OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Badcock, John

​BADCOCK, JOHN (fl. 1816–1830), a sporting-writer, whose birth and death are alike unknown, published between 1816 and ​1830, under the pseudonyms of 'Jon Bee' and 'John Hinds,' a variety of works on pugilism and the turf. When he issued in 1823 his 'Slang, a Dictionary of the Turf, the Ring, the Chase,' and other similar amusements, the preface to which contains much information on previous compilations in the same field, he described himself as editor of the 'Fancy,' 'Fancy Gazette,' and the 'Living Picture of London.' 'The Fancy, or True Sportsman's Guide; authentic Memoirs of Pugilists,' came out in monthly parts, beginning April 1821, and was sold in two volumes in 1826. The 'Fancy Gazette' was a part of 'The Annals of Sporting and Fancy Gazette,' thirteen volumes of which were published between 1822 and 1828. The 'Living Picture of London' was compiled by Badcock as a guide to its condition in the year 1818, and a similar volume was produced by him in 1828. From a note in the 'Fancy,' i. 330, it appears that the volume entitled 'Letters from London; Observations of a Russian during a residence in England of ten months,' which purported to be a translation from the original manuscript of 'Oloff Napea, ex-officer of cavalry' (1816), was the production of Badcock. His last work under the signature of 'Jon Bee' was an edition of the 'Works of Samuel Foote, with remarks on each play, and an essay on the life, genius, and writings of the author' (1830), 3 vols.; and from some passages in the essay it would seem that Mr. Badcock was connected with Devon or Cornwall, in both of which counties the name is still common. This supposition is corroborated by the fact that in the 'Gentleman's Magazine,' 1819, pt. i. 618-20, pt. ii. 326, there appeared two letters from him announcing his intention of printing the lives of the celebrated natives of Devon since the time of Prince. The volumes which bear the name of 'John Hinds' relate to the stable. The earliest, 'The Veterinary Surgeon, or Farriery taught on a new and easy plan,' was issued in 1827 and 1829, and reissued at Philadelphia in 1848. It was followed by 'Conversations on Conditioning: the Groom's Oracle,' 1829 and 1830. 'Mr. Hinds' was also credited with editing new editions of W. Osmer's 'Treatise on the Horse,' and C. Thompson's 'Rules for Bad Horsemen,' both of which appeared in 1830. This was the last year in which any work that can be attributed to Badcock was published, and he probably died during its course.
W. P. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Badby, John

​BADBY, JOHN (d. 1410), Lollard, was a blacksmith, or, according to other accounts, a tailor in Worcestershire, whose Lollard opinions involved him in the persecution of heresy which marked the clerical reaction on the accession of Henry IV, and the passing of the statute 'de hæretico comburendo.' Badby seems to have been a man of parts, of unflinching courage and resolution, and possessed of both ingenuity and dialectical power. He carried out to extreme rationalistic consequences that denial of transubstantiation which had become characteristic of the more hardy Wycliffites. The host, he maintained, was in no sense the body of Christ, but something inanimate, and less worthy therefore of honour than a toad or a spider, which at least had the gift of life. Such outspoken heresy insured his condemnation before the diocesan court at Worcester; but the case came for final decision, probably by way of appeal, before Archbishop Arundel, in the spring of 1410. Arundel strengthened his court by the addition of numerous ecclesiastical and lay assessors; but Badby's heresy admitted of no doubt. He was condemned and delivered to the secular arm for execution, and met his fate on 1 March at Smithfield. Henry, Prince of Wales, already conspicuous for the fervour of his orthodoxy, was among the spectators, and offered Badby a free pardon if he recanted. The Lollard refused, but his piteous groans after the fire was lighted again excited Henry's hopes of his conversion. He ordered the extinction of the fire, and offered the half-burnt wretch life, liberty, and a pension as the price of conformity. But with unflinching constancy Badby refused. The fire was rekindled, and death soon ended his sufferings. His was the second martyrdom to Lollardy.
T. F. T.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Badew, Richard

1904 Errata appended.
​BADEW, RICHARD (fl. 1320–1330), founder of University Hall, Cambridge, was descended from an ancient and knightly family which appears to have given its name to the manor of Badew or Badow, near Chelmsford, Essex, and whose representatives were owners of the manor in the reigns of the first three Edwards. Richard de Badew married Isabel, daughter of Peter Marshall, by whom he had three sons, William, Edward, and Richard. The last-named was chancellor of the university of Cambridge in the year 1326, and was noted for his zeal in the promotion of learning. It was during his tenure of office that he purchased, most probably on behalf of the university, two tenements in Milne Street, the property of a Cambridge physician named Nigellus de Thornton. And here, according to the tradition preserved by Fuller, 'he built a small college, by the name of University Hall, placing a principal therein, under whom scholars lived on their own expenses.' Scot, however, in his 'Tables of the University,' states that they were maintained at the charges of the university. Sixteen years afterwards the hall was accidentally burnt down, when it was rebuilt and endowed by Elizabeth de Clare, afterwards the wife of John de Burgh, earl of Ulster, its name being changed to Clare Hall.
[Morant's Essex, ii. 19; Fuller's History of the University of Cambridge, ed. Prickett and Wright, 83-4; Cooper's Memorials of Cambridge, i. 28.]
J. B. M.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.12 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
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# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Badeley, Edward Lowth

​BADELEY, EDWARD LOWTH (d. 1868), ecclesiastical lawyer, was the younger son of John Badeley, M.D., near Chelmsford, by Charlotte Brackenbury. He graduated at Brasenose College, Oxford, as B. A. in 1823, being in the second class in classics, and he took his M.A. degree in 1828. In 1841 he was called to the bar as a member of the Inner Temple, and for a short time went the home circuit, but his tastes were for the study of ecclesiastical law, and he was soon employed in solving its intricacies by those who, like himself, were zealous for the spread of tractarian principles. A speech by him in proof of the prohibition of marriage with a deceased wife's sister by Holy Scripture was printed, with Dr. Pusey's evidence before the commission then sitting on the law of marriage, in 1849. When Dr. Phillpotts, ​the Bishop of Exeter, refused to admit the Rev. G. C. Gorham to the vicarage of Brampford Speke on the ground of his unsound doctrine on the sacrament of baptism, Badeley argued the bishop's case before the judicial committee of the privy council, 17 and 18 Dec. 1849; and his speech on this occasion was published as a pamphlet. He gave an opinion in 1851 in favour of the legality of altar lights, which was printed in the 'Morning Chronicle,' April 1851, and was republished in 1866 in connection with their use in the parish church of Falmouth. This opinion was attacked in 1851 in a pamphlet issued 'by a layman, late fellow of Trinity Coll. Camb.' His last tract was in support of 'The Privilege of Religious Confessions in English Courts of Justice,' 1865. In the summer of 1850 Badeley and thirteen other members of the English church, including Cardinal Manning, signed a series of nine resolutions to the effect that the views of the privy council on baptism should be solemnly disowned by the national church; and when no such action was taken Badeley and several of his colleagues withdrew to the Roman communion. In this new association he was much engaged in settling the legal points connected with their trusts and charities. Dr. Newman's collection of 'Verses on various Occasions' (1868) was dedicated to Badeley, with very warm expressions of friendship, in commemoration of their warm attachment and their unanimity of religious opinions. Many letters to and from Badeley are printed in Mr. Robert Ornsby's 'Memoirs of Mr. J. R. Hope-Scott,' 1884. Badeley died 29 March 1868.
[Gent. Mag. v. 688 (1868); Denison's Notes of my Life, pp. 197-9; Ornsby's Memoirs of .J. R. Hope-Scott, passim.]
W. P. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Henry of Abendon

Henry Abingdon in the ODNB.
​HENRY of Abendon (d. 1437), warden of Merton College, Oxford, was presumably a native of Abingdon, Berkshire. He was elected fellow of Merton College in 1390, and was ordained deacon 22 Feb. 1398 by Robert de Braybroke, bishop of London. He was presented to the living of Weston Zoyland, Somerset, in 1403. He became a doctor of divinity, and in 1414 was one of the delegates from the university to the council of Constance, where he defended the claim of Oxford to priority over Salamanca and of England over Spain, in the latter case with success. In 1421 he was elected warden of Merton College. During his wardenship the chapel was completed in 1425 by the addition of the tower and transepts; a new peal of five bells was also provided, partly at his expense, and his name was put on the tenor or great bell; the peal was recast in 1656 (Anthony à Wood, ‘Life,’ p. xxvii, in Bliss's edition of the Athenæ). In December 1432 he received permission to go to the council of Basle as one of the representatives of the clergy (Fœdera, x. 532, orig. ed.). He was a prebendary of Wells, and in 1436 received the vicarage of West Monkton, Somerset. He died towards the end of 1437. Tanner cites Wood as his authority for ascribing to him ‘Quæstiones in primum librum Sententiarum;’ a ‘Replicatio primi libri Sententiarum contra magistrum Henricum de Abyndon de Collegio Merton’ is extant (C. C. C. Oxford MS. 116). Abendon was the donor of Merton College MS. 154, which contains the commentary of Hugh de St. Caro on Ecclesiasticus and a treatise on confession and absolution; he directed it to be chained in the library for the use of the scholars.
[Tanner, Bibl. Brit.-Hib. p. 394; Weaver's Somerset Incumbents; Brodrick's Memorials of Merton College (Oxf. Hist. Soc.); Coxe's Cat. MSS. Coll. Aulisque Oxon. i. 64.]
C. L. K.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Henry of Marlborough

​HENRY of Marlborough or Marleburgh (fl. 1420), annalist, was, from his name, conjectured by Sir James Ware to have been a native of Marlborough in Wiltshire. Henry officiated as a chaplain in Dublin and its vicinity in the reign of Richard II. In the early part of the fifteenth century he was connected with the priory of the Holy Trinity, now Christ Church, Dublin. Under it he held the vicarages of Balscaddan and Donabate in the county of Dublin. Two Latin deeds, concerning house property in Dublin, were executed by Henry of Marleburgh at Dublin, 6 June 1418. The original documents in vellum are in the possession of the writer of the present notice. To them are attached the seal of Henry of Marleburgh, with his initials, and the official seal of the ​Dublin mayoralty. Marleburgh compiled annals of England and Ireland in Latin (in seven books, extending from 1133 to 1421), under the title of ‘Cronica excerpta de medulla diversorum cronicorum, præcipue Ranulphi, monachi Cestrensis, scripta per Henricum de Marleburghe, vicarium de Balischadan, unacum quibusdam capitulis, de cronicis Hiberniæ: Incepta anno Domini 1406, regis Henrici quarti post conquestum septimo.’ The first part is mainly a transcript from previous English writers and Anglo-Irish annalists; the latter and more original portions of the annals, as printed, chiefly deal with affairs of the English settlers in Ireland. Excerpts in Latin from Marleburgh's compilation beginning in 1372 were published by Camden as ‘Descripta e chronicis manuscriptis Henrici de Marleburgh’ (1607). Archbishop Ussher referred to Henry's annals. Sir James Ware, in 1633, published ‘Henry Marleburgh's Chronicle of Ireland,’ fol., and it was reprinted at Dublin in 1809, 8vo. Marleburgh's death is recorded in the old obituary of the congregation of the priory of the Holy Trinity, Dublin, under date of 12 May, but without mention of the year. Manuscript copies of Marleburgh's annals are extant in the Bodleian (excerpts by Ware in MS. Rawlinson, B. 487), British Museum (MS. Cott. Vitellius, E. v. 197), and in the library of Trinity College, Dublin (No. 424 in Bernard's ‘Catalogus MSS. Angl. et Hib.’).
[Patent Rolls, Chancery, Ireland, Richard II, Henry IV, and Henry V; De Scriptoribus Hiberniæ, 1639; Historical Library, by Nicholson, 1724; Writers of Ireland, 1746; Martyrology of Christ Church, Dublin, 1844; Ussher's Works, 1848.]
J. T. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Henry of Scotland

​HENRY of Scotland (1114?–1152), son of David I, king of Scots [q. v.], and his wife Matilda, countess of Northampton, was probably born about 1114. In a treaty between David and the English king Stephen which followed David's invasion of England in 1136, Stephen granted to Henry the earldoms of Carlisle, Doncaster, and Huntingdon. To the last of these Henry's mother, as eldest daughter of Earl Waltheof, had an hereditary claim, as also to the earldom of Northumberland; and Stephen was afterwards said to have at the same time promised that if ever he should decide to re-establish the Northumbrian earl- ​dom he would have the claims of Matilda and her son fairly tried in his court before bestowing it on any other claimant. His refusal of a demand made by David at the close of 1137 for Henry's immediate investiture as Earl of Northumberland was one of the grounds of David's great expedition into Yorkshire in 1138, which ended in the rout of the Scots at the battle of the Standard (22 Aug.). At the opening of the battle Henry commanded the men of Cumberland and Teviotdale, who formed the second division of the Scottish host; at its close he led the remnant of his father's bodyguard in a last desperate charge, and hardly escaped with his life to rejoin his father at Carlisle. Next spring Stephen and David made peace, and Northumberland was granted to Henry. He afterwards accompanied Stephen to the siege of Ludlow, where he was caught and nearly dragged off his horse by a grappling-iron, and only rescued by the strength and bravery of Stephen. During this sojourn in England he fell in love with and married Ada or Adelina, daughter of William de Warren, earl of Surrey (Ordericus Vitalis, ed. Duchesne, Hist. Norm. Scriptt. 918 B; Chron. Mailros, a. 1139). Next year, on another visit to the English court, his life was again in danger, this time from the jealousy of Earl Ranulf of Chester, who claimed his earldom of Carlisle. He died on 12 June 1152 (Chron. S. Crucis Edinb. p. 31, Bannatyne Club). English and Scottish writers with one accord raise a lamentation over his untimely death, and picture him as a model of all that is excellent in a knight, a prince, and a man. Two of his sons, Malcolm and William, became successively kings of Scots; from the third, David, earl of Huntingdon, the houses of Bruce and Balliol inherited in the female line their claims to the crown of Scotland.
[Henry of Huntingdon, ed. Arnold (Rolls Ser.); Richard and John of Hexham, ed. Raine (Surtees Soc.); Æthelred of Rievaux's Relatio de Bello Standardi, in Hist. Angl. Scriptt. Decem, ed. Twysden, and also, with Richard of Hexham, in Chron. of Stephen and Henry II, vol. iii. ed. Howlett (Rolls Ser.)]
K. N.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Henry of Saltrey

​HENRY of Saltrey (fl. 1150), was a Cistercian monk at Saltrey or Sawtrey in Huntingdonshire. From Gilbert of Louth [q. v.] he learnt the story of the alleged descent of the knight Owen to purgatory which he committed to writing in a narrative styled ‘Purgatorium Sancti Patricii,’ and addressed the treatise to Henry, ‘Abbas de Sartis’ (i.e. of Wardon in Bedfordshire). It became extremely popular, and numerous manuscripts exist; it was embodied by Matthew Paris in his ‘Chronica Majora’ (Rolls Ser.), ii. 192–203. Three early metrical translations into French are extant; the first, made by Marie de France early in the thirteenth century, is printed among her poems (ed. Roquefort, vol. ii.); the other two are nearly a century later, and are extant in manuscript (Cott. MS. Domit. A. iv. f. 258, and Harley MS. 273, f. 191 b). In English there are two versions, under the name of ‘Owayne Miles:’ (1) in the Auchinleck MS. at Edinburgh, which is probably a translation of one of the French versions, and was edited by Turnbull and Laing in their collection of early religious poems in 1837; (2) Cott. MS. Cal. A. II. f. 89, a fifteenth-century version, from which extracts are printed in Wright's ‘St. Patrick's Purgatory,’ pp. 64–78. The Latin original is printed in Massingham's ‘Florilegium insulæ Sanctorum Hiberniæ,’ Paris, 1624, pp. 84, 100; in Colgan's ‘Trias Thaumaturga’ (the second volume of his ‘Acta Sanctorum,’ Louvain, 1647), App. vi. ad acta S. Patricii; and in Migne's ‘Patrologia,’ clxxx. 974 sqq. A French version was printed without date or name of place in 4to, but probably at Paris by Jean Trepperel; a second edition which appeared at Paris, n.d., 8vo, was perhaps printed by Jean Trepperel the second or Alan Lotrian; later editions appeared at Paris 1548, and at Rheims 1842. Two manuscripts at Rome (Vatican MS. Barberini 270, ff. 1–25) and Basle (Cooper, App. A. to Report on Fœdera, p. 23) ascribe the authorship of the ‘Purgatorium’ to Gilbert of Louth. The statement of Bale and Pits that Henry also wrote a book, ‘De pœnis purgatorii,’ is erroneous, as the alleged opening words show.
[Bale, ii. 77, Pits, p. 208; Tanner's Bibl. Brit.-Hib. p. 297; Visch's Bibl. Cist., Douay, 1647; Migne's Patrologia, clxxx. col. 971–4; Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit. ii. 321; Wright's St. Patrick's Purgatory; Graesse's Trésor de Livres, v. 511; Brunet's Manuel du Libraire, iv. 980.]
C. L. K.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Clarke, Edward Goodman

​CLARKE, EDWARD GOODMAN (fl. 1812), physician, was born in London. He was a pupil of Mr. Cline, sen., at the same period with Astley Cooper, but on his fathers death he bought a commission in the 1st foot. Going to the West Indies, he married Miss Duncan, his colonel's daughter, but relapsed into intemperate habits, and took to writing as a refuge from starvation. He was admitted M.D. at Aberdeen on 24 Oct. 1791, and licentiate of the London College of Physicians in 1792. He was appointed a physician to the army by the influence of Cline and Astley Cooper, but did not mend his habits, and finally died of diseased liver. He wrote:
* 'Medicinæ Praxeos Compendium,' 1799.
* 'The Modern Practice of Physic,' 1805.
* 'Conspectus of the London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Pharmacopœia,' 1810.
* 'The New London Practice of Physic,' British Museum copy marked seventh edition, 1811 (a much enlarged edition of 2). In it he manifests very little knowledge of disease; he still advocates inoculation as the best remedy for small-pox, and mentions vaccination slightingly.
[Munk's Coll. of Phys. 1878, ii. 420; Clarke's Works; Life of Sir Astley Cooper, 1843, i. 146-8.]
G. T. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Clarke, Harriet Ludlow

​CLARKE, HARRIET LUDLOW (d. 1866), artist and wood engraver, was the fourth daughter of Edward Clarke, a solicitor in London. Having a turn for art, and wishing to earn an independent living, she adopted about 1837 the practice, unusual for a woman, of engraving on wood. She attracted the notice of William Harvey, the eminent wood engraver, and in 1838 executed a large cut from his design in the ‘Penny Magazine.' By the help of his instruction, and by her own industry, she was enabled to realise a considerable financial reward for her labours, and this she employed on the erection of some model labourers’ dwellings at Cheshunt. Among her numerous friends she counted Mrs. Jameson, for whom she executed some of the illustrations to ‘Sacred and Legendary Art.’ Not satisfied with her success in this department of art, she aspired to become a designer and painter on lass, and laboured hard by constant study at home and abroad to master the principles of this art. She was assisted in her endeavours by Mr. Wailes of Newcastle, himself a successful artist in stained glass. About 1851 she executed a window in St. Martin's Church, Canterbury, for the Hon. Daniel Finch, who was then engaged in the restoration of that ancient edifice; it represents St. Martin dividing his cloak with a beggar. From 1852 to 1854 she was employed on two windows, commissioned by Mr. Henry Berens, for the new church of Sidcup, near Foots Cray in Kent, and on that gentleman's death she received a further commission for a window in the same church, erected by subscription, to his memory. She executed for the gueen a large window in the church of North Marston, Buckinghamshire, to commemorate the bequest to her majesty by Mr. Neald of an estate in that The Rev. Robert Moore employed her to execute a large window in the north-west transept of Canterbury Cathedral, representing the history of St. Thomas à Becket. She prepared full-sized cartoons in colour for this, but failing health prevented her from executing her designs on glass, which were carried out by Mr. Hughes of Frith Street, Soho, the window being put up in May 1863. From this time Miss Clarke was prevented by increasing ill-health and suffering from pursuing her artistic professions. She died 19 Jan. 1866, at Cannes. Her work shows considerable talent, and her industry was indefatigable, but she was deficient in real genius and originality. Besides the windows mentioned, there is a small memorial window by her in the aforesaid church of St. Martin’s at Canterbury.
[Gent. Mag. 1866, 4th ser. i. 436; private information.]
L. C.