OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# A Dictionary of All Religions and Religious Denominations/Hebrews

*HEBREWS, the posterity of Eber, the ancestor of Abraham (Gen. xi. 16-26) and the Jews. So Paul, being by both parents a Jew, calls himself an Hebrew of the Hebrews, Phil. iii. 5, Some think, however, that the term was used in allusion to its original import, a pilgrim or stranger; so they read, Gen. x. 21. Shem was the father of all the children not of Eber, but of passage or pilgrimage, i. e. of all pilgrims. See Heb. xi. 12—16.

## Original footnotes

* ↑ Parkhurst's Greek Lex, in $\mathrm {E} \beta \rho \alpha \iota \mathrm {o} \sigma$
# A Dictionary of All Religions and Religious Denominations/Helcesaite

HECLESAITES, or HELSAITES: See Eclesaites; and to what is there said, it may be added, that they appear to be a party of Ebionites, called also Ossens, Sampseans, and Ampsenians, who subsisted under one or other of these names through most part of the second and third centuries. Their opinions are involved in much obscurity: thus far seems to be ascertained, that they rejected certain parts of both the old and new testaments; and in some cases excused apostasy, or at least admitted of equivocation, when called upon to renounce christianity.

## Original footnotes

* ↑ Lardner's Heretics, p. 434, &c.
# A Dictionary of All Religions and Religious Denominations/Hellenists

*HELLENISTS, Jews who speak the Greek language. Acts vi. 1. To such we are indebted for the Greek version of the old testament, commonly called the Septuagint, or the version of the seventy. Others think they were Grecian proselytes to the Jewish religion, Grecian Jews.

## Original footnotes

* ↑ Doddridge in loc.
* ↑ Wolfius in loc. Parkhurst's Greek Lex. in $\mathrm {E} \lambda \lambda \eta \nu \iota \sigma \tau \eta \sigma$
# A Dictionary of All Religions and Religious Denominations/Henricians

HENRICIANS, the followers of one Henry, a pious and zealous monk of the twelfth century. He rejected the baptism of infants, censured with severity the licentious manners of the clergy, whom he in vain attempted to reform, and treated the festivals and ceremonies of the church with great contempt. He died in prison.

## Original footnotes

* ↑ Mosheim, vol. ii. p. 448.
# A Dictionary of All Religions and Religious Denominations/Heracleonites

HERACLEONITES, the followers of Herracleon, from whom they were named. See Valentinians.

## Original footnotes

* ↑ Brough. vol. i. p. 484.
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Bernhard, Wilhelm

From volume 1 of the work.
[ F. G. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Bertinotti, Teresa

From volume 1 of the work.
[ J. M. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Bernsdorf, Eduard

From volume 1 of the work.
[ A. M. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Berselli, Matteo

From volume 1 of the work.
[ J. M. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Berta

From volume 1 of the work.
​BERTA, or The Gnome of the Hartzberg, a romantic opera in 2 acts; words by Edward Fitzball; music by Henry Smart. Produced at the Haymarket Theatre, May 26, 1855.
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Bertini, Giuseppe

From volume 1 of the work.
​BERTINI, Giuseppe, son of Salvatore Bertini, a musician at Palermo, born there about 1756; a composer of church music, and author of 'Dizionario … degli scrittori di musica' (Palermo, 1814), which, although largely borrowed from Choron and Fayolles, contains interesting original articles on Italian musicians.
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Berner, Friedrich

From volume 1 of the work.
[ F. G. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Bernhard, Christoph

From volume 1 of the work.
[ F. G. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Bertin, Louise

From volume 1 of the work.
​BERTIN, Louise Angelique, born near Paris 1805, contralto singer, pianist, and composer. 'Le Loup Garou' (Paris, 1827) and 'Faust' (1831) were her most successful operas, though Victor Hugo himself adapted the libretto for her 'La Esmeralda' (1836). Mlle. Bertin's imperfect studies account for the crudities and irregularities to be found in her writings among many evidences of genius. She died Ap. 26, 1877.
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Bertini, Henri

From volume 1 of the work.
​BERTINI, Henri, born in London 1798 [App. p.545 "Oct. 28"], a pianist, the last member of a musical family, which included the father, born at Tours 1750, and an elder brother Benoît Auguste, who was a pupil of Clementi, and trained Henri after that master's method. At the age of twelve his father took him for a successful concert-tour in Holland, the Netherlands, and Germany. He was for some time in England and Scotland, but in 1821 settled finally in Paris. As a performer he excelled alike in phrasing and execution. His compositions (of which Fétis gives a complete list) were excellent for their time, but his chief work is an admirable course of studies. He died at Meylan, Oct. 1, 1876.
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Elisabeth of York

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ELISABETH
Of York, daughter of Edward the Fourth and Elisabeth Woodvllle, was born February 11th., 1466. When about ten years old, she was betrothed to Charles, eldest son of Louis the Eleventh of France; but when the time for the marriage approached, the contract was broken by Louis, demanding the heiress of Burgundy in marriage for the dauphin. This so enraged her father, that the agitation is said to have caused his death. After the decease of Edward, Elisabeth shared her mother's trials, and her grief and resentment at the murder of her two young brothers by Richard the Third. She remained with her mother for some time in sanctuary, to escape the cruelty of the king, her uncle; and while there, was betrothed to Henry of Richmond. But in March, 1483, they were obliged to surrender themselves; Elisabeth was separated from her mother, and forced to acknowledge herself the illegitimate child of Edward the Fourth. On the death of Anne, the queen of Richard the Third, it was rumoured that he intended to marry his niece, Elisabeth, which caused, so much excitement in the public mind, that Richard was obliged to disavow the report. Elisabeth herself shewed such an aversion to her uncle, that she was confined in the castle of Sheriff Hutton, in Yorkshire. After the battle of Bosworth, August 22nd., 1485, in which Richard the Third was slain, Henry of Richmond was declared king, under the title of Henry the Seventh; and on January 18th., 1486, he was married to the Princess Elisabeth—thus uniting the houses of York and Lancaster. Elisabeth was the mother of several children; the eldest of whom, Arthur, Prince of Wales, married, in 1501, Katharine of Arragon, afterwards the wife of his younger brother, Henry the Eighth, Arthur dying live months after his marriage. Elisabeth died, February 11th., 1503, a few days after the birth of a daughter. She was a gentle, pious, and well-beloved princess, and deeply lamented by her husband, although his natural reserve led him often to be accused of coldness towards her. She was very beautiful
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Elizabeth, Christina

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ELIZABETH, CHRISTINA,
Wife of Frederic the Second of Prussia, Princess of Brunswick Wolfenbüttel, was born in 1716, at Brunswick; married in 1733 and died in 1797. Being Compelled to this marriage, Frederic lived separate from her during his whole life. But on his ascending the throne in 1740, he gave her proofs of his esteem, and on his death ordered her revenue of forty thousand crowns to be increased to fifty thousand; 'for," said he, "during my whole reign she has never given me the slightest cause of dissatisfaction." Half of her income she appropriated to benevolent purposes. She translated several German works into French; and wrote in French, "La Sage Revolution;" "Meditation à l'Occasion du Renouvellement de l'Année, sur les Soins que le Providence k pour les Humains, etc.;" "Reflexions pourtous les Jours de la Semaine;" "Réflexions sur l'Etat des Affairs publiques, en 1778, addressés aux Personaes craentives."
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Elizabeth, Philippine Marie Helene, of France, Madame

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ELIZABETH, PHILIPPINE MARIE HELENE, OF FRANCE, MADAME,
Sister of Louis the Sixteenth, was born at Versailles, May 23rd., 1764, and perished by the guillotine. May 10th., 1794. She was the youngest child of the dauphin Louis and his second wife, Josephine of Saxony, who died when Elizabeth was but three years old. She received an excellent education, and her acquirements were considerable. Her proposed union with the Duke of Aosta, Infant of Spain, second son of the King of the Two Sicilies, was never concluded. When the private establishment of Elizabeth was fixed, she received twenty-five thousand francs annually for the purchase of diamonds; but she requested that this sum should be paid for six years to a young favourite, whose poverty prevented her marriage. The revolution destroyed her happiness; but, during all its scenes of terror, she devoted herself to her brother the king and his family. She attended him everywhere, and often inspired him with firmness. When mistaken for the Queen, June 20th., 1792, the cry was raised, "Down with the Austrian woman!" and the mob were about to kill her. An officer of the guard corrected the mistake, when she said calmly, "Why undeceive them? You might have spared them a greater crime."
She was confined with the royal family in the Temple, where she devoted herself to her fellow-prisoners. On the evening of May 9th., 1794, Elizabeth was led from the Temple to the Conciergerie, and tried for carrying on a correspondence with her brother. When asked her name and rank before the revolutionary tribunal. May 10th., she replied with dignity, "I am Elizabeth of France, the aunt of your king." This bold answer filled the judges with astonishment. Twenty-four others were sentenced with her, and she had to witness the execution of them all. She met death calmly, without uttering a single complaint against her judges.
Though not beautiful, Elizabeth was very attractive and lovely. She was modest and timid in prosperity, but calm and courageous in adversity. Her character was spotless.
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Elizabeth of France

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ELIZABETH OF FRANCE,
Daughter of Henry the Second, and of Catherine de Medicis, was born at Fontainebleau, in 1545. She was the destined wife of Edward the Sixth; but the marriage was prevented by his premature death. Elizabeth was then betrothed to Don Carlos, Infant of Spain; and though they were mutually attached to each other, she was compelled, in spite of her repugnance, to marry his father, Philip the Second, who became a widower by the death of his wife Mary. Don Carlos never forgave this injury; and having ex​pressed his sentiments too freely, was murdered, probably by the command of his father, who was jealous of him. Elizabeth was deeply affected by the fate of Don Carlos; she died, in childbed, ten weeks after him, at the age of twenty-two. She left two daughters.
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Elizabeth, Charlotte

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ELIZABETH, CHARLOTTE,
Duchess of Orleans, only daughter of the Elector Charles Louis, of the Palatinate, was born at Heidelberg in 1652. She was a princess of distinguished talents and character, and lived half a century in the court of Louis the Fourteenth, without changing her German habits for French manners. Educated with the greatest care, at the court of her aunt, afterwards the Electoress Sophia of Hanover, at the age of nineteen, she married Duke Philip of Orleans, from reasons of state policy. She was without personal charms, but her understanding was strong, and her character unaffected; and she was characterized by liveliness and wit. Madame de Maintenon was her implacable enemy; but Louis the Fourteenth was attracted by her integrity and frankness, her vivacity and wit. She often attended him to the chase. She preserved the highest respect for the literary men of Germany, particularly for Leibnitz, whose correspondence with the French literati she promoted. She died At St. Cloud in 1722. She has described herself and her situation with a natural humour, perfectly original, in her German letters, which form an interesting addition to the accounts of the court of ​Louis the Fourteenth. The most valuable of her letters are contained in the "Life and Character of the Duchess Elizabeth. Charlotte of Orleans," by Professor Schütz, Leipsic, 1820.
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Elizabeth of Austria

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ELIZABETH OF AUSTRIA,
Daughter of the Emperor Maximilian the Second, and wife of Charles the Ninth, King of France, was married at Mézieres, Nov. 26th., 1570. She was one of the most beautiful women of her time; but her virtue even surpassed her beauty. The jealousy of the queen-mother, Catharine de Medicis, and the influence she possessed over the mind of her son, prevented Elizabeth from having any share in the events that occurred in the tumultuous reign of Charles the Ninth.
The deplorable massacre of St. Bartholomew affected her extremely; though she was not informed of it till the morning, lest her opposition should influence the king.
She was gentle and patient, and devoted herself entirely to domestic concerns. Warmly attached to the king, during his illness, she spent all the time, when she was not attending on him, in prayers for his recovery. Thus she always preserved his affection and esteem; and he often said, that he might boast of having the most discreet and virtuous wife, not only in whole France, or is all Europe, but in the whole world.
Elizabeth wrote two books: one "On the Word of God;" the other, "On the principal events that happened during her residence in France." After the death of the king, her husband, she retired to Vienna, where she died, in 1592, at the age of thirty-eight, in a convent of her own foundation.
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Elisabeth, wife of Zacharias

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ELISABETH,
Wife of Zacharias, and the mother of John the Baptist. St. Luke says that she was of the daughters of, Aaron, of the race of priests. Her ready faith, and rejoicing acknowledgment of the "Lord" shew the warm soul of a pious woman. "Elisabeth was filled with the Holy Ghost;" that is, inspired to understand that her young cousin, Mary the virgin, would become the mother of the Messiah. Thus was the Saviour foretold, welcomed and adored by a woman, before he had taken the form of humanity. This tender sensibility to divine truth, when mysteriously manifested, has never been thus fully understood, and fondly cherished, by any man. Do not these examples shew, conclusively, that the nature of woman is most in harmony with heavenly things? See St. Luke, chap. i.
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Elizabeth Petrowna

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ELIZABETH PETROWNA,
The second daughter of Czar Peter the Great, was placed on the throne of Russia by the revolution of 1741. She was born in 1709, and was extremely beautiful. This, as well as her exalted rank and large dowry, occasioned her several offers; but she refused them all, and died unmarried. During the life of her father, Peter the First, negotiations commenced for her marriage with Louis the Fifteenth, but were not adopted by the court of France. By the will of Catharine, Elizabeth was betrothed to Charles Augustus, Bishop of Lubec, Duke of Sleswick and Holstein, and brother to the King of Sweden; but he died before the completion of the ceremony. In the reign of Peter the Second, she was demanded by Charles, Maigrave of Anspach; in 1741, by the Persian tyrant, Kouli Khan; and, at the time of the revolution, the regent Ann endeavoured to force her to espouse Prince Louis of Brunswick, for whom she had a settled aversion. From the period of her accession she renounced all thoughts of marriage, and adopted her nephew Peter. Her dislike to marriage did not proceed from any aversion to the other sex; for she would frequently own that she was never happy but when she was in love. The same warmth of temper carried her to extremes of devotion; and she was scrupulously exact in her annual confessions, expressed the utmost contrition for her numerous transgressions, and adhered to the minutest ceremonies and ordinances of the church.
She is generally styled the humane Elizabeth, as she made a vow upon her accession to inflict no capital punishments during her reign; and is reported to have shed tears upon the news of every victory gained by her troops, from the reflection that it could not have been obtained, without great bloodshed. But, although no criminal was formally executed in public, yet the state prisons were filled with wretched sufferers, many of whom, unheard of and unknown, perished in damp and unwholesome dungeons. The state inquisition, or secret committee, appointed to judge persons suspected of high treason, had constant occupation during her reign; many on the slightest suspicion were secretly tortured, and many expired under the knout But the transaction that reflects the deepest disgrace on her reign was the public punishment of two ladies of rank, the Countesses Bestuchef and Sapookin, who each received fifty strokes of the knout in the open square of St. Petersburg; their tongues were then cut out, and they were banished to Siberia. Madame Sapookin, who was thought the most beautiful woman in Russia, was accused of carrying on a secret correspondence with the French ambassador; but her real crime was, her having commented too freely on the amours of the Empress.
Elizabeth died on the 25th. of December, 1761, in the twenty-first year of her reign, and the fifty-third of her age.
During the reign of Elizabeth, Ivan, grandson of Peter the Great, and rightful heir to the throne of Russia, was kept by her in strict confinement.
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Mary of Anjou

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MARY OF ANJOU,
Daughter of Louis the Second, King of Sicily and Duke of Anjou, was the wife of Charles the Seventh, and the mother of Louis the Eleventh of France. She was a woman of a very heroic character, and though insulted and neglected by her husband, during the latter part of their married life, she applied all the powers of her great mind to secure the crown to him. She died in 1463, aged fifty-nine. She was a devoted mother, and superintended herself her children's education.
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Mary of Brabant

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MARY OF BRABANT,
Daughter of Henry the Third, Duke of Brabant, married Philip the Bold of France, in 1274. She was accused of poisoning her husband's eldest son, by a former marriage; but was deemed innocent because of the knight, who was sent by her brother to challenge her accusers, proving victorious. She was a woman of a cultivated mind, and possessed great influence. She died in 1321.
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Masham, Lady Damaris

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MASHAM, LADY DAMARIS,
Was the daughter of Dr. Ralph Cudworth, and born at Cambridge, on the 18th. of January, 1668. She was the second wife of Sir Francis Masham, of Oates, in the county of Essex, by whom she ​had only one son. Her father took great pains in her education; and she was skilled in philosophy and divinity. Much of her improvement was undoubtedly owing to her intimacy with the famous Locke, who lived many years in her family, and died in her house at Oates. She wrote "A Discourse concerning the Love of God," and "Occasional Thoughts in reference to a Virtuous and Christian Life;" and several other pamphlets which she published anonymously. She died in 1708, and was interred in the cathedral church at Bath, where a monument is erected to her memory.
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Matilda, Countess of Tuscany

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MATILDA,
Countess of Tuscany, daughter of Boniface, Marquis of Mantua, was born in 1039. Her mother, Beatrice, sister of Henry the Third, Emperor of Germany, after the death of Boniface, married Galezo, Duke of Lorraine, and contracted Matilda to Godfrey Gibbosus, or Crookback, Duke of Spoleto and Tuscany, Galezo's son by a former marriage. This alliance alarmed Henry, who marched into Italy, took his sister prisoner, and carried her to Germany, hoping to dissolve the agreement; but he died soon after, in 1056. Matilda's husband also died, in 1076, and she was afterwards married to Azo the Fifth, Marquis of Ferrara, from whom she was divorced by the pope, as she was also from her third husband, Welpho the Fifth, Duke of Bavaria, whom she married in 1088. She parted from him in 1095. Dispossessed of her estates by the Emperor Henry the Third, she recovered them, with vast additions, by the aid of the pope, Gregory the Seventh, who was always a friend of hers, and to whose interests Matilda through life devoted herself. She died in 1115, leaving all her estates to the see of Rome.
Matilda, in her wars with the emperor, manifested an indomitable firmness, that no reverses could shake. It would be tedious to trace the various brawls—they hardly deserve the dignified name of wars—which vexed the little sovereignties of that period. Matilda was so situated as to be shaken by every swell of the storm, but she emerged with honour from all her conflicts. With rare heroism she made and sustained sieges, manoeuvred troops, and, after many disasters, proved victorious, enlarged her dominions, and exalted her fame. Dante, so severe upon every flaw, gives this lady unqualified praise in his "Purgatorio," where she is celebrated in beautiful verse.
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Mary of France

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MARY OF FRANCE,
Is one of the first of her sex who wrote French verses, and she holds a distinguished rank among the Anglo-Norman poets. Her learning, her enlightened opinions, and the courage she shewed in speaking the truth to ears little accustomed to hear it, place her far in advance of her age. It is to be regretted that the writings of this celebrated woman have thrown no light on her private life, or the name and rank of her family. She was born in France, and probably in Normandy, in 1200. She came to England, where she composed all her works, and died about 1268. Her first productions are lays in French, relating the adventures of valiant knights. There are fourteen of them; she also wrote a hundred and three fables, which shew great penetration into character, deep reflection, and are written in an easy and unaffected style.