OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Dank

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Dank. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Dank, masculine, ‘thanks, acknowledgment, recompense,’ from the equivalent Middle High German and Old High German danc, masculine; corresponds to Gothic þagks (þanks), Anglo-Saxon þanc, English thanks. Etymologically Dank is simply ‘thinking,’ hence ‘the sentiment merely, not expressed in deeds.’ See denken; dünken.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Darm

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Darm. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Darm, masculine, ‘gut, intestine,’ from the equivalent Middle High German darm, Old High German daram, masculine; compare Anglo-Saxon þearm, Old Frisian therm, Dutch darm, Old Icelandic þarmr, masculine, Swedish and Danish tarm. Corresponds in the non-Teutonic languages to Latin trâmes, ‘way,’ Greek τρῆμα, ‘hole, eye,’ τράμις, ‘perineum,’ from root tar, ‘to traverse.’ Hence the original sense of Darm was probably ‘passage.’ — Allied to the collective Gedärm (Modern High German), neuter, ‘entrails,’ from the equivalent Middle High German gederme, Old High German gidermi, neuter.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Darre

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Darre. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Darre, feminine, ‘kiln for drying fruit, malt, &c.,’ from the equivalent Middle High German darre, Old High German darra, feminine; akin to Middle Low German darre, Swedish (dialectic) tarre: like dörren, dürr, from an Old Teutonic root þers, pre-Teutonic ters, upon which are based Modern High German Durst, dürsten, with a specialised meaning. The root ters appears in Greek τέρσομαι, ‘to become dry,’ τερσαίνω, ‘to dry’; in relation to Modern High German Darre the equivalent ταρσός and ταρσία, ‘hurdle for drying fruit,’ deserve special notice. The words connected with the root ters are cited under Durst, since they, like Durst, have been similarly restricted in meaning, Latin torreo, for *torseo, corresponds in form and idea to Modern High German dörren; compare further Latin torris, ‘firebrand,’ torridus, ‘parched.’ From Teutonic þarrian, French tarir, ‘to dry up,’ is derived. See dörren, dürr, Durst.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Daube

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Daube. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Daube, feminine, akin to the equivalent Middle High German dûge, feminine, ‘stave’; the Modern High German b compared with Middle High German g shows that the modern word cannot be a continuation of the Middle High German form. Upper German has preserved the word dauge, corresponding to Middle High German dûge; compare Dutch duig, ‘stave.’ Old Icelandic þûfa, feminine, ‘entrenchment, rampart,’ does not appear to be related. In Romance is found a word phonetically allied and equivalent in meaning — French douve, ‘stave’ (but also ‘moat’; hence this is connected with the Old Icelandic word quoted); it was most likely borrowed from Dutch or Low German. The Scandinavian þùfa and the Middle High German dûge look very much like Teutonic words whether they are allied or not. We cannot possibly derive Middle High German dûge from Greek δοχή, ‘receptacle.’ Respecting the permutation of b (f) and g, see Traube.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Dambock

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Dambock. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Dambock, Damhirsch, masculine, ‘buck’; in Modern High German often written Damm- in the attempt to find some cognate for this unintelligible word. Middle High German tâme, from Old High German tâmo, dâmo, masculine; the word is of Latin origin, dâma (French daim, masculine, daine, feminine). It is remarkable that in Anglo-Saxon the labial nasal is lost — Anglo-Saxon dâ, English doe; perhaps the latter is of genuine Teutonic origin. The initial d of the Modern High German word is due to the Latin original, or to Low German influence.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Damm

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Damm. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Damm, masculine, ‘dam, dike, mole,’ Middle High German tam(mm); the d of the Modern High German word compared with the t of Middle High German points to a recent borrowing from Low German; compare Dutch and English dam (a bank), Old Icelandic dammr. Gothic has only the derivative faurdammjan, ‘to embank, hinder’; akin to Anglo-Saxon demman, English to dam, Modern High German dämmen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Dattel

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Dattel. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Dattel, feminine, ‘date’ (fruit), from Middle High German datel, tatel, tatele, feminine; from Romance, — French datte, Italian dattilo; the primary source of which is Greek δάκτυλος, ‘date’ (compare Attich).; hence too Dutch dadel, English date.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Daumen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Daumen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Daumen, masculine, ‘thumb,’ from the equivalent Middle High German and Middle Low German dûme, Old High German dûmo, masculine; compare Dutch duim, Anglo-Saxon þûma, English thumb; Old Icelandic þumall, þumalfingr. The same derivative with the suffix l is seen, but with a change of meaning, however, in Anglo-Saxon þŷmel, English thimble (Gothic *þûma). This word ‘thumb’ is consequently common to the Teutonic group; even the other fingers had each its special name in the Old Teutonic period. The Anglo-Saxon terms middefinger, midlesta finger, se goldfinger, se lîtla finger, are in complete accord with Modern High German Mittelfinger (middle-finger), Goldfinger (ring-finger), and der kleine Finger (the little-finger), respectively. These terms are not formed, therefore, like Daumen from an old independent stem; in this way Daumen is proved to be primitively, though etymologically it is not quite clear; the pre-Teutonic form may have been *tûmon, perhaps akin to tŭmeo, ‘to swell’?. In that case Daumen would be equivalent to ‘swollen finger’; compare also Sanscrit tumrá-s, as ‘greasy, fat, vigorous,’ and tûtuma-s, ‘strong,’ Zend tûma, ‘strong,’ with Latin tum-eo. Greek τυΐλος, τύλη(ū̆), ‘callosity, swelling, knob, hump,’ are based upon a root tū̆, while the Latin cognates point to tū̆m. The original sense of both may have been ‘to swell, be thick.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Dampf

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Dampf. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Dampf, masculine, ‘vapour, steam,’ from Middle High German dampf, tampf, masculine, ‘vapour, smoke’; tampf seems to have been the strictly High German form; allied to the equivalent Old Icelandic dampe, English and Dutch damp, ‘moisture’; not recorded in the earlier, periods. Formed by gradation from a strong verb — Middle High German dimpfen, ‘to fume, smoke,’ which has disappeared in Modern High German; its factitive, however, still exists — dämpfen, Middle High German dempfen, original sense, ‘to cause to smoke,’ i.e, ‘to stifle (a fire).’ See also dumpf; dunkel may also be allied to it.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Thunfisch

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Thunfisch. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Thunfisch, masculine, ‘tunny,’ Modern High German only, from the equivalent Latin thunnus (Greek θύννος), whence Italian tonno, French thon (English tunny).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Tochter

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Tochter. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Tochter, feminine, ‘daughter,’ from the equivalent Middle High German tohter, Old High German tohter, feminine; a common Teutonic, and also a primitively Aryan term; compare Gothic daúhtar, Anglo-Saxon dohtor, English daughter, Dutch dochter, Old Saxon dohtar, ‘daughter.’ The primit Aryan dhuktêr (dhugatêr), on which the Teutonic cognates are based, is indicated also by Lithuanian duktě, Old Slovenian dŭšti; compare further Greek θυγάτηρ, Sanscrit duhitâr, Zend duγδar, ‘daughter.’ The Aryan word is usually considered to be a derivative of the Sanscrit root dugh, ‘to milk,’ regarding Tochter as equivalent to ‘milker.’ This assumption is, however, quite as dubious as the derivation of Vater, Mutter, and Bruder.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Thür

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Thür. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Thür, feminine, ‘door,’ from the equivalent Middle High German tür, Old High German turi, feminine; properly a plural form, the idea being often expressed by such a form; in Old High German we find turi as plural with a singular meaning (the stem was really dur-). Corresponding to Old Saxon duri (dura), Dutch deur, Anglo-Saxon duru (dyre); Old Icelandic dyrr is plural only. The common Aryan stem dhur (dhwer) recurs in Greek θύρα, θύρετρον, ‘door,’ to which θαιρός, ‘hinge of a door,’ and θυρών, ‘vestibule’ (compare Gothic daurôns, plural only, ‘door’), are allied; Latin fores, ‘door,’ Old Slovenian dvĭrĭ, ‘door’ (dvorŭ, ‘court’), Lithuanian dùrys, ‘door.’ To these are allied the equivalent Sanscrit dur, dvâr, which in the oldest period was inflected only in the dual or plural (the initial aspirate is dropped, because the case suffix begins with an aspirate). The primary meaning of this word, which has invariably the Modern High German signification, cannot be discovered. Allied to Thor.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Tiegel

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Tiegel. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Tiegel, masculine, ‘stewpan, crucible,’ from Middle High German tigel, tëgel, Old High German tëgal, ‘crucible’; corresponding to the equivalent Old Icelandic digull (Swedish degel, Danish digel). The cognates cannot have been derived from Latin tegula (yet compare Ziegel). The word is probably based on the Teutonic root dī̆g, ‘to knead, form,’ discussed under Teig.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Tier

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Tier. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Tier, neuter, ‘animal, beast, brute,’ from Middle High German tier, Old High German tior, neuter, ‘animal,’ especially ‘wild beast’ (hence Modern High German Tiergarten); corresponding to Old Saxon dior, ‘wild east,’ Dutch dier, ‘animal,’ Anglo-Saxon deór, English deer (in Middle High German also, as well as in the language of sportsmen in Modern High German, tier is often used in the sense of ‘roe’ and ‘hind’), Old Icelandic dýr, neuter, ‘animal,’ especially ‘wild beast,’ and also ‘roe, stag.’ Gothic dius, ‘wild beast,’ shows that the r of the words quoted are based upon Aryan s (base dheuso-?); to this the Anglo-Saxon adjective deór, ‘bold,’ and Old High German tiorlîh, ‘wild,’ are traced; hence Gothic dius, ‘animal,’ is probably an adjective used as a substantive (literally ‘the wild creature’). Tier, therefore, was originally quite distinct from Vieh, ‘useful gregarious animal.’ Latin animal with anima suggests the supposition that the cognates belong to an Aryan root dhus, ‘to breathe’ (compare Old Slovenian duša, duchŭ, ‘spirit, soul’).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Tobel

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Tobel. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Tobel, masculine, ‘narrow valley,’ from Middle High German tobel, Old High German tobal, masculine, ‘forest ravine, valley’; a derivative of the Teutonic root dub, dup (see Tief), to which Lithuanian daubà, dauburà, ‘valley,’ Old Slovenian duplĭ, ‘hollow,’ dĭbrĭ, ‘valley, ravine,’ are primitively cognate (Aryan root dhup, dhub).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Thurm

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Thurm. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Thurm, see Turm.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Tinte

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Tinte. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Tinte, feminine, ‘ink, tint,’ from the equivalent Middle High German tinte, tinkte (for nct and nt compare bunt and Spunt), Old High German tincta, feminine; the word is evidently borrowed; it is based on the equivalent Latin tincta (literally ‘coloured, variegated things’), whence Italian and Spanish tinta, ‘ink.’ It is clear, therefore, that the spelling Tinte is historically more correct than Dinte; the latter is due to Middle German and Low German. In Old High German atraminza (from Latin atramentum, compare Old French errement) was used. The equivalent ​English ink, Dutch inkt, Rhenish inkes, are based on the Romance cognates, French encre, Old French enques, Italian inchiostro (the ultimate source is Latin-Greek ἔγκαυστον).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Tisch

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Tisch. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Tisch, masculine, ‘table,’ from the equivalent Middle High German tisch, Old High German tisc, masculine; corresponding to Old Saxon disc, Dutch disch. The Old High German word also means ‘dish,’ the antiquity of which is proved by Anglo-Saxon disč, ‘dish, bowl,’ English dish. The Greek-Latin discus, on which the cognates are based, has the late signification ‘dish’ (post-classical; properly ‘disk’); yet compare also Italian desco, ‘table,’ Old French dois, ‘table’ (Modern French dais, ‘canopy, dais’).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Titel

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Titel. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Titel, masculine, ‘title, claim,’ from Middle High German titel (tittel), Old High German titul, tital, masculine; from the equivalent Latin titulus, whence also French titre, Italian titolo.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Flötz

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Flötz. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Flötz, neuter, older Fletze, neuter, ‘vein of ore,’ from Middle High German vlętze, neuter, ‘threshing-floor, vestibule, stratum,’ Old High German flęzzi; compare Anglo-Saxon flętt, ‘floor of the hall,’ Old Icelandic flet, ‘room, hall’; akin to the Old Icelandic adjective flatr, Old High German flaȥ, ‘flat, wide, level,’ mentioned under Fladen and flach.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Focke

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Focke. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Focke, feminine, ‘sail on the foremast,’ simply Modern High German, borrowed from Low German; compare Dutch fok, ‘foremast,’ Danish fok, Swedish fock, ‘foresail.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Flug

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Flug. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Flug, masculine, ‘act of flying, flight, flock,’ from Middle High German vluc (plural vlüge), Old High German fluy, masculine; corresponding to Anglo-Saxon flyge, Old Icelandic flugn, masculine, ‘flight’; verbal abstract of fliegen. For another form see under Flucht. Gothic *flugi- and *flauhti- are wanting. —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Flunder

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Flunder. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Flunder, masculine, ‘flounder,’ a Low German word derived from Scandinavian; compare Old Danish flundra, Old Swedish flundrae, English flounder. Akin also to Old Icelandic flyðra, Middle High German vluoder, ‘flounder’?.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Flut

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Flut. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Flut, feminine, ‘flood, inundation, billow,’ from the equivalent Middle High German vluot, masculine, feminine, Old High German fluot, masculine; a word common to Teutonic; compare Gothic flôdus, feminine, Old Icelandic flôþ, Anglo-Saxon flôd, masculine, neuter, English flood, Old Saxon flôd, Dutch vloed. Gothic flôdus, from pre-Teutonic plôtú-s, is based upon a Teutonic root flô (from pre-Teutonic plô); compare Anglo-Saxon flôwan, equivalent to English to flow, Old Icelandic flóa, ‘to flow.’ Akin to the Greek root πλω in πλώ-ω, ‘to float, sail, πλωτός, ‘floating, sailing, navigable.’ Perhaps this Aryan root plô is related to the Aryan root plu mentioned under fließen and Fluder; yet there is no direct connection between Flut and fließen and Greek πλύνω.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Fluder

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Fluder. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Fluder, neuter ‘mill trough,’ from Middle High German vlôder, neuter, ‘flowing, flooding, mill trough,’ Old High German flôdar, ‘flood of tears.’ In Gothic *flauþr, neuter, is probably to be assumed, based upon a root flau, flu; compare Old High German flouwen, flęwen, Middle High German vlouwen, vlöun, ‘to wash, rinse.’ The properly sense of the word is exactly that of fließen; compare Old Icelandic flau-mr, ‘current, flood’; for pre-Teutonic plu, see under fließen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Flöte

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Flöte. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Flöte, feminine, from the equivalent Middle High German floite, vloite, feminine, ‘flute’; corresponds to Dutch fluit, from Old French flaüte, Modern French flûte (whence also English flute, Dutch fluit); compare Italian flauto, ‘flute.’ In the idiom flötengehen, ‘to come to nothing,’ a Low German fleuten, ‘to flow’ (Old Low German fliotan), appears; it meant originally (in the 18th century) ‘to go through, run away.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Flügel

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Flügel. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Flügel, masculine, ‘wing, leaf (of a folding door), aisle, grand piano,’ from the equivalent Middle High German vlügel, masculine.; compare Dutch vleugel, ‘wing’; a late derivative of fliegen. Strange to say, a common Teutonic word is wanting. For an Old Aryan root, ‘to fly,’ see Feder (also Farn).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Flur

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Flur. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Flur, feminine, masculine, ‘field, meadow, floor, entrance-hall’; the division in meaning in Modern High German Flur, masculine, ‘vestibule,’ Flur, feminine, ​'corn field,’ was unknown to the older language; Middle High German vluor, masculine, feminine, ‘cornfield, floor, ground.’ The meanings ‘entrance to a house, vestibule, paved floor,’ belong to Middle High German and Low German; compare Dutch vloer, ‘vestibule, barn-floor,’ Anglo-Saxon flôr, masculine, feminine, ‘vestibule, barn-floor,’ also ‘storey,’ English floor; Scandinavian flór, ‘floor’ of a cow-house (Gothic flôrus is wanting). The resulting primary meaning, ‘floor,’ has been extended only in High German to ‘corn-field.’ Teutonic flóru-s, from pre-Teutonic plôrus, plârus, is most closely related to Old Irish lár for *plár, ‘floor, paved floor.’ Old Prussian plonis, ‘barn-floor,’ has a different suffix; it is allied to Lithuanian plónas, ‘flat’; hence perhaps it may be connected with Latin plânus.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Fluß

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Fluß. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Fluß, masculine, ‘river, stream, flow,’ from Middle High German vluȥ, Old High German fluȥ, masculine, ‘river, stream, cast, bronze cast, rheumatism’; in these senses simply a Modern High German derivative of fließen, pointing to Goth *fluti-. English flyte signifies a peculiar kind of ‘vessel, pontoon.’ For the genuinely Teutonic word for ‘river, flowing water,’ see under Au; compare also Strom.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Ohmet

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Ohmet | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Ohmet, n., ‘aftermath,’ from the equiv. MidHG. âmât, OHG. âmâd, n.; also in the same sense with a different prefix MidHG. uëmet, OHG. uomât, n., ‘second mowing of the grass’; for OHG. mâd see under Mahd. The OHG. syllables â and uo are nominal prefixes; OHG. uo also signifies ‘after’ in the compounds uo-quëmo, ‘descendant,’ uo-chumft, ‘succession’; â-, which is usually a negative prefix (see Ohnmacht), means ‘remaining,’ in OHG. â-leiba, MidHG. âleibe, ‘relics.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Opfer

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Opfer | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Opfer, n., ‘offering, sacrifice,’ from MidHG. opfer, OHG. opfar, n., is not based on a Lat. word, but coined from the G. vb. (comp. Handel); see also Oblate. Moreover, the Teutons had their own special word for ‘to sacrifice’; Goth. and AS. blôtan, OIc. blóta, OHG. bluoȥan.