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# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Johann Peter Friedrich Ancillon

See also Friedrich Ancillon on Wikipedia; Friedrich Ancillon at Wikipedia, Johann Peter Friedrich Ancillon in the 11th Edition; and the disclaimer.
ANCILLON, Johann Peter Friedrich, a historian and Prussian statesman, one of the family of French Pro testant refugees noticed above, was born at Berlin, 30th April 1766, and died there, 19th April 1837. Descended from a family of divines, he early selected the ecclesiastical profession, and studied theology first at Berlin and then at Geneva. Shortly after finishing his course he was appointed minister to the French community at Berlin, as well as professor of history in the military academy, and he attracted attention even at court by the eloquence of his style. In 1 793 he visited Switzerland and, a few years after,. France, the details of his journeys and observations being, published on his return. He was a frequent and able contributor to the literary journals of the period, and in 1801 appeared as the author of Literary and Philosophical Miscellanies, revealing a shrewd, philosophic cast of mind. Ancillon took rank among the most famous historians of his day by his next work, A Picture of Political Revolu tions in Europe since the 15th Century, which gained him the eulogium of the Institute of France, and admission to- the Eoyal Academy of Berlin. It is unfortunate that this work was never finished, for it is one of the ablest and most philosophical on the subject. The merits of Ancillon were not overlooked. He was appointed tutor to the prince royal of Prussia and his cousin in 1806, by Frederic William III., and received various appointments from the- Government. In 1814 he accompanied the princes to Paris, and there became acquainted with Guizot, De Broglie, and other persons of eminence. After completing the term of his office as tutor, he was attached to the department of foreign affairs, and made a counsellor of state. He took an active part in many diplomatic transactions, rendering his country some signal services, and securing more and more the confidence of the court. Soon after the revolution of July 1830, he was made minister of foreign affairs, with the entire control of the whole department; and he retained the title of minister of state till his death. Besides the works already mentioned, he published, in 1817, New Literary and Philosophical Miscellanies; in 1819, The Science of Politics ; in 1824, Objects of Faith and Knoidedge in Philosophy; in 1829, Thoughts on Man his Relations and Interests; and a number of other works on politics and philosophy.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Johann Gottfried Gruber

See also Johann Gottfried Gruber on Wikipedia; Johann Gottfried Gruber on Wikipedia, Gruber in the 11th edition; and the disclaimer.
​GRUBER, Johann Gottfried (1774-1851), a learned German author, was born at Naumburg on the Saale, 29th November 1774. He received his education at the town school of Naumburg and the university of Leipsic, after which he resided successively at Gottingen, Leipsic, Jena, and Weimar, occupying himself partly in teaching and partly in various literary enterprises, and enjoying in Weimar the friendship of Herder, Wieland, and Goethe. In 1811 he was appointed professor at the university of Wittenberg, and after the division of Saxony he was sent by the senate to Berlin in connexion with the negotiations for the union of the university of Wittenberg to that of Halle. After the union was effected he became in 1815 professor of philosophy at Halle. On the death of Hufeland he was associated with Ersch in the editorship of the great work Allgemeine Encyklopadie der Wissenschaften iind Kiinste ; and after the death of Ersch he continued the first section from vol. xviii. to vol. liv. He also succeeded Ersch in the editorship of the Allgemeine Liter aturzeitunj. He died 7th August 1851.
Gruber was the author of a large number of works, the principal of which are Charaktcristik Herders, in conjunction with Danz, Leipsic, 1805; Gcschichte dcs Mcnschliclicn Geschlcchts, 2 vols., Leipsic, 1806; Wortcrlucli der Altclassischtn Mythologie, 3 vols., Weimar, 1810-15; Widands Lcbcn, 2 parts, Weimar, 1815-16; and Klopstocks Lebcn, Weimar, 1832. A completed biography of Wieland was prefixed to Gruber s edition of Widand s Sammtliclie Werke, Leipsic, 1818-28.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Johann Müller

See also Regiomontanus on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
MÜLLER, Johann (1436–1476). See Regiomontanus.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Johann Nikolaus von Hontheim

See also Johann Nikolaus von Hontheim on Wikipedia; Johann Nikolaus von Hontheim on Wikipedia; Johann Nikolaus von Hontheim in the 11th Edition; and the disclaimer.
HONTHEIM, Johann Nikolaus von (1701–1790), a zealous opponent of Ultramontanism, was born at Treves, January 27, 1701. After receiving his early education at the Jesuit college of his native town, he studied jurisprudence both there and at Louvain and Leyden. On obtaining the degree of doctor of laws at Treves in 1724 he took the ecclesiastical habit, and went to Rome in order to make himself acquainted with the forms of the curia. Returning to Treves in 1728, he was appointed ecclesiastical councillor of the consistory, in 1732 professor of law, in 1741 privy councillor of the archbishop, and in 1748 suffragan of the see. In 1750 he published at Treves Historia Trevirensis diplomatica, and in 1763, under the pseudonym of Justinus Febronius, De Statu ecclesiæ et legitima potestate Romani Pontificis liber singularis, in which he maintained the Gallican theory that the supreme authority of the church was vested not in the pope but in the general council. This work he in perfect simplicity and sincerity dedicated to Pope Clement XIII., who, however, condemned it and caused it to be burned at Rome. When Hontheim was discovered to be the author he was induced to make a retractation, but in his Febronius abbreviatus et emendatus (Vienna, 1771) and Febronii commentarius (Vienna, 1781) he nevertheless gave further currency to his old views. He died at Montquintin, Luxembourg, September 2, 1790.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Johann Jakob Grynæus

See also Johann Jakob Grynaeus on Wikipedia; Johann Jakob Grynaeus on Wikipedia, Johann Jakob Grynaeus in the 11th edition; and the disclaimer.
​GRYNÆUS, or Gryner, Johann Jakob (1540-1617), a learned theologian of the period immediately succeeding the Reformation, was born, October 1, 1540, at Bern, where his father Thomas, nephew of Simon Grynaeus, was at that time a teacher of theology, was educated at Basel, and in 1559 received an appointment as curate to his father who had become pastor of Roteln in Baden. In 1563 he proceeded to Tubingen for the purpose of completing his theological studies, and in 1565 he re turned to Roteln as successor to his father. Here, as the result of much reading and reflexion, he felt com pelled to abjure the Lutheran doctrine of the Lord s Supper, and to renounce the Formula Concordice. Called in 1575 to the chair of Old Testament exegesis at Basel, he became involved in unpleasant controversy with Simon Sulzer and other champions of Lutheran orthodoxy; and in 1584 he was glad to accept an invitation to Heidelberg, where two years were spent. Returning to Basel in 1586 as autistes or superintendent of the church there, he exerted for upwards of twenty-five years a very considerable influence upon both the church and the state affairs of that com munity, and acquired a wide reputation as a skilful theo logian of the school of Zwingli. Five years before his death, which occurred August 13, 1617, he had the mis fortune to become totally blind, but he continued to preach and lecture to the last.
His numerous works include commentaries on various books of the Old and New Testament, Tkcologica thcorcmata et prdblcmata (1588), and a collection of patristic literature entitled Monumcnta S. Patrum Orthodoxographa (2 vols. fol., 1569).
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Johann Nikolaus Götz

See also Johann Nikolaus Götz on Wikipedia; Johann Nikolaus Götz on Wikipedia; Johann Nikolaus Götz in the 11th Edition; and the disclaimer.
GÖTZ, Johann Nikolaus (1721–1781), a minor German poet, born at Worms, 9th July 1721, studied theology at Halle (1739–1742), where he became intimate with Gleim and Uz, acted for some years as military chaplain, and afterwards filled various other ecclestiastical offices. He died at Winterberg, 4th November 1781. The writings of Götz consist of a number of short lyrics and several translations, of which the best is a rendering of Anacreon. His original compositions are light, lively, and sparkling, and are animated rather by French wit than by German depth of sentiment. They give easy expression to some unexpected whim or conceit, and, though utterly destitute of depth or force, are yet very pretty specimens of elegant trifling. Of that sort of work it would be difficult to find more favourable examples than Thamire an die Rosen and An eine Romansleserin. See Götz’s collected works, with biography by Ramler (Mannheim, 1785, new ed., 1807); also J. H. Voss, Briefe über Götz und Ramler (Mannheim, 1809).
# Europe in China/Index

INDEX.
# Executive Order 13205

more info.
See the Notes section for a list of Executive Orders affected by or related to the issuance of this Executive Order.
Signed by President George W. Bush Friday, March 9, 2001
Federal Register page & date: 66 FR 15011, Wednesday, March 14, 2001
Executive Order 13205 of March 9, 2001
Establishing an Emergency Board to Investigate a Dispute Between Northwest Airlines, Inc., and Its Employees Represented by the Aircraft Mechanics Fraternal Association
A dispute exists between Northwest Airlines, Inc., and its employees represented by the Aircraft Mechanics Fraternal Association.
The dispute has not heretofore been adjusted under the provisions of the Railway Labor Act, as amended (45 U.S.C. 151-188) (the "Act").
In the judgment of the National Mediation Board, this dispute threatens substantially to interrupt interstate commerce to a degree that would deprive sections of the country of essential transportation service.
Now, Therefore, by the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States, including sections 10 and 201 of the Act (45 U.S.C. 160 and 181), it is hereby ordered as follows:
Section 1.Establishment of Emergency Board ("Board").
    There is established, effective March 12, 2001, a Board of three members to be appointed by the President to investigate this dispute. No member shall be pecuniarily or otherwise interested in any organization of airline employees or any air carrier. The Board shall perform its functions subject to the availability of funds.
Sec. 2.Report.
    The Board shall report to the President with respect to this dispute within 30 days of its creation.
Sec. 3.Maintaining Conditions.
    As provided by section 10 of the Act, from the date of the creation of the Board and for 30 days after the Board has submitted its report to the President, no change in the conditions out of which the dispute arose shall be made by the parties to the controversy, except by agreement of the parties.
Sec. 4.Record Maintenance.
    The records and files of the Board are records of the Office of the President and upon the Board's termination shall be maintained in the physical custody of the National Mediation Board.
Sec. 5.Expiration.
    The Board shall terminate upon the submission of the report provided for in sections 2 and 3 of this order.

## Notes

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### See Related

* None Available
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Executive Order 1320

more info.
Signed by President William H. Taft Thursday, March 16, 1911
IV PCR 251, April 5, 1911
Under authority vested in me by law, and until otherwise provided by law or ordered, Thomas E. Brown, Jr., is appointed an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Canal Zone, at a salary of six thousand dollars ($6,000) per annum, effective the day he enters on the duties of the office.
The White House, March 16, 1911.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Executive Order 13203

more info.
See the Notes section for a list of Executive Orders affected by or related to the issuance of this Executive Order.
Signed by President George W. Bush Saturday, February 17, 2001
Federal Register page & date: 66 FR 11227, Thursday, February 22, 2001
Executive Order 13203 of February 17, 2001
Revocation of Executive Order and Presidential Memorandum Concerning Labor-Management Partnerships
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, it is hereby ordered that:
Section 1. Executive Order 12871 of October 1, 1993, as amended by Executive Orders 12983 and 13156, which established the National Partnership Council and requires Federal agencies to form labor-management partnerships for management purposes, is revoked. Among other things, therefore, the National Partnership Council is immediately dissolved.
Sec. 2. The Presidential Memorandum of October 28, 1999, entitled "Reaffirmation of Executive Order 12871 - Labor-Management Partnerships" (the "Memorandum"), which reaffirms and expands upon the requirements of Executive Order 12871 of October 1, 1993, is also revoked.
Sec. 3. The Director of the Office of Personnel Management and heads of executive agencies shall promptly move to rescind any orders, rules, regulations, guidelines, or policies implementing or enforcing Executive Order 12871 of October 1, 1993, or the Memorandum, to the extent consistent with law.
Sec. 4. Nothing in this order shall abrogate any collective bargaining agreements in effect on the date of this order.

## Notes

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### Revokes

* Executive Order 12871, October 1, 1993
* Presidential Memorandum of October 28, 1999

### See Related

* Executive Order 12983, December 21, 1995;
* Executive Order 13156, May 17, 2000
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Executive Order 132

more info.
Signed by President William McKinley Friday, July 13, 1900
Consular court fees and fines imposed and collected by consular courts are hereby declared to be official. They are to be used to defray the expenses of the consular courts, and detailed accounts of receipts and expenditures are to be rendered to the Secretary of State on the 30th of June of each year. Any surplus remaining at the end of the year, after the expenses of the courts have been paid, is to be turned into the Treasury.
All portions of the Executive order of July 29, 1897, and the consular regulations in conflict with this order are hereby amended.
July 13, 1900.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Executive Order 13200

more info.
See the Notes section for a list of Executive Orders affected by or related to the issuance of this Executive Order.
Signed by President George W. Bush Sunday, February 11, 2001
Federal Register page & date: 66 FR 10183, Wednesday, February 14, 2001
Executive Order 13200 of February 11, 2001
President's Information Technology Advisory Committee, Further Amendment to Executive Order 13035, as Amended
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including the High-Performance Computing Act of 1991 (Public Law 102-194), as amended by the Next Generation Internet Research Act of 1998 (Public Law 105-305), and in order to extend the life of the President's Information Technology Advisory Committee so that it may continue to carry out its responsibilities, it is hereby ordered that Executive Order 13035 of February 11, 1997, as amended by Executive Orders 13092 and 13113 ("Executive Order 13035, as amended"), is further amended as follows:
    Section 4(b) of Executive Order 13035, as amended, is further amended by deleting "February 11, 2001 and inserting "June 1, 2001," in lieu thereof.

## Notes

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### Amends

* Executive Order 13035, February 11, 1997

### See Related

* Executive Order 13092, July 24, 1998;
* Executive Order 13113, February 10, 1999;
* Executive Order 13215, May 31, 2001
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Executive Order 13204

more info.
See the Notes section for a list of Executive Orders affected by or related to the issuance of this Executive Order.
Signed by President George W. Bush Saturday, February 17, 2001
Federal Register page & date: 66 FR 11228, Thursday, February 22, 2001
Executive Order 13204 of February 17, 2001
Revocation of Executive Order on Nondisplacement of Qualified Workers Under Certain Contracts
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, it is hereby ordered that:
Section 1. Executive Order 12933 of October 20, 1994, which requires, with respect to contracts for public buildings, that successive contractors offer a right of first refusal of employment to employees of the prior contractor, is revoked.
Sec. 2. The Secretary of Labor (Secretary), the Federal Acquisition Regulatory Council, and heads of executive agencies shall promptly move to rescind any orders, rules, regulations, guidelines, or policies implementing or enforcing Executive Order 12933 of October 20, 1994, to the extent consistent with law.
Sec. 3. The Secretary shall terminate, effective today, any investigations or other compliance actions based on Executive Order 12933 of October 20, 1994.

## Notes

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### Revokes

* Executive Order 12933, October 20, 1994

### Revoked by

* Executive Order 13495, January 30, 2009
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Santa Cruz

See also Saint Croix on Wikipedia; Santa Cruz (disambiguation) on Wikipedia; Santa Cruz in the 11th Edition; and the disclaimer.
SANTA CRUZ. See Saint Croix. For Santa Cruz de Santiago see Canary Islands, vol. iv. p. 799; and for Santa Cruz or Nitendi Island see New Hebrides, vol. xvii. p. 395.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Santa Fé de Bogotá

See also Bogotá on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
SANTA FÉ DE BOGOTÁ. See Bogotá.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/San Nicolas de Aviles

See also Avilés on Wikipedia; Avilés on Wikipedia, Aviles in the 11th edition; and the disclaimer.
AVILES, San Nicolas de (the Latin Flavionavia), a town of Spain, in the province of Oviedo, about a league from the sea-coast, in lat. 43° 34′ N., long. 5° 58′ W. It has a considerable trade by means of its port, which affords good anchorage for all classes of vessels. There are here some copper works and coal mines, and the stone quarries are extensive and productive. Aviles has two parish churches, a theatre, and a public school. Population, 3297.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Santa Maria

See also Capua on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer. For the island sometimes known as Santa Maria, see Azores.
​SANTA MARIA. See Capua.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Sarah Margaret Fuller

See also Margaret Fuller on Wikipedia; Sarah Margaret Fuller on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
FULLER, Sarah Margaret. See Ossoli.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/San José (California)

See also San Jose, California on Wikipedia; the 11th edition; and the disclaimer.
SAN JOSÉ, a city of the United States, capital of Santa Clara county, California, lies 40 miles south-east of San Francisco and 8 miles from the southern end of San Francisco Bay, in the heart of the beautiful Santa Clara Valley. It is at this point that the railways from the two sides of the bay meet. The main part of the city occupies a gently rising plateau between the Coyote and Guadalupe rivers. Among the principal buildings are a fine court-house, a theatre, a city-hall, two markets, a music-hall, the State normal school, the Methodist “university of the Pacific,” and a number of large colleges and schools. Besides three public parks in the city San José possesses a tract of 400 acres in Penitencia Cañon, 7 miles east, reserved for a similar purpose. The Lick Observatory (founded in 1884 on the top of Mount Hamilton) is 12 miles distant, and the Almaden quicksilver mines about 14 miles. The population of the city was 9089 in 1870, and 12,567 (township 18,103) in 1880.
Founded by the Spanish missionaries in 1777, San José remained a small village of adobe huts till the annexation of the country to the United States. The first session of the legislature of California was held in the town in 1849-50.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Santa Fé (1.)

See also Santa Fe, Argentina on Wikipedia; Santa Fe on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
SANTA FÉ, a city of the Argentine Republic, capital of the province of Santa Fé (38,600 square miles; 189,000 inhabitants), occupies an area of 400 acres, 90 miles north of Rosario, on the north-east or left bank of the Rio Salado at its junction with the Paraná, in a district subject to periodical inundations. It is the seat of the governor, the bishop, and the legislature, and contains a cathedral, a Jesuits' church (1654) and college (the latter an important institution with 400 boarders), a new bishop's palace, a town-hall (with a fine tower), extensive infantry barracks, and a large market. A foundry, a macaroni-factory, oil-factories, and tile-works are the chief industrial establishments. The population in 1881 was 10,400, a decrease since 1869. Santa Fé was founded in 1573 by Juan de Garay.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Santa Fé (2.)

See also Santa Fe, New Mexico on Wikipedia; Santa Fe on Wikipedia; Santa Fé in the 11th edition; and the disclaimer.
SANTA FÉ, a city of the United States, capital of New Mexico, stands in a wide plain surrounded by mountains about 7000 feet above the sea, in 35° 41′ N. lat. and 105° 46′ W. long., near the Santa Fé Creek, which joins the Rio Grande del Norte 14 or 15 miles farther south-west. It is connected by a branch line (18 miles) with the Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fé Railroad at Lamy Junction, 835 miles from Atchison. The houses are mainly constructed of adobe, and the irregularity of the plan shows how recently the city has come under the influence of “American” progress. Among the more noteworthy buildings are the new capitol, for which funds were voted in 1883, the Roman Catholic cathedral, erected since 1870, and the old governor's palace, a long low edifice occupying one side of the principal plaza, which now contains a soldiers' monument in honour of those who fell in the service of the United States. Santa Fé is an important centre of trade, and the development of the mining industries in the vicinity is rapidly increasing its prosperity. The population was 6635 in 1881.
One of the oldest cities of North America, Santa Fé de San Francisco was the capital of New Mexico from 1640, but remained in comparative seclusion till the early part of the present century, when it became a main station on what was called the Santa Fé Trail—the trade route between the United States and Mexico, or more especially between St Louis and Chihuahua. A custom-house was established in the city in 1821, and the first American mercantile house began business in 1826. By 1843 the value of the merchandise entrusted to the train of 230 waggons from St Louis was $450,000. General Kearny built Fort Marcy at Santa Fé in 1846, and in 1851 the city became the capital of the new Territory. In 1862 it was occupied for a few days by the Confederates.