OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Packe, Christopher (fl.1796)

​PACKE or PACK, CHRISTOPHER (fl. 1796), painter, born at Norwich in 1750, was son of a quaker merchant belonging to a family which claimed connection with that of Sir Christopher Packe [q. v.], lord mayor of London. Pack showed an early taste for painting, but at first was engaged in his father's business. On that, however, being seriously injured by pecuniary losses, Pack adopted painting as a profession, and came to London. He made friends with John Hamilton Mortimer [q. v.], and also obtained an introduction to Sir Joshua Reynolds, making some good copies of the latter's portraits. In 1786 he exhibited a portrait of himself at the Royal Academy, and in 1787 two more portraits. He then returned to Norwich to practise as a portrait-painter, and shortly after went to Liverpool. Having a recommendation from Reynolds to the Duke of Rutland, then viceroy in Dublin, he resided there for some years, and obtained success as a portrait-painter. About 1796 he returned to London, and exhibited at the Royal Academy two portraits, together with ‘Gougebarra, the Source of the River Lee, Ireland,’ and ‘Edward the First, when Prince of Wales, escaping from Salisbury, is rescued by Mortimer.’ He continued to practise after this, but did not again exhibit. The date of his death has not been ascertained.
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Packe, Christopher (fl.1711)

Contains subarticle Edmund Packe (fl. 1735).
​PACKE, CHRISTOPHER (fl. 1711), chemist, set up his laboratory in 1670 at the sign of the ‘Globe and Chemical Furnaces’ in Little Moorfields, London, and styled himself a professor of chemical medicine. He practised as a quack under powerful patronage, including that of the Hon. Robert Boyle and Edmund Dickinson [q. v.], physician to the king, and in 1684 he circulated a list of his specifics.
In 1689 he brought out in goodly folio a translation of the ‘Works of the highly experienced and famous chymist, John Rudolph Glauber,’ accompanied by the original copperplates, which he had purchased at Amsterdam. This undertaking occupied him three years, and he secured a large number of subscribers.
His other publications were chiefly designed to promote the sale of his specifics, and are as follows: 1. ‘De Succo Pancreatico; or a Physical and Anatomical Treatise of the Nature and Office of the Pancreatick Juice,’ 12mo, London, 1674; a translation from the Latin of R. de Graaf. 2. Robert Couch's ‘Praxis Catholica; or the Countryman's Universal Remedy,’ with additions by himself, 12mo, London, 1680. 3. ‘One hundred and fifty three Chymical Aphorisms,’ 12mo, London, 1688, from the Latin of Eremita Suburbanus, with additions from that of Bernardus G. Penotus. 4. ‘Mineralogia; or an Account of the Preparation, manifold Vertues, and Uses of a Mineral Salt, both in Physick and Chyrurgery … to which is added a short Discourse of the Nature and Uses of the Sulphurs of Minerals and Metals incuring Diseases,’ 8vo, London, 1693. 5. ‘Medela Chymica; or an Account of the Vertues and Uses of a Select Number of Chymical Medicines … as also an Essay upon the Acetum Acerrimum Philosophorum, or Vinegar of Antimony,’ 8vo, London, 1708; at the end of which is a catalogue of his medicines, with their prices.
A son, Edmund Packe (fl. 1735), calling himself ‘M.D. and chemist,’ carried on the business at the ‘Golden Head’ in Southampton Street, Covent Garden. He published an edition of his father's ‘Mineralogia’ (undated) and ‘An Answer to Dr. Turner's Letter to Dr. Jurin on the subject of Mr. Ward's Drop and Pill, wherein his Ignorance of Chymical Pharmacy is fairly exposed,’ 8vo, London, 1735.
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1904 errata/Volume 10

Dictionary of National Biography
ERRATA IN VOLUME X
CHAMBER—CLARKSON
N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1904 errata/Volume 1

Dictionary of National Biography
ERRATA IN VOLUME I
ABBADIE—ANNE
N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1901 supplement/Wimperis, Edmund Morison

​WIMPERIS, EDMUND MORISON (1835–1900), water-colour painter, eldest son of Edmund Richard Wimperis, cashier of Messrs. Walker, Parker, & Co.'s lead works at Chester, and Marv Morison, was born at Flocker's Brook, Chester, on 6 Feb. 1835. He came early in life to London, and was trained as a wood-engraver and draughtsman on wood under Myles Birket Foster [q. v. Suppl.] He did much for the 'Illustrated London News' and other periodicals and books. He was an indifferent figure draughtsman, and confined himself to landscape when he adopted painting as his profession. He was a member of the Society of British Artists from 1870 to 1874. He began in 1866 to contribute to the Institute of Painters in Water-colours the pretty landscapes in the manner of Birket Foster or of David Cox in his tamer moods, by which he is chiefly known. They are neat and finished, but somewhat characterless and old-fashioned in technique. In later life he also painted in oils. Wimperis was elected an associate of the institute in 1873, a full member on 3 May 1875, and vice-president on 1 April 1895. He took an active part in the affairs of the institute, and in those of the Artists' Benevolent Fund.
He was married on 11 April 1863 to Anne Harry, daughter of Thomas Edmonds of Penzance, and left a family of two sons and two daughters at his death, which tool place at Southbourne, Christchurch, Hampshire, on 25 Dec. 1900.
[Times. 28 Dec. 1900; Athenæum, 5 Jan 1901; private information.]
C. D.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1901 supplement/Woodgate, Edward Robert Prevost

​WOODGATE, Sir EDWARD ROBERT PREVOST (1845–1900), major-general, born on 1 Nov. 1845, was the second son of Henry Arthur Woodgate (d. 24 April 1874), rector of Belbroughton in Worcestershire. He was educated at Radley and Sandhurst, and joined the 4th foot (now the Royal Lancashire regiment) on 7 April 1865. With it he served in the Abyssinian campaign of 1868; was present at the action of Arogee and the capture of Magdala, and received a medal. He obtained his lieutenancy on 7 July 1869. He was next employed on special service in the Ashanti war of 1873–4, and took part in the actions of Esaman, Ainsah, Abrakampa, and Jaysunah, the battle of Amoaful. and the capture of Kumasai. He was twice mentioned in the despatches and received a medal with a clasp. After passing through the staff college in 1877, he attained the rank of captain on 2 March 1878, and was selected for special employment in the South African war of 1879. He was twice mentioned in the despatches for his work as staff officer of the flying column in the Zulu campaign; was present at Kambula and Ulundi, and was rewarded with a brevet majority on 29 Nov. 1879, and a medal with a clasp.
From 1880 to 1885 Woodgate served as brigade major in the West Indies. In the autumn of 1885 he proceeded to India as a regimental officer, returning in December 1889. In 1893 he obtained the command of the first battalion of the Royal Lancashire regiment, and on 26 June attained the rank of lieutenant-colonel. On 24 May 1896 he was nominated C.B., and on 26 June 1897 he received his colonelcy, obtaining the charge of the fourth regimental district at Lancaster. In April 1858 he was sent to Sierra Leone to organise the new West African regiment. The new corps was almost immediately called to take the field against Bai Burch and other malcontents who had risen on account of the hut tax. Woodgate successfully conducted the operations against the rebels, but in 1899 he was invalided home, where he was placed in command of the seventeenth regimental district at Leicester.
Four months later, on 13 Nov. 1899, on the formation of the fifth division under Sir Charles Warren for service in Smith Africa, Woodgate was given command over the eleventh or Lannohire brigade with the local rank of major-general. Arriving at Durban in Natal in December 1899 be crossed the Tugela with Warren at Wagon Drift on 16-17 Jan. 1900. On the night of 23 Jan. he occupied the perilous eminence of Spion Spion Kop. On the following day he was dangerously wounded just before order for retreat from Spion Kop was given. On 23 March he died at Mooi River from the effects of his wounds. A few weeks before his death he was nominated K.C.M.G. in recognition of his services in Sierra Leone.
[Times, 26 March 1900; Who's Who; Hart's Army Lists; Conan Doyle's Great Boer War, 1900; Bennet Burleigh's War in Natal. 1900.]
E. I. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Sleath, John

​SLEATH, JOHN (1767–1847), high master of St. Paul's school, son of William and Millicent Sleath, was born probably at Osgathorpe, Leicestershire, where he was baptised on 19 June 1767 (Parish Register). He entered Rugby school in 1776, his parents being then described as of Leighton, near Kimbolton, Bedfordshire. In 1784 he went up as a Rugby exhibitioner to Lincoln College, Oxford, but in 1785 was elected to a scholarship at Wadham. He was Hody exhibitioner in 1786–7, and in 1787, before taking his degree, was appointed to an assistant-mastership at Rugby. Among his pupils there was Walter Savage Landor, who writes with affectionate remembrance of ‘the elegant and generous Doctor John Sleath at Rugby’ (Works, ed. 1876, iv. 400 n.). He graduated B.A. in 1789, M.A. in 1793, B.D. and D.D. in 1814. He was elected F.S.A. 9 March 1815, and F.R.S. 23 March 1820.
On 16 June 1814 Sleath was appointed high master of St. Paul's, and held the office till 10 Oct. 1837. The honours gained at the universities by his pupils from the school were remarkable. Dr. Jowett, master of Balliol College, Oxford, was one of his scholars, and he could claim nine fellows of Trinity College, Cambridge.
Sleath was made prebendary of Rugmere in St. Paul's Cathedral, 5 July 1822; chaplain in ordinary to the king in 1825; subdean of the Chapel Royal, St. James's, 28 June 1833; rector of Thornby, Northamptonshire, in 1841. He died 30 April 1847, and was buried in the crypt of St. Paul's. He was married, but left no family. A marble bust of him, by W. Behnes, was executed in 1841. His elder brother, W. Boultby Sleath, was headmaster of Repton school from 1800 to 1832.
J. H. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Sleigh, William Campbell

​SLEIGH, WILLIAM CAMPBELL (1818–1887), serjeant-at-law, eldest son of William Willcocks Sleigh, M.D., of Bull House, Buckinghamshire, and subsequently of Dublin, was born in Dublin in 1818. He matriculated from St. Mary Hall, Oxford, on 9 Feb. 1843, but took no degree. He was entered as a student of the Middle Temple on 18 Jan. 1843, and on 30 Jan. 1846 he was called to the bar. He went the home circuit, attended the central criminal court, and the London, Middlesex, and Kent sessions. On 2 Nov. 1868 he was created a serjeant-at-law, being the last person not a judge received into Serjeants' Inn. Like his fellow-serjeants Parry, Ballantine, and Huddleston (afterwards Baron Huddleston), he enjoyed a lucrative practice at the Old Bailey, and took part in many leading criminal trials, being a most effective cross-examiner. In 1871 he accepted the first brief for the claimant Arthur Orton, alias Roger Tichborne, in his civil action. He was long retained as leading counsel to the Bank of England, Hardinge Giffard (now Lord Halsbury) being his junior. As a conservative he unsuccessfully contested Lambeth 5 May 1862, Huddersfield 20 March 1868, Frome 17 Nov. 1868, and Newark 1 April 1870. In 1877 he emigrated to Australia, and on 21 March of that year was called to the bar of Victoria; but his claim to precedence as a serjeant-at-law was not allowed. He continued to practise in Melbourne until 1886, when he returned to England. He died at Ventnor, Isle of Wight, on 23 Jan. 1887.
Among his publications were:
* ‘Marriage with a Deceased Wife's Sister,’ 1850.
* ‘The Grand Jury System subversive of the Moral Interests of Society,’ 1852.
* ‘A Handy Book on Criminal Law, applicable chiefly to Commercial Transactions,’ 1858.
* ‘Personal Wrongs and Legal Remedies,’ 1860.
[Law Times, 12 Feb. 1887, p. 274; Robinson's Bench and Bar, 1889, pp. 112, 298; private information.]
G. C. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Slatyer, William

​SLATYER or SLATER, WILLIAM (1587–1647), divine, son of a Somerset gentleman, was born at Tykeham, near Bristol, in 1587. He was admitted a member of St. Mary's Hall, Oxford, on 6 Feb. 1600–1, whence, in 1607, he removed to Brasenose College. He graduated B.A. on 23 Feb. 1608–9 and M.A. on 13 Nov. 1611. In the same year he was made a fellow, and in December 1623 proceeded B.D. and D.D. In 1616 he was appointed treasurer of the cathedral church of St. David's (Le Neve, Fasti Eccl. Angl. i. 318), and in the following year rector of Romney new church. He held for a time the post of chaplain to the queen consort (Anne of Denmark); but in 1625 he became rector of Otterden, Kent, and received a dispensation to hold the two livings together (Rymer, Fœdera, xviii. 665). About 1630 he published ‘Psalmes or Songs of Zion: turned into the Language and set to the Tunes of a Strange Land by W. S.’ (London, by Robert Young, n.d. 12mo). In connection with this work Slatyer was severely reprimanded by the court of high commission on 20 Oct. 1630. It appears that he added to it ‘a scandalous table to the disgrace of religion, and to the encouragement of the contemners thereof.’ He had to make a very humble apology and was rebuked by the archbishop, George Abbot [q. v.] His attire evoked censure as well as his publications; for Laud, then bishop of London, calling him back after Abbot's fulminations, informed him that his dress (‘a careless ruff and deep sleeves’) was ‘not fit for a minister.’ What was the nature of the ‘scandalous table’ is not clear, unless it consisted of a list of profane tunes to which the psalms might be sung. In the copy of the work in the British Museum the names of some of these tunes are found prefixed to the psalms in manuscript. Slatyer's portrait faces the title-page. He died at Otterden on 14 Feb. 1646–7. He left a son William, by his wife Sarah, who survived him. He is to be distinguished from the contemporary William Sclater [q. v.], rector of Pitminster, with whom he has been confounded.
Besides the condemned work on the psalms, Slatyer was the author of: 1. ‘Thrēnōidia, sive Pandionium Melos, in perpetuam serenissimæ simul ac beatissimæ Principis Annæ nuper Angliæ Reginæ Memoriam,’ London, 1619, 4to, which consists of elegies and epitaphs on Queen Anne of Denmark, written in Hebrew, Greek, Latin, and English. 2. ‘Palæo-Albion; or the History of Great Britaine from the first peopling of this Iland to this present Raigne of or happy and peacefull Monarke K. James,’ London, printed by W. Stansby for Richard Meighan, 1621, fol. The history is written in Latin and English verse, the Latin on the one side and the English on the other, with various marginal notes on the English side relating to English history and antiquities. 3. ‘Genethliacon sive Stemma Jacobi. By William Slatyer, D.D.,’ London, 1630, fol. In this work, which is intended to supplement his history, he deduces the descent of James I from Adam. 4. ‘The Psalmes of David in four Languages and in four Parts. Set to the ​Tunes of our Church by W. S.,’ London, 1643, 12mo; 2nd edit. 1652.
E. I. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Slaughter, Stephen

​SLAUGHTER, STEPHEN (d. 1765), portrait-painter, was a native of Ireland, and worked there for a time, subsequently coming to London, where he took a good position in the profession. He succeeded the younger Walton as keeper and surveyor of the king's pictures, and held that post until his death, which took place at Kensington on 15 May 1765. Slaughter's works are fairly well painted, with a good deal of colour in the faces and heavy shadows. His portrait of Sir Hans Sloane (1736), formerly in the British Museum, is now in the National Portrait Gallery; those of the Hon. John and Lady Georgiana Spencer (1737) are at Blenheim; and that of John Hoadly, archbishop of Armagh (1744), is in the National Gallery of Ireland, which also possesses his group of five members of the Hell-Fire Club. Of Slaughter's portraits of Nathaniel Kane, lord mayor of Dublin in 1734, and General Richard St. George, mezzotints by J. Brooks and M. Ford were published in Dublin. Slaughter executed in chiaroscuro in 1733 an imitation of a pen drawing by Parmigiano, then in the possession of Dr. Hickman.
F. M. O'D.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Slaughter, Edward

​SLAUGHTER, EDWARD (1655–1729), hebraist, born in Herefordshire in 1655, entered the Society of Jesus on 7 Sept. 1673, and was ordained priest on 28 March 1682, in which year he was sent to the mission of Swaffham, Norfolk. He was appointed to teach Hebrew in the college of the English jesuits at Liège about 1677; he subsequently taught mathematics there, and eventually became professor of theology. He was professed of the four vows on 2 Feb. 1690–1, and was declared rector of the college at Liège in 1701. When John Churchill, earl (and subsequently duke) of Marlborough, took the citadel and city of Liège in 1702, he paid the rector a visit, and showed him special courtesy. Slaughter afterwards became rector of the jesuit colleges at St. Omer and Ghent. He passed the last seven years of his life, sine officio, at Liège, where he died on 20 Jan. 1728–9.
His works are: 1. ‘Conclusiones ex universa theologia propugnandæ in Collegio Anglicano Societatis Jesu Leodii,’ Liège, 1696, 4to. 2. ‘Grammatica Hebraica brevi et nova methodo concinnata, qua cito, facile, solide, linguæ sanctæ rudimenta addisci possunt,’ Amsterdam, 1699, 12mo; Rome, 1705, 1760, 1823, 1834, 1851, 1861, 8vo; Paris, 1857 and 1866 (revised and corrected by J. J. L. Bargès, professor of Hebrew at the Sorbonne).
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Tyerman, Daniel

1904 Errata appended.
​TYERMAN, DANIEL (1773–1828), missionary, was born on 19 Nov. 1773 at Clack farm, near Osmotherly in Yorkshire, where his parents had resided for some time. In 1790 he obtained employment in London. Coming under strong religious convictions, he entered Hoxton Academy in 1795 to prepare himself for the congregational ministry. In 1798 he became minister at Cawsand in Cornwall, and thence removed to Wellington in Somerset. About 1804 he officiated for a short time at Southampton, and afterwards settled at Newport in the Isle of Wight. There he was one of the first projectors of the town reading-rooms, and filled the office of secretary of the Isle of Wight Bible Society. In 1821 Tyerman and George Bennet of Sheffield were appointed by the London Missionary Society to visit their southern stations. They sailed from London on 2 May in the whaler Tuscan, and, proceeding round Cape Horn, visited Tahiti, the Leeward and Sandwich Islands, and other mission stations in the South Seas. In 1824 they visited New South Wales, and on the way narrowly escaped from the Maoris of New Zealand. From Sydney, in September 1824, they sailed through the Torres Straits to Java, and thence to Singapore, Canton, and Calcutta. At Serampore, on 3 May 1826, they met the venerable William Carey (1761–1834) [q. v.], who received them with much kindness. After visiting Benares, they sailed to Madras, and thence to Goa. From India they voyaged in 1827 to Mauritius and Madagascar, where the missions were firmly established under King Radama. On 30 July 1828 Tyerman, whose health had given way under the climate of southern India, died at ​Antananarivo. He was twice married: first, in 1798, to Miss Rich, by whom he had a son and daughter; and, secondly, in 1810, to Miss Fletcher of Abingdon, by whom he had two sons and a daughter.
Tyerman was the author of: 1. ‘An Essay on Baptism,’ Newport, 1806, 12mo; 2nd edit. London, 1814, 12mo. 2. ‘Evangelical Hope: an Essay,’ London, 1815, 12mo. 3. ‘The Dairyman: the Life of Joseph Wallbridge,’ Newport, 1816, 12mo. 4. ‘Essay on the Wisdom of God,’ London, 1818, 8vo. The journal of his missionary tour was published by James Montgomery, the poet, in 1831, London, 8vo (2nd edit. 1841). The first part was written in conjunction with George Bennet, but the latter part was entirely his own. It affords a graphic picture of the state of the London society's missions at the period.
E. I. C.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.268 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
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# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Twyne, Lawrence

​TWYNE, LAWRENCE (fl. 1576), translator, eldest son of John Twyne [q. v.], by his wife Alice, daughter and coheiress of William Peper, was probably born about 1540 at Canterbury and educated at his father's school. He proceeded thence to All Souls' College, Oxford, where he was elected fellow and graduated B.C.L. on 17 Aug. 1564 (Reg. Univ. Oxon. i. 255). In 1573 he wrote some verses for his brother Thomas's translation of Lhuyd's ‘Breviary of Britayne,’ but his only claim to notice is his ‘Patterne of Painefull Aduentures, containing the most excellent, pleasant, and variable Historie of the Strange Accidents that befell vnto Prince Apollonius, the Lady Lucina his Wife, and Tharsia his Daughter. Wherein the Vncertaintie of this World and fickle state of man's life are liuely described. Gathered into English by Lavrence Twine, Gentleman. Imprinted at London by William How’ (1576, 4to). No copy of this edition is known to be extant, but it was licensed to How on 17 July 1576, and the ‘Stationers' Register’ states that ‘this book is sett foorth in print with this title “The Patterne of peynfull aduentures”’ (Arber, Transcript, ii. 301). Another edition, with no date, was issued by Valentine Simmes about 1595; a copy of it was sold at Utterson's sale for seven guineas, and from it Collier printed, with some inaccuracies, his edition in Shakespeare's ‘Library’ in 1843, and again in 1875. A third edition appeared in 1607, a year before the production of Shakespeare's ‘Pericles;’ a copy of this edition is in the Bodleian Library. The story of Apollonius of Tyre had been used in his ‘Confessio Amantis’ by John Gower [q. v.], who borrowed it from Godfrey of Viterbo. Another translation of the story from the French was published by Robert Copland [q. v.] in 1510. Twyne's version, however, was the one mainly used by the authors of ‘Pericles’ [see Wilkins, George], the production of which may have been suggested by the appearance of the third edition of Twyne's book in 1607. Steevens, Malone, and Douce erroneously assigned the authorship to Lawrence's brother, Thomas Twyne [q. v.]
Twyne is said (Foster, Alumni Oxon.) to have become rector of Twyneham, Sussex, in 1578. He married Anne, daughter of one Hoker of the county of Southampton, and had issue a son John and a daughter Anne (Berry, Hants Genealogies, pp. 222–3).
A. F. P.