OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Poetical Works of William Cowper (Benham)/Olney Hymns/8. O Lord, I will praise Thee

VIII. O LORD, I WILL PRAISE THEE.Isaiah xii:1
Now thine anger's turned away; Comfortable thoughts arise From the bleeding sacrifice.
Here, in the fair Gospel-field, Wells of free salvation yield Streams of life, a plenteous store, And my soul shall thirst no more.
Jesus is become at length My salvation and my strength; And his praises shall prolong, While I live, my pleasant song.
Praise ye, then, his glorious name, Publish his exalted fame! Still his worth your praise exceeds; Excellent are all his deeds.
Raise again the joyful sound, Let the nations roll it round! Zion, shout! for this is he; God the Saviour dwells in thee!
# The New Student's Reference Work/Ryerson, Adolphus

See also Egerton Ryerson on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Ry′erson, Adolphus, was born in Norfolk County (Ontario) in 1803, ordained as a Methodist minister in 1825, and founded The Christian Guardian in 1829. This paper still is the recognized organ of the Methodist Church, and has continuously wielded great influence. Dr. Ryerson was appointed principal of Victoria College, Cobourg, in 1844 and chief superintendent for education; and examined the educational institutions of Europe in 1844–5. In 1846 and subsequent years he laid the foundations of a system of public-school education, which is the pride of Ontario. He died at Toronto on Feb. 19, 1882.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Réaumur, René Antoine Ferchault de

See also René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Réaumur (rā′ō′mür′), René Antoine Ferchault de, a prominent man of science in France during the first half of the 18th century, was born in 1683, and died in 1757. He is principally remembered as having devised the thermometric scale which goes by his name, namely, that in which the temperature interval between melting ice and boiling water is divided into 80 degrees. See Celsius, Fahrenheit and Thermometer.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Réclus, Jean Jacques Élisée

See also Élisée Reclus on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Réclus (rā-klū), Jean Jacques Élisée. In 1830, a whole decade before Humboldt published Cosmos, his successor in the science of geography was born in a Protestant parsonage in the village of Ste. Foy-la-Grande, near Bordeaux, France. Having no money to gratify his taste for travel, Réclus was forced to find wonders at home. So he questioned his native bogs, moors and streams as to their world-old adventures and dug for the answers. He had two years at school in Berlin, which he spent in studying the natural sciences and in learning how to test physical phenomena. Returning home, he got into politics and into trouble and, fortunately for the world, was sent into exile by Napoleon III. Falling in with California goldseekers, he crossed our unexplored region of plains and mountains, and went back to publish a classical description of it that made him famous in science and literature and decided his life-work. He was past 40, and again in exile for meddling in politics, when he wrote La Terre (The Earth). This was followed by The Ocean. Monumental works in themselves, these volumes became merely introductory to his Géographie Universelle (21 volumes, 21,000 pages) that has been translated into every modern language. It was his life-work, occupying him from the age of 40 to 66. The work differs from most scientific treatises. To the profoundest knowledge and exactness Réclus brought the imagination of a poet, the literary style of a Ruskin. Many, indeed, most of the laws governing natural phenomena, were determined before Réclus, but he brought them all together and unified all. He summed them all up in this image of the earth on which we live. “A grain of dust in the fathomless abyss of creation, ever actuated by ceaseless motion, describing in ether a series of elliptical spirals, whirling with the velocity of a cannon-ball, shooting forward with the swiftness of light and rocking back and forth in its headlong flight—as if to salute the stars in passing.”
Absolutely scientific in its last analysis, only a poet could so transform dry facts. This great work, so plain, as easy to understand as a book of travels, as fascinating as a collection of romances, should be among the first to be purchased by any library, however small. Réclus died at Brussels on July 4, 1905. No biography of him has, as yet, appeared in translation.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Sabbath

See also Sabbath on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​ Sab′bath (from shabath, to rest), the seventh day of the week, was set aside in the Hebrew Scriptures as a day of rest and devotion. It was observed by the Hebrews after the Exodus in commemoration of their deliverance from bondage (Deut. v:15), and perhaps preceded the Sinaitic legislation which merely confirmed its observance. The “Remember the Sabbath” of the Decalogue was followed in the giving of the laws by many regulations for the day, prohibitive of various forms of labor, and by commands to keep certain observances. The day was significant of the finishing of creation, of freedom from bondage and as a token of covenant. In the Epistles of the New Testament the keeping of the Jewish Sabbath is left optional with Christians (Col. II:16-17), who are exhorted to observe the first day of each week as the Lord's Day (cf. Rev. 1:10). The medieval schoolmen taught that the observance of the Lord's Day superseded the observance of the Sabbath by ordinance and custom of the church rather than by divine law.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Ryswick, Peace of

See also Treaty of Ryswick on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Ryswick (rĭz′ wĭk), Peace of, was signed at Ryswick, a Dutch village two miles south of The Hague, by France, England, the Netherlands and Spain on September 21, 1697, and by Germany on Oct. 30. The treaty wound up the bloody contest of nearly nine years between France and the allies, which had been carried on since 1688.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Récamier, Jean Françoise Julie Adelaide Bernard

See also Juliette Récamier on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Récamier (rā̇′kȧ′myā̇′), Jean Françoise Julie Adelaide Bernard, was born at Lyons, Dec. 4, 1777. She grew up a girl of remarkable grace and beauty, and at 15 married Jacques Récamier, a rich banker of Paris, three times as old as herself, and immediately entered upon a career of social triumph almost without a parallel even in France. Her salon was soon filled with the brightest wits of the literary and political circles of the day, and, fortunately for herself, she was possessed of a temperament that saved her from temptation and almost from scandal. She had a warm affection for Madame de Staël. When the latter was banished by Napoleon, Madame Récamier did not fail to give the exile her warmest friendship and sympathy. In 1806 the ruin of her husband's fortune caused her to visit Mme. de Staël at Coppet, in Switzerland, and while there she met Prince August of Prussia, who is said to have been the only one of all her admirers that ever touched her heart. A marriage was arranged between them, provided a divorce could be secured. Récamier gave consent, but his mild remonstrance so affected the wife that she declared she could not leave him in his adversity. Madame Récamier died at Paris of cholera, a disease of which she always had a special dread, May 11, 1849.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Rye

See also Rye on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Rye, the well-known species of Secale cereale, a grass which probably is from western Asia. It closely resembles and is related to wheat. It is a hardy grain and is grown in cool regions. In northern Europe it is a most important crop, being used there largely in bread-making. In the United States it is used chiefly in the manufacture of malt and spirituous liquors. Russia produces the most rye, her crop in 1910 being 867,622,000 bushels, Germany coming second with 413,802,000 bushels. In the United States rye is fifth of the cereals in importance, the crop of 1910 being 33,039,000 bushels.
See image at Rye and other grains.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Rye-House Plot

See also Rye House Plot on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Rye-House Plot. In 1682–3, while a scheme was formed among the leading Whigs of England to raise the nation in arms against Charles II, another scheme was planned by a few fiercer spirits of the party to waylay and kill the king. It was to be carried out at a farm near Hertford, belonging to one of the plotters, called Rye-House. The plot failed because the house at Newmarket, where the king was staying, caught fire accidentally and caused Charles to leave sooner than intended. Both the greater and the less conspiracy were discovered before long. Though Monmouth, Russell and other Whig leaders had nothing to do with the Rye-House plot, the indignation aroused by it throughout the country took in the whole party. Russell, Sidney and Walcot, the last being of the plot, were brought to the block.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Rye and other grains

See also Cereal on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
# The New Student's Reference Work/S

See also S on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​S (ĕs), the nineteenth letter, is a consonant, often called a sibilant because the true s is a hissing or voiceless consonant. Its proper sound occurs in best, hiss, so. It also has the sounds of z, as in has; sh, as in passion, sensual, version; and zh, as in visual. At the beginning of words s generally has the hissing sound, but at the middle and end its sound is determined by custom. In a few words s is silent, as aisle, débris, island, isle. The nearness of s to th caused th in verbs to become s, as loveth, loves. S sometimes changes to st, as hoist from hoise.
# The New York Times/1865/4/15/Classified

Content exists for this periodical, though at this stage it is not specifically organised beyond a basic hierarchy.
The pages listed below are an automatically generated listing.
Special:PrefixIndex/The New York Times/1865/4/15/Classified/
# The New York Times/1865/4/15/Collision

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​Collision.—The steamship La Favorete, while returning from a trial trip and passing up the East River, collided with the Catherine Ferry-boat Manhassett, as she was entering her slip on the Brooklyn side, doing considerable damage to the Manhassett, by tearing away a portion of the gentlemen's cable, and somewhat injuring the hull. Fortunately nobody was hurt.
# The New York Times/1865/4/15/Classified/Financial Notices

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# The New York Times/1865/4/15/Excitement in Wall-Street

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EXCITEMENT IN WALL-STREET.
A Speech in Defence of the Murderer of President Lincoln.
About eleven o'clock this morning, a man of respectable appearance stationed himself on the sidewalk in front of the banking-office of Vermilye & Co., No. 43 Wall-street, and commenced a speech in defence of the murderer of President Lincoln. The speaker said that the hand of the murderer had been directed by Providene, and that the President's death was a proof that he was no longer needed by his country. The crowd which had gathered round the speaker, now became greatly excited and bustled him down the steps leading to Vermilyea & Co's banking-office. One of the members of the firm, fearing that violence would ensue, took the man into the office, where he was detained until the crowd dispersed. It is supposed that the man is insane.
# The New York Times/1865/4/15/Extra

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EXTRA.
SATURDAY, HALF-PAST 9 A.M.
THE CALAMITY.
A Nation Mourns.
Death of President Lincoln.
Official Announcement from Secretary Stanton.
Additional Details of the Fearful Tragedy.
J. WILKES BOOTH THE ASSASSIN
Ten Thousand Dollars Reward Offered for the Arrest of the Assassin.
Mr. Seward's Condition Unchanged.
War Department, Washington Saturday, April 15, 1865—4:10 A.M.
To Major-Gen. Dix:
The President continues insensible and is sinking.
Secretary Seward remains without change.
Frederick Seward's skull is fractured in two places, besides a severe cut upon the head.
The attendant is still alive, but hopeless. May. Seward's wound is not dangerous.
IT is now ascertained with reasonable certainty that two assassins were engaged in the horrible crime, Wilkes Booth being the one that shot the President, and the other a companion of his whose name is not known, but whose description is so clear that he cannot hardly escape. It appears from a letter found in Booth's trunk that the murder was planned before the 4th of March, but fell through then because the accomplice backed out until "Richmond could be heard from." Booth and his accomplice were at the livery stable at six o'clock last evening, and left there with their horses about ten o'clock, or shortly before that hour.
It would seem that they had for several days been seeking their chance, but for some unknown reason it was not carried into effect until last night.
One of them has evidently made his way to Baltimore—the other has not yet been traced.
Edwin M. Stanton, Secretary of War.
War Department, Washington, April 15.
Major-Gen. Dix:
Abraham Lincoln died this morning at twenty-two minutes after seven o'clock.
Edwin M. Stanton, Secretary of War.
Dispatch to the Associated Press.
President Lincoln died this morning at 7$^1$⁄$_2$ o'clock.
Maj.-Gen Augur, commanding the Department of Washington, has offered a reward of ten thousand dollars to the party or parties arresting the murderer of the President, and the assassin of the Secretary of State and his son.
This morning, at six o'clock, there was no change in the condition of Secretary Seward.
The Chronicle of this morning says a letter found in J. Wilkes Booth's trunk identifies him as the murderer of the President.
# The New Student's Reference Work/San Salvador

See also San Salvador on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​San Salvador (säl′vȧ-dōr′), the capital of the republic of Salvador, is built at the foot of the extinct volcano of San Salvador (8,360 feet). The houses are mostly of one story, with thick walls, on account of earthquakes. The government buildings are handsome, and a fine cathedral is not yet finished. The city was founded in 1528. In 1854 it was a fine, well-built city, with a population of over 25,000, but on the night of April 16 it was wholly destroyed by an earthquake. Violent shocks of earthquake have been felt in 1873, 1879 and 1891. Population 59,540. See Salvador.
# The New Student's Reference Work/San Jacinto, Battle of

See also Battle of San Jacinto on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​San Jacin′to, Battle of, the last battle of the Texan war for independence, took place on April 21, 1836, near San Jacinto, Tex. General Santa Anna, in command of the Mexican force of 2,000, was attempting to ​cut off the retreat of the Texans, and came up with them at the mouth of the river. Gen. Sam Houston ordered his small force of 783 men to charge, which they did to the shout of “Remember the Alamo!” (See Alamo.) After fighting an hour and losing 630 men, the Mexicans surrendered. This decisive battle ended the war.
# The New Student's Reference Work/San José, Cal.

See also San Jose, California on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​San José (hṓ-sā′), Cal., county-seat of Santa Clara County, is on Guadalupe River, 50 miles southeast of San Francisco. Besides a fine courthouse and a city-hall, it contains the state normal school, a Roman Catholic college for girls, St. Joseph's College for boys (R. C.), University of the Pacific (M. E.) and others. There are 32 churches, several charitable institutions and a public library. Near by is the famous Lick observatory. There are four parks, and the city is noted for its gardens and fruit. It is a center for fruit-canning and wine-manufacture, besides which there are flour, woolen and other mills. Population 28,946.
# The New Student's Reference Work/San Marino

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​San Marino (mä-rē′nṓ), the smallest independent state in Europe and a republic, lies among the Apennines. It covers but 38 square miles, and contains some villages besides the town of San Marino. The town, which is built on a mountain crag, can be reached only by one road. Farming and cattle-breeding are the main occupations. It claims to be Europe's oldest state. Its independence was recognized by the pope in 1631, when the duchy of Urbino, a part of which it had been since the 13th century, was annexed to the papal states. It is governed by a grand council, the members of which are chosen for life, one third of whom are nobles. Two captains-general are chosen, each holding office for six months. Population 10,489.
# The New Student's Reference Work/San Luis Potosi

See also San Luis Potosí on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​San Luis Potosi (loo-es-po′tose′), capital of the Mexican state of the same name, stands on the edge of a table-land, 7,400 feet above the sea, 362 miles northwest of Mexico City. It is well-built, and contains a fine cathedral, a seminary, railroad workshops, a cotton-factory, and very large smelting works. There are silver mines near by. The city was founded in 1586, and in 1863 was the seat of Juarez's government. Population of the capital 82,946; of the state 624,748; the area of this being 25,316 square miles.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Sand

See also Sand on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Sand, a term loosely applied to incoherent mineral matter occurring in particles smaller than pebbles and larger than particles of mud or dust. If the mineral matter is fine enough to become mud when wet, it would hardly be called sand. Between clay, the particles of which are very small, and sand there is no sharp line of demarcation. The one grades into the other. The same is true of sand and gravel. Sand usually consists chiefly of quartz, but it generally contains other mineral matter in small quantities, and sometimes is largely made of other minerals. Grains of sand are usually thought to be round, though this is rarely the case. They, however, often are roundish. As it occurs in nature, quartz-sand is made of partly rounded bits of quartz-crystals. These crystals originally occurred in igneous rock, and by the decay of the other minerals of the rock the quartz-crystals were set free. They were then brought together in valleys and along shores by the wash of rain, streams and waves. The purest varieties of quartz-sand are used for the manufacture of glass. Sand is extensively used with lime, for mortar, cements etc. When cemented by natural processes, sand becomes sandstone.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Sand-Dollar

See also Sand dollar on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
* SAND-DOLLAR
Sand-Dol′lar, the name given to a flattened sea-urchin, very common on sandy shores. The soft parts are inclosed in a rounded, flattened disc, made of plates of carbonate of lime nicely fitted together. When living, the discs are covered with short spines. They are dark-yellow or whitish if bleached in the sun. There are five rows of plates with minute holes for the tube-feet as in other sea-urchins, and five rows without holes. In certain forms the disc is completely perforated by a number of orifices of a key-hole pattern. See Sea-Urchin.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Santa Fé, N. M.

See also Santa Fe, New Mexico on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Santa Fé (săn' ta-fā), N. M., the capital of New Mexico, is among the Rocky Mountains, 6,840 feet above the sea and 1,327 miles southwest of Chicago. The site is a mountain-walled basin, 20 miles from the Rio Grande. Half the people are Mexicans, dwelling in low adobe houses on narrow streets. The plaza has shops on three sides, and on the other the old governor's palace, a long, low, adobe building. The climate is so dry that irrigation is necessary for gardening or farming. When first seen by the Spaniards about 1542, the town was a well-peopled Indian pueblo. It was founded in 1605, and has been the capital since 1640. The Indians captured it, burned the main buildings, and drove out the whites in 1680. The Indians again made an attack in 1837, but were driven off by the Mexican governor, Manuel Armijo. General Kearny occupied it with United States troops in 1846. During the Civil War the Confederates held Santa Fé for a few weeks in the spring of 1862. Santa Fe has three public-school buildings, fine churches, a U. S. Indian school, a deaf and dumb school and the penitentiary. The city has a fine waterworks and electric light system. Its points of interest are many and historical, as the church of San Miguel, the oldest church in the United States, and the governor's palace built in 1598. Population 5,072.
# The New Student's Reference Work/San Jose

See also San José, Costa Rica on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​San Jose, the capital since 1823 of Costa Rica (q. v.), stands in a rich plain, 3,711 feet above the sea. There are many squares and two large parks. The notable buildings are the presidential and national palaces and that of justice, the cathedral, the bishop's palace, the old university buildings, two colleges and the covered market. The chief factory is the government distillery. A railroad joins the capital to Limon, the Atlantic port. Population 29,660.
# The Origins of the Islamic State/Part 5

CONTENTS
page
PART V—NORTHERN AFRICA
# The Origins of the Islamic State/Part 5/Chapter 4

CHAPTER IV
The Conquest of Tripoli
Bakr ibn-al-Haitham from ʿAli ibn-abi-Ṭalḥah:—In the year 22, ʿAmr ibn-al-ʿÂṣi advanced to Tripoli. He met resistance but reduced the place by force, carrying away many loads of fine silk brocade from its merchants. This booty he sold and divided its price among the Moslems. He wrote to ʿUmar ibn-al-Khaṭṭâb, "We have arrived in Tripoli which lies nine days from Ifrîḳiyah. If the 'Commander of the Believers' thinks it best to allow us to invade the latter, it will be well." ʿUmar wrote back, ordering him not to go, saying, "This should not be called Ifrîḳiyah, but Mufarriḳah, which is treacherous to others, and to which others are treacherous." ʿUmar wrote that because its inhabitants used to pay something to the king of the Greeks and often treated him treacherously, while the king of al-Andalus, who had made terms with them, treated them treacherously. These facts were known to ʿUmar.
According to a tradition communicated to me by ʿAmr an-Nâḳid on the authority of certain sheikhs, Tripoli was taken by ʿAmr ibn-al-ʿÂṣi through a covenant made by him.
* ↑ Weil, Geschichte der Chalifen, vol. i, p. 124 note: "year 23".
* ↑ Tripolis; Ar. Aṭrâbulus. Yâḳût, vol. i, p. 309; Yaʿḳûbi, Buldân, p. 346.
* ↑ Pun on words. Mufarriḳah means causing deviation from the right course.
# The Origins of the Islamic State/Part 5/Chapter 6

CHAPTER VI
The Conquest of Ṭanjah [Tangiers]
According to al-Wâḳidi, ʿAbd-al-ʿAzîz ibn-Marwân made Mûsa ibn-Nuṣair, a freedman of the banu-Umaiyah and who came originally from ʿAin at-Tamr (some say he belonged to the clan of Arâshah, a branch of the Bali; others say, to the clan of Lakhm) governor over Ifrîḳiyah. According to others, Mûsa ruled over it in the time of al-Walîd ibn-ʿAbd-al-Malik, in the year 89. He reduced Ṭanjah and occupied it, he being the first to occupy and mark it in lots for the Moslems. His horsemen went as far as as-Sûs al-Adna, which was over twenty days' journey from as-Sûs al-Aḳṣa [the farther as-Sûs == modern Morocco]. Thus he subjugated as-Sûs al-Aḳṣa, carrying many captives from the inhabitants and receiving homage. His ʿâmil collected from them ṣadaḳah. Later he assigned Ṭârik ibn-Ziyâd, his freedman, over it [Ṭanjah and environs] and departed to Ḳairawân Ifrîḳiyah.
* ↑ ʿAdhâri, vol. i, pp. 24 seq.
* ↑ Ibid., vol. i, p. 27.
# The Origins of the Islamic State/Part 6

CONTENTS
page
PART VI—ANDALUSIA