OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# White Paper on Indian States (1950)/Part 2/Geographical Survey

Geographical Survey
31. Geographically the States were scattered over every portion of the map of India. The yellow and pink map of pre-Partition India showed the Baluchistan States and the States of Kashmir and Sikkim (the last one sometimes shown in pale green to indicate that unlike other States it was under the External Affairs Department) on the frontiers of India. It showed in the north-east Cooch-Behar within the territories of the Bengal Province and the Manipur State surrounded by the territories of the Province of Assam. Southwards in the eastern portion of India the next block of Indian State territory was to be found in a chain of small States, which were known as the Chhattisgarh and Orissa States. Further south figured the States of Hyderabad and Mysore, the latter a unit larger than the Irish Free State and having twice its population. Facing the Indian Ocean farther southwards still were the two densely populated States of Cochin and Travancore. Northwards up the west coast, and both on the coast and inland, were to be found various States mainly of the Maharatta period, the largest of these being Kolhapur. The chain of States ended with the State of Baroda made up of several separate areas to the north of Bombay Presidency. Further to the north-west lay the extremely numerous assemblage of States and Estates included in the Western India States Agency, of which the better known were Kutch, Nawanagar, Bhavnagar and Junagadh. To the north-east of Bombay, separating Bombay and the Central Provinces from the United Provinces, lay the main mass of Central India States which included Gwalior, Indore and Rewa. The northern and north-western portion of Bombay was divided from the Punjab by the wide area of Rajputana States. Among the States of this group, which constituted the largest unit of Indian States, were the important Rajputana States of Bikaner, Jaipur, Jodhpur and Udaipur. In the United Provinces were to be found the isolated States of Tehri-Garhwal, Rampur and Benares. To the north-west were the Punjab States including Patiala stretching up to Simla and the States of Jind, Nabha and Kapurthala; and a number of smaller States. Further west appeared the State of Bahawalpur. The State of Khairpur lay in the geographical orbit of Sind.
# White Paper on Indian States (1950)/Part 2/Three Categories of States

Three Categories of States
33. According to the Butler Committee the Indian States as they existed could be classified into three distinct categories:—
The first category included the Ruling Princes who enjoyed a permanent dynastic salute of 11 guns or more, together with other Rulers of the States who exercised such full or practically full internal powers as, in the opinion of the Viceroy, qualified them for individual admission to the Chamber. As a result of fresh admissions, the membership of the Chamber was enlarged to 140.
# White Paper on Indian States (1950)/Part 2/Historical Survey

Historical Survey
30. Historically the main common feature that distinguished the States from the Provinces was that the States unlike the Provinces had not been annexed by the British. In their individual origin, however, the evolution and growth of States represented different processes. Firstly, there were the old established States, such as those in Rajputana, which were in existence before the main waves of foreign invasion took place. Another class consisted, mainly of the States with Muslim dynasties, which were ​founded by the nobles or the Viceroys of the foreign invaders. Then there were the newer States, which the British recognised during the final stages of the consolidation of their power.
# White Paper on Indian States (1950)/Part 3

PART III
THE STATES UNDER THE SCHEME OF THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA ACT, 1935, AND SUBSEQUENT PLANS FOR INDIA'S CONSTITUTIONAL ADVANCE
* CONTENTS
* Pages
* Federal Scheme of 1935••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••24
* Cripps Plan••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••26
* Simla Conference of 1945••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••28
* Cabinet Mission's Plan••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••28
* His Majesty's Government's Statement of 3rd June, 1947••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••31
# Works of Jules Verne/Dr. Ox's Experiment/Chapter 9

CHAPTER IX In which Doctor Ox and Ygene, his assistant, say a few words
"Well, Ygene?"
"Well, master, all is ready. The laying of the pipes is finished."
"At last! Now, then, we are going to operate on a large scale, on the masses!"
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# Works of Jules Verne/Five Weeks in a Balloon

Five Weeks in a Balloon
* Chapter I
* Chapter II
* Chapter III
* Chapter IV
* Chapter V
* Chapter VI
* Chapter VII
* Chapter VIII
* Chapter IX
* Chapter X
* Chapter XI
* Chapter XII
* Chapter XIII
* Chapter XIV
* Chapter XV
* Chapter XVI
* Chapter XVII
* Chapter XVIII
* Chapter XIX
* Chapter XX
* Chapter XXI
* Chapter XXII
* Chapter XXIII
* Chapter XXIV
* Chapter XXV
* Chapter XXVI
* Chapter XXVII
* Chapter XXVIII
* Chapter XXIX
* Chapter XXX
* Chapter XXXI
* Chapter XXXII
* Chapter XXXIII
* Chapter XXXIV
* Chapter XXXV
* Chapter XXXVI
* Chapter XXXVII
* Chapter XXXVIII
* Chapter XXXIX
* Chapter XL
* Chapter XLI
* Chapter XLII
* Chapter XLIII
* Chapter XLIV
# Who's Who in the Far East/Addenda/SHELLEY, Malcolm Bond

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​ SHELLEY, Malcolm Bond (KUALA LUMPUR), Federated Mala States Civil Service; b. July, 8,. 1879. Passed in Law and Tamil; cadet, Selangor, 1902; actg. assistant Superintendent of Immigrants under the Federal Government, 1905; appointed assistant secretary to Resident, Selangor, May, 1906, Address: Kuala Lumpur, Selangor, Federated Malay States.
# Who's Who in the Far East/Addenda/SHIGENO, An-yeki

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​ SHIGENO, An-yeki (TOKYO), Doctor of Literature, Member of House of Peers; b. Oct. 1827, at Satsuma. Was formerly Professor of Tokyo University; is distinguished Chinese classical scholar and historian. Address: Tokyo, Japan.
# Who's Who in the Far East/Addenda/SHIMAJI, Mokurai

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​ SHIMAJI, Mokurai (TOKYO), Buddhist priest; I. Feb., 1837, at Suwo. As young man took part in religious reform in Japan; now advocate of female education and propagandist of Buddhist doctrines. Publications: " Fundamental Points of the Buddhist Sects," and other works. Address: Tokyo, Japan.
# Who's Who in the Far East/Addenda/SHIH-NIEN-TSU

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​ SHIH-NIEN-TSU (KUANGSI), Asst. Military Governor; native of Kiangsu. Taotai, Kansu, Feb., 1872; Judge Kansu, Feb., 1877; Judge, Yunnan, Oct., 18S4; Treasurer, Kueichou, Dec., 18S7; Judge, Yunnan, Sept., 1889; Governor, Kwangsi, July, 1895; cashiered, Oct., 1897; Dept. asst. Military Governor, famine relief duty in lower Manchuria, July, 1905.
# Who's Who in the Far East/Addenda/SHENG-YUN

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​ SHENG-YUN (SHENSI),Governor-General; native of Mongolia. Grain Taotai, Shensi, Feb, 1899; Judge, Shensi, May, 1900; Treasurer, Kansu, Sept., 1900; do., Shansi, Oct., 1900; do., Shensi, April, 1901; acting Governor, Shensi, April, 1901; do. June, 1901; Governor of Kiangsi, Dec., 1904 (did not proceed); Lieut -General, Chakar, January, 1905; Governor: General, Fukien, Feb., 1905; Governor-Genl., Shensi-Kansu,. April, 1905.
# Who's Who in the Far East/Addenda/SHIBA, Shiro

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​ SHIBA, Shiro (TOKYO); Publicist and Author; b. at Aizu, 1852.. Educ.: in America. Appointed Private Secretary to Minister of Agric. and Comm., 1886; Vice-Minister of same Dept., 1898; has frequently been elected to the Lower House. Publications:"Kazino-Kigu" a political novel, etc. Address: Tokyo, Japan. 366
# Who's Who in the Far East/Addenda/SHIBUSAWA, Baron Yei-ichi

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​ SHIBUSAWA, Baron Yei-ichi (TOKYO), Merchant; b. Mar., 1840, in Saitama-ken. Took service under Shogunate in its declining days and visited Europe, 1867-1868, in company with a Tokngawa Prince; on establishment of Imperial Government, was appointed to Treasury; resigned, 1873; founded 1st Bank, in 1873; Chairman cf Tokyo Chamber of Commerce from its inauguration, till 1905; created Baron, 1900. Address: Tokyo, Japan.
# Who's Who in the Far East/Addenda/SHIMODA, Utako

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​ SHIMODA, Utako (TOKYO), lady educationalist. Was in Japanese Government and Court service; founded a private girls' school, 1895; on founding of Peeress's School, was appointed instructor, and was promoted President of Peeress's Section, April, 1908 upon that institution being placed under the same management as the Peer's School; is noted for ability in composing sonnets. Address: Tokyo, Japan.
# Who's Who in the Far East/Addenda/SHOU-CH'I, Capt.-General

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​ SHOU-CH'I, Capt.-General (PEKING), native of Manchuria; Imperial Clansman; metrop. graduate, 1882, (Secundus.) Sub-Reader Hanlin; Expositor Hanlin, May, 1893; Chief Supervisor, Imperial Instruction, March, 1894: Sub-Chancellor, Grand Secretariat, Oct., 1894; acting Vice-Presdt., Board of Ceremonies, Sept., 1898; Vice-Presdt., Mongolian Superintendency, Sept., 1900; Deputy Lieut.-Ganeral, Plain White ​Banner Corps, Dec., 1900; do. Bordered Blue, Dec., 1904; Vice-Presdt, Civil Office, Feb., 1905; Presdt., of Censorate July, 1905; Capt.-Generai Bordered Red Mongol Banner Corps, Feb., 1906.
# Who's Who in the Far East/Addenda/SHOU-HSUN

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​ SHOU-HSUN (PEKING), Acting Vice-Presdt., Board of War; native of Mongolia. Tartar-General, Kirin, 1904; acting Senior Vice-Presdt, Board of War, 1905.
# Whom the Gods Destroyed

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "Whom the Gods Destroyed."
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* Whom the Gods Destroyed (1902), collection of short stories by Josephine Dodge Daskam Bacon
* "Whom the Gods Destroyed" (1902), short story by Josephine Dodge Daskam Bacon
# Wholesale Critic and Hop-Merchant

From Fables.
* The WHOLESALE CRITIC and the HOP-MERCHANT.
* FABLE I.
* Hail to each ancient sacred shade
* Of those, who gave the Muses aid,
* Skill'd verse mysterious to unfold,
* And set each brilliant thought in gold.
* 5 Hail Aristotle's honour'd shrine,
* And great Longinius hail to thine;
* Ye too, whose judgment ne'er cou'd fail,
* Hail Horace, and Quintilian hail;
* And, dread of every Goth and Hun,
* 10 Hail Pope, and peerless Addison.
* Alas! by different steps and ways
* Our modern critics aim at praise,
* And rashly in the learned arts,
* They judge by prejudice and parts;
* 15 For crampt by a contracted soul,
* How shou'd they comprehend the whole?
* I know of many a deep-learn'd brother,
* Who weighs one science by another,
* And makes 'mongst bards poetic schism,
* 20Because he understands the prism;
* Thinks in acuteness he surpasses,
* From knowledge of the optic glasses.
* There are some critics in the nation,
* Profoundly vers'd in gravitation;
* 25 Who like the bulky and the great,
* And judge by quantity and weight.
* Some who're extremely skill'd in building,
* Judge by proportion, form, and gilding,
* And praise with a sagacious look
* 30The architecture of a book.
* Soon as the hops arriv'd from Kent,
* Forth to the quay the merchant went,
* Went critically to explore
* The merit of the hops on shore.
* 35 Close to a bag he took his standing,
* And at a venture thrust his hand in;
* Then with the face of a physician,
* Their colour scann'd and their condition;
* He trusts his touch, his smell, his eyes,
* 40The goods at once approves and buys.
* Catchup so dextrous, droll, and dry,
* It happen'd Catchup there was by,
* Who like Iago, arch on all,
* Is nothing, if not critical.
* 45 He with a sneer and with a shrug,
* With eye of hawk, and face of pug,
* Cry'd; "fellow I admire thy fun,
* Thou most judiciously hast done,
* Who from one handful buyst ten ton.
* 50Does it not enter in thy crown,
* Some may be mouldy, some be brown;
* The vacancies with leaves supplied,
* And some half pick'd and some half dry'd?"
* The merchant, who Tom Catchup knew,
* 55 (A merchant and a scholar too)
* Said "what I've done is not absurd,
* I know my chap and take his word. —
* On thee, thou caviller at large,
* I here retort thy random charge;
* 60 Who, in an hypercritic rage,
* Judgest ten volumes by a page;
* Whose wond'rous comprehensive view
* Grasps more than Solomon e'er knew;
* With every thing you claim alliance,
* 65 Art, trade, profession, calling, science;
* You mete out all things by one rule,
* And are an universal fool.
* Tho' swoln with vanity and pride,
* You're but one driv'ller multiplied,
* 70A prig — that proves himself by starts,
* As many dolts — as there are arts." 17??

## Notes

Written: no information. Published posthumously. Text: 1791.
* ↑ O, gentle lady, do not put me to't, For I am nothing if not critical. Othello, Act. 2, scene 5 [1].
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Wissner v. Wissner

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Wikidata item.

## Dissenting Opinion

    Minton
United States Supreme Court
338 U.S. 655
Wissner v. Wissner
Argued: Dec. 6-7, 1949. --- Decided: Feb 6, 1950
See 339 U.S. 926, 70 S.Ct. 619.
Under the National Service Life Insurance Act providing that insured shall have right to designate beneficiaries of insurance and that payments to named beneficiary shall not be subject to attachment, levy, or seizure, etc., proceeds of policy wherein insured had designated his mother as beneficiary and his father as contingent beneficiary were payable to mother notwithstanding that premiums on policy were paid out of insured's army pay which was community property under law of insured's domicile, and judgment of state court to the contrary which also required that all future payments immediately upon receipt by beneficiary should be paid to insured's widow could not stand. 38 U.S.C.A. § 454a; National Service Life Insurance Act of 1940, § 602(g, i), 38 U.S.C.A. § 802(g, i).
Mr. Carlos J. Badger, Modesto, Cal., for appellants.
Mr. Leslie A. Cleary, Modesto, Cal., for appellee.
Mr. Morton Hollander, Washington, D.C., for the United States, as amicus curiae, by special leave of Court.
Mr. Justice CLARK delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Wisner v. Dodd

* related portals: United States Circuit Court for the Southern District of Ohio.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
2 F. 781 (C.C.S.D. Ohio 1880)
Wisner and others vs. Dodd.
(Circuit Court, S. D. Ohio.May, 1880.)
Final hearing on pleadings and proofs. Bill in equity on patent for an “improvement in horse hay rakes,” granted to J. H. Shireman, October 8, 1867, and re-issued to J. E. Wisner, as his assignee, December 11, 1877.
Wood & Boyd and L. Hill, for complainants.
Hatch & Stem and George Harding, for respondent.
Swayne, C. J.I have considered this case as far as my time would permit, and far enough and thoroughly enough to satisfy myself entirely as to the rights of the parties in interest.
I entertain no doubt, without going into the details, for I have not had time to do that—I entertain no doubt that Shireman was the first and original inventor, and first to use the ​ratchets and pawls and the revolving axle, in combination with the lifting wheel adapted for horse-rake purposes, and with the rake head, rake teeth and other auxiliaries of the horse-rake, in combination with these elements of the machine, and that that combination was not contained in any prior machine.
I think, also, that the prima facie proof, which the issuing of the patent itself affords, is to the point that the instrument thus made by that combination is one of much more than patentable utility. I think that there is much more than the element of mere patentable invention in it. I am inclined to think, from the testimony, that the combination is not only new, but that the result is a machine of very considerable value in the useful arts, that relate to agriculture. I therefore feel constrained to find in favor of the complainants.
I may also state, and I could not give such an opinion without coming to the further conclusion that I am about to announce, that under the circumstances of the case, and upon the facts disolosed by the record, the patent as re-issued is not, in fact, broader than is warranted by the prior patent of 1867.
Upon both grounds my judgment is with the complainants, and there being no serious controversy as to the infringement by the defendant, a decree will be made accordingly.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Wisniewski v. United States/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
United States Supreme Court
353 U.S. 901
Wisniewski v. United States
Argued: March 25, 1957. ---
Defendant was convicted of violation of 26 C.F.R. § 175.121, a Regulation promulgated by the Secretary of the Treasury under the authority of § 2871 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1939, 26 U.S.C.A. § 2871, and providing that:
'No liquor bottle shall be reused for the packaging of distilled spirits for sale, except as provided in § 175.63 (exceptions not here relevant), nor shall the original contents, or any portion of such original contents, remaining in a liquor bottle be increased by the addition of any substance.'
The Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit has certified to this Court the following question: 'Does the phrase 'any substance' as employed in 26 C.F.R., Section 175.121, 1952 Cumulative Pocket Supplement, include tax paid distilled spirits?'
It appears that the question certified by the Court of Appeals was decided by another panel of that court less than a year and a half before the present certification, on reviewing the dismissal of the indictment in this very case. United States v. Goldberg, 8 Cir., 225 F.2d 180. Because of the volume of business, all but two Circuits have more than three Circuit
problems when one panel has doubts about a previous decision by another panel of the same court. Whatever procedure a Court of Appeals follows to resolve these problems-and desirable judicial administration commends consistency at least in the more or less contemporaneous decisions of different panels of a Court of Appeals-doubt about the respect to be accorded to a previous decision of a different panel should not be the occasion for invoking so exceptional a jurisdiction of this Court as that on certification. It is primarily the task of a Court of Appeals to reconcile its internal difficulties. See In re Burwell, 350 U.S. 521, 76 S.Ct. 539, 100 L.Ed. 666; Western Pacific R. Corp. v. Western Pacific R. Co., 345 U.S. 247, 73 S.Ct. 656, 97 L.Ed. 986. It is also the task of a Court of Appeals to decide all properly presented cases coming before it, except in the rare instances, as for example the pendency of another case before this Court raising the same issue, when certification may be advisable in the proper administration and expedition of judicial business.
The certificate must be dismissed.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Wiswall v. Campbell

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
93 U.S. 347
Wiswall v. Campbell
MOTION to dismiss a writ of error to the Circuit Court of the United States for the Northern District of Illinois.
Mr. Lawrence Proudfoot in support of the motion.
Mr. John H. Thompson in opposition thereto.
MR. CHIEF JUSTICE WAITE delivered the opinion of the court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Wisner v. Brown

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
122 U.S. 214
Wisner v. Brown
S. S. Burdett, for plaintiff in error.
No appearance for defendants in error.
BRADLEY, J.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Wisniewski v. United States

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
353 U.S. 901
Wisniewski v. United States
Argued: March 25, 1957. ---
On certificate from the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth circuit.
Mr. Theodore H. Wangensteen, for Wisniewski.
PER CURIAM.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Woman of the Century/Mary Collins Whiting

​WHITING, Mrs. Mary Collins, lawyer and business woman, born in the township of York, Washtenaw county, Mich., 4th March, 1835. Her maiden name was Collins, and her parents, George and Phebe Collins, were New Englanders, who settled in Michigan in 1832. Her ancestry runs back to the Pilgrim Fathers. MARY COLLINS WHITING. She received a liberal education in the normal school and afterwards taught for several years. In 1854 she became the wife of Ralph C. Whiting, of Hartford, Conn., and they settled on a farm near Ann Arbor. Mich. She kept up her literary work, writing for local papers, and in 1885 she began to study law, mainly for the purpose of handling her large estate, of which she took entire control. She entered the law department of Ann Arbor University and was graduated in 1887. She soon afterwards began to practice, and she now has a large and lucrative business. She is one of the busiest women in Michigan. She possesses decision of character in a marked degree.