OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Graydon, Alexander

Edition of 1900.
​GRAYDON, Alexander, author, b. in Bristol, Pa., 10 April, 1752 ; d. in Philadelphia. Pa., 2 May, 1818. He was the son of Col. Alexander Graydon of the Provincial army of Pennsylvania. He was educated in Philadelphia, and lived with his mother, at whose residence he met some of the notable people of the time. Mr. Graydon acquired a knowledge of law, but in 1775 received the appointment of captain from congress, and raised recruits for the army. He served in the battle of Long Island, and was taken prisoner in the subsequent action on Harlem heights. For a time he was confined in New York and then in Flatbush, but afterward was released on parole. He then passed through the American camp in Morristown, and then went to Reading, Pa. He was exchanged in 1778, but did not again join the army. He received the appointment of prothonotary of Dauphin county. Pa., and. settling in Harrisburg, held that office until a change of administration caused his removal in 1799. Subsequently, until 1816, when he removed to Philadelphia, he resided near Harrisburg. Mr. Graydon was a contributor to literary and political journals, and, under the title of "Notes of a Desultory Reader," furnished in 1813-'14 a series of papers to the Philadelphia "Portfolio," which included comment on the classics, and English and French literature. He published "Memoirs of a Life, chiefly passed in Pennsylvania, within the Last Sixty Years: with Occasional Remarks upon the General Occurrences, Character, and Spirit of that Eventful Period" (Harrisburg, 1811; re-printed in London: Edinburgh, 1822; Philadelphia, 1846).— His brother, William, lawyer, b. near Bristol, Pa., 4 Sept., 1759 ; d. in Harrisburg, Pa., 13 Oct., 1840. He was educated in Philadelphia, and studied law there. On the organization of the county of Dauphin, he settled in Harrisburg, and began the practice of his profession, being admitted to the bar in 1786. He was commissioned the first notary public in September, 1791, and was a leader in the borough during the "Mill-dam troubles" of 1794-'5. For many years he was a member of the town-council, becoming its president, and subsequently was one of the burgesses. He published a "Digest of the Laws of the United States" (Harrisburg and London, 1803); "Appendix" (1813): -'Justice and Constable's Assistant" (Philadelphia, 1820) ; and "Forms of Conveyancing and of Practice in the Various Courts and Public Offices" (1845).
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Greely, Adolphus Washington

Edition of 1900.
​GREELY, Adolphus Washington, explorer, b. in Newburyport, Mass., 27 March. 1844. He was graduated at Brown high-school in 1860, and enlisted in the 19th Massachusetts regiment on 3 July, 1861. After rising to the rank of 1st sergeant, he was appointed 2d lieutenant in the 81st U. S. colored infantry, 18 March, 1863, was promoted to 1st lieutenant, 26 April, 1864, and on 13 March, 1865, was brevetted major of volunteers for faithful services during the civil war. He was appointed 2d lieutenant in the 36th regular infantry, 7 March, 1867, assigned to the 5th cavalry on 14 July, 1869, and promoted to 1st lieutenant, 27 May, 1873. Soon after the war he was detailed for duty in the signal service, and in 1881 was selected to command the expedition sent into the arctic regions by the government, in accordance with the plan of the Hamburg international geographical congress of 1879, to establish one of a chain of thirteen circumpolar stations for scientific purposes. His party, twenty-five in all, sailed from St. John's, Newfoundland, in the "Proteus," on 7 July, 1881, and reached Discovery harbor, lat. 81° 44' N., long. 64° 45' W., on 12 Aug., 1881, taking with them materials for a house, instruments for scientific observation, and stores for twenty-seven months. Arrangements had been made to send out expeditions in the summers of 1882 and 1883, with additional stores for the party; but Greely was ordered, if these expeditions failed to reach him, to abandon the station not later than September, 1883, and retreat southward along the coast by boat. The party remained at Discovery harbor nearly two years, frequent explorations being made into the surrounding country. On 15 May,
​quarters. Here they suffered greatly from want of provisions, and were finally forced to live on boiled strips of seal-skin, lichens, and shrimps. Sixteen of the party died of starvation, one was drowned, and one. Private Henry, was shot by Lieut. Greely's orders, on the ground that he repeatedly stole food. The seven survivors were rescued by the third relief expedition, under Capt. Winfield Schley, on 33 June, 1884, in so exhausted a condition that fortyeight hours' delay would have been fatal. In the winter of 1896-'7 Peary discovered a case of medical instruments and other relics in the deserted camp, but he failed to find, as expected, the records of the expedition. Lieut. Greely was promoted to captain, 11 June, 1886, and in 1887. after the death of Gen. William B. Hazen, was appointed by President Cleveland to succeed that officer as chief of the signal-service corps, with the rank of brigadier-general. In 1885 he was given the queen's gold medal Ijy the Royal geographical society of London, and he has also received a gold medal from the Paris geopraphical society. He has published "Three Years of Arctic Service "(New York, 1886). See also " The Rescue of Greely," by Capt. Winfield S. Schley, U. S. N. (1885).
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Green, Anna Katharine

Edition of 1900.
​GREEN, Anna Katharine, author, b. in Brooklyn, N. Y., 11 Nov., 1846. She was graduated at Ripley female college, Poultney, Vt., in 1867, and in 1857-60 lived in Buffalo. In November, 1884, she married Charles Rohlfs, of Brooklyn. Her novels, all of which are detective stories, include "The Leavenworth Case " (New York, 1878); "A Strange Disappearance " (1879); " The Sword of Damocles " (1881); " X. Y. Z." (1883); " Hand and Ring " (1888); " The Mill Mystery " (1886); and "7 to 13" (1887). She has also published "The Defence of the Bride, and other Poems " (1883), and "Risifi's Daughter," a dramatic poem (1886).
# Automatic Devices Corporation v. Sinko Tool & Manufacturing Company

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United States Supreme Court
314 U.S. 94
Automatic Devices Corporation v. Sinko Tool & Manufacturing Company
Argued: Oct. 22, 1941. ---
Messrs. Drury W. Cooper and Thomas J. Byrne, both of New York City, and Henry M. Huxley, of Chicago, Ill., for petitioner.
Messrs. Russell Wiles and Bernard A. Schroeder, both of Chicago, Ill., for respondent.
Mr. Justice DOUGLAS delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Autobiography of an Androgyne/Preface

AUTHOR'S PREFACE
From childhood I have been unusually introspective. I began to keep a diary at the age of fourteen, and have continued it up to past the age of forty almost without intermission. Even my earliest diaries dealt with the phenomena of my sexual life, so that in general I have had to keep them under lock and key.
The third physician from whom I sought a cure for my sexual abnormality gave me to understand as early as 1892 that my case was a remarkable one. This pronouncement incited me still further to keep a record of what life brought me with a view to writing an autobiography some day.
In 1899, at the age of twenty-five, I wrote the accompanying account of my life down to that age, and subsequently added accounts of significant events as they occurred. I also from time to time edited and made inserts in what I had already written. As a result, parts of some pages were written in different years. The book has been fated to wait eighteen years for publication, primarily because American medical publishers—on the basis of the attitude of the profession—have had an antipathy against books dealing with abnormal sexual phenomena.
​I wish to impress upon the reader that I have not let the sexual appetite possess first place in my life. It had to have its place, but the appetite itself, exclusive of its effects, occupied only a small place. From this autobiography a hasty reader might obtain the impression that I was completely absorbed in the line of life and thought here presented, that it was all I lived for. But it is to be remembered that the object of the book is to delineate the phenomena of androgynism, passive sexual inversion, and psychical infantilism as they manifested themselves in the life of its writer, and to give only such part of his life as was out of the ordinary. My nonsexual life has been along the same lines as that of all other intellectual workers, and is barely touched upon in this autobiography, that is, only where it has a bearing on the phenomena to be delineated. Taking my adulthood as a whole, the sexual side of life has probably occupied my attention only to the same extent as in the case of the average virile man, although much more than in the case of the average woman.
I am uncertain whether the writing out of my experiences has tended to mitigate my sexual instincts. If it has had any influence in this direction, nearly a score of years has been requisite to make perceptible its curative quality.
My own is not an isolated case. Among most races and in all ages of the world, one individual out of about every three hundred physical males—on a conservative estimate—is by birth predominantly female psychically. I merely furnish an extreme case of passive inversion, and ​my life experience has simply been unusually varied and noteworthy.
The author trusts that every medical man, every lawyer, and every other friend of science who reads this autobiography will thereby be moved to say a kind word for any of the despised and oppressed step-children of Nature—the sexually abnormal by birth—who may happen to be within his field of activity.
The Author
April, 1918.
# Automatic Devices Corporation v. Sinko Tool & Manufacturing Company/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
United States Supreme Court
314 U.S. 94
Automatic Devices Corporation v. Sinko Tool & Manufacturing Company
Argued: Oct. 22, 1941. ---
This is a companion case to Cuno Engineering Corp. v. Automatic Devices Corp., 314 U.S. 84, 62 S.Ct. 37, 86 L.Ed. --, decided this day. The court below held that claims 2, 3, and 11 of the Mead patent (No. 1,736,544) were invalid and not infringed. 7 Cir., 112 F.2d 335. We granted the petition for certiorari limited to the question of validity of those claims. For the reasons stated in Cuno Engineering Corp. v. Automatic Devices Corp., supra, the judgment is
Affirmed.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Automatic Radio Manufacturing Company v. Hazeltine Research

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, quotes, Wikidata item.

## Dissenting Opinion

    Douglas
United States Supreme Court
339 U.S. 827
Automatic Radio Manufacturing Company v. Hazeltine Research
Argued: April 5, 1950. --- Decided: June 5, 1950
See 71 S.Ct. 13.
Mr. Floyd H. Crews, New York City, for petitioner.
Messrs. Laurence B. Dodds, New York City, Philip F. LaFollette, Madison, Wis., for respondent.
[Argument of Counsel from page 828 intentionally omitted]
Mr. Justice MINTON delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Automatic Canteen Company of America v. Federal Trade Commission

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, news, Wikidata item.

## Dissenting Opinion

    Douglas
United States Supreme Court
346 U.S. 61
Automatic Canteen Company of America v. Federal Trade Commission
Argued: Dec. 12 and 15, 1952. --- Decided: June 8, 1953
Mr. Edward F. Howrey, Washington, D.C., for petitioner.
Mr. Robert B. Dawkins, Washington D.C., for respondent.
Mr. Justice FRANKFURTER delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Automobile Club of Michigan v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
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## Dissenting Opinion

    Harlan
United States Supreme Court
353 U.S. 180
Automobile Club of Michigan v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue
Argued: March 6 and 7, 1957. --- Decided: April 22, 1957
See 353 U.S. 989, 77 S.Ct. 1279.
Messrs. Ellsworth C. Alvord, Washington, D.C., and Raymond H. Berry, Detroit, Mich., for the petitioner.
Mr. John N. Stull, Washington, D.C., for the respondent.
Mr. Justice BRENNAN delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume III/Apologetic/A Treatise on the Soul/Chapter XIII

Chapter XIII.—The Soul’s Supremacy.
It next remains to examine where lies the supremacy; in other words, which of the two is superior to the other, so that with which the supremacy clearly lies shall be the essentially superior substance; whilst that over which this essentially superior substance shall have authority shall be considered as the natural functionary of the superior substance. Now who will hesitate to ascribe this entire authority to the soul, from the name of which the whole man has received his own designation in common phraseology? How many souls, says the rich man, do I maintain? not how many minds. The pilot’s desire, also, is to rescue so many souls from shipwreck, not so many minds; the labourer, too, in his work, and the soldier on the field of battle, affirms that he lays down his soul (or life), not his mind. Which of the two has its perils or its vows and wishes more frequently on men’s lips—the mind or the soul? Which of the two are dying persons, said to have to do with the mind or the soul? In short, philosophers themselves, and medical men, even when it is their purpose to discourse about the mind, do in every instance inscribe on their title-page and table of contents, “De Anima” (“A treatise on the soul”). And that you may also have God’s voucher on the subject, it is the soul which He addresses; it is the soul which He exhorts and counsels, to turn the mind and intellect to Him. It is the soul which Christ came to save; it is the soul which He threatens to destroy in hell; it is the soul (or life) which He forbids being made too much of; it is His soul, too (or life), which the good Shepherd Himself lays down for His sheep. It is to the soul, therefore, that you ascribe the supremacy; in it also you possess that union of substance, of which you perceive the mind to be the instrument, not the ruling power.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Substantiæ massa.
* ↑ Faciem operis.
* ↑ Fontem materiæ.
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume III/Apologetic/A Treatise on the Soul/Chapter XL

Chapter XL.—The Body of Man Only Ancillary to the Soul in the Commission of Evil.
Every soul, then, by reason of its birth, has its nature in Adam until it is born again in Christ; moreover, it is unclean all the while that it remains without this regeneration; and because unclean, it is actively sinful, and suffuses even the flesh (by reason of their conjunction) with its own shame. Now although the flesh is sinful, and we are forbidden to walk in accordance with it, and its works are condemned as lusting against the spirit, and men on its account are censured as carnal, yet the flesh has not such ignominy on its own account. For it is not of itself that it thinks anything or feels anything for the purpose of advising or commanding sin. How should it, indeed? It is only a ministering thing, and its ministration is not like that of a servant or familiar friend—animated and human beings; but rather that of a vessel, or something of that kind: it is body, not soul. Now a cup may minister to a thirsty man; and yet, if the thirsty man will not apply the cup to his mouth, the cup will yield no ministering service. Therefore the differentia, or distinguishing property, of man by no means lies in his earthy element; nor is the flesh the human person, as being some faculty of his soul, and a personal quality; but it is a thing of quite a different substance and different condition, although annexed to the soul as a chattel or as an instrument for the offices of life. Accordingly the flesh is blamed in the Scriptures, because nothing is done by the soul without the flesh in operations of concupiscence, appetite, drunkenness, cruelty, idolatry, and other works of the flesh,—operations, I mean, which are not confined to sensations, but result in effects. The emotions of sin, indeed, when not resulting in effects, are usually imputed to the soul: “Whosoever looketh on a woman to lust after, hath already in his heart committed adultery with her.” But what has the flesh alone, without the soul, ever done in operations of virtue, righteousness, endurance, or chastity? What absurdity, however, it is to attribute sin and crime to that substance to which you do not assign any good actions or character of its own! Now the party which aids in the commission of a crime is brought to trial, only in such a way that the principal offender who actually committed the crime may bear the weight of the penalty, although the abettor too does not escape indictment. Greater is the odium which falls on the principal, when his officials are punished through his fault. He is beaten with more stripes who instigates and orders the crime, whilst at the same time he who obeys such an evil command is not acquitted.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Rom. vi. 4.
* ↑ Gal. v. 16.
* ↑ Ver. 17.
* ↑ Rom. viii. 5.
* ↑ Matt. v. 28.
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume III/Apologetic/A Treatise on the Soul/Chapter XLII

Chapter XLII.—Sleep, the Mirror of Death, as Introductory to the Consideration of Death.
It now remains (that we discuss the subject) of death, in order that our subject-matter may terminate where the soul itself completes it; although Epicurus, indeed, in his pretty widely known doctrine, has asserted that death does not appertain to us. That, says he, which is dissolved lacks sensation; and that which is without sensation is nothing to us. Well, but it is not actually death which suffers dissolution and lacks sensation, but the human person who experiences death. Yet even he has admitted suffering to be incidental to the being to whom action belongs. Now, if it is in man to suffer death, which dissolves the body and destroys the senses, how absurd to say that so great a susceptibility belongs not to man! With much greater precision does Seneca say: “After death all comes to an end, even (death) itself.” From which position of his it must needs follow that death will appertain to its own self, since itself comes to an end; and much more to man, in the ending of whom amongst the “all,” itself also ends. Death, (says Epicurus) belongs not to us; then at that rate, life belongs not to us. For certainly, if that which causes our dissolution have no relation to us, that also which compacts and composes us must be unconnected with us. If the deprivation of our sensation be nothing to us, neither can the acquisition of sensation have anything to do with us. The fact, however, is, he who destroys the very soul, (as Epicurus does), cannot help destroying death also. As for ourselves, indeed, (Christians as we are), we must treat of death just as we should of the posthumous life and of some other province of the soul, (assuming) that we at all events belong to death, if it does not pertain to us. And on the same principle, even sleep, which is the very mirror of death, is not alien from our subject-matter.
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume III/Apologetic/A Treatise on the Soul/Chapter XLI

Chapter XLI.—Notwithstanding the Depravity of Man’s Soul by Original Sin, There is Yet Left a Basis Whereon Divine Grace Can Work for Its Recovery by Spiritual Regeneration.
There is, then, besides the evil which supervenes on the soul from the intervention of the evil spirit, an antecedent, and in a certain sense natural, evil which arises from its corrupt origin. For, as we have said before, the corruption of our nature is another nature having a god and father of its own, namely the author of (that) corruption. Still there is a portion of good in the soul, of that original, divine, and genuine good, which is its proper nature.  For that which is derived from God is rather obscured than extinguished. It can be obscured, indeed, because it is not God; extinguished, however, it cannot be, because it comes from God. As therefore light, when intercepted by an opaque body, still remains, although it is not apparent, by reason of the interposition of so dense a body; so likewise the good in the soul, being weighed down by the evil, is, owing to the obscuring character thereof, either not seen at all, its light being wholly hidden, or else only a stray beam is there visible where it struggles through by an accidental outlet. Thus some men are very bad, and some very good; but yet the souls of all form but one genus: even in the worst there is something good, and in the best there is something bad. For God alone is without sin; and the only man without sin is Christ, since Christ is also God. Thus the divinity of the soul bursts forth in prophetic forecasts in consequence of its primeval good; and being conscious of its origin, it bears testimony to God (its author) in exclamations such as: Good God! God knows! and Good-bye! Just as no soul is without sin, so neither is any soul without seeds of good.  Therefore, when the soul embraces the faith, being renewed in its second birth by water and the power from above, then the veil of its former corruption being taken away, it beholds the light in all its brightness. It is also taken up (in its second birth) by the Holy Spirit, just as in its first birth it is embraced by the unholy spirit. The flesh follows the soul now wedded to the Spirit, as a part of the bridal portion—no longer the servant of the soul, but of the Spirit. O happy marriage, if in it there is committed no violation of the nuptial vow!

## Footnotes

* ↑ Deo commendo = God be wi’ ye. De Test. c. ii. p. 176, supra.
# Audit Integrity and Job Protection Act (H.R. 1564; 113th Congress)

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H.R. 1564 as introduced
113th CONGRESS
1st Session
H. R. 1564
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
April 15, 2013
Mr. Hurt (for himself and Mr. Meeks ) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Financial Services
A BILL
To amend the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 to prohibit the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board from requiring public companies to use specific auditors or require the use of different auditors on a rotating basis.

# Section 1. Short title

This Act may be cited as the “Audit Integrity and Job Protection Act”.

# Sec. 2. Limitation on authority relating to auditors

Section 103 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (15 U.S.C. 7213) is amended by adding at the end the following:

   ## (e) Limitation on authority–

   The Board shall have no authority under this title to require that audits conducted for a particular issuer in accordance with the standards set forth under this section be conducted by specific auditors, or that such audits be conducted for an issuer by different auditors on a rotating basis..
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
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