# A Dialogue between Old England and New

Notes
28 Hengist: co-leader of the Jutes (with Horsa), Hengist was brought into England in 449 by Vortigern, king of the Celts, to oppose the Picts, but Hengist eventually turned against the Celts, forced them out of Kent, and founded a new Kentish dynasty himself. See Bede's Ecclesiastical History, 1.15, 2.5.
31 Canutus: Canute, Danish king of England (1016-35).
36 Maud and Stephen: daughter of Henry I and wife of Geoffrey Plantagenet of Anjou, Maud bore the future Henry II and came to dispute the right of Stephen (ca. 1097-1154), incumbent king of England (1135-43) and nephew of her father, to the throne; after a period of civil war, 1143-53, Stephen resolved the conflict shortly before his death by acknowledging the right of Maud's son as heir to the crown.
39 Edward: Edward II, king of England (1307-27), murdered by followers of his queen, Isabella, and Mortimer.
40 Richard: Richard II, king of England (1377-99), murdered by followers of Henry Bolingbroke, the future Henry IV.
42 the red-white pricking roses: the War of the Roses, from 1455 to 1485, between the house of Lancaster (the red rose) and the house of York (the white rose), resolved when in 1486 Henry VII married Elizabeth, the daughter of Edward IV, and united the two houses.
43 Richmond: Henry Tudor, earl of Richmond, the future Henry VII (1457-1509).
44 the boar: Richard III (1452-85).
46 Armadoe: the great Armada, destroyed off England in 1588.
61 Alcie's son or Henry's daughter: Stephen and Maud (see above,line 36).
63 John: king of England, 1199-1216.
64 French Louis: Louis VIII (1187-1226) invaded England in 1216 but was defeated a year later after the son of the late King John, Henry III, succeeded to the throne.
69 Duke of York: Edmund Plantagenet (1341-1402), founder of the house of York. Earl of March: Roger de Mortimer (1287-1330), who supported Queen Isabella in the murder of her husband Edward II.
75 Edward Third: Edward III, king of England 1327-77. Henry Fifth of fame: Henry V, king of England (1413-22), victor over the French at the battle of Agincourt in 1415.
98 Beelzebub: "lord of flies," name for the devil.
112 Edward's youths: Edward V, son of Edward IV; and Richard, duke of York, the princes murdered by Richard III in the Tower Clarence' hapless son: Edward, earl of Warwick (executed 1499).
113 Jane: Lady Jane Grey, protestant queen of England July 6-19, 1553, and executed by Queen Mary Feb, 12, 1554.
118 hydras: many-headed monsters of classical myth that, having had ahead cut off, replace it with two other heads.
143 Rochelle: La Rochelle, where French protestants (Huguenots) were besieged and defeated 1627-28.
171 Strafford: Sir Thomas Wentworth, first earl of Strafford (1593-1641), main statesman for Charles I, convicted of treason and executed on Tower Hill.
172 Laud: William Laud (1573-1645), archbishop of Canterbury (1633), executed for treason by the Long Parliament for opposing puritan protestantism.
225 Gideon: a hero responsible for defeating the Midianites (Judges 7:18-19).
226 Meroz' curse: Judges 5.23, "Curse ye Meroz, said the angel of the Lord, curse yet bitterly the inhabitants thereof; because they came not to the help of the Lord, to the help of the Lord against the mighty."
232 Baal's vestments: those of a pagan (Canaanite) deity.
233 mitres, surplices: ecclesiastical headdresses and vestments worn by Anglican and Roman priests.
234 Copes, rochets, croziers: ecclesiastical vestments and staffs employed by Anglican and Roman priests.
238 Essex: Robert Devereux, third earl of Essex and leader of the Parliamentary forces 1642-45.
250 Charles: Charles I, king of England (1625-49).
263 pursuivants and catchpoles: officers of arms and sheriff's deputies.
281 Gog: one of two giant figures (the other being Magog) carried in 16th-century London Lord Mayor's processions, based on the mythical giant Gogmagog defeated by Corineus in British prehistory.
282 Abraham's seed: the chosen people of God (Romans 4:13-18).
284 scales: Saul regained his sight on being baptized as Paul (Acts 9:18).
290 Canaanite: pagan people living in ancient Palestine.
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
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