OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Eaton, John

​EATON, JOHN (fl. 1619), divine, born in Kent in or about 1575, was educated at Trinity College, Oxford, where he became the first recipient of the newly founded Blount exhibition in 1590. He proceeded B.A. 16 Feb. 1595, and M.A. 7 July 1603. After serving several curacies, including that of St. Catherine, Coleman Street, London, he was presented about 1604 to the vicarage of Wickham Market, Suffolk, where he continued for fifteen years, ‘being accounted by ​all the neighbouring ministers a grand Antinomian, if not one of the founders of the sect so called’ (Wood, Athenæ Oxon. ed. Bliss, iii. 21). Eaton, though undoubtedly much of a fanatic, made an excellent vicar; ‘in a few years the parish was generally reformed: insomuch that most children of twelve years old were able to give a good account of their knowledge in the grounds of religion’ (Brook, Puritans, ii. 466). At length his heterodox preaching gave offence to his diocesan, and he was deprived of his living 29 April 1619, as being ‘an incorrigible divulger of errors and false opinions’ (Cal. State Papers, Dom. 1619–23, p. 41). He persisted, however, in promulgating his doctrine, for which, as he says, he suffered ‘much hurry’ and ‘divers imprisonments’ (preface to The Honey-Combe). He bore his persecution with equanimity. The time of his death is uncertain. Wood, whose knowledge of his latter days was evidently founded on a misreading of the title-pages and prefaces of his works, erroneously states that Eaton, having been instituted ‘in 1625 or thereabouts,’ continued vicar of Wickham Market until his death in ‘1641,’ and ‘was there buried,’ and he has been followed by all subsequent writers. Strype, in citing portions of an undated letter from John Echard, vicar of Darsham, Suffolk, in 1616, in which mention is made of Eaton and the court of high commission, absurdly refers it to 1575 (Annals, 8vo edit., vol. ii. pt. i. pp. 562–3). None of Eaton's writings were permitted to be published in his lifetime. After his death there appeared: 1. ‘The Discovery of the most dangerous dead Faith,’ 12mo, London, 1641 (a second impression with an addition. of “Abraham's Steps of Faith” and “The True Treasure of the Heart,”’ was issued, 12mo, London, 1642; a third edition in William Cudworth's tracts entitled ‘Christ alone Exalted,’ 8vo, London, 1747). 2. ‘The Honey-Combe of Free Justification by Christ alone. Collected out of the meere Authorities of Scripture, and common and unanimous Consent of the faithful Interpreters and Dispensers of God's Mysteries upon the same, especially as they expresse the Excellency of Free Justification,’ 4to, London, 1642, edited by Robert Lancaster, who in his ‘Advertisement to the Reader’ promised to publish at some future time a life of Eaton, but failed to do so. Brook says that Eaton ‘committed some mistakes in his assertions about the doctrines of grace.’
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Eata

​EATA (d. 686), bishop of Hexham and Lindisfarne, an early English disciple of St. Aidan (Symeon), was abbot of Melrose in 651. When, in 678, Archbishop Theodore divided the Northumbrian diocese into three parts, he consecrated Eata to the bishopric of the Bernicians, and assigned him Hexham and Lindisfarne as the places of his see. In 681 Theodore divided the Bernician bishopric into two dioceses, and Eata still remained bishop of Lindisfarne, but was succeeded at Hexham by Trumberht. Cuthberht [q. v.] became in 684 bishop of Hexham, and next year was transferred to Lindisfarne, when Eata again became bishop of Hexham. Eata died 26 Oct. 686.
W. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Drummond, James (1675-1720)

​DRUMMOND, JAMES, fifh Earl and second titular Duke of Perth (1675–1720), was the eldest son of James Drummond, fourth earl of Perth [q. v.], by his first wife, Jane, fourth daughter of William, first marquis of Douglas. He joined his uncle Melfort in France shortly after the deposition of James II. He began studying at the Scotch College, Paris, but on James going to Ireland joined the expedition, and was present at all the engagements of the campaign. He then resumed his studies in Paris, and afterwards travelled in France and Italy. In 1694 his father, released on condition of his leaving Scotland, met him at Antwerp after five years' separation, and describes him as ‘tall, well-shaped, and a very worthy youth.’ He had recently danced before the French and Jacobite courts at Versailles with great approbation. The young man was allowed in 1695 to return to Scotland, but was so much a prey to melancholy that his father sent him word ‘to be merry, for a pound of care will not pay an ounce of debt.’ In 1707 he was one of the Scotch Jacobites who conferred with Colonel Hooke, the Pretender's envoy, and though a catholic he stipulated that there should be security for the protestant religion. In 1708 he collected two hundred men at Blair Athol in expectation of the Pretender's arrival. For this he was summoned to Edinburgh, sent to London, and imprisoned in the Tower. In 1713 he made over his estates to his infant son. In the rising of 1715 he undertook with two hundred of his highlanders and some Edinburgh Jacobites to surprise Edinburgh Castle, but the scheme miscarried. He commanded the cavalry at Sheriffmuir. He escaped from Montrose in February 1716 with the Pretender and Lords Melfort and Mar, and after five days' passage reached Gravelines. He was subsequently with the Pretender at Rome and in Spain. He died at Paris in 1720 and was buried beside his father at the Scotch College, where his white marble monument still exists. His widow, Jane, daughter of the fourth Marquis of Huntly, entertained Charles Edward for a night at Drummond Castle in 1746, and was nine months a prisoner at Edinburgh for collecting taxes for him. She died at a great age at Stobhall in 1773.
J. G. A.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Drummond, James (1540?-1623)

​DRUMMOND, JAMES, first Baron Maderty (1540?–1623), second son of David, second lord Drummond, by his wife, Lilias, eldest daughter of William, second lord Ruthven, was born about 1540. He was educated with James VI, who throughout his life treated him with marked favour. On his coming of age his father gave him the lands and titles of the abbey of Inchaffray in Strathearn, in virtue of which possession he was known as ‘commendator’ of Inchaffray. He also had charters of the baronies of Auchterarder, Kincardine, and Drymen in Perthshire and Stirling, 3 Sept. 1582, and 20 Oct. of the lands of Kirkhill. In 1585 he was appointed a lord of the bedchamber by James VI. He was with the king at Perth 5 Aug. 1600, during the so-called Gowrie plot, and afterwards gave depositions relative to the affair. In 1609 (31 Jan.) the king converted the abbey of Inchaffray into a temporal lordship, and made Drummond a peer, with the title of Lord Maderty, the name being that of the parish in which Inchaffray was situated. He had further charters of Easter Craigton in Perthshire, 23 May 1611; of the barony of Auchterarder (to him and his second son), 27 July 1615; and of the barony of Innerpeffray, 24 March 1618. He died in September 1623. He married Jean, daughter of James Chisholm of Cromlix, Perthshire, who through her mother was heiress of Sir John Drummond of Innerpeffray, which property she brought into her husband's family, and by her he had two sons (John, second lord Maderty, and James of Machany) and four daughters, Lilias, Jean, Margaret, and Catherine.
A. V.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Drummond, James (1784?-1863)

​DRUMMOND, JAMES (1784?–1863), botanical collector, elder brother of Thomas Drummond (d. 1835) [q. v.], was elected associate of the Linnean Society in 1810, at which time he had charge of the Cork botanic garden. In 1829 he emigrated to the then newly established colony of Swan River, Western Australia, and ten years later began to make up sets of the indigenous vegetation for sale, but previously several of his letters giving accounts of his widely extended journeys for plants had been published by Sir William Hooker in his various journals. Dr. Lindley's 'Sketch of the Vegetation of the Swan River,' 1839,, was drawn up from Drummond's early collections, the botany of that part of the Australian continent then being little known. He died in Western Australia 27 March 1863, aged 79. The genus Drummondia was created by De Candolle to commemorate his botanic services, but that genus is now merged in Mitellopsis. Drummondia of Hooker has not been accepted by bryologists, the species being referred to Anodontium of Bridel, but finally Drummondita, a genus of Diosmeæ, was founded by Dr. Harvey in 1855.
[Proc. Linn. Soc. (1863–4), pp. 41–2; Lasègue's Bot. Mus. Delessert, p. 282; Bentham's Flora Australiensis i. 10*; Hooker's Journal Bot. (1840), ii. 343; Hooker's Kew Journal (1850), ii. 31, (1852) iv. 188, (1853) v. 115, 403.]
B. D. J.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Drummond, James (1816-1877)

​DRUMMOND, JAMES (1816–1877), subject and history painter, born in 1816, was the son of an Edinburgh merchant, noted for his knowledge of the historical associations of the Old Town. On leaving school he entered the employment of Captain Brown, the author of works on ornithology and cognate subjects, as a draughtsman and colourist. He did not, however, remain long in that situation, and found more congenial work in the teaching of drawing, on giving up which he became a student in the School of Design, under Sir William Allan [q. v.] He was eighteen years of age when he first exhibited in the Royal Scottish Academy; the subject was ‘Waiting for an Answer.’ In the following year's exhibition Drummond was represented by ‘The Love Letter,’ and in 1837 by ‘The Vacant Chair.’ He was enrolled as an associate of the academy in 1846, and was elected an academician in 1852. In 1857 he was chosen librarian of the academy, and in the following year, along with Sir Noel Paton and Mr. James Archer, was entrusted with the task of preparing a report upon the best mode of conducting the life school of the academy. This report was presented to the council in November of the same year, and met with unanimous approval. On the death of W. B. Johnstone, R.S.A., in 1868, Drummond was appointed to the office of curator of the National Gallery. From an early period of his life he devoted himself closely to the study of historical art; his treatment of such subjects was distinguished no less by imaginative grasp and power than by the care with which he elaborated the archæological details. Among his large pictures of an historical nature are ‘The Porteous Mob’ (which was purchased and engraved by the Association for the Promotion of the Fine Arts in Scotland, and now hangs in the National Gallery of Scotland), ‘Montrose on his way to Execution,’ ‘The Covenanters in Greyfriars churchyard,’ ‘Old Mortality,’ ‘John Knox bringing Home his Second Wife,’ ‘Peace,’ and ‘War.’ The last two pictures were exhibited in the Royal Academy of London, and were purchased by the prince consort. ‘War’ was engraved for the ‘Art Journal.’ Drummond also painted numerous minor works of a similar type, some of which were illustrative of such incidents as Sir Walter Scott at an old bookstall, and James VI on a visit to George Heriot's shop. For Lady Burdett-Coutts he painted the view of Edinburgh castle from the window of her ladyship's sitting-room in the Palace Hotel, with portraits of the baroness and her friend Mrs. Brown. He was one of the most active members of the Royal Scottish Society of Antiquaries, member of the council, and curator of the museum. At the meetings of the society he read numerous papers, which were generally illustrated. He died in Edinburgh on 12 Aug. 1877.
[Redgrave's Dict. of Artists; Art Journal, 1877, p. 336.]
L. F.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Drummond, Edward

​DRUMMOND, EDWARD (1792–1843), civil servant, second son of Charles Drummond, banker, of Charing Cross, by Frances Dorothy, second daughter of the Rev. Edward Lockwood, was born 30 March 1792, and became at an early age a clerk in the treasury, where he was successively private secretary to the Earl of Ripon, Canning, Wellington, and Peel. So highly did the duke think of him that he expressed his satisfaction in the House of Lords at having secured his services. Having been seen travelling alone in Scotland in Peel's carriage and coming out of Peel's London house by a madman named Daniel Macnaghten, a wood-turner of Glasgow, who had some grudge against Peel, Drummond was shot by him in mistake for Peel between the Admiralty and the Horse Guards, Whitehall, as he was walking towards Downing Street, 20 Jan. 1843. He was shot in the back, and though he managed to walk to his brother's house and the ball was extracted that evening, he died after suffering but little pain at 9 A.M., 25 Jan., at Charlton, near Woolwich, where he was buried 31 Jan. Some controversy arose as to the treatment of his wound, which was said to have been unskilful (see pamphlet by J. Dickson, 1843). Macnaghten was acquitted on the ground of insanity.
J. A. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Brade, James

​BRADE, JAMES. [See Braid.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bradford, Earl of

​BRADFORD, Earl of. [See Newport, Francis.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bradford, John (1750-1805)

​BRADFORD, JOHN (1750–1805), dissenting minister, was born at Hereford in 1750, the son of a clothier, educated at Hereford grammar school, and at Wadham College, Oxford, where he took the degree of B.A. On leaving college he accepted a curacy at Frelsham in Berkshire, where he married when twenty-eight years of age, and had a family of twelve children. About this time his religious opinions became decidedly Calvinistic, and he preached in several of Lady Huntingdon's chapels. On account of this irregularity the rector discharged him from his curacy. He then joined the Countess of Huntingdon's connection, and, after spending some time in South Wales, removed to Birmingham, and preached with great popularity in the old playhouse, which the countess had purchased and made into a chapel for him. Subsequently he left the connection of the countess for a new chapel in Bartholomew Street, supplementing his small income by making watch-chains. Not being successful, he removed to London in 1797, and preached till his death in the City Chapel, Grub Street. He died 16 July 1805, and was buried in Bunhill Fields. Some account of his life is given in an octavo volume, chiefly controversial, by his successor, William Wales Horne. Bradford published:
* 'The Law of Faith opposed to the Law of Works,' Birmingham, 1787 (being an answer to the baptist circular letter signed Joshua Thomas).
* 'An Address to the Inhabitants of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, on the Mission of two Ministers sent by the Countess of Huntingdon,' 1788.
* 'A Collection of Hymns' (some of them composed by himself), 1792.
* 'The Difference between True and False Holiness.'
* 'A Christian's Meetness for Glory.'
* ' Comfort for the Feeble-minded.'
* 'The Gospel spiritually discerned.'
* 'One Baptism.' A fine octavo edition of Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress, with Notes by John Bradford,' was published in 1792. Mr. Offor says, 'These notes are very valuable.'
[Bunyan's Works (ed. Offor), with notes to the Pilgrim by Bradford; Gadsby's Memoirs of Hymn Writers; Home's Life of the Rev. John Bradford, 1806.]
J. H. T.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bradford, Thomas

1904 Errata appended.
​BRADFORD, Sir THOMAS (1777–1853), general, was the eldest son of Thomas Bradford of Woodlands, near Doncaster, and Ashdown Park in Sussex, and was born on 1 Dec. 1777. He entered the army as ensign in the 4th regiment on 20 Oct. 1793. He was promoted major into the Nottinghamshire Fencibles, then stationed in Ireland, in 1795. He gave proof of military ability during the Irish rebellion, and in 1801 was promoted brevet lieutenant-colonel, and appointed assistant adjutant-general in Scotland. He was again brought on to the strength of the army as major in 1805, and served with Auchmuty as deputy adjutant-general in 1806 in the expedition to South America. In June 1808 he accompanied the force under Sir Arthur Wellesley to Portugal, and was present at the battles of Vimeiro and Corunna. On his return to England he became assistant adjutant-general at Canterbury, and lieutenant-colonel in succession of the 34th and 82nd regiments in 1809. In 1810 he was promoted colonel, and took the command of a brigade in the Portuguese army. He proved himself one of the most successful Portuguese brigadiers, and at the attack on the Arapiles in the battle of Salamanca Bradford's brigade showed itself worthy of a place beside the British army. In 1813 he was promoted major-general, and made a mariscal de campo in the Portuguese service, receiving the command of a Portuguese division. He commanded this division at Vittoria, at the siege of San Sebastian, and in the battle of the Nive. At the battle before Bayonne he was so severely wounded that he had to return to England.
In 1814 he was placed on the staff of the northern district, and made K.C.B. and K.T.S.; but he missed the battle of Waterloo, at which his younger brother, Lieutenant-colonel Sir Henry Holles Bradford, K.C.B., who had also been a staff officer in the Peninsula, was killed. He commanded the seventh division of the army of occupation in France from 1815 to 1817, and the troops in Scotland from 1819 till he was promoted lieutenant-general in May 1825, and was then appointed commander-in-chief of the troops in the Bombay presidency. He held this command for four years. He was colonel 94th regiment 1823–9, and on his return to England in 1829 became colonel 30th regiment (till 1846). In 1831 he was made G.C.H., in 1838 G.C.B., in 1841 he was promoted general, and in 1846 exchanged the colonelcy of the 38th for that of the 4th regiment. He died in London on 28 Nov. 1853, aged 75.
[Royal Military Calendar; obituary notices in the Times, Gent. Mag., and Colburn's United Service Magazine.]
H. M. S.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.35 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 161 | ii | 24 | Bradford, Sir Thomas: after four years insert He was colonel of the 94th regiment from 1823 to 1829 |
| | | 26 | for the 38th regiment read the 30th regiment, which he held till 1846 |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bradford, John (d.1780)

​BRADFORD, JOHN (d. 1780), Welsh poet, was born early in the eighteenth ​century. In 1730, while still a boy, be was admitted a 'disciple' of the bardic chair of Glamorgan, in which chair he himself presided in 1750. Some of his poems, 'moral pieces of great merit,' according to Dr. Owen Pughe, were printed in a contemporary Welsh periodical entitled the 'Eurgrawn.'
[Owen Pughe's Cambrian Biography.]
A. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bradfield, Henry Joseph Steele

​BRADFIELD, HENRY JOSEPH STEELE (1805–1852), surgeon and author, was born on 18 May 1805 in Derby Street, Westminster, where his father, Thomas Bradfield, was a coal merchant. Whilst still under age he published in 1825 'Waterloo, or the British Minstrel, a poem.' He was bred to the art of surgery, and on 26 April 1826 left England in the schooner Unicorn in Lord Cochrane's expedition to Greece, during which he was present in several engagements by land and sea. After his return he published 'The Athenaid, or Modern Grecians, a poem,' 1830; 'Tales of the Cyclades, poems,' 1830; and in 1839 edited a work entitled 'A Russian's Reply to the Marquis de Custine's "Russia."' On 1 Sept. 1832 he received from the King of the Belgians a commission as sous-lieutenant in the Bataillon Etranger ​of Belgium, and was appointed to the 1st regiment of lancers. At one time he held a commission in the Royal West Middlesex Militia. He was appointed on 31 Dec. 1835 stipendiary magistrate in Tobago, from which he was removed to Trinidad on 13 May 1836. He was reappointed to the southern or Cedros district on 13 April 1839, but soon returned to England, having been superseded in consequence of a quarrel with some other colonial officer. In 1841 he again went to the West Indies in the capacity of private secretary to Colonel Macdonald, lieutenant-governor of Dominica, and in 1842 he acted for some time as colonial secretary in Barbados. The charges which had occasioned his previous return were, however, renewed, and the government cancelled his appointment. From that period he lived very precariously, and for many years solicited in vain a reversal of his sentence at the colonial office. He turned his moderate literary talents to account, and among some communications he made to the 'Gentleman's Magazine' were articles on 'The Last of the Paleologi' in January 1843, and a 'Memoir of Major-general Thomas Dundas and the Expedition to Guadaloupe' in August, September, and October in the same year. Latterly he practised all the arts of the professional mendicant. He committed suicide by drinking a bottle of prussic acid in the coffee-room of the St. Alban's Hotel, 12 Charles Street, St. James's Square, London, on 11 Oct. 1852.
[Cochrane's Wanderings in Greece (1837), p. 90; Gent. Mag. (1853), xxxix. 102; Morning Post, 13 Oct. 1852, p. 4, and 15 Oct. p. 6.]
G. C. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Dene, William

​DENE, WILLIAM (fl. 1350), chronicler, was probably author of a work preserved in the Cotton Library in the British Museum (Faustina, B 5), and containing a record of the history of Rochester, ‘Annales Roffenses,’ from 1314 to 1358, but unfortunately mutilated so that it extends no further than 1350. These annals, which are printed with some omissions in Wharton's ‘Anglia Sacra,’ i. 356–77, were plainly written by a clerk in immediate dependence on Bishop Haymo, who occupied the see of Rochester for nearly the whole of the time covered by them. The author also gives us to understand that he was the bishop's notary public, a description which might equally point to William of Dene and Gilbert of Segeford; but that Dene is actually the notary in question is expressly stated by John Joscelin (appendix to Robert of Avesbury, p. 291, ed. Hearne, 1720). A William Dene who is mentioned as archdeacon of Rochester at various dates between 1323 and 1338 (Le Neve, Fasti, ii. 580, ed. Hardy) is no doubt to be distinguished from the chronicler, though probably related to him.
An earlier William Dean, as the name is spelt, appears in the Royal MS. 5 E ix. in the British Museum, as the author of a letter to Alexander III, ‘Literæ petentes vindictam mortis Thomæ Cantuariensis’ (Casley, Cat. of the Manuscripts of the King's Library, p. 83, 1734).
[Wharton's Anglia Sacra, i. introd. p. xxxiii, 1691.]
R. L. P.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Delpini, Carlo Antonio

​DELPINI, CARLO ANTONIO (d. 1828), pantomimist and manager, was born in Rome and was a pupil of Nicolini. About 1774 he was engaged by Garrick for Drury Lane. At this house, Covent Garden, and the Haymarket, he supplied the mechanical arrangements for many pantomimes in which he acted. The best known of these are ‘Robinson Crusoe,’ in which he played the hero to the Friday of Grimaldi, ‘Don Juan,’ and ‘The Deserter of Naples.’ The two latter pieces were given respectively on 12 Aug. 1787 and 1 Jan. 1788 at the Royalty Theatre in Wellclose Square, when that building was opened by Palmer. On 17 Feb. 1789 Delpini was severely hurt at the Haymarket, acting in the ‘Death of Captain Cook,’ a serious ballet from the French. Delpini was for a time stage manager at the Opera. He managed private theatricals, and made on his own account some ventures, giving once at the Pantheon a grand masquerade, called ‘La Fiera di Venezia,’ to George IV when prince regent, the tickets for which were sold at three guineas each. He also arranged entertainments at Brighton for George IV. In his late years he fell into poverty, and died 13 Feb. 1828 in Lancaster Court, Strand.
J. K.