# Tropical Diseases

TROPICAL DISEASES
Pellagra. An English case, diagnosed by Dr. Sambon. (Reproduced by permission of the "Wellcome" Bureau of Scientific Research.)
Tropical Diseases
A MANUAL OF THE DISEASES OF WARM CLIMATES
BY
SIR PATRICK MANSON
G.C.M.G., M D., LL.D. (ABERD.)
Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians, London; Fellow of the Royal Society; Hon. D.Sc. Oxon.; Foreign Associate of the Académie de Médecine, France; Honorary Member of the Société de Médecine de Gand; Hon. Associate of the Roys Academy of Medicine, Turin; Consulting Physician to the Seamen's Hospital Society; Lecturer in the London School of Tropical Medicine; late Medical Adviser to the Colonial Office and to the Crown Agents for the Colonies, etc. etc.
WITH 12 COLOUR AND 4 BLACK-AND-WHITE PLATES AND 254 FIGURES IN THE TEXT
Sixth Edition, Revised throughout and Enlarged
CASSELL AND COMPANY, LIMITED
London, New York, Toronto and Melbourne 1919
First Edition, May 1898
Reprinted July and September 1898, January 1899
New Revised Edition, 1900. Reprinted January 1901
New Edition, April 1903
Reprinted August 1903, October 1904
Revised and Enlarged Edition, August 1907
Reprinted March 1908, August 1909, March 1911, March 1912
Revised and Enlarged Edition, May 1914
Revised and Enlarged Edition, October 1917
Reprinted January 1918, February 1919
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
PREFACE TO THE SIXTH EDITION
Although the Fifth Edition of this Manual was published less than three-and-a-half years ago, the advances made in Tropical Medicine in the interval are of sufficient importance to have demanded a careful revision of the text and the provision of further illustrations. Among the more important accessions to our knowledge are those relating to the extracorporeal life-history of Schistosomum hæmatobium, which we owe to the researches of Dr. Leiper, and the demonstration that dengue is conveyed by Stegomyia calopus. I have removed the chapter on Rat-Bite Disease from the section on General Diseases of Undetermined Nature to that on Fevers; and contrariwise the chapter on Pellagra, which in the Fifth Edition appeared in the latter section, has now been transposed to the former. The revision of the chapter on Mosquitoes and of the articles on Tse-tse Flies and Ticks was kindly undertaken by Lieut.-Colonel Alcock, while in the chapter on Pellagra I have had the assistance of Dr. Sambon. My best thanks are due to them both; nor must I omit acknowledgments to Dr. Leiper and Mr. G. C. Robson for allowing me. to reproduce illustrations that have appeared in the Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps and the British Medical Journal; to the Editors of those journals; and to Dr. John Bell for placing at my service a number of valuable photographs.
P. M.
September, 1917.
PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION
A manual on the diseases of warm climates, of handy size, and yet giving adequate information, has long been a want; for the exigencies of travel and of tropical life are, as a rule, incompatible with big volumes and large libraries. This is the reason for the present work.
While it is hoped that the book may prove of practical service, it makes no pretension to being anything more than an introduction to the important department of medicine of which it treats; in no sense is it put forward as a complete treatise, or as being in this respect comparable to the more elaborate works by Davidson, Scheube, Rho, Laveran, Corre, Roux, and other systematic writers in the same field.
The author avails himself of this opportunity to acknowledge the valuable assistance he has received, in revising the text, from Dr. L. Westenra Sambon and Mr. David Rees, M.R.C.P., L.R.C.P., Superintendent, London School of Tropical Medicine. He would also acknowledge his great obligation to Mr. Richard Muir, Pathological Laboratory, Edinburgh University, for his care and skill in preparing the illustrations.
CONTENTS
Introduction :
| Page |||
| The Etiology of Tropical Diseases | The Etiology of Tropical Diseases | xv |
| Section I.—Fevers |||
| chapter |||
| 1. | Malaria | 1 |
| 2. | Malaria: The Microscopical Examination of the Blood | 32 |
| 3. | Malaria: Description of the Parasites and Their Associated Fevers | 50 |
| 4. | Malaria: Morbid Anatomy and Pathology | 81 |
| 5. | Malaria: Malarial Cachexia, etc. | 91 |
| 6. | Malaria: Etiology | 100 |
| 7. | Malaria: Diagnosis | 113 |
| 8. | Malaria: Treatment | 119 |
| 9. | Malaria: The Mosquito | 137 |
| 10. | Trypanosomiasis of Man | 154 |
| 11. | Leishmaniasis | 203 |
| 12. | Relapsing Fever | 228 |
| 13. | Yellow Fever | 250 ​ |
| 14. | Blackwater Fever | 275 |
| 15. | Dengue | 293 |
| 16. | Phlebotomus Fever | 304 |
| 17. | Spotted Fever of the Rocky Mountains | 310 |
| 18. | Japanese River Fever (Shima Mushi) | 315 |
| 19. | Rat-Bite Disease | 319 |
| 20. | Plague | 320 |
| 21. | Undulant Fever | 362 |
| 22. | Typhoid Fever in the Tropics, and Typho-Malarial Fever | 376 |
| 23. | Imperfectly Differentiated Fevers of the Tropics | 384 |
| 24. | Heat-Stroke | 392 |
| Section II.—General Diseases of Undetermined Nature |||
| 25. | Beriberi (Kakke, Barbiers) | 407 |
| 26. | Epidemic Dropsy | 433 |
| 27. | Pellagra | 437 |
| Section III.—Abdominal Diseases |||
| 28. | Cholera | 456 |
| 29. | Dysentery | 490 |
| 30. | Epidemic Gangrenous Rectitis | 544 |
| 31. | Hill Diarrhœa | 546 ​ |
| 32. | Sprue (Psilosis) | 549 |
| 33. | Tropical Liver | 568 |
| 34. | Abscess of the Liver | 573 |
| 35. | Infantile Biliary Cirrhosis | 609 |
| Section IV.—Infective Granulomatous Diseases |||
| 36. | Leprosy (Elephantiasis Græcorum) | 611 |
| 37. | Yaws (Frambœsia) | 652 |
| 38. | Verruga Peruana | 669 |
| 39. | Ulcerating Granuloma of the Pudenda | 673 |
| Section V.—Animal Parasites and Associated Diseases |||
| 40. | Parasites of the Circulatory and Lymphatic Systems | 679 |
| 41. | Parasites of the Circulatory and Lymphatic Systems (concluded) | 742 |
| 42. | Parasites of the Connective Tissue | 766 |
| 43. | Parasites of the Lungs | 794 |
| 44. | Parasites of the Liver | 800 |
| 45. | Intestinal Parasites | 808 |
| Section VI.—Skin Diseases |||
| 46. | Non-Specific, Bacterial, and Fungous Skin Diseases, etc. | 861 ​ |
| Section VII.—Ackee Poisoning |||
| 47. | The Vomiting Sickness of Jamaica | 909 |
| Section VIII.—Local Diseases of Uncertain Nature |||
| 48. | Craw-Craw—Chappa—Climatic Bubo—Goundou—Juxta-Articular Nodules—Ainhum—Big Heel—Onyalai | 911 |
| Appendix |||
| Some of the Commoner Parasitic Protozoa of Vertebrates and Invertebrates | Some of the Commoner Parasitic Protozoa of Vertebrates and Invertebrates | 924 |
| INDEX | INDEX | 951 |
LIST OF PLATES
| Pellagra: An English Case (Colour) | Frontispiece | Frontispiece |
| facing page |||
| Plate 1 (Colour) | Plate 1 (Colour) | 58 |
| Malaria Parasites. |||
| Plate 2 (Colour) | Plate 2 (Colour) | 64 |
| Malaria Parasites. |||
| Plate 3 (Colour) | Plate 3 (Colour) | 192 |
| Lamus megistus. |||
| Plate 4 (Colour) | Plate 4 (Colour) | 198 |
| Tse-tse Flies. |||
| Plate 5 (Colour) | Plate 5 (Colour) | 208 |
| Parasites of Kala-azar and Oriental Sore. |||
| Plate 6 (Colour) | Plate 6 (Colour) | 246 |
| Ticks (Females). |||
| Plate 7 (Colour) | Plate 7 (Colour) | 274 |
| Stegomyia calopus (fasciata). |||
| Plate 8 | Plate 8 | 510 |
| Microscopical Section of the Large Intestine in Bacillary Dysentery. |||
| Plate 9 (Colour) | Plate 9 (Colour) | 552 |
| Sprue Tongue, Acute and Chronic Stages. ​ |||
| Plate 10 (Colour) | Plate 10 (Colour) | 680 |
| Microfilariæ of the Blood. |||
| Plate 11 (Colour) | Plate 11 (Colour) | 684 |
| Distinguishing Features Between mf. bancrofti and mf. loa in Stained Specimens. |||
| Plate 12 (Colour) | Plate 12 (Colour) | 690 |
| Stegomyia pseudoscutellaris. |||
| Plate 13 | Plate 13 | 744 |
| Terminal-Spined Egg of Schistosomum hæmatobium. Lateral-Spined Egg of Schistosomum Mansoni. |||
| Plate 14 | Plate 14 | 758 |
| Schistosomum japonicum in Vessels of Mesentery. Eggs of Schistosomum japonicum embedded in Walls of Appendix Vermiformis. |||
| Plate 15 | Plate 15 | 888 |
| Tinea Imbricata. |||
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
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