OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Trumbull, William (d.1635)

​TRUMBULL, WILLIAM (d. 1635), diplomatist, was son of John Trumbull of Craven, Yorkshire, and his wife, Elizabeth Brogden or Briggden. He seems to have been introduced at court by Sir Thomas Edmondes [q. v.], whom he afterwards described as his ‘old master.’ Early in James I's reign he was a court messenger, and probably he was attached to Edmondes's embassy to the Archduke Albert of Austria, regent of the Netherlands. When Edmondes was recalled from Brussels in 1609, Trumbull was promoted to succeed him as resident at the archduke's court. He retained that difficult post for sixteen years, and his correspondence is a valuable source for the diplomatic history of the period; his salary was twenty shillings a day. On 6 June 1611 he was instructed to demand the extradition of William Seymour and Arabella Stuart should they land in the archduke's dominions. On 17 Feb. 1613–14, after repeated solicitation, he was granted an ordi​nary clerkship to the privy council; but the office seems to have been a sinecure, for Trumbull remained at his post at Brussels. In 1620 he protested against the Spanish invasion of the Palatinate (Gardiner, iii. 351–2). In 1624 he requested the reversion ‘of one of the six clerks' places’ for himself and a clerkship of the privy seal for his eldest son. He was recalled in 1625 on the open rupture with Spain (ib. vi. 6), and on 16 Feb. 1625–6 he was returned to parliament for Downton, Wiltshire. He assumed active duties as clerk of the privy council, devoting himself especially to naval matters. On 26 March 1628 he was granted Easthampstead Park, Berkshire, on condition of maintaining a deer-park for the king's recreation. Soon afterwards he was appointed muster-master-general. He died in London in September 1635, being succeeded as clerk to the council by his godson (Sir) Edward Nicholas [q. v.], and was buried in Easthampstead church, where a monument was erected to his memory. His portrait, painted in 1617, was engraved by Vertue in 1726 (Bromley, Cat. Engr. Portraits, p. 80). By his wife Deborah, daughter of Walter Downes of Beltring, Kent, he left issue two sons and two daughters. The elder son, William (1594?–1668), was father of Sir William Trumbull [q. v.]
Trumbull's correspondence is extant in Brit. Mus. Egerton MSS. 2592–6, Cotton MS. Galba E i., Stowe MSS. 171–176, and the manuscripts of Mr. George Wingfield Digby at Sherborne Castle, Dorset (Hist. MSS. Comm. 10th Rep. App. pp. 523–616). Many of the letters were printed in Winwood's ‘Memorials’ (of which they form a considerable part), and in Digges's ‘Compleat Ambassador,’ ii. 350–3. While at Brussels he secured the valuable secret correspondence between Francisco Vargas and Cardinal Granvelle on the council of Trent; an English translation was published in 1697 by Michael Geddes [q. v.], and a French by Michel Le Vassor in 1700 (Burnet, Hist. of the Reformation, ed. Pocock, iii. 305–7).
A. F. P.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Smith, John (1652?-1742)

​SMITH, JOHN (1652?–1742), mezzotint engraver, was born at Daventry, Northamptonshire, about 1652. He was articled to an obscure painter named Tillet in London, and studied mezzotint engraving under Isaac Beckett [q. v.] and Jan Vander Vaart [q. v.] He became the ablest and most industrious worker in mezzotint of his time, and the favourite engraver of Sir Godfrey Kneller, whose paintings he extensively reproduced, and in whose house he is said to have resided for some time. Smith's plates, which are executed in a remarkably brilliant and effective style, number about five hundred, and of these nearly three hundred are portraits of distinguished men and women of the period between the reigns of Charles II and George II, from pictures by Lely, Kneller, Wissing, Dahl, Riley, Closterman, Gibson, Murray, and others. The remainder are sacred, mythological, and genre subjects after Titian, Correggio, Parmegiano, C. Maratti, G. Schalken, E. Heemskerk, M. Laroon, and others. Previous to 1700 his plates were mostly published by Edward Cooper [q. v.], but about that date he established himself as a printseller at the Lyon and Crown in Covent Garden; he there published his own works and also reissued many of those by Beckett, Lens, Williams, and others, cleverly retouching them and erasing the original engravers' names. Smith's latest print appears to have been the portrait of the youthful Duke of Cumberland, after Highmore, dated 1729. On giving up business he retired to his native county, where he died on 17 Jan. 1742 at the age of ninety. He was buried in the churchyard of St. Peter's, Northampton, where there is a tablet to his memory and that of his wife Sarah, who died in 1717. The bulk of his copperplates eventually came into the hands of Boydell, who reprinted them in large numbers. A portrait of John Smith, in which he appears holding his engraving of Kneller, was painted and presented to him by that artist in 1696, and he executed a print from it in 1716; it has also been engraved by S. Freeman for Walpole's ‘Anecdotes.’ The original is now in the National Portrait Gallery.
F. M. O'D.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Smith, Jeremiah (d.1723)

​SMITH, JEREMIAH (d. 1723), divine, was minister of a congregation at Andover, Hampshire, and in 1708 became co-pastor with Samuel Rosewell [q. v.] of the Silver Street Presbyterian Chapel, London. He took a prominent part in the debates at Salters' Hall in 1719 concerning the Trinity, and was one of four London ministers who wrote ‘The Doctrine of the Ever Blessed Trinity stated and defended.’ He was author of the portion relating to the ‘Epistles to Titus and Philemon’ in the continuation of Matthew Henry's ‘Exposition,’ and published, with other discourses, funeral sermons on Sir Thomas Abney (1722) and Samuel Rosewell (1723). He died on 20 Aug. 1723, aged nearly seventy. Matthew Clarke preached and published a funeral sermon.
C. W. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Smith, John (1618-1652)

​SMITH, JOHN (1618–1652), Cambridge Platonist, was born at Achurch, near Oundle in Northamptonshire, in 1618. Of his parents his biographer only states that they had ‘long been childless and were grown aged.’ In 1636 he was entered as a pensioner at Emmanuel College, at that time the leading puritan foundation in the university. He proceeded B.A. in 1640, M.A. in 1644; and in the latter year (11 June) was transferred by the Earl of Manchester, along with seven other members of his college, to Queens' College, ‘they having bine examined and approved by the Assembly of Divines sitting in Westminster … as fitt to be fellowes’ (Searle, Hist. of Queens' College, p. 548). His college tutor at Emmanuel was Benjamin Whichcote [q. v.] (afterwards provost of King's College), who not only directed his studies, but aided him with his purse. At Queens' College he lectured with marked success on ‘mathematics,’ although it is doubtful whether the term implied anything more than arithmetic. His chief reputation, however, was acquired as one of the rising school of Cambridge Platonists. John Worthington [q. v.] assigns him the praise of being both δίκαιος and ἀγαθός, i.e. of being not only just and upright in his conversation, but also genuinely good at heart, and doubts whether more to admire his learning or his humility. Smith died of consumption on 7 Aug. 1652, and was buried in his college chapel. Although only in his thirty-fifth year, he had already become known as a ‘living library,’ his acquirements being chiefly in theology and the oriental languages. His papers were handed by his executor, Samuel Cradock, fellow of Emmanuel, to Worthington, who published such of them as were ‘homogeneal and related to the same discourse,’ under the title of ​‘Select Discourses’ (London, 1660), a volume still read and admired for its refinement of thought and literary ability. His funeral sermon was preached by Simon Patrick (1626–1707) [q. v.], one of the younger fellows of Queens' and his warm admirer. Smith bequeathed his library to the society.
J. B. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Smith, John (1563-1616)

​SMITH, JOHN (1563–1616), divine, born at or near Coventry, Warwickshire, in 1563, was educated at the Coventry grammar school recently founded by John Hales, and elected at the age of fourteen to a Coventry scholarship at St. John's College, Oxford. He proceeded M.A. in 1585, and B.D. in 1591. He was made a fellow of his college, and highly valued in the university ‘for his piety and parts.’ He was chosen lecturer at St. Paul's Cathedral, in the place of Lancelot Andrewes [q. v.], and became minister of Clavering, Essex, in 1592. He died in November 1616, leaving benefactions to St. John's College, to Clavering parish, and to ten faithful and good ministers who had been deprived on the question of ceremonies. He obtained a license to marry Frances, daughter of William Babbington of Chorley, Cheshire, on 21 Oct. 1594 (Foster, London Marriage Licenses, p. 1244).
He was author of:
* ‘Ἀπολωγία τῆς Ἄγγλων Ἐκκλσίας … Apologia Ecclesiæ Anglicanæ Græce versa interprete J. S.,’ Oxford, 1614, 12mo; this was a Greek version of Bishop Jewel's ‘Apology,’ and was published again with the Latin in 1639, 8vo (cf. Madan, Early Oxford Press, pp. 97, 214).
* ‘Essex Dove, presenting the world with a few of her olive branches; or, a taste of the works of that Reverend, Faithfull, Judicious, Learned, and holy Minister of the Word, Mr. John Smith … delivered in three severall Treatises, viz. (1) His Grounds of Religion; (2) An Exposition on the Lord's Prayer; (3) A Treatise of Repentance,’ 3 parts, London, 1629, 4to, 2nd edit. enlarged, London, 1633, 8vo, 3rd edit., corrected and amended, London, 1637, 8vo.
* ‘An Exposition of the Creed, delivered in many afternoone Sermons, and now published by Anthony Palmer,’ London, 1632, fol.
Palmer married Smith's widow. The seventy-three sermons in this volume include the ‘Explanation of the Articles of our Christian Faith’ mentioned by Wood as a separate book.
[Foster's Alumni Oxon. 1500–1714; Clark and Boase's Register of University of Oxford, i. 93, ii. 78, iii. 98; Wood's Athenæ Oxon. ii. 188, Fasti, i. 217; Morant's Essex, ii. 614; Colvile's Warwickshire Worthies, p. 698; Brit. Museum Library Cat.; Bodleian Library Cat.]
R. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Smith, John (1630-1679)

​SMITH, JOHN (1630–1679), physician, was born in Buckinghamshire in 1630. He entered Brasenose College, Oxford, on 7 Aug. 1647, and graduated B.A. in 1651, M.A. in 1653, and M.D. on 9 July 1652. He was admitted a candidate of the College of Physicians on 22 Dec. 1659, and a fellow on 2 April 1672. He died at his house in Great St. Helen's, Bishopsgate, in the winter of 1679, and was buried in the parish church.
He was the author of ‘Γηροκομία Βασιλικὴ: King Solomon's Portraiture of Old Age. Wherein is contained a Sacred Anatomy both of Soul and Body. And a Perfect Account of the Infirmities of Age, incident to them both. Printed by J. Hayes for S. Thomson, at the Sign of the Bishop's Head in St. Paul's Churchyard, 1666.’ A second edition appeared in 1676, and a third in 1752. The book consists of a commentary on Ecclesiastes xii. 1–6, and seeks to show that Solomon was acquainted with the circulation of the blood. The author has been doubtfully identified with John Smith, doctor in physic, author of ‘A Compleat Practice of Physick. Wherein is plainly described the Nature, Causes, Differences, and Signs of all Diseases in the Body of Man. With the choicest Cures for the same,’ London, 1656.
E. I. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Savage, John (d.1586)

​SAVAGE, JOHN (d. 1586), conspirator, probably belonged to the Savage family of Derbyshire. As an ardent Roman catholic of impetuous temperament, he joined the army of the Duke of Parma in the Low Countries. After seeing some active service he passed through Rheims on his return to England. There he met Dr. William Gifford (1554–1629) [q. v.], who persuaded him that the assassination of Queen Elizabeth was alone capable of remedying the evil plight of English catholics. In London early in 1586 he met John Ballard [q. v.] the jesuit, and volunteered to join the conspiracy then in process of formation by Ballard and Babington for the murder of the queen and the release of Mary Queen of Scots from prison. His desperate courage rendered him a valuable ally, and Anthony Babington [q. v.] eagerly accepted his services. He was the only actor in Babington's plot who was not previously attached to the court; but his family seems to have been distantly connected with Babington's, which was also settled in Derbyshire. In 1489 John Babington and Ralph Savage were jointly licensed to found a chantry at North Wynfield, Derbyshire (The Savages of the Ards, by G. F. A[rmstrong], 1888, p. 355). Thomas Morgan and Gilbert Gifford [q. v.], the chief abettors of the conspiracy, corresponded with Savage, and at a meeting of the plotters at St. Giles's-in-the-Fields in April he was one of the six who were nominated to assassinate the queen. Agents of the government knew all at an early date, but Savage was not readily daunted. When Babington came to him distracted with the news that Ballard was arrested, he proposed to go and kill the queen at once, and Babington gave him money to buy a suitable dress. Before matters went further, however, Savage was arrested in London with Chidiock Tichbourne and Thomas Tilney. He freely confessed his complicity, and when he was tried at Westminster on 13 Sept. pleaded guilty, after a little hesitation, to the whole indictment. His confession, which he admitted was made without threat of torture, was read by the clerk of the crown. The extreme sentence of the law in cases of treason was passed. On 20 Sept. he was hanged in an open space in the parish of St. Giles's-in-the-Fields with Babington, Ballard, and others. Like Babington, he explained in a speech from the scaffold that he had been taught to regard the murder of the queen as a lawful and meritorious act. Before he was dead the rope broke, and he fell from the gallows. Much of the rest of the barbarous sentence (mutilation and quartering) was performed upon him while he was still alive.
S. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Savage, Roland

​SAVAGE, Sir ROLAND (d. 1519), soldier, was lord of Lecale, co. Down, and a member of the ancient family of Savages of the Ards. His ancestor, Sir William, accompanied De Courcy to Ireland at the close of 1176, and settled at Ardkeen in the Ards, co. Down, holding his lands by baronial tenure.
Sir Roland was seneschal of Ulster on 2 Aug. 1482 (Cal. Rot. Pat. i. 270 b). He has been identified with Janico or Jenkin Savage, also seneschal of Ulster, whose name Janico was perhaps a sobriquet. The latter ​was famous among the English of the province for his exploits against the Irish towards the close of the fifteenth century. For the settlers it was a time of especial distress, as the civil war in England precluded much aid being sent from that country. Savage was the only military leader in whom the English reposed any confidence, and in a petition addressed to the king, probably between 1482 and 1494, they prayed him to send succour ‘to his faithfull servant and true liegeman, Janico Savage’ (Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy, v. 132).
In 1515 Sir Roland Savage is mentioned in a memorial on the state of Ireland and a plan for its reformation (State Papers of Henry VIII) as ‘one of the English great rebels’ who undertook wars on their own authority. Perhaps, in consequence of this, Gerald Fitzgerald, ninth earl of Kildare [q. v.], was able to revive an old claim and to deprive Savage of Lecale. Savage died soon after, in 1519, leaving a son Raymond, who duly succeeded to Lecale in 1536 (Annals of Loch Cé, Rolls Ser. p. 229; Cal. Irish State Papers, Carew MSS., 1515–71, p. 94). James, surnamed Macjaniake, was also probably his son.
E. I. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Savage, John (d.1492)

​SAVAGE, Sir JOHN (d. 1492), politician and soldier, was son of Sir John Savage (1422–1495) of Clifton, by Katherine, daughter of Thomas, lord Stanley, and sister of Thomas Stanley, first earl of Derby [q. v.] Thomas Savage (d. 1507) [q. v.], archbishop of York, was his brother. John Savage, junior, as he was usually styled, was created a knight of the Bath by Edward IV on the occasion of his queen's coronation on 26 May 1465 (Letters and Papers illustrative of the Wars of the English in France under Henry VI, ed. Stevenson, Rolls Ser. ii. [784]). On 17 April 1483, as a knight of the royal body, he was one of those selected to bear Edward's body into Westminster Abbey (Letters and Papers illustrative of the Reigns of Richard III and Henry VII, ed. Gairdner, Rolls Ser. i. 5, 8). Savage was mayor of Chester in 1484 and 1485, and in the former year was made a freeman of the city, with eight of his brothers.
Richard III bestowed much preferment upon him, delegating him to take the oaths ​of allegiance in Kent, and placing him in the commission of the peace (Harl. MS. 433, ff. 90–4). Nevertheless he had a secret understanding with the Earl of Richmond. His treachery came to light through the arrest of Lord Stanley's son, Lord Strange, and Savage joined Richmond on his march through Wales. At the battle of Bosworth he is said to have commanded the left wing of Henry's army. For his services Henry VII granted him a number of forfeited estates in Nottinghamshire, Derbyshire, Leicestershire, and Shropshire, on 7 March 1486. On 16 Feb. 1488 he received fresh grants, and on 16 Nov. was elected a knight of the Garter (Materials for the Reign of Henry VII, ed. Campbell, Rolls Ser. ii. 245). He took part in the siege of Boulogne in October 1492, and, being intercepted by the enemy while reconnoitring, refused to surrender, and was in consequence slain (Bacon, Hist. of Henry VII, ed. Lumby, p. 102; Hall, Chronicle, 1809, p. 459).
By his wife Dorothy, daughter of Sir Ralph Vernon of Haddon, he had a son, John, who succeeded him, and four daughters. Sir John had also an illegitimate son George, rector of Davenham, Cheshire, who is said to have been the father of Edmund Bonner [q. v.], bishop of London.
E. I. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Savage, John (fl.1690-1700)

​SAVAGE, JOHN (fl. 1690–1700), engraver and printseller, executed a few portraits which, though of little artistic merit, are valuable as records of interesting persons of his day; some of these he published separately, others were done as frontispieces to books. His most important plates are ‘the Antipapists’ (portraits of the Dukes of Monmouth and Argyll, Arthur, earl of Essex, William, lord Russell, Sir Thomas Armstrong, Alderman Cornish, Algernon Sidney, and Sir E. B. Godfrey, on one sheet); Philip V of Spain; Arthur Herbert, earl of Torrington; Sir H. Chauncy (frontispiece to his ‘History of Hertfordshire,’ 1700); Charles Leigh, M.D., after Faithorne (frontispiece to his ‘Natural History of Lancashire,’ 1700); and Prince Giolo, a South Sea Islander who was exhibited in London in 1692. According to Walpole, Savage made the production of portraits of malefactors his speciality, but none of that class are known bearing his ​name. He engraved some of the illustrations to Guidott's ‘De Thermis Britannicis,’ 1691, Strype's ‘Memorials of Cranmer,’ 1694, L. Plukenet's ‘Phytographia,’ vol. ii. 1696, Evelyn's ‘Numismata,’ 1697, and Robert Morison's ‘Plantarum Historia,’ vol. iii. 1699. Savage probably executed many of the plates after M. Laroon in Tempest's ‘Cries of London,’ one of which, ‘The London Quaker,’ bears his name. A pack of mathematical playing cards, published by T. Tuttell, was engraved by him from designs by Boitard. Savage resided in Denmark Court, Strand, until he purchased the plates and succeeded to the business of Isaac Beckett at the Golden Head in the Old Bailey; later he removed to the Golden Head in St. Paul's Churchyard, near Doctors' Commons.
F. M. O'D.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Savage, Marmion W.

​SAVAGE, MARMION W. (1803–1872), novelist and journalist, son of the Rev. Henry Savage, was born in Ireland early in 1803. He matriculated as a pensioner on 6 Oct. 1817 at Trinity College, Dublin, obtaining a scholarship, then given only for classics, in 1822, and graduating B.A. in the autumn of 1824. On leaving the university he held for some time in Dublin a position under the Irish government. His maiden work, entitled ‘The Falcon Family, or Young Ireland,’ appeared in 1845, at the moment when the physical force party were just beginning to secede from the Repeal Association. It was a caustic and brilliant skit upon the seceders. His second work, ‘The Bachelor of the Albany,’ which was published in 1847, proved to be his masterpiece. In 1849 Savage brought out a three-volume novel, called ‘My Uncle the Curate,’ and in 1852 another entitled ‘Reuben Medlicott, or the Coming Man.’ His fifth story was a novelette, called ‘Clover Cottage, or I can't get in,’ which, dramatised by Tom Taylor under the title of ‘Nine Points of the Law,’ as a comedietta in one act, was first performed at the Olympic on 11 April 1859, with Mrs. Stirling and Addison in the two chief parts. In 1855 he edited, in two volumes with notes and a preface, Sheil's ‘Sketches, Legal and Political,’ which had appeared serially in the ‘New Monthly Magazine,’ under the editorship of Thomas Campbell. After having lived for nearly half a century in Dublin, Savage was in 1856 appointed editor of the ‘Examiner,’ in succession to John Forster [q. v.], and removed to London, where his wit and scholarship caused him to be heartily welcomed in literary circles. He remained editor of the ‘Examiner’ for some three years. In 1870 he brought out his sixth and last novel, entitled ‘The Woman of Business, or the Lady and the Lawyer.’ He died at Torquay, after a prolonged illness, on 1 May 1872. His writings possess, besides exhilarating wit and animation, the charm of a literary flavour.
He was twice married. By his first wife, Olivia, a niece of Lady Morgan, to whom the novelist inscribed his ‘Bachelor of the Albany,’ he had an only son, who died in youth. By his second wife, a daughter of Thomas Hutton of Dublin, he had no children.
C. K.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/North, George (fl.1580)

​NORTH, GEORGE (fl. 1580), translator, describes himself as ‘gentleman’ on the title-pages of his books. His chief patron was Sir Christopher Hatton. His publications were: 1. ‘The Description of Swedland, Gotland, and Finland, the auncient estate of theyr Kynges, the most horrible and incredible tiranny of the second Christiern, kyng of Denmarke, agaynst the Swecians. … Collected … oute of Sebastian Mounster’ (London, by John Awdeley), 1561; dedicated to Thomas Steuckley, esq. 2. ‘The Philosopher of the Court, written by Philbert of Vienna in Champaigne, and Englished by George North, gentleman … London, by Henry Binneman for Lucas Harrison and George Byshop, Anno 1575;’ dedicated to Christopher Hatton, with prefatory verses by John Daniell and William Hitchcock, gent. 3. ‘The Stage of Popish Toyes; conteining both tragicall and comicall partes, played by the Romishe roysters of former age, notably describing them by degrees in their colours … collected out of St. Stephanus in his Apologie upon Herodotus, compyled by G. N.’ (London, by Henry Binneman), 1581; dedicated to Sir Christopher Hatton. A copy of each work is in the British Museum.
[Brit. Mus. Cat.]
S. L.