OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996/2009-04-03/Chapter 8

Chapter 8
Courts and Administration of Justice
Judicial authority
165.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
Judicial system
166.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
Constitutional Court
167.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(4)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(5)
(6)
(a)
(b)
(7)
Supreme Court of Appeal
168.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(a)
(b)
(c)
High Courts
169.
(a)
(i)
(ii)
(b)
Magistrates’ Courts and other courts
170.
Court procedures
171.
Powers of courts in constitutional matters
172.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
(2)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Inherent power
173.
to develop the common law, taking into account the interests of justice.
Appointment of judicial officers
174.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
Acting judges
175.
(1)
(2)
Terms of office and remuneration
176.
(1)
(2)
(3)
Removal
177.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(2)
(3)
Judicial Service Commission
178.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
(j)
(k)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
Prosecuting authority
179.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(2)
(3)
(a)
(b)
(4)
(5)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(6)
(7)
Other matters concerning administration of justice
180.
(a)
(b)
(c)
# Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996/2009-04-03/Schedule 1

Schedule 1
National Flag
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
# Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996/2009-04-03/Schedule 3

Schedule 3
Election Procedures
Part A — Election Procedures for Constitutional Office-Bearers
Application
1.
(a)
(b)
(c)
Nominations
2.
Formal requirements
3.
(1)
(2)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(3)
Announcement of names of candidates
4.
Single candidate
5.
Election procedure
6.
(a)
(b)
(c)
Elimination procedure
7.
(1)
(2)
Further meetings
8.
(1)
(2)
Rules
9.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(2)
Part B — Formula to Determine Party Participation in Provincial Delegations to the National Council of Provinces
1.
2.
3.
(a)
(b)
the legislature must allocate the undistributed delegates in the delegation to the party or parties with the same surplus in a manner which is consistent with democracy.
# Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996/2009-04-03/Chapter 9

Chapter 9
State Institutions Supporting Constitutional Democracy
Establishment and governing principles
181.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
Public Protector
Functions of Public Protector
182.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
Tenure
183.
South African Human Rights Commission
Functions of South African Human Rights Commission
184.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(2)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(3)
(4)
Commission for the Promotion and Protection of the Rights of Cultural, Religious and Linguistic Communities
Functions of Commission
185.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Composition of Commission
186.
(1)
(2)
(a)
(b)
Commission for Gender Equality
Functions of Commission for Gender Equality
187.
(1)
(2)
(3)
Auditor-General
Functions of Auditor-General
188.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(2)
(a)
(b)
(3)
(4)
Tenure
189.
Electoral Commission
Functions of Electoral Commission
190.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(2)
Composition of Electoral Commission
191.
Independent Authority to Regulate Broadcasting
Broadcasting Authority
192.
General Provisions
Appointments
193.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(5)
(a)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
(6)
Removal from office
194.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(2)
(a)
(b)
(3)
(a)
(b)
# Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996/2009-04-03/Schedule 1A

See Notice 1998 of 2005 and Notice 1490 of 2008 for the referenced maps.
Schedule 1A
Geographical Areas of Provinces
The Province of the Eastern Cape
Map No. 3 of Schedule 1 to Notice 1998 of 2005 Map No. 6 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005 Map No. 7 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005 Map No. 8 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005 Map No. 9 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005 Map No. 10 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005 Map No. 11 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005
The Province of the Free State
Map No. 12 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005 Map No. 13 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005 Map No. 14 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005 Map No. 15 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005 Map No. 16 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005
The Province of Gauteng
Map No. 4 in Notice 1490 of 2008 Map No. 17 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005 Map No. 18 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005 Map No. 19 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005 Map No. 20 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005 Map No. 21 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005
The Province of KwaZulu-Natal
Map No. 22 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005 Map No. 23 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005 Map No. 24 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005 Map No. 25 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005 Map No. 26 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005 Map No. 27 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005 Map No. 28 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005 Map No. 29 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005 Map No. 30 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005 Map No. 31 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005 Map No. 32 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005
The Province of Limpopo
Map No. 33 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005 Map No. 34 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005 Map No. 35 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005 Map No. 36 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005 Map No. 37 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005
The Province of Mpumalanga
Map No. 38 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005 Map No. 39 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005 Map No. 40 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005
The Province of the Northern Cape
Map No. 41 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005 Map No. 42 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005 Map No. 43 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005 Map No. 44 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005 Map No. 45 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005
The Province of North West
Map No. 5 in Notice 1490 of 2008 Map No. 46 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005 Map No. 47 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005 Map No. 48 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005
The Province of the Western Cape
Map No. 49 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005 Map No. 50 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005 Map No. 51 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005 Map No. 52 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005 Map No. 53 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005 Map No. 54 of Schedule 2 to Notice 1998 of 2005
# Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996/2009-04-03/Schedule 4

Schedule 4
Functional Areas of Concurrent National and Provincial Legislative Competence
Part A
Administration of indigenous forests
Agriculture
Airports other than international and national airports
Animal control and diseases
Casinos, racing, gambling and wagering, excluding lotteries and sports pools
Consumer protection
Cultural matters
Disaster management
Education at all levels, excluding tertiary education
Environment
Health services
Housing
Indigenous law and customary law, subject to Chapter 12 of the Constitution
Industrial promotion
Language policy and the regulation of official languages to the extent that the provisions of section 6 of the Constitution expressly confer upon the provincial legislatures legislative competence
Media services directly controlled or provided by the provincial government, subject to section 192
Nature conservation, excluding national parks, national botanical gardens and marine resources
Police to the extent that the provisions of Chapter 11 of the Constitution confer upon the provincial legislatures legislative competence
Pollution control
Population development
Property transfer fees
Provincial public enterprises in respect of the functional areas in this Schedule and Schedule 5
Public transport
Public works only in respect of the needs of provincial government departments in the discharge of their responsibilities to administer functions specifically assigned to them in terms of the Constitution or any other law
Regional planning and development
​Road traffic regulation
Soil conservation
Tourism
Trade
Traditional leadership, subject to Chapter 12 of the Constitution
Urban and rural development
Vehicle licensing
Welfare services
Part B
The following local government matters to the extent set out in section 155(6)(a) and (7):
Air pollution
Building regulations
Child care facilities
Electricity and gas reticulation
Firefighting services
Local tourism
Municipal airports
Municipal planning
Municipal health services
Municipal public transport
Municipal public works only in respect of the needs of municipalities in the discharge of their responsibilities to administer functions specifically assigned to them under this Constitution or any other law
Pontoons, ferries, jetties, piers and harbours, excluding the regulation of international and national shipping and matters related thereto
Stormwater management systems in built-up areas
Trading regulations
Water and sanitation services limited to potable water supply systems and domestic waste-water and sewage disposal systems
# Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996/2009-04-03/Schedule 5

Schedule 5
Functional Areas of Exclusive Provincial Legislative Competence
Part A
Abattoirs
Ambulance services
Archives other than national archives
Libraries other than national libraries
Liquor licences
Museums other than national museums
Provincial planning
Provincial cultural matters
Provincial recreation and amenities
Provincial sport
Provincial roads and traffic
Veterinary services, excluding regulation of the profession
Part B
The following local government matters to the extent set out for provinces in section 155(6)(a) and (7):
Beaches and amusement facilities
Billboards and the display of advertisements in public places
Cemeteries, funeral parlours and crematoria
Cleansing
Control of public nuisances
Control of undertakings that sell liquor to the public
Facilities for the accommodation, care and burial of animals
Fencing and fences
Licensing of dogs
Licensing and control of undertakings that sell food to the public
Local amenities
Local sport facilities
Markets
Municipal abattoirs
Municipal parks and recreation
Municipal roads
Noise pollution
Pounds
​Public places
Refuse removal, refuse dumps and solid waste disposal
Street trading
Street lighting
Traffic and parking
# Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1993/Chapter 11A

Chapter 11A
Volkstaat Council
Provision for establishment of Volkstaat Council
184A. (1) The establishment of a Volkstaat Council is hereby authorised.
(2) The Council shall consist of 20 members elected by members of Parliament who support the establishment of a Volkstaat for those who want it.
(3) The Council shall conduct its affairs according to rules made by the Council.
Functions of Council
184B. (1) The Council shall serve as a constitutional mechanism to enable proponents of the idea of a Volkstaat to constitutionally pursue the establishment of such a Volkstaat, and shall for this purpose be competent—
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(2) The procedures to be followed by the Council in the performance of its functions under subsection (1), shall be prescribed by an Act of Parliament.
(3) The procedures provided for in this Constitution with regard to the finalisation of provincial boundaries, shall not be construed as precluding the establishment of such a Volkstaat, and in the event of the acceptance of the concept of a Volkstaat, alternative provision shall be made by an Act of Parliament for the finalisation of the boundaries of any affected province or provinces.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/B

B, b, the second letter and the first consonant in the English alphabet, as it is also in the other languages of the Aryan family spoken in Europe. A sound and character corresponding to the English b and the Greek beta is the second letter and the first consonant in Phœnician, Hebrew, Samaritan, Aramaic, Arabic, and Koptic. In Ethiopic, however, beth stands tenth instead of second in order. Turning next to some of the Aryan languages of Asia, we find that in Armenian be is the 26th of the 38 letters; and in Sanskrit, Mahratta, etc., bu, or ba, is generally placed 23d in the list of consonants, where it is preceded by phu and followed by bha. Returning again to the Semitic, beth, the name given to the second letter of the Hebrew alphabet, is really Aramæan. Like the corresponding word in Hebrew, baith, it signifies a house, to which it has some faint resemblance.
B is a flat mute, the voice not being so entirely shut off in pronouncing it as it is when one of the sharp mutes, p or f, is uttered. The b sound is produced by compressing the lips, a vowel being added to render it audible. It is hence called a labial, from Latin labium=a lip, plural labia=lips; its other associates in the same category being p, f, and v, with which it is often interchanged in the cognate languages.
B, as an initial, is used—
In designating university degrees: For Latin Baccalaureus as Artium Baccalaureus=Bachelor of Arts=B. A.
In music: For bass.
In chemistry: For the element boron.
B, as a symbol, is used—
In numeration, in Greek, Hebrew, Arabic, and even occasionally in English, for 2. But B, in Greek, is the diacritical mark for 2,000. In Latin B stands for 300, and B̄ for 3,000.
In music: As the seventh note of the diatonic scale. It answers to the Italian and French si. In Germany it is=B flat.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Augusta (Maine)

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
AUGUSTA, city, capital of the State of Maine, and county-seat of Kennebec co.; on the Kennebec river, and the Maine Central railroad; 63 miles N. E. of Portland. The city is built on both sides of the river on a series of terraces, the principal part being on the W. bank. It was first permanently settled by traders from Massachusetts in 1754; was incorporated under the name of Hallowell, in 1771; was reduced by the setting-off of Hallowell in 1797; became the capital of the State in 1831; and received a city charter in 1849. In the State House is the State library, a notable collection of portraits of American statesmen, and, in the rotunda, an impressive array of the Civil War battle flags of the Maine Volunteers. In the principal park is a Soldiers' and Sailors' monument. On the E. side of the river are the State Asylum for the Insane, and United States arsenal. Four miles from Augusta is a National Soldiers'
Home. The principal manufactures, which are promoted by an abundant water power, are cotton goods, paper, wood pulp, and lumber. The city is lighted by electricity, and has electric street railways, several National banks, high school, Lithgow Public Library, a number of weekly periodicals, etc. Pop. (1910) 13,211; (1920) 14,114.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Azerbaijan, Republic of

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
AZERBAIJAN, REPUBLIC OF. This new state of Transcaucasia had its birth in circumstances resulting from the World War. Its frontiers are not yet defined with precision, but it has an area of about 57,000 square miles in eastern Caucasia, is bounded on the south and east by Persia and the Caspian Sea, and on the north and west by Daghestan and Georgia. The population is mixed, though the bulk is of Iranian stock with a mixture of Tartars and Turks. After the overthrow of the Russian Czar and the establishment of the Soviet regime the people of Azerbaijan, together with those of Georgia and Russian Armenia, broke away from Russia and formed a joint state, April 22, 1918, which they styled the Federal Republic of Transcaucasia. The interests of the different peoples, however, were so divergent that the experiment came to an end in about five weeks. Georgia was swayed by German influences, the people of Azerbaijan were sympathetic with the Turks who were their co-religionists, while Armenia was strongly in favor of the Allied cause. The Transcaucasian Republic therefore dissolved into its component parts, May 26, 1918, and two days later Azerbaijan declared its own independence.
Baku, the great oil center and seaport of Azerbaijan, was at the time held by the Bolshevists, who in the early spring had captured it after a battle in which the natives lost 12,000 in killed. The new government which had established its seat at Elizabetpol appealed for aid to the Turks, and with the assistance of the latter retook Baku and drove back a Bolshevist army that was threatening Elizabetpol. The Azerbaijan Government then invited General Thomson, the commander of British troops stationed on Persian territory, to occupy Baku, for the
sake of strengthening its defense. The request was acceded to, and British troops took possession of the town Nov. 17, 1918. At the end of 1919 the troops were withdrawn. The independence of Azerbaijan was acknowledged by the Allies in January, 1920.
The Azerbaijan Parliament consists of 120 members, elected by universal suffrage. Representatives of the various races in the state, Russians, Armenians, Poles, and Jews, are included in the membership. The members of the Cabinet are responsible to Parliament. The national budget for 1919 was put at 665,000,000 rubles. The great source of revenue for state purposes is the petroleum industry.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Aïdé, Hamilton

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​AÏDÉ, HAMILTON (ä-ē-dā´), an English novelist and poet; born in Paris, France, in 1830. He was educated at Bonn, and became an officer in the British army. His poems include "Eleanore and Other Poems" (1856); "The Romance of the Scarlet Leaf, and Other Chronicles and Reminiscences" (1856), a masterly description of Russian family life; "The Childhood of Bragoff, the Grandson" (1858). He died in 1906.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Augusta (Georgia)

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
AUGUSTA, city, and county-seat of Richmond co., Ga.; on the Savannah river, and numerous railroads; 120 miles N. W. of Savannah. The site is about 700 feet above sea-level, and the city has an even temperature and a dry, invigorating atmosphere. The city is laid out with broad streets which intersect at right angles, and many of them are beautifully shaded with trees. The city hall is in a park which also contains a granite monument in memory of the Georgia signers of the Declaration of Independence, and an imposing monument to the Confederate dead of the State has been erected on Broad street, the principal thoroughfare of the city. The city has several parks, and a United States arsenal, and in the suburbs are Summerville, a noted health resort, the principal cemetery, and attractive fair grounds. Augusta has a large trade in cotton, lumber, fruit and vegetables, but its main importance is in its manufacturing enterprises. The principal industrial plants are cotton mills. The city is the seat of the Medical College of Georgia, and has an orphan asylum, public hospitals, the Louise King Home, a juvenile reformatory, several National and State banks, and several daily and weekly periodicals. Pop. (1910) 41,040; (1920) 52,548.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Aurora

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
AURORA, a city in Kane co., Ill., on the Fox river, and the Chicago and Northwestern, the Burlington Route, and other railroads; 38 miles W. of Chicago. It contains several locomotive, car, and
railroad repair shops; large cotton and woolen mills; watch and carriage factories; smelting and silver plating works; stove and machine works; and other industries. It is the farming and manufacturing center for Kane and adjoining counties. It has churches, State hospital, Aurora College, electric light and street railway plants, water works, National banks, and daily and weekly newspapers. Pop. (1910) 29,807; (1920) 36,265.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Austin (Texas)

* related portals: Texas.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, travel guide, Wikidata item.
Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
AUSTIN, a city, capital of the State of Texas, and county-seat of Travis co.; on the Colorado river and the Houston and Texas Central, the International and Great Northern, the Missouri, Kansas, and Texas, and the Austin and Northwestern railroads; 230 miles N. W. of Galveston. It derives large power for
manufacturing from the river, and the principal industries are the manufacture of oil, lumber, iron, flour, tanned leather, etc. Besides the State Capitol, the city contains the main buildings of the State University, State asylums, the State Confederate Home, and the State Land Office. The Capitol, which cost $3,000,000, is in a square of 10 acres, in which are also the Supreme Court and Treasury buildings. The river is here spanned by two bridges, and the recent construction of a dam in it has given the city a large and beautiful stretch of water known as Lake McDonald. This lake has become a favorite resort for fishing, hunting, and health-seeking parties, and is widely known from the facts that two international regattas have been rowed on it, and that Stanbury, of Australia, here won the championship of the world. The city was originally known as Waterloo; was named after Stephen F. Austin, in 1837; became the capital of the Republic of Texas in 1839; the capital of the State in 1872. Fop. (1910) 29,860; (1920) 34,876.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Austin (Minnesota)

* related portals: Minnesota.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, travel guide, Wikidata item.
Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
AUSTIN, a city of Minnesota, the county-seat of Mower co. It is on the Chicago, Milwaukee, and St. Paul, and the Chicago Great Western railroads, and on the Red Cedar river. The city is the seat of the Southern Minnesota University and has parks, a Carnegie library, a county court house, and other important public buildings. It is the center of a fertile agricultural community and has industries, including meat packing, flour mills, foundry, cement works, roller mills, etc. Pop. (1910) 6,960; (1920) 10,118.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Azimuth

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
AZIMUTH, the angular distance of a celestial object from the N. or S. point of the horizon (according as it is the N. or S. pole which is elevated), when the object is referred to the horizon by a vertical circle. Or the angle comprised between two vertical planes, one passing through the elevated pole, the other through the object. It is generally reckoned eastward or westward, from the N. or S. point for 180° either way; but Herschel prefers always reckoning it from the points of the horizon most remote from the elevated pole westward, so as to agree in its general direction with the apparent diurnal motion of the stars. Of course, he therefore counts from 0° to 360°. Azimuths, called also vertical circles, are great circles intersecting each other in the zenith and nadir, and cutting the horizon at right angles in all the points thereof. On these are reckoned the altitude of the stars, and of the sun when he is not in the meridian. A magnetical azimuth is an arch of the horizon, contained between the sun's azimuth circle and the magnetical meridian; or it is the apparent distance of the sun from the N. or S. point of the compass.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Ball's Bluff

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​BALL'S BLUFF, a spot on the right bank of the Potomac river, in Londoun co., Va., about 33 miles N. W. of Washington; where the bank rises about 150 feet above the level of the river. It is noted as the scene of a battle between a Union force under Col. Edward D. Baker, and a Confederate force under the command of General Evans, Oct. 21, 1861. The battle resulted in the serious defeat of the Union force and the instantaneous death of Colonel Baker.