OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Foulis, Henry

​FOULIS, HENRY (1638–1669), author, was second son of Sir Henry Foulis, second baronet, of Ingleby, Yorkshire, and was grandson of Sir David Foulis [q. v.] Born at Ingleby in 1638, he was educated by a presbyterian master at York, became a commoner of Queen's College, Oxford, 6 June 1654, proceeded B.A. 3 Feb. 1656, and M.A. on 25 June 1659, was incorporated B.A. of Cambridge in 1658, and on 31 Jan. 1659–60 was elected fellow of Lincoln College. He studied divinity; took the degree of B.D. on 7 Nov. 1667, and became sub-rector of his college. He was warmly attached to the church of England, and attacked with equal venom the presbyterians and papists. His death, ‘occasioned,’ says Wood, ‘by a generous and good-natured intemperance,’ took place on 24 Dec. 1669, and he was buried in the chancel of St. Michael's Church, Oxford. His works are: 1. ‘The History of the Wicked Plots and Conspiracies of our pretended Saints, the Presbyterians,’ fol. London, 1662; Oxford, 1674. 2. ‘The History of the Romish Treasons and Usurpations, with an Account of many gross Corruptions and Impostures of the Church of Rome,’ fol. London, 1671, 1681. The former work, dedicated to his elder brother, Sir David (1633–1694), and his brother's wife, Catherine (d. 1717), proved so acceptable to the royalists, with many of whose views Foulis had little sympathy, that it was ‘chained to desks in public places and in some churches to be read by the vulgar.’ The delay in the publication of the second book, which appeared after the author's death, was caused by ‘a knavish bookseller.’ Notes for other works were burnt by Foulis on his deathbed. An account, drawn up by Foulis, of all the sermons preached before parliament between 1640 and 1648 is among the Ashmolean MSS. in the Bodleian Library. Anthony à Wood was an intimate friend, and made a catalogue of Foulis's library.
S. L. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Foulis, David

​FOULIS, Sir DAVID (d. 1642), politician, was third son of James Foulis, by Agnes Heriot of Lumphoy, and great-grandson of Sir James Foulis of Colinton (d. 1549) [q. v.] From 1594 onwards he was actively engaged in politics, and many of his letters are calendared in Thorpe's ‘Scottish State Papers.’ He came to England with James I in 1603; was knighted 13 May of that year; was created honorary M.A. at Oxford 30 Aug. 1605 (Oxf. Univ. Reg. vol. ii. pt. i. p. 237, Oxf. Hist. Soc.); was naturalised by act of parliament in April 1606; obtained with Lord Sheffield and others in 1607 a patent for making alum in Yorkshire (Cartwright, Chapters in Yorkshire History, p. 195); purchased the manor of Ingleby, Yorkshire, from Ralph, lord Eure, in 1609; and was made a baronet of England 6 Feb. 1619–20. He acted as cofferer to both Prince Henry and Prince Charles. Sir David, high in the favour of James I, was the recipient in 1614 of the famous letter of advice to the king sent from Italy by Sir Robert Dudley, titular duke of Northumberland [q. v.] In 1629 Foulis gave evidence respecting the document after it had been discovered in the library of Sir Robert Bruce Cotton [q. v.] As member of the council of the north he chafed against Wentworth's despotic exercise of the president's authority, and in July 1632 not only denied that the council existed by parliamentary authority, but charged Wentworth with malversation of the public funds. Wentworth indignantly repudiated the accusation, and Foulis appealed in vain to Charles I for protection from Wentworth's vengeance while offering to bring the gentry of Yorkshire to a better temper. He was dismissed from the council, was summoned before the Star-chamber, was ordered to pay 5,000l. to the crown and 3,000l. to Wentworth, and was sent to the Fleet in default (1633). There he remained till the Long parliament released him, 16 March 1640–1 (Lords' Journals, iv. 155 a; Gardiner, History, vii. 139–40, 232–7). Foulis appeared as a witness against Strafford at the trial in 1641 (Rushworth, Trial, pp. 149–54). He died at Ingleby in 1642. By his wife Cordelia, daughter of William Fleetwood of Great Missenden, Buckinghamshire—she died in August 1631 and was buried at Ingleby—he was father of five sons and two daughters. Foulis was the author of ‘A Declaration of the Diet and Particular Fare of King Charles I when Duke of York,’ printed in 1802 by Mr. Edmund Turnor in ‘Archæologia,’ xv. 1–12 (Nichols, Illustrations, vi. 596).
The eldest son and second baronet, Sir Henry, was fined 500l. by the Star-chamber when his father was punished in 1633; was ​lieutenant-general of horse under Sir Thomas Fairfax in 1643; married Mary, eldest daughter of Sir T. Layton, knight, of Sexhowe, and was father of Henry Foulis [q. v.] A second son, Robert, was a colonel in the parliamentary army. The baronetcy became extinct on the death of the eighth baronet, the Rev. Sir Henry Foulis, on 7 Oct. 1876.
S. L. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Foulis, James (1714-1791)

​FOULIS, Sir JAMES (1714–1791), fifth baronet of Colinton, eldest son of Henry Foulis, third son of the third baronet, was born in 1714. He succeeded his uncle, the fourth baronet, in July 1742. In his youth he was an officer in the army, but he retired from the service early, and devoted himself to the pursuits of a country gentleman and to literature. He dedicated much of his leisure to recondite researches, and in 1781 contributed to the 'Transactions of the Antiquarian Society of Scotland' a dissertation on the origin of the Scots, in which his proofs and conjectures were founded upon an intimate acquaintance with the ancient Celtic language. He also left among his papers for posthumous publication memoranda of a series of investigations into the origin of the ancient names of places in Scotland. Foulis died at Colinton, near Edinburgh, 3 Jan. 1791.
[Anderson's Scottish Nation; Gent. Mag. 1791.]
G. B. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Foulis, James (1645?-1711)

​FOULIS, JAMES, Lord Reidfurd (1645?–1711), Scotch judge, eldest son of Sir James Foulis, lord Colinton [q. v.], whom he succeeded as third baronet in 1688, was born about 1645. His father ' bestowed liberally ' upon his education. He studied at Leyden (Peacock, Index to Leyden Students, p. 37), and was admitted advocate 8 June 1669. He was appointed lord of session November 1674, when he took the courtesy title of Lord Reidfurd. His father then sat on the bench as Lord Colinton. Foulis was elected commissioner for Edinburghshire on 20 Jan. 1685, was a supporter of the extreme measures of the government, but continued to sit after the revolution, ' until his seat was declared vacant, 25 April 1693, because he had not taken the oath of allegiance and signed the assurance' (Foster, Parliamentary Returns). After the death of William III he was made colonel of the Midlothian militia, and sworn of the privy council (1703). He opposed the union. Foulis married Margaret, daughter of John Boyd, dean of guild, Edinburgh, by whom he had several children. On his death, in 1711, he was succeeded in the baronetcy by his eldest son James, with whom he is sometimes confounded—e.g. by Anderson. Foulis was engaged in a somewhat complicated lawsuit with Dame Margaret Erskine, Lady Castlehaven, his stepmother, as to her interest in his father's estates. The chief papers were published, with notes by him, or compiled under his direction, and exhibit some details as to Scotch aristocratic life and customs of the period ('An Exact and Faithful relation of the Process pursued by Dame Margaret Areskine, Lady Castlehaven, against Sir James Foulis, now of Collingtoun,' Edinburgh, 1690). Among the Lauderdale MSS. are various official reports and addresses to Charles II and the Duke of Lauderdale, to which the signature of Foulis is appended.
F. W-t.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Fothergill, John Milner

​FOTHERGILL, JOHN MILNER, M.D. (1841–1888), medical writer, son of a surgeon, was born at Morland, Westmoreland, on 11 April 1841, studied at the university of Edinburgh, and there graduated M.D. 1865. He afterwards studied at Vienna and Berlin and began professional work as a general practitioner at Morland, whence he soon after moved to Leeds, and in 1872 came to London, was admitted a member of the College of Physicians, and endeavoured to get into practice as a physician. He obtained appointments at two small hospitals, the City of London Hospital for Diseases of the Chest and the West London Hospital; but when asked some years later how he throve, replied, ‘The private patient seems to me to be an extinct animal.’ He worked, however, with untiring energy, and wrote ‘The Heart and its Diseases,’ ‘The Practitioner's Handbook of Treatment,’ ‘The Physical Factor in Diagnosis,’ ‘Vaso renal Change versus Bright's Disease.’ In his writings his expressions about those with whom he did not agree are violent, and he often makes positive general assertions without sufficient grounds for them; but he sometimes admitted his errors, and struggled hard with numerous difficulties in life. He was a man of enormous weight, with a large head and very thick neck, and so continued till he died of diabetes, from which and from gout he had long suffered. He resided in Henrietta Street, Cavendish Square, London, and there died on 28 June 1888. A distinguished lecturer on materia medica has expressed the opinion that the most valuable of Fothergill's writings are ‘An Essay on the Action of Digitalis,’ written in his early life, and ‘The Antagonism of Therapeutic Agents, and what it teaches,’ published in 1878.
[Lancet, 14 July 1888; Works; information from Dr. Lauder Brunton.]
N. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Foulis, James (1770-1842)

​FOULIS, Sir JAMES (1770–1842), of Woodhall, seventh baronet of Colinton, born 9 Sept. 1770, was the great-grandson of William Foulis of Woodhall, second son of Sir John Foulis, first baronet of Ravelston, by Margaret, daughter of Sir Archibald Primrose of Carrington. Foulis had a fine taste for the arts, and was both a painter and a sculptor. In the council-room of Gillespie's Hospital, Edinburgh, is a striking portrait of the founder by Sir James. He married in 1810 Agnes, daughter of John Grier of Edinburgh, by whom he had two sons and two daughters. Foulis died in April 1842, and was succeeded by his elder son, Sir William Liston Foulis, who became eighth baronet, and the representative of the three houses of Colinton, Woodhall, and Ravelston. He married first a daughter of Captain Ramage Liston, R.N., and grandniece and heiress of the Right Hon. Sir Robert Liston, G.C.B., ambassador to Turkey. By this lady ​he had two sons and one daughter. He married, secondly, the eldest daughter of Robert Cadell. The eighth baronet died in 1858, and was succeeded by his elder son, Sir James, born in 1847.
G. B. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Ellis, Henry (1777-1855)

​ELLIS, Sir HENRY (1777–1855), diplomatist, was born in 1777, and at an early age entered upon a public career. After performing various minor services, in 1814 he was sent out to Persia as minister plenipotentiary ad interim, and returned from that country in the following year, having success ​fully negotiated a treaty of peace. In 1816 he accompanied Earl Amherst in his embassy to China, in the capacity of third commissioner. A mission to China was then so rare an event in the history of Europe, that Ellis published in 1817 an authorised narrative of the journey and transactions of the embassy [see Amherst, William Pitt]. On their return from China in the Alceste, Amherst and Ellis were wrecked. They were forced to make for Java in an open boat, and reached Batavia after a perilous voyage of several hundred miles. Ellis reported that an impression could only be produced at Pekin by a knowledge of the strength of England, rather than by pompous embassies. Ellis, who was tory M.P. for Boston 1820–1, was commissioner of customs 1824–5, was clerk of the pells from 1825 until the abolition of that office in 1834, and commissioner of the board of control 1830–5. In 1830 he issued a ‘Series of Letters on the East India Question,’ addressed to the members of the two houses of parliament. In the earlier part of his career Ellis had been for six years in the civil service of the East India Company; and at the Bengal presidency he held the post of private secretary to the president of the board of control when the acts regulating the territorial government and trade of the East India Company were passed (1812–14). He had thus much experience of the subject, and recommended the abandonment of exclusive privileges by the company and a considerate treatment of the company by the English government. In July 1835 Ellis was appointed ambassador to Persia, but he relinquished that appointment in November of the following year. He was despatched on an extraordinary and special mission to the Brazils in August 1842, and at the close of 1848 he was appointed by the British government to attend the conference at Brussels on the affairs of Italy. Ellis was made a privy councillor in 1832, and in 1848 was created a K.C.B. On his retirement from the diplomatic service he was awarded a pension of 1,400l. per annum, together with a second pension for the abolished office of clerk of the pells. He died at Brighton, 28 Sept. 1855.
[Ann. Reg. 1855; Gent. Mag. 1855; Ellis's works cited above.]
G. B. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Ellis, James

​ELLIS, JAMES (1763?–1830), antiquary, son of William Ellis, a glover, of Hexham, was born about January 1763. He practised as a solicitor in Hexham, and then at Newcastle. He was the author of some verses referred to in Richardson's 'Table Book,' and had an extensive knowledge of Border history. He communicated materials on the latter subject to Sir Walter Scott, who was sometimes his guest at Otterburne Hall in Northumberland, a mansion which Ellis had purchased. Scott calls him 'a learned antiquary.' Ellis died 25 (or 26) March 1830.
W. W.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Ellis, John (1599?-1665)

​ELLIS, JOHN (1599?–1665), divine, born at Llandecwyn, Merionethshire, in or about 1599, entered Hart Hall, Oxford, in 1617, where, 'going through with infinite industry the several classes of logic and philosophy,' he proceeded B.A. 27 Feb. 1621, M.A. 29 April 1625 (Wood, Fasti Oxon., ed. Bliss, i. 397, 422). Three years later, having taken orders, he was elected fellow of Jesus College, and became B.D. 9 May 1632 (ib. i. 466). On going to Scotland soon afterwards he was admitted D.D. in the university of St. Andrews 'on the day before the calends of August' 1634, and on 21 Oct. following was incorporated at Oxford (ib. i. 477). Having before that time married Rebekhah, daughter of John Pettie of Stoke-Talmage, Oxfordshire, he was presented to the rectory of the neighbouring parish of Wheatfield, which he held until 1647, 'or thereabouts,' when he obtained the rectory of Dolgelly, Merionethshire. There he died in 1665, having, says Wood, 'sided with all parties and taken all oaths.' He was buried in the churchyard. His works are: 1. 'Commentarium in Obadiam Prophetam,' 8vo, London, 1641. 2.'Clavis Fidei, seu brevia quædam in Symbolum Apostolicum dictata scholaribus Aulæ Cervinæ in Academia Oxoniensi publicis prælectionibus proposita,' 12mo, Oxford, 1643. It was translated into English by William Fowler, 'a composer in the art of printing,' 8vo, Cambridge, 1669, and by H. Handley, 8vo, London, 1842. 3. 'Defensio Fidei: seu Responsio succincta ad Argumenta quibus impugnari solet Confessio Anglicana, unà cum nova Articulorum Versione,' 12mo, London, 1660 (a 2nd edit, as 'Articulorum xxxix Ecclesiæ Anglicanæ Defensio,' &c., together with the Lambeth Articles, appeared many years after Ellis's death, 12mo, Cambridge, 1694, and was often reprinted. An English version, by J. L. of Sutton Court, was published, 8vo, London, 1700).
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Ellis, Humphrey

​ELLIS, HUMPHREY, D.D. (d. 1676), catholic divine, whose true name was Waring, belonged to a family 'of great antiquity and good account,' and finished his theological studies at the English College at Douay. On 25 Aug. 1628 he was sent from Douay, with nine other students, under the care of the Rev. Joseph Harvey, to take possession of the English College which had just been founded at Lisbon. There he pursued his theological studies under Thomas White [q. v.], alias Blackloe, and by degrees became professor of philosophy and divinity, doctor in the latter faculty, and president of the ​college. Afterwards he returned to England, and was elected dean of the chapter at the general assembly held in November 1657, but he did not take the oath attached to the office until 14 Oct. 1660, although in the meantime he acted in the capacity of dean. By his brethren of the chapter he was highly esteemed, but his position naturally rendered him obnoxious to the Jesuits and Franciscans, who were strongly opposed to the introduction of a bishop. The Abate Claudius Agretti, canon of Bruges and minister-apostolic in Belgium, who was sent by the pope on a special mission to examine into the condition of ecclesiastical affairs in England in 1669, stated in his report that Ellis was extremely anxious for the confirmation of the chapter, and was even willing that his holiness should create a new dean and chapter, omitting all the existing members. Agretti doubted, however, whether they would really assent to this sacrifice. He described Ellis as 'noble, esteemed, learned, and moderate, but withal tinged with Blackloeism.' Ellis died in July 1676.
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Batty, Robert (1763?-1849)

​BATTY, ROBERT, M.D. (1763?–1849), was born at Kirkby Lonsdale, Westmoreland. He graduated M.D. at the university of St. Andrews on 30 Aug. 1797, shortly after which he settled in London as obstetric physician. On 30 Sept. 1800 he was admitted by the College of Physicians a licen​tiate in midwifery, and on 22 Dec. 1806 a licentiate of the college. He was physician to the Lying-in Hospital, Brownlow Street, and for some years acted as editor of the ‘Medical and Physical Journal.’ Like his son, Colonel Robert Batty [q. v.], he was long known as an amateur artist (Gent. Mag. new ser. xxxiii. pt. i. 110). He spent his last years at Fairlight Lodge, Hastings, where he died on 16 Nov. 1849 at the age of eighty-six. His portrait by Dance was engraved by Daniell.
[Gent. Mag. new ser. xxxiv. 293; Munk's Coll. of Phys. (1878), iii. 19.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Battine, William

1904 Errata appended.
​BATTINE, WILLIAM (1765–1836), holder of many legal offices, and poetical writer, was born at East Morden, Sussex, 25 Jan. 1765. Through his mother's family, he was stated to be one of the coheirs of the long dormant barony of Bray, but he never publicly urged his claim. He was educated at Trinity Hall, Cambridge, where he appears to have obtained a fellowship at a precociously early age; he took the degree of LL.B. in 1780, and that of LL.D. in 1785. On 3 Nov. 1785, he was admitted fellow of the College of Doctors of Law, in London, and soon secured a large practice in the ecclesiastical and admiralty courts. From the year 1812 until 1827 he was one of the gentlemen of the privy chamber in ordinary. He is said to have lived on intimate terms with the king when Prince of Wales, and was credited with having settled a quarrel between the prince and his father. For many years Battine was advocate-general in the high court of admiralty, and chancellor of the diocese of Lincoln; he held besides several other minor legal offices. He was elected a fellow of the Royal Society on 1 June 1797 (Thomson's Royal Society). In his old age he contracted many eccentric habits, and, having squandered the wealth he had acquired in his profession, lived in great poverty. He died 5 Sept. 1836, and was, according to his own directions, buried five days later with great privacy in the church of St. George the Martyr, Southwark.
Battine published, in 1822, a dramatic poem, entitled ‘Another Cain: a Mystery.’ It was written, its author tells us, ‘to correct the blasphemy put into the mouth of Lucifer’ in Lord Byron's ‘Cain.’ An undated ‘Letter to the Judges of the King's Bench,’ in pamphlet form, was also published by Battine. It urges that gentlemen of the privy chamber are exempt by privilege from arrest in civil suits, an indignity to which Battine had himself apparently been subjected.
S. L. L.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.18 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 421 | i | 23-22 f.e. | Battine, William: for Throughout the reign of George IV read From 1812 to 1827 |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bavand, William

​BAVAND, WILLIAM (fl. 1559), having been educated at Oxford, became a student in the Middle Temple, and published in 1559 ‘A work touching the good ordering of a Common Weale in 9 Books,’ a translation from Ferrarius Montanus. The book is dedicated to Queen Elizabeth. Scattered up and down the work are several verse-translations of passages from classical poets. Jasper Heywood, in his translation of Seneca's ‘Thyestes’ (1560), mentions Bavand in these words:—
There Bavande bides that turned his toil  A common wealth to frame, And greater grace in English gives  To worthy authors name.
[Tanner's Bibliotheca Britannico-Hibernica; Wood's Athenæ (ed. Bliss), i. 310.]
A. H. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Batty, Robert (d.1848)

​BATTY, ROBERT (d. 1848), lieutenant-colonel and amateur draughtsman, was the son of Dr. Batty, of Hastings [q. v.] At the age of fifteen he went to Italy, and was able there to cultivate his natural fondness for art. He was educated at Caius College, Cambridge. He entered first for the army, but afterwards returned to Cambridge and took the M.B. degree in 1813. After this, however, he served with the grenadier guards in the campaign in the western Pyrenees, and at Waterloo. He published an account of these exploits in a quarto volume, with plates etched by himself, and called ‘The Campaign of the Left Wing of the Allied Army in the Western Pyrenees and South of France, 1813–14.’ This was followed by ‘A Sketch of the Campaign of 1815.’ He published also several volumes of the scenery of different countries: ‘French Scenery,’ 1822; ‘German Scenery’ and ‘Welsh Scenery,’ 1823; ‘Scenery of the Rhine, Belgium and Holland,’ 1826; ‘Hanoverian, Saxon, and Danish Scenery,’ 1828; ‘Scenery in India,’ and ‘Select Views of the principal Cities of Europe,’ 1830–33. He exhibited at the Royal Academy at different times between 1825 and 1832. He died in London on 20 Nov. 1848. ‘His industry was great, his works carefully and truthfully drawn, his architecture correct in its proportions and outlines’ (Redgrave). His sister is stated to have published a series of views of Italian scenery.
E. R.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Baty, Richard

​BATY, RICHARD (d. 1758), divine, was born at Arthuret, Cumberland, and was educated at Glasgow University, where he received the degree of M.A. in 1725. For seven years from that date he was curate of Kirkandrew-upon-Esk, in his native country, and in 1732 was presented by the patron, Viscount Preston, to the rectory of the parish. Baty built a parsonage for himself at his own expense, and for the use of his parishioners provided a ferry for the first time across the river Esk, which ran through the town, and across which there was no bridge. He insisted on the importance of education, and promoted the erection of a schoolhouse in the neighbourhood. His genial temper made him popular with all classes of his neighbours, and with the noblemen and gentlemen on both sides of the border; but he was held by some to be too profuse in his hospitality. He studied the eye and its diseases, and had a local fame as a skilful oculist.
Baty published at Newcastle: 1. ‘A Sermon on the Sacrament, with prayers for the use of persons in private,’ 1751. 2. ‘Seasonable Advice to a Careless World,’ 1756. 3. ‘The Young Clergyman's Companion in Visiting the Sick.’ He died in 1758.
[Hutchinson's Hist. of Cumberland, ii. 681; Chalmers's Biog. Dict.]