OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Balthasar Boncompagni

From volume 2 of the work.
Italian mathematician, b. at Rome, 10 May, 1821; d. 13 April, 1894. He was a member of the illustrious family to which had belonged Gregory XIII, the reformer of the calendar. He studied mathematics and physics under Santucci and became known as a prolific writer on mathematical and historical subjects. At an early age (1840) he contributed to the "Giornale Arcadico" biographical sketches of Father Joseph Calandrelli, director of the observatory of the Roman College after the suppression of the Society of Jesus, and his assistant Conti. These were followed by his "Recherches sur les intégrales définies", which appeared in "Crelle's Journal" (Berlin). In 1846 the "Giornale Arcadico" published his "Studi intorno ad alcuni avanzamenti della fisica in Italia nei secoli XVI e XVIII". In 1847 he became a member of the Accademia dei Lincei and shortly after its librarian.
Boncompagni contributed much to the study of the history of mathematics by his "Bolletino", which he founded in 1868 and conducted until 1887. To it he contributed numerous essays, biographies, reviews, etc. Among his essays published before the founding of the "Bolletino" may be mentioned, "Della vita e delle opere di Gherardo Cremonese traduttore del secolo XII" (1850); "Gherardo da Sabionetta, astronomo del secolo XIII" (1851); "Della vita e delle opere di Guido Bonatti" (1851); "Memoria sopra Leonardo" (1854); "Saggio intorno ad alcune opere di Leonardo" (1854); "Tre scritti inediti di Leonardo da un manoscritto dell' Ambrosiana di Milano" (Florence, 1854); "Intorno ad una proprietà dei numeri" (in the "Annali delle scienze matematiche e fisiche" 1855); "Scritti inediti del P. D. Pietro Cossali" (1857); "Dissertazione intorno ad un trattato di aritmetica stampato nel 1478" (in the "Atti dei Nuovi Lincei" 1862-63). In 1857 Boncompagni also published the "Algoritmi de numero Indorum" which he had found in the Library of Cambridge University. It is supposed to be a translation of the famous treatise on arithmetic of Al-khwarizmi, the most illustrious of the Arabian mathematicians.
Nuova Enciclopedia Italiana, Suppl., 6th ed., Turin; BALL, Hist. of Mathematics (New York, 1888).
H. M. BROCK
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Baltasar de Echave

From volume 5 of the work.
Echave, Balthasar de, painter, b. at Zumaya, Guipuzcoa, Spain, in the latter part of the sixteenth century; d. in Mexico about the middle of the seventeenth. As there was a painter of the same name, thought to be his son, he is known as Echave the Elder. He was one of the earliest Spanish artists to reach Mexico, arriving at about the same time, near the end of the sixteenth century, as Sebastian Arteaga and Alonzo Vasquez. He was then a young man, and there is a tradition that his wife, also a painter, was his instructor. Echave, whose subjects are chiefly religious, had especial skill in composition, and his best works, which have much charm of color and tenderness of treatment, are thought to recall those of Guercino. In the galleries of the National Academy of San Carlos, in the City of Mexico, there are some of his best pictures, notably "The Adoration of the Magi", "Christ in the Garden", "The Martyrdom of San Aproniano", "The Holy Family", "The Visitation", "The Holy Sepulchre", "Saint Ann and the Virgin", "The Apparition of Christ and the Virgin to San Francisco", "The Martyrdom of San Ponciano", and "Saint Cecilia". In the church of San Jose el Real, generally known as the "Profesa", are several others, including "St. Isabel of Portugal", while he executed for the church of Santiago Tlaltelolco fifteen altar-panels. In the cathedral is his "Candelaria" and a "San Sebastian", believed to be by his wife. Among the smaller paintings of Echave is one of San Antonio Abad with St. Paul, the first hermit. The artist also had a reputation as an author, among his works being one on the Biscayan language.
AUGUSTUS VAN CLEEF
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Baltasar Gracián (Gratian)

From volume 16 of the work.
Gracián, (Gratian), Baltasar, Spanish writer, b. at Belmonte, a suburb of Calatayud, Aragon, January 8, 1601; d. at Tarragona, December 6, 1658. He came of a noble family and was reared in the home of his uncle Antonio Gracidn, licentiate at Toledo. His mother's name was Morales, and it is supposed that she and his father died when Graciin was a child. His three brothers, Felipe, Pedro, and Raimundo, entered religious orders, and Baltasar entered the Society of Jesus in 1619, being among the first to receive an education according to the principles of the Ratio Studiorum. He taught in various colleges of the order, and at the time of his death was rector of the College of Tarragona. He was on terms of intimacy with King Philip III. His correspondence with a gentleman of Huesca, Vincencio Juan de Lastanosa, is no longer extant. He is the author of a number of works which exercised a wide influence on the literature of his country by the extreme artificiality of their style. The subject matter of most of his works is the ideal Spanish gentleman. The critical exposition of the stilo culto Gracian adopted in his "Agudeza y arte de ingenio". He is best known through his "Oriculo manual 6 arte de prudencia" (1647). This was his most finished work, the earliest known edition of which is in the British Museum. It has been translated into Italian, French, English, Latin, Hungarian, Polish, German and Dutch. His other works are "El Heroe" (Madrid, 1630); "El politico Fernando el Catolico" (1641); "El Discreto", dedicated to Don Baltasar Carlos of Austria (Huesca, 1645); "El Criticon" (Ist part, Madrid, 1650; 2nd and 3rd parts, Huesca, 1653); "El Comulgador", devotions for Communion (Madrid, 1655). The last named work, as also his eulogy of Ferdinand the Catholic, are exceptions to his usual choice of subject. Whatever may be thought of the evils of his style, it is a brilliant medium for his wisdom and frequently exalted sentiments.
Gertrude Dana Steele.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Balthasar Cordier

From volume 4 of the work.
(Corderius)
Exegete and editor of patristic works, b. at Antwerp, 7 June, 1592; d. at Rome, 24 June, 1650. He entered the Society of Jesus in 1612, and after teaching Greek, moral theology, and Sacred Scripture, devoted himself to translating and editing MSS. of Greek catenæ and other works of the Greek Fathers, for which he searched the libraries of Europe.
He published the following: (1) Catena sexaginta quinque Patrum græcorum in S. Lucam" (Antwerp, 1628); (2) Catena Patrum græcorum in S. Joannem" (Antwerp, 1630); (3) Joannis Philoponi in cap. I Geneseos . . . libri septem" (Antwerp, 1630); (4) S. Cyrilli apologiæ morales" (Vienna, 1630);(5) Opera S. Dionysii Areopagitæ cum S. Maximi scholiis" (Antwerp, 1634); (6) Expositio Patrum græcorum in Psalmos" (Antwerp, 1643-46); (7) Symbolæ in Matthæum" (2 vols., of which, however, only the second is by him; Toulouse, 1646-47); (8) S. Dorothei archimandritæ institutiones asceticæ" (Antwerp, 1646); (9) S. P. N. Cyrilli archiepiscopi Alexandini homiliæ XIX in Jeremiam" (Antwerp, 1648) - in this case as in a few others, his critical acumen was at fault; these homilies are Origen's. He is also the author of a commentary on the Book of Job, "Job Illustratus" (Antwerp, 1646; reprinted in Migne's Cursus S. Scripturæ". XIII and XIV, and in Campon's edition of Cornelius a Lapide).
Sommervogel, Biblioth. de la c. de J., II, 1438, s. v.; Hurter, Nomenclator.
F. BECHTEL
# Canadian Singers and Their Songs/L. M. Montgomery MacDonald

L. M. MONTGOMERY MACDONALD
AUTHOR OF "THE WATCHMAN AND OTHER POEMS," " ANNE OF GREEN
GABLES," "RAINBOW VALLEY," ETC.
Love’s Prayer.
Beloved, this, the heart I offer thee,
Is purified from old idolatry,
From outworn hopes, and from the
lingering stain
Of passion's dregs by penitential
pain.
Take thou it, then, and fill it up
for me
With thy unstinted love, and it
shall be
An earthy chalice that is made
divine
By its red draught of sacramental
wine.
L.M. Montgomery
# Canadian Singers and Their Songs/Marjorie Pickthall

MARJORIE PICKTHALL
AUTHOR OF "THE DRIFT OF PINIONS AND OTHER POEMS," ETC.
On a Violet Leaf from Keats’ Grave. _______..______
After the sharp salt kiss, Blossom and thorn of grief, Time has no more than this,— A leaf.
Out of the battled years, The glory and the wrong, Time gives, for all our tears,— A song.
Is it of fragrance made, Woven and rhymed of light, The voice that from some shade Silvers the night?
When the last shadows slope And day's own rose is pale,— O love, immortal hope,— His nightingale!
Marjorie L. Pickthall.
# Canadian Singers and Their Songs/John Reade

JOHN READE, F.R.S.C.
AUTHOR OF "THE PROPHECY OF MERLIN AND OTHER POEMS," ETC.
The Wheat's Reward.
Out of the ground I rose; the seed seemed dead, But lo! a slim green arm pushed through the sod, And by and by before my maker, God, I stood full ripe. A voice cried: "Give us bread." The wind of God went by; I bowed my head, And one approached who held a curved knife, And for the life of men he took my life, And ever since by me are millions fed.
And then God spake these words: "O blessed weed, The lowly sister of the lily proud, Be thou my chosen messenger to shroud The mystery of my Son, the Woman's Seed. Thou dreadest not the sacrificial knife: Be thou to dying men the Bread of Life.
John Reade.
# Canadian Singers and Their Songs/Lilian Leveridge

LILIAN LEVERIDGE
AUTHOR OF "OVER THE HILLS OF HOME AND OTHER POEMS."
From "Over The Hills of Home"
Laddie! Laddie! Laddie! "Somewhere in France" you sleep, Somewhere 'neath alien flowers and alien winds that weep. Bravely you marched to battle, nobly your life laid down. You unto death were faithful, laddie, yours is the victor's crown.
Laddie! Laddie! Laddie! How dim is the sunshine grown, As mother and I together speak softly in tender tone! And the lips that quiver and falter have ever a single theme, As we list for your dear, lost whistle, laddie, over the hills of dream.
Laddie, beloved laddie! How soon should we cease to weep Could we glance through the golden gate- way whose keys the angels keep! Yet love, our love that is deathless, can follow you where you roam, Over the hills of God, laddie, the beautiful hills of Home.
—Lilian Leveridge.
# Canadian Singers and Their Songs/Katherine Hale

KATHERINE HALE (MRS. JOHN W. GARVIN)
AUTHOR OF "GREY KNITTING," "THE WHITE COMRADE," "THE NEW JOAN AND OTHER POEMS," ETC.
At Noon
Thou art my tower in the sun at noon, The shaft of shade upon my golden way,
In painted space the healing note of gray,
The undertone in nature's pagan rune; And like a wave lashed to the dying moon, When old desire is haunting its old prey, Thy strength subdues the forces that would slay, And soft withdrawal brings, all starry-strewn.
So doth the soul return to truth's strong tower, Pilgrim secure at last of its abode, Hearing that voice as beautiful as morn: 'Come to the heart of Silence, O my flower, Out from the colored heat, the gleaming road, Into the place where deathless light is born.'
Katherine Hale.
# Canadian Singers and Their Songs/Joseph Scriven

A VIEW (FROM A WATER-COLOR MADE IN 1849) OF THE LOG CHURCH AND
BURYING-GROUND ON THE PENGELLY FARM, RICE LAKE. HERE
JOSEPH SCRIVEN PREACHED FOR MANY YEARS, AND HERE HE
LIES BURIED. NO PORTRAIT OF HIM IS KNOWN TO EXIST.
"Pray without ceasing"
What a Friend we have in Jesus, All our sins and griefs to bear! What a privilege to carry Every thing to God in prayer!
Oh! What peace we often forfeit; Oh what needless pain we bear! All, because we do not carry Everything to God in prayer.
Have we trials, and temptations? Is there trouble everywhere? We should never be discouraged: Take it to the Lord in prayer?
Are we cold and unbelieving,
Cumbered with a load of care? Here the Lord is still our refuge: Take it to the Lord in prayer.
Joseph Scriven.
# Canadian Singers and Their Songs/Mary Josephine Benson

MARY JOSEPHINE BENSON
Noon-Day on Lake Ontario.
The Sun strode laughing through the unguarded Heavens. His darts that dealt mortality but yesterday to the clouds, Now idle, sportive, he shook at the fugitives herded on the horizon, Fainting afar to the limbo of forms forgotten. Oh, fiercely merry he rattled his half-full quiver And into the sea-broad lake, a sapphire fable, He spilled ten thousand arrow-heads of glory! So quenched he his ire and took his Victor's pleasure.
I saw the Lake leap up like Love's quick bosom At every barb's keen point a mortal splendour— A wound, a star, a diadem of rainbows! Ten thousand pangs the ecstatic water suffered, Ten thousand shafts rained down through panting ether, So marched the Conqueror—Wanton through his zenith.
Mary Josephine Benson.
# Canadian Singers and Their Songs/John Wilson Bengough

JOHN WILSON BENGOUGH
AUTHOR OF "MOTLEY," "IN MANY KEYS," ETC.
Sympathy
Beside the grave's new-rounded sod By some dear instinct close we come, Heart draws to heart, tho' we are dumb, And dumbly seek to share the rod. We do not know what is to be, We cannot guess, we cannot see; We can but stand and wait for God.
As when the winter tempests fall With blinding snow-wreaths on the steep, And clouds and darkness dread appall, What can they do, th'unknowing sheep, But gather close and silence keep, And listen for the Shepherd's call.
J. W. Bengough
# Canadian Singers and Their Songs/Norah M. Holland

NORAH M. HOLLAND
AUTHOR OF "SPUN YARN AND SPINDRIFT."
The End of the Road.
There's many a path your feet may take, O'er hill or vale or plain, By noisy streamlet or lonely lake Where only the winds a murmur make, And silence falls like rain.
____
But wherever the foot of man may go, Or shoulders bear their load, In joy or sorrow, in mirth or woe, There's an end to every road, we know, And God's at the end of the road.
Norah M. Holland
# Canadian Singers and Their Songs/Lloyd Roberts

LLOYD ROBERTS
AUTHOR OF "ENGLAND OVERSEAS."
On the Marshes
Out on the marsh in the misty rain, The air is full of the harsh refrain; The long swamps echo the beat of wings, The birds are back in the reeds again.
Down from the north they wing their way. Out of the east they cross the bay. From north and east they’re steering home To the island lands at the close of day.
Hid in the sea of reeds we lie And watch the wild geese driving by; And listen to the plover’s piping, The gray snipe’s thin and lonely cry.
All day over the tangled mass The marsh-birds wheel and scream and pass; The smoke hangs white in the broken rice; The feathers drift in the water-grass
Lloyd Roberts
# British Government

British Government.
The boasted equilibrium of this Government (so far as it is a reality) is maintained less by the distribution of its powers than by the force of public opinion. If the nation were in favor of absolute monarchy, the public liberty would soon be surrendered by their representatives. If a republican form of government were preferred, how could the monarch resist the national will? Were the public opinion neutral only, and the public voice silent, ambition in the House of Commons could wrest from him his prerogatives, or the avarice of its members might sell to him its privileges.
The provision required for the civil list at every accession of a king, shows at once his dependence on the representative branch and its dependence on the public opinion. Were this establishment to be made from year to year, instead of being made for life, (a change within the legislative power,) the monarchy, unless maintained by corruption, would dwindle into a name. In the present temper of the nation, however, they would obstruct such a change by taking side with their king against their representatives.
Those who ascribe the preservation of the British Government to the form in which its powers are distributed and balanced, forget the revolutions which it has undergone. Compare its primitive with its present form.
A king at the head of 7 or 800 barons, sitting together in their own right, or, (admitting another hypothesis,) some in their own right, others as representatives of a few lesser barons, but still sitting together as a single House, and the judges holding their offices during the pleasure of the King; such was the British Government at one period.
At present, a King, as seen at the head of a Legislature, consisting of two Houses, each jealous of the other, one sitting in their own right, the other representing the people; and the judges forming a distinct and independent department.
In the first case, the judiciary is annexed to the executive, and the Legislature not even formed into separate branches. In the second, the legislative, executive, and judiciary are distinct; and the legislative subdivided in rival branches.
What a contrast in these forms? If the latter be self-balanced, the former could have no balance at all. Yet the former subsisted as well as the latter, and lasted longer than the latter, dating it from 1688, has been tried.
The former was supported by the opinion and circumstances of the times, like many of the intermediate variations through which the Government has passed, and as will be supported the future forms through which it probably remains to be conducted by the progress of reason and change of circumstances.
January 28.
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# British King's message concerning Anglo-Irish Treaty

* related portals: United Kingdom, Ireland.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
The text of the telegram sent by the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland to his Prime Minister on 6 December 1921 following the signing of the Anglo-Irish Treaty on 6 December 1922 (Source: The Times of 7 December 1921).
I am overjoyed to hear the splendid news you have just sent me. I congratulate you with all my heart on the successful termination of these difficult and protracted negotiations, which is due to the patient and conciliatory spirit which you have shown throughout.
I am indeed happy in some small way to have contributed by my speech at Belfast to this great achievement.
GEORGE, R.I.
# British Labor Bids for Power/Chapter 10

10. China
"The whole British Trade Union Movement must rejoice at the revolt of the Chinese workers against the degrading conditions which have been made public during the past few months. There appears to be a repetition of the methods used in Great Britain by the employers over 100 years ago, when the workhouses were the recruiting ground for cheap labour, by the employment of little children. The whole ​Labour Movement was shocked to learn that under British rule little children are farmed out from their parents to employers at one to two Mexican dollars per month, i. e., from 2s. to 4s. per month, and are worked as long as 16 hours per day. These children often fall asleep at their work and many of them die young. Workers' wages range from 16s. to 80s. per month. The factories are mainly owned by British and Japanese.
"Attempts to form Trade Unions have met with similar treatment as was experienced in this country before the repeal of the Combination Acts in 1824, Meetings were broken up, the books destroyed, the officials interfered with under a policy of repression. These methods, together with the facts that the Chinese are denied any franchise in their most important towns and ports, being governed by the foreigner within their gates, local laws, taxes, etc., being imposed upon the Chinese people, who are denied a voice in their own local affairs, led inevitably to the revolt, which was fired by the killing of a Chinese workman by a Japanese foreman. Then followed the application of British Imperialist methods, viz., gunboats and armed forces, with the consequent shedding of blood.
"It is a significant reply to the British Government and their talk of protection of life and property that the Commission of Inquiry of the Diplomatic Corps at Pekin, which investigated the disturbances at Shanghai on May 30th, 1925, in their report recommended that the chairman of the Municipal Council at Shanghai, an American, should be censured and the British Chief of Police should be dismissed.
"I think Congress will agree with the General Council making it quite plain to the Government and the whole world that, being conscious of the fact that our British movement has won its way from such conditions of slavery as are being imposed in China to our present comparative or limited freedom, we are prepared, on behalf of the British Trade Union Movement, to raise our voice in condemnation of the atrocities committed by the British and other employers in China, and in wishing the Chinese people every success in their struggles against the employing and imperialist class in their country.
"The General Council, acting on instructions from the Hull Congress, have started upon an inquiry into conditions in Eastern countries, and hope to report to the movement the result of their investigations for consideration within the next few months.
# British Labor Bids for Power/Chapter 1

BRITISH LABOR BIDS FOR POWER
1. Making Labor History
During the mine crisis of July, 1925, British Transport Workers and Railway Workers stood solid with the Miners. Labor strategy, throughout the period, was determined by the General Council of the Trades Union Congress. British Labor, showing a solid front to British Capital and to the British Government, won its point in the face of as difficult an economic situation as recent times have produced. The success gave the whole British Labor Movement a new sense of the power that comes with Trade Union Unity.
Neither the leaders of British Labor nor the members of the rank and file have any illusions about the 1925 coal settlement. The issue was not met. It was merely postponed until May, 1926. But the episode tested the new Trade Union machinery set up by the Hull Congress in 1924, and the workers feel that, both in the coal dispute and in the woolen textile dispute which occurred at the same time, the machine stood the test.
British Labor won a breathing spell in July, 1925—not a victory. Conversations among workers, speeches at public meetings and articles in the labor press are filled with the warning: "Next May!" It is in May that the coal subsidy comes to an end, and the issue between miners and mine owners over a wage reduction will really be fought out. Meanwhile unemployment mounts and wage reductions continue in other trades.
British workers face a real issue. Leaders and members of the rank and file alike realize this. All are preparing to meet it, and on a national and international scale.
British Labor's executive and administrative machinery is centralized in the General Council of the Trades Union Congress. Organized in 1868 as an annual meeting of delegates from Trade Unions, with a Parliamentary (or executive) Committee, very limited in authority, dating from 1869, the Trades Union Congress has developed until it is now the recognized centre of Trade Union authority in Great Britain. Its General Council, organized in 1921, and vested with extensive powers in 1924, is rapidly becoming the General Staff of the British Trade Union Movement. It was the General Council that handled the coal and the woolen textile disputes in July, 1925; it was the General Council that engineered the Russian Trade Union Delegation and issued the Report on Russia that has gone all over the world in the past twelve months; it was the General Council ​that carried on such insistent negotiations for Trade Union Unity, through 1924, against the stubborn opposition of Oudegeest, Jouhaux, Mertens, and other Amsterdam officials; it is the General Council that is expected to formulate and direct Trade Union policy when the crisis comes in May, 1926.