance of this book … no systematic principles of fundamental harmony had ever been deduced from the phenomena that bring that remarkable chord within the resources of the musician. … Day perceived that the acoustical laws of harmonic evolution were the genesis of all music; that the natural chords springing from the dominant were imitable by the appropriation of the chromatic element upon other notes in the key; and that these chromatic imitations of the dominant were identified with the key by their resolution upon, or progression into, other chords common to the same tonality’ (Macfarren, Preface to Day's Treatise, 2nd edit.) In almost every branch of the scientific basis of music Day proposed some reform, and though many of his theories are open to attack, yet on the whole the work is one which no musician can neglect to study. Day died of heart disease, after a long illness, on 11 Feb. 1849.
W. B. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Day, Angell

​DAY, ANGELL (fl. 1586), miscellaneous writer, was the son of Thomas Day of London, parish clerk, and was bound apprentice to Thomas Duxsell, citizen and stationer of London, for twelve years from Christmas day 1563. He published in 1586 a curious and entertaining manual of epistolary correspondence, entitled ‘The English Secretorie, wherein is contayned a perfect method for the inditing of all manner of Epistles and familiar letters,’ black letter, 4to; reprinted in 1587, 1592, 1599, 1607, n.d. [1610?], 1614. His other works are: a pastoral romance entitled ‘Daphnis and Chloe. Excellently discribing the weight of affection, the simplicitie of loue, the purport of honest meaning, the resolution of men, and disposition of Fate,’ &c., 1587, black letter, 4to; a poem in six-line stanzas, ‘Vpon the Life and Death of the most worthy and thrice renowned Knight, Sir Phillip Sidney,’ &c., 4to, 6 leaves; and ‘Wonderfull Strange Sightes seene in the Element, ouer the Citie of London and other Places,’ n.d. (circ. 1585), 8vo. Some commendatory verses by Day are prefixed to Jones's ‘Nennio,’ 1595.
A. H. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Day, Alexander

W. W.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Day, John (1566-1628)

​DAY, JOHN (1566–1628), divine, son of John Day [q. v.], the printer, was born ‘near or over Aldersgate,’ London, in 1566. He became a commoner of St. Alban Hall, Oxford, in 1582, and was elected a fellow of Oriel College in 1588, being then a bachelor of arts. He afterwards took the degrees of M.A. and B.D., entered into holy orders, and gained the reputation of being ‘the most frequent and noted preacher in the university.’ In the beginning of the reign of James I he travelled for three years on the continent, where his attachment to the doctrines of Calvinism was strengthened. After his return he was appointed in January 1608–9 vicar of St. Mary's, Oxford, but missing the provostship of his college on the resignation of William Lewis in 1621, he left his fellowship and vicarage in the following year, and was presented by Sir William Soame to the rectory of Little Thurlow, Suffolk, where he died on 10 Jan. 1627–8. He was buried in his church, where a monument to his memory, with a Latin epitaph, was placed by his brother Lionel ‘bene sexagenarius,’ who describes himself as the sole survivor of twenty-six brothers and sisters. Wood says that Day ‘was a person of great reading, and was admirably well vers'd in the fathers, schoolmen, and councils. He was also a plain man, a primitive christian, and wholly composed, as 'twere, to do good in his function.’
He published several detached English sermons and ‘Conciones ad Clerum,’ and also wrote: 1. ‘Commentarii in octo libros Aristotelis de Auscultatione Physica,’ 1589. Manuscript in Dr. Rawlinson's collection in the Bodleian Library. 2. ‘Day's Dyall, or ​his Twelve Howres, that is, twelve severall Lectures by way of Catechisme, as they were delivered by him in the Chappel of Oriell Colledge,’ Oxford, 1614, 4to. These lectures, which contain a great deal of learning and instruction, are written in a quaint style. Several translations in verse, from Greek and Latin writers, are introduced. 3. ‘Day's Festivals, or Twelve of his Sermons,’ Oxford, 1615, 4to. After the sixth sermon he has added ‘Sacred Fragments out of the bookes of the best of our Protestant writers’ on ‘The Sacraments in generall’ and ‘The Sacrament of the Supper in particular.’
T. C.