OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Pasley, Thomas Sabine

​PASLEY, Sir THOMAS SABINE (1804–1884), admiral, born 26 Dec. 1804, was the only son of Major John Sabine of the grenadier guards, brother of Sir Edward Sabine [q. v.] and of Maria, eldest daughter of Admiral Sir Thomas Pasley [q. v.] On the latter's death, 29 Nov. 1808, he succeeded to the baronetcy, and in the following year assumed the surname and arms of Pasley. He entered the Royal Naval College in August 1817, and in December 1818 joined the Rochefort of 80 guns going out to the Mediterranean as flagship of Sir Thomas Francis Fremantle [q. v.] and afterwards of Sir Graham Moore [q. v.] In October 1823 he joined the Redpole brig, and a few months later the Arachne. On 16 March 1824 he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant, and in April was appointed to the Tweed, going out to the Brazilian station. He afterwards served in the West Indies, and in the Mediterranean as flag-lieutenant to Sir Pulteney Malcolm [q. v.] On 17 Sept. 1828 he was promoted to the rank of commander; and having commanded the Cameleon and Procris brigs, and (as acting-captain) the Rattlesnake and the Blonde frigates, was confirmed as a captain on 24 May 1831. From February 1843 to January 1846 he commanded the Curaçoa on the Brazilian station; from 1849 to 1854 was superintendent of Pembroke Dockyard; from November 1854 till 31 Jan. 1856, when he was promoted to be rear-admiral, he commanded the Agamemnon, flagship of Sir Edmund Lyons [q. v.] in the Black Sea. From December 1857 to December 1862 he was superintendent of Devonport Dockyard; was promoted to be vice-admiral on 23 March 1863, and admiral on 20 November 1866. From 1866 to 1869 he was commander-in-chief at Portsmouth; and on 24 May 1873 ​was nominated a K.C.B. He died on 13 Feb. 1884, at his residence at Botley, Hampshire. He married, in 1826, Jane Matilda Lily, eldest daughter of the Rev. Montagu John Wynyard, by whom he had a large family. His eldest son predeceased him in 1870; he was succeeded in the baronetcy by his grandson, Thomas Edward Sabine Pasley.
J. K. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Shirwood, Robert

​SHIRWOOD, ROBERT (fl. 1520), hebraist, was born at Coventry in Warwickshire. He entered the university of Oxford, where he acquired a knowledge of logic, but was chiefly known as a profound scholar in Hebrew and Greek. No confirmation of the statement that he obtained the degree of D.D. there can be found in the register. He possessed a considerable reputation abroad, and visited several foreign universities, among others that of Louvain, where, in 1519, he filled for a month the place of the Hebrew lecturer, Robert Wakefield [q. v.], who had temporarily vacated his post. While he was abroad Shirwood wrote an exegetical work, entitled ‘Ecclesiastes Latine ad veritatem Hebraicam recognitus, cum nonnullis annotationibus Chaldaicis et quorumdam Rabbinorum sententiis,’ Antwerp, 1523, 4to, which he dedicated to John Webbe, prior of the monastery of the Benedictines in Coventry. He also published several sermons.
[Wood's Athenæ Oxon. i. 58; Bale's Scriptores Britanniæ, cent. 11, p. 73; Pits, De Reb. Angl. p. 706; Dodd's Church Hist. i. 213; Andreas's Fasti Academici Lovaniensis, 1650, p. 284; Dublin Review, 1896, ii. 140.]
E. I. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Shoberl, Frederic

​SHOBERL, FREDERIC (1775–1853), author, was born in London in 1775, and educated at the Moravian school at Fulneck, near Leeds. Having settled in London, he became, with Henry Colburn [q. v.], the originator and co-proprietor of the ‘New Monthly Magazine,’ which began on 1 Feb. 1814. For some time he acted as editor, and contributed original articles and reviews. He was long associated with Rudolph Ackermann [q. v.], whose ‘Repository of Arts’ he edited from the third to the seventy-second number (March 1809 to December 1828). He conducted Ackermann's English annual, ‘The Forget-me-not,’ from its first issue in November 1822 till its twelfth in 1834. He also edited Ackermann's ‘Juvenile Forget-me-not’ from 1828 to 1832 (five volumes). From 27 June 1818 to 27 Nov. 1819 he was printer and publisher of the ‘Cornwall Gazette, Falmouth Packet, and Plymouth Journal,’ a conservative paper issued at Truro. He died at Thistle Grove, Brompton, London, on 5 March 1853, and was buried in Kensal Green cemetery on 12 March. By his wife Theodosia, who died on 18 Dec. 1838, he had two sons: William, who was first an assistant to H. Colburn, and then a publisher at 20 Great Marlborough Street; and Frederic, who was printer to Prince Albert, at 51 Rupert Street, and died on 22 March 1852, aged 48.
The best known of his original works were:
* ‘A History of the University of Oxford,’ 1814.
* ‘Narrative of Events which occurred in and near Leipzig before, during, and subsequently to the Engagements in 1813 and 1814;’ 10th edit. 1814.
* ‘A History of the University of Cambridge,’ 1815.
* ‘An Historical Account of the House of Saxony,’ 1816.
* ‘Picturesque Tour from Genoa to Milan,’ 1820.
* ‘Present State of Christianity and of Missionary Establishments,’ 1828, founded on a work by J. H. D. Zschokke.
* ‘Natural History of Quadrupeds,’ 1834.
* ‘The Public Building of Westminster described,’ 1835; 2nd edit. 1838.
* ‘Prince Albert and the House of Saxony,’ 1840.
* ‘Persecutions of Popery,’ 2 vols. 1844.
With J. Nightingale and others he continued Brayley and Britton's ‘Beauties of England and Wales,’ and he compiled vol. xiv., containing Suffolk, Surrey, and Sussex, 1813. With M. Retzsch he brought out ‘Gallerie zu Shakespeare's dramatischen Werken,’ 1828. He edited ‘The World in Miniature,’ 1827, 43 vols., and ‘Excursions in Normandy,’ 2 vols. 1841, and executed a large number of translations from, among others, Klopstock, Kotzebue, Alfred de Vigny, Thiers (the French revolution), and Chateaubriand.
[Biogr. Dict. of Living Authors, 1816, p. 315; Gent. Mag. 1853 i. 446, May 1852 p. 532; Boase and Courtney's Bibl. Cornub. 1869–81, pp. 352, 646, 1229; Timperley's Cyclopædia of Literary Anecd. 1842, pp. 933, 954; Allibone's English Lit. 1871, ii. 2089; Athenæum, 12 March 1853, p. 324.]
G. C. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Short, Thomas (1635-1685)

​SHORT, THOMAS, M.D. (1635–1685), physician, son of the Rev. William Short, was born at Easton, Suffolk, in 1635. He was sent to the grammar school of Bury St. Edmunds, and thence to St. John's College, Cambridge, where he was admitted a sizar on 25 Feb. 1649–50, aged 14 (Mayor, Admissions, i. 94). He graduated B.A. in 1653, and was created M.D. by royal mandate on 26 June 1668. He settled in London and was admitted a candidate at the College of Physicians in December 1668, but was not elected a fellow till 26 July 1675. He had joined the church of Rome, and, in accordance with an order of the House of Lords for the ejection of Roman catholics, was summoned to attend a meeting of the College of Physicians on 14 April 1679. He did so, but the feeling of the college was against intolerant proceedings; a quorum was not present, and no steps were taken. He attained considerable practice, and Thomas Sydenham [q. v.], who had met him in consultation, found his ‘genius disposed for the practice of physick’ (Works, ed. Pechey, 1729, p. 339), and praises both his learning and sagacity. Sydenham prefixed to ‘A Treatise of the Gout and Dropsy’ a letter to Short in which occurs a famous passage on posthumous fame which Fielding quoted in ‘Tom Jones.’ Short died on 28 Sept. 1685, and is buried in St. James's Chapel, London. Bishop Burnet, who thought that Charles II died of poison, also believed that Short was poisoned by his co-religionists for asserting that the king was poisoned (Own Time, i. 609). Richard Lower (1631–1691) [q. v.] and Walter Needham [q. v.] seem to have been unable to resist an opportunity of imposing upon the whig historian's credulity.
[Munk's Coll. of Phys. i. 377; Burnet's History of his own Time, London, 1724; ‘A Pindarick elegy … on the universally lamented death of Dr. Short,’ 1685, fol.; Dodd's Church History, vol. iii.]
N. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Shirwood, William

​SHIRWOOD, WILLIAM (fl. 1260), schoolman, held the prebend of Ailesbury, Lincoln, in 1245, and was treasurer of that church in 1258 and 1267 (Le Neve, Fasti Eccl. Angl. ii. 88, 95). Roger Bacon, in the preface to his ‘Opus Tertium,’ challenges a comparison between his own writings and those of Albertus Magnus and Shirwood, to whom he refers as the most celebrated of Christian scholars, describing Shirwood as even greater than Albert, and without equal in common philosophy (Opera Inedita, p. 14, Rolls Ser.). Shirwood, who was presumably an Oxford scholar, is credited with:
* ‘Super Sententias,’ which Leland saw in the Dominican Library at Exeter.
* ‘Distinctiones Theologicæ.’
* ‘Conciones.’ ​Leland confuses Shirwood with William, archdeacon of Durham, whose benefactions were the beginning of University College, Oxford.
[Leland's Comment. de Scriptt. Brit.; Tanner's Bibl. Brit.-Hib. pp. 668–9; other authorities quoted.]
C. L. K.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Shore, Louisa Catherine

Contains subarticle Thomas Shore (1793–1863).
​SHORE, LOUISA CATHERINE (1824–1895), poetess and miscellaneous writer, born at Potton, Bedfordshire, in February 1824, was the youngest of the three daughters of Thomas Shore (1793–1863), whose wife, Margaret Anne, was daughter of the Rev. R. Twopeny. He was himself son of the Rev. T. W. Shore of Otterton, Devonshire, and nephew of John Shore, first lord Teignmouth [q. v.]; while his mother, Juliana Praed, was aunt of Winthrop Mackworth Praed [q. v.] After a short career as a schoolmaster at Bury St. Edmunds, and a sojourn at Potton, Bedfordshire, he settled at Everton, where he received private pupils, some of whom attained distinction in after life—notably, Charles John, earl Canning [q. v.], George Francis Robert, third lord Harris [q. v.], and Granville George Leveson-Gower, second earl Granville [q. v.] He also served as curate in the neighbouring parish of Cockayne Hatley. He was the author of many classical and theological works, but, holding somewhat advanced views on religion, declined preferment in the church. In 1863 he published ‘The Churchman and the Freethinker, or a Friendly Address to the Orthodox,’ a pamphlet which attracted notice.
His three daughters were all endowed with great literary gifts and enthusiasm for learning. The eldest, Margaret Emily Shore (1819–1839), born at Bury St. Edmunds on Christmas day 1819, wrote much poetry and fiction as well as treatises on ancient and natural history, but died of consumption at Madeira on 7 July 1839, before completing her twentieth year. A selection from her ‘Journal,’ published by her sisters in 1891, gives a lively and fascinating account of her life and studies.
Louisa Shore was associated with her sister Arabella (who survives) in many literary productions. The two sisters produced in 1855 a volume of poems entitled ‘War Lyrics;’ ‘Gemma of the Isles, a Lyrical Poem,’ in 1859; ‘Fra Dolcino, and other Poems,’ in 1871; and ‘Elegies and Memorials,’ in 1890. The principal poems in these volumes were the work of Louisa, notably a fine elegy in the last volume on the death of their sister Margaret Emily and on the more recent loss of their brother, Mackworth Charles Shore, at sea in 1860. She published separately in 1861 ‘Hannibal: a Poem in two parts.’ A selection of her unpublished poems was edited, after her death, by her sister in 1896, with an appreciative notice by Mr. Frederic Harrison, and a reissue of some of her dramas and poems appeared in 1897. All her work was vigorous and of lofty purpose. She and her sister were early and enthusiastic advocates of the cause of women. An article by Miss Shore in the ‘Westminster Review’ for April 1874, printed soon after as a pamphlet (and since reprinted), contains the gist of the whole subsequent movement in this direction at a time when it was imperfectly understood. Miss Shore resided for ​the latter part of her life with her sister Arabella at Orchard Poyle, near Taplow, Buckinghamshire. She died at Wimbledon in May 1895, and was cremated in Brookwood cemetery at Woking.
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Home, Alexander (d.1456)

​HOME or HUME, Sir ALEXANDER (d. 1456), of Home, warden of the marches, was the eldest son of Sir Alexander Home of Dunglass, by Jean, daughter of Sir William Hay of Locharret. His father was killed at the battle of Verneuil on 17 Aug. 1424. The family were relatives and feudatories of the earls of Dunbar and March, but on the forfeiture of that family in 1435 became manorial tenants of the crown. They then succeeded in some degree to the position previously held by their chiefs, and gradually they acquired an authority and influence greater than that formerly wielded by them. Sir Alexander had a charter of part of the barony of Home or Hume, 4 Sept. 1439; of the office of balliary of Coldingham in 1442; of the lands of Lamben in Berwickshire, and the office of sheriff depute of the county of Berwick ​for life from John Halyburton, 3 Jan. 1447-8. In 1449 he was one of the guarantors of a treaty with England, and warden of the marches (Rymer, Fœdera, xi. 253). On 9 Nov. 1450 he had a safe-conduct abroad with William, eighth earl of Douglas [q. v.], when the latter paid a visit to Rome (Cal. Documents relating to Scotl. iv. Entry 1229), and on 23 April of the following year he had another safe-conduct for a year with the earl (ib. 1232). On 20 June of this latter year Home founded the collegiate church of Dunglass, for a provost and several prebendaries, and endowed it with lands in Chirnside, the charter being confirmed by the king on 22 Aug. (Reg. Mag. Sig. Scotl. i. entry 389). He was one of the envoys sent by the Scottish king, 27 July of the same year, to treat for a truce with England (Cal. Documents relating to Scotl. iv. 1235), and on 14 Aug. concluded a truce for three years (ib. 1239). On the threatened invasion of Scotland in 1453 by Percy, earl of Northumberland, accompanied by James, ninth earl of Douglas, Home was provided with victuals and shafts of lances for the defence of the house of Home at a cost of 20l. (Exchequer Rolls of Scotland, iv. 607). He died in 1456. By his wife Mariota, daughter of Sir Robert Lauder of Bass, he had five sons, of whom the eldest, Alexander (d. 1491) [q. v.], succeeded him.
[Exchequer Rolls of Scotl.; Cal. of Documents relating to Scotl. vol. iv.; Reg, Mag, Sig. Scotl. vol. 1.; Rymer’s Fœdera; Douglas’s Scottish Peerage (Wood), i. 732]
T. F. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Holyoake, Henry

​HOLYOAKE, HENRY (1657–1731), head-master of Rugby School, born probably in Warwickshire in 1657, was the son of Thomas Holyoake [see under Holyoake, Francis] and Anne his wife. He was elected to a choristership at Magdalen College, Oxford, which he resigned in 1676, having matriculated from that college on 12 March 1674. He became clerk and sub-librarian in 1676, appointments which he held until 1681. On 22 Oct. 1678 he graduated B.A., proceeded M.A. on 4 July 1681, and was chaplain of his college from 1681 until 1690. (Bloxam, Reg. of Magd. Coll. i. 95-6). In 1687 he was elected head-master of Rugby School. Despite the smallness of his salary and other disadvantages, he raised the school from insignificance, and was the first to engage an assistant-master. He seems, however, to have unfortunately misunderstood the character of one of his best-known pupils, Edward Cave [q. v.], whom he treated with undeserved severity, and eventually drove from the school (Nichols, Lit. Anecd. v.2). Cave, however, inserted in the ‘Gentleman’s Magazine’ (i. 124) a sympathetic notice of his death. Holyoake was instituted to the rectory of Bourton-upon-Dunsmore on 30 June 1698, to that of Bilton on 31 Aug. 1705 (Bloxam, ii. 77), and to that of Harborough Magna, all in Warwickshire, on 9 Nov. 1712. In 1700 he gave 20l. for the use of Magdalen College Library. He died unmarried at Rugby on 10 March 1730–1731, and was buried in St. Mary’s Church, Warwick, where may be seen a quaint Latin inscription written by himself, which he directed to be engraved to his own memory as well as to that of his father and grandfather.
Holyoake’s establishment at Rugby was under the domestic management of his cousin Judith Holyoake, to whom he left a legacy on the express ground of her having been ‘very serviceable and seemingly kind’ to the boys. He bequeathed 30l. to the daughter of Widow Harris, ‘his tripe-woman;’ the interest of 200l. to the poor of Rugby after the death of his cousin, Elizabeth Holyoake; and all his books (since sold), together with the portraits of his father and grandfather (since lost), to Rugby School.
[Colvile’s Worthies of Warwickshire, pp. 428-30.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Home

​HOME. [See also Hume.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Holywood, Christopher

​HOLYWOOD, CHRISTOPHER (1562–1616), jesuit, was born in 1562 at Artane, near Dublin, where his family were landowners. In 1582 he became a member of the Society of Jesuits at Dôle in France, and was subsequently professor of divinity and philosophy there and at Padua. Holywood was in 1599 appointed to the mission of the jesuits in Ireland. Disguised as a merchant, he sailed for England, but was arrested on landing at Dover. He declined to take the oath of supremacy; was examined before, Cecil, secretary of state; and was detained in custody at London, and afterwards at Wisbech and Framlingham, where he occupied himself with literary work. On his liberation Holywood returned to the continent. After some time passed at Douay, Amiens, Rouen, and St. Malo, he returned to Ireland on 16 March 1604. As a superior of the jesuits’ mission in Ireland, he laboured zealously amidst difficulties and perils, some of which he describes in letters, still extant, addressed to the general of jesuits. James I, in his speech to the agents from Ireland at Whitehall in April 1614, denounced Holywood for his efforts to induce the Irish catholics to send their children to the continent for education. Holywood died on 4 Sept. 1616. His name has been latinised Holiuudius, but he appears himself to have used the equivalent ‘a sacro bosco.’
His works—replies to Dr. William Whitaker and other protestant controversialists—are entitled:
* ‘Defensio decreti Tridentini et sententiæ Roberti Bellarmini, S. R. E. cardinalis, de authoritate Vulgatæ editionis Latinæ, adversus sectarios, maxime Whitakerum. In qua etiam fuse admodum refutatur error sectariorum de Scripturæ interprete et judice controversiarum. Authore Christophoro a Sacrobosco, Dubliniensi Societatis Jesu, olim sacræ theologiæ in alma academia Dolana professore.’
* ‘De investiganda vera ac visibili Christi ecclesia libellus.’ Both works were published in 8vo at Antwerp in 1604, and the first was reissued in 1619 with additions by the author. ​
[Historiæ Catholicæ Iberniæ Compendium, 1621; Bibliotheca Scriptorum Soc. Jesu, Rome, 1675; Collections towards Biog. of Jesuits, 1838; Bibliothèque des écrivains de la compagnie de Jesus, 1858; Calendar of State Papers, Ireland, 1874; Ibernia Ignatiana, 1880; Foley’s Records of English Province, vii. 1882]
J. T. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Martin, John (1791-1855)

​MARTIN, JOHN (1791–1855), bibliographer, born on 16 Sept. 1791, was son of John Martin of 112 Mount Street, Grosvenor Square, London. After assisting Hatchard, the bookseller of Piccadilly, he commenced business on his own account in Holles Street, Cavendish Square, but soon afterwards entered into partnership with Mr. Rodwell in Bond Street. He retired from business in 1826, but continued his bibliographical pursuits. He edited Gray's ‘Bard,’ 8vo, 1837, and Gray's ‘Elegy,’ 8vo, 1839 and 1854, with illustrations from drawings by the Hon. Mrs. John Talbot, and the ‘Seven Ages of Shakspeare,’ 4to, 1840; 8vo, 1848, illustrated with wood engravings. The production of these and numerous other illustrated books was the means of introducing him to the leading artists of the day. For many years, until 1845, he acted as secretary to the Artists' Benevolent Fund. In 1836 he was appointed librarian to the Duke of Bedford at Woburn Abbey, and fixed his residence at Froxfield, in the parish of Eversholt, near Woburn. During his sojourn there he visited nearly every church in Bedfordshire, and wrote a description of each in a series of papers which appeared in the ‘Bedford Times’ and ‘Northampton ​Mercury.’ Martin died on 30 Dec. 1855 at Froxfield, and was buried in Eversholt churchyard. His wife died in 1836, and of six children three survived him. His eldest son, John Edward Martin, sub-librarian and afterwards librarian to the Inner Temple, died on 20 July 1893, aged 71 (Times, 26 July 1893).
In 1834 Martin published, as the result of years of labour and research, a ‘Bibliographical Catalogue of Books privately printed,’ 2nd edit., 8vo, 1854. The first edition contains an account of private presses and book clubs which Martin did not insert in the second edition, but at the time of his death he was preparing a separate volume, which was to contain this portion of the first edition with additions. He wrote also a ‘History and Description of Woburn and its Abbey; a new edition,’ 12mo, Woburn, 1845. At the request of Lord John Russell he compiled an ‘Enquiry into the authority for a statement in Echard's History of England regarding William, lord Russell,’ which was printed for private circulation in 1852, and published in 1856. It refuted the assertion that Lord Russell interfered to prevent the mitigation of the barbarous part of the punishment for high treason in the case of Viscount Stafford, upon the presentation of the petition of Sheriffs Bethel and Cornish to the House of Commons on 23 Dec. 1680. Martin likewise furnished some notes to Lord John Russell's edition of Rachel lady Russell's ‘Letters,’ 1853; and in 1855 he published a translation of Guizot's essay on the ‘Married Life of Rachel, Lady Russell.’ He left unfinished an edition of the ‘Letters of the Earl of Chatham to his Nephew.’ He was both F.S.A. and F.L.S.
[Gent. Mag. 1834 i. 62–4, 1856 pt. i. 317; Brit. Mus. Cat.; Allibone's Dict. of Engl. Lit.]
G. G.