# Mexico, Aztec, Spanish and Republican/Volume 1/Table of Contents

Volume 2 Table of contents
CONTENTS.
BOOK I.
CHAPTER 1. — Discoveries of Cordova and Grijalva — Cortéz appointed by Velasquez — Biographical notice of Cortéz — Cortéz Captain General of the Armada — Equipment of the Expedition — Quarrel of Velasquez — Firmness of Cortéz — Expedition departs under Cortéz,13}}
CHAPTER 2. — Olmeda preaches to the Indians — Aguilar and Mariana — interpreters — Cortéz lands — interview with the Aztecs — Diplomacy — Montezuma's presents — Montezuma refuses to receive Cortéz,22
CHAPTER 3. — Cortéz founds La Villa Rica de la Vera Cruz — Fleet destroyed — March to Mexico — Conquest of Tlascala — Cholula — Slaughter in Cholula — Valley of Mexico — Cortéz enters the Valley — Gigantic Causeway — Lake of Tezcoco — Reception by Montezuma — Spaniards enter the capital,38
CHAPTER 4. — Description of the City of Tenochtitlan — Montezuma's way of life — Market-place — Cortéz at the Great Temple — Description of it — Place of Sacrifice — Sanctuaries — Huitzilopotchtli — Tezcatlipoca — Danger of Cortéz — Montezuma seized — Montezuma a prisoner — his submissiveness — Arrival of Narvaez — Cortéz’s diplomacy — Cortéz overcomes Narvaez, and recruits his forces,35
CHAPTER 5. — Cortéz returns to the Capital — Causes of the revolt against the Spaniards — Cortéz condemns Alvarado — his conduct to Montezuma — Battle in the city — Montezuma mediates — Fight on the Great Temple or Teocalli — Retreat of the Spaniards — Noche Triste — Flight of the Spaniards to Tacuba,44
CHAPTER 6. — Retreat to Otumba — Cortéz is encountered by a new army of Aztecs and auxiliaries — Victory of the Spaniards at Otumba — Proposed re-alliance of Aztecs and Tlascalans — Forays of Cortéz — reduction of the eastern regions — Cortéz proposes the re-conquest — sends off the disaffected — Cortéz settles the Tlascalan succession, 50
CHAPTER 7. — Death of Cuitlahua — he is succeeded by Guatemozin — Aztecs learn the proposed re-conquest — Cortéz's forces for this enterprise — Cortéz at Tezcoco — his plans and acts — Military expeditions of Cortéz in the Valley — Operations at Chalco and Cuernavaca — Xochimilco — return to Tacuba — Cortéz returns to Tezcoco and is reinforced,56
CHAPTER 8. — Cortéz returns — conspiracy among his men detected — Execution of Villafaña — Brigantines launched — Xicotencatl's treason and execution — Disposition of forces to attack the city — Siege and assaults on the city — Fight and reverses of the Spaniards — Sacrifice of captives — Flight of allies — Contest renewed — Starvation,63
CHAPTER 8. — Aztec prediction — it is not verified — Cortéz reinforced by fresh arrivals — Famine in the city — Cortéz levels the city to its foundation — Condition of the capital — Attack renewed — Capture of Guatemozin — Surrender of the city — Frightful condition of the city,70
CHAPTER 9. — Duty of a historian — Motives of the Conquests — Character and deeds of Cortéz — Materials of the Conquest — Adventurers — Priests — Indian allies — Historical aspects of the Conquest,75
​CHAPTER 11. — Discontent at not finding gold — Torture of Guatemozin — Results of the fall of the capital — Mission from Michoacan — Rebuilding of the capital — Letters to the King — Intrigues against Coréz — Fonseca — Narvaez — Tapia — Charles V. protects Cortéz and confirms his acts,80
CHAPTER 12. — Cortéz commissioned by the Emperor — Velasques — his death — Mexico rebuilt — Immigration — Repartimientos of Indians — Honduras — Guatemozin — Mariana — Cortéz accused — ordered to Spain for trial — his reception, honors and titles — he marries — his return to Mexico — resides at Tezcoco — Expeditions of Cortéz — California — Quivara — returns to Spain — death — Where are his bones? 84
CHAPTER 13. — Archbishop Zumarraga's destruction of Mexican monuments, writings, documents — Mr. Gallatin's opinion of them — Traditions — two sources of accurate knowledge — Speculations on antiquity — Aztecs — Toltecs — Nahuatlacs — Acolhuans, &c. — Aztecs emigrate from Aztlan — settle in Anahuac — Tables of emigration of the original tribes — Other tribes in the empire,92
CHAPTER 14. — Difficulty of estimating the civilization of the Aztecs — Nations in Yucatan — Value of contemporary history — The Aztec monarchy — elective — Royal style in Tenochtitlan — Montezuma's way of life — Despotic power of the Emperor over life and law — Theft — intemperance — marriage — slavery — war — Military system and hospitals — Coin — Revenues — Aztec mythology — Image of Teoyaomiqui — Teocalli — Two kinds of sacrifice — Why the Aztecs sacrificed their prisoners — Common Sacrifice — Gladitorial Sacrifice — Sacrificial Stone — Aztec Calendar — week, month, year, cycle — Procession of the New Fire — Astronomical Science — Aztec Calendar — Tables,99
BOOK II.
CHAPTER 1. — Colonial system — Early grants of power to rulers in Mexico by the Emperor Charles V . — Abuse of it — Council of the Indies — Laws — Royal audiences — Cabildos — Fueros — Relative positions of Spaniards and Creoles — Scheme of Spanish colonial trade — Restrictions on trade — Alcabala — Taxes — Papal Bulls — Bulls de Cruzada — de Defuntos — of Composition — Power of the Church — its property — Inquisition — The acts of the Inquisition — Repartimientos — Indians — Agriculturists — Miners — Mita — Excuses for maladministration,127
CHAPTER 2. — Founding of the Viceroyalty of New Spain — New Audiencia — Fuenleal — Mendoza — Early acts of the first Viceroy — Coinage — Rebellion in Jalisco — Viceroy suppresses it — Council of the Indies on Repartimientos — Indian Servitude — Quivara — Expeditions of Coronado and Alarcon — Pest in 1546 — Revolution — Council of Bishops — Mines — Zapotecs revolt — Mendoza removed to Peru,139
CHAPTER 3. — Velasco endeavors to ameliorate the condition of the Indians — University of Mexico established — Inundation — Military colonization — Philip II — Florida — Intrigues against Velasco — Philipine Isles — Death of Velasco — Marques de Falces — Baptism of the grand-children of Cortéz — Conspiracy against the Marques del Valle — his arrest — execution of his friends — Marques de Falces — charges against him — his fall — Errors of Philip II. — Fall of Muñoz and his return — Vindication of the Viceroy,148
CHAPTER 4. — Almanza Viceroy — Chichimecas revolt — Jesuits — Inquisition — Pestilence — No Indian tribute exacted — Almanza departs — Xuares Viceroy — Weak Administration — Increase of commerce — Pedro Moya de Contreras Viceroy — Reforms under a new Viceroy — His power as Viceroy and Inquisitor — Zuñiga Viceroy — Treasure — Piracy — Cavendish — Drake captures a galeon — Zuñiga and the Audiencia of Guadalajara — His deposition from power,160}}
​CHAPTER 5. — Luis de Velasco II. becomes Viceroy — Delight of the Mexicans — Factories reopened — Chichimecas — Colonization — Alameda — Indians taxed for European wars — Composition — Fowls — Acebedo Viceroy — Expedition to New Mexico — Indian ameliorations — Death of Philip II. — New scheme of hiring Indians — California — Montesclaros Viceroy — Inundation — Albarrada,170
CHAPTER 6. — Second administration of Don Luis Velasco — His great work for the Drainage of the Valley — Lakes in the Valley — Danger of Inundation — History of the Desague of Huehuetoca — Operations of the engineers Martinez and Boot — The Franciscans — Completion of the Desague — La Obra del Consulado — Negro revolt — Extension of Oriental trade — Guerra Viceroy — De Cordova Viceroy — Indian revolt — Cordova founded,178
CHAPTER 7. — Marques de Gelves Viceroy — his reforms — Narrative of Father Gage — Gelves forestalls the market — The Archbishop excommunicates Mexia, his agent — Quarrel between Gelves and the Archbishop — Viceroy excommunicated — Archbishop at Guadalupe — he is arrested at the altar — sent to Spain — Mexia threatened — Mob attacks the Palace — it is sacked — Viceroy escapes — Retribution,187
CHAPTER 8. — The Audiencia rules in the interregnum — Carillo Visitador — Inquisitorial examination — Acapulco taken — Attacks by the Dutch — Removal of the Capital proposed — Armendariz Viceroy — Escalona Viceroy — Palafox's conduct to the Viceroy — Palafox Viceroy — His good and evil,195
CHAPTER 9. — Sotomayor Viceroy — Escalona vindicated — Monastic property — Bigotry of Palafox — Guzman Viceroy — Indian insurrection — Revolt of the Tarahumares — Success of the Indians — Indian wars — Duke de Alburquerque Viceroy — Attempt to assassinate him — Count de Baños Viceroy — Attempt to colonize — Escobar y Llamas and De Toledo Viceroys — Depredations of British cruisers — Nuño de Portugal Viceroy,201
CHAPTER 10. — Rivera Viceroy — La Cerda Viceroy — Revolt in New Mexico — Success of the Indians — Colony destroyed — Efforts of the Spaniards to re-conquer — Vera Cruz sacked — Count Monclova Viceroy — Count Galve Viceroy — Tarrahumaric revolt — Indians pacified — Texas — Hispaniola attacked — Insurrection — Burning of the Palace — Famine — Earthquake,212
CHAPTER 11. — Montañez Viceroy — Spiritual Conquest of California — Valladares Viceroy — Fair at Acapulco — Spanish monarchy — Austria — Bourbon — Montañez Viceroy — Jesuits in California — La Cueva Viceroy — Duke de Linares Viceroy — British slavery treaty — Colonization — Nuevo Leon — Texas — Operations in Texas — Alarcon — Aguayo — Casa-Fuerte's virtuous administration — Louis I. — Oriental trade — Spanish jealousy — The King's opinion of Casa-Fuerte — his acts,221
CHAPTER 12. — Vizarron and Eguiarreta Viceroy — Eventless government — Zalazar Viceroy — Colonial fears — Fuen-Clara Viceroy — Galeon lost — Mexico under Revilla-Gigedo I. — Ferdinand VI. — Indians — Taxes — Colonies in the north — Famine — Mines at Bolaños — Horcasitas — Character of Revilla-Gigedo — Villalon Viceroy — Charles III. — Cagigal Viceroy,232
CHAPTER 13. — Marques de Cruillas Viceroy — Charles III. proclaimed — Havana taken by the British — Military preparations — Peace — Pestilence — Galvez Visitador — Reforms — Tobacco monopoly — De Croix Viceroy — The Jesuits — their expulsion from Spanish dominions — their arrival in Europe — banished — Causes of this conduct to the order — Origin of the military character of Mexico,240
CHAPTER 14. — Bucareli y Ursua Viceroy — Progress of New Spain — Gold placers in Sonora — Mineral wealth at that period — Intellectual condition of the country — Line of Presidios — Mayorga Viceroy — Policy of Spain to England and her colonies — Operations on the Spanish Main, &c. — Matias Galvez Viceroy — his acts,248
​CHAPTER 15. — Bernardo de Galvez Viceroy — Chapultepec — Galvez dies — his daughter — Haro Viceroy — Corruption of Alcaldes — Flores Viceroy — his system of ruling the northern frontier — Mining interests — II. Revilla-Gigedo Viceroy — Charles IV. — Revilla-Gigedo's colonial improvements — his advice as to California Anecdotes of his police regulations — The street of Revilla-Gigedo — Arrest of fugitive lovers — Punishes the culprits,255
CHAPTER 16. — Branciforte Viceroy — his grasping and avaricious character — Corruption tolerated — Persecution of Frenchmen — Encampments — Branciforte 's character — Azanza Viceroy — Effect of European wars on colonial trade and manufactures — Threatened revolt — Marquina Viceroy — Revolt in Jalisco — Iturrigaray Viceroy — Godoy's corruption — War — Defences against the United States — Miranda — Humboldt — Mexico taxed for European wars — Ferdinand VII. — Napoleon in Spain — King Joseph Bonaparte — Iturrigaray arrested — Garibay Viceroy,267
BOOK III.
CHAPTER 1. — Lianza Viceroy — Audiencia — Venegas Viceroy — True sources of the Revolution — Creoles loyal to Ferdinand — Spaniards in favor of King Joseph — Mexican subscriptions for Spain — Secret union in Mexico against Spaniards — Hidalgo — Allende — First outbreak — Guanajuato sacked — Las Cruces — Mexico menaced — Indian bravery at Aculco — Marfil — Massacre at Guanajuato — Calleja — Insurgents defeated — Execution of Hidalgo,279
CHAPTER 2. — Venegas Viceroy — Rayon — Junta in 1811 — its willingness to receive Ferdinand VII. — Proclamation by the Junta — Morelos — Acapulco taken — Successes of the insurgents — Siege of Cuautla — Izucar — Orizaba — Oaxaca — Chilpanzingo — Calleja Viceroy — Iturbide — Reverses of insurgents — Morelos shot,287
CHAPTER 3. — Apodaca Viceroy — Spanish constitution of 1812 proclaimed in Mexico — Condition of the revolutionary party — Victoria — Mina lands at Soto la Marina — his efforts — Los Remedios — Guerrillas — he is shot — Padre Torres — Iturbide — Apodaca selects him to establish absolutism — Iturbide promulgates the Plan of Iguala — Army of the Three Guaranties,293
CHAPTER 4. — O'Donoju Viceroy — Conduct of Iturbide — Novella — Revolt — Treaty of Cordova — First Mexican Cortes — Iturbide Emperor — his career — exiled to Italy — Iturbide returns — arrest — execution — his character and services,301
CHAPTER 5. — Review of the condition of Mexico and the formation of parties — Viceroyal government — The people — The army — The church — Constitution of 1824 — Echavari revolts — Victoria President — Escocesses — Yorkinos — Revolts continued — Montayno — Guerrero — Gomez Pedraza President — is overthrown — Federalists — Centralists — Guerrero President — Abolition of Slavery in Mexico,307
CHAPTER 6. — Conspiracy against Guerrero by Bustamante — Guerrero betrayed and shot — Anecdote — Revolt under Santa Anna — he restores Pedraza and becomes President — Gomez Farias deposed — Church — Central Constitution of 1836 — Santa Anna — his Texan disgrace — Mexia — Bustamante President — French at Vera Cruz Revolts in the north and in the capital — Bustamante deposed — Santa Anna President,316
CHAPTER 7. — Reconquest of Texas proposed — Canalizo President ad interim — Revolution under Paredes in 1844 — Santa Anna falls — Herrera President — Texan revolt — Origin of war with the United States — Texan war for the Constitution of 1824 — Nationality recognized — Annexation to the United States — Proposition to Mexico — Herrera overthrown — Paredes President — Our minister rejected — Character of General Paredes,326
​CHAPTER 8. — General Taylor ordered to the Rio Grande — History of Texan boundaries — Origin of the war — Military preparations — Commencement of hostilities — Battles of Palo Alto and Resaca — Matamoros — Taylor's advance — Fall of Monterey,334
CHAPTER 9. — General Wool inspects and musters the western troops — Army of the Centre — New Mexico — Kearney — Macnamara — California — Frémont — Sonoma — Californian independence — Possession taken — Sloat — Stockton — A revolt — Pico — Treaty of Couenga — Kearney at San Pascual — is relieved — Disputes — San Gabrielle — Mesa — Los Angeles — Frémont's character, services, trial,342
CHAPTER 10. — Valley of the Rio Grande — Santa Anna at San Luis — Scott commander-in-chief — Plan of attack on the east coast — General Scott's plan — Doniphan's expedition — Bracito — Sacramento — Revolt in New Mexico — Murder of Richie — Selection of battle ground — Description of it — Battle of Angostura or Buena Vista — Mexican retreat — Tabasco — Tampico,350}}
CHAPTER 11. — Santa Anna's return — changes his principles — Salas executive — Constitution of 1824 restored — Paredes — Plans of Salas and Santa Anna — his letter to Almonte — his views of the war — refuses the Dictatorship — commands the army — State of parties in Mexico — Puros — Moderados — Santa Anna at San Luis — Peace propositions — Internal troubles — Farias's controversy with the church — Polko revolution in the capital — Vice Presidency suppressed — Important decree,358
CHAPTER 12. — General Scott at Lobos — Landing at and siege of Vera Cruz — Capitulation and condition of Vera Cruz — Condition of Mexico — Alvarado, etc., captured — Scott's advance — Description of Cerra Gordo — Mexican defences and military disposal there — Battle of Cerro Gordo — Peroté and Puebla yield — Santa Anna returns — Constitution of 1824 readopted — Mexican politics of the day — War spirit — Guerillas — Peace negotiations — Santa Anna's secret negotiations,370
CHAPTER 13. — Scott at Puebla — Tampico and Orizaba taken — Scott's advance — Topography of the Valley of Mexico — Routes to the capital — El Peñon — Mexicalzingo — Tezcoco — Chalco — Outer and inner lines around the city — Scott's advance by Chalco — The American army at San Augustin,381
CHAPTER 14. — Difficulties of the advance — The Pedregal — San Antonio — Hacienda — Relative position of American and Mexican armies — Path over the Pedregal to Contreras — Valencia disconcerts Santa Anna's plan of battle — American advance and victory at Contreras — San Antonio turned by Worth — Battle of Churubusco — Battle at the Convent and Tete de Pont — Their capture,391
CHAPTER 15. — Why the city was not entered on the 20th — Condition of the city — Deliberation of the Mexican cabinet and proposals — Reasons why General Scott proposed and granted the armistice — Deliberations of commissioners — Parties against Santa Anna — Failure of the negotiation — Mexican desire to destroy Santa Anna,400
CHAPTER 16. — Military position of the Americans at the end of the armistice — Mexican defences — Plan of attack — Reconnoissances of Scott and Mason — Importance of Mexican position at Molino del Rey — Scott's scheme of capturing the city — Battle of Molino del Rey — Reflections and criticism on this battle — Preparations to attack Chapultepec — Storming of Chapultepec and of the city Gates of San Cosmé and Belen — Retreat of the Mexican army and government — American occupation of the city of Mexico,408
CHAPTER 17. — Attack of the city mob on the army — Quitman Governor — Peña President — Congress ordered — Siege of Puebla — Lane's, Lally's, and Childs's victories — Guerrilleros broken up — Mexican politics — Anaya President — Peace negotiations — Scott's decree — Peña President — Santa Anna and Lane — Santa Anna leaves Mexico for Jamaica — Treaty entered into — Its character — Santa Cruz de Rosales — Court of Inquiry — Internal troubles — Ambassadors at Querétaro — Treaty ratified — Evacuation — Revolutionary attempts — Condition of Mexico since the war — Character of Santa Anna — Note on the military critics,420