OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Bebel, Ferdinand August

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
BEBEL, FERDINAND AUGUST (bā'bel), a German Socialist, born in Cologne in 1840. In his youth he was an apprentice, and, while learning and
practicing the turner's trade, he acquired a practical knowledge of the difficulties and disabilities of the workingmen. He settled in Leipsic in 1860, joined various labor organizations, and became one of the editors of the “Volksstaat” and of the “Vorwärts.” Membership in the North German Reichstag was followed by his election to the German Reichstag, of which he was a member from 1871 to 1881, and which he entered again in 1883. He was the leader of his party in the Reichstag, even though, representing as he did the Marxian principles, he was bitterly opposed by certain factions. He wrote “Our Aims” (1874); “The German Peasant War” (1876); “The Life and Theories of Charles Fourier” (1888); “Women in Socialism, the Christian Point of View in the Woman Question” (1893); “My Life” (1910-1912). He died August 14, 1913.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Bechuanaland

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
BECHUANALAND, an extensive tract in South Africa, inhabited by the Bechuanas, extending from 28° S. lat. to the Zambezi, and from 20° E. long, to the Transvaal border. Until 1895 Bechuanaland included the Crown Colony of British Bechuanaland and the Bechuanaland Protectorate. In that year the Crown Colony was annexed to Cape Colony, and the Protectorate placed under the administration of the High Commissioner. The Protectorate has an area of about 275,000 square miles; and extends from the Molopo river in the S. to the Zambezi in the N., and is bounded on the E. by the Transvaal province and Matabeleland, and on the W. by Southwest Africa. Pop. about 125,000.
Bechuanaland is a portion of an elevated plateau 4,000 to 5,000 feet above the level of the sea, and, though so near the tropics, is suitable for the British
race. In winter there are sharp frosts, and snow falls in some years. The rains fall in summer, and then only the rivers are full. It is an excellent country for cattle; sheep thrive in some parts, and there are extensive tracts available for corn lands; but it is not a wheat country on account of the summer rains. It can be reached from Cape Town, Port Elizabeth, Durban, Delagoa Bay, and the Zambezi, the railroad from the former being extended from Kimberley, Vryburg, Mafeking, Palachwe, Tati, and Bulawayo. There are extensive forests to the N. E., and to the W. the Kalahari Desert.
Gold has been found near Sitlagoli, and there are indications of gold-bearing quartz reefs in many directions. Diamondiferous soil is also said to exist in several localities; indeed, diamonds were discovered at Vryburg in the autumn of 1887.
The province of Stellaland is principally inhabited by Boers, and the remainder of the country by Bechuanas. The Bechuanas are a black race, possessing a language in common with the Bantu races of South Africa, extending as far N. as the equator. The Bechuanas have divided up within the last 150 years, and comprise the Bahurutse, Bamangwato, Bakwena, Bangwaketse, Barolongs, Batlapins, and Batlaros. Each tribe has an animal as an emblem, or heraldic sign, which it is said they hold in esteem. They have since 1832 been at enmity with the Matabele. During the native risings in 1878, the Bechuanas invaded Griqualand West, and were in turn subdued by British volunteers as far as the Molopo. When the British Government withdrew from Bechuanaland in 1880, the natives, being helpless, were left to the mercy of the Boers of the Transvaal, whose harsh treatment in 1882 and 1883 led to the Bechuanaland expedition in 1884. The system of government among the Bechuanas would be termed in Europe local government. All important matters are decided in the public assembly of the freemen of the town, but matters are previously arranged between the chiefs and headmen. During the British-Boer War of 1899-1900, Mafeking was the scene of one of the most determined and successful defenses in history.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Beck, James Montgomery

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
BECK, JAMES MONTGOMERY, an American lawyer and publicist, born in Philadelphia in 1861. He graduated from Moravian College in 1880. In 1884 he was admitted to the bar. From 1896 to 1900 he was United States attorney for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, and from 1900 to 1903 was assistant attorney-general of the United States. At the outbreak of the World War he took a strong stand against Germany and wrote much and delivered many addresses to show Germany's responsibility. He delivered many orations on notable occasions on various subjects. He wrote “The Evidence in the Case” (1914); “War and Humanity” (1916).
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Becket, Thomas à

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
BECKET, THOMAS À, an Archbishop of Canterbury, the son of a London merchant, born in 1118; studied
at Oxford and Bologna. Henry II., in 1158, made Becket his chancellor, and in 1162 he was appointed to the primacy. He then laid aside all pomp and luxury, and led a life of monastic austerity. In the controversy which immediately arose, respecting the limits of civil and ecclesiastical authority, Becket asserted against the King the independence of the Church, and refused to sign the “Constitutions of Clarendon.” By a Council, or Parliament, held at Northampton, in 1164, Becket was condemned and suspended from his office. He escaped, in disguise, to France, where he obtained the protection of its King. In response to his excommunication of the clergy who signed the “Constitutions,” and some of the King's officers, the King, in 1166, banished all the relations of Becket and forbade all communication with him. War with France followed. Peace was made in 1169, between Henry and Louis. In 1170, a meeting took place between the King and the Archbishop at Fretteville, where they were professedly reconciled, and Becket returned to Canterbury. He at once published the Pope's sentence of suspension against the Archbishop of York, and other prelates, who had crowned Prince Henry. The King's angry expressions, on learning this, induced four of his barons (Richard Brito, Reginald Fitzurse, Hugh de Morville, and William Tracy) to go immediately to Canterbury; and after unsuccessfully remonstrating with Becket, they followed him into the Cathedral and murdered him on the steps of the altar, Dec. 31, 1170. The King denied all share in this deed, and was absolved; but in 1174 he did penance at the murdered prelate's tomb. Becket was canonized by Alexander III., in 1172. His remains were, in 1220, transferred to a splendid shrine, which attracted crowds of pilgrims, and was loaded with rich offerings. This immense treasure was seized by Henry VIII., and the shrine destroyed in 1538.
THOMAS À BECKET
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Bedford (borough)

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​BEDFORD, a parliamentary and municipal borough of England, the county town of Bedfordshire, on the Ouse. The chief buildings are the law courts, a range of public schools, a large infirmary, County Jail, etc., and the churches. The town is rich in charities and educational institutions, the most prominent being the Bedford Charity, embracing grammar and other schools, and richly endowed. There is an extensive manufactory of agricultural implements; lace is also made, and there is a good trade. John Bunyan was born at Elstow, a village near the town, and it was at Bedford that he lived, preached, and was imprisoned. Pop. (1917) 37,663.
# Children of the Sea

Greater grows the world and wiser for the blood that she has
spilt,
 And the land of freedom reckons with the arms that dare
impede;
Stands the mailѐd civilizer, with one hand upon the hilt,
 And the other gently beckons to the lowly she has freed.
There are glories more enduring, greatness, greater than the past,
 When the flood of conquest falling shall have left the lowlands  free,
When for aye, old evils curing, shall the seed of good be cast;–  Hear the new archangel calling to the children of the sea.
Steadfast stand the States United, shrill the fife and loud the
drum,
 And the starry banners flaunting float along the seried lines;
For the wrong out arms have righted hear old Cuba cry, “We
come,”
 And Puerto Rico chanting answers to the Philippines.
Greet the greater nation blended with a new triumphal song,
 And for Reason’s reign undying gather in the states to be;
For a conquest swift and splendid over nature rude and wrong,
 Hear the new Archangel crying to the children of the sea.
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Children of winter

* related portals: Children's poetry.
* sister projects: Commons category, Wikidata item.
CHILDREN OF WINTER
WITH ILLUSTRATIONS IN COLORS
AND MONOTINT BY
MAUD HUMPHREY
VERSES BY
EDITH M. THOMAS
NEW YORK
Copyright, 1888, by
Frederick A. Stokes & Brother
1888
The Mistletoe.
Sly elf, with rosy finger tips
Pressed tightly on your rosy lips,
I pray you, tell us what you know
About this branch of mistletoe.
December speaks.
The mistletoe is old and wise,
And always watched by cunning spies;
I do not dare to tell you how
And where I found this curious bough,
Oh, if I should forget, and speak,
They'd pull my ear, and pinch my cheek!
And this is why my finger tips
I press so tightly on my lips.
A good-night kiss to you I blow,
As I trip under the mistletoe!
Edith M. Thomas.
The Snow-ball Chieftain.
All in the tingling frosty weather
I met a chieftain brave and bright;
He'd scarlet bat with snow-white feather,
His step was brisk and light.
His twinkling eyes were soft and starlike,
His lips and cheeks were rosy red;
"He doesn't look so very warlike!"
Beneath my breath I said.
So I'll a kind good-morning bid him,
With snow-balls three he pelted me;
Then laughed, and ran, and quickly hid him,
Behind a hemlock tree!
Edith M. Thomas.
The Little Prophet.
(February speaks.)
Though the clouds are hanging low,
And the streams can hardly go
(All their babbling voices dumb),
Trust me, better days will come!
Don't despair.
I'm a prophet, I'm a seer;
I can see, and I can hear,
Singing travellers on their way
To this Northland bleak and gray;
Don't despair.
I have seen the field-mice run
All abroad, to take the sun;
I have heard the peepers plaint,
From the marshes, far and faint;
Don't despair.
I'm a prophet; I can spy
In this branch so brown and dry
Leaves and flowers that soon will wake,
And their prison-fetters break;
Don't despair.
Edith M. Thomas.
# Charter of 4 Edward III. for John of Eltham, Earl of Cornwall, 1331

* related portals: Cornwall.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
The King to the same (archbishops, bishops, &c.) greetings Know ye, that whereas we willing to honour the person of our beloved and faithful John of Eltham, our most dear brother, and given him the name and honour of Earl of Cornwall have preferred, and girt with a sword, as Earl of the same place; and that the same, our brother, may be more decently to sustain the name and honour of Earl, we have given, granted, and by this our charter confirmed to the same Earl, 20l of yearly rent, under the name and honour of Earl of Cornwall, of the issues of the County of Cornwall, by the hands of the steward or sheriffs to be received. And also the castles, manors, lands, and tenements under written; to wit, the manor of Hadleigh, with the appurtenances, in the county of Suffolk; the castle and manor of Eye, with the hamlets of Dalyngho, Alderton, and Thorndon, and other appurtenances in the said county, 20l of yearly rent, which the prior and convent of Bromholm render for the manor of Baketon, in the county of Norfolk; a certain yearly rent belonging to the honour of Eye, in the said counties of Norfolk, Suffolk and Lincoln, and in the county of Essex, together with the wardship of the same castle of Eye, and the free-court belonging to the same honour, in the same county of Lincoln; certain lands and tenements in Clapton, with the appurtenances, in the same county; the castle and town of Berkhampstead, with the honour and other its appurtenances, in the county of Hertford; the manor of Risbergh, with the park and other its appurtenances, in the county of Bucks; the manor of Cippenham, with its appurtenances, in the same county.
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Charter of 15 Henry III, 1231, relating to the Earldom of Cornwall

* related portals: Cornwall.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
Henry the King etc. greeting. Know ye that we have given granted, and by this charter confirmed, to our dear brother Richard, Earl of Poicton and Cornwall, the whole county of Cornwall, with the stannary of Cornwall, and all mines and other appurtenances of the same county, and of the stannary aforesaid, to have and to hold of us and our heirs to the same Earl and his heirs, by doing therefore to us and our heirs the service of five knights-fees, for all service and all custom and all demands: wherefore we will, etc. that the same Earl and his heirs shall have and to hold of us and our heirs the aforesaid county of Cornwall, with the aforesaid Stannary, and all mines and other appurtenances of the same county, without any retenement, well and in peace, freely, quietly, and entirely, as is aforesaid.
These being witnesses:
The Venerable Father P Bishop of Winchester
H de Burgo etc.
R Earl of Chester and Lincoln
W Earl Warren
W de Ferrars Earl of Derby
W de Fortibus
Etc. etc.
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Chronicle of the Kings of England/Book 5/Preface

BOOK V.
PREFACE.
Summoned by the progress of events, we have entered on the times of king Henry; to transmit whose actions to posterity, requires an abler hand than ours. For, were only those particulars recorded which have reached our knowledge, they would weary the most eloquent, and might overload a library. Who, then, will attempt to unfold in detail all his profound counsels, all his royal achievements? These are matters too deep for me, and require more leisure than I possess. Scarcely Cicero himself, whose eloquence is venerated by all the Western world, would attempt it in prose; and in verse, not even a rival of the Mantuan Bard. In addition to this, it is to be observed, that while I, who am a man of retired habits, and far from the secrets of a court, withhold my assent from doubtful relators, being ignorant of his greater achievements, I touch only on a few events. Wherefore, it is to be feared, that where my information falls beneath my wishes, the hero, whose numerous exploits I omit, may appear to suffer. However, for this, if it be a fault, I shall have a good excuse with him who shall recollect that I could not be acquainted with the whole of his transactions, nor ought I to relate even all that I did know. The insignificance of my condition effects the one; the disgust of my readers would be excited by the other. This fifth book, then, will display some few of his deeds, while fame, no doubt, will blazon the rest, and lasting memory transmit them to posterity. Nor will it deviate from the design of the preceding four, but particularise some things which happened during his time here and elsewhere, which perchance are either unrecorded, or unknown to many: they will occupy, indeed, a considerable portion of the volume, while I must claim the usual indulgence for long digressions, as well in this as in the others.
# Chronicle of the Kings of England/Editor's Preface

EDITOR'S PREFACE.
"William of Malmesbury," according to archbishop Usher, "is the chief of our historians;" Leland records him "as an elegant, learned, and faithful historian;" and Sir Henry Saville is of opinion, that he is the only man of his time who has discharged his trust as an historian. His History of the Kings of England was translated into English by the Rev. John Sharpe, and published in quarto, in 1815.
Though the language of Mr. Sharpe's work is by no means so smooth as the dialect of the present day would require, yet the care with which he examined MSS., and endeavoured to give the exact sense of his author, seemed so important a recommendation, that the editor of the present volume has gladly availed himself of it as a ground-work for his own labours. The result of this plan is, that the public are enabled to purchase without delay and at an insignificant expense, the valuable contemporary historian, who has hitherto been like a sealed book to the public, or only accessible through a bulky volume, the scarcity of which served to exclude it from all but public libraries or the studies of the wealthy.
But the translation of Mr. Sharpe has by no means been reprinted verbatim. Within the last ten years a valuable edition of the original text, with copious collations of MSS., has been published by the English Historical Society. This edition has been compared with the translation, and numerous passages retouched and improved. Some charters, also, have been added, and a large number of additional notes appended at the foot of the pages, together with a few other improvements and additions calculated to render this interesting history more acceptable to the reading public.
J. A. G.
Bampton, June, 1847.
# Claire Ambler (1928, Doubleday)/Part 3

"Twenty-five!"
# Commissioner of Internal Revenue v. Estate of Noel

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
380 U.S. 678
Commissioner of Internal Revenue v. Estate of Noel
Argued: April 1, 1965. --- Decided: April 29, 1965
John B. Jones, Jr., Washington, D.C., for petitioner.
Harry Norman Ball, Philadelphia, Pa., for respondents.
Mr. Justice BLACK delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Commissioner of Internal Revenue v. Field's Estate

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
324 U.S. 113
Commissioner of Internal Revenue v. Field's Estate
Argued: Jan. 5, 1945. --- Decided: Feb 5, 1945
Mr. L. W. Post, of Washington, D.C., for petitioner.
Mr. Edgar J. Bernheimer, of New York City, for respondent.
Mr. Justice MURPHY delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Commissioner of Internal Revenue v. Fisher

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
327 U.S. 512
Commissioner of Internal Revenue v. Fisher
Argued: Feb. 27, 1946. --- Decided: March 11, 1946
Mr.Walter J. Cummings, Jr., of Washington, D.C., for petitioner.
Mr.R. M. O'Hara, of Detroit, Mich., for respondent.
Mr. Justice BLACK delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Commissioner of Internal Revenue v. Flowers

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Wikidata item.
Commissioner v. Flowers, 326 U.S. 465 (1946), was a Federal income tax case before the Supreme Court of the United States. Warning: template has been deprecated.
United States Supreme Court
326 U.S. 465
Commissioner of Internal Revenue v. Flowers
Argued: Dec. 11, 12, 1945. --- Decided: Jan 2, 1946
See 326 U.S. 812, 66 S.Ct. 482.
Mr. J. Louis Monarch, of Washington, D.C., for petitioner.
Mr. J. N. Ogden, of Mobile, Ala., for respondent.
Mr. Justice MURPHY delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Commissioner of Internal Revenue v. Estate of Bosch/Dissent Fortas

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
* Dissenting Opinions Douglas Fortas
United States Supreme Court
387 U.S. 456
Commissioner of Internal Revenue v. Estate of Bosch
Argued: March 22, 1967. --- Decided: June 5, 1967
Mr. Justice FORTAS, dissenting.
While I join the dissenting opinion of my Brother HARLAN, I believe it appropriate to add these few comments. As my Brother HARLAN states, in a case in which federal tax consequences depend upon state property interests, a federal court should accept the final conclusion of a competent state court, assuming that such a conclusion is an adjudication of substance arrived at after adversary litigation and on the basis of the same careful consideration that state courts normally accord cases involving the determination of state property interests. The touchstone of whether the state proceeding was 'adversary' is not alone entirely satisfactory. I think that this concept has been helpfully embellished by Judge Raum of the United States Tax Court in the Bosch case, 43 T.C. 120, 123-124. Judge Raum suggests that among the factors to be considered in determining whether the decision of the state court is to be accepted as final for federal tax purposes are the following: whether the state court had jurisdiction, and whether its determination is fully binding on the parties; whether, in practice, the decisions of the state court have precedential value throughout the State; whether the Commissioner was aware of the state proceedings and had an opportunity to participate; whether the state court 'rendered a reasoned opinion and reached a 'deliberate conclusion', Blair v. Commissioner, 300 U.S. (5) at p. 10 (57 S.Ct. 330, 81 L.Ed. 465)'; whether the state decision has potentially offsetting tax consequences in respect of the state court litigant's federal taxes; and, in general, whether the state court decision 'authoritatively determined' future property rights, and thus, as Judge Raum stated, 'provided more than a label for past events * * *.'

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Commissioner of Internal Revenue v. Shaw-Walker Company

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
393 U.S. 478
Commissioner of Internal Revenue v. Shaw-Walker Company
Solicitor General Griswold, for petitioner.
Richard E. Nolan and John P. Carroll, Jr., for respondent.
On Petition for Writ of Certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit.
PER CURIAM.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Commissioner of Internal Revenue v. Phipps/Concurrence Douglas

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
* Concurring Opinion Douglas
United States Supreme Court
336 U.S. 410
Commissioner of Internal Revenue v. Phipps
Argued: Dec. 9, 1948. --- Decided: March 14, 1949
Mr. Justice DOUGLAS concurs in the result.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse