OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# American Medical Biographies/Shippen, William (1712–1801)

​Shippen, William (1712–1801)
William Shippen the elder was born in Philadelphia, October 1,1712, the son of Joseph Shippen and Abigail Grosse. His grandfather, Edward Shippen, mayor of Philadelphia, emigrated to this country from Cheshire, England, in 1668, and was proverbially distinguished as having three great things: "The biggest house, the biggest person, and the biggest coach."
William Shippen had a decided bent for medicine and early undertook its study. He was not long in securing a large and lucrative practice. He was remarkable for his generosity to the poor, giving them much of his time and money.
He married Susannah Harrison, of Philadelphia, in September, 1735, and had four sons. One of them, William Shippen, he trained for the medical profession, providing him with an excellent education in Europe. On the return of the young man in 1762, the father encouraged him to give a series of lectures on anatomy, thus inaugurating the first medical school of the country.
Dr. Shippen was elected to the Continental Congress in 1778 and re-elected in 1779. He was a member of Benjamin Franklin's "Junto," and was vice-president of the American Philosophical Society. He was the first ​physician to the Pennsylvania Hospital, 1753–1778. He was one of the twenty-four founders of the University of Pennsylvania and a trustee (1749–1779); a founder of the College of New Jersey (Princeton) and trustee (1765–1796); and one of the founders of the First Presbyterian Church (1742), of which he was a member for nearly sixty years, and in the graveyard of which he was buried.
Dr. Shippen was noted for his splendid health and physique; he rode horseback from Germantown to Philadelphia in the coldest weather without an overcoat and but a short time before his death he took a six mile walk. He never tasted wine or liquor until his last illness, which occurred when he was ninety years old, the end coming at Germantown, November 4, 1801.
# American Medical Biographies/Shoemaker, John Veitch

Note: Dr. Shoemaker was born in 1852, not 1858 as this entry reads. The source article in the Journal of the American Medical Association (Vol. 55, No. 17, Oct. 22, 1910, p. 1485) reads that he died at age 52. JAMA published a correction (Vol. 55, No. 19 Nov. 5, 1910, p. 1655) noting that he in fact died at age 58.
​Shoemaker, John Veitch (1858–1910)
Born in 1858, he graduated A. B. and A. M. from Dickinson College and M. D, from Jefferson Medical College in 1874. He was a member of the American Academy of Medicine; Association of Military Surgeons of the United States; British Medical Association and London Medical Society; president of the American Medical Editors' Association and president of the American Therapeutic Association: demonstrator and lecturer on anatomy, and lecturer on cutaneous affections in Jefferson Medical College from 1874 to 1886; professor of cutaneous diseases and materia medica and therapeutics since 1886 in the Medico-Chirurgical College, and president of the institution since 1890; senior physician to the Medico-Chirurgical Hospital; founder of the Medical Bulletin in 1879, and Medical Register in 1887; and editor of the Medical Times and Register.
He was surgeon-general of the State of Pennsylvania from 1898 to 1902; and during the Spanish-American War raised the necessary funds and presented to the State of Pennsylvania a fully-equipped hospital train for the transportation of its sick soldiers from Camp Alger, Virginia. He was commissioned first lieutenant, Medical Reserve Corps, United States Army, in 1898.
In 1876 he married Jennie M. Logan, of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania.
Dr. Shoemaker was a prolific contributor to the literature of dermatology, materia medica and therapeutics. He wrote "Practical Treatise on Diseases of the Skin," pp. 633, 1888: "Practical Treatise on Materia Medica and Therapeutics," 2nd ed., 1046 pp., 1893. He exploited the use of oleates in skin diseases and wrote "Ointments and Oleates Especially in Diseases of the Skin," 2nd ed., 298 pp., 1890. Altogether there are twenty-seven titles of his writings in the Surgeon-General's catalogue. He died at his home in Philadelphia, October 11, 1910, from acute nephritis, aged fifty-two.
# American Medical Biographies/Slack, Elijah

​Slack, Elijah (1784–1866)
Elijah Slack was both M. D. and LL. D. and was born in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, November 6, 1784, graduating at Princeton in 1810 and soon after taking charge of an academy at Trenton, and subsequently being professor of natural sciences, and vice-president in Princeton College.
In 1817 he went to Cincinnati and in 1819, when the Medical College of Ohio was organized, was appointed professor of chemistry, a position he held for fourteen years.
He was also a minister of the Presbyterian Church. During the whole of his active life he was a teacher. Dr. Slack was the first president of the Cincinnati Medical Society, which was organized in 1819. He was also first president of Cincinnati College, incorporated the same year. He died May 29, 1866.
# American Federation of Labor v. Swing

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
312 U.S. 321
American Federation of Labor v. Swing
Argued: Dec. 13, 1940. --- Decided: Feb 10, 1941
See 312 U.S. 715, 61 S.Ct. 735, 85 L.Ed. --.
Messrs. Walter F. Dodd and Daniel D. Carnell, both of Chicago, Ill., for petitioners.
Messrs. Myer N. Rosengard and Samuel A. Rinella, both of Chicago, Ill., for respondents.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 321-323 intentionally omitted]
Mr. Justice FRANKFURTER delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# American Federation of Labor v. Watson

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
327 U.S. 582
American Federation of Labor v. Watson
Argued: Feb. 8, 1946. --- Decided: March 25, 1946
Appeal from the District Court of the United States for the Southern District of Florida.
[Syllabus from pages 582-584 intentionally omitted]
Mr.Herbert S. Thatcher, of Washington, D.C., for appellants.
Messrs. J. Tom Watson, Howard S. Bailey, and Sumter Leitner, all of Tallahassee, Fla., for appellees.
Mr. Justice DOUGLAS delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# American Federation of Labor v. National Labor Relations Board

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
308 U.S. 401
American Federation of Labor v. National Labor Relations Board
Argued: Dec. 7, 8, 1939. --- Decided: Jan 2, 1940
Mr. Joseph A. Padway, of Washington, D.C., for petitioners.
Mr. Charles Fahy, of Washington, D.C., for respondent.
Mr. Justice STONE delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# American Medical Biographies/Wolcott, Oliver

​Wolcott, Oliver (1726–1797)
Dr. Oliver Wolcott, governor of Connecticut and signer of the Declaration of Independence, was born of a heroic, patriotic family November 26, 1774, in Windsor, Connecticut, the son of Roger Wolcott, who had been governor of Connecticut and second in command to Sir William Pepperell in the famous expedition which took Louisburg from the French. His elder brother was a brigadier-general in the Revolution and later supreme court judge in Connecticut. Oliver graduated from Yale College in 1747, and was at once appointed captain of a company of colonial soldiers in the war between the French and the English. He studied medicine with his brother Alexander, a physician. In 1751 he was made sheriff of Litchfield County and so entered his political career, becoming in course member of the council, judge of the court of common pleas, and judge of probate in the district of Litchfield. He also rose to the rank of major-general in the state militia. In July, 1775, he was appointed by the Continental Congress a commissioner, to obtain the adherence, or if possible, the neutrality, of the Iroquois Indians, but failed.
After the riot in Bowling Green, New York, in 1770, in which the lead statue of George the Third was overthrown, the statue was converted into rebel bullets in his house in Litchfield for use against His Majesty's soldiers. In 1776, as a member of the Continental Congress, he signed the Declaration of Independence. In 1777 he was active in raising troops for the Continental Army and commanded a militia brigade in the battle of Saratoga. In 1780 he was reelected and remained a member of Congress until 1784. In 1796 he was elected governor of the State of Connecticut.
He died in Litchfield, December 8, 1797, universally respected for his great ability and integrity. His son, Oliver, Jr., succeeded Alexander Hamilton as Secretary of the Treasury.
# American Medical Biographies/Williamson—Zollickoffer

* Williamson, Hugh
* Willson, Robert Newton
* Wilson, Ellwood
* Wilson, Henry Parke Custis
* Wilson, John
* Wilson, Thomas Bellerby
* Winslow, Caleb
* Winslow, Charles Frederick
* Winthrop, John
* Wishard, William Henry
* Wislizenus, Frederick Adolphus
* Wistar, Caspar
* Withington, Charles Francis
* Witt, Christopher
* Witthaus, Rudolph August
* Wolcott, Alexander
* Wolcott, Erastus Bradley
* Wolcott, Oliver
* Wood, Edward Stickney
* Wood, George Bacon
* Wood, Isaac
* Wood, James Rushmore
* Wood, Thomas
* Wood, Thomas Fanning
* Wood, William
* Wood, William Maxwell
* Woodhouse, James
* Woodruff, Charles Edward
* Woodward, Joseph Janvier
* Woodward, Rufus
* Woodward, Samuel Bayard
* Woodward, Theodore
* Woodworth, John Maynard
* Woolley, John
* Wooten, Thomas Dudley
* Worcester, Noah
* Workman, Joseph
* Wormley, Theodore George
* Worthington, Edward Dagge
* Wright, Hamilton
* Wright, John
* Wright, Joseph Jefferson Burr
* Wright, Marmaduke Burr
* Wright, Thomas Lee
* Wyman, Jeffries
* Wyman, Morrill
* Wyman, Rufus, see Wyman, Jeffries
* Wyman, Walter
* Wynne, James
* Wynne, Thomas
* Wythe, Joseph Henry
* Yale, LeRoy Milton
* Yandell, David Wendel
* Yandell, Lunsford Pitts
* Yates, Christopher C.
* Young, Aaron
* Young, Daniel S.
* Young, John Richardson
* Young, Joseph, see Goforth, William
* Young, Samuel, see Young, John Richardson
* Zakrzewska, Marie Elisabeth
* Zimmermann, Heinrich, see Carpenter, Henry
* Zollickoffer, William
# American Medical Biographies/Witthaus, Rudolph August

​Witthaus, Rudolph August (1846–1915)
Rudolph August Witthaus was a toxicologist and expert in legal medicine. Born in New York City, August 30, 1846, the son of Rudolph A. and Marie A. Dunbar Witthaus, he received the degree of Bachelor of Arts at Columbia University in 1867, and the Master of Arts at the same institution in 1870. Proceeding to Paris, he studied at the Sorbonne ​and Collége de France in 1873–74, and, returning to New York, received the degree of Doctor of Medicine in 1875 from New York University Medical College.
Dr. Witthaus was associate professor of chemistry and physics at the New York University from 1876–78, professor of chemistry and toxicology at the University of Vermont from 1878 to 1898, professor of physiological chemistry at the University Medical College (New York) from 1882 to 1886, of chemistry and physics at the same institution from 1886 to 1898, professor of chemistry and toxicology at the University of Buffalo from 1882 to 1888, professor of chemistry and physics at the Cornell University Medical College from 1898 to 1911, and professor emeritus at the same institution from 1911 until his death. Dr. Witthaus was a member of the Chemical Societies of Paris and Berlin and a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He was called as expert witness in a very large number of poisoning cases, notably in the cases of Carlyle Harris, Buchanan, Mayer, Fleming, and Molineux.
Dr. Witthaus wrote a large number of toxicologic articles, the most important of which were on poisoning by hydrocyanic acid, oxalic acid, opium and strychnine, and on ptomaines (in Wood's "Handbook of the Medical Sciences"). Others were: "On Homicide by Morphine," "The Detection of Quinine," "The Post-Mortem Imbibition of Poisons," "Researches of the Loomis Laboratory." He was also author of the following books: "Essentials of Chemistry" (1879); "General Medical Chemistry," 1861, (in Wood's "Library of Standard Medical Authors"); "Manual of Chemistry" (1879, 6th ed. 1908); "Laboratory Guide in Urinalysis and Toxicology" (1886). The crowning achievement of his life, however was the colossal "Witthaus and Becker's Medical Jurisprudence, Forensic Medicine, and Toxicology" (1894, 4 vols.), of which he was editor-in-chief, and to which he contributed the introduction and the entire fourth volume. A second edition of this work appeared in 1906.
Dr. Witthaus was a man of undersize, lean until late in life, of a sandy complexion, blue-gray eyes and very light, reddish-brown hair. He wore a mustache and rather long side whiskers until past middle age, when he wore the mustache alone. He was a man of quiet, unobtrusive manner, but inclined, at times, to be irascible. His views about religion were very cynical. He married in 1883 or 1884 a widow by the name of Ranney. He was not a man of many friends, but his friendship won was a matter to be appreciated. His life was dedicated, almost wholly, to his professional calling. He died in New York City, December 20, 1915.
# American Medical Biographies/Wasdin, Eugene

​Wasdin, Eugene (1859–1911)
Eugene Wasdin, surgeon in the United States Public Health and Marine Hospital Service, was born in Georgetown, South Carolina, September 28, 1859, son of Thomas W. Wasdin and Mary Eliza Tarbox. His ancestry was of old English stock; his early education was had in the public schools of Georgetown, after which he started a business career; but he soon decided to study medicine, and entered the South Carolina Medical College and graduated first honor man in 1882. In 1883 he entered the United States Marine Hospital Service as assistant surgeon; in 1886 he was made passed assistant surgeon, and surgeon in 1898.
Wasdin held the chair of pathology and bacteriology in the South Carolina Medical College, 1891–1893, and during that time established a well-equipped bacteriological laboratory in the college.
He did notable work in yellow fever epidemics and in 1897 was sent by the Government to Havana at the head of a commission to study yellow fever, especially with reference to the Sanarelli bacillus; he continued this work in 1899 at the Pasteur Institute at Paris, and in recognition of his services was decorated by King Humbert, of Italy; the same year he represented the United States at the International Medical Congress, held at Brussells.
Stationed at Buffalo when President McKinley was assassinated, he was one of the attending surgeons; the first to reach his side and continuing in attendance until the President's death.
In 1884 he married Agnes Morgan of Georgetown, South Carolina; there were no children.
A nervous breakdown of long standing terminated in death at Gladwyne, Pennsylvania, November 17, 1911.
# American Medical Biographies/Witt, Christopher

​Witt, Christopher (1675–1765)
Christopher Witt, or DeWitt, as he is occasionally named, was born in Wiltshire, England, in the year 1675; he emigrated to America in the year 1704 and joined the theosophical colonists on the Wissahickon. He was then in his twenty-ninth year, and in addition to being a thorough naturalist and skilled physician, was well versed in the mystic sciences and in astronomy. He was esteemed highly by his fellow-mystics; his services as a physician were constantly called into requisition. Shortly after the death of Kelpius, Dr. Witt, together with Daniel Geissler, moved to a small house in Germantown upon the land owned by Christian Warmer, who, with his family, looked after the welfare of their tenants.
Dr. Witt was a good botanist, and upon moving to Germantown, he started a large garden for his own profit and amusement. It was probably the first botanical garden in America, antedating Bartram's celebrated garden by twenty years. Dr. Witt corresponded for many years with Peter Collinson, of London, whose letters to some of the leading men in the province mention the high esteem and regard in which Dr. Witt was held by the English naturalist. In later years there was a friendly intercourse between Dr. Witt and John Bartram (q. v.).
Besides being an excellent botanist, Dr. Witt was an ingenious mechanic, constructing the first clocks made in Pennsylvania, and probably in America. He was an artist and a musician, possessing a large pipe organ said to have been made by his own hands. He also practised horoscopy and would cast nativities using the hazel rod in his divination.
When the Doctor was eighty years old his eyesight failed him, resulting finally in blindness. His slave, Robert, carefully looked after his wants until his death in the latter part of January, 1765, at the age of ninety. He was buried in the Warmer burial-ground in Germantown. This spot became known as Spook Hill, as tales were told which have survived to the present time, how upon the night following. the burial of the old mystic, spectral flames were seen dancing around his grave.
# American Medical Biographies/Warren, Joseph

​Warren, Joseph (1741–1775)
Joseph Warren, son of Joseph Warren, farmer, and Mary Stevens, was born at Roxbury, June 11, 1741, and after graduating at Harvard, in 1759, was appointed master of the Roxbury grammar school. He studied medicine under Dr. James Lloyd (q.v.), and at the age of twenty-three established himself permanently as a physician in Boston. By his successful treatment of smallpox patients, during the epidemic that scourged the New England cities at that period, he acquired a high reputation among the faculty. One of his most illustrious patients was John Adams, afterwards president of the United States, who was so favorably impressed with the young doctor that he retained him as his family physician.
In 1764 he married Elizabeth Hooton, a young lady who inherited an ample fortune.
His zeal in the cause of patriotism rendered him indifferent to bright prospects of professional advancement, and he soon gave himself, heart and soul, to American freedom. At every town meeting held in Boston, from the arrival of the British troops in October, 1768, to their removal in March, 1770, his voice was heard and his influence felt. In March, 1772, he delivered the anniversary oration upon the "Massacre," and again, March 5, 1775, he gave the oration in the old South Church in spite of threats from the British that his life was in danger. At the meeting of the Provincial Congress at Watertown, May 31, 1775, Dr. Warren was unanimously chosen its president and on June 14 he was chosen second major-general of the Massachusetts forces. On the morning of June 17, 1775, he met the committee of Safety at Gen. Ward's headquarters on Cambridge Common. Hearing the British had landed at Charlestown he mounted his horse and rode over to Bunker Hill He asked for the place of greatest need and danger, and, near the end of the battle when the Americans were retreating and he was trying to rally the militia he was struck by a ball in the head and instantly killed. A monument was erected by his brother masons twenty years after, but the Bunker Hill Monument now stands in its place.
# American Medical Biographies/Woodworth, John Maynard

​Woodworth, John Maynard (1837–1879)
John Maynard Woodworth was born at Big Flats, N. Y., Aug. 15, 1837. Educated at the University of Chicago, he received his M. D. at Chicago Medical College in 1862, studied in hospitals of Berlin and Vienna in 1865, and settled at Chicago in 1866.
He was a founder of the American Public Health Association in 1872; assistant surgeon United States Army, 1862–3; surgeon in 1863; demonstrator of anatomy, Chicago Medical College, 1866, sanitary inspector Chicago Board of Health, 1868; supervising surgeon-general, Marine Hospital Service, 1871–9.
Editor of the Bulletin of Public Health, he was author of "Hospitals and Hospital Construction," Washington, 1874; "Cholera ​epidemic of 1873 in the United States," Washington, 1875; "The Safety of Ships and of Those Who Travel in Them," Cambridge, 1877.
He died at Washington, March 14, 1879.
# American Medical Biographies/Worcester, Noah

​Worcester, Noah (1812–1847)
Noah Worcester, an early dermatologist of Cincinnati and Cleveland, Ohio, was born in Thornton, New Hampshire, July 29, 1812, the son of a teacher of very moderate estate. He was compelled to provide largely for his education by teaching, and in this way struggled through Harvard College after an interrupted course of study of five years, 1827–1832; then settled in Hanover, New Hampshire, studied under R. D. Mussey (q.v.), matriculated in the medical department of Dartmouth College, and graduated there in 1838. He was at once appointed demonstrator of anatomy in his alma mater, and invited by Dr. Mussey to become his assistant. When, in the same year, Dr. Mussey accepted the chair of surgery in the Medical College of Ohio, Worcester was invited to accompany him and be his partner. Soon after his arrival in Cincinnati he received the chair of physical diagnosis in the Medical College of Ohio and in 1841 visited Europe and renewed his studies in London and Paris.
On his return to the United States in 1842 he married Jane Shedd, of Peacham, Vermont, an old sweetheart, well advanced in pulmonary tuberculosis, a disease which terminated her life in the following year. Grief ​at her loss, and the intimate association and anxiety which preceded her death, wore heavily upon the health of her husband, and from this time Dr. Worcester was always an invalid and soon developed signs of undoubted tuberculosis. He was himself a firm believer in the infectiousness of that disease. In spite of waning health and strength, he struggled bravely to fulfil the duties of his profession, and in 1843 even accepted the chair of general pathology, physical diagnosis and diseases of the skin in the newly organized medical college of Cleveland. He was, however, never able to perform the work in spite of the generous and hearty aid afforded by his medical colleagues. For a year or two he lectured on diseases of the skin, but soon even this labor proved too great and he retired to Cincinnati, where he died of tuberculosis April 4, 1847.
We have from his pen "A Synopsis of the Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment of the more Common and Important Diseases of the Skin," Philadelphia, 1845.