OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Sanchuniathon

Edition of 1920. See also Sanchuniathon on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
SANCHUNIATHON, săn-kū-nī′ạ-thȯn, or SANCHONIATHON, alleged author of a history of Phœnicia and Egypt, entitled ‘Phoinikika,’ and published by Philo (q.v.) of Byblus, a grammarian of the 2d century, as a Greek translation from the Phœnician. According to Philo, Sanchuniathon was a native of Berytus, a Phœnician town near his own native place, and flourished during the reign of the Assyrian queen Semiramis. Others speak of him as a Phœnician living before the Trojan War. Some critics maintain that no such person ever existed, and that the work attributed to him was the composition of Philo himself, or, as others think, of Eusebius. A fragment of the work is preserved in Eusebius, who quoted Sanchuniathon as evidence in corroboration of certain biblical statements which Porphyry had assailed. The Greek fragments still extant were published by Orelli (1826) and by C. Müller (1849), and were the occasion of much keen controversy. The conclusion arrived at by Renan is that a Phœnician of the time of the Seleucides, whose real or feigned name was Sanchionathon, wrote in Phœnician, a work on history and mythology, and that a free translation of this was afterward made by Philo of Byblus.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Sandburg, Carl

Edition of 1920. See also Carl Sandburg on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
SANDBURG, Carl, American author: b. Galesburg, Ill., 6 Jan. 1878. In 1898-1902 he studied at Lombard College, Galesburg, and in 1910-12 was secretary to the mayor of Milwaukee, Wis. He became associate editor of System Magazine in 1913 and was also editorial writer on the Chicago Daily News. Mr. Sandburg was awarded the Levinson prize in the Poetry Magazine in 1914. He served in Company C, 6th Illinois Volunteers, in 1898 and saw active service in Porto Rico. In 1918 he was a member of the editorial board of the National Labor Defense Council.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Sapphire

Edition of 1920. See also Sapphire on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
SAPPHIRE, a mineralogical name including all highly colored and transparent varieties of corundum (q.v.), except the red, which is called ruby, an exception confined chiefly to jewelers. Sapphire corundum occurs in three forms — as small, distinct crystals, hexagonal or rhombohedral in various modifications; as transparent portions of ordinary corundum; and at times as nodules or small rounded masses enclosed in ordinary corundum, though distinct. Most gem sapphires are of the first kind; but some fine stones have been cut from material of the two latter kinds, especially in the corundum workings in North Carolina, notably the Culsagee mine in Macon County. Sapphires present almost every variety of color, although blue is the most familiar, deep shades being most valued. Other blue gems occasionally seen
are blue tourmaline (called Brazilian sapphire), cyanite and iolite, which is known somewhat as water-sapphire. True sapphires are, however, easily distinguished by their greater hardness (9), and density (3.95 to 4.1). The main sources of sapphire are Ceylon, Cashmere and the Pailin district of Siam, also the Anakie district of Queensland, Australia. In the United States, sapphires are obtained chiefly in Montana; first from the “bars” or low bluffs, of gold-bearing gravel, along the Upper Missouri River, east of Helena and later from a decomposed igneous dike at Yogo Gulch, in Fergus County; also at Rock Creek, Granite County and Dry Cottonwood Creek, Deer Lodge County. The river bars and Rock Creek yield a great variety of rich and delicate colors, as in Queensland, but Yogo Gulch furnishes the deep blue shades most valued and is being worked very extensively. Small and poorly colored stones are largely sold for watch-jewels. All blue and green sapphires, like rubies, possess marked dichroism, a point important to the lapidary, as the tint of gems from such crystals depends upon the direction in which they are cut. In biblical history the sapphire was a stone of an azure color (Exod. xxiv, 10) and very precious (Job xxviii, 16). It was the second stone in the second row of the high priest's breastplate, which is now believed to have been the lapis lazuli, and not the modern sapphire, as doubtless was also the stone mentioned in Rev. xxi, 19. Among the Greeks the sapphire was sacred to Jupiter. See Precious Stones.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Angas, Hon. John Howard

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​Angas, Hon. John Howard, M.L.C., second son of George Fife Angas (q.v.) and Rosetta [French], his wife, was born at Newcastle-on-Tyne, on Oct. 5th, 1823. When but twenty years of age (April 1843) he left England for South Australia to assume the management of his father's affairs in that colony, and especially to develop his landed property, a mission he accomplished with eminent success. In 1854, four years after his father's arrival in the colony, he revisited England, and married, in 1855, Miss Susanna Collins, of Bowden, near Manchester. The next year he returned to South Australia, and became famous as a breeder of first-class sheep, cattle and horses. In Dec. 1871 he was elected to the Legislative Assembly for the district of Barossa, and sat till May 1875, when he resigned. In 1882 Mr. Angas gave up squatting on a large scale, but still takes an active interest in his stud farms at Hill River and Collingrove. He has been a member of the Legislative Council for a number of years past. Mr. Angas, who started the Bushman's Club, has founded an engineering scholarship and three engineering exhibitions in connection with the University of Adelaide, and has given other liberal donations to public objects. A year or two ago he informed the committee of the Adelaide Home for Incurables of his willingness to contribute £2500 for the erection of a wing to the building, and suggested that the Government should be asked to contribute a like sum towards the establishment of a maintenance fund.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Angelo, Lieut.-Col. Edward Fox

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​Angelo, Lieut.-Col. Edward Fox, was born on Dec 14th, 1836, and received his first commission in the army in Dec. 1854, as ensign in the 28th Regiment of Foot. He served in the Crimean campaign in the following year, and for his services at the siege of Sebastopol received a medal with clasps and a Turkish medal. He was appointed captain 1st Foot in 1864, and retired, after filling various important military positions in India, in 1878, with the honorary rank of lieut.-colonel. Colonel Angelo was commandant of the Tasmanian local forces from 1880 to 1882, and in the latter year became Inspecting Field Officer in Western Australia. Having resigned that position, he was appointed Government Resident of the Northern Division of that Colony in 1886, and Resident Magistrate at Bunbury in 1889. Since 1890 he has been Government Resident and superintendent of the prison establishment at Rot-nest Island, W.A.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Annett, Thomas Henderson

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​Annett, Thomas Henderson, entered the Queensland Civil Service in May 1878, and was appointed principal Assistant Engineer of Railways for the Southern and Central Divisions in 1889, in which year he succeeded Mr. Hannam as Chief Engineer for the Northern and Carpentaria and Cook Railways.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Andrews, Walter Boyd Tate

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​Andrews, Walter Boyd Tate, J.P., late Registrar-General South Australia, elder brother of Henry James Andrews (q.v.) entered the South Australian Civil Service in 1848; was appointed Deputy Registrar-General of the Colony in 1856, and Registrar-General in 1865. He retired in Sept. 1889.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Anstey, Hon. Henry Frampton

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​Anstey, Hon. Henry Frampton, K.S.G., was son of Thos. Anstey, of Anstey Burton, Tas., and was elected to the Legislative Council of Tasmania in 1850, and to the first House of Assembly in 1856, on both occasions for the district of Oatlands. He was Secretary for Lands and Works in the first Tasmanian Ministry from Nov. 1856 to Feb. 1857. Having been received into the Roman Catholic Church in 1842, he was created a Knight of St. Gregory by Pius IX., and by special privilege was buried in the Church of Santa Maria del Popolo at Rome, where he resided for two years prior to his death on July 8th, 1862, at the age of forty. He was Roman correspondent of the London Tablet during his stay in the Eternal City, and was brother of Mr. T. Chisholm Anstey, the well-known and eccentric Indian publicist and member of the House of Commons.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Andrew, Rev. John Chapman

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​Andrew, Rev. John Chapman, M.A., J.P., was born on March 7th, 1822, at Whitby, in Yorkshire, his father, the Rev. James Andrew, being then rector of the parish. He was educated first at Whitby, and then at St. Peter's school, York, from which latter, having taken an exhibition, he proceeded to University College, Oxford. Having graduated B.A. in 1840, taking second-class honours in both classics and mathematics, Mr. Andrew was appointed one of the masters to the new school at Rossal, in Lancashire. In 1845 he was elected Fellow of Lincoln College, Oxford; and, having proceeded to the degree of M.A. in 1847, was ordained deacon in the same year, and priest in 1848, being vicar of St. Michael's, Oxford, 1848-9. At Lincoln College Mr. Andrew acted as mathematical lecturer, Greek lecturer, and tutor successively; and in 1857 went out to Wellington, New Zealand, where he had a sheep station on the Waitangi for some years. He was a member of the Provincial Council of Wellington from 1868 until the abolition of the provincial system in 1875. In 1870 Mr. Andrew was returned as one of the two members for Wairarapa in the General Assembly, as also in 1876. In the latter year he migrated to Nelson, and in 1880 was appointed principal of Nelson College. He has always been actively interested in educational matters in New Zealand, and from 1868 to 1876 was a member of the Wellington Education Board. In 1878 he was appointed to the Senate of the New Zealand University, and is now the Vice-Chancellor. He was appointed J. P. by Sir Edward Stafford's Government.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Andrews, Hon. Richard Bullock

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​Andrews, Hon. Richard Bullock, sometime Puisne Judge South Australia, was admitted to the South Australian bar in 1855, and was member for Yatala in the Assembly from 1857 to 1860, and for Blurt from 1863 to 1869. Mr. Andrews was Attorney-General in the Torrens Ministry for a few weeks in Sept. 1857, and in the still more short-lived Dutton Administration in July 1863. He filled the same post in Mr. (now Sir) Henry Ayers' Government from July 1863 to July 1864, and in the second Dutton and third Ayers Ministries from March to Oct. 1865. He was also Attorney-General in the fourth and fifth Ayers Ministries from May 1867 to Sept. 1868, and from Oct. to Nov. 1868. In March 1865 he was appointed Q.C., Crown Solicitor and Public Prosecutor in 1870, and Puisne Judge in 1881. He died at Hobart on June 28th, 1885.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Angas, George French

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​Angas, George French, F.L.S., eldest son of the late George Fife Angas (q.v.) and Rosetta [French], his wife, was born at Newcastle-on-Tyne, and devoted himself to artistic pursuits. In Sept. 1843 he left London on an art tour through Australia and New Zealand, returning ​in March 1846 with a large collection of native costumes and implements, besides many portraits of natives which he had taken, as well as sketches of the places he had visited. These he had the honour of showing to Her Majesty and the Prince Consort, who became patrons of the illustrated volumes he subsequently published on South Australia and New Zealand. He subsequently returned to South Australia, where he was resident when his father went out in 1850. Returning to England, he died in London in Oct 1886. "South Australia Illustrated" and "New Zealand Illustrated," two illustrated folio works, were issued at intervals in 1847.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Andrews, Henry James

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​Andrews, Henry James, J.P., sometime Under Secretary and Government Statist, South Australia, was at one time a teller in the Bank of Australasia. He entered the Civil Service of South Australia in 1852 as assistant in the Assay Office, and in the next year became cashier and accountant. In 1860 he was appointed Secretary to the Central Road Board; in ​1874 Secretary to the Commissioner for Public Works; in 1875 Secretary to the Commissioner of Crown Lands; and in Feb. 1882 Under Secretary and Government Statist. He died on April 25th, 1890.
# The Diocesan Messenger (Belleville, Illinois)

* related portals: Newspapers.
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Newspaper published in Belleville, Illinois.
Volume 5
# The Diocesan Messenger (Belleville, Illinois)/Alone in Death

* related portals: Czech lands, Illinois, Obituaries.
* related authors: Bartoš Bittner.
Published on 1 July 1912
Alone in Death.
Bartos Bittner was the author of a most blasphemous catechism, which has been widely used by Bohemian and other socialists to destroy the Christian faith. Arranged in the simple question and answer form were teachings that God, the Blessed Mother, the pious practises and devotions of millions of Christians were men’s inventions to chain the mind and fetter human action. The catechism taught free love, the following of every animal instinct and derision of the commandments. Portions of this catechism were recently printed in the Common Cause. Offensive as these excerpts were to one with any spirit of reverence, they were innocent compared with much of the teachings of Bittner’s catechism for socialist instruction.
Bartos Bittner is dead. A strong odor attracted the attention of the persons who lived in the same house in Chicago where Bittner had lodgings. The odor was traced to his room. Bittner had not been seen for several days. His body was found in his room, advanced in decomposition.
At war with the world on the question of religion, at war with the prevailing view concerning marriage and childhood, at enmity with his family, an apostate from his religion, a seducer of souls from God, corrupt in inclination, foul in teaching, alone in death, Bartos Bittner was found a mass of corruption.
Poor Bittner! May God grant His mercy that that soul so corrupt in life, and that body so corrupt in death, despite the double signification shown in his life and end, may be met with mercy by the Great Judge at the final judgment!
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was legally published within the United States (or the United Nations Headquarters in New York subject to Section 7 of the United States Headquarters Agreement) between 1929 and 1977 (inclusive) without a copyright notice.
This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
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# The Female Prose Writers of America/Caroline May/Handel

published in The Female Prose Writers of America
​Carlyle truly observes, that “great men, taken up in anyway, are profitable company. We cannot look, however imperfectly, upon a great man, without gaining something from him. He is the ​living light-fountain which it is so good and pleasant to be near.” Carlyle was thinking of his heroes,—Odin, Mahommed, Dante, Shakspeare, Cromwell,—when he said this. Whether he would place Handel among his worshipped great men, matters not; but that he would, we have little doubt, for has he not in his own strange eloquence said, “Who is there, that in logical words can express the effect music has on us? A kind of inarticulate unfathomable speech, which leads us to the edge of the Infinite, and lets us for a moment gaze into that?” Surely, they who can silently understand, if they cannot audibly interpret, this unfathomable speech,—who have been led with wonder and admiration to gaze into Infinity, will look on Handel as on a hero, and rank his genius side by side with that of Shakspeare and Milton. But whatever the opinion of others may be, we have always found his company profitable. Whether listening to his expressive airs, or reading over his rich full choruses (lamenting, as we read, that a choir of voices could not spring at once from our grateful and delighted heart), we have always felt that, to approach Handel was to approach a living fountain of heaven-born harmony. And to be near such, is both good and pleasant.
# The Female Prose Writers of America/Caroline Gilman

CAROLINE GILMAN.
Of our living authoresses, no one has been so long before the public, and at the same time retained her place so entirely in its affections, as Mrs. Caroline Gilman.
Her first publications, which were poems, commenced as early as 1810. Among these, “Jephthah’s Rash Vow,” and “Jairus’ Daughter,” attracted particular attention. Her importance as a prose writer begins with the “Southern Rose Bud,” a weekly juvenile paper, which she began in 1832, and continued for seven years. This miscellany contains a large amount of valuable literature, and is especially rich in contributions from Mrs. Gilman’s own pen. Her other publications have been as follows: “Recollections of a New England Housekeeper,” “Recollections of a Southern Matron” (both running through a large number of editions), “Ruth Raymond; or Love’s Progress,” “Poetry of Travelling,” “Tales and Ballads,” “Letters of Eliza Wilkinson” (written during the invasion of Charleston by the British), “Verses of a Lifetime,” “The Oracles from the Poets,” “The Sibyl,” and several juvenile books now collected under the general title of “Mrs. Gilman’s Gift.”
The following graceful piece of autobiography will serve the double purpose of a specimen of her style, and a narrative of her life.
# The Female Prose Writers of America/Caroline May

CAROLINE MAY.
Miss May, one of the sweetest of our female poets, has written also some excellent prose, entitled to consideration, besides a goodly amount of editorial labour. Her largest publication, “The American Female Poets,” in 1848, contains, in the biographical and critical notices prefixed to the several extracts, an amount of original matter, sufficient to fill a considerable volume. These notices are written with much ability, and, together with the selections, they show a sound judgment, a highly cultivated literary taste, and great freedom and command of language. Miss May has also edited one or two annuals, and a volume of elegant extracts, called “Treasured Thoughts,” which has been quite a favourite. An essay on “Handel,” which we have had the pleasure of reading in manuscript, deserves to rank among the very best specimens of biographical criticism. A single introductory paragraph is quoted. The other extract is from the “Female Poets.”
Miss May is the daughter of the Rev. Edward Harrison May, who was for many years pastor of one of the Dutch Reformed Churches of New York, and who is at present Secretary of the American Seamen’s Friend Society. Her brother, a young artist of fine promise, was one of the chief designers and painters of the panorama of Pilgrim’s Progress, which has been so deservedly popular. Miss May is a resident of New York.
# The Family Kitchen Gardener (1856)/Anise-seed

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ANISE-SEED.
Pimpinélla Anìsum.—Boucage, Fr.—Anis, Ger.
A native of Egypt and some other eastern countries. The seeds are annually imported from Malta and Spain. The plant is annual, and propagated by sowing the seed in a light, dry soil, in Spring. Anise-seeds have a warm, aromatic smell, and a pleasant, warm taste, accompanied with a degree of sweetness; they have been useful in many complaints, but none more so than in flatulent colics and obstructions of the breast, for diarrhœas, and for strengthening the tone of the stomach in general.
# The Family Kitchen Gardener (1856)/Balm

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BALM.
Melíssa officinàlis—Melisse, Fr.—Melisse, Ger.
So called from the Greek word signifying honey, because of the abundant and excellent honey of its flowers, for which bees greatly frequent it. The Garden Balm is a native of the mountains of Geneva, Savoy, and Italy. It is perennial, and may be readily propagated by parting the roots in Spring or Autumn, and planting them in beds of common garden mould. The herb, in its recent state, has a weak, aromatic taste, and a pleasant smell, somewhat of the lemon kind. Balm was formerly esteemed of great use in all complaints supposed to proceed from a disordered state of the nervous system. As tea, ​however, it makes a grateful dilutent drink in fevers, and in this way it is commonly used either by itself or acidulated with lemons.
# The Family Kitchen Gardener (1856)/Almond

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ALMOND.
Amy’gdalus commùnis.—Amandier, Fr.—Mandelbaum, Ger.
This fruit is a native of China and other eastern countries. In the south of Europe it is cultivated to a great extent, for export, and several thousand tons are annually brought to this country. It could, however, be very readily cultivated in the latitudes and soils of Virginia and North Carolina. It is one of the fruits mentioned in the history of the Israelites, and was held in great esteem by the ancients. The tree is very similar to the Peach, in growth, blossom, and fruit; the flower, however, is much larger and more ornamental. The kernel (which is the only valuable part of the fruit) enters largely into confectionery of every kind. The toilet, too, is furnished with oils of various names extracted from it, such as Milk of Roses, Macassar Oil, Russia Oil, Kalydore, &c. There are several varieties of the fruit, but all known as Bitter and Sweet Almonds.
Sultane is a thin-shelled Sweet Almond; nut about an inch in length, firm, oval; shell light-colored, tender, and very porous; kernel rich and sweet.
Jordan or Thick-Shelled.—Size of the former; shell light colored, smooth and porous; kernel rich and very sweet.
Amy’gdalis amara is the Bitter Almond. Fruit very similar to the others; shell hard; kernel bitter; used for condiments, and by wine-bibbers to allay the fumes of wine.
Propagation and Culture.—The Almond is propagated by ​the kernel or seed, when the object is to obtain new varieties, in the same manner as the Peach. It can be perpetuated by budding, and is most permanent when grown upon the Plum stock; but in a dry, sandy soil, they will do best on their own stock. As a general rule, soil that grows the Peach will suit the Almond. See article Peach.
Gathering of the Fruit.—The fruit should be allowed to remain on the tree until the rind opens and becomes quite brown, and the kernels firm and solid, when it may be gathered and gradually dried till the shell becomes hard, after which it may be stored away for use.
# The Family Kitchen Gardener (1856)/American Cress

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AMERICAN CRESS,
Barbarèa præcox—.Cresson de Amerique, Fr.—Amerikanisher Kresse, Ger.; and the
# The Family Kitchen Gardener (1856)/Application of remarks to various parts of the United States

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APPLICATION OF OUR REMARKS TO VARIOUS PARTS OF THE UNITED STATES.
The word Spring, when applied to the Season, is everywhere known. When thus applied by us in the preceding pages, it is intended to convey to the reader the period of the year when the buds of the earliest trees appear green. Early in Spring is indicated by the buds on the trees beginning to swell. Late in Spring, when the leaves have put forth.
About Philadelphia, Spring generally begins from the 10th to the 15th of March.
In South Carolina, the northern parts of Georgia and Alabama, Spring begins five weeks earlier than it does with us.
In the southern parts of Virginia and Kentucky, Spring generally opens about the 20th of February.
In Massachusetts and the upper part of New York, Spring opens from the 25th of March to the first of April.
By these observations being kept in view, the details of this work may be made applicable to any part of the United States.