# United States v. Atlantic Dredging Company

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United States Supreme Court
253 U.S. 1
United States v. Atlantic Dredging Company
Argued: March 16, 1920. --- Decided: April 26, 1920
Action in the Court of Claims to recover the sum of $545,121.72 from the United States on account of expenditures and loss caused, it is alleged, in the execution of a contract which it was induced to enter into by false and misleading statements of the officers of the United States in charge of excavations in the Delaware river.
In pursuance of advertisement by the United States through Col. Kuhn, the dredging company entered into a contract to do a certain part of the work for the sum of 12.99 cents per cubic yard, scow measurement.
Sealed proposals were required by the advertisement and it was stated that information could be had on application, and bidders were invited to base their dids upon the specifications, which had been prepared by, and were submitted by the government.
The specifications stated that the depth of the channel to be dredged was 35 feet, and under the heading 'Quality or Character of the Material' contained the following:
'The material to be removed is believed to be mainly mud, or mud with an admixture of fine sand, except from station 54 to station 55+144, at the lower end of West Horseshoe Range (the latter is not included in the contract) where the material is firm mud, sand, and gravel or cobbles.'
It was stated that—
'Bidders were expected to examine the work, however, and decide for themselves as to its character and to make their bids accordingly, as the United States does not guarantee the accuracy of this description.' The further statement was that—
'A number of test borings have been made in all of the areas where dredging is to be done under these specifications, and the results thereof may be seen by intending bidders on the maps on file in this office. (See paragraph 17.) No guaranty is given as to correctness of these borings in representing the character of the bottom over the entire vicinity in which they were taken, although the general information given thereby is believed to be trustworthy.'
To ascertain the character of the material to be dredged the government officers had subjected the bottom of the river to certain borings, called, according to their manner of being made, 'test borings and wash borings,' and the results thereof were correctly reported and recorded on the log or field notes at the time-that is, that the probe had penetrated or had not penetrated but there was nothing on the map exhibited to bidders showing the field notes taken at the time the borings were made. It was hence shown that the material to be encountered was 'mainly mud or mud with an admixture of sand.' In other words, the map did not contain a true description of the character of the material which was to be encountered, and was encountered by the dredging company in the prosecution of the work. The material dredged, at certain places, differed from that shown on the map exhibited to bidders. The company made no independent examination, though it had time to do so, and in making its proposal it stated that it did so with full knowledge of the character and quality of the work required.
The proposals required the character and capacity of the plant proposed to be employed by the contractor to be stated and that it should be kept in condition for efficient work and be subject to the inspection and approval of the 'contracting officer.' In compliance with the requirement the plant was submitted to such officer and by him inspected and approved. It was efficient for dredging the character of material mentioned in the specifications and described on the map to which bidders were referred for information; it was not efficient for dredging the material actually found to exist, and the company secured the services of another concern to do the dredging for it, and that concern did all of the work that was done.
After the company, and the concern it had employed, had been at work for some time, it complained of the character of material which was being encountered, and a supplementary contract was entered into by it and the 'contracting officer.'
This contract recited that 'heavy and refractory material, consisting mainly of compacted sand and gravel, with a small percentage of cobbles had been encountered,' and provided that such material might be deposited in the Delaware river, instead of on shore, as provided in the original contract.
At the time of making the supplemental contract the company was not aware of the manner in which the 'test borings' over the area embraced in its contract had been made. Upon learning of this in December, 1915, it discontinued work and declined to do further work. The company then had not been informed of the fact that impenetrable material had been reached by the probe. At the time of the cessation of work there remained approximately 350,000 cubic yards of material to be dredged in the area of the contract. The American Dredging Company completed the dredging at 16.2 cents per cubic yard.
The amount expended by the company was $354,009.19, upon which it had received $142,959.10, making its loss on the contract $211,050.09. For such sum judgment was rendered, and the United States prosecuted this appeal.
Mr. Assistant Attorney General Davis, for the United States.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 4-7 intentionally omitted]
Mr. William L. Marbury, of Baltimore, Md., for appealees.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 7-9 intentionally omitted]
After stating the case as above, Mr. Justice McKENNA delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
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