OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bond, John (1612-1676)

​BOND, JOHN, LL.D. (1612–1676), puritan divine, was a member of an old Dorsetshire family which settled in that county in the reign of Henry VI, but was born at Chard, in Somersetshire (Ep. Dedicat. to Occasus Occident.) on 12 April 1612. His father was Dennis Bond [q. v.] He was educated at Dorchester under John White, and afterwards entered at St. Catharine's College, Cambridge. of which he became a fellow. He took his B.A. degree in 1631, became M.A. in 1635, and LL.D. ten years later. After leaving Cambridge he was for some time a lecturer at Exeter, and then succeeded his old master, White, as minister of the Savoy. In 1643 he became a member of the assembly of divines, and in December 1645 succeeded to the mastership of the Savoy. In the same year, Selden having declined the mastership of Trinity Hall, Dr. King was chosen by the fellows: but, parliament interposing on behalf of Bond he was elected master on 7 March 1646. Three years later he was made professor of law at Gresham College, London, and in 1654 became assistant to the commissioners of Middlesex and Westminster for ejecting scandalous ministers and schoolmasters He was appointed vice-chancellor of Cambridge University in 1658, but lost his preferments at Cambridge and London on the Restoration. He retired to Dorsetshire, where he died at Sandwich, in the Isle of Purbeck, and was buried at Steeple on 30 July 1676. He is thought by some to be identical with the John Bond who was member for Melcombe Regis in the last parliament of Charles I, recorder of Weymouth and Melcombe Regis in 1645 and subsequently a recruiter in that district for the Long parliament (Hutchins, Dorsetshire, ed. Ship and Hodson).
He published the following sermons:
* 'A Door of Hope,' 1641.
* 'Holy and Royal Activity,' 1641.
* 'Sermon at Exeter before the Deputy Lieutenants,' 1643.
* 'Salvation in a Mystery,' 1644.
* 'Ortus Occidentalis,' 1645.
* 'Grapes amongst Thorns,' 1648
* 'A Thanksgiving Sermon,' 1648.
[Wood's Athenæ Oxon. (ed. Bliss), 1817, ii. 115; Kennett's Register and Chron. Ecclesiastical and Civil, 1728, p. 222; Ward's Lives of the Gresham Coll. Professors, 1740, p. 247; Coker's Survey of Dorset shire, 1732, p. 49; Hutchins's History and Antiq. of Dorsetshire, ed. Ship and Hodson, 1861, i. 603, 607, ii. 438, 440, 451, 453; Willis's Notitia Parliament. ii. 437, iii. 244.]
A. R. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bonar, John (1747-1807)

1904 Errata appended.
​BONAR, JOHN, the younger (1747–1807), solicitor of excise, eldest son of John Bonar the elder [q. v.], minister of Cockpen, was born on 22 Aug. 1747, and died 1 April 1807. He was educated at the university of Edinburgh, entered the government service, and became first solicitor of excise in Scotland. He, along with William Creech, John Bruce (afterwards professor of logic in Edinburgh University), Henry Mackenzie (author of the ‘Man of Feeling’), and Mr. Belcher Invermay, founded the Speculative Society, now the chief debating society in the Edinburgh University. Lord Melville had a high opinion of his abilities, and placed great confidence in his judgment on all revenue questions. He wrote ‘Considerations on the proposed Application to His Majesty and parliament for the Establishment of a Licensed Theatre in Edinburgh,’ 1767. He was joint editor of a volume entitled ‘Miscellaneous Pieces of Poetry selected from various Eminent Authors, among which are interspersed a few Originals,’ 1765.
[Family papers in possession of Horatius Bonar, W.S., Edinburgh; History of the Speculative Society (1845).]
H. B-r.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.30 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 336 | ii | 30 | Bonar, John the younger: after excise insert in Scotland |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bonaventura, Thomasine

​BONAVENTURA, THOMASINE (d. 1510?), Cornish benefactress, was a peasant girl, born at Week St. Mary, five or six miles south of Baile, soon after the middle of the fifteenth century. She arrived, successively, ​three rich London merchants, the last being Sir John Percyvall, who in 1486 was sheriff, was knighted by Henry VII, and in 1498, the year of the marriage, was elected lord mayor of London. He died about 1504, and had a chantry in the church of St. Mary Woolnoth. Dame Percivall survived her third husband, and at his death retired to her native place, where she occupied herself in ‘repairing of highways, building of bridges, endowing of maidens, relieving of prisoners, feeding andappareling the poor,’ &c. (Carew). She also built and endowed a chantry and college there, of which some slight remains still exist, including the initial letter of her christian name over a doorway. Here ‘divers of the best gentlemen’s sons of Devon and Cornwall’ were educated. Her will is said to have been dated about the year 1510. The chantry was suppressed temp. Edward VI.
[Carew's History of Cornwall; Churchwardens’ Accounts of St. Mary Woolnoth in Gent. Mag. xiii. 41 (1854); Herbert's History of the Livery companies of London; Hawker's Footprints of Men of Former Times in Cornwall.]
W. H. T.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bond, John Linnell

​BOND, JOHN LINNELL (1766–1837), architect, was educated at the Royal Academy, where he gained a gold medal in 1786. He occasionally exhibited at the academy up to 1797. After devoting some years to the study of ancient architecture in Italy and Greece commenced the practice of his profession in London, and designed several large mansions. He also prepared the architectural design for Waterloo Bridge. To the 'Literary Gazette' he contributed a number of papers on architectural subjects. He was well versed in the classics and left behind him a translation of Vitruvius. He died in Newman Street, 6 Nov. 1837.
[Gent. Mag. new ser. viii. 655; Literary Gazette for 1837, p. 724; Redgrave's Dictionary of Artists of the English School, pp. 46-7.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bambridge, Thomas

Contains John Huggins (fl. 1729).
​BAMBRIDGE, THOMAS (fl. 1729), warden of the Fleet prison, is notorious for atrocious cruelties to the prisoners under his charge. By profession Bambridge was an attorney. In August 1728 John Huggins sold the office of warden of the Fleet to Bambridge and Dougal Cuthbert for 5,000l. A committee was appointed by the House of Commons on the motion of James Oglethorpe on 25 Feb. 1728-9 to inquire into the state of the gaols of the kingdom, which had been for a long time a disgrace to the country'. On the 28th the chairman reported to the house that Bambridge had treated the order of its committee with contempt, and it was thereupon ordered that he should be taken into custody. On 20 March the report of the committee was read, and it was resolved by the house, 'That Thomas Bambridge, the acting warden of the prison of the Fleet, hath wilfully permitted several debtors of the crown in great sums of money, as well as debtors to divers of his majesty's subjects, to escape; hath been guilty of the most notorious breaches of his trust, great extortions, and the highest crimes and misdemeanours in the execution of his said office ​and hath arbitrarily and unlawfully loaded with irons, put into dungeons, and destroyed prisoners for debt, under his charge, treating them in the most barbarous and cruel manner, in high violation and contempt of the laws of this kingdom,' At the same time it was resolved to petition the king to direct the prosecution of Bambridge, and ordered that he should be forthwith committed to Newgate. An act was also passed (2 Geo. II, cap. 32) to enable the king to grant the office of warden to some other person and to incapacitate Bambridge from enjoying that office or any other whatever. On 22 May 1729 Bambridge was tried at the Old Bailey for the murder of Robert Castell (one of the Fleet prisoners), but was acquitted. He continued in prison until 25 Oct., when he was admitted to bail. In the following year he was tried on appeal for the murder of Robert Castell, but was again acquitted. He was afterwards prosecuted in several actions at the suit of John Huggins, the former warden, and was imprisoned in the Fleet himself for some little time. Some twenty years after this it is said that he committed suicide. Hogarth made the examination of Bambridge before the committee of the House of Commons the subject of one of his early pictures. The faces are said to be all portraits, and no doubt the painter had unusual facilities for making this picture, as Sir James Thornhill was a member of the committee.
[Hansard's Parliamentary History, viii. 706-764; Historical Register, 1729, xiv. 157-175; Political State of Great Britain, 1729, xxxvii. 203, 359-77, 459, 463-5, 484-6, xxxviii. 80-1; Howells State Trials (1813), xvii. 297-310, 383-462; Chambers's Book of Days (1864), i. 466-7; Knight's London (1843), iv. 42-8; Biographical Anecdotes of William Hogarth (1785), pp. 18-19.]
G. F. R. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bampfield, Coplestone

​BAMPFIELD, Sir COPLESTONE (1636–1691), the eldest son of Sir John Bampfield (created baronet in 1641), of Poltimore, Devon, was born at that place in 1636. He was sent to Corpus Christi College, Oxford, and distinguished himself, according to Prince in his 'Worthies of Devon,' by his 'splendid way of living,' and by his munificent present of plate. On settling in his native county he took an active part in promoting the restoration of Charles II. When the gentlemen of Devon met at Exeter in 1659 and declared for a free parliament, Sir Coplestone Bampfield was one of the number. When Monk advanced into England with his army, Sir Coplestone presented to him a petition for right on behalf of the county, and for this action was confined to the Tower for a short time. In the parliament summoned for 27 Jan. 1659, he was member for Tiverton; and from 1671 to 1679, and from 1685 to 1687, he sat for his native county. He was one of the twenty-seven Devonshire justices who determined, in 1681, to put the laws in execution against all dissenters, and next year he joined with those who expressed their desire to harass the dissenting ministers in boroughs. Under James II he was ejected from the commission of the peace, but he was so dissatisfied with the succeeding government that he refused the payment of any new-made rates and taxes, and they were levied on his goods. He died at Warlegh, not far from Plymouth, in 1691, and was buried at Poltimore. His first wife was Margaret, daughter of F. Bulkeley, of Burgate, Hampshire; his second wife was Jane, daughter of Sir Courtenay Pole. His grandson succeeded him in the baronetcy. The family name is now spelt 'Bampfylde,' and his descendant, Sir George Warwick Bampfylde, was in 1831 created Baron Poltimore.
[Prince's Worthies, pp. 121–5; Burke's Peerage; Hamilton's Quarter Sessions, Elizabeth to Anne, pp. 185, 191.]
W. P. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bambridge, Christopher

​BAMBRIDGE, CHRISTOPHER, cardinal. [See Bainbridge.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bampfield, Francis

​BAMPFIELD, FRANCIS (d. 1683), divine, was the third son of John Bampfield, of Poltimore, Devon, and brother of Sir John, first baronet. He was from his birth designed for the ministry by his parents (A Name, an After One, p. 7). In 1631, at about the age of sixteen, he entered Wadham College, Oxford, where he remained seven or eight years, taking his M.A. degree in 1638. He was ordained in 1641, and preferred to a living in Dorsetshire, worth about 100l. a year. This sum he spent upon his parishioners, supplying his own wants out of a small private income. He was also collated to a prebend in Exeter Cathedral, in which he was reinstated at the Restoration. A conviction that the church stood in urgent need of reform induced him to take steps distasteful to his parishioners, and, after much solicitation, he accepted the less valuable living of Sherborne. Here he remained until, in 1662, the Act of Uniformity drove him from his preferments. In the September of that year he was arrested at home, and compelled to find sureties for his good behaviour. Soon afterwards he was again arrested, and detained for nearly nine years in Dorchester gaol. At his discharge in 1675, he travelled through several counties preaching, and finally settled in London. After ministering in private for some time, he gathered a congregation of Sabbatarian Baptists at Pinners' Hall, Broad Street. Whilst conducting service there, in February 1682–3, he was arrested and carried before the lord mayor. After several appearances at the Old Bailey sessions, Bampfield was convicted and returned to Newgate, where he died on 16 Feb. 1683–4. Large crowds of sympathisers attended his funeral at the Anabaptists' burial-ground in Aldersgate Street. His works are:
* 'The Judgment of Mr. Francis Bampfield for the Observation of the Jewish or Seventh-day Sabbath,' 1672.
* 'All in One: All Useful Sciences and Profitable Arts in the One Book of Jehovah Elohim,' 1677.
* 'A Name, an After One,' 1681.
* 'The House of Wisdom,' 1681.
* 'The Lord's Free Prisoner,' 1683.
* 'A Just Appeal from the Lower Courts on Earth to the Highest Court in Heaven,' 1683.
* 'A Continuation of the former Just Appeal,' 1683.
* 'The Holy Scripture the Scripture of Truth,' 1684.
[The Conformist's Fourth Plea for Nonconformity, 1683, p. 44; Crosby's History of the English Baptists, 1738–40, i. 363, ii. 355, iii. 7; Calamy's Nonconformists' Memorial, ed. Palmer, 1802, ii. 149; Hutchins's Hist. and Antiq. of Dorset, 1774, ii. 385; Wood's Athenæ Oxon. (Bliss), iv. 126]
A. R. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bampfield, Thomas

1904 Errata appended.
​BAMPFIELD, THOMAS (fl. 1658), speaker of the House of Commons, was son of John Bampfield, of Poltimore in Devon, and brother of Sir John, the first baronet. He was recorder of Exeter, and represented that city in Oliver Cromwell's parliaments of 1654 and 1656. In Richard Cromwell's parliament of 1658 he was again returned for Exeter, and on 18 May, 'Mr. Chute the speaker being so infirm that he could not attend the serving of the house, and Sir Lislebone Long, who was chosen to execute the office for him, being actually dead, the house was obliged to go to another election, when Mr. T. Bampfield was unanimously chosen to succeed him, and Mr. Chute dying soon after, the other continued speaker to the end of the parliament' (Parl. Hist. iii. col. 1542). His tenure of office was brought to a close by the dissolution of 22 April 1659.
In the convention parliament of 1660, Bampfield, having been returned both for Exeter and Tiverton, chose to sit for his old constituency. He took an active part in the proceedings of this parliament. He opposed the impeachment of Drake for publishing a pamphlet entitled 'The Long Parliament revived.' On 12 Sept. he moved 'that the king should be desired to marry, and that it should be to a protestant.' After an interesting debate the motion dropped. Bampfield did not sit in the parliament of the following year. He was uncle of Sir Coplestone Bampfield [q. v.].
[Manning's Lives of the Speakers of the House of Commons, p. 338; Parliamentary History, iii. iv.; Whitelocke's Memorials, iv. 341, 342, Oxford ed.]
W. H.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.14 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 103 | i | 8 | Bampfield, Thomas: for (fl. 1658) read (d. 1693) |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bampfylde, Coplestone Warre

​BAMPFYLDE, COPLESTONE WARRE (d. 1791), landscape painter, was the only son of John Bampfylde, M.P. for Devonshire. He resided at Hestercombe in Somersetshire, and exhibited his works at the Society of Artists, the Free Society of Artists, and the Royal Academy between the years 1763 and 1783. Two views of Stour Head in Wiltshire have been engraved after him by Vivares, and 'The Storm' by Benazech. He etched a few landscapes, and made some humorous designs for the illustration of Christopher Anstey's 'Election Ball' which were etched by William Hassel, and published at Bath in 1776 in an 'Epistola Poetica Familiaris' addressed by Anstey to Bampfylde. He was for some time colonel of the Somersetshire militia, and died at Hestercombe on 29 Aug. 1791.
[Bryan's Dictionary of Painters and Engravers (ed. Graves), 1885.]
R. E. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bampfylde, John Codrington

1904 Errata appended.
​BAMPFYLDE, JOHN CODRINGTON (1764–1796), poet, was second son of Sir Richard Warwick Bampfylde, of Poltimore, Devonshire. He was born on 27 Aug. 1764, educated at Cambridge, and published in 1778 'Sixteen Sonnets.' William Jackson, a well-known musician of Exeter, told Southey that Bampfylde lived as a youth in a farmhouse at Chudleigh, whence he used to walk over to show Jackson his poetical compositions. He went to London and fell into dissipation. He proposed to Miss Palmer, niece of Sir Joshua Reynolds, afterwards Marchioness Thomond, to whom the sonnets are dedicated. His mother, Lady Bampfylde, sat to Sir Joshua in April 1777; and one of her sons, probably John, in January 1779. Sir Joshua, however, disapproved the match, and closed his door to Bampfylde, who thereupon broke Sir Joshua's windows and was sent to Newgate. Jackson coming to town soon after found that his mother had got him out of prison, but that he was living in the utmost squalor in a disreputable house. Jackson induced his family to help him, but he soon had to be confined in a private madhouse, whence he emerged many years later, only to die of consumption about 1796.
Bampfylde's poems consist of the sonnets above mentioned, with two short poems added by Southey and one by Park. Southey called them 'some of the most original in our language.' They give, at any rate, fresh natural descriptions.
[Southey's Specimens of Later English Poets (1807), iii. 434; Brydges' Censura Lit. (1816), vii. 309; Letter from Southey in Brydges' Autobiography (1834), ii. 257; Works in Park's British Poets (1808), vol. xli.; British Poets (Chiswick, 1822), lxxiii. 183–96; Routledge's British Poets (1863) (with Thomson, Beattie, and West); Selections in Dyce's Specimens of English Sonnets (1833), 140–50; D. M. Main's Treasury of English Sonnets (1880), pp. 393–4.]
L. S.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.14 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| | ii | 17 f.e. | Bampfylde, John C.: for vii. 309 read iv. 301 |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Baly, William

​BALY, WILLIAM, M.D. (1814–1861), physician, was born at King's Lynn, Norfolk, in 1814, and educated in the grammar school there. In 1831 he entered as a pupil University College, London, and in 1832 St. Bartholomew's Hospital. In 1834, after passing the College of Surgeons and the Apothecaries' Hall, Baly went to Paris, after a winter's study there, to Heidelberg, and thence to Berlin, where he graduated M.D. in 1836. On his return to England he started in practice in Vigo Street, London, removing subsequently to Devonshire Street, and finally to Brook Street. In 1840, he reported on the state of the Millbank Penitentiary, and in 1841 he was appointed physician to that establishment. He often acted as a principal adviser of the government on the hygiene of prisons. The chief results of his studies at the prison are comprised in his numerous reports, but more especially in an elaborate paper on the 'Diseases of Prisons' in vol. xxviii. of the 'Medico-Chirurgical Transactions,' and in his 'Gulstonian Lectures on Dysentery,' 1847. In addition to the minute knowledge which these lectures show of dysentery proper, they prove that Baly was the first to observe the fact that dysenteric sloughs in the large intestine may be associated with the true ulcers of enteric fever in the small intestine. To the same studies also may be referred much of the knowledge displayed in his 'Report on Cholera,' written at the desire of the College of Physicians. In 1841 Dr. Baly became lecturer on forensic medicine at St. Bartholomew's Hospital. In 1846 he was admitted a fellow of the College of Physicians, and in 1847 a fellow of the Royal Society. In 1854 he became assistant-physician to St. Bartholomew's Hospital, and in 1855, in conjunction with Dr. (now Sir) George Burrows, lecturer on medicine there. In 1859, when a physician was required who might share with Sir James Clark the office of regular attendant on the queen and royal family, Dr. Baly was selected as the fittest person. Afterwards he discharged the duties of censor of the College of Physicians, and he was nominated to a seat on the medical council as one of the representatives of the crown in the place of Sir James Clark. Dr. Baly had come to be regarded as one of the brightest ornaments of the medical profession when his career was brought to a sudden and tragical end, for on 28 Jan. 1861 he was crushed to death in a railway accident on the South-Western line near Wimbledon.
Besides the above-mentioned works he published:
* A translation from the German of Müller's 'Elements of Physiology,' 2 vols. 1837.
* 'Recent Advances in the Physiology of Motion, the Senses, Generation, and Development. Being a supplement to the 2nd vol. of Professor Müller's "Elements of Physiology,"' London, 1848, 8vo (conjointly with William Senhouse Kirkes).
* 'Reports on Epidemic Cholera,' 2 parts, London, 1854, 8vo (conjointly with Dr. (now Sir) W. W. Gull).
[Lancet, i. 122, 147; Annual Register, 1861, chronicle 13; Cat. of Printed Books in Brit. Mus.]
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Clay, James

1904 Errata appended.
​CLAY, JAMES (1805–1873), writer on whist, was born in London in 1805. His father, a merchant in the city of London, was brother of Sir William Clay, M.P. for the Tower Hamlets [q. v.] Clay was educated at Winchester. In 1830, in company with Benjamin Disraeli, who maintained to the end a close friendship with him, he travelled in the East. In 1837 he contested Beverley, and in 1841 Hull, unsuccessfully. In 1847 he was elected as a liberal for Hull, for which borough he sat until his death, which took place in 1873 at Regency Square, Brighton. He married the daughter of General Woolrych, one of Wellington's generals, and had a family, the best known of whom are Ernest Clay (who had a distinguished diplomatic career, and on his marriage with the daughter of Mr. Ker Seymer, formerly member for Worcestershire, took after his own name that of Ker Seymer), Frederick Clay, the musician, and Cecil Clay, well known in literary and artistic circles. Clay was chiefly eminent as a whist-player. 'A Treatise on the Game of Whist, by J. C.,' affixed to J. L. Baldwin's 'Laws of Short Whist' (London, 1804), has gone through many editions, and retains its authority in this country and in America. Some refinements which have come in, such as the lead from the penultimate and the discard from a strong suit when the adversaries show strength in trumps, secured his adhesion, and have been added to later editions by the author's sons. In the 'Correspondence of Lord Beaconsfield' are many friendly references to Clay. In a letter from Malta, dated 27 Sept. 1830 (Home Letters, pp. 58-9), Disraeli speaks of Clay's life of 'splendid adventure,' and, afer chronicling his various triumphs, appends the characteristic reflection: 'To govern men you must either excel them in their accomplishments or despise them. Clay does one, I do the other, and we are both equally popular.'
J. K.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.69 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 8 | i | 8 f.e. | Clay, James: after he sat insert till he was unseated on petition in 1853, and then from 1857 |
| | | 7 f.e. | for in 1873 read on 26 Sept. 1873 |