OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Patch, Thomas

​PATCH, THOMAS (d. 1782), painter and engraver, after studying art in London, went as a young man to Italy, making his way thither, chiefly on foot, in company with Richard Dalton the artist. He arrived at Rome some time before 1750, and became a student at the academy there. He was patronised by the Earl of Charlemont and other amateurs, for whom he painted or copied pictures. His eccentric behaviour, however, drew on him the displeasure of the church authorities, and he had to leave Rome hurriedly towards the end of 1755. He then removed to Florence, where he resided until his death. When in Rome he became acquainted, and appears to have travelled in company, with Sir Joshua Reynolds [q. v.], who introduced a portrait of Patch into the caricature of ‘The School of Athens,’ drawn by Reynolds in 1751. At Florence Patch became well known among the English residents, and was a great friend of Sir Horace Mann [q. v.], who frequently recommended Patch and his works to Horace Walpole and other friends in England or on their travels. Patch was one of the first artists to discern the supreme merits of Masaccio's frescos in the Church of the Carmini at Florence. He made careful drawings of these, which are the more valuable as the original paintings were shortly afterwards seriously damaged by fire. Though Patch had no previous experience of engraving, he etched these drawings on copper, and published them in twenty-six plates in 1770 as ‘The Life of the Celebrated Painter, Masaccio,’ with a dedication to Sir Horace Mann. In 1772 he published a series of twenty-four etchings from the works of Fra Bartolommeo, dedicated to Horace Walpole; and another series from the pictures by Giotto in the Church of the Carmini, dedicated to Bernardo Manetti. In 1774 he published a set of engravings by himself and F. Gregory from Lorenzo Ghiberti's Gates of the Baptistery of San Giovanni at Florence. All these works have merit, and entitle Patch to a foremost place among the students of early Florentine art. Patch also executed a number of caricatures of English travellers and residents in Florence, including two of himself. A small ‘caricature’ painting of the bibliophile Duke of Roxburghe, by Patch, is in the National Portrait Gallery. He painted conversation pieces and landscapes. Two views of the Arno by him are at Hampton Court; and he engraved a similar view himself. He also engraved portraits of Nicolas Poussin, Sir J. Hawkwood, A. P. Bellori (after C. Maratti), some landscapes after Gaspar Poussin, &c. Patch was seized with apoplexy in Sir Horace Mann's house at Florence, and died on 30 April 1782. There are a few drawings by him in the print-room at the British Museum. His brother, James Patch, was a surgeon in Norfolk Street, London.
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Pate, Richard (1516-1588)

​PATE, RICHARD (1516–1588), founder of the Cheltenham grammar school, commonly described as of Minsterworth, Gloucestershire, was born on 24 Sept. 1516. At the age of sixteen he was admitted ‘disciple’ (= scholar) on the Gloucestershire foundation of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, but never became fellow. He was a commissioner to Henry VIII and Edward VI for taking a survey of all the suppressed religious foundations in Gloucester, Bristol, and neighbouring places, and himself purchased of Edward VI several of the lands belonging to these monasteries in Gloucestershire and elsewhere. He was also for many years recorder of Gloucester. In 1586 he founded the grammar school and almshouses (‘hospital’) at Cheltenham which still bear his name, and by an indenture dated 6 Oct. of that year he covenants with Corpus Christi College that, in return for undertaking the charge of his property and administering the benefaction, they shall, as stipulated in the statutes of the founder, receive one-fourth part of the gross revenue. This property, which was situated in Cheltenham and Gloucester, brought in at that time a gross sum of about 54l. a year. It now, in some years, produces a net income of over 2,000l. Pate died on 28 Oct. 1588, in his seventy-third year, and was buried in the south transept of Gloucester Cathedral, where his monument was renewed by Corpus Christi College in 1688. He is dressed in the habit of a lawyer, and is represented together with his wife and children. There is also a fine portrait of him, apparently contemporary, though by an unknown artist, in the Corpus common room. This Richard Pate must not be confounded with Richard Pate or Pates [q. v.], bishop of Worcester.
T. F.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lambart, Charles

​LAMBART, CHARLES, first Earl of Cavan (1600–1660), the eldest son of Oliver Lambart, first baron Lambart in the Irish peerage [q. v.], and Hester, daughter of Sir William Fleetwood of Carrington Manor, Bedfordshire, was born in 1600. He is said to have been educated at Cambridge. On the death of his father on 23 May 1618 he became second Baron Lambart, and was given in wardship to his mother on 26 April 1619. On 8 Aug. 1622 he had a grant of 1,296 acres of land in Westmeath and King's County as part of a scheme for the plantation of Leinster. Lambart represented Bossiney, Cornwall, in the English parliaments of 1625 and 1627, and on 4 Nov. 1634 made his first appearance in the Irish House of Lords, where he frequently spoke. On 6 March 1627 he was appointed seneschal for the government of the county of Cavan and the town of Kells. Henceforth he lived in Ireland, and on 17 May 1628 he succeeded to the command of Lord Moore's company of foot. On the outbreak of the rebellion in 1641 Lambart's estates suffered very severely; in November of that year he raised a regiment of a thousand foot. On 12 Nov. 1641 he was one of those appointed to confer with the rebels in Ulster. Lambart now became a notable commander; he was with Ormonde in February 1643 at the rout of Kilsaghlan, and when in 1642 Sir Charles Coote ​the elder [q. v.] left Dublin, Lambart became military governor, and was continued in this position by order of council of 12 May 1642, on the receipt of the news of Coote's death. He was also made a privy councillor. But he had difficulties with a discontented military party under Sir John Temple, and with the civil authorities, who disliked his contempt for the common law and somewhat hasty procedure. In May 1643 he marched with a thousand horse into Wicklow on a foraging expedition. He helped to arrange the cessation from hostilities of 1643, its renewal in 1644, and the examination of the Earl of Glamorgan in December 1645. On 1 April 1647 he was made Earl of Cavan and Viscount Kilcoursie.
After the reduction of Ireland by the parliament Cavan was in poor circumstances, but he had a lease granted to him of Clontarf and Arlaine, and a pension of 30s. a week for himself and 1l. for his wife. He died on 25 June 1660, and was buried in St. Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin. He married Jane (d. 1655), daughter of Richard, lord Robartes, and by her had a numerous family, of whom Richard, the second earl, was a lunatic, and Oliver, the third son, surviving the second son, succeeded to the family estates under the will of his father.
[Lodge's Peerage, ed. Archdall, i. 353; G. E. C[okayne]'s Complete Peerage, art. ‘Cavan;’ Gilbert's Hist. of the Irish Confederation, passim; Carte's Ormonde, i. 263, &c.]
W. A. J. A.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lambart, Richard Ford William

​LAMBART, RICHARD FORD WILLIAM, seventh Earl of Cavan (1763–1836), general, born 10 Sept. 1763, was only son of Richard, sixth earl, by his second wife, Elizabeth, eldest daughter of George Davies, a commissioner of the navy. He succeeded his father in the title 2 Nov. 1778. He was appointed ensign Coldstream guards 2 April 1779, lieutenant 1781, captain-lieutenant 1790, captain and lieutenant-colonel 23 Aug. 1793, second major 9 May, and first major 19 Nov. 1800, having in the meantime attained major-general's rank in 1798. His name is not in the roll of the officers of his regiment who served in America (Mackinnon, vol. ii.). He was wounded at Valenciennes 3 Jan. 1793, commanded a brigade in Ireland (Londonderry) in 1798–9, and in the Ferrol expedition and before Cadiz in 1800. He commanded a line brigade in Egypt in 1801, and when General Ludlow [see Ludlow, George James, third Earl Ludlow] was removed to a brigade of the line on 9 Aug., Cavan succeeded to the command of the brigade of guards. As part of Eyre Coote's division the brigade was sent to attack Alexandria from the westward. The city surrendered 2 Sept. 1801. When Lord Hutchinson [see Hely-Hutchinson, John, second Earl of Donoughmore] left in October, Cavan succeeded to the command of the whole army remaining in Egypt, including the troops under David (afterwards Sir David) Baird [q. v.] Cavan held a brigade command in the eastern counties in England during the invasion alarms of 1803–4, and in ​1805 was lieutenant-general commanding in the Isle of Wight. Cavan was a knight of the Crescent, and was one of the six officers, besides Lord Nelson, who received the diamond aigrette. He became a full general in 1814, and was in succession colonel-commandant of a second battalion 68th foot, and colonel of the 2nd West Indian and 45th regiments. He was governor of Calshot Castle, Hampshire. Cavan died in London 21 Nov. 1836. He married, first, in 1782, Honora Margaretta, youngest daughter and coheiress of Sir Henry Gould the younger [q. v.] (she died in 1813); and secondly, in 1814, Lydia, second daughter of William Arnold of Slatswood, Isle of Wight. He left issue by both marriages.
H. M. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lambe, William (1495-1580)

​LAMBE, WILLIAM (1495–1580), London merchant and benefactor, son of William Lambe, was born at Sutton Valence, Kent, in 1493. According to the statement of Abraham Fleming, his contemporary biographer, Lambe came from 'a mean estate' in the country to be a gentleman of the Chapel Royal to Henry VIII. He was admitted a freeman of the Clothworkers' Company in 1568, and served the office of master in 1569-70. In early life he lived in London Wall, next to the ancient hermitage chapel of St. James's, belonging to the abbey of Gerendon in Leicestershire. Two monks of this community served the chapel as chaplains. A well belonging to them supplied its name to the adjoining Monkwell street. Through his influence with the king Lambe purchased this chapel at the dissolution, by letters patent dated 30 March 34 Henry VIII (1542), and bequeathed it with his house, lands, and tenements, to the value of 30l. yearly, to the Company of Clothworkers. Out of this he directed that a minister should be engaged to perform divine service in his chapel every Sunday, Wednesday, and Friday throughout the year, and to preach four sermons yearly before the members of the company, who were to attend in their gowns. The company were also to provide clothing for twenty-four poor men and women, and received 4l. yearly from the trust for their pains. Lambe's chapel, with the almshouses adjoining, was pulled down in 1825, and in 1872, under an act of 35 & 36 Vict. cap. 154, the chapel was finally removed to Prebend Square, Islington, where the present church of St. James's, of the foundation of William Lambe, was erected in its stead. At the west end of the church is a fine bust of the founder in his livery gown, with a purse in one hand and his gloves in the other. It bears the date 1613, and was removed from the chapel in London Wall.
[A Memoriall of the famous Monuments and Charitable Almesdeedes of Right Worshipfull Maister William Lambe. Esquire, by Abraham Fleming, 1583, reprinted, with pedigree and notes by Charles Frederick Angell, 1875; Timbs's Curiosities of London.]
C. W-h.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lambe, Robert

​LAMBE, ROBERT (1712–1795), author, the son of John Lambe, mercer, was born at Durham in 1712. He was admitted a sizar of St. John's College, Cambridge, 13 April 1728, and graduated B. A. in 1733-4. Taking holy orders, he was successively a minor canon of Durham Cathedral, perpetual curate of South Shields, and from 1747 vicar of Norham in Northumberland. He was of eccentric disposition. Suddenly determining to marry Philadelphia Nelson, the daughter of a Durham carrier, whom he had seen only once, and that many years before, he sent a proposal to her by letter, inviting her to meet him on Berwick pier, and bidding her carry a tea-caddy under her arm for purposes of identification. On the appointed day, owing to his habitual absent-mindedness, he failed to meet her, but the marriage took place on 11 April 1755. He died at Edinburgh in 1795, and was buried in Eyemouth churchyard, Berwick-on-Tweed. His wife had died in 1772. A daughter, Philadelphia, married Alexander Robertson of Prenderguest in Berwickshire; two sons died young.
Lambe wrote 'The History of Chess,' London, 1764; another edition, 1765. His chief work, however, was 'An Exact and Circumstantial History of the Battle of Flodden, in verse, written about the time of Queen Elizabeth,' Berwick, 1774, 8vo; Newcastle, 1809, 8vo. This is said to be published from a manuscript in the possession of John Askew of Pallingsburn, Northumberland; the notes, especially those on etymology, are numerous and very curious. Lambe was also the author of the ballad 'The Laidley Worm of Spindleston Heugh,' which Hutchinson thought ancient, and inserted in his 'History of Northumberland.' Percy, in the preface to his 'Reliques,' mentions Lambe as one who had been of service to him.
[Notes and Queries, 5th ser. iv. 308, 392, 418, 492, 520, v. 178, x. 337, xii. 356; Nichols's Lit. Illustr. vii. 391-3; Child's Ballads, i. 281.]
W. A. J. A.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lambert

​LAMBERT. [See also Lambart.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Peacock, James (1738?-1814)

​PEACOCK, JAMES (1738?–1814), architect, born about 1738, became assistant to George Dance the younger [q. v.] when Dance was appointed architect and surveyor to the city of London at Guildhall. He retained his post for ‘nearly 45 years,’ and was also employed by Dance in his private practice. Finsbury Square (1777–1791) was a result of their joint labours, and at No. 17 Peacock himself lived and died. His former residence was at Coleman Street Buildings. In 1801–2 Peacock designed the first Stock Exchange in Capel Court, and he ‘restored and preserved’ St. Stephen's, Walbrook. There is also a drawing by him in the King's collection, British Museum, of the elevation of the Mines Royal, Dowgate Hill. Peacock published a few books connected with his professional studies. These were ‘Oikidia,’ a little tract containing plans for houses, London, 1785, 8vo, published under the pseudonym of Jose Mac Packe; ‘A new Method of Filtration by Ascent,’ London, 1793, 4to; and ‘Subordinates in Architecture,’ London, 1814, 4to. He also contributed ‘An Account of Three Simple Instruments for Drawing Architecture and Machinery in Perspective,’ printed in the ‘Philosophical Transactions’ for 1785.
Peacock was also interested in economic and social problems, and his treatises on these subjects, small as they are, are more remarkable than his architectural works. His ‘Outlines of a Scheme for the General Relief, Instruction, Employment, and Maintenance of the Poor’ was published in 1777 (cf. London Review of English and Foreign Literature, viii. 156), and is described by Peacock as ‘an imperfect and crude performance’ in another tract entitled ‘Proposals for a Magnificent and Interesting Establishment,’ London, 1790, 8vo. In 1789 he published ‘Superior Politics,’ and in 1798 ‘The Outlines of a Plan for establishing a United Company of British Manufacturers.’ All of these tracts set forth, with various modifications, Peacock's main project of ‘giving protection and suitable incitement, encouragement, and employ to every class of the destitute, ignorant, and idle poor who shall be healthy, able to work, and willing to conform … to such … regulations as the company shall enact, and which are intended to be of mutual benefit and advantage to the company and the workpeople, and eventually so to society at large.’ Peacock asserts that ‘very considerable use has been made of the original thoughts’ in his two earlier pamphlets by several writers, and refers to the first two reports of the Philanthropic Society, which was a flourishing and important institution.
Besides these published works, Peacock wrote a folio volume, still in manuscript, and preserved in the Soane Museum, on ‘Terms of Contracts for Bricklayers', Slaters', and Joiners' Works, on the Peace Establishment, for the Service of the Board of Ordnance.’ He died on 22 Feb. 1814, ‘universally beloved and respected,’ ‘in his seventy-ninth year,’ according to the ‘Gentleman's Magazine;’ but according to the tombstone in the back cemetery of St. Luke's, Old Street, he was in his seventy-sixth year.
L. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Peacock, Dmitri Rudolf

​PEACOCK, DMITRI RUDOLF (1842–1892), traveller and philologist, was born on 26 Sept. 1842 at the village of Shakhmanovka, district of Kozlov, in the government of Tambov, Russia, being the son of Charles Peacock, estate manager, and his wife Concordia, whose maiden name was Schlegel. He was educated at a school in England, and afterwards at the university of Moscow. On 25 Oct. 1881 he was appointed vice-consul at Batoum, which had then risen to considerable importance in consequence of its annexation by the Russians. He became consul on 27 Jan. 1890. He is said to have owed his appointments to his familiarity with the Russian language. Certainly few foreigners were better acquainted than he with the languages and customs of the mountaineers of the Caucasus, among whom he had established such friendly relations that he was admitted into their most remote fastnesses. One of the fruits of these expeditions was the pub​publication of original vocabularies of five west Caucasian languages—Georgian, Mingrelian, Lazian, Svanetian, and Apkhazian (Journal of Royal Asiatic Society, 1877, pp. 145–56). Up to that time no contribution on these languages had appeared in English. On 14 Oct. 1891 Peacock was appointed consul-general at Odessa, but had only been in residence a few weeks when he died, as is reported, of Caucasian fever, the marshes which surround Batoum rendering that town very unhealthy. His death occurred on 23 May 1892 at Odessa, and he was buried in the British cemetery there. He left a widow, Tatiana née Bakunin, a Russian lady, and six children, three sons and three daughters. They were residing in 1894 at Diadino, in the government of Iver, in Russia. Peacock was a man of rare attainments, and left little by which the world can form a judgment of his powers. According to the ‘Levantine Herald,’ as quoted by the ‘Athenæum,’ he wrote a book on the Caucasus which was not approved by the foreign office, but his widow promised to publish it. It has not yet appeared. Travellers in the Caucasus found a hearty welcome at his house at Batoum.
[Obituary notices in the Times, 17 June 1892, and Athenæum, January–June, 1892, p. 794; information from the Foreign Office, and personal recollections.]
W. R. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1904 errata/Volume 57

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# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Reece, Robert

​REECE, ROBERT (1838–1891), dramatist, was born in the island of Barbados, West Indies, on 2 May 1838. His father, Robert Reece (1808–1874), was a barrister of the Inner Temple. The son matriculated from Balliol College, Oxford, on 28 Jan. 1857, and graduated B.A. 1860, and M.A. 1864. He was admitted a student at the Inner Temple in 1860, but was not called to the bar. For a short time he was a medical student; then, between 1861 and 1863, an extra clerk in the office of the ecclesiastical commissioners, and from 1864 to 1868 an extra temporary clerk to the emigration commissioners.
Meanwhile he wrote some comic pieces for the stage with fair success. He was industrious and a facile rhymster. His first effort was the libretto of an operetta, ‘Castle Grim’ (music by G. Allen), produced at the Royalty Theatre on 2 Sept. 1865. Among Reece's subsequent contributions to the same stage were ‘Prometheus,’ a burlesque, on 23 Dec. 1865, printed in Lacy's ‘Acting Edition of Plays,’ vol. lxviii.; ‘The Lady of the Lake,’ burlesque, on 10 Sept. 1866 (Lacy, vol. lxxi.); ‘Whittington Junior and his Sensation Cat,’ a burlesque, on 23 Nov. 1871 (ib. vol. lxxxix.); ‘Dora's Device,’ a comedietta, on 11 Jan. 1871 (ib. vol. xc.); ‘Little Robin Hood,’ a burlesque, on 19 April 1871, revived at the Gaiety Theatre ​in 1882 (ib. vol. xci.); ‘Paquita, or Love in a Trance,’ a comic opera, music by J. A. Mallandine, on 21 Oct. 1871 (ib. vol. xciv.). At the Queen's Theatre he produced ‘The Stranger, stranger than Ever,’ a burlesque, on 4 Nov. 1868 (ib. vol. lxxxii.); and many others were brought out at the Globe, the Olympic, the Vaudeville, the Strand, and the Gaiety. At the last theatre he produced fourteen pieces between 14 Sept. 1872 and 8 April 1884, among them the burlesques ‘Forty Thieves,’ on 23 Dec. 1880; ‘Aladdin,’ on 24 Dec. 1881; ‘Little Robin Hood,’ on 15 Sept. 1882; and ‘Valentine and Orson,’ on 23 Dec. 1882 (printed 1882). In fifteen pieces he collaborated with Henry Brougham Farnie, and occasionally joined other dramatic writers working on like lines to his own. He died at 10 Cantlowes Road, Camden Square, London, on 8 July 1891, and was buried in Kensal Green cemetery.
G. C. B.