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# Mahatma Gandhi, his life, writings and speeches/Gandhi's Reply (2)

Mr. GANDHI'S REPLY
Mr. Gandhi, who was received with cheers, said that his wife and himself were returning to the motherland with their work unaccomplished and with broken health, but he wished nevertheless, to use the language of hope. When the Ambulance corps was ​formed, it had been a matter of great joy to him that so many students and others came forward willingly and offered their services. Men such as Colonel Kanta prasad and Mr. Turkhud and Mr. Parikh were none of them expected to do the service of hospital orderlies at Netley, but nevertheless they had cheerfully done it. Indians had shown themselves thereby capable of doing their duty, if they received the recognition of their rights and privilegs. The whole idea of the corps arose because he felt that there should be some outlet for the anxiety of the Indians to help in the crisis which had come upon the Empire. (Hear, hear). He had himself pleaded hard with Mr. Roberts that someplace should be found for him; but his health had not permitted and the doctors had been obdurate. He had not resigned from the corps. If in his own motherland he should be restored to strength, and hostilities were still continuing, he intended to come back, directly the summons reached him. (Cheers). As for his work in South Africa, they had been purely a matter of duty and carried no merit with it and his only aspiration on his return to his motherland was to do his duty as he found it day by day. He had been practically an exile for 25 years and his friend and master Mr. Gokhale had warned him not to speak of Indian questions, as India was a foreign land to him. (Laughter) But the India of his imagination was in India unrivalled in the world ​and India where the most spiritual treasures were to be found, and it was his dream and hope that the connection between India and England might be a source of spiritual comfort and uplifting to the whole world. He could not conclude without expressing his warmest appreciation of the great kindness which the Lady Cecilia Roberts had shown to his wife and himself in their illness. They had landed in England as strangers but they had speedily fallen among friends. There must be something good in the connection between India and England if it produces such unsolicitude and generous kindness from Englishmen and women to Indians.
# Mahatma Gandhi, his life, writings and speeches/Hon. Moulvi A. Fazul Haque

By THE HON. MOULVI A. K. FAZUL HAQUE
Extract from a speech at a protest meeting at the Calcutta Town Hall, said :—
That this meeting accords its unqualified support to the passive resistance movement initiated by Indians for the redress of their grievances in South Africa and expresses its high sense of admiration for the heroism and self-sacrifice displayed by Mr. Gandhi and his followers and fellow-workers in carrying on this campaign against heavy odds.
He said there was no Indian whose sympathy did not go to the Indians in South Africa who were stuggling, or the honor of their country. They in South Africa were forced to organise the passive resistance movement. Mr. Gandhi the organiser of the movement was its soul-force as it stood for higher to physical force and it was proper that they should record admiration for Mr. Gandhi.
# Mahatma Gandhi, his life, writings and speeches/Foreword

FOREWORD
"It is only India that knows how to honour greatness in rags" said a friend to me one day as we watched Mahatma Gandhi cleaving his way through the surging enthusiasm of a vast assembly at Lucknow last year.
For, surely the sudden appearance of Saint Francis of Assisi in his tattered robe in the fashionable purlieus of London or Milan, Paris or Petrograd to-day were scarcely more disconcerting or incongruous than the presence of this strange man with his bare feet and coarse garments, his tranquil eyes, and calm, kind smile that disclaims even while it acknowledges a homage that emperors cannot buy.
But India, though she shift and enlarge her circumference age after age keeps true to her spiritual centre and retains her spiritual vision undimmed and eager to acclaim her saints. Let us not follow the conventional mode of the world and wait for a man to be ​dead to canonise him; but rather let our critical judgment confirm the unerring instinct of the people that recognizes in Mahatma Gandhi a lineal descendant of those great sons of compassion who became the servants of humanity—Gautama Buddha, Chaitanya, Ramanuja, Ramakrishna.
He lacks, may be, the breadth and height and ecstacy of their mystical attainment: but he is not less than theirs in his intensity of love, his sincerity of service and a lofty simplicity of life which is the austere flower of renunciation and self-sacrifice.
There are those who impatient and afraid of his exalted idealism would fain ignore him as fanatic, a mere fanciful dreamer of inconvenient and impossible dreams.
And yet, who can deny that this gentle and lowly apostle of passive resistance has more than a militant energy and courage and knows as Gokhale said how to "mould heroes out of common clay?"
Who can deny that this inexorable idealist who would reduce all life to an impersonal formula is the most vital personal force in the national movement and the prophet of Indian self-realization?
​He has mastered the secret of real greatness and learnt that true Yoga is wisdom in action and that love is the fulfilling of the law.
| Hyderabad, | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | SAROJINI NAIDU |
| Deccan, | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | SAROJINI NAIDU |
| 22nd Nov., 1917. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | SAROJINI NAIDU |
# Mahatma Gandhi, his life, writings and speeches/Future Work

FUTURE WORK
But I do not wish to be understood to mean that nothing further remains to be done in South Africa, or that everything has been gained. We have only fought for the removal of legal disabilities as to immigration, but administratively we have taken note of the existing conditions and prejudices. We fought to keep the theory of the British Constitution in tact so that the practice may some day approach ​the theory as near as possible. There are still certain laws in South Africa, for instance, the law of 1885, the trade license laws of the Cape and Natal, which continue to cause worry. The administration of the Immigration Law is not all that it should be. For these, however, passive resistance is not applied and is at present inapplicable, its application being confined to grievances which are generally felt in a community and are known to hurt its self-respect or conscience. Any of the grievances referred to by me may, any day, advance to that stage. Till then, only the ordinary remedies of petition etc., can be adopted. Letters received from South Africa, show that difficulties are being experienced in some cases acutely by our countrymen, and if much has not been heard of them in India just now, it is because of the extraordinary self-restraint of our countrymen in South Africa, during the crisis that has overtaken the Empire.
# Mahatma Gandhi, his life, writings and speeches/Gandhi's Sense of Duty

GANDHI'S SENSE OF DUTY
[The following exhortation was addressed by Mr, M. K. Gandhi to the Tamil community of South Africa] : —
Remember that we are descendants, of Prahlad and Sudhanva, both passive resisters of the purest type. They disregarded the dictates even of their parents, when they were asked to deny God. They suffered extreme torture rather than inflict suffering on their persecutors. We in the Transvaal are being called upon to deny God, in that we are required to deny our manhood, go back upon our oath, and accept an insult to our nation. Shall we, in the present crisis, do less than our fore-fathers?
# Mahatma Gandhi, his life, writings and speeches/History of Passive Resistence

HISTORY OF PASSIVE RESISTANCE IN SOUTH AFRICA
Mr. Gandhi in the course of his letter to the Secretary, South African Committee, gives the following brief account of the struggle of passive resisters in South Africa, to the maintenance of which India contributed so generously.
"Whilst the actual courting of imprisonment has ceased, the struggle itself has by no means ended. In its last stages nearly 25,000 Indians actively participated in it, that is one sixth of the total Indian population in South Africa. The rest of the community practically with but few exceptions, supported the struggle either by contribution in cash or in kind or by holding meetings, etc. It began in Transvaal with the passing of the now famous Asiatic Registration Bill. In the year the struggle rolled on with temporary settlements. It included many other things besides the Asiatic Registration Act, and covered the whole ​of South Africa at the time of the settlement. The points in the passive resistance were as follows: (1) Repeal of the Asiatic Act. (2) Removal of racial or colour disqualification as to immigration from Union legislation. (3) Removal of legal disabilities of Indian wives (4) Removal of annual Poll Tax of £3 which was payable by ex-indentured Indians, their wives and grown-up children, (5) Just administration of the existing laws with due regard to vested rights.
All these points are covered by the settlement of the last year, which I consider to be a complete vindication of the passive resistance, and I venture to state that if more has not been gained more was not and could not be asked for as an item in the passive resistance, for a passive resister has to frame his minimum as well as his maximum, and he dare not ask for more nor can he be satisfied with less.
# Littell's Living Age/Volume 128/Issue 1657/The Years

* THE YEARS.
* Why do we heap huge mounds of years
* Before us and behind,
* And scorn the little days that pass
* Like angels on the wind?
* Each, turning round a small sweet face
* As beautiful as near,
* Because it is so small a face
* We will not see it clear.
* And so it turns from us, and goes
* Away in sad disdain;
* Though we could give our lives for it,
* It never comes again.
* Miss Mulock
# Littell's Living Age/Volume 128/Issue 1658/Life

* LIFE.
* Oh sadness of decay!
* The autumn fields are grey,
* And long-forgotten is the hedge-row tune;
* How sick the shattered fern,
* How harsh the woods and stern,
* How pale and palsied is the afternoon
* Oh gladness of decay!
* The wild buds store the May,
* The hushed lanes listen for the blackbird’s song;
* The dumb trees hoard their strength,
* The shy fern peeps, at length
* Old Death is quickened, and the days are long.
* H. D. R.
* Spectator.
# Littell's Living Age/Volume 128/Issue 1657/Under the Apple-Tree

* UNDER THE APPLE-TREE.
* A dome of blossom rises overhead,
* Piled like the snows upon some Alpine height,
* And blushing with such tints of pink and red
* As summer clouds may wear in vesper light.
* Dew-spangled — pierced with sudden shafts of gold
* That slide between the latticed boughs below;
* A little world of bloom, that seems to fold
* Birds, bees, and sunbeams in a tender glow.
* Life is so sweet beneath this fairy bower
* That the full heart must tremble in its bliss,
* And fear lest wanton breeze or hasty shower
* Should harm one petal by a careless kiss.
* Under the apple-tree I stand alone,
* In the strange stillness of an autumn day:
* Where have the swallows and the brown bees flown?
* What cruel hand hath snatched my blooms away?
* The sullen, silver-rifted sky looks down
* Between grey branches, — not a golden gleam
* Falls on the scanty leaves, grown sere and brown;
* And I am haunted by that flowery dream!
* O foolish heart I — beside the mossy root
* Lie the rich spoils that put thy grief to shame!
* He takes the blossom, but He gives the fruit,
* That men may magnify His worthy name.
* He gives a treasure for a vanished toy,
* Filling the soul before its void is known;
* A solid blessing for a fragile joy
* His hand bestows: — make thou His gifts thine own.
* Sarah Doudney
* Good Words.
# Littell's Living Age/Volume 128/Issue 1658

LITTELL'S LIVING AGE.
| Fifth Series, Volume XIII. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | No. 1658. — March 18, 1876. | $\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \end{matrix}}\right.}$ | From Beginning Vol. CXXVIII. |
CONTENTS. :
| I. | Modern English Prose. By George Saintsbury, | Fortnightly Review, | 707 |
| II. | Bee or Beatrix, | Blackwood's Magazine, | 717 |
| III. | Dutch Guiana. By W. Gifford Palgrave. Part III., | Fortnightly Review, | 726 |
| IV. | The Dilemma. Part XXI., | Blackwood's Magazine, | 732 |
| V. | The Pope and Magna Charta. By Cardinal Manning, | Contemporary Review, | 741 |
| VI. | Mazarin. By the author of "Mirabeau," etc., | Temple Bar, | 752 |
| VII. | George Eliot's Heroines, | Spectator, | 761 |
| VIII. | The Quaker's Hat, | Saturday Review, | 763 |
| IX. | The Drainage of the Zuyder-Zee, | Nature, | 767 |
POETRY. :
| The Nymph of Arcadie, | 706 | Rondel, | 706 |
| Life, | 706 | Transfiguration, | 706 |
| Miscellany, | Miscellany, | Miscellany, | 768 |
# Littell's Living Age/Volume 128/Issue 1658/Miscellany

​Brains — A brain attains its highest utility, as distinguished from its highest development, when it can not only absorb from others and direct its own further evolutions, but can also organize and regulate the working of other brains under its own superintendence and control. This power it is which enables the rising merchant or manufacturer to utilize other brains, to either use them for purposes of comparative mental drudgery, or to perform higher work under the immediate superintendence of the ruling brain. By such means the single brain can multiply its working indefinitely by a well-selected series of other brains under itself; a few brains of comparatively high order regulating the working of numerous brains of a lower order, which perform the purely mechanical mental work. Such is the organization of a first-rate business in full working order. Of a precisely similar nature is the co-ordinating and ruling power of such men as Cromwell, Napoleon, or Washington, whose single brains controlled nations and peoples. The highest of all forms of brain-value must be clearly differentiated from several similar but really unlike forms of control; and the rule of brute force must not be confounded with it. Such rule we see in the lower animals, where the red ant enslaves the black ant, and where the power to kill in fight enables a lower organism to subordinate another of a higher but less warlike form. A similar supremacy of mere brute force and animal courage over higher intellectual development lacking these qualities, is far from uncommon in history. In this the capacity to slay in war has exerted a supremacy which is far removed from that of one organizing brain over other brains inferior to it in power, in development, or subordinated by the pressure of the environment. The power to aid the working of one brain by a trained staff of subordinates is utilized by our legislators, and by such means it is essayed to transmute an ordinary politician into a far-sighted statesman. But this inversion of a normal process, though ingenious, is not successful, and the difference betwixt the working of a department under a natural chief is very great from its operation under a merely nominal chief. Thus it is that in most of our public institutions the character of the chief tints that of each and all of his subordinates. It is in commerce that the value of a brain capable of controlling other brains, and so increasing its utility, is best seen. In the professions this employment of vicarious brains is either entirely impossible, or, if possible, only to a very limited degree.
Medical Examiner
# Mackenzie v. Hare

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
239 U.S. 299
Mackenzie v. Hare
Argued: November 11 and 12, 1915. --- Decided: December 6, 1915
Mr. Milton T. U'Ren for plaintiff in error.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 300-301 intentionally omitted]
Messrs. Thomas V. Cator, William McDevitt, and Percy V. Long for defendants in error.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 302-304 intentionally omitted]
Mr. Justice McKenna delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Mackey v. Mendoza-Martinez

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
362 U.S. 384
Mackey v. Mendoza-Martinez
Argued: Dec. 8, 1959. --- Decided: April 18, 1960
Mr. Oscar H. Davis, Washington, D.C., for appellants.
Mr. Thomas R. Davis, for respondent.
PER CURIAM.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Mackey v. United States

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "Mackey v. United States."
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* Mackey v. United States (35 U.S. 340)
* Mackey v. United States (401 U.S. 667)
# Mackenzie v. A. Engelhard & Sons Company

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
266 U.S. 131
Mackenzie v. A. Engelhard & Sons Company
Argued: Oct. 9, 1924. --- Decided: Nov 17, 1924
Mr. Wm. Marshall Bullitt, of Louisville, Ky., for Mackenzie.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 132-135 intentionally omitted]
Mr. J. Verser Conner, of Louisville, Ky., for A. Engelhard & Sons.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 136-140 intentionally omitted]
Mr. Justice HOLMES delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Macker's v. Thomas

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* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
20 U.S. 530
Macker's v. Thomas
March 15th.
Mr. Justice WASHINGTON delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Mackey v. United States (35 U.S. 340)

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
35 U.S. 340
Mackey v. United States
ON appeal from the district court of the United States, for the district of Missouri.
The case is stated in the opinion of the court.
It was argued by Mr White, for the appellants; and by Mr Butler, attorney-general, for the United States.
Mr Justice BALDWIN delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# McCoach v. Pratt

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
236 U.S. 562
McCoach v. Pratt
Argued: January 25, 1915. --- Decided: March 1, 1915
Assistant Attorney General Wallace and Solicitor General Davis for petitioner.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 562-564 intentionally omitted]
Messrs. Walter C. Noyes, H. T. Newcomb, and E. Hunn for respondents.
Mr. Justice Van Devanter delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# McCollum v. Board of Education

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Wikidata item.
McCollum v. Board of Education, 333 U.S. 203 (1948), was a landmark case ruled upon by the United States Supreme Court in 1948, and related to the power of a state to use its tax-supported public school system in aid of religious instruction. The case was an early test of the separation of church and state with respect to education.

## Concurring Opinions

    Frankfurter
    Jackson

## Dissenting Opinion

    Reed
United States Supreme Court
333 U.S. 203
McCollum v. Board of Education
Appeal from the Supreme Court of the State of Illinois
No. 90 Argued: December 8, 1947 --- Decided: March 8, 1948
Mr. Walter F. Dodd, of Chicago, Ill., for appellant.
Messrs. Owen Rall, of Chicago, Ill., and John L. Franklin, of Champaign, Ill., for appellees.
Mr. Justice BLACK delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Mathews v. Machine Company

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
105 U.S. 54
Mathews v. Machine Company
APPEAL from the Circuit Court of the United States for the District of Massachusetts.
The facts are stated in the opinion of the court.
Mr. George L. Roberts and Mr. George Harding for the appellants.
Mr. Causten Browne for the appellees.
MR. JUSTICE BRADLEY delivered the opinion of the court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse