OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Kannada romanization table

Kannada
Vowels and Diphthongs (see Note 1)
| ಅa | ಌl̥ |
| ಆā | ಎe |
| ಇi | ಏē |
| ಈī | ಐai |
| ಉu | ಒo |
| ಊū | ಓō |
| ಋr̥ | ಔau |
| ೠr̥̄ | |
Consonants (see Note 2)
| Gutturals | Palatals | Cerebrals | Dentals |
| ಕka | ಚca | ಟṭa | ತta |
| ಖkha | ಥcha | ಠṭha | ಥtha |
| ಗga | ಚja | ಡḍa | ದda |
| ಘgha | ಝjha | ಢḍha | ಧdha |
| ಙṅa | ಞña | ಣṇa | ನna |
| Labials | Semivowels | Sibilants | Aspirate |
| ಪpa | ಯya | ಶśa | ಹha |
| ಫpha | ರra | ಷṣa | |
| ಬba | ಱṟa | ಸsa | |
| ಭbha | ಲla | | |
| ಮma | ಳḷa | | |
| | ೞl̤a | | |
| | ವva | | |
| Anusvāra (Bindu or Sonne) (see Note 3) | Visarga |
| ◌ಂṃ | ◌ಃḥ |
Notes 1. Only the vowel forms that appear at the beginning of a syllable are listed; the forms used for vowels following a consonant can be found in grammars; no distinction between the two is made in transliteration. ​2. The vowel a is implicit after all consonants and consonant clusters and is supplied in transliteration, with the following exceptions:
    a) when another vowel is indicated by its appropriate sign; and
    b) when the absence of any vowel is indicated by the superscript sign (◌್).
3. Exception: Anusvāra is transliterated by:
    a) ṅ before gutturals,
    b) ñ before palatals,
    c) ṇ before cerebrals,
    d) n before dentals, and
    e) m before labials.
# Literary Lapses/Insurance up to Date

Insurance up to Date
A man called on me the other day with the idea of insuring my life. Now, I detest life-insurance agents; they always argue that I shall some day die, which is not so. I have been insured a great many times, for about a month at a time, but have had no luck with it at all.
So I made up my mind that I would outwit this man at his own game. I let him talk straight ahead and encouraged him all I could, until he finally left me with a sheet of questions which I was to answer as an applicant. Now this was what I was waiting for; I had decided that, if that company wanted information about me, they should have it, and have the very best quality I could supply. So I spread the sheet of questions before me, and drew up a set of answers for them, which, I hoped, would settle for ever all doubts as to my eligibility for insurance.
Question.—What is your age?
Answer.—I can't think.
​Q.—What is your chest measurement?
A.—Nineteen inches.
Q.—What is your chest expansion?
A.—Half an inch.
Q.—What is your height?
A.—Six feet five, if erect, but less when I walk on all fours.
Q.—Is your grandfather dead?
A.—Practically.
Q.—Cause of death, if dead?
A.—Dipsomania, if dead.
Q.—Is your father dead?
A.—To the world.
Q.—Cause of death?
A.—Hydrophobia.
Q.—Place of father's residence?
A.—Kentucky.
Q.—What illness have you had?
A.—As a child, consumption, leprosy, and water on the knee. As a man, whooping-cough, stomach-ache, and water on the brain.
Q.—Have you any brothers?
A.—Thirteen; all nearly dead.
Q.—Are you aware of any habits or tendencies which might be expected to shorten your life?
A.—I am aware. I drink, I smoke, I take ​morphine and vaseline. I swallow grape seeds and I hate exercise.
I thought when I had come to the end of that list that I had made a dead sure thing of it, and I posted the paper with a cheque for three months' payment, feeling pretty confident of having the cheque sent back to me. I was a good deal surprised a few days later to receive the following letter from the company:
"Dear Sir,—We beg to acknowledge your letter of application and cheque for fifteen dollars. After a careful comparison of your case with the average modern standard, we are pleased to accept you as a first-class risk."
# Letters of John Huss Written During His Exile and Imprisonment/Letter 45, To a Friend

LETTER XLV.
TO A FRIEND.
To-morrow, at six o’clock, I am to answer on the following points:—I am asked, in the first place, if I am willing to acknowledge as erroneous all the articles extracted from my books, if I abjure them, and if I engage to preach the contrary? In the second place, whether I am willing to confess that I have preached the articles imputed to me by witnesses? Thirdly, and lastly, if I abjure them? God grant that the Emperor may hear the words which God will put into my mouth; and if I am accorded pens and paper, as I hope I shall, by the grace of God I will make the following answers in writing:—
“I, John, servant of Jesus Christ, refuse to confess that any of the articles extracted from my books are erroneous, through fear of condemning the opinions of the holy doctors, and, above all, of St Augustin. Secondly, I refuse to admit that I have held or preached the articles which are imputed to me by false witnesses. Thirdly, I refuse to abjure, through fear of perjuring myself.”
In the name of Heaven take great care of my letters, ​and send them to Bohemia with precaution, lest they may place many persons in danger. Keep me in remembrance, should you not receive news from me again; and pray to God that he may bestow constancy on me and Jerome, my brother in Christ; for I believe, as I understood from the deputies, that he will suffer death with me.
# Letters of John Huss Written During His Exile and Imprisonment/Letter 46, To his Friends

LETTER XLVI.
TO HIS FRIENDS.
[Last resolution of John Huss, to which, with the grace of God, he desires to remain faithful.]
****** These are the things which the Council has often required of me; but they imply that I revoke, that I abjure, and that I accept a penance; and I cannot do it, without denying, in many things, the truth. In the second place, I should perjure myself in abjuring and confessing errors falsely imputed to me. In the third place, I should afford a great scandal to the people of ​God who have listened to my sermons; and it would be better that a millstone were tied round my neck, and that I were plunged to the bottom of the sea. Lastly, If I acted in this manner, to avoid a momentary confusion and a short trial, I should fall into disgrace and much more terrible sufferings, unless, indeed, I repented of them before my death. Wherefore, in order to fortify myself, I have thought of the seven martyrs of the Maccabees, who preferred rather to be torn in pieces than partake of meats prohibited by God. I have thought of St Eleazar, who, according to what is written, was not willing to confess he had eaten of prohibited meats, for fear of leaving a bad example to posterity, but preferred martyrdom. Having, then, before my eyes many saints of the new law, who accepted martyrdom rather than consent to sin, how should I, who have exhorted others in my preachings to patience and firmness, be thus guilty of perjury, and of so many vile falsehoods, and scandalize also, by my example, many children of the Lord?
Far, far from me be such a thought! Our Saviour Jesus Christ will reward me fully, and bestow on me in my trials the assistance of patience.
* ↑ Hist. et Monum. Johann. Huss, Epist. xlv.
* ↑ This letter, such as it has reached us, is, without doubt, only a fragment; the first words indicate as much.
# Letters of John Huss Written During His Exile and Imprisonment/Letter 48, John Huss to the University of Prague

LETTER XLVIII.
JOHN HUSS TO THE UNIVERSITY OF PRAGUE.
Honourable Masters, bachelors, and students, of the University of Prague, you whom I cherish in Christ Jesus, I exhort you all to love one another, to extirpate schism; to honour God above all things; in reminding yourselves how much I have always desired that the progress of our University should turn to the glory of God; how much I have bewailed your discords and your violence, and how I have always endeavoured to maintain united our illustrious nation. Remember also how much my life has been embittered by the outrages and blasphemies of some amongst those whom I most loved, and for whom I would willingly have exposed my life. And now they inflict on me a cruel death? May the Almighty God forgive them, for they know not what they do; and I pray with a sincere heart that he may spare them! My well beloved in Jesus Christ, dwell in the truth that you have known, which triumphs over all, and which increases in strength even unto eternity.
Know, also, that I have neither revoked nor abjured ​any article. The Council wished that I should acknowledge as false and erroneous all the articles extracted from my books. I have refused, unless they proved to me their falsehood by the Scriptures. If there is really some erroneous meaning in these articles I detest it, and refer its correction to our Lord Jesus Christ, who knows my sincerity, and is aware that my intention is not to maintain an error. And all of you likewise do I exhort, in the Lord, to detest every error that you may discover in my works; but in respecting that truth, which I have ever kept in view, pray for me, and support each other in the peace of God.
I, John Huss, in chains, and already on the verge of the present life, awaiting to-morrow a cruel death, which, I hope, will wash away my sins, not finding in myself any heresy, by the grace of God, confess with all my soul the truth in which I believe.
Written five days before the Festival of St Peter.
I conjure you to love Bethlehem, and to put Gallus in my place; for I think the Lord is with him. I recommend to you Peter de Maldoniewitz, my very faithful and courageous comforter.
# Letters of John Huss Written During His Exile and Imprisonment/Letter 49, To his Friends

LETTER XLIX.
TO HIS FRIENDS.
My well beloved in the Lord, many causes, and especially the expectation of my speedy death, had made me suppose that the letters I recently wrote to you would be the last. Now that a delay is accorded—since it is permitted me to converse with you by letter, I write to you again, to testify, at least, all my gratitude. In what concerns my death, God only knows why it is deferred, as also that of my very dear brother Jerome, who, I hope, will die in a holy manner, and without a stain. I know that he acts and suffers now with more firmness than I, infirm sinner that I am. God has granted us much time, that we might better recall all our sins, and direct ourselves with greater energy to repentance; he has given us this time, that a long and great trial might efface our sins, and thus bring consolation with it. He has granted it to us, that we might meditate on the execrable out​rages and cruel death of our King and merciful Lord, Jesus Christ, and that we should thus support our own evils with greater constancy; that we might at last remember that the joys of eternal life do not immediately follow this world’s joys, but that it is by passing through great tribulations that the saints enter the kingdom of God. Some of them have been, without shrinking, sawed in twain; others have been burned, stripped of their skin, buried alive, stoned, crucified, crushed between millstones, dragged here and there unto death, precipitated to the bottom of the waters, strangled, cut into pieces, overwhelmed by outrages before their death, and tortured by hunger in their prisons and in their chains. Who could describe the torments and agonies which all the saints have suffered for the divine truth under the old and new covenant, and especially those who have branded the iniquity of priests, and who have raised their voices against it? It would be a strange thing at present to remain unpunished when attacking the perversity of priests, who will not endure any blame.
I rejoice that they are now obliged to read my works, where their corruption is depicted, and I know they read them with greater attention than the Holy Scriptures, in the ardent desire of finding out errors.
Written on the Thursday before the Festival of Saint Peter.
# Letters of John Huss Written During His Exile and Imprisonment/Letter 43

LETTER XLIII.
Salutation to you, through Jesus Christ! I beseech you, for God’s sake, not to shew my letters, nor to publish them; for I fear they might place several persons in jeopardy. If Vitus remains, let him be prudent. I rejoice greatly to learn that my gracious Lord is coming to me. Our Saviour raised up Lazarus to life on the fourth day, when he already began to decay. He preserved Jonas in the belly of the fish, and restored him to his preaching; he drew Daniel in safety from the lion’s den that he might write his prophecies; he preserved from the flames the three young men in the furnace; and he delivered Susannah, already condemned and on the point of perishing.
Wherefore, he could as easily snatch also from prison and death me, unfortunate man that I am, were it conducive to the glory and advantage of the faithful, and to my own welfare. The power of Him who drew Peter out of prison ​by his angel, when condemned to die at Jerusalem, and who caused the chains to fall from his hands, is not diminished. But let the Lord’s will be done; may it be fully accomplished in me for his glory and my sins! A Doctor said to me—“If in all things I would submit to the Council; every thing would then be good and legitimate for me.” He added —“If the Council asserted you had but one eye, although you have two, still it would be necessary to say the Council was right.” “If the whole world,” replied I, “should affirm such a thing, I could not, as long as I possess the use of my reason, assent to it, without wounding my conscience.” After other conversation he abandoned his argument and said to me, “I confess I have not chosen my example well.”
The Lord is with me like a valiant warrior; the Saviour is my light and salvation; whom should I fear? The Lord defends my life; who shall make me tremble? In these latter times I often repeat this sentence—“Lord, I suffer violence, answer for me; for what shall I say to my enemies?”
John Huss, servant in hope of Jesus Christ.
# Littell's Living Age/Volume 115/Issue 1489/Constitution of Mecklenburg

The consolidation of Germany into an empire leaves little room for the maintenance of such feudal claims as the petty Princes had maintained over their subjects. Of these the Duke of Mecklenburg was the most noted example. In his duchy the rulers until very recently asserted, in theory at least, their indefeasible right to the use of a stick over refractory subjects of the lower orders, a claim which it was the special business of the Berlin comic papers, while Berlin was the capital of Prussia only, to hold up to ridicule, using it as one of the best arguments for the general reform of the Fatherland which permitted such vagaries to its princelings. Times have changed since Kladderadatsch and his fellows combated the use of this paternal punishment of their neighbours, and Mecklenburg has now a Constitution of its own. This, however, gives so little satisfaction that the cry for reform has been for some time plainly audible, and has forced itself on the ducal ears. A project has just been submitted to those interested, including the town council of Rostock, the most important part of the duchy, which, on hearing it read last week at their meeting, pronounced absolutely for its rejection, on the very sufficient ground that under it the Prince would still retain the absolute and unchecked power of taxation. Moreover, it perpetuates the existing incorporations of the orders of nobility and peasantry, but adds for legislative purposes thirty-two nominees representing the ducal domains — another proposal which raises keen opposition. The project has been accepted, it is officially stated, by the Ritterschaft, but not as yet by the representatives of the peasantry, before whom it had been laid by a ducal commission. On the whole it would seem that the principle of no taxation without representation is making its way steadily into the most backward parts of Germany under the direct influence of the new Imperial institutions.
# Littell's Living Age/Volume 115/Issue 1489/Flooding of the Po

Despatches from the inundated districts of Italy give a melancholy picture of their present condition. Trees lie flat on the ground, rooted up by the force of the floods. The meadows and fields are strewn with sand and stones. One-third of the houses facing the river at Casalmaggiore are entirely covered by the water. Those which are not destroyed are abandoned. The wealthy have fled the neighbourhood; the poor wander about, trusting to charity for their subsistence. No such inundation of the Po, a correspondent of the Daily News says, has been seen during the present century. The full extent of the waste and ruin caused by the inundation, the same writer says, cannot yet be estimated, but the work of restoring the banks of the Po will probably cost the Government £200,000. The Italian soldiers are said to have behaved with great courage and energy. The King leaves Rome for Naples on Saturday, and returns on the 20th inst.
# Littell's Living Age/Volume 115/Issue 1489/One with Thee

Nearer, nearer, heavenly Saviour,  Draw my cold, unwilling soul — Closer, ever closer, hold me,  Till Thy touch have made me whole: Oh, to think that I may be, Blessed Jesus, one with Thee!
When the world my love allureth,  When I say to Thee "Depart," Heed me not, but let Thy sunshine  Melt my hard ungrateful heart: Till, like birds beneath the wing, Unto Thee I turn and cling.
If the flesh, O Lord, should tempt me,  Show Thy wounds in foot and hand; With the look that softened Peter,  Lord, before my spirit stand, Till all dark deeds I forsake, Loathing each for Thy dear sake.
When the devil strives to win me,  Hide me, hide me, Saviour blest — Draw me, in a closer union,  Closer to Thy heavenly breast: For no evil thing shall e'er Reach the soul that's anchored there.
# Littell's Living Age/Volume 115/Issue 1489/A Begging Letter

This faithful copy of a begging letter seems worth preservation:
    "Honored Leady or Gentelman
    "The Apeal of a destitute family a husband wife and three children The youngest but four weeks and three days Old this morning which I gave birth to between Virgania and here at a place coled haverdyrass. The conducter had to break up the train and leave me there to share my fate beneath the canipey of heaven with god my attendant and A poor husband that has been disabeld in the army also Laboring under dropsey the last year. He cant get on his feet now without help when we left richmond our object was my pariental Home huntington Long Island but getting Prostrated in our design we were detained. There is none of my familey abel to to travel we Are very destitute for want of some of the Nesireys of Life.
    "Honored ithank your Benevolenced for aney aid that you will give To keep us from sufring Adressed as Above Yours with thanks and gratitude"
                            Captain I. S. Williams.
# Littell's Living Age/Volume 115/Issue 1489/Autumn

Peaceful and silent in the mellow smile Of Autumn, harvest-fields and pastures lie. Imperial Autumn! barn and granary High with her glistening grain-store doth she pile; Each night the fair moon like a silver isle Unclouded beams upon the earth's broad breast; Anon, the wind-god riseth from his rest, And sings triumphant on the blast, the while Legions of leaves their tinted ensigns strew, To mark his path. The tall fern-stems are bare Beneath the hedges; and where roses threw, In summer mornings, perfume to the air, From his bright breast the robin shakes the dew, 'Mid clustered berries of the self-same hue.
# Littell's Living Age/Volume 115/Issue 1489/Chinese Feeling Toward the Principal European States

A correspondent of the Cologne Gazette at Hong-Kong thus describes the present state of feeling in China with regard to the principal European States: — "Of all the nations which are represented here, the sagacious and observant Chinese place Germany in the highest rank. Germany never landed a soldier on Chinese territory, never threatened China with war, and never bombarded either Pekin or Canton; her sons only looked after their trade, and never took possession of a foot of Chinese soil. The Americans are also popular, though last year the foolish expedition to Corea somewhat diminished their influence. The British, on the other hand, are very unpopular, and it is only by their gunboats that they maintain their influence, which has already reached its zenith. The complaints of the Chinese Government against England are very frequent, and no Chinese comes in contact with the brusque and arrogant "fair-haired barbarians" without wishing in his heart that he may live to see them humiliated. Still more disliked, however, are the French, who for many years have behaved in China even more arrogantly than the British. No other nation sent so numerous an army of 'blacks' into the country, or supported the often unfair and insulting demands of the missionaries with such unscrupulousness as the French. Their conduct in the last war, too, when they marched to the capital with their British allies, will never be forgiven by the Chinese. Nothing in the world is holy to a Chinaman but his family; a single glance from 'the Western devil' at the wife of any man who does not belong to the lowest class is regardad as an irretrievable disgrace, and a European may live for a quarter of a century in China without seeing any more of a Chinese house than the antechamber. During the war, while the sons of Albion were looking for silver and drink, the Zouaves persecuted the Chinese women with their attentions, and many hundreds of the latter killed themselves in consequence. This produced a feeling of bitter indignation against the French all over the country, and their defeat by Germany is generally regarded here as a judgment upon them for the acts of their troops in China." The correspondent concludes by urging the German Government to act in future with the United States in all Asiatic questions. "Now is the time," he says, "to lay the foundation for great results in the future, for it is on these waters and on this neutral Asiatic territory that the conflict between America and England for the predominance on the seas will be fought out. The struggle will not be so warm on the Thames or the Hudson as in Eastern Asia; and in another five-and-twenty years the centre of gravity of the United States will rather be on the Pacific than on the Atlantic. The sympathies and the interests of Germany under such circumstances clearly point to an understanding with America. Washington now seeks an alliance with Berlin, in view of future contingencies, and both should place their affairs in very efficient hands in view of the approaching struggle against England and Russia."
# Littell's Living Age/Volume 115/Issue 1489/Hanover and the Creation of Peers in Prussia

The proposed creation of peers in Prussia gives occasion for the growing sentiment in Hanover to show itself, which favours the absolute merging of the ancient Electorate in its more powerful neighbour. As might be expected, this is observed chiefly among the middle trading class. A Hanoverian journal remarks that the present is a very proper opportunity for bringing the representation of the province in the Upper House into harmony with its just weight in the monarchy. Hanover possesses a twelfth part of the inhabitants of the latter, while out of the 320 peers only eight are Hanoverians, so that its proportionate representation is but one-fortieth. Many important towns in the other province have the right of "presenting" a peer each — the Rhine Province in this manner alone secures nine seats — while no town but the capital has been thus recognized in Hanover, although there are many others in the province which might fairly from their general importance lay claim to the privilege. The nomination, it is added, of such growing and prosperous places as Harburg would be safe for the Government side, whereas the landed gentry do not as yet afford good materials for the experiment, being filled with "particularist" notions, or ready even to intrigue, if opportunity served, against the Hohenzollern dynasty.