OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Modern Art of Taming Wild Horses/Chapter 19

HOW TO RIDE THE COLT.
When you want him to start do not touch him on the side with your heel or do anything to frighten him and make him jump. But speak to him kindly, and if he does not start pull him a little to the left until he starts, and then let him walk off slowly with the reins loose. Walk him around in the stable a few times until he gets used to the bit, and you can turn him about in every direction and stop him as you please. It would be well to get on and off a good many times until he gets perfectly used to it before you take him out of the stable.
After you have trained him in this way, which should not take you more than one or two hours, you can ride him any where you choose without ever having him jump or make any effort to throw you.
When you first take him out of the stable be very gentle with him, as he will feel a little more at liberty ​to jump or run, and be a little easier frightened than he was while in the stable. But after handling him so much in the stable he will be pretty well broken, and you will be able to manage him without trouble or danger.
When you first mount him take a little the shortest hold on the left rein, so that if anything frightens him you can prevent him from jumping by pulling his head around to you. This operation of pulling a horse's head round against his side will prevent any horse from jumping ahead, rearing up, or running away. If he is stubborn and will not go, you can make him move by pulling his head round to one side, when whipping would have no effect. And turning him round a few times will make him dizzy, and then by letting him have his head straight, and giving him a little touch with the whip, he will go along without any trouble.
Never use martingales on a colt when you first ride him; every movement of the hand should go right to the bit in the direction in which it is applied to the reins, without a martingale to change the direction of the force applied. You can guide the colt much better without it, and teach him the use of the bit in much less time. Besides, martingales would prevent you from pulling his head round if he should try to jump.
After your colt has been ridden until he is gentle and well accustomed to the bit, you may find it an ​advantage if he carries his head too high, or his nose too far out, to put martingales on him.
You should be careful not to ride your colt so far at first as to heat, worry, or tire him. Get off as soon as you see he is a little fatigued; gentle him and let him rest; this will make him kind to you and prevent him from getting stubborn or mad.
# The Modern Art of Taming Wild Horses/Chapter 14

HOW TO LEAD A COLT BY THE SIDE OF A BROKE HORSE.
If you should want to lead your colt by the side of another horse, as is often the case, I would advise you to take your horse into the stable, attach a second strap to the colt's halter, and lead your horse up alongside of him. Then get on the broke horse and take one strap around his breast, under his martingale (if he has any on), holding it in your left hand. This will prevent the colt from getting back too far; besides, you will have more power to hold him with the strap pulling against the horse's breast. The other strap take up in your right hand to prevent him from running ahead; then turn him about a few times in the stable, and if the door is wide enough, ride out with him in that position; if not, take the broke horse out first, and stand his breast up against the door, then lead the colt to the same spot, and take the straps as before directed, one on each side of his neck, then let some one start the colt out, and as he comes out, turn your horse to the left, and you will have them all right. This is the best way to lead a colt; you can manage any kind of colt in this way, without any trouble; for if he tries to run ahead, or pull back, the two straps will bring the horses facing each other, so that you can very easily follow up his movements without doing much holding, and as soon as he stops running backward you are right with him, and all ready to go ahead; and if he gets ​born and does not want to go, you can remove all his stubbornness by riding your horse against his neck, thus compelling him to turn to the right; and as soon as you have turned him about a few times, he will be willing to go along. The next thing, after you have got through leading him, will be to take him into a stable, and hitch him in such a way as not to have him pull on the halter, and as they are often troublesome to get into a stable the first few times, I will give you some instructions about getting him in.
# The Modern Art of Taming Wild Horses/Chapter 15

HOW TO LEAD A COLT INTO THE STABLE AND HITCH HIM WITHOUT HAVING HIM PULL ON THE HALTER.
You should lead the broke horse into the stable first, and get the colt, if you can, to follow in after him. If he refuses to go, step up to him, taking a little stick or switch in your right hand; then take hold of the halter close to his head with your left hand, at the same time reaching over his back with your right arm so that you can tap him on the opposite side with your switch; bring him up facing the door, tap him lightly with your switch, reaching as far back with it as you can. This tapping, by being pretty well back, and on the opposite side, will drive him ahead, and keep him close to you; then by giving him the right direction with your left hand you can walk into the stable with him. I have walked colts into the stable this way in less than a ​minute, after men had worked at them half an hour, trying to pull them in. If you cannot walk him in at once in this way, turn him about and walk him around in every direction, until you can get him up to the door without pulling at him. Then let him stand a few minutes, keeping his head in the right direction with the halter, and he will walk in in less than ten minutes. Never attempt to pull the colt into the stable; that would make him think at once that it was a dangerous place, and if he was not afraid of it before he would be then. Besides, we do not want him to know anything about pulling on the halter. Colts are often hurt, and sometimes killed, by trying to force them into the stable; and those who attempt to do it in that way go into an up-hill business, when a plain smooth road is before them.
If you want to hitch your colt, put him in a tolerably wide stall, which should not be too long, and should be connected by a bar or something of that kind to the partition behind it; so that, after the colt is in, he cannot get far enough back to take a straight, backward pull on the halter; then, by hitching him in the centre of the stall, it would be impossible for him to pull on the halter, the partition behind preventing him from going back, and the halter in the centre checking him every time he turns to the right or left. In a stall of this kind you can break any horse to stand hitched by a light strap, anywhere, without his ever knowing ​anything about pulling. But if you have broken your horse to lead, and have learned him the use of the halter (which you should always do before you hitch him to anything), you can hitch him in any kind of a stall, and give him something to eat to keep him up to his place for a few minutes at first, and there is not one colt in fifty that will pull on his halter.
# The Modern Art of Taming Wild Horses/Chapter 2

HOW TO SUCCEED IN GETTING THE COLT FROM PASTURE.
Go to the pasture and walk around the whole herd quietly, and at such a distance as not to cause them to scare and run. Then approach them very slowly, and if they stick up their heads and seem to be ​frightened, hold on until they become quiet, so as not to make them run before you are close enough to drive them in the direction you want them to go. And when you begin to drive, do not flourish your arms or halloo, but gently follow them off, leaving the direction free for them that you wish them to take. Thus taking advantage of their ignorance, you will be able to get them into the pound as easily as the hunter drives the quails into his net. For, if they have always run in the pasture uncared for (as many horses do in prairie countries and on large plantations), there is no reason why they should not be as wild as the sportsman's birds, and require the same gentle treatment, if you want to get them without trouble; for the horse, in his natural state, is as wild as any of the undomesticated animals, though more easily tamed than the most of them.
# The Modern Art of Taming Wild Horses/Chapter 20

THE PROPER WAY TO BIT A COLT.
Farmers often put bitting harness on a colt the first thing they do to him, buckling up the bitting as tight as they can draw it, to make him carry his head high, and then turn him out in a field to run a half-day at a time. This is one of the worst punishments that they could inflict on the colt, and very injurious to a young horse that has been used to running in pasture with his head down. I have seen colts so injured in this way that they never got over it.
A horse should be well accustomed to the bit before you put on the bitting harness, and when you first bit him you should only rein his head up to that point where he naturally holds it, let that be high or low; he will soon learn that he cannot lower his head, and that raising it a little will loosen the bit in his mouth. This will give him the idea of raising his head to loosen the bit, and then you can draw the bitting a little tighter every time you put it on, and he will still raise his head to loosen it; by this means you will gradually get his head and neck in ​the position you want him to carry it, and give him a nice and graceful carriage without hurting him, making him mad, or causing his mouth to get sore.
If you put the bitting on very tight the first time, he cannot raise his head enough to loosen it, but will bear on it all the time, and paw, sweat, and throw himself. Many horses have been killed by falling backward with the bitting on; their heads being drawn up strike the ground with the whole weight of the body. Horses that have their heads drawn up tightly should not have the bitting on more than fifteen or twenty minutes at a time.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Fishing Bounties

Edition of 1905. See also the disclaimer.
​ FISHING BOUNTIES. It was the policy of the English Government to encourage the fisheries, as schools for seamanship, in order that the navy might be readily manned in times of emergency. In the reign of Edward VI. we find statutes compelling people to keep the fast days of the old Church, although Protestantism had already been introduced. This was to keep up the demand for fish. A statute of Elizabeth went further, and removed all import and export duties from fish, and another statute of the same reign encouraged by similar exemption the Iceland trade in herring and cod. In the eighteenth century this legislation had its desired effect of excluding the Dutch from the fishing trade in England, except in the case of the whale fisheries. To meet the latter difficulty, bounties were offered in 1733 and again in 1740 and 1749 to the owners of vessels engaged in the whale fisheries. These bounties were considerable, amounting in 1755 to £55,000, but they did not have the desired effect of increasing the industry.
Following these precedents and others of Colonial times, the American Congress offered bounties to promote the fishing industry. In 1789 bounties were given for the export of dried, salted, and pickled fish; these were increased in 1797 and 1799. An act of 1792 offered extensive bounties to vessels engaged in the cod fisheries of Newfoundland. They varied from $1.50 to $2.50 on the ton, according to the size of the vessel, three-eighths of which went to the owner and the rest to the fishermen. These bounties were finally abolished in 1854. Consult: Statutes of the Realm, 2 and 3 Edward VI., c. 19, 5 Elizabeth, c. 5; Cunningham, Growth of English Industry and Commerce (Cambridge, 1892), i. 443-444; ii. 21-22, 115-116, 282-284. For American legislation, consult United States Statutes at Large, i. 229 sq., 260, 533, 692.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Fishkiller

Edition of 1905. See also Fishkiller on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
* FISHKILLER.
FISHKILLER. One of the great aquatic bugs of the heteropterous family Belostomidæ, which prey upon fishes. They are the largest of existing bugs, some reaching a length of four inches, and have an oval outline, flat body, and a brownish hue, easily hidden. Their legs are flattened into powerful swimming organs, except the foremost pair, which are incurved and form organs for seizing and holding their victims, aided by hooks and processes on the inner surface of the tibiæ. The mouth-parts include a strong beak for stabbing the prey, from which all the blood is sucked before it is let go. At the end of the abdomen are two narrow flattened appendages, which are extensile but not concerned in respiration. The family is numerously represented in the rivers and ponds of northern Africa and southern Asia, but most extensively in America. The largest known species is Belostoma grandis of the Amazonian region, where it lurks on the muddy bottoms of sluggish streams and bayous, ready to seize any salamander, fish, or other aquatic animal that it can overcome. The two most abundant and largest species in the United States are Belostoma Americanum and Benacus griseus, which much resemble one another in the brown-gray color and shape, but may be distinguished by the fact that the Belostoma “has a double groove on the under side of its fore thighs which is lacking on the thighs of Benacus.” These bugs swarm about electric street lights in such numbers as to be known in many places, of late, as ‘electric-light bugs.’ They breed and develop wholly in the water, but their life history is not well known. The females of a related genus, Zaitha, have been found to have the curious habit of depositing and fastening their eggs upon the backs of the males, who unwillingly carry them about until they hatch. Great damage may follow the introduction of these bugs into fish-cultural establishments. Consult Summers. “The True Bugs, or Heteroptera, of Tennessee,” in Tennessee Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin, vol. iv., No. 3 (Nashville, 1891).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Fishkill Landing

Edition of 1905. See also Beacon, New York on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ FISHKILL LANDING, or FISHKILL-ON-HUDSON. A village in Dutchess County, N. Y., 58 miles north of New York City; on the east bank of the Hudson River, opposite Newburg, with which it is connected by a steam ferry, and on the New York Central and other railroads (Map: New York, G 4). It has a picturesque location, is the seat of the De Garmo Institute, and, as one of the oldest villages in the State, is replete with historical interest. The village manufactures hats, rubber goods, Corliss engines and boilers, etc. Fishkill Landing was incorporated in 1866, and, under a revised charter of 1870, is administered by a mayor, chosen annually, and a village council, elected on a general ticket. Population, in 1890, 3617; in 1900, 3673. The town of Fishkill Landing was settled probably about 1695. In 1776 the Provincial Convention of New York met here, and from 1776 to the close of the Revolution, Fishkill was one of the principal military depots of the Northern Army. Joshua H. Smith, at whose house Arnold and André met on September 22, 1780, lived here, and at the Verplanck homestead the Society of the Cincinnati was organized in 1783. Consult: Smith, History of Dutchess County (Pawling, N. Y., 1877); an article, “Fishkill in the Revolution,” in the Publications of the Historical Society of Newburg Bay, for 1894); and Verplanck, “The Birthplace of the Order of the Cincinnati,” in New England Magazine, No. 5, vol. xiv. (Boston, 1896).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Fishtail Palm

Edition of 1905. See also the disclaimer.
​ FISHTAIL PALM. See Caryota.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Fishing Cat

Edition of 1905. See also Fishing cat on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ FISHING CAT. A species of wild cat (Felis viverrina), common in eastern India and through Burma and the Malayan Peninsula. It is 30 to 32 inches in length of body, to which must be added 9 to 12 inches of tapering tail. The general color is dark gray, sometimes reddish, striped on the head and neck and spotted elsewhere with dark brown; the throat and breast are white, and the tail barred with chestnut. The peculiarity of this cat is that it subsists mainly upon fish and mollusks of its own catching; but it is said also to he exceedingly fierce, and to carry off children. Consult Mivart, The Cat (New York, 1892).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Fisk, Clinton Bowen

Edition of 1905. See also Clinton B. Fisk on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ FISK, Clinton Bowen (1828-90). An American soldier and politician. He was born at Griggsville, N. Y., spent some years as a merchant in Michigan, and then removed to Saint Louis, Mo. At the beginning of the Civil War he entered the Union Army, and in 1865 was brevetted major-general. Subsequently he devoted his life largely to the interests of the colored race; was assistant commissioner in the Freedmen's Bureau, and was instrumental in founding Fisk University. In 1884 he left the Republican Party and identified himself with the temperance movement. He was Prohibition candidate for Governor of New Jersey in 1886, and for President of the United States in 1888.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Fishing Creek, Battle of

Edition of 1905. See also the disclaimer.
​ FISHING CREEK, Battle of. See Mill Springs, Battle of.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Fishing Eagle

Edition of 1905. See also Grey-headed fish eagle on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ FISHING EAGLE. A large eagle (Polioaëtus ichthyaëtus) of India and eastward, which lives by catching fish, having habits and a conformation of claws very similar to those of the osprey.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Fishing Frog

Edition of 1905. See also the disclaimer.
​ FISHING FROG. See Angler.
# The Mystery of a Hansom Cab/Chapter 3

CHAPTER III.
ONE HUNDRED POUNDS REWARD
V. R.
MURDER.
£100 REWARD.
"Whereas, on Friday, the 27th day of July, the body of a man, name unknown, was found in a hansom cab. And whereas, at an inquest held at St. Kilda, on the 30th day of July, a verdict of wilful murder, against some person unknown, was brought in by the jury. The deceased is of medium height, with a dark complexion, dark hair, clean shaved, has a mole on the left temple, and was dressed in evening dress. Notice is hereby given that a reward of £100 will be paid by the Government for such information as will lead to the conviction of the murderer, who is presumed to be a man who entered the hansom cab with the deceased at the corner of Collins and Russell streets, on the morning of the 27th day of July."
# The New International Encyclopædia/Muggletonians

Edition of 1905. See also Lodowicke Muggleton on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​MUG·GLETO′NIANS. A sect that arose in London about the year 1651. The founders were two cousins, John Reeve (1608–58) and Lodowicke Muggleton (1609–98), obscure journeymen tailors, but claiming to have the spirit of prophecy. Muggleton professed to be the 'mouth' of Reeve, as Aaron was of Moses. They affirmed themselves to be the two witnesses of Revelation xi. They asserted a right to curse all who opposed them, and did not hesitate to declare eternal damnation against their adversaries. A few members of the sect still exist. They deny the doctrine of the Trinity; hold anthropomorphist opinions; and to all this add many strange doctrines of their own, as that the devil became incarnate in Eve, etc. Consult: Gordon, "The Origin of the Muggletonians," and "Ancient and Modern Muggletonians," in the Transactions of the Liverpool Literary and Philosophical Society for 1869–70.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Mugwort

Edition of 1905. See also the disclaimer.
​MUGWORT. A popular name for various species of artemisia (q.v.).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Muhlenberg, Frederick Augustus Conrad

Edition of 1905. See also Frederick Muhlenberg on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
MUHLENBERG, mū'len-bẽrg, Frederick Augustus Conrad (1750-1801). An American clergyman and politician, son of Heinrich Melchior Muhlenberg. He was born at New Providence (now Trappe), Montgomery County, Pa., studied in Germany at the University of Halle, and upon his return to America entered the Lutheran ministry in Pennsylvania. In 1773 he became pastor of the Lutheran Church in New York City. He was an ardent patriot, and in 1776 he quitted New York and returned to his native State, at the same time abandoning the work of the Church for political activity. He was repeatedly elected to Congress. The first session of the House of Representatives in Washington's administration chose him as Speaker. He was also made chairman of the Committee of the Whole in 1795, and cast the deciding vote that saved the Jay Treaty.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Muhlenberg, Gotthilf Heinrich Ernst

Edition of 1905. See also Gotthilf Heinrich Ernst Muhlenberg on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
MUHLENBERG, Gotthilf Heinrich Ernst (1753-1815). An American clergyman and botanist, son of H. M. Muhlenberg, born at Trappe, Pa. He was educated at Halle and traveled in Germany and in England. He was ordained a Lutheran minister and became assistant pastor of a Lutheran church in Philadelphia. In 1779 he retired to the country, where he devoted himself to the study of botany; and it is as a botanist that he is best known. His chief works are: Catalogus Plantarum Americæ Septentrianalis (1813); and Descriptio Uberior Graminum et Plantarum Calamariarum Americæ Septentrianalis Indiginarum et Circarum (1817).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Mugwump

Edition of 1905. See also Mugwump on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​MUGWUMP (Algonquin mugquomp, chief, great man). In American politics, a term originally applied to a voter nominally identified with a particular party, but claiming the right to vote with another party. It early passed into the local phraseology of some of the New England villages, being applied in its original (Indian) signification to any local magnate. Its first appearance in print seems to have been in the Indianapolis Sentinel in 1872. Its popular use began with an article in the New York Sun for March 23, 1884. In September of the same year it was first given to a political party, the Independent Republicans, who refused to ratify the nomination of James G. Blaine for the Presidency. The name was applied to them in a spirit of derision, but was accepted by them, and now regularly denotes any body of voters who profess to be independent of strict party obligations. The name Dudes and Pharisees was also applied in 1884 to those Republicans who opposed the election of James G. Blaine.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Muharram

Edition of 1905. See also Muharram on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​MUHAR′RAM (Ar. muḥarram, sacred, from ḥarama, to forbid). The first month of the Mohammedan year. Originally the Arabs had a solar year by means of intercalary months. The first month was called Ṣafar I., and came in the autumn. It was the month of fairs, pilgrimages, and festivals, and hence .acquired the epithet al-Muḥarram, the sacred, which in time supplanted the real designation. When in the year 10 of the Hejira Mohammed restored the lunar year, on the ground that intercalary months were an impious interference with the order of things as established by God, Muharram and all the months began to come earlier in each succeeding year. Mohammed is said to have observed the tenth day of Muharram (the ‘ashūrȧ) as a fast day, perhaps in imitation of the Jewish Day of Atonement on the tenth of Tishri. Later he appointed the month of Ramadan (q.v.) for fasting. The Sunnites still consider the tenth of Muharram as sacred, and keep it as a fast. The Shiites lament the death of Hosein on the first ten days of the month. (See Hasan and Hosein.) Consult Wellhausen, Reste arabischen Heidenthums (Berlin. 1897).