OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Greenhill, Joseph

​GREENHILL, JOSEPH (1704–1788), theological writer, was a nephew of Thomas Greenhill [q. v.] His father, William (one of a family of thirty-nine children by the same father and mother), was a counsellor-at-law, who lived first in London and then retired to a family estate at Abbot's Langley, Hertfordshire, where Joseph was born and baptised in February 1703-4. He was educated at Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge, graduated B.A. in 1726, and was admitted M.A. in 1731. He was appointed rector of East Horsley in 1727, and of East Clandon in 1732, both livings in the county of Surrey, and small both as to population and emolument. He lived at East Horsley, and died there in March 1788. He wrote 'An Essay on the Prophecies of the New Testament,' 2nd edition, 1759, and 'A Sermon on the Millennium, or Reign of Saints for a thousand years,' 4th edition. 1772. These two little works he afterwards put together, and republished with the title 'An Essay on the Prophecies of the New Testament, more especially on the Prophecy of the Millennium, the most prosperous State of the Church of Christ here on Earth for a thousand Years,' 7th edition, with additions, Canterbury, 1776. He was probably the last person who thought it his duty to denounce inoculation from the pulpit, which had been rather a common habit with the clergy since its introduction in 1718. He published 'A Sermon on the Presumptuous and Sinful Practice of Inoculation,' Canterbury, 1778.
[Brayley's Hist. of Surrey; Manning and Bray's Hist. of Surrey; Cat. of Cambridge Graduates; family papers.]
W. A. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Greenfield, John

​GREENFIELD, JOHN. [See Groenvelt.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Greenhalgh, John

​GREENHALGH, JOHN (d. 1651), governor of the Isle of Man, only son of Thomas Greenhalgh of Brandlesome Hall in the parish of Bury, Lancashire, by Mary, daughter of Robert Holte of Ashworth Hall in the same parish, was born before 1597. His father dying in 1599 his mother married Sir Richard Assheton of Middleton, Lancashire, by whom Greenhalgh was brought up. He was well educated and travelled abroad. On the death of his grandfather, John Greenhalgh, he succeeded to Brandlesome Hall, was on the commission of the peace for and deputy-lieutenant of the county of Lancaster, and was appointed governor of the Isle of Man by the Earl of Derby in 1640 [see Stanley, James, seventh Earl of Derby]. In 1642 he was discharged as a royalist from the commission of the peace by order of the House of Commons. He fought under the Earl of Derby at the head of three hundred Manxmen at the battle of Wigan Lane in August 1651, greatly distinguished himself at Worcester (3 Sept.), when he saved the colours from capture by tearing them from the standard and wrapping them round his person, was severely wounded in a subsequent affair with Major Edge, when the Earl of Derby was taken prisoner, but made good his escape to the Isle of Man, and there died of his wound, and was buried at Malow, 19 Sept. 1651. His estates were confiscated. Greenhalgh married thrice: first, on 30 Jan. 1608-9, Alice, daughter of the Rev. William Massey, rector of Wilmslow. Cheshire; secondly, Mary, daughter of William Assheton of Clegg Hall, Lancashire; and thirdly, Alice, daughter of George Chadderton of Lees, near Oldham. He had issue three sons and three daughters.
J. M. R.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Montgomery, Robert (1680-1731)

​MONTGOMERY, Sir ROBERT, eleventh Baronet of Skelmorlie (1680–1731), the projector of a scheme for colonisation in America, born at Skelmorlie Castle, Ayrshire, in 1680, was son of Sir James Montgomery or Montgomerie, tenth baronet (d. 1694) [q. v.], by his wife Lady Margaret, second daughter of James Johnstone, second earl of Annandale (Douglas, ed. Wood, i. 74). Robert entered the English army and saw service in the war of the Spanish succession ​(1702-13). Like his father he early interested himself in practical schemes of colonisation, and after the peace he set about a project which the war had deferred. On 19 June 1717 he received from the lords proprietors of Carolina a grant of land between the rivers Allatamaha and Savanna, and published a full prospectus of the method by which he proposed to settle the territory, which he called the Margravate of Azilia. His tract was entitled 'A Discourse concerning the designed Establishment of a New Colony to the South of Carolina,' 1717. On 20 Feb. 1718 the lords proprietors recommended him to the council as life governor of the southern part of Carolina; on attendance before the council he stated that he had raised 30,000l. among his friends, and needed no money from the crown. On 24 July the scheme was approved. But it seems never to have taken practical shape. It is doubtful whether he even went out to Carolina himself. Doubtless the assumption of the government by the crown a little later put an end to the project, for on 15 Sept. 1720 an application was made to the council to restrain action 'upon some advertisement now published by Sir Robert Montgomery,' which suggested that he was sending persons 'to the Golden Islands, one of which islands lies in the mouth of the River Allatamaha, which has been proposed to be secured.' In August 1731 he died in Ireland, and in the following year a new undertaker made the first effort to plant, under the name of Georgia, the territory which had belonged to Montgomery. He married Frances, eldest daughter of Colonel Francis Stirling; she died at Skelmorlie on 9 June 1759, leaving three daughters, one of whom,Lillias, inherited Coilsfield; she married Alexander Montgomerie, by whom she was mother of Hugh, twelfth earl of Eglinton [q. v.], and died at Coilsfield on 18 Nov. 1783. On Sir Robert's death his title devolved on his uncle, Sir Hugh Montgomery, M.P. for Glasgow, and became extinct on Sir Hugh's death, 14 Jan. 1735.
[Douglas's Peerage of Scotland, ed. Wood, i. 508-9; Appleton's Cycl. of American Biog.; reprint of Montgomery's Discourse in Peter Force's Selection of Tracts and Papers on North America, Washington, 1836-46; State Papers in Record Office.]
C. A. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Montgomery, Walter

​MONTGOMERY, WALTER (1827–1871), actor, whose real name was Richard Tomlinson, is said to have been a descendant of an old Norfolk family. He was born 25 Aug. 1827, at Gawennis, Long Island, United States, America, but soon settled in England. While occupied in business in Cheapside with a shawl manufacturer named Warwick he took part in amateur entertainments, appearing at the Soho Theatre, subsequently known as the Royalty, in 'Othello.' Engaged by Chute, the manager of the Bath stage, he played at that house and in Bristol, Birmingham, Norwich, and Yarmouth. In Nottingham, where he became a favourite, he entered on management. His first appearance in London took place at the Princess's, 20 June 1863, as Othello, and inspired little interest. On the 24th he played Romeo to the Juliet of Stella Colas. Under his own management he appeared as Shylock, 22 Aug. In the following March he gave, at the St. James's Hall, readings from Shakespeare, ​Hood, Tennyson, Macaulay, and the 'Ingoldsby Legends.' At Drury Lane he replaced Phelps 6 March 1865 as Leonatus Posthumus to the Imogen of Miss Helen Faucit, and in April, for the benefit of James Anderson, who enacted Mark Antony, he played Cassius in 'Julius Caesar.' In July he undertook a temporary management of the Haymarket, at which house, with Miss Madge Robertson (now Mrs. Kendal) as Ophelia, he appeared on the 29th as Hamlet, obtaining a moderate success. He also played Claude Melnotte in the 'Lady of Lyons,' King John, Shylock, and Iago to the Othello of Ira Aldridge, and was the original Lorenzo in 'Fra Angelo,' a tragedy in blank verse, by Mr. William Clark Russell. A not very successful experiment closed on 9 Nov. In November 1866 Miss Faucit began a twelve nights' engagement at Drury Lane, and Montgomery was Orlando to her Rosalind, and Sir Thomas Clifford in the 'Hunchback' to her Julia. He made soon afterwards some reputation in America and Australia, being well received as Louis XI and Sir Giles Overreach. On 31 July 1871 he began with 'Hamlet' a short and unprosperous season at the Gaiety, in the course of which he played, besides other characters, Sir Giles Overreach, Louis XI, and Meg Merrilies. He married on 30 Aug. Miss Laleah Burpee Bigelow, an American. On 1 Sept., at 2 Stafford Street, Bond Street, he shot himself, while, according to the verdict given at an inquest, of unsound mind. He was buried in Brompton cemetery. His acting was pleasing if not very subtle. His appearance was good and his voice powerful.
[Personal recollection; Scott and Howard's E. L. Blanchard; Times, 4 Sept. 1871; Era, 10 Sept. 1871.]
J. K.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Kyte, Francis

​KYTE, FRANCIS (fl. 1710–1745), mezzotint-engraver and portrait-painter, was author of a few fair mezzotint-engravings, mostly published by Edward Cooper, for whom he probably worked. They include two portraits of Thomas Parker, earl of Macclesfield, after Kneller (one dated 1714), Henrietta, countess of Godolphin, after Kneller, Harriet, duchess of Newcastle, after Kneller, two of John Gay after W. Aikman, Archbishop Sharpe, and a set, engraved with John Faber, junior, of ‘The Worthies of Great Britain.’ In 1725 Kyte was convicted of forging a bank-note, and sentenced to the pillory. Later in life he seems to have devoted himself to portrait-painting. Among his sitters were Edward Cave, printer (1740), engraved by T. Worlidge; William Caslon, type-founder (1740), engraved by J. Faber, jun.; the Rev. George Whitefield, whole length (1743), engraved by J. Faber, jun.; and George Francis Handel (1742), engraved by Lewis (now in the possession of Mr. W. H. Cummings) (see Keith Milnes, Memoir relating to a Portrait of Handel, 1829).
[Chaloner Smith's British Mezzotinto Portraits; Dodd's manuscript Hist. of English Engravers (Brit. Mus. Add. MS. 33402).]
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Kynsige

Cynesige in the ODNB.
​KYNSIGE, KINSIUS, KINSI, or CYNESIGE (d. 1060), archbishop of York, who, it is said, was brought into the world by a Cæsarean operation (Chronicle of Archbishops), was a monk of Peterborough, and became one of the chaplains or clerks of Edward the Confessor. He was consecrated archbishop of York in 1051, and in 1055 went to Rome to fetch his pall, which he received from Pope Victor. He gave gifts to Peterborough, which Queen Eadgyth [see Edith] afterwards took away, one of them being a copy of the gospels splendidly enriched with gold and jewels. At Beverley he built a tower to the minster, hung two bells in it, and enriched the church with books and ornaments. He also gave bells to Southwell and Stow. While his household lived at great expense he is said to have practised abstinence, and when travelling from place to place to preach, as his custom was during Lent, to have gone on foot. In 1059 he and Egelwine, bishop of Durham, and Earl Tostig joined in conducting Malcolm, king of Scots, to King Edward. On 5 May 1060 he dedicated Earl Harold's (1022?–1066) [q. v.] new church at Waltham, Stigand, archbishop of Canterbury, being held to be a schismatic. On 22 Dec. following he died at York, and was buried, in accordance with his wish, at Peterborough, on the north side of the choir near the high altar, where his tomb and his bones were discovered in the seventeenth century.
[Raine's Fasti Ebor. p. 137; A.-S. Chron. ann. 1053, 1055, 1060 (Rolls Ser.); Symeon of Durham, Hist. Regum, an. 1059, ap. Symeonis Opp. i. 174 (Rolls Ser.); Chron. of Archbishops of York, ap. Historians of York, ii. 343; Hugo Candidus, p. 45 (Sparke); De Inventione Crucis, c. 16 (Stubbs).]
W. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Kyngesbury, Thomas

​KYNGESBURY or KYNBURY, THOMAS (fl. 1390), Franciscan and D.D. of Oxford, was twenty-sixth provincial minister of the English Minorites from 1380 to 1390, or longer. At the beginning of the great schism he induced the English Franciscans to take an oath of adherence to Urban VI. He was in favour at court; Richard II urged Boniface IX to provide him to the next vacant bishopric (c. 1390). Perhaps Thomas died soon afterwards. He was buried at Nottingham. Though no writings of his remain, he clearly encouraged the study of science in his order.
[Mon. Franciscana, i.; English Hist. Rev. vi. 747; Bodl. MSS. 692, fol. 33; Digby, 90, fol. 6 b; Cotton Faust. A. ii. f. 1, Vesp. E. vii. f. 4.]
A. G. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Kynnesman, Arthur

​KYNNESMAN, ARTHUR (1682–1770), schoolmaster, son of Harold Kynnesman, was born in London on Christmas day 1682. He was educated at Christ's Hospital, and admitted to Trinity College, Cambridge, 30 June 1702, whence he graduated B.A. 1705, and M.A. 1709. For some time he was an usher at Westminster School, but in 1715 resigned this appointment on becoming master of the grammar school at Bury St. Edmunds. Here he worked for thirty years, and secured for the school a high reputation. Richard Cumberland (1732–1811) [q. v.] was a pupil, and has left some account of Kynnesman. On one occasion, speaking to Bentley (Cumberland's grandfather), he said that he would make Cumberland as good a scholar as his grandfather, to which Bentley replied, ‘Pshaw! Arthur, how can that be, when I have forgot more than thou ever knewst?’ Kynnesman became rector of Barnham, in 1751 he was reader of St. James's, Bury, for a few months, and in 1766 he obtained the living of Eriswell; all three places are in Suffolk. He resigned the mastership of the grammar school in 1765, and died 10 July 1770 at Bury. He married a Miss Maddocks of Troston, Suffolk; she died in 1766, and both were buried at Barnham.
A portrait of Kynnesman and his wife was ​at Troston Hall in the possession of Capell Lofft the elder [q. v.] A portrait of Kynnesman by Webster is at the Bury grammar school. It was engraved in mezzotint, at the cost of fourteen old pupils, by James Watson. Kynnesman wrote ‘A Short Introduction to Grammar,’ Ipswich, 1768; 2nd edition 1775.
[Davy's Suffolk Collections, xc. (Brit. Mus. Add. MS. 19166); Cumberland's Memoirs, ed. Flanders, pp. 25, 26, 31, 33, 38, 43; Nichols's Lit. Anecd. viii. 433, ix. 534; Nichols's Lit. Illustr. iii. 290, 291, 848, iv. 319, 376.]
W. A. J. A.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Kynton, John

​KYNTON, JOHN (d. 1536), divinity professor at Oxford, was a Franciscan friar, though his connection with the Oxford convent seems to have been slight. He received the chancellor's license to incept as D.D. in 1500. He appears as vice-chancellor and senior theologus in 1503, 1504, 1506, 1507, 1510, 1512, and 1513. He preached the university sermon on Easter Sunday 1515. He was among the four doctors of divinity appointed by the university in 1521 to consult with Wolsey about the Lutheran doctrines, and he assisted in a further examination of the reformer's works undertaken by the theologians of Oxford at the king's command; he is said to have written on this occasion a treatise ‘Contra Doctrinam Mart. Lutheri.’ He was divinity reader to Magdalen College, and third Margaret professor of theology; he resigned the latter post in 1530; the date of his election is unknown. In 1530 he was one of the leading members of the committee of Oxford theologians to whom the question of the validity of the king's marriage was referred. Kynton died on 20 Jan. 1535–6, and was buried in the chapel of Durham College, now Trinity College, Oxford.
[Oxf. Univ. Archives, Acta Cur. Cancell. [revD], [revF], EEE.; Pocock's Records of the Reformation, vol. i.; Wood's Athenæ, i. 94; Fasti, i. 6, &c.; Lyte's Oxford.]
A. G. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Grey, Thomas Philip de

​GREY, THOMAS PHILIP de, Earl de Grey (1781–1859), elder son of Thomas Robinson, second baron Grantham, who died in 1786, by Mary Jemima, second daughter of Philip York, second earl of Hardwicke, and was therefore a descendant of Henry Grey, ninth earl of Kent (1594-1651) [q. v.] He was born at the official residence of the first lord of the board of trade, Whitehall, London, on 8 Dec. 1781, and educated at St. John's College, Cambridge, where he graduated M.A. in 1801. On 20 July 1786 he succeeded his father as third baron Grantham of Grantham, and on the decease of his second cousin, Sir Norton Robinson, bart., in 1792 he became the sixth baronet. By royal license he assumed the surname and arms of Weddell in lieu of his patronymic on 7 May 1803. On 6 Dec. 1803 he was gazetted major of the North Yorkshire regiment of yeomanry, on 22 Jan. 1819 became colonel of the Yorkshire hussar regiment of yeomanry, on 24 March 1831 was appointed yeomanry aide-de-camp to William IV, and held a similar post in 1837 under Queen Victoria. He was nominated lord-lieutenant of Bedfordshire on 13 Feb. 1818. On the death of his maternal aunt, Amabel Hume Campbell, countess de Grey of Wrest, Bedfordshire, on 4 May 1833, he became second Earl de Grey and Baron Lucas of Crudwell, Wiltshire, and on 24 June 1833 assumed the surname of De Grey in lieu of Weddell. In Sir Robert Peel's first administration he held office as first lord of the admiralty from 22 Dec. 1834 to 25 April 1835, and on 29 Dec. of the former year was sworn of the privy council. As lord-lieutenant of Ireland he served from 3 Sept. 1841 to 26 July 1844, and during that period was grand master of the order of St. Patrick. On his return from Ireland he was on 12 Dec. created a knight of the Garter. He discharged the functions of his viceregal position impartially and with credit, and his retirement was much regretted by the people of Dublin. His hospitality was very generously exercised, and the countess gave much encouragement to native manufactures.
De Grey was the first president of the Institution of British Architects from its foundation in 1834, frequently presided at the meetings of that society, and remained president till his death (Papers of Royal Institution of British Architects, 1860, pp. v-viii). He was also a fellow of the Royal Society, 29 April 1841, a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries, and served as one of the New Palace commissioners from 1848. His death took place at 4 St. James's Square, London, on 14 Nov. 1859. He married, on 20 July 1805, Henrietta Frances Cole, fifth daughter of William Willoughby, first earl of Enniskillen, by whom he left two daughters. The Countess De Grey was born on 22 June 1784, and died at 4 St. James's Square, on 2 July 1848 (Burke, Portrait Gallery of Distinguished Females, 1833, ii. 133-5, with portrait).
Earl de Grey was the author of two works: 'Memoir of the Life of Sir C. Lucas,' London, 1845, and 'Characteristics of the Duke of Wellington apart from his Military Talents,' London, 1853.
G. C. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Grey, Roger

​GREY, ROGER, first Lord Grey of Ruthin (d. 1353), was the younger son of John de Grey (1268-1323) [q. v.], second lord Grey of Wilton, but the eldest by his second wife (Dugdale, Baronage, i. 716). Courthope (Historic Peerage, p. 226) by mistake describes him as younger son of John, third lord Grey of Codnor (1305-1392) [q. v.]
On his father's death Grey, besides inheriting other estates, came into possession of the castle of Ruthin and the cantreds of Duffryn Clwyd and Englefield. He had already served in the Scottish expedition of 1318, and had sat in the parliament of York in 1322, when his father's death in 1323 led to his summons to the parliament of 30 Dec. 1324 as 'Roger de Grey.' In 1327 he accompanied Edmund, earl of Kent, on the Scottish campaign of that year. In 1331 the custody of the castle of Abergavenny was bestowed upon him, as his wife's nephew, Laurence Hastings, was under age. In 1339 he was one of the guarantors of Edward III's treaty that his son Edward should marry Margaret of Brabant (Fœdera, ii. 1083). In 1341 he served in Scotland. In 1343 he was ordered to provide twenty men-at-arms and twenty archers for the king's service in France. In 1345 he was ordered to cross the sea with the king. In 1352 he acted as a commissioner of array for Bedfordshire and Buckinghamshire, where his estates largely lay.
Grey died on 6 March 1353, his last summons to parliament being on 15 Nov. 1351. He married Elizabeth, daughter of John, lord Hastings, lord of Abergavenny, and of his wife Isabel, daughter and coheiress of William de Valence, earl of Pembroke, by virtue of which his grandson, Reginald de Grey (d. 1440) [q. v.], became heir of the Hastings estates. Their eldest son, John, who in 1335 married Anne, daughter of William Montague, afterwards Earl of Salisbury, had died before him, so that his next heir was his only surviving son, Reginald, the second baron, who was the father of Reginald, the third baron [q. v.] He also had three daughters.
[Dugdale's Baronage, i. 716; Nicolas's Historic Peerage, ed. Courthope, p. 226; Collins's Peerage, ii. 510-12, ed. 1779; Parl. Writs, vol. ii. div. iii. p. 955; Rymer's Fœdera, vols. ii. and iii., Record ed.]
T. F. T.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Keate, Robert

​KEATE, ROBERT (1777–1857), surgeon, fourth son of William Keate, D.D., rector of Laverton, Somerset, and nephew of Thomas Keate [q. v.], was born at Laverton on 14 March 1777. John Keate [q. v.], headmaster of Eton, was an elder brother. Keate was educated at Bath grammar school till 1792, when he was apprenticed to his uncle, then surgeon-general to the army. He entered St. George's Hospital in April 1793, and was made ‘hospital mate’ at Chelsea Hospital in 1794. In May 1798 he became a member of the Surgeons' Corporation, and was appointed staff-surgeon in the army. He was early introduced to practice among the royal family, and later became sergeant-surgeon extraordinary to William IV, and in 1841 sergeant-surgeon to Queen Victoria. In later life he said: ‘I have attended four sovereigns, and have been badly paid for my services. One of them, now deceased, owed me nine thousand guineas.’ William IV always paid him and showed great confidence in him, but his frequent journeys to Windsor injured his practice. In 1800 Keate was appointed assistant-surgeon to his uncle at St. George's, and thenceforward did nearly all his work. He retired from the army in 1810 with the rank of inspector-general of hospitals. In 1813 he succeeded his uncle as full surgeon at St. George's, and held the post till 1853, outstaying his powers. He was a member of the council of the College of Surgeons for many years, examiner from 1827 to 1855, and president in 1830, 1831, and 1839. He died on 2 Oct. 1857 in Hertford Street, Mayfair, London, aged 80. He married the youngest daughter of H. Ramus, an Indian civil servant, by whom he left two sons and four daughters. One son, Robert William Keate (1814–1873), educated at Eton and Christ Church, Oxford, was civil commissioner of the Seychelles in 1849, lieutenant-governor of Grenada (1853–6), governor of Trinidad (1857–60), and afterwards of Natal (1867–72), and of the Gold Coast (1872–3) (Times, 23 April 1873).
Keate, although a first-rate operator, endeavoured to avoid operations. He wrote nothing except some papers in the ‘Medico-Chirurgical Transactions,’ vols. x. and xxxii. Sir Benjamin Brodie speaks highly of his personal character, but he grew irritable in later life. There is a portrait of him at St. George's Hospital.
G. T. B.