OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Adelasia

Adelasia of Torres
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ADELASIA.
Of Torres, Queen of Sardinia, in the earlier half of the thirteenth century, was the daughter of Mariano, who held one of the four lord or judgeships into which the Island was divided. About the year 1219, one Ubaldo, a patrician of Pisa, possessed himself by violent means of the judgeship of Gallura, and some other lands; and Mariano of Torres, was called upon by the Papal see, which claimed paramount authority over Sardinia, to resist the usurper; instead of doing which, he entered into an alliance with him, and gave him his daughter in marriage. In 1236, however, both himself and his son were killed in a rebellion, and the sovereignty of Torres, according to the forms of election then and there customary, passed to Adelasia, who, with her husband deemed it prudent to make submission to the Roman pontiff, by whom, on certain conditions, the legality of her title was formerly acknowledged in 1237. The year after Ubaldo died, and Pope Gregory and the Emperor Frederick were each desirous of providing her with a second husband, who would be likely to favour their respective views and interests. The Emperor's illegitimate son, Euseus, celebrated for his manly beauty, was the successful candidate for the hand of the widow, whom he married in 1238. He immediately assumed the title of King of Torres and Gallura, and soon after that of Sardinia, and then from some undiscovered cause evinced the bitterest hatred towards his wife, depriving her of all share of the government, and shutting her up in the castle of Goceuno, where she appears to have died.
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Adriam, Marie

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ADRIAM, MARIE,
A female who in 1793, at the age of sixteen, fought valiantly during the whole time that Lyons was besieged. On being arrested after the engagement, and asked how she had dared to take up arms? she replied, "I used them to serve my country, and deliver it from its oppressors!" She was immediately condemned, and executed.
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Agatha, Saint

Agatha of Sicily
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AGATHA, SAINT,
A Sicilian lady, who was remarkable for her beauty and talents. Quiutianus, governor of Sicily fell in love with her, and made many vain attempts on her virtue. When he found Agatha inflexible, his desire changed into resentment, and discovering that she was a Christian, he determined to gratify his revenge. He ordered her to be scourged, burnt with red-hot irons, and torn with sharp hooks. Having borne these torments with admirable fortitude, she was laid naked on live coals mingled with glass, and being carried back to prison, she expired there, A.D. 251.
It is said that Quintianus was drowned while on his way to take possession of the estates of the virgin martyr, who was afterwards canonized, the 5th. of February, that being St. Agatha's day, and occupying a conspicuous position in the Greek and Roman calendar. She is considered the peculiar patroness of Sicily, where there is a miraculous well named after her, which has the credit of haring several times stayed the eruptions of Mount Vesuvius.
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Agesistrata

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AGESISTRATA,
Wife of Eudamidas the Second, and mother of Agis the Fourth, king of Sparta, was a woman of great wealth and influence among her people. She had brought up her son very voluptuously; but when he became king, he resolved to restore the ancient severe discipline and mode of living of the Spartans, and began by setting the example himself. Agesistrata at first opposed the reformation, by which she would lose much of her wealth; afterwards she not only approved of her son's design, but endeavoured to gain the other women to join her, as they had great influence in the community, and the greatest difficulty was expected to arise from their opposition; but instead of uniting with her, they applied to Leonidas the Third, the other king of Lacedæmon, to frustrate the designs of his colleague. In consequence of the disturbances that ensued, Agis was obliged to take refuge in one of the temples; but one day, on his returning to his sanctuary from a bath, he was seized and thrown into prison. Agesistrata, and Archidamia, grandmother of Agis, used all their influence, but in vain, to induce the ephori to allow Agis to plead his cause before his own people. They were, however, allowed to share his prison, when one of the ephori, who was in debt to Agesistrata, by his intrigues succeeded in having them all strangled at once. Agesistrata met ​her unexpected death with calmness and composure, about B. C. 300.
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Adrichomia, Cornelia

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ADRICHOMIA, CORNELIA,
A descendant of the noble family of Adrictem, and a nun in Holland of the St. Augustine order, who lived in the sixteenth century, published a poetical version of the psalms, with several other religious poems. Her excellent understanding and erudition are commended by writers of her own time. She composed for herself the following epitaph:—
Corpus homo, animam superis Cornelia mando; Pulve rulerta caro vermibus esca datur. Non ac lacrymos, non singultus, tristesque querelas, Sed Christo oblatus nunc precor umbra preces.
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Agigan Lucrezia

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AGIGAN LUCREZIA,
Was the wife of Colla, an Italian composer of secondary rank, who was in London in 1777. His compositions were almost exclusively sung by his wife, of whom Burney, in his History of Music, speaks as "a wonderful performer," saying that she had two octaves of fair natural voice, and stating, on the authority of Sacchini, that in early youth she could go up to B flat, in altissimo. Her shake was perfect, her intonation true, and her execution marked and rapid. From London she went to Parma, and died there in 1783.
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Adelaide, daughter of Rodolphus

Adelaide of Italy
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ADELAIDE,
Daughter of Rodolphus, king of Burgundy, married Lotharius the Second, king of Italy, and after his death, Otho the First, emperor of Germany. Her character was exemplary, and she always exerted her influence for the good of her subjects. She died in 999, aged sixty-nine.
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Adorni, Catharine Fieschi

Catherine of Genoa
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ADORNI, CATHARINE FIESCHI,
A Genoese lady, married a dissipated young man, Julian Adorni, ​whom, by her modest and virtuous conduct, she reclaimed. After his death she retired to Geneva, where she devoted herself to acts of piety and benevolence. She wrote several works on divinity; and died in 1510, aged sixty-three.
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Burnet, Elizabeth

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BURNET, ELIZABETH,
Third wife of Bishop Burnet, and daughter of Sir Richard Blake, Knight, was born in London, in 1661. At the age of eighteen, she married Robert Berkeley, Esq., of Spetchley, with whom she went to Holland to reside till the revolution in England, when they returned to Spetchley, where her husband died. After being a widow seven years, she, in 1700, married Gilbert Burnet, Bishop of Salisbury. She was benevolent and exemplary in her conduct. She published a book of devotion, which showed great religions knowledge. It was called, "A Method of Devotion; or, Rules for Holy and Devout Living; with prayers on several occasions, and Advices and Devotions for the Holy Sacrament: written by Mrs. Lumet." She died in 1709, and was buried at Spetchley, near her first husband, according to a promise made to him during his life.
A constant journal was kept by Mrs. Burnet, of her life; every evening she devoted some time to recollections of the past day, by way of avoiding in future any errors into which she might have fallen. Though without learning, she possessed an acute and active mind; theology continued to be her favourite study, to which, by the circumstances of the times and of her own situation, she had been more particularly led. She also made some progress in geometry and philosophy: but she valued knowledge as a means rather than as an end, as it had a tendency to enlarge and purify the mind. By the austerities of her piety, which was exalted to enthusiasm, she injured her constitution; but, in her zeal for speculative opinions, she never lost sight of candour and benevolence; she considered the regulation of her conduct, and the purity of her life, as the best evidence of the sincerity of her faith. Her general manners were unaffected, cheerful, and conciliating; severe to herself and candid to others. Without external pretence of ostentation, humility, modesty, and kindness were her peculiar characteristics. In what was indifferent, she avoided singularity, and conformed with moderation and simplicity to the customs suited to her station and rank.
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Calphurnia

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CALPHURNIA,
Wife of the celebrated philosopher, Pliny the Elder, who was killed, in 79, in consequence of approaching too near to Mount Vesuvius, when it was in a state of eruption, must have been a woman of superior character, by the manner in which her husband spoke of her, and the strong affection he seems to have borne her; in a letter to her aunt Hispulla, he says:—
"As you are an example of every virtue, and as you tenderly loved your excellent brother, whose daughter (to whom you supplied the place of both parents) you considered as your own, I doubt not but you will rejoice to learn, that she proves worthy of her father, worthy of you, and worthy of her grandfather. She has great talents; she is an admirable economist; and she loves me with an entire affection: a sure sign of her chastity. To these qualities, she unites a taste for literature, inspired by her tenderness for me. She has collected my works, which she reads perpetually, and even learns to repeat. When I am to speak in public, she places herself as near to me as possible, under cover of her veil, and listens with delight to the praises bestowed upon me. She sings my verses, and, untaught, adapts them to her lute: love is her only instructor."
In a letter to Calphumia, Pliny writes: "My eager desire to see you is incredible. Love is its first spring; the next, that we have been so seldom separated. I pass the greater part of the night in thinking of you. In the day also, at those hours in which I have been accustomed to see you, my feet carry me spontaneously to your apartment, whence I constantly return out of humour and dejected, as if you had refused to admit me. There is one part of the day only that affords relief to my disquiet; the time dedicated to pleading the causes of my friends. Judge what a life mine must be, when labour is my rest, and when cares and perplexities are my only comforts. Adieu."
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Bury, Lady Charlotte

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BURY, LADY CHARLOTTE,
Was in her youth esteemed "The beauty of the Argyle family." As Lady Charlotte Campbell, she was one of the earliest Mends of Sir Walter Scott; the notice of a beautiful young woman of the highest rank whose taste for literature enables her to appreciate genius, could not be otherwise than flattering to a young poet whose fame was yet to be established. Lady Charlotte after she became a widow, was left in moderate circumstances with a family to advance: this state of things recommended her to an office in the household of the Princess of Wales, afterwards Queen Caroline, where she was admitted to the close intimacy of her mistress, from whom she received every sort of kindness, including large presents in money. She seems to have but indifferently requited these benefits, by a very scandalous publication, entitled, "Diary illustrative of the times of George the Fourth," in which, all the foibles of the unfortunate Caroline of Brunswick are held up to ridicule. This book appeared anonymously, but as it underwent a most scathing review from Lord Brougham, in which he proclaimed the author, and as Lady Charlotte never offered any denial, there can be no doubt that she is the delinquent. She has written a great number of what are termed "Fashionable novels," which have not survived their little hour. Some of them, if that may be considered an honour, have been drawn from the oblivion into which they had sunk to be republished in America, in the twenty-five cent form, to augment the immense supply of steamboat and rail-car literature. We will add the names of some thus distinguished. "A Marriage in High Life;" "The Divorce;" "Love;" "The Separation;" "Flirtation;" &c.
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Calage, de Pech de

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CALAGE, DE PECH DE,
Was a native of Toulouse, in France. She seems to have lived in the reign of Louis the Thirteenth. She obtained the prize for poetry, at the Floral Games of Toulouse, several times.
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Calavrese, Maria

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CALAVRESE, MARIA,
Was born at Rome in 1486, and was thought a good historical painter, as well in oil as in fresco. She worked for some time at Naples, but died at Rome in 1542.
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Callcott, Lady

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CALLCOTT, LADY,
Wife of Sir Augustus Callcott, R. A., was the daughter of Rear-Admiral George Dundas. She was born in 1788, and in 1809 married Captain Thomas Graham, of the British navy, and went with him to India. She returned to England, after having travelled over a great part of India, and published her travels in 1812. She went afterwards to Italy, and in 1820 published a work called "Three Months in the Environs of Rome;" and also "The Memoirs of the Life of Poussin." In 1822, Mrs. Graham accompanied her husband to South America; during the voyage. Captain Graham died, and was buried at Valparaiso. While in South America, Mrs. Graham became the instructress of Donna Maria, now Queen of Portugal. Some years after, she married Mr. Callcott. She died in England, 1843. Her other published works were "History of Spain;" "Essays towards the History of Painting;" "Scripture Herbal;" and some books for children.
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Calderon de la Barca, Frances Erskine

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CALDERON DE LA BARCA, FRANCES ERSKINE,
Is by birth a native of Scotland, her father being a descendant ​of the Earls of Bachan, and a grandson of the celebrated Colonel Gardiner, mentioned in Scott's "Waverley," who fell at Preston-Pans. The wife of Colonel Gardiner was Lady Frances Erskine, daughter of the Earl of Buchan, and famous in her time both for her beauty, and her correspondence with Dr. Doddridge, as well as other celebrated divines. Mr. Inglis, the father of Madame de Calderon, lost his property when she was quite young, and, in consequence, removed with his family to Normandy, where they resided for several years. After her father's decease, Miss Inglis accompanied her mother and the rest of the family to America. For six years Fanny Inglis assisted in the instruction of a school, established by her mother and sister in Boston, and was considered an excellent teacher. This portion of her history is a model for young ladies, who should cheerfully assist in sustaining themselves and others dear to them, whenever such necessity occurs. Fanny Inglis while in adversity showed herself worthy of estimation and esteem, and the honour she gained is all the higher, because paid to her talents and virtues when the smiles of fortune were withdrawn.
In 1838, Miss Inglis was married to his Excellency Don Calderon de la Barca, a collateral descendant, we believe, of the great dramatist, Calderon, and went to reside at Washington. In 1840, M. de Calderon being appointed to Mexico, they passed two years there, and the experiences of those years have been recorded in the hook which has rendered Madame Calderon so justly celebrated. Her work entitled "Life in Mexico," was published in 1843; it is written in a spirited, graphic, and fascinating style, and it is impossible not to feel that the brilliant pictures in it are drawn from nature; by reading it we obtain an insight into the ways of tropical life, and the habits of the Mexicans of all classes, for she observes everything. The general accuracy of her account has never been questioned, while a slight vein of romance running through her description, has infused a spirit of life and vivacity into her book, making it a most delightful as well as useful work. In 1844, M. Calderon being again named minister to the United States, the family returned to Washington, where they have since resided. During the last seven years, after three years of devoted study, Madame Calderon has become a Roman Catholic, with a thorough conviction that she has embraced the true faith.
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Calpurnia

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CALPURNIA,
Daughter of Lucius Piso, of an ancient and an honourable family in Rome, married Cæsar, after his divorce from his third wife, Pompeia. In her he found a wife such as he desired, whose propriety of conduct placed her "above suspicion." To her virtues she added beauty, talents, prudence, an extraordinary eloquence, and a generosity and magnanimity of mind truly Roman. Unmoved by all reverses of fortune, she showed herself equally dignified when wife to Cæsar, senator of Rome, as when consort to the master of the world. Warned, as she thought, in a dream, of her husband's fate, she entreated him not to leave his house on the ides of March; but, urged by the conspirators, he disregarded her prayers, and was assassinated before his return, March 15th., B. C. 44.
Calpurnia, superior to the weakness of ordinary minds, pronounced publicly, in the rostra, the funeral eulogium of her husband in an impressive and eloquent manner. Having declared a loss like hers to be irreparable, she passed the remainder of her life in mourning, secluded in the house of Marc Antony, to whom she entrusted the treasures and papers of Cæsar, that she might be the better enabled to avenge his death.
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Campan, Jane Louisa Henrietta

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CAMPAN, JANE LOUISA HENRIETTA,
Was born at Paris, 1752. She was the daughter of M. Genet, first clerk in the office of the Minister of Foreign Affairs. He was fond of literature, and communicated a taste for it to his daughter, who early displayed considerable talents. She acquired a knowledge of foreign languages, particularly the Italian and English, and was distinguished for her skill in reading and recitation. These acquisitions procured for her the place of reader to the French princesses, daughters of Louis the Fifteenth. On the marriage of Maria Antoinette to the Dauphin, afterwards Louis the Sixteenth, Mademoiselle Genet was attached to her suite, and continued, during twenty years, to occupy a situation about her person.
Her general intelligence and talent for observation enabled Madame Campan, in the course of her service, to collect the materials for her "Memoirs of the Private Life of the Queen of France," first published in Paris, and translated and printed in London, 1823, in two volumes. This work is not only interesting for the information it affords, but is also very creditable to the literary talents of the authoress. Soon after her appointment at court. Mademoiselle Genet was married to M. Campan, son of the Secretary of the queen's closet. When Maria Antoinette was made a prisoner, Madame Campan begged to be permitted to accompany her royal mistress, and share her imprisonment, which was refused. Madame Campan was with the queen at the storming of the Tuilleries, on the 10th. of August, when she narrowly escaped with her life; and under the rule of Robespierre, she came near being sent to the guillotine. After the fall of that tyrant, she retired to the country and opened a private seminary for young ladies, which she conducted with great success. Josephine Beauhamais sent her daughter Hortense, to the seminary of Madame Campan. She had also the sisters of the Emperor under her care. In 1806, Napoleon founded the school of Ecouen, for the daughters and sisters of the officers of the Legion of Honour, and appointed Madame Campan to superintend it. This institution was suppressed at the restoration of the Bourbons, and Madame Campan retired to Nantes, where she partly prepared her "Memoirs," and other works.
She died in 1822, aged seventy. After her decease, her "Private Journal" was published; also "Familiar Letters to her Friends," And a work, which she considered her most important one, entitled "Thoughts on Education,"
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Bury, Elizabeth

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BURY, ELIZABETH,
Daughter of Captain Lawrence, was born at Linton, Cambridgeshire, and married Mr. Lloyd, of Huntingdonshire; and after his death, Samuel Bury, a dissenting minister of Bristol. She excelled in her knowledge of divinity, mathematics, and the learned languages, and was noted for her piety. She particularly applied herself to the study of Hebrew, in which, by unwearied application and practice, she became a proficient She wrote critical remarks upon the idioms and peculiarities of the Hebrew language, which were found among her papers after her decease. She was a good musician, and spoke French with ease and fluency. She took great interest in the study of anatomy and medicine, which she frequently made useful among those by whom she was surrounded.
Her beneficence and generosity were habitual and persevering, and often exerted on an extensive scale, so that at one time she ​seriously impaired her fortune. She died at Bristol, in 1720, aged seventy-six.
Mrs. Bury often regretted the disadvantages of her sex, who, by their habits of education, and the customs of society, were illiberally excluded from the means of acquiring knowledge. She contended that mind was of no sex, and that man was no less an enemy to himself than to woman, in confining her attention to frivolous attainments. She often spoke with pleasure and gratitude of her own obligations to her father and her preceptors, for having risen superior to these unworthy prejudices, and opened to her the sources of intellectual enjoyment.
# A Biographical Dictionary of the Celebrated Women of Every Age and Country/Killigrew, (Anne)

"She was," as Mr. Wood says, "a grace for beauty, and a muse for wit," and gave the earliest discoveries of a great genius; which, being improved by a polite education, she became eminent in the arts of poetry and painting." Mr. Dryden seems quite lavish in her commendation; but Mr. Wood assures us, he has said nothing of her, which she was not equal, if not superior to. Thus speaks Mr. Dryden:
"Art she had none, yet wanted none, For nature did that want supply, So rich in treasure of her own, She might our boasted stores defy: Such noble vigour did her verse adorn, That it seem'd borrow'd where 'twas only born."
She was a great proficient in the art of painting, and drew the duke of York, afterwards king James II. and also the Duchess, to whom she was maid of honour. She drew several historical pieces, also some portraits, or her diversion, and likewise some pieces of still life. Mr. Becket drew her picture in mezzotinto, after her own painting, which is prefixed to her poems. These engaging and polite accomplishments were the least of ​her perfections; for she crowned all with an exemplary piety, and unblemished virtue. She died of the small pox, 1685, in the 25th year of her age. Upon which Mr. Dryden lamented her death in a very long ode.
She was buried in the chapel of the Savoy hospital, on the north side of which is a neat monument of marble and free stone, fixed in the wall, with a Latin inscription. Soon after her death, was published a book, entitled. Poems by Mrs. Anne Killigrew, London, 1686, in a large thin quarto.
Female Worthies.