OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bradley, Thomas (1597-1670)

​BRADLEY, THOMAS (1597–1670), divine, a native of Berkshire, states that he was 72 years old in 1669, and was therefore born in 1597. He became a battler of Exeter College, Oxford, in 1616, and proceeded B.A. on 21 July 1620. He was chaplain to the Duke of Buckingham for several years, and accompanied him in the expedition to Rochelle and the Isle of Rhé in 1627. After Buckingham's murder in the following year he became chaplain to Charles I, and on 16 June 1629 a captain in the expedition to France ​applied to the council to take Bradley with him as chaplain of his ship (Cal. State Papers, Dom. 1628-9, p. 579). Soon afterwards (5 May 1631) Bradley married Frances, the daughter of Sir John Savile, baron Savile of Pontefract, and he was presented by his father-in-law about the same time to the livings of Castleford and Ackworth, near Pontefract. As a staunch royalist, he was created D.D. at Oxford on 20 Dec. 1642, and was expelled a few years later by the parliamentary committee from both his Yorkshire livings. 'His lady and all his children,' writes Walker, 'were turned out of doors to seek their bread in desolate places,' and his library at Castleford fell into the hands of his oppressors. He published in London in 1658 a curious pamphlet entitled 'A Present for Cæsar of 100,000l. in hand and 50,000l. a year,' in which he recommended the extortion of first-fruits and tithes according to their true value. The work is respectfully dedicated to Oliver Cromwell. At the Restoration he was restored to Ackworth, but he found it necessary to vindicate his pamphlet in another tract entitled 'Appello Cæsarem' (York, 1661). But his conduct did not satisfy the government, and in an assize sermon preached at York in 1663 and published as 'Cæsar's Due and the Subject's Duty,' he said that the king had bidden him 'preach conscience to the people and not to meddle with state affairs,' and that he had to apologise for his sermons preached against the excise and the excisemen, the Westminster lawyers, and 'the rack-renting landlords and depopulators.' He also expressed regret for having suggested the restoration of the council of the north. In 1666 he was made a prebendary of York. He died in 1670.
His publications consist entirely of sermons. The earliest, entitled 'Comfort from the Cradle,' was preached at Winchester and published at Oxford in 1650; four others, preached at York Minster, were published at York between 1661 and 1670, and six occasional sermons appear to have been issued collectively in London in 1667. Walker describes Bradley as 'an excellent preacher' and 'a ready and acute wit.'
A son, Savile, was at one time fellow of New College, Oxford, and afterwards fellow of Magdalen. Wood, in his autobiography, tells a curious story about his ordination in 1661.
[Wood's Athenæ Oxon., ed. Bliss, i. xliii, iii. 719; Fasti Oxon. i. 392, ii. 52; Walker's Sufferings, ii. 85; Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Brit. Mus. Cat.]
S. L. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bradley, Thomas (1751-1813)

​BRADLEY, THOMAS, M.D. (1751–1813), physician, was a native of Worcester, where for some time he conducted a school in which mathematics formed a prominent study. About 1786 he withdrew from education, and, devoting himself to medical studies, went to Edinburgh, where he graduated M.D. in 1791, his dissertation, which was published, being 'De Epispasticorum Usu in variis morbis tractandis.' He settled in London, and on 22 Dec. 1791 was admitted licentiate of the College of Physicians. From 1794 to 1811 he was physician to the Westminster Hospital. For many years he acted as editor of the 'Medical and Physical Journal.' He published a revised and enlarged edition of Fox's 'Medical Dictionary,' 1803, and also a 'Treatise on Worms and other Animals which infest the Human Body,' 1813. In the practice of his profession he was not very successful. He died in St. George's Fields at the close of 1813.
[Munk's Coll. of Phys. (1878), ii. 419-20; Gent. Mag. lxxxiv. (pt. i) 97-8.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bradley, William

​BRADLEY, WILLIAM (1801–1857), portrait painter, was born at Manchester on 16 Jan. 1801. He was left an orphan when three years old, and commenced life as an errand-boy; but having a natural talent for art, he at the age of sixteen advertised himself as a 'portrait, miniature, and animal painter, and teacher of drawing,' and drew portraits at a shilling apiece. Having received some lessons from Mather Brown, who was then living at Manchester, he came to London when about twenty-one, and, obtaining an introduction to Sir Thomas Lawrence, established himself in the metropolis, where he enjoyed some practice as a portrait painter. Between 1823 and 1846 he exhibited thirteen portraits at the Royal Academy, twenty-one at the Free Society of Artists, and eight at the British Institution. He returned in 1847 to his native city, broken down in health, and he died in poverty on 4 July 1857. Bradley's portraits were successful as likenesses, and well drawn. Among his sitters were Lords Beresford, Sandon, Bagot, and Ellesmere, Sheridan Knowles, W. C. Macready, and the Right Hon. W. E. Gladstone. His portrait of the last-mentioned has been engraved in mezzotinto by W. Walker.
[Redgrave's Dictionary of Artists of the English School, Painters, &c., London, 1878, 8vo; MS. notes in the British Museum.]
L. F.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hamilton, Henry Parr

​HAMILTON, HENRY PARR (1794–1880), dean of Salisbury, born on 3 April 1794, was the son of Alexander Hamilton, M.D. (1739–1802) [q. v.] He was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he graduated B.A. as ninth wrangler in 1816, was elected fellow, and proceeded M.A. in 1819. In 1830 he was presented by the Marquis of Ailesbury to the rectory of Wath, near Ripon, Yorkshire, and in 1833 obtained from his college the perpetual curacy of St. Mary the Great, Cambridge, which he resigned in 1844, in order to reside permanently at Wath. He became rural dean in 1847. In 1850 he was preferred to the deanery of Salisbury. Towards the restoration of the cathedral he contributed large sums of money. He was also a warm supporter of the board of education and other diocesan institutions. He died on 7 Feb. 1880. By his wife Ellen, daughter of Thomas Mason, F.S.A., of Copt Hewick, Yorkshire (Gent. Mag. vol. ciii. pt. ii. p. 462), who survived him, he had an only daughter, Katharine Jane, married on 29 Nov. 1854 to Sir Edward Hulse. Hamilton's accomplishments won him the regard of Whewell and Sedgwick, and other distinguished men. He was elected F.R.S. on 17 Jan. 1828, and was also F.R.S. Edinb., F.R.A.S., and F.G.S. The more important of his writings are: 1. ‘The Principles of Analytical Geometry,’ 1826. 2. ‘An Analytical System of Conic Sections,’ 1828; 5th edit. 1843. 3. ‘The Education of the Lower Classes. A Sermon,’ 1840; 2nd edit. 1841. 4. ‘Practical Remarks on Popular Education in England and Wales,’ 1847. 5. ‘The Church and the Education Question,’ 1848; 2nd edit. 1855. 6. ‘The Privy Council and the National Society. The question concerning the management of Church of England Schools stated and examined,’ 1850. 7. ‘Scheme for the Reform of their own Cathedral by the Dean and Chapter of Salisbury,’ 1855.
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hamilton, Hugh (d.1679)

​HAMILTON, HUGH or HUGO, first Lord Hamilton of Glenawley, co. Fermanagh (d. 1679), was, according to the ‘Svenska Adelns Attartaflor’ (genealogies of the Swedish nobility), second son of Malcolm Hamilton, archbishop of Cashel and Emly (d. 1629), by his first wife Mary, daughter of Robert Wilkie of Sachtonhill. His grandfather was Archibald Hamilton of Dalserf, Lanarkshire, who is said to have been grandson of James Hamilton, second earl of Arran [q. v.], but this relationship is not clearly proved. The Swedish authorities state that Hugh was sent by his father to join the Swedish army in 1624; became colonel of a regiment in Ingermanland in 1641; colonel of the Upland infantry regiment in 1645; and commander in Greifswald in 1646. He was naturalised as a Swedish noble in 1648, and, with his younger half-brother Louis Hamilton, was ennobled in Sweden as barons Hamilton de Deserf (i.e. Dalserf). After the Restoration, on 2 March 1660 he was created by Charles II baron Hamilton of Glenawley, co. Fermanagh, in the peerage of Ireland; returned to Ireland in 1662, and settled, as heir of his elder brother, Archibald, on the estate which had belonged to his father, at Ballygally, co. Tyrone. In 1678 he gave the interest of 20l. in perpetuity to the parish of Erigilkeroy, to be disbursed annually by the rector and churchwardens. He died in April 1679. He was thrice married and left issue. The title became extinct on the death, at the age of twenty, of William, his surviving son, the second baron. Letters from the first Lord Glenawley to Lord Lauderdale, in 1660–1672, are in Brit. Mus. Addit. MSS. 23117, 23124, 23131, 23132, 23134.
H. M. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hamilton, Hugh (1729-1805)

​HAMILTON, HUGH, D.D. (1729–1805), bishop of Ossory, eldest son of Alexander Hamilton, M.P., of Knock, co. Dublin, and Newtownhamilton, co. Armagh, by Isabella Maxwell, his wife, was born at Knock on 26 March 1729. He was descended from Hugh Hamilton, who settled in Ireland in the time of James I, and was one of the Hamiltons of Evandale, of whom Sir James Hamilton of Finnart (d. 1540) [q. v.] was an ancestor. He entered Trinity College, Dublin, 17 Nov. 1742, under the tutorship of the Rev. Thomas McDonnell, and graduated B.A. 1747, M.A. 1750, B.D. 1759, and D.D. 1762. In 1751 he was elected a fellow, having been unsuccessful, though his answering was very highly commended, at the examination in the preceding year. In 1759 he was appointed Erasmus Smith's professor of natural philosophy in the university of Dublin; he was also elected about the same time a fellow of the Royal Society and a member of the Royal Irish Academy. He resigned his fellowship in 1764, and was presented by his college to the rectory of Kilmacrenan in the diocese of Raphoe; in 1767 he resigned this preferment and was collated to the vicarage of St. Anne's, Dublin, which benefice he exchanged in April 1768 for the deanery of Armagh, by patent dated the 23rd of that month (Lib. Mun. Hib.) On 20 Jan. 1796 he was promoted to the bishopric of Clonfert and Kilmacduagh; and by patent dated 24 Jan. 1799 he was translated to Ossory. He died at Kilkenny 1 Dec. 1805, and was buried in his cathedral of St. Canice in that city, where there is a monument inscribed to his memory.
In 1772 he married Isabella, eldest daughter of Hans Widman Wood of Rossmead, co. Westmeath, and of Frances, twin sister of Edward, earl of Kingston, and by her had two daughters and five sons: Alexander (d. 1552), a barrister, Hans, Henry, George Hamilton (1785–1830) [q. v.], and Hugh.
Hamilton was author of several learned treatises, including: 1. ‘De Sectionibus Conicis Tractatus Geometricus,’ London, 1758. 2. ‘Philosophical Essays on Vapours,’ &c., London, 1767. 3. ‘An Essay on the Existence and Attributes of the Supreme Being,’ Dublin 1784. 4. ‘Four Introductory Lectures on Natural Philosophy.’ His principal works were collected and republished, with a memoir and portrait, by his eldest son, Alexander Hamilton, in two 8vo vols., London, 1809.
B. H. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hamilton, Hugh (d.1724)

​HAMILTON, HUGH, Baron Hamilton in Sweden (d. 1724), Swedish military commander, was younger son of Captain John Hamilton of Ballygally, co. Tyrone, Ireland, by his wife Jean, daughter of James Somerville. His father was a younger son of Malcolm Hamilton, archbishop of Cashel and Emly, and Hugh or Hugo Hamilton, first lord Hamilton of Glenawley [q. v.] was his uncle. Hugh is said, after seeing much military service at home, to have been summoned to Sweden in 1680 by his elder brother, Malcolm Hamilton [q. v.], already an officer in the Swedish army. In Sweden his earliest commission was as lieutenant of the Elfsburg regiment, in which he rose to be captain. In 1693 he and his brother were ennobled in Sweden as barons Hamilton de Hageby. Hugh rose to great distinction during the wars of Charles XII, especially signalising himself against the Danes in 1710 at Helsingborg, and against the Russians at Gefle in 1719. He became, after a long series of promotions, a general and master of the ordnance. He died in 1724, and was buried in in the province of Jonköping. He was married to a Swedish lady, daughter of Henrik Ardvisson of Gothenburg, and left numerous children. His sixth son, Gustavus David, was created Count Hamilton in 1751; attained distinction in the seven years' and Russian wars; became a field marshal, and died in 1788. The present Swedish Counts Hamilton are his direct descendants.
H. M. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hamilton, Hugh Douglas

​HAMILTON, HUGH DOUGLAS (1734?–1806), portrait-painter, born in Dublin about 1734, was a student in the Dublin art school under James Mannin. He practised as a portrait-painter from an early age, and achieved his first successes by drawing small oval portraits in crayons. These were executed in a low grey tone, and finished with red and black chalk. They are very clever in expression, and as Hamilton did not charge highly for them, he obtained a very large practice. His success tempted him to come to London, where he settled in Pall ​Mall. George III and Queen Charlotte sat to him, besides many of the aristocracy. He gained a premium of sixty guineas from the Society of Arts in 1765. In 1771 he exhibited some portraits at the exhibition of the Incorporated Society of Artists, of which he was a member. In 1772 he exhibited with the Free Society of Artists, and again in 1773, 1774, 1775 with the Incorporated Society, including in the last year two conversation pieces. In 1778 he went to Rome, where he settled for some years, and drew the portraits of many of the British visitors to that city. By the advice of Flaxman he tried oil-painting, and subsequently confined himself to painting portraits in that method. Though he maintained his reputation and had many sitters, he never reached the same excellence that he showed in his crayon drawings. About 1791 he returned to Dublin, where he resided until his death in 1806. There are several important portraits by Hamilton at Dublin, including those of the Right Hon. John Foster, speaker of the Irish House of Commons, in the possession of the Dublin corporation, and ‘Dean Kirwan preaching,’ in the Dublin Royal Society. He also tried historical painting, such as ‘Medusa’ (a colossal head), ‘Prometheus,’ and ‘Cupid and Psyche.’ Many of his portraits were engraved, notably, Chief Baron Burgh, by W. Barnard; the Duke of Gloucester, by R. Earlom; Colonel Barré, by R. Houston (a portrait of Barré by Hamilton is in the collection of Baroness Burdett-Coutts); Mrs. Hartley, the actress, by Houston; Mrs. Frederick, by Laurie; Mrs. Brooksbank, by J. R. Smith; Dean Kirwan, by W. Ward; Mr. Joseph Gulston, by J. Watson, and many others. Hamilton's portrait of Anne, lady Temple, which is now in the National Portrait Gallery, was engraved by W. Greatbach for Cunningham's edition of Walpole's ‘Letters.’ A portrait of Hamilton himself was engraved by W. Holl. Another by G. Chinnery is in the possession of the Royal Hibernian Academy, and was exhibited at the Irish Exhibition in London, 1888.
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cony, William

​CONY, WILLIAM (d. 1707), captain in the navy, attained that rank on 1 April 1704, when he was appointed to command the Sorlings frigate. In September 1705 he was sent, in company with Captains Foljambe, of the Pendennis, and Martin, of the Blackwall, to convoy the trade to the Baltic. On the return voyage they fell in on 20 Oct. with a squadron of five French ships, four of them of fifty guns, commanded by the Chevalier de Saint-Pol, and having five privateers in company. The privateers captured the merchant ships, thus permitting the ships of war to devote themselves to the three ships of the escort. After a stubborn fight they took them all three, Foljambe and Martin being slain and Cony dangerously wounded. On the part of the French, De Cayeux, one of the captains, lost an arm, and Saint-Pol was killed—a loss which, in the opinion of the French, was poorly compensated for by the successful issue of the combat (Guérin, Histoire Maritime, ii. 242). ‘I would,’ the French king is reported to have said, ‘that the English ships were safe at home if I had but Saint-Pol back again.’ Cony, while still a prisoner in France, was tried by court-martial for the loss of his ship, and very honourably acquitted on 20 Jan. 1705–6; and the court further reporting that he had particularly distinguished himself in the action, and had received several dangerous wounds, recommended him to his royal highness's favour. He was accordingly shortly afterwards appointed to the Romney of 50 guns, and commanded her in the Mediterranean under the orders of Sir Clowdisley Shovell. He seems to have been successfully engaged in cruising against the enemy's privateers in the Straits, and was returning home the following year, when, in company with the Association [see Shovell, Sir Clowdisley], the Romney and all in her were lost among the Scilly Islands on 22 Oct. 1707.
[Minutes of the Court-martial and letters in the Public Record Office; Charnock's Biog. Nav. iii. 167, 289, ii. 413.]
J. K. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Conybeare, John Josias

​CONYBEARE, JOHN JOSIAS (1779–1824), geologist and scholar, was the elder son of Dr. William Conybeare, the rector of Bishopsgate, who was the son of Bishop (John) Conybeare [q. v.] The younger son was William Daniel Conybeare [q. v.]
John Josias, born in 1779, entered Christ Church, Oxford, in 1797. He won the university Latin verse prize in 1800. In due course he became vicar of Batheaston, Somerset. From 1803 till his death he was prebendary of York. He was elected to the Anglo-Saxon professorship in 1808, and became the professor of poetry at Oxford in 1812. In 1824 he delivered the Bampton lectures, and published a volume on the ‘Interpretation of Scripture.’ His versatility was remarkable. Notwithstanding his strict attention to his clerical duties, he gave some time to chemistry, and in 1822–3 published a paper ‘On Greek Fire,’ another on ‘Plumbago found in Gas Retorts,’ and an examination of ‘Hatchettin, or Mineral Tallow, a Fossil Resin found in the Coal Measures of Glamorganshire.’ In 1817 he began to publish upon geology; his first paper being ‘Memoranda relative to Clovelly;’ his second, which appeared in the Geological Society's ‘Transactions,’ being ‘On the Porphyritic Veins (locally Elvans) of St. Agnes, Cornwall.’ In 1821 he published a memoir ‘On the Geology of the neighbourhood of Okehampton,’ in 1822 one ‘On the Geology of the Malvern Hills,’ in 1823 another ‘On the Geology of Devon and Cornwall,’ and in 1824 he was associated with Buckland in ‘Observations on the South-west Coal-field of England.’ In June 1824 he died. His devotion to the literature of the Anglo-Saxons was very earnest, and his taste in poetry most refined. In 1826, after his death, his brother, Dean Conybeare, edited and published ‘Illustrations of Anglo-Saxon Poetry, translated by the Vicar of Batheaston,’ which contains large portions of the ‘Song of the Traveller’ and ‘Beowulf.’
[Royal Society's Catalogue of Scientific Papers; Geological Society's Transactions; Thomson's Annals, 1821–2–3; Gent. Mag. 1824, ii. 187, 376, 482.]
R. H-t.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Conybeare, William John

​CONYBEARE, WILLIAM JOHN (1815–1857), divine and author, eldest son of the Rev. William Daniel Conybeare [q. v.], afterwards dean of Llandaff, and well known as one of the earliest pioneers of geology in England, was born on 1 Aug. 1815. He was educated at Westminster and Trinity College, Cambridge, of which he became a fellow. He took his degree in 1837, being fifteenth wrangler and third classic. In 1841 he took orders, and was appointed Whitehall preacher. In 1842 he was appointed first principal of the newly founded Liverpool Collegiate Institution, and married the same year Miss Eliza Rose, daughter of the late vicar of Rothley, Leicestershire. Failure of health obliged him in 1848 to resign his post at Liverpool, and he succeeded his father as vicar of Axminster, Devonshire, being followed as principal of the college by his friend and fellow-worker, the Rev. J. S. Howson (afterwards dean of Chester), in conjunction with whom he brought out the ‘Life and Epistles of S. Paul’ in 1851. His other works are: ‘Essays Ecclesiastical and Social,’ published in 1856, consisting of articles contributed to the ‘Edinburgh Review’ (one of which, ‘Church ​Parties,’ passed through many editions), and ‘Perversion,’ a novel, published in 1856. Illness obliged him to resign his benefice in 1854; he died at Weybridge in 1857. He left two children: Edward, born 1843, vicar of Barrington, Cambridgeshire, and Grace, born 1855, married 1878 to G. C. Macaulay, assistant-master at Rugby.
[Information from his son, the Rev. E. Conybeare.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Grey

​GREY. [See also Gray.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Grey, Catherine

​GREY, Lady CATHERINE. [See Seymour.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Greville, Henry William

​GREVILLE, HENRY WILLIAM (1801–1872), diarist, youngest son of Charles Greville, grandson of the fifth Lord Warwick, by Lady Charlotte Cavendish Bentinck, eldest daughter of William Henry, third duke of Portland, born on 28 Oct. 1801, was educated at Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford, where he graduated B.A. 4 June 1823. Much of his boyhood was spent on the continent, chiefly at Brussels, where his family resided. He thus learned to speak French and Italian with fluency. He was taken by the Duke of Wellington to the celebrated ball given by the Duchess of Richmond at Brussels on the night before the battle of Waterloo. He became private secretary to Lord Francis Egerton [q. v.], afterwards earl of Ellesmere, when chief secretary for Ireland. From 1834 to 1844 he was attaché to the British embassy in Paris. He afterwards held the post of gentleman usher at court. He was fond of society, of music, and the drama. Miss Fanny (Frances Anne) Kemble knew him well, and describes his fine voice and handsome appearance in her 'Records of a Girlhood,' iii. 173. He died on 12 Dec. 1872 at his house in Mayfair. Like his brother, Charles Cavendish Fulke Greville [q. v.], he kept during many years of his life a diary of such events, public and private, as specially interested him, a portion of which has been edited by his niece, Viscountess Enfield, under the title, 'Leaves from the Diary of Henry Greville,' 1883-4, 2 vols. 8vo. The `Diary' derives its chief importance as an historical authority from the author's position at Paris between 1834 and 1844; otherwise, though agreeably written, it is of no special interest or value.
J. M. R.