OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The New International Encyclopædia/Albany, Louisa Maria Caroline

* related portals: Louise Maximiliane Caroline Emanuel of Stolberg-Gedern.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Wikidata item.
Edition of 1905. See also the disclaimer.
​ALBANY, Louisa Maria Caroline, also Aloysia, Countess of (1753-1824). The wife of Charles Edward Stuart (q.v.), grandson of James II. of England. She was the daughter of Prince Gustavus Adolphus of Stolberg-Gedern, who fell in the battle of Leuthen in 1757. During her married life she bore the name of the Countess of Albany. She had no children, her marriage proved an unhappy one, and in order to escape from the ill-usage of her husband, who lived in a state of continual drunkenness, she sought refuge in a nunnery, 1780. At the death of the Prince, in 1788, the court of France allowed her an annual pension of 60,000 livres. She outlived the house of the Stuarts, which became extinct at the death of her brother-in-law, Cardinal York, in 1807. At Florence, where she lived for a long time, her palace was a notable resort for men famous in political and literary circles. Her name and her misfortunes have been transmitted to posterity through the works and autobiography of Alfieri (q.v.), whose mistress she was after the death of the Prince, and through the treasures of the Musée Fabre, founded by another of her lovers. Her body and that of Alfieri repose in the same tomb in the church of Santa Croce at Florence, between the tombs of Machiavelli and Michelangelo. Consult: Lee, The Countess of Albany (London, 1884); Reumont, Die Gräfin von Albany (Berlin, 1860).
# The Music of Erich Zann

First published March 1922 in The National Amateur.
* "The Music of Erich Zann", in The National Amateur, Vol. 44, No. 4 (1922).
* "The Music of Erich Zann" in Weird Tales, 5 (5) (May 1925)
* "The Music of Erich Zann" in Weird Tales, 24 (5) (November 1934)
* "The Music of Erich Zann", in Famous Fantastic Mysteries, Vol. 12 No. 3 (1951)
# The Music of the Spheres

THE MUSIC OF THE SPHERES
THE MACMILLAN COMPANY NEW YORK · BOSTON · CHICAGO · DALLAS ATLANTA · SAN FRANCISCO
MACMILLAN & CO., LIMITED LONDON · BOMBAY · CALCUTTA MELBOURNE
THE MACMILLAN CO. OF CANADA, LTD. TORONTO
THE MUSIC OF THE SPHERES
A Nature Lover's Astronomy
BY
FLORENCE ARMSTRONG GRONDAL
New York
THE MACMILLAN COMPANY
1926
All rights reserved
Copyright, 1926,
By THE MACMILLAN COMPANY.
Set up and printed.
Published April, 1926.
IN
GRATEFUL APPRECIATION
OF HIS KINDLY AND
HELPFUL INTEREST
THIS BOOK IS
DEDICATED TO
SAMUEL L. BOOTHROYD
PROFESSOR IN CHARGE OF
THE FUERTES OBSERVATORY
CORNELL UNIVERSITY
ITHACA, N. Y.
CONTENTS
FULL PAGE PLATES
ILLUSTRATIONS IN TEXT
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
The longest-living author of this work died in 1977, so this work is in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 46 years or less. This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The Music of Bohemia/The Music of Bohemia

THE MUSIC OF BOHEMIA
IT is the aim of this sketch to set forth the comparatively unfamiliar facts of the musical life of the Czechoslovaks, that people who for so long lived submerged, or, as the old Czech proverb has it, "mixed in the same bag with Germans and Hungarians." The various terms, Bohemian, Czech, Slovak, Czechoslovak, used in this book would probably puzzle an American reader if not defined; thus, to save the long historical and geographical explanations, we may be thoroughly assured by the fact that all these different names mean one nation only, that of the most western branch of the Slavic race in Europe. "Czech" is the Slav name for the Slav people and language in Bohemia,Moravia, and Silesia.The terms used to designate the whole country, the state, are "Bohemia" and "Bohemian." The Czechs themselves do not employ this distinction, but use the word "Czech" in both senses. Slovaks ​are that people who live in the northwestern part of Hungary, called Slovakia, which with Bohemia forms the present republic and nation of the Czechoslovaks.
Bohemian music is not so well known in America as its artistic value and quality deserve. The reasons why it is not so well known are: first, that it was often classed as German music, since it was printed by German publishers; and secondly, it was handicapped by false criticisms by Germans, who saw in this Bohemian musical enthusiasm a desire to further national aims. It is true that the artistic works of great masters help much to foster racial pride and are great moral supports to national efforts, ​but it is more by means of their regenerative artistic qualities than by sentimental nationalistic self-praise. The works of the great Czech masters are worth studying by all lovers of music.
The Czechoslovak nation has received political recognition by the Allied nations and the United States, which has thus made their dream of political independence come true. The people of Czechoslovak origin in the United States, being free and unrestricted under the Stars and Stripes, were able to assist their old country in fighting for freedom. Feeling that this help was possible only in a country like our great democratic nation, they gratefully try to reciprocate by bringing to the American people the best of the Czechoslovak culture.
# The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym

THE NARRATIVE
OF
ARTHUR GORDON PYM.
OF NANTUCKET.
COMPRISING THE DETAILS OF A MUTINY AND ATROCIOUS BUTCHERY. ON BOARD THE AMERICAN BRIG, GRAMPUS, ON HER WAY TO THE SOUTH SEAS, IN THE MONTH OF JUNE, 1827.
WITH AN ACCOUNT OF THE RECAPTURE OF THE VESSEL BY THE SURVIVERS; THEIR SHIPWRECK AND SUBSEQUENT HORRIBLE SUFFERINGS FROM FAMINE; THEIR DELIVERANCE BY MEANS OF THE BRITISH SCHOONER JANE GUY; THE BRIEF CRUISE OF THIS LATTER VESSEL IN THE ANTARCTIC OCEAN; HER CAPTURE, AND THE MASSACRE OF HER CREW AMONG A GROUP OF ISLANDS IN THE
EIGHTY-FOURTH PARALLEL OF SOUTHERN LATITUDE;
TOGETHER WITH THE INCREDIBLE ADVENTURES AND DISCOVERIES
STILL FARTHER SOUTH
TO WHICH THAT DISTRESSING CALAMITY GAVE RISE.
NEW-YORK:
HARPER & BROTHERS, 82 CLIFF-ST.
1838.

## Table of contents

* Preface
* Chapter 1.
* Chapter 2.
* Chapter 3.
* Chapter 4.
* Chapter 5.
* Chapter 6.
* Chapter 7.
* Chapter 8.
* Chapter 9.
* Chapter 10.
* Chapter 11.
* Chapter 12.
* Chapter 13.
* Chapter 14.
* Chapter 15.
* Chapter 16.
* Chapter 17.
* Chapter 18.
* Chapter 19.
* Chapter 20.
* Chapter 21.
* Chapter 22.
* Chapter 23.
* Chapter 24.
* Chapter 25.
* Note
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The New International Encyclopædia/Beckenham

Edition of 1905. See also Beckenham on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
BECKENHAM, bĕk'en-am. A town in Kent, England, 8¾ miles southeast of London, with two stations on the London, Chatham and Dover Railway (Map: England, F 5). The municipality owns an electric-lighting plant and public baths and maintains a technical institute. Population, in 1891, 20,700; in 1901, 26,300.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Becker, Jean

Edition of 1905. See also Jean Becker (violinist) on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
BECKER, Jean (1833-84). A German violin virtuoso. He was born at Mannheim, and studied with Kettenus and Vincenz Lachner. After a short period as a conductor at Mannheim he entered upon a series of brilliant concert tours (1858), and finally settled in Florence, Italy, where in 1886 he established the famous Florentine Quartet.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Becker, Karl Ferdinand (organist)

Edition of 1905. See also Carl Ferdinand Becker (organist) on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
BECKER, Karl Ferdinand (1804-77). A German writer on music, and organist. He was born in Leipzig. He was made professor of organ-playing at the Conservatory in 1843, but resigned in 1856. Among his works on the history of music, which place him in the same rank with Kiesewetter and Winterfeld, the most important are: Die Hausmusik in Deutschland im 16. 17. und 18. Jahrhundert (1840); Die Tonkünstler des 19. Jahrhunderts (1847). He was also among the most active contributors to the Neue Zeitschrift für Musik.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Beck, Madame

Edition of 1905. See also Villette (novel) on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
BECK, Madame. A leading character in Villette, a novel by Charlotte Brontë.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Becke, George Louis

Edition of 1905. See also George Louis Becke on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
BECKE, George Louis (1848—). An Australian novelist. He was born at Port Macquarie, New South Wales. He was a trader in the South Sea Islands from 1870 to 1893, but afterwards removed to England. Becke, who belongs to the school of Stevenson and Conrad, has written, single-handed and in collaboration with Walter Jeffery, many stirring tales of adventure in the Pacific islands. Among them are: By Reef and Palm (1894); The Ebbing of the Tide (1896); Pacific Tales (1897); Wild Life in Southern Seas (1897); The Mutineer (1898); Ridan the Devil (1899); The South Sea Pearler (1900); Tom Wallis (1900); The Tapir and Other Stories (1901); By Rock and Pool (1901); and Breachley: Black Sheep (1902). See Australian Literature.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Becker, August (author)

Edition of 1905. See also August Becker (author) on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
BECKER, August (1828-91). A German author; born at Klingenmünster. He studied at Munich, from 1855 to 1859 was a member of the staff of the Allgemeine Zeitung of Augsburg, and from 1859 to 1864 editor of the liberal Isar-Zeitung. He published Jungfriedel, der Spielmann (1854), a poem which established his reputation, and considerable fiction, including Des Rabbi Vermächtnis (1866); Vervehmt (1868), which was attacked for containing alleged portraitures of contemporaries of the Bavarian Court, and Der Küster von Horst (1889).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Becker, August (painter)

Edition of 1905. See also August Becker (painter) on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
BECK'ER, August (1821-87). A German landscape painter, born at Darmstadt. He studied there under Schilbach, and afterwards at Düsseldorf, and in 1844 traveled in Norway, Switzerland, the Tyrol, and the Scotch Highlands. At Balmoral he instructed the English princesses in landscape painting. His pictures of mountain scenery are particularly valued; they include: “Evening in the Bernese Oberland” (1860 and 1867); “Norwegian Tableland” (1861); and “The Kaisergebirge in the Tyrol” (1864).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Becker, George Ferdinand

Edition of 1905. See also George Ferdinand Becker on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
BECKER, George Ferdinand (1847—). An American geologist; born in New York City. He graduated at Harvard in 1868, and subsequently pursued his scientific studies at Heidelberg and at Berlin. He was instructor in mining and metallurgy at the University of California from 1875 to 1879, and was associated with the United States Geological Survey from 1879 to 1892, and from 1894 to 1897. From 1879 to 1883 he was special agent of the Tenth Census, and in 1896 made an examination of the gold and silver mines of South Africa. In 1898 he accompanied the United States Army to the Philippine Islands as geologist, and upon his return was appointed director of the Division of Chemical and Physical Research. The following is a partial list of his principal works: Atomic Weight Determinations: A Digest of the Investigations Published Since 1814 (1880); Geology of the Comstock Lode and the Washoe District (1882); Statistics and Technology of the Precious Metals (with S. F. Emmons, 1885); Geology of the Quicksilver Deposits of the Pacific Slope (1886); Gold-Fields of the Southern Appalachians (1895); Reports on the gold-fields of South Africa and Alaska, and on the geology of the Philippine Islands. Becker's most important work has been in connection with the origin and mode of occurrence of ore deposits, especially those of the Western States, to the knowledge of which he has made extensive contributions.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Becker, Jakob

Edition of 1905. See also Jakob Becker on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
BECKER, Jakob (1810-72). A German genre painter, born at Dittelsheim. He studied first at Worms, and subsequently under Schirmer at Düsseldorf, and in 1840 was appointed professor of genre and landscape painting in the Städel Institute at Frankfort-on-the-Main. One of his best-known works is the “Praying Peasant Family.”
# The New International Encyclopædia/Becker, Karl

Edition of 1905. See also Karl Becker (statistician) on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
BECKER, Karl (1823-96). A German statistician, born at Strohausen (Oldenburg). He fought in the campaigns of 1848, 1849, and 1850 against Denmark, and rose to be a captain in the Army of Schleswig-Holstein. In 1855 he organized the statistical bureau of Oldenburg, of which he became director, and from 1872 until his retirement in 1891 was director of the statistical office of the German Empire. He edited Statistische Nachrichten über das Grossherzogthum Oldenburg (1857-72), and from 1877 the Monatsheft zur Statistik des Deutschen Reichs. His writings include Zur Berechnung von Sterbetafeln (1874).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Patzum

See also Patzún on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
PATZUM, pȧt-thōōm'. A town of the Department of Chimaltenango, Guatemala, 33 miles west of the city of that name. The chief industry is wool-weaving, and in the vicinity sugarcane, grain, and coffee are produced in abundance. Mines of silver, antimony, lead, and coal are found near by. Its population in 1892 was about 6500.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Pauer, Ernst

See also Ernst Pauer on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
PAUER, pou'ẽr, Ernst (1826—). An Austrian-English pianist and writer on music, born at Vienna. He studied there with Dirzka, Sechter, and the son of Mozart, and at Munich with Lachner. He directed musical societies in Mainz from 1847 until 1851, when he went to London, but did not sever his Continental connections, and gave concerts in Germany and elsewhere. He became a professor at the London Royal Academy of Music in 1859 and was made Austrian Court pianist in 1866. In 1867 he was made principal professor in the National Training School, and from 1883 to 1896 held a similar position at the Royal College of Music. He was appointed musical examiner at Cambridge in 1879. From 1870 he gave musical lectures throughout Great Britain upon the history of music and kindred subjects, with pianoforte illustrations. He fathered German music in London and to the Augener editions he contributed Old English Composers for the Virginal and Harpsichord, as well as the Bach, Handel, Schumann, and other classical and romantic selections. Some of his own studies are included in the series of one hundred called The New Gradus ad Parnassum, which he published. His compositions include besides three operas, a symphony, quartette, quintette, songs, and pianoforte solos.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Paul, Lewis

See also Lewis Paul on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
PAUL, pa̤l, Lewis (?-1759). An English inventor, of whose life very little is known. About 1729 he invented a pinking machine, and his acquaintance with Dr. Johnson seems due to the tact that Mrs. Desmoulins had learned pinking from him. Paul's important patent dates from 1738, and it is the earliest machine for the spinning of wool or cotton by two pairs of revolving rollers. The factories established at Birmingham and Northampton met with no success. Two other patents taken out by Paul were a carding machine (1748) and a spinning machine (1758). They seem to have been no more successful than the first, which, however, was the basis of Arkwright's invention.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Paul, Oskar

See also Oscar Paul on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
PAUL, poul, Oskar (1836—). A German writer on music, born at Freiwaldau, Silesia. He was a pupil of Klingenberg at Görlitz, then of Plaidy, Richter, and Hauptmann at the University of Leipzig, and after sojourns in different German towns he returned to Leipzig (1866), to give private lessons in harmony. Three years afterwards he began to teach musical history in the conservatory of that city, and in 1872 he was appointed professor extraordinarius at the university. He founded and edited the periodical Tonhalle, which was merged into the Musikalische Wochenblatt; published Hauptmann's Lehre der Harmonik (1868); wrote Geschichte des Claviers (1869); Handlexicon der Tonkunst (1871-73); and made the first German translation of Boëthius (1872).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Paul, Charles Kegan

See also Charles Kegan Paul on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
PAUL, Charles Kegan (1828-1902). An English publisher and author, born at White Lackington, Somersetshire. He was educated at Eton and at Exeter College, Oxford; from 1853 to 1862 was a master at Eton, and, after twelve years as vicar of Sturminster, entered the publishing business, from which he retired in 1899. As an author he is best known for his biographies and translations: A Translation of Faust (1873); Life of William Godwin (1876); Letters of Mary Wollstonecraft (1879); Biographical Sketches (1883); Maria Drummond (1891); Huysmans's En Route (1896); and Memories (1899). In Faith and Unfaith (1891) Paul hinted at his own religious beliefs; he left the Church of England for Positivism, and in his last years entered the Roman Catholic Church.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Paul, Hermann

See also Hermann Paul on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
PAUL, poul, Hermann (1846—). A German philologist. He was born in Magdeburg; studied at Berlin and Leipzig, and in 1874 became professor in the University of Freiburg. In 1893 he
was appointed professor of German philology at the University of Munich. His publications include: Gab es eine mittelhochdeutsche Schriftsprache? (1873); Zur Lautverschiebung (1874); Kritische Beiträge zu den Minnesingern (1876); Zur Nibelungenfrage (1877); Mittelhochdeutsche Grammatik (5th ed. 1900). He is best known in the United States by his Prinzipien der Sprachgeschichte (1880; 3d ed. 1898), translated into English by Strong (1888), and retranslated with changes by Strong, Logeman, and Wheeler (1891). As editor of Grundriss der germanischen Philologie (1891-93; 2d ed. 1896 et seq.), he rendered valuable service to modern philology. After 1874 he with W. Braune edited the Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Patton, Francis Landey

See also Francis Landey Patton on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
PAT′TON, Francis Landey (1843—). An American clergyman and educator. He was born at Warwick, Bermuda. He studied at Knox College, of the University of Toronto, and at Princeton Seminary, New Jersey. He was ordained to the ministry in 1865, and after holding several pastorates was, in 1871, appointed professor of didactic and polemical theology in the Theological Seminary of the Northwest (now McCormick Seminary, Chicago), where he remained ten years. During the period from 1873 to 1876 he edited the religious journal The Interior (Chicago), in which connection he brought charges of heresy against Prof. David Swing, resulting in the latter's trial and subsequent withdrawal from the Church. While in Chicago, he also held the pastorate of the Jefferson Park Presbyterian Church, and in 1878 was elected moderator of the Presbyterian General Assembly. In 1881 he assumed the professorship endowed for him in Princeton Theological Seminary, styled the chair of the relations of philosophy and science to the Christian religion; in 1885 he became professor of ethics in the college, and in 1888 succeeded James McCosh in the presidency. In 1891 and 1892 he was again
prominent as an opponent of the so-called heretical views of Dr. C. A. Briggs, of Union Theological Seminary. In 1902 he resigned from the presidency of Princeton University, but was soon after elected to that of the seminary. His administration of Princeton was marked by the assumption of the title Princeton University in place of the charter name, ‘The College of New Jersey,’ and by large donations which enabled the university to make extensive additions to its equipment and buildings. The number of students nearly doubled during this period from 1888 to 1902, and new courses were added to both the scientific and academic departments. Perhaps most important in the future development of Princeton as a university was the founding of a graduate school. President Patton became widely known as a forcible speaker and a keen, logical thinker on theological subjects. He contributed frequently to leading periodicals and wrote Inspiration of the Scriptures (1869), and Summary of Christian Doctrine (1874).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Paul, Apocalypse of

See also the disclaimer.
PAUL, Apocalypse of. See Apocrypha, section on New Testament.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Patuxent

See also Patuxent River on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
PATUX'ENT. A river of Maryland, rising in Frederick County, and flowing southeastward into Chesapeake Bay north of the Potomac (Map: Maryland, L 5). It is 90 miles long, and for the last 40 miles it is a navigable tidal estuary abounding in valuable oyster beds.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Pau

See also Pau, Pyrénées-Atlantiques on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
PAU, pṓ. The capital of the Department of Basses-Pyrénées, France, on the Gave de Pau, 105 miles south-southeast of Bordeaux (Map: France, F 8). It occupies a rocky height, cloven in two by a ravine and united by a high bridge. Toward the south it commands magnificent views of the western Pyrenees. Among its chief buildings are the two Gothic churches of Saint Martin and Saint James, a palace of Justice, a beautiful theatre, museum, a public library containing over 55,000 volumes, and a winter palace built in 1896 in Beaumont Park. The Château of Henry IV., erected in the fourteenth century on the site of an older castle, dominates the town and contains interesting memorials of the kings of Navarre. A striking marble statue of Henry IV. stands on the Place Royale in the centre of the town. There are linen and cloth manufactures, and a trade in Jurançon wine, grain, marble, and leather. Many swine are fed in the vicinity, and from the pork the famous jambons de Bayonne are made. Pau is a favorite resort of the English, especially during the winter, and is a general rendezvous for those who wish to
explore the Pyrenees. Population, in 1891, 33,111; in 1901, 34,268. Founded in the tenth century, Pau became important as the residence of the sovereigns of Navarre in the fifteenth century.