OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Arthur v. Sussfield

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
96 U.S. 128
Arthur v. Sussfield
ERROR to the Circuit Court of the United States for the Southern District of New York.
In 1872 and 1873, the plaintiffs, Sussfield, Lorsch, & Co., imported, at New York, a quantity of spectacles made of glass and steel.
Arthur, the collector, held them to be subject to a duty of forty-five per cent, under the third section of the act of June 30, 1864, which reads, 'On all manufactures of steel, or of which steel shall be a component part, not otherwise provided for, forty-five per cent' (13 Stat. 205), and exacted the duty at that rate.
The importers insisted that the duties were to be chargeable under the ninth section of the same act, which reads, 'On pebles for spectacles and all manufactures of glass, or of which glass shall be a component material, not otherwise provided for, forty per cent.' Id. 211.
Having paid the duty under protest, they brought suit to recover the alleged excess. The court below held the goods to be dutiable under the ninth section of the act of 1864. There was a verdict and judgment for the plaintiffs. The collector then brought the case here.
Mr. Assistant-Attorney-General Smith for the plaintiff in error.
Mr. Edward Hartley, contra.
MR. JUSTICE HUNT delivered the opinion of the court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Arthur v. Rheims/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
United States Supreme Court
96 U.S. 143
Arthur v. Rheims
The question for decision in this case is, whether the defendant in error is entitled to the deduction of ten per cent allowed by the act of June 6, 1872.
Under the act of 1864, the duty of fifty per cent was imposed on 'artificial and ornamental feathers and flowers, or parts thereof, of whatever material composed, not otherwise provided for, beads and bead ornaments.' 13 Stat. 213. As no other provision was made, the goods were presumably subject to this duty.
The act of June 6, 1872 (17 id. 231), provides, in its second section, as follows:--
'That on and after the 1st of August, 1872, in lieu of the duties imposed by law on the articles in this section enumerated, there shall be levied, collected, and paid on the goods, wares, and merchandise in this section enumerated and provided for, imported from foreign countries, ninety per cent of the several duties and rates of duties now imposed by law on said articles severally, it being the intent of this section to reduce existing duties on such articles ten per cent of such duties; that is to say, on all manufactures of cotton of which cotton is the component part of chief value; . . . on all iron and steel, and all manufactures of iron and steel of which shch metals, or either of them, shall be the component part of chief value, excepting cotton machinery.'
Many other articles are named.
The general words of the act of 1872, no doubt, are sufficiently comprehensive to embrace the case before us. Artificial flowers are a manufacture of which cotton is the chief component, and, were that all, would be entitled to the deduction asked for.
But it is true, also, that they are dutiable under the law of 1864, not as a manufacture of cotton, but specifically, eo nomine, as artificial flowers. It has been held in many cases,-as that of 'almonds and dried fruits,' the 'canary birds,' and at the present term, in the case of 'thread laces' and of 'chocolate,'-that, when an article is intended to be made dutiable by its specific designation, it will not be affected by the general words of the same or another statute, which would otherwise embrace it.
This rule applies both to statutes reducing and to statutes increasing duties. Giving it such application here, we must hold that 'artificial flowers' are not entitled to be classed as a manufacture of cotton which is entitled to the reduction provided for by act of 1872.
The ruling in this respect was erroneous, and the judgment must be reversed; and it is

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Arthur v. Stephant

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
96 U.S. 125
Arthur v. Stephant
ERROR to the Circuit Court of the United States for the Southern District of New York.
This was an action by A. Stephani & Co., to recover an alleged excess of duty paid upon certain chocolate imported by them from Liverpool, in 1873, and upon which the collector of the port of New York, holding it to be 'confectionery,' exacted a duty of fifty cents per pound ad valorem, under the first section of the act of June 30, 1864 (13 Stat. 202). The importers claimed it to be dutiable as 'chocolate,' under the first section of the act of June 6, 1872 (17 id. 231), which imposes a duty of five cents per pound.
The case was tried by the court below, without the intervention of a jury; and, by an agreed statement of facts, it was admitted that the chocolate was in boxes containing thirty-six little bricks, done up in separate papers, each box weighing about half a pound; and that the chocolate, being such as is ordinarily sold by confectioners as confectionery, and by the box or package, was valued at over thirty cents per pound. It was also admitted that chocolate comes in other forms.
Judgment having been rendered in favor of the plaintiffs, the collector brought the case here.
Mr. Assistant-Attorney-General Smith for the plaintiff in error.
Mr. Edward Hartley, contra.
MR. JUSTICE HUNT delivered the opinion of the court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Arthur v. Morrison

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
96 U.S. 108
Arthur v. Morrison
ERROR to the Circuit Court of the United States for the Southern District of New York.
Morrison and others brought this suit to recover the sum exacted from them by Arthur, the collector of the port of New York, in excess of what they protested was the lawful duty upon certain imported veils.
The portion of the eighth section of the act of June 30, 1864, c. 171, 13 Stat. 210, applicable to the case, is as follows:
'That on and after the day and year aforesaid, in lieu of the duties heretofore imposed by law on the articles hereinafter mentioned, there shall be levied, collected, and paid, on the goods, wares, and merchandise enumerated and provided for in this section, imported from foreign countries, the following duties and rates of duties; that is to say, . . . on silk vestings, pongees, shawls, scarfs, mantillas, pelerines, handkerchiefs, veils, laces, shirts, drawers, bonnets, hats, caps, turbans, chemisettes, hose, mitts, aprons, stockings, gloves, suspenders, watch-chains, webbing, braids, fringes, galloons, tassels, cords, and trimmings,-sixty per cent ad valorem. On all manufactures of silk, or of which silk is the component material of chief value, not otherwise provided for, fifty per cent ad valorem.'
The collector pleaded that the moneys sued for were a part of the lawful duty of sixty per cent ad valorem for 'silk veils' imported by the plaintiffs. They replied, that the veils were not 'silk veils,' but a manufacture of silk, and were 'crape veils;' that at the time of the passage of the act of June 30, 1864, they were commercially known among importers and dealers, and were bought and sold, as 'crape veils,' and never otherwise, and were liable to a duty of fifty per cent ad valorem as a manufacture of silk. The defendant demurred to the replication. The demurrer was overruled, and judgment rendered for the plaintiffs. The defendant sued out this writ of error.
Mr. Assistant-Attorney-General Smith for the plaintiff in error.
Mr. Edward Hartley, contra.
MR. JUSTICE HUNT delivered the opinion of the court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Ayala, Juan Bautista de

Edition of 1900.
​AYALA, Juan Bautista de, explorer, known only in connection with the early exploration of San Francisco bay in 1775. The bay had been discovered only six years before. Ayala was a Spanish lieutenant, in command of the transport “San Carlos,” and his was the first European vessel to enter the Golden Gate. He remained about forty days, making surveys, and on his return to Monterey reported concerning the excellent character of the harbor. The visit of Sir Francis Drake in the 16th century can not have been actually made to the bay of San Francisco, hence the assured priority of Ayala as explorer in this place.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Axayacatl

Edition of 1900.
​AXAYACATL (ah-sha-ya-ka'-tl), the eighth Mexican king, d. in 1477. He effected the conquest of Tehuantepec as far as Huatulco. The Tlaltelolcans and other people attacked the Mexicans again, but were repulsed, their king, Moquihuix, was killed, and the Tlaltelolco country remained under Mexican rule. Axayacatl, having thus united the two kingdoms, began a campaign against the inhabitants of the Tolocan and Txtlahuaca valleys, but it was ended by his death.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Axopil

Edition of 1900.
​AXOPIL, son and successor of Nimá-Quiché (or Great-Quiché), king of the Quiché tribes that went to Central America after the fall of the Mexican empire of Tula, about 1052. Axopil was an able chieftain, who extended the limits of his nation and promoted its civilization and prosperity. In his old age he divided his dominions, giving the Cakchiquel kingdom to his son Jintemal, and that of Zutuhil, or Atitlán, to his son Axicoat, keeping for himself the kingdom of Quiché.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Ayllón, Lucas Vázquez de

Edition of 1900.
​AYLLÓN, Lucas Vázquez de (ah-eel-yon'), Spanish adventurer, d. in Virginia, 18 Oct., 1526. He was appointed a member of the superior court in Santo Domingo. Cortés sent him to negotiate an agreement with Velazquez, but he did not succeed in effecting it either with Velazquez or with Narvaez, who commanded the fleet of the latter. Ayllón sent an expedition to Florida in 1520, under Gordillo, who, in 1521, landed in lat. 33º 30', and carried off into slavery seventy Indians. Ayllon obtained a grant of the new country, fitted out another vessel, which restored the captives, and in 1526 sailed himself with 500 colonists, landed at the mouth of the Santee; sailed northward to the Chesapeake, and on the site of Jamestown founded the settlement of San Miguel de Guandape, which, after his death from swamp fever, was abandoned by the colonists, only 150 of whom reached San Domingo alive.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Bagot, Charles

Edition of 1900.
​BAGOT, sir Charles, British Diplomatist, b. in Blithfield, Stafford co., England, 23 Sept., 1781; d. in Kingston, Canada, 18 May, 1843. He was the second son of William, first Lord Bagot. In 1807 he was made under foreign secretary of state; in 1814 was sent on a special mission to Paris; was minister-plenipotentiary at Washington from 1816 to 1819; in 1820 was appointed ambassador to Russia; in 1824 was sent on a similar mission to Holland; and in 1834 was sent as a special ambassador to Austria. On 10 June, 1842, after the death of Lord Sydenham, he became governor-general of British North America, which office he retained until his death.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Avilés, Pedro Menéndez de

Edition of 1900.
​AVILÉS, Pedro Menéndez de (ah-vee-les'), Spanish sailor, b. in 1523; d. in 1574. He rendered good services to Emperors Maximilian and Charles V. when fighting under letters of marque against the French fleets. He was appointed captain-general of the route to the West Indies, and conquered Florida, of which he became both military and civil governor. He died while making preparations to join the armada that was sent by Philip II. against England.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Axicoat

Edition of 1900.
​AXICOAT, a Zutuhil king, one of the sons of the Quiché king, Axopil, flourished in the 11th century. Axicoat, being ambitious, declared war against his brother Jintemal, the Cakchiquel king, and their father had to mediate between them to restore peace. But just before Axopil died he gave his Quiché kingdom to Jintemal, which caused a new and terrible war with Axicoat, both wishing to possess all the territories near the borders of Lake Atitlán.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Ayer, James Cook

Edition of 1900.
​AYER, James Cook, manufacturer, b. in Groton, Conn., 5 May, 1818; d. in Winchendon, Mass., 3 July, 1878. At the age of thirteen he removed to Lowell, and there resided with his uncle. His education was obtained at the public schools, where at one time he was a classmate of Gen. Butler, and subsequently at the Westford academy, after which he was apprenticed to James C. Robbins, a druggist in Lowell. While there he studied medicine, and later he was graduated at the medical department of the university of Pennsylvania. He never practised, but devoted his principal attention to pharmaceutical chemistry and the compounding of medicines. His success in this line was very great, and soon led him to establish in Lowell a factory for the manufacture of his medicinal preparations, which became one of the largest of its kind in the world, and was magnificently equipped. He accumulated a fortune estimated at $20,000,000. Much of his success was due to his advertising, and he published annually an almanac, 5,000,000 copies of which were gratuitously distributed each year. Editions in English, French, German, Portuguese, and Spanish, were regularly issued. In 1874 he accepted the republican nomination for congress in the 7th Massachusetts district, but was defeated. Anxiety and care brought about a brain difficulty, and for some time prior to his death he was confined in an asylum. His widow died 3 Jan., 1898.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Badger, Oscar C.

Edition of 1900. The 1891 edition notes he entered the navy from Pennsylvania on 9 Sept., 1841.
​BADGER, Oscar C., naval officer, b. in Windham, Conn., 12 Aug., 1823; d. in Concord, Mass., 20 June, 1899. He entered the navy as a midshipman, served on the steamer “Mississippi” on the eastern coast of Mexico during the war with that country, and participated in the attack on Alvarado in 1846. He was made passed midshipman 10 Aug., 1847, from that time until 1852 was on various ships of the Pacific squadron, and in 1853-'4 at the naval observatory. On 15 Sept., 1855, he was made lieutenant, and, while attached to the sloop “John Adams” in 1855-'6, he commanded a party that attacked and destroyed the village of Vutia, Feejee islands. In 1861-'2 he commanded the steamer “Anacostia,” of the Potomac flotilla, and Lieut. Wyman, the commander of the flotilla, often mentioned in his reports the precision of fire of Badger's vessel. He was made lieutenant-commander on 16 July, 1862, and commanded the iron-clads “Patapsco” and “Montauk” in the engagements with the forts and batteries in Charleston harbor in 1863. In the night attack on Fort Sumter, 1 Sept., 1863, he was on the flag-ship “Weehawken,” as acting fleet captain, when he was severely wounded in the leg by a metallic splinter. After this he was on shore duty until 1866, and on 23 July of that year was made commander. From 1866 to 1867 he commanded the “Peoria,” of the North Atlantic squadron, and received a vote of thanks from the legislatures of the islands of Antigua and St. Kitts for services rendered to the authorities. From 1868 to 1870 he was at the Portsmouth navy-yard. In 1872 he was made captain, and on 15 Nov., 1881, commodore. In 1885 he was placed on the retired list.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Backus, Franklin Thomas

Edition of 1900.
​BACKUS, Franklin Thomas, lawyer, b. in Lee, Mass., 6 May, 1813; d. in Cleveland, Ohio, 14 May, 1870. He lived on a farm near Lansing, N.Y., was graduated at Yale in 1836, studied law in Cleveland, and was admitted to the bar in 1839. He was elected prosecuting attorney of the county in 1841, and was sent to the Ohio house of representatives in 1846, and to the state senate in 1848. He was a delegate to the peace congress at Washington in 1861. He supported McClellan for president in 1864, and was a delegate to the national convention that met at Philadelphia in 1866 to form a new party. He gained especial distinction in the early part of his career as prosecuting attorney at the trial of Brooks, who was sentenced to life-long imprisonment for wrecking a train, and as attorney for the Oberlin rescuers, who had assisted in the escape of a slave. In his latter years he was much consulted in railroad cases, and was influential in settling the principles governing the Ohio courts regarding railroads.
# Aunt Caroline's Dixieland Recipes/Cakes/Cabin Cake

CABIN CAKE
To whites of eight eggs beaten stiff, add one cup of butter and two cups of sugar creamed together. Next add three-fourths cup of milk, three cups of flour, two teaspoonsful of baking powder and one teaspoonful of vanilla. Bake in layers in moderate oven.
# Aunt Caroline's Dixieland Recipes/Cakes/Bride’s Cake

BRIDE’S CAKE
Whites of eighteen eggs, One pound of flour, One pound of sugar, Three-fourths pound of butter.
Sift flour three times after adding to it a teaspoonful of soda, and two of cream of tartar. Cream butter and sugar until very light and add to the stiffly beaten whites. Next add the flour, beating it in lightly with the hand. Flavor with one teaspoonful of vanilla or almond extract and bake in slow oven.
# Aunt Caroline's Dixieland Recipes/Cakes/Devil’s Food Cake

DEVIL’S FOOD CAKE
Two eggs, Two cups of brown sugar, One cup of butter, One cup of buttermilk, Three cups of flour, Half cake of melted chocolate, One and one-half tablespoons of cinnamon, One teaspoon of cloves, One teaspoon of allspice, One teaspoon of soda dissolved in half cup of boiling water.
Cream butter and sugar and add to well beaten eggs, next add milk, melted chocolate, flour beaten in lightly, vanilla and spices, and lastly the boiling water and soda. Bake in layer tins and moderate oven.
# Aunt Caroline's Dixieland Recipes/Cakes/Filling for Devil’s Food Cake

FILLING (For Devil’s Food Cake)
Two cups of white sugar, One cup of sweet milk, Half cake of chocolate, Yolk of one egg, Butter size of an egg, One teaspoonful of Vanilla.
Put all the ingredients except vanilla on to cook. Cook until thick, then beat until creamy, add vanilla and spread on layers.
# Aunt Caroline's Dixieland Recipes/Cakes/Filling for Martha Washington Cake

FILLING FOR MARTHA WASHINGTON CAKE
Two cups of sugar, Juice and grated rind of two lemons, Two cups of grated cocoanut, One cup of boiling water.
When this begins to boil, add one tablespoonful of cornstarch dissolved in a little cold water. Cook until it spins a thread, then beat until creamy and spread between layers.
# Aunt Caroline's Dixieland Recipes/Cakes/Chocolate Sauce

CHOCOLATE SAUCE
1 tablespoonful of butter, 1 cupful of sugar, 2 tablespoonsful of cocoa, 4 tablespoonsful of boiling water.
Put the butter into an agate dish on the stove; when melted, stir in the cocoa and sugar dry; add boiling water and stir until smooth. Add vanilla to taste.
# Aunt Caroline's Dixieland Recipes/Cakes/Filling (for Magnolia Sponge Cake)

FILLING
Put on to cook two and one-fourth cups of brown sugar, three tablespoonsful of cream, one tablesponful of butter. Cook until thick, then beat until creamy and spread on layers.
# Aunt Caroline's Dixieland Recipes/Cakes/Filling for Anniversary Cake

FILLING FOR ANNIVERSARY CAKE
Yolks of six eggs, Three cups of sugar, Enough water to dissolve sugar thoroughly.
Put sugar and water on to cook. Let it cook until it spins a thread, then gradually pour it over the yellows, which have been beaten until thick. Beat until filling becomes creamy, add one teaspoonful of vanilla, and spread on layers.
# Aunt Caroline's Dixieland Recipes/Cakes/Filling for Cabin Cake

FILLING
Put on to cook two cups of sugar and half a cup of water. Boil without stirring until it jellies when dropped into cold water. Then pour over stiffly beaten whites of three eggs, then stir into icing a small quantity of citron, currants, dates, figs, raisins, almonds, English walnuts (all chopped fine) and grated cocoanut, leaving out a similar quantity to be put on top of cake when iced.
# Aunt Caroline's Dixieland Recipes/Cakes/Filling for Old Dominion Cake

FILLING FOR OLD DOMINON CAKE
Put on two cups of white sugar with enough water to dissolve thoroughly and cook until it spins a thread. Then add one teaspoonful of vanilla and pour slowly over the whites of two eggs beaten stiff. Beat until creamy and then spread on cake layers. Thickly strew the top of icing with raisins, English walnuts and blanched almonds.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Montaigne de Nogaret, Charles Stanislas

Edition of 1900. No confirmation of this person's existence outside of Appletons' and derived sources has as yet been located, but there is also no verifiable source which states the person is one of Appletons' fictitious entries. Use this information with extra caution. There are spelling errors in two of the titles of the alleged literary works.
​MONTAIGNE DE NOGARET, Charles Stanislas (mon-tang), West Indian naturalist, b. in St. Croix, W. I., in 1667 ; d. in Paris in 1742. His mother took him in 1672 to Paris, where he received his education in the College Louis le Grand. In 1689, having obtained a pension in consideration of the services of his ancestors, he resolved to devote his life to science. He was assistant demonstrator in the laboratory of the Academy of sciences when he was sent in 1701 to explore the West Indies and Guiana, and to study the mineralogy and botany of those countries. Sailing from Brest in May, 1703, he visited successively the greater part of the West Indian islands, and, passing to the continent, explored the Guianas till 1717, remaining altogether fourteen years in America. He formed a collection of minerals and plants, the greater part of which he lost in a shipwreck on his return to France, but he saved his papers and drawings. He published •' Etudes sur la mineralogie des Antilles" (Paris, 1720); "Geodesic de I'ile de Saint Croix" (1721); "Plan de mineralogie de la Guiane" (1724); "Études sur les gisements mineralogiques des Antilles" (1730); "Herbier de la flore des Antilles explique " (1733) ; and " Description des couches mineralogiques de I'ile de Saint Domingue" (1735).