OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Daniell, William (1769-1837)

​DANIELL, WILLIAM (1769–1837), landscape-painter, was nephew of Thomas Daniell, R.A. [q. v.] In 1784 he accompanied his uncle to India, and there helped him with drawings and sketches. On their return in 1794 he worked upon their important publication, ‘Oriental Scenery.’ Between 1795 and 1838 he exhibited as many as 168 pictures at the Royal Academy and 64 at the British Institute. His earlier exhibits were Indian views, but from 1802 to 1807 he sent many views of the north of England and of Scotland. He published ‘A Picturesque Voyage to India,’ ‘Zoography,’ in conjunction with William Wood, F.S.A., ‘Animated Nature,’ 1807, ‘Views of London,’ 1812, and ‘Views of Bhootan,’ 1813, from drawings by Samuel Davis, of the East India Company's service, who visited Bhootan in 1783. In 1814 Daniell began ‘A Voyage round Great Britain’; this was published in four volumes in 1825. The British Institution awarded him 100l. for his sketch of the ‘Battle of Trafalgar’ in 1826. He painted, together with Mr. E. T. Parris, a ‘Panorama of Madras,’ and afterwards, unaided, another of ‘The City of Lucknow and the mode of Taming Wild Elephants.’ He became a student of the Royal Academy in 1799, in 1807 was elected associate, and in 1822 a full member of that body. He died in New Camden Town 16 Aug. 1837. ‘A View of the Long Walk, Windsor,’ in the royal collection, is one of his best pictures. There are two examples of his work in the South Kensington collection, one of Castel Nuovo, Naples, the other of Durham Cathedral.
[Redgrave's Dict. of Artists; Cat. South Kens. Mus. Coll.; Graves's Dict. of Artists.]
E. R.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Gillespie, William

​GILLESPIE, WILLIAM (1776–1825), poet, was the eldest son of the Rev. John Gillespie (1730–1806), minister of Kells in Galloway. He was baptised 18 Feb. 1776. He attended the parish school, and also received private instruction from the schoolmaster, who lived in the manse. In 1792 he entered Edinburgh University, where he studied theology and also, as a secondary subject, medicine. From early years he had been devoted to painting, poetry, and music. A common print of a view of Kenmure Castle was executed from a drawing made by him when about fourteen years of age. While at Edinburgh he wrote a poem entitled ‘The Progress of Refinement,’ which was not, however, published till some years later. He found subjects for some of the poems (which were published along with it) in a tour through the western highlands, which he took with Alexander Don, to whom he was tutor. At the end of his university course he was licensed as preacher by the presbytery of Kirkcudbright (1 Aug. 1798), and on 7 Aug. 1800 was ordained assistant and successor to his father. On 29 April 1806 his father died, after having been minister of Kells for forty-two years, and he became sole minister. In 1820 he was chaplain to the stewartry of Kircudbright yeomanry cavalry, and the commandant wrote to him, asking whether in his service before the force he would pray for the queen. He returned an evasive answer, but in the prayer for the royal family he inserted the words, ‘Bless also the queen.’ On this the commandant ordered him to consider himself under arrest, that is to say, as was subsequently explained, not at liberty to go out of the county (30 July). Gillespie then published the sermon which he had preached before the yeomanry, with a preface and appendices explaining the circumstances, and proving the illegality of his arrest.
On 26 July 1825 he married Charlotte Hoggan; but while on his wedding tour he was attacked by erysipelas, and died on 15 Oct. in the fiftieth year of his age. He was long remembered in his parish for the refinement of his tastes, his hospitality, and his kindness to students.
Besides contributions to the ‘Scots Magazine’ and other periodicals, his works were: a life of John Lowe, author of ‘Mary's Dream,’ in Cromek's ‘Remains of Nithsdale and Galloway Song,’ pp. 342–60; ‘The Progress of Refinement, an allegorical poem, with other poems,’ Edinburgh, 1805, 8vo; ‘Consolation, with other poems,’ Edinburgh, 1815, 8vo; ‘The Rebellion of Absalom: a discourse preached at Kirkcudbright on the 30th July last,’ Dumfries, 1820, 8vo.
E. C-n.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Gillies, Adam

​GILLIES, ADAM, Lord Gillies (1760–1842), Scottish judge, born in 1760, youngest son of Robert Gillies of Little Keithock, Forfarshire, and brother of Dr. John Gillies [q. v.], historian, was admitted an advocate on 14 July 1787. On 20 March 1806 he became sheriff-depute of Kincardineshire, on 30 Nov. 1811 succeeded Lord Newton as an ordinary judge of the Royal College of Justice, and in March 1812 succeeded Lord Craig as a lord of justiciary. On Lord Meadowbank's death he was appointed, 10 July 1816, a lord commissioner of the jury court. In 1837 he resigned his seat as a lord of justiciary, and was appointed a judge of the court of exchequer in Scotland. He died at Leamington on 24 Dec. 1842. He took little part in politics; in early life his views were whig, but subsequently they became tory. As a judge he was strong, learned, and impartial.
J. A. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Gillespie, Thomas (1777-1844)

​GILLESPIE, THOMAS (1777–1844), professor at St. Andrews, born at Closeburn, Dumfriesshire, in 1777, was educated at Wallace Hall School and Dumfries Academy, and at Edinburgh University. At the university he distinguished himself as a classical scholar and as a debater; at the conclusion of his college course he was licensed as a preacher, 4 Jan. 1810. On leaving college he acted as tutor in the family of Sir James Hay of Dunragit. In 1813 he was presented to the living of Cults, Fifeshire, where he devoted his leisure to literature. In 1824 he received the degree of LL.D. from Glasgow. In 1828 he was appointed assistant and successor to the professor of humanity at St. Andrews, and in 1836 he was elected to the professorship. He died at Dunino, near St. Andrews, on 11 Sept. 1844. He contributed numerous articles both in prose and verse to the leading periodicals, including essays in ‘Blackwood’ and in ‘Constable's Miscellany,’ and sketches in Wilson's ‘Tales of the Borders.’ In 1822 he published a volume of sermons, entitled ‘The Seasons contemplated in the Spirit of the Gospel.’ An ‘Analecta’ for the use of his class appeared in 1839. He was twice married; his second wife was daughter of the Rev. Dr. Campbell parish minister of Cupar, and sister to Lord-chancellor Campbell.
W. B-e.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Gillies, John (1712-1796)

​GILLIES, JOHN, D.D. (1712–1796), theological writer, was born in 1712, at the manse of Careston, near Brechin, where his father, John Gillies, was minister, and after prosecuting his literary and divinity courses and being employed as tutor in several families of note, became minister of the college church, Glasgow, 29 July 1742. In this charge he remained till his death fifty-four years after (29 March 1796). It is said of him that besides preaching three times every Sunday, he delivered discourses in his large church three times a week to crowded audiences, published for some time a weekly paper, and regularly visited and catechised his parish. His first wife was Elizabeth (d. 1754), daughter of the Rev. John McLaurin, a distinguished preacher [q. v.], and his second, Joanna (d. 1792), sister of Sir Michael Stewart. Gillies is best known for a work entitled ‘Historical Collections relating to the Success of the Gospel,’ 2 vols. Glasgow, 1754. To this an appendix was added in 1761, and a supplement in 1786. Another work of considerable magnitude was entitled ‘Devotional Exercises on the New Testament,’ 2 vols. London, 1769, 8vo. He published, likewise, ‘Exhortations to the Inhabitants of the South Parish of Glasgow,’ 2 vols. Glasgow, 1750, 12mo; ‘Life of the Rev. Mr. George Whitefield,’ London, 1772, 8vo; ‘Essays on the Prophecies relating to the Messiah,’ Edinburgh, 1773, 8vo; ‘Hebrew Manual for the use of Students;’ ‘Psalms of ​David,’ with notes, Glasgow, 1786; and Milton's ‘Paradise Lost,’ illustrated by texts of scripture, London, 1778, 12mo. He wrote a life of John MacLaurin for MacLaurin's ‘Sermons and Essays,’ Glasgow, 1755. Dr. John Erskine prefixed an appreciative notice of his life to the supplement to his ‘Historical Collections.’
W. G. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Gillies, Margaret

​GILLIES, MARGARET (1803–1887), miniature and water-colour painter, was the second daughter of William Gillies, a Scotch merchant settled in Throgmorton Street, London, where she was born on 7 Aug. 1803. Having lost her mother when eight years old, and her father having met with reverses, she and her younger sister, Mary, were placed under the care of their uncle, Adam Gillies, lord Gillies [q. v.], one of the judges of the court of session in Scotland, by whom they were educated, and subsequently introduced to the best society in Edinburgh. There she met Sir Walter Scott, Lord Erskine, Lord Jeffrey, and other famous men; but before she was ​twenty she determined to earn for herself an honourable livelihood, and returned with her sister to her father's home in London. Mary Gillies became an authoress, and died in 1870, while Margaret took the somewhat bold step of becoming a professional artist. She received some lessons in miniature-painting from Frederick Cruickshank, and quickly gained a reputation in that branch of art, although she had had no regular artistic training. Before she was twenty-four she was commissioned to paint a miniature of the poet Wordsworth, at whose residence, Rydal Mount, she spent several weeks. She painted also a portrait of Charles Dickens, and one of Mrs. Marsh, the novelist, and for many successive years contributed portraits to the exhibitions of the Royal Academy. She then went for a while to Paris, where she worked in the studios of Hendrik and Ary Scheffer, and on her return to England she exhibited from time to time portraits in oil. It was, however, not long before she devoted herself to water-colour-painting, usually choosing domestic, romantic, or sentimental subjects, and it is on these that her chief distinction rests. In 1852 she was elected an associate of the Old (now the Royal) Society of Painters in Water-colours, and was a constant contributor to its exhibitions down to the year of her death. Some of the best of her exhibited works were ‘Past and Future,’ 1855, and ‘The Heavens are telling,’ 1856, both of which have been engraved; ‘Rosalind and Celia,’ 1857; ‘Una and the Red Cross Knight in the Cavern of Despair,’ ‘An Eastern Mother,’ and ‘Vivia Perpetua in Prison,’ 1858; ‘A Father and Daughter,’ 1859; ‘Imogen after the Departure of Posthumus,’ 1860; ‘Beyond,’ 1861; ‘The Wanderer,’ 1868; ‘Prospero and Miranda,’ 1874; ‘Cercando Pace,’ a beautiful drawing in three compartments, 1875; and ‘The Pilgrimage,’ which was exhibited at the Royal Jubilee Exhibition at Manchester in 1887. Her last work was ‘Christiana by the River of Life,’ exhibited in 1887. She lived for many years in Church Row, Hampstead, but died at The Warren, Crockham Hill, Kent, on 20 July 1887, of pleurisy, after a few days' illness.
R. E. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Huggins, William (1820-1884)

​HUGGINS, WILLIAM (1820–1884), animal-painter, was born in Liverpool in 1820. Samuel Huggins [q.v.] was an elder brother. William received his first instruction in drawing at the Mechanics' Institution, afterwards the Liverpool Institute, and now the government school of art, where at the age of fifteen he gained a prize for a design, 'Adam's Vision of the Death of Abel.' He also made many studies from the animals at the Liverpool zoological gardens, and was a student at the life class of the old Liverpool academy, of which he became a full member. One of the best-known of his early works was 'Fight between the Eagle and the Serpent,' to illustrate a passage from Shelley's 'Revolt of Islam.' The reclining figure in the composition is his wife. Disappointed at the reception of his animal pictures, he painted about 1845 several subjects from Milton, 'Una and the Lion' from Spenser's 'Faerie Queene,' 'Enchantress and Nourmahal' from Moore's 'Lalla Rookh,' &c. In 1861 Huggins removed to Chester, and during his residence there painted many views of the cathedral and the city, the `Stones of Chester, or Ruins of St. John's,' `Salmon Trap on the Dee,' &c. He left Chester in 1876 for Bettws-y-Coed, North Wales, with the purpose of studying landscape; one of the results was 'The Fairy Glen,' exhibited at the Liverpool Exhibition, 1877, but he again returned to Chester, and died at Christleton, near that city, 25 Feb. 1884.
Huggins was a constant exhibitor at the Royal Academy from 1846 till within a few years of his death, and at the exhibitions at Liverpool, Manchester, Dublin, Edinburgh, and Glasgow. His horses, cattle, and poultry pictures were his best and most characteristic work, good in drawing, and remarkable for brilliance of colour; 'Tried Friends,' purchased by the Liverpool corporation, well illustrates these qualities. Few artists have been more versatile; he not only drew portraits in chalk of many of his friends, but painted some large equestrian portraits in oil. An excellent example is the portrait of Mr.T. Gorton, master of the Holcombe hunt, with a leash of hounds. He was an accomplished musician, and had an exceptional knowledge of other branches of art, such as ceramics and glass. Among his portraits is one of himself (1841), and another of his elder brother, Samuel Huggins.
[Liverpool Mercury, 28 Feb. 1884; exhibition catalogues; private information.]
A. N.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Huggins, Samuel

​HUGGINS, SAMUEL (1811–1885), architect, was born in 1811 at Deal in Kent, but, brought to Liverpool in infancy, he resided there most of his life. William Huggins (1820-1884)[q.v.] was his brother. In 1846 he began regular practice as an architect. He was a voluminous writer on subjects connected with his profession, particularly in defence of the classic style. He became a member of the Liverpool Architectural Society in 1849, and was president from 1856 to 1858. He resided in Chester with his brother William from 1861 to 1865, and interested himself in the preservation of the city's ancient buildings. In 1868 he read before the Liverpool Architectural Society a paper opposing the proposed restoration of Chester Cathedral, and in 1871 another paper 'On so-called Restorations of our Cathedral and Abbey Churches.' The latter aroused a strong feeling on the subject of restorations, and led, after much discussion in the press, to the formation of the Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings. Huggins published in 1863 'Chart of the History of Architecture. . . .' A reduced engraving of this chart appeared in the 'Building News,' 31 Oct. 1863. He compiled the catalogue of the Liverpool Free Public Library, 1872. He died at Christleton, Chester, 10 Jan. 1885. His portrait was painted by his brother William.
[The Biograph, 1879, i. 406; Liverpool newspapers.]
A. N.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Huggins, John

​HUGGINS, JOHN (fl. 1729), warden of the Fleet. [See under Bambridge, Thomas.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hugh, William

​HUGH, WILLIAM (d. 1549), divine, born in Yorkshire, was, according to Wood, educated at Christ Church, Oxford, but graduated B.A. in April 1539, and proceeded M.A. 6 June 1543, from Corpus Christi College. He engaged in teaching at Oxford, but afterwards became chaplain to Lady Denny. He died at Corpus Christi College in 1549. Hugh published 'The Troubled Mans Medicine,' London, 1546, a religious work, said in the preface to have been written for a sick friend, and edited by John Faukener. A second part, entitled 'A Swete Consolation, and the Second Boke of the Troubled Mans Medicine,' &c., has a separate title-page, a dedication to Lady Denny, and a curious frontispiece. Another edition is dated 1567, 8vo. The whole was reprinted in 1831 among the works of 'British Reformers,' Hugh is also credited with: 1. `A Boke of Bertram the Priest in treating of the Body and Blood of Christ,' London, 1549, 8vo, 12mo. This was corrected by Thomas Wilcocks, and reprinted in 1582, and again in 1686 with further corrections and additions. 2. 'De Infantibus absque Baptismo decedentibus,' dedicated to Queen Catherine Parr.
W. A. J. A.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Huggins, William (1696-1761)

1904 Errata appended.
​HUGGINS, WILLIAM (1696–1761), translator of Ariosto, son of John Huggins, warden of the Fleet prison, was born in 1696, matriculated at Magdalen College, Oxford, 16 Aug. 1712, proceeded B.A. 1716, M.A. 1719, and became fellow of his college 1722. Abandoning an intention of taking holy orders, he was, on 27 Oct. 1721, appointed wardrobe-keeper and keeper of the private lodgings at Hampton Court. He subsequently resided at Headly Park, Hampshire. He died 2 July 1761.
Huggins published: 1. 'Judith, an Oratorio or Sacred Drama; the Music composed by Mr. William Fesche, late Chapel Master of the Cathedral Church at Antwerp,' London, 1733, 8vo. 2. Translation of sonnets from the Italian of Giovanni Battista Felice Zappa, 1755, 4to. 3. 'The Observer Observ'd; or Remarks on a certain curious Tract intitled "Observations on the Faiere [sic] Queene of Spencer," by Thomas Warton,' London, 1756, 8vo. 4. 'Orlando Furioso . . . translated from the Italian,' 2 vols., London, 1757, 4to. This has an elaborate preface and annotations.This translation has been erroneously attributed to Huggins; it is the work of Temple Henry Croker [q. v.]. Huggins only supplied the annotations. At his death he left in manuscript a tragedy, a farce, and a translation of Dante, of which the 'British Magazine,' 1760, published a specimen. His portrait was both ​painted and engraved by Hogarth, and was to have been prefixed to the translation of Dante.
[Bloxam's Reg. of Magd. Coll. vi. 185; Baker's Biog. Dramatica; Nichols's Illustr. of Lit. iii. 601; Nichols's Lit. Anecd. iii. 686; Boswell's Life of Johnson,iv. 12.]
R. B.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.162 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 158 | ii | 33 | Huggins, William (1696-1761): omit of Ariosto |
| | | 5-4 f.e. | for This has an elaborate preface and annotations. read This translation has been erroneously attributed to Huggins; it is the work of Temple Henry Croker [q. v.]. Huggins only supplied the annotations. |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Huggins, William John

​HUGGINS, WILLIAM JOHN (1781–1845), marine-painter, born in 1781, began life as a sailor in the service of the East India Company. During his voyages he made many drawings of ships and landscapes in China and elsewhere. He eventually settled in Leadenhall Street, near the East India House, and practised his art as a profession, being specially employed to make drawings of ships in the company's service. In 1817 he exhibited a picture in the Royal Academy, and continued to exhibit occasionally up to his death. From his nautical knowledge his pictures had some repute as portraits of ships, but were weak in colouring and general composition. Some of them were engraved. Huggins was marine-painter to George IV and to William IV: for the latter he painted three large pictures of the battle of Trafalgar, two of which are at Hampton Court and one in St. James's Palace. He died in Leadenhall Street on 19 May 1845.
[Gent. Mag. new ser. 1815, xxiv. 93; Redgrave's Dict. of Artists; Royal Acad. Catalogues.]
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Frederick (d.838)

​FREDERICK, Saint (d. 838). [See Cridiodunus, Fridericus.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Freeburn, James

​FREEBURN, JAMES (1808–1876), inventor, was born in 1808 in the parish of St. Cuthbert's, Midlothian. At an early age ​he was apprenticed to a baker. At the age of seventeen he enlisted in the 7th battalion of the Royal Artillery, and for a time served as gunner and driver. In December 1827 he was made bombardier, in May 1831 corporal, in January 1835 sergeant, and in April 1844 sergeant-major. From May 1837 to September 1840 he served abroad in the West Indies. On his return home he began to devote his attention to the subject of explosives, and during 1846, in which year he was commissioned quartermaster of the 10th battalion Royal Artillery, he invented an elaborate series of metal and wood fuzes for exploding live shells, both on 'concussion' and by 'time.' In 1847 he effected improvements on his original idea, and his fuzes were approved by the master-general of ordnance, and adopted in her majesty's service. Freeburn continued in the Royal Artillery until 21 April 1856, when he retired with the honorary rank of captain, on retired half-pay of 10s. per diem. He died at Plumstead on 5 Aug. 1876.
J. B-y.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Freebairn, Alfred Robert

​FREEBAIRN, ALFRED ROBERT (1794–1846), engraver, was apparently the son of Robert Freebairn [q. v.], the landscape-painter, and is probably identical with the younger Freebairn who etched the ‘Sketch-book’ of Robert Freebairn, published in 1815. He was a student at the Royal Academy, and engraved some vignettes and illustrations after Arnold, Nixon, David Roberts, S. Prout, Pyne, and others for the ‘Book of Gems’ and other popular works. His later work seems to have been entirely confined to the production of engravings by the mechanical process, invented by Mr. John Bate, known as the ‘Anaglyptograph.’ This machine was specially adapted for reproducing in engraving objects with raised surfaces, such as coins, medals, reliefs, &c. Freebairn produced a large number of engravings by this process, some of which were published in the ‘Art Union’ (1846). His most important works in this style of engraving were ‘A salver of the 16th century,’ by Jean Goujon, and a series of engravings of Flaxman's ‘Shield of Achilles;’ the latter, a very remarkable work, was executed and published at Freebairn's own risk and expense. He only completed it shortly before his death, which occurred somewhat suddenly on 21 Aug. 1846, at the age of fifty-two, a few days after the decease of his mother. He was buried in Highgate cemetery.
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Freake, John

​FREAKE, JOHN (1688–1756), surgeon. [See Freke.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Frederica, Charlotte Ulrica Catherina

​FREDERICA, CHARLOTTE ULRICA CATHERINA (1767–1820). [See under Frederick Augustus.]