OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Decisive Battles Since Waterloo/end matter

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MILITARY HISTORY.
THE ART OF WAR.
The above volume forms the second of a series of four in which the author intends to present a general sketch of the history of the art of war from the Greek and Roman times down to the beginning of the 19th century. The first volume in chronological order, which will cover the classical division of the subject, will be issued shortly. The third volume will be devoted to the 15th, 16th, and 17th centuries, while the fourth volume will treat of the military history of the 18th century, and the Revolutionary and Napoleonic wars' down to Waterloo.
THE STORY OF THE CIVIL WAR.
To be complete in four parts, printed in four octavo volumes, with comprehensive maps and battle plans. Each part will be complete in itself and will be sold separately.
"The work is thoroughly impartial, and moreover is free from individual caprice.... The manner is much that of a skilled attorney stating his case,
Part II.—The Campaigns of 1862. With 13 Maps. 8°, pp. xii + 475 $2.50
DECISIVE BATTLES SINCE WATERLOO.
A Continuation of Creasy's "Decisive Battles of the World." By Thomas W. Knox. With 59 plans and illustrations. 8°, pp. viii. + 490 $2.50
THE NAVAL WAR OF 1812;
or, The History of the United States Navy during the Last War with Great Britain. By Theodore Roosevelt. 7th edition, 8°, pp. xxxviii. + 531 $2.50
G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS, New York and London.
WORKS BY THEODORE ROOSEVELT.
THE WINNING OF THE WEST.
Vol. I.—From the Alleghanies to the Mississippi. 1769-1776.
Vol. II.—From the Alleghanies to the Mississippi. 1777-1783.
Vol. III.—The Founding of the Trans-Alleghany Commonwealths.1784-1790.
Vol. IV.—Louisiania and the Northwest. 1791-1807.
Each volume is complete in itself and is sold separately.
Octavo, cloth, with maps. Each $2 50
"A story full of stirring incidents, which never grows dull from the first page to the last; Written after much research, and with impartial soberness; an admirable contribution to the history of America."—London Spectator.
HUNTING TRIPS OF A RANCHMAN.
Sketches of Sport on the Northern Cattle Plains. With 27 full-page wood engravings and 8 smaller engravings, from designs by A. B. Frost, R. Swain Gifford, J. C. Beard, Fannie E. Gifford, and Henry Sandham. Bevelled boards, 8° $2 50
THE WILDERNESS HUNTER.
With an account of the Big Game of the United States, and its Chase with Horse, Hound, and Rifle. With illustrations by Remington, Frost, Sandham, Eaton, Beard, and others. 8° $2 50
on our so-called frontier and known the peculiar life and thought of its people, and above all possesses a true appreciation of nature, animate and inanimate, and the literary ability to relate what he has seen."—New York Nation.
THE NAVAL WAR OF 1812.
Or, The History of the United States Navy during the last war with Great Britain. To which is appended an account of the Battle of New Orleans. 8th edition, 8°, cloth $2 50
AMERICAN IDEALS,
And Other Essays. Social and Political. 12°, gilt top $1 50
New Library Edition, reset, uniform with "The Winning of the West." 8°, 2 50
G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS, New York and London.
# Deck the Halls

* information about this edition.
* related portals: Song lyrics, Christmas.
"Deck the Halls" first appeared in John Thomas' Welsh Melodies, 1862 as an English version of the traditional Welsh carol "Nos Galan". However, the song was not a translation from the Welsh, but rather new lyrics composed by Oliphant.
Deck the hall with boughs of holly, Fa la la la la la la la la. 'Tis the season to be jolly, Fa la la la la la la la la. Fill the meadcup, drain the barrel, Fa la la la la la la la la. Troul the ancient Christmas carol, Fa la la la la la la la la.
See the flowing bowl before us, Fa la la la la la la la la. Strike the harp and join the chorus. Fa la la la la la la la la. Follow me in merry measure, Fa la la la la la la la la. While I sing of beauty's treasure, Fa la la la la la la la la.
Fast away the old year passes, Fa la la la la la la la la. Hail the new, ye lads and lasses! Fa la la la la la la la la. Laughing, quaffing all together, Fa la la la la la la la la. Heedless of the wind and weather, Fa la la la la la la la la.
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Constantine III

​CONSTANTINE III (d. 997), was son of Colin, king of Scotland. He succeeded after the murder of Kenneth II, son of Malcolm I, at Fettercairn, in 995, but his short reign of two years, when he was himself slain by another ​Kenneth, perhaps an illegitimate son of Malcolm I, has left no event on record. The place of his death is said to have been Rathinver Almond, but whether the Perthshire Almond (Chronicles of the Picts and Scots, pp. 175–289) or the Almond in West Lothian (Fordun, Chronicle, ii. 168) is uncertain. He was succeeded by Kenneth, son of Dubh, and grandson of Malcolm I.
[Robertson's and Skene's Histories.]
Æ. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Constantine Mac Fergus

​CONSTANTINE MAC FERGUS (d. 820), king of the Picts, acquired the monarchy by the defeat of Conall Mac Taidg (Teige), who was assassinated in 807 by another Conall, son of Aidan, a Dalriad king in Kintyre. After this date there is a blank in the Irish annals of the names of any separate kings of the Dalriad Scots, and Mr. Skene conjectures that Constantine ruled over them for some years (Celtic Scotland, i. 302). The reign of this monarch was the era of the first advent of the Norsemen, who in 793 attacked Lindisfarne, the holy island on the east coast of Northumbria, and almost simultaneously the Hebrides, in 794 according to the ‘Annals of Ulster.’ In 801, and again in 806, Iona was ravaged by them, their object at this period of their raids being to spoil the monasteries. The plunder of Iona and the slaughter of the monks led to the removal of some of the relics to Kells in Meath, and of others to Dunkeld, where Constantine founded a monastic church. He died in 820, and was succeeded by his brother Angus. Constantine has usually been deemed the last of the Pictish kings, but the recurrence of his name in three monarchs of the united kingdom of the Picts and Scots, the fact that Donald, son of the first of these Constantines, is the first king called ‘Ri (king of) Alban’ in the Irish annals, while his predecessors are called kings of the Picts (with the exception of Kenneth Macalpine, who is denominated the first of the Scots who ruled in Pictavia), appear to justify Mr. Skene's hypothesis that Pictish blood still continued to flow in the veins of the sovereigns of the united monarchy, probably through their mothers. If so, it appears to follow that the statement that the Picts were almost exterminated by Kenneth is an exaggeration, and the union may have been of a more pacific character than is often supposed. But all this belongs to the dark period of hypothesis and conjecture in Scottish history. The name of Constantine, of which Constantine Mac Fergus is the first bearer, is remarkable, and, being equivalent to no known Celtic word, it would seem to have been adopted, perhaps at baptism, in imitation of the great emperor, as that of Gregory may have been taken from the great pope.
[Robertson's Scotland under her Early Kings; Skene's Celtic Scotland.]
Æ. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Conway, Francis Seymour

​CONWAY, FRANCIS SEYMOUR, Marquis of Hertford (1719–1794), born in 1719, was son and heir of Francis Seymour, first lord Conway (who assumed the name of Conway), by his third wife, Charlotte, granddaughter of Sir John Shorter, lord mayor of London, and sister of the first wife of Sir Robert Walpole [q. v.] Succeeding his father as second baron Conway in 1732, he, on 3 Aug. 1750, was created Viscount Beauchamp and Earl of Hertford, titles recently extinct by the death of Algernon, seventh duke of Somerset. He became a lord of the bedchamber and K.G. in 1757; privy councillor in 1763; afterwards ambassador extraordinary to France; lord-lieutenant of Ireland in 1765; lord chamberlain 1766–82 and again April-Dec. 1783 in the coalition ministry; lord-lieutenant of Warwickshire from 1757 till death. On 3 July 1793 he was created Earl of Yarmouth, co. Norfolk, and Marquis of Hertford. He died on 14 June 1794.
He married (1741) Isabella, daughter of Charles Fitzroy, second duke of Grafton, by whom he had seven sons and six daughters. His eldest son, Francis (Ingram) Seymour [q. v.], succeeded to the titles.
[Sharpe's Peerage (1830); Nicolas's Synopsis ed. Courthope; Gent. Mag., lxiv. pt. i. p. 581; Bromley's Cat. of Engraved Portraits, p. 330.]
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Conway, Edward

​CONWAY, EDWARD, Viscount Conway (d. 1631), was son and heir of Sir John Conway, knight [q. v.], by Ellen or Eleanor, daughter of Sir Fulke Greville of Beauchamp's Court, Warwickshire. He was knighted by the Earl of Essex at the sacking of Cadiz (1596), where he commanded a regiment of foot. Afterwards he served in the Nether ​lands as governor of the Brill (Chamberlain, Letters during the Reign of Elizabeth, p. 173). In the first parliament held in the reign of James I he sat as member for Penryn (Willis, Notitia Parliamentaria iii. pt. ii. p. 158). When Brill was delivered up to the States of Holland (1616), he received a pension of 500l. per annum (Lord Carew, Letters to Sir T. Roe, p. 35). On 30 Jan. 1622-3 he was made one of the principal secretaries of state, and he was continued in that office after the accession of Charles I (Thomas, Hist. Notes, ii. 497, 569; Hackman, Cat. of Tanner MSS. p. 88 a). He was returned for Evesham to the parliament which assembled on 19 Feb. 1623-4 (Willis, p. 196), and on 22 March 1624-5 he was created Baron Conway of Ragley in the county of Warwick. On 8 Dec. 1625 he was constituted captain of the Isle of Wight. In 2 Car. I he was created Viscount Killultagh of Killultagh, county Antrim, Ireland (Lodge, Illustr. of British Hist. ed. 1838, ii. 553), and on 6 June 1627 Viscount Conway of Conway Castle in Carnarvonshire (Dugdale, Baronage, ii. 453). He was also made lord president of the council, and was sent as ambassador to Prague (1623-1625). He died in St. Martin's Lane, London, on 3 Jan. 1630-1.
By his wife Dorothy, daughter of Sir John Tracy of Tedington, Gloucestershire, and widow of Edmund Bray, he had three sons and four daughters. His eldest son, Edward, succeeded to the family honours.
[Authorities quoted above.]
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Conway, John

​CONWAY, Sir JOHN (d. 1603), governor of Ostend, was the son and heir of Sir John Conway, knight-banneret of Arrow, Warwickshire, by Katherine, daughter of Sir Ralph Verney (Lipscomb, Buckinghamshire, i. 179). He was knighted in 1559 (Addit. MS. 32102, f. 122 a). As he was walking in the streets of London in 1578, Ludovic Grevil came suddenly upon him, and struck him on the head with a cudgel, felling him to the ground, and then attacked him with a sword so fiercely that, but for the intervention of a servant, who warded off the blow, he would have cut off his legs. The privy council sent for Grevil, and committed him to the Marshalsea. The outrage occasioned much excitement, because on the same day Lord Rich was also violently attacked in the streets (Strype, Annals, ii. 547, folio). Being a person of great skill in military affairs, Conway was made governor of Ostend on 29 Dec. 1586 by Robert, earl of Leicester, who was then general of the English auxiliaries in the United Provinces (Thomas, Hist. Notes, i. 408, 436). For some reason he was made a prisoner, as appears from an original letter addressed by him to Sir Francis Walsingham, dated at Ostend 8 Sept. 1588, concerning his imprisonment ​and the uses which might be made of one Berney, a spy, who had great credit with the prince of Parma (Harl. MS. 287, f. 102; Notes and Queries, 1st series, xi. 48). In July 1590 he was licensed to return to England, and the office of governor of Ostend was granted to Sir Edward Norreys (Murdin, State Papers, p. 794). He died on 4 Oct. 1603, and was buried in Arrow church, where a monument, with a Latin inscription, was erected to his memory (Dugdale, Warwickshire, ed. 1730, p. 852). By his wife Ellen, or Eleanor, daughter of Sir Fulke Greville of Beauchamp's Court, Warwickshire, he had four sons: Edward, who was created Viscount Conway [q. v.] (Birch, Elizabeth, ii. 98); Fulke, John, and Thomas; and four daughters, Elizabeth, Katherine, Mary, and Frances (Dugdale, Warwickshire, p. 850; Lipscomb, Buckinghamshire, i. 268).
He wrote: 1. ‘Meditations and Praiers, gathered out of the sacred Letters and vertuous Writers; disposed in Fourme of the Alphabet of the Queene, her most excellent Maiesties Name; whereunto are added, comfortable Consolations (drawn out of the Latin) to afflicted Mindes,’ Lond. (printed by Henry Wykes), undated. Another edition, also undated, was printed by William How (Ames, Typogr. Antiq. ed. Herbert, p. 1038). 2. ‘Poesie of floured Praiers,’ 8vo, Lond. 1611 (Lowndes, Bibl. Man. ed. Bohn, p. 514; Cat. Lib. Impress. Bibl. Bodl. ed. 1851, iv. 225). 3. Commendatory verses prefixed to Geoffrey Fenton's ‘Certaine Tragicall Discourses,’ 1567 (Ames, Typogr. Antiq. ed. Herbert, p. 856).
[Authorities cited above; Cal. State Papers; Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Hackman's Cat. of Tanner MSS. 880; Collier's Extracts from Registers of Stationers' Company, i. 165; Burke's Dormant and Extinct Peerages (1883), 133.]
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Constantine I

​CONSTANTINE I (d. 879), son of Kenneth Macalpine, king of Scotland or Alba, the country north of the Forth and Clyde, whose chief seat was Scone, succeeded his uncle Donald in 803. His reign was one of the first when the attacks of the Normans attained a formidable height, threatening the destruction of the Celtic and Saxon kingdoms. Two years after his accession Olaf the king of Dublin, wanted the country of the Picts, and occupied it from the Kalends of January to the feast of St. Patrick, i.e. 17 Marsh. According to the Pictish ​Chronicle, Olaf was slain by Constantine when on a raid in the following year, but the 'Annals of Ulster' relate that he destroyed Alrhyth (Dumbarton) after a four months' siege, in 870, and retired in 871 to Dublin with two hundred ships and a great bodjy of men, Anglo-Britons and Picts. After this he disappears from the Irish annals, so that his death may possibly have been antedated by some years in the account of the Pictish Chronicle. Ivar, another of the Norse Vikings of Dublin, who had fought along with Olaf, died about the same time, but Scotland was still exposed to incursions from other leaders of the same race. Thorstein the Red, a son of Olaf, by Audur, the wealthy daughter of Ketill Flatnose, attacked the northern districts, and, according to the 'Icelandic Landnamabok,' conquered 'Katanes and Suderland, Ross and Norway, and more than half Scotland.' But his kingdom, which, perhaps, was acquiesced in by Constantine, who had slight hold of the northern parts, was brief, and he was slain by the men of Alba by a stratagem or treachery in 875. In the South Halfdane the Danish leader who led the northern of the two bands (Guthrum, Alfred's opponent commanded the other), into which the formerly united host of that people was divided, ravaged the east coast of Britain, laid waste Northumbria, and destroyed the Picts (of Galloway?) and the people of Strathclyde.
Two years later another band of Danes, the Irish Dubhgall, or Black Strangers, having been driven from Ireland by the Fingall, or White Strangers, made a sudden descent on Scotland by way of the Clyde and, penetrating into the interior, defeated the Scots at Dollar, from which they passed to Inverdovat, in the parish of Forgan in Fife, where Constantine was slain (877). Tradition points to the long black cave, near Crail, as the scene of his death.
[Robertson's Scotland under her Early Kings; Skene's Celtic Scotland.]
Æ. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bedford, William

​BEDFORD, WILLIAM (1764?–1827), admiral, was made a lieutenant in the navy on 12 Sept. 1781. Of his earlier appointments there is no published record; but he served during the Russian armament of 1791 as a lieutenant of the Edgar. He was afterwards in the Formidable, and in May 1794 was first-lieutenant of the Queen, carrying the flag of Rear-admiral Gardner. In the partial action of 29 May the captain of the Queen was severely wounded. Bedford had thus the honour of commanding the Queen on 1 June, and for his service on that memorable day was, on the captain's death some weeks afterwards, posted into the vacancy (15 Aug. 1794). He continued in the Queen with Sir Alan Gardner, and was present in Lord Bridport's action off Lorient on 23 June 1795. Afterwards he moved with Sir Alan to the Royal Sovereign, and continued with him till he struck his flag in August 1800. Bedford was then appointed to the Leyden, of 68 guns, in the North Sea, and was present at the attack on the invasion flotilla, 15 Aug. 1801, on which occasion he offered to serve as a volunteer under the junior officer in command of the boats. The offer, however, was declined by Lord Nelson (Nelson Despatches, iv. 467). In 1803 he was captain of the Thunderer, 74 guns, and in 1805, in the Hibernia, flagship of his old chief, now. Lord Gardner, commanding the blockade of Brest. Afterwards, in 1809, he was flag-captain in the Caledonia with Lord Gambier, in the expedition to Basque Roads, from which, though he escaped blameless, it was impossible to derive any credit. He attained flag-rank on 12 Aug. 1812, and served in the North Sea under Sir William Young as captain of the fleet. He had no further service, though on 19 July 1821 he was promoted to the rank of vice-admiral. He died in October 1827.
In 1808 Bedford married Susan, one of the nine daughters of Captain Robert Fanshawe, commissioner of the navy at Portsmouth, and was thus a brother-in-law of Sir Thomas Byam Martin, comptroller of the navy, and of Admiral Sir Robert Stopford.
J. K. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bedingfeld, Thomas

​BEDINGFELD, THOMAS (1760–1789), poet, second son of Edward Bedingfeld, Esq., of York, and Mary, daughter of Sir John Swinburne, of Capheaton, Northumberland, was born at York on 18 Feb. 1760, and educated at the university of Liége. In 1780 he was placed in the office of Mr. John Davidson, of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, with a view to the study of conveyancing. There he became acquainted with George Pickering and James Ellis, who, together with Mr. Davidson's sons, formed a literary fraternity not very common in a lawyer's office. In 1784 Bedingfeld removed to Lincoln's Inn, and continued his legal studies under Matthew Duane, the eminent conveyancer, and his nephew, Mr. Bray. In 1787 he commenced practice as a chamber counsel–being, as a catholic, incapable of being called to the bar–and he was rising rapidly in his profession when his career was terminated by his death, which occurred in London on 5 Nov. 1789. In person he is said to have resembled his celebrated contemporary, William Pitt, so much as sometimes to have been mistaken for him by the London populace.
His poems were surreptitiously published in London–'Poems by T. B–––g––––d, Esq., of the Inner Temple,' 1800. Afterwards they were collected lay James Ellis, one of his youthful associates, and published under the title of 'Poetry, Fugitive and Original; by the late Thomas Bedingfeld, Esq., and Mr. George Pickering. With notes and some additional pieces by a Friend,' Newcastle, 1815, 8vo. Dedicated to Sir Walter Scott. The most laboured of his poems is 'The Triumph of Beauty,' addressed to the Duchess of Devonshire on her successful canvass for Charles James Fox in 1784; but his best-known piece is the 'Instructions to a Porter,' which has appeared in several collections.
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bedwell, Thomas

​BEDWELL, THOMAS (d. 1595), mathematician and military engineer, matriculated as a sizar of Trinity College, Cambridge, in November 1562. He became a scholar in the same year; in 1566-7 he took the degree of B.A.; he was subsequently elected fellow; ​ and in 1570 commenced M.A. He was appointed to the office of keeper of the ordnance stores in the Tower. He is said to have been the first to project 'the bringing of the waters of the Lea from Ware to London.' In conjunction with Frederico Genebelli he was employed as a military engineer in strengthening the works at Tilbury and Gravesend at the time of the Spanish Armada. He died in April 1595.
Thomas Bedwell was uncle of William Bedwell [q. v.], the Arabic scholar, who speaks of him as 'our English Tycho.' The two are sometimes confounded, chiefly, it would appear, on account of an ambiguity on the title-page of the first of two works published by the nephew in explanation of a 'ruler' or mesolabium architectonicum which the uncle had devised to facilitate carpenters' calculations (see the Macclesfield collection of Corresp. of Scient. Men, Oxford, 1841, p. 1 seq.).
T. W-r.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bedingfield, Thomas (d.1613)

​BEDINGFIELD, THOMAS (d. 1613), gentleman pensioner to Queen Elizabeth, was son of Sir Henry Bedingfield (d. 1583) [q. v.]. He published in 1573 'Cardanus Comforte translated into English and published by comaundment of the Right Hon. the Earl of Oxenford,' 4to, black letter. There is a dedication to the Earl of Oxford, dated 1 Jan. 1571-2, which is followed by a letter to the translator, and a copy of verses to the reader, both written by the Earl of Oxford; and to these succeed addresses to the reader in prose and verse by Thomas Churchyard. In 1584 Bedingfield published 'The Art of Riding, conteining diverse necessarie instructions, demonstrations, helps and corrections apperteining to Horsemanship . . . by Claudio Corte, brieflie reduced into certeine English discourses,' 4to; and this was followed in 1595 by 'The Florentine Historie written in the Italian tongue by Niccolo Macchiavelli, citizen and secretarie of Florence, and translated into English by T. B., Esq.,' folio. Bedingfield died in 1613 (Stow's Survey of London, ed. 1720, ii. 65).
A. H. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bellamy, Thomas Ludford

​BELLAMY, THOMAS LUDFORD (1770–1843), son of Richard Bellamy [q. v.], was born in St. John's parish, Westminster, in 1770. He learned singing and music from his father and Dr. Cooke, and (when his voice had broken) from Tasca. In 1784 he sang amongst the trebles at the Handel commemoration in Westminster Abbey, and in 1791 he sang in the so-called oratorios at Drury Lane. In 1794 he went to Ireland, as it is generally stated, to manage a nobleman's estate, but it is more probable that his visit was connected with the Irish property which had been bequeathed him by his maternal grandfather in 1776 (Chester's Westminster Registers p. 421). In 1797 he was in Dublin, where he acted as stage manager at the theatre; but in 1800 he bought shares in the Manchester, Chester, Shrewsbury, and Lichfield theatres. Three years later he sold his interest in these undertakings, and became sole proprietor of the Belfast, Londonderry, and Newry theatres. This speculation turning out a failure, he returned to London, where he obtained an engagement to sing at Covent Garden for five years. In 1812 he was engaged for a similar period at Drury Lane. On the expiration of this engagement he started an academy of music on the Logerian system; but this does not appear to have been successful, as in 1819 he obtained the appointment of master of the choir of the Spanish chapel. Two years later he succeeded Bartleman as principal bass singer at the Ancient concerts. Bellamy died 3 Jan. 1843.
[The Georgian Era, iv. 637; Grove's Dictionary, i. 211a; Burney's Account of the Handel Commemoration (1786); Musical Examiner for 7 Jan. 1843.]
W. B. S.