OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period/Yoto

Layout 2
​YOTO 岳託, d. 1638, age 41 (sui), was a member of the Imperial Family and the eldest son of Daišan [q. v.]. From 1621 to 1629 he was constantly engaged in fighting, and in 1626 received the rank of beile for his services in the expedition led by his father Daišan against the Mongolian tribe of Jarut. In the invasion of Korea in 1627 he was the fifth ranking beile, and after the surrender of the Korean king, Li Tsung (see under Abahai), he supported Jirgalang's [q. v.] arrangement of a peace treaty, as opposed to Amin's [q. v.] project for further invasion. After taking an active part in the operations against the city of Ning-yüan, he returned in 1630 to be garrison commander of Shên-yang. On the organization of the Six Ministries in the Manchu Administration in 1631, he was put in charge of the Ministry of War, and presented memorials to Abahai [q. v.] urging conciliatory and constructive measures towards the conquered Chinese population. From 1632 to 1635 he accompanied the various expeditions against the Chahar Mongols, although prevented by sickness from playing an active part. In 1636 he received the title Ch'êng Ch'in-wang 成親王, but four months later was condemned to death for hiding the treacherous designs of Manggûltai [q. v.] and his own younger brother Šoto (see under Dorgon), and for instigating dissention between Jirgalang and Haoge [q. v.]. Although pardoned, he was degraded to beile and in the following year to beise for another offense. Despite this he was, in 1638, put in command of the right wing of the army against the Ming troops and died in action at Ch'iang-tzŭ-ling 牆子嶺. His death was deeply mourned by Abahai who gave him posthumously the title K'o-ch'in Chün-wang 克勤郡王. A memorial was erected in 1688 at his grave near Mukden, and in 1778, by order of Emperor Kao-tsung, a tablet to his honor was placed in the Imperial Ancestral Temple.
[1/222/9b; 2/3/1a; 3/8/16a; 34/123/1a.]
George A. Kennedy
# Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period/Yung-li

Layout 2
​YUNG-li. Reign-title of Chu Yu-lang.
# Egyptian Literature/The Book of the Dead/The Serpent Sata

Layout 2
THE SERPENT SATA
[From the Papyrus of Nu (British Museum No. 10477, sheet n).]
The Chapter of making the transformation into the serpent Sata. The chancellor-in-chief, Nu, triumphant, saith:
“I am the serpent Sata whose years are many. I die and I am born again each day. I am the serpent Sata which dwelleth in the uttermost parts of the earth. I die, and I am born again, and I renew myself, and I grow young each day.”
# Egyptian Literature/The Book of the Dead/The Victory Over Enemies

Layout 2
THE CHAPTER OF THE VICTORY OVER ENEMIES
[From the Papyrus of Nebseni (British Museum No. 9,900, sheet 12).]
“Hail, Thoth, who didst make Osiris to triumph over his enemies, snare thou the enemies of Osiris, the scribe Nebseni, the lord of piety, in the presence of the great sovereign princes of every god and of every goddess; in the presence of the great sovereign princes who are in Annu (Heliopolis) on the night of the battle and of the overthrow of the Sebau-fiend in Tattu; on the night of making to stand up the double Tet in Sekhem (Letopolis); on the night of the things of the night in Sekhem, in Pe, and in Tepu; on the night of the stablishing of Horus in the heritage of the things of his father in the double land of Rekhti(?); on the night when Isis maketh lamentation at the side of her brother Osiris in Abtu (Abydos); on the night of the Haker festival of the distinguishing [between] the dead (i.e., the damned) and the Khus on the path of the dead (i.e., the damned); on the night of the judgment of those who are to be annihilated at the great [festival of] the ploughing and the turning up of the earth in Naare-rut-f in Re-stau; and on the night of making Horus to tri​umph over his enemies. Horus is mighty, the northern and southern halves of heaven rejoice, Osiris is content thereat and his heart is glad. Hail, Thoth, make thou to triumph Osiris, the scribe Nebseni, over his enemies in the presence of the sovereign princes of every god and every goddess, and in the presence of you, ye sovereign princes who passed judgment on Osiris behind the shrine.”
In the Saīte Recension this chapter has no vignette, but it has the title “Another Chapter of the Chaplet of Victory,” and is arranged in tabular form. The words, “Hail, Thoth, make Osiris Auf-ānkh, triumphant, to triumph over his enemies even as thou didst make Osiris to triumph over his enemies,” which are written in two horizontal lines, are to be repeated before each column of text. The “great sovereign princes” invoked are those of: (1) Annu (Heliopolis), (2) Tattu, (3) Sekhem (Letopolis), (4) Pe and Tep, (5) An-arut-f, (6) the double land of Rekhti, (7) Re-stau, (8) Abtu, (9) the paths of the dead, (10) the ploughing festival in Tattu, (11) Kher-āba, (12) Osiris, (13) heaven and earth, (14) every god and every goddess. The rubric reads:
if this chapter be recited regularly and always by a man who hath purified himself in water of natron, he shall come forth by day after he hath come into port (i.e., is dead), and he shall perform all the transformations which his heart shall dictate, and he shall come forth from every fire.
* ↑ Pe and Tepu were two famous sanctuaries of northern Egypt.
* ↑ I.e., An-rut-f.
# Egyptian Literature/The Book of the Dead/Transformation into a Bennu Bird

Layout 2
TRANSFORMATION INTO A BENNU BIRD
[From the Papyrus of Nu (British Museum No. 10,477, sheet 10).]
[The Chapter of making the transformation into a Bennu bird.] The chancellor-in-chief, Nu, triumphant, saith:
“I came into being from unformed matter. I came into existence like the god Khepera, I have germinated like the things which germinate (i.e., plants), and I have dressed myself like the Tortoise. I am [of] the germs of every god. I am Yesterday of the four [quarters of the world] and of those seven Uraei which came into existence in Amentet, that is to say, [Horus, who emitteth light from his divine body. He is] the god [who] fought against Suti, but the god Thoth cometh between them through the judgment of him that dwelleth in Sekhem, and of the Souls who are in Annu, and there is a stream between them. I have come by day, and I have risen in the footsteps of the gods. I am the god Khensu, who driveth back all that oppose him.”
[if] this chapter [be known by the deceased] he shall come forth pure by day after his death, and he shall perform whatsoever transformations his heart desireth. he shall be in the following of un-nefer, and he shall be satisfied with the food of osiris and with sepulchral meals. [he] shall see the disk, [he] shall be in good case upon earth before ra, and he shall be triumphant before osiris, and no evil thing whatsoever shall have dominion over him forever and ever.
* ↑ Literally, “I flew.”
* ↑ I believe that “Turtle” is the correct translation.
# Egyptian Literature/The Book of the Dead/Victory Over Enemies

Layout 2
VICTORY OVER ENEMIES
[From Lepsius, “Todtenbuch,” Bl. 25.]
The Chapter of coming forth by day and of gaining the mastery over enemies.
“Hail, [thou] who shinest from the Moon and who sendest forth light therefrom, thou comest forth among thy multitudes, and thou goest round about, let me rise,” or (as others say), “let me be brought in among the Khus, and let the underworld be opened [unto me]. Behold, I have come forth on this day, and I have become a Khu (or a shining being); therefore shall the Khus let me live, and they shall cause my enemies to be brought to me in a state of misery in the presence of the divine sovereign princes. The divine ka (double) of my mother shall rest in peace because of this, and I shall stand upon my feet and have a staff of gold,” or (as others say), “a rod of gold in my hand, wherewith I shall inflict cuts on the limbs [of mine enemy] and shall live. The legs of Sothis are stablished, and I am born in their state of rest.”
# Egyptian Literature/The Book of the Dead/The Introduction to Maati (1)

Layout 2
THE INTRODUCTION TO MAATI
[From the Papyrus of Ani (British Museum No. 10,470, sheet 30).]
The Chapter of entering into the Hall of double Maati; a hymn of praise to Osiris, the governor of Amentet. Osiris, the scribe Ani, triumphant, saith:
“I have come, and [I] have drawn nigh to see thy beauties; my hands [are raised] in adoration of thy name ‘Right and Truth’ I came and I drew nigh unto [the place where] the acacia-tree groweth not, where the tree thick with leaves existeth not, and where the ground yieldeth neither herb nor grass. ​ ​“The Majesty of the god Anpu saith, ‘Knowest thou the name of this door so as to declare it unto me?’ And Osiris, the scribe Ani, triumphant in peace, triumphant! saith, ‘Destroyer of the god Shu’ is the name of this door. The Majesty of the god Anpu saith, ‘Knowest thou the name of the upper leaf and of the lower leaf?’ ‘Lord of Maat upon his two feet’ is the name of the upper leaf, and ‘Lord of twofold strength, the subduer of cattle,’ [is the name of the lower leaf. The Majesty of the god Anpu saith], ‘Since thou knowest pass on, O Osiris the scribe, the teller of the divine offerings of all the gods of Thebes, Ani, triumphant, the lord of reverence.'"
# Egyptian Literature/The Book of the Dead/The Introduction to Maati (2)

Layout 2
THE INTRODUCTION TO MAATI
[From the Papyrus of Nu (British Museum No. 10,477, sheet 22).]
[The following] shall be said when the overseer of the palace, the chancellor-in-chief, Nu, triumphant, cometh forth into the Hall of double Maati so that he may be separated from every sin which he hath done and may behold the faces of the gods. The Osiris Nu, triumphant, saith:
“Homage to thee, O Great God, thou Lord of Double Maāti, I have come to thee, O my Lord, and I have brought myself hither that I may behold thy beauties. I know thee, and I know thy name, and I know the name[s] of the two and forty gods who exist with thee in this Hall of double Maāti, who live as warders of sinners and who feed upon their blood on the day when the lives of men are taken into account in the presence of the god Un-nefer; in truth ‘Rekhti-merti-neb-Maāti’ (i.e., ‘twin-sisters with two eyes, ladies of double Maāti') is thy name. In truth I have come to thee, and I have brought Maāt (i.e., right and truth) to thee, and I have destroyed wickedness for thee. [I have not done evil to] mankind. I have not oppressed the members of my family, I have not wrought evil in the place of right and truth. I ​ ​at the end of the second month of the season Pert (i.e., the season of growing) [in the presence of the divine lord of this earth]. I have seen the Eye of Rā when it was full in Annu, therefore let not evil befall me in this land and in this Hall of double Maāti, because I, even I, know the name[s] of these gods who are therein [and who are the followers of the great god]"
* ↑ In other papyri this chapter is called: (1) “The Chapter of going into the Hall of double Maati;” (2) “The Chapter of [the Hall of] double Maati and of knowing what is therein;” and (3) “The Book of entering into the Hall of double Maati.” See Naville, op. cit., Bd. II. p. 275.
* ↑ I.e., the month called by the Copts Mekhir, the sixth month of the Egyptian year.
* ↑ These words are added from the Papyrus of Nebseni.
* ↑ These words are added from the Papyrus of Ani.
# Egyptian Literature/The Book of the Dead/Transformation into Ptah

Layout 2
TRANSFORMATION INTO PTAH
[From the Papyrus of Nu (British Museum No. 10,477, sheets 9 and 10).]
The Chapter of making the transformation into Ptah, of eating cakes, and of drinking ale, and of unfettering the steps, and of becoming a living being in Annu (Heliopolis). The chancellor-in-chief, Nu, triumphant, saith:
“I fly like a hawk, I cackle like the smen goose, and I perch upon that abode of the underworld (aat) on the festival of the great Being. That which is an abomination unto me, that which is an abomination unto me, I have not eaten; filth is an abomination unto me and I have not eaten thereof, and that which is an abomination unto my ka hath not entered into my belly. Let me, then, live upon that which the gods and the Khus decree for me; let me live and let me have power over cakes; let me eat them before the gods and the Khus [who have a favor] unto me; let me have power over [these cakes] and let me eat of them under the [shade of the] leaves of the palm tree of the goddess Hathor, who is my divine Lady. Let the offering of the sacrifice, and the offering of cakes, and vessels of libations be made in Annu; let me clothe myself in the taau garment [which I shall receive] from the hand of the goddess Tait; let me stand up and let me sit down wheresoever I please. My head is like unto that of Rā, and [when my members are] gathered together [I am] like unto Tem; the four [sides of the domain] of Rā, and the width of the earth four times. I come forth. My tongue is like unto that of Ptah and my throne is like unto that of the goddess Hathor, and I make mention of the words of Tem, my father, with my mouth. He it is who constraineth the handmaid, the wife of Seb, and before him are bowed [all] heads, and there is fear of him. Hymns of praise are repeated for [me] by reason of [my] mighty acts, and I am decreed to be the divine Heir of Seb, the lord of the earth and to be the protector therein. The god Seb refresheth me, and he maketh his risings to be mine. Those who dwell in Annu bow down their heads unto me, for I am their lord and I am their bull. I am more powerful than the lord of time, and I shall enjoy the pleasures of love, and shall gain the mastery over millions of years.”
# Egyptian Literature/The Book of the Dead/Transformation into a Heron

Layout 2
TRANSFORMATION INTO A HERON
[From the Papyrus of Nu (British Museum No. 10,477, sheet 10).]
[The Chapter of making the transformation into a heron. The chancellor-in-chief, Nu, triumphant, saith:]
“[I] have gotten dominion over the beasts that are brought for sacrifice, with the knives which are [held] at their heads, and at their hair, and at their. . . . [Hail], Aged ones ​[hail,] Khus, who are provided with the opportunity, the chancellor-in-chief, the overseer of the palace, Nu, triumphant, is upon the earth, and what he hath slaughtered is in heaven; and what he hath slaughtered is in heaven and he is upon the earth. Behold, I am strong, and I work mighty deeds to the very heights of heaven. I have made myself pure, and [l make the breadth of heaven [a place for] my footsteps [as I go] into the cities of Aukert; I advance, and I go forward into the city of Unnu (Hermopolis). I have set the gods upon their paths, and I have roused up the exalted ones who dwell in their shrines. Do I not know Nu? Do I not know Ta-tunen? Do I not know the beings of the color of fire who thrust forward their horns? Do I not know [every being having] incantations unto whose words I listen? I am the Smam bull [for slaughter] which is written down in the books. The gods crying out say: ‘Let your faces be gracious to him that fcometh onward.’ The light is beyond your knowledge, and ye cannot fetter it; and times and seasons are in my body. I do not utter words to the god Hu, [I do not utter words of] wickedness instead of [words of] right and truth, and each day right and truth come upon my eyebrows. At night taketh place the festival of him that is dead, the Aged One, who is in ward [in] the earth.”
# Egyptian Literature/The Book of the Dead/Transformation into a Lotus

Layout 2
TRANSFORMATION INTO A LOTUS
[From the Papyrus of Nu (British Museum No. 10,477, sheet n).]
The Chapter of making the transformation into a lotus. The overseer of the palace, the chancellor-in-chief, Nu, saith:
“I am the pure lotus which springeth up from the divine splendor that belongeth to the nostrils of Ra. I have made [my way], and I follow on seeking for him who is Horus. I am the pure one who cometh forth out of the Field.”
TRANSFORMATION INTO A LOTUS
[From the Papyrus of Paqrer (see Naville, op. cit., Bd. I. Bl. 93).]
The Chapter of making the transformation into a lotus. Saith Osiris Paqrer:
“Hail, thou lotus, thou type of the god Nefer-Temu! I am the man that knoweth you, and I know your names among [those of] the gods, the lords of the underworld, and I am one of you. Grant ye that [I] may see the gods who are the divine guide in the Tuat (underworld), and grant ye unto me a place in the underworld near unto the lords of Amentet. Let me arrive at a habitation in the land of Tchesert, and receive me, O all ye gods, in the presence of the lords of eternity. Grant that my soul may come forth whithersoever it pleaseth, and let it not be driven away from the presence of the great company of the gods.”
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Taurida

See also Taurida on Wikipedia; Taurida in the 11th Edition; and the disclaimer.
TAURIDA, a government of southern Russia, includes the peninsula of Crimea (q.v.) and a tract of mainland situated between the lower Dnieper and the coasts of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azoff, and is bounded by these two seas on the S., while it has on the N. the governments of Kherson and Ekaterinoslaff. The area is 24,540 square miles, of which 6990 square miles belong to the Crimea; its continental part consists of a gently undulating steppe of black earth, with only a few patches of salt clay on the banks of the Sivash or Putrid Sea, and sands in the lower course of the Dnieper. It is watered by the Dnieper, which flows along the frontier for 180 miles, and by two small rivers, the Molotchnaya and Berda. Many small lakes and ponds occur in the north, especially among the Dnieper sands, as well as on the Kinburn peninsula, at the mouth of the Dnieper, where salt is made. There are no forests except the artificial plantations in the colonies of the Mennonites. The climate is continental, and resembles that of central Crimea and Kherson. The population in 1883 was 940,530 (247,780 in Crimea). The continental portion, although less mixed than that of the peninsula, consists of Russians (Great, Little, and White Russians), who constitute 83 per cent. of the population, Germans (11 per cent.), Bulgarians (5 per cent.), and Jews (1 per cent.).
Agriculture and cattle-breeding are the leading occupations. Wheat is the chief product, and by the Germans and Russian Nonconformists on the Molotchnaya agriculture is carried to a high degree of perfection. In 1882 there were within the government 356,270 horses, 485,800 cattle, and 3,985,300 sheep (2,891,700 merinos). Salt is made both on the mainland and in the Crimea, and the fisheries along the coast supply an export trade. Manufactures are insignificant, but there is a brisk export trade in grain, salt, fish, wool, and tallow. The main centres of trade are the Kakhovka port on the Dnieper, Berdyansk on the Sea of Azoff, and the seaports of Eupatoria, Sebastopol, Sudak, and Theodosia. The government is divided into eight districts, the chief towns of which (with populations in 1881) are Simferopol (29,030), capital of the government, Eupatoria (13,420), and Theodosia (10,800) in Crimea, and Aleshki (8915), Berdyansk (18,180), Melitopol (13,310), Perekop (4280), and Yalta (3000) on the continent. Several villages, such as Bolshoy Tokmak (8000) and Andreevka (7300), have each a population of more than 5000.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Tauromenium

See also Tauromenium on Wikipedia; Tauromenium in the 11th Edition; and the disclaimer.
TAUROMENIUM.See Taormina.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Taurus

See also Taurus on Wikipedia; Taurus in the 11th Edition; and the disclaimer.
TAURUS.(See Asia Minor, vol. ii. p. 704-5)
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Tavira

See also Tavira on Wikipedia; Tavira in the 11th Edition; and the disclaimer.
TAVIRA, a seaport of Portugal, in the province of Algarves, at the mouth of the Seca, 21 miles east-north-east of Faro. It is regularly built, and has an alcazar, used as an official residence, besides other public buildings. It has sardine and tunny fisheries, and carries on a considerable coasting trade. Excellent fruit is grown in the neighbourhood. The population in 1878 was 11,459.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Tavistock

See also Tavistock on Wikipedia; Tavistock in the 11th Edition; and the disclaimer.
TAVISTOCK, a town of Devonshire, England, is finely situated in the valley of the Tavy, on the western border of Dartmoor, and on the South Devon Railway, 15 miles north of Plymouth, 14 south-east of Launceston, and 213 west-south-west of London. The town has been greatly improved since 1845, chiefly at the expense of the duke of Bedford, by the construction of a system of sewage and the erection of many new dwellings suitable for the working classes. There are some remains (including a portion in the square, now used as a public library established in 1799) of the magnificent abbey of Sts Mary and Rumon, first founded in 961 by Orgar, earl of Devon. After destruction by the Danes in 997 it was restored, and among its famous abbots were Lyfing, friend of Canute, and Aldred, who crowned Harold II. and William, and died archbishop of York. The abbey church was rebuilt in 1285, and the greater part of the abbey in 1457-58. The church of St Eustachius possesses a lofty tower supported on four open arches. Among the principal public buildings are the guild-hall (1848), the corn market (1838), the market buildings (1858), and the new hall for concerts and public entertainments. Near the town is Kelly College, opened in 1877, founded by Admiral Benedictus Marwood Kelly, with a preference for the founder's kin. Mines of copper, manganese, lead, silver, and tin are in the neighbourhood, and the town possesses a considerable trade in cattle and corn, as well as a brewery. The population of the township in 1881 was 6914. The parliamentary borough (area 11,450 acres), which had a population in 1871 of 7725 and in 1881 of 6879, was merged in the county in 1885.
The town owes its origin to the foundation of the abbey in 961. From Henry I. the abbots obtained the entire jurisdiction of the hundred of Tavistock, with a weekly market. A school for Saxon literature was established by the monks, which flourished till the Reformation. The Royalists were quartered at Tavistock after the defeat of the Parliamentarians on Bradock Down in 1643, and Charles I. visited it on his way to Cornwall. It returned members to parliament from the time of Edward I. till 1885, among its representatives having been John Pym, the great opposer of the policy of Charles I., and William, Lord Russell, beheaded in the ​reign of Charles II. Among the famous natives of Tavistock are Sir John Glanville, judge under James I., William Brown, the author of Britannia's Pastorals, and Sir Francis Drake, of whom a colossal statue by Boehm was presented to the town by the duke of Bedford in 1883.