OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Ogle, Charles Chaloner

​OGLE, CHARLES CHALONER (1851–1878), newspaper correspondent, fourth son of John Ogle of St. Clare, near Ightham, Sevenoaks, Kent, was born on 16 April 1851, and educated, with other pupils, under his father at St. Clare. He matriculated at the university of London in June 1869, and then devoted himself to the study of architecture, becoming a pupil of Frederick William Roper of 9 Adam Street, Adelphi, London. He was a contributor to the ‘Builder,’ and in 1872 he both obtained a certificate for excellence in architectural construction and was admitted an associate of the Royal Institute of British Architects. Soon afterwards he visited Rome, and in August 1875 went for some months to Athens, where he worked in the office of Herr Ziller, the royal architect. While thus engaged, the proprietors of the ‘Times’ newspaper accepted an offer of his services as their special correspondent in the war between Turkey and Herzegovina and the neighbouring provinces, and he accompanied the Turkish force against the Montenegrins. The letters written by Ogle from Montenegro and the Herzegovina, from Greece, from Crete, and from Thessaly, are full of picturesque details, brightened by a kindly humour. While residing at Volo, on the gulf of Thessaly, Ogle learned, on 28 March 1878, that an engagement was imminent between the Turkish troops and the insurgents occupying Mont Pelion and the town of Macrynitza. He at once proceeded to the scene of action, without arms and with a cane in his hand. The battle took place, and was prolonged to the following day, when Ogle, unable to obtain a horse to return to Volo, slept at Katochori on ​29 and 30 March. On 1 April his headless body was found lying in a ravine, and identified by a scar on the wrist and a blood-stained telegram in his pocket-book addressed to the ‘Times.’ The body was taken on board H.M.S. Wizard, and conveyed to the Piræus, where it was accorded a public funeral on 10 April. It is believed that Ogle was assassinated by order of the Turkish commander, Amouss Aga, in revenge for reflections made on his pillaging a village. To disguise the murder, a report was circulated that the correspondent was aiding the insurgents. In a parliamentary paper, issued on 18 June, Ogle is blamed for great imprudence in venturing among the belligerents without necessity, and his death was attributed to a wound received while retreating with the insurgents after the second battle of Macrynitza; but the correctness of these statements was strenuously denied by his friends.
G. C. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Ogle, George (1704-1746)

​OGLE, GEORGE (1704–1746), translator, was the second son of Samuel Ogle of Bowsden, Northumberland, M.P. for Berwick, and commissioner of the revenue for Ireland, by his second wife, Ursula, daughter of Sir John Markham, bart., and widow of the last Lord Altham. Samuel Ogle died at Dublin on 10 March 1718 (Notes and Queries, 2nd ser. v. 169). In 1728 appeared, as an appendix to James Sterling's ‘Loves of Hero and Leander,’ ‘some new translations’ made by the son George ‘from various Greek authors.’ To Ogle, ‘an ingenious young gentleman,’ the volume was dedicated. Ogle's rendering of Anacreon had probably some influence on Moore; but Moore, in his ‘Journal’ (iv. 144), denied a charge of plagiarism preferred against him on that ground in ‘John Bull,’ 12 Sept. 1824 (O'Donoghue, Poets of Ireland, pt. iii. p. 187).
In 1737 Ogle published the first and only volume of ‘Antiquities explained. Being a Collection of figured Gems, illustrated by similar descriptions taken from the Classics.’ It is dedicated to the Duke of Dorset, and was based, he says, on a somewhat similar collection published in Paris in 1732. The book contains a well-executed engraving of each gem, with an explanation of its subject and illustrative quotations from Greek or Latin authors, with translations into English verse. ‘Gualtherus and Griselda, or the clerk of Oxford's Tale,’ appeared in 1739. In 1741 Ogle contributed to ‘Tales of Chaucer modernised by several hands.’ It contains versions by Dryden, Pope, Betterton, and others. Another edition, in two volumes, appeared in 1742. Ogle's share in the work seems to have been the prologues to most of the tales, and the tales of the clerk, haberdasher, weaver, carpenter, dyer, tapestry-maker, and cook. He also supplied a continuation of the squire's tale from the fourth book of Spenser's ‘Faerie Queen.’ This portion of the work—‘Cambuscan, or the Squire's Tale’—was issued separately in 1785.
Ogle married the daughter and coheiress of Sir Frederick Twysden, bart., and died on 20 Oct. 1746. Their only child was the Right Hon. George Ogle (1742–1814) [q. v.]
Ogle's literary aptitude was considerable, and he ranks high as a translator. Besides the works noticed, he published: 1. ‘Basia; or the Kisses,’ 1731. 2. ‘Epistles of Horace imitated,’ 1735. 3. ‘The Legacy Hunter. The fifth satire of the second book of Horace imitated,’ 1737. 4. ‘The Miser's Feast. The eighth satire of the second book of Horace imitated, a dialogue between the author and the poet-laureate,’ 1737.
[Allibone's Dict. of Engl. Lit. ii. 1451; Gent. Mag. 1746, p. 558; Brit. Mus. Cat.]
E. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Helsham, Richard

​HELSHAM, RICHARD, M.D. (1682?–1738), friend of Swift, was born probably in 1682 at Leggatsrath, co. Kilkenny. He was educated at Kilkenny College, entered Trinity College, Dublin, 18 July 1697, obtained a scholarship in 1700, graduated B.A. in 1702, was elected fellow in 1704, and was co-opted a senior fellow in 1714. He was lecturer in mathematics 1723–30, and was the first to hold the professorship of natural philosophy on the foundation of Erasmus Smith, 1724–38. Helsham was also regius professor of physic in the university of Dublin, 1733–8. He practised with high repute as a physician. Swift mentions him, in a letter to Alderman Barber, as ‘the most eminent physician in this city and kingdom,’ and in another letter as ‘his friend Dr. Helsham.’ He formed one of that brilliant literary coterie resident in Dublin at the period. He died on 25 Aug. 1738, and was interred in the churchyard of St. Mary's, Dublin. His will, a holograph, with one codicil, solemnly charges his executors that ‘before his coffin should be nailed up his head was to be severed from his body.’ Helsham's ‘Lectures on Natural Philosophy,’ edited by Bryan Robinson, were published in 1739, and a second edition appeared in 1743.
[Matriculation Book, Trin. Coll. Dublin; Dublin Coll. Cal.; Swift's works; Pue's Occurrences, 26 Aug. 1738, Dublin; original will in Public Record Office, Dublin; Cat. Libr., Trin. Coll., Dublin.]
W. R-l.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hely-Hutchinson, Richard

​HELY-HUTCHINSON, RICHARD, first Earl of Donoughmore (1756–1825), eldest son of John Hely-Hutchinson (1724–1794) [q. v.], born in 1756, was educated at Oxford and Trinity College, Dublin, where he graduated B.A. in 1775. In 1777 he was called to the Irish bar, and in the same year he was elected M.P. for the university of Dublin; but, being unseated on an election petition, he was returned for Sligo, which he represented till 1783. From 1783 to 1788, when the death of his mother, the Baroness Donoughmore, raised him to the upper house, he represented the borough of Taghmon, co. Wexford. He was a man of liberal sentiments and an ardent friend of catholic emancipation, and took an active part in the debate in parliament. In 1794 he raised a regiment of foot (the 112th), of which his brother John was appointed colonel. He was created Viscount Suirdale in November 1797, and commanded the Cork legion during the rebellion of 1798. He voted for the union, hoping to secure catholic emancipation thereby; was created Earl of Donoughmore (21 Dec. 1800), and elected one of the twenty-eight representative peers of Ireland. In 1805 he was raised the the rank of major-general, and in the following year was appointed co-postmaster-general of Ireland, but resigned his office on the dissolution of the Portland administration in 1809. From 1810 till his death in 1825 he championed the cause of the Irish Roman catholics in the House of Lords, strenuously opposing every attempt to rule Ireland by purely coercive measures. On the question of the veto he sided with O'Connell and his bishops, holding domestic nomination to be a sufficient security against papal interference. On the trial of Queen Caroline, however, he supported the government, and voted for the Bill of Pains and Penalties. He opposed the suspension of the Habeas Corpus Act, but gave 'a reluctant consent' to the Irish insurrection Bill of 1822. In the spring of 1825 he became unwell, but recovered sufficiently to move the second reading of the Catholic Relief Bill on 17 May in the same year. He died, however, on 25 Aug. following, and never married, was succeeded by his brother John Hely-Hutchinson, lord Hutchinson (1757-1832) [q. v.] Notwithstanding a certain waywardness of opinion, Lord Donoughmore was really an enlightened man, and did much to advance the cause of catholic liberation. At a meeting of the Catholic Association on 10 Nov. 1825 a warm tribute was paid to his memory as 'the hereditary patron of the catholics.'
R. D.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hely-Hutchinson, John (1787-1851)

​HELY-HUTCHINSON, JOHN, third Earl of Donoughmore (1787–1851), eldest son of Francis Hely-Hutchinson, the third son of John Hely-Hutchinson (1724–1794) [q. v.], was born at Wexford in 1787. He entered the army in September 1807, and served with the grenadier guards during the Peninsular war, receiving the war medal with one clasp for the battle of Corunna. He was raised to the rank of captain of the 1st grenadiers on 9 Nov. 1812, and was actively engaged at Waterloo. On the allied occupation of Paris he was quartered there, and obtained considerable notoriety from the share he took in effecting the escape of General Lavalette. Together with Lieutenant Bruce of his own regiment and Sir Robert Wilson, he was put on his trial in Paris. Public sympathy, however, was on the side of the accused, and the judge, taking a lenient view of their offence, merely condemned them to three months' imprisonment and the expenses of the trial. After undergoing his punishment, Hely-Hutchinson returned to England. For his offence he was deprived of his commission, but was ​soon restored to his regiment. In 1832 he succeeded his uncle, John Hely-Hutchinson (1757–1832) [q. v.], as second earl of Donoughmore; in 1834 he was created a knight of St. Patrick, and in 1842 was appointed one of the commissioners of charitable donations and bequests of Ireland. He died at his residence at Palmerstown, co. Dublin, on 14 Sept. 1851. He married twice: first, on 15 June 1821, the Hon. Margaret Gardiner, seventh daughter of, Luke, first viscount Mountjoy, who died 13 Oct. 1825, and by her had issue Richard John, who succeeded him, and Margaret, who died young; secondly, on 5 Sept. 1827, Barbara, second daughter of Lieutenant-colonel William Reynell of Castle Reynell, co. Westmeath, and by her had one son and three daughters. A memorial tablet recording his virtue was erected by his widow in Chapelizod Church, co. Dublin, which he had ordinarily attended.
R. D.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Helmore, Thomas

​HELMORE, THOMAS (1811–1890), writer on music and composer, born at Kidderminster on 7 May 1811, son of a dissenting minister, was educated at Magdalen Hall, Oxford (B.A. 1840, M.A. 1845). He served for two years as curate in the parish of St. Michael, Lichfield, and in 1840 was appointed to a priest-vicar's stall in Lichfield Cathedral. In 1842 he became vice-principal, and in 1846 precentor of St. Mark's College, Chelsea. In the latter year he succeeded William Hawes as master of the choristers of the Chapel Royal, St. James's, of which in 1847 he was admitted one of the priests-in-ordinary. He was presented by the crown in 1872 to the rectory of Beverstone, Gloucestershire, but he resigned it immediately after his appointment. In 1877 he received a retiring pension from the National Society, after thirty-five years' service as clerical precentor of St. Mark's College, Chelsea. He died at his residence in St. George's Square, London, on 6 July 1890.
​He was author, editor, or composer of the following works:
* ‘The Psalter Noted,’ London [1849], 8vo.
* ‘The Canticles Noted.’
* ‘A Manual of Plain Song,’ London, 1850, 8vo.
* ‘Carols for Christmastide, … set to ancient melodies,’ London [1853], fol.
* ‘Carols for Easter-tide, set to ancient melodies,’ London [1855], fol.
* ‘A Treatise on Choir and Chorus Singing’ [1855], 8vo; translated from the French of F. J. Fétis.
* ‘St. Mark's Chant Book: being the Chants used in the Collegiate Chapel of St. Mark's, Chelsea,’ London, 1863, 8vo.
* Two papers on ‘Church Music,’ read at the Church Congress, one at Wolverhampton in 1867, and the other at Swansea in 1879.
* ‘A Catechism of Music … based … on Dr. Hullah's Educational Works,’ London, 1878, 8vo.
* ‘Plain Song,’ London, 1878, 8vo, being one of Novello, Ewer, & Co.'s ‘Music Primers.’
* ‘A fuller Directory of the Plain Song of the Holy Communion Service,’ London, 1881, 8vo.
* ‘The Hymnal Noted,’ published under the sanction of the Ecclesiological Society.
* The music to three of Dr. John Mason Neale's translations of ‘Hymns of the Eastern Church,’ viz. ‘Peace, it is I,’ ‘The Day is Past and Over,’ and ‘'Tis the Day of Resurrection.’
[Men of the Time, 11th edit.; Crockford's Clerical Directory, 1890; Times, 9 July 1890, p. 5; Grove's Dict. of Music.]
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Twyford, Josiah

Joshua Twyford in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
​TWYFORD, JOSIAH (1640–1729), potter, was born in 1640 at Shelton, near Stoke-on-Trent. About 1690 he was employed by John Philip Elers [q. v.], in his pottery works. Elers had settled at Bradwell Wood, near Burslem, shortly before, and had established a pottery there. His processes were carefully kept secret, persons of small intelligence being selected by him ​as assistants. His precautions, however, were unavailing, for his secrets were discovered independently by John Astbury [q. v.], who feigned idiocy, and by Twyford, who deceived Elers by showing entire indifference to every operation in which he assisted.
After mastering Elers's processes, Twyford commenced a manufactory of his own near Shelton Old Hall, the seat of the family of Elijah Fenton [q. v.], on the site of the present parish church of Shelton. He made red and white stone wares, and was one of the first to employ Bideford pipeclay in his work. An old porringer, inscribed ‘Mr. Thomas ffenton,’ which was presented to Thomas Fenton (a relative of Elijah Fenton) by Twyford, is still in the possession of Thomas Fenton of Stoke Lodge.
Twyford died in 1729, and was buried in the churchyard of the parish church of Stoke-upon-Trent. The Bath Street pottery in the neighbourhood is carried on by his descendant, Mr. Thomas William Twyford.
E. I. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Twining, William

​TWINING, WILLIAM (1790–1835), army surgeon, was the son of the Rev. William Twining, and was born in 1790 in Nova Scotia, whither his grandfather, the Rev. Griffith Twining of Clarbeston, Pembrokeshire, an offshoot of the Twinings of Pershore, went as a missionary in 1770. William Twining studied at Guy's Hospital in 1808 under Sir Astley Cooper, attended the anatomical classes of Joshua Brookes, who appointed him his demonstrator, became a fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons, and in 1810 went to Portugal as hospital assistant in Wellington's army, and served throughout the Peninsular war. In March 1814 he was promoted to be assistant ​surgeon on Lord Hill's staff, entered Paris with the allies, and was afterwards present at Waterloo. After the war he remained attached to Lord Hill until 1817, when he was stationed at Portsmouth. In 1819 he was at the hospital at Chatham, and for a short time staff assistant at the cavalry depôt at Maidstone. Tiring of garrison duty, he accepted an offer from Sir Edward Paget [q. v.], who had been appointed governor of Ceylon, of the post of personal surgeon, joined him in Ceylon in 1821, and accompanied him when appointed commander-in-chief of the Indian army to Bengal and the provinces. In 1824 he entered the East India Company's service, by Paget's influence, as assistant surgeon on the Bengal establishment, not resigning his king's commission, however, till 1830. After leaving Paget's staff he was appointed senior permanent assistant at the general hospital at Calcutta, a post which he held till his death, combining his hospital duties with the offices of surgeon to the gaol and to the Upper Orphan School, Kidderpore, and with a large private practice. He was also an active member of the Medical and Physical Society, in which he succeeded Dr. John Adams as secretary in 1830, and to which he contributed a number of important papers. In 1828 he printed a work on ‘Diseases of the Spleen, particularly … in Bengal,’ followed by a treatise on cholera (published in London in 1833); and in 1832 appeared his great work, ‘Clinical Illustrations of the more important Diseases of Bengal,’ the most valuable contribution to the scientific knowledge of Indian diseases so far published. The Indian government subsidised its expenses, and a second and enlarged edition was brought out in 1835. He died at Calcutta on 25 Aug. 1835. In 1817 he was married to Miss Montgomery. His only child was married to Frederick Cleeve, C.B.
[Bengal Obituary, 1848; Facts in the History of the Twining Family, Supplement, 1893.]
S. L-P.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Twiss, Richard

​TWISS, RICHARD (1747–1821), miscellaneous writer, born at Rotterdam on 26 April 1747, was the son of an English merchant residing in Holland. Francis Twiss [q. v.] was his younger brother. Having an ample fortune, he devoted himself to travelling, and visited Scotland. He afterwards went on the continent, and journeyed through Holland, Belgium, France, Switzerland, Italy, ​Germany, and Bohemia till 1770, when he returned to England. In 1772 he went to Spain and Portugal, returning the following year. Of this journey he published an account, entitled ‘Travels through Portugal and Spain in 1772 and 1773,’ London, 1775, 4to; the volume contains a fine print of ‘Our Lady of the Fish,’ drawn by Cypriani and engraved by Bartolozzi, and was pronounced by Dr. Johnson ‘as good as the first book of travels you will take up.’ The work appeared the same year in 12mo in Dublin, and French and German editions were issued the following year. In 1775 he visited Ireland, and then wrote his ‘Tour in Ireland in 1775,’ London, 1776, 8vo, of which there were several Irish editions. In the appendix he states he had taken sixteen sea voyages and travelled altogether about twenty-seven thousand miles. This book was very unpopular in Ireland. It evoked ‘An Heroic Epistle’ from Donna Teresa Pinna y Ruiz of Murcia, a lady whose acquaintance he formed when in that town, humorously complaining in the stilted verse then fashionable that he had deserted his Pinna for Hibernia. Twiss published the lines with explanatory notes, and responded in similar strain with ‘An Heroic Answer from R. Twiss, esq., to Donna Teresa,’ Dublin, 1776, 12mo.
He subsequently devoted himself to literature and fine arts and to speculations in endeavouring to manufacture paper out of straw, whereby he seriously impaired his fortune. He, however, revisited France during the revolution, the account of which appeared as ‘A Trip to Paris in July and August 1792,’ London, 1793, 8vo, which was also issued in two vols. 12mo in Dublin.
Twiss was elected a fellow of the Royal Society in 1774, but withdrew from it in 1794. He died in Somers Town on 5 March 1821.
In addition to the works already named, he wrote two volumes of miscellaneous notes on ‘Chess,’ published anonymously, London, 1787–89, 8vo; and was author of ‘Miscellanies,’ London, 1805, 2 vols. 8vo.
[English Cyclop.; Gent. Mag. 1821, i. 284; Georgian Era, iii. 465; Annual Biogr. and Obituary, 1823, pp. 446–50; J. G. Alger's Englishmen in the French Revolution, pp. 129–30; information kindly supplied by R. Harrison, esq., assist. sec. Roy. Soc.; Brit. Mus. Cat.]
B. B. W.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Twisleton, Edward Turner Boyd

​TWISLETON, EDWARD TURNER BOYD (1809–1874), politician, born at Ceylon on 24 May 1809, was youngest son of Thomas James Twisleton (1770–1824), archdeacon of Colombo, by his second wife, Anne, daughter and coheir of Benjamin Ash of Bath; she died on 11 Sept. 1847, leaving four children (Gent. Mag. March 1825, pp. 275–6). Thomas Twisleton, baron Saye and Sele, was his grandfather. Edward matriculated from Oriel College, Oxford, on 14 Feb. 1826, was a scholar and exhibitioner of Trinity College 1826–30, graduated B.A. 1829, taking first-class honours in classics, M.A. 1834, and was a fellow of Balliol College 1830–8. Entering Lincoln's Inn as a student in 1831, he was called to the bar at the Inner Temple on 30 Jan. 1835, and soon obtained employment on several government commissions. He was an assistant poor-law commissioner in 1839. In 1843 he was appointed a commissioner to inquire into the Scottish poor laws, and on 5 Nov. 1845 he was nominated chief commissioner of the poor laws in Ireland, a post which he held until 1849. In 1855 he was placed on the Oxford University commission, and in 1861 became a member of the commission of inquiry into English public schools. From 1862 to 1870 he was a civil service commissioner, when he retired from the public service, having probably served on more commissions than any other man of his time. His elder brother having succeeded to the barony of Saye and Sele on 13 March 1847, Twisleton in the following year was raised to the rank of a baron's son by a royal warrant. On 29 April 1859 he unsuccessfully contested the parliamentary borough of Cambridge. He was elected a fellow of the university of London in 1862, and an honorary student of Christ Church, Oxford, in 1869. Interesting himself in the controversy respecting the identity of Junius, he employed Charles Chabot [q. v.], the handwriting expert, to report on the Junian manuscripts at the British Museum. He came to the conclusion that Philip Francis was the author of the letters, and in 1871 he published Charles Chabot's ‘Handwriting of Junius professionally investigated,’ 1871, to which he furnished a preface and collateral evidence in support of the claims of Francis. Twisleton resided at 3 Rutland Gate, Hyde Park, London, but died at Boulogne-sur-Mer on 5 Oct. 1874, having married, on 19 May 1852, Ellen, daughter of Edward Dwight, member for the province of Massachusetts. She died on 17 May 1862, apparently without issue.
Twisleton was the author of a work entitled ‘The Tongue not Essential to Speech, with Illustrations of the Power of Speech in the African Confessors,’ 1873. To ‘Evidences as to the Religious Working of the Mission Schools in the State of Massachusetts,’ 1854, he contributed a preface.
[Men of the Time, 1872, p. 927; Illustr. London News, 17 Oct. 1874 p. 379, 5 Dec. p. 547; Law Times, October 1874, p. 439; Times, 10 Oct. 1874, 4 Dec.]
G. C. B.