OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dunn v. United States

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
284 U.S. 390
Dunn v. United States
Argued: Nov. 24, 1931. --- Decided: Jan 11, 1932
Messrs. Roger O'Donnell, of Washington, D. C., and Raymond T. Coughlin, of Sacramento, Cal., for petitioner.
The Attorney General and Mr. Thomas D. Thacher, Sol. Gen., of Washington, D. C., for the United States.
Mr. Justice HOLMES delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Dunn v. County of Los Angeles

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
357 U.S. 344
Dunn v. County of Los Angeles
Mr. Henry W. Robinson, for appellants.
Mr. Harold W. Kennedy, for appellee County of Los Angeles.
Messrs. Roger J. Whiteford, John J. Wilson, Oscar John Dorwin and Ray A. Pittman, Jr., for appellee Texas Company.
PER CURIAM.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Eckenrode v. Pennsylvania Railroad Company

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
335 U.S. 329
Eckenrode v. Pennsylvania Railroad Company
Argued: Oct. 22, 1948. --- Decided: Nov 15, 1948
Mr. B. Nathaniel Richter, of Philadelphia, Pa., for petitioner.
Mr. Owen B. Rhoads, of Philadelphia, Pa., for respondent.
PER CURIAM.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Eckenrode v. Pennsylvania Railroad Company/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
United States Supreme Court
335 U.S. 329
Eckenrode v. Pennsylvania Railroad Company
Argued: Oct. 22, 1948. --- Decided: Nov 15, 1948
This was a suit in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania in which the petitioner claimed damages under the Federal Employers' Liability Act and the Boiler Inspection Act for the death of her husband while in the respondent's employ as a brakeman.
In response to specific interrogatories, the jury absolved the respondent of liability under the Boiler Inspection Act, but found that there had been such negligence as to create liability under the Federal Employers' Liability Act. It returned a verdict for petitioner. Judgment was entered upon the verdict.
The respondent moved the Court to set aside the verdict and the judgment entered thereon in accordance with its motion for directed verdict under Rule 50 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, 28 U.S.C.A. The judgment was vacated; the verdict set aside, and judgment entered in favor of the respondent. The District Court was of the opinion that there was no evidence upon which a finding of negligence could be predicated, and that, in any event, there was no evidence of a causal relation between the claimed negligence and the accident. 71 F.Supp. 764.
Upon appeal to the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit, the judgment was affirmed. A rehearing was granted, and there was an affirmance with one judge dissenting. 164 F.2d 996.
There is a single question presented to us: Was there any evidence in the record upon which the jury could have found negligence on the part of the respondent which contributed, in whole or in part, to Eckenrode's death? Upon consideration of the record, the Court is of the opinion that there is no evidence, nor any inference which reasonably may be drawn from the evidence, when viewed in a light most favorable to the petitioner, which can sustain a recovery for her.
Accordingly, the judgment is affirmed.
Affirmed.
Mr. Justice BLACK, Mr. Justice DOUGLAS, Mr. Justice MURPHY and Mr. Justice RUTLEDGE dissent.

## Notes

* ↑ 35 Stat. 65, 53 Stat. 1404, 45 U.S.C. § 51, 45 U.S.C.A. § 51.
* ↑ 36 Stat. 913, as amended, 45 U.S.C. § 23, 45 U.S.C.A. § 23.
* ↑ 45 U.S.C. § 51, 45 U.S.C.A. § 51.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Ecker v. Western Pacific Railroad Corporation

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
318 U.S. 448
Ecker v. Western Pacific Railroad Corporation
Argued: Oct. 13, 14, 1942. --- Decided: March 15, 1943
See 318 U.S. 803, 63 S.Ct. 985, 87 L.Ed. --.
[Syllabus from pages 448-450 intentionally omitted]
Mr. Robert T. Swaine, of New York City, for Institutional Bondholders Committee.
Mr. Russell L. Snodgrass, of Washington, D.C., for Reconstruction Finance Corporation.
Mr. Harold C. McCollom, of New York City, for Irving Trust Co., Trustee of General and Refunding Mortgage.
Mr. M. C. Sloss, of San Francisco, Cal., for Western Pac. R.R. corporation.
Mr. Robert E. Coulson, of New York City, for A. C. James Co.
Mr. E. G. Buckland, of New Haven, Conn., for Railroad Credit Corporation.
Mr. Orville W. Wood, of New York City, for Crocker First Nat. Bank of San Francisco, et al., Trustees of First Mortgage.
Mr. Justice REED delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Eckert v. Burnet

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
283 U.S. 140
Eckert v. Burnet
Argued: March 19, 1931. --- Decided: April 13, 1931
Messrs. Henry T. Dorrance and C. R. Dewey, both of Utica, N. Y., for petitioner.
The Attorney General and Mr. Claude R. Branch, of Providence, R. I., for respondent.
Mr. Justice HOLMES delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Eclipse (Shorter)

“So for the luxury of the flesh, wrap it in fur of fox that it be warm…”
* Shorter, Dora Sigerson (1893), "Eclipse" in Verses
* Shorter, Dora Sigerson (1907), "Eclipse" in The Collected Poems of Dora Sigerson Shorter
# Eckert v. Burnet/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
United States Supreme Court
283 U.S. 140
Eckert v. Burnet
Argued: March 19, 1931. --- Decided: April 13, 1931
The Commissioner of Internal Revenue determined that there was a deficit of $3,378.89 in the petitioner's income tax for the year 1925 under the Revenue Act of 1924 (43 Stat. 253). The petitioner claimed a deduction from income of $22400 as a bad debt. The deduction was disallowed by the Commissioner, by the Board of Tax Appeals and, in review, by the Circuit Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. 42 F.(2d) 158. A writ of certiorari was allowed by this Court. 282 U.S. 826, 51 S.C.t. 76. 75 L. Ed. -.
The petitioner's tax return was on the cash basis. The facts of the transaction concerned were that the petitioner and his partner were joint endorsers of notes issued by a corporation that they had formed. There remained due upon these notes $44800, that the corporation was unable to pay. In 1925 the petitioner and his partner in settlement of their liability made a joint note for that sum to the bank that held the corporation's paper, received the old notes, marked paid, and destroyed them. The petitioner claims the right to deduct half that sum as a debt 'ascertained to be worthless and charged off within the taxable year' under the Revenue Act of 1926, c. 27, § 214(a)(7), 44 Stat. 9, 27 (26 USCA § 955(a)(7).
It seems to us that the Circuit Court of Appeals sufficiently answered this contention by remarking that the debt was worthless when acquired. There was nothing to charge off. The petitioner treats the case as one of an investment that later turns out to be bad. But in fact it was the satisfaction of an existing obligation of the petitioners, having, it may be, the consequence of a momentary transfer of the old notes to the petitioner in order that they might be destroyed. It is very plain we think that the words of the statute cannot be taken to include a case of that kind. We do not perceive that the case is bettered by the fact that some of the original notes years before were given for property turned over to the corporation by the partnership that formed it. For the purpose of a return upon a cash basis there was no loss in 1925. As happily stated by the Board of Tax Appeals the petitioner 'merely exchanged his note under which he was primarily liable for the corporation's notes under which he was secondarily liable, without any outlay of cash or property having a cash value.' A deduction may be permissible in the taxable year in which the petitioner pays cash. The petitioner says that it was definitely ascertained in 1925 that thepet itioner would sustain the losses in question. So it was, if the petitioner ultimately pays his note. So was the tax considered in United States v. Mitchell, 271 U.S. 9, 12, 46 S.C.t. 418, 70 L. Ed. 799, but it could not be deducted until it was paid.
Judgment affirmed.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Bathing, in general

Edition of 1802.
​BATHING, in general, signifies the act of immersing the body, or part of it, into water, or any other fluid; and is a practice coeval with mankind.
The ancient Greeks, Romans, and Germans, as well as the Persians, Turks, and especially the modern Egyptians, enjoy the comforts and luxuries procured by bathing, in a degree of which we can scarcely form an adequate conception. Those who wish to amuse themselves with reading one of the most animated, nay, almost enchanting accounts relative to this subject, we must refer to M. Savary's "Letters on Egypt." From these it appears, that bathing is employed by those voluptuaries, not only for procuring the most delightful sensations, and removing that irksomeness and apathy which is the general concomitant of an idle or sensual life, but likewise with a view to prevent or cure rheumatisms, catarrhs, or such cutaneous diseases as their climate produces, by an atmosphere loaded with humid and impure exhalations, and highly unfavourable to insensible perspiration. The Egyptian baths are said to be heated by the steam of water artificially combined with odoriferous fumes, which penetrate into all the pores, so that they are, in some degree, similar to those of the Russians, before described. And though M. Tournefort is of opinion that vapour-baths have a tendency to injure the organs of respiration, yet if credit be due to Savary, there are no people on earth who are less troubled with asthmatic complaints than the Egyptians; and few nations so passionately fond of such bathing. In short, we cannot suppress the remarks formerly made on this important branch of dietetic regimen, that, "though the ancients could less dispense with the use of the bath, on account of the frequency of their athletic exercises, as well as from the want of linen, which was then much less in use than at present, yet in our times, it would be of great service, if the use of baths were, more general and frequent, and this beneficial practice not confined to particular places or seasons, as a mere matter of fashion. Considered as a species of universal domestic remedy, as one which forms the basis of cleanliness, bathing, in its different forms, may be pronounced one of the most extensive and beneficial restorers of health and vigour."
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Bay-salt

Edition of 1802.
​BAY-SALT, a kind of brownish impure salt, manufactured in France, Italy, and other countries, by evaporating sea-water in clay-pits; which is effected at a small expence, and with little trouble.
This salt is more or less adapted to all domestic uses, and forms a profitable article of commerce, as it is exported in large quantities. According to the clay employed in making the pits, it acquires different shades of colour; and, in favourable seasons, the French manufacture not only what is wanted for home consumption, but likewise considerable quantities for exportation. The greatest difficulty which attends the making of bay-salt in England, arises from a deficiency of heat in summer; because here the rays of the sun are not powerful enough to evaporate a large mass of sea-water in a certain time. However, the practicability of imitating the French, in the preparation of this article, has been clearly proved by Dr. Brownrigg. Such of our readers as are desirous of information on this subject, we refer to his pamphlet; from which copious extracts, together with remarks, have been inserted in the first volume of the "Museum Rusticum et Commerciale," p. 272; a work published in the year 1764, and well known to rural economists.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Basket-salt

Edition of 1802.
​Basket-salt is made from the water of the salt springs in Cheshire, and other places. It differs from the common brine-salt, in the fineness of the grain, as well as on account of its whiteness and purity. In preparing the former kind, some persons use resin and other ingredients, for separating the crystals, and reducing them to a smaller grain; others effect this by keeping up a brisk fire under the pans, and constantly stirring the salt; but the most approved method of manufacturing basket-salt is, to take out for this purpose, the third draught of every pan which is working for the common brine-salt; and to do this before the granules or crystals are perfectly formed. Thus the salt will become very fine; and it is then hard pressed into small wicker-baskets, dried at the stove and kept for sale.
As there prevails, in many families, a prejudice against this species of salt, from an idea that some pernicious articles are used in the chemical process of preparing it, we advise those who are under the influence of such apprehension, to reduce common salt to powder, in a marble or iron mortar: but it requires to be previously cleaned or purified, by dissolving, and again evaporating it to dryness; in which state it may easily be pounded.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Baths, Dry

Edition of 1802.
​BATHS (Dry) were formerly made of ashes, salt, sand, shreds of leather, and similar substances.—Celsus informs us, that the ancients had a variety of sweating-baths by a dry heat, and especially by certain steams naturally emitted from the earth, and received under a proper arch or hot-house; or sometimes by means of hot sand, stove-rooms, or artificial bagnios. Of the last mentioned establishment we have already given a short account, under the head of Bagnio; ​and we shall here only caution the reader against their improper use, on the authority of Dr. Arbuthnot, who says, in his excellent work "On the Effects of Air on Human Bodies," (8vo. 3s. 6d.) that he has seen two instances of malignant fevers produced by the hot air of a bagnio.
Although many cases are recorded by medical and other authors, from which it appears that dry-baths have often been found beneficial in removing obstinate pains in the limbs, and even curing that odious disorder which salivation cannot always remove, yet we have reason to doubt their efficacy, when unassisted by internal medicines. In such cases as rheumatism, gout, palsy, &c. where profuse perspiration is necessary, as it were, to expel the malignant morbid humours, there is no occasion for resorting to the precarious use of dry-baths; we would, therefore, preferably recommend the Prussian Vapour Bath, which was lately used in the army of that kingdom, with almost general success. It simply consists of a close wooden box, the lower part of which resembles a common night-chair, in which is placed a large vessel with boiling water: the upper compartment has only one aperture on the top, opening with two horizontal doors, having in the centre an excision large enough to admit a person's neck with ease. In such a box the patient is placed for one, two, or three hours, according to the nature of his case, and the degree of perspiration deemed necessary.—There can be no reasonable objection against this simple contrivance, which, with a few improvement, deserves to be adopted in the British army, and especially in the navy, where want of room, and other circumstances, might render it, on many occasions, extremely useful.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Bat

Edition of 1802.
​BAT, or Vespertilio, an animal which seems to fill up the chasm between quadrupeds and birds; with the latter, however, it has in common only the power of flying, as Nature has provided it with a smooth gauze-like web, serving the purpose of wings.
There are twenty-eight species of this animal, of which only four are natives of Britain. The common bat is nearly the size of a mouse, and flies about, in quest of moths and other insects, in fine summer evenings, with a rapid and irregular motion, resembling that of a butterfly. When it alights on the ground, it is unable to fly again, till it has crawled to some ​height. It remains torpid during the winter in some subterraneous retreat, revives in the beginning of spring, and the female brings forth from two to five young at a time, which it suckles like other mammillary animals.
As the bats of our climate are frequently troublesome, by infesting chimneys, and annoying the neighbourhood of dwellings, we shall communicate a method of destroying them, nearly in the words of the Encyclopædia Britannica. Take the flower-cups of burdock, whiten them with chalk, and throw them up into the way of their flight: thus attracted by the whiteness of the substance, the bats injure their membraneous wings by the hooks of the bur, and fall to the ground.
In our opinion, these animals are more useful than injurious; as they devour a multitude of insects; though they likewise prey upon bacon, and other animal food suspended in chimneys. But having very formidable natural enemies in the owls, which chase them into hollow trees and obscure holes of walls, there will be little occasion for persecuting them with the burdock.
# Embree v. Kansas City & Liberty Boulevard Road District

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
240 U.S. 242
Embree v. Kansas City & Liberty Boulevard Road District
Argued and Submitted January 18 and 19, 1916.
Decided February 21, 1916.
Messrs. Harris L. Moore, W. A. Craven, Ernest Simrall, James S. Simrall, and John M. Cleary for plaintiffs in error.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 243-244 intentionally omitted]
Messrs. William M. Williams and Claude Hardwicke for defendants in error.
Mr. Justice Van Devanter delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Embroidery and Fancy Work

Containing Directions for
EMBROIDERING, PAINTING, MODELLING, CARVING, ETC.
CHICAGO: THE BELFORD-CLARKE COMPANY, 1889.
Copyright, 1887, By Belford, Clarke & Company.
INTRODUCTION.
I like the old-fashioned term "fancy-work," because it is such a true word. To many a woman whose life is, of necessity, spent chiefly in the pursuit of very prosaic and wearing duties, the painting of a tile, the working or knitting of a bit of lace, the copying of a flower in silk or worsted, is, indeed, fancy work. It is a little opening into the ideal world which does her untold good, and which serves to brighten and cheer long days of plain sewing, sweeping, dusting, etc.
In preparing this manual, my aim has been to give such a variety of directions and hints, that something may be found to suit every taste. And while I have endeavored, at the risk of being blamed for undue prolixity, to make my directions extremely plain and practical, I have tried to make them also suggestive. I hope this book may be to many a guide post pointing on to pleasant fields not described in it.
I have tried to make my directions thoroughly reliable, having, in most instances, verified them as I wrote. As far as possible, I have avoided technical terms, thinking simplicity desirable. I am particularly indebted to Mrs. Glaister's book on Art Embroidery, to the Art Interchange, and to Mr. C. G. Leland, of the Philadelphia Industrial ​School, who very kindly responded to my request for information.
The chapters on Decorative Design, Repoussee Work, Leather Work, and Papier-Mache, derive most of their authority from the writings of the latter gentleman. I would advise any one interested in these subjects to consult Mr. Leland's Manuals, which are written with an enthusiasm and clearness most inspiring.
Much care has been exercised in selecting the illustrations, none being given which cannot easily be understood by the aid of the directions.
In conclusion, I would beg my readers to bear in mind that success in any work, whether decorative or otherwise, cannot be achieved at once. The old adage, "Make haste slowly," has lost none of its force.
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
PAGE
# Duke Power Company v. Greenwood County (302 U.S. 485)

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
302 U.S. 485
Duke Power Company v. Greenwood County
Argued: Dec. 7, 8, 1937. --- Decided: Jan 3, 1938
Mr. W. S. O'B. Robinson, Jr., of Charlotte, N.C., for petitioners.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 485-489 intentionally omitted]
Messrs. W. H. Nicholson, of Greenwood, S.C., and D. W. Robinson, Jr., of Columbia, S.C., for respondent Greenwood County.
Mr. Jerome N. Frank, of New York City, for respondents Ickes and others.
Mr. Justice SUTHERLAND delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse