OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# American Medical Biographies/Lefevre, John M.

​Lefevre, John M. (1857–1907)
John M. Lefevre was a well-known and very popular practitioner in the early days of Vancouver, British Columbia, and a member of the Board of Directors of the General Hospital, in which he exhibited a lively interest, also taking a prominent part in the establishment of the new hospital, which was completed shortly after his death in 1907. He held the M. D. and C. M. from McGill University (1879) and the M. R. C. S., England, 1896.
He was surgeon to the Canadian Pacific Railway during construction, and to the Company in Vancouver.
Dr. Lefevre was a good diagnostician and took a keen interest in his professional work. He spent a year among the hospitals of Europe, and before returning presented himself for examination and passed the membership of the Royal College of Surgeons of England.
After a short illness he died, in 1907, aged fifty years.
# American Medical Biographies/Briggs, William Thompson

​Briggs, William Thompson (1828–1894)
W. T. Briggs, surgeon and obstetrician, the son of Dr. John McPherson and Harriet Morehead Briggs, was born at Bowling Green, Kentucky, on December 4, 1828. After studying with his father he graduated from the medical department of Transylvania University in 1850 and was made demonstrator of anatomy in the University of Nashville. He settled down at Nashville in partnership with Dr. John M. Watson.
As a surgeon he did good work; ligating the internal carotid artery for traumatic aneurysm, removing both upper jaws for gunshot injury; amputating at the hip joint for elephantiasis arabum (the leg weighed 80 pounds), and he removed over 300 ovarian tumors.
His most important publications were:
"History of Surgery in Middle Tennessee;" "Enchondromatous Tumors of the Head, Forearm and Hand" (1871); "Trephining in Epilepsy" (1869); "The Surgical Treatment of Epilepsy" (1884).
He was one of the founders of the American Surgical Association and its president in 1885; a member of the Southern Surgical and Gynecological Association; staff surgeon to the Nashville City Hospital; adjunct professor of anatomy in the University of Nashville, and ​in that institution, successively, professor of surgical anatomy and professor of obstetrics and diseases of women and children, and professor of surgery.
He married in 1851, Annie E., daughter of Samuel Stubbins, of Bowling Green, and had four children. The three sons became doctors. Charles S., Waldo, and Samuel S.
# American Medical Biographies/Brickell, John (1749–1809)

​Brickell, John (1749–1809)
John Brickell was born in or about the year 1749, in County Louth, Ireland, and died at Savannah, Georgia, December 22, 1809. He came to America about 1770, and it is very likely that he was the John Brickell who entered King's College (now Columbia University), New York, in 1774, but had not completed the course when the activities of the institution were suspended in 1776. Shortly afterward, during the Revolution, he settled in Georgia, and practised medicine for many years at Savannah. He was recognized as an accomplished scholar and a sincere patriot. Outside of his professional work, his chief interest was in the science of botany. He was a correspondent of Muhlenberg; and, of his five papers contributed to the earlier volumes (1798–1809) of the Medical Respository, two were devoted to descriptions of plants found by him near Savannah. Brickellia, a genus of Compositae, was dedicated to his memory by Stephen Elliott in 1823. Dr. Brickell's only surviving relative, at least in Georgia, seems to have been his brother James, to whom he left all of his property by will.
# American Medical Biographies/Brickner, Samuel Max

​Brickner, Samuel Max (1867–1916)
Samuel Max Brickner was born at Rochester, New York, January 11, 1867, the son of Max Brickner, president of the Rochester Chamber of Commerce. He graduated from the University of Rochester in 1888, and took his medical degree in 1891, at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, where he won the first Harsen clinical prize. He did post-graduate work in Berlin, Leipzig and Vienna, and later served on the house staffs of the Sloane Maternity Hospital and of Ml. Sinai Hospital, with which he remained connected until 1913, when ill health compelled him to resign his position as associate gynecologist. As he approached middle life, he had already made his mark in obstetrics and gynecology, when he was stricken with tuberculosis and eventually compelled to give up active work. In 1914, he retired with his family to Saranac Lake, where he occupied himself with literature during the short remaining period of his life. In this field, he had had previous experience in newspaper work in his youth, as one of the associate editors of the New York Medical Journal, as a reader of manuscripts submitted to publishing houses, and as a talented writer of light verse. In 1915, he started and edited the Medical Pickwick, a literary magazine for physicians, devoted to the humorous and picturesque side of medicine, which he edited with success for a year or more. He was a man of attractive personality, quiet in demeanor, modest, friendly and charming in every way. During his last illness, he delighted his friends with his bright cheerful letters, and with brief occasional poems, of which the lines written for the unveiling of the Stevenson memorial tablet at Saranac Lake and the copy of verses entitled "The Feast" are the most remarkable. In his calm perception of the fact that death was not far off at any time and in the unfaltering courage with which he met his end, he was the "peak-faced and suffering piper" of Stevenson's lines, a cheerful, serene spirit to the last. He died on May 4, 1916, at the age of 49, and was buried from Mount Hope Chapel, Rochester, New York. He married Miss Josephine Hays, of Rochester, and was survived by his widow and two sons.
His contributions to gynecology and obstetrics include:
"A short umbilical cord as a cause of distocia, with a description of a new symptom" (1889); "On the physiological character of the pain of parturition," (1899); "Unvollständiger angeborener Querverschluss der Scheide, nebst einer Theorie zur Erklärung seines Ursprunges" (1903); "Fibroma molluscum gravidarum. A new clinical entity" (1906); "Some causes of failure in plastic operations on the female genitalia" (1907); "The unfavorable influence of pregnancy upon chronic progressive deafness" (1911).
# American Medical Biographies/Brinton, Jeremiah Bernard

​Brinton, Jeremiah Bernard (1835–1894)
J. Bernard Brinton, physician and botanist, was born on August 16, 1835, near Waynesburg, Chester County, Pennsylvania; his parents were members of the Society of Friends, his father being Jacob Lindley Brinton and his mother Annie Bernard. He lived for a short time in Philadelphia, where he attended the Philadelphia High School, and then moved to a farm in Maryland. In 1857 he began to study medicine and graduated at Jefferson Medical College in 1859. He practised and was lecturer on practical anatomy at the Philadelphia School of Anatomy and Operative Surgery
Soon after the Civil war broke out he applied for a position as assistant surgeon and was commissioned in 1862; in 1863 he was appointed medical purveyor to the Army of the Potomac and held this position until the close of the war, when he was mustered out with the rank of major. During this time he kept up his interest in botany and continued collecting plants; his collections were captured by Colonel Mosby, the guerilla in the Confederate Army, who burned them.
He returned to Philadelphia and after a few years' practice retired from medicine and engaged in business. He joined the Academy of Natural Sciences in 1878, and the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 1884, when the Association met in Philadelphia and Brinton acted as guide to the visiting botanists to the pine barren region of New Jersey; it was on this occasion that he showed the Schicaea pusilla (Pursh) to Asa Gray and to Carruthers, president of the Linnaean Society. He became an active member of the Torrey Botanical Club and was its president until his death.
Brinton made a study of the Pine Barrens of New Jersey, in which he was an authority; although he published little, he made many exchanges and corresponded with American botanists. He was a large collector and dexterous in dissecting botanical specimens; his skill as a cabinet-maker made it possible for him to make his herbarium cases, cabinets and stands, excellent examples of amateur work. He was noted for great accuracy and painstaking work; he had a remarkable memory for names and persons.
In 1862 Dr. Brinton married Sallie W. Clemens of Philadelphia; his wife died before him, but a daughter and two sons survived him.
He died suddenly in Philadelphia December 6, 1894.
# American Medical Biographies/Brock, Hugh Workman

​Brock, Hugh Workham (1830–1882)
The history of the medical profession of West Virginia would be incomplete without mention of Hugh W. Brock. The formal outline of such a man's life or even biographic detail, however suggestive, can ill represent the value of his rare and gifted personality and his scientific skill. Of American parentage, English-Scotch by descent, he was born January 5, 1830, at Blacksville, Virginia, and educated at private schools and various academies. He began to study medicine with Dr. Charles McLane of Morgantown. In 1850 he entered the Jefferson Medical College and two years later received his doctor's degree. Returning to Morgantown, he became a partner of Dr. McLane, and from that time until his death, April 24, 1882, he was a leading physician and surgeon in Morgantown, becoming more and more a recognized authority not only in West Virginia but in the neighboring parts of Pennsylvania.
From his college days he was an enthusiastic student of anatomy. With him the scientific spirit once aroused, could never slumber. Chemical analysis, microscopic study of organic tissue, constant practice in dissections, busied even his lighter hours. If the material were not at hand, he ordered it from the great cities, and many a gruesome box lent skill and certainty to his surgical touch. Profoundly interested as he was in pathology and ready always to minister to the relief of the suffering, the more exact demands of scientific surgery still more strongly attracted him. As field surgeon with Sheridan at Winchester, he had gained valuable experience.
Active in the formation of the West Virginia Medical Society, he became its second president, for many years acted on its board of censors and constantly contributed to its transactions. He was one of the early promoters of the State Historical Society and succeeded in effecting an initial organization in connection with the university. From the establishment of the West Virginia University he was a special lecturer to the classes in anatomy, physiology and hygiene. For five years he was resident member of the Board of Regents and in 1878 accepted a professorship in the university with the intention of making this chair a nucleus for a future medical school. He was one of the early fellows of the American Surgical Association, and at the request of members his portrait was added to the collections of physicians and surgeons known as the Mütter Museum.
In 1878 he married Isabella, daughter of the Rev. Andrew Stevenson, D. D., of New York City, but left no children. His death was due to pneumonia contracted from physical exposure on professional duty. Hitherto no serious illness had hampered his activity.
"A useful life ended but not the memory of its beneficence."
# American Medical Biographies/Brodie, William

​Brodie, William (1823–1890)
William Brodie was born at Fawley Court, England; July 26, 1823, but in 1832 his father emigrated and settled on a farm twelve miles west, of Rochester, New York. William had his general education at a district school and the Collegiate Institute at Brockport, New York. In 1847 he became a student with Dr. William Wilson of Pontiac, Michigan, and after one course of lectures in Berkshire Medical Institution at Pittsfield, Massachusetts, one in Vermont Medical College at Woodstock, Vermont, and one in the College of Physicians and Surgeons of New York, he took his M. D. from the last in 1850, at once beginning practice in Detroit, Michigan. In 1807 he was secretary of the American Medical Association and its president in 1886. He was one of the editors of the Peninsular Medical Journal, 1855–56–57; editor of New Preparations, 1879–80; editor of the Therapeutic Gazette from 1880 to 1885; president of the Michigan State Medical Society, 1876; from 1850 to 1863 he was surgeon to St. Mary's Hospital; president of the Wayne County Medical Society (Detroit) from 1876 to 1890 excepting two years; a founder of the ​Detroit Medical Society (1852–59), and its president in 1855; professor of clinical medicine in the Michigan College of Medicine and for many years he was the motive power of the Wayne County Medical Society, maintaining a club feature of refreshments and social discussion at all meetings, thus attracting the members. Dr. Brodie was the first surgeon to volunteer from Detroit during the Civil War and was commissioned surgeon of the First Regiment, Michigan Volunteers, and took charge of the wounded during the first battle of Bull Run. Later he was appointed brigade surgeon with Gen. Fremont. His friends, before antiseptic surgery was introduced, used to wonder that Dr. Brodie's surgical cases rarely suppurated. The fact was, from his natural neatness of person, clothes and surroundings, including instruments, he was aseptic all the time. Dr. Brodie was about five feet ten inches tall, of medium weight with reddish-gray hair, closely cut whiskers, nervous manner, energetic movement, always pushing for some person or thing; quite ready to fight obstacles opposing his plans.
In November, 1851, he married Jane Whitfield, daughter of James Whitfield, of England, by whom he had two sons and one daughter. One son, Benjamin P., became a doctor.
Dr. William Brodie died at his home in Detroit, July 30, 1890, from the results of vascular degeneration. His writings are to be found in the Transactions of the American Medical Association, and in the Peninsular Medical Journal for the most part.
# American Medical Biographies/Brooks, John

​Brooks, John (1752–1825)
John Brooks, colonel in the Continental Army, governor of Massachusetts, president of the Massachusetts Medical Society, was born in Medford, Massachusetts, May 31, 1752. The son of a farmer, he received his education at the town school and at the age of fourteen was apprenticed to Dr. Simon Tufts, Jr., of Medford, for seven years, according to the custom of the day. At school he was the companion and friend of Count Rumford. Dr. Brooks at the termination of his apprenticeship began to practise in the neighboring town of Reading.
He interested himself in raising a company of minute men in his town, and was chosen commander. On the news of the Battle of Lexington he marched to the front at once with his company and assisted in harassing the British on their retreat. He was actively engaged in the military operations of the Revolution, with the rank of colonel, and was designated by Gen. Washington for the command of a brigade at its close.
Settling in Medford after the war was over he engaged in active practice, and was one of the early members of the Massachusetts Medical Society and its president from 1823 to the time of his death in 1825, preceding James Jackson in this office.
In 1816 he was elected Governor of the Commonwealth and served seven years in that capacity. Yale College conferred her honorary A. M. upon him in 1781, and Harvard the same in 1787, and and he received the Hon. M. D. from Harvard College in 1810, also LL. D. in 1817.
He was president of the Society of the Cincinnati, president of the Bible Society of Massachusetts and a member of the Academy of Arts and Sciences.
He died March 1, 1825, in his seventy-third year. His wife, Lucy Smith, of Medford, died early in life, leaving two sons and a daughter. One son was a major of artillery in the United States Army and the other, a lieutenant in the navy, was killed in the battle of Lake Eric.
As a physician Dr. Brooks was a good diagnostician and conservative in treatment. His anniversary oration before the Massachusetts Medical Society in 1808 is preserved in its transactions, with the title, "Pneumonic Inflammation." He published also an oration delivered before the Society of the Cincinnati (1887), a discourse before the Humane Society (1795) and a eulogy of Washington (1800).
# American Medical Biographies/Brinton, John Hill

​ Brinton, John Hill (1832–1907)
John Hill Brinton was born in Philadelphia May 21, 1832. He received his M.D. from Jefferson Medical College in 1852; from the University of Pennsylvania A.M. in 1853 and LL.D. in 1901. After a year's post-graduate work in Paris and Vienna he began to practise in Philadelphia. He served in the Civil War and was with Grant in the Tennessee and Cumberland River campaign in 1862; the same year he was ordered to Washington for duty in the office of the Surgeon General, and while there worked on the first part of the "Medical and Surgical History of the War of the Rebellion," writing the article on Gunshot Wounds; also he started the nucleus of the ​Army Medical Museum. He was ordered to active service under General Rosecrans and served as medical director in the field in the Missouri campaign. Later he was made superintendent of the hospitals in Nashville, Tennessee, and medical director of the army of the Cumberland.
At the close of the war Brinton was appointed lecturer on operative surgery in Jefferson College, and later professor of the practice of surgery and clinical surgery, and surgeon to Jefferson Hospital. In 1869 he was Mütter lecturer on surgery and pathology; he was chairman of the committee on the Mütter Museum at the College of Physicians, Philadelphia.
A cerebral hemorrhage was the cause of his death, March 18, 1907, at his home, 1423 Spruce Street, Philadelphia.
# An Ainu–English–Japanese Dictionary

AN
AINU-ENGLISH-JAPANESE DICTIONARY
(Including a Grammar of the Ainu Language)
by the
Rev. JOHN BATCHELOR F. R. G. S.
Author of The Ainu of Japan—The Ainu and their Folk-lore—Sea-girt Yezo, etc.
アイヌ。英。和辭典
及
アイヌ語文典
SECOND EDITION
TOKYO
Published by the METHODIST PUBLISHING HOUSE, Ginza, Tokyo
London KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH, TRUBNER, Co.
1905

## Table of Contents

* (Printing information)
* Dedication
* (Foreword)
* Preface
* Introduction
* List of Abbreviations
* Part I: An Ainu–English–Japanese Dictionary
   * A (ア).
   * B.
   * C (チ).
   * D.
   * E (エ).
   * F (フ).
   * H (ハ).
   * I (イ).
   * K (ケ).
   * M (マ).
   * N (ナ).
   * O (オ).
   * P (ピ).
   * R (ラ).
   * S (サ).
   * T (タ).
   * U (ウ).
   * W (ワ).
   * Y (ヤ).
* Part II: A Grammar of the Ainu Language
   * Preface
   * Chapter I.: Introduction
      * § I. Works on Ainu Grammar.
      * § II. Ainu and Japanese compared.
      * § III. Word-building.
      * § IV. Root affinities between Japanese and Ainu.
      * § V. Place names considered.
         * Part I. The Koropok-guru or Pit-dwellers of North Japan.
         * Part II. A critical examination into Topographical nomenclature.
      * § VI. Yezo and Saghalien Ainu.
      * § VII. Agglutinization.
      * § VIII. Hebrew words resembling Ainu.
      * § IX. Ainu and Basque.
      * § X. Ainu and the Aryan connection.
   * Chapter II.: Orthography
   * Chapter III.: Letter Changes
   * Chapter IV.: The Article
   * Chapter V.: The Noun
   * Chapter VI.: The Adjective
   * Chapter VII.: The Numerals
   * Chapter VIII.: The Pronoun
   * Chapter IX.: The Verb
   * Chapter X.: The Adverb
   * Chapter XI.: The Interjection
   * Chapter XII.: The Vowels a, e, i, o, and u
   * Chapter XIII.: Postpositions
   * Chapter XIV.: Syntax
* ↑ The Author has thought it best to give the headings of the separate sections contained in the introductory chapter in case any Reader should desire to study any one of them in particular, while for the rest, the bare subject only has been announced as a heading.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
The longest-living author of this work died in 1944, so this work is in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 79 years or less. This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# An Ainu–English–Japanese Dictionary/Chapter I/Section IX

But another very interesting question presents itself to us in this place. It it this. Is not the Ainu language connected with Basque? If so it can of course have no affinity with Heblrew, for that language has been adjudged outside the Turanian classification of language, while Basque, being of Tartar origin is included in it. Max Müller in vol. 111, page 429, quotes Bunsen as saying—“I have convinced myself from the grammar and dictionary that Basque is Turanian.” And Borrows is also of opinion that “Basque is of Tartar origin.”
It would not be at all surprising to find that the two are connected, seeing that, as has already been intimated the original Ainu in all probability came through Tartary to Japan. A very curious thing about them is that the ancient Basque and Ainu customs of Couvade, ridiculous as they were, resembled each other to a great degree. Compare Max Müler vol. 11, page 273 with “The Ainu and their Folkore” Chapter XXIII. ​The following are a few Basque and Ainu words resembling one another. The writer culled them out of a copy of Genesis in the Basque language he has by him. The idea of a possible affinity was suggested to him by Mr. Dodson, of Lisbon, himself a Basque scholar. This gentleman also sent him a list of words resembling Ainu which he has unfortunately quite lost in moving from one place to another. They are given here in the hope that some one who knows Basque will compare that language with this grammar and dictionary.
| Basque. | English. | Ainu. | English. |
| Arima, | Soul, life, | Ramat | Soul, life. |
| Etche, | House, | Chisei, | House. |
| Emazte, | Wife, woman, | Mat, Machi, | Woman. Female. Wife. |
| Hastea, | Begin, | Heashi, | To begin. |
| Hatssa | Breath, | Hussa, | To breath, to blow with the mouth. |
| Passaia | Walk | Apkash, Paye | Walk, go. |
* ↑ “Chips from a German workshop.”
* ↑ Compare also the Russian мать, “mother.”
# An Ainu–English–Japanese Dictionary/B

No initial sentence in Yezo Ainu ever properly commences with a b. But in composition p is often nigoried into b. For every word therefore having the sound of b the reader is referred to the same under p.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/White, Thomas (1)

From volume 4 of the work.
​White, Thomas, s. Joseph, of Ellosten, co. Stafford, cler. Merton Coll., matric. 29 April, 1729, aged 18; B.A. 19 Feb., 1732-3, vicar of Dunchurch, co. Warwick, preb. and sacrist Lichfield Cathedral 1747, until his death 3 May, 1784.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/White, Thomas (3)

From volume 4 of the work.
​White, Thomas, 'servant to Dr. Buckler;' privilegiatus 16 May, 1778.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/White, Thomas (5)

From volume 4 of the work.
​White, Thomas, s. Luke, of Dublin, arm. Magdalen Coll., matric. 16 March, 1804, aged 20; of Woodlands, co. Dublin, high sheriff 1840, colonel county militia, died 4 May, 1847, brother of Henry, Baron Annaly. See Foster's Peerage.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/White, Thomas Armstrong

From volume 4 of the work.
​White, Thomas Armstrong, 1s. Thomas Augustus, of Caihar, East Indies, gent. Hertford Coll., matric. 27 Oct., 1885, aged 19.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/White, Thomas Holt (2)

From volume 4 of the work.
​White, Thomas Holt, 1s. Algernon Holt, of Hawkwell, Essex, arm. Oriel Coll., matric. 22 May, 1861, aged 18; brother of Rashleigh.