OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Macdonald, John (1818-1889)

​MACDONALD, JOHN, D.D. (1818–1889), Scottish catholic prelate, son of William Macdonald and Harriet Fraser his wife, was born at Strathglass, Inverness-shire, on 2 July 1818. From 1830 to 1837 he was at the Scots seminary at Ratisbon. In 1887 he entered the Scots Coll at Rome. In 1840 he returned to Scotland, and in the following year he was ordained priest. He served in several missions, and 1856 to 1868 he was chaplain to Lord Lovat at Eskdale in Lower Strathglass. In November 1868 he was appointed coadjutor to Dr. James Francis Kyle [q. v.], vicar-apostolic of the northern district of Scotland. He was consecrated at Aberdeen 24 Feb. 1869 by the title of Bishop of Nicopolis. As Bishop Kyle died on the day previous to this consecration, Macdonald succeeded immediately to the vicariate. In 1875, when the catholic hierarchy was re-established in Scotland by Leo XIII, he was translated to the restored diocese of Aberdeen. He died at Aberdeen on 4 Feb. 1889.
[Brady's Episcopal Succession. iii. 415; Times, 5 Feb. 1889. p. 6.; Catholic Directory, 1892, p. 62; Tablet, 9 Feb. 1859, p. 221. 16 Feb. 252.]
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Reuter, Adam

​REUTER, ADAM (fl. 1627), author, a native of Cottbus in Silesia, was granted permission to study in the Bodleian Library ​at Oxford on 3 Sept. 1608 (Oxford Univ. Reg. Oxford Hist. Soc. II. i. 266). He was then a licentiate ‘utriusque juris.’ Wood, who erroneously calls him a Welshman, says that he continued at Oxford for many years ‘in the condition of a commoner, for he wore a gown, and was entered into the matricula as a member of Exeter College’ (Wood, Athenæ Oxon. ii. 420). He proved himself a learned and ingenious scholar, a good Latinist, and a severe Calvinist. He published: 1. ‘Quæstiones Juris Controversi 12,’ Oxford, 1609, dedicated to George Ryves, warden of New College, and the fellows. 2. ‘Oratio Papam esse Bestiam quæ non est et tamen est, apud Johan. Apoc. 17, v. 8,’ London, 1610, 4to, spoken by the author before the university. 3. ‘Contra Conspiratorum Consilia Orationes duæ habitæ in nobiliss. et antiquiss. Oxoniensi Academia 5 Aug. et 5 Novemb. 1610, diebus Regiæ Liberationis et Conspiratione Gowrie et Tormentaria,’ dedicated to George, lord Carew, of Clopton, Henry and Thomas Carey, and William Waller, London, 1612. 4. ‘Libertatis Anglicanæ defensio, seu demonstratio Regnum Angliæ non esse feudum pontificis, in nobilissima et antiquissima Oxoniensi Academia publice opposita Martino Becario, S. J.,’ London, 1613. 5. ‘Eadgarus in Jacobo redivivus seu Pietatis Anglicanæ Defensio contra Rosweydum,’ London, 1614, 4to. 6. ‘De Consilio tractatus,’ dedicated to the Earl of Suffolk, Oxford, 1626.
W. A. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Revell, Richard

Richard Revel in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
​REVELL or RIVELL, Sir RICHARD (d. 1222), knight and landowner, said to have been the son of William Revell (Pole, Devonshire, p. 82), probably a landowner in Devonshire and lord of Revelstoke in that county, received from Henry II grants of ‘Curi’ or Curry Rivell, and Langport, both in Somerset (MS. Record Office, Cartæ Antiquæ, R., Nos. 11, 12), and is said to have built a castle at Langport (Somerset Archæological Society's Proceedings, XI. i. 8). He was sheriff for Devonshire and Cornwall from the sixth to the tenth years of Richard I (Thirty-first Report of the Deputy-Keeper of the Records, p. 279), and is said to have received from Richard the custody of the castles of Exeter and Launceston (Pole, u.s.). He was paying rent to the crown in the reign of John, and was at Carrickfergus, Kilkenny, and Dublin in 1210, during the expedition to Ireland of that year (Rotuli de Liberate, &c., pp. 180, 204, 220). He married Mabel, sister and heir of Walter de Esselegh, or Ashley, in Wiltshire, and died in 1222. He appears to have had a son named Richard (Chancery Rolls, p. 94), who probably predeceased his father, for the elder Richard's heir, subject to the dower of his wife Mabel, who survived him, was his only daughter Sabina, wife of Henry de l'Orti. She survived her husband, who died in 1241, and had livery of the lands of her inheritance in Somerset and Dorset, which passed to her son Henry de l'Orti (de Urtiaco), summoned to parliament in 1299. It is probable that Revel's Hill, near Mintern in Dorset, takes its name from Sir Richard Revell. Contemporaries of Sir Richard were the landowners William Revell in Wiltshire and Hugh Revell in Northamptonshire; their connection with Sir Richard is not known.
[Collinson's Somerset, i. 28; Pole's Devonshire, p. 82; Somerset Archæolog. Soc. Proc. (1861) XI. i. 8, (1895) XLI. ii. 76; MS. Chanc. Cart. Antiq. Nos. 11, 12, Roberts's Calendarium Genealog. i. 11, 46, Rot. Litt. Claus. i. 119 b, Rot. de Liberate, &c., pp. 180, 204, 220, Chancery Rolls, p. 94, Report of Deputy-Keeper, xxxi. 279 (these six Record publ.); Dugdale's Baronage, i. 768; information from Mr. E. Green.]
W. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Reynell, Edward

​REYNELL, EDWARD (1612–1663), divine, born at West Ogwell, Devonshire, in 1612, was son of Sir Thomas Reynell, whose younger brother, Sir George, was grandfather of Carew Reynell (1636–1690) [q. v.] His mother was his father's second wife, Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Henry Killigrew of Cornwall. He was admitted as a fellow commoner to Exeter College, Oxford, on 30 May 1629 (Boase, Register of Exeter College, p. 63). Prideaux, the rector of the college, had married his half-sister (Prince, Worthies of Devon, p. 523). He left Oxford in 1632 without a degree, and entered at the Middle Temple; he, like his half-brother Thomas, was a benefactor of the Inn. He was called to the bar, but his ‘geny being more inclined towards divinity,’ he took orders and became rector of West Ogwell (Burke's, Commoners, iv. 451). He died at West Ogwell in 1663 by his own hand, and was buried there. ‘He was of curious parts and flowing style, always single and addicted to melancholy, insomuch that it prevailed over him to accelerate his dissolution, which he accomplished by the improbable assistance but of a bason of water in his chamber’ (Prince). Wood reports the reluctance of his kinsmen to give further information about him, and their desire that ‘he might sink into oblivion.’
Reynell wrote: 1. ‘Eugenia's Tears for Great Britain's Glory, or Observations reflecting on these Sad Times,’ London, 1642. 2. ‘The Life and Death of the Religious and Virtuous Lady the Lady Lucie Reynell of Ford in Devon, who Dyed on 18 April 1652, whereunto is annexed a Consolatory Epilogue for dejected Souls,’ London, 1654. Lady Reynell, daughter of Robert Brandon of London, was the writer's sister-in-law, and wife to Sir Richard Reynell (1587–1648) of the Middle Temple, an officer in the exchequer. 3. ‘An Advice against Libertinism, shewing the great Danger thereof, and exhorting all to zeal of the Truth,’ London, 1659. 4. ‘Celestial Amities, or a Soul sighing for the Love of her Saviour,’ London, 1660, dedicated to ‘the ladies of our times.’
W. A. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Reyner, Clement

Contains subarticle William Reyner (fl. 1619).
​REYNER, CLEMENT, D.D. (1589–1651), abbot of Lambspring or Lansperg in Germany, born in Yorkshire in 1589, made his profession as a Benedictine monk in the monastery of St. Laurence at Dieulward in Lorraine in 1610, and pursued his studies in St. Gregory's monastery at Douay. Subsequently he was sent to the English mission, and he was suffering imprisonment in his native county, on account of his sacerdotal character, on 1 April 1618. On his release he was employed in reforming the great monastery of St. Peter at Ghent. He graduated D.D. probably at Douay, and acted as secretary to the president of his order from 1621 to 1629. Being sent to Germany to negotiate the transfer of monasteries from the Bursfeld congregation, he was for half a year superior of the monastery of Rinteln, and was subsequently president-general of his order from 1635 to 1641. At the ninth general chapter held in 1643 he was declared the first abbot of Lambspring. He died at Hildesheim on 17 March 1650–1 (Snow, Necrology, p. 52). His remains were taken to Lambspring in 1692, and buried in the church there.
To Reyner bibliographers always attribute the authorship of the valuable historical work entitled ‘Apostolatus Benedictinorum in Anglia, sive Disceptatio Historica de Antiquitate Ordinis Congregationisque Monachorum Nigrorum S. Benedicti in regno Angliæ,’ Douay, 1626, fol. The materials for this work were collected by Father David Baker [q. v.] His friend, Father John Jones, D.D. (1575–1636) [q. v.], alias Leander à S. Martino, reduced the mass of materials into respectable latinity, and they left Reyner to edit the work, so that it passes for being finished ‘operâ et industriâ R. P. Clementis Reyneri.’ In the dedication to Cardinal Bentivoglio, Reyner candidly says: ‘Non author operis sum, sed jussu congregationis editor et dedicator’ (Dodd, Church Hist. ed. Tierney, iv. 97 n.)
A contemporary, William Reyner (fl. 1619), who was educated in Paris at the charge of his relative, Richard Smith (1566–1655) [q. v.], and afterwards resided at Arras College in Paris, published translations into Latin of the following: (1) Brereley's ‘Protestant Apology,’ Paris, 1615; (2) Stapleton's ‘Fortress of Faith,’ 1619; (3) Stapleton's ‘Protestancy and its Authors’ (Dodd, Church History, ii. 379).
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Revans, Samuel

​REVANS, SAMUEL (1808–1888), colonist, the ‘father of the New Zealand press,’ was born in England in 1808 and brought up as a printer. He came into contact with Henry Samuel Chapman [q. v.], and emigrated with him in 1833 to Montreal, where he helped to start the ‘Daily Advertiser.’ Some indiscreet articles in the paper led him to leave Canada in 1837 and return to London, where he identified himself with the Wakefield scheme for the colonisation of New Zealand. In 1839 he was appointed secretary to the executive committee for inaugurating the settlement of Port Nicholson. In the same year he published in London the first numbers of the ‘New Zealand Gazette,’ and on 18 April 1840, soon after his arrival in the colony, brought it out in Wellington, being himself editor, printer, and publisher. He assisted with his own hands in building an office for the paper, which on 22 Aug. 1840 blossomed into the ‘New Zealand Gazette and Britannia Spectator.’ In 1843 he published at this office the first Wellington almanac. He was long remembered as a prominent figure in the early days of the Wellington settlement.
In 1847 Revans gave up his connection with journalism, removed to the Wairarapa, residing at Woodside, near Greytown, and took up land for sheep-farming in partnership with Captain Smith, R.N. An effort in 1851 to make a new settlement in California proved a failure, and after his return to sheep-farming in New Zealand, Revans and his partner held as much as fifty-five thousand acres. For a time he represented Greytown district both in the House of Assembly and in the Provincial Council. But he fell into pecuniary embarrassments, and died unmarried at Greytown on 15 July 1888, dependent on his friends.
C. A. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Resbury, Nathaniel

​RESBURY, NATHANIEL (1643–1711), divine, was baptised on 24 Sept. 1643 at Oundle, Northamptonshire, where his father, Richard Resbury, was the nonconformist vicar (Cal. State Papers, Dom., Comm. for Comp. p. 1054). The father, who resigned six weeks before St. Bartholomew's day, 1662, thereafter practised medicine, and preached at his own house at Oundle, but died within a year. He engaged in controversy with John Goodwin [q. v.], publishing ‘Some Stop to the Gangrene of Arminianism, lately promoted by Mr. John Goodwin in his Book entituled “Redemption Redeemed,”’ London, 1651, 8vo. Goodwin replied with ‘Confidence dismounted,’ to which the elder Resbury retorted in ‘The Lightlesse Star, or Mr. John Goodwin discovered a Pelagio-Socinian,’ &c., London, 1652.
The son, Nathaniel, entered Emmanuel College, Cambridge, on 8 July 1657, graduated B.A. in 1661, M.A. in 1672; was incorporated at Oxford on 15 July 1673, and proceeded B.D. and D.D. from Merton College on 11 July 1692. He was appointed vicar of Wandsworth, Surrey, in 1674, and became chaplain to Arthur Annesley, earl of Anglesea, and to his son James. He was rector of Broughton-Gifford, Wiltshire, from 1687, and of St. Paul's, Shadwell, Middlesex, from 1689, and was appointed chaplain in ordinary to King William and Queen Mary in 1691. He frequently preached at Whitehall and at St. Paul's and the Charterhouse. Once, while preaching in the chapel royal from the text ‘I am fearfully and wonderfully made,’ he unconsciously blackened all his face with the dye from a new black glove (Granger, iii. 193). He died on 31 July 1711, and was buried in St. Giles's Church, Reading. He married, in 1691, a widow, Mrs. Mary Cordell of St. Matthew's parish, Friday Street, London, who was a daughter of Robert Cuthbert, citizen and goldsmith of London, and owner of considerable wealth. His wife predeceased him without issue.
Resbury was a sound churchman of the orthodox type, and a popular preacher. Besides seven separate sermons he published: 1. ‘The Case of the Cross in Baptism considered,’ published in ‘A Collection of Cases,’ London, 1684, 4to; 2nd edit. London, 1694, fol.; 3rd edit. London, 1718. 2. ‘The Eleventh Note of the Church, viz. The Glory of Miracles in the Notes of the Church as laid down by Cardinal Bellarmine, examined and confuted,’ London, 1688; reprinted in vol. iv. of John Cumming's edition of ‘A Preservative against Popery,’ London, 1848. 3. ‘The Texts examined which Papists cite out of the Bible for Proof of their Doctrine concerning the Visibility of the Church,’ London, 1688, in ‘Popery not founded upon Scripture,’ 1668–9; reprinted by Bishop Gibson in his ‘Preservative against Popery,’ London, 1738.
C. F. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Reveley, Willey

​REVELEY, WILLEY (d. 1799), architect, was probably son of William Reveley, a younger son of Willey Reveley of Newton Underwood, Northumberland, and Newby Wiske, Yorkshire, whose father, William Reveley, had married Margery, daughter and heiress of Robert Willey of Newby Wiske. Willey Reveley the younger received his professional education in London from Sir William Chambers [q. v.] in 1781–2. He accompanied Sir Richard Worsley as ‘architect and draftsman’ in his tour through Italy, Greece, and Egypt (1784–1789), and, on his return to England, pursued his profession with much activity. He made designs ‘of great beauty and elegance’ for public baths at Bath, but was not employed in executing them. He also prepared a plan for an infirmary at Canterbury, which was not utilised, and for wet docks on the Thames. The most important works executed by him were All Saints' Church, Southampton (1792–5), a classical building with pediment supported by Ionic columns and cupola of good proportions; and a country mansion, Windmill Hill, Sussex, which is given in Richardson's ‘Vitruvius Britannicus’ (vol. i. pl. 26–7). The plans for the church were modified somewhat disastrously to suit the prejudices of the mayor and aldermen of Southampton. In 1794 he edited vol. iii. of Stuart and Revett's ‘Antiquities of Athens,’ and, in the preface, replied to certain animadversions of Sir W. Chambers upon Greek architecture. His ​promising career, marred by a somewhat splenetic temper, was cut short by his death, at his house in Oxford Street, London, on 6 July 1799. The journal of his tour is in the library of the Royal Institute of British Architects, and the drawings of the pyramids, made by him from actual measurement, are at New College, Oxford. Some of his designs are in Sir John Soane's museum in Lincoln's Inn Fields.
[Dict. of Architecture (ed. Papworth), vii. 36; Gent. Mag. 1799, ii. 627; Nichols's Lit. Anecd. ix. 148; Davies's Southampton, p. 397; Philosophical Magazine, 1799, iv. 220–2; Hodgson's Northumberland, II. ii. 701.]
C. J. R.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Malton, Thomas (1748-1804)

​MALTON, THOMAS, the younger (1748–1804), architectural draughtsman, son of Thomas Malton the elder [q. v.], was born in 1748, probably in London. He was with his father during the latter's residence in Dublin, and then passed three years in the office of James Gandon [q. v.], the architect, in London. In 1774 Malton received a premium from the Society of Arts, and in 1782 gained the Academy gold medal for a design for a theatre. In 1773 he sent to the Academy a view of Covent Garden, and was afterwards a constant exhibitor, chiefly of views of London streets and buildings, drawn in Indian ink and tinted; in these there is little attempt at pictorial effect, but their extreme accuracy in the architectural details renders them of great interest and value as topographical records; they are enlivened with groups of figures, in which Malton is said to have been assisted by F. Wheatley. After leaving Ireland, Malton appears to have always lived in London, with the exception of a brief stay at Bath in 1780; from 1783 to 1789 he resided in Conduit Street, and at an evening drawing-class which he held there, received as pupils Thomas Girtin and young J. M. W. Turner, whose father brought him to be taught perspective. In after-life Turner often said, 'My real master was Tom Malton.' In 1791 Malton removed to Great Titchfield Street, and finally, in 1796, to Long Acre. He made a few of the drawings for Watts's 'Seats of the Nobility and Gentry,' 1779, &c., and executed some large aquatints of buildings in the metropolis and Bath, being one of the first to avail himself of the newly introduced art of aquatinta for the purpose of multiplying copies of his views. He also painted some successful scenes for Covent Garden Theatre. In 1792 Malton published the work by which he is now best known, 'A Picturesque Tour through the Cities of London and Westminster,' illustrated with a hundred aquatint plates. At the time of his death he was engaged upon a similar series of views of Oxford, some of which appeared in parts in 1802, and were reissued with others in 1810. Malton died in Long Acre on 7 March 1804, leaving a widow and six children. His portrait, painted by Gilbert Stuart, was engraved by W. Barney in 1806; and a portrait of his son Charles, when a child, drawn by Sir T. Lawrence, has been engraved by F. C. Lewis. The South Kensington Museum possesses three characteristic examples of Malton's art, and a fine view by him of the interior of St. Paul's Cathedral is in the print room at the British Museum.
F. M. O'D.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Man, Henry

​MAN, HENRY (1747–1799), author, born in 1747 in the city of London, where his father was a well-known builder, was educated at Croydon under the Rev. John Lamb, and distinguished himself as a scholar. At the age of fifteen he left school and became a clerk in a mercantile house in the city. In 1770 he published a small volume called 'The Trifler,' containing essays of a slight character. In 1774 he contributed to Woodfall's 'Morning Chronicle' a series of letters on education. The following year he published a novel bearing the title of 'Bentley, or the Rural Philosopher.' In 1775 he retired from business for a time, but after his marriage in 1776 he obtained a situation in the South Sea House, and the same year was elected deputy secretary of that establishment. Here he was the colleague of Charles Lamb, who pays a tribute to his wit and genial qualities in his essay on the South Sea House (Lamb, Essays, ed. by Ainger, London, 1883, p. 8). He had published a ​dramatic satire called 'Cloacina' in 1775, and he continued to write essays and letters for the 'Morning Chronicle' and the 'London Gazette' till his death on 5 Dec. 1799. In 1802 his collected works were published in two volumes, consisting of essays, letters, poems, and other trifles. Man's daughter, Emma Claudiana, died at Sevenoaks on 14 Aug. 1858.
[Collected Works of Henry Man, with Memoir, London, 1802; Gent. Mag. 1799 ii. 1092, 1858 ii. 536.]
A.E.J.L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Malton, Thomas (1726-1801)

​MALTON, THOMAS, the elder (1726–1801), architectural draughtsman and writer on geometry, born in London in 1726, is stated to have originally kept an upholsterer's shop in the Strand. He contributed two drawings of St. Martin's Church to the exhibition of the Free Society of Artists in 1761, and also architectural drawings to the exhibitions of the Incorporated Society of Artists in 1766 and 1768. In 1772 and the following years he sent architectural drawings to the Royal Academy. In 1774 he published 'The Royal Road to Geometry; or an easy and familiar Introduction to the Mathematics,' a school-book intended as an improvement on Euclid, and in 1775 'A Compleat Treatise on Perspective in Theory and Practice, on the Principles of Dr. Brook Taylor.' He appears to have given lectures on perspective at his house in Poland Street, Soho. Subsequently, owing to pecuniary embarrassment, it is said, Malton removed to Dublin, where he lived for many years, and obtained some note as a lecturer on geometry. He died at Dublin on 18 Feb. 1801, in his seventy-fifth year. There are four drawings by him in the South Kensington Museum.
His eldest son, Thomas Malton the younger, is noticed separately.
Malton, James (d. 1803), architectural draughtsman and author, was another son. He accompanied his father to Ireland. Like his father, he was a professor of perspective and geometry, and, like his brother, produced some very fine tinted architectural drawings. In 1797 he published 'A Picturesque and Descriptive View of the City of Dublin,' from drawings taken by himself in 1791-5. In 1795 he published 'An Essay on British Cottage Architecture;' in 1800 a practical treatise on perspective, entitled 'The Young Painter's Maulstick,' and in 1802 'A Collection of Designs for Rural Retreats or Villas.' Malton died of brain fever in Norton (now Bolsover) Street, Marylebone, on 28 July 1803. There are specimens of his drawings in the British and South Kensington Museums.
[Redgrave's Dict. of Artists; Graves's Dict. of Artists, 1760-1880; Pasquin's Artists of Ireland; Gent. Mag. 1801 i. 277, 1803 ii. 791, 1804 i. 283; Catalogues of the Royal Academy, &c.]
L. C.