# The Zoologist/4th series, vol 4 (1900)

THE ZOOLOGIST:
A MONTHLY JOURNAL
OF
NATURAL HISTORY.
FOURTH SERIES.—VOL. IV.
EDITED BY
W.L. DISTANT
LONDON:
WEST, NEWMAN, & CO., 54, HATTON GARDEN. SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, & CO., Ltd.
1900.
PREFACE.
With the December issue 'The Zoologist' has reached the end of the nineteenth century, and has completed its fifty-eighth volume. It is interesting to glance at the status of Zoology when this Journal was founded by Edward Newman in 1843, and its progress since.
The Zoological Society had been founded in 1826, and was thus in only the seventeenth year of its existence; the Entomological Society was but ten years old. The Ray Society was not started till the following year (1844), and is therefore one year younger than 'The Zoologist.' In the year that 'The Zoologist' first appeared there was published the concluding volume on the Zoology of the Voyage of H.M.S. 'Beagle,' the vessel in which Darwin made his celebrated voyage. Lyell was steadily preparing his 'Travels in North America,' which was published in the early part of 1845. May, 1843, is the published date of the eighteenth and last part of Agassiz' monumental work, 'Recherches sur les Poissons fossiles.' In the same year the Rev. W. Kirby was still alive, and a sixth edition (vols. i. and ii.) of his immortal 'Introduction,' with the addition of one hundred MS. pages of new matter, was published. Frank Buckland was at Winchester College with heart set on becoming a surgeon. Huxley was a student winning prizes. Eight months of this year were occupied by Audubon in his Missouri River journey in the interest of the 'Quadrupeds of North America.' The British Museum was under the influence of Panizzi, who this year inaugurated his extensive reforms in the Printed Library. In the epochs of this institution we can pass, according to our purview, from the acquisition of the Mantell Fossils in 1839 to that of the Croizet Fossil-Mammals in 1848. Bloomsbury was then the home of literature. In 1843 Catesby also completed his 'Natural History of Carolina, Florida, and the Bahama Islands,' a pioneer work, now seldom consulted amidst the ever increasing literature of North American biology. The voyages of the 'Erebus' and 'Terror,' rich in zoological results, terminated this year; John Gould was publishing his magnificent ornithological publications, and in 1843 Lovell Reeve commenced to issue his 'Conchologia Iconica.' In this year was also finished the Second Series of Jardine ​and Selby's 'Illustrations of Ornithology,' while Macgillivray and Yarrell were publishing their works, which will be remembered and consulted as long as naturalists feel an interest in British Birds.
How much has transpired since then, which now almost reads as ancient history! In 1847 Hooker started for India on his memorable journey, which ultimately produced the well-read 'Himalayan Journals.' In 1848 Bates left England for Para, and the narrative of 'The Naturalist on the Amazons' may be said to have commenced. 1854 found Wallace at Singapore, and from that day the biological story of 'The Malay Archipelago' has been told, followed, and imitated. In 1843 South Africa was little known, and its Mammalia to be found in vast herds by those who could penetrate the country. To-day the country is open, but the Mammalia a vanishing quantity. Délegorgue completed his journey—known to all naturalists—in 1844; the conclusion of the zoological results of Sir Andrew Smith's expedition appeared in 1849; Gordon Cumming did not tell his wonderful tale of the wild life of the veld till 1850, before Mauch and Holub inaugurated the new era. Central Africa was marked "desert," at least on school maps; to-day we tabulate its fauna, and read Emin Pasha. And, last of all, with national pride, we may refer to the Voyage of the 'Challenger,' and the volumes devoted to its zoological results.
But, greater than all, is the difference in our philosophical conception of the teachings of Biology. In 1859 Darwin published his 'Origin of Species,' and from that date modern biology will recognise the commencement of a new period. As in San Francisco, it is said, everything dates back to 1849, so our present zoological conceptions take birth from 1859.
Of the contributors to our first number probably J.W. Douglas is now the only survivor. The aims and scope of the publication are precisely the same as in 1843—bionomic primarily. In philosophy there is great change, but no new creed. It is undoubtedly the case that a naturalist may exist without being an evolutionist; it is equally true that evolutionists can be found who are neither Lamarckians nor Darwinists; and it is certain that Darwinists are to be found in plenty who are quite outside the school of neo-Darwinism, and who have no desire to risk wrecking a great conception on speculative side issues. Hence 'The Zoologist' welcomes all phases of thought, but stipulates for facts rather than theories, argument more than advocacy. All contributors may at least speculate on what our Journal may be made for the cause of Zoology during the next century. The summing up will then be in other hands.
Contents of Issues
CONTENTS.
ALPHABETICAL LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS.
Aplin, O.V., F.L.S., M.B.O.U.
    Notes on the Ornithology of Oxfordshire (1896-1898), 11; Nesting habits of the Great Tit, 143; The Birds of Lleyn, West Carnarvonshire, 489; The Sardinian Warbler, 518; The origin and meaning of the names of British Birds, 558
Arnold, E.C.
    Pectoral Sandpiper at Aldeburgh, 521
Bankes, A.
    Number of eggs in nest of Swift, 556
Baring, A.H.
    Black Rat in Forfarshire, 517
Barrett-Hamilton, G.E.H.
    Birds singing during a thunderstorm, 188
Benson, Rev. Charles W., LL.D.
    Birds on the Rigi, 268
Blathwayt, F.L.
    Pied Flycatcher in Somersetshire, 237; A visit to Lundy, 375
Bonhote, J.L.
    On the moult and colour changes of the Corncrake (Crex pratensis), 29
Brockholes, W. Fitzherbert
    Curious partnership of Hedge-Sparrow and Blackbird in a nest, 237
Brown, J.A. Harvie-
    Albatross near Faroe, 324; Wild Cat, 477
Bryant, Charles H.
    Black Redstart at Brighton, 37
Bucknill, John A.
    Mammalia of Surrey, 559
Burr, Malcolm
    Land Birds at sea, 144
Butler, A.G., Ph.D., F.L.S., F.Z.S.
    On sexual differences in the wing of the House-Sparrow (Passer domesticus), 74
Butler, E.A., Lieut.-Col.
    Black-game in Suffolk, 39
Butterfield, E.P.
    Ornithological notes from the Wilsden District (Yorkshire), 432
Butterfield, W. Ruskin
    Occurrence of the Melodious Warbler in Sussex, 518; Great Skua (Megalestris catarrhactes) in Kent, 521
Carter, Thomas
    Notes from Point Cloates, Northwest Australia, 416
Clarke, W.J.
    Levantine Shearwaters at Scarborough, 521
Cooper, T. Terry
    Marsh-Harrier in Berkshire, 143
Corbin, G.B.
    The Pike and its prey, 282; Early appearance of Swift, 321; Hoopoe in Hants and Dorset, 322; Hybrid Pheasant, 323
Coward, T.A.
    Hoopoe in Anglesea, 82
Crawshay, Richard
    Curlew at sea, 483
Davenport, H.S.
    Nesting habits of the SparrowHawk, 426
Day, Rev. A.F., S.J.
    Tameness of unmolested birds, 280
Degen, Ed.
    On sexual differences in the feathering of the wing, 249
Delves, William, Jun.
    Early appearance of Chiffchaff, 143
Distant, W.L.
    Serrated claws of the Common Heron, 38; Biological Suggestions—Mimicry, 116, 554; Molluscs eaten by Wood-Pigeons, 484
​Dobie, W. Henry
    The Little Owl in North Wales (?), 556
Elliott, J. Steele-
    Lesser Shrew in Worcestershire, 142; Nesting of the Great Tit (Parus major), 423; Nesting of the Common Sparrow (Passer domesticus), 424; Nesting habits of the Starling (Sturnus vulgaris), 425; Some notes on the Swift (Cypselus apus), 479
Farman, Last
    Winter notes from Haddiscoe, 83
Fitch, Edward A., F.L.S., F.E.S.
    The Lesser Rorqual in the Essex Blackwater, 517
Forrest, H.E.
    The movements of Starlings, 131, 479; Curious variety of the Mole, 142; Great Tit nesting in active Bee-hive, 143; Nesting of the Hobby in Shropshire, 143, 382; Sea-Lamprey at Shrewsbury, 144; Lesser Shrew in Shropshire, 186; Little Crake in Shropshire, 280; The Little Owl in Flintshire?, 482; Vertebrate Fauna of North Wales, 485; Breeding of the Tutted Duck (Fuligula cristata) in Shropshire, 506
Fowler, W. Warde, M.A.
    Lateness in appearance of the summer migrants, 238
Fox, W. Storrs, M.A., F.Z.S.
    The Ring-Ouzel in Derbyshire, 1
Frohawk, F.W.
    Little Gull (Larus minutus) on the Thames, 83
Gaythorpe, Harper
    Strange hibernating quarters for Vanessa io and V. urticæ, 559 Grabham, Oxley, M.A., M.B.O.U. Varieties of the Mole, 186; Water Shrews, 186; Natural History notes from Yorkshire for 1899, 229; Number of eggs in nest of Swift, 520
Grant, C.H.B.
    Water Shrews taken three miles from water, 142
Gurney, J.H., F.L.S., F.Z.S.
    Ornithological Notes from Norfolk for 1899, 97; A short history of the Bearded Titmouse, 358
Haigh, G.H. Caton
    Bird notes from North-east Lincolnshire during the autumn migration of 1899, 201
Hall, H.S.
    Nesting of the Marsh-Warbler in Wiltshire, 555
Hall, Robert
    Sea-Elephants on Kerguelen's Land, 441
Horsbrugh, Charles B.
    Mistle-Thrush laying twice in the same nest. 422; Gannet in Somersetshire, 557
Howard, H.E.
    Unusual numbers of Green Plover in Worcestershire, 187; Variations in the notes and songs of birds in different districts, 382
Howard, R.J.
    Wild Cat, 555
Jones, Surgeon K. Hurlstone, M.B., R.N.,F.L.S
    Land birds at sea, 51; Ornithological notes from South-Western Europe, 448
Jourdain, Francis C.R.
    Rough notes on Derbyshire Ornithology (1899-1900), 428
Kew, Wallis H.
    Spinning Molluscs, 289
Langdale, H. Marmaduke
    Molluscs eaten by Wood-Pigeons, 484
Leighton, Gerald, M.B.
    The Adder-swallowing theory from an anatomical point of view, 393; British Snakes, 560
Lewis, Stanley
    Serrated claws of the Common Heron, 38; Mistle-Thrush attacking Squirrel, 321
Lydekker, R., F.R.S., F.G.S., F.Z.S.
    Specimens of Harvest-Mouse and British Bats wanted for the National Museum, 321
Macpherson, Rev. H.A., M.A.
    The Bearded Tit—a correction corrected, 478; Is the Siskin an autumn and winter songster?, 555; The names of British Birds, 558
Marchant, Spencer H. Le
    Curlew nesting in Surrey, 382
Marshall, Guy A.K., F.Z.S.
    "Assimilative Colouration," 327; Conscious Protective Resemblance, 536
Martin, Basil W.
    Red-billed Chough near Hendon, 82; Cuckoo breeding in London District, 481
​Meade-Waldo, E.G.B.
    The Little Owl, 556
Meiklejohn, A.H.
    How does the Cuckoo carry her egg?, 262; Note on the nesting habits of the Sparrow-Hawk, 381; The origin and meaning of the names of British Birds, 511; The mode of progression of the Phalacrocoracidæ under water, 557
Morley, John
    Bittern near Scarborough, 83
Murray, H.W., F.Z.S.
    Mammalia of Surrey, 559
Nelson, H.T.
    Red-crested Pochard in Yorkshire, 483; Stone Curlew in Cleveland in winter, 483; Marten in Cleveland, 517
New, Oliver H.
    Great Spotted Woodpecker (Dendrocopus major), 278
Noble, Heatley
    "Chiffchaff building on the top of small yew and box trees"—correction, 37; Black-game in Suffolk, 39; Lesser Shrew and Bank Vole in Berks, 421; The Bearded Titmouse and other birds in Norfolk, 422
Oddi, Count Ettore Arrigoni degli
    Notes upon the Zoological Meeting of Pavia, 265
Oldham, Charles
    Lesser Shrew in Cambridgeshire, 421; Insectivorous habits of the Long-tailed Field-Mouse, 421; Quail in Cheshire, 428
Patten, Charles J., B.A., M.D., &c.
    On the distribution of some birds observed in Ireland and in Switzerland, 213
Patterson, Arthur
    The Birds of Great Yarmouth and the neighbourhood, 153, 397, 529; Cormorant in captivity, 240; Notes from Great Yarmouth, 241; Spoonbill at Great Yarmouth, 323; Migration notes from Great Yarmouth, 324; Sunfish in the Yarmouth Roads, 483; Meristic Variation in the Edible Crab, 484
Playne, Herbert C.
    Blackcap in March, 187
Pocock, R.I.
    Rare English Ticks, 326; Hybrid Dog and Fox, 477; Marine Centipede in Somerset, 484
Poulton, Edward B., M.A.,F.R.S., &c.
    Conscious Protective Resemblance, 550
Ramsbotham, R.H.
    Flycatcher feeding on worms, 278; Crossbills at Shrewsbury, 321
Read, Robert H.
    Nesting of the Common Sparrow (Passer domesticus), 519; Cuckoo's egg in Song-Thrush's nest, 520
Renshaw, Graham
    Equus quagga, L., 186; Hard-sat eggs—a suggestion, 189
Ridsdale, E.L.J.
    The Bearded Titmouse—a correction, 422
Rope, G.T.
    Remarks relating to mimicry, 85; Oared Shrew in Suffolk, 477
Russell, Harold
    The Great Spotted Woodpecker in Surrey, 322; Rooks in London, 519
Salter, J.H., D.Sc.
    Ornithological notes from Mid-Wales, 76
Saunders, Howard
    Serrated claws of the Common Heron, 85
Saxby, T. Edmondston
    Ornithological notes from Shetland, 281; Cuckoo in the Shetlands, 426; Opah at the Shetlands, 434
Selous, Edmund
    An observational diary of the habits of the Great Plover (Œdicnemus crepitans) during September and October, 173, 270, 458
Service, Robert
    Hybrid Doves, 281
Souef, D. le, C.M.Z.S., &c.
    "How does the new-born Kangaroo get into the mother's pouch?, 49
Southwell, Thomas, F.Z.S.
    Notes on the Seal and Whale Fishery (1899), 65; Notes from Norfolk, 239
Stares, John
    Black-tailed Godwit (Limosa belgica) in Hants, 428
Stead, David G.
    Zoological notes from Sydney, 345
​Terry, F.W.
    Rana temporaria in the Scilly Islands, 383
Ticehurst, N.F., M.A., F.Z.S., &c.
    Some remarks on the birds seen in the south-east part of the mainland of Orkney in October, 1899, 54; Occurrence of the Water Pipit (Anthus spipoletta) in Sussex, 278; Breeding of the Shoveler (Spatula clypeata) in Kent, 279; Breeding of the Garganey (Querquedula circia) in Kent, 279
Tuck, Rev. Julian G., M.A.
    Nesting habits of Great Tit, 82; Great Grey Shrike in Suffolk, 82; Peregrine in Suffolk, 83; Nesting notes, 239; Pectoral Sandpiper in Suffolk, 557
Vaughan, Lieut. Robert E., R.N.
    Land birds at sea, 256
Warner, W.H.
    Lesser Shrew and Bank Vole in Berks, 381
Warren, Robert
    Rose-coloured Starling in Co. Mayo, 37; Bewick's Swan in Moy Estuary, 39; Golden Plover and Lapwings in Moy Estuary, 40, 144; Fox Shark (incorrectly Blue Shark, p. 40) in Killala Bay, Co. Mayo, 188; Wild Swans in North Ireland, 187
Westell, W. Percivall
    Common Buzzard (Buteo vulgaris) shot in Hertfordshire, 426; Quail in Hertfordshire, 428
Whitaker, J.
    Albino Stoat in Lincolnshire, 517; Partridges in Nottinghamshire, 521; Early Jack Snipe, 557
Williams, W.J.
    Early appearance of Chiffchaff, 82; On the distribution of some birds observed in Ireland and in Switzerland, 213
Wilson, William
    The Rook (Corvus frugilegus) in Scotland, 37; Bleater Snipes (Gallinago cœlestis) near Aberdeen, 187; Observations on birds during the exceptional severe spring in Aberdeen, 238; Observations on the Cuckoo in Aberdeen, 481
Witchell, Charles A.
    Stray notes on mimicry, 32, 145
Yerbury, Col. J.W.
    Enemies of the Cicadidæ, 559
ALPHABETICAL LIST OF SUBJECTS.
Aberdeen, birds during the severe spring, 238
Acanthis cannabina, 405; flavirostris, 405; linaria, 405; rufescens, 405
Acanthiza pyrrhopygia, 419
Accentor collaris, 400; modularis, 204, 237, 400, 451
Accipenser latirostris, 241; sturio, 288
Accipiter major, 215; nisus, 209, 215, 381, 412, 426
Acredula caudata, 220, 400
Acrocephalus phragmitis, 204, 399, 450; palustris, 555; streperus, 399
Adder-swallowing theory from an anatomical point of view, 393; fig., 395
Ægialitis hiaticula, 61; melanops, 418; ruficapilla, 419
Ægotheles novæ-hollandiæ, 419
Æpyornis maximus, egg, 48
Ageronia feronica, 547, 554
Alaba picta, 315
Alauda arborea, 408; arvensis, 56, 144, 208, 221, 249, 408, 453; brachydactyla, 408, 453
Albatross near Faroe, 324
Albino Stoat, 517
Alca torda, 377, 457, 546
Alcedo ispida, 208, 225, 409, 454
Alopecias vulpes, 188
Alycæus, 305
Ampelis garrula, 403
Amphipeplea (Limnæa) glutinosa, 296, 297
Anas boscas, 58, 209, 455, 530; strepera, 530
Ancylus, 297, 298; fluviatilis, 297; lacustris, 298, 320
Anguilla australis, 348
Annelida, 349
Anous stolidus, 256
Anser albifrons, 415; brachyrhynchus, 415; cinereus, 415; segetum, 415
Ant and larval Grasshopper, 354
Antarctic Expedition, Scottish National, 344
Anthropologists' Congress, German, 528
Anthus australis, 417; campestris, 402; obscurus, 55, 206, 402; pratensis, 52, 55, 205, 402, 451; richardi, 402; rupestris, 402; sp., 52; spipoletta, 278; trivialis, 205, 402
Anser brachyrhynchus, 209
Apes and Man, relation between, 528
Aplysia, 354
Ardea cinerea, 38, 58, 85, 209, 413, 455; pacifica, 419; purpurea, 413; ralloides, 414; russata, 124
Ardeidæ, 85
Ardetta minuta, 414
Arionidæ, 289
Ascaris megalocephala, 341
Asilidæ, 559
Asio accipitrinus, 208, 216, 410; otus, 208, 410, 434
Aspidobranchiata, 303
Astur palumbarius, 412
Athene noctua, 410
Auk, Great, sale of eggs, 343
Balænoptera rostrata, 517
Balea perversa, 292
Barleeia rubra, 309
Barringtonia cupania, 350, 351
Belostomatidæ, egg-carrying habits of certain, 93
Bernicla brenta, 58, 529; leucopsis, 529; ruficollis, 167, 415
Biological Suggestions—Mimicry, 38, 85, 116, 145, 287, 327, 536
Birds, land, at sea, 51, 144, 256; of South-east Orkney mainland, 54; Humming, 93; Wild, Protection Acts, order under, 94; of Great Yarmouth and neighbourhood, 153, 397, 529; of Horsey, sale prices of, 168; singing during thunderstorm, 188; notes from N.E. Lincolnshire, 201; observed in Ireland and in Switzerland, 213; in Aberdeen during the severe spring, 238; why do they settle on ships?, 260; on the Rigi, 268; tameness of unmolested, 280; great, of the Southern Seas, 287; of Lundy, 375; variations in notes and songs of, 382; of Point Cloates, N.W. Australia, 416; changed feeding habits in, 438; of Lleyn, West Carnarvonshire, 489; British, origin and meaning of names of, 511, 558
​Bittern near Scarborough, 83
Bittium (Cerithram) reticulatum, 317
Blackbird on the Rigi, 268; breeding in Shetland, 281
Blackbird and Hedge-Sparrow, curious partnership of, in a nest, 237
Blackcap in March, 187
Black-game in Suffolk and Norfolk, 39
Bombinator igneus, 86, 145
Books Noticed:—
    An Account of the Deep-Sea Brachyura, and a Descriptive Catalogue of the Indian Deep-Sea Fishes collected by the Royal Indian Marine Ship 'Investigator,' by A. Alcock, 42
    The Rainbow Trout, by Charles Edward Walker and Charles S. Patterson, 43
    Our Rarer British Breeding Birds, by R. Kearton, 44
    Die Fledermäuse des Berliner Museums fur Naturkunde: 1 Lieferüng, Die Megachiroptera, by Paul Matschie, 45
    A First Book in Organic Evolution, by D. Kerfoot Shute, 87
    Fifteen Years' Sport and Life in the Hunting Grounds of Western America and British Columbia, by W.A. Baillie-Grohman, 88
    British Dragonflies (Odonata), by W.J. Lucas, 89
    Recent Foraminifera, a Descriptive Catalogue of Specimens dredged by the U.S. Fish Com. Steamer 'Albatross,' by James N. Flint, 90
    The Mycetozoa, and some Questions which they Suggest, by Sir Edward and Agnes Fry, 91
    Biologia Animale (Zoologia Generale e Speciale) per Naturalisti, Medici, e Veterinari, Del Dott. Gedeone Collamarini, 92
    Faune de France—Les Oiseaux, par A. Acloque, 92
    The Races of Man, an Outline of Anthropology and Ethnography, by J. Deniker, 146
    A Book of Whales, by F. E. Beddard, 147
    British Birds, with some Notes in reference to their Plumage, by Claude W. Wyatt, 148
    A Manual of Zoology, by the late T. Jeffery Parker and William A. Haswell, 149
    The Caroline Islands, by F.W. Christian, 150
    The Vertebrate Fauna of Bedfordshire, by J. Steele Elliott, 152 Transactions of the Caradoc and Severn Valley Field Club, 1 52
    A Monograph of Christmas Island (Indian Ocean), by Charles W. Andrews, &c, 190
    The Atoll of Funafuti, Ellice Group—its Zoology, Botany, Ethnology, and General Structure, 191
    The Norwegian North Polar Expedition, 1893-1896, edited by Fridtjof Nansen, 192
    Text-Book on Palaeontology, by Karl A von Zittel, 194
    An Elementary Course of Practical Zoology, by the late T. Jeffery Parker and W. N. Parker, 195
    General Index to Miss Ormerod's Reports on Injurious Insects, 196
    Report of Injurious Insects and Common Farm Pests during the year 1899, with Methods of Prevention and Remedy, by Eleanor A. Ormerod, 196
    Ghizeh Zoological Gardens Report for 1899, by Stanley S. Flower, 198
    A Key to the Birds of Australia and Tasmania, by Robert Hall, 199
    Animal Behaviour, by C.O. Whitman, 199
    List of the Birds of Aberystwyth and Neighbourhood, by J.H. Salter, 200
    Naturalists' Directory, 200
    A Treatise on Zoology, edited by E. Ray Lankester, Part III., the Echinoderma, by F.A. Bather, assisted by J.W. Gregory and E.S. Goodrich, 242
    Sexual Dimorphism in the Animal Kingdom, a Theory of the Evolution of 'Secondary' Sexual Characters, by J.T. Cunningham, 243
    Evolution, by Frank B. Jevons, 244
    The Game Birds and Wild Fowl of the British Islands, by Charles Dixon, 246
    An Introduction to Science, by A. Hill, 247
    Ethnology, by Michael Haberlandt, 247
    Illustrated Annual of Microscopy, 247 ​
    The Birds of South Africa, by Arthur C. Stark, 283
    Catalogue of the Arctiadæ (Nolinæ, Lithosianæ) in the Collection of the British Museum, by Sir George F. Hampson, 284
    Descriptive Guide to the Collection of Corals on view at the South London Art Gallery, 285
    The Birds of Surrey, by John A. Bucknill, 335
    The Birds of Cheshire, by T.A. Coward and Charles Oldham, 336
    Nature in Downland, by W.H. Hudson, 337
    Recollections of my Life, by Surgeon-General Sir Joseph Fayrer, Bart., 338
    Text-Book of Zoology, treated from a Biological Standpoint, by Dr. Otto Schmeil, 384
    Introduction to Zoology, by Charles Benedict Davenport and Gertrude Crotty Davenport, 385
    In Bird-land with Field-glass and Camera, by Oliver G. Pike, 386
    Bird Gods, by Charles de Kay, 387
    Year-Book of the United States Department of Agriculture, 1899, 435
    Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission, 436
    The Birds of Ireland, by Richard J. Ussher and Robert Warren, 486
    Fancy Waterfowl, by Frank Finn, 487
    Church Stretton, by E.S. Corbold, F.B. Newnham, and R.A. Buddicom, edited by C.W. Campbell-Hyslop, 488
    Life and Letters of Thomas Henry Huxley, by his Son, Leonard Huxley, 522
    A Treatise on Zoology, edited by E. Ray Lankester, Part II., by E.A. Minchin, Herbert Fowler, and Gilbert C. Bourne, with an Introduction by E. Ray Lankester, 524
    Origin and Character of the British People, by Nottidge Charles Macnamara, 525
Bombyxinus, 311; melanostoma, 311; uva, 311
Botaurus stellaris, 83, 414
Breeding of Jay in Oxfordshire, 19; haunts of Kite in Mid-Wales, 76, 79; of Black-headed Gull in Yorkshire, 231; of Shoveler in Kent, 279; of Garganey in Kent, 279; of Blackbird in Shetland, 281; of Cuckoo in London, 438, 439, 481; of Tufted Duck in Shropshire, 506
British Association (Zoology), 527
Bryozoa, 350
Bulla (Philine) aperta, 301
Bullfinch on the Rigi, 268
Buphaga erythrorhyncha, 438
Bustard, Great, re-introduction in Norfolk, 439; Little, correction respecting, 115
Buteo lagopus, 209; vulgaris, 209, 216, 378, 411, 426, 454
Buzzard, Common, shot in Hertfordshire, 426
Bythinia, 310; tentaculata, 310
Bythiniæ, 310
Caccabis rufa, 534
Calcarius lapponicus, 406
Calidris arenaria, 211
Callianassa, 348
Callionymus curvicornis, 354
Cancer pagurus, 287, 484
Canis lateralis, 543
Caprimulgus europæus, 409
Carduelis elegans, 206, 222, 404, 432, 452
Carine noctua, 482, 556
Cat, Wild, 477, 555
Cattle, White, 286
Centipede, marine, in Somerset, 484
Cerithidea decollata, 318; obtusa (Cerithium truncatum, C. obtusion), 317, 320
Cerithiidæ, 316
Cerithiopsis tubercularis, 305, 317
Certhia familiaris, 219, 401
Cestoda, 340
Chaffinch on the Rigi, 268
Charadrius pluvialis, 40, 60, 210
Charcarias glaucus (see Alopecias vulpes, 188)
Charybis cruciatus, 354
Chasmagnathus lævis, 348
Chelidon urbica, 206, 224, 258, 403, 452
Chiffchaff, building of, 37; early appearance, 82, 143; on the Rigi, 268
Chondropoma (Cyclostoma), 307, 308; dentatum, 307, 320; plicatulum, 307
Chough, Alpine, on the Rigi, 269; Red-billed, near Hendon, 82
Chromodoris (Doris) amabilis, 302
Chrysolopus spectabilis, 347
​Chrysomitris spinus, 222, 404, 555
Cicada, 345; angularis, 347
Cicadidæ, 547; enemies of, 559
Ciconia alba, 226, 414; nigra, 414
Cincloramphus cruralis, 417; rufescens, 417
Cinclus aquaticus, 217, 400; melanogaster, 400
Circus æruginosus, 105, 143, 411, 423; assimilis, 417; cinerascens, 411; cyaneus, 411
Cistula (Adamsiella) aripensis, 306; lineolata, 306
Clangula albeola, 532; glaucion, 532
Clausilia, 292; laminata, 291; rolphii, 291; rugosa var. dubia, 292 Clausiliæ, 292
Claws, serrated, of Common Heron, 38, 85
Cnidoglanis megastoma, 356
Coccothraustes vulgaris, 404, 432
Coccystes glandarius, 410
Cochlicopa lubrica, 291
Colouration, Assimilative, 327
Columba ænas, 210, 534; livia, 59, 455; palumbus, 225, 455, 533
Colymbidæ, 557
Colymbus glacialis, 30
Coracias garrulus, 409
Cormorant in Oxfordshire, 25; in captivity, 240
Corncrake, moult and colour-changes of, 29
Corvus australis, 417; corax, 378, 407, 453; cornix, 52, 57, 207, 379, 407; corone, 207, 379, 407, 453; frugilegus, 37, 57, 208, 379, 408, 519; monecula, 56; monedula, 207, 379, 407
Cotile riparia, 52, 258, 403; rupestris, 452
Coturnix communis, 258, 428, 535
County Records:—
    Berkshire—Marsh-Harrier, 143; Lesser Shrew, 381, 421; Bank Vole, 381, 421
    Cambridgeshire—Lesser Shrew, 421
    Cheshire—Great Tit, 143; Longtailed Field-Mouse, 421; Quail, 428
    Derbyshire—Ring-Ouzel, 1; Ornithological notes, 428; Dotterel, 429
    Dorsetshire—Hoopoe, 322
    Devonshire—A visit to Lundy, 375
    Essex—Lesser Rorqual, 517
    Gloucestershire—Blackcap, 187
    Hampshire—The Pike and its prey, 282; Swift, 321; Hoopoe, 322; Pheasant, 323; Black-tailed Godwit, 428
    Hertfordshire—Common Buzzard, 426; Quail, 428
    Kent—Cuckoo, 262; Shoveler, 279; Garganey, 279; Great Skua, 521
    Lancashire—Hedge-Sparrow and Blackbird in a nest, 237; Doves, 281
    Leicestershire—Sparrow-Hawk, 426
    Lincolnshire—Bird-notes, 201; Stoat, 517
    Middlesex—Chiffchaff, 37; Red-billed Chough, 82; Cuckoo, 481; Rooks, 519
    Norfolk—Black-game, 39; notes, 83, 97, 239, 241, 324; Wild-fowl in Yarmouth market, 99, 100, 165-167; Iceland Gull, 101; Spoonbill, 104, 323; Nutcracker, 106; Icterine Warbler, 109; Purple Heron, 112; Night Heron, 113; Birds of Yarmouth, 153, 397, 529; Cormorant, 240; Bearded Titmouse, 358, 422, 478; Sun-fish, 483; Edible Crab, 484
    Nottinghamshire—Partridge, 521
    Oxfordshire—Ornithology of, 11; Great Crested Grebe, 11; Jay, 15, 19; Marsh-Warbler, 15, 20; Great Tit, 19, 143; Cormorant, 25; Barred Warbler, 26; Kite, 27; Raven, 27; summer migrants, 238
    Scotland—Rook, 37; Capercaillie, 39; Bleater Snipe near Aberdeen, 187; Birds during severe spring in Aberdeen, 238; Cuckoo in Aberdeen, 481; Black Rat in Forfarshire, 517; Siskin, 555
    Shropshire—Starlings, 131, 479; Mole, 142; Great Tit, 143; Hobby, 143, 382; Sea-Lamprey, 144; Lesser Shrew, 186; Flycatcher, 278; Little Crake, 280; Crossbill, 321; Tufted Duck, 506
    Somersetshire—Common Heron, 38; Pied Flycatcher, 237; Mistle-Thrush, 321, 422; Marine Centipede, 484; Marten, 517; Gannet, 557
    Suffolk—Black-game, 39; Great Tit, 82; Great Grey Shrike, 82; Peregrine Falcon, 83; Purple Heron, 84; notes, 239; Oared Shrew, 477; Pectoral Sandpiper, 521, 557 ​
    Surrey—Water Shrew, 142; Great Spotted Woodpecker, 322; Curlew, 382; Cuckoo's egg in Song Thrush's nest, 520; Mammalia, 559
    Sussex—Black Redstart, 37; Chiffchaff, 143; Water-Pipit, 278; Melodious Warbler, 518
    Wales—Notes 76; Kite, 76, 79; Nuthatch, 78; Hoopoe, 82; Great Plover, 173, 270, 458; tameness of unmolested birds, 280; Little Owl, 482, 556; Vertebrate Fauna of North Wales, 485; Birds of Lleyn, 489; Jack Snipe 557
    Wiltshire—Marsh Warbler, 555
    Worcestershire—Lesser Shrew, 142; Great Tit, 423; Sea-Lamprey, 144; Green Plover, 187; Common Sparrow, 424; Starling, 425; Swift, 479; Great Spotted Woodpecker, 278
    Yorkshire—Bittern, 83; Water Shrew, 186; notes, 229, 432; Black-headed Gull, 231; Lesser Tern, 232; Red-crested Pochard, 483; Stone Curlew, 483; Levantine Shearwater, 521
Crab, Edible, meristic variation in, 484
Crabs, mimicry and other habits of, 287
Crake, Little, in Shropshire, 280
Crambessa, 346
Crateropus bicolor, 122
Creeper, Wall, on the Rigi, 269
Crex pratensis, 29, 210, 535
Crossbill, Common, in confinement, 114; at Shrewsbury, 321
Crow, Carrion, on the Rigi, 268
Cuckoo in Redstart's nest, 13; in Robin's, 13; with egg in its mouth, 105, 106; how does she carry the egg?, 262,—fig., 264; breeding in London district, 438, 439, 481; in the Shetlands, 426; in Aberdeen, 481
Cuculus canorus, 13, 20, 105, 106, 208, 262, 231, 410, 426, 433, 438, 439, 454, 481
Curculionidæ, 347
Curlew nesting in Surrey, 382; at sea, 483; Stone, in Cleveland in winter, 483
Cyanecula suecica, 203, 398
Cyclochila australasiæ, 347
Cyclograpsus lavauxi, 348
Cyclophoridæ, 305
Cyclostoma, 306, 307, 308; articulatum, 37; voltzianum, 305
Cyclostomatidæ, 306
Cygnus bewicki, 39, 529; commutabilis, 530; musicus, 529
Cypræa europæa, 316
Cypræidæ, 316
Cypridina, 356
Cypris, 357
Cypselus apus, 52, 208, 224, 269, 321, 408, 453, 479, 520, 556; melba, 224, 409, 453
Dafila acuta, 531
Darwin's 'Origin of Species,' cheap edition, 390
Daulias luscinia, 53, 398, 450
Decoy, agreement for hiring a, 160
Dendrocopus major, 278, 322, 409, 433; minor, 322, 409, 433
Dendrocycna eytoni, 419
Derbyshire Ornithology, rough notes on, 428
Dermacentor reticulatus, 326
Diary, Observational, of habits of Great Plover, 173, 270, 458
Diatomaceæ, 350
Diomedea exulans, 288; melanophrys, 324
Discomedusæ, 346
Discophoræ, 354
Dismorphia, 553
Dog and Fox hybrid, 477
Dorididæ, 302
Dotterel in Derbyshire, 429
Doves, hybrid, 281
Dreissensia polymorpha, 343
Drilus, 305
Duck, Tufted, breeding in Shropshire, 506
Echinus, 342; esculentus, 342
Ecuador, a naturalist's notes in, 93
Eel, an extinct, in the English Chalk, 198
Egg of Cuckoo in Marsh-Warbler's nest, 20,—in Hedge-Sparrow's, 231,—in Song-Thrush's, 520; of Æpyornis maximus, 48; of Aylesbury Duck, unusually large, 107
Eggs, hard-set, a suggestion, 189; of Great Auk, sale, 343; number of, in nest of Swift, 520, 556
Elephant, African, large tusks of, 47; Sea, on Kergueeln's Land, 441,— disturbed rest, fig., 444
​Elvers, Eels, and Smolts, 343
Elysia (Aplysiopterus), 302; viridis, 302
Elysiidæ, 302
Emberiza cirlus, 406, 453; citrinella, 207, 221, 406; hortulana, 406, 453; miliaria, 406, 453; schoeniclus, 207, 406
Engraulis encrasicholus, 241
Eolis, 302
Eolididæ, 302
Ephthianura albifrons, 417; tricolor, 417
Equus quagga, 186
Erithacus rubecula, 203, 218, 398, 450
Eristalis, 546
Erythrogonys cinctus, 418
Eudromias morinellus, 434
Eulima intermedia, 319
Eulimidæ, 319
Europe, South-Western, ornithological notes from, 448
Exeirus sp.?, 347
Facelina (Eolis) coronata, 302
Falco æsalon, 57, 209, 412, 434; cenchris, 455; melanogenys, 418; peregrinus, 57, 83, 209, 378, 412, 454; subbuteo, 143, 382, 412; tinnunculus, 53, 57, 209, 412, 454; vespertinus, 412
Falcon, Kestrel, on the Rigi, 268; Peregrine, in Suffolk, 83
Fauna, Vertebrate, of North Wales, 485
Filaria equina (papillosa), 342
Fish-culture in trains, 390
Fish, sociable, 392
"Fishes from Linne's private collection," 46; of the Firth of Forth and its tributaries, 47; heavy weight of some, 288
Flower, the late Sir William, proposed memorial to, 440
Flycatcher, feeding on worms, 278; Pied, in Somersetshire, 237; Spotted, on the Rigi, 268
Formaldehyde as an aid in collecting ornithological specimens, 389
Formalin as a preservative, 48
Fox and Dog hybrid, 477
Francolinus subtorquatus, 543
Fratercula arctica, 377, 456
Fregata minor, 418
Fringilla coelebs, 206, 221, 404, 453; montifringilla, 206, 404
Fulica atra, 60, 456
Fuligula cristata, 58, 506, 532; ferina, 58, 531; marila, 58, 532; nyroca, 169, 532; rufina, 483, 531
Gallinago cœlestis, 61, 187, 211, 456; gallinula, 61, 211, 557; major, 211
Gallinula chloropus, 60, 535
Gallirex, 332
Gannet in Somersetshire, 557
Garganey breeding in Kent, 279
Garrulus glandarius, 207, 223, 407, 453
Gasterosteus leiurus, 35
Gastrophilus equi, 340; haemorrhoidalis, 340; nasalis, 340
Gecinus viridis, 225, 322, 409
Generic names, new, in 'Zoological Record,' Index-volume to, 560
Geophilus submarinus, 484
Geronticus spinicollis, 419
Glareola orientalis, 418, 419
Godwit, Black-tailed, in confinement, 114; in Hants, 428
Goldcrest on the Rigi, 268
Grebe, Great Crested, in Oxfordshire, 11
Gull, Black-headed, breeding in Yorkshire, 231; Iceland, in Norfolk, 101; Little, on the Thames, 83
Gyps fulvus, 454
Habits, nesting, of Great Tit, 19, 82, 143, 423,—Sparrow-Hawk, 381, 426; of Great Plover, 173, 270, 458; of Crabs, 287; insectivorous, of Long-tailed Field-Mouse, 421; changed feeding in birds, 438
Haddiscoe, winter notes from, 83
Hæmaphysalis punctata, 326
Hæmatopinus macrocephalus, 340
Hæmatopoda pluvialis, 340
Hæmatopus ostralegus, 61, 210, 538
Halcyon pyrrhopygius, 419; sanctus, 419
Haliaëtus albicilla, 411
Haliastur girrenera, 419; sphenurus, 123
Halias prasinana, 554
Harelda glacialis, 532
Harrier, Marsh, nest, in Norfolk, 105; in Berkshire, 143
Hawk, Sparrow, nesting habits, 381, 426
Hawkesbury Sandstone tunnelled by Termites, fig., 352
Helicidæ, 291
Helicina, 303
Helix, 292, 308; aspersa, 291; nemoralis (hortensis), 291
​Helœcius cordiformis, 349
Heron, Common, serrated claws of, 38, 85; Night, in Norfolk, 113; Purple, in Suffolk, 84,—in Norfolk, 112
Heteractitis brevipes, 418
Heteropygia acuminata, 419
Hieracidea occidentalis, 417
Hippobosca equina, 340
Hirundinidæ, 258, 260
Hirundo rustica, 52, 206, 224, 258, 260, 403, 452
Hobby nesting in Shropshire, 143, 382
Hoopoe in Anglesea, 82; in Hants and Dorset, 322
Hyalomma affine, 327
Hybrid between Goldfinch and Linnet, 109; Doves, 281; Pheasant, 323; Dog and Fox, 477
Hydatina physis, 353
Hydrobia ventrosa, 310; ulvæ, 310
Hydrobiidæ, 310
Hydrochelidon hybrida, 419
Hyæna crocuta, 546
Hymenosoma varium, 348
Hypoderma silenus, 340
Hypolais icterina, 109; polyglotta, 518
Hypolimnas, 553; bolina, 553
Index-volume to new generic names in 'Zoological Record,' 560
Ireland.—Rose-coloured Starling, 37; Bewick's Swan, 39; Golden Plover, 40; Lapwing, 40, 144; Fox Shark (incorrectly Blue Shark, p. 40), 188; Wild Swans, 187; some Birds observed, 213
Isodidæ, 326
Iynx torquilla, 225, 409
Jay breeding in Oxfordshire, 19
Jays, plague of, 15
Jeffreysia diaphana, 310
Jeffreysiidæ, 310
Julus, 353
Kallima, 539, 551
Kangaroo, the new-born, how does it get into the mother's pouch?, 49 (Plate I.)
Kite in Oxfordshire, fragment of history of, 27; breeding haunts in Mid-Wales, 76, 79
Labrus maculatus, 241
Lacerta vivipara, 36
Lacuna, 308
Lagopus scoticus, 60
Lalage tricolor, 418
Lamarck, new work on, by Dr. Alphaeus S. Packard, 390
Lamna cornubica, 241
Lamprey, Sea, at Shrewsbury, 144
Lampris luna, 434
Land birds at sea, 51, 144, 256
Lanius collurio, 216, 402; excubitor, 82, 402, 432; minor, 402; pomeranus, 403, 451
Lapwings in Moy Estuary, 40, 144
Laridæ, 256
Larinæ, 62
Larus argentatus, 226, 377; cachinnans, 456; fuscus, 377; marinus, 377; melanocephalus, 456; minutus, 83; novæ hollandiæ, 418; ridibundus, 456
Lasiocampa quercifolia, 547
Lepas pectinata?, 350
Lestis æratus, 353
Ligurinus aurantiiventris, 258; chloris, 206, 257, 403, 452
Limacidæ, 289
Limapontia, 303
Limapontiidæ, 303
Limax, 293, 294, 299, 301, 304; arborum, 308; filans of authors, a myth, 289
Limnæa, 295; auricularia, 296, 320; glabra, 300; palustris, 296; peregra, 296; stagnalis, 295, 296; truncatula, 296
Limnææ, 295
Limnæidæ, 292, 298
Limnæus, 301
Limosa belgica, 428
Lincolnshire, North-east, Bird-notes during autumn migration of 1899, 201
Linota cannabina, 206, 379, 433, 453; flavirostris, 56, 206, 433, 482
Litiopa, 304, 312, 313, 314; bombex, 311; maculata, 311; melanostoma, 310, 311
Litiopidæ, 310
Littorina, 308
Littorinidæ, 308
Lleyn, West Carnarvonshire, Birds of, 489
Locustella luscinoides, 399; nævia, 204, 399, 432
Lopholatilus chamæleonticeps, 437
Loxia bifasciata, 405; curvirostra, 223, 321, 405, 433
Lundy, a visit to, 375
Lycaon pictus, 546
Lygosoma æquale, 353
​Machetes pugnax, 211
Macra stultorum, 533
Macronyx capensis, 543
Macrophthalmus setosus, 349
Macropus giganteus, 49
Macrorhinus angustirostris, 441; elephantinus, 441; leoninus, 441
Malurus lamberti, 419
Mammalia of Surrey, 559
Man and Apes, relation between, 528
Mangilia (Pleurotoma) nebula, 319
Mantidæ, 559
Mareca penelope, 58, 210, 531
Marten in Cleveland, 517
Martin, Crag, on the Rigi, 269
Megalestris catarrhactes, 521
Megalomastoma antillarum, 306; guildingianum, 306; suspensum, 305, 306, 317, 320
Melizophilus melanocephala, 518
Melopsittacus undulatus, 417
Mergus albellus, 533; cucullatus, 533; merganser, 533; serrator, 59, 533
Merops apiaster, 409
Microstylium apicale, 559
Microtribonyx ventralis, 417
Microtus glareolus, 381, 421
Migrants, summer, lateness of, 238
Migration notes from Great Yarmouth, 324
Millport Marine Biological Station, 342
Milvus ictinus, 215. 412, 454
Mimicry, 32, 85, 116, 145, 287, 327, 536
Misocalius osculans, 419
Mitra saltata, 319
Mitridæ, 319
Mole, variety, 142, 186
Molluscs, Spinning, 289 (Plate III.)
Motacilla alba, 220, 401, 451; flava, 401, 451; lugubris, 55, 205, 220, 401, 451; melanope, 205, 401; raii, 205, 221, 401; sulphurea, 220
Mouse, Long-tailed Field, insectivorous habits, 421
Mugil, 356
Mullus surmuletus, 288
Mus minutus, 321; rattus, 517; sylvaticus, 421
Muscicapa atricapilla, 206, 237, 278, 403, 432; grisola, 206, 217, 403, 452; parva, 403
Mustela erminea, 517; martes, 517
Mycteris longicarpus, 348
Names of British Birds, their origin and meaning, 511, 558
Nautilograpsus minutus, 350
Nectocarcinus integrifrons, 349, 354
Nematoda, 340
Neomys fodiens, 142
Neophron percnopterus, 258, 454
Neptunus pelagicus, 354, 357; sanguinolentus, 354
Neritina fluviatilis, 303
Nest of Missel-Thrush at low elevation, 12; of Redstart and Robin with young of Cuckoo, 13; of Hawfinch emptied by Cuckoo, Rook, and Jackdaw, 13; of Marsh-Warbler with egg of Cuckoo in Oxfordshire, 20,—in Norfolk, 105; of Marsh Harrier in Norfolk, 105,—in Berkshire, 143; of Great Tit in active beehive, 143; of Bearded Titmouse with eight eggs, 107, 367
Nest and young, care of, 247
Nesting of Barn and Long-eared Owls in Oxfordshire, 11; of Great Tit, 19, 82, 143,—in Worcestershire, 423; of Hobby in Shropshire, 143, 382; notes, 239; of Curlew in Surrey, 382; of Common Sparrow, 424, 519; of Starling, 425; of Marsh-Warbler in Wiltshire, 555
Nettion castaneum, 419; crecca, 209
Nisætus morphnoides, 419
Noctiluca miliaris, 356
Noctilucæ, 356
Norfolk, ornithological notes from, for 1899, 97 (Plate II.); notes from, 239
Notes and songs of Birds, variations in, 382
Nucifraga caryocatactes, 407
Numenius arquata, 62, 212, 382, 456; phaeopus, 212
Nutcracker in Norfolk, 106; on the Rigi, 268
Nuthatch at Aberystwyth, 78
Nyctala tengmalmi, 410
Nyctea scandica, 410
Nycticorax griseus, 414
Obituary:—
    Anderson, Dr. John, M.D., F.R.S., 440
    Atkinson, Canon, 200
    Coues, Dr. Elliott, 80
    Cross, William, 248
    Edwards, M. Milne, 248
    Layard, E.L., 47
    Mivart, Dr. St. George, 200
    Paget, Sir James, 48
    Russ, Dr. Carl, 81
​Ocypoda cardimana, 348
Odostomia, 318; acicula, 319; warreni, 318
Œdemia fusca, 59, 533; nigra, 59, 533
Œdicnemus crepitans, 173, 270, 458; scolopax, 483
Opah at the Shetlands, 434
Ophideres, 553
Opisthobranchiata, 301
Oriolus galbula, 257, 402
Orkney, mainland, Birds seen in south-east, 54
Orthagoriscus mola, 483
Ossifraga gigantea, 418
Otis tarda, 456
Otocorys alpestris, 408
Otolithus æquidens, 288
Ouzel, Ring, in Derbyshire, 1; on the Rigi, 268
Owl, Barn, and Long-eared, nesting in Oxfordshire, 11; Little, in Flintshire?, 482, 556,—in Anglesea, 556,—introduced into various parts of the kingdom, 556
Oxfordshire, notes on ornithology of (1896-98), 11
Oxyuris curvula, 341; mastigodes, 341
Palæontology, position in Biology, 527
Pandion haliaëtus, 413
Panurus biarmicus, 358, 440, 422, 478
Pardalotus rubricatus, 419
Partnership, curious, of Hedge-Sparrow and Blackbird in a nest, 237
Partridge, chestnut-coloured, 14, 23, 25, 26, 101, 111
Partridges in Nottinghamshire, 521
Parus ater, 220, 268, 451; britannicus, 400; cæruleus, 205, 220, 401, 451; cristatus, 401; major, 19, 82, 143, 204, 219, 400, 423, 451; palustris, 205, 220, 401, 451; sylvaticus, 479
Passer domesticus, 56, 74, 144, 206, 222, 249, 404, 424, 452, 519; hispaniolensis, 453; montanus, 221, 404
Pastor roseus, 37, 407
Patella vulgata, 342
Pavia Zoological Meeting, 265
Pearl on Fresh-water Mussel, 343
Pectinibranchiata, 304
Penæus canaliculatus, 354; esculentus, 354
Penguins on an antarctic island, 527
Pentaroge marmorata, 354
Perdix cinerea, 455, 521, 534; montana, 111
Pernis apivorus, 412
Pestis bubonica, 357
Petromyzon branchialis, 241; marinus, 144
Phaëthon rubricauda, 260
Phalacrocoracidæ, mode of progression under water, 557
Phalacrocorax carbo, 57, 413, 455; graculus, 57, 413, 455, 557; stictocephalus, 419; varius, 417
Phalaropus hyperboreus, 211
Phaps chalcoptera, 355
Phasianus colchicus, 534
Pheasant, hybrid, 323
Philinidæ, 301
Philomycidæ, 289
Phylloscopus collybita, 219; rufus, 82, 143, 204, 399, 432, 450; sibilatrix, 204, 450; superciliosus, 144; trochilus, 204, 219, 258, 399, 432
Physa (Bulla), 299, 300, 301; fontinalis, 298, 299, 300; hypnorum, 299, 300, 320
Physidæ, 298
Pica rustica, 223, 407
Pieris brassicæ, 24
Pigeon, Wood, eating molluscs, 484
Pike and its prey, 282
Pilumnopeus serratifrons, 348, 349
Pipit, Water, in Sussex, 278
Pipits (Meadow, Tree, and Water) on the Rigi, 268, 269
Planaxis, 318
Planaxidæ, 318
Planaria variegata, 303
Planorbis, 295, 297; carinatus, 297; complanatus, 297; contortus, 297; spirorbis, 297
Platalea leucorodia, 323, 414
Platycephalus fuscus, 355
Plectrophenax nivalis, 56, 207, 238, 406
Plegadis falcinellus, 414
Pleuronectes platessa, 241
Pleurotomatidæ, 319
Plover, Great, habits of, 173, 270, 458; Golden, in Moy Estuary, 40, 144; Green, in unusual numbers, 187
Pochard, Red-crested, in Yorkshire, 483
Podiceps auritus, 64; cristatus, 423; fluviatilis, 64, 212, 456; nestor, 419
Pœcilopsaltria horizontalis, 549
​Point Cloates, N.W. Australia, notes from, 416
Polycera lessonii, 302; quadrilineata (var. non-lineata), 302
Polyceridæ, 302
Pomatorhinus rubeculus, 419
Porcellana dispar, 348
Porzana bailloni, 535; maruetta, 210, 536; parva, 280, 535
Pratincola rubetra, 203, 398, 449; rubicola, 203, 398, 432
Procellaria pelagica, 380, 457, 483
Promachus, 559
Proteles cristatus, 543
Psaltoda mœrens, 347
Pseudacræ, 553
Psoroptes communis var. equi, 340
Pteropus polioceplialus, 349
Ptilotis keartlandi, 417; leilavalensis, 416; sonora, 417; tricolor, 417
Puffinus anglorum, 379; yelkouanus, 521
Pulmonata, 291
Pupidæ, 291, 292
Pyramidellidæ, 318
Pyrrhocorax alpinus, 453; graculus, 82, 379
Pyrrhula enucleator, 405; europæa, 223, 405, 453; major, 405
Quail in Cheshire, 428; in Hertfordshire, 428
Querquedula circia, 279, 531; crecca, 531
Rallus aquaticus, 123, 210, 535
Rana temporaria in Scilly Islands, 383
Rat, Black, in Forfarshire, 517
Raven in Oxfordshire, fragment of history, 27
Redpoll, Lesser, on the Rigi, 268
Redstart, Black, at Brighton, 37
Redstarts (Black and Common) on the Rigi, 268
Regulus cristatus, 204, 219, 399; ignicapillus, 399
Resemblance, conscious protective, 536, 550
Rigi, Birds on the, 268
Rissa tridactyla, 377, 456
Rissoa, 304, 309; abyssicola, 309; cancellata, 309; carinata (striatula), 309; fulgida, 309; membranacea, 309; parva, 308, 309; pulcherrima, 309; striatula, 309; vitrea, 309
Rissoæ, 310
Rissoidæ, 308
Robin on the Rigi, 268
Rook in Scotland, 37
Rooks in London, 519
Rorqual, Lesser, in Essex Blackwater, 517
Ruticilla phœnicurus, 203, 218, 259, 398, 449; titys, 37, 218, 394, 450
Scolopax rusticola, 211
Scops giu, 411
Seal and Whale Fishery (1899), 65
Segmentina, 297; lineata (Planorbis lineatus), 297
Serinus hortulanus, 222, 404, 452
Sesarma erythrodactyla, 348
Shark, Fox (incorrectly "Blue" at p. 40) in Killala Bay, Co. Mayo, 188
Shearwater, Levantine, at Scarborough, 521
Shetland, ornithological notes from, 281
Shoveler breeding in Kent, 279
Shrew, Lesser, in Worcestershire, 142,—in Shropshire, 186,—in Berks, 381, 421,—in Cambridgeshire, 421; Oared, in Suffolk, 477; Water, taken three miles from water, 142, 186
Shrike, Great Grey, in Suffolk, 82
Singing of birds during thunderstorm, 188
Siskin on the Rigi, 268; is it an autumn and winter songster?, 555
Sitta cæsia, 401
Sittella pileata, 419
Skenea planorbis, 310
Skeneidæ, 310
Skua, Buffon's, in Shetland, 281; Great, in Kent, 521
Snakes, British, 560
Snipe, Bleater, near Aberdeen, 187; Jack, early, 557
Snowfinch on the Rigi, 269
Societies—Hampstead Astronomical and Scientific Society, 47; Italian Zoological Union, 265
Solariidæ, 318
Solea lascaris, 241; vulgaris, 241
Somateria mollissima, 59, 532; stelleri, 532
Songs and notes of birds, variations, in, 382
Sorex fodiens var. ramifer, 477; pygmseus, 186; minutus, 142, 381, 421
Sparrow, Hedge, and Blackbird, curious partnership of, in a nest, 237; House, sexual differences in ​wing-feathering, 74, 249,—nesting of, 424, 519
Spatula clypeata, 209, 279, 423, 530
Sphæroma, 348
Spiroptera megastoma, 342; microstoma, 242
Spoonbill in Norfolk, 104; not speechless, 104; at Great Yarmouth, 323
Squatarola helvetica, 210
Squilla lævis, 354
Starling, Rose-coloured, in Co. Mayo, 37; nesting, 425
Starlings, movements of, 131, 472
Stauropus alternus, drawings of caterpillar, 198
Stenogyridæ, 291
Stercorarius crepidatus, 63; parasiticus, 281
Sterna macrura, 212
Stipiturus ruficeps, 416
Stoat, albino, in Lincolnshire, 517
Strepsilas interpres, 61, 216, 538
Strix flammea, 208, 410
Sturnus vulgaris, 53, 56, 131, 144, 207, 406, 425, 433, 453
Sula bassana, 376, 413, 455, 557
Sunfish in Yarmouth Roads, 483
Swan, Bewick's, in Moy Estuary, 39
Swans, Wild, in North Ireland, 187
Swift on the Rigi, 269; early appearance, 321; some notes on, 479; number of eggs in nest, 520, 556
Switzerland, distribution of some birds observed in, 213
Sydney, Zoological notes from, 345 (Plate IV.)
Sylvia atricapilla, 187, 219, 399, 450; cinerea, 203, 399, 450; curruca, 203, 432; hortensis, 203, 399, 450; melanocephala, 518; nisoria, 26, 204; rufa, 219; sarda, 450, 518; undata, 399
Symbiotes communis var. equi, 340
Syrnium aluco, 410
Syrrhaptes paradoxus, 534
Tabanus autumnalis, 340; bovinus, 340
Tadorna casarca, 530; cornuta, 530
Tænia mamillana, 340; perfoliata, 340, 341; plicata, 340
Talorchestia quadrimana, 348
Talpa europæa, 142, 186
Tameness of unmolested birds, 280
Tephrocorys cinerea, 543
Termites, rocks honeycombed by, 352
Tern, Lesser, destruction, in Yorkshire, 232
Testacella scutulum, 291
Testacellidæ, 291
Tetrao tetrix, 93
Thalamita sima, 354
Thalassogeron chlororhynchus, 418
Thopha saccata, 346, 347
Thrush, Missel, nests at low elevations, 12; attacking Squirrel, 321; laying twice in same nest, 422
Thrushes (Missel, Rock, and Song) on the Rigi, 268, 269
Tibicen curvicosta, 347; nubifurca, 559
Ticks, rare English, 326
Tinnunculus cenchroïdes, 417
Titmouse, Bearded, short history of (Plate V.), 358—nest, fig., 367—feeding young, fig., 368,—cleaning out nest, fig., 369,—general distribution, fig., 374,—corrections, 422, 478,—and other birds in Norfolk, 422; Coal, on the Rigi, 268; Great, nesting habits, 19, 82, 143, 423
Torinia, 318
Totanus calidris, 62; canescens, 212; fuscus, 212; glareola, 212; hypoleucus, 211, 456; ochropus, 212
Trematoda, 340
Trichodectes pilosus, 340; pubescens, 340
Trigonorhina fasciata, 357
Tringa acuminata, 558; alpina, 211; canutus, 211; maculata, 521, 557; minuta, 167, 201; subarcuata, 211
Trochonanina, 291; conula (Microcystis conula), 291, 292
Troglodytes parvulus, 205, 401, 451
Tropidonotus berus, 33; natrix, 33, 36
Tryngites rufescens, 110
Tubicinella trachealis, 286
Tudora, 307, 308; megacheila, 307
Turacus, 332
Turdus communis, 260; iliacus, 55, 202, 206, 397; merula, 55, 202, 217, 237, 281, 398, 449; musicus, 202, 217, 259, 397; pilaris, 55, 202, 397; torquatus, 1, 398; varius, 398; viscivorous, 202, 217, 321, 398, 422
Turkeys, Wild, from Canada, 94
Turtur communis, 52, 146, 210, 225, 257, 455, 534; risorius, 257
Upupa epops, 53, 82, 257, 322, 409, 454
Urenchelys anglicus, 198
Uria grylle, 63; troile, 63, 377, 457
​Valvata, 304; piscinalis, 315
Valvatidæ, 315
Vanellus vulgaris, 40, 61, 187, 210
Vanessa atalanta, 33; io, 33,—and urticæ, strange hybernating quarters for, 559
Variety of Partridge, 14, 23, 25, 26, 101, 111; Hooded Crow, 101; Black-throated Diver, 101; Brambling, 103; Hedge-Sparrow, 108; Green Woodpecker, 109; Mole, 186; Sparrow-Hawk, 215, Jackdaw, 233; Fox-cub, 233; Weasel, 235; Sole, 241; Stoat, 517
Vipera berus, 393
Vitrina pellucida, 291
Vitrinidæ, 291
Vole, Bank, in Berks, 381, 421
Wagtail, White, on the Rigi, 269
Wales, Mid, ornithological notes from, 76; North Wales, Vertebrate Fauna, 414
Warbler, Barred, in Oxfordshire, 26; Blackcap, on the Rigi, 268; Icterine, in Norfolk, 109; Marsh, in Oxfordshire, 15,—nest, containing egg of Cuckoo, fig., 20,—in Wiltshire, 555; Melodious, in Sussex, 518; Sardinian, 518
Whale and Seal Fishery (1899), 65
White, Gilbert, and his recent Editors, Prof. Newton on, 391
Whitethroat, 259
Wildfowl at Breydon, 157, 159,—at Fritton Decoy, 160, 239; and other birds, at Great Yarmouth market, 99, 100, 165, 166, 167
Wilsden District (Yorkshire), ornithological notes from, 432
Wing-feathering of House-Sparrow, sexual differences in, 74, 249
Woodpecker, Great Spotted, 278,—in Surrey, 322; Green, with beak like Crossbill's, 109,—and sp.?, on the Rigi, 268
Worms, Horse, 340
Wren on the Rigi, 268
Yarmouth, Great, and neighbourhood, Birds of, 153, 397, 529,—area of distribution, fig., 154,—principal works relating to, 177; notes from, 241
Yorkshire, Natural History notes from, for 1899, 229, 432
Young and nest, care of, 247
Zonotidæ, 291
Zoological Meeting of Pavia, 265
Zoology, teachings of, brought to the aid of practical warfare, 152; at British Association, 527
Zosterops lutea, 418
ILLUSTRATIONS.
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