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# Philosophical Works of the Late James Frederick Ferrier/Institutes of Metaphysic (1875)/Section 2/Proposition 2

The Institutes of Metaphysic, Philosophical Works of the Late James Frederick Ferrier (1875 ed., Vol. 1). (E. L. Lushington, & A. Grant, Eds.) Edinburgh: William Blackwood and Sons. pp. 410-411.
PROPOSITION II.
IGNORANCE REMEDIABLE.
All ignorance is possibly remediable.
DEMONSTRATION.
No kind of knowledge is absolutely inconsistent with the nature of all intelligence. But unless all ignorance were possibly remediable, some kind of knowledge would be inconsistent with the nature of all intelligence, to wit the knowledge by which the ignorance in question might be remedied. Therefore all ignorance is possibly remediable.
Or again, All defects are possibly remediable, otherwise they would not be defects. But ignorance is a defect (Prop. I.) Therefore all ignorance is possibly remediable.
OBSERVATIONS AND EXPLANATIONS.
All that this proposition proves.1. This proposition does not prove that all ignorance is actually remedied: in other words, that omniscience pervades the universe; but only that ​every form of ignorance is of such a character that it may possibly be removed; and that if certain kinds of ignorance are incident to certain orders of the intelligence, they are not, of necessity, incident to other orders of intelligence. The subsequent movements of the system do not require that more than this should be proved. Neither does this proposition prove that all human ignorance is possibly remediable. It only proves that what man or any other intelligence may happen to be ignorant of, need not, of necessity, be unknown to all other intelligences (supposing that other intelligences exist). In other words, it merely proves that whatever any intelligence is ignorant of, may nevertheless be known—known actually if an intelligence exists competent to know it,—and known potentially even although no such intelligence should exist. Unless this were true, all ignorance would not be possibly remediable; and if all ignorance were not possibly remediable, some kind of knowledge would be inconsistent with the nature of all intelligence—in which case, ignorance would be no defect, because a defect is always the privation of some quality or attribute which is consistent with the nature of the being who is deprived of it.
Second counter proposition.2. Second Counter-proposition.—In this case, too, the counter-proposition is wanting; but its place is thus marked for the reason already assigned.
# Notes on Muhammadanism/Chapter 15

XV.—HELL.
Hell, or the place of torment, is called in Arabic Jahannam, and in Persian Dozakh; and is said to have seven portals or divisions, which the Commentator Baghawi distributes as follows:—
1. Jahannam, for Muhammadans; for, according to the Qurán, all Muslims will pass through hell.
2. Lazwá, a blazing fire for Christians (Sura lxx. 15 only).
3. Hutama, an intense fire for Jews (Sura civ. 4 only).
​4. Sʾaír, a flaming fire for Sabians (Sura iv. 11, and fourteen other places).
5. Saqar, a scorching heat for Magi (Suras liv. 58, and lxxiv. 43).
6. Jahím, a huge hot fire for idolaters (Sura ii. 113, and twenty other places).
7. Háwía, the bottomless pit for hypocrites (Sura, cl. 8).
The situation of hell is a matter of dispute.
Baghawi's distribution of the different sections of hell is a proof of the utter recklessness of Muslim Commentators, for in neither case are Lazwá and Hutama apportioned to Christians or Jews in the Qurán.
* ↑ Sura xv. 44. "It hath seven portals, and at each portal a separate band;" a tradition founded on the Talmud. Thus in Sota 10, David is said to have rescued Absalom from the seven dwellings of hell. (Rodwell.)
* ↑ Sura xix. 44, "Verily there is not one of you that shall not go down into hell. Jahannam is the Arabic form of the Greek γεέννα, and it is remarkable that the word should be used for a purgatorial hell and not ἄδης which, according to the Papists, denotes that state.
# Notes on Muhammadanism/Chapter 13

XIII.—THE DAY OF RESURRECTION AND JUDGMENT, AND THE SIGNS OF THE LAST DAYS.
Qi′a′mat (lit. "standing"), or the day of resurrection and judgment, is a time which all Muhammadans allow is a perfect secret and known only to God. But they say that the approach of the day of judgment will be known by twenty-five signs.
1. The decay of faith among men.
2. The advancing of the meanest persons to dignity.
3. That a maid-servant shall become the mother of her mistress.
4. Tumults and seditions.
5. A war with the Turks.
6. Great distress in the world.
7. That the provinces of ʾIráq and Syria shall refuse to pay tribute.
​8. That the buildings of Medina shall extend to Yaháb.
9. The sun rising in the west.
10. The appearance of a remarkable Beast, called the Dábbat-ul-arz, which shall rise out of the earth in the temple at Mecca.
11. War with the Greeks and the taking of Constantinople by 70,000 of the posterity of Isaac.
12. The coming of Masíh-ud-Dajjál, or Antichrist.
13. The coming of Jesus Christ, who will descend upon one of the minarets of the Mosque at Damascus.
14. War with the Jews.
15. The ravages made by Yajúj and Majúj (Gog and Magog).
16. A smoke which shall fill the whole earth.
17. An eclipse of the moon.
18. The return of the Arabians to idolatry.
19. The discovery of a heap of treasure by the retreating of the river Euphrates.
20. The demolition of the temple at Mecca.
21. The speaking of beasts and inanimate things.
​22. A breaking out of a fire in Yaman.
23. The appearance of a remarkable man who shall drive men before him with his staff.
24. The coming of Imám Mahdí, the director, who will come from Khorásán, his troops bearing black ensigns.
25. A mighty wind which shall sweep away the souls of all who have but a grain of faith in their hearts.
The following is a succinct account of the day of judgment, translated from a Muhammadan book:—"Then shall God bring all men back and raise them again, and restore to them their souls, and gather them together. He will then call for the books in which have been written the good and evil actions of all men. Then he will judge them in equity and weigh the balance (mizán) of their works, and will make retribution to every soul according to what he has done. Some shall enter Paradise through his goodness and mercy, and some shall go to hell. No Muslim shall remain in ​hell for ever, but shall enter into Paradise, after they have suffered according to their sins, for believers shall remain for ever in Paradise, and the unbelievers in hell fire."
Sírát is a bridge which all must pass over on the day of judgment. It is said to extend over the midst of hell, and to be sharper than the edge of a sword. In passing it the feet of the infidel will slip, and he will fall into hell fire; but the feet of the Muslim will be firm, and carry him safely to Paradise.
* ↑ See Mishkát-ul-Musábih, bk. xxiii. chap. iii.
* ↑ Imám Mahdí is said by the Shiaʾhs to have been their twelfth Imám, Abu Kásim; but who will come again in the last days.
# Notes on Muhammadanism/Chapter 16

XVI.—THE DECREES OF GOD.
Taqdi′r, or the absolute decree and predestination of both good and evil, is the sixth article of the Muslim's creed. The orthodox belief is that whatever hath or shall come to pass in this world, whether it be good or bad, proceedeth entirely from the divine will, and is irrevocably fixed and recorded in the preserved tablet (Lahw-ul-Mahfúz).
Of this doctrine Muhammad makes great use in his Qurán, and all those who have had any practical acquaintance with the lives of Muammadans, know well to what extent it influences the daily life of every Muslim. It ​is not only urged as a source of consolation in every trial, but as a palliation of every crime. "It was written in my taqdír" (fate), is an excuse familiar to every European who has had much intercourse with Muslim servants or soldiers.
The following is a translation of an Arabic treatise on the subject: "Faith in the decrees of God, is that we believe in our heart and confess with our tongue that the most High God hath decreed all things so that nothing can happen in the world, whether it respects the conditions and operations of things, or good and evil, or obedience and disobedience, or faith and infidelity, or sickness and health, or riches and poverty, or life and death, that is not contained in the written tablet of the decrees of God. But God hath so decreed good works, obedience, and faith, that He ordains and wills them, and that they may be under His decree, His salutary direction, His good pleasure and command. On the contrary, God hath decreed, and does ordain and determine evil, disobedience, and infidelity; yet without His salutary direction, good pleasure and command, but being only by way ​of seduction, indignation, and prohibition. But whosoever shall say that God is not delighted with good faith, or that God hath not an indignation against evil and unbelief, he is certainly an infidel."
# Notes on Muhammadanism/Chapter 17

XVII.—THE FIVE FOUNDATIONS OF PRACTICAL RELIGION.
The five pillars, or foundations, of practice in Islám are:—
1. The recital of the Creed, or Kalimah,—"There is no deity but God, and Muhammad is the Prophet of God."
2. Sulát.—The five stated periods of prayer.
3. Roza.—The thirty days fast of Ramazán.
4. Zakát.—The legal alms.
5. Hajj.—The pilgrimage to Mecca.
# Notes on Muhammadanism/Chapter 18

XVIII.—THE RECITAL OF THE CREED.
The Recital of the Kalimah, or Creed, is the first of the five foundations, or pillars of practice, in Islám. It consists of the following sentence, which is always recited in Arabic:—
Lá-iláha-il-lal-laho Muhanmad-ur-Rasúl-Ullah, "There is no deity but God, and Muhammad is the Apostle of God."
When any one is converted to Islám he is required to repeat this formula, and the following are the conditions required of every Muslim with reference to it:—
1.—That it shall be repeated aloud, at least once in a life-time.
​2.—That the meaning of it shall be fully understood.
3.—That it shall be believed in "by the heart."
4.—That it shall be professed until death.
5.—That it shall be recited correctly.
6.—That it shall be always professed and declared without hesitation.
Something similar to this celebrated symbol of the Muhammadan creed appears to have existed in Arabia previous to the foundation of Islamism. Dr. Arnold in his work on "Islám and Christianity," quotes the following prayer from the writings of Abulfaraj, which is said to have been used by the idolatrous Arabians:—"I dedicate myself to Thy service, O God! Thou hast no companion, except Thy companion, of whom Thou art absolute Master of whatever is his."
* ↑ We have here translated rasúl, "Apostle," although it is generally rendered "Prophet," which, however, is the more correct rendering of nabí, a word which also occurs in the Qurán. Both nabí and rasúl are translated into Persian and Hindustani by paighambar, which is translated into English by either Prophet, Apostle, or Mes-
* ↑ Circumcision (Khatnah) although never once enjoined in either the Qurán or Traditions, is an institution of Islám; but it is not incumbent upon adults, the recital of the creed being sufficient.
# Notes on Muhammadanism/Chapter 2

II.—ISLAM.
Isla′m is the name given to the Muhammadan religion by its founder. Abdul Haqq (the commentator on the Mishkát) says it implies "submission to the divine will."
In the Dictionary of the Qurán entitled Moghrab, Islám is explained as "entering into peace (salm) with another," alluding to the fact that he who embraces Islám in a Muhammadan state becomes free from all those penalties and disabilities which belong to one who does not embrace the faith.
In the Qurán the word is used for doing homage to God. Islám is said to be the religion of all the prophets from the time of Abraham, as will appear from the following verses (Surat-ul-Imrán, ver. 78, 79):—"We believe in God and in what hath been sent down to Abraham, and Ishmael, and Isaac, and Jacob, and the Tribes, and in what was given to Moses, and Jesus and the Prophets from their Lord. We ​make no difference between them, and to him are we resigned (i.e. Muslims). Whoso desireth any other religion than Islám, that religion shall never be accepted of him, and in the next world he shall be lost."
There are three words used by Muhammadan writers for religion, namely, Dín, Millat, and Mazhab; and in the Kitáb-ut-Tárífát the difference implied in these words is said to be as follows:—Dín as it stands in its relation to God, e.g. Dín-Ullah, the religion of God; Millat, as it stands in relation to a prophet or lawgiver, e.g. Millat-i-Ibrahím, the religion of Abraham; and Mazhab as it stands in relation to the divines of Islám, e.g. Mazhab-i-Hanafí, the religion of Hanífa. The expression Dín, however, is of general application.
Those who profess the religion of Islám are called Musalmáns, Muslims, or Momins.
Ahl-i-Kitáb, "the people of the Book," is used for Muhammadans, Jews, and Christians.
# Organic Act of the Customs Administration, Ministry of Finance

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* sister projects: Wikidata item.

## Article 1

    To administer national customs affairs, the Ministry of Finance shall establish the Customs Administration (hereinafter referred to as “the Administration”).

## Article 2

    The Administration shall be in charge of the following matters:
    1. Planning, advancing and supervising Customs policies and drafting Customs laws and regulations
    2. Planning Customs tariff rates and structures, and handling classification of import goods
    3. Handling cargo Clearance, duty and taxes collection, border management and management of Customs stakeholders
    4. Planning, executing and supervising affairs related to Smuggling prevention and interception, border control, risk management and the establishment of detection dog squad
    5. Planning, advancing and supervising policies related to Duty drawback, free trade zones and bonded areas
    6. Planning, advancing, executing and supervising Custom-related information technology services
    7. Investigating Customs value in and planning, executing and supervising post-clearance audit affairs
    8. Planning, executing and supervising Trade statistics
    9. Work on other Customs-related matters

## Article 3

    The Administration shall have one Director General at senior grade 13 equivalent to Administrative Superintendent or Technical Superintendent; two Deputy Directors General at senior grade 12 equivalent to Administrative Superintendent or Technical Superintendent.

## Article 4

    The Administration shall have one Chief Secretary at senior grade 11 equivalent to Administrative Superintendent or Technical Superintendent.

## Article 5

    The Administration may establish regional Customs in accordance with the need of customs affairs execution.

## Article 6

    The official ranks, grades, position titles and personnel headcounts for the Administration shall be separately prescribed in a staffing chart.

## Article 7

    The effective date of this Act shall be determined and published by the Executive Yuan.
This work is in the public domain because it is exempted by Article 9 of the Republic of China's Copyright Act (in effect in the "Free Area"). This excludes from copyright all government and official documents and official translations, including news releases, speeches, laws, and documents. It also excludes from copyright oral and literary news reports strictly intended to communicate facts, test questions from all kinds examinations held pursuant to laws or regulations, slogans and common symbols, terms, formulas, numerical charts, forms, notebooks, or almanacs.
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# Organic Law of People's Courts of the People's Republic of China

* Organic Law of the People's Courts of the People's Republic of China (1954)
* Organic Law of People's Courts of the People's Republic of China (1979)
* Organic Law of People's Courts of the People's Republic of China (1983)
* Organic Law of People's Courts of the People's Republic of China (1986)
* Organic Law of People's Courts of the People's Republic of China (2006)
* Organic Law of People's Courts of the People's Republic of China (2018)
# Organic Act of the Architecture and Building Research Institute, Ministry of the Interior

* related portals: Law of the Republic of China.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.

## Article 1

    The Ministry of the Interior shall establish the Architecture and Building Research Institute (hereinafter referred to as “the Institute”) to be in charge of national architectural research and development matters.

## Article 2

    The Institute shall be in charge of the following matters:
    1. Research and suggestion-making of policies and regulations for building development.
    2. Research and development of building planning, design, usage management, as well as the living environment quality.
    3. Research and development of building safety and disaster prevention.
    4. Research and development of building construction and structural engineering.
    5. Research and development of building production, construction techniques, and construction quality.
    6. Research and development of intelligent building technology, building environment control, and energy conservation technology.
    7. Research, testing, examination, application, and promotion of building facilities, materials, and new construction methods.
    8. Research and introduction of international building management systems and state-of-the-art techniques.
    9. Promotion and assistance of a non-government organization to provide technical consultation services on self-liquidating basis.
    10. Other research and development matters related to architecture.

## Article 3

    The Institute shall be headed by one (1) Director-General, who shall have a civil service rank of grade thirteen (13), or the rank of a university professor or above. One (1) Deputy Director-General with a rank of grade twelve (12) shall be appointed.

## Article 4

    The Institute shall have one (1) Chief-Secretary with a rank of grade eleven (11).

## Article 5

    The rank, grade, and number of personnel of the Institute shall be stipulated in an organization chart.

## Article 6

    The Act shall become effective on the date set by the Executive Yuan.
This work is in the public domain because it is exempted by Article 9 of the Republic of China's Copyright Act (in effect in the "Free Area"). This excludes from copyright all government and official documents and official translations, including news releases, speeches, laws, and documents. It also excludes from copyright oral and literary news reports strictly intended to communicate facts, test questions from all kinds examinations held pursuant to laws or regulations, slogans and common symbols, terms, formulas, numerical charts, forms, notebooks, or almanacs.
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# Organic Law of People's Procuratorates of the People's Republic of China

* Organic Law of the People's Procuratorates of the People's Republic of China (1954)
* Organic Law of People's Procuratorates of the People's Republic of China (1979)
* Organic Law of People's Procuratorates of the People's Republic of China (1983)
* Organic Law of People's Procuratorates of the People's Republic of China (1986)
* Organic Law of People's Procuratorates of the People's Republic of China (2018)
# Poems (Greenwell)

POEMS.
POEMS
by
THE AUTHOR OF "THE PATIENCE OF HOPE"
ALEXANDER STRAHAN AND CO., EDINBURGH
hamilton, adams, and co., london
1861
EDINBURGH: T. CONSTABLE, PRINTER TO THE QUEEN, AND TO THE UNIVERSITY.
CONTENTS
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
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# Poems (Greenwell)/A Meditation

* ↑ Ezekiel i. 14.
* ↑ Note G.
* ↑ Note H.
# Once a Week (magazine)/Series 1/Volume 7/"The Mite of Dorcas"

Artwork by John Everett Millais.
“THE MITE OF DORCAS.”—By J. E. Millais.
# Patch v. Wabash Railroad Company

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
207 U.S. 277
Patch v. Wabash Railroad Company
Argued: November 15, 1907. --- Decided: December 2, 1907
Mr. George C. Otto for plaintiff in error.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 277-279 intentionally omitted]
Messrs. Frederic D. McKenney and Wells H. Blodgett for defendant in error.
Mr. Justice Holmes delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
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# Patch v. White

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.

## Dissenting Opinion

    Matthews
United States Supreme Court
117 U.S. 210
Patch v. White
Argued: March 1, 1886. ---
Calderon Carlisle and J. D. McPherson, for plaintiff in error.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 211-212 intentionally omitted]
W. D. Davidge and J. H. Gordon, for defendant in error.
BRADLEY, J.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
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# Patch

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "Patch."
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Wikidata item.
This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.

## Novels

* Patch (1936), a novel by Patrick J. Carroll (external scan)
* Patches (1928), a novel by Clarence Hawkes

## Poems

* "The Patch" (1723), a poem by various authors (external scan)
* "The Patch" (1922), a poem by Agnes K. Martyn
# Patches (Hawkes)

Books by Clarence Hawkes
Silversheene, King of Sled Dogs
Pep, The Story of a Brave Dog
Pal O'Mine, King of the Turf
Redcoat, The Phantom Fox
The White Czar
Patches A Wyoming Cow Pony by Clarence Hawkes
Illustrated by Griswold Tyng
Springfield, Massachusetts
Contents
The Romance of the Cattle Land. Introductory
List of illustrations
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
The longest-living author of this work died in 1954, so this work is in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 69 years or less. This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
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# Pacific Telephone Telegraph Company v. Tax Commission of Washington

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
297 U.S. 403
Pacific Telephone Telegraph Company v. Tax Commission of Washington
Argued: Jan. 13, 1936. --- Decided: March 2, 1936
Messrs. Otto B. Rupp and Alfred J. Schweppe, both of Seattle, Wash., for appellant Pacific Telephone & Telegraph Co.
[Argument of Counsel from page 404 intentionally omitted]
Messrs. L. B. da Ponte, of Seattle, Wash., and Dennis F. Lyons, of St. Paul, Minn., for appellant Northern Pac. Ry. Co.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 405-406 intentionally omitted]
Messrs. Thomas Balmer, of Seattle, Wash., and F. G. Dorety, of St. Paul, Minn., for appellant Great Northern Ry. Co.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 407-409 intentionally omitted]
Messrs. R. G. Sharpe, of Olympia, Wash., and Walter L. Baumgartner, of Seattle, Wash., for appellees.
Mr. Justice BRANDEIS delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
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