# A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi and Jonah

The International Critical Commentary.
A
CRITICAL AND EXEGETICAL COMMENTARY
ON
HAGGAI, ZECHARIAH MALACHI AND JONAH
by
HINCKLEY G. MITCHELL, D.D. JOHN MERLIN POWIS SMITH, Ph.D. JULIUS A. BEWER, Ph.D.
EDINBURGH T. & T. CLARK, 38 GEORGE STREET
PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN BY
MORRISON AND GIBB LIMITED
FOR
T. & T. CLARK, EDINBURGH
NEW YORK: CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS
| First printed | 1912 |
| Second impression | 1937 |
| Third impression | 1951 |
CONTENTS
| | | | | PAGE |
| PREFACE | PREFACE | PREFACE | PREFACE | v |
| ABBREVIATIONS | ABBREVIATIONS | ABBREVIATIONS | ABBREVIATIONS | xi |
| I. A COMMENTARY ON HAGGAI AND ZECHARIAH | I. A COMMENTARY ON HAGGAI AND ZECHARIAH | I. A COMMENTARY ON HAGGAI AND ZECHARIAH | I. A COMMENTARY ON HAGGAI AND ZECHARIAH | 1 |
| INTRODUCTION: THE HISTORIC BACKGROUND OF THE PROPHECIES OF HAGGAI AND ZECHARIAH | INTRODUCTION: THE HISTORIC BACKGROUND OF THE PROPHECIES OF HAGGAI AND ZECHARIAH | INTRODUCTION: THE HISTORIC BACKGROUND OF THE PROPHECIES OF HAGGAI AND ZECHARIAH | INTRODUCTION: THE HISTORIC BACKGROUND OF THE PROPHECIES OF HAGGAI AND ZECHARIAH | 3–24 |
| | § 1. Cyrus | § 1. Cyrus | § 1. Cyrus | 3–14 |
| | § 2. Cambyses | § 2. Cambyses | § 2. Cambyses | 14–17 |
| | § 3. Darius I, Hystaspes | § 3. Darius I, Hystaspes | § 3. Darius I, Hystaspes | 17–24 |
| HAGGAI AND HIS PROPHECIES | HAGGAI AND HIS PROPHECIES | HAGGAI AND HIS PROPHECIES | HAGGAI AND HIS PROPHECIES | 25–38 |
| | § 1. Personal History of the Prophet | § 1. Personal History of the Prophet | § 1. Personal History of the Prophet | 25–27 |
| | § 2. The Book of Haggai | § 2. The Book of Haggai | § 2. The Book of Haggai | 27–30 |
| | § 3. The Text of Haggai | § 3. The Text of Haggai | § 3. The Text of Haggai | 30–35 |
| | § 4. The Thoughts and Style of Haggai | § 4. The Thoughts and Style of Haggai | § 4. The Thoughts and Style of Haggai | 36–39 |
| COMMENTARY ON THE PROPHECIES OF HAGGAI | COMMENTARY ON THE PROPHECIES OF HAGGAI | COMMENTARY ON THE PROPHECIES OF HAGGAI | COMMENTARY ON THE PROPHECIES OF HAGGAI | 40–79 |
| | § 1. The Movement to Rebuild the Sanctuary | § 1. The Movement to Rebuild the Sanctuary | § 1. The Movement to Rebuild the Sanctuary | 40–57 |
| | § 2. The Resources of the Builders | § 2. The Resources of the Builders | § 2. The Resources of the Builders | 58–65 |
| | § 3. The New Era of the Restored Temple | § 3. The New Era of the Restored Temple | § 3. The New Era of the Restored Temple | 66–76 |
| | § 4. The Future of the Leader Zerubbabel | § 4. The Future of the Leader Zerubbabel | § 4. The Future of the Leader Zerubbabel | 76–79 |
| ZECHARIAH AND HIS PROPHECIES | ZECHARIAH AND HIS PROPHECIES | ZECHARIAH AND HIS PROPHECIES | ZECHARIAH AND HIS PROPHECIES | 81–106 |
| | § 1. The Personal History of the Prophet | § 1. The Personal History of the Prophet | § 1. The Personal History of the Prophet | 81–84 |
| | § 2. The Structure of Chapters 1–8 | § 2. The Structure of Chapters 1–8 | § 2. The Structure of Chapters 1–8 | 84 |
| | § 3. The Text of Chapters 1–8 | § 3. The Text of Chapters 1–8 | § 3. The Text of Chapters 1–8 | 84–97 |
| | § 4. The Style of Zechariah | § 4. The Style of Zechariah | § 4. The Style of Zechariah | 98–102 |
| | § 5. The Teaching of Zechariah | § 5. The Teaching of Zechariah | § 5. The Teaching of Zechariah | 102–106 |
| COMMENTARY ON THE PROPHECIES OF ZECHARIAH | COMMENTARY ON THE PROPHECIES OF ZECHARIAH | COMMENTARY ON THE PROPHECIES OF ZECHARIAH | COMMENTARY ON THE PROPHECIES OF ZECHARIAH | 107–217 |
| | 1. The Introduction | 1. The Introduction | 1. The Introduction | 108–115 |
| | 2. A Series of Visions with Their Interpretation | 2. A Series of Visions with Their Interpretation | 2. A Series of Visions with Their Interpretation | 115–194 |
| | | a. The Return from Captivity | a. The Return from Captivity | 115–147 |
| | | | (1) The Hollow of the Myrtles | 115–130 |
| | | | (2) The Horns and Their Destroyers | 130–136 |
| | | | (3) The Man with the Measuring Line | 136–140 |
| | | | (4) An Appeal to the Exiles | 140–147 ​ |
| | | b. The Anointed of Yahweh | b. The Anointed of Yahweh | 147–168 |
| | | | (1) The Accused High Priest | 147–161 |
| | | | (2) The Symbolic Candelabrum | 161–168 |
| | | c. The Seat of Wickedness | c. The Seat of Wickedness | 168–182 |
| | | | (1) The Flying Roll | 168–171 |
| | | | (2) The Woman in the Ephah | 171–177 |
| | | | (3) The Four Chariots | 177–182 |
| | | d. The Prince of Judah | d. The Prince of Judah | 183–194 |
| | | | (1) A Symbolic Crown | 183–190 |
| | | | (2) Zerubbabel and the Temple | 190–194 |
| | 3. A New Era | 3. A New Era | 3. A New Era | 194–217 |
| | | a. An Inquiry from Bethel | a. An Inquiry from Bethel | 194–198 |
| | | b. A Series of Oracles | b. A Series of Oracles | 198–217 |
| | | | (1) The Teaching of the Past | 199–205 |
| | | | (2) The Promise of the Future | 206–209 |
| | | | (3) The Past and Future in Contrast | 209–215 |
| | | | (4) The Reign of Joy and Gladness | 215–217 |
| THE DATE AND AUTHORSHIP OF THE SECOND PART OF ZECHARIAH | THE DATE AND AUTHORSHIP OF THE SECOND PART OF ZECHARIAH | THE DATE AND AUTHORSHIP OF THE SECOND PART OF ZECHARIAH | THE DATE AND AUTHORSHIP OF THE SECOND PART OF ZECHARIAH | 218–259 |
| | § 1. The Structure of Chapters 9–14 | § 1. The Structure of Chapters 9–14 | § 1. The Structure of Chapters 9–14 | 218–220 |
| | § 2. The Text of Chapters 9–14 | § 2. The Text of Chapters 9–14 | § 2. The Text of Chapters 9–14 | 220–231 |
| | § 3. The Authorship of Chapters 9–14 | § 3. The Authorship of Chapters 9–14 | § 3. The Authorship of Chapters 9–14 | 232–259 |
| COMMENTARY ON CHAPTERS 9–14 | COMMENTARY ON CHAPTERS 9–14 | COMMENTARY ON CHAPTERS 9–14 | COMMENTARY ON CHAPTERS 9–14 | 260–357 |
| | 1. The Revival of the Hebrew Nation | 1. The Revival of the Hebrew Nation | 1. The Revival of the Hebrew Nation | 260–320 |
| | | a. The New Kingdom | a. The New Kingdom | 260–277 |
| | | b. A Promise of Freedom and Prosperity | b. A Promise of Freedom and Prosperity | 277–285 |
| | | c. The Plan of Restoration | c. The Plan of Restoration | 286–302 |
| | | d. The Two Shepherds | d. The Two Shepherds | 302–320 |
| | 2. The Future of Judah and Jerusalem | 2. The Future of Judah and Jerusalem | 2. The Future of Judah and Jerusalem | 320–357 |
| | | a. The Jews in Their Internal Relations | a. The Jews in Their Internal Relations | 320–340 |
| | | b. The Jews and the Nations | b. The Jews and the Nations | 341–357 |
| INDEX | INDEX | INDEX | INDEX | 359–362 |
| II. A COMMENTARY ON MALACHI | II. A COMMENTARY ON MALACHI | II. A COMMENTARY ON MALACHI | II. A COMMENTARY ON MALACHI | 1–88 |
| INTRODUCTION TO MALACHI | INTRODUCTION TO MALACHI | INTRODUCTION TO MALACHI | INTRODUCTION TO MALACHI | 3–17 |
| | § 1. The Book of Malachi | § 1. The Book of Malachi | § 1. The Book of Malachi | 3–5 |
| | | 1. Its Contents | 1. Its Contents | 3 |
| | | 2. Its Unity | 2. Its Unity | 3 |
| | | 3. Its Style | 3. Its Style | 4–5 |
| | § 2. The Times | § 2. The Times | § 2. The Times | 5–9 |
| | § 3. The Prophet | § 3. The Prophet | § 3. The Prophet | 9–11 |
| | § 4. The Message of Malachi | § 4. The Message of Malachi | § 4. The Message of Malachi | 11–15 |
| | § 5. Literature on the Book of Malachi | § 5. Literature on the Book of Malachi | § 5. Literature on the Book of Malachi | 15–17 ​ |
| COMMENTARY ON THE BOOK OF MALACHI | COMMENTARY ON THE BOOK OF MALACHI | COMMENTARY ON THE BOOK OF MALACHI | COMMENTARY ON THE BOOK OF MALACHI | 18–85 |
| | § 1. The Superscription | § 1. The Superscription | § 1. The Superscription | 18–19 |
| | § 2. Proof of Yahweh's Love | § 2. Proof of Yahweh's Love | § 2. Proof of Yahweh's Love | 19–24 |
| | § 3. Yahweh Honours Them That Honour Him | § 3. Yahweh Honours Them That Honour Him | § 3. Yahweh Honours Them That Honour Him | 25–46 |
| | § 4. Yahweh's Protest against Divorce and Remarriage with Idolatrous Women | § 4. Yahweh's Protest against Divorce and Remarriage with Idolatrous Women | § 4. Yahweh's Protest against Divorce and Remarriage with Idolatrous Women | 47–60 |
| | § 5. The Near Approach of the Day of Judgment | § 5. The Near Approach of the Day of Judgment | § 5. The Near Approach of the Day of Judgment | 60–69 |
| | § 6. The Payment of Tithes Wins the Blessing of God | § 6. The Payment of Tithes Wins the Blessing of God | § 6. The Payment of Tithes Wins the Blessing of God | 69–75 |
| | § 7. The Final Triumph of the Righteous | § 7. The Final Triumph of the Righteous | § 7. The Final Triumph of the Righteous | 76–85 |
| INDEX | INDEX | INDEX | INDEX | 87–88 |
| III. A COMMENTARY ON JONAH | III. A COMMENTARY ON JONAH | III. A COMMENTARY ON JONAH | III. A COMMENTARY ON JONAH | 1–65 |
| INTRODUCTION TO JONAH | INTRODUCTION TO JONAH | INTRODUCTION TO JONAH | INTRODUCTION TO JONAH | 3–27 |
| | § 1. The Character of the Story of Jonah | § 1. The Character of the Story of Jonah | § 1. The Character of the Story of Jonah | 3–5 |
| | § 2. Origin and Purpose of the Story | § 2. Origin and Purpose of the Story | § 2. Origin and Purpose of the Story | 6–11 |
| | § 3. Insertion of the Book in the Prophetic Canon | § 3. Insertion of the Book in the Prophetic Canon | § 3. Insertion of the Book in the Prophetic Canon | 11 |
| | § 4. The Date of the Book | § 4. The Date of the Book | § 4. The Date of the Book | 11–13 |
| | § 5. The Unity of the Book | § 5. The Unity of the Book | § 5. The Unity of the Book | 13–21 |
| | § 6. The Psalm in Chapter 2 | § 6. The Psalm in Chapter 2 | § 6. The Psalm in Chapter 2 | 21–24 |
| | § 7. The Text of the Book | § 7. The Text of the Book | § 7. The Text of the Book | 25 |
| | § 8. Modern Literature | § 8. Modern Literature | § 8. Modern Literature | 25–27 |
| COMMENTARY ON JONAH | COMMENTARY ON JONAH | COMMENTARY ON JONAH | COMMENTARY ON JONAH | 28–65 |
| | Jonah's Disobedience and Flight | Jonah's Disobedience and Flight | Jonah's Disobedience and Flight | 28–32 |
| | The Storm on the Sea | The Storm on the Sea | The Storm on the Sea | 32–34 |
| | The Discovery of Jonah as the Guilty One | The Discovery of Jonah as the Guilty One | The Discovery of Jonah as the Guilty One | 34–38 |
| | The Stilling of the Storm | The Stilling of the Storm | The Stilling of the Storm | 38–40 |
| | Jonah's Deliverance | Jonah's Deliverance | Jonah's Deliverance | 41–43 |
| | A Prayer of Thanksgiving | A Prayer of Thanksgiving | A Prayer of Thanksgiving | 43–49 |
| | Yahweh's Renewed Command and Jonah's Preaching in Nineveh | Yahweh's Renewed Command and Jonah's Preaching in Nineveh | Yahweh's Renewed Command and Jonah's Preaching in Nineveh | 50–53 |
| | The Result of Jonah's Preaching | The Result of Jonah's Preaching | The Result of Jonah's Preaching | 53–56 |
| | Jonah's Displeasure | Jonah's Displeasure | Jonah's Displeasure | 56–59 |
| | Yahweh's Rebuke of Jonah | Yahweh's Rebuke of Jonah | Yahweh's Rebuke of Jonah | 59–62 |
| | Application of the Object Lesson | Application of the Object Lesson | Application of the Object Lesson | 62–64 |
| NOTE ON THE USE OF יהוה AND אלהים IN THE BOOK OF JONAH | NOTE ON THE USE OF יהוה AND אלהים IN THE BOOK OF JONAH | NOTE ON THE USE OF יהוה AND אלהים IN THE BOOK OF JONAH | NOTE ON THE USE OF יהוה AND אלהים IN THE BOOK OF JONAH | 64–65 |
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
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