# Russian Realities and Problems

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Russian Realities & Problems.
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
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Russian Realities & Problems
By Paul Milyoukov, Peter Struve, A. Lappo-Danilevsky, Roman Dmowski, and Harold Williams
Edited by J. D. Duff
Fellow of Trinity College
Cambridge:
at the University Press
1917
First Edition 1917 Reprinted 1917
PREFACE
THESE lectures were delivered at Cambridge in August 1916, during the Summer Meeting arranged by the Local Examinations and Lectures Syndicate. The main subject of study at this meeting was "Russia and Poland," and, out of the many lectures that were then delivered, these have been chosen for publication, because each of the speakers is, in his own department, an unsurpassed authority.
Paul Milyoukov, a scholar and a statesman, was formerly a Professor at Sofia University, and has been one of the most prominent figures in the Duma ever since it was called into existence in October 1905. He was leader of the Constitutional Democrat party; he organised and now leads the Progressive Bloc, with equal courage and sagacity. No man living knows more of recent political history in Russia ; and few men have had better opportunities of following the tortuous course of Balkan politics.
Peter Struve is one of the most eminent of Russian economists and has written valuable works on Prices and Labour; he is now editor of an important periodical (Russian Thought) and occupies the Chair of Political Economy in the Polytechnic Institute of Petrograd. He also has had practical experience of politics : he sat formerly in the Duma as Member for Petrograd.
Alexander Lappo-Danilevsky, who here gives a general survey of the progress of learning in Russia, is a distinguished historian and a Fellow of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, the famous institution ​founded in 1725 by Peter the Great. The Transactions of the Academy contain many important historical monographs from his pen.
Roman Dmowski is a Pole and was for some years leader of the Polish party in the Duma. No one represents with more authority and greater ability the view that Poland's hopes for the future are most likely to be realised by coming to terms with the great Slav Empire.
Harold Williams, an Englishman who has resided for fifteen years in Russia, is considered by Russian scholars to have no rival, even among natives, in his special department of knowledge, the ethnography of the Russian Empire. Here he has given in a few pages a summary of his comprehensive knowledge of this vast subject.
These eminent men made the journey, at great inconvenience to themselves, from Russia to England, on purpose to deliver these lectures. The lectures were given in English, and the speakers entrusted their manuscripts to me for publication; and some of them, modestly distrusting their own skill in writing a foreign language, gave me authority to make such changes in the form of expression as I thought necessary. I trust that none of these distinguished scholars and courteous gentlemen will feel that I have abused this authority. Where I have made changes in the wording, it has been with the sole object of making the writer's meaning clearer to the English reader.
J. D. DUFF.
Trinity College, Cambridge January 22, 1917
CONTENTS