OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Hundert

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Hundert | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Hundert, n., ‘hundred,’ from the equiv. MidHG. and late OHG. hundert, n.; comp. OSax. hunderod, AS. and E. hundred, and the equiv. OIc. hundrað, n.; Goth. *hundaraþ (gen. -dis) is wanting; the word is evidently a compound, the second part of which is connected with Goth. raþjan, ‘to count’ (comp. Rede). The first component was used alone for ‘hundred’; comp. Goth. twa hunda, 200, þrija hunda, 300, &c.; OHG. zwei hunt, driu hunt, &c., AS. tâ hund, þreo hund, 200, 300. This simple term is an Aryan form, Teut. hunda-, from pre-Teut. kmtó-; comp. Lat. centum, Gr. ἑκατόν, Sans. çatám, Zend sata, Lith. szimtas (m is changed in Teut. into n before d; see Rand); OSlov. sŭto is probably derived from Iran. sata. But while the word, judging from the correspondences in these language, denoted our decimal ‘hundred’ in primit. Aryan, we find that it is used in OTeut. for 120, the so-called duodecimal hundred. In OIc. hundraþ in the pre-Christian period denoted only 120, a distinction being made at a later period between tólfrœtt hundraþ, 120, and tírœtt hundraþ, 100; even at the present time hundraþ denotes the duodecimal hundred in Iceland. In Goth. we have only indirect evidence of the combination of the decimal and duodecimal numeration, taíhuntê-hund, ‘ten times ten,’ but twa hunda, 200 (OIc. tíu-tiger, ‘ten tens, 100’). So too in OHG. and AS.; comp. OHG. zëhanzo, ‘100,’ prop. ‘ten tens,’ and also einhunt, AS. teóntig, but tû hund. In other cases also the co-existence of the duodecimal and decimal system may be seen in OTeut. In G. the word for 120 became obsolete at an early period, but its existence may be inferred from the fact that the old word hund in OHG. and MidHG. was used only for several hundreds, while hundred was expressed almost entirely by zëhanzo and zëhenzig.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Hund

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Hund | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Hund, m., ‘dog, hound,’ from the equiv. MidHG. hunt(d), OHG. hunt(t), m.; a common Teut. word hunda-, ‘dog’; comp. Goth. hunds, OIc. hundr, AS. hund, E. hound (for the chase only, in other cases dog, AS. docge), Du. hond, LG. hund. If the second syllable in hun-da- is a derivative (comp. Hinde), the Teut. word corresponds to Aryan kun-, ‘dog’; comp. Gr. κύων (gen. κυν-ὁς), Sans. çvã (gen. çún-as), Lat. canis, Lith. szu̇ (stem szun-), OIr. cú. Thus the Aryans in their primit. home were already acquainted with the dog as distinct from the wolf. In Teut. it might also appear as if the word were connected with an old str. vb. hinþan, ‘to catch’ (in Goth.); in popular etymology Hund might he regarded as the ‘captor, hunter, taker of prey.’ The phrase auf den Hund kommen, ‘to fall into poverty, go to the dogs,’ seems to be based upon the OTeut. expression in dice-playing (see gefallen, Sau, and also Daus); probably Hund, like Lat. canis and Gr. κύων, denoted an unlucky throw; in Sans. the professional gambler is called ‘dog-slayer’ (çvaghnin). The probable antiquity of dice-playing is attested by Tacitus' account of the Teutons and by the songs of the Vedas.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Hulst

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Hulst | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Hulst, m., ‘holly,’ from the equiv. MidHG. huls (comp. Axt, from MidHG. ackes), OHG. huls, hulis, m.; from G., Fr. houx is derived. Comp. E. holly, AS. holegn, E. hulver, Kelt. kelen, ‘holly.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Huld

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Huld | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Huld, f., ‘grace, favour, kindness,’ from MidHG. hulde, f., OHG. huldi, OSax. huldî, f.; abstract of hold.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Hummel

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Hummel | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Hummel, f., ‘humble-bee, drone,’ from the equiv. MidHG. hummel, humbel, OHG. humbal, m.; comp. Du. hommel, ‘drone,’ MidE. humbel-bee, E. humble-bee (AS. *humbol-beó). The origin of the cognates is obscure; the derivation from MidHG. hummen, ‘to hum,’ is not satisfactory, since the soft labial in OHG. humbal must be archaic and original.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Hummer

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Hummer | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Hummer, m., ‘lobster,’ ModHG. only, from the equiv. LG. (Dan. and Swed.) hummer; the final source is OIc. humarr, m., ‘lobster’; comp. Gr. κάμαρος, κάμμαρος, ‘a kind of crab,’ although the occurrence of the same names of fishes in several Aryan languages is usually very rare. In E. a different word is used — AS. loppestre, f., E. lobster.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Humpe

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Humpe | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Humpe, f., Humpen, m., ‘drinking-cup, bumper, bowl,’ ModHG. only (from the 17th cent.); it seems, however, to be primitive, since correspondences are found in the Aryan languages, Sans. kumbha, m., ‘pot, urn,’ Zend χumba (the initial h of the ModHG. word probably originated like the h in haben, root khabh; yet comp. also Gr. κύμβος, m., ‘vessel, cup’). However remarkable it may seem that a primit. word like Humpen should have been unrecorded in the entire Teut. group until the 17th cent., yet similar examples of such a phenomenon may be adduced; comp. Schwire, ‘stake,’ in ModHG. dial. only, which, like AS. swër, ‘pillar,’ corresponds to Sans. sváru-s, ‘sacrificial stake.’ In this case, however, the supposition that the word has been borrowed is more probable, because Teut. has for the most part adopted foreign terms for drinking vessels (comp. Krug, Krause, Kruke, Kelch); the assumption, on account of Zend χumba, that the word was borrowed at an early period from a Pers. dial. is alluring (as in the case of Pfad).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Huhn

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Huhn | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Huhn, n., ‘fowl,’ from MidHG. and OHG. huon (plur. -ir, MidHG. hüener), n.; comp. OSax. hôn, Du. hoen; unknown to E.; OIc. plur. only, hœns (AS. hêns-?), n., ‘fowls.’ Huhn compared with the related words Hahn and Henne is prop. of common gender, and may in OHG. be used instead of Hahn. The Goth. term may have been *hôn or *hônis. Comp. Hahn.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Balz

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Balz. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Balz, masculine, ‘pairing time (of birds),’ from Middle High German balze (besides ralz), masculine; of obscure origin.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Band

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Band. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Band (1.), masculine, ‘volume,’ originally identical with the following word.
Band (2.), neuter, ‘band, ribbon,’ from binden; Middle High German bant, plural bender (and bant), neuter, Old High German bant, plural bentir (and bant). Compare Old Saxon band, Dutch band, masculine, Old Icelandic band; Gothic by another derivation bandi (whence Anglo-Saxon bend, English bend, as well as a later band derived from French bande). See the preceding and the following word.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Bande

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Bande. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Bande, feminine, ‘cushion,’ in Billardbande, from French bande; similarly derived in the sense of ‘crew.’ The Romance word — French bande (Italian banda), ‘band, strip, gang, troop,’ is derived from Old High German bant, Gothic bandi.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Bangert

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Bangert. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Bangert, masculine, ‘orchard,’ for bân-, bâmgart, Middle High German boumgarte; compare Baum and Garten.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Ball

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Ball. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Ball, (1.) masculine, ‘challenge (of hounds),’ belongs to the stem of bellen.
Ball (2.), masculine. ‘ball,’ from the equivalent Middle High German bal (genitive balles) or balle, ballen, masculine Old High German ballo, masculine, balla, feminine; Anglo-Saxon *bealla is wanting; English ball (Middle English balle) is borrowed from the Romance word French balle, which was obtained from German. Old Icelandic bǫllr, ‘ball,’ presupposes Gothic *ballus. The root bal- appears also with a further gradation in Bolle (in Bolster too?); compare further Bellen.
Ball (3.), masculine, ‘dancing entertainment,’ from French bal, ‘ball’; Old French baller, ‘to dance,’ and its Romance cognates have been derived from Greek βαλλίξω, ‘I dance.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Ballei

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Ballei. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Ballei, feminine, ‘jurisdiction,’ from Middle Latin ballia, formed from French bailli, bailif, ‘steward’ (Middle Latin ballîvus, English bailiff), which is formed from Latin bajulus, with the suffix -îvus.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Ballen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Ballen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Ballen, masculine, ‘bale, pack,’ identical with Ball, which, as Middle High German alle and Old High German ballo show, was formerly a weak masculine; in connection with the difference of form arose a difference of meaning; original sense ‘round bundle of paper,’ then ‘a certain quantity of rolled or packed paper.’ English bale and Dutch baal are borrowed from French balle (also ballon), which was again obtained from German.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Balsam

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Balsam. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Balsam, masculine, ‘balm, balsam,’ from the equivalent Middle High German balsame, balsem, m , Old High German balsamo, masculine; Gothic balsan, with a very remarkable deviation; compare Arabic balasân. The German word is derived from Greek-Latin balsamum (βάλσαμον), whence also French baume (English balm), Italian balsamo.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Ballast

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Ballast. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Ballast, masculine, ‘ballast,’ like other maritime expressions, from Low German; compare Dutch ballast, English ballast. In Middle High German simply last, ‘ballast,’ whence the equivalent French lest is derived. The first component of the compound is obscure; it is scarcely of Irish origin (Keltic bal, ‘sand’), nor is it likely to be identical with Old Icelandic bâra, ‘sea.’ On account of Danish baglest, ‘ballast.’ the least improbable derivation is from bak, ‘back,’ discussed under Backe (1.). Ballast might perhaps be ‘load behind or in the rear.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Bank

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Bank. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Bank, feminine, ‘bank, bench, reef,’ from the equivalent Middle High German banc, plural bęnke, Old High German banch, plural bęnchi, masculine, feminine; compare Anglo-Saxon bęnc, feminine, English bench, Old Icelandic bekkr. Besides the stem banki- (from pre-Teutonic bhangi-), Teutonic possessed others which are recorded in words borrowed by Romance; compare Italian banco, banca, panca, French banc, banque, &c. See the following words.
# American Railway Express Company v. Kentucky

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
273 U.S. 269
American Railway Express Company v. Kentucky
Argued: Nov. 17 and 18, 1925. --- Decided: Feb 21, 1927
Messrs. Branch P. Kerfoot, Charles W. Stockton, and K. E. Stockton, all of New York City, for petitioner.
Mr. Frank E. Daugherty, of Frankfort, Ky., for the Commonwealth of Kentucky.
Mr. Justice McREYNOLDS delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# American Railway Express Company v. Levee

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
263 U.S. 19
American Railway Express Company v. Levee
Argued: Oct. 8, 1923. --- Decided: Oct 22, 1923
Messrs. A. A. Moreno, H. Garland Dupre, and Hunter C. Leake, all of New Orleans, La., and A. M. Hartung, of New York City, for petitioner.
Mr. Charles T. Wortham, of Donaldsonville, La., for respondent.
Mr. Justice HOLMES delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009/Division A
## DIVISION A − APPROPRIATIONS PROVISIONS

That the following sums are appropriated, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2009, and for other purposes, namely:
# American Railway Express Company v. Lindenburg

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
260 U.S. 584
American Railway Express Company v. Lindenburg
Argued: Dec. 4, 1922. --- Decided: Jan 8, 1923
Messrs. A. M. Hartung, of New York City, and D. C. T. Davis, Jr., of Charleston, W. Va., for petitioner.
Messrs. E. B. Dyer and Morgan Owen, both of Charleston, W. Va., for respondent.
Mr. Justice SUTHERLAND delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Trotte

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Trotte | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Trotte, f., ‘wine-press,’ from the equiv. MidHG. trotte (trote), OHG. trotta (trota), f.; lit. perhaps ‘place where the wine is pressed out by treading.’ A derivative of the Teut. root tred (trod), which has been discussed under treten (see also the preceding word). For a term adopted with the Southern culture of the vine, see under Kelter (comp. also Torkel).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Trug

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Trug | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Trug, m., ‘deception, illusion,’ ModHG. only, allied to trügen, older triegen, which is derived from the equiv. MidHG. triegen, OHG. triogan, str. vb., corresponding to OSax. bidriogan, ‘to cheat, deceive.’ To these are allied Teut. draumo-, ‘phantom’ (see Traum), as well as OIc. draugr, ‘ghost,’ OSax. gidrog, MidHG. getroc (g), ‘ghost’ (comp. also Zwerg). The Teut. root drū̆g (dwerg), ‘to deceive,’ contained in these words, is based on an Aryan root dhrū̆gh (dhwergh), ‘to overreach, injure’; comp. Sans. druh, ‘to injure (by deceit, craftiness, or enchantment),’ OPers. drauga, ‘lie,’ Zend draoga, ‘lying’ (druj, ‘ghost’).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Trotz

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Trotz | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Trotz, m., ‘boldness, obstinacy, defiance,’ from MidHG. (MidG.) trotz, of which the more usual forms are MidHG. tratz, trutz, m., ‘refractoriness’; allied to MidHG. tratzen, tretzen, ‘to defy,’ tratz, ‘insolent, defiant, obstinate.’ The word is unknown to OHG. and the other OTeut. dialects, but there is no reason to suppose that it has been borrowed. —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Trubel

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Trubel | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Trubel, m., ‘confusion, trouble,’ ModHG. only, from Fr. trouble.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Truchseß

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Truchseß | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Truchseß, m., ‘lord high-steward,’ from the equiv. MidHG. truh-, truht-sœȥe (-sœtze), OHG. truhsûȥȥo (zz). The MidLat. rendering, ‘dapifer, discophorus,’ shows that the ​word signified ‘he who serves the food.’ Yet MidHG. and OHG. truht is not used in the sense of ‘food’; it signifies ‘that which can be carried’ (a derivative of tragen), and might thus mean also ‘the food, served up.’ On account of MidHG. and OHG. truht, ‘crowd, troop,’ others with greater reason regard MidHG. truhsœȥe as ‘he who sits with the retainers (or at the head of the table), provides for their maintenance (hence dapifer) and assigns to them their places at table.’ The word is also found in LG. dialects; comp. LG. Drostei, ‘district of a Droste’ (high bailiff; MidDu. drossâte); Du. drossaard, ‘high bailiff.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Tropf

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Tropf | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Tropf, m., ‘needy or stupid person,’ from the equiv. late MidHG. tropfe. It is considered to be a variant of Tropfen (Tropf, lit. ‘least thing, nothing, wight’?).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Tropfen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Tropfen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Tropfen, m., ‘drop, tear,’ from the equiv. MidHG. tropfe (troffe), OHG. tropfo (troffo), m.; corresponding to OSax. dropo, Du. drop, AS. dropa, E. drop, and the equiv. OIc. drope. A derivative of the Teut. root drup (see triefen).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Trost

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Trost | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Trost, m., ‘comfort, consolation,’ from MidHG. and OHG. trôst, m., ‘comfort, help, protection, assurance, confidence’; corresponding to OIc. traust, m., ‘assurance,’ Goth. traust (gen. traustis for -eis), ‘treaty, alliance.’ The word is a derivative of the Teut. root traus, a variant of the root trū̆ appearing in trauen. Comp. OIc. traustr, adj., ‘certain, strong, firm,’ lit. ‘that in which one has confidence.’ —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Trott

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Trott | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Trott, m., ‘trot,’ ModHG. only, from the equiv. Ital. trotto (Fr. trot). This Rom. word is apparently based on OHG. trottôn, ‘to tread’ (late MidHG. trotten, ‘to run’), an intensive form of treten. E. to trot has been adopted from the borrowed Fr. term trotter. Comp. the following word.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Troß

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Troß | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Troß, m., ‘baggage, baggage-train, cavalcade,’ from late MidHG. trosse, f., ‘luggage,’ formed from Fr. trousse, ‘truss, bundle.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/mangeln

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/mangeln | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ mangeln, vb., ‘to want, lack, be lacking,’ from MidHG. mangeln, OHG. mangolôn, ‘to dispense with, miss, be in want of'; Mangel, from MidHG. mangel, m., ‘want, defect.’ To this is allied MidHG. manc, ‘want, defect,’ also OHG. mangôn, męngen, ‘to be deficient’; Du. mangelen, ‘to dispense with.’ A Teut. root mang, mangw, does not occur elsewhere; it may be primit. allied to Lat. mancus, ‘mutilated, powerless, deficient,’ from which early derivatives were formed in E., AS. gemancian, ‘to mutilate’; to this Du. mank, ‘limping, deficient,’ and E. to mangle are also akin.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/manig

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/manig | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ manig, see manch.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/matt

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/matt | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ matt, adj., ‘checkmated; faint, languid, insipid,’ from MidHG. mat (gen. mattes), adj., ‘checkmated’ (also figuratively), which was adopted from Rom. in the latter half of the 12th cent.; comp. Fr. mat. Ital. matto, MidLat. mattus, whence also Du. mat, E. mate. This characteristic term, which was introduced with chess, is formed from Arab. and Pers. schâh mât, ‘the king is dead.’ See Schach.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/mauen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/mauen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ mauen, vb., from the equiv. MidHG. mâwen, ‘to mew like a cat’; an imitative word; comp. Mietze.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/mausen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/mausen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ mausen, vb., ‘to catch mice, pilfer,’ from MidHG. musen, ‘to creep, deceive’; a derivative of MidHG. mûs, equiv. to Maus.