OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Orgel

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Orgel | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Orgel, f., ‘organ’ (mus. instrument), from MidHG. organâ, orgene, OHG. organâ, f., of which a rare variant in l occurs, OHG. orgela, MidHG. orgel, f., ‘organ.’ OHG. organa is derived from MidLat. organum (Ital. organo, Fr. orgue, E. organ), or rather its plur. organa, ‘organ.’ Properly, however, “organa dicuntur omnia instrumenta musicorum; non solum illud organum dicitur quod grande est et inflatur follibus, &c.” (Augustine). Organs were known to the MidEurop. Teutons as early as the latter half of the 8th cent., espec. in the reign of Charlemagne, for Charlemagne himself received a magnificent organ, which was described by a monk of St. Gall, as a present from the Byzantine emperor Michael.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Ostern

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Ostern | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Ostern, fem. plur, from the equiv. MidHG. ôster, f., more usual ôsteren, plur., OHG. ôstarûn, f. plur., ostara, f., ‘Easter’; corresponding to AS. eáster, n., eástro, f. plur. whence the equiv. E. Easter. Probably applied at an earlier period to an old heathen festival of the West Teutons. It is based upon the name of an OTeut. goddess of spring, Austrô, which must be identical with Ind. usrâ, ‘dawn’ (between s and r, t is inserted in Teut., see Schwester). The OAryan Aurôra had among the Teutons, to some extent at least, exchanged the character of a goddess of dawn for that of the light-bearing goddess of spring. This is indicated by the time of the Easter festival; the Christian season must have coincided with the heathen, since the name of the latter was appropriated. Bede testifies to the existence of the OTeut. goddess by the mention of the E. dial. form Eostra (for West Sax. Eástre). Ausôs, the OTeut. name of Aurôra, was the origin of the Teut. derivatives for ‘east,’ as well as AS. eárendel, ‘morning star, daybreak,’ whence the OHG. proper name Ôrentil in the later Orendel legends. See Osten.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Fluch

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Fluch. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Fluch, from the equivalent Middle High German vluoch, masculine, Old High German fluoh, masculine, ‘curse, imprecation’; Dutch vloek.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Flucht

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Flucht. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Flucht, feminine, ‘flight, escape, refuge; row, floor,’ the equivalent Middle High German vluht, Old High German and Old Saxon fluht, feminine, a verbal abstract from fliehen; Dutch vlugt, Anglo-Saxon flyht, English flight; Gothic *þlaúhti-, ‘flight,’ is wanting, for which þlauhi- occurs. In Old Icelandic flótte, masculine, ‘flight,’ pointing to Gothic þlaúhta. The verbal abstract of fliegen might in Scandinavian and West Teutonic coincide with this word; in fact, Anglo-Saxon flyht, English flight, and Dutch vlugt signify both ‘fleeing’ and ‘flying.’ See fliegen with respect to this confusion.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Flocke

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Flocke. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Flocke, feminine, ‘flake, flock (of wool), flue,’ from Middle High German vlocke, masculine, ‘flake, snowflake,’ Old High German floccho; compare Dutch vlok, Danish flokke, Swedish flokka, English (not in Anglo-Saxon) flock, but Old Icelandic flóke, ‘flock (of hair, wool, &c.).’ The supposition that the word was borrowed from Latin floccus is hardly worth considering, since the High German word is recorded even in the Old High German period, and gives no support to such a derivation (yet compare Flaum). Besides many possible roots exist within the Teutonic group, either in fliegen (Teutonic root flugh, from pre-Teutonic plugh) or in Anglo-Saxon flacor, ‘flying’ (see flackern); on account of Old Icelandic flóke, the latter is to be preferred. English flock, ‘herd,’ is beside the mark; like Old Icelandic flokkr, ‘herd, flock,’ and Anglo-Saxon flocc, it almost certainly belongs to fliegen, and probably signified originally ‘a swarm of flying creatures’ (Kette, ‘covey,’ on the other hand, meant properly ‘any kind of herd’).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Floh

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Floh. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Floh, masculine, ‘flea,’ from Middle High German vlôch, vlô, masculine, feminine, Old High German flôh, masculine; a common Teutonic term; compare Dutch floo, Anglo-Saxon fleáh, English flea, Old Icelandic fló. It probably means ‘fugitive,’ and is akin to fliehen; hence a Gothic *þláuhs, not *fláuhs, is to be assumed. But even if *fláuhs is the Gothic form, it cannot be connected with either Greek Ψύλλα or Latin pulex, since neither vowels nor consonants are in accord. Fliegen too is unrelated, since the final sound of its stem is g only, and not h.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Floß

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Floß. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Floß, neuter, ‘float, raft, buoy, stream, fishing-net,’ from Middle High German vlôȥ, Old High German flôȥ, masculine, neuter, ‘raft,’ also in Middle High German and Old High German in the senses ‘current, flood, river’; Dutch vlot, ‘raft’; compare Anglo-Saxon fleót, neuter, ‘ship,’ English fleet, Anglo-Saxon flota, ‘ship’ (also ‘mariner, sailor’), English float, substantive and verb; note too Anglo-Saxon flŷte, ‘cream, flos lactis,’ with which English to fleet (‘to skim’) is connected, Low German flot, ‘cream’; ​compare Lithuanian pluditi, ‘to float,’ under fließen (Flosse).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Florin

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Florin. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Florin, masculine, ‘florin,’ from late Middle High German flôrîn, masculine, ‘a gold coin first made in Florence, and stamped with a lily, the armorial bearings of the town’ (appeared about the middle of the 14th century); Middle Latin florinus, from flos, ‘flower’; Italian fiore.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Floskel

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Floskel. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Floskel, feminine, ‘flourish, showy phrase,’ simply late Modern High German, from Latin floscellus.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Flotte

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Flotte. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Flotte, feminine, ‘fleet, navy,’ Modern High German only, from French flotte, which, with its Romance cognates, was borrowed from Scandinavian flote, neuter, ‘fleet’; compare Dutch vloot, but English fleet; all allied to fließen, Teutonic root flut.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Flor

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Flor. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Flor, masculine, ‘gauze, crape, bloom,’ Modern High German only; formed from Dutch floers; akin to Middle High German floier, ‘headdress with dangling ribbons’ (compare Schleier)?, flôrsen, ‘adornment, finery’?.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Flosse

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Flosse. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Flosse, feminine, from the equivalent Middle High German vloȥȥe, Old High German floȥȥa, feminine, ‘float; Floßfeder, ‘fin,’ even in Middle High German vloȥvëdere, in Old Saxon simply fëthara, ‘float,’ like Greek πτέρυξ, ‘feather, float,’ Latin pinna, ‘feather, float.’ See Finne. Flosse, akin to fließen, ‘to float.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/sicher

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/sicher | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ sicher, adj., ‘sure, certain, trusty,’ from MidHG. sicher, OHG. sihhū̆r, ‘careless, unconcerned; sure, protected, confident’; to these are allied OSax. and AS. sicor, ‘free from guilt and punishment,’ MidE. sîker, Du. zeker (OHG. sihhorô(illegible text), ‘to justify, protect, promise, vow,’ OSax. sicorôn, ‘to set free’). It is based on the common West Teut. loan-word Lat. sêcûrus (phonetic intermediate form sĕcûrus, the accent of which was Germanised when the word was borrowed); comp. Ital. sicuro, Fr. sûr. The term was naturalised in G. before the 7th cent., as is shown by the permutation of k to ch. Was it first introduced through the medium of legal phraseology? Comp. OHG. sihhorôn, ‘to justify, purgare.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/singen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/singen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ singen, vb., ‘to sing, chant,’ from the equiv. MidHG. singen, OHG. and OSax. singan; a common Teut. vb. occurring in the same sense in all the dials.; comp. Goth. seggwan, OIc. syngva, AS. singan, E. to sing, Du. zingen (yet Goth. also ‘to read,’ OHG. also ‘to crow’). The Teut. root singw, which appears also in Sang, &c., is only doubtfully related to some terms in the non-Teut. languages; it is said to be primit. allied to sagen (Teut. root sag, from Aryan seq), and to this there is no phonetic ​objection. It is more probably connected with Gr. ὀμφή, ‘voice, speech, oracle,’ if a pre-historic root sengh be assumed. Comp. sengen, and, for other Teut. artistic expressions, Lied and Harfe.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/sickern

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/sickern | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ sickern, vb., ‘to trickle, drop,’ ModHG. only, from LG.?. Comp. AS. sicerian, ‘to trickle, ooze’; allied to seichen and sinken (Teut. root sī̆k, sī̆h, from Aryan sig, sik).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/siech

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/siech | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ siech, adj., ‘sickly, infirm,’ from MidHG. siech, OHG. sioh (hh), adj., ‘sick’; corresponding to OSax. siok, Du. ziek, AS. seóc, E. sick, OIc. sjúkr, Goth. siuks, ‘sick.’ The OTeut. term for ‘sick, ill,’ compared with the ModG. word krank; comp. the difference in meaning between ModHG. siech and Seuche. To this Sucht is allied (and schwach?), as well as Goth. siukan, str. vb., ‘to be weak.’ A pre-Teut. root sug is wanting.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/siedeln

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/siedeln | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ siedeln, vb., ‘to settle, establish,’ from the equiv. MidHG. sidelen; allied to MidHG. sëdel, OHG. sëdal, m. and n., ‘seat, settle, residence,’ a variant of Sessel, Goth. sitls (*siþls). There are several examples of the change of tl to þl (parallel to that of tn to þn in Boden). Comp. also Einsiedel.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/sieden

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/sieden | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ sieden, vb., ‘to seethe, boil, stew,’ from MidHG. sieden, OHG. siodan, ‘to seethe, cook’; comp. Du. zieden, AS. seóðan, E. to seethe, OIc. sjóða, ‘to seethe, cook.’ In ​Goth. the only allied term is sauþs, m., ‘offering’ (OIc. sauðr, ‘sheep,’ prop. ‘sacrificial animal’). An Aryan root sut seems to be wanting in the cognate languages.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/sie

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/sie | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ sie, pron., ‘she, her, it, they, them’; from MidHG. sie, si (sî), nom. and acc. sing. f., nom. and acc. plur., m., f., and n., OHG. siu, sī̆, nom. sing. f., sié, nom. and acc. plur. For further details see grammars.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/sich letzen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/sich letzen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ sich letzen, ‘to indulge oneself, from MidHG. lętzen, ‘to liberate, do one a kindness, take one's leave, regale oneself.’ See also the following word.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/sichten

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/sichten | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ sichten, vb., ‘to sift, winnow,’ ModHG. only, formed from LG. sichten, earlier Du. zichten, ‘to sift’; these are derived from an older siften, with a LG. change of ft to ht; ModDu. ziften, with an abnormal ft (for gt), is based on zeef, ‘sieve.’ Comp. AS. siftan, E. to sift. A derivative of the root sib, ‘to sift’; see Sieb.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/sieben

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/sieben | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ sieben, num. ‘seven,’ from the equiv. MidHG. siben, OHG. sibun; corresponding to Goth. sibun, AS. seofon, E. seven, Du. zeven, OSax. siƀun, ‘seven’; orig. septn. Like all units, a common Aryan word; comp. Sans. saptan, Gr. ἑπτά, Lat. septem, OSlov. sedmĭ, OIr. secht, ‘seven.’ The t of the Aryan prim. form septn- disappears in primit. Teut. between p and n.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Gewehr

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Gewehr | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Gewehr, n., ‘weapon of defence, gun, musket,’ from MidHG. gewęr, f. n., ‘guard, defence, bulwark, weapon; even in OHG. giwęr, n., ‘weapon, goad,’ węri, ‘rampart, means of defence.’ Allied to wehren.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Geweih

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Geweih | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Geweih, n., ‘horns, antlers,’ from the equiv. MidHG. gewîge (hirzgewîge), n.; in OHG. the corresponding word is wanting; comp. Du. gewicht, n., ‘stag's antlers,’ whence a G. variant Gewicht. The cognates have most frequently been connected with the OTeut. root wī̆g, ‘to fight’ (see Weigand); Geweih would then be regarded as the weapon of the stag.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Gewitter

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Gewitter | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Gewitter, n., ‘thunder-storm,’ from MidHG. gewitere, OHG. giwitiri, ‘bad weather’; collective of Wetter; corresponding to OSax. giwidiri, Goth. *gawidri, n. The ModHG. meaning is wanting in OHG. and MidHG. OHG. giwitiri may also mean ‘hail.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Gienmuschel

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Gienmuschel | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Gienmuschel, f., ‘a species of tellina,’ allied to MidHG. ginen (gienen), ‘to gape, open the mouth wide,’ OHG. ginên; the latter is derived from an OTeut. root gī̆ (Aryan ghī̆), ‘to bark, gape, open the mouth wide.’ See gähnen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Gicht

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Gicht | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Gicht, f. and n., ‘gout, mouth of a furnace,’ from the equiv. MidHG. giht, n. E. (chiefly in the collective form gegihte, n.), ‘gout, convulsions, spasms.’ OHG. *gihido may be inferred from AS. gihða, m., ‘paralysis’; this dental suffix is frequent in old names of diseases. The root gih is not found elsewhere, and its prim. meaning is obscure. Gehen cannot in any case be allied, since it presumes a root gai (from ga and a root ī̆; nor could we from this comparison infer the prim. meaning of Gicht.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Gier

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Gier | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Gier, f., ‘eagerness, inordinate desire,’ from MidHG. gir (gër), f., ‘longing, craving, greediness,’ OHG. girî, f.; abstract of an adj., OHG. gër and giri, MidHG. gër, gir, ‘craving, longing,’ which is connected with the root ger (Aryan gher), discussed under gern. Another abstract form allied to this is ModHG. Gierde (-Begierde), from MidHG. girde, OHG. girida, f. (Du. begeerte). For the older adj. MidHG. gir, gër, only gierig is now used, from MidHG. girec, OHG. girîg, ‘desirous.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Gewicht

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Gewicht | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Gewicht, n., ‘antlers,’ see Geweih. — Gewicht, n.. ‘weight,’ from the equiv. MidHG. gewiht, gewihte, n.; OHG. *giwiht; verbal abstract of wiegen; corresponding to AS. gewiht, E. weight, Du. gewigt, OIc. vœtt.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Giebel

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Giebel | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Giebel, m., ‘gable, summit,’ from the equiv. MidHG. gibel, OHG. gibil, m.; corresponding to Du. gevel, OIc. gafl, ‘gable,’ Goth. gibla, m., ‘spire.’ The OHG. word significs ‘front side’ (e.g., of the ark of the covenant), as well as ‘nap’ (of velvet, &c.), so that ‘extreme end’ is probably the prim. meaning. It may be assumed, however, that the word was used in a figurative sense, MidHG. gëbel, OHG. gëbal, m., ‘skull, head,’ OHG. gibilla, f., ‘skull’; primit. allied to Gr. κεφαλή, ‘head’ (Aryan ghebhalâ, the type of this word and of Giebel); hence Giebel is lit. ‘head.’
Giebel, Gieben, m., ‘crucian’; like the equiv. Fr. gibel, of obscure origin.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Gewerbe

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Gewerbe | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Gewerbe, n., ‘mode of acquisition, trade, craft, from MidHG. gewërbe, n., ‘activity, business’; allied to werben.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Gewissen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Gewissen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Gewissen, n.,‘conscience,’ from MidHG. gewiȥȥen, f. n., ‘knowledge, information, privity, inner consciousness, conscience,’ even in OHG. giwiȥȥanî, f., ‘conscience’ (Du. geweten); probably an imitation of Lat. conscientia (G. ge equiv. to Lat. con, as in Gevatter), comp. also barmherzig; in Goth. midwissei. OHG. giwiȥȥanî is most closely connected with wissen, THG. infin wiȥȥan.
# Anna Karenina (Garnett)/Part Seven
### Contents

* Chapter 1
* Chapter 2
* Chapter 3
* Chapter 4
* Chapter 5
* Chapter 6
* Chapter 7
* Chapter 8
* Chapter 9
* Chapter 10
* Chapter 11
* Chapter 12
* Chapter 13
* Chapter 14
* Chapter 15
* Chapter 16
* Chapter 17
* Chapter 18
* Chapter 19
* Chapter 20
* Chapter 21
* Chapter 22
* Chapter 23
* Chapter 24
* Chapter 25
* Chapter 26
* Chapter 27
* Chapter 28
* Chapter 29
* Chapter 30
* Chapter 31
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Kram

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Kram. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Kram, masculine, ‘retail trade,’ from Middle High German krâm, masculine, properly ‘stretched cloth, marquee,’ especially ‘covering of a stall,’ then the ‘stall’ itself (also called krâme, feminine), ‘trade wares’; corresponding to Dutch kraam, feminine, ‘retail shop, wares,’ then, strangely enough, ‘child-bed,’ which must have originated in the meaning ‘stretched cloth,’ as the covering for the bed. A specifically German word introduced into the North by commerce (Icelandic kram, neuter, ‘wares,’ Lithuanian krómas). ‘Tent-cloth’ may have been the primary meaning of Gothic *krêma-.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Kranich

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Kranich. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Kranich, masculine, from the equivalent Middle High German kranech (kręnich), masculine, Old High German chranuh, chranih (hh), masculine, ‘crane’ (bird); also without the guttural suffix, Middle High German krane, which agrees with the Middle German, Low German, and English forms (Dutch kraan, feminine, ‘crane’ — bird, and then machine; Anglo-Saxon cran and cornuc, English crane in both senses). In the Scandinavian languages, Old Icelandic trane, masculine, ‘crane,’ seems to be connected with these. The suffix ch in Modern High German is Gothic k in ahaks, ‘pigeon,’ Anglo-Saxon hafoc, ‘Habich-t’ (hawk). The corresponding words for ‘crane’ in the other West Aryan languages (primary form ger-w) are the most closely allied — Greek γέρανος, Keltic and Welsh garan; also Old Slovenian žeravĭ, Lithuanian gérwê, feminine, Latin grus (genitive gru-is), corresponds to Old High German chreia, ‘crane.’ The derivation of Greek γέρανος, from γεράσκω, root ger, ‘to grow old,’ as if the crane were remarkable for its great age, is open to objection. Further, the crane is one of the few names of birds (see Drossel) in which several Aryan stems coincide. Compare also Krahn and Krammetsvogel.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Kralle

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Kralle. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Kralle, feminine, ‘claw, talon, clutch,’ Modern High German only; wanting in the earlier periods. Allied to Greek γράω, ‘to gnaw,’ Sanscrit root gras, ‘to devour’?. Middle High German krellen, ‘to scratch’ (Gothic *krazljan?), is more closely connected.