OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Zirbel

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Zirbel. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Zirbel, feminine, in Zirbeldrüse, feminine. ‘pineal gland,’ from Middle High German zirbel-, in zirbelwint, ‘whirlwind'; allied to Middle High German zirben, ‘to move in a circle, whirl,’ Old High German zerben, Anglo-Saxon tearflian, ‘to turn.’ The Teutonic root tarb, ‘to whirl,’ cannot be traced farther back.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Wisch

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Wisch | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Wisch, m., ‘rag, clout, wisp,’ from the equiv. MidHG. wisch, OHG. wisc, m.. to which MidHG. and ModHG. wischen, OHG. wisken, is allied. Comp. OIc. visk, ‘bundle,’ and also E. wisp with a labial instead of a guttural. The base wisku, wisq, wisp, may e connected with Lat. virga (from wízgâ?).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Woge

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Woge | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Woge, f. (with MidG. ô for â, as in Odem, Schlot, Rot, &c.), ‘wave, billow,’ from MidHG. wâc (g), OHG. wâg, n., ‘water in commotion, flood, billow, stream, river, sea’; comp. OSax. wâg, AS. wœ̂g, Goth. wégs, ‘billow, flood.’ From OHG. is derived Fr. vague. Teut. wêgo-, wêgi-, from pre-Teut. wêgho-, wêghi-, is connected with the Aryan root wē̆gh, ‘to move’; hence Woge, lit. ‘motion, that which is moved.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Wirtel

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Wirtel | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Wirtel, m., ‘spindle ring,’ from the equiv. MidHG. wirtel, m., which is derived from the Aryan root wert, ‘to turn’ (see werden).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Wittib

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Wittib | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Wittib (with a normal b), Witwe, f., ‘widow,’ from the equiv. MidHG. witewe, witwe, OHG. wituwa (witawa), f.; common to Teut. and Aryan. Comp. Goth. widuwô, OSax. widowa, Du. weduwe, AS. wuduwe, widewe, E. widow. Corresponding to Ir. fedb, Lat. vidua, San. vidhávâ, OSlov. vĭdova. The primit. Aryan form widhéwâ (widhowâ), f., ‘widow,’ implied in these words seems to be an old formation from an Aryan root widh, Sans. root vidh, ‘to become empty, be faulty’; comp. Gr. ἠίθεος, ‘single, unmarried.’ The designations for Witwer, ‘widower,’ are recent derivatives of the feminine form (comp. Schwieger); comp. OHG. wituwo, MidHG. witwœre, from which a new fem. could be ultimately formed (MidHG. witwerinne); comp. ModHG. Witmann (hence Witfrau). ModHG. Waise, ‘orphan,’ is perhaps connected with the same Aryan root widh.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Witz

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Witz | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Witz, m., ‘wit, sense, understanding, repartee,’ from MidHG. witze, OHG. wizzî, f., ‘knowing, understanding, prudence, wisdom’; an abstract of wissen (corresponding to AS. and E. wit). Allied to witzig, adj., ‘witty, clever, brilliant,’ from MidHG. witzec (g), OHG. wizzîg, ‘intelligent, prudent.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Wispel

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Wispel | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Wispel, m., ‘twenty-four bushels,’ ModHG. only, a LG. word. The base wichschepel, recorded in the 12th cent., points to a connection with LG. schepel, ‘bushel.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Wittum

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Wittum | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Wittum, n., ‘widow's jointure,’ the proper term is probably Widetum, n. The first component is MidHG. widen, wideme, m. and f., ‘bridal gift, present from the bridegroom to the bride,’ then also ‘endowment of a church,’ OHG. widamo, ‘wedding gift of the bridegroom to the bride.’ The corresponding AS. weotuma, ‘money paid for the bride,’ leads to kinship with Gr. ​ξεδνα, ἕδνον, ‘bridal presents made by the bridegroom,’ to which perhaps OSlov. vedą (vesti) and the equiv. OIr. fedaim, ‘to marry,’ are allied. There is, in any case, no connection between Wittum and the preceding word; comp. also widmen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Wocken

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Wocken | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Wocken, m., ‘distaff,’ ModHG. only, from LG.; probably cognate with Wieche.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Witwe

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Witwe | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Witwe, see Wittib.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Woche

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Woche | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Woche, f., ‘week,’ from the equiv. MidHG. woche, OHG. wohha, usually with an earlier vowel wëhha, f., a common Teut. term based on a primary form, wikôn-. Comp. Goth. wikô, OSax. wika, Du. week, AS. wucu, wicu, E. week, and the equiv. OIc. vika, f. The assumption that Lat. vices, ‘change,’ was adopted by the Teutons in the sense of ‘week’ is untenable, for were the notion ‘week’ borrowed from the Romans, it would have assumed a form corresponding to Ital. settimana, Fr. semaine (OIr. sechtman), ‘week.’ The Teut. origin of the word is supported by the fact that it is borrowed by Finn. (as wiika), as well as by wîce, s., ‘alternate service,’ the AS. variant of wĭcu, which makes it probable that Woche meant ‘change’ (comp. Wechsel). The assumption of a loan-word is, however, most strongly opposed by the genuine Teut. names of the days of the week, which prove the existence of a developed chronology in the pre-historic period.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Wut

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Wut | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Wut, f., ‘rage, fury, madness,’ from the equiv. MidHG. and OHG. wuot, f.; in OHG. also wuot, AS. wôd, E. wood, adj., ‘furious, mad,’ Goth. wôds, ‘possessed, lunatic.’ There exist, besides these cognates, AS. wôð, ‘voice, song,’ OIc. óðr, ‘poetry, song.’ The connection between the meanings is found in the primit. allied Lat. vátes, ‘inspired singer’ (OIr. fáith, ‘poet’); comp. the Sans. root vat, ‘to animate spiritually.’ From the same is prob. derived the name of the OTeut. god Wôdan (AS. Wôden, *Wêden, OSax. Wôdan, OIc. Oðenn, OHG. Wuotan), whose name is preserved in Du. Woensdag, E. Wednesday. The orig. mythological idea of das wütende Heer, ‘the spectral host,’ is based on MidHG. (and OHG.) Wuotanes her, ‘Odin’s host.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Z

* A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R - S - T - U - V - W - Z
* Zacken
* zag
* Zäh
* Zahl
* zahm
* Zahn
* Zähre
* Zange
* zanken
* Zapfe
* zappeln
* Zarge
* zart
* Zaser
* Zauber
* zaudern
* Zaum
* Zaun
* Zaunkönig
* zausen
* Zeche
* Zecke
* Zeder
* Zeh
* zehn
* zehnte
* Zehntel
* zehren
* Zeichen
* Zeidler
* zeigen
* Zeiland
* Zeile
* Zeisig
* Zeit
* Zeitlose
* Zeitung
* Zelle
* Zelt
* Zelte
* Zelter
* Zent-
* Zentner
* Zepter
* zer-
* zergen
* zerren
* zerrütten
* zerschellen
* zerstreut
* zertrümmern
* zeter
* Zettel
* Zeug
* Zicke
* Zickzack
* Zieche
* Ziege
* Ziegel
* ziehen
* Ziel
* ziemen
* Ziemer
* Zier
* Zierat
* Zierde
* Ziesel
* Ziestag
* Ziffer
* -zig
* Zimmer
* Zimmet
* zimperlich
* Zindel
* Zingel
* Zink
* Zinken
* Zinn
* Zinne
* Zinnober
* Zins
* Zipfel
* Zipperlein
* Zirbel
* Zirkel
* zirpen
* Zistag
* Zither
* Zitrone
* Zitter
* Zitteroch
* zittern
* Zitwer
* Zitz
* Zitze
* Zobel
* Zober
* Zofe
* zögern
* Zögling
* Zoll
* Zoll
* Zone
* Zopf
* Zores
* Zorn
* Zote
* Zotte
* Zotte
* zotteln
* zu
* Zuber
* Zubuße
* Zucht
* züchten
* züchtig
* züchtigen
* Zuck
* Zucker
* Zuckerkand
* zuerst
* Zufall
* zufrieden
* Zug
* Zugang
* Zügel
* zugleich
* zuhand
* zuletzt
* Zülle
* Zulp
* zumal
* zünden
* Zunft
* Zunge
* zunichte
* Zünsler
* zupfen
* zurecht
* zürnen
* zurück
* zusammen
* züsseln
* Zuversicht
* zuvor
* zuwege
* zuweilen
* zuwider
* zwacken
* zwagen
* zwang
* zwanzig
* zwar
* Zweck
* zween
* Zwehle
* zwei
* zweierlei
* Zweifalter
* Zweifel
* Zweig
* zweite
* Zwerch-
* Zwerg
* Zwetsche
* Zwick
* Zwickel
* zwicken
* zwie-
* Zwieback
* Zwiebel
* zwiefach
* zwiefältig
* Zwielicht
* zwier
* Zwiesel
* Zwiespalt
* zwiespältig
* Zwiesprache
* Zwietracht
* Zwitlich
* Zwilling
* zwingen
* Zwinge
* Zwinger
* zwinken
* zwirbeln
* Zwirn
* zwirnen
* zwischen
* Zwist
* zwitschern
* Zwitter
* zwölf
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Zacken

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Zacken | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Zacken, m., ‘point, peak, prong, tooth (of a comb),’ from the equiv. MidHG. (MidG.) zacke, m. and f.; properly a MidG. and LG. word. Comp. Du. tak, m., ‘twig, branch, point,’ North Fris. tâk, ‘point,’ to which OIc. tág, m., ‘willow twig,’ E. tack, are also probably allied. The latter are perhaps primit. cognate with Sans. daçâ, ‘fringe,’ or with Gr. δοκός, ‘beam’ (Teut. takko-, Aryan dokno-?). It is uncertain whether Zinke is allied.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Zahl

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Zahl | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Zahl, f., ‘number, figure, cipher,’ from MidHG. zal, f., ‘number, crowd, troop, narrative, speech,’ OHG. zala, f., ‘number’; corresponding to Du. taal, ‘speech,’ AS. talu, E. tale. Allied to zahlen, vb., ‘to count out, pay,’ from MidHG. zaln, OHG. zalôn, ‘to count, reckon, compute’ (OSax. talôn), and zählen, vb., ‘to number, count,’ from MidHG. zęln, OHG. zęllen (from *zaljan), wk. vb., ‘to count, reckon, enumerate, narrate, inform, say.’ Comp. Du. tellen, ‘to count, reckon, have regard to,’ AS. tęllan, E. to tell. From the originally strong verbal root tal, Goth. talzjan, ‘to instruct,’ is also derived. In non-Teut. there is no certain trace of a root dal, ‘to enumerate.’ See Zoll.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Wärwolf

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Wärwolf | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Wärwolf, see Werwolf.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Würde

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Würde | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Würde, f., ‘dignity,’ from MidHG. wirde, f., ‘dignity, honour, respect,’ OHG. wirdi, f.; an abstract from Wert. —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Wüste

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Wüste | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Wüste, f., ‘desert, wilderness,’ from the equiv. MidHG. wüeste, OHG. wuostî (wuostinna), f.; comp. OSax. wôstinnia, AS. wêsten, ‘wilderness.’ To these West Teut. cognates, which point to a pre-Teut. adj. wâstu, OIr. fás, and Lat. vâstus, ‘waste,’ are primit. allied. The West Teut. adj. cannot be borrowed from Lat. (only MidHG. waste, ‘desert,’ is probably thus obtained).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Zahn

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Zahn | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Zahn, m., ‘tooth,’ from the equiv. MidHG. zan, zant (d), OHG. zan, zand, m.; common to Teut. and also to Aryan. Comp. OSax. and Du. tand, AS. tôþ (from *tanþ), E. tooth, Goth. tunþus. Teut. tanþ-, tunþ- (from Aryan dont-, dnt-), is primit. allied to Lat. dens (stem dent-), Gr. ὁδούς (stem ὀδοντ-), Sans. dat (nom. sing. dan), danta, Lith. dantìs, OIr. dét, ‘tooth.’ The Aryan primit. stem dont- (dnt-) is in form the pres. partic. of the root ed, ‘to eat,’ with apocope of the initial vowel (see essen); hence Zahn is lit. ‘the eating organ’ (for the Teut. suffix of the pres. partic. -and-, -und-, see Feind, Freund, and Heiland). To this word Zinne is allied.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Währwolf

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Währwolf | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Währwolf, see Werwolf.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/essen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/essen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ essen, vb., ‘to eat, dine, feed on,’ from the equiv. MidHG. ëȥȥen, OHG. ëȥȥan; common to Teut., and orig. an OAryan str. vb.; comp. Goth. itan, OIc. eta, AS. ëtan, E. to eat, Du. eten, OSax. ëtan; see fressen. The verbal root ët, ‘to eat,’ common to Teut., to which OHG. and MidHG. âs, ModHG. Aas (comp. Lat. êsus for *êd-to-, the partic. of edere), also belong, is based upon an Aryan root ē̆d; comp. the Sans. root ad, Gr. ἔδομαι, Lat. ĕdo, Lith. ědmi, ěmi, OSlov. jamĭ (from *ědmĭ), ‘I eat.’ —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/euch

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/euch | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ euch, pron., ‘you, to you,’ from MidHG. iuch, iuwich, OHG. iuwih, accus., the dat. of which, however, is in in MidHG. and OHG.; comp. AS. eów (and eówic), accus., eow, dat. (E. you), Goth. izwis, accus., dat. Is Lat. vos, vester, akin? All other references are dubious. —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/extern

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/extern | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ extern, vb., ‘to vex, tease,’ a MidG. and LG. word, probably connected with Ekel; allied also to Hess. ickern with the same sense.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/euer

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/euer | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ euer, poss. pron. of the preceding, ‘your,’ from MidHG. iuwer, OHG. iuwar. Comp. AS. eówer, E. your, Goth. izwar, ‘your.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/ewig

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/ewig | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ ewig, adj., ‘eternal, perpetual,’ from the equiv. MidHG. êwic(g), OHG. êwig; corresponding to OSax. êwig, Du. eeuwig, ‘eternal’; derived from an OTeut. root meaning ‘eternity.’ Comp. Goth. aiws, ‘time, eternity,’ OHG. êwa, ‘eternity,’ which are primit. cognate with Lat. aevum, ‘eternity, lifetime,’ and Gr. αἰών. Comp. je.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/fach

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/fach | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ fach, adj., suffix, ‘-fold,’ from MidHG. (very rare) vach, in manecvach, zwivach, OHG. not found; mannigfach, lit. ‘with many divisions’; moreover, MidHG. vach, denotes also ‘fold,’ and -fach as a suffix may be an imitation of the earlier suffix -falt in manecvalt, ‘manifold.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/erwähnen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/erwähnen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ erwähnen, vb., ‘to mention, call to notice,’ formed from the equiv. MidHG. gewęhenen, OHG. giwahinnen, giwahannen (pret. gi-wuog, partic. giwaht and giwahinit), allied to OHG. giwaht, ‘mention, fame.’ Goth. *wahnjan belongs to the root wok, wō̆q (Teut. wah), ‘to speak,’ which is widely diffused in the Aryan languages. Comp. Lat. vox, ‘voice,’ vocare, ‘to call,’ Gr. ὅσσα for ϝόκjα and ὁπ- (for ϝοπ), ‘voice,’ ἔπος (for ϝέπος), ‘word,’ Sans. root vac, ‘to say, speak.’ In Teut. this old root was not so widely developed.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/erörtern

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/erörtern | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ erörtern, vb., ‘to discuss, determine,’ formed from late MidHG. örtern, ortern, ‘to examine thoroughly,’ from MidHG. ort, ‘beginning, end.’ —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/es

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/es | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ es, pron., ‘it,’ from MidHG. ëȥ, n. sing., and its gen. ës, OHG. ëȥ (gen. ës); formed from the Aryan pronom. stem of the 3rd pers. (i-) mentioned under er. See ihn.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/etlich

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/etlich | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ etlich, pron., ‘some, sundry,’ from MidHG. ëtelich, OHG. ëtalîh, also earlier ModHG. etzlich, from MidHG. ëteslich, OHG. ëtteslîch, ëtteshwëlich, ‘any one’ (plur. ‘many a one’). The same first component is seen in etwa, from the equiv. MidHG. ëtwâ (ëteswâ), OHG. ëtteswâr, ‘anywhere’; etwas, from MidHG. and OHG. ëtewaȥ (neu. of MidHG. and OHG. ëtewër, ëteswër, ‘any one’). The origin of this pronominal ëte, ëtes, ëttes, ëddes, ‘any,’ is quite obscure. Some have compared it with Goth. aíþþau, ‘perhaps, nearly’ (see oder), and þishwazuh, ‘every.’
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume III/Anti-Marcion/The Five Books Against Marcion/Book V

Book V. Wherein Tertullian proves, with respect to St. Paul's epistles, what he had proved in the preceding book with respect to St. Luke's gospel. Far from being at variance, they were in perfect unison with the writings of the Old Testament, and therefore testified that the Creator was the only God, and that the Lord Jesus was his Christ. As in the preceding books, Tertullian supports his argument with profound reasoning, and many happy illustrations of Holy Scripture.

## Contents

* I
* II
* III
* IV
* V
* VI
* VII
* VIII
* IX
* X
* XI
* XII
* XIII
* XIV
* XV
* XVI
* XVII
* XVIII
* XIX
* XX
* XXI
* Elucidations
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume III/Apologetic/A Treatise on the Soul/Chapter XXIII

Chapter XXIII.—The Opinions of Sundry Heretics Which Originate Ultimately with Plato.
Some suppose that they came down from heaven, with as firm a belief as they are apt to entertain, when they indulge in the prospect of an undoubted return thither. Saturninus, the disciple of Menander, who belonged to Simon’s sect, introduced this opinion: he affirmed that man was made by angels. A futile, imperfect creation at first, weak and unable to stand, he crawled upon the ground like a worm, because he wanted the strength to maintain an erect posture; but afterwards having, by the compassion of the Supreme Power (in whose image, which had not been fully understood, he was clumsily formed), obtained a slender spark of life, this roused and righted his imperfect form, and animated it with a higher vitality, and provided for its return, on its relinquishment of life, to its original principle. Carpocrates, indeed, claims for himself so extreme an amount of the supernal qualities, that his disciples set their own souls at once on an equality with Christ (not to mention the apostles); and sometimes, when it suits their fancy, even give them the superiority—deeming them, forsooth, to have partaken of that sublime virtue which looks down upon the principalities that govern this world. Apelles tells us that our souls were enticed by earthly baits down from their super-celestial abodes by a fiery angel, Israel’s God and ours, who then enclosed them firmly within our sinful flesh. The hive of Valentinus fortifies the soul with the germ of Sophia, or Wisdom; by means of which germ they recognise, in the images of visible objects, the stories and Milesian fables of their own Æons. I am sorry from my heart that Plato has been the caterer to all these heretics. For in the Phædo he imagines that souls wander from this world to that, and thence back again hither; whilst in the Timæus he supposes that the children of God, to whom had been assigned the production of mortal creatures, having taken for the soul the germ of immortality, congealed around it a mortal body,—thereby indicating that this world is the figure of some other. Now, to procure belief in all this—that the soul had formerly lived with God in the heavens above, sharing His ideas with Him, and afterwards came down to live with us on earth, and whilst here recollects the eternal patterns of things which it had learnt before—he elaborated his new formula, μαθήσεις ἀναμνήσεις, which means that “learning is reminiscence;” implying that the souls which come to us from thence forget the things amongst which they formerly lived, but that they afterwards recall them, instructed by the objects they see around them. Forasmuch, therefore, as the doctrines which the heretics borrow from Plato are cunningly defended by this kind of argument, I shall sufficiently refute the heretics if I overthrow the argument of Plato.