OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Jacob Baradæus

From volume 2 of the work.
A Syrian Monophysite bishop, born in Tella, towards the end of the fifth or the beginning of the sixth century, died in 578. He was the son of Theophilus bar Manu, a priest of Tella, and hence his real name was Jacob bar Theophilus; the surname Burde'ana, corrupted into Baradæus, was derived from the coarse horse-cloth barda'than which he usually wore. After receiving a good education he became a monk in the monastery of Pesíltâ, and a disciple of Severus, the head of the Monophysites. In the first half of the sixth century, Monophysitism. weakened by internal dissensions and by the opposition of the Emperor Justinian, was on the verge of disappearing, especially when its leader Severus died, 538. Probably through the influence of the Empress Theodora, Baradæus was made Bishop of Edessa in 543, and henceforth devoted all his energies to the defence of Monophysitism. Through his untiring activity he breathed a new life into what seemed a mere expiring faction. At the cost of great hardship, he went around ordaining priests and deacons and strengthening his coreligionists. There exists a profession of faith addressed to him by the abbots of the province of Arabia, with 137 signatures (see Lamy, in "Actes du XIe Congrès des Orientalistes", §4, Paris, 1897) showing that he was the undisputed leader in Monophysite circles. It is because of his prominence that the Monophysites were, and still are, called after his name, Jacobites. Baradæus has left very little in writing: a liturgy, and a few letters.
The main source for the life of Baradæus is JOHN OF EPHESUS, Ecclesiastical History, the third part of which has been published by CURETON (Oxford, 1853), and Lives of the Oriental Saints, LAND ed. in his Anecdota Syriaca, II, 249-257; DUVAL, Littérature Syriaque (2nd ed., Paris, 1900); KLEYN, Jacobus Baradæus (Leyden, 1882).
R. BUTIN
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Jacob Keller

From volume 8 of the work.
Controversialist, born at Sackingen, Baden, Germany, in 1568; died at Munich, Bavaria, 23 February, 1631. After entering the Society of Jesus in 1589 and completing his studies, he taught the classics at Freiburg and was professor of philosophy and of moral and dogmatic theology at Ingolstadt. He was appointed rector of the college of Ratisbon in 1605, and of the college of Munich in 1607, which post he held until 1623. In 1628 he was reappointed to the rectorship of Munich, and was still holding the office when a stroke of apoplexy ended his life. Besides his literary and scholastic attainments (for he was regarded as a genius), he possessed uncommon executive ability, and in spite of his extreme humility was consulted not only by his religious superiors, but also by Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria, who often sought his advice and entrusted to his care affairs of moment, which he discharged with much success.
His principal works are: "Tyrannicidium" (Munich, 1611) and "Catholisch Pabsttumb" (Munich, 1614). The former, which appeared both in German and Latin, was an answer to certain calumnies printed by a Calvinist with reference to the teaching of the Society of Jesus on the subject of Tyrannicide. Father Keller showed that the Jesuit teaching was no other than that of the greatest theologians, both Catholic and Protestant. The work on the papacy was a reply to aspersions cast on the Holy See by Jacob Heilbrunner, and is a veritable treasure-house of answers to the objections of Protestants. It was followed by a public debated between Keller and Heilbrunner, in which the latter was completely silenced. Keller published fourother works which were the last word on the subject, and left his adversary utterly defeated. Among his other works are: "Ludovicus IV Imperator defensus contra Bzovium" (Munster, 1618), a work of real historical value; "Vita R.P. Petri Canisii". Of local rather than general interest are a number of other polemical writings, e.g. "Litura seu castigatio Cancellariae Hispanicae a Ludovico Camerario, Excancellario Bohemico, Exconciliario Heidelbergensii . . . instructae"; "An der theil Anhaldischer Cancellay"; "Tubus Galilaeanus"; "Rhabarbarum domandae bili quam in apolgiae sua proritavit Ludov. Camerarius propinatum". He published a large number of other writings, sometimes under his own, sometimes under an assumed name, mostly controversial.
J. H. Fisher.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Jacob of Jüterbogk

From volume 8 of the work.
(In the world BENEDICT STOLZENHAGEN).
Theologian and canonist, born of poor parents near Jüterbogk, Brandenburg, Germany, 1381; died at Erfurt in 1465. In 1401 he entered the Cistercian monastery of Paradies, in Poland; hence his names Jacobus de Polonia, Jacobus de Paradiso, and Jacobus Cisterciensis. Being sent to the University of Krakow by his abbot, he obtained the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and Theology, and thereafter became professor theology and preacher at that university. Displeased at the loose discipline of his order, he entered the Carthusian monastery at Erfurt in 1441, taught canon law at the university of that place for many years, and was elected rector in 1456. From the time of his entrance into the Carthusian Order he is often called Jacobus Carthusianus, Jacobus de Clusa, and Jacobus de Ergordia. He was full of zeal for reform in the Church, and in some of his writings severely criticizes Italian ecclesiastics for bestowing responsible benefices upon incapable and unworthy persons. Like many other great men of his time, he advocated the so-called conciliar theory, that a general council is above the pope.
He is the author of about eighty treatises, mostly on theological and canonical subjects. The following twelve of his works have been printed: "Quodlibetum statuum humanorum", a sort of treatise on moral theology explaining the obligations of men in the various states of life; "Tractatus de animabus erutis a corporibus", an interesting treatise on the condition of the human soul after death — seven editions of this work were published; "De valore Missarum pro defunctis celebratarum" (the preceding three incunabula contain neither place nor date of publication; the first came out at Esslingen in 1475, the second at Erfurt about 1463, the third in 1493 at an unknown place). "De causis multarum passionum", edited by Pez in "Bibliotheca ascetica" (Ratisbon, 1835), VII, 389-444; "De indulgentiis", a dogmatically correct treatise on indulgences, edited by Walch in "Monumenta inedita medii aevi" (Göttingen, 1764), II, ii, 163 sq.; "Petitiones religiosorum pro reformatione sui status", edited by Klüpfel in "Vetus Biblioth. ecclesiastica" (Freiburg im Br., 1780), 146 sq.; "De negligentia praelatorum", edited by Walch, loc. cit., I, fasc. 4; "Avisamentum ad papam pro reformatione ecclesiae", a memorial addressed to Pope Nicholas V, in which the author urges a reform in the Church, edited by Klupfel, loc. cit., 134 sq.; "De septem statibus ecclesiae", edited by Walch, loc. cit., II, fasc. 2; "Sermones dominicales" (date and place of publication unknown); "De erroribus et moribus Christianorum" (Lubeck, 1488); "Lavacrum conscientiae" (Cologne, 1506), of which more than nine editions were published in the fifteenth century.
MICHAEL OTT
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Jacopo Della Quercia

From volume 12 of the work.
Sculptor, born (it is said) at Quercia Grossa, near Siena, 1374; died 20 October, 1438. His father, a goldsmith, taught him design. When about sixteen he made an equestrian wooden statue for the funeral of Azzo Ubaldini; he is believed to have left Siena soon after this, owing to party strife and disturbances. In 1401 he reappeared in Florence, a competitor for the gates of S. Giovanni (assigned to Ghiberti); in 1408 he executed in Ferrara various sculptures, notably the Madonna of the Pomegranate. One of his most exquisite work, the tomb of Ilaria del Carretto, second wife of Paolo Guinigi, in the Cathedral of Lucca dates about 1413. The Gothic altar-piece at S Frediano, Lucca, with figures of Our Lady and saints (c. 1416) is by him. He spent ten years on his Fonte Gaia, in the Piazza del Campo, Siena; it has figures of Our Lady and of the theological and cardinal virtues, reliefs of the creation of man and expulsion from paradise, and various water-spouting animal forms. The fountain was restored by Tito Sarocchi in 1868. Also in Siena (Baptistery of S. Giovanni) is the font made from Jacopo's designs (1417-30). The surmounting statuette, the Baptist, the marble reliefs of the Prophets, and one of the six bronze-gilt panels (Zacharias led out of the Temple) are from his hand. A very important work is the great doorway of S. Petronio, Bologna, with fifteen bas-reliefs from Genesis (1425-38). Raphael and Michelangelo are both indebted to these sculptures. In the ambulatory of S. Giacomo, Bologna, is the monument of Antonio Bentivoglio (d. 1435). The mandorla of the Assumption, Sta Maria del Fiore, Florence, has been claimed for Jacopo, but modern authorities give it to Nanni del Banco. The forms of Jacopa are highly tactile, graceful, and animated.
M. L. Handley.
# Chapters From the New Apocrypha/The Sin of the Nations

Published in the March 14, 1895 edition of The Open Court.
Now, a certain Herodian, who was among them whom Jesus confounded with a penny, Came unto him privily by night, and saith unto him: Master, I was with them this day who asked thee if it were lawful to render tribute unto Cæsar; And I heard thee say, Inasmuch as the penny hath Cæsar's image and superscription that they should render therefore unto Cæsar the things that be Cæsar's. Behold, the people are despoiled by the publicans; they give tithes of all they possess; And their masters bear rule over them. They take reward against the innocent; they devour widows' houses; And keep back by fraud the hire of them who reap down their fields. Tell me, Master, is the penny Cæsar's? Then Jesus, answering, saith unto the Herodian, Why didst thou not say these things unto me in the day; and why comest thou privily by night? Verily, I know why thou hast come privily, for thou fearest the powers that be. And the powers that be are ordained of God. For God is spirit, and giveth to every man the reward of his own doing. Unto the peaceful He giveth peace; unto the righteous He giveth righteousness; unto the faithful He giveth faith; And unto the nations also He giveth rulers and governors. And they shall rule the people with a rod of iron. For the sin of their slavery is upon them: upon the sinner the sin of himself, and upon the nations their sin. Lo! now, I say unto thee, seek peace, cleave to righteousness, be ye faithful; Remember the fatherless; plead the cause of the widow; heal the broken-hearted. And this is my cause,—the cause of Him that sent me, that I have made mine own: To point the way, to live the life, and that in me the truth should live. Lo! the day cometh when the nations shall be purified; when they shall not make war any more, and none shall molest or make afraid. For with my stripes shall they be healed, and I shall be an example unto them, In a way they think not, and in a time they wot not of. But peace shall prevail because of the sword, and mercy shall come because of the death of the just. For without shedding of blood is no remission of the sin of the nations. God is not the God of the dead, but of the living. And when my Gospel shall be published among all nations; The crooked shall be made straight, and the rough ways shall be made smooth; And I will pour out my spirit upon all flesh; and in my righteousness shall the nations be exalted. And I will put down all rule and all authority and power, and God, even the living God that abideth in you, shall be all in all.
# Chapters From the New Apocrypha/Who Is His Mother?

Published in the August 17, 1893 edition of The Open Court.
While Jesus sat at meat in the house of one of his disciples a certain lawyer came unto him. And there came also in with him a woman. And the lawyer said unto Jesus, Behold this woman whom thou seest is mother unto him with whom thou sittest at meat. She is now old and well stricken in years, insomuch that she can no longer labor, and she hath none to provide for her. And thy disciple suffereth not his mother to come into his house. I pray thee, therefore, to command him to harken unto the voice of this woman, that she abide with him so long as she liveth. Jesus said unto the disciple, Is this woman thy mother? Then the disciple answering said unto Jesus, Master, she it was indeed who gave me birth. But after I was born she left me to follow a life of pleasure, and another took me in and cared for me. And that other lyeth ill even now in an upper chamber of this mine house, and I minister unto her daily and comfort her. Jesus saith unto the lawyer, Thou hast heard what has been said—what sayest thou? Then the lawyer answered, Can a man have two mothers? This woman whom I have brought unto thee, she is his mother. Jesus saith unto him, Nay, not so. After the fashion of this world was he born of her. That which is born of flesh is flesh. She gave him body and he shall give unto her meat. But unto her who gave him love shall he give love; and who gave him a home in his youth shall he give a home in her old age. For verily I say unto you, she only is a mother who is motherly. Love only is love that is lovely. God only is God being godly. And I only am Christ being christly.
# Chapters on Jewish Literature

* related portals: Judaism, Hebrew language and literature.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Wikidata item.
Layout 2
JEWISH LITERATURE
CHAPTERS
ON
JEWISH LITERATURE
BY
ISRAEL ABRAHAMS, M. A.
Author of “Jewish Life in the Middle Ages”
PHILADELPHIA
The Jewish Publication Society of America
1899
Copyright, 1899, by
The Jewish Publication Society of America
The Lord Baltimore Press
THE FRIEDENWALD COMPANY
BALTIMORE, MD., U. S. A.
CONTENTS
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
The longest-living author of this work died in 1925, so this work is in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 98 years or less. This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Clayton v. United States

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
384 U.S. 156
Clayton v. United States
Thomas Wade Bruton, Atty. Gen. of North Carolina, Peyton B. Abbott, Deputy Atty. Gen., and Charles D. Barham, Jr., Asst. Atty. Gen., for appellant.
Solicitor General Marshall, Acting Assistant Attorney General Roberts, I. Henry Kutz and Robert A. Bernstein, for the United States.
PER CURIAM.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Clayton v. Utah

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
132 U.S. 632
Clayton v. Utah
Eppa Hunton, Jeff. Chandler, J. G. Sutherland and J. R. McBride, for appellant.
P. L. Williams and The U.S. Attorney General, for appellees.
MILLER, J.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Clayton Chemical & Packaging Company v. United States

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
383 U.S. 821
CLAYTON CHEMICAL AND PACKAGING CO. v. UNITED STATES.
John Joseph McDermott and John D. Rode, for petitioner.
Solicitor General Marshall, for the United States.
Joseph Schwartz, for the Association of the Customs Bar, New York, N.Y., as amicus curiae.
PER CURIAM.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Clayton v. United States/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
United States Supreme Court
384 U.S. 156
Clayton v. United States
The motion to dismiss is granted and the appeal is dismissed for want of jurisdiction. American Insurance Co. v. Lucas, 314 U.S. 575, 62 S.Ct. 107, 86 L.Ed. 466; Public Service Commission of State of Mo. v. Brashear Lines, 306 U.S. 204, 59 S.Ct. 480, 83 L.Ed. 608.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Columbia Journalism Review/Volume 2

* Issue 1
* Issue 2 (transcription project)
* Issue 3 (transcription project)
* Issue 4 (under copyright)
​COLUMBIA JOURNALISM summer 1963 REVIEW
Columbia Journalism Review is published quarterly under auspices of
ARTICLES
the faculty, alumni, and friends of 6 S : : ss : ? ? Smoking and news: coverage of a decade of controvers
the Graduate School of Journalism, ga 8 f y
Columbia University. 24 Sunday magazines: end of an era. William A. Hachten
Dean and editorial chairman: Ed- 39 Procrustes’ bed. Dallas S. Townsend, Jr. ward W. Barrett. Managing editor:
James Boylan.
Chairman, publishing committee:
Louis G. Cowan. Business manager: §TAREF REPORT
Robert O. Shipman. Production supervisor: Monroe Lesser. 13 Suburb and city: competitors for the metropolitan reader
Advisory editors: Richard T. Baker, John Foster, Jr., John Hohenberg, Penn T. Kimball, J. Ben Lieberman, Samuel Lubell, John Luter, Melvin Mencher, Lawrence D. Pinkham, Louis M. Starr, William A. Wood, Frederick T. C. Yu.
Art assistant: Burton Wenk. Production assistant: Lois Ireland. Typography by Weltz Ad Service.
AROUND THE MAP
29 Birmingham: newspapers in a crisis 33 Kansas City: the fetish of non-partisanism 34 Detroit: on the job market
DEPARTMENTS
Volume II, Number 2, Summer, 1963. Published four times a year by the Graduate School of Journalism, Columbia University, New York, N.Y. Editorial and business offices: 504 Journalism Building, Columbia University, New York 27, N.Y. ©
36 Washington letter: diggers and toilers. Ben H. Bagdikian 1963 Graduate School of Journalism, Columbia University.
41 Second reading: How far have we come? A view from 1911
Passing comment: views of the editors
Subscription rates: $6.00 a year. 46 Editorial notebook Single copy: $1.75. Add 50¢ a year = 47 ~~ Books, Edited by Louis M. Starr for subscriptions going outside the
United States and United States 51
    Topics in journalism
possessions.
52 Unfinished business: letters and comment Second-class postage paid at New York, N.Y. oF the lower case
# Columbia Mill Company v. Alcorn

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
150 U.S. 460
Columbia Mill Company v. Alcorn
P. H. Gunckle, for appellant.
Mr. Justice JACKSON delivered the opinion of the court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Columbia Journalism Review/Volume 2/Issue 1

One article, that by Ben H. Bagdikian, remains under copyright in the United States until 1959 and will be omitted from the transcription. See here for further information.
COLUMBIA
JOURNALISM
REVIEW
Spring, 1963
IN THIS ISSUE:
New York: What happened in the newspaper strike
    I. Broadcasting and the interim press
    II. Effects on city government—a special report
    III. Negotiations: text of A. H. Raskin’s account
Washington: How a “backgrounder” went wrong ​
   ... to assess the performance of journalism in all its forms, to call attention to its shortcomings and strengths, and to help define—or redefine—standards of honest, responsible service...
   ...to help stimulate continuing improvement in the profession and to speak out for what is right, fair, and decent.
COLUMBIA JOURNALISM REVIEW
Columbia Journalism Review is published quarterly under auspices of the faculty, alumni, and friends of the Graduate School of Journalism, Columbia University.
Dean and editorial chairman: Edward W. Barrett. Managing editor: James Boylan.
Chairman, publishing committee: Louis G. Cowan. Business manager: Robert O. Shipman. Production supervisor: Monroe Lesser.
Advisory editors: Richard T. Baker, John Foster, Jr., Robert Hewes, John Hohenberg, Penn T. Kimball, J. Ben Lieberman, Samuel Lubell, John Luter,Melvin Mencher, Lawrence D. Pinkham, Louis M. Starr, William A. Wood, Frederick T. C. Yu.
Art assistant: Burton Wenk. Production assistant: Lois Ireland. Circulation assistant: Joan Moravek. Typography by Weltz Ad Service.
Volume II, Number 1, Spring, 1963. Published four times a year by the Graduate School of Journalism, Columbia University, New York, N.Y. Editorial and business offices: 504 Journalism Building, Columbia University, New York 27, N.Y. © 1963 Graduate School of Journalism, Columbia University.
Subscription rates: $6.00 a year. Single copy: $1.75. Add 50¢ a year for subscriptions going outside the United States and United States possessions.
Second-class postage paid at New York, N.Y.
THE NEW YORK STRIKE
5 Staff report: Blackout journalism
13 A. H. Raskin’s story of the strike (complete text)
28 Public policy in a newspaper strike. Clayton Knowles and Richard P. Hunt
AROUND THE MAP
35 Cleveland: strike on TV. Daniel R. Hackel
37 Portland: a strike paper that lasts and lasts. Gene Klare
40 Manchester: Teddy v. Loeb
FICTION
47 The Computeriter revolution. Edward Edelson
AT ISSUE
53 Who wants documentaries? Merrill Panitt, Marya Mannes, Reuven Frank, Don Hewitt
DEPARTMENTS
2 Passing comment: views of the editors
34 Editorial notebook
42 Washington letter: The President nonspeaks. Ben H. Bagdikian
50 Books. Edited by Louis M. Starr
52 Second reading: The origin of Time
57 Topics in journalism
59 Unfinished business: letters and follow-up comment
65 the lower case