OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Fairfax, Henry (1634-1702)

​FAIRFAX, HENRY (1634–1702), dean of Norwich, was a twin son (with John) of Charles Fairfax [q. v.], antiquary and genealogist. Thomas, first lord Fairfax [q. v.], was his grandfather. He was educated at Magdalen College, Oxford, where he graduated B.D. 26 April 1660, and D.D. 10 March 1680. He was elected a fellow in 1659, and was senior fellow in 1687, when James II endeavoured to force on the college a president of his own choosing. Fairfax signed the petition to the king (9 April 1687) begging him to cancel his decree ordering the fellows to elect Anthony Farmer [q. v.] When that appeal failed he voted for a second petition to the same effect (15 April), and on 17 April took a prominent part in electing John Hough to the presidentship. With his colleagues he wrote to the Duke of Ormonde (19 April), entreating his intervention with James II. On 6 June he was summoned before the court of high commission at Whitehall. On 13 June he was brought before Jeffreys, president of the court, protested loudly against the proceedings, denied their legality, and declined to sign any answer to the charges brought against him. Jeffreys abused him roundly, and told him he was fit for a madhouse. On 22 June 1687 the high court commissioners suspended Fairfax from his fellowship; but he disputed the validity of the act, and still resided in the college. When the royal commissioners first visited Magdalen on 20 Oct. Fairfax absented himself, although he was in Oxford, whereupon he was pronounced contumacious (31 Oct.) He appeared before ​the commissioners next day, and boldly denied the right of the king's new nominee, Samuel Parker, bishop of Oxford, to act as president. He would appeal, he said, to the court of king's bench, and with another fellow, Thomas Stafford, signed a plainly worded protest against the proceedings of the Oxford visitors. On being warned of the dangers that awaited him if he persisted in his conduct he withdrew the document, but he was finally expelled the college and his name struck off the books (25 Oct.) On 11 Nov. his fellowship was filled up. On 22 Dec. he was included in the decree which disqualified all the expelled fellows of Magdalen from holding any ecclesiastical benefice. After the abdication of James II Fairfax was restored to his fellowship (26 Oct. 1689). A year later (23 Oct. 1689) he was rewarded for his independence with the deanery of Norwich, and he died there on 2 May 1702, aged 68, being buried in the cathedral.
He is one of the persons credited with the authorship of 'An Impartial Relation of the whole proceedings against St. Mary Magdalen Colledge in Oxon.... in 1687, 1688, although it is usually claimed for Charles Aldworth, vice-president of the college.
S. L. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Fairfax, John (1804-1877)

​FAIRFAX, JOHN (1804–1877), journalist and member of the legislative council, New South Wales, was born at Warwick, England, in 1804. After a short time spent at school he was, at the age of twelve, apprenticed to a printer in his native town. Having served his time he went to London and worked for some years on the ‘Morning Chronicle’ newspaper. His next step was to set up as printer and bookseller in Leamington, near his home and friends. He also started a newspaper, and, having married, settled down as a leading member of the congregational body in that town. Business prospered for a while, but his newspaper brought him into trouble, for, in consequence of some strictures on a public officer, he was prosecuted for libel, and, though the decision was in his favour, the costs were more than he could then pay. He emigrated with his young family, and on 26 Sept. 1838 he accepted the office of librarian to the Australian Subscription Library in Sydney. Ere long he was engaged by Mr. Stokes, the proprietor of the ‘Sydney Morning Herald,’ then a bi-weekly paper, to assist in the work of editing and publishing. In 1841, in conjunction with Mr. Charles Kemp, and aided by many friends whose confidence he had gained, he took the bold step of buying the ‘Herald’ of Mr. Stokes. Converted into a daily morning paper, the ‘Herald’ soon became and still remains the leading journal of Eastern Australia. In 1851 Fairfax visited England, where his first care was to pay off all debts that he had left unpaid in Leamington thirteen years before. Returning to Sydney in 1853 with large additions to his knowledge of printing processes and newspaper work, he bought out his friend and partner, Mr. C. Welch, and became sole proprietor of the ‘Sydney Herald.’ He afterwards made his sons his partners. A second visit to England (in 1863) enabled him still further to develope his now large establishment in Sydney.
He took an active part in the various enterprises of his time, both benevolent and practical, had a large share in the establishment and management of the Australian Mutual Provident Society, and remained always a most useful member of the congregational body. Only once he presented himself as a candidate for the legislative assembly, when he was defeated. In 1870 he became a member of the council of education, and in 1874 he was appointed a member of the legislative council. This honour he enjoyed for only three years, dying at his ​residence, Ginahgulla, near Rose Bay, Port Jackson, on 16 June 1877, aged 73. He published in pamphlet form the substance of a lecture, delivered in the music hall, Leamington, on ‘The Colonies of Australia, their Formation, Progress, and Present State; the Discovery of the Gold Fields,’ &c., 2nd edit. 8vo, Lond. [1852].
R. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Elliston, Henry Twiselton

​ELLISTON, HENRY TWISELTON (1801?–1864), musical composer and inventor, born in or about 1801, was the second son of Robert William Elliston [q. v.], and resided during most of his life at Leamington, where his father had formerly leased the theatre. Having decided on adopting music as his profession, he received a careful training, and became a sound theoretical musician, and an able performer on the organ and several other instruments. On his father presenting an organ to the parish church of Leamington, Elliston was elected organist, and held the post till his death. In the subsequent enlargement of the organ he exhibited considerable mechanical ingenuity, and invented a transposing piano on a new and simple plan. He was an early member of the choral society of Leamington, and whilst he was associated with it the society produced the 'Messiah' and other great works during a three days' musical festival. Elliston himself built the music hall in Bath Street, With his brother William, who emigrated to Australia, be established the County Library. During the time that he and his brother were in partnership they gave concerts on an extensive scale. Subsequently Elliston was leasee of the royal assembly rooms. Beyond some admired church services he composed little. In September 1683 he was appointed librarian of the free public library at Leamington. He died at Leamington 19 April 1864, aged 63, and was buried in the cemetery.
[Gent. Mag. 3rd ser. xvi. 807–8.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Ellis, William (1747-1810)

​ELLIS, WILLIAM (1747–1810), engraver, born in London in 1747, was the son of a writing engraver, and was placed as a pupil with W. Woollett [q. v.] He produced some fine plates in the style of that celebrated engraver, some being executed in conjunction with him, vis. the two portraits of Rubens and his wife, published in 1774; 'A River Scene with a Windmill,' after S. Ruysdael), published in 1777; 'Solitude,' after R. Wilson, R.A., published in 1778; and two scenes from the 'Vicar of Wakefield,' after T. Hearne, published in 1780, and exhibited at the Society of Artists in that year, Ellis engraved several topographical views after Paul Sandby and T. Hearne, a set of 'The Seasons,' after Hearne, and some plates for the 'Ladies' Magazine.' In 1800 he aquatinted a set of engravings of 'Views of the Memorable Victory of the Nile,' engraved by F. Chesham from paintings by W. Anderson. Some of his engravings, e.g. a landscape, 'Peasants Dancing,' after Berchem, are signed 'William and Elizabeth Ellis,' and a plate of 'The Solitary Traveller,' after J. Pye, is stated to be etched by Elizabeth Ellis alone. She was no doubt his wife, and assisted him in his art. Ellis died in 1810, as is shown from the inscription on a plate representing 'A South View of the City of Exeter, from a Drawing taken at Shooting Marsh by the late Mr, William Ellis,' published 24 Nov. 1810, in aid of his five orphan children. In 1814 there was published a set of 'Twenty-nine Views illustrative of the Rev. Daniel Lysons's Environs of London, drawn and engraved by William Ellis.'
[Redgrave's Dict. of Artists; La Blanc's Manuel da l'Amateur d'Estampes; Fagan's Catalogue Raisonné of the engraved works of William Woollett; Lowndes's Bibl. Man.]
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Ellis, William (d.1732)

​ELLIS, Sir WILLIAM (d. 1732), secretary of State, second son of John Ellis (1606?-1681) [q. v.], was educated on the foundation of Westminster, whence he was elected to a studentship at Christ Church, Oxford, in 1665, and proceeded B.A. 19 June 1669. He lost his studentship for accepting the degree of M.A. 'per literas regias' at Cambridge in 1671, without having first obtained his grace in his own college; and, despite the intercession of the Prince of Orange, in whose train he had visited Cambridge, was never restored. In 1676 he was appointed, along with his brother, Welbore Ellis, customer, comptroller and searcher for the provinces of Leinster and Munster (Addit. MS. 21135, f. 53), and while holding this lucrative sinecure acquired considerable property in Ireland (ib. 28930, 28938, 28940, 28941, 28946). He acted as secretary to Richard, earl of Tyrconnel, on the latter's appointment to the lord-lieutenancy of Ireland in 1686, and was knighted. At the revolution he elected to follow the fortunes of the house of Stuart. Accompanying James to Ireland he was placed on his privy council and appointed one of the assessors of Dublin in April 1690 (D'Alton, King James's Irish Army List, 2nd ed. i. 33, ii. 692, where he is confounded with Sir William Ellis, 'solicitor-general for Ireland In 1657 and one of the baronets created by Cromwell'). He was attainted in 1691, and his older brother, John [q. v.]]], to whom he owed money, gained possession of his Irish property. He afterwards became secretary to James in his exile at St. Germain, and on his death in 1701 acted as treasurer to his son, the Old Pretender. Ellis died a protestant at Rome in the autumn of 1732, aged between 65 and 90 (Gent. Mag. ii. 930). His letters to his brother John and others (1674-1689) are in the British Museum, Addit. MSS, 28875-6: those to Cardinal Gualtorio (1719-27) will be found in Addit. MSS. 20310, 31267.
Ellis Correspondence ed. Hon. G. J. W Agar Ellis. 1829; Welch's Alumni Westmon. 1852. p. 161; Wood's Athenæ Oxon. ed. Bliss iii. 711; Gent. Mag. xxxix; 328; Oxford Graduates, 1851, p. 212; Cambridge Graduates, 1787. p. 130.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Volume 3x
## Xa

* Xanthe
* Xanthicles
* Xanthippe 1.
* Xanthippe 2.
* Xanthippus 1.
* Xanthippus 2.
* Xanthippus 3.
* Xanthippus 4.
* Xanthippus 5.
* Xanthippus 6.
* Xanthus 1.
* Xanthus 2.
* Xanthus 3.
* Xanthus 4.
* Xanthus 5.
* Xanthus 6.
* Xanthus 7.

## Xe

* Xenaeus
* Xenagoras
* Xenarchus 1.
* Xenarchus 2.
* Xenarchus 3.
* Xenarchus 4.
* Xenares
* Xenia
* Xeniades 1.
* Xeniades 2.
* Xenias
* Xenion
* Xenocleia
* Xenocleides 1.
* Xenocleides 2.
* Xenocles 1.
* Xenocles 2.
* Xenocles 3.
* Xenocles 4.
* Xenocles 5.
* Xenocrates 1.
* Xenocrates 2.
* Xenocrates 3.
* Xenocrates 4.
* Xenocrates 5.
* Xenocrates 6.
* Xenocrates 7.
* Xenocrates 8.
* Xenocrates 9.
* Xenocrates 10.
* Xenocrates 11.
* Xenocrates 12.
* Xenocrates 13.
* Xenocritus 1.
* Xenocritus 2.
* Xenocritus 3.
* Xenocritus 4.
* Xenodamus
* Xenodice 1.
* Xenodice 2.
* Xenodice 3.
* Xenoetas
* Xenomedes
* Xenon 1.
* Xenon 2.
* Xenon 3.
* Xenon 4.
* Xenon 5.
* Xenon 6.
* Xenon 7.
* Xenon 8.
* Xenon 9.
* Xenophanes 1.
* Xenophanes 2.
* Xenophanes 3.
* Xenophantus 1.
* Xenophantus 2.
* Xenophantus 3.
* Xenophilus 1.
* Xenophilus 2.
* Xenophon 1.
* Xenophon 2.
* Xenophon 3.
* Xenophon 4.
* Xenophon 5.
* Xenophon 6.
* Xenophon 7.
* Xenophon 8.
* Xenophon 9.
* Xenophon 10.
* Xenophon 11.
* Xenophon 12.
* Xenophon 13.
* Xenophon 14.
* Xenophon 15.
* Xenophon 16.
* Xenophon 17.
* Xenophon 18.
* Xerxes I.
* Xerxes II.
* Xerxes 1.
* Xerxes 2.

## Xi

* Xiphares
* Xiphilinus, Georgius
* Xiphilinus, Joannes 1.
* Xiphilinus, Joannes 2.

## Xu

* Xuthus
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Volume 3q
## Qu

* Quadratilla, Ummidia
* Quadratus
* Quadratus, C. Antuis Aulus Julius
* Quadratus, Asinius 1.
* Quadratus, Asinius 2.
* Quadratus, Fannius
* Quadratus, L. Ninnius
* Quadratus, Numidius
* Quadratus, L. Statius
* Quadratus, Ummidius 1.
* Quadratus, Ummidius 2.
* Quadratus, Ummidius 3.
* Quadratus, Ummidius 4.
* Quadratus, Ummidius 5.
* Quadratus, Ummidius 6.
* Quadratus, C. Volusenus
* Quadrifrons
* Quadrigarius, Q. Claudius
* Quartinus
* Querquetulanae
* Quies
* Quietus, Avidius
* Quietus, Cluvidienus
* Quietus, C. Fulvius
* Quietus, Q. Lusius
* Quintia Gens
* Quintianus, Afranius
* Quintilia
* Quintilianus, M. Fabius
* Quintilianus, Nonius 1.
* Quintilianus, Nonius 2.
* Quintlius Condianus
* Qutntilius Maximus
* Quintilius
* Quintillus, M. Aurelius
* Quintillus, Plautius 1.
* Quintillus, Plautius 2.
* Quintius 1.
* Quintius 2.
* Quintius 3.
* Quintus 1.
* Quintus 2.
* Quintus Curtius
* Quintus Smyrnaeus
* Quirinalis, Clodius
* Quirinus
* Quirinus, P. Sulpicius 1.
* Quirinus, P. Sulpicius 2.
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Volume 3z
## Za

* Zacharias 1.
* Zacharias 2.
* Zacharias 3.
* Zacharias 4.
* Zacharias 5.
* Zacynthus
* Zagreus
* Zaleucus
* Zalmoxis
* Zanclus
* Zarbienus
* Zarex
* Zariadres
* Zarzas

## Ze

* Ze(Gabenus)
* Zegabenus, Georgius
* Zeilas
* Zelus
* Zenas
* Zeneus
* Zenicetus
* Zenis
* Zeno
* Zenobia 1.
* Zenobia 2.
* Zenobius 1.
* Zenobius 2.
* Zenobius 3.
* Zenodorus 1.
* Zenodorus 2.
* Zenodotus 1.
* Zenodotus 2.
* Zenodotus 3.
* Zenodotus 4.
* Zenodotus 5.
* Zenodotus 6.
* Zenodotus 7.
* Zenodotus 8.
* Zenon 1.
* Zenon 2.
* Zenon 3.
* Zenon 4.
* Zenon 5.
* Zenon 6.
* Zenon 7.
* Zenon 8.
* Zenon 9.
* Zenon 10.
* Zenon 11.
* Zenon 12.
* Zenon 13.
* Zenon 14.
* Zenon 15.
* Zenon 16.
* Zenon 17.
* Zenon 18.
* Zenon 19.
* Zenon 20.
* Zenon 21.
* Zenon 22.
* Zenon 23.
* Zenon 24.
* Zenon 25.
* Zenonia
* Zenophanes
* Zenothemis
* Zephyritis
* Zephyrus
* Zerynthia
* Zetes
* Zethus
* Zeus 1.
* Zeus 2.
* Zeus 3.
* Zeus 4.
* Zeus 5.
* Zeuxiades 1.
* Zeuxiades 2.
* Zeuxidamus 1.
* Zeuxidamus 2.
* Zeuxippe 1.
* Zeuxippe 2.
* Zeuxippus 1.
* Zeuxippus 2.
* Zeuxippus 3.
* Zeuxippus 4.
* Zeuxis 1.
* Zeuxis 2.
* Zeuxis 3.
* Zeuxis 4.
* Zeuxis 5.
* Zeuxis 6.
* Zeuxis 7.

## Zi

* Ziboetes 1.
* Ziboetes 2.
* Zigabenus, Euthymius

## Zm

* Zmilius

## Zo

* Zoe 1.
* Zoe 2.
* Zoe 3.
* Zoeteus
* Zoilus 1.
* Zoilus 2.
* Zoilus 3.
* Zoilus 4.
* Zoilus 5.
* Zoilus 6.
* Zoilus 7.
* Zoilus 8.
* Zoilus 9.
* Zoilus 10.
* Zonaras, Joannes
* Zonas
* Zopyrinus
* Zopyrion 1.
* Zopyrion 2.
* Zopyrus 1.
* Zopyrus 2.
* Zopyrus 3.
* Zopyrus 4.
* Zopyrus 5.
* Zopyrus 6.
* Zopyrus 7.
* Zopyrus 8.
* Zopyrus 9.
* Zopyrus 10.
* Zoroaster
* Zorzines
* Zosimus 1.
* Zosimus 2.
* Zosimus 3.
* Zosimus 4.
* Zosimus 5.
* Zosimus 6.
* Zosimus 7.
* Zosimus, M. Canuleius
* Zosteria
* Zoticus, Aurelius

## Zy

* Zygia
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Fowke, Phineas

​FOWKE, PHINEAS, M.D. (1638–1710), physician, son of Walter Fowke, M.D., was born at Bishop Burton, Yorkshire, and there baptised on 7 Jan. 1639. His mother was sister of Sir John Micklethwaite [q. v.], physician to Charles II and to St. Bartholomew's Hospital. He was admitted at Queens' College, Cambridge, 21 April 1654, and graduated B.A. 1658, and on 26 March in the same year was admitted a fellow of the college. His family connections directed him to the profession of medicine, and he graduated M.D. at Cambridge 1668. He prac​tised in London, residing in Little Britain, and was admitted a fellow of the College of Physicians 12 Nov. 1680. In 1684 he married Sarah, daughter of Sir Vincent Corbet, bart., at Shrewsbury. She died 6 Dec. 1686. He retired to his paternal estate in Shropshire, and there died at Little Worley Hall 21 Jan. 1710. He was buried in the neighbouring church of Brewood, and his death is recorded on his wife's monument in St. Chad's Church, Shrewsbury. He was learned in theology as well as in medicine, and was an admirer of Dr. Seth Ward, bishop of Sarum, whose views on passive obedience he warmly supported. In some manuscript notes on a sermon of Ward's, on the text ‘And they that resist shall receive to themselves damnation,’ Fowke expresses his contempt of the conduct of the university of Oxford in 1688, saying, ‘These great pretenders to loyalty invited ye Prince of Orange. They had no patience when King James bore upon their priviledges in Oxford, but exclamed bitterly against ye king and joyned with the wiggs and dissenters to bring in ye Prince of Orange.’ Among the Sloane manuscripts in the British Museum there is a private letter of Fowkes.
N. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Fowler, Abraham

​FOWLER, ABRAHAM (fl. 1577), poet, was a queen's scholar at Westminster, whence he was elected to Christ Church, Oxford, in 1568. His name does not appear on the university register. He contributed a poem in alternate rhymes to ‘A Philosophicall discussion entituled The Anatomie of the Minde newlie made and set forth by T[homas] R[ogers],’ London, 1576. Rogers [q. v.] was a student of Christ Church. Fowler's verse is followed by a poem by Camden.
S. L. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Fourdrinier, Peter

Paul Fourdrinier in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
​FOURDRINIER, PETER (fl. 1720–1750), engraver, a member of a French refugee family which fled from Caen to ​Holland, was a pupil of Bernard Picart at Amsterdam for six years, and came to England in 1720. He was employed in engraving portraits and book illustrations; among the former were the portraits of Cardinal Wolsey and Bishop Tonstall in Fiddes's ‘Life of Wolsey,’ John Radcliffe, M.D., after Kneller, William Pattison, poet, after J. Saunders, William Conolly, speaker of the House of Commons in Ireland, after Jervas, Jonathan Swift, after Jervas, Dr. John Freind, after M. Dahl, and Thomas Wright, after G. Allen. He was more frequently employed on architectural works, to which his mechanical style of engraving was well suited. He engraved plates for Cashel's ‘Villas of the Ancients,’ Ware's ‘Views and Elevations of Houghton House, Norfolk,’ Sir W. Chambers's ‘Civil Architecture,’ Wood's ‘Ruins of Palmyra,’ and others from the designs of Inigo Jones, W. Kent, and other architects. He also engraved ‘The Four Ages of Man,’ after Lancret, one of Lemprière's views of Belem, near Lisbon, before the earthquake, and the illustrations to Spenser's ‘Calendarium Pastorale’ (London, 1732, 8vo). He is perhaps identical with Pierre Fourdrinier, who married at Amsterdam in 1689 Marthe Theroude, and came to England. Other authorities mention a Paul Fourdrinier as engraver of some of the works mentioned, and he has been identified with Paul Fourdrinier who was of the parish of St. Martin's-in-the-Fields, and died in January or February 1758, leaving by his wife Susanna Grolleau a son Henry, whose daughter Jemima was the mother of Cardinal John Henry Newman. The engravings are in all cases signed ‘P. Fourdrinier,’ but the title-page of Chambers's ‘Civil Architecture’ says that the plates were engraved by ‘Old Rooker, Old Fourdrinier, and others,’ which points to there having probably been two engravers of the name.
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Fournier, Daniel

​FOURNIER, DANIEL (d. 1766?), engraver and draughtsman, was probably a member of a French refugee family, and originally educated as a chaser. He also practised the varying professions of ‘à-la-mode beef-seller, shoemaker, and engraver,’ according to the inscription on a small portrait of him etched by himself. He likewise dealt in butter and eggs, modelled in wax, and taught drawing. In 1761, at about the age of fifty, he wrote and published ‘A Treatise of the Theory and Practice of Perspective, wherein the Principles of that most Useful Art are Laid Down by Dr. Brook Taylor, are fully and clearly Explained by Means of Moveable Schemes properly Adapted for the Purpose,’ &c. It is said that at the time he was writing it he used to draw the diagrams on the alehouse tables with chalk, and was known by the name of the ‘Mad Geometer.’ He was a good etcher, and etched a survey of the Leeward Islands. He also engraved in mezzotint a portrait of Cuthbert Mayne, a priest executed for heresy in 1579. In addition to these accomplishments he is said to have made a fiddle, and taught himself to play upon it. He died in Wild Court, Wild Street, about 1766.
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Fowler, Henry

​FOWLER, HENRY (1779–1838), hymn-writer, was born at Yealmpton, Devonshire, 11 Dec. 1779. In early life he followed some trade, but occasionally preached in independent meeting-houses in Devonshire and at Bristol. At length, in October 1813, he ‘received a call’ to Birmingham, where he continued until the end of 1819. Ultimately he settled in London, becoming in July 1820 minister of Gower Street Chapel. He died 16 Dec. 1838, and was buried on Christmas-day morning at the New Bunhill Fields burying-ground at Islington. As ‘a close, searching preacher,’ Fowler had for some years an excellent congregation, and a tolerable one to the close of his life. ‘His discourses were delivered chiefly in short, pithy sentences.’ It has been said that his own frame of mind seemed, in general, rather gloomy; certainly his autobiography, which he called ‘Travels in the Wilderness,’ 8vo, London, 1839, is not cheerful reading. In addition to this and numerous religious tracts and biographies, he wrote ‘Original Hymns, Doctrinal, Practical, and Experimental, with prose reflections,’ 2 vols. 18mo, Birmingham, London, 1818–1824, and edited ‘A Selection of Hymns, by various authors,’ 18mo, London, 1836. His portrait has been engraved by R. Cooper.
G. G.