OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Augustinians

See also Augustinians on Wikipedia; Augustinians on Wikipedia, Augustinians in the 11th edition; and the disclaimer.
AUGUSTINIANS, a monastic order of the Roman Catholic Church, claiming to have received its rule from St Augustine. See Abbey and Monasticism.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Augustus Addison Gould

See also Augustus Addison Gould on Wikipedia; Augustus Addison Gould on Wikipedia, Gould in the 11th edition; and the disclaimer.
​GOULD, Augustus Addison (1805–1866), American conchologist, was born at New Ipswich, New Hampshire, April 23, 1805, graduated at Harvard College in 1825, and took his degree of doctor of medicine in 1830. Thrown from boyhood on his own exertions, it was only by industry, perseverance, and self-denial that he obtained the means to pursue his earlier and later studies. Establishing himself in Boston, he devoted himself to the practice of medicine, and finally rose to high professional rank and social posi tion. He became president of the Massachusetts Medical Society, and was employed as authority in editing the vital statistics of the state. As a conchologist his repu tation is world-wide. With Say, Conrad, Adams, Anthony, Lea, Binney, and others, ho was c. pioneer of the science in America. His writings fill many pages of the publica tions of the Boston Society of Natural History (see vol. xi. p. 197 for a list) and other periodicals. He published with Agassiz the Principles of Zoology ; he edited the Terrestrial Air-breathing Mollusks of Binney; he translated Lamarck s Genera of Shells. The two most important monuments to his scientific work, however, are The Mol lusks and Shells of the United States exploring expedition under Commodore Wilkes, published by the Government, ​and the Report on the Invertebrata published by order of the legislature of Massachusetts in 1841. A second edition of the latter work was authorized in 1865, and published in 1870 after the author s death, which took place at Boston, September 18, 1866. Gould was an active member of the Boston Society of Natural History, and a corre sponding member of all the prominent American scientific societies, and many of those of Europe, including the English Royal Society.
# Echo Consolatrix

"I said, 'She is gone from the grieving earth"
* Coates, Florence Earle (1908), "Echo Consolatrix" in Lippincott's Monthly Magazine (November 1908).
* Coates, Florence Earle (1909), "Echo Consolatrix" in Lyrics of Life (1909).
* Coates, Florence Earle (1916), "Echo Consolatrix" in Poems I.

## References

* ↑ View this version at Google Books.
# Ecclesiæ Gnosticæ Catholicæ Creed

* related portals: Religion.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
I believe in one secret and ineffable LORD; and in one Star in the company of Stars of whose fire we are created, and to which we shall return; and in one Father of Life, Mystery of Mystery, in His name CHAOS, the sole vicegerent of the Sun upon Earth; and in one Air the nourisher of all that breathes.
And I believe in one Earth, the Mother of us all, and in one Womb wherein all men are begotten, and wherein they shall rest, Mystery of Mystery, in Her name BABALON.
And I believe in the Serpent and the Lion, Mystery of Mystery, in His name BAPHOMET.
And I believe in one Gnostic and Catholic Church of Light, Life, Love and Liberty, the Word of whose Law is THELEMA.
And I believe in the communion of Saints.
And, forasmuch as meat and drink are transmuted in us daily into spiritual substance, I believe in the Miracle of the Mass.
And I confess one Baptism of Wisdom whereby we accomplish the Miracle of Incarnation.
And I confess my life one, individual, and eternal that was, and is, and is to come.
AUMGN, AUMGN, AUMGN.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
The longest-living author of this work died in 1947, so this work is in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 76 years or less. This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Echetlos

Layout 2
Here is a story shall stir you! Stand up, Greeks dead and gone,
Who breasted, beat Barbarians, stemmed Persia rolling on,
Did the deed and saved the world, for the day was Marathon!
No man but did his manliest, kept rank and fought away
In his tribe and file: up, back, out, down—was the spear-arm play: Like a wind-whipt branchy wood, all spear-arms a-swing that day!
But one man kept no rank, and his sole arm plied no spear,
As a flashing came and went, and a form i' the van, the rear,
Brightened the battle up, for he blazed now there, now here.
Nor helmed nor shielded, he! but, a goat-skin all his wear,
Like a tiller of the soil, with a clown's limbs broad and bare,
Went he ploughing on and on: he pushed with a ploughman's share.
Did the weak mid-line give way, as tunnies on whom the shark
Precipitates his bulk? Did the right-wing halt when, stark
On his heap of slain lay stretched Kallimachos Polemarch?
Did the steady phalanx falter? To the rescue, at the need,
The clown was ploughing Persia, clearing Greek earth of weed,
As he routed through the Sakian and rooted up the Mede.
But the deed done, battle won,—nowhere to be descried
On the meadow, by the stream, at the marsh, look far and wide
From the foot of the mountain, no, to the last blood-plashed seaside,—
Not anywhere on view blazed the large limbs thonged and brown,
Shearing and clearing still with the share before which—down
To the dust went Persia's pomp, as he ploughed for Greece, that clown!
How spake the Oracle? "Care for no name at all!
Say but just this: 'We praise one helpful whom we call
The Holder of the Ploughshare.' The great deed ne'er grows small."
Not the great name! Sing woe—for the great name Miltiades
And its end at Paros isle! Woe for Themistokles
—Satrap in Sardis court! Name not the clown like these!
# Ecclesiasticus

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "Ecclesiasticus."
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* A book of the Hebrew Bible, also commonly known as Syrach or Wisdom of Syrach; for versions, see Syrach.
* "Ecclesiasticus," in Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed., 1911)
* "Ecclesiasticus," in Catholic Encyclopedia, (ed.) by Charles G. Herbermann and others, New York: The Encyclopaedia Press (1913)
# Echo-Song

First published in the Broadway Journal on September 6, 1845. It was addressed to Edgar Allan Poe.
I know a noble heart that beats  For one it loves how "wildly well!" I only know for whom it beats;  But I must never tell!  Never tell! Hush! hark! how Echo soft repeats,--  Ah! never tell!
I know a voice that falters low,  Whene'er one little name 't would say; Full well that little name I know,  But that I'll ne'er betray!  Ne'er betray! Hush! hark! how Echo murmurs low,--  Ah! ne'er betray!
I know a smile that beaming flies  From soul to lip, with rapturous glow, And I can guess who bids it rise;  But none -- but none shall know!  None shall know! Hush! hark! how Echo faintly sighs--  But none shall know!
# Eryri Wen

* Eryri Wen, in Poetical Remains of the Late Mrs Hemans, 1836.
* Eryri Wen, in Poems of Felicia Hemans, Blackwood, 1872.
This was originally a song in Welsh Melodies, Volume 2, 1822.
# Eryxias

is a Socratic dialogue attributed to Plato, but which is considered spurious. It is set in the Stoa of Zeus Eleutherios, and features Socrates in conversation with Critias, Eryxias, and Erasistratus (nephew of Phaeax).
English-language translations of el:Ἐρυξίας include:
* Eryxias, trans. by George Burges (1854) (transcription project)
* Eryxias, trans. by Benjamin Jowett (1892)
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Alexandre Gabriel Decamps

See also Alexandre-Gabriel Decamps on Wikipedia; Alexandre Decamps on Wikipedia, Decamps in the 11th edition; and the disclaimer.
​DECAMPS, Alexandre Gabriel (1803-1860), one of the foremost painters of the modern French school, was born in Paris on the 3d March 1803. He received his artistic training from Abel de Pujol, but set himself free at an early period of his career from academic trammels. He asserted his originality in his choice of subjects as well as in his style of treatment. In his youth he travelled in the East, and reproduced Oriental life and scenery with a bold fidelity to nature that made his works the puzzle of conventional critics. His powers, however, soon came to be recognized, and he was ranked along with Delacroix and Vernet as one of the leaders of the French school. At the Paris Exhibition of 1855 he received the grand or council medal. Most of his life was passed in the neigh bourhood of Paris. He was passionately fond of animals, especially dogs, and indulged in all kinds of field sports. He died on the 22d August 1860 in consequence of being thrown from a vicious horse while hunting at Fontainebleau. The style of Decamps was characteristically and intensely French. It was marked by vivid dramatic conception, by a manipulation bold and rapid, sometimes even to rough ness, and especially by original and startling use of ​decided contrasts of colour and of light and shade. His subjects embraced an unusually wide range: He availed himself of his travels in the East -in dealing with scenes from script-lire history, which he was probably the first of European painters to represent with their true and natural local background. Of this class were his Joseph sold by his Brethren, Moses taken from the Nile, and his scenes from the life of Samson, nine vigorous sketches in charcoal and white. Perhaps the most impressive of his historical pictures is his Defeat of the Gimbri, representing with wonderful skill the conflict between a horde of barbarians and a disciplined army. Decamps produced a number of genre pictures, chiefly of scenes from French and Algerine domestic life, the most marked feature of which is humour. The same characteristic attaches to most of his numerous animal paintings. He painted dogs, horses, &c., with great fidelity and sympathy ; but his favourite subject was monkeys, which he depicted in various studies and sketches with a grotesque humour that could scarcely be surpassed. Probably the best known of all his works is The Monkey Connoisseurs, a clever satire of the jury of the French Academy of Painting, which had rejected several of his earlier works on account of their divergence from any known standard. The pictures and sketches of Decamps were first made familiar to the English public through the lithographs of Eugene la Koux. See Moreau s Decamps et son (Euvre (Paris, 1869).
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Alexander Anderson

See also Alexander Anderson (mathematician) on Wikipedia; Alexander Anderson at Wikipedia, Alexander Anderson in the 11th Edition; and the disclaimer.
ANDERSON, Alexander, an eminent mathematician, was born at Aberdeen about 1582. In his youth he went to the Continent, and settled as a private teacher or professor of mathematics at Paris, where he published or edited, between the years 1612 and 1619, various geometrical and algebraical tracts, which are conspicuous for their ingenuity and elegance. He was selected by the executors of the celebrated Vieta to revise and edit his manuscript works, a task which he discharged with great ability. He afterwards produced a specimen of the application of geometrical analysis, which is distinguished by its clearness and classic elegance. The works of Anderson amount to six thin quarto volumes, which are now very scarce. As the last of them was published in 1619, it is probable that the author died soon after that year, but the precise date is unknown.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Alexander Gordon Laing

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LAING, Alexander Gordon (1793–1826), an African explorer, was born at Edinburgh 27th December 1793. At first it seemed that he would follow his father’s profession, that of a teacher of the classics; but, his fancy being fired with the military ardour of the time, he set out for Barbados, where his maternal uncle Colonel Gordon was then stationed. Here he met with Sir George Beckwith, who procured him a commission in the York light infantry. His career as a traveller began in 1822, when he was sent on a mission to the country of the Sulimas and advanced as far as the sources of the Rokelle. By ascertaining that the source of the Quorra or Niger was not more than 1600 feet above the sea, he dispelled the idea that it was connected with the Nile. The further elucidation of the other questions that were then connected with this great river formed the principal object of his next journey, undertaken in 1825 under the auspices of Lord Bathurst. From a letter sent May 10, 1826, from Blad Sidi Mohammed to Consul Warrington at Tripoli we know that he had barely escaped with his life from an attack in which he had received twenty-four wounds. He managed to reach Timbuctoo by August 18th, but shortly afterwards fell a victim to the treachery of his servant. The history of the vain attempt to recover the traveller’s journals will be found in the Quarterly Review, vol. xlii. (1830). The narrative of his first journey was published in 1825.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Grævius

See also Johann Georg Graevius on Wikipedia; Johann Georg Graevius on Wikipedia, Graevius in the 11th edition; and the disclaimer.
​GRÆVIUS (1632-1703). Johann Georg Gräfe, Greffe, or Grævius, one of the great classical scholars of the 17th century, was born at Naumburg, Saxony, 29th January 1632, and after receiving the usual school education at the gymnasium of Pforta became a student of law in the university of Leipsic. During a casual visit to Deventer in his eighteenth year, he became acquainted with Gronovius; and this circumstance greatly stimulated a taste for pure scholarship which he had already begun to display somewhat to the detriment of his professional prospects. Finally abandoning jurisprudence shortly afterwards, he studied philology for two years under Gronovius, and subsequently sat under Heinsius at Leyden, and under Morns and Blo:idel at Amsterdam. During his residence in the last-named city he abandoned Lutheranism and joined the Reformed Church; and in 1656 he was called by the elector of Brandenburg to the chair of belles lettres in the university of Duisburg. Two years after wards he was, on the recommendation of Gronovius, chosen to succeed that scholar at Deventer; and in 1662 he was translated to the university of Utrecht, where he occupied first the chair of rhetoric, and afterwards from 1667 until his death (January 11, 1703) that of history and politics. During the later years of his life he enjoyed a great and European reputation, and repeated attempts, which, however, he steadfastly resisted, were made to induce him to transfer his services to other universities and Governments. His lecture-room was crowded by pupils, many of them of distinguished rank, from all parts of the civilized world; and by Louis XIV, as well as by other sovereigns, he was now and again honoured with special recognition.
Of his works the two most important are the Thesaurus Antiquitatum Romanarum, published in 12 volumes at Utrecht (1694-1699), and the Thesaurus Antiquitatum et Historiarum Italiæ, published after his death, and continued by Burmann (1704-1725). His editions of the classics, although at the time of their appearance they marked a distinct advance in scholarship, are now for the most part superseded. They include Hesiodi Ascræi quæ extant Opera (1667), Luciani Pseudosophista (1668), Justini Historiæ Philippicæ (1669), Suetonius (1672), Catullus, Tibullus, et Propertius (1680), and several of the works of Cicero. The Oratio Funebris by P. Burmann (Utrecht, 1703) contains an exhaustive list of the works of this scholar.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Gruyère

See also Gruyères on Wikipedia; Gruyère District and Gruyères on Wikipedia, Gruyère in the 11th edition; and the disclaimer.
​GRUYÈRE, or Gruyères (German, Greyerz), is a small pastoral district in the Swiss canton of Freiburg, noted for its cheese (see CHEESE and FREIBURG), which was at one time a separate countship. It forms part of the basin of the Saane. The old town of Gruyere, where the counts had their castle, had only 1097 inhabit ants according to the census of 1870, while the neighbour ing town of Bulle had 2274. There is no mention by that name of the counts or countship of Gruyere in any document previous to the 12th century, but the same f imily with the title of count of Ogo, i.e., Hoch-gau, have been traced, though not without interruption, as far back as 923. The new designation was due, it would appear, to the fact that the counts of Ogo had held the post of gruyer (gruerius) or warden of the woods and forests to one of the later kings of Burgundy, the name of office, as in the case of the Scotch Stewarts, gradually passing into a regular family name. The counts of Gruyere were for the most part a vigorous and warlike line, and their banner, with the figure of a grue or crane, was not only a familiar object in the local conflicts of Savoy and Switzerland but saw good service in distant fields. Their last representative died in exile, his possessions having been seized by his creditors and sold to Bern in 1554.
The fortunes of the house are related with much detail in Hisely s "Histoire du Comtede Gruyere," which occupies vols. ix. , x. , and xi. of the Memoires de la Soc. dhistoire de la Suisse Romandc, Lau sanne, 1838, &c. See also Bonstetteu, Brie) "c iibcr tin Schwcizcr- isclics Hirtcnland, Basel, 1782 ; H. Charles, Course dans La Gruyere, Paris, 1826.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Grottaglie

See also Grottaglie on Wikipedia; Grottaglie on Wikipedia, Grottaglie in the 11th edition; and the disclaimer.
​GROTTAGLIE, a small city of Italy, in the province of Lecce and circondario of Taranto, about 14 miles N.E. of Taranto. It probably occupies the site of Rudise, the birth place of the Latin poet Ennius, afterwards known as Castel Rodelle. The name Grottaglie is due to the number of caves in the vicinity. In modern times the place is worthy of note mainly because it has given birth to several men of considerable national eminence, as is set forth in detail in Pignatelli's history of the town. An excellent red clay for the manufacture of earthenware is found at Grottaglie. The inhabitants numbered 8747 in 1871.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Groundsel

See also Senecio vulgaris on Wikipedia; Common, heath, and sticky groundsel and groundsel on Wikipedia, Groundsel in the 11th edition; and the disclaimer.
​GROUNDSEL (German, Kreuzkraut; French, Seneçon), Senecio vulgaris, Linn., is an annual, glabrous or more or less woolly plant of the natural order Compositæ, series Tubulifloreæ and tribe Senecionideæ, having a branched succulent stem 6 to 15 inches in height; pinnatifid and irregularly and coarsely-toothed leaves; flowers in separate corymbs, with involucres of about 20 equal and several external and smaller bracts, and florets yellow and tubular, rarely ligulate in the marginal row; and ribbed and silky fruit. The plant is indigenous to Europe, whence it has been introduced into all temperate climates. It is a troublesome weed, flowering throughout the year, and propagating itself rapidly by means of its light feathery fruits; it has its use, however, as a food for cage-birds. Senecio sylvaticus and S. viscosus are known respectively as mountain groundsel and stinking groundsel. Many species of the genus are handsome florists' plants. The groundsel tree, Baccharis halimifolia, Linn., a native of the North American sea-coast from Massachusetts southward, is a Composite shrub, attaining 6 to 12 feet in height, and having angular branches, obovate or oblong-cuneate, somewhat scurfy leaves, and flowers larger than but similar to those of common groundsel. The long white pappus of the female plant renders it a conspicuous object in autumn. The groundsel tree has been cultivated in British gardens since 1683.
See Loudon, Arboretum, vol. ii., 1838; Syme, Sowerby's English Botany, vol. v., 3d ed., 1866.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Grünberg

See also Zielona Góra on Wikipedia; Zielona Góra on Wikipedia, Grünberg in the 11th edition; and the disclaimer.
​GRUNBERG, or Grüneberg, a town of Prussian Silesia, chief town of a circle in the government district of Liegnitz, is beautifully situated on an affluent of the Oder, and on the railway from Breslau to Stettin by Kiistrin, 36 miles N.N.W. of Glogau. It has a real-school of the first order, a higher female school, and a trade school. The prosperity of the town depends chiefly on the vine culture in the neighbourhood, from which, besides the exportation of a large quantity of grapes, about 700,000 gallons of wine are manufactured annually. The wine is a kind of cham pagne, and is largely exported to Russia. There are also manufictures of machinery, cloth, preserved fruits, and lignite. The population of the town in 1875 was 12,200.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Grove

See also Grove (nature) on Wikipedia; Grove on Wikipedia, Grove in the 11th edition; and the disclaimer.
​GROVE. The almost universal occurrence, at one stage or another in the religious and social development of the races of mankind, of the practice of worshipping by pre ference under or among trees to which a peculiarly sacred and inviolable character is attached, is a fact too well known to require particular illustration here. Its explana tion is to be sought partly in obvious considerations of physical convenience, but even more in certain psychical phenomena which may still be made matters of direct observation and experience (" Lucos, et in iis silentia ipsa adoramus," Pliny, H.N., xii. 1; " Secretum luci . . . et admiratio umbrae fidem tibi numinis facit," Sen., Ep. xli.). It does not appear to have any necessary connexion with tree-worship, another very widely diffused practice, on which, and on its possible connexion with ancestor-worship, some suggestive remarks will be found in Spencer s Principles of Sociology. It has sometimes been alleged as a character istic difference between the Semitic and the Aryan races that the former show a tendency to select single trees for sanctuaries, while the latter are generally found worshipping in groves ; and this generalization, though liable to many exceptions, is really borne out at least by the familiar in dications to be met with in Scripture. The word " grove " so often met with in the authorized version of the Bible, is nowhere there correctly employed. In Gen. xxi. 33 and
1 Sam. xxii. 6 (margin) it is used as a rendering of the Hebrew word 7^ of which " tamarisk" is the proper translation. In every other instance in which it occurs (Ex. xxxiv. 13 ; Deut. xii. 3 ; xvi. 21 ; Judg. iii. 7 ; vi. 25, 28 ; Isa. xvii. 8 ; Mic. v. 14 ; and often in Kings and Chronicles), where the LXX. translate aAo-o?, and the Vulgate lucus, the ​original is invariably Asherah (""IK), meaning a tree or post (see BAAL, vol. iii. p. 175). The "plain" of Moreh, or Mamre also, in Gen. xii. 6 and xiii. 18, represents fh$, which all modern interpreters render "terebinth."
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Gräfe

See also Gräfe (disambiguation) on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
In the 9th edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica, Gräfe or Graefe may refer to:
* Albrecht von Gräfe, a German oculist,
* Heinrich Gräfe, a German churchman and educator,
* Johann Georg Gräfe, better known as Grævius, a German classicist, or
* Karl Ferdinand von Gräfe, a German surgeon.