OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Eubanks v. Louisiana

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* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
356 U.S. 584
Eubanks v. Louisiana
Argued: April 30 and May 1, 1958. --- Decided: May 26, 1958
Mr. Herbert J. Garon, New Orleans, La., for petitioner.
Mr. M. E. Culligan, New Orleans, La., for respondent.
Mr. Justice BLACK delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Ettelson v. Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

United States Supreme Court
317 U.S. 188
Ettelson v. Metropolitan Life Insurance Company
Argued: Nov. 12, 13, 1942. --- Decided: Dec 7, 1942
Mr. Conover English, of Newark, N.J., for Metropolitan Life ins. co.
Messrs. Arthur T. Vanderbilt, of Newark, N.J., and Jack Rinzler, of Passaic, N.J., for Adrian Ettelson and others.
Mr. Justice ROBERTS delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Eubank v. City of Richmond

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* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
226 U.S. 137
Eubank v. City of Richmond
Argued: November 12 and 13, 1912. --- Decided: December 2, 1912
Mr. S. S. P. Patteson for plaintiff in error.
Mr. H. R. Pollard for defendant in error.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 138-140 intentionally omitted]
Mr. Justice McKenna delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Etienne de la Boéce

I serve you not, if you I follow
* Etienne de la Boéce in Poems (1847)
* Étienne de la Boéce in Poems (Household Edition, 1904)
# Ettor v. Tacoma

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
228 U.S. 148
Ettor v. Tacoma
Argued: December 6, 1912. --- Decided: April 7, 1913
Messrs. Stanton Warburton, John M. Boyle, E. B. Brockway, and C. M. Boyle for plaintiffs in error.
Messrs. Heman H. Field, George W. Korte, and T. L. Stiles for defendants in error.
Mr. Justice Lurton delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period/Ts'ao Jung

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​TS'AO Jung 曹溶 (T. 潔躬, 鑒躬, H. 秋嶽, 倦圃, 鉏菜翁, 金陀老人), 1613–1685, scholar and official, was a native of Hsiu-shui, Chekiang. He became a chin-shih in 1637 and served as a censor at the close of the Ming dynasty. With the change of dynasties in 1644 he was given the same office under the new regime. In 1655 he became vice-president of the Board of Revenue and in the same year lieutenant-governor of Kwangtung. After he had retired from official life he was recommended to take the special examination known as po-hsüeh hung-tz'ŭ of 1679 (see under P'êng Sun-yü), but declined the honor. As a bibliophile he was interested in assembling the collected works of literary men of the Sung and Yüan dynasties. A catalogue of these works appears in the 觀古堂書目叢刻 Kuan-ku t'ang shu-mu ts'ung k'o of 1902, under the title 靜惕堂宋元人集目 Ching-t'i t'ang Sung Yüan jên chi mu. According to this list, Ts'ao Jung owned 196 collected works of Sung authors and 139 of Yüan authors. The catalogue of his library as a whole, entitled Ching-t'i t'ang shu-mu (書目), is preserved in manuscript in the Kuohsüeh Library, Nanking. From his library he personally selected a number of titles which were brought together in the famous ts'ung-shu known as 學海類編 Hsüeh-hai lei-pien, or "Classified Anthology from the Ocean of Learning." This ts'ung-shu was enlarged by a pupil, T'ao Yüeh 陶越 (T. 艾村), and in its present form comprises 440 monographs. It was not printed until 1831—a reprint appeared from the Commercial Press in 1920. Ts'ao Jung achieved some distinction as a poet, and in this field his name is often linked with that of Kung Ting-tzŭ [q. v.]. His collected verse, Ching-t'i t'ang shih-chi (詩集), 44 chüan, was first printed in 1725. The Ssŭ-k'u Catalogue (see under Chi Yün) has critical notices of eight works attributed to him.
[2/78/51b; 30/3/7a; 32/4/8b; Chekiang t'ung-chih (1812) 179/14a; Chekiang, Kashing fu-chih (1878) 52/49a; Ts'ang-shu chi-shih shih (see under P'an Tsu-yin) 4/11b; Wang Shih-chên [q. v.], Ch'ih-pei ou-t'an (1701) 16/10b asserts that Ts'ao's library contained the collected writings of 180 Sung authors and of 115 Yüan authors.]
Tu Lien-chê
# Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period/Ts'ui Tzŭ-chung

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​TS'UI Tzŭ-chung 崔子忠, also named Ts'ui Tan 丹, (T. 道母, H. 青蚓), c. 1595–c. 1644, Ming artist, was a native of Lai-yang, Shantung, but registered as a licentiate of Shun-t'ien prefecture and lived in Peking. He achieved fame as a painter and was recognized as the equal of his contemporary, Ch'ên Hung-shou [q. v.]—the two being often referred to as "Ch'ên of the South and Ts'ui of the North" (南陳北崔 Nan Ch'ên pei Ts'ui). Although very poor, he refused assistance from most of his acquaintances, and would not paint for people whom he disliked. When Li Tzŭ-ch'êng took Peking in 1644 Ts'ui went to live in an obscure quarter of the city where, according to some accounts, he starved to death. Some of his paintings are preserved in the Palace Museum, Peiping.
[Shun-t'ien-fu chih (1884) 98/43a; 1/509/2a; 7/44/9b; 26/1/9a; L.T.C.L.H.M. 258b; Waley, Index of Chinese Artists, p. 88.]
Fang Chao-ying
# Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period/Ts'ê-lêng

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​TS'Ê-lêng. See under Tsereng.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Jackson (Michigan)

See also Jackson, Michigan on Wikipedia; the 11th edition; and the disclaimer.
JACKSON, chief city of Jackson county, Michigan, U.S., is situated on the Grand river, about 75 miles west of Detroit. The city is paved and lighted with gas, and several of the buildings are very handsome. It is the seat of the large State penitentiary. The commercial interests of the city are fostered by its position on no fewer than six railways; and its manufactures are assisted by the water power, afforded by the river, which flows through the town, and is spanned by an iron bridge. Jackson manfactures fire-clay goods, railway and other carriages, chemicals, agricultural implements, &c., and has foundries, planing-mills, and flour-mills. The presence of bituminous coal in the neighbourhood affords additional stimulus to trade; and the surrounding country is fertile. A business college and a system of graded schools are among the educational resources of the city. Population in 1870, 11,447; in 1880, 16,105.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Iowa City

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IOWA CITY, the capital of Johnson County, Iowa, and till 1857 the seat of the State Government, is situated on the Iowa river, and on the Chicago, Rock Island, and Pacific Railroad, 130 miles east of Des Moines. It is the seat of the State university, which since 1857 has been open to both sexes, and holds a high position among western colleges, both as regards methods of study and the number of students in attendance. The population, which in 1870 was 5914, numbered 7123 in 1880.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Jacksonville (Illinois)

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JACKSONVILLE, the chief city of Morgan county, Illinois, U.S., on Mauvaiseterre Creek, a tributary of the Illinois river, is situated at the intersection of several railways, about 200 miles S.S.W. of Chicago. Its streets are wide and generally well shaded. The public buildings include State institutions for the blind, the feeble minded, the deaf and dumb, and the insane. Among the educational institutions, which are numerous, are Illinois College, three colleges for women, and a conservatory of of music. There is also a free library, with reading-room. The population in 1880 was 10,928.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Jackson (Mississippi)

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JACKSON, capital of the State of Mississippi, U.S., and chief city of Hinds county, is pleasantly situated on the right
bank of the Pearl river, about 180 miles north of New Orleans, with which it is connected by rail. The city is fairly well built; the chief buildings are the State capitol, the State penitentiary, and the institutions for the blind and for the deaf and dumb. One mile distant is the lunatic asylum. There are several good schools, and a State library of 15,000 volumes. The chief trade is in cotton, the average export being about 30,000 bales a year. Foundries and a factory for sashes and doors are among the manufactories of the place. Population in 1870, 4234; in 1880, 5205.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Jackson (Tennessee)

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JACKSON, chief city of Madison county, Tennessee, U.S., is situated on the Forked Deer river, about 70 miles north-east of Memphis. Its chief trade is in cotton, of which many thousand bales are exported annually. Jackson has flour and planing mills, and manufactories of railway and other carriages, besides smaller industries. Of its several educational institutions the chief is West Tennessee college, founded in 1844, which had in 1874-75 four professors and one hundred students. The South western Baptist university was opened in 1875. The population in 1880 numbered 5371.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Jacksonville (Florida)

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JACKSONVILLE, the chief city in Duval county, Florida, U.S., and the largest in the State, is situated on the west bank of the St John's river, 25 miles from the sea. The city is regularly built. The streets, many of which are pleasantly shaded with trees, are laid out on the common American rectangular system. Jacksonville exports very large quantities of lumber, besides fruit, cotton, sugar, and fish, and carries on a coasting trade with Charleston, Savannah, and St Augustine. The fine salubrious climate attracts numerous visitors and invalids from the northern States. Jacksonville, which owes its name to President Jackson was laid out as a town in 1822. In 1880 its population was 7650.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Jacob Ayrer

See also Jakob Ayrer on Wikipedia; Jacob Ayrer on Wikipedia, Ayrer in the 11th edition; and the disclaimer.
​Ayrer, Jacob, one of the earliest dramatists of Germany, was born in 1560, probably at Nuremberg,—at least he resided there when a mere boy. His first occupation was keeping an iron-store, which he did with considerable success. After studying law for some time at Bamberg, where he attained a good position as a lawyer, he returned to Nuremberg, and continued to practise there, acquiring the freedom of the city in 1594, and ultimately becoming an imperial notary. He died 26th March 1605. Ayrer's works consist of numerous small poems, and of the series of dramas on which his fame rests. Like other dramas of the time, his productions are, for the most part, spectacular displays, with laboured dialogue, and vary in length from five to twenty-eight acts. The plots are plainly taken from the Latin and Italian tales which supplied material to nearly all the early European dramatists. The chief interest of Ayrer's works for English readers arise from their connection with Shakespeare. Ayrer adopted several of Shakespeare's plots, as well as his method of representing the characters on the stage after life, "and so produced," says his editor, "according to the new English manner and art, that all can be personally acted and placed so that it shall seem to the spectators to be really happening." In Ayrer's time the dramatic spirit in England was strong, and good plays and players abounded. Some of the latter took circuits through Germany, and though performing in their native tongue, excited enthusiasm by their vivacity. Ayrer caught this enthusiasm, and adapted several of the English dramas to the German stage. The Opus Theatricum, in one folio volume of 1262 pages, was published posthumously in 1618. It contained thirty plays and thirty-six carnival interludes. A second volume to contain forty more, though promised, did not appear. Of the comedies and tragedies of Ayrer, six have been reproduced with an English translation in Cohn's Shakespeare in Germany. These contain respectively plots resembling The Tempest, Much Ado about Nothing, The Two Gentlemen of Verona, Titus Andronicus, Romeo and Juliet, and Hamlet. In 1601, a comic prose work by Ayrer was published, giving an account of an Imaginary Suit of the Devil against Jesus Christ for Destroying Hell. Some of his plays were published prior to 1585, but these are not now to be had, and even the folio of 1618 is extremely rare. Further information about Ayrer may be gained from Tieck's Deutsches Theater, vol. i.; Wolff's Encyc. der Deutschen Nationalliteratur, vol. i.; Cohn's Shakespeare in Germany; Dr Bell's Shakespeare's Puck, and his Folklore; Dr Latham's Two Dissertations on "Hamlet;" W. J. Thorn's Three Notelets on Shakespeare.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Isaac Taylor

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TAYLOR, Isaac (1787–1865), a voluminous writer on philosophical and theological subjects, was born at Lavenham, Suffolk, in 1787, and was trained by his father to be an artist, but early adopted literature as a profession. From 1824, the year of his marriage, he lived a busy but uneventful life at Ongar, in the parish of Stanford Rivers, Essex, where he died on June 28, 1865.
He early became a contributor to the Eclectic Review, when it was conducted by Robert Hall and John Foster, and in 1822 he published a small volume entitled Elements of Thought. This was followed by a translation of Theophrastus with original etchings, a History of the Transmission of Ancient Books to Modern Times, Memoirs and Correspondence of Jane Taylor (his sister, who died in 1824), and a translation of Herodotus. None of these works attained very great popularity; but in 1829 he published anonymously a work bearing upon the religious and political problems of the day, entitled The Natural History of Enthusiasm, which was eagerly read and speedily ran through eight or nine editions. The success of this publication encouraged him to produce, also anonymously, The Natural History of Fanaticism, Spiritual Despotism, Saturday Evening, and The Physical Theory of Another Life, all of which commanded a large circulation. Among his subsequent works may be mentioned Ancient Christianity, a series of dissertations in reply to the "Tracts for the Times," a volume entitled The Restoration of Belief, and a course of lectures on The Spirit of Hebrew Poetry.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Ippolito Rosellini

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​ ROSELLINI, Ippolito (1800-1843), a native of Pisa and subsequently professor there of Oriental languages, in which Mezzofanti was his teacher, is best known as the associate of J. F. Champollion (q.v.), whose studies he shared and whom he accompanied in his Egyptian explorations (1828). On the death of Champollion the publication of the results of their expedition fell to Rosellini (Monumenti dell' Egitto e della Nubia, Florence, 1832-1840, 10 vols. fol.).
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Timor Laut

See also Tanimbar Islands on Wikipedia; Timor Laut in the 11th Edition; and the disclaimer.
TIMOR LAUT ("Seaward Timor"), called also Tenimber, an insular group in the East Indian Archipelago, forming the central and largest link in a double chain of islands which stretches from Timor through Kei and Aru to New Guinea. It lies nearly midway between Timor and Aru, and forms, not one continuous mass, as used to be supposed, but a group of three large islands, Yamdena in the centre, separated by Wallace Channel from Larat in the north and by Egeron Strait from Selaru in the south, besides a cluster or chain of islets on the west and north sides. From one of these the name Tenimber appears to have been extended to the whole group, which stretches for about 100 miles south-west and north-east, nearly parallel with Timor, from which, however, it differs altogether in its physical constitution. H. O. Forbes, who surveyed Wallace Channel and the northern districts in 1882, describes it as a low coralline group seldom rising above 100 feet, except at Egeron Strait, where the cliffs are 400 feet high, and at Laibobar, apparently a volcanic islet on the west side, which has an extinct crater 2000 feet high. There are no streams, and the poor soil, covered with a typically coral island flora, yields little beyond maize the staple food manioc, sweet potatoes, tobacco, some sugar-cane, cotton, and a little rice. The fauna includes buffaloes in a wild state, a marsupial cuscus, some bats, the beautiful scarlet lory, new or rare varieties of the ground-thrush, honey-eater, and oriole. The birds seem to have come mainly from New Guinea, the insects from Timor, and a few of both from Australia.
The aborigines are evidently Papuans, with a language like that of the Kei Islanders; but there is a large intermingling of Malayan and perhaps Indonesian elements. They are a fine race, often over 6 feet, and, like all Papuans, noted for their artistic sense, which is shown especially in their wood and ivory carvings. In other respects they are pagans in a low state of culture, mostly divided into hostile communities and addicted to piracy. The group belongs to the Dutch, who have a "post-holder" stationed at Ritabel on the west coast of Larat, a trading station of the Bughis from Celebes.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Timotheus (2.)

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TIMOTHEUS, a celebrated Greek musician and poet, was a native of Miletus, and died, according to the Parian marble, in 357 or 356, at the age of ninety. He added one or more strings (the number is uncertain) to the lyre, whereby he incurred the displeasure of the conservative Spartans. The few fragments of his poems are collected by Bergk in his Poetæ Lyrici Græci.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Tinnevelli (1.)

See also Tirunelveli district on Wikipedia; Tinnevelli in the 11th Edition; and the disclaimer.
In 1881 the population numbered 1,699,747 (males 825,887, females 873,860), of whom 1,468,977 were Hindus, 89,767 Mohammedans, and 140,946 Christians. Tinnevelli has twelve towns with over 10,000 inhabitants each, viz., TINNEVELLI (see below); Srivilliputur, 18,256; Palamcotta, 17,964; Tuticorin, 16,281; Kulase Kharapatnam, 14,972; Sivagiri, 13,632; Viravanallur, 12,318; Kajapalayam, 12,021; Tenkasi, 11,987; Kayalpatnam, 11,806; Kalladakiirchi, 10,936; and Sivakasi, 10,833. Out of the total area of 5381 square miles 1403 are uncultivable waste. In 1885-86 cereals, chiefly rice and spiked millet or kambu, the staple food of the district, occupied 842,741 acres, pulses 192,341, oil seeds 78,127, and cotton 206,717. The total area of forest is roughly estimated at 1500 square miles. Tuticorin is the only port of any importance. The chief exports are cotton, coffee, jaggery, chillies, &c.; sheep, horses, cattle, and poultry are also sent to Ceylon. There is a considerable inland trade with Travancore. The pearl fishery on the coast is now unimportant. Coastal navigation is dangerous. In 1885-86 the total revenue of the district was 365,744, of which the land-tax yielded 305,850.
The early history of Tinnevelli is mixed up with that of Madura and Travancore. Down to 1781 it is a confused tale of anarchy and bloodshed. In that year the nawab of Arcot assigned the revenues to the East India Company, whose officers then undertook the internal administration of affairs. Several risings subsequently took place, and in 1801 the whole Carnatic, including Tinnevelli, was ceded to the British. Tinnevelli is now the most Christian district of all India, both Roman Catholic and Protestant.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Timothy

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TIMOTHY, or Timotheus (Acts xvi. 1, xvii. 14, &c.), a Lycaonian, the son of a Gentile father but of a Jewish mother, Eunice (2 Tim. i. 5), became a disciple of Paul at the time of his visit to Derbe and Lystra, and in deference to Jewish feeling was circumcised. He accompanied the apostle on many of his journeys, and was employed by him on important missions (1 Thess. iii. 2; 1 Cor. iv. 17, xvi. 10). His name is associated with that of Paul in the opening salutations of both epistles to the Thessalonians, the second epistle to the Corinthians, and those to the Philippians and Colossians. He was therefore with Paul at Rome. At a later date he is mentioned in Heb. xiii. 23 as having undergone imprisonment but been released. For the epistles of Paul to Timothy, see PASTORAL EPISTLES (vol. xviii. p. 348). On the basis of them he is tradition ally represented as bishop of Ephesus, and tradition also tells that he suffered under Domitian. His martyrdom is celebrated on 24th January. The apocryphal Acta Timothei (Greek and Latin) have been edited by Usener (Bonn, 1877); compare Lipsius, Apokr. Apostelgeschichten, ii. 2 (1884).
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Tinghae

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TINGHAE.See Chusan.