OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Fughetta

From volume 1 of the work.
[ F. A. G. O. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Fruytiers, Jan

From volume 1 of the work.
[ M. C. C. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Fränzl, Ferdinand

From volume 1 of the work.
​FRÄNZL, Ferdinand, eminent violinist and composer, born in 1770 at Schwetzingen in the Palatinate. He was a pupil of his father, Ignaz Fränzl, and performed, when only seven years of age, a concerto at a court-concert in Mannheim, where he entered the band of the Elector in 1782. From 1785 he began to travel with his father. During a prolonged stay at Strassburg he studied composition under Richter and Pleyel, and later under Padre Mattei at Bologna. He appears to have been less successful at Paris than at Rome, Naples, and Palermo. Returned to Mannheim in 1792, he took C. Cannabich's place as leader of the band, but in 1802 again started for a tour to Russia. At this period Fränzl was generally acknowledged to be one of the best of living violin-players, and his compositions enjoyed great popularity. Spohr heard him in 1802 at St. Petersburg, and gives an interesting account of him:—'Fränzl was at that time the foremost of violin-players in St. Petersburg. He still follows the old method of holding the violin on the right side of the tail-piece, and is therefore obliged to play with his head bent down. [Violin.] He also lifts the right arm very high, and has a bad habit of raising his eyebrows whenever he plays something expressive. His execution is neat and clear. In the slow movements he performs a great many runs, shakes, and cadenzas, with rare precision and distinctness; but as soon as he plays forte his tone is rough and unpleasant, owing to his drawing the bow too slowly and too close to the bridge, and pressing it too much on the string. Quick passages he executes with good intonation and very clearly, but invariably in the middle of the bow, and consequently without light and shade.' On a later occasion Spohr comments less favourably on him, and describes both his style and his compositions as old-fashioned; but this only shows that Fränzl had not kept pace with the progress made in violin-playing towards the end of the last and beginning of the present century, and could not stand comparison with the great masters of the Paris school, still less with Spohr himself.
[ P. D. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Fuchs, Aloys

From volume 1 of the work.
[ C. F. P. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Fulda, Adam de

[ W. S. R. ]
# A Dictionary of the Book of Mormon/Giddonah

​GIDDONAH. A Nephite of the first and second century B. C. He was the son of Ishmael and the father of the prophet Amulek. Nothing more than this is known of him, unless he was the Giddonah, who was the High Priest in the land of Gideon, which is not improbable.
# A Dictionary of the Book of Mormon/Gideon, Valley of

​GIDEON, VALLEY OF. See land of Gideon.
# A Dictionary of the Book of Mormon/Gideon, City of

​GIDEON, CITY OF. An important city of the Nephites, situated in a valley of the same name on the eastern side of the river Sidon, and not far from the city of Zarahemla. (See land of Gideon.) It was named in memory of the aged patriarch, slain by Nehor. In B. C. 82, Alma, the High Priest, made this city a missionary visit, and set the Church therein in order, after which he returned to his home in Zarahemla. In B. C. 75, Korihor, the anti-Christ, visited Gideon, and for a short time taught his pernicious doctrines, but he was taken before the High Priest and Chief Judge of that land, examined, and sent over to Zarahemla, to be judged by Alma, the Chief Judge of all the Nephite lands. In B. C. 62, the king-men, under Pachus, drove Pahoran, the Chief Judge, out of Zarahemla, who established himself in Gideon, and issued a proclamation calling the people of the surrounding regions to arms. The patriots assembled at Gideon, where they were, ere long, joined by Moroni, the Nephite ​commander-in-chief, with a large force of volunteers, which he had gathered on his march from Bountiful. The united forces gave battle to Pachus, recaptured Zarahemla, and replaced Pahoran on the judgment seat.
In B. C. 6, Samuel, the Lamanite, pronounced a woe against the city of Gideon for the wickedness and abominations that were in her (Helaman 13:15), but we have no account of the manner of her destruction at the time of the crucifixion of the Redeemer.
# A Dictionary of the Book of Mormon/Giddonah (II)

​GIDDONAH, The presiding High Priest of the Nephite Church in the Land of Gideon (B. C. 75), The only time that his name is mentioned is on the occasion when Korihor, the notorious anti-Christ, was brought before him and the Chief Judge in that land. On this occasion Giddonah appears to have acted with great wisdom and prudence. Finding that Korihor would revile against God, the atonement, the coming of Christ, the acts of the priesthood, etc., and in the hardness of his heart would lie, traduce, and blaspheme in a breath, Giddonah refused to be drawn into a controversy, and simply heard Korihor's outrageous plea in silence, as did also the Chief Justice. Then, considering the matter was one that should be submitted to the highest officers in the whole land, they delivered the impostor into the hands of the proper officers, with instructions to convey him to the city of Zarahemla, and bring him before the presiding civil and ecclesiastical authorities, which was done. It is not improbable that he was the father of the Prophet Amulek (Alma, 10:2).
# A Dictionary of the Book of Mormon/Gideon, Land of

​GIDEON, LAND OF. In a valley on the east of the Sidon was built, during the early days of the republic, an important city, which was named after the martyr Gideon. The valley itself was also known by the same name, and is frequently called the land of Gideon, for we find no evidence to lead to the conclusion that the land extended beyond the valley. Nearly all that we know of this region is contained in a single passage (Alma 7:7), which states that Alma left Zarahemla and went over upon the east of the river Sidon, into the valley of Gideon, there having been a city built which was called the city of Gideon, which was in the valley that was called Gideon, being called after the man who was slain by the hand of Nehor with the sword.
From the references in the historical narrative we incline to the opinion that this valley lay either directly east, or somewhat to the south of the city of Zarahemla. Travelers coming from the north are never mentioned as passing through it on their way to Zarahemla, unless they had a purpose in so doing, as in the case where Moroni marched from the northeast to the relief of Chief Judge Pahoran (Alma, 62). In the same chapter it is stated that Moroni and Pahoran "went down" from Gideon to Zarahemla, which, following the course of the Sidon, would be northward.
After the battle with the Amlicites, in the ​fifth year of the judges, the Nephites, under Alma, pursued them until they reached the valley of Gideon, and there the Nephites pitched their tents. Learning of the approach of an army of Lamanites, Alma moved his troops towards Zarahemla, in order to protect the capital city.
# A Dictionary of the Book of Mormon/Gidgiddonah

​GIDGIDDONAH. A Nephite general, who commanded a corps of ten thousand men in the last great struggle between the Nephites and the Lamanites. He, with all his command, was slain in the final series of battles in the land Cumorah (A. C. 385), when the Nephite nation was annihilated.
# A Dictionary of the Book of Mormon/Gilead

​GILEAD. A Jaredite military commander who contended with Coriantumr for the throne. He succeeded his brother Shared in the command of the armies opposed to Coriantumr. Their first battle occurred in the wilderness of Akish, when many thousands were slain Gilead remained for a time in the wilderness, watched by Coriantumr; but eventually he made a night attack on the enemy, and the latter, being drunken, suffered great loss. Gilead then placed himself on the throne of Coriantumr, and both commanders busied themselves in gathering men to strengthen their respective armies. Gilead, who had the sympathy of some of the secret combinations, received great strength during the two years they were thus engaged, but he was slain by his own high priest as he sat on the throne; an evidence of the intensely corrupt state of society among the Jaredites of that time (towards the close of the seventh century B. C).
# A Dictionary of the Book of Mormon/Gilgah

​GILGAH. One of the four sons (his name is given the second place) of Jared. He was in all probability born in Asia before his father and associates commenced their wonderful journey to America. All we know of him is that when the ​Jaredites desired a king, he was one of those to whom this honor was offered, and who refused. From the general summary given us of the character of the people of that generation, we have every reason to believe he was a righteous man.
# A Complete Course in Dressmaking/Lesson 1/Regulating the tensions

REGULATING THE TENSIONS
On a lock stitch sewing machine, if the tensions are properly regulated, the thread links in the exact center of the fabric. The stitch on the right and wrong side of the goods will look identical. See Fig. 27.
​If the tension on the upper thread is too tight, or the bobbin thread too loose, the upper thread will lie on the surface of the goods. See Fig. 28. The thread is apt to catch and pucker.
On the other hand, where the bobbin thread is tight or the upper thread too loose, the reverse happens, and the thread on the under side (next to the feed) will appear straight on the surface. See Fig. 29. This does not make a pretty stitching, and the thread is apt to pucker. However, it makes a stitching that is easy to rip. Try it sometime, when you are just testing the fit of a garment.
Once the bobbin tension has been properly adjusted, it will need but little change. Usually the tension can be suited to different materials by changing the needle tension.
Always test the tension and length of stitch before starting to stitch the garment.
The Pressure on the Material.—Do you ever regulate the pressure of your sewing machine foot? There should be just sufficient pressure to prevent the goods from raising with the ​needle. On very sheer or flimsy goods, increase the pressure. On extremely thick goods, lessen it.
If your machine is running hard, look at the presser foot. There may be too much pressure.
Turning a Corner.—Run the stitching to the exact corner. Stop the machine with the needle in the goods. Raise the presser foot, turn the material so that it is in the correct position for the next stitching, lower the presser foot, and stitch.
Layout 2
# A Complete Course in Dressmaking/Lesson 1/How to use your fashion magazines

HOW TO USE YOUR FASHION MAGAZINES
Do you get full value out of your fashion magazines? Do they bring the style centers into your sewing room? Do they talk to you and tell you that sleeves are long, or three
quarter, or short, this season; that necks are oval, or boat shape, or perhaps square; that skirts are so long and so wide? Do they give ​you a list of the dresses that you can wear, and those that are suited to Mrs. Somebody Else?
Now don’t blame your fashion magazines if they are not doing all these things for you. The information is there. It’s just a case that you haven’t digested it.
Study your magazines.
It’s really a pleasant pastime for an odd fifteen minutes or so. First, take the question of sleeves. It isn’t necessary to read endless printed pages to find out what they are like, and what they are not like. Run through the pages and look at just sleeves. Make a mental note of what they are like. You can’t take in everything about all the styles at one time, you know.
After you have mastered sleeves, study the neck line. Perhaps, you will find there are two outlines that are equally stylish.
Then there is the question of the placing of the waistline. It needs watching. What it does one season it hardly ever repeats the next. Look through all your fashion magazines and make a study of just waistlines.
The width and length of the skirt is another question that ought to be looked up. It’s helpful also to classify trimmings just by themselves.
Once you have dissected the dresses, coats and suits, part for part, you will have a good ​mental picture of the general lines of the style for the season.
Knowing the styles is really a most important step toward having “style sense.” Go back to our second rule in selecting a really stylish garment on Page 2. The dress must suit the season.
Now try something which may prove a little more difficult. Classify the styles. Turn to the first page of the magazine and decide for what purpose and occasion each costume is intended. You may be surprised to find out that you haven’t been observing in times past. If you are in doubt regarding any of the pictures, refer to the rules of Clothes Etiquette.
If you want to select a style for yourself, it’s a good plan to mark the designs that suit your purpose and that also will be becoming to your type. When you compare them, eliminating those that are not suitable for your purpose or your appearance, it will be an easy matter to make a choice.
Here is where making your dress yourself is going to help out. You can adapt the style to your purpose or to suit your individuality. In fact, the placing of a waistline one inch lower, the shortening of a collar, or the lengthening of a tunic may be the difference between a becoming and an unbecoming frock. If you make your own clothes, you will have stylish ​clothes, prettier clothes—clothes that suit your individuality.
Layout 2
# A Complete Course in Dressmaking/Lesson 1/Proper thread and needles

PROPER THREAD AND NEEDLES
It is important that you use the right thread and the right needle for the material; that is, if you want your machine to run easily and to have really good work. The needle must suit the thread, too. Here are tables for reference:
Layout 2
# A Complete Course in Dressmaking/Lesson 1/How to study

HOW TO STUDY
Read Lesson I through three or four times.
Study just one of the subjects at a time.
After you have read one subject through several times, run over it in your mind and see if there are any points on which you are in doubt. Read it through again, keeping in mind the points on which you want information.
After you are through studying Lesson I, give yourself a little examination. You know you would have to write out an examination paper if you were studying in a class. There are a list of test questions below.
Write down your answers and compare them with the information in Lesson I
Layout 2
# A Biographical Dictionary of the Celebrated Women of Every Age and Country/Gonzaga, (Lucretia)

GONZAGA, (LUCRETIA) an Italian Lady, in the 16th Century,
Famous for her wit, learning, and elegant style of writing, and illustrious for her high birth. Her letters were written in so fine a manner, that they were carefully preserved, and a collection of them printed at Venice, in 1552. There is in them no shew of learning; yet, in a letter to Robortellus, she declares, that his commentaries had led her into the true sense of several obscure passages in Aristotle and Æschilus. All the wits of her time were unanimous in her praise, and Hortensio Lando dedicated a work to her, Upon moderating the Passions ​of the Soul. They corresponded, and she wrote above thirty letters to him, which have all been printed.
She was married to John Paul Maufrane, when she was not fourteen years old, and his conduct afterwards gave her infinite uneasiness. He engaged in a conspiracy against the duke of Ferrara; was detected, imprisoned, and condemned, but not executed; yet she strove in vain to procure his enlargement. She applied to all the powers in Christendom to intercede for him, and even solicited the Grand Signior to make himself master of the castle, in which her husband was imprisoned, without doing other injury to the European powers. What made her the more active was, because she was not permitted to visit him, and they had only the liberty of writing to each other. But all her efforts were fruitless; he died in prison, and shewed himself so impatient under his misfortunes, that it was imagined he lost his senses.
After his death, she would never listen to any proposals of marriage, though several were made. She had by him four daughters. At his death two only were living, whom she put into a nunnery. All that came from her pen was so highly esteemed, that a collection was made even of the notes she wrote to her servants; several of which are to be seen in the edition of her letters.
Many ladies of this name were famous for their learning and other great qualities.
Female Worthies.
# A Biographical Dictionary of the Celebrated Women of Every Age and Country/Graffigny, (Madame de)

GRAFFIGNY, (MADAME DE).
This lady's maiden name was Françoise d'Apponcourt, only daughter to Françoise d'Issembourg, of a noble and ancient German family; she was born in Lorraine, and died at Paris 1758, in the 64th year of her age. To a solid understanding and strength of judgment, she united a susceptible heart, and an amiable disposition; her engaging manners in conversation, charmed all who knew her. The early part of her life was spent in retirement, and in studying the best authors, and she then accompanied Mlle. de Guise to Paris, previous to that lady's marriage with the duke de Richelieu.
Some of her first literary productions were Nouvelle Espagnole, and Les Lettres d'une Peruvienne, (which has been published in England, under the title of The Peruvian Princess); both of which were much admired, but particularly the latter, as it is written with great spirit, and abounds with delicacy of sentiment. The story is simple and interesting, and there is a vein of elegant and gay satire in it, highly amusing. Her theatrical pieces are also much esteemed, particularly Cenie, a comedy in five acts; and another, entitled, La Fille d'Aristide. She also composed many others, in ​verse and prose; but her Peruvian Letters are her chef-d'œuvre; and, without laying claim to the highest palm of genius, are the pleasing productions of a mind of taste and observation.
Mrs. Thicknesse.
# A Biographical Dictionary of the Celebrated Women of Every Age and Country/Gonzaga, (Julia)

GONZAGA, (JULIA) Duchess of Trajetto, and Countess of Fondi, lived iii the 16th Century;
Was the wife of Vespasian Colonna; after whose death, she took for her device an Amaranthus, which the herbalists call Love-flower, with this motto, Non moritura, i.e. never to die; hinting thereby that her first love should be immortal. She was so celebrated for her beauty, that Soliman, emperor of the Turks, wanting to see her, sent Barbarossa, king of Algiers, and his lieutenant-general, with a powerful army to Fondi, the place of her residence, in 1534. But though Barbarossa arrived at night, and took the city by storm, yet Julia escaped; for taking the alarm, she ran away bare-footed, and secured her honour, while she exposed her life to a thousand dangers. This lady has been greatly applauded for her learning; and Thuanus tells us, she was suspected of Lutheranism.
Female Worthies.
# A Biographical Dictionary of the Celebrated Women of Every Age and Country/Gozzadina, (Bettisia)

GOZZADINA, (BETTISIA) a learned Lady of Bologna, who died 1249.
In 1232, at the age of twenty-three, she pronounced ​a beautiful funeral oration in Latin, in the great church of Bologna. She applied herself particularly to the study of the law, became a doctor in that university, and obtained a professor's chair in 1239, gave public lessons and composed many works on the law, which obtained her the esteem of all Europe. She would never marry.
F.C.
# A Biographical Dictionary of the Celebrated Women of Every Age and Country/Graville, (Anna de)

GRAVILLE, (ANNA DE)
Wrote the French poem of Palamon and Arcite, at the command of Claude, queen of Francis I. about the year 1489: she took her story from Boccace's Theseide.
Wharton's Hist, of Eng. Poetry.
# A Biographical Dictionary of the Celebrated Women of Every Age and Country/Gorse, (Marguerite de Beauvoir du Bourg, Marquise de la)

Her poems are held in great estimation, and entitled her to be admitted into the academy des Jeux Floraux, who considered her as one of their greatest ornaments. Her poem of L'Amour et la Fortune, is esteemed excellent. It contains near one hundred and forty lines. She was crowned for this and other compositions several times. It is said her domestic happiness is a proof that genius may add as much to the social comforts of home, as it will enliven gayer scenes.
Mrs. Thicknesse.
# A Biographical Dictionary of the Celebrated Women of Every Age and Country/Gomez, (Madeleine-Angelique Poisson de)

An agreeable and most entertaining writer, possessed of a warm and lively imagination, which rendered her fully equal to all the genius of romance. Her writings are:
1. Lettre sur le Poeme du Clovis, de St. Didier, 8vo. 1725.
2. Histoire Secrette de la Conquete de Grenade, 12mo. 1733.
3. Oeuvres Melees, contenant ses Tragedies et autres Ouvrages, 12mo. 1724.
4. Anecdotes Persannes, 2 vols. 12mo. 1727.
5. Le Triomphe de l'Eloquence, 12mo. 1730.
6. Entretiens Nocturnes de Mercure et de la Renommees, 12mo, 1731.
7. La Jeune Alcidiane, 3 vols. 12mo. 1733.
8. Histoire d'Osman, Empereur de Turcs, 12mo. 2 vol. 1734.
9. Les Cent. une Nouvelles, 12mo. 18 vols. 1732.
10. Journees Amusantes, 12mo. 8 vols. 1733.
11. Histoire du Comte d'Oxfort, 12mo. 1737.
12. Crementine, Reine de Sanga, 12mo. 2 vols. 1740.
13. La Belle Assemblee, 12mo. 4 vols. 1750.
14. Theatrical pieces; Habis, Semiramis, Clearque, Marsidie, et les Epreuves, which were played with great success, particularly the first. She wrote some poetical pieces, in an easy and playful style. In her old age she retired to St. Germain's en Laye, where she died.
Letters on France.
# A Biographical Dictionary of the Celebrated Women of Every Age and Country/Gravio, (Maria Sibilla)

Painted flowers, fruits, herbs, and animals, so true to nature that it was wonderful: she embroidered excellently, and gave lessons in all those studies. She flourished in 1683. Some of her drawings are in the British Museum.
Abec. Pitt.
# A Dictionary of All Religions and Religious Denominations/Heathen

*HEATHEN, a term which, like Gentiles, was applied formerly to all nations but the Jews, and is still applicable to all pagan nations.
# A Dictionary of All Religions and Religious Denominations/Hermogenians

HERMOGENIANS, a denomination which arose towards the close of the second century; so denominated from Hermogenes, a painter by profession. He regarded matter as the turbid fountain of all evil, and could not persuade himself that God had created it, because he was willing to attribute to him nothing but good, he believed however, that from this eternal mass of evil and corruption, the Deity formed this beautiful world, and its inhabitants, both celestial and terrestrial.

## Original footnotes

* ↑ Mosheim, vol. i. p. 190.
# A Dictionary of All Religions and Religious Denominations/Hernhutters

HERNHUTTERS, Moravians, or united brethren, so called from their sttlement at Hernhuth. See United Brethren.
# A Dictionary of All Religions and Religious Denominations/Hemero Baptists

*HEMERO-BAPTISTS, a Jewish sect which practised daily baptism, or frequent religious washings; which is said to have been the case also with the Christians of St. John, at least on some occasions.

## Original footnotes

* ↑ Scotch Theol. Dict.
# A Dictionary of All Religions and Religious Denominations/Herodians

HERODIANS, those Jews who adhered to Herod and the Roman government, and in many instances symbolized with the heathen, in opposition to the patriotic party, which adhered closely to the Mosaic law, and groaned under this foreign yoke. They were chiefly Sadducees, and persons of licentious manners. See Mark viii. 15.

## Original footnotes

* ↑ Stackhouse's Hist. of the Bible, vol. v. p. 128.