OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bromley, William (1699?-1737)

1904 Errata appended.
​BROMLEY, WILLIAM (1699?–1737), politician, was second son of William Bromley (1664-1732) [q. v.] He was elected upon the foundation at Westminster in 1714, at the age of 15. He was a member of Oriel College, Oxford, and was created D.C.L. on 19 May 1732. He was elected member for the borough of Warwick in 1727. On 13 March 1734 he was put forward by the party opposed to Walpole to move the repeal of the Septennial Act. Parliament was soon afterwards dissolved, and Bromley lost his seat for Warwick. He was elected in February 1737, on the death of George Clarke, to represent the university of Oxford, which his father had represented from 1702 till 1732. He died the following month, 12 March 1737. His wife, by whom he left no issue,, was a Miss Frogmorton. His portrait is in the Bodleian Gallery.
[Welch's Queen's Scholars, pp. 265, 544; Gent. Mag. vii. 189; Parl. Hist. ix. 396; Wood's History and Antiquities (Gutch), ii. 977; Official Lists of Members of Parliament.]
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.37 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
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| 404 | ii | 30 | Bromley, William (1699?-1737): for of Warwick read of Fowey in 1725 and of Warwick |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Brompton, John

​BROMPTON, JOHN (fl. 1436), supposed chronicler, was elected abbot of Jorvaux in 1436. The authorship of the compilation printed in Twysden's 'Decem Scriptores' (col. 725-1284, Lond. 1652), with the title 'Chroicon Johannis Brompton, Abbatis Jorvalensis, ab anno quo S. Augustinus venit in Angliam usque mortem Regis Ricardi Primi,' is uncertain. It has been ascribed to Brompton on the strength of an inscription at the end of the C. C. C. Cambridge MS., which probably means nothing more than that Brompton had that manuscript transcribed for him. Sir T. D. Hardy has pointed out that the compilation must have been made after the middle of the fourteenth century, as it contains many extracts from Higden, who is referred to, 'and that there is reason to believe that it was based on a previous compilation, made probably by a person connected with the diocese of Norwich.' The work is wholly uncritical, and, having been widely accepted as authoritative by writers of past times, has been the means of importing many fables into our history.
[Hardy's Descriptive Catalogue of Materials relating to the History of Great Britain, ii. 539-541; Dugdale's Monasticon, v. 567.]
W. H.
# Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century/Cornelius (2), bishop of Rome

​Cornelius (2), bp. of Rome, successor of Fabianus, said to have been son of Castinus. After the martyrdom of Fabianus in Jan. 250, in the Decian persecution, the see remained vacant for a year and a half. In June, A.D. 251, Cornelius was elected to the vacant post; and, although very reluctantly, he accepted an election almost unanimously made by both orders, during the life of a tyrant who had declared that he would rather see a new pretender to the empire than a new bishop of Rome (Cyprian, Ep. lii.). Decius was at that time absent from Rome, prosecuting the Gothic war which ended in his death in the winter of the same year. The persecution of the Christians thus came to an end; but then arose the difficult question of how to treat the libellatici, Christians who had bought their life by the acceptance of false certificates of having sacrificed to heathen gods. Cornelius took a line at variance with that of Cyprian and the church of Carthage, which required rigorous penance as the price of readmission, while Rome prescribed milder terms. The difference was kept alive by the discontent of the minority within both the churches. This was represented at Carthage by Novatus, who separated from the church when unable to obtain less harsh terms; in Rome by a man of similar name, Novatian, who was in favour of greater rigour than the church would allow. Novatus crossed the sea to aid Novatian in designs at Rome which must have been directly opposed to his own at Carthage. Mainly by his influence Novatian was consecrated a bishop, and thus constituted the head of a schismatic body in Rome. Eusebius (Hist. Eccl. vi. 43) quotes from a letter of bp. Cornelius to bp. Fabius of Antioch, in which he gives an account of his rival, with statistics as to the number of Roman clergy in his day. These were 46 priests, 7 deacons, 7 subdeacons, 42 acolytes, 52 exorcists, 52 readers and ostiarii; 1,500 widows and orphans were provided for by the church.
The Novatianist heresy gave rise to a correspondence between Cyprian and Cornelius. Persecution was revived in Rome by Gallus, and Cornelius, followed by almost the whole church (among whom were many restored libellatics), took refuge at Centumcellae in Etruria. There Cornelius died, and another bishop, Lucius, was at the head of the church when it returned. It is doubtful whether Cornelius died a violent death. Cyprian and Jerome both speak of him as a martyr. He died Sept. 14, 252. His name as a martyr has been found in the Catacombs at some little distance from those of other popes, and in a cemetery apparently devoted almost exclusively to the gens Cornelia, whence De Rossi argues that he probably belonged to that patrician gens (Roma Sotterranea, by Northcote and Brownlow, pp. 177‒183).
[G.H.M.]
# Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century/Cosmas (1) and Damianus

​Cosmas (1) and Damianus, brothers, physicians, "silverless" martyrs. They became types of a class, the ἀνάργυροι, "silverless" martyrs, i.e. physicians who took no fees, but went about curing people gratis, and claiming as their reward that those whom they benefited should believe in Christ. They were certainly not earlier than the last quarter of the 3rd cent., and the legends of martyrs of that time, whose fame is known only by popular tradition, seem in many cases to succeed naturally to the place of those heathen myths that were slowest to die. For Hercules, Christopher; for Apollo, Sebastian; for Diana, Ursula; for Proserpine, Agnes. Cosmas and Damian take the place of Aesculapius, in whose story heathenism made the nearest approach to Christianity. The Greeks distinguished three pairs of these brothers. (1) July 1, in the time of Carinus; (2) Oct. 27, Arabs, with their brothers, Anthimus, Leontius, and Euprepius, martyred under Diocletian; (3) Nov. 1, sons of Theodote. (Menol.) For the legends connected with them see D. C. B. (4-vol. ed.). The names were early inserted in the Canon of the Mass.
[E.B.B.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Herdman, William Gawin

​HERDMAN, WILLIAM GAWIN (1805–1882), artist and author, was born on 13 March 1805 at Liverpool, where his father was a corn merchant. He was an art teacher for many years in his native town, and an active member of the Liverpool Academy, until about 1857, when he was expelled for some action he had taken in protesting against the patronage of pre-Raphaelite artists by that institution. He then started a ​ rival establishment. He exhibited several landscapes at the Royal Academy and the Suffolk Street Gallery between 1834 and 1861, besides many works at local exhibitions. He was very successful in his topographical views, a large collection of which is preserved at the Liverpool Free Library. His principal publication was entitled ‘Pictorial Relics of Ancient Liverpool, accompanied with Descriptions of Antique Buildings.’ 1843, fol.; 2nd ser. 1856. He also published: 1. ‘Views of Fleetwood-on-Wyre,’ Manchester, 1838, fol. 2. ‘Studies from the Folio of W. H.,’ Manchester, 1838, fol. 3. Three papers on linear perspective, in the ‘Art Journal.’ 1849–50. 4. ‘A Treatise on the Curvilinear Perspective of Nature, and its Applicability to Art,’ 1853, 8vo. 5. ‘Thoughts on Speculative Cosmology and the Principles of Art,’ 1870, 8vo. 6. ‘Hymns and Sacred Melodies,’ 4to. 7. ‘A Treatise on Skating.’ 8. Poems in manuscript and print (in the Liverpool Free Library). He died at Liverpool on 29 March 1882. One of his sons, William Herdman, published in 1864 a volume of ‘Views of Modern Liverpool.’
[Liverpool Mercury, 1 April 1882; Graves's Dict. of Artists, 1884, p. 114; South Kensington Cat. of Books on Art; Liverpool Free Library Cat.]
C. W. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Herbison, David

[Autobiog. Preface to the Snow-Wreath; Memoir by the Rev. D. McMeekin, Ballymena, prefixed to the collected edition of his works, Belfast, 1883; obituary notices.]
T. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Herd, John

​HERD, JOHN, M.D. (1512?–1588), historian, was born about 1512 ‘in that part of Surrey which adjoins the city of London.’ After being educated at Eton, he was admitted a scholar of King's College, Cambridge, on 16 Aug. 1529, and a fellow on 17 Aug. 1532. He proceeded B.A. in 1534, and commenced M.A. in 1546. On 19 Oct. 1557 he became prebendary of Lincoln. In 1558 he was created M.D. On 14 April 1559 he became prebendary of York. He died in the early part of 1588. Sir William Cecil asked Herd on 14 April 1563, by request of the queen, to deliver up at once for perusal certain collections and commonplace notes in his possession made by Cranmer. Cecil wrote to Archbishop Parker on 25 Aug. 1563 that he had recovered five or six of Cranmer's books from Herd. Herd wrote ‘Historia Anglicana, heroico carmine conscripta: inscripta D. Gul. Cecilio. Continet autem Regna RR. Edw. IV et V, Ric. III et Hen. VII’ (Cotton. MS. Julius, C. ii. 136). At the beginning are several copies of verses in praise of the author. In Sloane MS. 1818, f. 132, is a copy of the part relating to Henry VII. A copy of the entire work is mentioned in R. Scott's ‘Catalogue of Books,’ 1687 (p. 175). Herd contributed to the university collection of verse issued on the death of Martin Bucer, 1550–1.
[Cooper's Athenæ Cantabr. ii. 40–1, 543.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Herdman, John

​HERDMAN, JOHN, M.D. (1762?–1842), medical writer, was born in Scotland about 1762. He became a member of the Medical Society of Edinburgh on 14 Dec. 1793 (List of Members, 1820, p. 40), and a member of the College of Surgeons of Edinburgh on 26 Dec. 1797, being subsequently elected a fellow (List of Fellows of Coll. of Surg. of Edinburgh, 1874, p. 36). He practised for some years at Leith. On 12 July 1800 he took the degree of M.D. at Aberdeen, and on 31 March 1806 was admitted a licentiate of the College of Physicians. Removing to London, he was chosen physician to the City Dispensary and physician to the Duke of Sussex. He withdrew from practice upon entering Trinity College, Cambridge, where he graduated B.A. in 1814, and M.A. in 1817. Then, having received ordination in the church of England, he preached occasionally at Alnwick, Howick, and other towns in Northumberland. He died at Lesbury House, near Alnwick, on 26 Feb. 1842, aged 80 (Gent. Mag. 1842, pt. i. p. 447). His marriage with the daughter of C. Hay of Lesbury brought him considerable wealth, a large portion of which he spent in charity. His writings are: 1. ‘An Essay on the Causes and Phenomena of Animal Life,’ 8vo, Edinburgh, 1795; 2nd edit. London, 1806. 2. ‘Dissertations on White Swelling of the Joints and the Doctrine of Inflammation,’ 8vo, Edinburgh, 1802. 3. ‘Discourse on the Epidemic Disease termed Influenza,’ 8vo, Edinburgh, 1803. 4. ‘Discourses on the Management of Infants and the Treatment of their Diseases,’ 8vo, Edinburgh, 1804; London, 1807. 5. ‘A Letter proposing a Plan for the Improvement of Dispensaries and the Medical Treatment of the Diseased Poor,’ 8vo, London, 1809.
[Munk's Coll. of Phys. 1878, iii. 33; Dict. of Living Authors, 1816, p. 153; Watt's Bibl. Brit.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Herebert

​HEREBERT or HERBERT, Saint (d. 687), hermit, resided on the island in Derwentwater which still bears his name. He was a disciple and close friend of St. Cuthbert, to whom he paid an annual visit for spiritual advice. The two friends both died on 20 March 687, Herebert suffering much from sickness before his death. In 1374 Thomas Appleby, bishop of Carlisle, directed the vicar of Crossthwaite to hold a yearly mass on St. Herebert's Isle on 15 April (the document is printed in Smith's edition of Bæda, App. p. 783). The remains of Herebert's cell are still shown. Mayhew, in his ‘Trophæa Congregationis Anglicanæ Ord. S. Benedicti,’ erroneously claims Herebert for his order.
[Bædæ Hist. Eccl. iv. 29, and Vita S. Cuthberti, c. 28; Anonymi Vita S. Cuthberti, c. 38, in Stevenson's edition of Bede's Minor Works (Engl. Hist. Soc.); Bollandists' Acta Sanctorum, March iii. 142–3; Hardy's Cat. Brit. Hist. i. 296; Dict. Christ. Biog.]
C. L. K.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Herdson, Henry

​HERDSON, HENRY (fl. 1651), writer on mnemonics, probably received part of his education at Cambridge, as he terms that university his ‘dearest mother.’ He styled himself professor of the art of memory by public authority in the university of Cambridge. Afterwards he taught his art in London at the Green Dragon, against St. Antholin's Church. In or about 1649, when Dr. Thomas Fuller [q. v.] came out of the pulpit of St. Dunstan's-in-the-East, Herdson told him in the vestry, before credible people, that he, in Sidney College, Cambridge, had taught him the art of memory, but the doctor denied that he had seen Herdson before.
He wrote: 1. ‘Ars Mnemonica, sive Herdsonus Bruxiatus; vel Bruxus Herdsoniatus,’ London, 1651, 8vo. 2. ‘Ars Memoriæ: The Art of Memory made plaine,’ London, 1651, 8vo. These works are usually bound up together. The first is a republication of a portion of Brux's ‘Simonides Redivivus;’ the second, which is reprinted in Feinaigle's ‘Art of Memory’ (ed. 1813, pp. 297–317), consists of a meagre epitome of the principles of the mnemonic art.
[Addit. MS. 5871, f. 195; Notes and Queries, 3rd ser. iii. 383; Bailey's Life of Fuller, p. 413.]
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Gostlin, John (1566?-1626)

​GOSTLIN, JOHN (1566?–1626), master of Gonville and Caius College, belonged to a family which sent many members to Cambridge. He was born in Norwich in or about 1566, and was the son of Robert Gostlin of that city. After being at school at Norwich for six years he was admitted at Caius College, 22 Nov. 1582, as a scholar. He graduated A.B. 1586–7, A.M. 1590, and M.D. 1602 (incorporated M.D. at Oxford, 1612). He was elected to a fellowship about Easter 1591–2, which he retained till he became master, 26 Feb. 1618–19. On the death of Dr. Legge (12 July 1607) ‘seven of the fellows chose Dr. Gostlin master, but because there was some ambiguity in one of the seven the Earl of Salisbury, then chancellor, vacated the election and appointed Dr. Branthwayt, then fellow of Emmanuel, master’ (Baker MSS. v. 24). Gostlin then retired to Exeter, where he practised physic, and was returned as M.P. for Barnstaple in 1614. After Dr. Branthwayt's death (1618) the fellows immediately met and chose Gostlin. The king's letter was brought soon after, recommending a divine, but they renewed their choice, and it was acceded to (Cal. State Papers, 1607, 1619). In 1623 he was appointed regius professor of physic, to which he was recommended by Dr. Isaac Barrow as being ‘the best man of his profession in the university’ (ib. 1623, pp. 605, 619). He was twice vice-chancellor of the university, dying during his second tenure of the office, 21 Oct. 1626. There is an account of his death in Mead's ‘Letters’ (Harl. MS. 390). His will is dated 19 Oct. 1626, and was proved (P. C. C.) 6 Dec. 1626. He was buried in the college chapel, where there is a monument to him. There is a portrait of him in the college lodge. He does not appear to have published any works. He was a benefactor to Gonville and Caius and St. Catharine's colleges. At the former he founded scholarships of the value of 40l. a year (College Records; Baker MSS.; Cooper, Athenæ Cantabr.; and other sources). There is a special commemoration for him in the college.
J. V.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Gosselin, Thomas le Marchant

​GOSSELIN, THOMAS LE MARCHANT (1765–1857), admiral, second son of Colonel Joshua Gosselin of the militia, entered the navy in 1778 on board the Actæon with ​tain Boteler, whom he followed to the Ardent, and was captured with her off Plymouth by the combined fleets of France and Spain on 16 Aug. 1779. In October 1780 he was appointed to the Barfleur, flag-ship of Sir Samuel (afterwards Lord) Hood [q. v.], and was present in her in the several actions in North America and West Indies, and notably in that off Dominica on 12 April 1782. He was promoted to be lieutenant in 1787, and while serving with Commodore Cornwallis in the Crown, on the East India station, was promoted to command the Dispatch brig on 23 April 1793. In March 1794 he was moved into the Kingfisher sloop, and in her assisted in the capture of a small French convoy off Belleisle. In July 1794 he was posted into the Brunswick. In 1795 he was appointed to the Diamond, and from her to the Syren, which he commanded during the operations on the coast of France under Sir Richard John Strachan [q. v.] In March 1798 he went in charge of a convoy to Jamaica, and assisted in the reduction of Surinam in August 1799. During the summer of 1804 he commanded the Ville de Paris as flag-captain to Admiral Cornwallis, and in 1805, in the Latona, had command of the inshore squadron off Brest. In February 1806 he was appointed to the Audacious, one of the squadron under Sir Richard Strachan, and afterwards, in 1807, of the Channel fleet. In 1808, with Sir Harry Burrard and his staff on board, he convoyed a large force of troops to the Tagus, and covered the embarkation of the army at Corunna in January 1809, a service for which he received the thanks of parliament. He had no further service afloat, but became rear-admiral on 4 June 1814, vice-admiral on 27 May 1825, admiral on 23 Nov. 1841, and died (the senior admiral of the red) in 1857. He married in 1809 Sarah, daughter of Jeremiah Hadsley of Ware Priory, Hertfordshire, and left issue.
J. K. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Goss, Alexander

​GOSS, ALEXANDER, D.D. (1814–1872), Roman catholic bishop of Liverpool, born at Ormskirk, Lancashire, on 5 July 1814, was educated at St. Cuthbert's College, Ushaw, and at the English College, Rome, where he was ordained priest by Cardinal Fransoni in 1841. In October 1842 he was appointed by Dr. George Brown [q. v.], Roman catholic bishop of Liverpool, to join Dr. Fisher as one of the superiors in St. Edward's College, Everton, which, under their management, was first opened as a catholic college 16 Jan. 1843. Goss continued there as vice-president until 20 Jan. 1853, when he was elected by propaganda as coadjutor to Bishop Brown. He was consecrated to the see of Gerra, in partibus, on 25 Sept. in that year by Cardinal Wiseman. He succeeded to the see of Liverpool per coadjutoriam on the death of Dr. Brown 15 Jan. 1856. During his episcopate a great impetus was given to Roman catholicism in Liverpool. He was a vigorous controversialist, and in politics supported the conservative party. His bearing was dignified, and his stature reached six feet three inches. He died suddenly at his residence in St. Edward's College, Everton, on 3 Oct. 1872. After a requiem mass in the pro-cathedral at Liverpool, where ​the funeral discourse was preached by Archbishop Manning, his remains were interred with great solemnity in the cemetery of St. Sepulchre at Ford. He was a constant contributor to the Chetham, the Holbein, and the Manx Societies. He edited the Chetham Society's volume for 1864, consisting of ‘Abbott's Journal,’ which gives an account of the apprehension, imprisonment, and release of Richard Abbott, a servant of Caryll, lord Molineux, in 1689–1691. The same volume contains an account of the ‘Tryalls at Manchester’ of Lord Molineux, Sir William Gerard, and others in 1694. For the Manx Society he edited ‘Chronica Regum Manniæ et Insularum, The Chronicle of Man and the Sudreys, from the manuscript codex in the British Museum,’ with historical notes by Peter Andreas Munch, professor of history in the royal university of Christiania. Goss added fresh documents and English translations of the ‘Chronica’ and of the Latin documents; it was prepared for the press by Archbishop Errington, and printed in 2 vols., Douglas, 1874, 8vo. At the time of his death Goss was engaged in collecting materials for a history of the northern bishops, which was to have been printed by the Manx Society. He made large collections for the history of the catholic religion in the north of England during the days of persecution. These collections are mainly drawn from original sources, public and private, and include innumerable transcripts from state papers and manuscripts in the Record Office, the British Museum, and other public offices and libraries, and from the archives of the catholic colleges and convents in England and on the continent.
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Gosse, Emily

The contributor is the son of the subject.
​GOSSE, EMILY (1806–1857), religious writer, was born on 9 Nov. 1806 in London. Her parents, William and Hannah Bowes of Boston, Mass., were on both sides of old New England families. In 1848 she became the first wife of Philip Henry Gosse [q. v.] Mrs. Gosse, besides publishing two small volumes of devotional verse and a prose work on education, entitled ‘Abraham and his Children,’ 1855, was the author of a series of extremely popular religious tracts. In conjunction with her husband, she published, without the name of either author, in 1853, a volume of sketches in North Devon entitled ‘Seaside Pleasures.’ She was a woman of somewhat unusual acquirements, a fair Greek and a good Hebrew scholar, and one of the earliest of the modern ‘workers in the East End.’ She died in London on 9 Feb. 1857, after a very painful illness. Two memoirs of Mrs. Gosse were published in book form, one by her husband, the other by Anna Shipton, entitled ‘Tell Jesus,’ 1858, a slightly sensational collection of ‘Recollections of Emily Gosse,’ which has passed through innumerable editions.
[The two memoirs above and personal knowledge.]
E. G.