OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/waten

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry waten. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ waten, verb, ‘to wade,’ from Middle High German waten, Old High German watan, strong verb, ‘to wade, go, stride'; a common Teutonic word; compare Dutch waden, Anglo-Saxon wadan, English to wade, Old Icelandic vaða, ‘to wade, press forwards’ (especially in water). The borrowed Italian term guadare has the same meaning, ‘to walk through water'; on the Old Icelandic noun vað, ‘ford,’ and the equivalent Dutch wadde, are based Italian guado, French gué, ‘ford, shallow part of a river'; compare Weed. The Teutonic root wad, ‘to stride, wade,’ is identical with the primitively cognate Latin vâdere, ‘to wade, ford,’ to which Latin vǎdum, ‘ford,’ is allied. The Aryan root wā̆dh has not been preserved in other languages.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/weben

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry weben. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ weben, verb, ‘to weave, entwine, fabricate,’ from Middle High German wëben, Old High German wëban, strong verb, ‘to weave, work, plait, spin’; compare Dutch weven, Anglo-Saxon wëfan, English to weave, and the equivalent Old Icelandic vefa. A widely developed Teutonic and Aryan root (web from Aryan webh), which testifies to the great antiquity of weaving among the Indo-Europeans. Compare the Sanscrit root vabh, ‘to weave,’ in ûrṇavâbhi, ‘spider,’ literally ‘woollen-weaver’ (also ubh, ‘to bind’), Greek ὑφαίνω, ‘to weave,’ ὕφος, ‘web.’ Compare Wabe, Wiebel, and Wespe.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/warm

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry warm. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ warm, adjective, ‘warm,’ from the equivalent ​Middle High German and Old High German warm; corresponding to Old Saxon, Dutch and English warm, Gothic *warms (compare warmjan, ‘to warm’). A common Teutonic adjective based on the Aryan root war, ‘to be hot.’ Compare Old Slovenian varŭ, ‘heat,’ with vrěti, ‘to boil, be hot,’ vrŭlŭ, ‘passionate’; Lithuanian vìrti, ‘to boil.’ The Teutonic cognates have, with less reason, been compared with Sanscrit gharmá, ‘heat of fire, glare of the sun,’ and Greek θερμός, Latin formus, ‘warm.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/warten

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry warten. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ warten, verb, ‘to wait, await, stay,’ from Middle High German warten, Old High German wartên, ‘to spy, lurk, expect.’ Compare Old Saxon wardôn,‘to be on one’s guard, look after,’ Anglo-Saxon weardian, ‘to guard, keep,’ English to ward, Old Icelandic varða, ‘to watch over, protect’ (also Gothic -wards, ‘keeper,’ in compounds). From Old Teutonic are borrowed Italian guardare and French garder, ‘to guard.’ Hence the primary meaning of the cognates is ‘to look after or take charge of some one,’ and so they are undoubtedly connected with the root of wahren.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Faden

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Faden. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Faden, masculine, ‘thread, file, shred,’ from the equivalent Middle High German vaden, vadem, Old High German fadam, fadum, masculine; Gothic *faþms is wanting. Compare Old Saxon fathmos, ‘both arms stretched out,’ Anglo-Saxon fœþm, ‘both arms distended, embrace, protection, bosom,’ English fathom (a measure), Old Icelandic faðmr, ‘both arms, bosom.’ Consequently the primary sense is ‘encompassing with both arms,’ which could be adopted as a measure (see Klafter); hence the use of ‘fathom’ as a measure in English, Scandinavian, Low German, Dutch, and also in Modern High German (adopted from Low German and Dutch). The Modern High German meaning ‘thread’ is a recent development; its literal sense is ‘as much yarn as can be measured with the arms stretched out.’ The primary sense, ‘encompassing,’ results from Gothic faþa, feminine, Middle High German vade, feminine, ‘hedge, enclosure.’ The base of the cognates is a Teutonic root, feþ, faþ, pre-Teutonic pet, pot, which accords with the Greek πετ in πετάννυμι, ‘to spread out,’ πέταλος, ‘outspread, broad, flat’; Latin patere, ‘to stand open,’ is even more remote.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Eust

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Eust. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Eust, Swiss, ‘sheepfold.’ See Schaf.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Euter

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Euter. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Euter, masculine and neuter, ‘udder, dug,’ from the equivalent Middle High German iuter, ûter, Old High German ûtar, ûtiro, masculine; a word common to Teutonic and originally a primitively Aryan word, which has the same sense everywhere. Compare Dutch uijer, Anglo-Saxon ûder, English udder; also with gradation eudar in Middle Low German jeder, Old Frisian iader, Old Icelandic júgr. The-resulting Teutonic ûdr-, eudr-, from Aryan ûdhr-, corresponds to the equivalent Sanscrit ûdhar, Greek οὔθαρ (with gradation), Latin ûber; Slavonic vymę (from *vyd-men-), ‘udder,’ is differently derived.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Fabel

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Fabel. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
Fabel, feminine, ‘fable,’ even in Middle High German fabel, fabele, feminine, from French fable, Latin fabula.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Fach

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Fach. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Fach, neuter, ‘compartment, shelf, panel, special branch,’ from Middle High German vach, Old High German fah(hh), neuter, ‘part, division of space, of a partition, wall, &c.,’ also ‘contrivance, an enclosed space in water for catching fish, fish-weir, hurdles for fishing’; with the latter meanings some have connected Greek πάγη, ‘noose, snare, fishing hurdles,’ to which there is no objection phonetically. Yet we must proceed in the case of the High German word as well as of Anglo-Saxon fœc, ‘space, time,’ from a general and primary sense, such as ‘division, a portion of space or time.’ Allied to High German fügen. —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Fackel

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Fackel. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Fackel, feminine, ‘torch,’ from the equivalent Middle High German vackele, vackel, Old High German facchala, feminine; compare Anglo-Saxon fœcele, feminine, ‘torch,’ with the abnormal variant þœcele, feminine. It is usually regarded as a loan-word from Latin facula, (diminutive of fax). The sounds, however, point with greater probability to a genuinely Teutonic word, which was perhaps connected with Latin facula; Dutch fakkel, feminine, has ck, like the High German word, in contrast to Anglo-Saxon c; the vowels too of the Anglo-Saxon stem and derivative syllable tell in favour of a genuinely native word; likewise Old High German rôrea gafaclita, ‘reed shaken to and fro by the wind.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Fahrende Habe

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Fahrende Habe. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Fahrende Habe, ‘movables,’ from the equivalent Middle High German varnde habe, varndez guot, Old High German faranti scaz.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Fahrt

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Fahrt. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Fahrt, feminine, ‘journey, ride, drive, voyage, course,’ from Middle High German vart, Old High German fart; compare Old Saxon fard, ‘journey, voyage,’ Anglo-Saxon fyrd, ferd, feminine, ‘journey, voyage, expedition, troops on the march,’ Old Icelandic ferð, feminine, ‘journey’; Gothic *farþs or *fards is wanting, but the term us-farþô (us skipa, ‘shipwreck’) occurs once. From por-ti-s, a derivative of the root por appearing in fahren; compare also fertig.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Fahne

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Fahne. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Fahne, feminine (masculine in Upper German), ‘banner, flag, standard, squadron,’ from Middle High German vane, van, masculine ‘flag, banner’; in this sense Old High German has the compound gundfano, masculine, since fano most frequently means ‘cloth’ (compare ougafano, ‘veil,’ halsfano, ‘neckcloth’); allied to Gothic fana, ‘cloth, stuff, rag,’ Anglo-Saxon fana and gûþfana, masculine, ‘standard, banner,’ English fane, vane, Dutch vaan, ‘flag.’ The Teutonic fanan, pre-Teutonic pano-n-, has in the wider sphere of the Aryan languages many cognates which also point to the general and older meaning, ‘stuff, cloth’; Latin pannus, ‘small piece of cloth, rag,’ Old Slovenian o-pona, ‘curtain,’ ponjava, feminine, ‘sail.’ Akin also perhaps to Greek πῆνος, neuter, ‘garment,’ πηνίον, ‘spool, spindle.’ An Aryan verbal root, pen, appears in Old Slovenian pĭną (pęti), ‘to span, hang.’ The Old Teutonic gunþfano, ‘standard,’ was adopted with the meaning ‘flag’ by Romance (compare French gonfalon, Italian gonfalone), while the simple form in Romance retained at different times the earlier and general meaning (compare Old French and Modern French fanon, ‘rag, towel, fanon (of a priest).’ —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Beutel

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Beutel | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Beutel (1.), m., ‘a ripping chisel, a piece of wood for beating flax,’ first occurs in ModHG.; the t points to a LG. origin; in HG. we should have expected fs, in MidHG. ȥ (MidHG. bôȥel, bœȥel). Comp. LG. bœ̂tel, AS. bŷtel, E. beetle (for beating flax); from a root baut, ‘to strike, beat’ (AS. beátan, E. beat, OIc. bauta, OHG. bôȥȥan), which still appears in Amboß.
Beutel (2.), m., ‘purse,’ from MidHG. biutel, m., n., ‘purse, pocket,’ OHG. bûtil; comp. Du. buidel (buil), ‘purse’; Goth. *bûdils. The word cannot, however, be traced farther back than OHG.; its kinship to bieten, root bud, from bhudh, would throw no light on the meaning.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Beweis

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Beweis | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Beweis, m., first occurs in ModHG., from MidHG. bewîsen, ‘to instruct, show, prove’; comp. weisen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Bett

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Bett | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Bett, n., ‘bed,’ from the equiv. MidHG. bet, bette, OHG. beti, betti, n.; com, AS. bedd, E. bed, Goth. badi. For ModHG. Bett the form Beth is found in the 18th cent. (e.g., in Gessner), just as for Beet this word Bett is used popularly (and in MidHG.); comp. Beet. The signification Beet (‘garden-bed’) makes the connection with the Lat. root in fodio, ‘to bury,’ possible (comp. W. bedd, ‘grave’; also OSlov. bodą, ‘I prick’); Goth. badi (Lat. *fŏdium), might therefore have arisen from Aryan bhodhiom. The primary meaning was probably ‘an excavated spot’; the ​signification already common to the Teut. group, ‘bed, lectus’ (akin to OSw. bœdhil, ‘nest’), may be elucidated by reference to the cave-dwellings of the Teutons (see Dung). In early times the bed was evidently dug like a niche in the sides of the subterranean dwellings. The meaning ‘bolster,’ common to OIc. beðr and Finn. patja (borrowed from Goth.), does not, it is true, harmonise with this explanation.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Beunde

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Beunde | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Beunde, f., from the equiv. MidHG. biunde, OHG. biunt, ‘a vacant and enclosed plot reserved for a special wing or outhouse, enclosure’; no connection with Lat. fundus is possible. MidLG. biwende, ‘an enclosed space,’ shows that an OHG. *bi-want, ‘that which winds round, a hedge,’ is implied. Respecting bi, ‘round about,’ see Bifang.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Beute

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Beute | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Beute (1.), f., ‘kneading trough, beehive,’ from MidHG. biute, f., OHG. biutta, f., with the same meaning; it presupposes Goth. *biudja. Bütte is the most nearly allied, unless the latter is of Rom. origin. The derivation from OHG. biot, Goth. biuþs, AS. beód, ‘table,’ seems uncertain; of course AS. beód also means ‘dish.’
Beute (2.), f., ‘booty,’ from the equiv. MidHG. biute; on account of Du. buit, OIc. bŷte, ‘booty, exchange,’ hence ‘to exchange, divide,’ the t indicates that the word was borrowed. E. booty is derived from the OIc. bŷte, but it has also been confused with boot, ‘gain, advantage’ (see Buße). The t would have become fs, tz in HG. As t would represent the dental in Goth., bieten, Goth. biudan cannot, according to the laws of the permutation of consonants, be allied to Beute; we must assume that the root of the latter is Goth. bût, pre-Teut. bhū̆d. Fr. butin, ‘booty,’ is borrowed from these cognates. Comp. OIr. buaid, ‘victory.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Bezirk

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Bezirk | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Bezirk, m., ‘circuit, district, sphere,’ from MidHG. zirc, ‘circle, circumference, district’; from Lat. circus, ‘circle.’ The word, as z for Lat. c shows, was borrowed very early during the OHG. period.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Beutheie

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Beutheie | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Beutheie, f., ‘cooper's mallet for driving on the hoops.’ Beut- like Beutel, ‘beetle,’ belongs properly to LG.; -heie, hammer, from MidHG. heie, OHG. heia, ‘hammer’; hence Beutheie, ‘driving hammer.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Bettel

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Bettel | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Bettel, m., ‘beggary, trash,’ akin to MidHG. bëtel, ‘begging.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Betzel

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Betzel | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Betzel, Petzel, m., ‘small cap,’ from MidHG. (MidG.) bezel, f., ‘hood.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Beule

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Beule | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Beule, f., ‘boil, swelling,’ from the equiv. MidHG. biule, OHG. bûlla, *bûllea, f., ‘blister’; comp. AS. bŷle, E. bile (also boil), Du. buil, ‘boil’; Goth. *bûljô, ‘swelling,’ is connected with Goth. ufbauljan, ‘to inflate,’ and stands probably for *bûgwliô, properly Buckel (hump); akin to biegen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Ort

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Ort | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Ort (1.), m., ‘awl,’ in this sense ModHG. only, and identical with Ort (2).
Ort (2.), m., ‘place, spot, region,’ from MidHG. ort, n. and m., ‘sharp point end, beginning, corner, angle, border, place,’ OHG. ort, m. and n., does not occur in the ModHG. sense of ‘place.’ The meaning ‘point, corner,’ is the orig one; comp. OSax. ord, m., ‘point,’ AS. and MidE. ord. ‘point of a weapon’ (for a similar evolution of meaning comp. Ecke. The r of the word originated in s, z; Goth. *uzda- is by chance not recorded; it is assumed by OIc. oddr, ‘point,’ the dd of which points to Goth. zd. In Ort (1) the earlier meaning is still dimly seen. See also Ort (3).
Ort (3.), n. and m., ‘quarter, quart,’ from MidHG. ort, m. and n., ‘fourth part of a measure, weight, or coin’; corresponding to Du. oord, ‘a fourth part of a coin, measure, &c.’ Identical with Ort (2). “This meaning is approximately derived from the square coins divided by a cross into pieces with four Orte, i.e., ‘corners,’ and afterwards transferred to measure and weight. Thus in Germany and Austria, when, in the year 1849, the florin notes were divided into four parts to serve as change, a single part was called Eckele or Örtel, ‘a little corner,’ and this expression was then generally used for a quarter of a florin.” The earlier assumption that this word was based on MidLat. quarto, ‘fourth part,’ must be rejected.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Osten

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Osten | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Osten, m., from the equiv. MidHG. ôsten, m. and n., OHG. ôstan, m. and n., ‘east’; the form Ost is wanting in MidHG. and OHG.; it has probably been recently coined; comp. Nord and Norden, Süd and Suden, West and Westen. Yet even in AS. eást, E. east, occurs, whence Fr. est. —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Orkan

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Orkan | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Orkan, m., ModHG. only, from the equiv. Du. orkaan, E. hurricane; comp. Fr. ouragan, Ital. uracano, ‘hurricane’; “it is a modern word introduced from America, said to be of Caribbean origin.”
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Orlogschiff

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Orlogschiff | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Orlogschiff, n., ModHG. only, formed from the equiv. Du. oorlogsschip, n., ‘man-of-war,’ which is derived from orlog, ‘war,’ corresponding to OSax. orlagi, ‘war,’ AS. orlege, MidHG. urliuge, OHG. urliugi, ‘war.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Osterluzei

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​ Osterluzei, f., ‘birth-wort,’ first occurs in early ModHG.; corrupted from the Lat. term aristolochia, “in order to give at least a G. air and some apparent meaning to the word.”
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/P

* A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R - S - T - U - V - W - Z
* Paar
* Pacht
* Pack
* Pack
* paff
* pah
* Palast
* Pallasch
* Pallisade
* Palme
* Pamphlet
* Panier
* Panther
* Pantoffel
* Panzer
* Papagei
* Papier
* Pappe
* Pappel
* Pappel
* pappeln
* Papst
* Paradies
* Pardel
* Park
* Partei
* Pasch
* paschen
* Paspel
* passen
* passen
* passieren
* Pastete
* Paß
* Pate
* Pauke
* Pausback
* pauschen
* Pause
* Pavian
* Pech
* Pedant
* Pedell
* Pegel
* Pein
* Peitsche
* Pekesche
* Pelikan
* Pelle
* Pelz
* Pennal
* Perle
* Perlmutter
* Pest
* Pestilenz
* Petersilie
* Petschaft
* Petze
* Pfad
* Pfaffe
* Pfahl
* Pfalz
* Pfand
* Pfanne
* Pfarre
* Pfarrer
* Pfau
* Pfebe
* Pfeffer
* Pfeffermünz
* Pfeife
* pfeifen
* Pfeil
* Pfeiler
* Pfennig
* Pferch
* Pferd
* Pfetter
* Pfifferling
* Pfingsten
* Pfinztag
* Pfirsich
* Pflanze
* Pflaster
* Pflaume
* pflegen
* Pflicht
* Pflock
* pflücken
* Pflug
* Pflugschar
* Pforte
* Pfosten
* Pfote
* Pfriem
* Pfriem
* Pfropfen
* pfropfen
* Pfründe
* Pfuhl
* Pfühl
* Pfund
* pfuschen
* Pfütze
* Pick
* picken
* Pickelhaube
* Pickelhering
* Picknick
* piepen
* Pilger
* Pille
* Pilot
* Pilz
* Pimpernelle
* Pinn
* Pinsel
* Pips
* pissen
* placken
* Placken
* Plage
* Plan
* Planke
* plappern
* plärren
* platt
* Platteise
* Platz
* Platz
* platzen
* plaudern
* Plinze
* plötzlich
* Pluderhose
* plump
* Plunder
* Plüsch
* Pöbel
* pochen
* Pocke
* Pokal
* Pökel
* Polei
* Polster
* poltern
* pomadig
* Pomeranze
* Pomp
* Popanz
* Port
* Porzellan
* Posaune
* Posse
* Post
* Pott
* Pottasche
* Pracht
* prägen
* prahlen
* Prahm
* prallen
* prangen
* Pranger
* prasseln
* prassen
* predigen
* Predigt
* Preis
* Preiselbeere
* preisen
* prellen
* Presse
* Priamel
* prickeln
* Priester
* Prinz
* Prise
* Pritsche
* Probe
* Probst
* prophezeien
* Propst
* prüfen
* Prügel
* Prunk
* Psittich
* Pudel
* Puder
* puffen
* Puls
* Pult
* Pulver
* Pumpe
* Puppe
* pur
* purzeln
* pusten
* Pute
* putzen
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Otter

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Otter | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Otter, f., from the equiv. MidHG. otter, OHG. ottar, m., ‘otter’; corresponding to Du. otter, AS. otor, E. otter, OIc. otr, ‘otter’; Goth. *utrs is by chance not recorded. Goth. tr remains unaffected by the HG. permutation; see bitter, lauter, treu, zittern. The term udrá- is applied in several Aryan languages to aquatic ​animals; *udra- belongs to the same root as Gr. ὕδωρ, ‘water,’ ἄνυδρος, ‘waterless, dry,’ Sans. udan, ‘water,’ ánudra-s, ‘waterless, dry,’ hence ModHG. Otter is etymologically connected with Wasser. Comp. Gr. ὕδρα, ὕδρος, ‘water-snake,’ Lith. údra, ‘otter,’ OSlov. vydra, ‘otter,’ Sans. udra, m., ‘otter.’ —
Otter, f. (thus in Luther), for ‘adder,’ is East MidG.; comp. Du. and LG. adder, E. adder (also Suab. ā̊dr).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Oxhoft

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​ Oxhoft, n., ‘hogshead,’ MidHG. only, from the equiv. LG. and Du. okshoofd, n., to which Swed. oxhufoud and Dan. oxehoved are allied; the origin of the word cannot be ascertained. The sounds point rather to a Scand. dial. than to LG. and Du., because in the latter os signifies ‘ox.’ It is not certain whether the prim. meaning is ‘head of an ox,’ though it was thus popularly understood in LG., as is seen by the corrupt form hogshead, which it assumed on being adopted by Eng.