OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Baird, Sir David, Baronet

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​BAIRD, SIR DAVID, BARONET (1757–1829)
General: son of William Baird, of Newbyth: born Dec, 1757: entered the Army in the 2nd foot, in 1772: came to England from Gibraltar in 1776: went to India in the 73rd in 1779–80: was in Colonel Baillie's force which was overwhelmed by Hyder Ali at Perambakam, Sep. 10, 1780: was imprisoned by Hyder Ali at Seringapatam for 3½ years, and released at the Treaty of Mangalore in 1784. His mother, knowing his intractable temper, remarked, on hearing of his imprisonment, that "she pitied the man who was chained to our Davie." He commanded a Brigade, and served under Lord Cornwallis at the capture of Savandrug in 1791, and at Seringapatam in 1792: in 1793 he took Pondicherry: commanded a Brigade at the Cape of Good Hope in 1797, and, returning ​to India in 1798, as Maj-General, led the storming party at the siege of Seringapatam on May 4, 1799, after which he considered himself slighted at Colonel Arthur Wellesley (afterwards Duke of Wellington, (q.v.) being placed in command at Seringapatam: commanded the Dina-pur Brigade, 1800: led an expedition to Egypt down the Nile in 1801, to co-operate with the British army, and was at the capture of Alexandria: led back the Egyptian Indian army, 1802: in 1802 he commanded a Division of the Madras Army, but, when again placed under General A. Wellesley for the Mahratta war, resigned and returned to. England, being captured on the voyage by the French: was knighted and became Lt-General: in 1805–6 was sent to retake the Cape of Good Hope from the Dutch: served at Copenhagen, and in Spain, in 1808, losing an arm at Corunna: was made K.B., 1809, and a Baronet; and General in 1814: G.C.B., 1815: C. in C. in Ireland, in 1820: Governor of Fort George, 1829: died in Perthshure, Aug. 18, 1829.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Balfour, Sir George

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​BALFOUR, SIR GEORGE (1809–1894)
Born 1809: son of Capt. George Balfour: brother of E. G. Balfour (q.v.): educated at Eddiscombe: joined the Madras Artillery, 1825, the Royal Artillery, 1826: served in the Malacca campaign, 1832–33: in China with the Madras force, 1840–2: and was Colonel at Shanghai from 1843 for some years: on the Madras Military Board 1849–57, and Inspr-General of Ordnance: C.B., 1854: on the Military Finance Commission of 1859–60, and Head of the Military Finance Department, 1860–62, doing valuable work in these appointments: in England, employed on the Recruiting Commission, 1866 and 1868–70: as Assistant to the Controller in Chief at the War Office, 1868–71: K.C.B., 1871: M.P. Kincardineshire, 1872–1892: became a General in 1877: died, March 12, 1894: his wife was a daughter of Joseph Hume, M.P.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Bailey, Rev. Benjamin

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​BAILEY, REV. BENJAMIN (1791–1871)
Missionary for 40 years in Travancore: distinguished as a linguist and botanist, and author of a Malayalam dictionary: died, 1871.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Baillie, William

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​BAILLIE, WILLIAM ( ? –1782)
Entered the E.I.Co.'s service in the Madras N. I., 1759: Lt-Colonel, 1775: served against Hyder Ali, 1767–8: held a command at Pondicherry, 1779, against the French: and in the Guntur Sircars in 1780: defeated, in 1780, a portion of Hyder All's invading army under Tippoo near Perambakam: was unable to join Sir Hector Munro's army, but, on receipt of small reinforcements, advanced from Polilore to do so: was attacked by Hyder's force and overwhelmed, Sep. 10, 1780: severely wounded and captured: with the few survivors was kept prisoner at Seringapatam, generally in chains: died in captivity, Nov. 13, 1782.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Baker, Sir Thomas Durand

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​BAKER, SIR THOMAS DURAND (1837–1893)
Son of Rev. John Durand Baker, Vicar of Bishop's Pawton, Devon: born March 23. 1837: educated at Cheltenham: entered the 18th Royal Irish regt., 1854: served in the Crimea, 1854–6: in the Indian mutiny was with the Central India Field Force: passed the Staff College, 1862: in the New Zealand war, 1863–67: was Assistant Adjutant and Q.M.G. in Ashanti Expedition, 1873–4, and Chief of the Staff: C.B.: A.D.C. to the Queen: attached to the Russian Army during the Russo-Turkish war, 1877: Military Secretary to Lord Lytton, Viceroy of India, 1878: in 1879, commanded a Brigade under Lord Roberts, through the Kuram to Kabul, commanded at Charasia Oct. 6, 1879, and was engaged in many of the fights near Kabul: was in Lord Roberts' Kabul- Kandahar march, Aug., 1880, and the battle of Kandahar: K.C.B. 1881: in the Boer War 1881 as Brig-General: in 1884 was Adjutant-General in India: in the Burmese expedition, 1886–7: commanded a Division in Bengal, 1887–90: Q.M.G. of the Army, 1890: Lt-General, 1891: died at Pau, Feb. 9 1893.
# Defense Production Act Extension and Reauthorization of 2008

Note: This is the original legislation as it was initially enacted. Any subsequent amendments hosted on Wikisource may be listed using What Links Here.
An Act To extend and reauthorize the Defense Production Act of 1950, and for other purposes.
    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,

#### Section 1. Short Title.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Defense Production Act Extension and Reauthorization of 2008´´.

#### Sec. 2. Extension of Termination Date.

    Section 717(a) of the Defense Production Act of 1950 (50 U.S.C. App. 2166(a)) is amended by striking ``September 30, 2008´´ and inserting ``September 30, 2009´´.

#### Sec. 3. Reauthorization.

    Section 711(b) of the Defense Production Act of 1950 (50 U.S.C. App. 2161(b)) is amended by striking ``2008´´ and inserting ``2009´´.
Approved October 8, 2008.

## Legislative History

* H.R. 6894
   * CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, Vol. 154 (2008):
   ** Sept. 23, considered and passed House.
   ** Sept. 25, considered and passed Senate.
This work is in the public domain in the U.S. because it is an edict of a government, local or foreign. See § 313.6(C)(2) of the Compendium II: Copyright Office Practices. Such documents include "legislative enactments, judicial decisions, administrative rulings, public ordinances, or similar types of official legal materials" as well as "any translation prepared by a government employee acting within the course of his or her official duties."
These do not include works of the Organization of American States, United Nations, or any of the UN specialized agencies. See Compendium III § 313.6(C)(2) and 17 U.S.C. 104(b)(5).
A non-American governmental edict may still be copyrighted outside the U.S. Similar to {{PD-in-USGov}}, the above U.S. Copyright Office Practice does not prevent U.S. states or localities from holding copyright abroad, depending on foreign copyright laws and regulations.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Defense Department Takes Custody of a High-Value Detainee -- 2007-04-27

* related portals: Guantanamo.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Wikidata item.
http://www.defenselink.mil/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=46318

# Accused Terrorist Transferred to Guantanamo Facility

By Jim Garamone American Forces Press Service
WASHINGTON, June 6, 2007 – An accused terrorist believed to have helped al Qaeda groups in Africa obtain arms has been transferred to the U.S. detention facility at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba.
Abdullahi Sudi Arale was detained in the Horn of Africa region recently, Pentagon spokesman Bryan Whitman said today. He is suspected of being a courier between the al Qaeda network in East Africa and al Qaeda in Pakistan.
Arale is considered an enemy combatant and a high-value detainee, Whitman said.
Since his return from Pakistan to Somalia in September 2006, he has held a leadership role in the organization set up to challenge the transitional government in the country.
Defense officials said Arale has been assisting various East Africa al Qaeda-affiliated extremists in acquiring weapons and explosives. He also has helped facilitate extremist travel by providing false documents for terrorists traveling into Somalia.
Arale played a significant role in the emergence of the Council of Islamic Courts in Mogadishu. The courts have evolved into a quasi-governmental entity with troops and weaponry. They controlled Mogadishu and most of southern Somalia, but left after Ethiopian troops entered the country in December.
Arale joins about 385 detainees in the Guantanamo facility, Whitman said, adding that he will be questioned about his al Qaeda dealings. Many detainees at the facility have provided information essential to understanding how al Qaeda operates and preventing future attacks, Whitman said.
Arale will go through a combatant status review tribunal, in which he will be given the opportunity to review an unclassified summary of evidence against him and contest his enemy-combatant status. The International Committee of the Red Cross will be granted access to him.
Related Sites:
    Detainee Affairs
# Defense Production Act of 1950/Title I
## TITLE I — PRIORITIES AND ALLOCATIONS
### Sec. 101.

    The President is hereby authorized (1) to require that performance under contracts or orders (other than contracts of employment) which he deems necessary or appropriate to promote the national defense shall take priority over performance under any other contract or order, and, for the purpose of assuring such priority, to require acceptance and performance of such contracts or orders in preference to ether contracts or orders by any person he finds to be capable of their performance, and (2) to allocate materials and facilities in such manner, upon such conditions, and to such extent as he shall deem necessary or appropriate to promote the national defense.

### Sec. 102.

    In order to prevent hoarding, no person shall accumulate (1) in excess of the reasonable demands of business, personal, or home consumption, or (2) for the purpose of resale at prices in excess of prevailing market prices, materials which have been designated by the President as scarce materials or materials the supply of which would be threatened by such accumulation. The President shall order published in the Federal Register, and in such other manner as he may deem appropriate, every designation of materials the accumulation of which is unlawful and any withdrawal of such designation. This section shall not be construed to limit the authority contained in section 101 of this Act.

### Sec. 103.

    Any person who willfully performs any act prohibited, or willfully fails to perform any act required, by the provisions of this title or any rule, regulation, or order thereunder, shall, upon conviction, be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned for not more than one year, or both.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Alston, Edward Richard

​ALSTON, EDWARD RICHARD (1845–1881), zoologist, was born at Stockbriggs, near Lesmahagow, 1 Dec. 1845, and, being delicate in youth, was chiefly self-educated at home. He very early contributed to the ‘Zoologist’ and various Scottish magazines, and ultimately became an acknowledged authority on mammalia and birds. His principal papers in the ‘Proceedings of the Zoological Society’ (1874–80) are upon rodents, especially American squirrels (1878 and 1879). The division Mammalia in Salvin and Godman's ‘Biologia Centrali-Americana’ was written by him, though its publication was incomplete at his death. In 1880 he was elected zoological secretary of the Linnean Society, which office he held till his death from acute phthisis on 7 March 1881. In 1874 he largely assisted Prof. T. Bell in the second edition of ‘British Quadrupeds.’ All his papers are valuable, and remarkable for conciseness and lucidity.
[Obituary Notice, Proc. Linn. Soc. 1880–81, p. 16.]
G. T. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Alston, Edward (1595-1669)

​ALSTON, Sir EDWARD (1595–1669), president of the College of Physicians, was born in Suffolk, and was educated at St. John's College, Cambridge. He graduated B.A. 1615, M.D. 1626. In 1631 he was elected a fellow of the College of Physicians, and was president from 1655 until 1666. At the Restoration he was knighted (3 Sept. 1660). He increased the power of the college by a judicious inclusion of physicians who during the rebellion had practised without the college license. Thus seventy honorary fellows were created at once. Their diploma fees filled the almost empty college chest, but while the college was unguarded during the plague, thieves carried off the money. When in the following year the fire inflicted a still more serious loss on the society, Sir E. Alston promised money to rebuild the college, but a quarrel arose as to the site, and at the annual election he was not again chosen president. He withdrew his promise of money and never renewed it. He published in quarto ‘A Collection of Grants to the College of Physicians,’ London, 1660. He lived in Great St. Helens, Bishopsgate, and died very rich 24 Dec. 1669.
[Munk's College of Physicians (1878), i. 202.]
N. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Alves, Robert

​ALVES, ROBERT (1745–94), Scotch poet and prose writer, was born at Elgin on 11 Dec 1745. His father's circumstances were humble, but as a boy of promise he was placed at the Elgin grammar school, where he made such good use of his opportunities that when sent to Aberdeen he took at Marischal College the highest bursary of the year in which he competed. An ‘Elegy on Time,’ written while he was at Aberdeen, procured him the friendship of Br. Beattie, then one of the professors of Marischal College. On leaving Aberdeen Alves was successively master of a Banffshire parish school and tutor in the family of a gentleman who offered him a living in the Kirk of Scotland. But he preferred the head-mastership, with a lower stipend, of the Banff grammar school, which he held from 1773 until 1779, when, on the failure of his suit to a young lady of beauty and fortune, he migrated to Edinburgh. There he taught the classics and several modern languages, occasionally translating and compiling for the Edinburgh booksellers. In 1780 appeared his ‘Ode to Britannia ... on occasion of our late successes,’ in which the gallantry of Scotch officers during the campaign in the Carolinas against the revolted American colonists was sung with patriotic enthusiasm. In 1782 he published a volume of ‘Poems,’ and in 1789 ‘Edinburgh, a poem in two parts,’ a lively performance describing the topography and social aspects of the Scottish capital, together with the ‘Weeping Bard, a poem in sixteen cantos,’ much of which is plaintively auto-biographical. Alves died suddenly on 1 June 1794, while seeing through the press the work which appeared in the same year as ‘Sketches of the History of Literature, containing Lives and Characters of the most eminent Writers in different languages, ancient and modern, and critical remarks on their works. Together with several Literary Essays.’ The volume displays acuteness and a reading creditably wide, but neither the powers nor the attainments of the writer were sufficient for the task which he had undertaken. Lord Gardenstone, a literary Scotch judge, seems to have superintended its issue from the press, and he contributed to it several critical observations.
[Memoir prefixed to the Sketches of the History of Literature; Alexander Campbell's Introduction to the History of Poetry in Scotland (1798), pp. 305–6.]
F. E.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Ambrosius Aurelianus

​AMBROSIUS AURELIANUS (fl. 440), called Emrys by Welsh writers, was a leader of the Britons in the fifth century, about whose history little that is certain can be extracted from the mass of legend that has gathered about his name. Our earliest authority, Gildas, speaks of him with enthusiasm, but with little definiteness, as the leader who checked the victorious advance of the Saxon invaders. He describes Ambrosius as ‘courteous, faithful, valiant, and true; a man of Roman birth who had alone survived the conflict, his kindred, who had worn the purple, having perished in the struggle; his descendants, greatly degenerated in these days from the excellence of their ancestors, still provoke their conquerors to battle, and by the grace of God their prayers for victory are heard.’ Geoffrey of Monmouth and other later writers represent Ambrosius as the son of Constantine, who was elected emperor in Britain, Gaul, and Spain during the reign of the Emperor Honorius; but their accounts of Constantine's life and death are so utterly irreconcilable with known facts that no reliance can be placed on their statements. Geoffrey's account is shortly as follows: Aurelius, Ambrosius, and Uther Pendragon were the sons, by a Roman wife, of Constantine the Tyrant, who was murdered by Vortigern after a reign of ten years. On their father's death Constantine's two sons fled to the king of Armorica, but returned after some years, during which Vortigern, as king of Britain, had been forced to rely upon the aid of the Jutes, under Hengist and Horsa, for protection against the Picts. On his return Ambrosius was anointed king, and proceeded to attack Vortigern, whom he defeated and killed at Genoreu. Ambrosius was then opposed by Hengist, whom he defeated with great slaughter at Maisbeli. Hengist was soon afterwards put to death. Ambrosius reigned as king for some years longer, and was poisoned at Winchester, where he lay sick, by a Saxon named Copa, disguised as a physician.
What may be looked upon as ascertained is that Ambrosius was of Roman origin, and probably descended from Constantine; that his birth attached to him Romans or Romanised Britons; and that he was a successful opponent of the advance of the Saxon invaders, whom he drove back and confined within the limits of the isle of Thanet. The Welsh writers give Ambrosius the title of ‘Gwledig,’ applied by them to those who occupied the place of Dux Britanniæ and Comes Litoris Saxonici; it is the epithet given to Maximus and Constantine, who had both borne the title of emperor.
A. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Alvey, Richard

​ALVEY, RICHARD (d. 1584), master of the Temple, received his education at Cambridge, where he graduated B.A. in 1529–30, and M.A. in 1533. He was admitted a fellow of St. John's College in 1537 or 1538 during the prefecture of Dr. George Day. On 24 Feb. 1539–40 he was presented by his college to the rectory of Thorington in Essex. He proceeded B.D. in 1543, was admitted to the rectory of Grinstead, near Colchester, on the king's presentation, 11 May 1546, and to the rectory of Sandon, also in Essex, on the presentation of Sir John Gate, 13 Nov. 1548. On 11 Dec. 1552 he was installed canon of Westminster.
Early in the reign of Queen Mary he was deprived of all his preferments, whereupon he went into exile, residing at Frankfort till after the accession of Queen Elizabeth, when he returned to England and was restored to the rectory of Thorington. By letters-patent dated 13 Feb. 1559–60 he was appointed master of the Temple, and he was again constituted one of the canons of the church of Westminster by the charter of refoundation, 21 June 1560. In 1565 he resigned the rectory of Thorington. Dr. Sandys, Bishop of London, collated him to the rectory of Bursted Parva, Essex, on 10 April 1571. He resigned his canonry at Westminster in 1575, and the rectory of Bursted Parva in the following year. His death occurred about August 1584.
Isaak Walton (Life of Hooker, 1665, p. 45) describes him as ‘a man of a strict life, of ​great learning, and of so venerable behaviour as to gain such a degree of love and reverence from all men that he was generally known as Father Alvie.’ Moreover, he informs us that at the reading in the Temple following his death, Dr. Sandys, Archbishop of York, being at dinner with the judges, the reader and the benchers of the society ‘met with a condolement for the death of Father Alvie, an high commendation of his saint-like life and of his great merit both to God and man: and as they bewailed his death, so they wished for a like pattern of virtue and learning to succeed him.’ His successor was the famous and ‘judicious’ Richard Hooker.
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Alvey, Thomas

​ALVEY, THOMAS, M.D. (1645–1704), physician, son of Thomas Alvey, merchant-taylor, of London, was born in St. Faith's parish, 4 May 1645, and educated at Merchant Taylors' School and at Merton College, Oxford (B.A. 1662, M.A. 1667, M.B. 1669, M.D. 1671). He became a fellow of the College of Physicians of London in 1676; censor in 1683; Harveian orator in 1684; was appointed an elect in January 1703–4; and died in 1704. Dr. Alvey wrote ‘Dissertatiuncula Epistolaris, unde pateat urinæ materiam potius è sero sanguinis quàm è sero (quod succo alibili in nervis superest), ad renes transmitti,’ London, 1680, 4to.
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Ambrose, John

​AMBROSE, JOHN (d. 1771), captain in the navy, was promoted to that rank in March 1734, and appointed to the Greyhound, in which ship he was employed in the Channel and Mediterranean till September 1740, when he was transferred to the Rupert of 60 guns. In this ship he continued for the next eighteen months, cruising with good success against the enemy's privateers on the north coast of Spain, and on the coast of Portugal. He was then sent out to join the Mediterranean fleet, and was present in the action off Toulon on 11 Feb. 1744. Captain Ambrose was afterwards charged before a court-martial with having neglected his duty on that occasion; with firing and continuing to fire on the enemy whilst altogether out of range, with not having assisted the Marlborough when in extreme danger, with not having covered and protected the fire-ship when he might and should have done so, and finally with ‘disobedience to his majesty's instructions and the signals and commands of the admiral, neglect of naval discipline, and being one of the principal causes of the miscarriage of his majesty's fleet.’ The court held these charges to be proved in the principal part; but considering that he had always borne the character of a vigilant and diligent officer, and that his failure in the action was apparently due to a mistake in judgment, his judges sentenced him to be only cashiered during his majesty's pleasure and to be fined one year's pay, to be given to the chest at Chatham. In 1748 he was restored to his rank and half-pay, and in April 1750 was advanced to be a rear-admiral on the retired list. He died 26 March 1771.
J. K. L.