OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Leist, Burkard Wilhelm

Edition of 1920. See also Burkard Wilhelm Leist on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
LEIST, līst, Burkard Wilhelm, German jurist: b. Westen, Hanover, 12 July 1819; d. Jena, 31 Dec. 1901. He studied at Göttingen, Heidelberg and Berlin. He was appointed professor of civil law at Basel in 1846, at Rostock in 1847, and from 1853 he filled that chair at the University of Jena. He was a pupil of Savigny. His especial field of research was in the hypothetical field of Indo-Germanic law. Author of ‘Die Bonorum Possessio’ (1844-48); ‘Mancipation und Eigentumstradition’ (1865); ‘Der Römische Erbrechtsbesitz’ (1871); ‘Altarisches Jus Gentium’ (1889); ‘Altarisches Jus Civile’ (1892-96), etc.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Leishman, John G. A.

Edition of 1920. See also John George Alexander Leishman on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
LEISHMAN, John G. A., American diplomat and iron manufacturer: b. Pittsburgh, Pa., 28 March 1857. He was orphaned at an early age and entered the steel industry at Pittsburgh, learning the business in all its intricacies. He succeeded in accumulating a considerable fortune, was senior member of the steel-brokerage firm Leishman and Snyder in 1881-86, and vice-president of Carnegie Brothers and Company from 1887 until 1897, when he became president of the firm in its reorganized form as the Carnegie Steel Company. He shortly afterward retired from business. He accepted the appointment as Minister to Switzerland from President McKinley in 1897, where he remained until his transfer to Turkey in 1900. He particularly distinguished himself for diplomatic tact and dexterity in his negotiations with Turkey for full rights for American citizens and schools in that country, and in his pressing with equal success his insistence that the American Minister should have access to the Sultan. His office was elevated to the rank of Extraordinary Ambassador and Plenipotentiary in 1906 and he continued service in Turkey until President Taft appointed him to the Embassy in Italy in 1909. From 12 Aug. 1911 to 4 Oct. 1913 he was Ambassador to Germany.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Leguminosæ

Edition of 1920. See also Fabaceae on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
LEGUMINOSÆ, a group of plants formerly considered a family, but now generally divided into three families. The term, however, is a convenient one and is retained for the group as a whole. The plants are herbs, shrubs and trees widely distributed in all climates but most numerous in tropical and subtropical regions; growing upon all kinds of soil; exhibiting a great range of habit from creeping annual to climbing shrub; useful for a great variety of purposes — ornament, food, timber, fodder and in the arts; and constituting one of the largest groups of plants, about 7,000 species distributed among about 450 genera. The species are characterized by alternate, stipulate, usually compound leaves; papilionaceous or sometimes regular flowers commonly arranged in racemes; monadelphous, diadelphous or occasionally distinct stamens, typically 10, surrounding a single simple pistil which generally becomes a pod or legume containing one to many seeds.
The species naturally fall into three families: (1) Fabaceæ, with flowers resembling a butterfly; (2) Cæsalpiniaceæ, with imperfectly or not at all papilionaceous corollas, which may sometimes be nearly regular; (3) Mimosacecæ, with small, regular flowers. The first group contains more than two-thirds of the species. Its members are adapted for insect fertilization, especially by bees, which alight upon the lower petals, brush against the pistil which is thrust out by the insect's weight, then come in contact with the stamens and finally carry the pollen, which has been discharged, to other flowers. Thus the pistils receive pollen from stamens not in the same flower with them. In some instances they may also obtain pollen from these stamens, thus having a double chance to be fertilized. See Flowers And Insects.
Perhaps the most interesting trait found in the group is the power possessed by the species of obtaining free nitrogen from the air by means of the tubercles or wart-like excrescences upon their roots. These tubercles are the homes of bacteria which have gained entrance to the plant's tissue through the root-hairs and are thus the result of irritation. The plants, it is believed, furnish the bacteria with carbohydrate food in return for the nitrogenous material prepared by them, thus exhibiting excellent examples of symbiosis (q.v.). Largely owing to this reciprocal action, the legumes are valued as green manures, a fact long acted upon but unexplained until the last quarter of the 19th century, when Hellriegel and other investigators proved it, and even went further to show that soils poor in the bacteria could be inoculated profitably. See Clover; Nitrogen; Root-Tubercles; Green Manuring; Vetch; Cowpea; Bean; Lupine; Acacia; Licorice; Indigo; Sweet Pea; Medic; Laburnum; Tamarind; Mimosa.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Legal Tender

Edition of 1920. See also Legal tender on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
LEGAL TENDER, in its widest sense, an offer to perform a contract according to specified conditions. It also designates the coin and paper money which a creditor may be compelled to accept in payment of debts. Generally speaking, all kinds of United States money are legal tenders in ordinary transactions, either with or without limit as to amount. Specifically, gold coins are a legal tender for any amount; gold and silver certificates are not legal tenders; silver dollars, United States notes and the few United States treasury notes of 1890 still outstanding are unlimited tenders unless otherwise contracted; subsidiary silver coin are legal tenders for all dues to the amount of $10, and minor coin for all dues to the amount of 25 cents. National bank notes are not really legal tenders, but in ordinary business they pass as such. They are receivable at par in payment of dues to the United States, except duties on imports and for payments by the United States, except interest on the public debt or redemption of the national currency. Certificates of deposit payable to order are issued to national banks for United States notes; they bear no interest, and are chiefly used in the settlement of clearing-house balances and in the reserves of the banks. State banks are governed by varying local laws, and their circulation is almost wholly within the several States. Consult Breckenridge, S. P., ‘Legal Tender’ (Chicago 1903); Hepburn, A. B., ‘History of Coinage and Currency in the United States’ (New York 1903); Hunt, A. R., ‘Treatise on the Law of Tender’ (Saint Paul, Minn., 1903); Laughlin, J. L., ‘Economic Effects of Legal Tender,’ in Yale Review (Vol. X, New Haven 1902); Smith, J. C., ‘Legal Tender: Essays’ (London 1910), and United States Revised Statutes, §§ 3584-3590, as amended.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Legume

Edition of 1920. See also Legume on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
LEGUME, lĕg'ūm, the fruit or seed of plants of the Leguminosæ or pulse family. The seed vessel, or pod, has one cell and two valves; is generally dehiscent, opening down both sides, the seeds being borne on the ventral suture. Peas and beans form the most familiar members of the group. Indehiscent legumes, which at maturity break into one-seeded parts, are known as loments.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Legumin

Edition of 1920. See also Legumin on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
LEGUMIN, or vegetable casein, a protein substance analogous to the casein of milk, obtained from beans, pease, lentils, vetches and other leguminous seeds; the principle of the Leguminosæ.
# The Family Kitchen Gardener (1856)/Basil

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BASIL.
O’cymum Basílicums—Basilic, Fr.—Basilikum, Ger.
There are two sorts of Basil, the sweet or large leaved, Ocymum Basilicum; and the small leaved or bush Basil, Ocymum minimum. The qualities of both are the same, but the former is principally used for culinary purposes. They are both annuals; the leaves or tops are the parts gathered for use. The French are very partial to the flavor of this plant; its leaves enter into the composition of many of their soups and sauces; and, on account of their strong flavor of cloves, are used in all highly-seasoned dishes, and even introduced into salads.
Culture.—The seeds should be sown on rich, light ground, about the middle of April, or it may be grown in a gentle hot-bed with early salad, and transplanted to the open ground about the end of the month, in rows one foot apart and six inches from plant to plant. It makes a very good edging for some of the vegetable quarters. It is a tender plant and very easily injured by the early frosts of autumn, previous to which they should be pulled up by the roots, tied in small bunches, and hung up in an airy room or loft to dry. They will retain a great portion of their aromatic qualities for Winter use.
# The Family Kitchen Gardener (1856)/Borage

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BORAGE.
Boràgo officinalis.—Bourrache, Fr.—Borragen, Ger.
This herb is said to have originated from Aleppo, but is now naturalized in many parts of Europe. It is a hardy annual, and easily cultivated, from sowing the seeds in April, which come up without any care. Borage is cultivated in our gardens on account of the supposed cordial virtues of its flowers, but they have long lost their reputation. In Italy its young and tender leaves are in common use, both as a pot-herb and a salad. In France its flowers, with those of Nasturtium, ​are put into salads as an ornament. In England it is now nearly neglected, but the flowers and upper leaves are sometimes used as an ingredient in that Summer beverage composed of wine, water, lemon juice, and sugar, called a cool tankard, to which they seem to give an additional coolness.
# The Family Kitchen Gardener (1856)/Brussels Sprouts

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BRUSSELS SPROUTS.
Brássica oleràcea, var.—Chou de Bruxelles, Fr.—Sprossen. Kohl, Ger.
This variety of the Cabbage is supposed to have originated from the Savoy. It is a celebrated vegetable in Europe, especially near Bruxelles and other large towns in Flanders, where, from October to April, it is an every-day dish on the table of both the rich and the poor. Till recently very little attention has been given to it in this country.
Culture.—Sow the seed in April, and transplant in June, or July, in the same manner as Broccoli. The leaves of the plant are similar to the Savoy, crowning a stem about two feet high, from which grow out numerous little cabbages of from ​one to two inches in diameter. After the sprouts have been frosted (which is necessary to their perfection) they may be gathered. Immerse them in clear water for an hour, and cleanse them from dust and insects; then boil them quickly for about twenty minutes, using plenty of water. When soft, take them up and drain them well. They are then to be put into a stew-pan with cream, or with a little butter thickened with flour, and seasoned to taste, stirring them thoroughly. They may be served up to table with tomato sauce, which greatly heightens their flavor: or seasoned with pepper and salt, and eaten with any sort of meat. As this vegetable is comparatively little known, I have made these observations with a view of encouraging its culture. Plants for seed should have their tops cut off, and the little cabbages allowed to shoot, from which the seed is more perfect. It will keep fresh and sound in a dry place three years, but when grown for that object should not be near any other sort of Cabbage.
# The Family Kitchen Gardener (1856)/Burnet

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BURNET.
Potèrium Sanguisórba—Petite Pimprenelle, Fr.—Pimpernelle, Ger.
Burnet is a hardy perennial plant. The parts made use of are the young leaves, which are put into salads, and by the French very frequently into soups, to which it gives a pleasant and warm taste.
Culture.—Seed may be sown early in Spring, in a row, where they are to remain. Twenty plants will be sufficient for any family. They are also propagated by dividing the roots, and as the young luxuriant leaves are preferable, the plants should be manured every year, and renewed every three or four years.
# The Family Kitchen Gardener (1856)/Borecole

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BORECOLE.
Brássica oleràcea, var.—Chou vert, Fr.—Grüne Kohl, Ger.
Borecole, German Greens, or Scotch Kale, is a very delicate vegetable. It is essential to its perfection that it be fully acted upon by frost before it is cut for the kitchen. There are several varieties of it. The parts used are the top or crown of the plant, with any of the side sprouts. It boils well, and is tender and sweet. The tall and dwarf curly sorts are best adapted for garden culture. Sow the seed in April, along with other Cabbage, which transplant and treat in the same manner.
# The Family Kitchen Gardener (1856)/Blessed Thistle

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BLESSED THISTLE.
Centaurèa benedícta. —Centaurée Sudorifique, Fr.—Cardo benedicten, Ger.
A native of the south of France, Spain, and the Levant. It is annual, and propagated from seed sown in Autumn. This plant has obtained the name of Benedictus, or Blessed, from its supposed extraordinary medicinal qualities. It has an intensely bitter taste and disagreeable smell. It was formerly employed to assist the operation of emetics; but the flowers of Chamomile are now substituted for it with equal advantage. It was also thought, when taken internally, to be peculiarly efficacious in malignant fevers. In loss of appetite, where the stomach has been injured by irregularities, its good effects have been frequently experienced. It has now lost much of its reputation, and does not seem to be essentially different from other simple bitters.
# The Family Kitchen Gardener (1856)/Broccoli

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BROCCOLI.
Brássica oleràcea, var.—Broccoli, Fr.—Italianische Kohl, Ger.
Broccoli is a variety of the Cabbage closely related to the Cauliflower, though not so delicate in flavor as that vegetable. It is supposed to have come originally from the island of Cypress, and was cultivated nearly two hundred years ago. In mild climates it is extensively used from November to March, the various early and late sorts coming to maturity in the very middle of Winter. In this latitude the culture is confined to Grange’s Early White and the Early Purple Cape. In their growth, habit, and eatable parts, they resemble Cauliflower, all of them forming roundish heads in the centre of their leaves, composed entirely of a compact collection of numerous buds or tender advancing shoots.
Grangés Early produces large, fine, white, compact heads, of a conical shape. The leaves cover the heads and afford protection in frosty weather. This sort is so much like Cauliflower that those who ought to be judges have pronounced it such, though the leaves and flavor are entirely different. For a good crop, sow the seed early in April.
Early Purple Cape also produces large sized heads, of a reddish brown color; when genuine, very close and compact. It is rather earlier than the former, and more hardy.
The Dwarf Tartarian, White Malta, and Late White are fine sorts for a mild climate. They will be in use the whole Winter. Sow the seeds in June, and transplant in July, in very rich sandy loam.
Culture.—The seeds should be sown in April and May, in rich soil, on an open exposure, where the plants grow much stronger than near trees or fences. Sow the seeds tolerably thick on the surface; if dry, tramp them down and rake in lightly; if drought continues, give the beds a few waterings ​till the plants appear, which will be in two weeks. Transplant in June or July, when the weather is moist, in rows two feet apart and twenty inches in the row. If the weather is dry when planted, give them water every other day till they begin to grow. Their further culture is to keep them clear of weeds by hoeing and stiring the ground; when they have advanced in growth, draw some earth to their stems, which greatly promotes their luxuriance.
They commence heading in October and continue till destroyed by severe frost. The heads should be cut while they remain close, and before they assume a seedy-like appearance.
In this, and more northern latitudes, it is necessary to put these plants into a shed or cellar, to have them during Winter. Lift them carefully before severe frost, and plant them in earth. They will head well when thus treated, but south of Virginia this vegetable may be had in perfection without the least trouble, excepting the culture. The seed is all imported from Europe.
# The History of Colchester Royal Grammar School

THE COLCESTRIAN. No. 131 (New Series), March, 1947
THE HISTORY OF COLCHESTER ROYAL GRAMMAR SCHOOL
BY
G. H. MARTIN
TABLE OF CONTENTS :
| | | Page |
| Editorial | Editorial | 3 |
| Chapter 1 (to 1539) | Chapter 1 (to 1539) | 3 |
| Chapter 2 (1539 to 1587) | Chapter 2 (1539 to 1587) | 13 |
| Chapter 3 (1587 to 1800) | Chapter 3 (1587 to 1800) | 17 |
| Chapter 4 (1800 to 1899) | Chapter 4 (1800 to 1899) | 25 |
| Chronological Table | Chronological Table | 33 |
| Appendix | 1 | 34 |
| " | 2 | 35 |
| " | 3 | 38 |
| Illustration | 1, Modern school buildings | 2 |
| " | 2, Head Street area | 8 |
| " | 3, Culver Street area | 37 |
This work is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported license, which allows free use, distribution, and creation of derivatives, so long as the license is unchanged and clearly noted, and the original author is attributed.
Attribution: From G.H. Martin The History of Colchester Royal Grammar School, 1947. (abbreviation possible)
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The Endeavour Journal of Sir Joseph Banks/August 1768
## 1768 August 25. Departed Plymouth

After having waited in this place ten days, the ship, and everything belonging to me, being all that time in perfect readyness to sail at a moments warning, we at last got a fair wind, and this day at 3 O'Clock in the even weigd anchor, and set sail, all in excellent health and spirits perfectly prepard (in Mind at least) to undergo with Chearfullness any fatigues or dangers that may occur in our intended Voyage.

## 1768 August 26.

Wind still fair, but very light breezes; saw this Even a shoal of those fish which are particularly calld Porpoises by the seamen, probably the Delphinus Phocaena of Linnaeus, as their noses are very blunt.

## 1768 August 27.

Wind fair and a fine Breeze; found the ship to be but a heavy sailer, indeed we could not Expect her to be any other from her built, so are obligd to set down with this Inconvenience, as a nescessary consequence of her form; which is much more calculated for stowage, than for sailing.

## 1768 August 28.

Little wind today; in some sea water, which was taken on board to season a cask, observed a very minute sea Insect, which Dr Solander describd by the name of Podura marina. In the Evening very calm; with the small casting net took several specimens of Medusa Pelagica, whose different motions in swimming amus'd us very much: among the appendages to this animal we found also a new species of oniscus. We took also another animal, quite different from any we had Ever seen; it was of an angular figure, about 3 inches long and one thick, with a hollow passing quite through it. On one end was a Brown spot, which might be the stomach of the animal.
Four of these, the whole number that we took, adherd together when taken by their sides; so that at first we imagind them to be one animal, but upon being put into a glass of water they very soon separated and swam briskly about the water.

## 1768 August 29.

Wind foul: Morning employd in finishing the Drawings of the animals taken yesterday till the ship got so much motion that Mr Parkinson could not set to his Pencil; in the Evening wind still Fresher so much as to make the night very uncomfortable.

## 1768 August 30.

Wind still Foul, ship in violent motion, but towards Evening much more quiet: Now for the first time my Sea sickness left me, and I was sufficiently well to write.

## 1768 August 31.

Wind Freshend again this morn; observ'd about the Ship several of the Birds calld by the seamen Mother Careys chickens, Procellaria Pelagica Linn. which were thought by them to be a sure presage of a storm, as indeed it provd, for before night it blew so hard as to bring us under our Courses, and make me very sea sick again.
# The Fourteenth of July and Danton/The Fourteenth of July

* related portals: Drama.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
Original play was produced in Paris in 1902.
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THE FOURTEENTH OF JULY (LE 14 JUILLET)
A Play in Three Acts
Pour qu'une nation soit libre, il suffit qu'elle le veuille. La Fayette. 11th July. 1789.
[Le 14 Juillet was produced in Paris in 1902.]
Dedicated to the People of Paris
Author's Note
Cast of Characters
Act I
Act II
Act III
# The Fourteenth of July and Danton/The Fourteenth of July/Author's Note

AUTHOR'S NOTE
The author has sought moral truth in this play rather than anecdotic exactitude. He has seen fit to take greater liberty with the action, which is developed in the poetry of popular legend, than in Danton. In that play, he applied himself to the development of the psychology of certain characters, for the whole drama is concentrated in the souls of three or four great men. It is otherwise with the present work: individuals disappear in the great ocean of the people. If you wish to represent a tempest, you must not describe each wave, but a whole angry sea: an exact rendering of details is much less important than the passionate sweeping truth of the whole. There is something false and insulting to the intelligence in the disproportionate place given nowadays to historic anecdotes, tiny incidents, and the dust shaken out of the pages of history, all of which is emphasized at the expense of the human side. It is my ideal to resuscitate the forces of the past, reveal once more the springs of action, and not to offer a cold and denatured miniature to the curious who care more for externals than for the soul of the hero. I have endeavored to make live again the heroism and the faith of the nation in the throes of the Revolution during the Republican epoch, in order that we, a nation of greater maturity and more than ever conscious of the great destiny that awaits ​us, may continue and finish the work interrupted in 1794. If we are strong enough to realize this, we are strong enough to do our best toward the accomplishment of our task. The end of art is not dreams, but life. Action should spring from the spectacle of action.
# The Fourteenth of July and Danton/The Fourteenth of July/Cast of Characters

CAST OF CHARACTERS:
| La Contat | Gonchon |
| Lucile Duplessis | De Flue |
| Marie Bouju, the Fruit-dealer | Béquart |
| First Woman of the People | Robespierre |
| Second Woman of the People | A Maniac |
| First Woman | A Porter |
| Second Woman | A Notary |
| Third Woman | A French Guard |
| A Young Girl | A Student |
| Little Julie | A Vagabond |
| Hoche | A Shopkeeper |
| Hulin | First News-crier |
| Marat | Second News-crier |
| Camille Desmoulins | An Abbé |
| Vintimille | First Bourgeois |
| De Launey | Second Bourgeois |
| The Man | Third Bourgeois |
Fourth Bourgeois
The People: French Guards, Swiss Guards, Pensioners, Carpenters, Workingmen, Children, etc.
Scene: Paris from the 12th to the 14th July, 1789.
| Act | I. | At the Palais-Royal, Sunday morning, 12th July. |
| Act | II. | The Faubourg Saint-Antoine, Monday night and Tuesday morning, 18th-14th July. |
| Act | III. | The Bastille, Tuesday the 14th July, from four to seven p.m. |
# The Hesperides & Noble Numbers/Hesperides/Leander's Obsequies

119. LEANDER'S OBSEQUIES.
When as Leander young was drown'd No heart by Love receiv'd a wound, But on a rock himself sat by, There weeping sup'rabundantly. Sighs numberless he cast about, And, all his tapers thus put out, His head upon his hand he laid, And sobbing deeply, thus he said:
Ah, cruel sea," and, looking on't, Wept as he'd drown the Hellespont. And sure his tongue had more express'd But that his tears forbade the rest.