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# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Vol 8:12

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| Dynamo - Earle, Ralph | Earl Marshal - Eastern Bengal and Assam | Eastern Question, the - Eaves | Eavesdrip - Écarté |
| Dynamo Dynamometer Dynasty Dysart Dysentery Dyspepsia Dysteleology Dzungaria E Ea Eabani Eachard, John Eadbald Eadie, John Eadmer Eads, James Buchanan Eagle Eaglehawk Eagre Eakins, Thomas Ealing Ear Earl Earle, John Earle, Ralph | Earl Marshal Earlom, Richard Earlston Early, Jubal Anderson Early English Period Earn Earnest Ear-ring Earth Earth, Figure of the Earth Currents Earth-nut Earth Pillar Earthquake Earth-star Earthworm Earwig Easement East, Alfred East Anglia Eastbourne East Chicago Easter Easter Island Eastern Bengal and Assam | Eastern Question, The East Grinstead East Ham Easthampton East Hampton East India Company East Indies Eastlake, Sir Charles Lock East Liverpool East London Easton East Orange Eastport East Providence East Prussia Eastwick, Edward Backhouse Eaton, Dorman Bridgman Eaton, Margaret O'Neill Eaton, Theophilus Eaton, William Eaton, Wyatt Eau Claire Eau de Cologne Eaux-Bonnes Eaves | Eavesdrip Ebbw Vale Ebel, Hermann Wilhelm Ebel, Johann Gottfried Eber, Paul Eberbach (town) Eberbach (monastery) Eberhard im Bart Eberhard, Christian August Gottlob Eberhard, Johann Augustus Eberlin, Johann Ernst Ebers, Georg Moritz Eberswalde Ebert, Friedrich Adolf Ebingen Ebionites Ebner-Eschenbach, Marie, Freifrau von Eboli Ebony Ebrard, Johannes Heinrich August Ebro Ebroïn Eburācum Eça de Queiroz, José Maria Écarté |
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Vol 8:5

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| Dionysius Periegetes - Directors | Directory - Dissolution | Distaff - Divining-rod | Division - Döbrentei, Gabor |
| Dionysius Periegetes Dionysius Telmaharensis Dionysius Thrax Dionysus Diophantus Diopside Dioptase Diorite Dip Diphenyl Diphilus Diphtheria Diplodocus Diplomacy Diplomatic Dipoenus and Scyllis Dippel, Johann Konrad Dipsomania Diptera Dipteral Diptych Dir Dirce Direct Motion Directors | Directory Dirge Dirk Dirschau Disability Discharge Discharging Arch Disciple Disciples of Christ Disclaimer Discount Discovery Discus Disinfectants Dismal Disorderly House Dispatch Dispensation Dispersion D'Israeli, Isaac Diss Dissection Dissenter Dissociation Dissolution | Distaff Distillation Distraction Distress Distribution District Distyle Dithmarschen Dithyrambic Poetry Dittersbach Dittersdorf, Karl Ditters von Ditto Ditton, Humphry Diu Diuretics Diurnal Motion Divan Diver Divers and Diving Apparatus Dives-sur-Mer Divide Dividend Dividivi Divination Divining-rod | Division Divorce Diwanieh Dix, Dorothea Lynde Dix, John Adams Dixon, George Dixon, Henry Hall Dixon, Richard Watson Dixon, William Hepworth Dixon Dizful Djakovo Dlugosz, Jan Dmitriev, Ivan Ivanovich Dnieper Dniester Doab Doane, George Washington Dobbs Ferry Dobell, Sydney Thompson Döbeln Doberan Döbereiner, Johann Wolfgang Dobree, Peter Paul Döbrentei, Gabor |
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Vol 8:7

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| Donatus, Aelius - Dopplerite | Doran, John - Dorner, Isaac August | Dornoch - Douce, Francis | Douglas - Dover, Robert |
| Donatus, Aelius Donauwörth Don Beníto Doncaster Don Cossacks, Territory of the Donegal (county) Donegal (town) Donelson, Fort Donga Dongola (province) Dongola (town) Donizetti, Gaetano Donjon Don Juan Donkin, Sir Rufane Shaw Donnay, Charles Maurice Donne, John Donnybrook Donoso Cortés, Juan Donovan, Edward Doom Doon de Mayence Door Doorway Dopplerite | Doran, John Dorat, Claude Joseph Dorchester, Dudley Carleton, Viscount Dorchester, Guy Carleton, 1st Baron Dorchester (Dorsetshire) Dorchester (Oxfordshire) Dorchester (Massachusetts) Dordogne (river) Dordogne (department) Dordrecht Doré, Louis Auguste Gustave Doria, Andrea Dorians Doria-Pamphilii-Landi Dorion, Sir Antoine Aimé Doris Dorislaus, Isaac Dorking Dorléans, Louis Dormer Dormitory Dormouse Dornbirn Dornburg Dorner, Isaac August | Dornoch Dorohoi Dorotheus D’Orsay, Alfred Guillaume Gabriel, Count Dorset, Earls, Marquesses and Dukes of Dorsetshire Dorsiventral Dort, Synod of Dortmund Dory Dositheus Magister Dossal Dosseret Dost Mahommed Khan Dostoievsky, Feodor Mikhailovich Douai Douarnenez Double Double Bass Doubleday, Abner Doubleday, Thomas Doublet Doubs (river) Doubs (department) Douce, Francis | Douglas Douglas, Sir Charles Douglas, Gavin Douglas, Sir Howard Douglas, John Douglas, Stephen Arnold Douglas (Isle of Man) Douglas (Scotland) Douglass, Frederick Doukhobors Doullens Doulton, Sir Henry Doumer, Paul Doumic, René Doune Douro Douroucouli Dousa, Janus Douville, Jean Baptiste Douw, Gerhard Dove (river) Dove (bird) Dover, George James ..., Baron Dover, Henry Jermyn, Earl of Dover, Robert |
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Vol 8:8

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| Dover - Doyen, Gabriel François | Doyle, Sir Arthur Conan - Drake, Nathan | Drakenborch, Arnold - Dresser | Dreux - Dropsy |
| Dover (Delaware) Dover (England) Dover (New Hampshire) Dover (New Jersey) Dovercourt Dow, Lorenzo Dow, Neal Dowager Dowden, Edward Dowdeswell, William Dower Dowie, John Alexander Dowlas Down (county) Down (hill) Downes, Andrew Downing, Sir George Downman, John Downpatrick Downs Downshire, Wills Hill, 1st Marquess of Dowry Dowser and Dowsing Doxology Doyen, Gabriel François | Doyle, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, Sir Francis Hastings Charles Doyle, John Andrew Doyle, Richard Dozsa, György Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne Dracaena Drachmann, Holger Henrik Herboldt Draco (statesman) Draco (constellation) Dracontius, Blossius Aemilius Drafted Masonry Drag Dragashani Dragoman Dragomirov, Michael Ivanovich Dragon Dragonetti, Domenico Dragon-fly Dragon's blood Dragoon Draguignan Drainage of Land Drake, Sir Francis Drake, Nathan | Drakenborch, Arnold Drakensberg Drama Dramburg Drammen Drane, Augusta Theodosia Draper, John William Draper Draught Draughts Draupadi Drave Dravidian Drawback Drawing Drawing and Quartering Drawing-room Drayton, Michael Dream Dredge and Dredging Drelincourt, Charles Drente Dresden Dress Dresser | Dreux Drew Drew, Samuel Drewenz Drexel, Anthony Joseph Dreyfus, Alfred Driburg Driffield Drift Drill Drinking Vessels Dripstone Drisler, Henry Driver, Samuel Rolles Driving Drogheda Droit Droitwich Drôme Dromedary Dromore Dromos Drone Dronfield Dropsy |
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Vol 8:3

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| Dewlap - Diagram | Dial and Dialling - Diary | Diaspore - Dickinson, John | Dickson, Sir Alexander - Diekirch |
| Dewlap Dewsbury Dexippus, Publius Herennius Dexter, Henry Martyn Dexter, Timothy Dextrine Dey Dhammapāla Dhanis, Francis Dhar Dharampur Dharmsala Dharwar Dholpur Dhow Dhrangadra Dhuleep Singh Dhulia Diabase Diabetes Diabolo Diaconicon Diadochi Diagonal Diagoras Diagram | Dial and Dialling Dialect Dialectic Diallage Dialogue Dialysis Diamagnetism Diamante, Fra Diamante, Juan Bautista Diamantina Diamantino Diameter Diamond Diamond Necklace, The Affair of the Diana Diana monkey Diane de France Diane de Poitiers Diapason Diaper Diaphoretics Diaphragm Diarbekr Diarrhoea Diary | Diaspore Diastyle Diatomaceae Diaulos Diavolo, Fra Diaz, Narcisse Virgilio Diaz, Porfirio Diaz de Novaes, Bartholomeu Diazo Compounds Diazomata Dibdin, Charles Dibdin, Thomas Frognall Dibdin, Thomas John Dibra Dibrugarh Dicaearchus Dice Diceto, Ralph de Dicey, Edward Dichotomy Dick, Robert Dick, Thomas Dickens, Charles John Huffam Dickinson, Anna Elizabeth Dickinson, John | Dickson, Sir Alexander Dickson, Sir James Robert Dicotyledons Dictator Dictionary Dictyogens Dictys Cretensis Dicuil Didachē, The Didactic Poetry Diderot, Denis Didius Salvius Julianus, Marcus Dido Didon, Henri Didot Didron, Adolphe Napoléon Didymi Didymium Didymus Didymus Chalcenterus Die (France) Die (art) Diebitsch, Hans Karl Friedrich Anton Diedenhofen Diekirch |
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Vol 8:6

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| Dobritch - Dodecastyle | Döderlein, Johann Wilhelm Ludwig - Dolce, Ludovico | Dolci, Carlo - Dombrowski, Jan Henryk | Dome - Donatists |
| Dobritch Dobrizhoffer, Martin Dobrowsky, Joseph Dobrudja Dobsina Dobson, Henry Austin Dobson, William Docetae Dochmiac Dock Dock (plant) Dock (structure) Docket Dock Warrant Dockyards Doctor Doctors' Commons Doctrinaires Document Dodd, William Dodder Doddridge, Philip Dodds, Alfred Amédée Dodecahedron Dodecastyle | Döderlein, Johann C. W. L. Dodge, Theodore Ayrault Dodgson, Charles Lutwidge Dodo Dodona Dods, Marcus Dodsley, Robert Dodsworth, Roger Dodwell, Edward Dodwell, Henry Dog Doge Dog-fish Dogger Bank Doggett, Thomas Dogma Dogmatic Theology Dogra Dogs, Isle of Dog-tooth Dogwood Dol Dolabella, Publius Cornelius Dolben, John Dolce, Ludovico | Dolci, Carlo Doldrums Dôle Dole Dolerite Dolet, Étienne Dolgelley Dolgoruki, Vasily Lukich Dolhain Dolichocephalic Doll Dollar (Scotland) Dollar (coin) Dolling, Robert William Radclyffe Döllinger, Johann Joseph Ignaz von Dollond, John Dolman Dolnja Tuzla Dolomieu, Déodat ... Gratet de Dolomite Dolomites, The Dolphin Domat, Jean Dombes Dombrowski, Jan Henryk | Dome Domenichino Zampieri Domesday Book Domestic Relations Domett, Alfred Domfront Domicile Dominic, Saint Dominica Dominicans Dominis, Marco Antonio de Dominoes Dominus Domitian Domrémy-la-Pucelle Don (Russia) Don (Scotland) Donaghadee Donaldson, Sir James Donaldson, John William Donatello Donati, Giovanni Battista Donatio Mortis Causa Donation of Constantine Donatists |
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Vol 8:4

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| Dielectric - Digenes Acritas, Basilius | Digest - Dillon, John | Diluvium - Dinotherium | Dinwiddie, Robert - Dionysius Halicarnassensis |
| Dielectric Dielmann, Frederick Diemen, Anthony van Diepenbeck, Abraham van Dieppe Dierx, Léon Dies, Christoph Albert Diest Diesterweg, Friedrich Adolf Wilhelm Diet Dietary Dietetics Dietrich, Christian Wilhelm Ernst Dietrich of Bern Diez, Friedrich Christian Diez Differences, Calculus of Differential Equation Difflugia Diffraction of Light Diffusion Digby, Sir Everard Digby, Sir Kenelm Digby, Kenelm Henry Digenes Acritas, Basilius | Digest Digestive organs (Pathology) Digges, West Digit Digitalis Digne Digoin Dijon Dike Dikka Dilapidation Dilatation Dilatory Dilemma Dilettante Diligence Dilke, Sir Charles Wentworth Dill Dillen, Johann Jakob Dillenburg Dillens, Julien Dillingen Dillmann, Christian Friedrich August Dillon, Arthur Richard Dillon, John | Diluvium Dime Dimension Dimity Dinajpur Dinan Dinant Dinapur Dinarchus Dinard Dindigul Dindorf, Karl Wilhelm D'Indy, Paul-Marie-Théodore-Vincent Dineir Dingelstedt, Franz von Dinghy Dingle Dingo Dingwall Dinka Dinkelsbühl Dinner Dinocrates Dinoflagellata Dinotherium | Dinwiddie, Robert Dio Cassius Diocese Dio Chrysostom Diocletian Diocletian, Edict of Diodati, Giovanni Diodorus Cronus Diodorus Siculus Diodotus Diogenes Diogenes Apolloniates Diogenes Laërtius Diogenianus Diognetus, Epistle to Diomedes (Greek legend) Diomedes (Latin grammarian) Dion Dione Dionysia Dionysius (Pope) Dionysius (Tyrant of Syracuse) Dionysius Areopagiticus Dionysius Exiguus Dionysius Halicarnassensis |
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Vol 8:13

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| Ecbatana - Echmiadzin | Echo - Edam | Edda - Edinburgh | Edinburghshire - Edward (Prince of Wales) |
| Ecbatana Eccard, Johann Eccelino da Romano Eccentric Ecchellensis, Abraham Eccles Ecclesfield Eccleshall Ecclesia Ecclesiastes Ecclesiastical Commissioners Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction Ecclesiastical Law Ecclesiasticus Ecgbert (king) Ecgbert (archbishop) Ecgfrith Ecgonine Echegaray y Eizaguirre, José Échelon Echidna Echinoderma Echinus Echiuroidea Echmiadzin | Echo Echternach Echuca Écija Eck, Johann Maier Eckermann, Johann Peter Eckernförde Eckersberg, Kristoffer Eckhart, Johannes Eckhel, Joseph Hilarius Eckmühl Eclecticism Eclipse Ecliptic Eclogite Eclogue Economic Entomology Economics Economy (Pennsylvania) Economy Ecstasy Ectospora Ecuador Eczema Edam | Edda Eddius Edelinck, Gerard Edelweiss Eden, Sir Ashley Eden Edenbridge Eden Hall, Luck of Edenkoben Edentata Edenton Edessa (Macedonia) Edessa (Mesopotamia) Edfu Edgar, King Edgar the Ætheling Edgecumbe Edge Hill Edgeworth, Maria Edgeworth, Richard Lovell Edgeworth de Firmont, Henry Essex Edgren-Leffler, Anne Charlotte Edhem Pasha Edict Edinburgh | Edinburghshire Edison, Thomas Alva Edmonton (Alberta) Edmonton (England) Edmund, Saint Edmund, King of East Anglia Edmund I. Edmund Ironside Edmund, Earl of Lancaster Edmunds, George Franklin Edom Edred Edric Streona Education Edward the Elder Edward the Martyr Edward the Confessor Edward I. Edward II. Edward III. Edward IV. Edward V. Edward VI. Edward VII. Edward, the Black Prince |
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Vol 8:2

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| Descartes, René — Desmarets, Jean | Desmarets — De Tabley, John Byrne Leicester Warren | Detaille, Jean Baptiste Édouard — Devil | Devizes — De Witt, John |
| Descartes, René Deschamps, Émile Deschamps, Eustache Deschanel, Paul Eugène Louis Des Cloizeaux, Alfred Louis Olivier Legrand Descloizite Descriptive Poetry Desert Desertion Des Essarts, Emmanuel Adolphe Desfontaines, René Louiche Desforges, Pierre Jean Baptiste Choudard Desgarcins, Magdeleine Marie Deshayes, Gérard Paul Deshoulières, Antoinette du Ligier de la Garde Desiccation Desiderio da Settignano Desiderius Design Desire Desk Deslongchamps, Jacques Amand Eudes- Desmaiseaux, Pierre Desmarest, Nicolas Desmarets, Jean | Desmarets, Nicolas Des Moines Desmond, Gerald Fitzgerald, 15th Earl of Desmond Desmoscolecida Desmoulins, Lucie Simplice Camille Benoist Desnoyers, Jules Pierre François Stanislas Desor, Pierre Jean Édouard De Soto Despard, Edward Marcus Despenser, Hugh le (d. 1265) Despenser, Hugh le (1262-1326) Des Périers, Bonaventure Desportes, Philippe Despot Des Prés, Josquin Desprès, Suzanne Desrues, Antoine François Dessaix, Joseph Marie Dessau Dessewffy, Aurel Dessoir, Ludwig Destouches, Philippe Destructors De Tabley, John Byrne Leicester Warren, 3rd Baron | Detaille, Jean Baptiste Édouard Detainer Determinant Determinism Detinue Detmold Detroit Dettingen Deucalion Deuce Deus, João de Deuteronomy Deutsch, Immanuel Oscar Menahem Deutschkrone Deutz Deux-Sèvres Deva (spirits) Deva (Chester) Devadatta Devaprayag Devens, Charles Deventer De Vere, Aubrey Thomas Device Devil | Devizes Devolution, War of Devon, Earls of Devonian System Devonport Devonport, East and West Devonshire, Earls and Dukes of Devonshire Devrient Dew Dewan Dewar, Sir James Dewas Dewberry Dew-claw D'Ewes, Sir Simonds De Wet, Christian De Wette, Wilhelm Martin Leberecht Dewey, Davis Rich Dewey, George Dewey, Melvil Dewing, Thomas Wilmer De Wint, Peter De Winter, Jan Willem De Witt, Cornelius De Witt, John |
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Vol 8:11

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| Duperron, Jacques Davy - Durance | Durand, Asher Brown - Durian | Duris - Duval, Claude | Duveneck, Frank - Dynamite |
| Duperron, Jacques Davy Dupin, André Marie Jean Jacques Du Pin, Louis Ellies Dupleix, Joseph François Dupont, Pierre Dupont de l'Étang, Pierre Antoine Dupont de l'Eure, Jacques Charles Du Pont de Nemours, Pierre Samuel Duport, Adrien Duport, James Düppel Du Prat, Antoine Dupré, Jules Dupuis, Charles François Dupuy, Charles Alexandre Dupuy, Pierre Dupuy de Lôme, Stanislas Charles Henri Laurent Dupuytren, Guillaume Duque de Estrada, Diego Duquesne, Abraham Duquesne Duramen Duran Durán, Agustín Durance | Durand, Asher Brown Durand, Guillaume (of Mende) Durand, Guillaume (of St Pourçain) Durando, Giacomo Durango (state) Durango (city) Durani Durante, Francesco Durão, José de Santa Rita Durazzo D'Urban, Sir Benjamin Durban Durbar Düren Durene Dürer, Albrecht Duress D'Urfey, Thomas Durfort Durga Durham, John George Lambton, 1st Earl of Durham (county) Durham (city) Durham (North Carolina) Durian | Duris Dürkheim Durlach Duroc, Géraud Christophe Michel Durocher, Joseph Marie Elisabeth Durra Duruy, Jean Victor Du Ryer, Pierre Duse, Eleanora Dussek, Johann Ludwig Düsseldorf Dusserah Dust Dutch East India Company, The Dutch Language Dutch Literature Dutch Wars Dutch West India Company, The Dutens, Louis Dutrochet, René Joachim Henri Dutt, Michael Madhu Sudan Duty Du Vair, Guillaume Duval, Alexandre Vincent Pineux Duval, Claude | Duveneck, Frank Du Vergier de Hauranne, Jean Duveyrier, Henri Dux Duxbury Dvina Dvinsk Dvořák, Anton Dwaraka Dwarf Dwars Dwight, John Dwight, John Sullivan Dwight, Theodore William Dwight, Timothy Dyaks Dyce, Alexander Dyce, William Dyeing Dyer, Sir Edward Dyer, John Dyer, Thomas Henry Dymoke Dynamics Dynamite |
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Tintern Abbey

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​TINTERN ABBEY, in Monmouthshire, one of the most famous ecclesiastical ruins in England. It is beautifully situated on the right bank of the river Wye. The abbey was founded by Walter de Clare in 1151 for Cistercian monks. The existing church, however, dates from the later part of the 13th century; it is unroofed, and the nave is imperfect, but many of the finest details of a style transitional from Early English to Decorated are preserved. The church is cruciform. Cloisters and other monastic buildings, of which there are considerable remains, lay to the north of the church. The foundation was dissolved by Henry VIII. At the neighbouring village of Tintern Parva there is a station on a branch of the Great Western railway.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Tinker

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​TINKER, an itinerant mender of kettles, pots, pans, &c. The name means simply one who makes a tinkling sound as he mends the vessels, and the word is found as "tinkler" in the 16th century. From early times "tinkers" were looked on as vagabonds, and were so classed in the act of Elizabeth against vagrancy.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Tinnevelly

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​TINNEVELLY, a town and district of British India, in the Madras presidency. The town is on the left bank of the Tambraparni river, on the other side of which is Palamcottah, the administrative headquarters of the district. Pop. (1901), 40,469. It is the terminus of a branch of the South Indian railway, 444 m. S.W. of Madras. Its most noteworthy building is a beautifully sculptured temple of Siva.
The District of Tinnevelly has an area of 5389 sq. m. It is for the most part a plain with an average elevation of 200 ft., sloping to the east with sh'ght undulations. It is watered by numerous short streams, the principal being the Tambraparni with a length of 80 m. The chief irrigation work is the Srivaikuntam anicut or dam on this river. In the north the scenery is unattractive and the soil poor; in the south red sandy soil prevails in which little save the Palmyra palm will grow. This palm yields toddy as well as a coarse sugar. Along the banks of the rivers are rice-fields and a variety of trees and crops; and coffee is grown on the slopes of the Travancore hills. The district contains many ancient and magnificent buildings. But the most interesting antiquities are the large sepulchral earthen urns of prehistoric races, which have been found at several places, especially along the course of the Tambraparni; they contain bones, pottery, beads and bronze ornaments, iron weapons, implements, &c. The South Indian railway has its maritime terminus at Tuticorin, the chief seaport. The ​principal exports are rice to Ceylon and cotton to Japan and Europe. In 1901 the population was 2,059,607, showing an increase of 8 % in the decade. The number of native Christians was 150,213, Tinnevelly being the most Christian district in India. The Society for the Propagation of the Gospel and the Church Missionary Society have important and flourishing stations at Tinnevelly town and Palamcottah, as also have the Jesuits. It was here that St Francis Xavier began his preaching in India. The Shanans, or caste of toddy-drawers, have supplied many converts to Christianity. In 1890 their treatment by the Vellalars, or cultivating caste, led to serious riots and bloodshed.
The early history of Tinnevelly is mixed up with that of Madura and Travancore. Down to 1781 it is a confused tale of anarchy and bloodshed. In that year the nawab of Arcot assigned the revenues to the East India Company, which then undertook the internal administration. Several risings subsequently took place, and in 1801 the whole Carnatic, including Tinnevelly, was ceded to the British.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Tinné, Alexandrine Petronella Francina

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​TINNÉ, ALEXANDRINE PETRONELLA FRANCINA (1830–1869), Dutch traveller in Africa, born at the Hague on the 17th of October 1839, was the daughter of Philip F. Tinné, a Dutch merchant who settled in England during the Napoleonic wars, but afterwards returned to his native land, and of his wife, Baroness Van Steengracht-Capellan. Her father died when she was five years old, leaving her the richest heiress in the Netherlands. After travelling in Norway, Italy and the East, and visiting Egypt, when she ascended the Nile to near Gondokoro, Miss Tinn6 left Europe again in 1861 for the Nile regions. Ac- companied by her mother and her aunt, she set out from Cairo on the 9th of January 1862. After a short stay at Khartum the party ascended the White Nile to a point above Gondokoro, and explored a part of the Sobat, returning to Khartum in November. Baron Theodor von Heuglin (q.v.) and Dr H. Steudner having meantime joined the ladies at Khartum, the whole party set out in February 1863 for the Bahr-el-Ghazal. The intention was to explore that region and ascertain how far westward the Nile basin extended; also to investigate the reports of a vast lake in Central Africa eastwards of those already known — reports referring in all probability to the lake-like expanses of the middle Congo.
Ascending the Bahr-el-Ghazal the limit of navigation was reached on the 10th of March. From Meshra-er-Rek a journey was made overland, across the Bahr Jur and south-west by the Bahr Kosango, to Jebel Kosango, on the borders of the Niam-Niam country. During the journey all the travellers suffered severely from fever. Steudner died in April and Madame Tinné in June, and after many fatigues and dangers the remainder of the party reached Khartum in July 1864, where Miss Tinné’s aunt died. Miss Tinne returned to Cairo by Berber and Suakin. The geographical and scientific results of the expedition were highly important, as will be seen in Heuglin's Die Tinnesche Expedition im westlichen Nilgebiet (1863–1864 (Gotha, 1865), and Reise in das Gebiet des Weissen Nils Leipzig, 1869). A description, by T. Kotschy and J. Peyritsch, of some of the plants discovered by the expedition was published at Vienna in 1867 under the title of Plantes Tinnéennes. At Cairo Miss Tinné lived in Oriental style during the next four years, visiting Algeria, Tunisia and other parts of the Mediterranean. In January 1869 she started from Tripoli with a caravan, intending to proceed to Lake Chad, and thence by Wadai, Darfur and Kordofan to the upper Nile. On the 1st of August, however, on the route from Murzuk to Ghat, she was murdered, together with two Dutch sailors, by Tuareg in league with her escort, who believed that her iron water tanks were filled with gold.
See John A. Tinné's Geographical Notes of an Expedition in Central Africa by three Dutch Ladies (Liverpool, 1864), and Sir H. H. Johnston, The Nile Quest, ch. xvi. (London, 1903).