# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Worlidge, Thomas

​WORLIDGE, THOMAS (1700−1766), painter and etcher, born at Peterborough of Roman catholic parents in 1700, studied art in London as a pupil of a Genoese refugee, Alessandro Maria Grimaldi (1659−1732) (Huber and Martin, Manuel des Curieux et des Amateurs de l'Art, 1808, ix. 132). He painted portraits of his master Grimaldi and his master's wife about 1720. He married Grimaldi's daughter, and long remained on intimate terms with Alexander Grimaldi, his master's son. Subsequently he received instruction from Louis Peter Boitard [q. v.] About 1736 Worlidge and the younger Grimaldi are said to have visited Birmingham, where Worlidge reintroduced the art of painting on glass. For a time, too, he seems to have practised portrait-painting at Bath.
About 1740 Worlidge settled in London in the neighbourhood of Covent Garden, where he remained for the rest of his life. At one time Worlidge's address was ‘at the Piazza, Covent Garden.’ He afterwards resided in Bedford Street and King Street in the same neighbourhood. Though his portraits in oil and pastel enjoyed some vogue, his first reputation was made by his miniature portraits. In middle life his ​most popular work consisted of heads in blacklead pencil, for which he charged two guineas apiece. Numerous leaders of fashionable society employed him to make drawings of the kind. Finally he concentrated his energies on etching in the style of Rembrandt. He used a dry-needle with triangular point. He copied some of Rembrandt's prints, among them the artist's portrait of himself and the hundred-guelder plate. The copies are said to have been sometimes mistaken for the originals. An etching after Rembrandt's portrait of Sir John Astley was described by Walpole as Worlidge's ‘best piece.’
One of Worlidge's most popular plates, although it was not of great artistic value, depicted the installation of the Earl of Westmorland as chancellor of the university at the theatre at Oxford in 1761. Worlidge represents himself in the gallery on the right in the act of drawing the scene with his (second) wife beside him. In the corresponding place on the left-hand side of the plate is a portrait of his brother-in-law, Alexander Grimaldi. Most of the numerous heads and figures are portraits. A plate of the bust of Cicero at Oxford (known as the Pomfret bust) also enjoyed a wide vogue.
In April 1754 Worlidge caused a large collection of his works to be sold by public auction. The printed catalogue bore the title, ‘A Collection of Pictures painted by Mr. Worlidge of Covent Garden, consisting’ ‘of Histories, Heads, Landscapes, and Dead Game, and also some Drawings.’ The highest price fetched was 51l. 15s. 6d., which was given for a ‘fine head’ after Rembrandt. In 1763 he settled in Great Queen Street in a large house built by Inigo Jones. It adjoined the present site of the Freemasons' Tavern. The previous occupiers included Sir Godfrey Kneller and Sir Joshua Reynolds. In his last years he spent much of his leisure in a country house situated in Messrs. Kennedy & Leigh's ‘nursery-ground’ at Hammersmith. There he died on 23 Sept. 1766, and was buried in Hammersmith church. A plain marble slab, inscribed with verses by Dr. William Kenrick [q. v.], was placed on the wall of the church; it is now at the east end of the south aisle. More than sixteen hundred prints and more than thirteen hundred drawings by Worlidge were sold by Langford in March 1767 by order of his widow and executrix.
Worlidge's last work was a series of 182 etchings of gems from the antique (three are in duplicate). The series was published in parts, some of which seem to have been issued as early as 1754; but Worlidge died before the work was completed. It was finished by his pupils William Grimaldi [q. v.] and George Powle, and, being printed on satin, was published by his widow in 1768 at the price of eighteen guineas a copy. In its original shape the volume bore the title, ‘A select Collection of Drawings from curious antique Gems, most of them in the possession of the Nobility and Gentry of this Kingdom, etched after the manner of Rembrandt by T. Worlidge, printed by Dryden Leach for M. Worlidge, Great Queen Street, Lincolns Inn Fields; and M. Wicksteed, Seal-engraver at Bath, MD.CCLXVIII’ (8vo). The frontispiece, dated in 1754, shows Worlidge drawing the Pomfret bust of Cicero; behind on an easel is a portrait of his second wife, Mary. No letterpress was included originally in the volume, but between 1768 and 1780 a few copies were issued with letterpress. After 1780 a new edition in quarto, deceptively bearing the original date of 1768, appeared with letterpress in two volumes at five guineas each. The title-page omits mention of ‘M. Wicksteed's’ name, but is otherwise a replica of the first. Some of the old copper plates (108 in all) were reproduced in ‘Antique Gems, etched by T. Worlidge on Copper Plates, in the Possession of Sheffield Grace, Esq.,’ London, 1823, 4to (privately printed). Charles William King in his ‘Antique Gems’ (1872, i. 469) says that Worlidge's plates, though displaying incredible labour, are often inferior to those of Spilsbury in catching the spirit of the originals, and the descriptions placed below contain ridiculous misnomers. As with most of the connoisseurs of his day, Worlidge's taste was not sufficiently educated to enable him to distinguish a genuine from a spurious antique.
Worlidge, who is said to have been handsome in youth, was extremely corpulent in later life. He was hot-tempered, habitually employing strong language, gluttonous, and often drunk; on one occasion a drunken debauch in which he took a prominent part lasted three whole days and nights. Careless in dress, he was recklessly extravagant in money matters. Latterly he was a martyr to the gout.
Worlidge was thrice married: first, to Arabella (b. 1709), daughter of Alessandro Grimaldi (d. 1732); she died before 1749. The name of his second wife was Mary. He married in 1763 his third wife, Elizabeth Wicksteed, a young woman of great personal attractions, daughter of a toyman of Bath, and apparently sister of a well-known seal-engraver there. She assisted Worlidge in his ​artistic work, and gained a reputation for herself by her skill in copying paintings in needlework. After Worlidge's death she carried on the sale of his etchings at his house in Great Queen Street; but she let the mansion to Mrs. Darby and her daughter, Mary Robinson ('Perdita') [q. v.], on her marriage to a wine and spirit merchant named Ashley, who had been one of Worlidge's intimate friends. Worlidge is said to have had thirty-two children by his three marriages, but only Thomas, a son by his third wife, survived him. This son married, in 1787, Phoebe, daughter of Alexander Grimaldi (1714−1800); she was buried in Bunhill Fields on 14 Jan. 1829. Her husband migrated to the West Indies in 1792. In March 1826 he was again in London, and while employed as compositor in the office of the ‘Morning Advertiser’ was sent to prison for an assault. His father drew a portrait of him, which bore the title ‘A Boy's Head.’
Worlidge drew a pencil portrait of himself, which is reproduced in Walpole's ‘Anecdotes’ (ed. Wornum).
Many examples of Worlidge's drawings and etchings are in the British Museum print-room. There is also there a priced catalogue of a selection of his etchings.
[Notes supplied by the Rev. A. B. Grimaldi; Stacey Grimaldi's Miscellaneous Writings, ed. A. B. Grimaldi, 1884, iv. 638; Walpole's Anecdotes of Painting, ed. Wornum, ii. 334 sq., with portrait; Gent. Mag. 1766; Fuseli's Anecdotes; Strutt's Dict. of Engravers; Bryan's Dict. of Artists.]