OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Statt

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Statt | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Statt, f., ‘place, stead,’ from MidHG. and OHG. stat, f., ‘place, spot’; from the plur. (OHG. stęti, MidHG. stęte) is derived ModHG. Stätte, f., ‘place, site.’ Corresponding to Du. stede, steê, ‘spot, place, small town.’ The ModHG. prep. statt (comp. kraft) is properly an oblique case of the subst.; in MidHG. (very rarely) an... stęte, ‘in place of,’ &c. ModHG. zu statten (as in the phrase zu statten kommen, ‘to serve one's turn, be useful’) is not connected with this word Statt, but is based on MidHG. stat, OHG. stata, f., ‘convenient spot or period, occasion, help’; hence even in MidHG. ze staten, OHG. zi statu, ‘at a suitable time, for assistance.’ With this is associated ModHG. gestatten, MidHG. gestaten, OHG. gistatôn, ‘to permit,’ lit. ‘to furnish a good opportunity.’ OHG. stata is, like stat (gen. stęti), a verbal abstract of stehen. — ModHG. stattfinden, ‘to take place,’ from MidHG. state finden, ‘to find a good opportunity.’ —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Stauche

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Stauche | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Stauche, f., ‘veil, sleeve, muff, mitten,’ from MidHG. stûche, OHG. stûhha, f., ‘the broad pendant sleeve on a woman's dress, kerchief, veil, cloth, apron’; corresponding to AS. stocu, ‘long sleeve, OIc. stúka. The Rom. cognate, Fr. étui (Ital. astuccio), ‘case,’ has been derived rom a Teut. *stûkjo. Teut. stū̆kô (stū̆kjo) is usually connected with a pre-Teut. root stū̆g; OLG. stûkan, Du. stuiken, ‘to pile up, push,’ and Lith. stùgti, ‘to look aloft.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Stamm

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Stamm | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Stamm, m., ‘stem, trunk, stock, tribe,’ from MidHG. and OHG. stam (mm), m., ‘trunk, pedigree, race, reason, cause’; corresponding to Du. stam, AS. stemn (stœfn), E. stem (see Steven), OIc. stafn. The implied Teut. stamno- (hardly for stabno-, allied to Stab), a derivative of the Aryan root stā̆, ‘to stand,’ is equiv. to Ir. tamon (for *stamon-), ‘pedigree,’ and Gr. στάμνος, ‘wine jar,’ the meaning of which recalls ModHG. Ständer.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Stand

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Stand | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Stand, m., ‘state, position, rank, stand,’ from MidHG. stant (d), m., ‘state, condition’; from the root stand (see stehen).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Stapel

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Stapel | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Stapel, m., ‘support, stocks (for ships),’ ModHG. only, a LG. word, corresponding to HG. Staffel. Comp. Du. stapel, ‘heap, staple-town,’ E. staple (hence Fr. étape, ‘depot, emporium’). “The development of meaning in the cognates ranges through the meanings ‘support (AS. stapol), foundation (OHG. staffol), frame, heap, piled up goods.’” See the following word.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Stange

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Stange | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Stange, f., ‘pole, stake, curb-bit,’ from the equiv. MidHG. stange, OHG. stanga, f.; corresponding to Du. and E. stang, OIc. stǫng, f., ‘pole.’ From the Teut. cognates is derived the Rom. class of Ital. stanga, ‘pole.’ Teut. stangô is usually connected with the Teut. root sting (see stechen), preserved in E. to sting. For a similar development of meaning see Staken. Deriv. Stengel.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Star

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Star | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Star, m., ‘starling,’ from the equiv. MidHG. star, m., OHG. stara, f.; corresponding to AS. stœr, stearn, E. stare, OIc. stare, starre, ‘starling’; primit. allied to Lat. sturnus. E. starling indicates the derivation of ModHG. Sperling (OHG. sparo). —
Star, m., ‘cataract’ (of the eye), has been deduced in ModHG. from MidHG. starblint (d) OHG. starablint (comp. Du. staarblind), adj., ‘blind from a cataract,’ which has no connection with the name of the bird, since it more probably belongs to the same root as ModHG. starren (OHG. starên), ‘to look fixedly, stare.’ In AS., besides stœrblind, a curious form, pûrblind occurs, the first component of which is AS. pûr, ‘bittern’; comp. Gr. γλαύκωμα, from γλαύξ, ‘owl.’ Hence the instinctive connection between the name of the bird and the disease is quite comprehensible.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Stoffel

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Stoffel. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Stoffel, masculine, ‘foolish fellow,’ an abbrev. of Christoph; compare Metze and Rüpel.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Storren

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Storren. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Storren, masculine, ‘stump of a tree,’ from the equivalent Middle High German storre, Old High German storro, masculine, which is connected with Old High German storrên, Middle High German storren, ‘to stand out, project’ (Gothic andstaúrran, ‘to grumble, murmur’; root star, see starr. To this is allied störrig, adverb, ‘stubbornly, obstinately,’ Modern High German only; literally ‘clod-like, of the nature of a clod.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Strafe

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Strafe. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Strafe, feminine, ‘punishment, penalty, fine,’ from the equivalent Middle High German (rare), strâfe, feminine; Old High German *strâfa, feminine, is, like the verb corresponding to Modern High German and Middle High German strâfen, ‘to punish,’ not recorded. The cognates are specifically High German (whence Dutch straf), and are wanting in the other Teutonic dialects. The late appearance of the word does not prove that it was borrowed. The history of the cognates is obscure.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Stotz

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Stotz. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Stotz, masculine, ‘stump of a tree,’ Modern High German only; early history obscure.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Strahl

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Strahl. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Strahl, masculine, ‘ray, beam,’ from Middle High German strâl, strâle, masculine and feminine, Old High German strâla, feminine, ‘arrow, flash of lightning’ (Old High German donerstrâla, ‘flash of lighting’); corresponding to Dutch straal, Anglo-Saxon strœ̂l, ‘arrow.’ These West Teutonic cognates (whence Italian strale, ‘arrow’) are closely connected with Old Slovenian strěla, ‘arrow’ (whence Russian strěla, ‘arrow,’ hence Strelitze literally ‘marksman, archer’). To these are allied strahlen, ‘to beam, radiate’ (occurring in ModHG only), and also the following word.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Stoff

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Stoff. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Stoff, masculine, ‘stuff, material, matter,’ Modern High German only, borrowed, like Dutch stof, English stuff, from Romance. Compare the equivalent French étoffe, Italian stoffa, feminine, the origin of which has not been explained.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Stolle

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Stolle. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Stolle, feminine, Stollen, masculine, ‘prop, post, gallery (of a mine),’ from Middle High German stolle, Old High German stollo, masculine, ‘support, post.’ Derived, like Stall, stellen, and still, from the root stal, which appears also in Sanscrit sthûṇâ. The latter points, like Old High German stollo (from *stolno-), to Aryan stelnâ, ‘post’; for ll from ln compare voll and Wolle.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Stoppel

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Stoppel. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Stoppel, feminine, ‘stubble,’ properly a Middle German and Low German form; in genuine High German we have Upper German štupfel, from Middle High German stupfel, Old High German stupfila, feminine; compare the equivalent Dutch stoppel, English stubble, and Old Swedish stubb. Whether the cognates are borrowed from Latin stipula (late Latin stupila, equivalent to Italian stoppio, French étouble, ‘stubble’) is uncertain; nor has it been decided what connection there is between the Teutonic word and its non-Teutonic representatives (such as Old Slovenian stĭblo, ‘stubble’). On the other hand, the root syllable of Stoppel with that of stopfen may point to Aryan stup, ‘to prick, pierce,’ or rather it may with Old Icelandic stúpa, ‘to project’ (to which English steeple, from steep, is allied), be traced back to primary meaning, ‘to stand out rigid, jut, project.’ It might also be connected with the nasalised cognates of Stump, which, with Swiss stṻbes, English stub, and Old Icelandic stúfr, stúfe, ‘stump,’ presume a Teutonic root stū̆p, stū̆b, ‘to hew off.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Strand

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Strand. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Strand, masculine, ‘strand, beach,’ from late Middle High German (Middle German) strant (d), masculine, adopted as a literary term from Low German; compare Dutch strand, Anglo-Saxon strand, English strand, Old Icelandic strǫnd. These cognates, from which Old French étrain is borrowed, cannot be traced farther back. To this is allied the Modern High German stranden, equivalent to Dutch stranden, English to strand. Compare Ufer.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Storch

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Storch. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Storch, masculine, ‘stork,’ from the equivalent Middle High German storch (variant storc, whence Stork, common to Upper German and West Thuringian); Old High German storah (hh), also storc, masculine; compare Anglo-Saxon storc, English stork, and the equivalent Old Icelandic storkr. Its prehistoric connection with Greek τόργος, ‘vulture,’ is dubious. On the other band, the Slavonic cognates, Old Slovenian stĭrkŭ, Russian sterchŭ, ‘stork,’ must have been borrowed from Old Teutonic.
# American Medical Biographies/Wythe, Joseph Henry

​Wythe, Joseph Henry (1822–1901)
Joseph Henry Wythe, preacher-physician, was born in Manchester, England, March 19, 1822, the son of Joseph Wythe and Mary Chamberlain. He came to this country in 1835 and was licensed to preach in the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1842. He studied medicine and was graduated in 1850 at the Pennsylvania Medical College and settled in Port Carbon, Pennsylvania, where he was surgeon to the Beaver Meadow Collieries. In 1862–3 he was surgeon in the United States Army and organized Camp Parole Hospital at Alexandria, Virginia.
​After the war he moved to the Pacific Coast and in 1865 was President of Willamette University, Salem, Oregon, and organized a medical department. Uniting with the conference he again began preaching.
Later he settled in Oakland, California, and in 1874 became professor of Microscopy and Histology in the Medical College of the Pacific, San Francisco, which became Cooper Medical College in 1882. Dr. Wythe continued in the chair of histology till 1897 and was Professor Emeritus till his death October 14, 1901.
He wrote several books, "The Microscopist, a Complete Manual on the Use of the Microscope" (1850), which went through several editions; "Curiosities of the Microscope" (1852); "Physician's Pocket Dose and Prescription Book" (1852, 8th ed. 1869); "Agreement of Science and Revelation" (1883); "Outlines of Normal and Pathological Histology. a Syllabus in 3 parts;" "Easy Lessons in Vegetable Biology" (1883) and "The Science of Life" (1884), also numerous articles in the medical periodical press.
Dr. Wythe was a little round man, full of energy, a splendid teacher with a charming personality and an excellent gift for free hand drawing at the black-board with colored chalk with which he illustrated his lectures on histology. In the community in which he lived he was best known as a surgeon and although most of his work was done in the pre-antiseptic era he was very successful as an operator. He did a great deal of abdominal surgery, performing hysterectomy for fibroids, ovariotomy, and other major operations, and still he found time to occupy the pulpit on Sunday morning many times during each year.
# American Medical Biographies/Yates, Christopher C.

Yates was born in May, 1779, according to historical records.
​Yates, Christopher C. ( –1848)
Christopher C. Yates was born in Rensselaer County, New York State, studied medicine with Dr. Samuel Stringer, a veteran in the profession, and was probably licensed by the Supreme Court of the State, in the year 1802 or 1803. For many years he lived in Albany and at one time created great excitement in the community by exhuming, for dissection, a half-breed Indian who had died there. The public were incensed by such sacrilege, and Dr. Yates braved the storm almost at the risk of his life.
In 1812 an epidemic of bilious fever appeared in Albany, upon which Dr. Yates wrote an article which was published in the American and Philosophical Register in 1813. He attributed the prominent characteristics of the disease to derangement of the liver and regarded the malady as purely inflammatory. The article was reviewed by Dr. Hosack and Dr. Francis of New York (q.v.). In 1820 he took an active and decided part in the controversy on yellow fever.
In 1832 he published an article on "Epidemic, Asiatic or Spasmodic Cholera, Prevailing in the City of New York, with advice to planters in the south on the medical treatment of their slaves."
He also discussed cholera in a letter to Dr. Barent P. Staats, the health officer of Albany in 1832, and gave an account of the disease as observed by French authors. These articles are preserved in the State Library. While living in New York, Dr. Yates lost a son, Winfield Scott, a lad of eighteen, extraordinarily proficient in the various branches of learning.
Yates gave his attention to the cure of stammering, as a professional specialty, but there remains no evidence that he was particularly skilful in such cases.
He returned to Albany about 1840, but went eventually to Parrsborough, in Nova Scotia, where he passed the rest of his days, and died September 23, 1848. In personal appearance, he was tall, with a slender figure, an intelligent face, and prepossessing address.
# American Medical Biographies/Yale, LeRoy Milton

​Yale, LeRoy Milton (1841–1906)
LeRoy Milton Yale, pediatrist, and known also for his good etching, was born at Holmes Hole (Vineyard Haven), Massachusetts, on February 12, 1841, the son of LeRoy Milton and Maria Allen Yale.
He brought the same exactitude to his surgical as to his artistic work, and dealt with children with equal carefulness.
As an etcher he produced several hundred plates. The best of his work had the qualities demanded of a painter-etcher and he took an active interest in founding the New York Etching Club.
He graduated from Columbia College in 1862 and from Bellevue Hospital Medical College in 1866, lecturing there for some time on orthopedic surgery, and afterwards on obstetrics in the University of Vermont, also holding successively a surgeonship in the Charity, Bellevue, and Presbyterian Hospitals. He was co-editor of the Medical Gazette; medical editor of Babyhood and wrote "Nursery Problems," 1893; "The Century Book of Mothers;" "Phimosis," 1877; "The Mechanical Treatment of Chronic Diseases of the Hip-joints," 1878; "Remarks on Excision of the Hip," 1885; "The Diagnosis of Early Hip-joint Disease from Rheumatism, Neuralgia and So-called 'Growing-pains,'" 1893.
He died on September 14, 1906.
# American Medical Biographies/Young, Daniel S.

​Young, Daniel S. (1827–1902)
Daniel S. Young, surgeon, artist and inventor, was born in New York in 1827 and graduated in medicine at the Albany Medical College, New York, in 1855, settling in Cincinnati. During the war he was surgeon of the 21st Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, afterward lecturing on surgery in the Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery. He contributed some valuable papers on military surgery to the Cincinnati Journal of Medicine, which was edited by G. C. Blackman, accompanying them with beautiful colored illustrations, all his own work, he being an expert draftsman, painter, engraver, lithographer and block-cutter. Young was engaged in writing a "Surgical History of the Civil War," but abandoned the work when the War Department announced the preparation of such a work by the surgeon-general's office. He was for some years connected with the surgical staff of the Cincinnati Hospital and had a wide reputation as a surgeon and obstetrician. He died in 1902.
Dan Young, as he was known, was a versatile man. Years ago he discovered that zinc plates might be used for engraving but never thought of patenting his invention. He was a master of the art of etching and modelling; and some beautiful samples of his work are to be found in the library of the Cincinnati Hospital. He was also a violin-maker; in fact, there was hardly any kind of handiwork in which he did not excel. In making splints or dressings of any kind he was quick as he was resourceful and artistic. It is but natural to suppose that he possessed the eccentricities of genius to a liberal extent.
Young in 1867 reported a case of gangrene of the heart, a pathological curiosity. In 1880 he made a drawing within twelve hours after the shooting of President Garfield, showing the exact location of the bullet; and the autopsy, made many weeks later, proved the correctness of Young's diagram.
# American Medical Biographies/Zollickoffer, William

​Zollickoffer, William (1793–1853)
The available material for a life of William Zollickoffer, botanist, proved very scanty. He graduated M. D. at the University of Maryland in 1818, and the Washington University in 1838. In the minutes of the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland is a note that in 1830 Dr. William Zollickoffer was put in charge of a "vaccine agency" in Baltimore provided he should sustain it for one year and conduct it to the satisfaction of the faculty. He was one of the earliest in the United States to write a materia medica and his book entitled "A Materia Medica of the United States," came out in 1819, and was re-issued in 1827. He also wrote, in 1822, a pamphlet on the "Use of Prussiate of Iron in Intermitting and Remitting Fevers." He was lecturer on medical botany, materia medica and therapeutics at the University of Maryland. It is said the Zollikoferia, one of the asteraceae, was named after him by De Candolle. His death took place in Carroll County, Maryland, in 1853, at the age of sixty.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/plump

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry plump. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ plump, adjective, ‘plump, unwieldy, coarse,’ Modern High German only, from Low German and Dutch plomp, ‘thick, coarse, blunt’ hence in Swiss pflumpfig, with the High German permutation); from Dutch the word seems to have passed into English and Scandinavian as plump. The term plump was originally an imitation of sound.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/plötzlich

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry plötzlich. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ plötzlich, adverb, ‘suddenly,’ from the equivalent late Middle High German plozlich (also earlier Modern High German plotz merely); allied to *plotz, ‘sudden blow.’ In Upper German the adverb is quite unknown.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/pochen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry pochen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ pochen, verb, ‘to knock, beat,’ from Middle High German puchen, bochen; compare Middle Low German boken, Dutch pogchen, ‘to boast,’ English to poke. The Modern High German verb is not borrowed from the Low German; compare Alemannian bochen. It is derived from a Teutonic root puk, buk.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/platt

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry platt. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ platt, adjective, ‘flat, level, dull, downright’; in Middle High German, only Middle German blatefuoȥ and platehuof, ‘flat foot, sole of the foot,’ are recorded. It is most closely connected with Dutch (Low German) plat, ‘plat,’ which, like English dialectic plat-footed (i.e. flat-footed), is derived from Romance, French plat, Italian piatto. Their origin is ascribed to Greek πλατύς. To this plätten (Dutch pletten), ‘to flatten, iron (clothes),’ is allied, as well as Platte, feminine, ‘flat, dish’ (Middle High German blate, plate, signify only ‘covering for the breast, baldness’), formed from Dutch plat, ‘flat,’ French plat, English plate.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/plaudern

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry plaudern. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ plaudern, verb, ‘to chatter, chat,’ from late Middle High German plûdern, a variant of blâderen, blôdern, ‘to rustle, roar’; a recent form in imitation of sound, like Latin blaterare, ‘to babble’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/plärren

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry plärren. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ plärren, verb, from the equivalent Middle High German blerren, blêren, ‘to cry, bleat’; an imitation of sound like Dutch blaren, ‘to bleat,’ and English to blare.