OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Limited contributions of released animals from zoos to North American conservation translocations/Results

​Results
Our NACT data set included 1863 articles, of which 231 (12%) did not specify the source of released animals. Of the remainder, 47% (768 articles) reported animals from captive-bred populations, 50% (816) from wild populations, and 3% (48) from both sources. Among the 279 species represented in the NACT database, 58% (162) featured in conservation translocations that released captive-bred animals.
The proportion of species whose conservation translocations involved releases from captive-breeding programs has not changed significantly since the 1970s (r = −0.137, p = 0.374). In fact, the proportion of publications mentioning releases from captive-breeding, which includes multiple articles for some species, has declined ​slightly over time (r = −0.353, p = 0.019) (Fig. 1d) despite the increasing annual number of articles (Fig. 1a). Zoos have contributed animals toward releases of only 14% (40) of all animal species featured in published conservation translocations, and 25% of translocated species sourced from captive-bred populations, and this proportion has not changed significantly over time (r = 0.229; p = 0.135). Of the articles that reported captive-bred source populations, 16% (126) mentioned animals bred by zoos (Fig. 1b), and the proportion of zoo-bred source populations increased over time (r = 0.325, p = 0.0313) (Fig. 1d). Captive breeding by zoos was more likely to contribute to North American releases for amphibians (42%), terrestrial invertebrates (29%), mammals (19%), and birds (17%) than reptiles (15%), fish (2%), or marine invertebrates (0). Of the 54 zoos involved, 50 were in North America and 4 in Europe. Of the North American Zoos, 42 were AZA accredited, representing only 18% of 230 AZA institutions.
Zoo involvement of some kind was reported in 13% (242) of all 1863 conservation-translocation relevant papers. Zoo staff coauthored 5% of all papers in the NACT ​data set and 39% (94) of articles with zoo involvement. The proportion of publications with zoo staff as coauthors increased over time (r = 0.480, p < 0. 01) (Figs. 1c & d) from 0% in 1974 to 42% in 2013.
Figure 1. The number of papers on North American conservation translocations published annually from 1974 to 2013: (a) papers that involved captive breeding relative to all conservation translocation relevant papers in the North American Conservation Translocation (NACT) database, (b) papers that mentioned captive breeding by zoos relative to papers involving any captive breeding, (c) papers authored by zoo employees relative to papers with no authors involved with zoos, and (d) trend in proportions of NACT captive breeding, captive breeding by zoos, and authorship of researchers associated with zoos.
This work is released under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license, which allows free use, distribution, and creation of derivatives, so long as the license is unchanged and clearly noted, and the original author is attributed.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Lincoln

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "Lincoln."
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, travel guide, Wikidata item.
This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* Lincoln, a poem by Paul Laurence Dunbar.
* Lincoln, a poem by Ella Wheeler Wilcox.
* Lincoln, a poem by Nicholas Vachel Lindsay.
# Limited contributions of released animals from zoos to North American conservation translocations/Methods

​Methods
We used the North American Conservation Translocation (NACT) data set compiled by Brichieri-Colombi and Moehrenschlager (2016). This data set comprises publications on North American conservation translocations involving terrestrial, marine and freshwater animals published between 1974 and December 2013. Publications were compiled using the ISI Web of Science and Academic Search Complete search engines, which primarily identified journal publications but also some grey literature, such as agency reports and newspaper and magazine articles. We searched all publications in the data set for the words “zoo∗,” “aquarium,” “safari,” and “society.” We selected these terms by running a word frequency query on the names of all AZA accredited institutions to ensure that our search captured the majority of zoos; 85% of AZA-accredited institutions include one or more of these terms in their name. We selected all articles that contained the terms in the author affiliation, abstract, main text, or acknowledgements sections and then recorded the species involved, type of conservation translocation, zoo name or names, type of zoo involvement (e.g., captive breeding, authorship, funding, veterinary care, etc.), source population (captive or wild), and release location. We included articles that mentioned zoo involvement but did not mention the name of the zoo, but we eliminated articles that only included a general statement about zoos (e.g., “Zoo and botanic garden managers are rethinking their organizational missions”). We used R statistical software (R Core Team 2016) to derive descriptive statistics and run Pearson’s correlations on trends over time. Although we recognize that year of publication is an imperfect indicator of the timing of conservation translocations, we do not believe the variable time lag between implementation and publication introduces systematic biases in our analyses.
This work is released under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license, which allows free use, distribution, and creation of derivatives, so long as the license is unchanged and clearly noted, and the original author is attributed.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Littell's Living Age/Volume 140/Issue 1808

LITTELL'S LIVING AGE.
| Fifth Series, Volume XXV. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | No. 1808. — February 8, 1879. | $\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \end{matrix}}\right.}$ | From Beginning Vol. CXL. |
CONTENTS. :
| I. | The Migration of Centres of Industrial Energy, | Fortnightly Review, | 323 |
| II. | Sir Gibbie. By George MacDonald, author of "Malcolm," "The Marquis of Lossie," etc. Part XII., | Advance Sheets, | 335 |
| III. | Novel-Reading. By Anthony Trollope, | Nineteenth Century, | 349 |
| IV. | The Bride's Pass. By Sarah Tytler, author of "What She Came Through," "Lady Bell," etc. Part IV., | Advance Sheets, | 361 |
| V. | Count Fersen, Temple Bar, | Temple Bar, | 367 |
| VI. | Among the Burmese. Part VI., | Fraser's Magazine, | 375 |
| VII. | A Farmhouse Dirge. By Alfred Austin, | Contemporary Review, | 381 |
| VIII. | Trafalgar. By F. T. Palgrave, | Macmillan's Magazine, | 383 |
POETRY. :
| Fancies, | 322 | A Farmhouse Dirge, | 381 |
| A Dialogue, | 322 | Trafalgar, | 383 |
| Lead them Home, | 322 | |
# Littell's Living Age/Volume 140/Issue 1808/A Dialogue

A DIALOGUE. :
| She. | The dandelions in the grass Are blown to fairies' clocks, On this green bank I pluckt (alas!) The last of lady-smocks. |
| He. | Let them die, What care I? Roses come when field flowers pass. |
| She. | But these sun-sated, sultry hours Will make your roses fall, Their large, wide-open, crimson flowers Must die like daisies small. |
| He. | Sweet as yet! I'll forget (When they die) they lived at all! |
| Mary F. Robinson. ||
# Littell's Living Age/Volume 140/Issue 1807/Night on the Tweed

* NIGHT ON THE TWEED.
* Light lingers — but the world is cold —
* The mists along the river slowdy creep,
* The dull trees, heavy with their weight of sleep,
* Their leaves around them closely fold.
* Fast falls the night, — the thickening shadows grow,
* And like a lifeless mass the great earth lies;
* No sound is here, except the night-bird's cries,
* Nor motion, but the river's sluggish flow.
* There the black city holds its silent place,
* The flitting lights have vanished one by one;
* The crowded thousands, with their day's work done,
* Are slumbering somewhere in its dark embrace.
* The light is gone, and darkness covers all, —
* The river-mists, the trees, the distant hills,
* The sobbing of the tiny mountain rills, —
* Darkness has fallen o'er them as a pall.
* The hours creep on, — lo! quivering light-beams pass
* From reed to reed along the river-shore;
* The birds are whisp'ring that the night is o'er,
* The silent river gleams like tinted glass.
* The west is glimmering, — greys and reds and blues,
* Growing to splendor like a thing divine;
* And in the east, over the mountain line,
* Comes morning, floating on a thousand hues.
* Spectator.Henry W. Thomson.
# Littell's Living Age/Volume 140/Issue 1807/S.S. "Lusitania"

* S.S. "LUSITANIA".
* I read in Dante how that horned light,
* Which hid Ulysses, waved itself and said:
* "Following the sun, we set our vessel's head
* To the great main; pass'd Seville on the right
* "And Ceuta on the left; then southward sped.
* At last in air, far off, dim rose a height.
* We cheer'd; but from it rush'd a blast of might,
* And struck — and o'er us the sea-waters spread."
* I dropp'd the book, and of my child I thought
* In his long black ship speeding night and day
* O'er those same seas; dark Teneriffe rose, fraught
* With omen; "Oh! were that mount pass'd," I say.
* Then the door opens and this card is brought:
* "Reach'd Cape Verde Islands, 'Lusitania.'"
* Nineteenth Century.Matthew Arnold.
# Littell's Living Age/Volume 140/Issue 1808/"What can heal a broken heart?"

* What can heal a broken heart?
* Death alone I fear me,
* Thou that dost true lovers part,
* What can heal a broken heart?
* Death alone that made the smart,
* Death that will not hear me.
* What can heal a broken heart?
* Death alone I fear me.
* A. M. F. Robinson.
# Littell's Living Age/Volume 140/Issue 1808/Fancies

* FANCIES.
* I.
* LOVERS.
* He gather'd blue forget-me-nots,
* To fling them laughing on her knee.
* She cried, "Ah no; if thou canst go,
* Ah, love, thou shalt forgotten be!"
* He gather'd golden buttercups,
* That grow so very fresh and free.
* "Ah, happy plays, in childish days,
* When buttercups were gold to me!"
* He gathered little meadow-sweet,
* And hid it where she could not see.
* She peep'd about and found it out,
* And laugh'd aloud, and so did he.
* He gather'd shining silver-weed;
* He stole the heather from the bee:
* Amid the grass the minutes pass,
* And twilight lingers on the lee.
* II.
* TO A GIRL.
* Thou art so very sweet and fair,
* With such a heaven in thine eyes,
* It almost seems an overcare
* To ask thee to be good or wise:
* As if a little bird were blam'd
* Because its song unthinking flows;
* As if a rose should be asham'd
* Of being nothing but a rose.
* Alas! why have we souls at all?
* Why has each life a higher goal?
* May not a thing as pure and small
* As thou art — be excused a soul?
* If there were only birds and flowers,
* How beautiful the world would be!
* Or could we spend our happy hours,
* And live like them, how blest were we!
* Alas! but life is but a breath,
* And every breath with danger rife,
* And every breath leads on to death,
* And after death — the real life!
* The Author of "Child-World."
# Littell's Living Age/Volume 140/Issue 1808/Lead them Home

* LEAD THEM HOME.
* Lord, we can trust thee for our holy dead,
* They, underneath the shadow of thy tomb,
* Have entered into peace: with bended head,
* We thank thee for their rest, and for our lightened gloom.
* But, Lord, our living — who, on stormy seas
* Of sin and sorrow, still are tempest-tossed!
* Our dead have reached their haven, but for these —
* Teach us to trust thee, Lord, for these, our loved and lost!
* For these we make our passion-prayer by night;
* For these we cry to thee through the long day.
* We see them not, O keep them in thy sight;
* From them and us, be thou not very far away.
* And if not home to us, yet lead them home
* To where thou standest at the heavenly gate;
* That so, from thee they shall not farther roam;
* And grant us patient hearts thy gatheringtime to wait.
* Sunday Magazine.H. Macdowall.
# Littell's Living Age/Volume 140/Issue 1807/Old and New

* OLD AND NEW.
* Where are they hidden, all the vanished years?
* Ah, who can say?
* Where is the laughter flown to, and the tears?
* Perished? Ah, nay!
* Beauty and strength are born of sun and showers;
* Shall these not surely spring again in flowers?
* Yet let them sleep, nor seek herein to wed
* Effect to cause;
* For nature's subtlest influences spread
* By viewless laws.
* This only seek, that each New Year may bring
* Out of new gifts a fairer, softer spring!
* Spectator.F. W. B.
# Letters to Atticus/1.2

Translated by Evelyn Shuckburgh (1900)

## To Atticus at Athens
### Rome, July 65 BC

I have to inform you that on the day of the election of L. Iulius Caesar and C. Marcius Figulus to the Consulship, I had an addition to my family in the shape of a baby boy. Terentia doing well.
Why such a time without a letter from you? I have already written to you fully about my circumstances. At this present time I am considering whether to undertake the defence of my fellow candidate, Catiline. We have a jury to our minds with full consent of the prosecutor. I hope that if he is acquitted he will be more closely united with me in the conduct of our canvass; but if the result be otherwise I shall bear it with resignation. Your early return is of great importance to me, for there is a very strong idea prevailing that some intimate friends of yours, persons of high rank, will be opposed to my election. To win me their favour I see that I shall want you very much. Wherefore be sure to be in Rome in January, as you have agreed to be.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Asconius assigns this to the accusation of embezzlement in Africa. But that seems to have been tried in the previous year, or earlier in his year. The new impeachment threatened seems to have been connected with his crimes in the proscriptions of Sulla (Dio, 37.10). Cicero may have thought of defending him on a charge relating to so distant a period, just as he did Rabirius on the charge of murdering Saturninus (B.C. 100), though he had regarded his guilt in the case of extortion in Africa as glaring.
# Letters to Atticus/1.11

Translated by Evelyn Shuckburgh

## To Atticus at Athens
### Rome, 67 BC

I was doing so before spontaneously, and have been since greatly stirred by your two letters, with their earnest expressions to the same effect. Besides, Sallustius has been always at my side to prompt me to spare no pains to induce Lucceius to be reconciled to you. But after doing everything that could be done, not only did I fail to renew his old feelings towards you, but I could not even succeed in eliciting the reason of his alienation. On his part, however, he keeps harping on that arbitration case of his, and the other matters which I knew very well before you left Rome were causing him offence. Still, he has certainly got something else fixed deeper in his mind; and this no letters from you, and no commissioning of me will obliterate as easily as you will do in a personal interview, I don't mean merely by your words, but by the old familiar expression of your face--if only you think it worth while, as you will if you will listen to me, and be willing to act with your habitual kindness. Finally, you need not wonder why it is that, whereas I intimated in my letters that I felt hopeful of his yielding to my influence, I now appear to have no such confidence; for you can scarcely believe how much more stubborn his sentiment appears to me than I expected, and how much more obstinate he is in this anger. However, all this will either be cured when you come, or will only be painful to the party in fault.
As to the sentence in your letter, "you suppose by this time I am praetor-elect," let me tell you that there is no class of people at Rome so harassed by every kind of unreasonable difficulty as candidates for office; and that no one knows when the elections will be. 1 However, you will hear all this from Philadelphus. Pray despatch at the earliest opportunity what you have bought for my "Academia." I am surprisingly delighted with the mere thought of that place, to say nothing of its actual occupation. Mind also not to let anyone else have your books. Reserve them, as you say in your letter, for me. I am possessed with the utmost longing for them, as I am with a loathing for affairs of every other kind, which you will find in an incredibly worse position than when you left them.

## Footnotes

* ↑ The comitia were twice postponed this year. Apparently the voting for Cicero had in each case been completed, so that he is able to say that he was "thrice returned at the head of the poll by an unanimous vote" (de Imp. Pomp. § 2). The postponement of the elections was probably connected with the struggles of the senate to hinder the legislation (as to bribery) of the Tribune, Gaius Cornelius (Dio, 36.38-39).
* ↑ The first allusion in these letters to the disturbed position of public affairs. See the passage of Dio quoted in the previous note. There were so many riots in the interval between the proclamation and the holding of the elections, not without bloodshed, that the senate voted the consuls a guard.
# Letters to Atticus/1.15

Translated by Evelyn Shuckburgh

## To Atticus in Epirus
### Rome, 15 March 61 BC

You have heard that my dearest brother Quintus has got Asia; for I do not doubt that rumour has conveyed the news to you quicker than a letter from any of us. Now then, considering how desirous of a good reputation he and I have ever been, and how unusually Philhellenic we are and have the reputation of being, and considering how many there are whose enmity we have incurred for the sake of the Republic, "call to mind all your valour," to secure us the praise and affection of all concerned. I will write at greater length to you on these points in the letter which I shall give to Quintus himself. Please let me know what you have done about the business I confided to you, and also in your own affair; for I have had no letter from you since you left Brundisium. I am very anxious to hear how you are.
15 March.

## Footnotes

* ↑ pantoiês aretês mimnêskeo (Hom. 51.22.8).
* ↑ The allotment of provinces had been put off (see Letter XIX) till the affair of Clodius's trial was settled: Consequently Quintus would not have much time for preparation, and would soon set out. He would cross to Dyrrachium, and proceed along the via Egnatia to Thessalonica. He might meet Atticus at Dyrrachium, or go out of his way to call on him at Buthrotum.
# Linderholm v. Kansas

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
296 U.S. 572
Linderholm v. Kansas

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Lincoln v. United States (202 U.S. 484)

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.

## Dissenting Opinion

    Douglass White
United States Supreme Court
202 U.S. 484
Lincoln v. United States
Argued: January 18, 19, 1906. --- Decided: May 28, 1906
Messrs. Paul Fuller, Frederic R. Coudert, John G. Carlisle, and Henry M. Ward for plaintiffs in error and appellant.
Messrs. H. A. Herbert and Benjamin Micou for certain claimants having interests similar to those of appellant in No. 466.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 485-489 intentionally omitted]
Attorney General Moody and Solicitor General Hoyt for the United states.
[Argument of Counsel from Pages 489-495 intentionally omitted]
Mr. Chief Justice Fuller delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Lindenberger v. Beall

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
19 U.S. 104
Lindenberger v. Beall

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Lincoln v. United States (202 U.S. 484)/Dissent Douglass White

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
* Dissenting Opinion Douglass White
United States Supreme Court
202 U.S. 484
Lincoln v. United States
Argued: January 18, 19, 1906. --- Decided: May 28, 1906
Mr. Justice White, with whom concurs Mr. Justice McKenna, dissenting:
Although I dissented in De Lima v. Bidwell, 182 U.S. 1, 45 L. ed. 1041, 21 Sup.Ct.Rep. 743; Dooley v. United States, 182 U.S. 220, 45 L. ed. 1065, 21 Sup.Ct.Rep. 762; and Fourteen Diamond Rings v. United States, 183 U.S. 176, 46 L. ed. 138, 22 Sup.Ct.Rep. 59,-nevertheless I agreed to the judgment of reversal as previously rendered in this case. 197 U.S. 429, 49 L. ed. 819, 25 Sup.Ct.Rep. 455. I was constrained so to do because to me it seemed that the determination of the substantial issues in the case were foreclosed by the prior cases above mentioned, which were binding on me under the rule of stare decisis. It is true that in this case, as previously argued and decided, there was present the question of an alleged ratification by Congress of the imposition and collection of the taxes in controversy; but, on the former argument, my attention was not directed to public reports and documents throwing light upon the scope of the ratifying act, as was done on the present argument. Construing the act of Congress which is relied upon to establish the ratification, by the light of the public documents referred to, my mind sees no possible escape from the conclusion that that act was intended to, and did, ratify the collection of the charges complained of. Having no doubt of the power of Congress to ratify, to my mind it clearly results that I erred in giving my assent to the previous judgment of reversal, and I therefore dissent from the opinion and conclusion of the court now announced.
I am authorized to say that Mr. Justice McKenna concurs in this dissent.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Linder v. United States

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Wikidata item.
Linder v. United States, 268 U.S. 5 (1925), is a Supreme Court case involving the applicability of the Harrison Act. The Harrison Act was originally a taxing measure on drugs such as morphine and cocaine, but it later effectively became a prohibition on such drugs. However, the Act had a provision exempting doctors prescribing the drugs. Dr. Charles Linder prescribed the drugs to addicts, which the federal government said was not a legitimate medical practice. He was prosecuted and convicted. Linder appealed, and the Supreme Court unanimously overturned his conviction, holding that the federal government overstepped its power to regulate medicine. The opinion of the court was written by Justice James Clark McReynolds and states, "Obviously, direct control of medical practice in the states is beyond the power of the federal government." Warning: template has been deprecated.
United States Supreme Court
268 U.S. 5
Linder v. United States
Argued: March 9, 1925. --- Decided: April 13, 1925
Mr. George Turner, of Spokane, Wash., for petitioner.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 6-8 intentionally omitted]
The Attorney General, Solicitor General Beck, of Washington, D. C., Assistant Attorney General Donovan, and Mr. Harry S. Ridgely, of Washington, D. C., for the United States.
Mr. Justice McREYNOLDS delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse