OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/weigern

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry weigern. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ weigern, verb, ‘to refuse, deny,’ from Middle High German weigern, Old High German weigarôn, ‘to oppose, refuse’; allied to Old High German weigar, ‘foolhardy,’ literally perhaps ‘obstinate, resisting.’ ​This is connected with the Teutonic root wī̆g, ‘to fight,’ mentioned under the preceding word.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/weihen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry weihen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ weihen, verb, ‘to consecrate, dedicate,’ from Middle High German and Old High German wîhen (from *wîhjan), weak verb, ‘to sanctify’; a derivative of the Old Teutonic adjective wîho-, ‘sacred, holy’; compare Middle High German wîch (nominative wîher), Old High German and Old Saxon wîh, Gothic weihs. The adjective has also been preserved in Weihnachten, from Middle High German wîhen-nahten, which is properly a fusion of Middle High German ze wîhen nahten (compare Mitternacht). Nacht (which see) has preserved in this compound of the heathen period the meaning ‘day’ (the old Teutons celebrated their winter feast from December 26 to January 6); among the Anglo-Saxons Beda transmitted the term môdra niht, ‘the mothers' nights.’ For the adoption of the old word in the service of Christianity, compare Ostern (also taufen?). Moreover, English Yule preserves another Old Teutonic designation of the same festival; compare Anglo-Saxon giuli (*gŷle), Gothic jiuleis (Old Icelandic ýler), ‘January,’ Old Icelandic jól, Anglo-Saxon geól, ‘Christmas.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/wegen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry wegen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ wegen, preposition, ‘on account of, with regard to,’ from the equivalent Middle High German von...wëgen (with intervening genit.); see laut and kraft. —
wegen, verb, in bewegen, ‘to move,’ from Middle High German wëgen, Old High German wëgan, strong verb, ‘to move,’ with which the corresponding causative, Old High German węgen, węcken (from *wagjan), ‘to cause to move,’ was confused; corresponding to Gothic gawigan, ‘to move.’ The primary meaning of the widely diffused Aryan root wegh, preserved in Wagen and Weg, was ‘to move on, march, drive, ride,’ from which the signification ‘to carry, move,’ was afterwards developed in Teutonic. Compare Sanscrit root vah ‘to proceed, drive, ride,’ and the equivalent Latin vehere, Old Slovenian vesti.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/weidlich

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry weidlich. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ weidlich, adjective, ‘brave, stout, vigorous,’ from Middle High German weidelī̆ch, weidenī̆ch, ‘lively, pert, distinguished, grand’; literally ‘befitting the chase,’ from Weide (2); see the latter also for Weidmann.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Wrottesley, Rev. & Hon. Charles

From volume 4 of the work.
​Wrottesley, Rev. & Hon. Charles, 2s. John, Baron Wrottesley. University Coll., matric. 30 May, 1844, aged 18, B.A. 1847; fellow All Souls' Coll. 1847, M.A. 1851, a student of Lincoln's Inn 1850. See Foster's Peerage.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Wrottesley, Rev. Walter Francis

From volume 4 of the work.
​Wrottesley, Rev. Walter Francis, 1s. Hon. Walter, of London, arm. Christ Church, matric. 18 May, 1864, aged 18; died 16 Feb., 1873.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Wrottesley, Walter

From volume 4 of the work.
​Wrottesley, Walter, 4s. Jobn, of Tettenhall, co. Stafford, baronet. Christ Church, matric. 28 June, 1827, aged 17, B.A. 1831; fellow All Souls' Coll. 1831-43, M.A. 1836, bar.-at-law, Lincoln's Inn, 1836, died 2 May, 1872, father of the next named, brother of Edward B., John 1816, and of Robert 1818.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Wroughton, Philip (2)

From volume 4 of the work.
​Wroughton, Philip, 2s. Philip, of WooIIey, Berks, cler. Oriel Coll., matric. 16 Dec., 1823, aged 17; B.A. 1827, of Ibstone House, Bucks, high sheriff 1857, and of Woolley Park, died 28 Dec., 1862, father of the next named.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Wroughton, George

From volume 4 of the work.
​Wroughton, George, s. James, of St. Laurence, London, gent. Balliol Coll., matric. 19 Jan., 1732-3, aged 18; bar.-at-law, Lincoln's Inn, 1738.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Wroughton, Philip (1)

From volume 4 of the work.
​Wroughton, Philip, s. William, of Westminster, cler. Oriel Coll., matric. 23 March, 1775, aged 16; B.A. 1778, M.A. 1782, of Woolley Park, Berks, vicar of Shabington, Bucks, 1782, died 6 June, 1812, father of Bartholomew, and of Philip next named.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Wrottesley, John

From volume 4 of the work.
​Wrottesley, John, s. John, of Wrottesley, co. Stafford, baronet (after a baron). Christ Church, matric. 15 May, 1816, aged 17; B.A. 1819, M.A. 1823, hon. student 1860-7, created D.C.L. 2 July, 1860, 2nd baron, president Royal Society 1854-7, one of the founders of the Royal Astronomical Society, secretary and president, bar.-at-law, Lincoln's Inn, 1823, a charity commissioner, died 27 Oct., 1867. See Foster's Peerage.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Wrottesley, Robert

From volume 4 of the work.
​Wrottesley, Robert, 3s. John, of Wrottesley, co. Stafford, baronet (after a baron). Christ Church, matric. 22 Oct., 1818, aged 17; B.A. 1822, M.A. 1825, perp. curate Tettenhall, co. Stafford, 1825, rector of Himley 1830, unfil his death 20 Jan., 1838, brother of John 1816, of Edward B., and of the next named.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Wroughton, Bartholomew

From volume 4 of the work.
​Wroughton, Bartholomew, s. Philip, of Newtown, Hants, cler. Christ Church, matric. 21 Oct., 1808, aged 17; of Woolley Park, Berks, high sheriff 1835, died 21 May, 1858.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Wrottesley, Henry

From volume 4 of the work.
​Wrottesley, Henry, s. John, of Wolverhampton, co. Stafford, baronet. Christ Church, matric. 22 June, 1791, aged 18; B.A. 1795, M.A. 1798, bar.-at-law, Lincoln's Inn, 1798, a cursitor in chancery 1795, and a commissioner of bankrupts 1799, M.P. Brackley 1810, until his death 17 Feb., 1825, brother of Charles 1801. See Foster's Peerage & Alumni West., 433.
# An Icelandic-English Dictionary/Signs, Etc.

SIGNS, Etc.
=, equal or equivalent to, the same as.
[ ], between these brackets stand etymological remarks and comparisons with cognate languages.
Words in capital letters are root words or important words.
The word Norse is generally used in a peculiar sense, namely, to mark the old Norwegian idiom (or MS.) as opposed to Icelandic proper.
Historical references referring to religion, customs, life, etc. are given in chapters, and under the special name of the Saga or work cited, vide e.g. sub voce draumr and drápa; the conditions of the editions has, however, made it impossible to follow this rule throughout. Philological references are given in pages.
In nouns the genitive termination is placed between the noun and gender, e.g. alda, u, = alda, gen. öldu; bára, u, = bára, gen. báru, etc.; bati, a, = bati, gen. bata; bogi a, = bogi, gen. boga, etc. So also s, ar, jar, e.g. bekkr, s, = bekkr, gen. bekks; bekkr, jar, = bekkr, gen. bekkjar; belgr, jar, = belgr, gen. belgjar; borg, ar, = borg, gen. borgar, etc.
Compounds of nouns formed from the genitive of the noun are regarded as double words, and printed at the end of the head noun in the same paragraph, vide e.g. bekkr, bók, etc.
As to the making of verbs the following is to be noticed:—að, or d, ð, t, tt, following immediately after a verb, are the preterite inflexions which characterise the verb; að indicates a trisyllabic preterite with að as its characteristic, e.g. baka, að, that is to say, infin. baka, pret. bakaði, sup. bakað, pres. baka: whereas d, ð, t, dd, tt, indicate a dissyllabic preterite, having the dental as characteristic, e.g. brenna, d, that is to say, infin. brenna, pret. brenndi, sup. brennt, pres. brenni; fæða, dd, that is to say, infin. fæða, pret. fæddi, etc.; bæta, tt, = bætta, pret. bætti, etc.; bægja, ð, = bægja, pret. bægði, etc. Where the verb is somewhat irregular, the form is given in full, e.g. berja, pret. barði. All verbs in this Dictionary not marked as above stated are strong, and the tenses are given in extenso. The notation as above stated is adopted from Unger’s Glossaries to his editions of Sagas, and has been lately used in Fritzner’s Dictionary.
The simple and accented vowels are separated; thus a and á, i and í, o and ó, u and ú, y and ý stand each by themselves; an exception, however, is made with é, because it is rare and peculiar in pronunciation. Ang, ing, ung, yng, are given with the simple unaccented vowels, though they are frequently in the editions spelt with an acute (′).
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# An Ideal Husband
## THE PERSONS OF THE PLAY

THE EARL OF CAVERSHAM, K.G. VISCOUNT GORING, his Son SIR ROBERT CHILTERN, Bart., Under-Secretary for Foreign Affairs VICOMTE DE NANJAC, Attache at the French Embassy in London MR. MONTFORD MASON, Butler to Sir Robert Chiltern PHIPPS, Lord Goring's Servant JAMES } HAROLD } Footmen LADY CHILTERN LADY MARKBY THE COUNTESS OF BASILDON MRS. MARCHMONT MISS MABEL CHILTERN, Sir Robert Chiltern's Sister MRS. CHEVELEY

## THE SCENES OF THE PLAY

* ACT I; The Octagon Room in Sir Robert Chiltern's House in Grosvenor Square.
* ACT II; Morning-room in Sir Robert Chiltern's House.
* ACT III; The Library of Lord Goring's House in Curzon Street.
* ACT IV; Same as Act II.
TIME: The Present PLACE: London.
The action of the play is completed within twenty-four hours.
THEATRE ROYAL, HAYMARKET
Sole Lessee: Mr. Herbert Beerbohm Tree Managers: Mr. Lewis Waller and Mr. H. H. Morell January 3rd, 1895
THE EARL OF CAVERSHAM, Mr. Alfred Bishop. VISCOUNT GORING, Mr. Charles H. Hawtrey. SIR ROBERT CHILTERN, Mr. Lewis Waller. VICOMTE DE NANJAC, Mr. Cosmo Stuart. MR. MONTFORD, Mr. Harry Stanford. PHIPPS, Mr. C. H. Brookfield. MASON, Mr. H. Deane. JAMES, Mr. Charles Meyrick. HAROLD, Mr. Goodhart. LADY CHILTERN, Miss Julia Neilson. LADY MARKBY, Miss Fanny Brough. COUNTESS OF BASILDON, Miss Vane Featherston. MRS. MARCHMONT, Miss Helen Forsyth. MISS MABEL CHILTERN, Miss Maud Millet. MRS. CHEVELEY, Miss Florence West.
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/ordnen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry ordnen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ ordnen, ‘to order, regulate,’ even in Middle High German ordenen, Old High German ordinôn, formed from Latin ordinare.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/ohne

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry ohne. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ ohne, preposition, from the equivalent Middle High German ân, âne, OH . âno, preposition, ‘without’; corresponding to Old Saxon âno, Middle Dutch aen, Old Icelandic án, earlier ón (from *ánu), ‘without’; in Gothic, with a different gradation, inu. Undoubtedly the negative un- and Gothic ni, ‘not’ (see nie), are also allied to ohne, as well as Greek ἄνευ, ‘without.’ —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/ohngefähr

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry ohngefähr. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ ohngefähr, adjective, ‘casual, accidental,’ adverb, ‘about, not far from,’ from Middle High German ân gevœre, mostly ân gevœrde, ‘without evil intention, without deceit.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/paff

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry paff. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ paff, interjection, ‘puff! bang!’ Modern High German only, agreeing with Low German and Dutch paf, ‘puff!’; scarcely allied to late Middle High German baffen, ‘to bark’; it is rather a recent onomatopoetic form.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/pah

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry pah. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ pah! interjection, ‘pooh!’ Modern High German only, of a similar origin to paff.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/opfern

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry opfern. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ opfern, verb, from the equivalent Middle High German opfern, Old High German opfarôn, ‘to sacrifice’; so too Old Saxon offrón, Dutch offeren, Anglo-Saxon offrian, ‘to sacrifice,’ whence English to offer, under the influence of French offrir. Introduced by the Church from Latin offerre. With regard to the change of accent in Teutonic, compare predigen, from praedicare, in which the verbal particle likewise assumed the accent. —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/passen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry passen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ passen (1.), verb, ‘to forego one's turn in playing,’ Modern High German only, formed from French ​passer, ‘to omit, pass.’ Numerous words relating to play are derived from the French; compare Pasch and Daus. — The meaning ‘to lie in wait, watch,’ comes, however, from Dutch passen.
passen (2.), verb, ‘to pass muster, suit, be convenient,’ Modern High German only, corresponding to Dutch passen, which is found even in the 13th century; from French passer. Derivative päßlich, ‘tolerable.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/osten

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry osten. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ osten, adverb, from Middle High German ôsten, ôstene, ‘in, to, or from the east,’ Old High German ôstana, ‘from the east,’ so too Anglo-Saxon eástene, ‘in the east,’ eástan, ‘from the east,’ Old Saxon ôstan, ôstana, ‘from the east’; Old High German and Old Saxon ôstar, ‘to the east.’ The stem austa- (in Old Icelandic austr, genitive austrs, masculine), on which these words are based, is undoubtedly connected with the Old Aryan term for ‘dawn’; primitively Aryan *ausôs, Sanscrit ušâs, Latin aurôra (for *ausôs-a), Greek ἠώς, Lithuanian auszrà, ‘dawn.’ Since, in other instances, the names for the periods of the day have been applied to the cardinal points, e.g., Mittag, Morgen, &c., the dawn might be used for the east, especially as Morgen in Upper German signifies ‘east’ (in Upper German the old terms for the cardinal points are almost obsolete). Compare also Ostern.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/pappeln

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry pappeln. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ pappeln, verb, ‘to babble, prate,’ Modern High German only, an onomatopoetic term (compare French babiller), but linked perhaps to the equivalent Low German babbeln, Dutch babbelen (Middle English babelen, English to babble), whence the Modern High German form may be derived by permutation.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/paschen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry paschen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ paschen, verb, ‘to smuggle,’ Modern High German only, probably from French passer, Italian passare, ‘to go beyond,’ with ‘frontier’ understood.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/baf! baff! paff!

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/baf! baff! paff! | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ baf! baff! paff! onomatopoetic term for the report of a gun; first occurs in ModHG. Allied to ModHG. bäffen, ‘to bark,’ from MidHG. baffen, beffen; comp. MidE. baffen, E. to beff; of recent onomat. origin.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/ballen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/ballen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ ballen, vb. ‘to clench (the fist),’ from MidHG. ballen, ‘to form into a ball.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/baar

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/baar | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ baar, adj., from the equiv. MidHG. and OHG. bar (nom. MidHG. barer, barwer, OHG. barêr), adj., ‘naked, bare, denuded, free, empty.’ It corresponds to OSax. bar, AS. bœr, E. bare, OIc. berr, ‘naked, bare'; Goth. *baza- is wanting. The r of the non-Goth. dialects is an old s (not r) as is proved by the affinity to OSlov. bosŭ, Lith. basas, ‘bare-footed,’ which, as well as the Teut. adjs., point to an Aryan bhosó-s, ‘denuded’ (with regard to the antiquity of this idea see nackt). Comp. also Armen. bok, ‘naked,’ which is based upon bhosko-; besides, E. bald (MidE. balled) points to a Goth. participle *bazlôþs (AS. *bœllod). Perhaps entbehren is also connected with the root bhes. Comp. further barsch.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/backen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/backen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ backen, vb. (dial. UpG. bachen), ‘to bake,’ from MidHG. backen, bachen, str. vb.; doublets are found even in OHG. bacchan, bahhan, str. vbs.; OHG. cch is based upon the double consonants kk (OSax. bakkeri, ‘baker,’ Du. bakken, ‘to bake’); but ch presupposes a simple k. Comp. AS. bacan, str. vb., E. to bake, as well as E. batch, from MidE. bacche, AS. *bäcce, where cc points to the ck of the ModHG. word. Whether a Goth. *bakkan or *baqan, str. vb. must be presupposed is uncertain; the pre-Teut. form of the verbal root is Aryan bhō̆g, as is shown by its primit. kinship to Gr. φώγω, ‘I roast’; the affinity of Lat. fŏcus, ‘hearth,’ is doubtful.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/balgen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/balgen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ balgen, vb., lit. ‘to talk angrily, quarrel,’ then ‘to cudgel’; derived from the verbal root belg, ‘to swell out,’ discussed under Balg; comp. OHG. bëlgan, MidHG. bëlgen, meaning ‘to be angry.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/außen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/außen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ außen, adv., ‘outside, out of doors, without,’ from MidHG. ûȥen, OHG. ûȥana, ûȥân, adv., prep., ‘out of doors, outside, out, without’; corresponding to AS. ûton, adv., ‘from without,’ Goth. ûtana, adv., prep., ‘from without, outside, out’; from OTeut. ût. See aus.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/außer

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/außer | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ außer, adv. and prep., ‘except, unless, apart from, without,’ from MidHG. ûȥer, OHG. ûȥar, prep., ‘out — here’; corresponds to OSax. ûlar.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/ballhornisieren

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/ballhornisieren | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ ballhornisieren, vb., verballhornen, ‘to make worse by altering’; derived from Ballhorn, a publisher in Lübeck (1531-1599), who in his ‘enlarged and improved' editions of an ABC book was always making fresh mistakes in his ‘emendations.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/babbeln

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/babbeln | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ babbeln, see pappeln.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/bald

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/bald | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ bald, adv., ‘soon, nearly, quickly,’ based upon an OTeut. adj. which signified ‘quick, bold, brave’; Goth. balþs, ‘bold,’ preserved only in derivs., AS. beald (with the change of þ after l to d, comp. Wald, falten), E. bold, OIc. ballr, ‘bold, impudent, audacious’; also OIc. baldr, AS. bealdor, ‘prince,’ whence the name of the god Balder. In HG. the meaning tended towards ‘bold, quick’; OHG. and OLG. bald, MidHG. balt (gen. baldes). ‘bold, zealous, quick’; comp. Ital. baldo, ‘bold.’ The development of meaning of the OHG. adv. baldo, MidHG. balde, is thus ‘boldly, — quickly, — immediately.’ The abstract Bälde, which is connected with it, meant lit. ‘boldness,’ like Goth. balþei and OHG. baldî; MidHG. belde, ‘audacity’; the meaning of the ModHG. subst. is based immediately on the adv. To this word are allied proper names like Balduin, as well as Fr. Baudouin (applied to the ass).
# An Introduction to the Study of Fishes/Introduction

Layout 2
INTRODUCTORY REMARKS.
According to the views generally adopted at present, all those Vertebrate animals are referred to the Class of Fishes, which living in water, breathe air dissolved in water by means of gills or branchiæ; whose heart consists of a single ventricle and single atrium; whose limbs, if present, are modified into fins, supplemented by unpaired, median fins; and whose skin is either naked, or covered with scales or osseous plates or bucklers. With few exceptions fishes are oviparous. However, there are not a few members of this Class which show a modification of one or more of these characteristics, as we shall see hereafter, and which, nevertheless, cannot be separated from it. The distinction between the Class of Fishes and that of Batrachians is very slight indeed.
The branch of Zoology which treats of the internal and external structure of fishes, their mode of life, and their distribution in space and time, is termed Ichthyology.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language/R

R