OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hopwood, James

​HOPWOOD, JAMES (1752?–1819), engraver, born at Beverley in Yorkshire about 1752, took to engraving at the age of forty-five, as a means of supporting a family of six children. By industry he succeeded in engraving and publishing two plates, on the strength of which he came to London, where ​James Heath permitted him to work at his profession in his house. By assiduous work he gained some experience and employment in his profession, though he never attained any great reputation. Hopwood was elected in 1813 secretary to the Artists' Benevolent Fund, and held the post till 1818, when he resigned through illness. He published, in 1812, a pamphlet in defence of that society. He died 29 Sept. 1819. A portrait of Hopwood, from a drawing by A. Cooper, R.A., will be found in Pye's ‘Patronage of British Art’ (p. 335).
Hopwood, James, the younger (fl. 1800–1850), engraver, son of the above, followed his father's profession, and engraved in the stipple manner. He designed and engraved illustrations for books, and was employed in engraving for Finden's ‘Byron’ and some of the annuals. Subsequently he went to Paris, where he was very extensively employed in engraving portraits on a small scale for the numerous collections of portraits published at that time. Some of these have merit, but his style did not command much attention, being almost the last survival of the school of stipple-engraving. Ferdinand Gaillard, the well-known French engraver, received his first lessons in his art from Hopwood.
Hopwood, William (1784–1853), another son of James Hopwood the elder, also practised as an engraver, and was employed in book-illustrations, but did not obtain much reputation. He died in 1853.
[Redgrave's Dict. of Artists; Nagler's Künstler-Lexikon; Pye's Patronage of British Art; Beraldi's Graveurs du XIXe Siècle; Le Blanc's Manuel de l'Amateur d'Estampes.]
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Horbery, Matthew

​HORBERY, MATTHEW (1707?–1773), divine, born at Haxey, Lincolnshire, about 1707, was the son of Martin Horbery, vicar of Haxey and rector of Althorpe in the same county. After attending schools at Epworth and Gainsborough, Lincolnshire, he matriculated at Oxford from Lincoln College on 26 May 1726, graduated B.A. on 26 Jan. 1729–30, and M.A. 26 June 1733 (Foster, Alumni Oxon. 1715–1886, ii. 690). In July 1733 he was elected to a Lincolnshire fellowship at Magdalen College (Bloxam, Reg. of Magd. Coll. iii. 230). He took holy orders, and his preaching, which was aided by a fine voice and person, gained him a great reputation in the university. Garrick, who often heard him preach at Lichfield, said ‘that he was one of the best deliverers of a sermon he had ever heard.’ A defence which he published of Daniel Waterland, who had been attacked by John Jackson, an Arian clergyman, appeared in 1735, with the title, ‘Animadversions upon a late pamphlet intituled Christian Liberty asserted, and the Scripture Doctrine of the Trinity vindicated, by a Clergyman in the Country,’ 8vo, London, 1735. Horbery thus secured some fame as a theologian. Smalbroke, bishop of Lichfield, made him his chaplain, collated him to a canonry of Lichfield on 26 July 1736 (Le Neve, Fasti, ed. Hardy, i. 588, &c.), and presented him to the vicarage of Eccleshall, to the perpetual curacy of Gnosall, and in 1740 to the vicarage of Hanbury, when he resigned Gnosall (Shaw, Staffordshire, i. 77). But, despite these preferments, Horbery's unpractical habits kept him in continual pecuniary difficulties. He commenced B.D. on 22 April 1743, and in the following year published ‘An Enquiry into the Scripture-Doctrine concerning the Duration of Future Punishment … occasion'd by some late Writings, and particularly Mr. Whiston's Discourse of Hell-Torments,’ 8vo, London; Oxford (printed), 1744 (reprinted, with an introductory notice by G. Osborn, in 1878). This able treatise was written at the solicitation of Smalbroke. On 4 July 1745 Horbery became D.D., and in 1756 was presented by his college to the rectory of Standlake, Oxfordshire. On the death in 1768 of Thomas Jenner, president of Magdalen, Horbery declined an invitation to stand for the post. He died at Standlake on 22 June 1773, aged 66. His wife was Sarah Taylor, daughter of the vicar of Chebsey, Staffordshire. For her benefit, eighteen of Horbery's sermons were published at Oxford in 1774 by her nephew, Jeoffry Snelson, vicar of Hanbury, and were pronounced by Dr. Johnson to be ‘excellent’ (cf. Van Mildert, Life of Waterland, p. 316). A collected edition of Horbery's published works was issued from the Clarendon Press, Oxford, in two octavo volumes in 1828. His library was sold for 120l., while two hundred of his manuscript sermons were disposed of for six hundred guineas.
[Nichols's Lit. Anecd. ix. 558–63; Brit. Mus. Cat.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Horden, Hildebrand

​HORDEN, HILDEBRAND (d. 1696), actor, the eldest son of Dr. Horden of Twickenham, received a liberal education, and in 1695–6 was a member of the company holding possession of Drury Lane and Dorset Garden. At one or other house he played Younger Worthy in Cibber's ‘Love's Last Shift,’ Basilius in D'Urfey's ‘Don Quixote, Part 3,’ in which he and Mrs. Cross spoke the prologue; Venutius in ‘Bonduca, or the British Heroine,’ an adaptation from Beau​mont and Fletcher; Stanmore in Southerne's ‘Oroonoko;’ Wildman in Mrs. Manley's ‘Lost Lover;’ Fairly in Thomas Scott's ‘Mock Marriage;’ Welborn in Mrs. Behn's ‘Younger Brother;’ and Artaban in ‘Neglected Virtue, or the Unhappy Conqueror,’ an anonymous play which Horden published, and to which he wrote and spoke the prologue. He is said by Davies to have written a Latin encomium on the ‘Treacherous Brothers’ of George Powell, who appears to have been his associate (Dramatic Miscellany, iii. 415, 416). Horden was killed (18 May 1696) in a frivolous and accidental brawl at the bar of the Rose Tavern in Russell Street, Covent Garden, a notorious haunt of gamblers and rufflers. Captain Burgess, who had been English resident in Venice, and other persons of distinction were charged with causing Horden's death. Burgess escaped, and received the king's pardon (30 Nov. 1697). The others were tried and acquitted. Colley Cibber credits Horden with the possession of a handsome person, a good deal of table wit and humour, and almost every natural gift that could promise an excellent actor, and says he was rising rapidly in public favour. Cibber continues: ‘Before he was bury'd it was observable that two or three days together several of the fair sex, well dressed, came in masks [then frequently worn], and some in their own coaches, to visit the theatrical heroe in his shroud’ (Apology, ed. Lowe, i. 303–4). The author of the ‘List of English Dramatic Poets,’ appended to Whincop's ‘Scanderbeg,’ credits him with the authorship of ‘Neglected Virtue’ before mentioned, no great honour, and says he was seven years on the stage. Genest abridges the period by four to five years.
[Works cited; Genest's Account of the Stage; Cunningham's Handbook to London; Luttrell's Brief Relation, iv. 61, 63, 126, 312.]
J. K.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Horman, William

​HORMAN, WILLIAM (d. 1535), vice-provost of Eton, was born at Salisbury, and educated partly at Winchester. According to Bale and Pits (De Illustr. Angl. Script. p. 722) he proceeded thence to King's College, Cambridge; but according to Wood (Athenæ Oxon. ed. Bliss, i. 78), he was fellow of New College, Oxford, from 1477 to 1485. In the latter year he became master of Eton, and in 1494 was presented by the college to the rectory of East Wrotham, Norfolk. In 1502 he became fellow of Eton; in 1503 he resigned his rectory, and subsequently he became vice-provost. He died at Eton 12 April 1535, and was buried in the college chapel, where there is a brass bearing his effigy and an epitaph. The latter, which is printed by Wood, suggests that he lived nearly one hundred years (‘lustra vicena’).
Horman was one of the most prolific writers of his time, many of his works being apparently compendia for school use; but he seems to have been a good critic and a scholarly divine. Only two of his works are known to have been printed, his ‘Vulgaria’ and ‘Antibossicon.’ The former, a valuable collection of sentences and aphorisms in Latin and English, was first printed by Pynson in 1519, 4to, and secondly by De Worde in 1540, both editions unpaged. The ‘Antibossicon’ (Pynson, 1521, 55 leaves, 4to, without pagination) is an attack in the form of a dialogue, partly written by Robert Aldrich [q. v.], on the grammatical works of Robert Whitynton, who had affixed to the door of St. Paul's verses written under the quaint pseudonym of ‘Bossus,’ abusing Horman's friend, William Lily [q. v.] . Horman is said to have written nearly thirty other works, but of these the titles are alone preserved by Bale, viz. ‘In Theologiam Gabrielis Biel;’ ‘Fascis rerum Britannicarum;’ ‘Farrago Historiarum’ and ‘Farrago plurium;’ ‘Compendium Historiæ Gul. Malmsburiensis;’ ‘Epitome Historiæ Joh. Pici com. Mirandulæ;’ ‘De secundo regis connubio;’ ‘Collectanea Diversorum;’ ‘Sophicorum flores;’ ‘Anatomia membrorum hominis’ and ‘Anatomia corporis humani;’ ‘Orationes et carmina;’ ‘Epistolæ ad diversos;’ ‘Elegiæ in mortem Gul. Lilii;’ ‘Apotheca carminum jucundorum;’ ‘De arte dictandi;’ ‘De orthographia;’ ‘Penultimarum syllabarum tempora;’ ‘Herbarum synonyma;’ ‘Indices Chronicorum;’ ‘In Chronica Sabellici;’ ‘Ejusdem Decades rerum Venetarum;’ ‘In Catonem, Varronem, Palladium;’ ‘In Columellam, de re rustica,’ and ‘In Moralia Æsopi.’
[Gillow's Dict. English Catholics, iii. 390; Fuller's Worthies, iii. 156; Wood's Hist. and Antiq. of Oxford, ii. 135; Cole's MSS. xxx. 65; Cooper's Athenæ Cantabr. i. 51, 529; Dodd's Church History, i. 215; Harwood's Alumni Eton. p. 55; Lipscomb's Buckinghamshire, iv. 489, 495; Tanner's Bibl. Brit.-Hib. p. 412; Maitland's List of Early Printed Books, p. 415; Cowie's Cat. of St. John's College MSS. p. 135.]
G. S. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Horn, Andrew

​HORN, ANDREW (d. 1328), chamberlain of London and legal writer, born in London, carried on the trade of a fishmonger in Bridge Street. In 1315 he, with fifteen other fishmongers, was summoned before the sheriffs of London on a charge of using dorsers or baskets ‘not of rightful measure.’ Horn and one other person were acquitted (Riley, Memorials of London, 1868, p. 116). ​He was elected chamberlain of the city in January 1319–20, and continued in that office till his death. Horn was present at a meeting of the mayor and aldermen in 1327 (ib. p. 169). He died in 1328, and his will, dated 9 Oct. of that year, is enrolled in the Court of Husting (Sharpe, Calendar of Husting Wills, i. 344–5). His accounts as chamberlain, up to 18 Oct. 1328, were rendered by his executors, and passed in August of the following year (ib. i. 344). He leaves to the chamber of the Guildhall of London several valuable books: ‘De gestis Anglorum,’ ‘De veteribus legibus Angliæ,’ and other manuscripts, some of which have been identified as still in the possession of the corporation. He was unmarried, and left his property to be divided among his brother, William Horn, rector of the church of Rotherhithe, William and Simon Doggett, his nephews, and Cristina his niece. Besides his residence in Bridge Street, he possessed a house in Eastcheap.
Horn is chiefly known by a valuable compilation of city laws and customs preserved among the records at Guildhall, and entitled ‘Liber Horn,’ which is composed of two or more distinct treatises. It contains an early copy of the laws of Oleron (Black Book of the Admiralty, ed. Sir Travers Twiss, Introd. pp. lix–lx); on folio ccvi, where a fresh compilation of charters, statutes, &c., commences, there is an illuminated frontispiece containing a rubricated note briefly describing the contents of the volume (‘Quem fieri fecit anno Domini mcccxi’). Horn was also the author (or perhaps editor) of the well-known legal treatise ‘La Somme appelle Mirroir des Justices, vel Speculum Justiciariorum, factum per A. H.,’ of which a sixteenth-century manuscript copy is in the British Museum (Addit. MS. 25033). Printed editions of the book appeared in 1624, London, 12mo; 1642, London, 16mo; in 1776, in Hoüard's ‘Traité sur les coutumes Anglo-Normandes,’ tome 4, 4to; and an English translation by W[illiam] H[ughes] in 1646, London, 8vo, 1649, 12mo, 1659, 8vo, and 1768, 8vo. A new edition, edited from MS. in Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, by W. J. Whittaker, with translation and introduction by F. W. Maitland, was issued by the Selden Society in 1895.
[Authorities above cited.]
C. W-h.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hornby, William

​HORNBY, WILLIAM (fl. 1618), poet, was, according to his own account, educated at Peterborough free school, of which he gives an amusing account in his ‘Hornbook.’ He is the author of ‘The Scovrge of Drvnkennes,’ 1618, 4to. On the title-page is a woodcut of a wild man holding a scourge in his right hand and a pipe in his left. The British Museum copy is dated 1619. Prefixed is a dedicatory epistle in verse ‘to his loving Kinsman and approved Friend, Mr. Henry Cholmely, Esquire,’ which is followed by a metrical address headed ‘To all the Impious and relentlesse-harted Ruffians and Roysters ​vnder Bacchus: Cornu-apes [i.e. Horn-bee] wisheth remorse of Conscience and more increase of Grace,’ and by some verses to Drunkenness. The poem, entitled ‘The Scovrge of Drvnkennes,’ follows ‘Cornu-apes his Farewell to Folly, or his Metamorphosis,’ &c. Appended are two short poems entitled ‘A Meditation of the Flesh and Spirit’ and ‘A Prayer against Temptation.’ The author was a reformed drunkard. He published one other work, a whimsical poem called ‘Hornbyes Hornbook,’ 1622, 8vo (Brit. Museum), dedicated to Sir Robert Carr, baronet, of Sleaford, Lincolnshire, Thomas Grantham, son and heir to Sir Thomas Grantham, knight, and Mr. Rochester Carre.
[Corser's Collectanea; Brit. Mus. Cat.]
A. H. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Barron, Hugh

​BARRON, HUGH (d. 1791), portrait painter, a scholar of Sir Joshua Reynolds, was the son of an apothecary in Soho. In that genial environment he received his first impulses towards art. After leaving the studio of Reynolds he started for Italy by way of Lisbon. He stopped some time in that city and painted portraits. In 1771–2 he was in Rome. Returning to London he settled in Leicester Square, and exhibited some portraits at the Academy in 1782–3 and 1786. His later work did not fulfil the promise of his youth. Not greatly distinguished as a painter, he was a good violinist, and considered the best amateur performer of his time. He died in the autumn of 1791, aged about forty-five. There is a mezzotint by Valentine Green, after a portrait by Barron, of J. Swan.
E. R.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Barron, William Augustus

​BARRON, WILLIAM AUGUSTUS (fl. 1777), landscape painter, was a pupil of William Tomkins and younger brother of Hugh Barron [q. v.] In 1766 he gained a premium at the Society of Arts. He practised as a landscape painter, and also as a drawing master. Like his brother he excelled as a performer upon the violin; like him, also, he reached no more than a moderate excellence in his proper profession. His skill upon the violin gained him an introduction to Sir Edward Walpole, who gave him a situation in the exchequer, which in 1808 he still held. A view of Wanstead House by this artist was engraved by Picot in 1775; also after him are a set of views of castles and other subjects taken in different parts of Essex. In the print-room of the British Museum there is a large pen drawing by him of Richmond Bridge in 1778.
E. R.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Barrow, George

​BARROW, Sir GEORGE (1806–1876), author, was the eldest son of Sir John Barrow, first baronet [see Barrow, Sir John]. Sir George was born in London, educated at the Charterhouse, appointed to a clerkship in the colonial office in 1825, became chief clerk and secretary to the order of St. Michael and St. George in 1870, and retired in 1872. In 1832 he married Rosamund, daughter of W. Pennell, consul-general at Brazil, and niece and adopted daughter of the Right Hon. John Wilson Croker. He was succeeded in the baronetcy by his eldest son, John Croker, author of the ‘Valley of Tears’ and other poems, in which there are some in memoriam verses to his father. In early life Sir George too exhibited poetic taste in a translation of some odes of Anacreon, which was spoken of favourably by Mr. Gifford, first editor of the ‘Quarterly Review.’ In 1850 Sir George laid the foundation-stone of the Barrow monument erected to his father's memory on the Hill of Hoad, Ulverston. In 1857 Sir George Barrow published a small octavo volume, ‘Ceylon Past and Present.’
P. B.-A.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Barritt, Thomas

​BARRITT, THOMAS (1743–1820), antiquary, was born at Manchester in 1743 and came of Derbyshire yeoman stock, his forefathers having settled at Bolton and Worsley, but his father, John Barritt, was the first of the family resident in Manchester. Of the education of Thomas nothing is known, but he developed a strong taste for archæological research which did not interfere with his success as a man of business. He kept a saddle-maker's shop in Hanging Ditch, and gathered a very curious collection of manuscripts and miscellaneous objects of antiquity. He travelled about the district and made sketches and memoranda which have been of great use to subsequent writers. He was one of the early members of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society, and ​contributed several papers to its ‘Memoirs.’ Amongst these are essays on supposed Druidical remains near Halifax, on antiquities found in the river Ribble, and on a Roman inscription found in Campfield. A number of his manuscripts were secured for Chetham's Library, Manchester, and several others are in private hands. He wrote verses also, and several of them have been printed, but they are little better than doggerel rhyme. His correspondence with the leading antiquaries of the time appears to have been extensive. One of the most interesting objects in his collection was a sword which he believed to have been that of Edward the Black Prince. A monograph on the swords, attributed to that warrior, has been printed by J. P. Earwaker, F.S.A., in which the claims of Barritt and others are discussed (Archæological Journal, vol. xxx. 1873). Two portraits of Barritt were engraved, in which he is represented with the famous sword and some other objects of his museum. He died 29 Oct. 1820, aged 77, and was buried in the Manchester parish church. Barritt's claim to remembrance is that with great patience and skill he recorded many facts in the history of the district which would otherwise have been lost. The Chetham Society some years ago announced its intention of issuing a selection from his manuscripts, but it has not yet appeared.
W. E. A. A.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Grey, Jane

​GREY, Lady JANE (1537–1554). [See Dudley.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Grey, John de (1300-1359)

​GREY, JOHN de, second Baron Grey of Rotherfield (1300-1359), soldier, was a descendant of Robert de Grey, brother of Richard de Grey (fl. 1250) [q. v.], and John de Grey (d. 1266) [q. v.] His father, John de Grey (1271-1312), was summoned to parliament as first Baron Grey of Rotherfield 26 Jan. 1297, and 'was employed during the war in Scotland in 1299 and 1306 (Cal. Doc. Scot. ii. 1819). He died in 1312, having married Margaret, daughter of William de Odingsells of Maxstoke, Warwickshire. His son John made proof of his age and received livery of his lands in the fifteenth year of Edward II. In 1327 he was employed in the Scottish war. In January 1332, having quarrelled with William le Zouche in the royal presence, he was imprisoned and his lands seized by the crown, but shortly after made his submission, and was restored to favour (Annales Paulini, in Chronicles of Edward I and II, Rolls Ser., i. 335). Grey was constantly employed in the wars of Edward III's reign; in 1336 he was in Scotland; in 1342 he took part in the expedition to Flanders, and was there again five years later; he was in France in 1343, 1345-6, 1348, and 1356. In 1347 he received a license to crenellate Rotherfield and Sculcotes. He was one of the justices appointed to try William Thorpe [q. v.], the chief justice, for taking bribes in 1350, when he is styled 'steward (or seneschal) of our household' (Fœdera, iii. 208), an office which he still held four years later. In 1353 he was commissioner of array for the counties of Oxford and Buckingham, and in 1356 was one of the witnesses to the charters by which Edward Baliol granted all his rights in Scotland to Edward III (ib. iii. 317–22, dated Roxburgh, 20 Jan. 1356). Grey, who was summoned to parliament from 1326 to 1356, was one of the original knights of the Garter instituted at its foundation on 23 April 1344, when he occupied the eighth stall on the sovereign's side. He died on 1 Sept. 1359, having married, first, Katherine, daughter of Bryan Fitz-Alan of Bedale, Yorkshire, by whom he had a son John, third baron (d. 1375); and, secondly, to Avice, daughter and coheiress of John de Marmion, second baron de Marmion, by whom he had two sons, John and Robert, who took their mother's name.
[Rymer's Fœdera, ed. 1830; Beltz's Memorials of the Order of the Garter, pp. 57-9; Dugdale's Baronage, i. 723; Burke's Dormant and Extinct Peerages, p. 247.]
C. L. K.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Grey, John (1432-1461)

Contains subarticle: Lord Richard Grey (d. 1483).
​GREY, JOHN, eighth Lord Ferrers of Groby (1432–1461), born in 1432, was elder son of Edward Grey (1415-1457), who was second son of Reginald, third lord Grey of Ruthin [q. v.], by his second wife, Joan, daughter and heiress of William Astley. Edward Grey married Elizabeth, daughter of Henry Ferrers and heiress of William, sixth lord Ferrers of Groby, at whose death in 1445 Grey became seventh Lord Ferrers of Groby, and was summoned to parliament by that title. He died 18 Dec. 1457, leaving four sons and a daughter. Of his sons John succeeded him, and Edward (d. 1492) married Elizabeth, daughter of John Talbot, viscount Lisle, and succeeded in her right to the barony of L'Isle in 1475, and was afterwards, in 1483, created Viscount L'Isle. John Grey was never summoned to parliament, and is commonly spoken of as Sir John Grey; he married, about 1450, Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Richard Woodville, who, ​after her first husband's death, became the queen of Edward IV. Grey was killed fighting for Henry VI at the second battle of St. Albans on 17 Feb. 1461. His elder son was Thomas, first marquis of Dorset [q.v.]
Lord Richard Grey (d. 1483), the younger son, was made a knight of the Bath on Whitsunday, 1475 (Book of Knights, p. 4). After the death of Edward IV he and his uncle Anthony Woodville, earl Rivers, had for a time charge of the young king, but when conducting him to London for his coronation, they were arrested at Northampton on 30 April 1483 by Richard, duke of Gloucester, who charged them with having estranged from him the affection of his nephew. Grey and Rivers were sent to prison at Pontefract, where in June they were seized by Sir Richard Ratcliffe, and beheaded without any form of trial. According to Sir T. More this happened about the same time as the execution of Lord Hastings, which took place on 13 June; Rivers, however, was not executed till later, for his will is dated 23 June, but he refers to Richard Grey as already dead, and directs that he should be buried by his side in Pontefract Church (Excerpta Historica, p. 246).
C. L. K.