OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Woman of the Century/Hannah Johnson Carter

​CARTER, Mrs. Hannah Johnson, art educator, born in Cortland, Maine. She is the only child of Jonathan True and Hannah True, his wife. Mrs. Carter's father was a wealthy importer
HANNAH JOHNSON CARTER. and commission merchant. Her mother died young, leaving her infant daughter to the care of a devoted father who, early recognizing the artistic tastes of his child, gave her considerable training in that direction. In 1868 Miss True became the wife of Henry Theophilus Carter, a mechanical engineer and manufacturer. The marriage was happy and congenial, and with wealth and high social standing life seemed to hold out to the young couple only sunshine, but soon the shadows began to fall. Financial losses, the failing health of her husband, the death of a loved child and the terrible loneliness of widowhood all came in quick succession. Though nearly crushed by the weight of woe so suddenly forced upon her, Mrs. Carter, with noble independence and courage, began to look about for ways and means to support herself and child. Her mind naturally turned to art, and with the life insurance left her by her husband she entered the Massachusetts Norma! Art School and was graduated with high standing. After a year's further study with private teachers in first-class studios, she went to Kingston, Canada, to direct an art school, which, if successful, would receive a government grant. Although laboring under great disadvantages, she succeeded in establishing the school <m a permanent basis. At the close of the first year she w as obliged to return to Boston, as the climate of Canada was too Severe for her health. For two years she was associated with the Prang Educational Company, of dial city. doing various work pertaining to its educational department, such as illustrating drawing-hooks and often ac ting as drawing supervisor where the Prang system of drawing was in use. In the fall of 18S7 she was called to New York City to take the chair of ​professor of form and drawing in the College for the Training of Teachers, and in 1890 she was elected president of the art department of the National Educational Association. In 1891 she was made director of the art department in the Drexel Institute of Art, Science and Industry, in Philadelphia, Pa. Mrs. Carter has been appointed on many industrial, educational and art committees. She does not confine her energies to local work, but has an interest in general art education, believing enthusiastically in the necessity of educating and elevating public taste by beginning early with the training of children for a love of the aesthetic, thr jugh habits of close observation of the beautiful. Mrs. Carter stands among the leading educators, and is an ardent worker for art education.
# Woman of the Century/Hannah Tyler Wilcox

​WILCOX, Mrs. Hannah Tyler, physician, born in Boonville, N. Y., 31st August, 1838. Her father, Amos Tyler, was a cousin of President John Tyler. His liberal ideas on the subject of woman's education were far in advance of his generation. HANNAH TYLER WILCOX. Her mother's father, Joseph Lawton, was a patron of education and one of the founders of the first medical college in New York, in Fairfield, Herkimer county. His home and purse were open to the students and professors, and thus Elizabeth Lawton learned to love the science of medicine, though not permitted to study it. Her daughter, Hannah, attended the academies in Holland Patent and Rome, N. Y., and, being desirous of a higher education than could there be obtained, she went to the Pennsylvania Female College, near Philadelphia, where she was graduated with honors in 1860. A call came to the president of the college for a teacher to take charge of an academy in southwest Missouri. This involved a journey three-hundred miles by stage coach south of St. Louis. Miss Tyler resolved to accept the position, and in one year she built up a successful school, when the war of 1861 made it unsafe for a teacher of northern views to remain, and she returned to her native town. In 1862 she became the wife of Dr M. W. Wilcox, of Rochester, N. Y. They went to Warrensburg, Mo., and there witnessed some of the stirring scenes of that period of national strife. Three times they witnessed the alternation of Federal and Confederate rule. She entered into the profession with her husband and studied in the various schools, the allopathic, eclectic, and later, desiring to know if there was any best in "pathies" of medicine, she took a degree in the homeopathic school in St. Louis. Mo., where she resided many years. She is a believer in the curative powers of electricity, and many of her cures are on record, with the skillful use of various means of healing the sick. Her great aim is the advancement of her sex. She is prominent in all the great movements of and for women, the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, the Woman's Relief Corps and the educational and industrial unions. She is a member of the National American Institute of Homoeopathy, and was a delegate from St. Louis and Missouri to the convention in Saratoga, N. Y., in 1887. She has been medical examiner for ten years for the Order of Chosen Friends. In 1887 her health failed from overwork, and she sought the invigorating climate of southern California, in Los Angeles. When her health was restored, she returned to her home in St. Louis. Her lectures on health and dress for women have aided materially in reform. She has been a widow for many years and has one living son. In 1892 she removed to Chicago, Ill., and is now permanantly located in that city.
# Woman of the Century/Mary Jane Carlisle

​CARLISLE, Mrs. Mary Jane, social leader, born in Covington, Kenton county, Ky., 28th August, MARY JANE CARLISLE. 1835. Her father, Major John Allen Goodson, fought through the war of 1812, and served several terms in the House of Representatives and the Senate, and ​was for four years mayor of Covington. He bore a strong resemblance to Gen. Jackson, both physically and mentally. He was a man of great will power and personal courage and exerted a strong influence in politics. She married, when forty years of age, Hetty Wasson, of Covington. His daughter possesses much of her father's strength of character. She was educated in the Covington schools and became the wife of John Griffin Carlisle, 25th January. 1857. She is the mother of live children, two of whom are living, William Kinkaed and Lilbon Logan, both lawyers. Mrs. Carlisle's strong personality has much to do with her husband's success in life. She is popular in Washington society, makes many friends and keeps them by being true in her friendships, gladly making sacrifices and suffering inconveniences for others. Her husband, Senator Carlisle, ex-speaker of the House, is known throughout the United States. The support of such women as Mrs. Carlisle is a powerful factor in the lives of all men, and to her more than any other does Mr. Carlisle owe all that is true to himself, that places him in the front rank of the great thinkers and of the great statesmen of the age.
# Woman of the Century/Mary Jane Safford

​SAFFORD, Mary Jane, physician and surgeon, born in Boston, Man., in 18—, and died in 1891. She was a woman of marked mental powers. She received a good education and studied medicine in New York City, graduating in 1867. She went to Vienna and studied in the university. She and her classmate, Josephine K. Henry, M D., of Versailles, Ky., were the first women allowed to matriculate in that institution. She studied in Vienna a year, and then went to northern Germany, where she studied surgery and practiced. While in Germany, she performed the operation of ovariotomy, probably the first ever performed by a woman. She returned to Boston, where she practiced and served as instructor in the Boston University. She was one of the first women to serve on the Boston school committee. She lectured on dress-reform and hygiene, and was active in reform work. Her health failed, and she made her home in Florida during the last years of her life. She adopted two girls, who constituted her family.
# Woman of the Century/Mary Jane Shelley

​SHELLEY, Mrs. Mary Jane, temperance and missionary worker, born in Weedsport N. Y., 20th May, 1832. Her maiden name was Wright. Her father was pastor of the Methodist Episcopal Church in Weedsport. They removed to Illinois in 1843, where her father died in 1846. She received religious training under Bishop Peck, of New York, and was one of his special charges. She became the wife of Rev. L. Shelley, whose ancestral home was in Shelley Islands, eastern Pennsylvania. MARY JANE SHELLEY. They removed to Iowa, where her influence for good was felt in her husband's work. Though naturally timid, retiring and adverse to publicity, she responded willingly when Bishop Peck called her forth to special work in the interest of reform and religious affairs. With spirit and determination she began her public work at the age of forty-seven. She was for five years vice-president of the first Nebraska district for the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, resigning to accept new duties in the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society, of which body she was conference secretary for Nebraska. She traveled over the State, often in her carriage for many hundred miles, organizing auxiliaries, encouraging workers everywhere, and often supplying pulpits. From 1884 to 1891 she was treasurer of the Topeka branch, but resigned because of failing health and eyesight She is thorough, systematic and business-like in her work, to which she has given herself with energy and unselfish devotion for fourteen years. Her home is in Weymore, Neb.
# Woman of the Century/Mary Kavanaugh Eagle

​EAGLE. Mrs. Mary Kavanaugh, church worker and social leader, born in Madison county, MARY KAVANUGH EAGLE. Ky., 4th February, 1854 She is the daughter of William K. Oldham and J Kate Brown. Her father is the son of Kie Oldham and Polly Kavanaugh and a native and resident of Madison county. He is of English descent on his paternal and Irish on his maternal side. Both his father's and mother's families were early settlers of central Kentucky and were among the most successful farmers and stock-dealers in that section. That vocation he also followed with marked success for many years. Her mother, who died nth July, 1880. was the daughter of Ira Brown and Frances Mullens, of Albemarle county, Ya., and of Scotch-English extraction. Mrs. Eagle's early education was conducted mainly at home, under the watchful care of her mother, who selected the best of tutors and governesses for her three daughters. She was graduated in June, 1872, from Mrs Julia A. Tevis's famous school, Science Hill. Shelbyville, Ky She united with the Viny Fork Missionary Baptist Church of Madison county. Ky., in August. 1874, and has been a zealous church worker ever since. She became the wife of Governor Eagle 3rd January, 1882, and moved to his large cotton plantation in Ronoke county, Ark., where he was engaged in farming Governor Eagle being a devoted church man and a member of the same denomination, they soon united their efforts in upbuilding the interests of their church for home and foreign missions and for Christian and charitable work of various kinds, contributing liberally of their ample means to support those objects Governor Eagle has stood at the head of his church work for many years, and Mrs. Fagle has been the leader of the woman's work of her denomination in her State for more than eight years. She has been president of the Woman's Central Committee on Missions since its organization in November, 1882, and is president of the Woman's Mission Union of Arkansas. Mrs. Eagle is her husband's most congenial companion and valued counselor, whether he is employing his time as a farmer, a churchman or a statesman. Their interests have ever been identical. In his political aspirations she has rendered him great assistance She accompanied him in his canvass for the nomination for the office of governor in 1888. She accompanied him in his canvass with the representative of the Republican Union Labor Party, which immediately followed, and also in his canvasss for re-election in 1890. Governor Eagle has entered upon his second term as governor, and since his inauguration the mansion has been famous for true southern hospitality. Governor Eagle has for many years been president of the Baptist State Convention and was speaker of the House of Representatives in 1885. This caused Mrs. Eagle to take an interest in parliamentary practice and to take up that study. She is now one of the best parliamentarians in the State and takes great interest in the proceedings of all deliberative bodies. As a member of the Board of Lady Managers of the Columbian Exposition she was appointed a member of many important committees.
# Woman of the Century/Mary J. Lawson

​LAWSON, Mrs. Mary J., author, born in Maroon Hall, Preston, near Halifax, Nova Scotia, in 1828. Her maiden name was Mary J. Katzmann. In 1868 she became the wife of William Lawson. MARY J. LAWSON. She had one daughter, who survives her. She died in 1890, lamented by a wide circle who admired and loved her for her talents, character and devotion to duty. Her father, Conrad C. Katzmann, lieutenant in the 60th, or King's German Legion, was a native of Hanover, Germany. Her mother, Martha Prescott, was a granddaughter of Dr. Jonathan Prescott, who at the close of the Revolutionary War went to Nova Scotia with the Loyalists. He was of the same family as the historian Prescott. Under the initials "M. J. K.," which after her marriage became "M. J. K. L.," she began to write and to publish in the local press verses that attracted the attention of an unusually brilliant literary circle then in Halifax. Joseph Howe, writer and statesman, encouraged her to devote herself to literature as the best way of serving the country and humanity, and in 1852 and 1853 she edited and wrote for the "Provincial Magazine." Great facility of expression enabled her to supply any demand at brief notice, and her energy and determination to carry through whatsoever she undertook kept the magazine in existence for two years, when for lack of ​support it had to be discontinued. Whenever a good cause was in need, she came to its help with pen and heart. Blessed with a strong constitution, there was almost no work of brain or hand from which she shrank. Strongly attached to the Church of England, and of a profoundly religious nature, she never wearied in self-sacrificing labors in its cause or the cause of the poor and suffering.
# Woman of the Century/Mary K. Buck

​BUCK, Mrs. Mary K., author, born in Ondreor, Bohemia, 1st April, 1849. Her parents came MARY K. BUCK. to America, when she was live years old. and for several years lived in New York City, where she went to school and acquired her know ledge of the English language. From New York they removed to Traverse City, Mich., which has since been her home. From a child she was fond of books, reading eagerly whatever came to hand. English books were rare in her Bohemian home, but the little town library, of which she was an unfailing patron, was well stocked with some of the best. Early in life she developed a talent for composition, especially of an imaginative kind, which was encouraged by her teachers and friends. She is happily married, and has three children. Always interested in the advancement of women, she has in her own career demonstrated the fact that a woman can at once be a good mother, an excellent housekeeper and a successful business woman. In an exceptionally busy life she has found time to write much for publication. During the summer of 1891 she published, together with Mrs. M. E. C. Bates, a book of short sketches entitled "Along Traverse Shores." She has contributed to the "Congregationalist," the "Advance." the Chicago "Inter-Ocean." the Portland "Transcript." "Good Housekeeping" "St. Nicholas " and many other periodicals.
# Who's Who in China (3rd edition)/Chao Erh-sun

Chao Erh-sun
趙爾巽字次珊
General Chao Erh-sun is a descendant of a Chinese Banner family. He was born in 1846. He became a provincial graduate in 1867 and a metropolitan graduate or chin shih in 1874. In the same year—1874—he was made a Hanlin with the degree of Pien Hsiu or Hinlin compiler of the College of Hanlins. The first official position General Chao held was that of assistant examiner for the provincial examinations of Hupei. Subsequently he was appointed a Supervising Censor of the Board of Works. In 1898 he becamie a prefect in the province of Kueichow and soon he was promoted to be a Ping Pei Tao or Taotai with power over military forces in the Kuangtung Province. In April 1895 General Chao was appointed Judicial Commissioner of Anhui Province and sometime later he was transferred to the Province of Shensi. In November 1898 ​General Chao was appointed Financial Commissioner of Kansu and Hsin-kiang. In 1902 he was transferred to be Financial Commissioner of Shensi province. In 1903 General Chao became Governor of Hunan. In August 1914 he was called to Peking and was given the position of acting President of the Board of Revenue. May 1905 he was appointed Tartar general of Mukden with the concurrent post at Peking of Vice-President of the Board of War. Later he became governor of the metropolitan district and concurrently director of the imperial household affairs. In May 1907 General Chao was appointed Viceroy of Szechuan. He did not assume this office however, and in September of the same year he was appointed viceroy of Hu-Kuang Provinces with the brevet title of President of the Board of War find that of President of the Censorate. In March 1903 General Chao was transferred to act as Viceroy of Szechuan With the concurrent posts of Tartar General of Chengtu and the assistant director-general of the Salt Adminstration. These posts he held until April 1911, wheen he was appointed Viceroy of Manchuria having under his control all the Tartar Generals of the three provinces. In March 1912, the First Year of the Republic, a Bill was passed in the provisional assembly in Peking placing him upon as equal footing with the Tutuhs of Kirin and Heilungkiang. He was subsequently made a full general and awarded the Second Order of Merit and First Order of Chiaho. As Tutuh of Fengtien, General Chao was given supreme control of military and diplomatic affairs in three Manchurian Provinces. He resigned from this post on November 3, 1912 and subsequently was appointed director general of the Ching History Compilation Bureau, which position he is still holding. General Chao was one of the "Four Friends of Sungshan" of ex-President Yuan-Shih-kai, the other three being Hsu Shih-chang, Li Ching-hsi and Chang Chien. General Chao has been president of the board of directors of the Hsiangshan Childrens' Home, in the Western Hills, Peking, which was founded by ex-Premier Hsiung Hsi-ling after the 1917 fall flood in the Province of Chihli.
# Who's Who in China (3rd edition)/Chang Ying-hua

Mr. Chang Ying-hua
張英華字月笙
Mr. Chang Ying-hua was born at Hengshui Hsien, Chihli Province, in 1886. He received his middle school education in the Tientsin Anglo-Chinese College. Later he went to England and studied in Manchester. He began his official career upon his return to China. In the first few years of the Republic, Mr. Chang served for a time as Consolation-Commissioner to the Three Eastern Provinces. Later after his return to Peking he became a professor of the Kuo Ming University. In 1918 Mr. Chang was appointed Inspector of the Chuannan District (at Tzeliuching) of the Salt ​Administration. In December that year he received the Fourth Order of Chiaho. In January 1919 Mr. Chang was ordered to act for the Salt Commissioner of Szechuan and later was appointed to that position which he held for over two years. In January 1921 Mr. Chang received the Second Order of Chiaho. In June 1921 he resigned from the Szechuan post. In August of the same year he was appointed Salt Commissioner of Hotung (Shansi). This new position he held until January 1922 when he was appointed Financial Commissioner of Kansu. In February 1922 Mr. Chang was appointed Deputy Director to the Kiangsu Government Bank. In June 1922 he was appointed superintendent of the Soochow Customs. In August he was appointed Vice-Minister of Finance, and also as Chief of the Salt Administration and Inspector General of the Salt Inspectorate then he also acted as Minister of Finance. In September he was transferred to become President of the Commission for the Study of China's Finance. In March 1192.3 Mr. Chang was awarded the First Order of Wenfu. In the same month he was appointed Director-General of the Currency Administration. In May 1923 he was appointed Acting Minister of Finance and Director General of Salt Administration which positions he held until July 10, 1923.
# Who's Who in China (3rd edition)/Chao Ch'ing-hua

Mr. Chao Ch'ing-hua
趙慶華字燧山
Mr. Chao Ching-hua was born at Chinghua, Chekiang Province in 1879. He received his education at the Diocesan School of Hongkong from which institution he graduated in 1890. After his graduation, he entered the Government School of Telegraphy at Canton and completed this course in 1892. At this time he became director of the Telegraph Administration of Kwangtung province. He remained in this position until 1897 when he became assistant secretary to C. W. Kinder, the engineer-in-chief of the Peking-Mukden railway. It was in this position that Mr. Chao first gained insight into his career. In 1904 Mr. Chao became secretary to T. J. Bourne, ​chief engineer of S. Pierson and Sons, who were the contractors undertaking the construction of the Taikow-Chinghua railway and continued further his study of railway operation and construction. During this time he brought 2,000 skilled laborers from the Taibow Chinghua railway for the grades and earthwork between Shanghai and Woosung. He also laid the track between Shanghai and Nanziang. Completing this work in 1907, Mr. Chao became Secretary to Tang Shao-yi, who was then Director General of Railways of the Ministry of Communications. In 1909 he resigned from this position to take that of managing director of the Canton-Kowloon Railway and made the agreement with the Canton government for the Chinese-British section of the railway. In 1914 Mr. Chao became managing director of the Tientsin-Pukow Railway and reorganized the administration of both the north and south sections. In 1916 he was appointed manager of the Shanghai branch of the Bank of Communications and while there modernized the accounting system, bridged over the moratorium and resumed the issue of specie notes. In 1917 he became director of the sequestered Austrian and German river vessels and wharfs along the Yangtse River. In 1918 Mr. Chao was conferred the Third Order of Wenfu and in September 1920 the Third Order of Chiaho. In November 1920 Mr. Chao was appointed a Member of the Railway Finance Reorganization Commission. In February 1921, he received the Second Order of Chiaho. In June 1921 he was appointed a Member of the office of Councillors of the Ministry of Communications. In December 1921 Mr. Chao was appointed a Secretary of the Cabinet when Liang Shih-i was the Premier. He was removed from this post after the Chihli-Fengtien war in June 1922. In August 1922 Mr. Chao was ordered by the Peking government to be arrested for trial on a charge of having instigated the railway. He is still a political refugee.
# Who's Who in China (3rd edition)/Chao Te-san

Mr. H. T. Chao
趙德三字堂堂
(Chao Te-sen)
# Who's Who in China (3rd edition)/Chao Yu-k'e

General Chao Yuk'e
趙玉河学子聲