OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The New Student's Reference Work/Conjugation

See also the disclaimer.
​Conjuga′tion. A process of fertilization occurring in certain of the lower plants (Thallophytes), in which the sexual cells (gametes) which unite to form the spore are alike in appearance, there being no distinction of male and female.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Conkling, Roscoe

See also Roscoe Conkling on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Conk′ling, Roscoe, American politician, was born at Albany, N. Y., Oct. 30, 1829; and died at New York, April 18, 1888. In 1846 he removed to Utica, N. Y., where he became district attorney, and was mayor in 1858. He was elected to Congress, and in 1879 to the Senate. In the practical business of both houses he took an active and prominent part, serving on important committees, and was instrumental in securing much useful legislation. He took an active part in the reconstruction of the southern states, and advocated resumption of specie-payments. He opposed President Johnson's policy and zealous championed Grant's administration; and in June, 1880, nominated Grant for a third term. In 1881 he resigned his seat in the senate, owing to Garfield's exercise of control over appointments in his native state. In 1882 he was appointed associate-justice of the supreme court but declined. See his Life and Letters.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Congo, The

See also Congo River on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Con′go, The, is the great river of equatorial Africa and the second largest river in the world. Its mouth was discovered by Diego Cam in 1482, who set up there a pillar and called it the Pillar River. The Portuguese following him did not go far into the interior, and called it the Zaire, a native word meaning “the river.” The country thereabout was called the Congo, and the mapmakers gave the name to the river. Captain Tuckey, in 1816, wished to see if it was not a mouth of the Niger, and with his boats went up the first navigable part, 110 miles; but many of his men sickened and died, and for half a century the river was avoided by all but the hardy slave-traders. Livingstone, between 1867 and 1871, while exploring between Lakes Nyasa and Tanganyika, found a large river flowing to the north, which he thought to be the Nile. Five years later, Stanley, exploring in the same lake-region, gazed on the mighty stream, and, following its course to its mouth, proved it to be the Congo. Lake Bangweolo is the reservoir from which the Congo issues, called there the Luapula. Flowing north, it widens into Lake Moero; from here, as far as Nyangwe, its name is the Lualaba; from Nyangwe to Stanley Falls Stanley named it the Livingstone; and from Stanley Falls to its mouth it is known as the Congo. It is 3,000 miles long, and drains an area of 1,600,000 square miles. It discharges a body of water into the Atlantic second only m volume to the Amazon. Its two largest branches are the Kasai from the south and the Mobangi from the north. The Congo is divided into the lower, the middle and the upper river. The lower river is navigable for its entire length up to the rapids, a distance of 110 miles, for steamers of 18-foot draught; the middle river is un-navigable through the cataract region, extending 255 miles to Stanley Pool. The upper river, as far as Stanley Falls, is navigable for 1,068 miles to steamers of four-foot draught.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Conidia

See also Conidium on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
* CONIDIA
Conid′ia (in plants), asexual spores of certain fungi, which are formed by cutting off a series of cells from special branches of the mycelium, resulting in more or less extensive chains of spores which separate easily. Such spores are well displayed by the mildews and the æcidium forms of rusts. They are often called conidiospores. The singular of the name is conidium.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Conifers

See also Pinophyta on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Co′nifers, the greatest group of living gymnosperms, containing such plants as the pines, spruces, hemlocks, firs, redwoods, cedars, cypresses, junipers, yews. The species are characteristic of the temperate regions of the northern and southern hemispheres, and are almost entirely absent from the tropics. Among them are some of the most valuable timber-trees, and the yearly inroads upon them for lumber, unless properly controlled, will result presently in their extinction. Their most characteristic features are the central shaft which never breaks up into branches, the evergreen needle-leaves, the cones and the soft and very evenly-grained wood. They are a very ancient group, their remains occurring in great abundance in the earlier rocks. See Gymnosperms.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Connaught, Arthur, Duke of

See also Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Connaught, Arthur, Duke of, Governor General of Canada (1911-), is the third son of the late Queen Victoria of England. Both in character and attainments, the duke is regarded as eminently qualified for the chief executive of the Dominion. Before his appointment he had served with distinction in the British army, traveled widely and availed himself of the opportunity to study the affairs of the empire at first hand. He was born in 1850. The duchess was Princess Louise of Prussia. The duke commanded the Guards brigade at Tel-el-Kebir and was mentioned three times in the dispatches.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Congo Free State

See also Congo Free State on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Congo Free State grew out of the International Association, which was formed in 1878 with King Leopold of Belgium at its head. The European powers recognized the state in 1885, and in 1890 its territories were declared inalienable, though a convention between Belgium and the Independent State reserved to the former the right of annexing the latter after a period of ten years. In 1901 this right was renewed. Treaties with various interested nations have defined the boundaries. It has a narrow seacoast, with the Congo as its northern boundary, and in the interior widens north and south, extending to Lakes Albert Edward and Tanganyika. It is governed by an official living in the country and by another at Brussels under the headship of King Leopold. The people of the Congo basin are of the Bantu race. They are harmless, and born traders, and are lighter in color than the Sudanese. The European population in 1910 numbered 3,399, chiefly Belgians, Portuguese, Italians, English and Americans. The chief districts are Boma, Bangala, Aruwimi, Lualaba, Kwango, Equator, Ubangi and Stanley Pool. The area is estimated at 900,000 square miles. Population possibly 15,000,000 or 16,000,000.
There has been a rapid expansion of commerce, and it is being pushed and developed with full regard for the welfare of the country. In 1905 the imports were 45,961,295 francs and exports 121,573,949 francs. (The franc is about 19 cents.)
The chief imports are fabrics, food, machinery, steamboats, drink, metals, arms and ammunition; the exports consist of rubber, ivory, palm-nuts and oil, white copal, coffee and cocoa. Tobacco is being successfully grown. A railway of about 250 miles connects Matadi with Stanley Pool. A local railway of 50 miles is open for traffic in Mayumbe, and a Belgian company is constructing 900 miles of railway from the Congo ​at Stanleyville and Nyangwe to Lakes Albert and Tanganyika. Over 100 miles of this already are open. Thirty-two steamers ply the upper Congo. Telegraph lines connect Boma and the Equator by way of Leopoldville, 744 miles long, Kasonga and Baroka on Lake Tanganyika, 200 miles, Lisala and Umangi, 14 miles, and some 50 miles in Mayumbe, a total of 1,008 miles.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Conjugate Plants

See also the disclaimer.
* CONJUGATION OF TWO FILAMENTS OF SPIROGYRA
Con′jugate Plants, a group of the green algae, in which different plants become united together by connecting tubes, through which fertilization is effected. The common pond-scum or Spirogyra is an example. See Chlorophyceæ.
# The Pleasures of England (1888)

Delivered in 1884. Ed. 1888.
THE
PLEASURES OF ENGLAND.
Lectures given in Oxford.
BY
JOHN RUSKIN, D.C.L., LL.D.,
HONORARY STUDENT OF CHRIST CHURCH, AND HONORARY FELLOW OF CORPUS-CHRISTI COLLEGE,
DURING HIS
SECOND TENURE OF THE SLADE PROFESSORSHIP.
NEW YORK: JOHN WILEY AND SONS. 1888.
CONTENTS.
LECTURE I. :
| The Pleasures of Learning. | Bertha to Osburga | PAGE 5 |
| LECTURE II. |||
| The Pleasures of Faith. | Alfred to the Confessor | 31 |
| LECTURE III. |||
| The Pleasures of Deed. | Alfred to Cœur de Lion | 61 |
| LECTURE IV. |||
| The Pleasures of Fancy. | Cœur de Lion to Elizabeth | 91 |
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The Pleasing art of money-catching

* The Pleasing Art of Money-Catching (n.d.), a chapbook printed in
* The Pleasing Art of Money-Catching (n.d.), a chapbook printed in
* The Pleasing Art of Money-Catching (n.d.), a chapbook printed in Falkirk
* The Pleasing Art of Money-Catching (1840), a chapbook printed in Falkirk
* The Pleasing Art of Money-Catching (n.d.), a chapbook printed in
* The Pleasing Art of Money-Catching (n.d.), a chapbook printed in Glasgow
* The Pleasing Art of Money-Catching (n.d.), a chapbook printed in Glasgow
* The Pleasing Art of Money-Catching (n.d.), a chapbook printed in
# The Pleasures of Imagination (Akenside, 1744)

THE
PLEASURES
OF
IMAGINATION.
A
POEM.
IN THREE BOOKS.
Ἀσεβοῦς μέν ἐστιν ἀνθρώπου τὰς παρὰ τοῦ θεοῦ χάριτας ἀτιμαζεῖν.
Epict. apud Arrian, II. 23.
LONDON,
Printed for R. Dodsley at Tully's-Head in Pall-Mall. M.DCC.XLIV.
page
* The Design
* Book 1
* Book 2
* Book 3
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The Poems of Oscar Wilde/Impression du Matin

WIND FLOWERS
IMPRESSION DU MATIN
The Thames nocturne of blue and gold Changed to a Harmony in grey: A barge with ochre-coloured hay Dropt from the wharf: and chill and cold
The yellow fog came creeping down The bridges, till the houses' walls Seemed changed to shadows and St. Paul's Loomed like a bubble o'er the town.
Then suddenly arose the clang Of waking life; the streets were stirred With country waggons: and a bird Flew to the glistening roofs and sang.
But one pale woman all alone, The daylight kissing her wan hair, Loitered beneath the gas lamps' flare, With lips of flame and heart of stone.
# The Poems of Oscar Wilde/In the Forest

IN THE FOREST
Out of the mid-wood's twilight Into the meadow's dawn, Ivory limbed and brown-eyed, Flashes my Faun!
He skips through the copses singing, And his shadow dances along, And I know not which I should follow, Shadow or song!
O Hunter, snare me his shadow! O Nightingale, catch me his strain! Else moonstruck with music and madness I track him in vain!
# The Poems of Oscar Wilde/Impression: Le Réveillon

THE FOURTH MOVEMENT
IMPRESSION
LE RÉVEILLON
The sky is laced with fitful red, The circling mists and shadows flee, The dawn is rising from the sea, Like a white lady from her bed.
And jagged brazen arrows fall Athwart the feathers of the night, And a long wave of yellow light Breaks silently on tower and hall,
And spreading wide across the wold Wakes into flight some fluttering bird, And all the chestnut tops are stirred, And all the branches streaked with gold.
# The Poems of Oscar Wilde/In the Gold Room: A Harmony

IN THE GOLD ROOM
A HARMONY
Her ivory hands on the ivory keys Strayed in a fitful fantasy, Like the silver gleam when the poplar trees Rustle their pale leaves listlessly, Or the drifting foam of a restless sea When the waves show their teeth in the flying breeze.
Her gold hair fell on the wall of gold Like the delicate gossamer tangles spun On the burnished disk of the marigold, Or the sunflower turning to meet the sun When the gloom of the dark blue night is done, And the spear of the lily is aureoled.
And her sweet red lips on these lips of mine Burned like the ruby fire set In the swinging lamp of a crimson shrine, Or the bleeding wounds of the pomegranate, Or the heart of the lotus drenched and wet With the spilt-out blood of the rose-red wine.
# The Poems of Oscar Wilde/La Mer

II
LA MER
A white mist drifts across the shrouds, A wild moon in this wintry sky Gleams like an angry lion's eye Out of a mane of tawny clouds.
The muffled steersman at the wheel Is but a shadow in the gloom;— And in the throbbing engine room Leap the long rods of polished steel.
The shattered storm has left its trace Upon this huge and heaving dome, For the thin threads of yellow foam Float on the waves like ravelled lace.
# The Poems of Oscar Wilde/Hélas

POEMS
HÉLAS!
To drift with every passion till my soul Is a stringed lute on which all winds can play, Is it for this that I have given away Mine ancient wisdom, and austere control? Methinks my life is a twice-written scroll Scrawled over on some boyish holiday With idle songs for pipe and virelay, Which do but mar the secret of the whole. Surely there was a time I might have trod The sunlit heights, and from life's dissonance Struck one clear chord to reach the ears of God: Is that time dead? lo! with a little rod I did but touch the honey of romance— And must I lose a soul's inheritance?
# The Poems of Oscar Wilde/Impression de Voyage

IMPRESSION DE VOYAGE
The sea was sapphire coloured, and the sky Burned like a heated opal through the air; We hoisted sail; the wind was blowing fair For the blue lands that to the eastward lie. From the steep prow I marked with quickening eye Zakynthos, every olive grove and creek, Ithaca's cliff, Lycaon's snowy peak, And all the flower-strewn hills of Arcady. The flapping of the sail against the mast, The ripple of the water on the side, The ripple of girls' laughter at the stern, The only sounds:—when 'gan the West to burn, And a red sun upon the seas to ride, I stood upon the soil of Greece at last!
Katakolo.
# The Poems of Oscar Wilde/Italia

ITALIA
Italia! thou art fallen, though with sheen Of battle-spears thy clamorous armies stride From the north Alps to the Sicilian tide! Ay! fallen, though the nations hail thee Queen Because rich gold in every town is seen, And on thy sapphire-lake in tossing pride Of wind-filled vans thy myriad galleys ride Beneath one flag of red and white and green. O Fair and Strong! O Strong and Fair in vain! Look southward where Rome's desecrated town Lies mourning for her God-anointed King! Look heaven-ward! shall God allow this thing? Nay! but some flame-girt Raphael shall come down, And smite the Spoiler with the sword of pain.
Venice.
# The Poems of Oscar Wilde/La Fuite de la Lune

II
LA FUITE DE LA LUNE
To outer senses there is peace, A dreamy peace on either hand, Deep silence in the shadowy land, Deep silence where the shadows cease.
Save for a cry that echoes shrill From some lone bird disconsolate; A corncrake calling to its mate; The answer from the misty hill.
And suddenly the moon withdraws Her sickle from the lightening skies, And to her sombre cavern flies, Wrapped in a veil of yellow gauze.
# The Poems of Oscar Wilde/La Bella Donna della mia Mente

LA BELLA DONNA DELLA MIA MENTE
My limbs are wasted with a flame, My feet are sore with travelling, For, calling on my Lady's name, My lips have now forgot to sing.
O Linnet in the wild-rose brake Strain for my Love thy melody, O Lark sing louder for love's sake, My gentle Lady passeth by.
O almond-blossoms bend adown Until ye reach her drooping head; O twining branches weave a crown Of apple-blossoms white and red.
She is too fair for any man To see or hold his heart's delight, Fairer than Queen or courtesan Or moon-lit water in the night.
Her hair is bound with myrtle leaves, (Green leaves upon her golden hair!) Green grasses through the yellow sheaves Of autumn corn are not more fair.
​Her little lips, more made to kiss Than to cry bitterly for pain, Are tremulous as brook-water is, Or roses after evening rain.
Her neck is like white melilote Flushing for pleasure of the sun, The throbbing of the linnet's throat Is not so sweet to look upon.
As a pomegranate, cut in twain, White-seeded, is her crimson mouth, Her cheeks are as the fading stain Where the peach reddens to the south.
O twining hands! O delicate White body made for love and pain! O House of love! O desolate Pale flower beaten by the rain!
God can bring Winter unto May, And change the sky to flame and blue, Or summer corn to gold from grey: One thing alone He cannot do.
He cannot change my love to hate, Or make thy face less fair to see, Though now He knocketh at the gate With life and death—for you and me.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Pearl Harbor

See also Naval Station Pearl Harbor on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​ Pearl Harbor, on the southern coast of Oahu, a Hawaiian island, and adjacent to Honolulu, is a land-locked harbor, 8 miles long by 4 wide, with a depth of water from 30 to 130 feet. It has great strategic value to the United States from the fact that it can be made an impregnable naval base ​where the largest fleet can lie safely. Reservations for a firstclass naval station have been secured, as also for a military reservation on the slopes of the mountain range in the rear. General Schofield after an inspection of Pearl Harbor in 1872 reported that “it could be completely defended by inexpensive batteries on either or both shores, firing across a narrow channel of entrance. Its waters are deep enough for the largest vessels of war and its lochs are spacious enough for a large number of vessels to ride at anchor in perfect security against all storms.” See Hawaii.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Peach

See also Peach on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Peach, the well-known fruit of a species of Prunus (P. Persica) which is native to China. Associated with the peach, in the genus Prunus, are the almond, plum, apricot and cherry. A smooth-skinned variety is called nectarine. The peach has long been cultivated and many varieties have been produced. They are extensively cultivated in the warmer parts of Asia as well as in certain regions of the United States. The pericarp, that is, the transformed ovary, ripens into an outer fleshy layer and an inner stony one. Cultivation has done much in increasing the thickness of the pulpy layer. The tree is small, from 10 to 20 feet high and bears many branches. The fragrant, pink blossoms usually appear before the leaves; the leaves are lanceolate. In this country peaches are grown in orchards, but in England they are trained against walls and also cultivated under glass. Peaches are cultivated in the United States most extensively in Maryland, Delaware, New Jersey, Michigan, Arkansas, Texas and on the Pacific slope. A great danger lies in the early blossoming and the killing of the fruit-buds by frost. Insect enemies are the peach-tree borer, the twig-borer, the fruit-tree bark-beetle, the peach-tree leaf-roller, scale insects and aphids. The trees must be carefully examined, and spraying is essential. They are subject to various fungous diseases, and under the best conditions are not long-lived.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Peacock

See also Peafowl on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Pea′cock, a bird belonging to the pheasant family and conspicuous for the beautiful train of the male. This train is not composed of the tail-feathers, but of long feathers which overlie those of the tail and are called tail-coverts. These, with the tail, are capable of being raised. The birds roost in trees or high places, and always sit facing the wind. They make their nests on the ground, of small sticks or leaves. The peacock is a native of India and Ceylon, and is plentiful in their forests and jungles. Their diet is varied, consisting of worms, reptiles, grain, flesh or fish etc. These birds have been naturalized in many parts of the world. The plumage of the male combines blue, green, gold and bronze tints. The tail-coverts are especially magnificent, with bright-colored eye-spots, and can be spread into the form of a huge fan. The blue tint is so characteristic that it has given rise to the name of peacock-blue. The proud, self-conscious air worn when showing off his splendors, has given rise to the phrase: “proud as a peacock.” The bird is said not to exhibit these splendors save when sure of an audience. By the ancients the peacock was called the bird of Juno. But though the plumage is so beautiful, the voice is discordant, the utterance a scream. The flesh was once considered a great delicacy; peacock's liver being much in vogue at the old Roman banquets, and during the middle ages a cooked bird decked out in all its finery often appeared on the table of the rich. The female is not brilliantly colored, is brownish and is without showy tail-coverts. At first, both are alike in plumage, but the male begins to acquire gorgeous tints, and is in perfect plumage at the end of about three years.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Peanut

See also Peanut on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Peanut. The pod and seed of an annual plant (arachis hypogaia) which belongs to ​ ​ ​the pea family. It grows to a height of one to two feet. After its flower has faded, the stalk buries itself in the ground, where a number of yellowish seed pods are developed. These when mature are the peanut of the market. Peanuts thrive best in a light sandy loam, and in a moist, warm climate. In the south peanuts are more commonly known as goobers or goober peas. They are grown principally in Virginia, North Carolina, Georgia and Tennessee. The crop has become an important one. Virginia leads with an annual yield of nearly 4,000,000 bushels. A large part of the crop is used for roasted peanuts, and a high value is placed on the peanut for forage and hay. In 1910 our imports of peanuts amounted to over 33,000,000 bushels. The peanut is cheap and its food-value high. In the manufacture of peanut-butter and confectionery it has come to be extensively used.
PEANUT
A—Plant with Root, Blossom and underground Nuts. 1—Blossom cut lengthwise. 2—Ripe Nut. 3—Nut cut lengthwise. 4—Seed. 5 and 6—Germ.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Pearl (river)

See also Pearl River (Mississippi–Louisiana) on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​ Pearl, a river in Mississippi, rising in the center of the state and flowing south into the Gulf of Mexico. It forms part of the boundary between Louisiana and Mississippi. The river is 300 miles long and is obstructed by sandbars and driftwood.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Peach-Tree Borer

See also Synanthedon exitiosa on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Peach-Tree Borer, a larva that works much harm to the peach crop. The moth resembles a steel-blue wasp in appearance and emerges from its cocoon from late June to early September. It flies by day, and feeds on flowers. The eggs, brown in color, are glued to the bark of the peach or the pear close to the ground. As many as 700 have been counted in one female. They hatch in about a week. At once the tiny borer makes its way to the inner bark. Here it stays about ten months, feeding during this long period save in the coldest weather. It then makes a brown cocoon, usually placed near the ground and in about three weeks the adult insect emerges. In combating this grievous pest, trees should be gone over in September, May and late June, all gummy exudations watched and the larvae dug out and destroyed. There are few natural enemies to assist in the extermination of the peach-tree borer.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Peale, Charles Wilson

See also Charles Wilson Peale on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Peale, Charles Wilson, an American portrait-painter, was born at Chestertown, Md., April 16, 1741. His education in art he received from a German painter and from Copley. His paintings are chiefly portraits, for which he was celebrated, among them being several of Washington. In 1785 he formed a collection of natural curiosities, founding Peale's Museum at Philadelphia. During the Revolutionary War he commanded a company at Trenton and at Germantown. He died at Philadelphia, Feb. 22, 1827.