OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Punch/Volume 147/Issue 3815/The Private View

THE PRIVATE VIEW.
I take train home every evening from one of our best stations. Crowned heads fairly tumble over one another there in their anxiety to get a first glimpse of London. Personages are matters of daily arrival.
The other night I reached my station just as a Personage was due. A drive led from his platform to the outside world. On one side of it were lined up the public six deep. On the other side of it was the left luggage office. Four policemen saw to it that no person crossed to the other side except on business.
I began crossing.
"Not that side," said Robert, "unless you want the left luggage."
"The left luggage," I explained, "is my one desire."
I crossed.
The clerk was usually prompt.
"What's yours?" he said.
"Since you ask," I replied, "I could do with a small stout; or, alternatively, a sherry and bitters."
He kept silence, but with a touch of urgency in it. It is hard to temporize when confronted with a businesslike silence. Yet my view of the drive was worth fighting for.
"I might leave my watch," I continued after a brief hesitation, "but the fact is I left it last week with my only godson. Have you a godson? You know what they are—always wanting something."
"Come along, now," said the official brusquely. Robert, too, was becoming restive.
"Very well; I will deposit my hat. You will be careful with it, won't you?"
He accepted my hat untenderly.
"What name?"
"'George,'" I said; "but they call me 'Winkles' at home."
He was a man not easily moved. He wrote down "George" without hesitation on a bit of pink paper and asked for twopence as he gave it to me.
Just then, to my great relief, the Boat Express arrived. I searched in all my pockets and at last found half-a-soverign.
I told you he was a man not easily moved. He gave me nine-and-tenpence without a word, but with more half-pennies than was quite nice.
There was a stir in the crowd. I must hang on yet a little, or give it up, or stand six deep. I cannot stand standing six deep. But it is the duty of every citizen to welcome Personages.
Then I bethought me of my pink paper.
I summoned the man who was not easily moved and presented it. "The deposit," I explained, "was a hat—a felt hat—I cannot be sure of the size, but at a guess I should put it somewhere between 7 and 8."
But he had already retrieved it.
I took it and replaced it on my head as I turned in the nick of time to take it off to the Personage. He gave me a very sweet smile, the memory of which I cherish so fondly that I am loth to attribute it to the fashionable dent I subsequently discovered in my bowler.
# Punch/Volume 147/Issue 3815/The World's Enemy

THE WORLD'S ENEMY.
The Kaiser. "WHO GOES THERE?"
Spirit of Carnage. "A FRIEND—YOUR ONLY ONE."
# Rays of Positive Electricity and Their Application to Chemical Analyses/Double Cathodes

Goldstein$^1$ found that positive rays came freely from the space between two parallel plates metallically connected together and used as a cathode for the discharge through gas at a low pressure. Cathode rays also come from this region, and the discharge from a cathode of this kind, through a gas where there is a marked difference in colour between the luminosity produced by the cathode and positive rays, presents some very interesting features. Hydrogen, and to a still greater degree helium and neon, are suitable gases for this purpose. When a cathode formed of two parallel equilateral triangles connected together by a wire is used for the discharge through helium at a low pressure, the discharge near the cathode has the appearance represented in Fig. 3. From the points of the triangle stream pencils of luminosity showing the characteristic red colour of the positive rays in helium, while the middle points of the sides are the origin of streams of greenish luminosity, the colour of the path of the cathode rays through helium. The difference In the character of the rays is also made evident by bringing a small magnet near the discharge tube; the green rays are visibly deflected by the magnet but no appreciable effect is produced on the red rays. By using polygons instead of triangles, or scalene triangles Instead of equilateral ones, very interesting distributions of the red and green pencils can be obtained. Researches on these parallel cathodes have been made by Kunz$^2$ and Orange,$^3$ and they are often useful for giving strong pencils of positive rays in definite directions; we shall have to consider later on examples of their use for this purpose.
$^1$Goldstein, " Phil. Mag." VI, p. 372,1908.
$^2$Kunz, " Phil. Mag,," VI, xvi, p. 161,1908.
$^3$Orange, " Proc. Camb. Phil. Soc.," XV, p. 217.
# QST/April 1916/Hoosier Radio Club

This article appeared in the April 1916 issue of QST
​The Hoosier Radio Club has been re-organized and the following officers have been elected: R. C. Kenna, Pres., N. Hilgenberg, Vice President, N. Watson, Sec’y, B. K. Elliott, Treasurer. All the amateurs in Indiana are requested to send their names and addresses to the Secretary, N. Watson, 204 N. Hamilton Ave., Indianapolis, Ind. Before May 1, 1916. The Hoosier Radio Relay Chain is to be formed throughout the State and all amateurs, regardless of equipment are needed.
Special attention is called to the fact that any amateur having difficulties in the operation of his apparatus may secure the advice of the best Radio men in the State by addressing the Secretary and enclosing return postage, The Club hopes to overcome the amateurs difficulties and make his station a good relay point. The Officers of the Association are members of The American Radio Relay League.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
The longest-living author of this work died in 1985, so this work is in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 38 years or less. This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# QST/April 1916/Radio Station 8TY

This article appeared in the April 1916 issue of QST
​This illustration shows the receiving set owned by Mr. Roy C. Ehrhardt of Scranton, Pa. One audion is used in this station and all the continuous waves are received from stations along the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts including San Juan, Porto Rico, Guantanamo, Cuba, Darien, Panama, also
San Diego. Cal, and last but not least. Hannover Germany. The illustration shows the hook-up which is used and in the photograph the four pole double throw switch controls booth tuners, the small one outside the cabinet and the large tuner which is inside. The same audion hook-up is used for both tuners.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# QST/April 1916/Of Vital Interest to All of Us

This article appeared in the April 1916 issue of QST
​ In nearly all our largest cities, those who contemplate self-destruction are arrested until they can prove that they have changed their minds. More plainly, those of us who cannot protect ourselves are protected by law.
This same argument should hold good in the wireless field and every wireless man should be protected from the consequences of a rash act. All of us have been very badly deceived at some time or other in the various products manufactured by various wireless concerns and advertised as reliable wireless goods.
It is un-American to sit still while someone robs you, and it is also un-American for any one to permit it. The writer’s aim and ambition in this life is to so corral these unreliable wireless concerns and so instruct all of our wireless men that their wonderful claims for their apparatus will be accepted, if at all, with a grain of salt.
Every magazine devoted to the art of wireless telegraphy should be more than willing to assist the amateurs in this respect.
The writer would suggest that an experimental laboratory he installed at the various headquarters for the wireless magazines and that all amateurs be instructed before buying anything whatever, to consult the headquarters for their opinion, not only as to the merits of the article but as to the reliability of the concern advertising it.
The writer has no axes to grind, as he is in a position to be bit occasionally and not feel it, but some of the smaller brothers, to whom a dollar represents weeks of saving, would probably not feel so well about the matter. The writer has been working along these lines for years and believes now that he has enough evidence in hand to convince the most skeptical that the sole aim of some of these wireless concerns is to unload a great amount of worthless wireless hardware or junk on the unsuspecting amateur.
Various devices have been tried out at the writer’s laboratory and wonderful claims made about lots of the apparatus have been found to be without the slightest foundation whatever.
The writer is open to suggestions from any one and believes that if we get the boys started, some concerns will be obliged to sit up and take notice.
This will be submitted to all the magazines and if you read it in one magazine and do not see it in another, you may rest assured that that magazine does not have your interests at heart.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# QST/April 1916/Pictorial Section

This article appeared in the April 1916 issue of QST
Showing many stations which operated in the Relay of February 22nd
To make “QST” the magazine which you want and need, we must have a large number of pictures of wireless stations. These illustrations bring suggestions and ideas to you. In a picture you may see a better way to arrange your set, a shorter-lead connection, a new oscillation transformer, an ideal condenser. All these things help to improve your set, increase your range, and develop your ability as a Relay Station. If you have a photograph, send it in today. This will help you and your fellow amateurs. If you can write a short description, do that too. Don’t think your set is not as good as the other fellows. QST, QST, QST; QRU? QRU? QST?
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
The longest-living author of this work died in 1985, so this work is in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 38 years or less. This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# QST/April 1916/Monthly Meeting of the Institute of Radio Engineers

This article appeared in the April 1916 issue of QST
​ On Wednesday, March 1st, in the Engineering Societies’ Building, 33 West 39th Street, New York City, the Institute of Radio Engineers held their monthly meeting. A paper on “Recent Standard Radio Sets” was presented by Harry Shoemaker, the research engineer of the Marconi Company. Mr. Shoemaker described in detail the sets which the Marconi Wireless Telegraph Company of America have recently placed in several hundred ship stations.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
The longest-living author of this work died in 1985, so this work is in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 38 years or less. This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# QST/April 1916/Some Pole

This article appeared in the April 1916 issue of QST

### Some Pole!

This photograph illustrates one of the stations which handled the famous relay of February 22nd. Mr. O. M. Heacock of La Grande, Oregon, one of the LEAGUE members sends us the following description:
Total heighth to top of pole is 140 feet; heighth of tower, 110 feet; the mast is eight feet square at the bottom with the wireless room build in.
Aerial: 135 feet high, three wings of six wires each, 20 feet long, spaced 3½ feet. One wing north, one south, and one nearly vertical. The lead-in consists of six wires connected to place where all wings are joined. A 200 meter aerial is at the side of tower. Radiation is 4.6 amps.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
The longest-living author of this work died in 1981, so this work is in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 42 years or less. This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# QST/April 1916/SOS

This article appeared in the April 1916 issue of QST
​ Wichita, Kans.—On January 4th, about three o’clock in the morning, Don I. Shepherd, a member of The American Radio Relay League was listening in and distinctly heard ...---..., ...---... Then the call letters of a Greek ship Thessaloniki which was some 500 miles off New York City several days before. Mr. Shepherd heard all the stations along the coast getting in their signals once in awhile and the Brooklyn Navy Yard telling NRE about the call. This is quite a record.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
The longest-living author of this work died in 1985, so this work is in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 38 years or less. This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# QST/April 1916/High Note — Low Note

This article appeared in the April 1916 issue of QST
​W. A. Parks, Washington, D. C. Writes:
I noticed in the February issue of “QST” that 1VN states that 75% of the stations that he hears have a high pitch (amateurs), and that on that account they are very much easier to read. I believe that the natural period of the diaphragm of the telephones has a great deal to do with this. I am using mica diaphragm phones and find that amateurs who have a low note, in fact the very ones mentioned by 1VN are much easier to read than those having a high note. I have heard 1VN fairly loud, (using galena detector altogether), and also 8YC, 8YI, and others having a high note, and who come in fine, and I am not blind to the certain well known advantages of the high note, in a properly designed set. Personally, I prefer to read the low musical note, about 120 cycles.
I have made what I think is pretty close to the record for a crystal detector and amateur sending and receiving apparatus. At 11:42 P. M.—February 29, (my time), I copied several sentences from 9OQ, Mr. Charles Coultas. 950 Beach Avenue, St. Louis, Mo. I have written to him and received his verification of the same. He was not loud but easily readable. NAA had their arc going at the time and when an arc set is going in the vicinity of a receiving station the signals from all spark stations are very noticeably weakened.
A picture of 9OQ’s set appears on page 6 of the December “QST” under the title ​of “One of the best equipped Stations in the League.” He has a 1 KW. Clapp-Eastham set.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Republic of South Africa Constitution Amendment Act, 1980

* related portals: Constitutional documents of South Africa, Acts of the Parliament of South Africa.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
Act No. 70 of 1980. First published on 28 May 1980 in Government Gazette No. 7049, and came into force upon publication. Sections 1 and 2 repealed on 3 September 1984 by the Republic of South Africa Constitution Act, 1983; the remainder repealed on 27 April 1994 by the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1993.
Note that [words in bold type in square brackets] indicate omissions from existing enactments, while words underlined with a solid line indicate insertions in existing enactments.
Act
To amend the Republic of South Africa Constitution Act, 1961, to extend the period during which a Minister may hold office without being a member of the Senate or the House of Assembly; and to confer certain powers upon a Minister who is not such a member; and to provide for matters connected therewith.
Be it enacted by the State President, the Senate and the House of Assembly of the Republic of South Africa, as follows:―
1. Section 20 of the Republic of South Africa Constitution Act, 1961 (hereinafter referred to as the principal Act), is hereby amended by the substitution for subsection (3) of the following subsection:
“(3) No Minister shall hold office for a longer period than [three] twelve months unless he is or becomes a member of the Senate or the House of Assembly, and a person who was a Minister without being a member of the Senate or the House of Assembly shall not again be appointed as a Minister unless he is such a member.”.
2. Section 54 of the principal Act is hereby amended by the addition of the following subsection:
“(5) A Minister who is not a member of the Senate or the House of Assembly shall have the right to sit and to speak in the Senate and in the House of Assembly, but shall not vote in the Senate or the House of Assembly.”.
3. Section 1 of the Powers and Privileges of Parliament Act, 1963, is hereby amended by the substitution for the definition of “member” of the following definition:
“‘member’ means a member of the Senate or the House of Assembly and includes a Minister who is not such a member;”.
4. This Act shall be called the Republic of South Africa Constitution Amendment Act, 1980.
This work is in the public domain because it was created and first published in South Africa and it is an official text of a legislative, administrative or legal nature, or an official translation of such a text.
According to the Copyright Act, 1978, § 12 (8) (a), "No copyright shall subsist in official texts of a legislative, administrative or legal nature, or in official translations of such texts."
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Republic of South Africa Constitution Act, 1983/Versions

Various versions of the Republic of South Africa Constitution Act, 1983, exist:
* as enacted on 28 September 1983.
* as amended on 6 July 1984 by the Constitution Amendment Act, 1984, and as came into force on 3 September 1984.
* as amended on 24 July 1985 by the Powers and Privileges of Parliament and the Constitution Amendment Act, 1985.
* as amended on 1 July 1986 by the Provincial Government Act, 1986.
* as amended on 6 March 1987 by the Constitution Amendment Act, 1987.
* as amended on 1 April 1987 by the Provincial Government Act, 1986.
* as amended on 5 May 1988 by the Constitution Amendment Act, 1988.
* as amended on 21 October 1988 by the Constitution Third Amendment Act, 1988.
* as amended on 9 June 1989 by the Constitution Fourth Amendment Act, 1989.
* as amended on 29 June 1990 by the Constitution Amendment Act, 1990.
* as amended on 6 November 1992 by the Constitution Amendment Act, 1992, and the Constitution Second Amendment Act, 1992.
* as amended on 1 April 1993 by Proclamations Nos. R. 19, R. 20 and R. 21 of 1993.
* as amended on 1 July 1993 by the Constitution Amendment Act, 1993.
* as amended on 1 April 1994 by Proclamations Nos. R. 39, R. 40, R. 41 and R. 42 of 1994.
It was repealed on 27 April 1994 by the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1993.
# Republic of South Africa Constitution Fourth Amendment Act, 1980

* related portals: Constitutional documents of South Africa, Acts of the Parliament of South Africa.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
Act No. 74 of 1980. First published on 4 June 1980 in Government Gazette No. 7062, and came into force on 1 January 1981, the date when the Republic of South Africa Constitution Fifth Amendment Act, 1980, abolished the Senate. Repealed on 3 September 1984 by the Republic of South Africa Constitution Act, 1983.
Note that words underlined with a solid line indicate insertions in existing enactments.
Act
To amend the Republic of South Africa Constitution Act, 1961, to further regulate the repeal or amendment of certain provisions relating to the treatment and use of certain, languages; and to provide for matters connected therewith.
(English text signed by the State President.) (Assented to 27 May 1980.)
Be it enacted by the State President, the Senate and the House of Assembly of the Republic of South Africa in accordance with the requirements of section 118 of the Republic of South Africa Constitution Act, 1961, as follows:―
1. The following section is hereby substituted for section 118 of the Republic of South Africa Constitution Act, 1961:
| “Amendment of Act. | 118. (1) Parliament may by law repeal or amend any provision of this Act: Provided that no repeal or amendment of the provisions of this section or of section 108 or of any corresponding provisions of any law substituted therefor, shall be valid unless the bill embodying such repeal or amendment has been agreed to by not less than two-thirds of the total number of members of the House of Assembly. (2) A provision of a law which is in conflict with a provision of subsection (1), is hereby repealed.”. |
2. This Act shall be called the Republic of South Africa Constitution Fourth Amendment Act, 1980, and shall come into operation immediately after the Senate ceases to exist.
This work is in the public domain because it was created and first published in South Africa and it is an official text of a legislative, administrative or legal nature, or an official translation of such a text.
According to the Copyright Act, 1978, § 12 (8) (a), "No copyright shall subsist in official texts of a legislative, administrative or legal nature, or in official translations of such texts."
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse