OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Humphreys, Humphrey

​HUMPHREYS, HUMPHREY, D.D. (1648–1712), bishop successively of Bangor and Hereford, eldest son of Richard Humphreys (a royalist officer who served throughout the civil war), by Margaret, daughter of Robert Wynn of Russailgyfarch, Carnarvonshire, was born at Penrhyn, Clandraeth, Merionethshire, on 24 Nov. 1648. He became a student of Jesus College, Oxford, in 1665, was afterwards elected fellow, and graduated B.A. 19 Oct. 1669, and M.A. 12 Jan. 1672-3. He was appointed chaplain to Dr. Humphrey Lloyd, bishop of Bangor, and became rector of the parishes of Llanfrothen and Trawsfynydd, Merionethshire, and of Llaniestin, Carnarvonshire. On 22 May 1679 he proceeded to the degree of B.D., and on 16 Dec. 1680 he was installed dean of Bangor. On 5 July 1682 he was created D.D. at Oxford, and in 1689 he was appointed bishop of Bangor in succession to Dr. Humphrey Lloyd, and was consecrated on 30 June at Fulham. ​Dr. William Lloyd, bishop of St. Asaph, and the members of parliament for Wales thanked William III for selecting Humphreys for the see. Humphreys was translated to Hereford in November 1701, and dying on 20 Nov. 1712 was buried in Hereford cathedral, where a monument with a Latin inscription was erected to his memory.
He was 'excellently well versed in the antiquities of Wales,' and enjoyed the reputation of being, after Edward Lhuyd [q.v.], the best Celtic scholar of his time (Caius, Vindiciæ Antiq. Acad. Oxon. ed. Hearne, ii. 646). He married the third daughter of Robert Morgan, D.D., bishop of Bangor. A daughter married John, son of William Lloyd, the deprived bishop of Norwich [q.v.]
His works are: 1. 'A Sermon preach'd before the House of Lords [at Westminster Abbey] on 30 Jan. 1695-6, being the Martyrdom of K. Charles I,' Lond. 1696, 4to. 2. 'Additions to and corrections of Anthony à Wood's Athenæ and Fasti Oxonienses.' Printed by Hearne in his edition of Caius's 'Vindiciæ' (Oxford, 1730), ii. 605-78, from a copy given to him by Thomas Baker, B.D. (1656-1740) [q. v.] These notes are incorporated in Dr. Philip Bliss's edition of the 'Athenæ.' 3. 'A Catalogue of the Deans of Bangor and St. Asaph.' Drawn up for the use of Anthony à Wood, and printed in Hearne's edition of Otterbourne and Whetehamstede (Oxford, 1732), ii. 719-32. Hearne also mentions a 'Discourse concerning the Antiquities of St. Winifrid's Well.'
[Abbey's English Church and its Bishops, i. 162; Bedford's Blazon of Episcopacy, p. 15; Caius, Vindiciæ (Hearne), ii. 638, 645, 646; Gent. Mag. 1826, ii. 586; Godwin, De Præsulibus (Richardson), p.498; Havergal's Fasti Herefordenses, p. 33; Hearne's edit, of Otterbourne and Whetehamstede, ii. 725; Hearne's Collections, ed.Doble (Oxf. Hist. Soc.), i. 225, 325; Le Neve's Fasti: ii. 305, 331, 370, 384; Rawlinson's Antiq. of the Cathedral of Hereford, p. 222; Willis's Survey of Cathedrals, ii. 530; Wood's Life (Bliss), p. xcvi; Wood's Athenæ Oxon. (Bliss.), pref. p. 14, ii. 62, 890, iv. 895, Fasti, ii. 305, 331, 370, 384.]
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Humphreys, James

​HUMPHREYS, JAMES (d. 1830), legal writer, a native of Montgomeryshire, was articled to a solicitor named Yeomans at Worcester, but determining to go to the bar, he entered at Lincoln's Inn in November 1789, read with Charles Butler (1750-1832) [q. v.], was called to the bar (25 June 1800), and obtained a good practice as a conveyancer. It is said that Brougham and Denman proposed that he and Charles Butler should be made benchers of their inn, but that the motion was lost, owing to the opposition of Sugden and Sir A. Hart. In politics Humphreys was a liberal, and was friendly with Fox, Clifford, Sir James Mackintosh, and Sir Francis Burdett. He was often present at Horne Tooke's parties at Wimbledon, and delivered a course of lectures on law at the newly founded university of London. He died on 29 Nov. 1830, in Upper Woburn Place, London.
Humphreys's chief work, 'Observations on the Actual State of the English Laws of Real Property, with the outlines of a Code' (London, 1826, 8vo, 2nd edit. 1827), gave him a high reputation as a legal reformer. Fox is said to have suggested the work, but it was really the fruit of its author's association with Charles Butler and with the new school of analytical jurists of which Bentham and Austin were the leaders. Bentham, in an elaborate notice of the book in 'The Westminster Review,' remarked that 'the publication forms an epoch, in law certainly; I had almost said in history.' The changes which Humphreys proposed excited much opposition at the time, but the majority have been since adopted: shortened forms of conveyance, registration of title, abolition of copyhold tenure, increase in the number of judges, improvement of procedure, the alteration of the law of descents, and the like. Sugden, John James Park, and others published adverse criticisms of Humphreys's proposals, but his scheme was praised by Kent in America, and the need for radical change in the land laws was admitted in this country by the appointment in 1827 of the real property commission. Humphreys also wrote 'Suggestions respecting the Stamp Duties affecting Real and Personal Property,' published posthumously in 1830, and a few other pamphlets.
[Gent. Mag. 1830 ii. 571, 1831 i. 181; Law Mag. i. 613, v. 258; Westminster Rev. No. xii.; October 1826; Bentham's Works, ed. Bowring, v. 387, &c., vi. 203; American Jurist and Law Mag. i. 58; Kent's Commentaries, iv. 8n; Martin's Conveyancing, ed. 1837, p. 39; Quarterly Rev. xxxiv. 520; Edinb. Rev. March 1827; Butler's Reminiscences, pp. 56, 284; Lincoln's Inn MS. Register.]
W. A. J. A.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/O'Cullane, John

​O'CULLANE, JOHN (1754–1816), Irish poet, called in Irish O'Cuiléin, and in English often Collins, was born in co. Cork in 1754. He belonged to a family whose original territory was Ui Conaill Gabra (O'Donovan, O'Huidhrin), now the baronies of Upper and Lower Connello, co. Limerick. Many of them still inhabit the district, but the chief family of the clan was driven from his original estate and settled near Timoleague, co. Cork, where the family was finally dispossessed by the Boyles, earls of Cork. Several of the O'Cullanes are buried in the Franciscan abbey of Timoleague. His parents had a small farm, gave him a good education, and wished to make him a priest. He, however, preferred to be a schoolmaster, married, and had several children. His school was at Myross in Carbery.
Many of his poems are extant in Munster, and Mr. Standish Hayes O'Grady has some manuscripts written by him, including part of a history of Ireland and part of an English-Irish dictionary. Two of his poems have been printed and translated—‘An buachaill bán’ (‘The Fair-haired Boy’), written in 1782, published in 1860 by John O'Daly; and ‘Machtnadh an duin e dhoilghiosaidh’ (‘Meditation of the Sorrowful Person’) which is printed in Irish (Hardiman, Irish Minstrelsy, ii. 234), and paraphrased in verse by Thomas Furlong and by Sir Samuel Ferguson. He also translated into Irish Campbell's ‘Exile of Erin.’ He died at Skibbereen, co. Cork, in 1816.
[Hardiman's Irish Minstrelsy, ii. 234–5, 401–11, London, 1831; the Poets and Poetry of Munster, 2nd ser., Dublin, 1860; O'Donovan's Topographical Poem of O'Huidhrin, Dublin, 1862; Lewis's Topographical Dictionary of Ireland, ed. ii., London, 1850; Webb's Compendium of Irish Biography, Dublin, 1878.]
N. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/O'Daly, Aengus (d.1617)

Aonghus Ó Dálaigh in the ODNB.
​O'DALY, AENGUS (d. 1617), Irish poet, called in Irish Aenghus Ruadh, or the ruddy, owned an estate at Ballyorroone, co. Cork, but belonged to the O'Dalys of Meath. He is often called in Irish writings Aenghus na naor, or of the satires, because he wrote, in Queen Elizabeth's reign, an abusive poem on the Irish tribes. It has been edited by John O'Daly, a Dublin publisher, born in 1800, who was eighteenth in descent from Dálach, the ancestor from whom the O'Dalys are named, with notes by J. O'Donovan. The poem contains some information of interest about localities at its period. The poet says he will not abuse the ‘Clann Dalaigh,’ or Daly family—a term by which he means not his own poetical race, but the O'Donnells of Donegal, who were called Clann Dalaigh, from an ancestor of theirs named Dálach, and who were not kin to the O'Dalys. Many copies of the poem are extant. He also wrote ‘Tainic lén do leath Mogha’ (‘Misfortune has come to the southern half of Ireland’), a poem of 168 verses on the death of Donnchadh fionn MacCarthy. O'Daly was stabbed by a man named O'Meagher near Roscrea, co. Tipperary, on 16 Dec. 1617.
[O'Daly's Tribes of Ireland, ed. O'Donovan, Dublin, 1852; Transactions of the Iberno-Celtic Society, Dublin, 1820.]
N. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/O'Conor, Matthew

​O'CONOR, MATTHEW (1773–1844), Irish historical writer, the sixth son of Denis O'Conor of Belanagare, by Catherine, daughter of Martin Browne of Clonfad, was born in co. Roscommon on 18 Sept. 1773. Like his brother, Charles O'Conor (1764–1828) [q. v.], he was intended for the priesthood, and studied in the English College at Rome; but he eventually adopted the legal profession, supplementing his practice at the bar by studying and writing upon subjects in connection with Irish history. He died at Mount Druid, co. Roscommon, on 8 May 1844. By his wife Priscilla Forbes, whom he married in 1804, he left issue Denis (1808–1872), of Mount Druid, who was sheriff of his county in 1836; Arthur (d. 1870), of the Palace, Elphin; Matthew, of Mount Allen; and two daughters.
O'Conor was author of:
* ‘The History of the Irish Catholics from the Settlement in 1691, with a View of the State of Ireland from the Invasion of Henry II to the Revolution,’ Dublin, 1813, 8vo. This work, which is ill-digested and uncompromising in tone, was based upon some valuable documents in the possession of the writer's grandfather, Charles O'Conor (1710–1791) [q. v.]
* ‘Picturesque and Historical Recollections during a Tour through Belgium, Germany, France, and Switzerland during the summer vacation of 1835,’ Dublin, 1837, 8vo.
* ‘Military History of the Irish Nation; comprising Memoirs of the Irish Brigade in the Service of France, with an Appendix of Official Papers relative to the Brigade from the Archives at Paris,’ Dublin, 1845, 8vo. A posthumous publication, this was part only of a larger work contemplated by the author. It only goes down to 1738, and had not the advantage of the author's revision. The references are, in consequence, frequently ​leading. But the work is based upon genuine research, and was a valuable contribution to military history, though now almost completely superseded by the ‘Irish Brigades in the Service of France’ (1851) of John Cornelius O'Callaghan [q. v.]
[The O'Conor Don's History of the O'Conors, and other authorities cited under O'Conor, Charles (1764–1828); Burke's Landed Gentry, ii. 1513; Dublin Univ. Mag. xxv. 593–608; Gent. Mag. 1845, ii. 271; Webb's Compendium of Irish Biogr. p. 387; O'Conor's Works.]
T. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/O'Daly, Aengus (d.1350)

Aonghus Ruadh Ó Dálaigh in the ODNB.
​O'DALY, AENGUS (d. 1350), Irish poet, called in Irish Aenghus Ruadh O'Dálaigh, belonged to the sept of O'Daly of Meath, and was related to Cuchonacht O'Daly, who died at Clonard in 1139, and was the first famous poet of the O'Daly family. Aengus was poet to Ruaidhri O'Maelmhuaidh, chief of Fearcall, King's County, and when drunk offended that chief. He wrote a poem of 192 verses to appease O'Maelmhuaidh's wrath, ‘Ceangal do shioth riom a Ruadhri’ (‘Confirm thy peace with me, O Ruaidhri!’), in which he urges him to attack the English and make friends with his own poet. He was already in practice as a poet in 1309, when he wrote a poem of 192 verses on the erection by Aedh O'Connor in that year of a castle on the hill of Carn Free, ‘An tu aris a raith Theamhrach’ (‘Dost thou appear again, oh earthwork of Tara’).
[Transactions of Iberno-Celtic Society, vol. i., Dublin, 1820; O'Daly's Tribes of Ireland, Dublin, 1852.]
N. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Caulfeild, Toby (1565-1627)

​CAULFEILD, Sir TOBY or TOBIAS, first Baron Charlemont (1565–1627), was descended from a family which had been settled in Oxfordshire for many generations, his father being Alexander Caulfeild of Great Milton in that county. He was born 2 Dec. 1565. When a youth he served under Frobisher, and next under Lord Howard. He was also with the Earl of Essex at the capture of Cadiz, 21 June 1596. In 1598 he accompanied Essex to Ireland, in command of a troop of horse, and was for a time stationed at Newry. In 1601, under Lord Mountjoy, he took part in the capture of Kinsale from the Spaniards. By Lord Mountjoy he was left in charge of a bridge built by him over the Blackwater, with command of a hundred and fifty men, the fort erected for its protection being named Charlemont. After the accession of King James he received the honour of knighthood. On the flight of the Earl of Tyrone in 1607 he was appointed receiver of his rents until the estate was given out to undertakers in 1610, an allowance of 100l. a year being made to him for discharging this duty. The account of his collection of the earl's rents (State Papers, Irish Series, 1608–1610, pp. 532–46) is a document of great interest, for the light which it casts on the land system of Ireland at this particular period. On the division of the estates, Caulfeild received a grant of a thousand acres. Previous to this he had, in 1608, been appointed to the command of the upper part of Tyrone and of Armagh. On 17 April 1613 he was named a privy councillor, and the same year he was chosen knight of the shire for Armagh. On 19 Feb. 1615 he was made master of the ordnance, and on 10 May of the same year one of the council for the province of Munster. Subsequently he was appointed a member of the commission for the parcelling out of escheated lands. In consideration of his long and valuable services to the crown, recorded in detail in the patent (State Papers, Irish Series, 1615–25, p. 309), he was created Baron Charlemont, and as he had not been married, the succession of the honour was granted to his nephew, Sir William Caulfeild, and son of his brother James. He died 17 Aug. 1627, and was buried in Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin.
[Burke's Peerage and Baronetage; Lodge's Peerage of Ireland, iii. 127–34; State Papers, Irish Series, from 1603 to 1625.]
T. F. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Caulfeild, William (d.1726)

1904 Errata appended.
​CAULFEILD, WILLIAM, second Viscount Charlemont (d. 1726), was the second son of William, first viscount [q. v.], and ​Sarah, second daughter of Charles, second viscount Moore of Drogheda. Having taken up arms against James II, he was attainted and his estates sequestrated 7 May 1689, but he was afterwards reinstated in them by William, who made him governor of the fort of Charlemont, and custos rotulorum of Tyrone and Armagh. In the business of the house of peers he took an active part, being in 1692 selected to prepare an address to the lord-lieutenant to recommend the stationing of men-of-war on the coasts, and in 1695 to prepare a bill against the inheritance of protestant estates by papists. He was colonel 36th foot 1701–6. In 1702 he sailed with the fleet to the West Indies. In 1705 he served under the Earl of Peterborough in the Spanish war, and distinguished himself at Barcelona. At the attack on the citadel of Monjuich he was one of the first to march into the fort at the head of his men, and received for his conduct the special thanks of the king of Spain. On 25 Aug. 1705 he was promoted brigadier-general, and on 22 April 1708 major-general. He was also chosen a privy councillor, and in May 1726 he was sworn of the privy council of George I. He died 21 July of the same year, and was buried in the vault of the family in Armagh. By his wife Anne, only daughter of Dr. James Margetson, archbishop of Armagh, he had seven sons and five daughters.
[Lodge's Irish Peerage (ed. 1789), iii. 148–150; Burke's Peerage; Political State of Great Britain, xxxii. 98; Luttrell's Narrative.]
T. F. H.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.58 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 329 | i | 14 | Caulfeild, William, 2nd Viscount Charlemont: after papists insert From 1701 to 1706 he was colonel of the 36th foot |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Catton, Charles (1756-1819)

​CATTON, CHARLES, the younger (1756–1819), painter, son of Charles Catton the elder [q. v.], was born in London 30 Dec. 1756. He had the advantage of his father's tuition, and studied also in the Academy schools, where it is stated that he acquired a good knowledge of the figure. He travelled considerably in England and Scotland making sketches, of which some were afterwards engraved and published. He was known as a scene-painter, and also as a topographical draughtsman. In 1775 he exhibited at the Royal Academy a ‘View of London from Blackfriars Bridge,’ and one of ‘Westminster from Westminster Bridge.’ In 1793 he exhibited designs for Gay's ‘Fables,’ together with Burney. These were afterwards published. So also were a number of drawings of animals taken from nature and engraved by himself, 1788. At the Royal Academy he exhibited thirty-seven times altogether from 1776 to 1800. In the latter year he was living at Purley. In 1804 he left this country for America, and settled in a farm upon the Hudson with his two daughters and a son. There he lived until his death, painting occasionally. At South Kensington there are specimens of his work—some drawings of animals done in a neat, wiry manner. He is said to have ‘acquired wealth’ by his painting. He died 24 April 1819.
[Redgrave's Dict. of Artists; Graves's Dict. of Artists; Cat. Eng. Coll. South Kensington Museum.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Catton, Thomas

​CATTON, THOMAS (1760–1838), astronomer, took a degree of B.A. in 1781 from St. John's College, Cambridge, as fourth wrangler and first Smith's prizeman, obtained one of the members' prizes for senior bachelors in 1783, proceeded M.A. in 1784 and B.D. in 1791. He was also a fellow and tutor of his college, and was entrusted with the care of the small observatory situated on one of its towers. Here he observed eclipses, occultations, and other astronomical phenomena from 1791 to 1832 with a 3½-foot transit, a 46-inch, and (after 1811) a 42-inch Dollond's achromatic. The data thus collected were reduced and printed in 1853 under the superintendence of Sir George Airy, at public expense, with the title ‘Astronomical Observations made by the Rev. Thomas Catton, B.D.’ Besides appearing separately, they formed part of vol. xxii. of ‘Memoirs of the Royal Astronomical Society.’ Catton was one of the earliest members of the last-named body, and was also a fellow of the Royal Society. He died at St. John's College, Cambridge, 6 Jan. 1838.
[Annual Register, 1838, p. 194; Gent. Mag. ix. (i.) 216 (new series); Monthly Notices, iv. 110; R. Soc.'s Cat. Sc. Papers.]
A. M. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Caulfeild, Toby (d.1642)

​CAULFEILD, TOBY or TOBIAS, third Baron Charlemont (d. 1642), was the eldest son of Sir William Caulfeild, second baron, and Mary, daughter of Sir John King, knight (ancestor to the Earl of Kingston). In 1639 he was returned to parliament for the county of Tyrone. At the time of the rebellion of 1641 he succeeded his father as governor of Fort Charlemont. On 22 Oct. 1641 Sir Phelim O'Neill [q. v.] went to dine with him, and was courteously received; but meantime O'Neill's followers surprised Charlemont. After being retained fifteen weeks a prisoner in Charlemont, he was removed to O'Neill's castle at Kinard, on entering which he was shot dead by Edmund Boy O'Hugh, foster-brother to O'Neill, 1 March 1642. He was succeeded by his brother Robert, who died a few months later.
[Lodge's Irish Peerage (edit. 1789), iii. 140–2.]
T. F. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Catton, Walter

Walter Chatton in the ODNB.
​CATTON or CHATTODUNUS, WALTER (d. 1343), a Franciscan friar of Norwich, was, according to some authorities, head of the Minorite convent situated between the churches of St. Cuthbert and St. Vedast. He seems to have been an author of some repute in his generation, and was, according to Bale, a great student of Aristotle. Towards the close of his life he was summoned to Avignon by the pope, and died a penitentiary in that city in 1343. The titles of his works have been preserved by Leland, viz. ‘A Commentary on the Sentences of Peter Lombard’ (4 books) and a treatise ‘De Paupertate Evangelica,’ to which Bale adds two other discussions entitled respectively, ‘Adversus Astrologos’ and certain ‘Resolutiones Quæstionum.’ Pits adds that he was a mathematician.
[Leland's Commentarii, 306; Bale, De Script. Brit. i. 420; Pits's Relat. de Illustr. Script. Angliæ, 449, 450; Dugdale's Monast. Anglic. (ed. 1817), vi. pt. iii. 1522.]
T. A. A.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Caulfeild, William (d.1671)

​CAULFEILD, WILLIAM, fifth Baron and first Viscount Charlemont (d. 1671), third son of Sir William Caulfeild, second baron, and brother of Toby, third baron [q. v.], succeeded his brother Robert in the title and estates in 1642. He caused the apprehension of Sir Phelim O'Neill, who was chargeable with the murder of Toby, third baron, and had him executed. After the Restoration he was chosen a member of the privy council, and in 1661 he was nominated one of the lords to prepare a declaration requiring conformity to episcopacy. He was named constable and governor of the fort of Charlemont for life, but on 13 April 1664 sold it to the crown for 3,500l. By Charles II he was in 1665 advanced to the degree of viscount. He died in April 1671, and was buried in the cathedral church of Armagh, where there is an elaborate monument to his memory.
[Lodge's Irish Peerage (edit. 1789), iii. 142–6.]
T. F. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Sheppard, Samuel

​SHEPPARD, SAMUEL (fl. 1646), author, was the son of Harman Sheppard, physician, who died on 12 July 1639, aged 90, by his wife Petronilla, who died on 10 Sept. 1650. He was related to Sir Christopher Clapham of Beamish in Yorkshire, to whom he dedicated several of his books. He commenced his literary career about 1606 as amanuensis to Ben Jonson, but wrote nothing himself till a later period. He took holy orders, and, like his connections the Claphams, was an ardent royalist. He twice suffered imprisonment for his opinions, once in 1650 in Whittington College (Cal. State Papers, Dom. 1649–50 p. 529, 1650 p. 143) and again for fourteen months in Newgate. His wife's name was Mary.
He was the author of: 1. ‘The Farmers Farmed,’ London, 1646, 4to. 2. ‘The False Alarm,’ London, 1646, 4to. 3. ‘The Year of Jubilee,’ London, 1646, 4to. 4. ‘The Times displayed in Six Sestyads,’ London, 1646, 4to. 5. ‘The Committee Man Curried,’ London, 1647, 4to (two short farces almost entirely made up of plagiarisms from Sir John Suckling). 6. ‘Grand Pluto's Progress through Great Britain,’ 1647 (Lilly's Catalogue, 1844). 7. ‘The Loves of Amandus and Sophronia,’ London, 1650, 8vo. 8. ‘Epigrams,’ London, 1651, 8vo. 9. ‘The Joviall Crew,’ London, 1651, 4to. 10. ‘Discoveries, or an Explication of some Enigmatic Verities. Also a Seraphick Rhapsodie on the Passion of Jesus Christ,’ London, 1652. 11. ‘Parliament Routed,’ London, 1653. Hazlitt (Handbook) also ascribes to him the preface to Captain Hobson's ‘Fallacy of Infant Baptism Discovered,’ London, 1645, 4to, together with ‘God and Mammon,’ 1646, 4to, ‘The Weepers,’ London, 1652, 4to, and a ballad, ‘St. George for England,’ London, 1650. All these pieces and Nos. 3, 4, 7, 8, and 9 are in the British Museum. Some lines by Sheppard preface Thomas Manly's ‘Veni, Vidi, Vici,’ London, 1652, 8vo, and he left in manuscript (now in the Bodleian Library) ‘The Fairy King.’
E. I. C.