OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Leisten

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Leisten. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Leisten, Leiste, masculine, from the equivalent Middle High German leist, masculine, ‘last’; Old High German leist (neuter?), ‘forma.’ Corresponding to Anglo-Saxon lâst, lœ̂st, masculine, ‘footprint, track, forma,’ English last, Gothic laists, masculine, ‘track, goal,’ with the facts mentioned under leisten, indicate that ‘footprint’ is the originally meaning of the High German and English words; this is probably an important fact in the history of the word. It is true that Old Icelandic leistr, masculine, signifies ‘foot,’ and ‘short stocking, sock.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Leinen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Leinen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Leinen, neuter, ‘linen,’ properly a neuter adjective used as a substantive, Middle High German lînen, lînîn, ‘(of) linen.’ It is based on Middle High German lîn, masculine, ‘flax, linen, linen garment,’ Old High German and Old Saxon lîn, neuter, Gothic lein, neuter, ‘linen.’ In this case, as in that of Hanf, it is doubtful whether the term (common Teutonic lîna-) is cognate with or borrowed from the similarly sounding words in Latin and Greek. If the Teutonic word is really borrowed, the relation of the consonants proves that Hanf was known to the Teutons previous to the permutation of consonants, i.e., long before our era; the same may be said of lîna-, ‘flax,’ since Pliny and Tacitus testify that linen was used among the Teutons when they wrote. Perhaps we may regard Scythian as the source of the cognates, as is indicated by the absence of the word among the Eastern Aryans. Compare Latin lînum, Greek λίνο-ν, Old Slovenian lĭnŭ, Lithuanian linaì, ‘flax’; λῖ- was retained in the dative λῖ-τί, plural λῖ-τα, hence the root of lînum, λίνον, is lī̆- and no, the suffix. Compare Leilachen and Leine. —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Leinwand

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Leinwand. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Leinwand, feminine, is a Modern High German corruption of Middle High German lînwât, feminine, ‘linen,’ connecting it with High German Gewand. The old wât (Old High German and Middle High German) has become obsolete in Modern High German; like Anglo-Saxon wœ̂d, ‘garment,’ it is allied to a lost Aryan root, wê, ‘to weave.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Leis

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Leis. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Leis, masculine, ‘canticle,’ borrowed from Middle High German and early Modern High German leis, leise, masculine, ‘spiritual song,’ shortened from kĭrléise. Kyrie eleison was the refrain of hymns.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Leiste

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Leiste. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Leiste (1.), feminine, ‘list, border, selvage,’ from Middle High German lîste, Old High German lîsta, feminine, ‘long strip, edge, lace, list’; compare Anglo-Saxon lîst, feminine, English list; Icelandic lísta (lĭsta?), feminine, ‘border, strip’; in the non-Teutonic languages there are no cognates. Note, however, the words borrowed in Romance Italian lista, French liste, ‘strip, lace.’
Leiste (2.), feminine, ‘groin,’ Modern High German only, probably not connected with the preceding word, but with Gothic *laistô, feminine. The latter is indicated also by English last (dialectic), ‘groin.’ The equivalent Anglo-Saxon leósca, Middle English lêske, Modern Dutch liesche, Old Swedish liuske, Danish lŷske, diverge too widely in sound from the High German form; the attempt to connect it with Middle Latin laisius, ‘lap’ (Lex Salica), is also dubious.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Schuld

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Schuld. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Schuld, feminine, ‘debt, crime, guilt,’ from Middle High German schult (d) and schulde. Old High German sculd, sculda, feminine, ‘obligation, debt, culpability, sin’; compare Old Saxon sculd, feminine, ‘debt, culpability, sin’; Anglo-Saxon sčyld, ‘guilt, sin.’ An old verbal abstract from the root skal, which appears also in Lithuanian skolà, ‘guilt,’ skìlti, ‘to get into debt,’ and skelěti, ‘to be indebted,’ as well as in Prussian skallisnan, ‘duty’; Latin scelus does not appear to be connected with it.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Schuppe

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Schuppe. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Schuppe, feminine, ‘scale (of fish, &c.),’ from the equivalent Middle High German schuoppe (schuope, schuppe), masculine, Old High German scuoppa, feminine. Compare Dutch schob, ‘scale’; a derivative of the Teutonic root skab (skôb), ‘to shave, scrape.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Schuh

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Schuh. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Schuh, masculine, ‘shoe,’ from the equivalent Middle High German schuoch (h), Old High German scuoh, masculine; a common Teutonic word; compare the equivalent Old Saxon skôh, Dutch schoen, Anglo-Saxon sčęôh, English shoe, Old Icelandic skór, Gothic skôhs, masculine, which point to primitively Teutonic skôha-, skôhwa-, from pre-Teutonic *skõqos. A pre-Teutonic verbal root skē̆q (skō̆q) appears in Gothic skêwjan, Old Icelandic skœ́va, ‘to go,’ and in schicken; hence Schuh, ‘walking gear’?. See further Schuster.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Schulter

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Schulter. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Schulter, feminine, ‘shoulder,’ from the equivalent Middle High German schulter, Old High German scultarra, feminine, corresponding to Dutch schouder, Anglo-Saxon sculdor, English shoulder, Danish skulder, Swedish skuldra. This undoubtedly genuine Teutonic word is wanting in Gothic; its origin is obscure.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Schulz

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Schulz. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Schulz, see the preceding word.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Schuhu

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Schuhu. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Schuhu, masculine, ‘horned owl,’ Modern High German only, borrowed from French chouette (Italian ciovetta), ‘screech-owl,’ and influenced by Uhu, ‘horned owl.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Schupf

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Schupf. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Schupf, masculine, ‘push, jerk,’ from Middle High German schupf, masculine, ‘swing, rocking movement,’ allied to Middle High German schupfen, ‘to waver,’ Old High German scupfa, ‘see-saw’; intensive forms of schieben.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Schultheiß

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Schultheiß. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Schultheiß, masculine, ‘chief magistrate,’ from Middle High German schultheiȥe (schultheitze), masculine, ‘he who assigns duties, judge,’ Old High German scultheiȥô, scultheitzo, masculine, ‘tribunus, praefectus, centurio.’ It is remarkable that “this term, purely judicial in its etymological origin, should have been transferred to captains of an army” in Old High German, and “that this judicial term does not appear in the older laws, except in the Lombardic, although it has been diffused from the Middle Ages till the present day throughout the greatest part of Germany.” Compare Low German schulte, from schuldhete, Dutch schout (from scholdhete), ‘village magistrate,’ Frisian skeldata, skelta; Anglo-Saxon sčyldhœ̂ta; the compound is wanting in Gothic. The Modern High German form Schulze (also as a proper name; compare Low German Schulte) is based on Middle High German schuldheize (as well as -heiȥe), Old High German schuldheizo (as well as -heiȥo), and ultimately on Gothic *haitja (tj produces tz, but ti changes into ȥi, see Grüße, Weizen).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Schund

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Schund. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Schund, masculine, ‘offal, refuse, excrement,’ Modern High German only, recently derived from schinden. Originally perhaps ‘filth of the sewer.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Schule

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Schule. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Schule, feminine, ‘school,’ from Middle High German schuole, feminine, ‘school, university,’ Old High German scuola, feminine, ‘school’; compare Dutch school, Anglo-Saxon scôl (scôlu), English school (Old Icelandic skôle, ‘school,’ is of English origin). Borrowed at the same period as the ecclesiastical words from Latin scôla, as pronounced in Romance scôla (with regard to Latin ŏ see prüfen); compare Brief, Dom, and Priester. —
# Ambler v. Whipple

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
87 U.S. 546
Ambler v. Whipple

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Ambition cannot find him

Ambition cannot find him. Affection doesn't know How many leagues of nowhere Lie between them now.
Yesterday, undistinguished! Eminent Today For our mutual honor, Immortality!
# Ambler v. Eppinger

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
137 U.S. 480
Ambler v. Eppinger
James Lowndes, for plaintiffs in error.
H. Bisbee, for defendant in error.
Mr. Justice FIELD, after stating the facts as above, delivered the opinion of the court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Ambler v. Choteau

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
107 U.S. 586
Ambler v. Choteau
S. S. Henkle and O. D. Barrett, for appellant.
P. Phillips and W. Hallett Phillips, for appellees.
WAITE, C. J.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Achterwasser

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Achterwasser. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Achterwasser, ‘back-water.’ See under After.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Affe

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Affe. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Affe, masculine, ‘ape, monkey,’ from the equivalent Middle High German affe, Old High German affo, masculine; also in Old High German the feminine forms affa, affin, affinna, ‘female ape.’ A word common to the Teutonic group, unrecorded by chance in Gothic alone, in which, by inference from Old Icelandic ape, Anglo-Saxon apa, English ape (whence Irish and Gaelic apa), Dutch aap, the form must have been *apa. Facts and not linguistic reasons lead to the conclusion that apan- is a primitive loanword with which Old Russian opica, Old Bohemian opice, is connected, and through commercial intercourse reached the Teutons by some unknown route. On account of the assonance it is very often referred, without sufficient reason, to Sanscrit kapi (Greek κῆπος), ‘ape’; at all events, it is certain that no word for Affe common to the Aryan, or even to the West Aryan, group does exist.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Ader

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Ader. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Ader, feminine, ‘vein,’ from Middle High German âder, Old High German âdara, feminine, ‘vein, sinew,’ corresponding to Middle Low German ader, ‘vein, sinew,’ Dutch ader, Anglo-Saxon œ̂dre, feminine, ‘vein’ (rarely êðr), Old Swedish aþra, Modern Swedish ådra; also without the derivative r, Old Icelandic œ̂ðr (the r is simply a nominative suffix), feminine, ‘vein;’ the Gothic cognate êþ is not found. The pre-Teutonic êt- has been connected with Greek ἥτορ, ‘heart,’ ἦτρον, ‘abdomen,’ and here it must be recollected that Middle High German and Middle Low German âder in the plural may signify ‘bowels.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Adler

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Adler. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Adler, masculine, ‘eagle,’ from Middle High German adel-ar (also adel-arn), masculine; prop, a compound, ‘noble bird of prey.’ It is noteworthy that Aar in Modern High German is the nobler term, while Adler serves as the name for the species without any consciousness of its origin from Adel and Aar. Old High German *adal-aro appears by chance not to be recorded. Corresponds to Dutch adelaar (besides arend).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Aft

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Aft. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Aft, masculine, ‘bough, branch,’ from the equivalent Middle High German and Old High German ast, masculine, ‘branch,’ corresponding to the equivalent Gothic asts. The term is unknown to the other dialects, yet its great antiquity is incontestable because of the agreement of Teutonic astaz (a permutation of the pre-Teutonic ozdos; compare Mast, and the examples cited there of the permutation of the Aryan zd, sd, to Teutonic st) with Greek ὄζος (ὄσθοε), ‘branch, twig, knot, node (of a tree)’; the latter with Armenian ost, ‘branch,’ is likewise based upon osdos. The meanings of the Greek word admit the supposition of its being allied to Middle Low German ôst (Low German aust), Dutch oest, Anglo-Saxon ôst, ‘knot, node’ (Aryan stem ôsdo-).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Acht

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Acht. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Acht, feminine, ‘outlawry, ban,’ from Middle High German âhte, œhte, feminine, ‘pursuit, proscription, outlawry, ban’; Old High German âhta (Anglo-Saxon ôht), feminine, ‘hostile pursuit.’ Gothic *âhtjan. ‘to pursue,’ is wanting. Compare Old Saxon âhtian, Anglo-Saxon êhtan (from anhtjan), ‘to pursue.’ Teutonic *añhtian, ‘to pursue,’ and *anhtô, ‘pursuit,’ seem to be based on a non-dental root, which is perhaps connected with the cognates of eng (Aryan root angh).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Acker

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Acker. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Acker, masculine, ‘field, arable land,’ from the equivalent Middle High German acker, Old High German acchar (ahhar), masculine; a common Teutonic and Old Aryan word corresponding to Gothic akrs, masculine, Anglo-Saxon œcer, English acre (aker), Dutch akker, Old Saxon akkar. Teutonic *akra-z, masculine, from pre-Teutonic agro-s; compare Sanscrit ájra-s, masculine, ‘pasture-ground, plain, common,’ Greek ἀγρός, Latin ager (stem agro-), ‘field.’ It is certainly connected with the Indian root aj, ‘to drive' (compare Trift, allied to treiben), Latin ago, Greek ἄγω, to which in Old Icelandic aka, ‘to drive,’ was allied. “Thus âjra- signifies in the widest sense ‘field and common,’ originally as ‘pasture-land,’ the greatest part of which, when tillage supplanted the rearing of cattle, was used for crops.” The transition in meaning was, probably, completed on the migration of the Western Aryans to Europe; moreover, the root ar, ‘to plough, till,’ is West Aryan; compare Greek ἀρόω, Latin arare, Gothic arjan, Old High German erian, Old Bulgarian orati, ‘to plough.’ See Art.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Affolter

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Affolter. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Affolter, masculine, ‘apple-tree.’ See Apfel.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Adebar

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Adebar. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Adebar, masculine (Holland, ooijevaar), a Low German name for the stork, Middle Low German odevare, Middle High German odebar, Old High German odobëro (in Old German times the term was, moreover, prevalent in Germany). No certain explanation of the word can be given; it is most frequently interpreted as ‘bringer of children, of good luck' (compare Allod). Respecting the Low German vowel-sounds see Aberglaube.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Adel

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Adel. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Adel, masculine, ‘nobility,’ from Middle High German adel, masculine, neuter, ‘lineage, noble lineage, noble rank, perfection,’ Old High German adal, neuter (and edili, neuter), ‘lineage, especially noble lineage’; corresponding to Old Saxon aðali, neuter, ‘body of nobles, notables, nobility,’ Dutch adel, Anglo-Saxon œðelu, neuter plural, ‘noble birth,’ Old Icelandic aƀal, ‘disposition, talent, lineage.’ In Gothic the stem ​aþ (by gradation ôþ) is wanting; to it belong Old High German uodil, neuter, ‘patrimony, home’ (Modern High German Ulrich, from Old High German Uodalrîch or Uhland, from Uodal-lant), Old Saxon ôðil, Anglo-Saxon éðel, masculine, ‘patrimony, home.’ Hence the fundamental idea of the Teutonic root aþ, by gradation ôþ (from Aryan ăt), seems to be ‘by transmission, inheritance.’ The aristocratic tinge evinced by the West Teutonic cognates is not remarkable when we consider the early period; only the patrician had a ‘family’; genealogies of nobles (in old documents) reach back to the Old Teutonic period; the names beginning with Adel are primitive, Alfons, influenced by Romance from Old High German Adalfuns, Adalheid, Adalberaht, Adolf, from Atha-ulf; also the derivative Old High German Adalung. See too Adler, edel.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/baf! baff! paff!

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry baf! baff! paff!. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ baf! baff! paff! onomatopoetic term for the report of a gun; first occurs in Modern High German. Allied to Modern High German bäffen, ‘to bark,’ from Middle High German baffen, beffen; compare Middle English baffen, English to beff; of recent onomatopoetic origin.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/bald

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry bald. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ bald, adverb, ‘soon, nearly, quickly,’ based upon an Old Teutonic adjective which signified ‘quick, bold, brave’; Gothic balþs, ‘bold,’ preserved only in derivatives, Anglo-Saxon beald (with the change of þ after l to d, compare Wald, falten), English bold, Old Icelandic ballr, ‘bold, impudent, audacious’; also Old Icelandic baldr, Anglo-Saxon bealdor, ‘prince,’ whence the name of the god Balder. In High German the meaning tended towards ‘bold, quick’; Old High German and Old Low German bald, Middle High German balt (genitive baldes). ‘bold, zealous, quick’; compare Italian baldo, ‘bold.’ The development of meaning of the Old High German adverb baldo, Middle High German balde, is thus ‘boldly, — quickly, — immediately.’ The abstract Bälde, which is connected with it, meant literally ‘boldness,’ like Gothic balþei and Old High German baldî; Middle High German belde, ‘audacity’; the meaning of the Modern High German substantive is based immediately on the adverb. To this word are allied proper names like Balduin, as well as French Baudouin (applied to the ass).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/balgen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry balgen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ balgen, verb, literally ‘to talk angrily, quarrel,’ then ‘to cudgel’; derived from the verbal root belg, ‘to swell out,’ discussed under Balg; compare Old High German bëlgan, Middle High German bëlgen, meaning ‘to be angry.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/außer

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry außer. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ außer, adverb and preposition, ‘except, unless, apart from, without,’ from Middle High German ûȥer, Old High German ûȥar, preposition, ‘out — here’; corresponds to Old Saxon ûlar.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/babbeln

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry babbeln. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ babbeln, see pappeln.