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# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume III/Anti-Marcion/Against Hermogenes/II

Chapter II.—Hermogenes, After a Perverse Induction from Mere Heretical Assumptions, Concludes that God Created All Things Out of Pre-Existing Matter.
Our very bad painter has coloured this his primary shade absolutely without any light, with such arguments as these: He begins with laying down the premiss, that the Lord made all things either out of Himself, or out of nothing, or out of something; in order that, after he has shown that it was impossible for Him to have made them either out of Himself or out of nothing, he might thence affirm the residuary proposition that He made them out of something, and therefore that that something was Matter. He could not have made all things, he says, of Himself; because whatever things the Lord made of Himself would have been parts of Himself; but He is not dissoluble into parts, because, being the Lord, He is indivisible, and unchangeable, and always the same. Besides, if He had made anything out of Himself, it would have been something of Himself. Everything, however, both which was made and which He made must be accounted imperfect, because it was made of a part, and He made it of a part; or if, again, it was a whole which He made, who is a whole Himself, He must in that case have been at once both a whole, and yet not a whole; because it behoved Him to be a whole, that He might produce Himself, and yet not a whole, that He might be produced out of Himself. But this is a most difficult position. For if He were in existence, He could not be made, for He was in existence already; if, however, he were not in existence He could not make, because He was a nonentity. He maintains, moreover, that He who always exists, does not come into existence, but exists for ever and ever. He accordingly concludes that He made nothing out of Himself, since He never passed into such a condition as made it possible for Him to make anything out of Himself. In like manner, he contends that He could not have made all things out of nothing—thus:  He defines the Lord as a being who is good, nay, very good, who must will to make things as good and excellent as He is Himself; indeed it were impossible for Him either to will or to make anything which was not good, nay, very good itself. Therefore all things ought to have been made good and excellent by Him, after His own condition. Experience shows, however, that things which are even evil were made by Him: not, of course, of His own will and pleasure; because, if it had been of His own will and pleasure, He would be sure to have made nothing unfitting or unworthy of Himself. That, therefore, which He made not of His own will must be understood to have been made from the fault of something, and that is from Matter, without a doubt.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Præstruens.
* ↑ Porro.
* ↑ In partes non devenire.
* ↑ Ut faceret semetipsum.
* ↑ Ut fieret de semetipso.
* ↑ Non fieri.
* ↑ Non ejus fieret conditionis.
* ↑ Inveniri.
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume III/Anti-Marcion/Against Hermogenes/IX

Chapter IX.—Sundry Inevitable But Intolerable Conclusions from the Principles of Hermogenes.
He cannot say that it was as its Lord that God employed Matter for His creative works, for He could not have been the Lord of a substance which was co-equal with Himself. Well, but perhaps it was a title derived from the will of another, which he enjoyed—a precarious holding, and not a lordship, and that to such a degree, that although Matter was evil, He yet endured to make use of an evil substance, owing, of course, to the restraint of His own limited power, which made Him impotent to create out of nothing, not in consequence of His power; for if, as God, He had at all possessed power over Matter which He knew to be evil, He would first have converted it into good—as its Lord and the good God—that so He might have a good thing to make use of, instead of a bad one. But being undoubtedly good, only not the Lord withal, He, by using such power as He possessed, showed the necessity He was under of yielding to the condition of Matter, which He would have amended if He had been its Lord. Now this is the answer which must be given to Hermogenes when he maintains that it was by virtue of His Lordship that God used Matter—even of His non-possession of any right to it, on the ground, of course, of His not having Himself made it. Evil then, on your terms, must proceed from God Himself, since He is—I will not say the Author of evil, because He did not form it, but—the permitter thereof, as having dominion over it. If indeed Matter shall prove not even to belong to God at all, as being evil, it follows, that when He made use of what belonged to another, He used it either on a precarious title because He was in need of it, or else by violent possession because He was stronger than it. For by three methods is the property of others obtained,—by right, by permission, by violence; in other words, by lordship, by a title derived from the will of another, by force. Now, as lordship is out of the question, Hermogenes must choose which (of the other methods) is suitable to God. Did He, then, make all things out of Matter, by permission, or by force? But, in truth, would not God have more wisely determined that nothing at all should be created, than that it should be created by the mere sufferance of another, or by violence, and that, too, with a substance which was evil?

## Footnotes

* ↑ We have rather paraphrased the word “precario”—“obtained by prayer.” [See p. 456.]
* ↑ Domino: opposed to “precario.”
* ↑ Ideo…ut.
* ↑ Mediocritatis.
* ↑ Tali: i.e. potestate.
* ↑ Jam ergo: introducing an argumentum ad hominem against Hermogenes.
* ↑ Quia dominator.
* ↑ Ergo.
* ↑ Aut precario: “as having begged for it.”
* ↑ Precario: See above, note 2, p. 482.
* ↑ De is often in Tertullian the sign of an instrumental noun.
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume II/Title Page

THE
ANTE-NICENE FATHERS
TRANSLATIONS OF
The Writings of the Fathers down to a.d. 325
The Rev. Alexander Roberts, D.D.,
AND
James Donaldson, LL.D.,
EDITORS
AMERICAN REPRINT OF THE EDINBURGH EDITION
revised and chronologically arranged, with brief prefaces and occasional notes
BY
A. CLEVELAND COXE, D.D.
VOLUME II
FATHERS OF THE SECOND CENTURY:
HERMAS, TATIAN, ATHENAGORAS, THEOPHILUS, AND CLEMENT OF ALEXANDRIA (ENTIRE)
Τὰ ἀρχαια ἔθη κρατείτω. The Nicene Council.
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume III

See Ante-Nicene Fathers for details of authorship.

## Contents

* Title Page
* Second Title Page
* Preface
* Apologetic
** Title Page
** Introductory Note
** Apology
** On Idolatry
** The Shows, or De Spectaculis
** The Chaplet, or De Corona
** To Scapula
** Ad Nationes
** An Answer to the Jews
** The Soul's Testimony
** A Treatise on the Soul
* Anti-Marcion
** Title Page
** Introduction, by the American Editor
** The Prescription Against Heretics
** The Five Books Against Marcion
** Against Hermogenes
** Against the Valentinians
** On the Flesh of Christ
** On the Resurrection of the Flesh
** Against Praxeas
** Scorpiace
** Appendix: Against All Heresies
* Ethical
** Title Page
** On Repentance
** On Baptism
** On Prayer
** Ad Martyras
** The Passion of the Holy Martyrs Perpetua and Felicitas
** On Patience
* Indexes [not included]
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume III/Anti-Marcion
## Contents

* Title Page
* Introduction, by the American Editor
* The Prescription Against Heretics
* The Five Books Against Marcion
* Against Hermogenes
* Against the Valentinians
* On the Flesh of Christ
* On the Resurrection of the Flesh
* Against Praxeas
* Scorpiace
* Appendix: Against All Heresies
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Roßtäuscher

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Roßtäuscher | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Roßtäuscher, m., ‘horse-dealer,’ from the equiv. MidHG. rostûscher, rostiuscher, m. (see tauschen), retains the orig. sense of the old word Roß.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Roß

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Roß | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Roß (1.), n., ‘horse, steed,’ from MidHG. and OHG. ros (gen. rosses), n., ‘horse,’ espec. ‘charger,’ for earlier *hrossa-; comp. OSax. hross, Du. ros, AS. hors, E. horse, OIc. hross, n., ‘horse.’ Goth. *hrussa- is wanting, the term used being OAryan aíhwa- (OSax. ëhu, AS. eoh, OIc. jór), equiv. to Lat. equus, Gr. ἵππος, Sans. áçva-s (Lith. aszvà, ‘mare’). In MidHG. the term Pferd appears; Roß is still used almost exclusively in UpG. with the general sense of ‘horse.’ From the Teut. cognates is derived the Rom. term, Fr. rosse, ‘sorry horse, jade,’ The origin of Teut. hrussa- is uncertain; as far as the meaning is concerned, it may be compared, as is usually done, with Lat. currere for *curs-ere, *cṛs-ere, root kṛs, ‘to run,’ or with the Sans. root kûrd, ‘to leap,’ with which OIc. hress, ‘quick,’ may also be connected. For another derivation see rüsten —
​ Roß (2.), n., ‘honeycomb,’ from the equiv. MidHG. râȥ, râȥe, f.; OHG. *râȥa is by chance not recorded; corresponding to OLG. râta, ‘favus,’ Du. raat, f., ‘virgin honey’; undoubtedly a genuine Teut. term. The derivation from Lat. radius is unfounded; OFr. raie de miel (from raie, ‘ray,’ radius) is due to the influence of the Teut. word, in Goth. *rêta, f., which cannot, however, be traced farther back.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Rotwelsch

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Rotwelsch | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Rotwelsch, ‘jargon, cant,’ from MidHG. rôtwalsch, ‘sharpers' language, gibberish,’ allied to rôt, ‘red-haired, deceptive’? rôt, ​‘false, cunning,’ frequently occurs in MidHG.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Rosine

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Rosine | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Rosine, f., ‘raisin,’ from the equiv. late MidHG. rôsîne (rasin), f.; the latter, like MidLat. rosina, is a corruption of Fr. raisin (sec, ‘raisin’), which, with Ital. racimolo, ‘bunch of grapes,’ is due to. Lat. racêmus, ‘berry’; comp. further Du. rozijn, razijn, E. raisin.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Rost

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Rost | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Rost (1.), m., ‘grate, gridiron,’ from MidHG. rôst, m., ‘grate, funeral pile, glow, fire,’ OHG. rôst, m., rôsta, f., ‘small gridiron, frying-pan,’ The current derivation from Rohr, in which case we should have to assume ‘iron grating’ as the primit. sense of Rost, does not satisfy the meaning (OHG. rôstpfanna, MidHG. rôstpfannue). Derivative rösten, ‘to roast, broil,’ MidHG. rœsten, OHG. rôsten, ‘to lay on the gridiron, roast’; hence the Rom. cognates, Ital. arrostir, ‘to roast,’ Fr. rôtir, and from this again comes E. to roast.
Rost (2.), m., ‘rust, mildew, blight,’ from MidHG. and OHG. rost, m., ‘rust, aerugo, rubigo’; corresponding to the equiv. OSax. rost, Du. roest, AS. rûst, E. rust (Scotch roost), For Goth. *rū̆sta-, ‘rust,’ nidwa, f., was used. Rost belongs to the Teut. root rū̆d (pre-Teut. rudh), ‘to be red,’ appearing in ModHG. rot. From the same root was formed the equiv. OHG. rosamo, which assumed early in MidHG. the meaning ‘freckle,’ as well as OIc. ryð, n., MidHG. rot, m. and n., OSlov. rŭzda (for rudja), f., Lith. rûdis (rudė́ti, ‘to rust’), Lat. robigo, ‘rust’; also Lett. rûsa, ‘rust,’ rusta, ‘brown colour.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Rotte

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Rotte | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Rotte, f., from the equiv. MidHG. rotte, rote, f., ‘troop, detachment’; borrowed in the MidHG. period from OFr. rote, ‘division of an army, troop,’ whence also E. rout (MidE. route), Du. rot. The OFr. term is derived from MidLat. rutta, rupta; comp. Reuter.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Rotz

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Rotz | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Rotz, m., ‘mucus, snot,’ from the equiv. MidHG. roz, rotz, OHG. roz, earlier hroz, m. and n., formed from a Teut. root hrū̆t (Aryan krud); comp. OHG. rûȥan, AS. hrûtan, ‘to snore, snort,’ OIc. hrjóta. It can scarcely be compared with Gr. κόρυζα, ‘cold, catarrh.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Ruck

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Ruck | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Ruck, m., ‘jerk, tug,’ from MidHG. ruc (gen. ruckes), OHG. ruc (gen. rucches), m., ‘sudden motion, jerk.’—
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Rosmarin

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Rosmarin | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Rosmarin, m., ‘rosemary,’ first occurs in early ModHG., formed from the equiv. Lat. rosmarinus, whence also Du. rozemarijn and MidE. rosmarine, E. rosemary (implying a connection with Mary); the word in ​G. and E. is instinctively connected with Rose, ‘rose.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Rubrik

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Rubrik | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Rubrik, f., ‘rubric,’ from late MidHG. rubrike, f., ‘red ink’, from Fr. rubrique. whence also E. rubric; for Lat. rubrica see Rötel.
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume III/Anti-Marcion/The Five Books Against Marcion/Book III/X

Chapter X.—The Truly Incarnate State More Worthy of God Than Marcion’s Fantastic Flesh.
Therefore, since you are not permitted to resort to any instances of the Creator, as alien from the subject, and possessing special causes of their own, I should like you to state yourself the design of your god, in exhibiting his Christ not in the reality of flesh. If he despised it as earthly, and (as you express it) full of dung, why did he not on that account include the likeness of it also in his contempt? For no honour is to be attributed to the image of anything which is itself unworthy of honour. As the natural state is, so will the likeness be. But how could he hold converse with men except in the image of human substance? Why, then, not rather in the reality thereof, that his intercourse might be real, since he was under the necessity of holding it? And to how much better account would this necessity have been turned by ministering to faith rather than to a fraud! The god whom you make is miserable enough, for this very reason that he was unable to display his Christ except in the effigy of an unworthy, and indeed an alien, thing. In some instances, it will be convenient to use even unworthy things, if they be only our own, as it will also be quite improper to use things, be they ever so worthy, if they be not our own. Why, then, did he not come in some other worthier substance, and especially his own, that he might not seem as if he could not have done without an unworthy and an alien one? Now, since my Creator held intercourse with man by means of even a bush and fire, and again afterwards by means of a cloud and column, and in representations of Himself used bodies composed of the elements, these examples of divine power afford sufficient proof that God did not require the instrumentality of false or even of real flesh. But yet, if we look steadily into the subject, there is really no substance which is worthy of becoming a vestment for God. Whatsoever He is pleased to clothe Himself withal, He makes worthy of Himself—only without untruth. Therefore how comes it to pass that he should have thought the verity of the flesh, rather than its unreality, a disgrace? Well, but he honoured it by his fiction of it. How great, then, is that flesh, the very phantasy of which was a necessity to the superior God!

## Footnotes

* ↑ Stercoribus infersam.
* ↑ A Marcionite argument.
* ↑ Stropham, a player’s trick; so in Spectac. 29.
* ↑ Alienis.
* ↑ Globum.
* ↑ Mendacio.
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume III/Anti-Marcion/The Five Books Against Marcion/Book III/II

Chapter II.—Why Christ’s Coming Should Be Previously Announced.
Coming then at once to the point, I have to encounter the question, Whether Christ ought to have come so suddenly? (I answer, No.) First, because He was the Son of God His Father. For this was a point of order, that the Father should announce the Son before the Son should the Father, and that the Father should testify of the Son before the Son should testify of the Father. Secondly, because, in addition to the title of Son, He was the Sent. The authority, therefore, of the Sender must needs have first appeared in a testimony of the Sent; because none who comes in the authority of another does himself set it forth for himself on his own assertion, but rather looks out for protection from it, for first comes the support of him who gives him his authority. Now (Christ) will neither be acknowledged as Son if the Father never named Him, nor be believed in as the Sent One if no Sender gave Him a commission: the Father, if any, purposely naming Him; and the Sender, if any, purposely commissioning Him. Everything will be open to suspicion which transgresses a rule. Now the primary order of all things will not allow that the Father should come after the Son in recognition, or the Sender after the Sent, or God after Christ. Nothing can take precedence of its own original in being acknowledged, nor in like manner can it in its ordering. Suddenly a Son, suddenly Sent, and suddenly Christ! On the contrary, I should suppose that from God nothing comes suddenly, because there is nothing which is not ordered and arranged by God. And if ordered, why not also foretold, that it may be proved to have been ordered by the prediction, and by the ordering to be divine? And indeed so great a work, which (we may be sure) required preparation, as being for the salvation of man, could not have been on that very account a sudden thing, because it was through faith that it was to be of avail. Inasmuch, then, as it had to be believed in order to be of use, so far did it require, for the securing of this faith, a preparation built upon the foundations of pro-arrangement and fore-announcement. Faith, when informed by such a process, might justly be required of man by God, and by man be reposed in God; it being a duty, after that knowledge has made it a possibility, to believe those things which a man had learned indeed to believe from the fore-announcement.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Hinc denique.
* ↑ As Marcion makes Him.
* ↑ Profiteretur.
* ↑ Patrocinium.
* ↑ Defendit, “insist on it.”
* ↑ Suggestu.
* ↑ Mandator.
* ↑ Dispositione, “its being ordered or arranged.”
* ↑ Parabatur.
* ↑ Per fidem profuturum.
* ↑ Indiceretur.
* ↑ Agnitione.
* ↑ Prædicatione, “prophecy.”
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Zitrone

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Zitrone. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Zitrone, Citrone, feminine, ‘citron,’ Modern High German only, from French citron, which is borrowed from Latin-Greek κίτρον. The origin of the latter word (the East?) is unknown.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Zitter

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Zitter. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Zitter, Zieter, feminine, ‘thill, shaft,’ from the equivalent Middle High German zieter, Old High German ziotar, zieter, masculine and neuter. The latter can hardly represent *ziohtar (allied to ziehen) on account of Anglo-Saxon teóder, English tether, Old Icelandic tjóðr, ‘rope.’ The unintelligible Modern High German word was popularly, but wrongly, connected with zittern (dialectic Zetter, Zitterstange).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Zinnober

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Zinnober. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Zinnober, masculine, ‘cinnabar,’ from the equivalent Middle High German zinober, masculine; formed from Latin-Greek κιννάβαρι, whence also French cinabre.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Zipfel

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Zipfel. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Zipfel, masculine, ‘tip, point, peak, lappet,’ from Middle High German zipfel (zipf), masculine, ‘pointed end, peak’; allied to English and Dutch tip. Zapfen is the only primitively cognate word in Teutonic (Zopf has no connection with Zipfel).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Zirkel

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Zirkel. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Zirkel, masculine, ‘circle, circuit, company, society,’ from Middle High German zirkel, Old High German zirkil, masculine, ‘circle,’ which is again derived from Latin circulus (Italian circolo, French cercle), ‘circle,’ Middle High German and Old High German zirc, ‘circle,’ from Latin circus (Italian circo).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Zistag

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Zistag. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Zistag, see Dienstag.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Zither

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Zither. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Zither, Cither, feminine, ‘guitar, zither’; formed like the equivalent Old High German cithara, zitera, feminine, from the equivalent Latin cithara. Middle High German has only zitôle, feminine, ‘zither,’ from Old French citole, which, like Italian cétera, comes from Latin cîthara. Italian and Spanish guitarra, whence French guitare, Modern High German Guitarre, ‘guitar,’ is, on the other hand, derived from Greek κιθάρα.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Zipperlein

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Zipperlein. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Zipperlein, neuter, ‘gout,’ from late Middle High German (rare) zipperlîn, ‘gout in the feet’; allied to Middle High German zippeltrit, ‘tripping step.’ Zippeln is an onomatopoetic imitation of zappeln.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Zins

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Zins. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Zins, masculine, ‘tribute, rent, (plural) interest,’ from Middle High German and Old High German zins, masculine, ‘duty, tribute.’ Borrowed during the Old High German period (compare Kreuz) from Latin census (Italian censo), ‘census, tax.’ The High German word passed in the form tins into Old Saxon; in Dutch, eijns.