OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Colonial Office Circular, 5 December 1828

* related portals: Western Australia, United Kingdom.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
COLONIAL OFFICE CIRCULAR
Although it is the intention of His Majesty's Government to form a Settlement on the Western Coast of Australia, the Government do not intend to incur any expense in conveying Settlers, or in supplying them with necessaries after their arrival.
Such persons, however, as may be prepared to proceed to that country at their own cost, before the end of the year 1829, in parties comprehending a proportion of not less than 5 females to six male settlers, with receive Grants of Land, in fee simple (free of Quit Rent) proportioned to the capital which they may invest upon public or private objects in the Colony, to the satisfaction of His Majesty's Government at home, certified by the Superintendent, or other Officer administering the Colonial Government, at the rate of 40 acres for every sum of £3 so invested, provided they give previous security first, that all supplies sent to the Colony whether of Provision, stores or other articles which may be purchased by the Capitalists there, or which shall have been sent out, for the use of them or their parties, on the requisition of the Secretary of State, if not paid for on delivery in the Colony, shall be paid for at home, each Capitalist being held liable in his proportion — And secondly, that on the event of the establishment being broken up by the Governor or Superintendent, all persons desirous of returning to the British Islands shall be conveyed to their own home at the expense of the Capitalists by whom they have been taken out. The passages of labouring persons, whether paid for by themselves or others, and whether they be male or female, provided the proportion of the sexes before mentioned be preserved, will be considered as an investment of Capital, entitling the party by whom any such payment may have been made, to an allowance of Land at a rate of £15, that is, of 200 acres of Land for the Passage of every such labouring person, over and above any other investment of Capital.
Any Land thus granted which shall not have been brought into cultivation, or otherwise improved or reclaimed from the wild state, to the satisfaction of Government, within 21 years from the date of the Grant, shall at the end of the 21 years revert absolutely to the Crown.
All these conditions with respect to free Grant of Land and all contracts of labouring persons, and others who shall have bound themselves for a stipulated term of service will be strictly maintained.
It is not intended that any convicts or other descriptions of Prisoners, be sent to this new Settlement.
The Government will be administered by Captain Stirling of the Royal Navy, as Civil Superintendent of the Settlement, and a Bill in the nature of a Civil Charter, will be submitted to Parliament in the commencement of its next Session.
COLONIAL OFFICER 5th December, 1828
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Colonist/1906/Automobile Race

An article published in the Colonist on July 2, 1906 reporting after the finish of the first French Grand Prix motor race.
AUTOMOBILE RACE
Received July 2, 0.48 a.m.
Paris, July 1.
The Automobile Grand Prix de France was held over the Sarthe circuit, 745 miles, and resulted—Renault's No. 1 car, driven by Sisz, which did the journey in 12 hours 14 minutes; Fiat's No 2 car, driven by Mazzari, 12 hours 46 minutes 26 seconds; Bayard Clement's No. 1 car, driven by Clement, 12 hours 49 minutes 46 seconds. The cars which filled the first and third places were French, and that which secured second place was Italian.
# Complete Baronetage Vol. 1/Molyneux of Sefton (1611)

MOLYNEUX
cr. 22 May 1611,
afterwards, 1628-1771, Viscounts Molyneux of Maryborough [I.],
and subsequently, since 1771, Earls of Sefton [I.].
I. 1611. "Richard Molyneux, of Sefton, co. Lancaster, Knt.," s. and h. of William Molyneux, by Bridget, da. of John Caryll of Warnham, co. Sussex, which William (who d. v.p. 1567), was 1st s. and h. ap. of ​Sir Richard Molyneux, of Sefton aforesaid; suc. his grandfather in 1568, being then but 8 years old; was Knighted, 24 June 1586 by Queen Elizabeth; M.P. for Lancashire, 1584-85, 1593 and 1604-11; Sheriff thereof, 1588-89 and 1596-97, and was cr. a Bart., as above, at the institution of that Order, 22 May 1611. He m., about 1590, Frances, sister of Thomas, 1st Baron Gerard of Gerard's Bromley, 1st da. of Sir Gilbert Gerard, of Sudbury, co. Suffolk, Master of the Rolls (1581-92), by Anne, da. of Thomas Ratcliffe. She was bur., 19 Feb. 1620, at Sefton. He was bur. there, 8 Feb. 1622. Will pr. 1623.
II. 1622. Sir Richard Molyneux, Bart. [1611($^1$)], of Sefton aforesaid; born about 1594; mat. at Oxford (Brasenose Coll.), 24 Nov. 1609, at the age of 15; Knighted, 27 March 1613; M.P. for Wigan, 1614; for Lancashire, 1625 and 1628-29; suc. to the Baronetcy, 8 Feb. 1622. He m. about 1618, Mary, 1st da. and coheir of Sir Thomas Caryll. She was living when he was cr., 22 Dec 1628, VISCOUNT MOLYNEUX OF MARYBOROUGH, in the Queens County [I.], in which peerage this Baronetcy then merged, and so continues. The 9th Viscount was cr., 30 Nov. 1771, EARL OF SEFTON [I.]. See Peerage.
# Complete Baronetage Vol. 1/Leke (1611)

LEKE, or LEAKE:
cr. 22 May 1611,
sometime, 1625-45, Baron Deincourt,
and subsequently, 1645—1736, Earls of Scarsdale;
I. 1611. "Francis Leake [or Leke] of Sutton. co. Derby, Knt.," s. and h. of Sir Francis Leke, of Sutton in Scarsdale aforesaid, by his first wife, Frances, da. and coheir of Robert Swift, of Bayton, co. York, was b. before 1581; M.P. for Derbyshire, 1601; Sheriff thereof, 1604-05; Knighted 14 March 1603/4, and was cr. a Bart, as above, at the institution of that Order, 22 May 1611. He m. 16 Sep, 1607, at Great Berkhampstead, Herts, Anne, sister of Henry, 1st Viscount Falkland [S.], 6th da. of Sir Edward Carey, of Aldenham, Herts. She was living when he was cr. 26 Oct. 1624, BARON DEINCOURT OF SUTTON, co. Derby, and subsequently, 11 Nov. 1645, EARL OF SCARSDALE. In that peerage this Baronetcy then merged, and so continued till on the death, 17 July 1736, of the 4th Earl, Baron, and Baronet, it and all other his honours became extinct. See Peerage.
# Complete Auto Transit, Inc. v. Carpentier/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
United States Supreme Court
366 U.S. 168
Complete Auto Transit, Inc. v. Carpentier
The motion of The National Automobile Transporters Association for leave to file brief, as amicus curiae, is granted. The motion to dismiss is granted and the appeal is dismissed. Treating the papers whereon the appeal was taken as a petition for writ of certiorari, certiorari is denied.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Complete Auto Transit, Inc. v. Carpentier

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
366 U.S. 168
Complete Auto Transit, Inc. v. Carpentier
Larry A. Esckilsen and Edmund M. Brady, for appellant.
William G. Clark, Atty. Gen. of Illinois, Samuel H. Young and Raymond S. Sarnow, Asst. Attys. Gen., for appellee.
George S. Dixon, for National Automobile Transporters Association, as amicus curiae.
PER CURIAM.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Ipsus

From volume 8 of the work.
A titular see of Phrygia Salutaris, suffragan of Synnada. The locality was famous as the scene of the great battle fought in 301 B.C.between the successors of Alexander, in which Antigonus was slain and his kingdom divided between his rivals. As Ipsos or Hypsos the city is mentioned by Hierocles and George of Cyprus and in most of the medieval "Notitiae Epicopatuum". Le Quien (Oriens Christianus, I, 840-4I), names four of its bishops; Lucian, at the Council of Chalcedon in 451; George, at the Seventh Council in 787, Photius and Thomas at the Councils of Constantinople in 868 and 878. The city was situated at the junction of two roads, one leading to Byzantium and the other towards Sardeis; the exact site has not been discovered. Modern geographers identify it with the ruins of Ipsili-Hissar; others, like Ramsay ("Cities and Bishoprics of Phrygia", Oxford, 1897, 748), with those of Tchai, 82 miles from Apamea.
S. VAILHÉ
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Ippolito Pindemonte

From volume 12 of the work.
An Italian poet of noble birth, born at Verona, 13 Nov., 1753; died there, 18 Nov., 1828. He received his training at the Collegio di San Carlo in Modena. As a result of much travelling in Italy and foreign lands he acquired a wide acquaintance, and formed close relations with many men of letters, He witnessed the beginnings of the Revolution in Paris, and poetized thereupon in his "Francia". Thence he went to London, Berlin, and Vienna. In 1791 he returned to Verona, with health impaired and saddened at the failure of his hopes for the regeneration and aggrandizement of Italy, and devoted his last years to study and religious practices. The chief poetical works of Pindemonte are the "Poesie" and "Prose campestri", the "Sepolcri" and his version of the Odyssey. The "Poesie" and "Prose campestri" were published between 1788 and 1794; the most admired portions are those entitled "Alla Luna", "Alla Salute", "La Melanconia", and "La Giovinezza". They evince his reading of the English descriptive poets. The "Sepolcri" is in the form of a letter and is largely a response to the similarly named poem of Foscolo, with whose views, respecting the patriotic and other emotions evoked by the aspect of the tombs of the well-deserving, he sympathizes; he rebukes Foscolo, however, for having neglected to recount, among the other emotions, that of the comfort brought to us by religious considerations. The influence of the English poet Gray is noticeable in this work. Upon his version of the Odyssey he seems to have laboured fifteen years, and is quite faithful to the letter and spirit of the original. It appeared in print in 1822. His lesser works include among others several tragedies, the "Ulisse", the "Geta e Caracalla" the "Eteocle e Polinice", and especially the "Arminio", composed in 1804 and revealing the influence exerted upon him by the Ossianic matter. In prose he produced the "Clementina", and a short story, "Abaritte", which imitates Johnson's "Rasselas". He left a large correspondence exchanged with noted persons of his time and a few minor documents.
Poesie originali di I. Pindemonte (Florence, 1858-9); Odissea, ed. LONZOGUS, SANSONI; TORRACA, I. Sepolcri di I. Pindemonte in Discussioni (Leghorn, 1888); MONTANARI, Storia della vita de opere di I. P. (Venice, 1855); ZANELLA, I. Pindemonte e gli Inglesi in Paralleli letterari (Verona, 1885).
J. D. M. FORD.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Ionopolis

From volume 8 of the work.
A titular see in the province of Paphlagonia, suffragan of Gangres. The city was founded by a colony from Miletus already established at Sinope, and at first took the name of Abonouteichos. There, in the second century A.D., was born the false prophet Alexander, who caused the erection of a large temple to Apollo, and thus secured rich revenues. The city was afterwards called Ionopolis. Le Quien (Oriens Christ., I, 555) mentions eight bishops between 325 and 878; it had others since then, for the see is mentioned in the later "Notitiae episcopatuum." Ionopolis, to-day called Ineboli, is a Black Sea port, numbering 9000 inhabitants, 1650 of whom are Greek schismatics, and 230 Armenians; all the remainder are Turks. It is a caza of the sanjak and the vilayet of Castamouni, and enjoys a very healthy and pleasant climate.
CUINET, La Turquie d'Asie, IV (Paris, 1894), 466-69.
S. VAILHÉ
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Irenopolis

From volume 8 of the work.
A titular see of Isauria, suffragan of Seleucia. Five of its bishops are known: John (325), Menodorus (451), Paul (458), George (692), Euschemon (878). The city is mentioned by Hierocles in the sixth century and George of Cyprus in the seventh. It figures in the "Notitia Episcopatuum" of Anastasius, Patriarch of Antioch in the sixth century, and in the "Nova Tactica" of the tenth century, as attached to the Patriarchate of Constantinople. At this period the Byzantine emperors had taken the province of Isauria from the Patriarchate of Antioch. Ramsay ("Asia Minor," London, 1890, p. 365), following Sterrett, identifies Irenopolis of Isauria with Irnebol, of which he does not indicate the exact situation. Coins found bearing the name Irenopolis belong rather to a city of the same name located in Cilicia, the ancient Neronias, some of whose bishops are also known.
LE QUIEN, Oriens Christianus, II, 897-900, 1029 sq.
S. VAILHÉ
# Concepts for detection of extraterrestrial life/Chapter 2

Layout 2
CHAPTER II
Mars Surface High-Resolution Near-Scan TV
The first thing man generally does in a new and strange environment is to look around. This is exactly what scientists want eventually to do through one of the Voyager-class landing capsules on Mars by using photographs relayed from television cameras. This “eyes on Mars” experiment would offer genuine scientific merit for the following reasons.
1. We want to know the topography immediately surrounding the capsule. There may be both geological and biological surprises in the landscape revealed by a televised survey.
2. We would like to monitor the instrument operations.
3. Scientists and laymen alike could participate in this experiment. All could see what the scenery of the red planet is like.
TV cameras such as those used on Surveyor or Ranger (spacecraft used in lunar missions) might be adapted for use in the exploration of Mars. The Surveyor cameras use zoom lenses having a focal length range of from 25 mm (wide-angle) to 100 mm (narrow-angle). In the narrow-angle mode these cameras can produce a resolution of 0.25 milliradian per TV line. This means that at a distance of 4 meters the resolution is approximately 1 mm per TV line. These cameras are fitted with filters for color separation and polarization studies. Figure 3 shows one of the Surveyor cameras. The vidicon image tube is mounted vertically and looks up into a mirror which can be rotated in elevation and azimuth to provide viewing in virtually all directions.
The Ranger TV cameras, now well described in other reports, are also of the wide- and narrow-angle type. Although possessing a fixed focus, they can photograph in the range of approximately 1,120 miles to about ⅓ mile. Lens apertures vary and are set so that pictures can be taken corresponding to average lighting conditions on Earth from noon to dusk. The vidicon tube for each camera works on a photoconductive principle similar to tubes in commercial television cameras. The light and dark areas of the image on the ​face plate are scanned by a beam of electrons which differentiate these light and dark areas by their electrical resistance. The scan lines are converted into electrical signals, highly amplified, converted to a frequency-modulated signal, sent to a 60-watt transmitter, and received on Earth. Direct mounting and use of this system on a capsule on the surface of Mars is not now possible. Nevertheless, the Ranger VII photographs of the Moon underscore the potential of the system as soon as technology permits its application to the planets.
A more sophisticated use of television cameras is illustrated by the microscope-television combination described in the next chapter.
Figure 3.—Television survey camera.
# Concepts for detection of extraterrestrial life/Chapter 5

Layout 2
CHAPTER V
The Mass Spectrometer
Although mass spectrometry, like gas chromatography, cannot prove the existence of life, it is an experimental tool which would enable us to learn much about the organic chemistry of Mars.
The mass spectrometer approach to exobiological studies is being carried out under the supervision of Dr. Klaus Biemann at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dr. Biemann has concentrated much of his experimental work on amino acids and peptides. This method accomplishes identification through the mass spectra (i.e., the distribution of the masses) of the pyrolysis products of the introduced samples. In one type of instrument an amino acid is heated near the ion source. The molecular fragments so produced vaporize off the sample and are accelerated according to their masses onto an electron multiplier. The identification of the original amino acid is based on the characterestic masses of these fragments.
The mass spectrometer is perhaps unique for the specific identification of small amounts of compounds which have been roughly classified by other methods. While not as sensitive as color reactions, ultraviolet absorption and fluorometry, mass spectrometry is an extremely versatile and powerful method for identifying organic compounds. The ability to recognize organic structures, regardless of whether they do or do not show any resemblance to the molecules with which we are familiar in terrestrial biology, could be crucially important for Martian exploration.
The sample size for mass spectroscopy ranges from a few tenths to a few millionths of a milligram. Spectral interpretation is simplified if this small sample is not too complex. Therefore, some sample preparation is required, with gas chromatography being the favored method for accomplishing this.
Mass spectrometry could also provide data on the composition of the atmosphere and the abundance of ratios of stable isotopes of the elements of low atomic number. Both of these areas are of obvious relevance to the biological exploration of celestial bodies within the solar system.
Figure 8.—Origin and appearance of the mass spectra of two amino acids.
Figure 8 shows the mass spectra of two amino acids, phenylalanine and tyrosine. Upon electron bombardment, certain bonds in the molecules of phenylalanine (top) and tyrosine (bottom) are broken to form various positively-charged fragments which the mass spectrometer separates and records according to mass (see curves). Both give mass 74, characteristic of many amino acids, but the rest of the peaks differ because tyrosine contains one more oxygen atom than phenylalanine.
Any mass spectrometer built for use in space would, of course, incorporate a collection apparatus for sampling, sensors to note the results, and telemetry equipment to communicate these results back to Earth. Such information would be obtained quickly with this instrument. The entire mass spectrum of a biological molecule can be scanned in a few seconds. The instrument should be designed for the determination of spectra up to a molecular weight of 250.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/B/Belly of an instrument

Belly of an instrument. The belly, in a harpsichord, or piano-forte, is that smooth, thin boarding, over which the strings are distended, and which, by its vibration, greatly contributes to the tone. In a double bass, violoncello, tenor violin, and all instruments performed with the bow, as also in the guitar, it is that part of the body which lies immediately under the strings.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/B/Bellows

Bellows. A pneumatic appendage of certain wind instruments.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/B/Beltrame

Beltrame. An eminent organist and church composer at Verona in 1799.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/B/Bellezza, con

Bellezza, con. (I.) With beauty of expression.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/B/Bellochi, Signora Georgi

Bellochi, Signora Georgi. An Italian singer. She sang at the opera and various concerts in London in the year 1817, and several subsequent seasons. She had a sound, good style, but her voice was remarkable neither for tune nor compass.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/B/Belloli

Belloli. There were two celebrated horn players of this name (father and son) at Milan at the beginning of this century.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/B/Bells, musical

Bells, musical. Music bells, or carillons, are preserved in several parts of Britain, and in many towns of the continent. They are played by means of keys resembling those of a piano-forte, and when well tuned, and heard at a distance, the music is not disagreeable. It is not evident when they were first introduced, but they may be of considerable antiquity, the number augmenting according as alterations were made in music. Prefixed to a manuscript copy of the Psalms, as old as the fourteenth century, is a painting of King David, playing, with a hammer in each hand, on five bells hung up before him. In the great tower of the cathedral at Antwerp were suspended thirty-three music bells, the largest seven feet wide and eight feet high, the melody of which is highly celebrated. The late Mr. Joseph Strutt observes, that he saw a man in London ring twelve bells at a time ; two were placed on his head, he had two in each hand, one was affixed to each knee, and two upon each foot ; all of' which he managed with great adroitness, and performed a vast variety of tunes.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/B/Belli, Giovanni

Belli, Giovanni. A celebrated soprano singer, in 1750, at Dresden. He drew tears from most of his audience in the air of "L'Olimpiade," beginning, "Consola it genitore." He died at Naples in 1760.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/B/Bellows of an organ

Bellows of an organ. The bellows are the pneumatic part of the machine, by which it is supplied with wind, and is wrought by a man called the blower ; but in small organs by the foot of the player. This machine is of various constructions, but in general is composed of two flat boards, sometimes of an oval, sometimes of a triangular form ; two or more hoops are placed between them, and bent according to the figure of the boards ; a piece of leather, broad in the middle and narrow at both ends, is nailed on the edges of the boards, that the leather may the more easily open and fold again ; and there is a valve within, that covers the holes in the under board, to keep in the air.