OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# American Medical Biographies/Pilcher, Paul Monroe

​Pilcher, Paul Monroe (1876–1917)
Paul Monroe Pilcher, eminent surgeon and urologist, was born April 11, 1876, in Brooklyn, New York, the son of Lewis Stephen Pilcher, distinguished surgeon and erudite editor of the Annals of Surgery, and of Martha S. Phillips. After his early training in the Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute he graduated A. B. from the University of Michigan in 1898. From the College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York he received the degree of Doctor of Medicine in 1900, and at the same time an A. M. from Columbia University.
After two years' residence in the Seney Hospital with his father as the senior surgeon he went abroad to come in contact with Nitze and von Frisch, and to get that poise in a life-work best secured by an intimate comparison of the old world with the new. He studied for a year in Goettingen, Vienna and Berlin, and returning home received appointments in the Seney, German, St. John's and Jewish Hospitals, later he resigned these to devote his energies to the development of a private hospital which he conducted with his father and his brothers. His work here was notable, and along other than strictly surgical lines. His methods of working up cases and his hospital reports and his follow up work remain as models.
His strong bent was toward urology with a splendid experience in general surgery as a background.
He issued the translation of Rovsing's Abdominal Surgery from the Danish, and he was the author of many scientific papers. From 1907 to 1911 he edited the Long Island Medical Journal. In 1911 he published an admirable text-book on "Practical Cystoscopy and the Diagnosis of Surgical Diseases of the Kidney and Urinary Bladder," a beautifully illustrated, fresh, lucid exposition of the new science of cystoscopy, a possession of permanent value which perhaps constitutes his most important claim to recognition as a pioneer.
To Hugh Cabot's Textbook of Modern Urology he contributed the chapter on Prostatic Obstructions, in which are embodied important original studies and methods. This was his last work, fatal illness overtaking him shortly after the completion of the manuscript.
Pilcher was operating surgeon at the Eastern Long Island Hospital at Greenport, and a member of the American Surgical and American Urological Associations and other medical societies.
In 1905 he married Mary Finlay of Montclair, New Jersey, who survived him with two sons, Lewis Stephen, 2nd, and Paul Monroe.
​Of medium height with slight, spare figure and with keen, bright, expressive eyes, Pilcher had an attractive personality and was the embodiment of scientific and incessant application to professional work.
He died of pneumonia in Brooklyn, January 4, 1917.
# American Medical Biographies/Peterson, Robert Evans

​Peterson, Robert Evans (1812–1894)
Robert Evans Peterson, publisher, was born in Philadelphia, November 12, 1812, son of George and Jane Evans Peterson. He received a commercial education and engaged in the hardware business until 1834, when he married Hannah Mary, only daughter of Judge John Bouvier. He then studied law with his father-in-law and assisted him in editing his law works. He was admitted to the bar in 1843, and in order to absolve the debt of his clients, Daniels and Smith, booksellers, purchased their business, conducting it as R. E. Peterson & Co. On the death of his father-in-law, in 1851, he established with George W. Childs the publishing house of Childs & Peterson, which became involved in 1857–8. Mr. Peterson then retired from the publishing and bookselling business and took up the study of medicine. He was graduated at the University of Pennsylvania M. D. in 1863, but did not practise, devoting his life to study. He presented Judge Bouvier's valuable law library to the University of Pennsylvania.
His wife died in 1870 at the home of her son-in-law, George W. Childs, Long Branch, New Jersey, and he was married a second time, in 1872, to Blanche, sister of Louis M. Gottschalk, the pianist; after her death in 1879 he was married to her sister Clara.
He published Bouvier's "Law Dictionary" and Bouvier's "Institutes of American Law edited "Familiar Science a Guide to Scientific Knowledge of Things Familiar," Dr. Kane's "Arctic Explorations" and numerous textbooks. He was the author of "The Roman Catholic Church not the Only True Religion; Not an Infallible Church," 1869.
He died in Asbury Park, N. J., October 30, 1894.
# American Medical Biographies/Pickering, Charles

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​Pickering, Charles (1805–1878)
Charles Pickering, known to the scientific world as an anthropologist and botanist, was of good New England stock, being a grandson of Col. Timothy Pickering, a member of Washington's military family and of his first cabinet. He was born on Starucca Creek, Upper Susquehanna, Pennsylvania, on a grant of land owned by his grandfather, November 10, 1805. His father, Timothy Pickering, died when 30, leaving Charles and his brother Edward to the care of their mother.
He left Harvard before graduation, but was given his A. B. out of course in 1849 and A. M. in 1850. He received his M. D. there in 1826. In his earlier years he used to make botanical expeditions with William Oakes, and when he settled in Philadelphia in 1829, he had a strong bent towards natural science, very soon being appointed one of the curators at the Academy of Natural Sciences. During this time he published a brief essay on "The ​Geographical Distribution and Leading Characters of the United States Flora." When the United States Exploring Expedition was organized in the autumn of 1838 to sail for the South Seas, Pickering was elected as the principal zoologist, and the fame of that expedition rests chiefly on the work he then did with Professor Dana. Although Pickering retained the ichthyology, he went keenly into the geographical distribution of animals and plants; to the latter especially as affected by the operations and movements of the races of man. A year after the expedition, and at his own expense, he visited Egypt, Arabia, Eastern Africa and Western and Northern India, publishing in 1848 his volume, "The Races of Men and Their Geographical Distribution" (vol. ix, Wilkes' "Exploring Expedition Report"). In the fifteenth volume appeared his "Geographical Distribution of Animals and Plants." He had no better luck than many a scientist, for, in the course of printing, Congressional appropriations stopped and therefore the publication of further Reports. He brought out in 1854 a small edition of the first part of his essay and in 1876 a more bulky one "On Plants and Animals in Their Wild State." These writings and some contributions to scientific journals, notably to the "Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge," constituted his no mean help to the study of natural science, but he had been long and lovingly working on a book yet unfinished when he died, a book edited afterwards by his wife, Sarah S. Pickering, and appearing in 1879 entitled, "Chronological History of Plants, or Man's Record of His Own Existence."
Professor Harshberger says he was singularly retiring and reticent, dry in ordinary intercourse, but to those who knew him well, communicative and genial.
He was a member of the American Philosophical Society and a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, to both of which he made contributions.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Snowe, Richard

From volume 4 of the work.
​Snowe, Richard, s. Thomas, of Southwark, Surrey, gent. University Coll., matric. 4 June, 1741, aged 18.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Snowe, William Nash

From volume 4 of the work.
​Snowe, William Nash, 1s. William Haviland, of St. Andrew's, Plymouth, arm. Worcester Coll., matric. 20 April, 1825, aged 19; B.A. 1829, perp. curate Alston Moor, Cumberland, 1852, until his death 30 Jan., 1862.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Soame, (Sir) Peter (Bart.)

From volume 4 of the work.
​Soame, (Sir) Peter (Bart.), s. Peter, of Haydon, Essex. Christ Church, matric. 21 Jan., 1724-5, aged 17; 4th baronet, a gentleman of the Privy Chamber, died 7 Sep., 1798.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Snowdon, George

From volume 4 of the work.
​Snowdon, George, s. Richard, of Lodswell, Devon, pleb. Trinity Coll., matric. 8 April, 1731, aged 18; B.A. 1734, M.A. 1737.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Snowdon, James

From volume 4 of the work.
​Snowdon, James, s. Ralph, of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, gent. Lincoln Coll., matric. 20 Feb., 1735-6, aged 17, B.A. 1739; M.A. from Merton Coll. 1742, B.D. 1756, and D.D, 1756, vicar of Ponteland, Northumberland, 1762.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Snowdon, Richard Kemplay

From volume 4 of the work.
​Snowdon, Richard Kemplay, 3s. Henry, of Leeds, Yorks, arm. Brasenose Coll., matric. 13 June, 1857, aged 18; scholar Lincoln Coll. 1858-61, B.A. 1861, M.A. 1864, vicar of Clifford, Yorks, 1881.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Snowden, Rev. Harcourt Charles Vaux

From volume 4 of the work.
​Snowden, Rev. Harcourt Charles Vaux, 2s. George Silvanus, of Ramsgate, Kent, arm. St. Edmund Hall, matric. 17 Oct., 1863, aged 19; B.A. 1866, M.A. 1882.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Snowden, Richard

From volume 4 of the work.
​Snowden, Richard, 1s. William, of Doncaster, Yorks, cler. Queen's Coll., matric. 6 July, 1829, aged 18; B.A. 1834.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Snowden, John Hampden

From volume 4 of the work.
​Snowden, John Hampden, 2s. John, of Bishop's Hull, Somerset, arm. University Coll., matric. 20 May, 1847, aged 18; B.A. 1851, M.A. 1853, held various curacies 1851-63, vicar of Holy Trinity, Gough Square, 1866-70, of Christ Church, Woburn Square, 1870-8 and of Hammersmith 1878. See Eton School Lists.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Soames, Clarence John

From volume 4 of the work.
​Soames, Clarence John, 2s. George, of St. Mary Abchurch, London, gent. St. John's Coll., matric. 28 March, 1843, aged 19; B.A. 1847, M.A. 1852.
# American Medical Biographies

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Shortcut: AMB AMB1920
Layout 2
American Medical Biographies
American Medical Biographies
by Howard A. Kelly, M.D., LL.D., F.A.C.S., Hon.F.R.C.S. (Edin.)
and Walter L. Burrage, A.M., M.D.
Baltimore The Norman, Remington Company 1920
Copyright, 1920, by The Norman, Remington Company
Dedicated, in Love and Esteem to the Memory of Sir William Osler
Contents
* Front matter
** Preface
** List of Works Chiefly Consulted
* Biographies
** Abbot—Booth
** Borck—Cogswell
** Cohen—Duval
** Dwight—Gram
** Gray—Houghton
** Howard—Langley
** Langmaid—Mercer
** Mercier—Pepper
** Percival—Sarrazin
** Sartwell—Tewskbury
** Thacher—Williams
** Williamson—Zollickoffer
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
The longest-living author of this work died in 1943, so this work is in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 80 years or less. This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# American Medical Biographies/Adams, Frederick Whiting

​Adams, Frederick Whiting (1786–1858)
Frederick W. Adams, physician, writer on theology and violin-maker, was born at Pawlet, Vermont, in 1786. His literary remains show him to have been well educated. He studied medicine with Dr. Oliver Harmon of Pawlet; attended medical lectures at Dartmouth Medical School and began practice in Fairfield, Vt., before graduation.
After some time he removed to Cambridge, Vt., and thence to Barton in the same state in 1814, and in 1822 returned to Dartmouth and received his medical diploma. He continued to practise in Barton and vicinity until 1836, acquiring a great reputation as a physician and surgeon and being called at times to a distance of fifty miles to perform capital operations. He was one of the first to call attention to the advantages of hellebore (veratrum viride) in practice. In the winter of 1835–36 he attended medical lectures in Philadelphia and in the latter year settled in Montpelier. Here at first he was shunned by many on account of his reputed skepticism but through his skill and kindly manners soon became a leading practitioner in the town and surrounding country.
Dr. Adams was a man of literary taste, and long having been assumed to be an infidel or atheist, at the request of friends, he published a book entitled "Theological Criticism or Hints of the Philosophy of Man and Nature" (1843), with an appendix on "Dogmas of Infidelity," a book which entitles him to rank with Paine in his estimate of the Bible, the church and the clergy. He was, however, noted for his practical philanthropy, frequently treating the poor free of charge and even adding gifts of money or clothing where need appeared. It was well said that he "lived more practical Christianity than any other man in town." He was also a poet of no mean ability and frequently wrote verses which revealed strong Christian sentiments. When asked on his deathbed if he would die as he had lived, he replied, "If there is a Christian's God, I am not afraid to trust myself in His hands."
As a boy he learned to play on the violin and other instruments. His love for music never forsook him and during a long period of time, partly to amuse himself and partly as an occupation, he experimented in making violins, violas and violoncellos. He carefully studied all models of old Italian and German makers and endeavored to rival their quality of tone by using well-seasoned woods taken from our native forests. He is said to have made one hundred and forty instruments, some of his making still being in use among the people of New England. His skill in this direction attracted the attention of Ole Bull, with whom he enjoyed a close friendship.
Dr. Adams was twice married and his family consisted of at least one daughter. He died in Montpelier, Vt., December 17, 1858.
# American Medical Biographies/Adams, Horatio

​Adams, Horatio (1801–1861)
Horatio Adams, son of Rev. Solomon Adams, of Middleton, Mass., was a prominent member of the Middlesex South Branch of the Massachusetts Medical Society, and was born in Waltham, Massachusetts, February 20, 1801. He graduated from the Harvard Medical School in 1826 and practised in Waltham until the time of his death, April 22, 1861. In 1858 he delivered the annual discourse on "Investigations Upon the Subject of Vaccination" before the Massachusetts Medical Society (Communications Massachusetts Medical Society, vol. ix). The Boston Medical and Surgical Journal says of him: "It is believed that he was the first in this country who succeeded in proving the identity of the variolous and vaccine diseases. After reading an account of Mr. Ceeley's experiment of inoculating the cow, he was induced to repeat it and succeeded in obtaining the same results. From a crust obtained by inoculating a cow with variolous matter, a child was vaccinated and a vesicle appeared having all the characteristic marks of the true cow pox."
In the year 1852 he published (Transactions American Medical Association, vol. v) a paper, "On the Action of Water on Lead Pipes, and the Diseases Proceeding From It." This was considered a valuable contribution to the subject.
# American Medical Biographies/Abbott, Samuel Warren

​Abbott, Samuel Warren (1837–1904)
Samuel W. Abbott, who had the distinction of being the first secretary of Massachusetts' first state board of health, was born in Woburn, Massachusetts, June 12, 1837. His father was a descendant of George Abbott, who emigrated from England about 1640, and his mother from Edward Winn, who came from North Wales about 1642. Samuel's great grandfather was Joseph Winn, who fought at Lexington and Bunker Hill. Samuel was educated at Phillips Andover Academy, Massachusetts, and graduated A. M. from Brown University (Rhode Island) in 1858.
He began to study medicine with Dr. Benjamin Cutter of Woburn, and afterwards at the Harvard Medical School, where he graduated in 1862. He was assistant surgeon in the United States Navy from 1861 to 1864, then surgeon to the First Massachusetts Cavalry from 1864 until it was mustered out at the close of the war.
Dr. Abbott's chief interest was in hygiene. He was coroner of Middlesex County from 1872 to 1877 and medical examiner of the same county, under the new law, from 1877 to 1884. After the war he practised medicine in Woburn for four years and in Wakefield for the rest of his life. He was health officer of Massachusetts from 1882 to 1886 and secretary of the State Board of Health from its organization in 1886 up to a short time before his death, which occurred in Newton, Massachusetts, October 22, 1904. Thus he took part in two important medical advances in his native state, the inauguration of a medical examiner system, replacing the antiquated coroners, and in the formation and perpetuation of a progressive state board of health, one that acquired an enviable reputation throughout the country.
Dr. Abbott married Martha W. Sullivan, of Woburn, in 1864.
He was a member of the Massachusetts Medical Society, Massachusetts Medico-Legal Society, Société Française d'Hygiène and president of the Middlesex East District Medical Society in 1874–75.
His contributions to medical literature were many. Among them are: "Uses and Abuses of Animal Vaccination," American Public Health Transactions, 1882; "The Influenza Epidemic of 1889–1890;" State Board of Health Report, 1890; "The Distribution of Diphtheria in Massachusetts," International Congress of Hygiene, London, 1891.
# American Medical Biographies/Adams, Zabdiel Boylston

​Adams, Zabdiel Boylston (1829–1902)
Dr. Adams was the son of Zabdiel Boylston (Harvard College, 1813) and Sarah May Holland Adams. He was born in Boston, October 25, 1829, and graduated from Bowdoin College in 1849 and from the Harvard Medical School in 1853. He practised in Roxbury, a part of Boston, until the Civil War, when he volunteered his services to Governor Andrew. In May, 1861, he was commissioned assistant surgeon in the Seventh Massachusetts Volunteers, his first service being at Washington, where he arrived the following July. He was at the siege of Yorktown with the Seventh Regiment in the spring of 1862, and was also at Williamsburg and Fair Oaks. On May 26, 1862, he was commissioned surgeon of the Thirty-second Massachusetts Volunteers, joining the Army of the Potomac. He was at Harrison's Landing for two months and subsequently on the Rappahannock. He was at Antietam, Fredericksburg and the second engagement at Bull Run, and served under General Burnside in his "mud march." He was with his regiment at Chancellorsville, Brandy Station, and Gettysburg. Because of an affection of the eyes he resigned his commission as surgeon of the Thirty-second. Regiment, August 4, 1863. On January 12, 1864, he re-entered the service and was commissioned captain of Company F, Fifty-sixth Regiment, and with that command participated in the Wilderness engagements, where he was twice wounded, one shot breaking his leg. He was taken prisoner and confined at Lynchburg for three months, when he was transferred to Libby Prison, being released on parole a month later. While in confinement, he was commissioned major by Governor Andrew, and in December, 1864, he was discharged for disability contracted in the service. At his own request he rejoined his regiment in February, 1865, and took a prominent part in the assault on Petersburg in April, 1865. Then he returned to Boston and resumed practice, shortly after removing to Framingham.
He married Frances Kidder, of Boston. His widow, a daughter, Frances, and a son, Z. Boylston Adams, M. D. 1903, survived him.
Dr. Adams was a member and had held office in the Middlesex County and Framingham medical societies and other medical organizations. He was identified with the Framingham Hospital and numerous other institutions and had been for twelve years before his death medical examiner of the Eighth Middlesex District.
His death, on May 1, 1902, at the age of seventy-two, was due to a fall over the Metropolitan Water Works dam at Southboro, Mass.
Dr. Adams was an ardent advocate of vaccination and still believed in the use of the lancet in the treatment of some forms of sthenic pneumonia. He was an old-fashioned doctor and a characteristic representative of a passing generation.
# American Medical Association v. United States Medical Society of the District of Columbia

United States Supreme Court
317 U.S. 519
American Medical Association v. United States Medical Society of the District of Columbia
Argued: Dec. 11-14, 1942. --- Decided: Jan 18, 1943
Messrs. Seth W. Richardson and William E. Leahy, both of Washington, D.C., for petitioners.
Messrs. Thurman W. Arnold, Asst. Atty. Gen., and John Henry Lewin, Sp. Asst. to Atty. Gen., for respondent.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 520-525 intentionally omitted]
Mr. Justice ROBERTS delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Strangways, Arthur Henry Fox-

From volume 4 of the work.
​Strangways, Arthur Henry Fox-, 1s. Walter Aston, of Norwich, arm. Balliol Coll., matric. 19 Oct., 1878, aged 19; B.A. & M.A. 1886.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Strange, Robert Anstruther

From volume 4 of the work.
​Strange, Robert Anstruther, 5s. Thomas, of Boulogne, France, equitis. Christ Church, matric. 15 May, 1839, aged 17; B.A. 1843, M.A. 1846, bar.-at-law, Inner Temple, 1846, died 24 July, 1857.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Strange, William Allder

From volume 4 of the work.
​Strange, William Allder, 1s. William, of Abingdon, Berks, gent. Pembroke Coll., matric. 5 Nov., 1829, aged 16; scholar 1829-37, B.A. 1833, M.A. 1836, B.D. 1843, D.D. 1847, 2nd master Liverpool Royal Institution 1833-9, head-master Abingdon Grammar School 1839-68, vicar of Bishop Middleham, co. Durham, 1868, until his death 17 April, 1874.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Strangwayes, Edward Swainston

From volume 4 of the work.
​Strangwayes, Edward Swainston, o.s. Edward, of York (city), arm. Trinity Coll., matric. 11 Dec, 1827, aged 18; of Alne, Yorks, died 23 April, 1877. See Foster's Yorkshire Collection.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Strange, James Stuart

From volume 4 of the work.
​Strange, James Stuart, 1s. James Newburgh, of Southsea, Hants, arm. Brasenose Coll., matric. 8 June, 1865, aged 18.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Strangman, Edward

From volume 4 of the work.
​Strangman, Edward, 7s. Edward, of Waterford, Ireland, gent. Pembroke Coll., matric. 28 Oct., 1886, aged 20.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Strange, Thomas (Andrew)

From volume 4 of the work.
​Strange, Thomas (Andrew), s. Robert, of Covent Garden, Westminster (city), arm. (after knight). Christ Church, matric. 1 June, 1774, aged 17; B.A. 1778, M.A. 1782, created D.C.L. 3 June, 1818, bar.-at-law, Lincoln's Inn, 1785, chief justice Nova Scotia 1791-7, recorder of Madras 1797, knighted 14 March, 1798, chief justice Madras 1800-17, died 16 July, 1841. See Alumni West., 399.