OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Who's Who in the Far East/LI CHING-MAI

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​ LI CHING-MAI (PEKING), Chinese Minister to Austria; native of Anhwei; s. of Li Hung-Chang. Second class Secretary, Board of Works; Expectant Metropolitan Official of 3rd or 4th grade, Dec., 1901; Minister to Vienna, Jan., 1906. Address: Chinese Legation, Vienna, Austria; and Peking, China.
# Who's Who in the Far East/LI FU-TSAO

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​ LI FU-TSAO (PEKING), Junior Vice president, Board of Ceremonies; native of Hupeh; metropolitan graduate, 1871. Sub-Reader, Hanlin Academy; Deputy Supervisor of Instruction, Dec., 1892; Expositor, Hanlin, April, 1893; degraded to Expectant Deputy Supervisor of Instruction, May, 1894; Expositor, Hanlin, April,1896; Reader, Hanlin, Sept., 1896; assistant Supervisor of Instruction, Jan., 1897; Chief Supei visor of Instruction; Sub-Chancellor, Grand Secretariat Oct., 1898; junior Vice-President, Board of Ceremonies, spring, 1901.
# Who's Who in the Far East/LI SUM LING

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​ LI SUM LING (HONGKONG), Journalist; b. 1881. Educ.: Saint Paul's College. Joined the Chinese Engineering and Mining Company, Hongkong, 1900-4; representative of National Press Association, U.S.A.; native note-writer " China Mail "; Editor, "Chinese Mail," (Wah Tsze Yat Po) Hongkong, 1906. Address: c/o " Chinese Mail" Hongkong.
# Who's Who in the Far East/LI CHING-FANG

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​ LI CHING-FANG (WU-NING), Head of Wu-ning Railway; native of Anhwei; provincial graduate. Expectant Taotai, Kiangsi; Secretary of Legation in London; Minister to Japan, Sept., 1S93; sou by adoption of late Viceroy Li Hung Chang; head of Wu-ning Railway, 1905.
# Who's Who in the Far East/LLOYD, J. J.

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​ LLOYD, J. J. (SINGAPORE), Auctioneer and Valuer; b. July 23, 1850; m. April 10, 1877. Educ.: St. Michael's, Chatham, Kent. Has been 35 years in Far East; now head of firm' Powell and Co. Club: Singapore. Address: 17 Raffles Place, Singapore, Straits Settlements.
# Weird Tales/Volume 8/Issue 5/The Caves of Kooli-Kan

The Caves of Kooli-Kan
By Robert S. Carr
Where a grim and ghastly river wrapped in brooding menace flows Through a barren blackened mountain that was never known to man, In an awful land of silence where the sun all blood-red shows, Lie those shrieking pits of horror called the Caves of Kooli-Kan.
Down the grim and ghastly river, clothed in lurid lights, come boats Full of great black hairy Somethings with a hundred staring eyes, Who converse on grisly subjects in their low and froglike notes, Bathed in bloody beams of sunlight which come dripping from the skies.
Where the boats stop at a landing built of countless polished bones, There the huge and hairy Somethings, full of mutterings, climb out, To descend a gloomy stairway from whence issue tortured groans, Mixed with peals of ghoulish laughter from that awful realm of doubt.
Some foul, sweaty, slimy substance from the walls exudes in beads, For the barren, blackened mountain has, for ages steeped in sin, Acted as the bridal chamber of the blackest, foulest deeds, As the cradle of the creature called the Never-Should-Have-Been.
Huge, uncouth, misshapen Things whose screams of pain the senses numb. Mighty, voiceless grim Unknowns with wings like bats the darkness fan; All the wild-eyed stark mad terror for a million years to come Haunts those shrieking pits of horror called the Caves of Kooli-Kan.
# Weird Tales/Volume 8/Issue 6/Yule-Horror

From Weird Tales, Volume 8, Issue 6.
Yule-Horror
By H. P. LOVECRAFT
There is snow on the ground, And the valleys are cold, And a midnight profound Blackly squats o’er the wold; But a light on the hilltops half-seen hints of feastings unhallowed and old.
There is death in the clouds, There is fear in the night, For the dead in their shrouds Hail the sun’s turning flight, And chant wild in the woods as they dance round a Yule-altar fungous and white.
To no gale of Earth’s land Sways the forest of oak, Where the sick boughs entwined By mad mistletoes choke, For these pow'rs are the pow'rs of the dark, from the graves of the lost Druid-folk.
# Who's Who in China (3rd edition)/Chang Hung-lieh

Mr. H. L. Chang
張洪烈字幼山
(Chang Hung-lien)
Mr. Chang Hung-lieh was born at Ku Shih Hsien, Honan, in 1887. He began study at the age of seven under a private tutor and continued till he was grown when he took the old style examination. In 1906 he went to a private middle school in Kaifeng, later entering the Provincial College at the same place, where he finished the course four years later. In 1921 Mr. Chang joined the Revolutionary Army which helped to make China a republic. He was elected a member of the Honan Assembly in 1912. He resigned to take the competitive examination for study in America. He was successful and went to America the following year. For two years ​he studied at Baldwin-Wallace College, Berea, Ohio, where he received his B. S. degree. He then studied at Oberlin. Next he went to the University of Illinois where he received his B. A. degree in 1917 and his M. A. in 1918. In 1919 he returned to China to help build up an educational system. Mr. G. H. Lee having resigned the presidency of the Government Preparatory School at Kaifeng to accept other work, Mr. Chang was in August 1919, elected to the office. In 1923 he was able to get the Honan Assembly to change the nature of the school into a university for the entire province. Chung Chow University is now its new name and Mr. Chang its President. Largely through his influence the school has been put on a permanent basis of provincial taxation, a strong faculty has been selected of both Chinese and foreigners, and several modern buildings are now going up on a campus suited and plotted for the future expansion sure to come. In 1924 Mr. Chang wrote an important article on Chinese-Japanese Relations which was published widely in America.
# Who's Who in China (3rd edition)/Chang Hsueh-liang

General Chang Hsueh-liang
張學良字漢卿
General Chang Hsueh-liang was born at Hai-chen, Fengtien province, in 1898. He was given military training when he was a mere youth. He was among the first group of the graduates of the Military Training Academy of the Three Eastern Provinces. In July 1919, General Chang was appointed Commander of the Body Guards of the Tuchun of Fengtien, who was no other person than Marshal Chang Tso-lin, his father. In the same month he was made by the Peking government a colonel of National Artillery. In November 1919 he was awarded the Third Class Wenfu Decoration. In December 1919 he was promoted to become Commander, of the Second Battalion of the Body Guards Brigade. In May 1920, General Chang was appointed by President Hsu Shih-chang as his aide-de-camp. In June 1920 he was appointed Commander of the aforementioned Body-Guards Brigade which was the Third Mixed Brigade of Fengtien. Upon the ​outbreak of the war between Chihli and Anhui factions, General Chang was ordered by his father to march his brigade into Shanhaikwan to side with the Chihli forces. At Hsiao Chan, the place where the Pei Yang troops have been trained since Yuan Shih-kai's time, General Chang's men defeated the Anhui troops commanded by General Lung Chi-Kuang. As the result of this defeat, several regiments of the noted Frontier Army surrendered to General Chang who took them to Mukden upon his return. In the autumn of 1920, the province of Kirin was much disturbed by banditry and General Chang was sent with his troops to suppress it which he did in a short time. In October 1920 he was awarded by the Central government the Fifth Order of Merit. A month later he was made a Brigadier General. In March 1921 General Chang was awarded the Second Order of Wenfu. In October 1921, he was sent by his father to Japan to witness the autumn manoeuver. Upon his return, he introduced improvements in the Fengtien Army. While in Japan, he contributed funds for the support of the Chinese students studying in that country. When the Chili-Fengtien war broke out in the spring of 1922, General Chang was commander of the Second Section of the East Wing. At Shaihaikwan, the Fengtien forces made an offensive attack upon the advancing Chihli forces. General Chang participating as commander of the front line defence. After the war. he was made commander of the Second Brigade of the Manchurian Army, and concurrently held the position of Chief-of-Stiff of the Manchurian Army Reorganization bureau, as well as being superintendent of the Military Training Academy and commandeer of provosts. These posts he still holds. In the war between Chihli and the Anfu-Fengtien party which broke out in September 1924, Mr. Chang as leader of the Fengtien First Army rendered exceptional service in the fighting in the vicinity of the Great Wall. Early in 1925 General Chang Hsuch-liang was sent by his father and the Provisional President Tuan Chi-jui to Shanghai, as a special delegate for purpose of assisting in the final reorganization and political affairs in lower Yangtze valley.
# Who's Who in China (3rd edition)/Chang Huai-chih

General Chang Huai-chih
張懷芝字子志
General Chang Huai-chih was born at Tung-a Hsien, Shantung province, in 1860. He began his military career as Adjutant Aide-de-Camp to the late Yuan Shih-kai. In 1905 General Chang became Commander of the Defence Forces at Shanhaikuan. In 1908 he was sent to Japan to witness the Grand Manoeuver, Upon his return to China he joined the Peiyang First Division. After several promotions, he became Commander of the Shantung Fifth Division stationed at Tinafu. Shortly before the establishment of the Republic, his division was transferred to Tientsin. After the First Revolution, General Chang was appointed Defence Commision of Tientsin. Later he was transferred to be Defence Commissioner of Paotingfu, from which position he resigned in the middle of 1914. In September 1915 General Chang was appointed Tutung of Charhar Special ​Area. In May 1916 he was appointed Military Director of Shantung and two months later he became Tuchun of Shantung, and was also given the concurrent position of the Civil Governor of that province. In May 1917 General Chang received the Second Order of Merit. In June 1917 General Chang joined with Generals Ni of Anhui, Chang Tso-lin of Fengtien, Tsao Kun of Chihli, and others in defending the position of Marshal Tuan Chi-jui against President Li Yuan-hung. This political issue finally resulted in the attempt by Chang Hsun to restore the old monarchy. When Marshal Tuan declared war against Chang Hsun, General Chang stood with the former and rendered valuable service by cutting off at Tsinan Chang Hsun's reinforcement from Anhui. In January 1919 General Chang was appointed Chief of General Staff which position he is still holding. In January 1920 he received the First Order of Merit. In October 1920 he was awarded the First Order of Tashou Paokuang. In January 1922 General Chang was made a full general. In October 1923 General Chang was made a Marshal with the Title "Fong Wei."
# Who's Who in China (3rd edition)/Chang Kuo-kan

Mr. Chang Kuo-kan
張國淦字乾若
Mr. Chang Kuo-kan was born at P'u-ch'i Hsien, Hupei Province, in 1873. Ho received a thorough education in Chinese, in 1903 he became a Chu jen or Provincial Graduate, through competitive examinations. He was a pupil of former President Hsu Shih-chang. In the Ching time, Mr. Chang was an Expectant Taotai in Heilungkiang. Later he became a member of the Bureau for the Compilation of Constitutional Laws. From June 1911 to January 1912 Mr. Chang was assistant chief of the Statistics Bureau of the State Council or Cabinet. From May to October 1912, he was Chief of the Civil Service Bureau of the Cabinet. From October 1912 to October 1913 he was Chief Secretary of the Cabinet. On May 15, 1914 he was appointed Vice-Minister of the Interior, but on the 14th he resigned on account of mourning. In November 1914 Mr. Chang was ​appointed T'san Cheng or Councillor of the T'sau Cheng Yuan (Yuan Shih-kai's State Advisory Council in place of the dissolved Parliament). He served in the Council until April 23, 1916 when he was appointed Minister of Education. On June 30, 1916 he was transferred to be Minister of Agriculture and Commerce and concurrently was Acting Minister of Justice. From these ministerships Mr. Chang was removed on July 31, 1916 when he was appointed Civil Governor of Heilungkiang. However, he did not assume the new office and was officially relieved from the governor-ship on August 11. In November 1916 he became Chief Secretary of the Cabinet again. In July 1917, Mr. Chang was appointed Minister of Agriculture and Commerce and concurrently Director-General of the National Conservancy Bureau. The latter position he soon resigned and the former position he held until November 1917., In January 1920 Mr. Chang was conferred the Fourth Order of Merit. In February 1920 he was appointed Director-General of Hankow Port Construction Board. In October 1920, he was appointed Chief Justice of the Administrative Court in Peking. From June to August 1922 Mr. Chang was Minister of Agriculture and Commerce and also acted for Tan Yen kai as Minister of the Interior. In November 1922 he was conferred the First Order of Wenfu. In January 1924 Mr. Chang was appointed Minister of Education in Sun Pao-chi's Cabinet.
# Who's Who in China (3rd edition)/Chang Lu-ch'uan

Mr. Chang Lu-Ch'uan
張魯泉字魯泉
Mr. Chang Lu-ch'uan was born at Huant'ai Hsien, Shantung Province, in 1880. He graduated from a High School in Shantung and the Agricultural School at Paoting. After graduation he joined an enterprise for the colonization and cultivation of Fengtien Province. Subsequently he interested himself in an investigation into the agricultural conditions of several districts in North China. He also made a trip to Japan to investigate the agricultural condition of that country. During the First Revolution which resulted in the establishment of the Republic in 1912, Mr. Chang led an army and captured Kaomi and Chucheng, Shantung, which declared independence of the provincial authorities. After the abdication of the Manchus, he went to Tsinan, capital of Shantung, and rendered ​assistance in the organization of the Provisional Provincial Assembly of which he was subsequently elected a member. In April 1913 the First Parliament was inaugurated in Peking and Mr. Chang attended as a Senator from Shantung Province. He was a member of the Kuomingtang (People's Party) and was later elected chairman of the Industrial Committee of the Senate. In that capacity he rendered valuable service in the adoption of phonetic simplification of the language and promotion of industrial education. Having prescribed the Kuomingtang as a seditious organization, the President Yuan Shih-kai unseated all members of the two Houses belonging to that Party in November 1913. Mr. Chang immediately retired to his native village and remained silent until October 1915 when Yuan Shih-kai launched his monarchical movement. Mr. Chang took an important part in the rebellion of the Republican troops at Choutsun and Weihsien, Shantung, against Yuan Shih-kai in May 1916. This movement had a strong effect on the decision subsequently taken by Yuan to revoke his scheme. During these trying times, Mr. Chang acted as the representative of the Shantung troops at the headquarters of the Republican Army in Shanghai. In August 1916 when Parliament was reconvened by the new President Li Yuan-hung, Mr. Chang again became a Senator. In June 1917 the Parliament was for the second time dissolved, and Mr. Chang had to return home again, having declined offers of high positions by the militarists then ruling Peking. In October 1918 when Hsu Shih-chang became President of China. Mr. Chang's attitude finally led to his being suspected of sympathy with the Southern Constitutionists. He finally accepted an invitation of the Constitutional Parliament and went to Canton. Upon his arrival at Canton, he was appointed Councillor of the Military government. At the same time he was invited by the parliamentarians to become Chief Secretary of the Two Houses. In June 1922 Mr. Chang returned to Peking with the old Parliament. Mr. Chang was awarded the Second Class Tashou Chiaho Decoration in October 1922.
# Who's Who in China (3rd edition)/Chang Li-ao

Dr. L. N. Chang
張履鼇字履鼇
(Chang Li-ao)
Dr. L. N. Chang, was born in Nanking in 1887. He received his education at St. John's University, Shanghai. While in school Dr. Chang was for some time editor of the St. John's Echo and the World's Chinese Students' Journal. In 1907 Dr. Chang went to America to pursue higher education on private support. He studied economics and philosophy at the University of Virginia, 1907-8. Later he studied law at Yale University, 1909-11, and obtained the degrees of Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Laws in 1911. In 1910-11 he was editor of the Chinese Student's Monthly. Upon his return to China in 1911, he was awarded the degree of Chih ​Shih by the government. He was co-director of the International Institute at Shanghai, 1911-12. In 1912 Dr. Chang went to Hankow to become coeditor of the Hankow Daily News, English editor. Later he entered upon on official career. He was for a time acting director of the Hupei Bureau of Foreign Affairs and at another time Acting High Procurator of the Hupei Procuratorate. While holding these positions he was also Legal Advisor to General Li Yuan-hung. For many years Dr. Chang has been practising law at Wuchang and Hankow. He has been legal advisor to the Hankow Special Administration District, ex-German Concession and also Councillor to General Wu Pei-fu. During the World War Dr. Chang was advisor to the Bureau for Sequestration of Enemy, later special Properties in Hupei. Dr. Chang was President of the Wuchang-Hankow Y.M.C.A, in 1916 and again in 1918. In the latter year he was also chairman of the Hankow Chinese Volunteer Company. Dr. Chang's present address is 35 Rue de Paris, Hankow.
# Who's Who in China (3rd edition)/Chang Pai-ling

Dr. Chang Po-ling.
張伯苓字伯苓
(Chang Pai-ling)
Dr. Chang Po-ling was born at Tientsin in April 1874. He studied Chinese first under his father, a Chinese scholar, and then under private tutors. With this preparatory work at home, he went to the Peiyang Naval College, Tientsin, in 1888. After a stay of five years in that institution, he graduated; Subsequently he joined the navy and served on a training ship for two years. After leaving the navy he taught at the home of Yen Hsiu, a famous Hanlin in the Ching Dynasty. His pupils included Mr. Yen's sons, nephews and relatives. Scane of them are now holding positions of importance anil influence. At the same time Dr. Chang taught at the home of Wang Kuei-chang, a well-known salt merchant. These two private schools which Dr. Chang conducted, having twenty students, were used as the foundation for the present Nankai College. In 1903, Dr. Chang went to Japan together with Yen Hsiu to study ​the Japanese educational system. Upon his return he started a high school in Mr. Yen's house by the combination of these two private schools. The high school began its carreer with seventy-three students. It had a normal class of six students who studied and taught at the same time. Those who assisted Dr. Chang in the establishment of the school during that period were Mr. Yen and the late president Yuan Shih-kai, who was then Viceroy of Chihli. In 1908, Dr. Chang made a trip to America and Europe to study their educational system. Ho was away from China for seven months. Before his departure for foreign countries, he made a decision to become a Christian, and was baptised at Tientsin after his return. In August 1917, Dr. Chang went to America and spent a year and a half at Columbia Teachers' College where he specialized in education. Mr. Yen and Fan Yuen-lien, former Minister of Education joined him in America the following year. They returned together to China at the end of 1918. In the winter of 1918, Dr. Chang had the Nankai High School converted into a college, which now has eighty students in the collegiate department and one thousand one hundred eighty students in the middle school. He has been responsible for the present growth of the college. General Li Shun, the late Military Governor of Kiangsu, shortly before his deaths gave a half million dollars to the new college. In the summer of 1919, St. John's University of Shanghai conferred upon Dr. Chang the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
# Who's Who in China (3rd edition)/Chang I-lin

Mr. Chang I-lin
張一麐字仲仁
Mr. Chang I-lin was born at Soochow, Kiangsu Province, in 1865. When he was thirteen years old, he passed the Prefectural Examination and obtained the rank of "Salaried Licentiate." At the age of twenty he passed the Provincial Examination and became a Chu Jen or "Provincial Graduate."
Mr. Chang served, from that time on, for a number of years as private tutor to scholars from all over the country. He can count many prominent men as his former pupils.
In 1899, the 25th Year of Emperor Kuang Hsu, the Imperial government held a special examination for high talented men. Mr. Chang was recommended by the Kiangsu authorities to attend it. He passed the ​examination with his name on the "Excellent Class" and was made an Expectant Magistrate.
Mr. Chang's literary talent attracted the attention of Yuan Shih-kai who invited him to be his secretary when he became Viceroy of Chihli in 1902. By that time Mr. Chang was editor of the Peiyang Law Journal. Later he was promoted to be Viceroy Yuan's Chief Secretary. In that capacity he helped the reorganization of the Chihli educational system along modern lines.
In 1907 Mr. Chang followed Yuan to Peking when the latter was appointed president of the Board of Foreign Affairs and a Chun Chi Ta Ch'en (Lord of the Privy Council). Mr. Chang still served as Yuan's Secretary. In January 1909 Yuan Shih-kai was dismissed. During Yuan Shih-kai's exile from that time to December 1911, Mr. Chang served as secretary first to Governor of Chekiang and then to Governor of Kiangsu.
When Yuan Shih-kai became President in 1912, Mr, Chang was appointed Chief of the Secretariat of the President's Office. In May 1914 Mr. Chang was appointed to hold concurrently the position of Chief of the Bureau of High Confidence in the Cabinet Office.
In October 1915 Mr. Chang left the President Office as an expression of his disapproval when Yuan Shih-kai aspired to be emperor, and would not listen to his advice. However he was at the same time appointed Minister of Education. In April 1916 he resigned from that post and retired to private life.
In November 1916, Feng Kuo-chang, who was then elected Vice-President invited Mr. Chang to be his Chief Secretary which office he accepted. When Feng became Acting President in August 1917, Mr. Chang became Chief Secretary of the President's Office again. He served in this position until August 1918 when Hsu Shih-chang was elected President by the "The Tuchun's Parliament."
From that time on until May 1922 Mr. Chang was Advisor to President Hsu Shih-chang. In August 1921 Mr. Chang was elected member of the Kiangsu Provincial Assembly. In November 1922 he was conferred the First Order of Tashou Paokuang Chiaho.