OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Edwin Brothertoft/Part III Chapter XV
### Chapter XV.

Half past eight, and the two majors still sat vis-à-vis in the dining-room.
“I am tired of this,” thought Skerrett. “I have had enough of swallowing bumpers to this fellow’s ‘buppers.’ I have heard enough of his foulness, his boasts, and his drivel. I could never have been patient so long except for the lady’s sake. Every word and look of his is an imperative command to me to make sure of her safety. Yes, yes, Voltaire! You needn’t nod and wink that she is ready and anxious. Ten minutes more, to be positive that my men are come, — and then, Major, please the Goddess of Liberty, I’ll forbid your banns, and walk off with your person. I’m sorry for you, brute as you are. And you will not like your wineless quarters with Old Put.”
Monstrous long minutes, those final ten! At the rate of a thousand a minute, shades of doubt drifted across Peter’s mind.
Who has not known suspense and its miseries? — something hanging over him by a hair, or he hanging by a hair over nothing. Patience, Peter Skerrett! The pendulum ticks. It checks off the minutes, surely.
And while those minutes pass, tipsy Jierck Dewitt is at work in the cellar, trying to drown the misery that this guilty house has caused him.
The ten were almost ended, when Brothertoft started to search for the stray leader, that other victim of a woman’s disloyalty.
It was in the very last of the ten that Mrs. Brothertoft turned suddenly and saw an unknown face staring in at her, as she sat in the dusky parlor.
Time was up. Major Skerrett walked quietly to the window, threw up the sash, opened the shutters, and whistled in his men.
Three only came leaping in at the summons.
# Edwin Brothertoft/Part III Chapter XIX
### Chapter XIX.

Edwin Brothertoft shook off the man’s clutch of horror, and stared southward.
A dull glow, like the light of moonrise through mist, was visible close to the dark line of the horizon.
Instantly, as he looked, the glow deepened. The black mass of the Manor-House appeared against the light. The fire must be in the rear and below. An alarm-gun from the frigate came booming through the silence.
While they stood paralyzed, Edwin Brothertoft sprang down from the mound, tore his daughter from the saddle, and was mounted himself quick as thought.
“I must save her!” he cried, — “your mother, my wife!”
He was gone.
A moment they could see the white horse, like a flash of light, as she flung down the break-neck hill-side.
Then she leaped into the mist, and a moment more they could hear her hoofs clattering.
They stood appalled and speechless.
Heart-beat by heart-beat it seemed that the fire grew intenser. All the world was blotted out for the gazers, except that one red spot, like a displaced moonrise, far to the southward.
Fire was not master yet. Who could say? Only three long miles. He might save her. Other succor might come.
Lucy gave one more look into that ocean of mist where she knew her father was struggling. Then, quick but quiet, she seized poor Jierck Dewitt’s arm.
“Come,” she said; “show me the way, — the shortest way. I will follow my father.”
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Chapu

See also Zhapu and Battle of Chapu at Wikipedia; Chapu in the 11th Edition; and the disclaimer.
CHAPU, an important maritime town of China, in the province of Che-keang, 50 miles N.W. of Chinhai, situated in one of the richest and best cultivated districts in the country. It is the port of Hang-chow, with which it has good canal communication, and it was formerly the only Chinese port trading with Japan. The town has a circuit of about five miles, exclusive of the suburbs that lie along the beach; and the Tatar quarter is separated from the rest by a wall. It was attacked and much injured by the British force in 1842, but was abandoned immediately after the engagement.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Charcas

See also Charcas at Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
CHARCAS. See Sucre.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Chaldea

See also Chaldea at Wikipedia; Chaldaea in the 11th Edition; and the disclaimer.
CHALDEA. See Babylonia, vol. iii. p. 183.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Chapter

See also Chapter (religion) on Wikipedia; Chapter and Cathedral chapter at Wikipedia; Chapter in the 11th Edition; and the disclaimer.
CHAPTER, the community of clergymen connected with a cathedral or collegiate church. See Cathedral.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Caroline Anne Bowles

See also Caroline Anne Bowles at Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
BOWLES, Caroline Anne. See Southey, Caroline.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Chalotais

See also Louis-René de Caradeuc de La Chalotais at Wikipedia; Louis René de Caradeuc de La Chalotais in the 11th Edition; and the disclaimer.
CHALOTAIS. See La Chalotais.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Chang-chow

See also Zhangzhou on Wikipedia; Zhangzhou at Wikipedia; Chang-chow in the 11th Edition; and the disclaimer.
CHANG-CHOW, a town of China, in the province of Fuh-keen, on a branch of the River Lung Keang, 35 miles west of Amoy. It is well built, and surrounded with a wall 4½ miles in circumference, which, however, includes a good deal of open ground. The streets are paved with granite, but are very dirty. The river is crossed by a curious bridge, 800 feet long, constructed of wooden planks supported on 25 piles of stones about 30 feet apart. The city is a centre of the silk-trade, and carries on an extensive commerce in different directions. Brick-works and sugar-factories are among its chief industrial establishments. Its population is estimated at about 1,000,000.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Charade

See also Charades on Wikipedia; Charade and Charades at Wikipedia; Charade in the 11th Edition; and the disclaimer.
CHARADE, a trifling species of composition, or quasi-literary form of amusement, which may perhaps be best defined as a punning enigma propounded in a series of descriptions. A word is taken of two or more syllables, each forming a distinct word; each of these is described in verse or prose, as aptly and enigmatically as possible; and the same process is applied to the whole word. The neater and briefer the descriptive parts of the problem, the better the charade will be. In selecting words for charades, special attention should be paid to the absolute quality of the syllables composing them, inaccuracy in trifles of this sort depriving them of what little claim to merit they may possess. The brilliant rhythmic trifles of W. Mackworth Praed are well known. Of representative prose charades, the following specimens are perhaps as good as could be selected:—“My first, with the most rooted antipathy to a Frenchman, prides himself, whenever they meet, upon sticking close to his jacket; my second has many virtues, nor is its least that it gives its name to my first; my whole may I never catch!” “My first is company; my second shuns company; my third collects company; and my whole amuses company.” The solutions are Tar-tar and Co-nun-drum. “Acting charades” are simply punning enigmas described dramatically. A brilliant description of this variety of the species will be found in Thackeray's Vanity Fair.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Chalcis

See also Chalcis at Wikipedia; Chalcis in the 11th Edition; and the disclaimer.
CHALCIS. See Eubœa.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Animal Magnetism

Edition of 1802.
​ANIMAL MAGNETISM, or the art of curing diseases by the magnet, was invented by a German philosopher, named Father Hehl, of Vienna, who first applied it to medicine: but the noted Mesmer, a physician of the same city, by adopting his principles, and afterwards carrying them to a greater extent, has been generally considered the author of this splendid, but fanciful system. The principles of that delusive art, are described by him in the following manner:—Animal magnetism is an universal fluid, constituting an absolute plenum in nature, and the medium of all mutual influence, between terrestrial, animal, and celestial bodies. It is a most subtle fluid, capable of flux and re-flux, and of receiving, propagating, and continuing all kinds of motion. The human body has poles, and other properties, analogous to the magnet, and is subjected to its influence, by means of the nerves. The action and virtue of animal magnetism may be transferred from one body to another, whether animate or inanimate. It ​operates at a great distance, without the intervention of any substance; is increased and reflected by mirrors; communicated, propagated, and augmented by sound; and may be accumulated, concentrated, and transported. By means of this fluid, some nervous disorders are cured immediately, and others mediately: its virtues, in short, extend to the universal benefit and preservation of mankind.
From this extraordinary theory, Mesmer fabricated a paper, in which he asserted that all diseases arise from one common source; that they may be removed by one mode of cure; and that this cure consists in the application of animal magnetism. The folly and credulity of the times soon gained partizans to this new and plausible theory: it became at length so popular and fashionable in France, that the jealousy of the faculty was awakened, and an application was made to government. A committee, consisting of physicians and members of the Royal Academy of Sciences, of which the late illustrious Franklin was a principal member, was immediately appointed, to inquire into its merits, and to ascertain its effects. The consequence of this examination was such as might have been anticipated by every rational mind. The spell was quickly broken, and the whole disclosed to be an artful imposition on the weakness and credulity of mankind. It is now almost universally exploded, and treated with merited ridicule and contempt. The practice, however, and subsequent detection of this wild, and visionary doctrine, have not been altogether useless; since to the philosopher, it has added one more to the numerous catalogue of the errors and illusions of the human understanding; and affords a memorable instance of the power of imagination.—See Electricity and Magnetism.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Animal Motion

* related portals: Zoology.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Commons category, taxonomy, Wikidata item.
Edition of 1802.
​ANIMAL MOTION: various conjectures have been broached with a view to account for the origin of this important function in the animal economy: but, like most other springs of action, arising from a first cause, it is only in a slight degree cognizable to our senses, by its evident, mechanical effects.
Anatomists have, indeed, in their dissections demonstrated, that the contraction of the muscles causes motion, but by what peculiar process, or how produced, remains still doubtful, and involved in obscurity. Among other hypotheses advanced concerning animal motion, there prevails an opinion that it is occasioned by an impulse or irritation of the nerves; which, communicating with all parts of the body, produce muscular contraction, and consequent motion, either to a part or to the whole of the frame, in proportion to the force or frequency of the impression. The difficulty of comprehending, how mere impulse, or irritability of the nervous system, should alone be sufficient to produce such powerful effects, as often follow muscular contraction, has induced others, while they admitted this principle as a first cause of animal motion, to believe in the intervention of some other matter, which is the more immediate agent, in effecting a closer contact of the muscular fibres, and greater energy during the time of their contraction.
The existence of such a subtle matter, as may be capable of performing these wonderful ​phenomena, has been considered as highly probable; and is supposed to reside in the medullary substance of the nerves. This opinion has, lately, been in a great measure corroborated by the discovery of valves of various sizes attached to the nerves, which valves are found in greater or smaller numbers, accordingly as the animal is either of a quicker or slower motion.—See Muscles.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Animalcule

Edition of 1802.
​ANIMALCULE, in its general acceptation, merely signifies a little animal, but is usually applied to those living objects, which are invisible to the naked eye, and can be discoverable only by the assistance of glasses.
By the invention of the microscope, we have become acquainted with a variety of animals, which, from their minuteness, would otherwise have escaped our observation; and there is reason to believe that myriads of them exist, both in the atmosphere and on the earth, which elude the human eye, even when assisted by this instrument. They are of various kinds, and to be met with in different natural bodies. By the assistance of magnifying glasses, they may be seen in water, vinegar, beer, milk, &c.; they are also found in corn, paste, flour, and other farinaceous substances.
In the year 1677, M. Lewenhœck first discovered their existence in the human semen, and that of the lower animals; their number is inconceivable. On viewing with a microscope the milt or seed of a male cod-fish, he found them in such swarms, and of so diminutive a size, that he supposed 10,000 of them, at least, capable of being contained in the bulk of a grain of sand; whence he concludes, that the semen of this fish produces more animalculæ than there are found living persons in the whole world. They appear to be very vigorous and tenacious of life, as they continue to move long after the animal, from which they are taken, is dead. They also have this peculiarity, that they are in constant motion, without intermission, provided there be sufficient fluid, in which they may swim.
Great numbers of animalculæ, some of which are of an oval figure, and others resemble eels, are to be found in the whitish matter that adheres between the human teeth; but they have never hitherto been discovered, either in the blood, saliva, urine, bile, or chyle.
Animalculæ are generated by putrefaction, and are supposed to produce many diseases, such as the plague, typhus, marsh miasma, &c. The small-pox, measles, and other cutaneous eruptions, are also by many conjectured to owe their origin to this source.
The existence of animalculæ in the semen, has by several authors been denied, and among others by Mr. Needham, who, in an inquiry into the generation or production of animals, observes that seeds macerated in water, first disunite into small, motionless, and apparently inert particles, but that these afterwards possess power of motion, and seem alive, though in reality they are not so. He asserts, that there are no pre-existent germs formed for the production of animals, or vegetables, but that matter, organized in a peculiar manner, in its minute assemblages, produces them. In this opinion he is supported by M. Buffon, Reaumur, Maupertuis, and ​other French Naturalists.—See Generation and Microscope.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Animal Spirits

Edition of 1802.
​ANIMAL SPIRITS are supposed to consist of a fine and subtle fluid, secreted in the cortical substance of the brain, and spinal marrow, which passes through the medullary part, and is conveyed through the cavities of the nerves to every point of the body. In support of this ingenious and probable conjecture, many arguments have been adduced: Dr. Mead, in his Essay on Poisons, contends that the existence of animal spirits is proved by the almost instantaneous diffusion of poisonous venom through the whole body; for the bite of a rattle-snake killed a dog in less than a quarter of a minute, in which time, according to Dr. Keil's computation of the velocity of the blood, the brain or heart could not have been injured by its circulation: the cause of its death must, therefore, be ascribed to a quicker medium, which can be no other than that of the animal spirits.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Antelope

Edition of 1802.
​Antelope. See Deer.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Antipathy

Edition of 1802.
​ANTIPATHY, in physiology, is used to express the natural aversion which an animated or sensitive being feels at the real or ideal presence of any particular object. Such are the reciprocal hostilities subsisting between the toad and the weasel; between sheep and wolves; the aversion of particular persons against cats, mice, spiders, &c.
This prepossession is sometimes so violent as to induce fainting, even upon beholding their natural enemies. Most animals likewise evince a remarkable antipathy to the sight of the blood of their own species.
To explore this subject, without prejudice, it will be necessary to exclude those antipathies which are not authenticated, such as those between the weasel and toad, which can be extinguished or resumed at pleasure; or those, the causes of which are evident;—we shall then be inclined to admit but a very inconsiderable number.
The aversion which prevails between the sheep and the wolf, cannot certainly be called an antipathy, as its origin is obvious: the latter devours the former, and every animal naturally shuns pain, or destruction. From similar causes proceeds that dread which many persons feel of serpents and reptiles. During the period of infancy, pains are taken to impress the mind with the frightful idea that these animals are of a venomous nature, and that their bite is mortal. Such apprehensions are aggravated by the relation of dismal tales, which often make a lasting impression. When others, at their approach, have exhibited symptoms of terror, we have been persuaded to avoid them; and hence it is not surprizing that we should entertain an aversion from such objects. Our emotions at the sight of what we fear, being excited while we are unprepared, will be in proportion to the sensibility of our frame, and the irritability of our nerves.
A person, who formerly had no dislike to particular objects, by associating with those who are subject to such idle fears, often acquires an unfavourable bias against things which, prior to those contagious examples, he beheld with perfect indifference. Thus, many evince an aversion to eels, which, however, arises chiefly from their resemblance to serpents.
There are other antipathies, which do not originate from the source of ​the imagination, but from some natural loathing, such as is often perceptible in children, for particular kinds of victuals, which, though not distasteful, yet, from a weakness of the digestive organs, are disgorged as soon as swallowed.
Antipathies, in general, owe their origin to objects which are conceived to be dangerous; to a terror of imaginary disasters; to a squeamish delicacy; and to a rooted dislike of things supposed to be detrimental. Those of children are to be conquered by teaching them the means of defence and security, or the methods of avoiding the influence of noxious agents; and, when age has strengthened the judgment, by demonstrating to them the nature and properties of those natural bodies, or phenomena, which they fear, they will thus gradually overcome their early prejudices and antipathies.—See Sympathy.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Anthericum

Edition of 1802.
​Anthericum. See Spiderwort.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Ant-Hills

Edition of 1802.
​ANT-HILLS are so well known, that they require no additional description to that given under the article Ant.—They are very injurious to dry pastures, not only by wasting the extent of soil which they cover, but by impeding the scythe at the time of mowing, and yielding a poor food, pernicious to cattle. The manner of reducing them, simply consists in cutting them into four parts, from the top, and then digging deep enough to take out the core below, so that when the turf is replaced, it may be somewhat lower than the level of the rest of the land: thus the place will be more wet, and the ants prevented from returning to their former situation. The earth taken out should be scattered, or removed to a considerable distance, lest they might collect it, and soon form another hill. This useful kind of work ought to be performed in winter; for if, at that season, the places be left open, the frost and succeeding rains will destroy those ants which are in the lower part of their habitation. In Hertfordshire and Somersetshire, a particular kind of spade is used for this purpose; its blade is very sharp, and so formed, that the whole edge describes about three-fourths of a circle.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Anthemis

Edition of 1802.
​Anthemis. See Chamomile.
# Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period/K'ang, Prince

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​K'ANG, Prince. See under Giyešu.
# Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period/Jên-tsung

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​JÊN-tsung. Temple name of Yung-yen [q. v.].
# Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period/K'o-ch'in, Prince

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​K'O-ch'in, Prince. See under Yoto.
# Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period/Jui Huang-ti

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​JUI Huang-ti. See under Yung-yen.
# Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period/Jên Huang-ti

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​JÊN Huang-ti. Posthumous name of Hsüan-yeh [q. v.].
# Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period/K'ang-hsi

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​K'ANG-hsi. Reign-title of Hsüan-yeh [q. v.].
# Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period/K'ang-kuo-li

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​K'ANG-kuo-li 康果禮. See under Kanggûri.