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# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Gregory, William (fl.1520)

1904 Errata appended.
​GREGORY, WILLIAM (fl. 1520), Carmelite, was a Scotchman who studied at Montagu College, Paris, and in 1499 became a Carmelite of the congregation of Albi; he afterwards became prior of his order successively at Melun, Albi, and Toulouse, and vicar-general of the congregation at Albi. He was made (28 Dec. 1516) a doctor of the Sorbonne, and confessor to Francis I. Bale says he was living at Toulouse in 1528. Numerous works, chiefly theological, are ascribed to him; the first words of some of them are given by Bale and other writers. According to De Villiers, one of his works, ‘Funerale & Processionale secundum usum Carmelitarum,’ 8vo, was printed at Toulouse in 1518.
[Bale, xiv. 62; Harl. MSS. 1819 and 3838 (Bale's Collections); Tanner's Bibl. Brit. p. 343; C. De Villiers's Bibliotheca Carmelitarum, i 599; Le Long's Biblia Sacra, ed. 1723, p. 753.]
C. L. K.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.141 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
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| 104 | i | 23 | Gregory, William (fl. 1520): for 1518 read 152 |
| | | 30 | for 1918 read 1819 |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Holt, Thomas

[Dict. of Architecture; Redgrave’s Dict. of Artists; Oxf. Univ. Reg. (Oxf. Hist. Soc.); Sir J. Peshall and A. à Wood’s Antient and Present State of the City of Oxford, 1773.]
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Holroyd, George Sowley

​HOLROYD, Sir GEORGE SOWLEY (1758–1831), judge, of a Yorkshire family, eldest son of George Holroyd, by Eleanor, daughter of Henry Sowley of Appleby, Westmoreland, was born at York on 31 Oct. 1758. He was placed at Harrow under Dr. Sumner in 1770, but owing to his father's heavy pecuniary losses was unable to proceed to a university. In April 1774 he was articled to a London attorney named Borthwick, and then, deciding to go to the bar, he entered in 1777 at Gray's Inn, read in the chambers of Sir Alan Chambre [q. v.], and in April 1779 began practice as a special pleader. He was at this time the associate of Romilly, Christian, and Baynes, and joined them in founding a legal debating society. He was called to the bar 26 June 1787, and joining the northern circuit obtained a good practice both at assizes and at Westminster. Declining to take silk, he continued to practise with great success as a junior. In 1811 he highly distinguished himself in the case of Burdett v. Abbott, speaker of the House of Commons, in which he appeared for the plaintiff (reported East, Reports, xiv. 1). In 1815 he was sent as commissioner to Guernsey to inquire into certain grievances there complained of. On 14 Feb. 1816 he succeeded Sir Henry Dampier as a judge of the king's bench, and obtained a high judicial reputation in that court for learning and courtesy (Campbell, Chief Justices, iii. 155); but on 17 Nov. 1828 ill-health compelled him to retire, and he died at his house at Hare Hatch, Berkshire, 21 Nov. 1831. There is a monument to him in Wargrave Church, with an inscription by Lord Brougham. In 1787 he married Sarah, daughter of Amos Chaplin of Brydges Street, Covent Garden; of his fourteen children by her, six survived him.
[Foss's Lives of the Judges; Gent. Mag. 1831.]
J. A. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Holt, John (d.1418)

​HOLT, JOHN (d. 1418), judge, was a native and landowner of Northamptonshire, and his name occurs in the year-books from the fortieth year of Edward III onwards. In the last year of that reign he became a king's serjeant. He was appointed a judge of the common pleas in 1383 (Cal. Rot. Parl. p. 208), and at Christmas 1384 he was made a knight-banneret (Dugdale, Orig. Jur. pp.46, 103). On 25 Aug. 1387 he was summoned to attend the king at Nottingham and concurred with his colleagues in pronouncing illegal the proceedings of the last parliament, which had appointed a permanent council. For this expression of opinion he was on 3 Feb. 1388 arrested while sitting in court, and on 2 March was put on his trial. He pleaded that he had been compelled to give that opinion by the threats of the Archbishop of York and of the Earl of Suffolk, but he was found guilty by parliament. Upon the intercession of the prelates his life was spared, and his sentence commuted to banishment for life to Ireland, an allowance of forty marks being made him for his residence at Drogheda. In 1391 his manors were granted to his son John, but in January 1397 parliament remitted his banishment, and in the following year his sentence was reversed and his lands were restored. The deposition of Richard II prevented him from recovering the lands. In the second year of the following reign he presented a petition for their restoration, which was granted, but many of them having been granted away in the interim he was compelled to allow the grantees such compensation as the council should think reasonable, and on these terms his lands were restored to him, and passed to his son Hugh on his death in 1418.
[Foss's Lives of the Judges; Cal. Rot. Parl. iii. 233-44, 346-461; Abbr. Rot. Orig. ii. 240; Rot. Pat. p.221; Cal. Inq. p.m. iv. 37, 52.]
J. A. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Holt, Francis Ludlow

​HOLT, FRANCIS LUDLOW (1780–1844), legal and dramatic author, born in 1780, was son of the Rev. Ludlow Holt, LL.D., of Watford, Hertfordshire, author of some sermons published in 1780-1. He was elected a king’s scholar of Westminster School in 1794, and matriculated in at Christ Church, Oxford, in 1798. He was called to the bar at the Middle Temple 27 Jan. 1809, and went on the northern circuit. He became a king’s counsel and bencher of the Inner Temple in 1831, and treasurer of that inn in 1840. He was an exchequer bill loan commissioner, and was vice-chancellor of the county palatine of Lancaster from 1826 till his death on 29 Sept. 1844 at Earl’s Terrace, Kensington. He married a niece of John Bell, proprietor of ‘Bell’s Weekly Messenger,’ of which he was for many years the principal editor.
Holt wrote:
* ‘The Law and Usage of Parliament in Cases of Privilege and Contempt,’ 1810.
* ‘The Law of Libel,’ 1812, 1816; reviewed by Lord Brougham in ‘Edinburgh Review,’ September 1816; American edition 1818.
* ‘Reports of Cases ruled and determined at Nisi Prius, in the Court of Common Pleas, and on the Northern Circuit, from the Sittings after Trinity Term, 55 Geo. III, 1815, to the Sittings after Michaelmas Term, 58 Geo.III, 1817, both inclusive,’ vol. i (the only one published), 1818.
* ‘A System of the Shipping and Navigation Laws of Great Britain, and of the Laws relating to Merchant Ships and Seamen and Maritime Contracts,’ 1st edition, 1820; 2nd edition, 1824.
* ‘The Bankrupt Laws, as established by the New Act, 6 Geo. IV, c.16,’ 1827.
He wrote also one or two dramatic pieces, and published in 1804 a comedy, ‘The Land we live in,’ which was successful as a literary work (it reached a third edition in 1805), though, according to Genest (Hist. of the Stage, vii. 644), unsuitable to the stage, the author having sacrificed plot to dialogue; it was acted at Drury Lane on one night in 1805 (Baker, Biog. Dram. ii. 363).
[Alumni Westmon. pp.440, 449, 450; Alumni Oxon. p. 682; Gent. Mag. 1844, ii. 650; Ann. Reg. 1844, p.272; Brit. Mus. Cat.]
J. W-s.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Holst, Theodore Von

HOLST, THEODORE Von (1810-1844), painter. [See Von Holst.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Holt, John (1743-1801)

​HOLT, JOHN (1743–1801), author, was born at Hattersley, near Mottram-in-Longdendale, Cheshire, in 1743. About 1757 he settled at Walton-on-the-Hill, near Liverpool, where for many years he acted as parish clerk, highway surveyor, and master of the free grammar school, besides at one time keeping a ladies’ school. He published in 1786-8 ‘Characters of Kings and Queens of England,’ 3 vols. A few years later, at the invitation of the board of agriculture, he made the agricultural survey of Lancashire, and published in 1794 his results in a ‘General View of the Agriculture of the County of Lancaster, with Observations on the Means of its Improvement.’ It was reprinted with additions in 1795. A paper ‘On the Curle in Potatoes’ procured him the medal of the Society of Arts. He compiled a few books for the use of schools, wrote one or two novels, and collected materials for a history of Liverpool, which he bequeathed to Matthew Gregson [q. v.] He contributed many papers to the ‘Gentleman’s Magazine,’ and for a long period communicated the monthly ‘Meteorological Diary’ to that periodical. He married, in 1767, Elizabeth France of Walton, but had no issue. He died at Walton on ​21 March 1801. There is an interesting etched portrait of Holt by his pupil, W. Rogers, of which there are small reproductions in the ‘Gentleman’s Magazine’ and the ‘Transactions of the Historic Society.’
[Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire, vi. 57; Gent. Mag. 1801, i. 285, 370, ii. 793; Smither’s Liverpool, 1825, p. 424.]
C. W. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Harvey, William (d.1567)

​HARVEY or HERVEY, WILLIAM (d. 1567), Clarenceux king-of-arms, first became a member of the College of Arms as Hampnes pursuivant-extraordinary, and was appointed Bluemantle pursuivant-in-ordinary 18 June 1536. In the latter capacity he accompanied his patron, William (afterwards Lord) Paget, on his embassy to France. Subsequently he was created Somerset herald, and while holding that office attended the funeral of Catherine, the queen-dowager of Henry VIII, being the only officer of arms who is mentioned in the descriptions of the ceremony. He was sent on official business to the king of Denmark, to the Emperor Charles V, and, with Dr. Wotton, to the Duke of Saxony. By patent, dated 4 Feb. 1549–50, Edward VI created him Norroy king-of-arms. In that capacity he paid seven official visits to Germany. Queen Mary deputed him to go to France to declare war (7 June 1557), Garter and Norroy kings-of-arms proclaiming the war in London. He was created Clarenceux king-of-arms 21 Nov. 1557. He injured his reputation by a disgraceful quarrel at Turvey, Bedfordshire, while at the funeral of Lord Mordaunt, and the earl marshal temporarily prohibited him from visiting his province. Harvey died at Thame, Oxfordshire, on 27 Feb. 1566–7. His portrait has been engraved by C. Hall. There are also engraved portraits of him, from illuminated grants of arms, in Dallaway's ‘Science of Heraldry’ (plate 12), and in Daniell's Supplement to Thane's ‘British Autography,’ 1854.
He collected notes on the churches in the diocese of Norwich. These came into the hands of Sir William Le Neve, who placed them at the disposal of Weever, author of ​the ‘Funerall Monuments.’ Of the numerous heraldic visitations made by Harvey the following have been printed: 1. ‘Essex’ (1558), Harl. Soc. vol. xiii., London (1878), edited by Walter C. Metcalfe, F.S.A. 2. ‘Suffolk’ (1561), edited by Joseph Jackson Howard, LL.D., F.S.A., 2 vols., Lowestoft, 1866, 8vo; and again by Walter C. Metcalfe, Exeter, 1882, 4to. 3. ‘Norfolk’ (1563), edited by the Rev. G. H. Dashwood, F.S.A., for the Norfolk and Norwich Archæological Society, Norwich, 1878, 8vo. 4. ‘Dorsetshire’ (1565), edited by Walter C. Metcalfe from the Harleian MSS. 888 and 1092, and printed at Exeter (one hundred copies only) in 1887. 5. ‘Oxfordshire’ (1566), Harl. Soc. vol. v., London, 1871, 8vo, edited by W. H. Turner. 6. ‘Bedfordshire’ (1566), edited by Frederic Augustus Blaydes, Harl. Soc. vol. xix., London, 1884, 8vo.
[Athenæum, 4 June 1887, p. 739; Bromley's Cat. of Engraved Portraits, p. 29; Dallaway's Science of Heraldry, plate 11; Evans's Cat. of Engraved Portraits, No. 17122; Gough's British Topography, i. 157, 161, 183, 348, ii. 1, 40, 188, 243, 317, 405; Granger's Biog. Hist. of England, 5th edit. i. 302; Herald and Genealogist, i. 39, 80, 82, 116, 117, 119, 122, ii. 203, 283, 490, 491, 520; Noble's College of Arms, pp. 129, 143, 144, 153, 168; Rymer's Fœdera (Hague edit.), vol. vi. pt. iii. pp. 172, 179, 181, pt. iv. 39, 60; Cal. of State Papers, Dom. 1547–80, pp. 131, 143, 249.]
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Harwood, Busick

​HARWOOD, Sir BUSICK (1745?–1814), professor of anatomy at Cambridge, second son of John Harwood of Newmarket, was born there about 1745. After apprenticeship to an apothecary, he qualified as a surgeon, and obtained an Indian appointment. In India he received considerable sums for medical attendance on native princes, but his health suffering he returned to England and entered at Christ's College, Cambridge, where he graduated M.B. in 1785 and M.D. in 1790, having been elected F.S.A. in 1783 and F.R.S. in 1784. For his M.B. degree he read a thesis on the transfusion of blood, in which he gave an account of numerous experiments he had made on transfusion from sheep to dogs which had lost a considerable quantity of blood. In one case a pointer was bled nearly to death, and blood being then transfused from a sheep, the dog leaped from the table, walked home, and experienced no subsequent inconvenience. This experiment was performed before a crowded meeting at the anatomical schools ​in the old Botanic Garden at Cambridge, and was said to have been often repeated with success at Harwood's lectures. An account of these experiments is given in a note in Hutton, Shaw, and Pearson's ‘Abridgment of the Philosophical Transactions,’ 1809, i. 185, 186. Harwood was dissatisfied with the reasons for the discontinuance of transfusion in cases of loss of blood in his time. He intended to experiment as to the communication of diseases and of medicines by transfusion, but appears to have published nothing on the subject. In 1785, on the death of Charles Collignon [q. v.], he was elected professor of anatomy at Cambridge. In 1800 he was appointed Downing professor of medicine, retaining his anatomical chair. In 1806 he was knighted. He died at Downing College on 10 Nov. 1814. He married in 1798 the only daughter of the Rev. Sir John Peshall, bart., of Horsley, but left no children.
Henry Gunning gives an unfavourable account of Harwood, who was a popular bon-vivant, witty, but very licentious in conversation. During his morning walk he would in term time always pick up several guests for his two-o'clock dinner, at which it was no unusual thing for him to carve the turbot his demonstrator had dissected for lecture the day before; his guests almost always went to his lecture with him at four. He had covered his walls with small water-colour portraits, six or eight in a frame, done by one Harding, to whom he asked all his university acquaintances to sit. A quarrel arose between Harwood and W. L. Mansel [q. v.] about these portraits, which led Harwood to send a challenge to Sir Isaac Pennington, the regius professor of physic, which the latter refused to notice; but the messenger, an undergraduate, published the affair in the London papers. Harwood published the first volume of a ‘System of Comparative Anatomy and Physiology,’ Cambridge, 1796, pp. 72, 4to, with fifteen plates, and some synopses of his courses of lectures.
[Gent. Mag. 1814, lxxxiv. pt. ii. p. 805; Gunning's Reminiscences, i. 50–6, ii. 95–9; Notes and Queries, 5th ser. iii. 116.]
G. T. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Harvey, William Wigan

​HARVEY, WILLIAM WIGAN (1810–1883), divine, born at Great Stanmore, Middlesex, in 1810, was second son of George Daniel Harvey, barrister-at-law, and a commissioner of bankruptcy. He was educated at Eton as a king's scholar, and in 1828 matriculated at King's College, Cambridge, graduating B.A. in 1832, M.A. 1836, and B.D. 1855. He was elected fellow of King's 1831; was Tyrwhitt Hebrew scholar 1833, and divinity lecturer at King's College from 1836 to 1844, and again from 1862 to 1863. Harvey was ordained deacon 1833, and priest 1834, and was appointed to the college rectory of Buckland in Hertfordshire in 1844. He was also a J.P. for Hertfordshire, and F.S.A.
In 1872 Harvey came prominently into public notice. In December 1871 he was appointed by the prime minister, Mr. Gladstone, to the rectory of Ewelme, near Oxford, to which the crown had the right of presentation. The living had been joined previously to the regius professorship of divinity at Oxford, and an act of parliament had been passed in 1871 separating the two offices. In this act there was a special provision that future rectors of Ewelme were to be members of the Oxford house of convocation. Harvey was a Cambridge man, and to qualify himself for the preferment he was incorporated at Oriel College, Oxford, and was admitted M.A. by incorporation, 10 Oct. 1871. When parliament met Mr. (now Sir) J. R. Mowbray, M.P. for Oxford University, brought the matter before the house. After some ​preliminary questions a long debate took place, 8 March 1872. It was argued that Harvey was ineligible for the living, as sufficient time had not elapsed for him to become a member of convocation before his institution. No charge was alleged against Harvey's personal fitness for the office. But Mr. Gladstone was accused of evading the obvious meaning of the act. In reply, Mr. Gladstone vindicated the appointment on the grounds of Harvey's personal merits, and that the letter of the statute had been complied with. The subject was closed by a statement from Mr. Gladstone on 14th March, that Harvey had been appointed to Ewelme only after ‘two distinguished Oxford gentlemen’ had declined offers of the living. The remainder of Harvey's life was passed at Ewelme, and he died there in 1883.
Harvey was a voluminous writer, but the larger number of his productions consists of single sermons, pamphlets, reviews, and articles in theological dictionaries. His principal works are: 1. ‘Ecclesiæ Anglicanæ Vindex Catholicus,’ 1842. 2. ‘History and Theology of the Three Creeds,’ 1854. 3. ‘S. Irenæi quæ supersunt Opera,’ 1857.
[Hansard's Parliamentary Debates, 3rd ser. ccix.; Annual Register, 1872; private information.]
E. H. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Harward, Simon

​HARWARD, SIMON (fl. 1572–1614), divine and author, matriculated as pensioner of Christ's College, Cambridge, December 1572, and graduated B.A. in 1574–5, was incorporated B.A. of Oxford 9 July 1577, and proceeded M.A. 5 May 1578 (Oxf. Univ. Reg. vol. ii. pt. i. p. 304; Oxf. Hist. Soc.). In 1577 he was chaplain of New College, Oxford, and on 26 Nov. 1579 was presented to the rectory of Warrington, Lancashire, which he resigned before 24 July 1581, when his successor was appointed. Subsequently, having what Wood calls ‘a rambling head,’ he was ‘preacher’ at Crowhurst, Banstead, and Tandridge in Surrey, and probably at Bletchingley in Surrey and Odiham in Hampshire. He was instituted vicar of Banstead on 1 Dec. 1604. At one or more of these places he kept a school and practised medicine. He married, at Manchester on 25 Sept. 1582, Mary, daughter of Robert Langley, sometime boroughreeve of Manchester. The date of his death is unknown.
He wrote: 1. ‘Two Godlie and Learned Sermons, preached at Manchester,’ 1582, 12mo; one of these sermons was also published separately (see Axon, Lancashire Gleanings, p. 219). 2. ‘The Summum Bonum, or Chief Happiness of a Faithful Christian, a Sermon preached at Crowhurst,’ 1592, 8vo. 3. ‘The Solace for the Souldier and Saylour: contayning a Discourse and Apologie out of the Heavenly Word,’ 1592, 4to. 4. ‘Encheiridion Morale: in quo Virtutes quatuor (ut vocant) cardinales … describuntur,’ 1597 8vo; dated from Tandridge. 5. ‘Three Sermons [at Tandridge and Crowhurst] upon some portions of the former Lessons appointed for certain Sabbaths,’ 1599, 12mo. 6. ‘Phlebotomy, or a Treatise of Letting of Blood,’ 1601, 8vo. 7. ‘A Discourse of Several kinds and causes of Lightnings, which written by occasion of a Fearfull Lightning which on the 17th. … November 1606 did … burne up the Spire-steeple of Bletchingley,’ 1607, 4to. 8. ‘A discourse concerning the Soul and Spirit of Man,’ 1614. 9. ‘A Treatise on Propagating Plants,’ 1623, 4to; also printed at the end of W. Lawson's ‘New Orchard and Garden,’ 1626 and 1631, and in G. Markham's ‘A Way to Get Wealth,’ 1638, 1648, 1657. Among the Rawlinson MSS. in the Bodleian Library is an unpublished treatise by Harward entitled ‘Apologia in defensionem Martis Angli contra Calumnias Mercurii Gallo-Belgici.’
[Wood's Athenæ Oxon. (Bliss), ii. 29; Wood's Fasti, i. 207; Cooper's Athenæ Cantabr. ii. 478; Beamont's Warrington Church Notes, 1878, p. 62; Descript. of County of Lancaster, 1590, ed. by Raines (Chet. Soc. vol. xcvi.), p. 22; Brit. Mus. Cat. of Early English Books, i. 419, ii. 779, 936; Earwaker's Manchester Court-leet Records, ii. 221; Manning and Bray's Surrey, ii. 596. Some extracts from his works are given in Haweis's Sketches of the Reformation, 1844.]
C. W. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Harvey, William (1796-1866)

​HARVEY, WILLIAM (1796–1866), wood engraver and designer, was born at Newcastle-upon-Tyne on 13 July 1796, his father being keeper of the baths at the Westgate. At fourteen years of age he was apprenticed to Thomas Bewick [q. v.], with whom he became a great favourite. He worked with Temple, another pupil, upon Bewick's ‘Fables of Æsop,’ 1818, transferring to the block many of the designs of a third pupil, Robert Johnson. He removed to London in September 1817, studying drawing under Haydon, and anatomy under Sir Charles Bell. Lance, Eastlake, and Landseer were his fellow-pupils with Haydon, for whom he engraved on wood, in imitation of copper-plate, the large block of the ‘Assassination of Dentatus.’ This, at the time of its production, was probably the most ambitious block which had been cut in England. After the death in 1822 of John Thurston, the chief designer on wood in London, Harvey abandoned engraving for design, becoming speedily as popular as he was facile, although he grew with time unpleasantly mannered. One of his earliest works was his illustrations to Henderson's ‘History of Ancient and Modern Wines,’ 1824. Among his other efforts may be mentioned ‘The Tower Menagerie,’ 1828; ‘Zoological Gardens,’ 1830–1; ‘Children in the Wood,’ 1831; ‘Blind Beggar of Bethnal Green,’ 1832; ‘Story without an End,’ ‘Pictorial Prayer Book,’ ‘Bible,’ ‘Pilgrim's Progress,’ ‘Shakespeare,’ and many other of the innumerable issues of Charles Knight's untiring press. ‘The history of wood engraving,’ says a writer in the ‘Art Union’ for 1839, ‘for some years past, is almost a record of the works of his [Harvey's] pencil.’ His masterpieces are his illustrations to ‘Northcote's Fables,’ 1828–33, and to Lane's ‘Thousand and One Nights,’ 1838–40, in the latter of which he worked under the eye of the translator himself (who assisted him with indications of costume and accessories), and his somewhat florid style was not unsuited to ​oriental subjects. He died at Prospect Lodge, Richmond, in which place he had long resided, on 13 Jan. 1866; he was an amiable, unpretending man, and the last survivor of Bewick's pupils.
[Thomas Bewick and his Pupils, by the present writer, 1884; Robinson's Thomas Bewick, 1887; Chatto's Treatise on Wood Engraving, 1839; Redgrave's Dict. of Artists.]
A. D.