OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cullum, Thomas Gery

​CULLUM, Sir THOMAS GERY (1741–1831), Bath king-at-arms, second son of Sir John Cullum of Hardwick, Suffolk, fifth baronet, by his second wife, Susanna, daughter of Sir Thomas Gery, was born on 30 Nov. 1741 at Hardwick House, and baptised on 5 Jan. 1741–2 at St. Mary's, Bury St. Edmunds. He was educated at the Charterhouse, and being intended for the medical profession, he attended the lectures of William and John Hunter, and was admitted a member of the Corporation of Surgeons on 7 May 1778, and in 1800 was enrolled a member of the college. He practised with distinction as a surgeon at Bury St. Edmunds, of which town he became alderman. He was made Bath king-at-arms 8 Nov. 1771, an office which he held until 1800, when he was succeeded by his second son, John Palmer Cullum. He married Mary, daughter of Robert Hanson of Normanton, Yorkshire, and heiress of her brother, Sir Lovett Hanson, chamberlain to the Duke of Modena. In 1774 he printed privately ‘Floræ Anglicæ Specimen imperfectum et ineditum,’ in 104 pages, 8vo, the arrangement being based on the Linnæan system, which work he probably discontinued owing to the publications of his friend, Sir J. E. Smith, who dedicated his ‘English Flora’ in 1824 to Cullum in highly flattering terms. He succeeded his brother Sir John [q. v.] as seventh baronet in 1785. In 1813 he edited a second edition of his brother's ‘History and Antiquities of Hawsted and Hardwick.’ He was a fellow of the Royal and Linnean Societies and of the Society of Antiquaries, and a constant attendant at their meetings; the love of botany evinced by him and by his brother was commemorated by the genus Cullumia in the ‘Hortus Kewensis.’ He died on 8 Sept. 1831, and was buried at Hawsted. Many of his antiquarian and scientific note-books are preserved at Hardwick House. His eldest son, Sir Thomas Gery Cullum, eighth baronet, was also distinguished as a botanist.
[Gage's History of Suffolk, Thingoe Hundred; Gent. Mag. 1831, ci. 270; family papers, &c., in the possession of G. Milner Gibson-Cullum, F.S.A., at Hardwick House, Bury St. Edmunds.]
G. S. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Culy, David

​CULY, DAVID (d. 1725?), sectary, was a native of Guyhirn, a hamlet in the parish of Wisbech St. Peter's, Cambridgeshire. He founded a new sect of dissenters who were called Culimites. They held him in such high esteem that he was styled the bishop of Guyhirn (Notes and Queries, 2nd ser. x. 407). Most of the inhabitants of Guyhirn became his disciples, as did many persons at Whittlesea, Wisbech St. Mary's, Outwell, and Upwell, until his flock was increased to seven or eight hundred. But after his death, which occurred about 1725, the Culimites gradually declined in numbers, and in 1755, when Bishop Mawson issued articles of inquiry respecting nonconformists, it appeared that there were only fifteen families belonging to the sect in the diocese of Ely, and that they all resided at Wisbech St. Mary's and Guyhirn. Culy's doctrine differed but little from that of the anabaptists, to which sect he had originally belonged.
Shortly after his death there appeared: ‘The Works of Mr. David Culy, in three parts: I. The Glory of the two Crown'd Heads, Adam & Christ, unveil'd; or the Mystery of the New Testament opened. II. Letters and Answers to and from several Ministers of divers Persuasions, on various subjects. III. Above forty Hymns compos'd on Weighty Subjects,’ London, 1726, 12mo; Boston, 1787, 12mo. The first part, ‘The Glory of the two Crown'd Heads,’ was reprinted at Plymouth Dock, 1800, 12mo, and at Spilsby, 1820, 12mo (Brit. Mus. Cat.)
[Authorities quoted above; Stevenson's Appendix to Bentham's Hist. of Ely, p. 44*; Watson's Wisbech, p. 456.]
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cullum, Dudley

​CULLUM, Sir DUDLEY, third baronet (1657–1720), horticultural writer, of Hawsted and Hardwick, Suffolk, son of Sir Thomas Cullum, second baronet, by Dudley, daughter of Sir Henry North of Mildenhall, and grandson of Sir Thomas Cullum [q. v.], was born and baptised at Wickhambrook, Suffolk, on 17 Sept. 1657. He received his education first at Bury school, and then went to St. John's College, Cambridge, in 1675. He succeeded his father in 1680, and on 8 Sept. 1681 married at Berkeley House Anne, daughter of John, lord Berkeley of Stratton. While at Cambridge he suffered from small-pox. In 1684 a dispute arose as to 1,000l. of dowry, which was compromised by his mother-in-law, Lady Berkeley, depositing the said sum in the hands of a third party until the law courts should decide upon the matter.
He was much devoted to his garden at Hawsted, where he cultivated most of the exotics then known to English gardeners, and he speaks of his orange-trees as thriving in an especial manner. He corresponded with Evelyn, who acted as his adviser in gardening matters. The greenhouse was of exceptional size, and the experiments therein made were related in a paper printed in the ‘Philosophical Transactions,’ xviii. (1694), 191 Abr. iii. 659. A list of the plants contained in the greenhouse at the time of his death is among the papers preserved at Hardwick House.
He served as high sheriff in 1690, and afterwards was elected member of parliament in 1702, but was unsuccessful in another contest in 1705. Lady Cullum died in 1709, and was buried at Hawsted, and on 12 June 1710 Cullum married as second wife his relative, Anne, daughter of James and Dorothy Wicks of Bury St. Edmunds. He died on 16 Sept. 1720 without issue, and was buried at Hawsted. His widow remarried the Rev. John Fulham, archdeacon of Llandaff, and, dying on 22 Jan. 1737, was buried with her first husband at Hawsted. There are three portraits of Cullum at Hardwick House, two being miniatures.
Brown's genus Cullumia in Aiton's ‘Hort. Kew.’ (2nd ed.), v. 137, was probably named after his contemporary Sir Thomas Gery Cullum.
[Cullum's History of Hawsted, 2nd ed. 1813, pp. 185–90; Burke's Visitations, 2nd ser. ii. 89; Johnson's Eng. Gard. p. 122; family papers belonging to G. Milner Gibson-Cullum, F.S.A., at Hardwick, Bury St. Edmunds.]
B. D. J.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Kingsbury, William

​KINGSBURY, WILLIAM (1744–1818), dissenting minister, was born in Bishopsgate Street, London, on 12 July 1744. On the death of his father, Thomas Kingsbury, in 1753, he was placed at Merchant Taylors' School, but some two years later received a nomination from Sir John Barnard [q. v.] for Christ's Hospital. Leaving there in 1758 he entered the congregational academy at Mile End, where he studied under John Conder [q. v.] and Thomas Gibbons [q. v.] After much mental conflict he was converted towards the close of 1760, preached his first sermon at Bethnal Green in August 1763, and was ordained minister to the independent congregation at Southampton on 8 Aug. 1765. There he remained some forty-five years, attracting a large congregation by the evident earnestness of his preaching. In 1770, when John Howard the philanthropist was at Southampton, Kingsbury laid the foundations of a lifelong intimacy with him, and contributed some particulars to the life of Howard by James Baldwin Brown the elder [q. v.] Another close friend was John Newton [q. v.], the intimate of the poet Cowper. Kingsbury was a strong supporter of the movement which developed into the London Missionary Society, and in 1796 he drew up by request a circular letter of appeal to the independent churches throughout the country. Some disparaging remarks let fall in a sermon by Richard Mant, D.D., rector of All Souls', Southampton, in this same year, drew from Kingsbury his one controversial work, ‘The Manner in which Protestant Dissenters perform Prayer in Public Worship vindicated,’ London, 1796, 12mo; the tract rapidly passed through two editions. In 1809 Kingsbury, who had since 1772 conducted a small school in addition to his pastoral duties, found himself unequal to his work. He formally resigned his pastorate on 29 July in that year, when a stipend of 200l. per annum, of which he would only accept 120l., was offered him. He died at Caversham on 18 Feb. 1818, and a mural tablet was erected to his memory in the independent chapel at Southampton. Kingsbury married in November 1768 a Miss Andrews, daughter of Mordecai Andrews, an independent minister in London, by whom a son, Thomas, and a daughter, Sarah, who married one Jameson, survived him. A memoir, together with a ​devotional diary kept by Kingsbury during the latter years of his life, was published by John Bullar of Southampton in 1819.
Kingsbury published, besides the work mentioned above, a number of funeral sermons. A copy of one, which is not mentioned in the British Museum Catalogue, on the ‘Life, Labors, and Departure of the Rev. Edward Ashburner,’ delivered at Poole in Dorset, 6 July 1804, is in Dr. Williams's Library. Another sermon, published in 1789, on ‘The Sickness and Recovery of King Hezekiah,’ was ‘occasioned by the happy recovery of his Majesty’ (George III).
[Life by Bullar; Wilson's Dissenting Churches, i. 190, ii. 549, iii. 503; Biog. Dict. of Living Authors, p. 190; Brown's Life of Howard, p. 101; Darling's Cyclop. Bibl. 1732; Morison's Missionary Fathers.]
T. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Kingscote, Henry Robert

​KINGSCOTE, HENRY ROBERT (1802–1882), philanthropist, was born on 25 May 1802. He was second son of Thomas Kingscote (d. 1811), who was brother of Robert Kingscote of Kingscote, Gloucestershire; his mother was Harriet, fourth daughter of Sir Henry Peyton of Dodington in the same county. He was educated at Harrow, and early became a cricketer and rider to hounds. He was six feet five inches in height. He played his first match at Lord's on 21 May 1823. In 1827 he was elected president of the Marylebone Cricket Club. A narrow escape from drowning turned his attention to religious matters; he became a friend of Bishop Blomfield, and with him was instrumental in founding the Church of England Scripture Readers' Association and the Metropolitan Visiting and Relief Association, of which he was a trustee all his life. In 1846 he published a pamphlet-letter to the Archbishop of Canterbury on the needs of the church, which ran through several editions, and in it he urged the extension of lay agency and the foundation of new bishoprics. In 1846 he helped to found the Southwark fund for schools and churches, and in 1847 he helped in alleviating the distress in Ireland. He sent out supplies to the troops during the Crimean war. In 1868 Kingscote was one of the founders of the British and Colonial Emigration Society; he was also the founder of the scheme for establishing workshops for the indigent blind, which was not very successful, and of the National Orphan Asylum at Ham Common. Kingscote died on 13 July 1882. He married, on 11 July 1833, Harriet Elizabeth Tower of Weald Hall, Essex, and by her had three sons and five daughters.
[Times, 14 July 1882; Lillywhite's Cricket Scores and Biographies, i. 468; Box's English Game of Cricket, p. 101; Nimrod's Hunting Tour, p. 198; Men of the Reign; Burke's Landed Gentry.]
W. A. J. A.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Kingsmill, Thomas

​KINGSMILL, THOMAS (fl. 1605), regius professor of Hebrew at Oxford, was seventh son of Sir John Kingsmill of Fribock, Hampshire. Entering Magdalen College, Oxford, as a demy, he graduated B.A. in 1559, M.A. in 1564, and supplicated for the B.D. degree in 1572 (Oxf. Univ. Reg., Oxf. Hist. Soc, vol, i.) He was probationer fellow from 1559 to 1568, natural philosophy lecturer in 1563, Hebrew lecturer in 1565, and junior dean of arts in 1567. On 15 Dec. 1565 he was appointed public orator, and on 2 Nov. 1570 regius professor of Hebrew. He became mad for a time, and was obliged to resign his professorship in 1591.
He wrote: 1. 'A Complaint against Securitie in these perilous Times,' 8vo, London, 1602. 2. 'Classicum Poenitentiale (Tractatus de Scandalo, &c.),' 2 pts. 4to, Oxford, 1605. 3. 'The Drunkards Warning: a Sermon,' 8vo, London, 1631,
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Kingsley, Henry

​KINGSLEY, HENRY (1830–1876), novelist, third son of the Rev. Charles Kingsley, and younger brother of Charles Kingsley [q. v.] and George Henry Kingsley [q. v.], was born at Barnack, Northamptonshire, on 2 Jan. 1830. He was educated at King's College, London, and at Worcester College, Oxford, where he matriculated 6 March 1850. He left college in 1853 to go to the Australian goldfields with some fellow-students. After five years' desultory and unremunerative employment he returned to England, and soon afterwards made himself known by the spirited and successful novel, ‘Geoffrey Hamlyn,’ in which his Australian experience was turned to account. It was followed in 1861 by ‘Ravenshoe,’ which also made its mark, and afterwards by many others. In 1864 he married his second cousin, Sarah Maria Kingsley, and settled at Wargrave, near Henley-on-Thames. He was afterwards for eighteen months editor of the ‘Edinburgh Daily Review,’ an organ of the free church. During his editor​editorship the Franco-German war broke out, and Kingsley went out as correspondent for his paper. He was present at the battle of Sedan (1 Sept. 1870), and was the first Englishman to enter the town afterwards. After giving up the paper he settled for a time in London, and renewed his work as a novelist. He subsequently retired to the Attrees, Cuckfield, Sussex, where he died of a cancer in the tongue after some months' illness on 24 May 1876.
Kingsley's works are:
* ‘The Recollections of Geoffrey Hamlyn,’ 3 vols. 1859.
* ‘Ravenshoe,’ 3 vols. 1862.
* ‘Austin Elliott,’ 2 vols. 1863 (French translation by Daurand Forgues, 1866).
* ‘The Hillyars and Burtons: a Story of two Families,’ 3 vols. 1865.
* ‘Leighton Court: a Country House Story,’ 2 vols. 1866.
* ‘Silcote of Silcotes,’ 3 vols. 1867.
* ‘Mademoiselle Mathilde,’ 3 vols. 1868.
* ‘Stretton,’ 3 vols. 1869.
* ‘Old Margaret,’ 2 vols. 1871.
* ‘The Lost Child’ (illustrated by L. Frölich), 1871.
* ‘The Boy in Grey,’ 1871.
* ‘Hetty, and other Stories,’ 1871.
* ‘The Harveys,’ 2 vols. 1872.
* ‘Hornby Mills, and other Stories,’ 1872.
* ‘Valentin: a French Boy's Story of Sedan,’ 1872.
* ‘Reginald Hetherege,’ 3 vols. 1874.
* ‘Number Seventeen,’ 2 vols. 1875.
* ‘The Grange Garden: a Romance,’ 3 vols. 1876.
* ‘Fireside Studies,’ 2 vols. 1876.
He also edited the Globe edition of ‘Robinson Crusoe’ in 1868, with a biographical introduction, and published in 1869 ‘Tales of Old Travels re-narrated.’
[Information from Mrs. Henry Kingsley.]
L. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Kingsley, George Henry

​KINGSLEY, GEORGE HENRY (1827–1892), traveller and author, son of the Rev. Charles Kingsley of Battramsley House in the New Forest, was born at Barnack, Northamptonshire, 14 Feb. 1827. Charles Kingsley [q. v.] and Henry Kingsley [q. v.] were his brothers. He was educated at King's College School, London, at Edinburgh University, where he graduated M.D. in 1846, and at Paris, where he was slightly wounded during the barricades of 1848. Later in 1848 his activity in combating the outbreak of cholera in England was commemorated by his brother Charles in the portrait of Tom Thurnall in ‘Two Years Ago.’ He completed his medical education at Heidelberg, and returning to England about 1850, devoted himself from the commencement of his career to a special line of practice, the charge of individual patients. He adopted foreign travel as his method of treatment, and either in the capacity of medical adviser, or merely as travelling companion, he explored most of the countries of the world. Travelling in Polynesia between 1867 and 1870 with the young Earl of Pembroke, he recorded his experiences in the volume by which he is chiefly remembered, ‘South Sea Bubbles by the Earl and the Doctor,’ London, 1872, 8vo. Frank and unconventional in style, graphic and humorous in its descriptions, this book of travel and adventure won great and instant success, reaching a fifth edition by 1873.
Travelling subsequently with Lord Dunraven and other noblemen, Kingsley did much work as a field naturalist, and made numerous communications to the ‘Field’ under the signature of ‘The Doctor.’ A large amount of his manuscript on subjects connected with folklore and ethnology is now in the possession of his son. While acting as medical adviser to the Earl of Ellesmere's family, he had the partial care of the library at Bridgewater House, and in 1865 he edited, from a manuscript preserved there, Francis Thynne's ‘Animadversions uppon the Annotacions and Corrections of some Imperfections of Impressiones of Chaucer's Workes … reprinted in 1598,’ which was re-edited, with additions by Dr. Furnivall, for the Chaucer Society, in 1876.
Kingsley's genial manners, versatility, and store of picturesque information rendered him extremely popular in society. He was a keen and experienced sportsman, an excellent linguist, and a brilliant talker. Dying on Friday, 5 Feb. 1892, at his house, 7 Mortimer Road, Cambridge, he was buried on 15 Feb. in Highgate cemetery. He married in 1860 Mary Bailey (d. April 1892), having a son, Charles, and a daughter.
Besides the works mentioned above Kingsley published:
* ‘Four Phases of Love. Translated from the German of Heyse,’ 1857, 8vo.
* ‘A Gossip on a Sutherland Hillside,’ 1861, 8vo: a descriptive sketch of a stalking expedition in Sutherland, included by Francis Galton in his ‘Vacation Tourists and Notes of Travel.’
[Athenæum, 13 Feb. 1892; Cambridge Chron. 12 and 19 Feb.; Manchester Guardian, 8 Feb.; Brit. Mus. Cat.; private information.]
T. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Kingsmill, Andrew

​KINGSMILL, ANDREW (1538–1569), puritan divine, son of John Kingsmill of Sidmonton in Hampshire, was probably born at Sidmonton in 1538. He matriculated on 23 Aug. 1553 at Corpus Christi College, Oxford, and in 1558 was elected fellow of All Souls' College. He was admitted B.C.L. in the beginning of 1563, and acquired a high reputation as a student of civil law, but gradually turned towards divinity. He soon knew by heart considerable portions of the Old and New Testaments in Greek, and was a keen student of Hebrew. ‘A young bachelor of All Souls’ who frequently supplied the sermon at St. Mary's at the beginning of Elizabeth's reign is identified as Kingsmill by Wood. In order to qualify himself thoroughly for the ministry Kingsmill spent three years at Geneva, and removing thence to Lausanne, died there in September 1569. His papers came into the hands of his friend Francis Mills, sub-warden of All Souls, who describes him, in a short sketch of his life, as ‘a phœnix among lawyers, and a rare example of godliness among gentlemen’ (View of Man's Estate, Pref.)
Mills edited the following works by Kingsmill: 1. ‘A Viewe of Mans Estate, wherein the greate Mercie of God in Mans free Justification by Christ is verie comfortably declared. By Andrewe Kyngesmill. Divided into Chapiters in such sorte as maie beste serve for the commoditie of the Reader. Whereunto is annexed a Godlie Advise given by the Author touchyng Mariage … London, by H. Bynneman,’ 1574, 1576, 1580, 8vo. The ‘Advise’ is addressed to the author's sister, who had lost her first husband. 2. ‘A most excellent and comfortable Treatise for all such as are any maner of way either troubled in Mynde or afflicted in Bodie. Made by Andrew Kingesmyl, Gentleman, sometime fellow of Alsoule Colledge in Oxford. Imprinted at London by Christopher Barkar,’ 1577, 1578, 1585, 8vo. This also was written by Kingsmill for his sister. Printed along with this tract are two treatises usually ascribed to Kingsmill, but Mills, in his prefatory note, declares himself unable to conjecture the author of the second treatise, and says nothing about the third. They are entitled: ‘A verie and learned Exhortation to suffer patiently all Afflictions for the Gospel of Christ Jesus.’ ‘A Conference conteyning a Conflict had with Satan,’ &c. Wood ascribes to Kingsmill ‘A Sermon on St. John iii. 16’ (perhaps the ‘View’): ‘Resolutions concerning the Sacraments;’ ‘Resolutions of some Questions relating to Bishops, Priests, and Deacons,’ and papers on ‘other matters relating to the Reformation.’ Strype mentions a long letter written by Kingsmill to Archbishop Parker ‘against urging the habits.’
[Wood's Athenæ, ed. Bliss, i. 373; Fasti, i. 162; Boase's Reg. of Univ. of Oxford, i. 238, 250, II. ii. 10; Strype's Parker (Clar. Press, 1821), i. 313; Catalogues of Brit. Mus. and Bodleian Libraries; Lowndes's Bibliog. Manual.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Kingsmill, Robert Brice

​KINGSMILL, Sir ROBERT BRICE (1730–1805), admiral, son of Charles Brice, a captain in the army, was made a lieutenant on 29 April 1756, was appointed commander of the Swallow sloop in February 1761, and was confirmed in the rank on 3 July, consequent on his capture of a 10-gun privateer on the coast of France. In 1762 he commanded the Basilisk bomb at the reduction of Martinique and St. Lucia by Sir George Rodney, and on 26 May was posted to the Crescent. He returned to England in 1764. He had already married Elizabeth, only daughter of Hugh Corry of Newton, co. Down, and of his wife, Frances, only daughter of Sir William Kingsmill (d. 1698), knight, of Sidmonton, Hampshire. On the death of her last surviving maternal uncle, William Kingsmill, a bachelor, in 1766, Brice's wife succeeded to her grandfather's estates; on which Brice assumed by act of parliament the surname of ​Kingsmill by royal license. He commanded the Vigilant of 64 guns in the action off Ushant on 27 July 1778 [see Keppel, Augustus, Viscount], but after the courts-martial quitted the ship in disgust at the action of the admiralty. On the change of ministry in 1782 he was appointed to the Elizabeth, which after the peace was employed as a guardship. He was elected M.P. for Tregony, Cornwall, on 5 April 1784. In the Spanish armament of 1790 he commanded the Duke of 90 guns. On 1 Feb. 1793 he was promoted to be rear-admiral, and was shortly afterwards appointed commander-in-chief on the coast of Ireland, an arduous, though not brilliant post, which he held continuously till 1800, being advanced meanwhile to the rank of vice-admiral on 4 July 1794, and of admiral on 14 Feb. 1799. He was created a baronet on 24 Nov. 1800, and died without issue at Sidmouth on 23 Nov. 1805.
His brother Edward, principal surveyor of revenue at Belfast, also assumed the surname of Kingsmill in December 1787, and his son Robert succeeded his uncle as second baronet. On the second baronet's death in 1823 the title became extinct.
[Charnock's Biog. Nav. vi. 485; Ralfe's Nav. Biog. i. 354; Burke's Dormant and Extinct Baronetcies.]
J. K. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hepburn, James (d.1637)

​HEPBURN, Sir JAMES (d. 1637), Scottish soldier of fortune, was the son and heir of Hepburn of Waughton, Haddingtonshire, and cousin of Sir John Hepburn [q. v.] He served under Sir John in Germany and France, attended his funeral, and, although objected to as a protestant, succeeded to his rank as commander of the Scots brigade. Richelieu wished Lord James Douglas (1617–1645) [q. v.] to be appointed, but Cardinal de la Valette, the general in command, apparently decided in favour of Hepburn. Hepburn served under Châtillon in Lorraine in 1637, and on 16 Oct., while he was fighting in the breach effected by blowing up a mine at Damvillers, a musket-ball passed through his chest. He died on 7 Nov. at Damvillers, which had capitulated the day after he was wounded. Lord James Douglas succeeded him.
[Gaz. de France, 31 Oct. and 12 Dec. 1637; James Grant's Memoirs of Sir John Hepburn.]
J. G. A.