OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Forrest, Henry

​FORREST or FORRES, HENRY (d. 1533?), Scottish, martyr, is referred to by Knox as ‘of Linlithgow,’ and Foxe describes him as a ‘young man born in Linlithgow.’ David Laing, in his edition of Knox's ‘Works,’ conjectures that he may have been the son of ‘Thomas Forrest of Linlithgow’ mentioned in the treasurer's accounts as receiving various sums for the ‘bigging of the dyke about the paliss of Linlithgow.’ He also states that the name ‘Henricus Forrus’ occurs in the list of students who became bachelors of arts at the university of Glasgow in 1518, but supposes with more likelihood that he was identical with the ‘Henriccus Forrest’ who was a determinant in St. Leonards College, St. Andrews, in 1526, which would account for his special interest in the fate of Patrick Hamilton. Forrest was a friar of the order of Benedictines. Knox states that Forrest suffered martyrdom for no other crime than having in his possession a New Testament in English; but Foxe gives as the chief reason that he had ‘affirmed and said that Mr. Patrick Hamilton died a martyr, and that his articles were true.’ Before being brought to trial Forrest, according to Knox, underwent ‘a long imprisonment in the sea tower of St. Andrews.’ Foxe and Spotiswood both state that the evidence against him was insufficient until a friar, Walter Laing, was sent on purpose to confess him, when he unsuspiciously revealed his sentiments in regard to Patrick Hamilton. According to Foxe he was first degraded before the ‘clergy in a green place,’ described, with apparently a somewhat mistaken knowledge of localities, as ‘being between the castle of St. Andrews and another place called Monimail.’ He was then condemned as a heretic and burned at the north church stile of the abbey church of St. Andrews, ‘to the intent that all the people of Anguishe’ (Angus or Forfar, on the north side of the Firth of Tay) ‘might see the fire, and so might be the more feared from falling into the like doctrine.’ When brought to the place of execution he is said to have exclaimed, 'Fie on falsehood! fie on false friars, revealers of confession!' Calderwood supposes the martyrdom to have occurred in 1529 or the year following, but as Foxe places it within five years after Hamilton's martyrdom, and Knox refers to Forrest's ' long imprisonment,' it in all probability took place in 1532 or 1533.
T. F. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Forrest, Theodosius

​FORREST, THEODOSIUS (1728–1784), author and lawyer, son of Ebenezer Forrest [q. v.], a solicitor, author of ‘Momus turn'd Fabulist,’ and a friend of Rich and Hogarth, was born in London in 1728. He studied drawing under Lambert, one of the first landscape-painters of his time, and until a year or two ​before his death annually (1762-81) exhibited at the Royal Academy. He then entered his father's business; and became a steady solicitor, retaining, however, his artistic tastes. He had a passion for music, and could catch and reproduce an air with surprising quickness. He was a member of the Beefsteak Club, and his society was prized by Garrick and Colman. As solicitor to Covent Garden Theatre, Forrest was thrown into close relations with the dramatic profession, and he composed a musical entertainment. 'The Weathercock,' produced at Covent Garden 17 Oct. 1775, said by Genest to be ‘poor stuff.’ As a writer of songs, however, Forrest was more successful. He is said to have been exceedingly generous, a man of strict integrity, a good judge in matters of art, and an agreeable and entertaining companion. He earned considerable reputation for the rendering of his own ballads. Towards the close of his life Forrest was afflicted with a painful nervous disorder, attended with a black jaundice. He was thrown into a condition of deep melancholy, and on 5 Nov. 1784 killed himself at his chambers in George Street, York Buildings, London. Forrest had a plentiful income, and was very charitable. A portrait of Forrest, with Francis Grose the antiquary [q. v.] and Hone, was painted by Dance and engraved by Bartolozzi.
[Baker's Biographia Dramatica, 1812; Gent. Mag. 1784, p. 877 (article by Thomas Tyers), and 1824, i. 582; Nichols's Lit. Anecd. iii. 659; Genest's Hist. of the Stage, v. 512; Graves's Dict. of Artists.]
G. B. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Forrest, Thomas (d.1540)

​FORREST, THOMAS (d. 1540), Scottish martyr. [See Forret.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Keigwin, John

​KEIGWIN, JOHN (1641–1716), Cornish scholar, was born at Mousehole on Mounts Bay in Cornwall, and baptised at Paul on 7 Jan. 1641. His direct ancestor was 'Jenkin Keigwin, gent.,' who was killed by a cannon-ball when the Spaniards landed at Mousehole on 23 July 1595. His father was Martin Keigwin, and he was the only son by a second marriage. His mother was Elizabeth, second daughter of Robert Scawen of St. Germans, whom his father married 27 Dec. 1639. John Keigwin received a classical education, and was instructed in the Cornish language by his father. His occupation was that of a merchant at Mousehole, but he gave much of his time to the study 'of the original language of his county,' then on the verge of extinction, and was probably the last person whose knowledge of it was profound. Edward Lhuyd, in his address 'to the courteous and noble inhabitants of the county of Cornwall,' expresses his acknowledgments to Keigwin. In 1700 Lhuyd came into Cornwall, and, with the assistance of Keigwin, wrote his 'Cornish Grammar.' While attending the assizes for Cornwall, Keigwin was requested by Sir Francis North, the lord chief justice, to undertake the translation from the Cornish of a mystery play entitled 'Pascon Agan Arluth' (The Passion of our Lord). This he did in 1682. His second work was a translation of 'The Creation of the World,' by William Jordan [q. v.], 1697. These works remained in manuscript until 1826–7, when Davies Gilbert, F.R.S., edited and printed them in two volumes, entitled respectively 'Mount Calvary' and 'The Creation of the World.' Gilbert's knowledge of Cornish was, however, limited, and he made many errors of transcription. Between 1860 and 1863 Mr. Whitley Stokes re-edited them in the 'Transactions of the Philological Society.' Keigwin corresponded in the Cornish tongue with John Boson, William Gwavas, and Thomas Tonkin. One of his letters to Gwavas, dated 1693, is in the British Museum Addit. MS. 28555, pp. 139–40.
He died at Mousehole on 20 April 1716. By his wife Mary Penrose, whom he married in 1666, he had four children.
[Mount Calvary, 1826, with Memoir of J. Keigwin, by Sir N. H. Nicolas, pp. xi–xviii; Mackay's Annals of the Bodleian; Pryce's Archæologia Cornu-Britannica, 1790, in Preface; Burke's Landed Gentry, 1850, i. 664, 937; Boase and Courtney's Bibl. Cornub. pp. 280, 281, 1089, 1195.]
G. C. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Keill, James

​KEILL, JAMES (1673–1719), physician, born in Scotland on 27 March 1673, was the younger brother of John Keill [q. v.] the mathematician. He was educated partly at home, partly on the continent. He applied himself especially to anatomy, and coming to England acquired much reputation by lecturing on that subject at Oxford and Cambridge. The latter university conferred upon him the degree of M.D. With this degree, and without belonging to the College of Physicians, he settled in 1703 as a physician at Northampton, where he continued for the rest of his life. He died unmarried on 16 July 1719 of a painful cancer of the mouth, and was buried in St. Giles's Church, Northampton, where a monument, with a Latin inscription, was erected to his memory by his brother John.
Keill was an able mathematician and competent anatomist. He was an active supporter of the mechanical or ‘Iatro-mathematical’ school of medicine. Some of his ideas he acknowledges to have been derived from his brother, the mathematician. He discussed by mathematical methods, combined with experiment, several physiological problems, such as secretion, the amount of blood in the body, muscular motion, and the force of the heart. On the latter point he corrected the exaggerated estimate of Borelli; but his own results were not satisfactory, and were criticised by Dr. Jurin in the ‘Philosophical Transactions.’ Keill's reply was written from his deathbed on 23 June 1719, and Jurin, in his rejoinder, paid a warm tribute to his departed ​antagonist. The final result was to show that the application of mathematical calculus to physiological problems was premature. Keill's essays were, however, much esteemed, and are still regarded as of some historical importance (see MacKendrick, Brit. Med. Journal, 1883, i. 654). He also made a series of physiological observations on himself, after the manner of Sanctorius, published as ‘Medicina statica Britannica,’ in the third edition of his essays.
Keill's chief work appeared first as ‘An Account of Animal Secretion, the Quantity of Blood in the Humane Body, and Muscular Motion,’ London, 1708, 8vo; 2nd edit. enlarged under the new title of ‘Essays on several Parts of the Animal Œconomy,’ London, 1717, 8vo; 3rd edit. (Latin), ‘Tentamina Medico-Physica, &c. Quibus accessit Medicina statica Britannica,’ London, 1718, 8vo; 4th edit., containing in addition ‘A Dissertation concerning the Force of the Heart, by James Jurin, M.D., with Dr. Keill's Answer and Dr. Jurin's Reply; also Medicina statica Britannica, &c., explained and compared with the Aphorisms of Sanctorius, by John Quincy, M.D.,’ London, 1738, 8vo. He wrote also ‘The Anatomy of the Human Body, abridged,’ London, 1698, 12mo, 15th edit. 1771; ‘An Account of the Death and Dissection of John Bayles of Northampton, reputed to have been 130 years old’ (Phil. Trans. 1706, xxv. 2247); and ‘De Viribus Cordis’ (ib. 1719, xxx. 995).
J. F. P.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Keilway, Robert

​KEILWAY, KELLWAY, or KAYLWAY, ROBERT (1497–1581), legal reporter, was in 1543 the recipient of a grant of the wardship and marriage of Eliz. and Anne Whittocksmede (Pat. Roll, 35 Henry VIII, p. 2), and subsequently of many other minors, a privilege from which he no doubt reaped considerable profit. In 1547 he was autumn ​reader at the Inner Temple, and in May of that year surveyor of the court of wards and liveries. In September 1547 he, with Lord St. John, was appointed to inquire into the state of the crown revenues, and in the following February was made custos rotulorum of Berkshire. In 1549 he was a commissioner in the western counties for the sale of dissolved chantries. He was serjeant-at-law in 1552, and treasurer of the Inner Temple in 1557–8. In 1559 his name appears as a commissioner in an inquiry about to be held as to the revenues from episcopal lands. In August 1564 he was selected by the privy council to exhort the clothiers of Reading to continue their trade, and not, by its stoppage, throw a large proportion of the inhabitants out of employment (State Papers, Domestic Eliz. vol. xxxix. No. 43).
He made his will on 6 July 1580 (Prerog. Court of Canterbury, Darcy Register, fol. 9). The only person of his name mentioned is his ‘cousin’ Francis, son and heir of Sir William Keilway or Kelloway, knt., deceased. He refers to his dwelling-houses in the Temple, in Fleet Street, at Stepney, and at Shawlingford, Berkshire. He constitutes Sir Thomas Bromley, knt., the lord chancellor, one of his executors, and leaves him one of his best horses or geldings. He died at Exton, Rutland, on 21 Feb. 1581, and was buried there. An only child, Anne, was then the wife of ‘John Harrington, esq.’ His property lay chiefly in Warwickshire (Inquisitiones Post Mortem, 23 Eliz. pt. i. No. 50).
The legal reports with which his name is associated were first published in 1602, under the title ‘Relationes quorundam casuum selectorum ex libris Rob. Keilwey Arm. qui temporibus felicissimæ memoriæ Regis Henrici Septimi et inclitissimi Regis Henrici 8vi emerserunt et in prioribus impressionibus relationum de terminis illorum Regum non exprimuntur in lucem editæ anno 44o illustrissimi regni serenissimæ Reginæ Elizabethæ.’ The work was reprinted in 1633 and 1688.
W. J. H-y.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Keith, Alexander (1791-1880)

​KEITH, ALEXANDER (1791–1880), writer on prophecy, born in the manse of Keith-Hall, Aberdeenshire, 30 Nov. 1791, was son of George Skene Keith [q. v.] He was educated at the Marischal College and ​university of Aberdeen from 1805 to 1809, where he graduated B.A. on 1 April 1809, and proceeded D.D. in 1833. He was licensed by the presbytery of Garioch on 17 March 1813, presented by the prince regent to St. Cyrus, Kincardineshire, in July, and ordained 27 Aug. 1816; this appointment he resigned through illness in 1840. In 1839, being sent by the church of Scotland as member of a commission of inquiry into the state of the Jews, he visited Palestine and Eastern Europe. In 1844, accompanied by his son, Dr. George Skene Keith, he revisited Palestine, and was the first to take daguerrotype views of notable places in the Holy Land. He joined the free church secession in Scotland, and his name was removed from the roll of the ministers of the established church on 20 June 1843. At an early age he obtained wide distinction as an author. His first important book, ‘Evidence of the Truth of the Christian Religion from the Fulfilment of Prophecy,’ appeared in 1828. It soon took its place as a standard treatise on the evidences of Christianity, passed through a large number of editions, and was translated into numerous foreign languages. ‘It is recognised,’ Dr. Chalmers said, ‘in our halls of theology as holding a high place in sacred literature, and it is found in almost every home and known as a household word throughout the land.’ At subsequent periods Dr. Keith published various works on prophetical subjects, the most popular of which were ‘The Signs of the Times, illustrated by the Fulfilment of Historical Predictions,’ 1832, and ‘The Harmony of Prophecy,’ being a comparison of the Book of Revelation with the prophecies of Scripture (1851). The moderatorship of the free church of Scotland was repeatedly offered to Keith, but he declined it on account of his infirm health. He died at Aberdeen House, 56 West Street, Buxton, where he had resided for some years, on 8 Feb. 1880, and was buried at Chinley, Chapel-en-le-Frith, Derbyshire, on 12 Feb. He married, 10 Dec. 1816, Jane, eldest daughter of John Blaikie, plumber, Aberdeen; she died in February 1837, leaving three sons: Alexander, who was his father's assistant at St. Cyrus, and his successor 1840–3, George Skene, and Thomas, who were both well-known physicians in Edinburgh.
The chief works by Keith, other than those noticed, were: 1. ‘Sketch of the Evidence from Prophecy,’ 1823. 2. ‘Demonstration of the Truth of the Christian Religion,’ 1838. 3. ‘The Land of Israel according to the Covenant with Abraham, with Isaac, and with Jacob,’ 1843. 4. ‘Examination of Elliott's “First Six Seals,”’ 1847. 5. ‘The History and Destiny of the World and of the Church according to Scripture,’ 1861. Among the authors who discussed in print the merits of Keith's works on prophecy were John Brewster, D.D., E. B. Elliott, R. Govett, and C. Housman.
G. C. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/M'Avoy, Margaret

​M'AVOY, MARGARET (1800–1820), blind lady, was born at Liverpool of respectable parentage 28 June 1800. Of sickly constitution, she became totally blind in June 1816. Her case attracted considerable attention from the readiness with which she was alleged to distinguish by touch colours of cloth, silk, and stained glass; accurately to describe, too, the height, dress, bearing, and other characteristics of her visitors; and even to decipher letters in a printed book or manuscript with her fingers' ends, so as to be able to read with tolerable facility. But these pretensions proved impostures (cf. Roscoe, Life of W. Roscoe, ii. 169–73). Her needlework was remarkable for its extreme neatness. Within a few days of her death she wrote a letter to her executor. She died at Liverpool on 18 Aug. 1820.
[Smeeton's Biographia Curiosa (with portrait); European Mag. 1820, pt. ii. 183; The Quiz, Liverpool, Jan. 1818; Brit. Mus. Cat.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/M'Cabe, Edward

​M'CABE, EDWARD (1816–1885), cardinal, and Roman catholic archbishop of Dublin, born at Dublin in 1816, was the son of poor parents. He was educated at a small local school and afterwards at Father Doyle's school on the quays. Passing through Maynooth he was ordained in 1839, was for some time curate at Clontarf, and thence transferred to the cathedral parish of Dublin. Dr. Murray and his successor in the archbishopric, Paul Cullen [q. v.], recognised his organising talent; he became a canon, and in 1854 refused a nomination to the bishopric of Graham's Town, South Africa. In 1856 he became, by Cullen's appointment, parish priest of St. Nicholas Without, where he built a new church and schools, and was also vicar-general of the diocese. His health gave way under the strain of his work, and in 1865 he was removed to the parish of Kingstown. Here he built a new church (at Monkswell) and opened a local hospital. In 1872 he drew up the address of the catholics of the diocese of Dublin in answer to the remarks of William Nicholas Keogh [q. v.], the judge, in the celebrated Galway election question. Cardinal Cullen becoming infirm, M'Cabe was on 25 July 1877 consecrated bishop of Gadara in partibus as his assistant, and after Cullen's death M'Cabe was on 23 March 1879 approved by the pope as archbishop of Dublin. He at once issued a circular calling attention to the position of Irish Roman catholics with regard to university education (Times, 1 April 1879). He was enthroned on 4 May (ib. 5 May 1879). On 12 March 1882 he was created a cardinal. M'Cabe had lived all his life in a town and had little sympathy with the Land League. In his charges he continually denounced agrarian outrage, and strongly disapproved the ‘no rent’ manifesto (cf. his charge of 12 March 1882). His life was once threatened, and he was unpopular with certain of the Irish leaders. He was supported, however, by the pope and carried on Cullen's policy. He was a member of the senate of the Royal University of Ireland, and served in 1881 on the Mansion House committee in Dublin for the relief of the prevalent distress. He died at his house in Eblana Avenue, Kingstown, on 11 Feb. 1885, and was buried at Glasnevin.
[Times, 12 and 18 Feb. 1885; Freeman's Journal, 11 Feb. 1885; anonymous notice published in 1879.]
W. A. J. A.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/M'Cabe, William Putnam

​M'CABE, WILLIAM PUTNAM (1776?–1821), United Irishman, was the son of Thomas M'Cabe, watchmaker and cotton manufacturer, of Belfast, commonly known as ‘the Irish slave,’ because, his shop being pillaged by the soldiery in March 1793, on account of his sympathy with the French revolution, he appended the words ‘an Irish slave’ to his name on his signboard. Born at Vicinage, near Belfast, m'Cabe was named Putnam after an American general, a distant kinsman. After a wild boyhood he was sent to Manchester to be trained for a manufacturer. On returning home, his father having become intimate with Tone, he joined the United Irishmen, went about the country as an organiser, was one of Lord Edward Fitzgerald's bodyguard in Dublin, and was once arrested, but pretending to be a Scottish weaver, was released. He joined the French invaders under Humbert, on whose capitulation he escaped to Wales. He afterwards went to Edinburgh, where he studied mechanics and chemistry, and in 1801 married at Glasgow Elizabeth, widow of Captain M'Neil, and sister of Sir A. M. Lockhart of Lee. Assuming the pseudonym of Lee, for his name had been inserted in the Irish Banishment Act, he made his way to France, and in 1803 started a cotton mill at Hulme, near Rouen. Napoleon encouraged this enterprise by visiting the mill and giving him four thousand francs. About 1806 M'Cabe sold the concern to Waddington, and invested 4,750l. of the proceeds in a mortgage on Arthur O'Connor's Irish estates. He paid repeated visits to England and Ireland on private or political business, and is said to have had hair-breadth escapes from arrest. In 1814, however, he was apprehended at Dublin and was sent on to London, but a letter to Sir Robert Peel, in which he dwelt on his shattered health, and protested that his sole purpose was to recover property for the sake of his daughter, led to his release on condition of never returning. M'Cabe was shipped to Portugal, but was soon back again in London. He was again arrested at Belfast in 1817, and at Glasgow in 1819. The impunity or lenity he enjoyed excited the distrust of some of the Irish refugees in Paris, who believed him to be in the pay of the English government. His remaining energies were devoted to prolonged litigation both in the French and Irish courts with O'Connor, who was eventually ordered to refund 135,000 francs. A widower since 1806, m'Cabe died in Paris 6 Jan. 1821, leaving to his daughter about 7,000l. He had been throughout life a protestant, but is said to have died a catholic.
[Madden's United Irishmen, 3rd ser. i. 296, Dublin, 1846; Diary of Lord Colchester, London, 1861; Memoirs of Miles Byrne, Paris, 1863.]
J. G. A.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lyzarde, Nicholas

Nicholas Lyzard in the ODNB.
​LYZARDE, NICHOLAS (d. 1571), sergeant-painter, served as painter to the court in the time of Henry VIII, and as second painter under Anthony Toto [q. v.] to Edward VI and Mary. By the latter he was appointed sergeant-painter, with a fee of 10l. a year levied on the customs. In 1556 he presented the queen on New-year's day with ‘a table painted with a maundy.’ He was continued in his place by Elizabeth, and in 1558 presented her on New-year's day ‘a table painted of the history of Ashuerus,’ receiving a gilt cruse in return. Lyzarde died in April 1571, and was buried on 5 April in the church of St. Martin's-in-the-Fields, London. In his will, dated 14 Feb. 1570–1 (P.C.C. Holney, 18), he mentions five sons and four daughters, and also his wife Margaret.
[Walpole's Anecd. of Painting; Archæologia, xxxix. 44.]
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Löbel, Hirsch

​LÖBEL, HIRSCH (1721–1800), chief rabbi. [See Lyon, Hart.]