OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Eversden, John of

​EVERSDEN or EVERISDEN, JOHN of (fl. 1300), chronicler, was presumably a native of one of the two villages of the name near Caxton, Cambridgeshire. He entered the Benedictine order, having been tonsured in 1255 (Chron. MS. in Luard, pref. to Bartholomæi de Cotton Historia Anglicana, p. lvii, 1859), and became a member of the abbey of Bury St. Edmunds. He was cellarer there in 1300, when he made a ‘valida expeditio’ into Northamptonshire (ib.) to carry out a claim of his monastery on the manor of Werketon (Warkton). In the following year, 1 June, he is mentioned in a bull of Boniface VIII confirming the election of Abbot Thomas (Prynne, Records, iii. 920), and in January 1307 he attended the parliament at Carlisle as proctor for his abbot (Parliamentary Writs, i. 186, ed. F. Palgrave, 1827). Nothing further is known of his life, and although for centuries he was remembered as a chronicler, his chief work was published merely as a continuation of Florence of Worcester (ii. 136–279, ed. B. Thorpe, 1849), without a suspicion of its authorship, except that it was apparently written by some one connected with Bury (Thorpe, pref. p. x). The edition was taken from a manuscript at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, No. 92, which stopped short at 1295. Another manuscript, unknown to the editor, though mentioned by older biographers of Eversden, is preserved in the College of Arms (Norfolk MS. 30), and extends as far as 1296 in one handwriting; it is thence continued until 1301, after which date there is a break until 1313, ‘when a few slight notices occur, 1334, in another hand, and in a third an entry of 1382’ (Luard, l. c.). The inference is that the work of Eversden himself ended in 1301, if not in 1296, and this chronicle is only original for the last portion. Down to 1152 it is a transcript of Henry of Huntingdon and his continuator, and thenceforth to 1265 it is a transcript of John of Taxster, likewise a monk of St. Edmunds. The chronicle thus only possesses an independent value for the last thirty-six years; but during these years the work of Eversden seems to have been in considerable demand, since it was evidently borrowed and largely made use of both by Bartholomew Cotton (ib. pp. lv–lviii) and John of Oxnead (Chron. Johannis de Oxenedes, ed. Sir H. Ellis, 1859). Some considerable extracts made from Eversden by Richard James are preserved in the Bodleian Library (James MS. vii. ff. 58–73).
Besides this main chronicle, which bears the title ‘Series temporum ab initio mundi,’ Eversden was the author of ‘Regna pristina Angliæ et eorum episcopatus,’ a list of names compiled about 1270, and preserved in manuscript at the College of Arms (xxx. 42; see Sir T. D. Hardy, Descriptive Catalogue of Manuscript Materials, iii. 176 et seq., 1871). To these writings Bale adds (Selden MS. ​supra, 64, f. 109 b, Bodl. Libr.; Scriptt. Brit. Cat. bk. v. § 40, p. 410) ‘Concordantiæ divinæ Historiæ,’ ‘Legum Medulla’ (poems), and ‘Concordia Decretorum.’
[Authorities cited above.]
R. L. P.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Evesham, Walter of

​EVESHAM, WALTER of (13th cent.), Benedictine. [See Odington, Walter.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Everitt, Allen Edward

​EVERITT, ALLEN EDWARD (1824–1882), artist, born in Birmingham in 1824, was the son of Edward Everitt, an art dealer in Birmingham, and grandson of Allen Everitt a well-known Birmingham artist and drawing-master. His maternal grandfather was ​David Parkes, the Shropshire antiquarian. Everitt early showed that he had inherited all the artistic faculties of his parents. He received lessons in early life from David Cox [q. v.] His special talent soon showed itself to be the illustration of old buildings and interiors. Taking Birmingham as a centre, he made careful drawings of almost every spot in the midlands which possessed archæological or historical interest. Between the age of thirty and forty he made painting tours in the old towns of Belgium, France, and Germany. After this he devoted himself more especially to studies of interiors, his work being executed mainly in water-colour.
In 1857 Everitt joined the Royal Society of Artists of Birmingham, of which he became in 1858 hon. secretary, a post which he held till his death. He had an important connection as drawing-master in the midlands. For many years he taught drawing at the Birmingham Deaf and Dumb Institution, of which he was also virtually the secretary. In 1870 the archæological section of the Midland Institute was formed, and Everitt was appointed one of the hon. secretaries, contributing papers to its ‘Transactions’ on ‘Aston Church,’ ‘Handsworth Church and its Surroundings,’ ‘Archæological Researches Ten Miles round Birmingham,’ ‘Northfield Church,’ ‘Hampton-in-Arden,’ ‘Old Houses in the Midlands,’ &c. Everitt was also for some time a member of the general council of the institute. In June 1880 he accepted the post of honorary curator of the Birmingham Free Art Gallery, a municipal institution which has since become one of the most important in England.
In 1854 Everitt completed an important series of drawings of Aston Hall, which were used to illustrate Davidson's ‘History of the Holtes of Aston, with a Description of the Family Mansion,’ published in the same year. He also illustrated J. T. Bunce's ‘History of Old St. Martin's,’ the parish church of Birmingham (1875).
In 1880 Everitt married Miss Hudson of Moseley. He died at Edgbaston, of congestion of the lungs, on 11 June 1882. His very large collection of sketches has become invaluable as a memorial of places many of which have already passed away.
W. J. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Brotherton, Thomas William

1904 Errata appended.
​BROTHERTON, Sir THOMAS WILLIAM (1785–1868), general, entered the 2nd or Coldstream guards as ensign in 1800, was promoted lieutenant and captain in 1801, and transferred to the 3rd or Scots fusilier guards in 1803. With the guards he served under Abercromby in Egypt in 1801, and in Hanover under Lord Cathcart in 1805. On 4 June 1807 he exchanged into the 14th light ​dragoons. With it he served almost continuously in the Peninsula from 1808 to 1814. He was in Sir John Moore's retreat to Corunna; he was present at Talavera. at the actions on the Coa, at Busaco, Fuentes d'Onor, Salamanca, where he was wounded, Vittoria, the Pyrenees, the Nivelle, and the Nive, where he was severely wounded and taken prisoner. Wellington speaks of Brotherton's employment in the Estrella (Despatches, iv. 614), of his valuable reports (v. 79), his conduct at the Coa (v. 293), and the duke managed his exchange after the battle of the Nive (vii. 237). He was made major by brevet on Wellington's special recommendation on 28 Nov. 1811, promoted major in his regiment 26 May 1812, lieutenant-colonel by brevet and C.B. in 1814. In 1817 he became lieutenant-colonel of the 16th lancers, and held his command for fourteen years; in 1830 he was made aide-de-camp to the king and colonel, in 1841 major-general, in 1844 inspector-general of cavalry, in 1849 colonel of the 15th hussars, in 1850 lieutenant-general, and in 1855 K.C.B. In 1859 he became colonel of the 1st dragoon guards, in 1860 a general, and in 1861 G.C.B. In 1865, at the age of eighty, he was married to his second wife, the daughter of the Rev. Walter Hare, and died on 20 Jan. 1868, at the age of eighty-three, at his son's house near Esher.
[Royal Military Calendar; Wellington Despatches; Gent. Mag. March 1868.]
H. M. S.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.38 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
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# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Brougham, Henry (1665-1698)

​BROUGHAM, HENRY (1665–1698), divine, was one of the twelve children of Henry Brougham of Scales Hall, Cumberland, sheriff for the county in the 6th of William III, by his marriage with 'fair Miss Slee, daughter of Mr. Slee of Carlisle, a jovial gentleman,' who was a merchant in that city. In Midsummer term, 1681, when sixteen years old, Henry Brougham 'became a poor serving-child of Queen's College,' Oxford. He proceeded B.A. in 1685, M.A. in 1689, being afterwards tabarder and fellow. On 29 Sept. 1691 he was collated, and on 30 Sept. was installed prebend of Asgarby in the church of Lincoln. He was, with William Offley, domestic chaplain to Thomas Barlow, the bishop. On Barlow's death in the same year he bequeathed his Greek, Latin, and English Bibles, and his own original manuscripts, to Brougham and Offley. A condition of the gift was that Brougham and Offley were not to make public any of his writings after his decease; and in 1692, on Sir Peter Pett publishing what he called the bishop's 'Genuine Remains,' the two legatees 'delay'd no time' in issuing a vindication, calling Sir Peter Pett and the vicar of Buckden (where the bishop had died) 'confederate pedlars.' The title of this vindication of their master was 'Reflections to (sic) a late Book entituled The Genuine Remains of Dr. Tho. Barlow, late Bishop of Lincoln, Falsely pretended to be published from his lordship's Original Papers.' It was written by Henry Brougham, and was published in 1694, with a list of Socinian writers (Latin), declared to be the bishop's real list, annexed.
From 1693 to 1695 Brougham acted as proproctor for the university; and on 29 March 1698, aged 33, he died at Oxford, and was buried in Queen's College chapel.
[Wood's Athenæ Oxon. (Bliss), iv. 341, 539, 540; Hutchinson's Cumberland, i. 300-2; Nicolson and Burn's Cumberland and Westmoreland, i. 395-6; Cat. Grad. Oxon, p. 89; Reflections, &c. pp. 7, 10; Offley's Epistle Dedicatory to same, not paged; Le Neve's Fasti (Hardy), ii. 103.]
J. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Brough, William (1826-1870)

​BROUGH, WILLIAM (1826–1870), writer, elder brother of Robert Barnabas Brough [q. v.], was born in London on 28 April 1826. He was educated at Newport, Monmouthshire, and apprenticed to a printer at Brecon. To the 'Liverpool Lion,' the venture of his brother Robert, whom he joined in Liverpool, William Brough contributed his first literary effort, a series of papers called 'Hints upon Heraldry.' He married Miss Ann Romer, known as a singer, who died a year after her marriage, leaving him one child. He subsequently remarried, and died on 13 March 1870, leaving a widow and six children. Like his brother, whose reputation has overshadowed his own, Brough wrote in many periodical publications. His dramatic works, chiefly burlesques, were seen at many of the London theatres. He also wrote the first of the quasi-dramatic entertainments given by Mr. and Mrs. German Reed.
[Era Almanack; private information.]
J. K.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Brotherton, Edward

​BROTHERTON, EDWARD (1814–1866), Swedenborgian, was born at Manchester in 1814, and in early life was engaged in the silk trade, but, foreseeing that the commercial treaty with France was likely to bring to an end the prosperity of his business, he retired with a competence. After a year of continental travel he devoted himself to the work of popular education. The letters of 'E. B.' in the Manchester newspapers excited great attention, and led to the formation of the Education Aid Society, which gave aid to all parents too poor to pay for the education of their children. The experiment upon the voluntary system tended to prove the necessity of compulsion. This demonstration, which Mr. H. A. Bruce, afterwards Lord Aberdare, called the thunderclap from Manchester, paved the way for the Education Act of 1870. Brotherton's zeal in the cause was unbounded; he had patience, a winning grace ​of manner, and a candour only too rare in controversy. In the course of his visitations among the poor he caught a fever, of which he died, after a few days' illness, at Cornbrook, Manchester, 23 March 1866, and was buried at the Wesleyan cemetery, Cheetham Hill. There is a portrait of him in the Manchester town hall. Besides many contributions to periodicals he wrote : 1. 'Mormonism; its Rise and Progress, and the Prophet Joseph Smith,' Manchester, 1846. Brotherton had taken part in 1840 in exposing a Mormon elder, James Malone, who claimed to possess the miraculous 'gift of tongues.' 2. 'Spiritualism, Swedenborg, and the New Church,' London, 1860. This pamphlet has reference to the claims of the Rev. Thomas Lake Harris to a seership similar to that of Swedenborg claims which were vehemently denied by many members of the 'New Church signified by the New Jerusalem in the Revelation,' as the Swedenborgian congregations are officially styled. Brotherton prints a letter from Dr. J. J. Garth Wilkinson as to identity of the phenomena of respiration in Swedenborg and Harris. From this tract it will be seen that Brotherton was a disciple of Swedenborg, with a tendency to belief in spiritualistic phenomena. 3. 'The Present State of Popular Education in Manchester and Salford, the substance of seven letters reprinted from the "Manchester Guardian," by E. B.,' Manchester, 1864. He was the editor and chief writer of the first volume of a monthly periodical, 'The Dawn' (Manchester, 1861-2). He wrote frequently as 'Libra' and as 'Pilgrim' in Swedenborgian periodicals. His chief contributions were the 'Outlines of my Mental History,' which appeared in the 'Intellectual Repository' for 1849.
W. E. A. A.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Brough, William (d.1671)

1904 Errata appended.
​BROUGH, WILLIAM (d. 1671), dean of Gloucester, was educated at Christ's College, Cambridge, where he proceeded B.D. 1627, and D.D. 5 Feb. 1635-6. He was presented to the rectory of St. Michael, Cornhill, about 1630, was an ardent supporter of Laud and his Arminian views, was made chaplain to the king, and was installed canon of Windsor, 1 Feb. 1637-8. At the beginning of the civil wars he was removed from his benefice by the parliamentary commission, 'was also plundered, and his wife and children turned out of doors' (Walker). His wife is said to have died of grief soon afterwards, and Brough joined the king at Oxford. On 16 Aug. 1643 he was nominated dean of Gloucester, but was not installed till 20 Nov. 1644. He returned to Oxford in 1645, and on 26 Aug. of that year was created D.D. by the king's order. Little is heard of him from this date till the Restoration. He then was reappointed to the deanery, and died 5 July 1671. He was buried in St. George's Chapel, Windsor. He was the author of 'The Holy Feasts and Fasts of the Church, with Meditations and Prayers proper for Sacraments and other occasions leading to Christian life and death,' London 1657; and of 'Sacred Principles, Services, and Soliloquies; or a Manual of Devotion,' 1659, 1671.
[Wood's Fasti (Bliss), ii. 85; Walker's Sufferings, ii. 33; Le Neve's Fasti, i. 444, iii. 401.]
S. L. L.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.38 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
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# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Brotherton, Joseph

​BROTHERTON, JOSEPH (1783–1857), parliamentary reformer, was born 22 May 1783 at Whittington, Chesterfield. His father, John Brotherton, who had been a schoolmaster and an exciseman, moved to Manchester in 1789, and soon afterwards set up a cotton mill. About 1802 Joseph became his father's partner, and in 1819 retired from business with a competency. In 1805 he joined the Bible Christian church, and in 1806 married his cousin, Martha Harvey. As Bible Christians they were vegetarians and total abstainers. Mrs. Brotherton published anonymously 'Vegetable Cookery' in numbers, first collected into book form in 1821. About 1818 Brotherton became pastor of his church. He was a vigorous local politician, and subscribed to the sufferers at the Peterloo massacre. He became member for Salford on the passing of the Reform Bill, and was re-elected till his death, his expenses being paid by his constituents. He continued to act as pastor during the parliamentary recesses. He was a free-trader and reformer. His good temper secured him general respect; and he was chairman of the private bills committee. He became famous for the persistence with which he moved the adjournment of the house at midnight, in spite of much ridicule and frequent disturbance. In February 1842, in answer to an attack by Mr. W. B. Ferrand, who had spoken of his 'enormous fortune' amassed by the factory system, he replied that his 'riches consisted not so much in the largeness of his means as in the fewness of his wants,' a phrase inscribed (with verbal alteration) upon his statue in the Peel Park, Salford. The speech in which the phrase occurs was printed separately, and many thousands were distributed. He wrote the essays on abstinence from intoxicating liquors and animal food which appeared in 'Letters on Religious Subjects, printed at Salford about 1819, and immediately reprinted at Philadelphia. The first of these is regarded, in its separate form, as the earliest tract in advocacy of 'teetotalism.' He died suddenly in an omnibus on 7 Jan. 1857. A public subscription was applied to form a fund for purchasing books for local institutions, the monument in the Salford cemetery, and a statue by Matthew Noble in Peel Park, which was inaugurated on 6 Aug. 1858. Brotherton had helped to found the library attached to the Peel Park Museum. A portrait by Westcott is in the Peel Park Museum; one by W. Bradley in the Salford town hall; and a third is in the Manchester town hall. His widow died 25 Jan. 1861, aged 79.
W. E. A. A.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Baddeley, Robert

​BADDELEY , ROBERT (1733–1794), comedian, is said to have been born in 1733, When first heard of he is cook in the establishment of Foote, where he is supposed to have contracted a taste for the stage. Subsequently, as valet to a gentleman whose name has not been preserved, he travelled for three years on what was then called 'the grand tour,' acquiring in so doing a smattering of foreign languages which stood him subsequently in good stead. In 1761 he appeared at the Smock Alley Theatre, Dublin, the first part he played being Gomez, a not unimportant role 'created' by Nokes in Dryden's 'Spanish Friar.' He must have acted previously, as he was announced as of Drury Lane theatre. Two years later he was an established member of Drury Lane company, playing low comedy parts, and winning some reputation as an exponent of foreign footmen. His chief claim to distinction consists in having been the original Moses in the 'School for Scandal.' While dressing for this character on 19 Nov. 1794 he fell back ill. The next day he expired. His life with Mrs. Baddeley was unhappy [see Baddeley, Sophia, 1745-1786], her loose conduct involving him in many difficulties, among which must be counted a bloodless duel with George Garrick, a brother of David. Baddeley is best remembered by his will, in which he left the reversion of his house at Moulsey, in Surrey, to found an asylum for decayed actors, adding a provision that when the value of the property reached 350l. per annum, pensions were to be granted to the inmates. He also bequeathed the interest of 100l. to provide the actors at Drury Lane Theatre with wine and cake in the green room on Twelfth Night. This custom is still observed. Baddeley was the subject, during his life, of many gross charges. Michael Kelly speaks of him as a worthy man, and in Jews and Frenchmen a very good actor. Baddeley is buried in St. Paul's Church, Covent Garden.
J. K.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Baddeley, Thomas

​BADDELEY, THOMAS (fl. 1822), a Roman catholic priest at Manchester, was the author of the 'Sure Way to find out the True Religion,' a colloquial defence of Roman catholic principles, largely mingled with invective against protestantism. The author was stated to be dead in 1825. The tract reached a seventh edition in 1847, and provoked several replies.
A. R. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Badby, William

​BADBY, WILLIAM (d. 1380), Carmelite and theological writer, was a native of East Anglia, and educated at one of the Carmelite monasteries (probably Norwich) of that district. Later in life he proceeded to the Carmelite schools at Oxford. These were situated in the northern suburbs of that town, and as they were open not only to the brotherhood but to all comers, his career as a doctor of theology here was so pleasing to the people that they are said to have flocked, as to a show, to hear his discourses (Bale, Heliades, Harley MSS. 3838, 2, 67). His popularity in this position seems to have recommended him to John of Gaunt, always a great supporter of the Carmelite order, and we are told that Badby was accustomed to hold forth in the presence of this prince and the nobility of England. According to Bale (Harl. MSS. i. 31) he was, next to Ralph Kelly, archbishop of Cashel, one of the glories of his age. Bale hints yet further that it was in some degree due to his influence, as one out of a long list of Carmelite monks whose names are given as confessors to John of Gaunt, that this prince interested himself in attempting to counteract the slanders that were about that time beginning to be levelled against this order, then in the height of its reputation, and possessing over a thousand brothers in England alone. With Badby the appointment of confessor to John of Gaunt was but the stepping-stone to the bishopric of Worcester, which, however, he held for so short a time that his name does not appear, according to Tanner, in any list of the occupants of that see. He died on 14 April 1380. Badby's writings consisted of a 'Liber Sacrarum Contionum,' 'Liber Determinationum Scripturæ;' Tanner adds certain 'Conciones Celebres,' which, however, are probably the same as the 'Liber Sacrarum Contionum.' Bale adds another work, entitled 'De Penitentia.'
T. A. A.