OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Dixon, Joshua

​DIXON, JOSHUA, M.D. (d. 1825), biographer, an Englishman by birth, took the degree of M.D. in the university of Edinburgh in 1768, on which occasion he read an inaugural dissertation, 'De Febre Nervosa.' He practised his profession at Whitehaven, where he died on 7 Jan. 1825. He wrote several useful tracts and essays, acknowledged and anonymous, but his chief work is 'The Literary Life of William Brownrigg, M.D., F.R.S., to which are added an account of the Coal Mines near Whitehaven: and observations on the means of preventing Epidemic Fevers,' Whitehaven, 1801, 8vo.
[Gent. Mag. 1825, i. 185; Biog. Dict. of Living Authors (1816), 96; Cat. of Printed Books in Brit. Mus.]
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Dixon, Joseph

​DIXON, JOSEPH, D.D. (1806–1866), Irish catholic prelate, born at Cole Island, near Dungannon, county Tyrone, on 2 Feb. 1806, entered the Royal College of St. Patrick, Maynooth, in 1822. He was ordained priest in 1829, and after holding the office of dean in the college for five years was promoted to the professorship of Sacred Scripture and Hebrew. On the translation of Dr. Paul Cullen [q. v.] to Dublin he was chosen to succeed him as archbishop of Armagh and primate of all Ireland. His appointment by propaganda, 28 Sept. 1852, was confirmed by the pope on 3 Oct., and he was consecrated on 21 Nov. He died at Armagh on 29 April 1866.
He was the author of: 1. ‘A General Introduction to the Sacred Scriptures in a series of dissertations, critical, hermeneutical, and historical,’ 2 vols. 8vo, Dublin, 1852. A review by Cardinal Wiseman of this learned work appeared in 1853 under the title of ‘The Catholic Doctrine of the Use of the Bible.’ 2. ‘The Blessed Cornelius, or some Tidings of an Archbishop of Armagh who went to Rome in the twelfth century and did not return [here identified with Saint Concord], prefaced by a brief narrative of a visit to Rome, &c., in 1854,’ Dublin, 1855, 8vo.
[Brady's Episcopal Succession, i. 232; Tablet, 6 May 1866, p. 278; Cat. of Printed Books in Brit. Mus.; Freeman's Journal, 30 April and 3 May 1866; Catholic Directory of Ireland (1867), p. 421.
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Dixon, John (d.1715)

Matthew Dixon in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography., date of death 1710, but the ODNB explains that "John Dixon" is an artefact of confusion by early art historians.
​DIXON, JOHN (d. 1715), miniature and crayon painter, a pupil of Sir Peter Lely, was appointed by William III ‘keeper of the king's picture closet,’ and in 1698 was concerned in a bubble lottery. The whole sum was to be 40,000l., divided into 1,214 prizes, the highest prize in money 3,000l., the lowest 20l. This affair turned out a great failure, and Dixon, falling in debt, removed for security from St. Martin's Lane, where he lived, to King's Bench Walk in the Temple, and afterwards to a small estate at Thwaite, near Bungay in Suffolk, where he died in 1715. The two following pictures by Dixon were sold at the Strawberry Hill sale: a miniature of the Lady Anne Clifford, daughter and heiress to George, earl of Cumberland, first married to Richard, earl of Dorset, and afterwards to Philip, earl of Pembroke and Montgomery; and a portrait of Queen Henrietta Maria, with a landscape background.
L. F.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Dixon, William Henry

​DIXON, WILLIAM HENRY (1783–1854), clergyman and antiquary, son of the Rev. Henry Dixon, vicar of Wadworth in the deanery of Doncaster, was born at that place on 2 Nov. 1783. His mother was half-sister to the poet Mason, whose estates came into his possession, together with various interesting manuscripts by Mason and Gray, some of which are now preserved in the York Minster Library. Dixon attended the grammar schools of Worsborough and Houghton-le-Spring, and in 1801 matriculated at Pembroke College, Cambridge. In January 1805 he graduated B.A., proceeding M.A. in 1809, and in 1807 entered into orders. His first curacy was at Tickhill, and he successively held the benefices of Mappleton, Wistow, Cawood, Topcliffe, and Sutton-on-the-Forest. He became prebendary of Weighton in 1825, canon-residentiary of York in 1831, canon of Ripon in 1836, rector of Etton, and vicar of Bishopthorpe. He also acted as domestic chaplain to two archbishops of York. In all his offices he worthily did his duty, and endeared himself to his acquaintance. He had ample means, which he spent without stint, and he left memorials of his munificence in nearly all the parishes named.
He was elected a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries 31 May 1821. In 1839 he published two occasional sermons, and in 1848 wrote ‘Synodus Eboracensis; or a short account of the Convocation of the Province of York, with reference to the recent charge of Archdeacon Wilberforce,’ 8vo. For many years he worked assiduously in extending and shaping James Torre's manuscript annals of the members of the cathedral of York. On the death of Dixon at York in February 1854 the publication of his ‘Fasti’ was projected as a memorial of the author, and the manuscript was placed in the hands of the Rev. James Raine, who, after spending nearly ten years in ​further researches, published a first volume of ‘Fasti Eboracenses; Lives of the Archbishops of York’ (1863, 8vo), which includes the first forty-four primates of the northern province, ending with John de Thoresby, 1373. This learned and valuable work is almost wholly written by Canon Raine, the materials left by Dixon being inadequate. The remainder of the work, for which Dixon's manuscript collections are more full, has not yet appeared.
C. W. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Farmery, John

​FARMERY, JOHN, M.D. (d. 1590), physician, a native of Lincolnshire, matriculated as a pensioner of King's College, Cambridge, in November 1561 (B.A. 1564–5, M.A. 1568). He seems to have practised medicine in London, as an empiric, with powerful patrons. The College of Physicians was induced to license him on 4 Feb. 1586–7, and admitted him a candidate 22 Feb. following, and fellow 28 Feb. 1588–9, with an injunction to proceed M.D. within two years. In September 1589 he graduated M.D. at Leyden, after receiving letters testimonial from the London college. In 1589 also he was directed by the college to draw up, with Drs. Atslowe, Browne, and Preest, the formulæ of syrups, juleps, and decoctions, for the ‘Pharmacopœia.’ He died in the spring of 1590. In his will (P. C. C. 23, Drury), dated 15 March and proved 7 April 1590, he described himself as living in ‘Alderbert strete’ in the parish of St. Mary Aldermanbury, and desired to be buried in his parish church. By his wife, Anne, he had two daughters, Mary and Elizabeth. His widow afterwards married (license dated 26 Feb. 1592–3) Edward Lister, M.D. (d. 1620), and was buried in the church of St. Mary Aldermanbury, 11 Dec. 1613. Farmery was a Roman catholic. His friend ​Richard Smith, M.D., was ‘supraveisor’ of his will. He is conjectured (Cooper, Athenæ Cant. ii. 98) to have been the author of ‘A Methode of Measuringe and Surveyinge of Land; published by J. F., practitioner in physick,’ licensed to Thomas Woodcocke 13 Oct. 1589 (Arber, Registers, ii. 249). A book, ‘Perpetuall and kindelie pronosticacons of the change of tymes, taken out of old and newe aucthors,’ ‘to be printed in Italian, Frenche, and Englishe,’ and licensed to John Wolfe 7 Jan. 1590–1 (ib. ii. 269 b), has also been attributed to Farmery. Ames (Typogr. Antiq. ed. Herbert, p. 1177) wrongly describes the latter work as ‘Perpetuall Prognostication of the—Weather—by I. F.’ It is very doubtful if Farmery was concerned with it.
[Cooper's Athenæ Cantabrigienses, ii. 98; Munk's Coll. of Phys. i. 96–7, 98, 104; Chester's London Marriage Licenses (Foster), p. 848; information kindly supplied by Mr. Gordon Goodwin.]
C. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Farnaby, Giles

​FARNABY, GILES (fl. 1598), composer, was of the family of Farnaby of Truro, and is said to have been related to Thomas Farnaby, the schoolmaster [q. v.] He took the degree of Mus.B. at Oxford on 7 July 1592, having at that time studied the faculty of music for twelve years (Wood, MS. Notes, Bodleian). He harmonised nine tunes for the ‘Whole Book of Psalms’ published in this year by Thomas East. Six years afterwards appeared his only published work, ‘Canzonets to Foure Voyces, with a Song of eight parts. Compiled by Giles Farnaby, Bachilar of Musicke. London. Printed by Peter Short, dwelling on Bradstreet Hill at the signe of the Star, mdxcviii.’ The set of part books was dedicated to ‘the Right Worshipfull Maister Ferdinando Heaburn, Governor of her Maiesties Privie Chamber.’ Commendatory verses by Anto. Holborne, John Dowland, R. Alison, and Hu. Holland are prefixed. The first canzonet, ‘My lady's collored cheeks,’ has been edited by Mr. T. Oliphant, as ‘A nosegay of spring flowers,’ and No. 20, ‘Construe my meaning,’ by Mr. W. B. Squire. The latter is especially interesting on account of the boldness of its chromatic treatment. No. 4, ‘Daphne on the Rainebowe,’ was arranged by the composer for the virginals. It appears, together with forty-seven other compositions for the same instrument, and two settings by Farnaby of works by Robert Johnson, in the book known as ‘Queen Elizabeth's Virginal Book’ in the Fitzwilliam Museum at Cambridge. The style of the pieces is very florid, resembling that of Bull. Three consecutive pieces are called ‘Farnaby's Dream,’ ‘His Rest,’ and ‘His Humour.’ Four compositions by a son of Giles Farnaby, named Richard, are contained in the same volume. Nothing more is known of his biography. Add. MS. 29427 contains two single parts of an anthem for six voices, ‘O my sonne Absolon.’
[Grove's Dict. i. 507, iv. 308–10; Burney's Hist. iii. 112; Wood's Athenæ Oxon., Fasti, ii. 257, MS. Notes in Bodleian.]
J. A. F. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Farnborough, Lord (1761-1838)

​FARNBOROUGH, Lord (1761–1838). [See Long, Charles.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Farnworth, Richard

​FARNWORTH, RICHARD (d. 1666), quaker, was born in the north of England, and appears to have been a labouring man. In 1651 he attended the quaker yearly meeting at Balby in Yorkshire, where he resided, when he was convinced by the preaching of George Fox, and, joining the Friends, became a minister. For some time he seems to have attached himself to Fox, with whom he visited Swarthmore in 1652. During this year he interrupted a congregation at a church in or near Wakefield, but was permitted to leave without molestation. In 1655 he was put out of a church in Worcester for asking a question of Richard Baxter, who was preaching, and in the same year was imprisoned at Banbury for not raising his hat to the mayor. He was offered his release if he would pay the gaoler's fees, which he refused to do on the ground that his imprisonment was illegal, when he was offered the oath of abjuration, and on his declining to take it was committed to prison for six months. The latter part of his life was spent in ministerial journeys. He died in the parish of St. Thomas Apostle, London, on 29 June 1666, of fever. Sewel says he ‘was a man of notable gifts,’ and he was certainly one of the most eloquent, patient, and successful of the early quaker ministers. He wrote a very large number of tracts, which enjoyed a wide popularity during his lifetime, but his works have never been collected. The chief are:
* ‘A Discovery of Truth and Falsehood, discovered by the Light of God in the Inward Parts,’ &c., 1653.
* ‘The Generall Good, to all People,’ &c., ‘with God's covenanting with his people,’ 1653.
* ‘An Easter Reckoning, or a Freewill Offering,’ &c. (part by Thomas Adams), 1653.
* ‘Light Risen out of Darkness Now in these Latter Days,’ 1653.
* ‘Truth Cleared of Scandals, or Truth lifting up its Head above Scandals,’ &c., 1654.
* ‘The Ranters' Principles,’ 1655.
* ‘Witchcraft cast out from the religious seed and Israel of God,’ 1655.
* ‘The Brazen serpent lifted up on high,’ 1655.
* ‘Antichrist's Man of War, apprehended and encountered withal by a Soulder of the Armie of the Lamb,’ &c., 1655.
* ‘The Holy Scriptures from Scandal are cleared,’ 1655.
* ‘The Pure Language of the Spirit of Truth.’
* ‘A True Testimony against the Pope's Wages,’ &c., 1656.
* ‘Christian Tolleration, or simply and singly to meet upon the Account of Religion, really to Worship,’ &c., 1664.
[Sewel's Hist. of the Rise, &c., of the Society of Friends, ed. 1833, i. 119, ii. 338; Besse's Sufferings, i. 564, ii. 60; Wale's Last Testimony of Richard Farnworth, 1667; Fox's Autobiography, ed. 1765, pp. 118, 129, 180; Smith's Cat. of Friends' Books, i. 585–93; Gough's Hist. of the Quakers, i. 285; Tuke's Biographical Memoirs of Society of Friends, vol. ii.]
A. C. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Farnborough, Lord (1815-1886)

​FARNBOROUGH, Lord. [See May, Sir Thomas Erskine 1815–1886.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Farneworth, Ellis

​FARNEWORTH, ELLIS (d. 1763), translator, was born probably at Bonsall or Bonteshall, Derbyshire, of which place his father, Ellis Farneworth, was rector. He was taught first at Chesterfield school under William Burrow, and afterwards at Eton. He then proceeded to Cambridge, matriculating as a member of Jesus College 17 Dec. 1730. In 1734 he took his degree of B.A., and in 1738 that of M.A. In 1755 he was acting as curate to John Fitzherbert, vicar of Ashbourne, Derbyshire; but on 27 Dec. 1758 he became vicar of Rostherne, Cheshire, by the influence of William Fitzherbert of Tissington, Derbyshire, brother of his former vicar (Ormerod, Cheshire, i. 343). In October 1762 he was instituted to the rectory of Carsington, Derbyshire, at the instance of his friend, the Hon. James Yorke, dean of Lincoln. There he died 25 March 1763.
He published the following translations:
* ‘The Life of Pope Sixtus the Fifth … in which is included the state of England, France, Spain, Italy, &c., at that time … translated from the Italian of Gregorio Leti, with a preface, prolegomena, notes, and appendix,’ fol., London, 1754; another edition, 8vo, Dublin, 1779.
* ‘The History of the Civil Wars of France … a new translation from the Italian of Davila (anecdotes relating to the Author, chiefly from the Italian of A. Zeno),’ 2 vols. 4to, London, 1758.
* ‘The Works of Nicholas Machiavel … newly translated from the originals; illustrated with notes, anecdotes, dissertations, and the life of Machiavel … and several new plans on the art of war,’ 2 vols. 4to, London, 1762; 2nd edit., corrected, 4 vols. 8vo, London, 1775.
To Farneworth was also attributed ‘A Short History of the Israelites; with an account of their Manners, Customs, Laws, Polity, and Religion. … Translated from the French of Abbé Fleury,’ 8vo, London, 1756; but it was only by the kindness of Thomas Bedford [q. v.], second son of Hilkiah Bedford [q. v.], who gave him the translation, in hopes that he might be enabled to raise a few pounds by it, as he was then very poor and the only support of his two sisters. None indeed of his works appear to have been profitable, although his translation of Macchiavelli, which he literally ‘hawked round the town,’ was afterwards in request. On one occasion John Addenbrooke, dean of Lichfield, strongly recommended him to translate Sir John Spelman's ‘Life of Alfred’ from the Latin into English, and Farneworth was about to begin when Samuel Pegge luckily heard of it, and sent him word that the ‘Life of Alfred’ was originally written in English and thence translated into Latin. Under the pseudonym of ‘Philopyrphagus Ashburniensis’ Farneworth contributed a humorous account of Powell, the fire-eater, to the ‘Gentleman's Magazine’ for February 1755 (xxv. 59–61).
[Nichols's Lit. Anecd. ii. 391–3; Chalmers's Biog. Dict. xiv. 127–8; Watt's Bibl. Brit. i. 357 i.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Farnborough, Lady

​FARNBOROUGH, Lady (1772–1837). [See Long, Amelia.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Durham, Joseph

​DURHAM, JOSEPH (1814–1877), sculptor, born in London in 1814, was apprenticed to John Francis, decorative carver; afterwards worked for three years in the studio of E. H. Bailey, R.A. [q. v.], and exhibited his first piece of sculpture in the Royal Academy in 1835. His busts of Jenny Lind (1848) and of Queen Victoria (1856) attracted much attention. A statue by him of Sir Francis Crossley was erected at Halifax. He executed four statues for the portico of London University in Burlington Gardens, and the stone effigy of the prince consort set up in 1863 in the gardens of the Royal Horticultural Society at Kensington as a memorial of the Great Exhibition of 1851. One of his finest works was a ‘Leander and the Syren,’ exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1875. His statues entitled ‘Hermione’ and ‘Alastor’ were purchased for the Mansion House. He became an associate of the Royal Academy in 1866, and died, after much suffering, in London on 27 Oct. 1877. Between 1835 and 1878 one hundred and twenty-six pieces of sculpture by Durham were exhibited at the Royal Academy, and six at the British Institution. He was especially noted for his figures of boys engaged in athletic exercises, like football, cricket, racing, and boating. But though his work was always graceful, it showed no signs of great genius.
[Redgrave's Dict. of English Artists; Athenæum, 3 Nov. 1877, pt. ii. p. 571; Academy, 3 Nov. 1877, pt. ii. p. 439; Graves's Dict. of Artists.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Durell, David

​DURELL, DAVID (1728–1775), divine, was a native of Jersey, where he was born in 1728. He took the degree of M.A. 20 June 1753 as a member of Pembroke College, Oxford, and afterwards became fellow, and eventually in 1757 principal, of Hertford College. He became B.D. 23 April 1760, and D.D. 14 Jan. 1764. The only ecclesiastical preferments he held were the vicarage of Ticehurst in Sussex and a prebend in Canterbury Cathedral, to which he was appointed 27 Jan. 1767. Considerable extracts from his works, which it is not thought worth while to insert here, may be seen in the second edition of Kippis's ‘Biographia Britannica.’ From one of these it appears that he was an ardent advocate for a new translation of the Bible which should be an improvement on the authorised version of 1611. He had lent money for the building of the Oxford market, the interest of which, amounting to 20l. a year, he appointed half to be given to the principal of Hertford College, and the other half to the two senior fellows, with the condition that if there should be but one senior fellow, he should receive one-third of the sum and the principal two-thirds. He served the office of vice-chancellor of the university of Oxford in 1765–6 and 1767, and in the beginning of 1767 was appointed to a prebendal stall in Canterbury. He died 19 Oct. 1775, aged 47. He published the following works:
* ‘The Hebrew Text of the Parallel Prophecies of Jacob and Moses relating to the Twelve Tribes, with a Translation and Notes and the various Lectures of near forty MSS. To which are added: (1) The Samaritan-Arabic Version of those Passages, and part of another Arabic Version made from the Samaritan Text, neither of which have been before printed; (2) A Map of the Land of Promise; (3) An Appendix containing Four Dissertations on points connected with the Subjects of these Prophecies,’ Oxford, 1763, 4to.
* ‘Critical Remarks on the Books of Job, Proverbs, Psalms, Ecclesiastes, and Canticles,’ Oxford, 1772, 4to. Both works were reviewed critically in the ‘Monthly Review,’ vols. xlvii. and xxx. respectively.
[Wood's Hist. and Antiq. of Oxford (Gutch), 1786, 4to, and Appendix, 1790; Cat. of Oxford, Graduates; Monthly Review.]
N. P.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jones, Thomas (1618-1665)

​JONES, THOMAS (1618–1665), civilian, born in 1618, was the son of Edward Jones of Nanteos, Cardiganshire, by his wife Margaret, daughter of James Lewis of Abernantbychan. He graduated B.A. from Oriel College, Oxford, 12 Feb. 1638–9, was the same year elected probationer fellow of Merton, proceeded M.A. 4 June 1644, and B.C.L. and D.C.L. on 18 May 1659. In 1647 he travelled in France and Italy as tutor to George, son of Sir Nathaniel Brent [q. v.], but returned ‘unfortunate as to his charge,’ and submitted to the parliamentary visitors on 6 Aug. 1649. In 1660–1 Jones unsuccessfully petitioned Charles II for confirmation in the professorship of laws which he held as deputy of Dr. Zouch, then recently dead. He urged that he had studied for several years at foreign universities, and his petition was supported by Brian Duppa, bishop of Winchester, and Dr. Thomas Clayton (Cal. State Papers, Dom. Charles II).
Jones is abused as a ‘knave and rogue’ by Wood, who was like himself a member of Merton College, for supporting the election of Dr. (afterwards Sir) Thomas Clayton [q. v.], ‘a stranger,’ as warden in 1661. According to Wood, Clayton when in office disappointed Jones of promised preferments, and his mind consequently gave way. In 1662–3 he retired to London to follow the profession of the law at Doctors' Commons, but being unsuccessful his mental derangement grew. He died of the plague in the autumn of 1665. Wood gloated over Jones's derangement, death, and unceremonious burial.
Jones was a good Greek and Hebrew scholar, and was the author of ‘Prolusiones Academicæ, seu recitationes solemnes in Titulum De Judiciis: Item theses de origine dominii et servitutis; cum oratione inaugurali,’ 3 parts, Oxford, 1660, 8vo.
[Bliss's Athenæ Oxon., Life of Wood, vol. i. pp. xlii–l, iii. 707–9; Brodrick's Memorials of Merton College, pp. 110–12, 288; Burrows's Reg. of Visitors, p. 83; Meyrick's Cardiganshire, p. 402; Cat. of Bodl. Libr. Oxford.]
D. Ll. T.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jones, Theophilus (1758-1812)

​JONES, THEOPHILUS (1758–1812), historian of Brecknockshire, born on 18 Oct. 1758, was son of Hugh Jones, successively vicar of Llangammarch and Llywell, Brecknockshire, and a prebendary of the collegiate church of Brecon. For many years he practised as a solicitor in Brecon, but upon being appointed deputy-registrar of the archdeaconry of Brecon, he disposed of his business that he might have the requisite leisure for the compilation of his ‘History of the County of Brecknock,’ 2 vols. 4to, Brecknock, 1805–1809, a model of its kind. He also published a few antiquarian communications to magazines, and two papers in the ‘Cambrian Register.’ It was his intention, had health permitted, to write a history of Radnorshire, and he began a translation of Ellis Wynn's romance, ‘Gweledigaethau y Bardd Cwsg,’ or ‘Visions of the Sleeping Bard.’ A letter by him on the Donne family appears in ‘Notes and Queries,’ 2nd ser. p. 241. He died on 15 Jan. 1812, and was buried in the church of Llangammarch.
[Williams's Eminent Welshmen, 1852, p. 261.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jones, Samuel (d.1732)

​JONES, SAMUEL (d. 1732), poet, has, from the fact that in the dedication of his ‘Poetical Miscellanies’ to Hugh Machell of Crackenthorpe Hall, Appleby, he subscribed himself ‘your obedient son,’ been assumed to be a natural child of that gentleman. Jones was a clerk and afterwards from 1709 to 1731 queen's searcher in the custom house of Whitby. Besides the ‘Poetical Miscellanies,’ which were published by Curll in 1714, he wrote ‘Whitby; a Poem occasioned by Mr. Andrew Long's Recovery from the Jaundice by drinking of Whitby Spaw Waters,’ 1718, 8vo. No copy of this last work is known to ​be extant, and its complete disappearance has excited some curiosity among book collectors and local antiquaries (cf. Notes and Queries, 4th ser. iii. 506, iv. 346; Whitby Repository, September 1867). According to Nichols's ‘Illustrations’ (iii. 787), Jones's writings were much commended in his day. But the ‘Miscellanies,’ a copy of which is in the British Museum, hardly justifies favourable criticism. Jones died at his house in Grape Lane, Whitby, and was buried in the parish church of St. Mary on 24 Dec. 1732.
[Gent. Mag. 1828, pt. ii. p. 19; Gough's Topogr. ii. 449; Gent's Hist. of Hull (Addenda); Charlton's Hist. of Whitby.]
T. S.