OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996/1999-03-19

This is the text of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996, as amended on 19 March 1999 by the Constitution Fourth Amendment Act of 1999 and the Constitution Fifth Amendment Act of 1999.
To introduce a new Constitution for the Republic of South Africa and to provide for matters incidental thereto
as amended by
Constitution First Amendment Act of 1997 Constitution Second Amendment Act of 1998 Constitution Third Amendment Act of 1998 Constitution Fourth Amendment Act of 1999 Constitution Fifth Amendment Act of 1999
Contents
* Preamble
* Chapter 1
* Founding Provisions
* Chapter 2
* Bill of Rights
* Chapter 3
* Co-operative Government
* Chapter 4
* Parliament
* Chapter 5
* The President and National Executive
* Chapter 6
* Provinces
* Chapter 7
* Local Government
* Chapter 8
* Courts and Administration of Justice
* Chapter 9
* State Institutions Supporting Constitutional Democracy
* Chapter 10
* Public Administration
* Chapter 11
* Security Services
* Chapter 12
* Traditional Leaders
* Chapter 13
* Finance
* Chapter 14
* General Provisions
* Schedule 1
* National Flag
* Schedule 2
* Oaths and Solemn Affirmations
* Schedule 3
* Election Procedures
* Schedule 4
* Functional Areas of Concurrent National and Provincial Legislative Competence
* Schedule 5
* Functional Areas of Exclusive Provincial Competence
* Schedule 6
* Transitional Arrangements
* Schedule 7
* Laws Repealed
Preamble
We, the people of South Africa,
Recognise the injustices of our past;
Honour those who suffered for justice and freedom in our land;
Respect those who have worked to build and develop our country; and
Believe that South Africa belongs to all who live in it, united in our diversity.
We therefore, through our freely elected representatives, adopt this Constitution as the supreme law of the Republic so as to—
Heal the divisions of the past and establish a society based on democratic values, social justice and fundamental human rights;
Lay the foundations for a democratic and open society in which government is based on the will of the people and every citizen is equally protected by law;
Improve the quality of life of all citizens and free the potential of each person; and
Build a united and democratic South Africa able to take its rightful place as a sovereign state in the family of nations.
May God protect our people.
Nkosi Sikelel’ iAfrika. Morena boloka setjhaba sa heso. God seën Suid-Afrika. God bless South Africa. Mudzimu fhatutshedza Afurika. Hosi katekisa Afrika.
# Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996/1999-03-19/Chapter 1

Chapter 1
Founding Provisions
Republic of South Africa
1.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Supremacy of Constitution
2.
Citizenship
3.
(1)
(2)
(a)
(b)
(3)
National anthem
4.
National flag
5.
Languages
6.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(a)
(b)
(4)
(5)
(a)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
# Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996/1998-10-30/Schedule 5

Schedule 5
Functional Areas of Exclusive Provincial Legislative Competence
Part A
Abattoirs
Ambulance services
Archives other than national archives
Libraries other than national libraries
Liquor licences
Museums other than national museums
Provincial planning
Provincial cultural matters
Provincial recreation and amenities
Provincial sport
Provincial roads and traffic
Veterinary services, excluding regulation of the profession
Part B
The following local government matters to the extent set out for provinces in section 155(6)(a) and (7):
Beaches and amusement facilities
Billboards and the display of advertisements in public places
Cemeteries, funeral parlours and crematoria
Cleansing
Control of public nuisances
Control of undertakings that sell liquor to the public
Facilities for the accommodation, care and burial of animals
Fencing and fences
Licensing of dogs
Licensing and control of undertakings that sell food to the public
Local amenities
Local sport facilities
Markets
Municipal abattoirs
Municipal parks and recreation
Municipal roads
Noise pollution
Pounds
​Public places
Refuse removal, refuse dumps and solid waste disposal
Street trading
Street lighting
Traffic and parking
# Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996/1999-03-19/Chapter 12

Chapter 12
Traditional Leaders
Recognition
211.
(1)
(2)
(3)
Role of traditional leaders
212.
(1)
(2)
(a)
(b)
# Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996/1998-10-30/Schedule 4

Schedule 4
Functional Areas of Concurrent National and Provincial Legislative Competence
Part A
Administration of indigenous forests
Agriculture
Airports other than international and national airports
Animal control and diseases
Casinos, racing, gambling and wagering, excluding lotteries and sports pools
Consumer protection
Cultural matters
Disaster management
Education at all levels, excluding tertiary education
Environment
Health services
Housing
Indigenous law and customary law, subject to Chapter 12 of the Constitution
Industrial promotion
Language policy and the regulation of official languages to the extent that the provisions of section 6 of the Constitution expressly confer upon the provincial legislatures legislative competence
Media services directly controlled or provided by the provincial government, subject to section 192
Nature conservation, excluding national parks, national botanical gardens and marine resources
Police to the extent that the provisions of Chapter 11 of the Constitution confer upon the provincial legislatures legislative competence
Pollution control
Population development
Property transfer fees
Provincial public enterprises in respect of the functional areas in this Schedule and Schedule 5
Public transport
Public works only in respect of the needs of provincial government departments in the discharge of their responsibilities to administer functions specifically assigned to them in terms of the Constitution or any other law
Regional planning and development
​Road traffic regulation
Soil conservation
Tourism
Trade
Traditional leadership, subject to Chapter 12 of the Constitution
Urban and rural development
Vehicle licensing
Welfare services
Part B
The following local government matters to the extent set out in section 155(6)(a) and (7):
Air pollution
Building regulations
Child care facilities
Electricity and gas reticulation
Firefighting services
Local tourism
Municipal airports
Municipal planning
Municipal health services
Municipal public transport
Municipal public works only in respect of the needs of municipalities in the discharge of their responsibilities to administer functions specifically assigned to them under this Constitution or any other law
Pontoons, ferries, jetties, piers and harbours, excluding the regulation of international and national shipping and matters related thereto
Stormwater management systems in built-up areas
Trading regulations
Water and sanitation services limited to potable water supply systems and domestic waste-water and sewage disposal systems
# Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996/1998-10-30/Schedule 7

Schedule 7
Laws Repealed
# Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996/1999-03-19/Chapter 11

Chapter 11
Security Services
Governing principles
198.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Establishment, structuring and conduct of security services
199.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(a)
(b)
(8)
Defence
Defence force
200.
(1)
(2)
Political responsibility
201.
(1)
(2)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(3)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(4)
Command of defence force
202.
(1)
(2)
State of national defence
203.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(2)
(3)
Defence civilian secretariat
204.
Police
Police service
205.
(1)
(2)
(3)
Political responsibility
206.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(4)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(5)
(a)
(b)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
Control of police service
207.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(a)
(b)
(5)
(6)
Police civilian secretariat
208.
Intelligence
Establishment and control of intelligence services
209.
(1)
(2)
Powers, functions and monitoring
210.
(a)
(b)
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/William Rishanger

From volume 13 of the work.
Chronicler, b. at Rishangles, Suffolk, about 1250; d. after 1312. He became a Benedictine at St. Alban's Abbey, Hertfordshire in 1271, and there revived the custom of composing chronicles which had languished since the time of Matthew Paris. His chief work is the history of the Barons' Wars, "Narratio de bellis apud Lewes et Evesham", covering the period from 1258 to 1267 and including a reference which shows that he was still engaged on it on 3 May, 1312. Apart from its historical matter which is derived from Matthew Paris and his continuators, it is interesting for the evidence it affords of the extreme veneration in which Simon de Montfort was held at that time. He also wrote a short chronicle about Edward I, "Quaedam recapitulatio brevis de gestis domini Edwardi". It is possible, though not very probable, that he wrote the earlier part of a chronicle, "Willelmi Rishanger, monachi S. Albani, Chronica". Four other works attributed to him by Bale are not authentic.
RILEY, Willelmi Rishanger chronica et annales in R. S. (London 1863-76); RILEY in Mon. Germ. Hist., XXVIII (Berlin, 1865); HALLIWELL, Chronicle of William de Rishanger of the Barons' Wars in Camden Society Publications, XV (London, 1840); BEMONT, Simon de Montfort (Paris, 1884); HARDY, Descriptive Catalogue (London, 1862-71), I, 871; III, 171-2, 191-3; TOUT in Dict. Nat. Bioq., s.v.
Edwin Burton.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/William Rudesind Barlow

From volume 2 of the work.
Third son of Sir Alexander Barlow of Barlow Hall, near Manchester, England, and Mary Brereton his wife, date of birth uncertain; d. at Douai, 19 Sept., 1656. The martyr Ven. Edward Barlow, was his younger brother and was educated with him at the English College, Douai. Wishing to become a Benedictine, he joined the Spanish congregation, being professed at Cella Nueva in Gallicia in 1605. Ordained priest in 1608 he became Doctor of Divinity at Salamanca. In 1611 he went to St. Gregory's, Douai, where he was made prior in 1614, and, two years later, professor of theology at St. Vaast's College, an office which he held for forty years. Weldon says: "He formed almost all the bishops, abbots, and professors that flourished in those parts for some time after. He was esteemed the first or chief of the scholastic divines or casuists of his time, and in knowledge of the canon law inferior to no one of his time or the age before." The circle of his friends included Bellarmine and other contemporary scholars.
He more than once refused the dignity of abbot and bishop, "and it was thought he would have refused that of cardinal, which was said to have been preparing for him." From 1621 to 1629 he was President­General of the English Congregation. In 1633 he became titular Cathedral­Prior of Canterbury. Beyond a circular letter to the English Benedictines about their relations to the vicar Apostolic, none of his writings are left, although Gee, writing in 1624, attributes to him a book called "The Enemies of God". Weldon adds that after his death a bishop offered the Benedictines of Douai an establishment if they would give him Father Rudesind's writings. "But in vain they were sought for, for they were destroyed by an enemy." It is said that on the death of Dr. Bishop, the vicar­Apostolic, he was consulted by the pope as to the best successor, and that he warmly recommended Dr. Smith, who was appointed, but later he opposed that prelate on the question of the extent of the vicar Apostolic's jurisdiction.
WELDON, Chronological Notes of the Eng. Benedictines, 1709 (London, 1881); XXXI; SNOW, Necrology of the Eng. Benedictines (London, 1883); GILLOW, Bibl. Dict. Eng. Cath. (London, 1885), I, 136.
Edwin Burton
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/William Shirwood

From volume 13 of the work.
Shirwood, William, a thirteenth-century schoolman, the detail of whose career have been confounded with those concerning William, Archdeacon of Durham, founder of University College, Oxford. It is certain that Shirwood won a European reputation for scholarship, being described by Roger Bacon in the preface to the "Opus tertium" together with Albertus Magnus as the most celebrated scholars in Christendom. Bacon describes Shirwood as surpassing Albert, and as being without a peer in philosophy. He held the prebend of Ailesbury, Lincoln, in 1245 and was treasurer of Lincoln Cathedral in 1258 and 1267. Pits, following Leland, ascribes to him incidents from the life of William of Durham and thus assigns his death to the year 1249. The works of Shirwood were "Super Magistrum sententiarum" (4 books), "Distinctiones Theologicae", and "Conciones". Pits adds "and others not a few".
Edwin Burton.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/William Sherwood

From volume 13 of the work.
Bishop of Meath, d. at Dublin, 3 Dec. 1482. He was an English ecclesiastic who obtained the see by papal provision in April, 1460. Of his earlier life nothing is known. He soon came into conflict with Thomas Fitzgerald, eighth Earl of Desmond, who was deputy to George, Duke of Clarence, Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland. The earl accused the bishop of instigating the murder of some of his followers, and in 1464 both went to England to lay their grievances before the king. Edward IV upheld the earl, who was supported by the Irish parliament, and acquitted him of all charges of disloyalty and treasonable relations with the Irish people. But when in 1467 he was disgraced, and succeeded by the Earl of Worcester, Bishop Sherwood was suspected of leading the opposition, which finally brought the earl to the scaffold. Some years after his rival's death, Sherwood himself was appointed deputy, but his own rule was so unpopular that in 1477 he was removed from office, having governed for two years. He held the Chancellorship of Ireland from 1475 to 1481. He lies buried at Newton Abbey near Trim.
Annals of the Four Masters (Dublin, 1848-51); GILBERT, Viceroys of Ireland (Dublin, 1865); KINGSFORD in Diet. Nat. Biog. Register of St. Thomas Abbey, Dublin (R.S. London, 1889) gives text of an agreement between Sherwood and the abbey.
Edwin Burton.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/William Reynolds

From volume 13 of the work.
(RAINOLDS, RAYNOLDS, REGINALDUS)
Reynolds, William, born. at Pinhorn near Exeter, about 1544; died at Antwerp, 24 August, 1594, the second son of Richard Rainolds, and elder brother of John Rainolds, one of the chief Anglican scholars engaged on the "Authorized Version" of the Bible. Educated at Winchester School, he became fellow of New College, Oxford (1560-1572). He was converted partly by the controversy between Jewel and Harding, and partly by the personal influence of Dr. Allen. In 1575 he made a public recantation in Rome, and two years later went to Douai to study for the priesthood. He removed with the other collegians from Douai to Reims in 1578 and was ordained priest at Chalons in April, 1580. He then remained at the college, lecturing on Scripture and Hebrew, and helping Gregory Martin in translating the Reims Testament. Some years before his death he had left the college to become chaplain to the Beguines at Antwerp. He translated several of the writings of Allen and Harding into Latin and wrote a "Refutation" of Whitaker's attack on the Reims version (Paris, 1583); "De justa reipublicæ christianæ in reges impios et hæreticos authoritate" (Paris, 1590), under the name of Rossæus; a treatise on the Blessed Sacrament (Antwerp, 1593); "Calvino-Turcismus" (Antwerp, 1597).
KIRBY, Annals of Winchester College (London, 1892); FOSTER, Alumni Ozonienses (Oxford. 1891); Douay Diaries (London, 1878); WOOD, Athenae Ozonienses (London, 1813); PITTS, De illustribus Angliae scriptoribus (Paris, 1619); DODD. Church History, II (Brussels vere Wolverhampton, 1737-42); GILLOW in Biog. Dict. Eng. Cath., s. v.; RIGG in Dict. Nat. Biog., s. v. Rainolds.
Edwin Burton.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/William Seton

From volume 13 of the work.
Author, b. in New York, 28 Jan., 1835; d. there, 15 Mar., 1905. His father was William Seton, captain in the U. S. Navy, son of Elizabeth Ann Seton (q.v.), his mother was Emily Prime. Burke's Peerage (1900) recognized him as the head of the Seton family of Parbroath, senior cadets of the earls of Winton in Scotland. He was educated at St. John's College, Fordham, at Mt. St. Mary's, Emmittsburg, Md., and at the University of Bonn. He traveled extensively abroad before entering a law office in New York. Soon after his admission to the bar he answered Lincoln's first call for troops in 1861. Disabled for a time by two wounds received in the Battle of Antietam, where he fought as captain of the Forty-first New York Volunteers, French's Division, Sumner's Corps, he returned to his father's home, Cragdon, Westchester Co., New York, but went back to the front to be captain of the 16th Artillery in Grant's campaign against Richmond. After the war he devoted himself chiefly to literature, publishing two historical novels, "Romance of the Charter Oak" (1870) and "Pride of Lexington" (1871); "The Pioneer", a poem (1874); "Rachel's Fate" (1882); "The Shamrock Gone West", and "Moire" (1884). About 1886 he went to Europe for serious study in paleontology, psychology, etc., and thereafter usually spent the greater part of each year in France in such pursuits. His forte was presenting scientific matters in attractive English. He issued a brief work, "A Glimpse of Organic Life, Past and Present" (1897). He was a frequent contributor of scientific articles to the "Catholic World". "The Building of the Mountain", a novel, was in the press at the time of his death. His Alma Mater, Mt. St. Mary's, conferred on him the degree of LL.D. in 1890. He outlived by ten years his wife Sarah Redwood Parrish, a Philadelphian convert from the Society of Friends. Their only child William died in infancy. He did much charitable work, especially in obtaining employment for the poor. He is buried with the Setons at Mt. St. Mary's, Emmitsburg, Maryland.
SETON, An Old Family (New York, 1889), 359-61, Living Catholic Men of Science in Catholic World, LXVI (New York, 1898); Lambs Encyl. of American Biography; Appletons' Cycl. of American Biography.
B. Randolph.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/William Roper

From volume 13 of the work.
Biographer of St. Thomas More, born 1496; died 4 January, 1578. Both his father and mother belonged to distinguished legal families. He was educated at one of the English universities, and received his father's office of clerk of the pleas in the Court of King's Bench. He held this post till shortly before his death. When he was about twenty-three he seems to have been taken into Sir Thomas More's household, and he married Margaret, Sir Thomas's eldest daughter, in 1521. Erasmus who saw much of the More family describes him as a young man "who is wealthy, of excellent and modest character and not unacquainted with literature". He became fascinated, however, by the Lutheran doctrine of justification by faith, and professed his heresy so openly as to be summoned before Wolsey. Sir Thomas frequently reasoned with his son-in-law: "Meg", he said to his daughter, "I have borne a long time with thy husband; I have reasoned and argued with him in these points of religion, and still given to him my poor fatherly counsel, but I perceive none of all this able to call him home; and therefore, Meg, I will no longer dispute with him, but will clean give him over and get me to God and pray for him". To these prayers Roper attributed his return to the Faith; henceforth he was an ardent Catholic. He sat in four of Mary's parliaments, twice as member for Rochester and twice as member for Canterbury. His Catholicism got him into difficulties with the Government under Elizabeth and he was summoned before the Council in 1568; in the following year he was bound over to be of good behaviour and to appear before the Council when summoned. He does not seem to have been troubled further. His reminiscences of Sir Thomas More were written in the time of Queen Mary nearly twenty years after the events with which they deal, but his relations with his father-in-law had been so close and the impressions he received in that delightful household so vivid, that these rather disjointed notes form a most attractive biography. Roper's "Life" was not printed till 1626, but it was used by the earlier biographers of More, and is the chief authority for his personal history.
F. F. Urquhart.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/William Russell Grace

From volume 6 of the work.
Philanthropist and merchant, born at Cork, Ireland, 10 May, 1832; died at New York, 21 March, 1904. His father was originally from Queen's County, where the Graces lived from the days of their ancestor, Raymond Le Gros, who went to Ireland with Strongbow ; his mother, a Russell from Tipperary, was a convert to the Catholic Faith. James Grace, his father, went from Ireland to Peru in 1850, but not being successful there, returned to Ireland, while his son, William Russell, remained behind and in time became a partner with the firm of John Bryce at Callao. This firm became Grace Brothers & Co., and W. R. Grace & Co., with offices in New York, San Francisco, and every city of importance on the west coast of South America. Grace also established, at New York, The New York and Pacific Steamship Co., and other financial enterprises. In 1859 he married Lillias Gilchrist of Thomaston, Maine.
He left Peru in the year 1864 and for a time lived in Brooklyn, then in 1878 moved to New york. At the time of the famine in Ireland in 1878 and 1879 his firm contributed to the relief fund one-fourth the cargo of provisions sent in the steamship Constellation for the famine stricken. This fact and others made him so popular that he was nominated for Mayor of New york, and, in spite of much opposition from bigoted sources, elected in 1880. He was the first Catholic to hold that office. He was re-elected in 1884 and served a second term. An attempt to induce him to accept a nomination for a third term was made, but he declined to run.
A fact that best shows the Christian character of the man is that during his two terms as mayor he went to Mass every morning in the neighbouring church of St. Agnes before going to official work. His chief benevolent work was the foundation of the Grace Institute in May, 1897, which he dedicated to the memory of his parents. The object of this institution was to give free tuition to women in dressmaking, stenography, typewriting, book-keeping, and domestic science. The poor are also generally helped by this institution. He was promped to found and endow it after a study of the economic conditions of workmen's families during a strike among the employees of one of his enterprises. The institution is non-sectarian, and is under the charge of the Sisters of Charity.
HENRY A. BRANN
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/William Seth Agar

From volume 1 of the work.
​Agar, William Seth, an English Canon, b. at York, 25 December, 1815; d. 23 August, 1872. He was educated at Prior Park, Bath, and was ordained priest there, and appointed (1845) to Lyme, Dorsetshire. Ill health obliged him to leave Lyme twice, and in 1852 he was appointed chaplain to the canonesses of St. Augustine at Abbotsleigh, where he lived uninterruptedly to his death. In 1856 he was installed as Canon of the Plymouth Chapter. He is said to have been "one of the most deeply versed priests in England in ascetical and mystical theology, and in the operations of grace in souls." He was more a profound thinker than a great reader, although he studied many theological and philosophical works, especially the published writings of his favourite author, Rosmini, which he carefully annotated.
The Tablet (London), 7 Sept., 1872; Gillow, Bibliogr. Dict. of English Catholics, I, 9.
John J. a'Becket.
# Copper Sun (Cullen)/Lines to My Father

Lines to My Father
# Copper Sun (Cullen)/Millennial

Millennial
(To John Haynes Holmes)
# Copper Sun (Cullen)/More Than a Fool's Song

More Than a Fool’s Song
(To Edward Perry)
# Copper Sun (Cullen)/Nocturne

Nocturne
# Copper Sun (Cullen)/Open Door

Juvenilia
Open Door
# Copper Sun (Cullen)/Pity the Deep in Love

The Deep in Love
Pity the Deep in Love
(To Fiona)
# Copper Sun (Cullen)/Love's Way

Love’s Way
# Copper Sun (Cullen)/On the Mediterranean Sea

On the Mediterranean Sea
# Copper Sun (Cullen)/One Day we Played a Game

One Day We Played a Game
(Yolande: Her Poem)