OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# United States Code/Title 11/Chapter 5/Section 549

§ 549. Postpetition transactions
    (a) Except as provided in subsection (b) or (c) of this section, the trustee may avoid a transfer of property of the estate—
       (1) that occurs after the commencement of the case; and
       (2)
          (A) that is authorized only under section 303 (f) or 542 (c) of this title; or
          (B) that is not authorized under this title or by the court.
    (b) In an involuntary case, the trustee may not avoid under subsection (a) of this section a transfer made after the commencement of such case but before the order for relief to the extent any value, including services, but not including satisfaction or securing of a debt that arose before the commencement of the case, is given after the commencement of the case in exchange for such transfer, notwithstanding any notice or knowledge of the case that the transferee has.
    (c) The trustee may not avoid under subsection (a) of this section a transfer of an interest in real property to a good faith purchaser without knowledge of the commencement of the case and for present fair equivalent value unless a copy or notice of the petition was filed, where a transfer of an interest in such real property may be recorded to perfect such transfer, before such transfer is so perfected that a bona fide purchaser of such real property, against whom applicable law permits such transfer to be perfected, could not acquire an interest that is superior to such interest of such good faith purchaser. A good faith purchaser without knowledge of the commencement of the case and for less than present fair equivalent value has a lien on the property transferred to the extent of any present value given, unless a copy or notice of the petition was so filed before such transfer was so perfected.
    (d) An action or proceeding under this section may not be commenced after the earlier of—
       (1) two years after the date of the transfer sought to be avoided; or
       (2) the time the case is closed or dismissed.
# United States Code/Title 11/Chapter 5/Section 550

§ 550. Liability of transferee of avoided transfer
    (a) Except as otherwise provided in this section, to the extent that a transfer is avoided under section 544, 545, 547, 548, 549, 553 (b), or 724 (a) of this title, the trustee may recover, for the benefit of the estate, the property transferred, or, if the court so orders, the value of such property, from—
       (1) the initial transferee of such transfer or the entity for whose benefit such transfer was made; or
       (2) any immediate or mediate transferee of such initial transferee.
    (b) The trustee may not recover under section (a)(2) of this section from—
       (1) a transferee that takes for value, including satisfaction or securing of a present or antecedent debt, in good faith, and without knowledge of the voidability of the transfer avoided; or
       (2) any immediate or mediate good faith transferee of such transferee.
    (c) If a transfer made between 90 days and one year before the filing of the petition—
       (1) is avoided under section 547 (b) of this title; and
       (2) was made for the benefit of a creditor that at the time of such transfer was an insider;
    the trustee may not recover under subsection (a) from a transferee that is not an insider.
    (d) The trustee is entitled to only a single satisfaction under subsection (a) of this section.
    (e)
       (1) A good faith transferee from whom the trustee may recover under subsection (a) of this section has a lien on the property recovered to secure the lesser of—
          (A) the cost, to such transferee, of any improvement made after the transfer, less the amount of any profit realized by or accruing to such transferee from such property; and
          (B) any increase in the value of such property as a result of such improvement, of the property transferred.
       (2) In this subsection, “improvement” includes—
          (A) physical additions or changes to the property transferred;
          (B) repairs to such property;
          (C) payment of any tax on such property;
          (D) payment of any debt secured by a lien on such property that is superior or equal to the rights of the trustee; and
          (E) preservation of such property.
    (f) An action or proceeding under this section may not be commenced after the earlier of—
       (1) one year after the avoidance of the transfer on account of which recovery under this section is sought; or
       (2) the time the case is closed or dismissed.
# United States Code/Title 11/Chapter 5/Section 551

§ 551. Automatic preservation of avoided transfer
Any transfer avoided under section 522, 544, 545, 547, 548, 549, or 724 (a) of this title, or any lien void under section 506 (d) of this title, is preserved for the benefit of the estate but only with respect to property of the estate.
# United States Code/Title 11/Chapter 5/Section 554

§ 554. Abandonment of property of the estate
    (a) After notice and a hearing, the trustee may abandon any property of the estate that is burdensome to the estate or that is of inconsequential value and benefit to the estate.
    (b) On request of a party in interest and after notice and a hearing, the court may order the trustee to abandon any property of the estate that is burdensome to the estate or that is of inconsequential value and benefit to the estate.
    (c) Unless the court orders otherwise, any property scheduled under section 521 (1) of this title not otherwise administered at the time of the closing of a case is abandoned to the debtor and administered for purposes of section 350 of this title.
    (d) Unless the court orders otherwise, property of the estate that is not abandoned under this section and that is not administered in the case remains property of the estate.
# United States Code/Title 28/Appendix/Federal Rules of Civil Procedure/Rule 13

Rule 13. Counterclaim and Crossclaim
(a) Compulsory Counterclaim.
    (1) In General. A pleading must state as a counterclaim any claim that—at the time of its service—the pleader has against an opposing party if the claim:
       (A) arises out of the transaction or occurrence that is the subject matter of the opposing party’s claim; and
       (B) does not require adding another party over whom the court cannot acquire jurisdiction.
    (2) Exceptions. The pleader need not state the claim if:
       (A) when the action was commenced, the claim was the subject of another pending action; or
       (B) the opposing party sued on its claim by attachment or other process that did not establish personal jurisdiction over the pleader on that claim, and the pleader does not assert any counterclaim under this rule.
(b) Permissive Counterclaim. A pleading may state as a counterclaim against an opposing party any claim that is not compulsory.
(c) Relief Sought in a Counterclaim. A counterclaim need not diminish or defeat the recovery sought by the opposing party. It may request relief that exceeds in amount or differs in kind from the relief sought by the opposing party.
(d) Counterclaim Against the United States. These rules do not expand the right to assert a counterclaim—or to claim a credit—against the United States or a United States officer or agency.
(e) Counterclaim Maturing or Acquired After Pleading. The court may permit a party to file a supplemental pleading asserting a counterclaim that matured or was acquired by the party after serving an earlier pleading.
(f) [Abrogated.]
(g) Crossclaim Against a Coparty. A pleading may state as a crossclaim any claim by one party against a coparty if the claim arises out of the transaction or occurrence that is the subject matter of the original action or of a counterclaim, or if the claim relates to any property that is the subject matter of the original action. The crossclaim may include a claim that the coparty is or may be liable to the crossclaimant for all or part of a claim asserted in the action against the crossclaimant.
(h) Joining Additional Parties. Rules 19 and 20 govern the addition of a person as a party to a counterclaim or crossclaim.
(i) Separate Trials; Separate Judgments. If the court orders separate trials under Rule 42 (b), it may enter judgment on a counterclaim or crossclaim under Rule 54 (b) when it has jurisdiction to do so, even if the opposing party’s claims have been dismissed or otherwise resolved.
# United States Code/Title 28/Appendix/Federal Rules of Civil Procedure/Rule 10

Rule 10. Form of Pleadings
(a) Caption; Names of Parties. Every pleading must have a caption with the court’s name, a title, a file number, and a Rule 7 (a) designation. The title of the complaint must name all the parties; the title of other pleadings, after naming the first party on each side, may refer generally to other parties.
(b) Paragraphs; Separate Statements. A party must state its claims or defenses in numbered paragraphs, each limited as far as practicable to a single set of circumstances. A later pleading may refer by number to a paragraph in an earlier pleading. If doing so would promote clarity, each claim founded on a separate transaction or occurrence—and each defense other than a denial—must be stated in a separate count or defense.
(c) Adoption by Reference; Exhibits. A statement in a pleading may be adopted by reference elsewhere in the same pleading or in any other pleading or motion. A copy of a written instrument that is an exhibit to a pleading is a part of the pleading for all purposes.
# United States Code/Title 28/Appendix/Federal Rules of Civil Procedure/Rule 17

Rule 17. Plaintiff and Defendant; Capacity; Public Officers
(a) Real Party in Interest.
    (1) Designation in General. An action must be prosecuted in the name of the real party in interest. The following may sue in their own names without joining the person for whose benefit the action is brought:
       (A) an executor;
       (B) an administrator;
       (C) a guardian;
       (D) a bailee;
       (E) a trustee of an express trust;
       (F) a party with whom or in whose name a contract has been made for another’s benefit; and
       (G) a party authorized by statute.
    (2) Action in the Name of the United States for Another’s Use or Benefit. When a federal statute so provides, an action for another’s use or benefit must be brought in the name of the United States.
    (3) Joinder of the Real Party in Interest. The court may not dismiss an action for failure to prosecute in the name of the real party in interest until, after an objection, a reasonable time has been allowed for the real party in interest to ratify, join, or be substituted into the action. After ratification, joinder, or substitution, the action proceeds as if it had been originally commenced by the real party in interest.
(b) Capacity to Sue or Be Sued. Capacity to sue or be sued is determined as follows:
    (1) for an individual who is not acting in a representative capacity, by the law of the individual’s domicile;
    (2) for a corporation, by the law under which it was organized; and
    (3) for all other parties, by the law of the state where the court is located, except that:
       (A) a partnership or other unincorporated association with no such capacity under that state’s law may sue or be sued in its common name to enforce a substantive right existing under the United States Constitution or laws; and
       (B) 28 U.S.C. §§ 754 and 959 (a) govern the capacity of a receiver appointed by a United States court to sue or be sued in a United States court.
(c) Minor or Incompetent Person.
    (1) With a Representative. The following representatives may sue or defend on behalf of a minor or an incompetent person:
       (A) a general guardian;
       (B) a committee;
       (C) a conservator; or
       (D) a like fiduciary.
    (2) Without a Representative. A minor or an incompetent person who does not have a duly appointed representative may sue by a next friend or by a guardian ad litem. The court must appoint a guardian ad litem—or issue another appropriate order—to protect a minor or incompetent person who is unrepresented in an action.
(d) Public Officer’s Title and Name. A public officer who sues or is sued in an official capacity may be designated by official title rather than by name, but the court may order that the officer’s name be added.
# United States Code/Title 28/Appendix/Federal Rules of Civil Procedure

From from the U.S. House of Representatives. See Cornell's LII for additional info.
Title 28—Judiciary and Judicial Procedure Appendix Federal Rules of Civil Procedure

## Notes
### Historical Note

    The original rules, pursuant to Act of June 19, 1934 (ch. 651, 48 Stat. 1064), were adopted by order of the Court on December 20, 1937, transmitted to Congress by the Attorney General on January 3, 1938, and became effective September 16, 1938 (308 U.S. 645; Cong. Rec., vol. 83, pt. 1, p. 13, Exec. Comm. 905; H. Doc. 460 and H. Doc. 588, 75th Cong.).
* Dec. 28, 1939, eff. Apr. 3, 1941; Dec. 27, 1946, eff. Mar. 19, 1948; Dec. 29, 1948, eff. Oct. 20, 1949; Apr. 30, 1951, eff. Aug. 1, 1951; Apr. 17, 1961, eff. July 19, 1961; Jan. 21, 1963, eff. July 1, 1963; Feb. 28, 1966, eff. July 1, 1966; Dec. 04, 1967, eff. July 1, 1968; Mar. 30, 1970, eff. July 1, 1970; Mar. 01, 1971, eff. July 1, 1971; Nov. 20, 1972, eff. July 1, 1975; Dec. 18, 1972, eff. July 1, 1975; Apr. 29, 1980, eff. Aug. 1, 1980; Oct. 21, 1980, Pub. L. 96–481, title II, § 205(a), (b), 94 Stat. 2330; Jan. 12, 1983, Pub. L. 97–462, §§ 2–4, 96 Stat. 2527–2530, eff. Feb. 26, 1983; Apr. 28, 1983, eff. Aug. 1, 1983; Apr. 29, 1985, eff. Aug. 1, 1985; Mar. 02, 1987, eff. Aug. 1, 1987; Apr. 25, 1988, eff. Aug. 1, 1988; Nov. 18, 1988, Pub. L. 100–690, title VII, §§ 7047(b), 7049, 7050, 102 Stat. 4401; Apr. 30, 1991, eff. Dec. 1, 1991; Dec. 09, 1991, Pub. L. 102–198, § 11, 105 Stat. 1626; Apr. 22, 1993, eff. Dec. 1, 1993; Apr. 27, 1995, eff. Dec. 1, 1995; Apr. 23, 1996, eff. Dec. 1, 1996; Apr. 11, 1997, eff. Dec. 1, 1997; Apr. 24, 1998, eff. Dec. 1, 1998; Apr. 26, 1999, eff. Dec. 1, 1999; Apr. 17, 2000, eff. Dec. 1, 2000; Apr. 23, 2001, eff. Dec. 1, 2001; Apr. 29, 2002, eff. Dec. 1, 2002; Mar. 27, 2003, eff. Dec. 1, 2003; Apr. 25, 2005, eff. Dec. 1, 2005; Apr. 12, 2006, eff. Dec. 1, 2006. Apr. 30, 2007, eff. Dec. 1, 2007. Apr. 23, 2008, eff. Dec. 1, 2008.
# United States Code/Title 28/Appendix/Federal Rules of Civil Procedure/Rule 1

Rule 1. Scope and Purpose
These rules govern the procedure in all civil actions and proceedings in the United States district courts, except as stated in Rule 81. They should be construed and administered to secure the just, speedy, and inexpensive determination of every action and proceeding.
# United States Government Glossary of Interagency and Associated Terms/accumulated depreciation

| accumulated depreciation - The total depreciation recorded on an asset since its acquisition. | (SOURCE - DOS/ USAID, FAM, 14 FAM 411.4) |
# United States Government Glossary of Interagency and Associated Terms/accumulating costs

| accumulating costs - the collecting of cost data in an organized manner, such as through a system of accounts. | (SOURCE - White House, OMB, Circular A-21) |
# United States Government Glossary of Interagency and Associated Terms/acquired

| acquired - leased for a period of sixty continuous days or more, or purchased | (SOURCE - DHHS/ HUD/ EPA/ FEMA, US Code 42, §6374) |
# United States Government Glossary of Interagency and Associated Terms/acquired immune deficiency syndrome

| acquired immune deficiency syndrome - also called AIDS. | (SOURCE - DOS/ USAID, FAA OF 1961 (P.L 87-195), Sec. 104A) |
# United States Government Glossary of Interagency and Associated Terms/accumulated leave

| accumulated leave - The unused leave remaining to the credit of an employee at the beginning of a leave year. For purposes of lump-sum payment, accumulated leave means the regular carry over a balance from the previous leave year, and unused annual leave accrued during the then current leave year, plus any unused restored annual leave maintained in a special leave account. | (SOURCE - DOS/ USAID, FAH, 3 FAH-1 H-3311) |
# United States Government Glossary of Interagency and Associated Terms/acknowledged special access program

| acknowledged special access program - special access program established and administered so that its existence may be affirmed (e.g., may be publicly acknowledged) however, specific details, technologies, materials, techniques, etc., of the program are classified as specified in the applicable security classification guide and made known only to those individuals approved for access to the special access program. | (SOURCE - DHS, DHS Lexicon, Terms) |
# United States Government Glossary of Interagency and Associated Terms/acoustic sensor

| acoustic sensor - sensor that passively detects and utilizes the presence of sound in order to activate a device. | (SOURCE - DHS, DHS Lexicon, Terms) |
# United States Government Glossary of Interagency and Associated Terms/acknowledgment

| acknowledgment - A declaration by an individual before a notarizing officer that an instrument (such as a deed, mortgage, lease, contract for the sale of land, etc.) signed by the individual is the individuals act and deed - The purpose of an acknowledgment is to permit the instrument to be recorded or received in evidence - An acknowledgment is almost never made under oath or affirmation. | (SOURCE - DOS/ USAID, FAM, 7 FAM 813) |
| acknowledgment - A message from a telegraphic addressee informing the originator that the communication has been received. Also called ACK. | (SOURCE - DOS/ USAID, FAH, 5 FAH-2 H-114) |
| acknowledgment - Brief response to members of Congress to indicate receipt of correspondence. | (SOURCE - DOS/ USAID, FAH, 5 FAH-1 H-114) |
# United States Government Glossary of Interagency and Associated Terms/acoustic intelligence

| acoustic intelligence - Intelligence derived from the collection and processing of acoustic phenomena. Also called ACINT. | (SOURCE - DOD, DOD Dictionary, JP 2-0) |
# United States Government Glossary of Interagency and Associated Terms/acquirer

| acquirer - organization responsible for the design, development, and delivery of capabilities (capital assets and services). | (SOURCE - DHS, DHS Lexicon, Terms) |
# U.S. Troop Readiness, Veterans' Care, Katrina Recovery, and Iraq Accountability Appropriations Act, 2007/Title II

TITLE II — HURRICANE KATRINA RECOVERY
DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY
Federal Emergency Management Agency
DISASTER RELIEF
    For an additional amount for "Disaster Relief", $3,400,000,000, to remain available until expended.
# U.S. Troop Readiness, Veterans' Care, Katrina Recovery, and Iraq Accountability Appropriations Act, 2007

Note: This is the original legislation as it was initially enacted. Any subsequent amendments hosted on Wikisource may be listed using What Links Here.
An Act Making emergency supplemental appropriations and additional supplemental appropriations for agricultural and other emergency assistance for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2007, and for other purposes.
    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,

#### Section 1. Short Title.

    This Act may be cited as the ``U.S. Troop Readiness, Veterans' Care, Katrina Recovery, and Iraq Accountability Appropriations Act, 2007´´.

#### Sec. 2. Table of Contents.

    The table of contents for this Act is as follows:

#### Sec. 3. Statement of Appropriations.

    The following sums in this Act are appropriated, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2007.
Approved May 25, 2007.

## Legislative History

* H.R. 2206:
   * CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, Vol. 153 (2007):
   ** May 10, considered and passed House.
   ** May 15, 17, considered and passed Senate, amended.
   ** May 24, House concurred in Senate amendment with an amendment. Senate concurred in House amendment.
This work is in the public domain in the U.S. because it is an edict of a government, local or foreign. See § 313.6(C)(2) of the Compendium II: Copyright Office Practices. Such documents include "legislative enactments, judicial decisions, administrative rulings, public ordinances, or similar types of official legal materials" as well as "any translation prepared by a government employee acting within the course of his or her official duties."
These do not include works of the Organization of American States, United Nations, or any of the UN specialized agencies. See Compendium III § 313.6(C)(2) and 17 U.S.C. 104(b)(5).
A non-American governmental edict may still be copyrighted outside the U.S. Similar to {{PD-in-USGov}}, the above U.S. Copyright Office Practice does not prevent U.S. states or localities from holding copyright abroad, depending on foreign copyright laws and regulations.
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# UN Human Rights Council 12th Session, 2009: Sri Lanka responds to NGOs on Civil and Political Rights - 23 September 2009

From http://www.lankamission.org/content/view/2598/1/: The Permanent Mission of Sri Lanka to the United Nations Office at Geneva
Sri Lanka is disturbed by the intervention of a single Non-Governmental Organization that detracted from the generally high standard of debate under this Item in pursuing its relentless vendetta against the Sri Lankan state. In the present context of seeking reconciliation however it seems best not to respond in kind, but instead to discuss in this context some of the contextual issues raised by some countries.
In particular Mr President we need to consider the issue of Freedom of Expression, which we all see as one of the most important Rights we should encourage and protect. We were struck by the presentation of the distinguished representative from Norway, who noted its importance but commented that this freedom had to be limited in the case of incitements to hatred. Unfortunately what constitutes such incitement is not easy to distinguish.
We also need to consider the impact of freedom of expression when exercised without responsibility. Some time back we were astonished when International Educational Development Inc made a passionate defence of the use of children over 14 in combat. Such statements could be defended in terms of the right to freedom of expression, but when such wicked ideas are translated into practice it is the vulnerable who suffer.
Thus we found it deeply depressing that those members of the international community functioning in areas controlled by terrorists kept quiet about the fact that the Tigers recruited first one, and then even a second, member of each family. But it would seem that the ruthlessness of terrorists was enough of a barrier then to the free expression that might have saved children, whilst conversely those who advocated child recruitment could propagate their wicked ways even in this august assembly.
Conversely, whilst upholding the right to free expression, we should be careful about encouraging downright falsehoods. Sadly the historic basis of European morality, the Ten Commandments, now seems to have gone by the board. Despite the experience of the horror of witch hunts, the bearing of false witness seems to be positively encouraged, especially against those who seem distant or easily othered.
Perhaps nothing can be done about those who actually tell lies for partisan purposes. But it is regrettable that such utterances are taken up and propagated by those who should be more circumspect. We request then that support for freedom of expression should not lead to support for utterances that promote hatred and enmity, without attention to questions of evidence or credibility.
This work is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported license, which allows free use, distribution, and creation of derivatives, so long as the license is unchanged and clearly noted, and the original author is attributed.
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