OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Montbars

Edition of 1900.
​MONTBARS (mom-barr), surnamed the “Exterminator,” buccaneer, b. in Languedoc, France, about 1645. Nothing is known of his death. He belonged to a wealthy family, and in his youth received a good education, but embarked with his uncle, a captain in the royal navy of France, when the war against Spain began in 1667, and sailed to the West Indies. Near Santo Domingo their ship went down, together with two Spanish vessels which they were fighting, and the death of his uncle augmented his hatred of the Spaniards. He joined the buccaneers of Tortugas, and soon was one of their chiefs. With his companions he attacked the coasts of Mexico, Honduras, the Spanish main, Cuba, and Porto Rico, taking forts and destroying cities, and never giving quarter, although he did not murder defenceless persons in cold blood like other buccaneers. He set fire to Porto Cabello, San Pedro, Gibraltar, Maracaibo, and other important cities, whose commerce he wholly destroyed. He was probably lost at sea during one of his expeditions. He is the hero of several dramas and of a romance entitled “Montbars, l'Exterminateur; ou le dernier des flibustiers” (Paris, 1807). See also Alexander O. Œmelin's “Histoire des aventuriers ou flibustiers” (Lyons, 1775).
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Montez, Lola

Edition of 1900.
​MONTEZ, Lola, adventuress, b. probably in Limerick, Ireland, in 1824; d. in Astoria, L. I., 30 June, 1861. Her mother was a Creole, and there are conflicting statements as to her birth and parentage. Her maiden name was Maria Dolores Porris Gilbert. She was brought up in England, educated in Bath, and at the age of fifteen married a Capt. James, of the British army. Later she went with her husband to Hindostan, but soon parted from him to return to England. In 1840 Lola Montez suddenly appeared as a Spanish dancer in Paris, and attracted attention by her beauty and eccentricities. After numerous adventures in the French capital, she found her way to Munich as a Spanish performer in ballet and pantomime. King Louis soon became fascinated by her person and manners, and bestowed on her many distinctions. In 1846 Lola was made Countess of Landsfeldt. Her influence with the monarch at last became so aggravating to the ministry and offensive to the people as to cause several popular outbreaks, which in 1848 brought on a governmental crisis that resulted in the king's abdication and Lola's expulsion from Bavaria. The countess then retired to England and married a British officer named Heald, whereupon she was prosecuted for bigamy by her first husband, and fled to Spain. In 1851 she sailed in the same ship with Louis Kossuth, and landed in New York city. Here she performed in several dramas that set forth her European experiences, appearing first at the Broadway theatre on 29 Dec., 1851. She repeated these entertainments in Boston, Philadelphia, New Orleans, and San Francisco. In 1855 she sailed for Australia, and after an absence of about a year returned to the United States, delivered lectures on “Woman, Love, and Spiritualism,” and went to England to repeat the series. But her literary novelties were not appreciated, and she returned to this country, discouraged and without occupation. Not long afterward she suffered from partial paralysis, and closed her eventful career in a sanitary asylum. She was a brunette of the Spanish type, with dark-blue eyes and long lashes. To her personal charms she added an arch and vivacious manner, and fluent conversation in four languages. Her publications include “Anecdotes of Love” (New York); “Lectures,” autobiographical (1858); and “The Arts of Beauty.” See “The Story of a Penitent” (New York, 1867).
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Mondésir, Charles Stanislas

Edition of 1900. No confirmation of this person's existence outside of Appletons' and derived sources has as yet been located, but there is also no verifiable source which states the person is one of Appletons' fictitious entries. Use this information with extra caution. There is a mention of an Asiatic cholera outbreak in Peru in 1783, but Asiatic cholera did not appear in South America until 1835, i.e. 18 years after the subject's date of death: this anachronism also appears in the fictitious entries of Nicolas Henrion and Stanislas Henri de la Ramée, who were also supposedly French. The Malasapina Expedition also lasted from 1789-1794, and there is also no record of the subject assisting Louis Nèe.
​MONDESIR, Charles Stanislas (mong-day- zeer), French naturalist, b. in New Oi'leans, La., in 1750; d. in Aix, Provence, in 1817. He entered the church, was provided with an abbey in 1770- through the influence of the Duke de Choiseul, employed in several missions, and in 1781 sent to- Cayenne, where he tried to naturalize the cochineal insect and the nopal-tree on which it feeds. He went afterward to Peru to study the eff>ects of the cholera, which had broken out in Callao, and with other scientists advised the tearing down of many buildings. He afterward made, at the instance of the Spanish authorities, an examination of the mines of Xepero and Barillo, discovered a sulphur- mine in the neighborhood of the latter place, and was still in Peru wdien the expedition round the world under command of Capt. Malaspina arrived in Concepcion in 1790. He immediately joined the explorers, guided them through the Andes range, and accompanied Malasina along the Californian coast to the Straits of Nootka. He then went to- New Spain and lived there several months, occu- pied in forming an herbarium of the plants of the country. The revolution in France had mean- while deprived him of the income from his abbey, and for several years after 1793 he assisted Louis Nee in preparing a " Flora Peruana." Returning to France in 1802, he recovered a part of his estate, and, settling in Aix, devoted the remain- der of his life to the arrangement of the mate- rials he had collected during his twenty years in America. Mondesir's works are few but valuable. They are " Memoire sur la cochenille et le nopal, et de leur aeclimatation a Saint Domingue et a la Guiane " (Paris, 1783) : " Histoire et effets de I'epi- demie de cholera asiatique a Callao dans le Perou, pendant I'ete de 1783 " (1785) ; " Histoire, descrip- tion et proprietes des plantes medicinales du royaume de la Nouvelle Espagne " (2 vols., Aix, 1807) ; " Description des mines d'argent du Perou " (1811); and '-Memoire sur les mines de soufre du Perou, suivi d'une description de celle de Xepero,. et d'une etude sur les precedes d'exploitation " (2 vols., Aix, 1813).
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Montauband

Edition of 1900.
​MONTAUBAND (mon-to-bong), buccaneer, b. about 1650; d. in Bordeaux in 1700. The place of his birth is unknown. He appeared as a pirate in the West Indies about 1675, and for twenty years was the terror of the Spaniards in Africa and America. He established his headquarters in the island of Tortuga, which at that time was the rendezvous of all the buccaneers. Montauband frequently ravaged the coasts of New Spain, Carthagena, Florida, and North America, as far as Newfoundland. In 1694 he escorted to France a great number of prizes that he had taken in the West Indies, but the excesses that were committed by his crew at Bordeaux forced him to abandon that port in January, 1695, and he cruised for some time on the coast of Guinea, capturing many ships from the Dutch and English. After nearly losing his life by the explosion of a powder-magazine he returned to Tortuga, but resolved to abandon his mode of life, and returned to Bordeaux, where he died. He wrote “Relation du voyage du sieur de Montauband, capitaine de flibustiers sur les côtes de l'Amérique du Sud et de Guinée dans les années de 1694 et 1695,” which is printed in the collection of Las Casas (Amsterdam, 1698). This is considered unauthentic by some authorities.
# Ballads Founded on Anecdotes Relating to Animals/The End

THE END.
# Baird's Manual of American College Fraternities (1879)/Alpha Kappa Phi

This fraternity was instituted in the South previous to 1861. The exact date is unknown, as all the records were lost or destroyed during the Rebellion. After 1864 several chapters were revived, the Psi Chapter, at Mississippi University, being re-established in 1867. The fraternity still has some four or five chapters. It has claimed to have had chapters in the Northern States, but the claim cannot be substantiated. The badge of the society is a shield with concavely-curved sides, displaying at the top a pair of clasped hands, in the centre the letters "ΑΚΦ," and, below, a chain of three links encircling the letters "ααπ."
The Psi Chapter became the Beta Beta of Beta Theta Pi in 1879.
# Baines v. Clarke

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
111 U.S. 789
Baines v. Clarke
C. Bogges and S. A. Miller, for appellant.
Wm. Pinckney Whyte, for appellees.
WAITE, C. J.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Baird's Manual of American College Fraternities
## Editions in the public domain

* 1879, William Baird, ed.
* 1880, William Baird, ed.
* 1883, William Baird, ed.
* 1890, William Baird, ed.
* 1898, William Baird, ed.
* 1905, William Baird, ed.
* 1912, William Baird, ed.
* 1915, William Baird, ed.
* 1920, James T. Brown, ed.

## Later editions

* 1923, James T. Brown, ed.
* 1927, Francis Wayland Shepardson, ed.
* 1930, Francis Wayland Shepardson, ed.
* 1935, Francis Wayland Shepardson, ed.
* 1940, Alvan E. Duerr, ed.
* 1949, Harold J. Baily, ed.
* 1957, George Starr Lasher, ed.
* 1963, John Robson, ed.
* 1968, John Robson, ed.
* 1977, John Robson, ed.
* 1991, Jack L. Anson, Robert F. Marchesani, Jr., eds., ISBN 0963715909
# Baird's Manual of American College Fraternities (1879)/Alpha Gamma

This fraternity was founded at Cumberland University, Tennessee, in March, 1867, by Messrs. W. T. Nixon, A. B. Goodbar, M.S. Matheny, L. Black, C. N. Campbell, and W. G. Campbell. The organization established chapters rapidly in different colleges, and unfortunately has lost them with nearly the same rapidity. Of a total of 21 chapters, 9 are now left, as follows:
* Alpha, Washington and Jefferson College.
* Zeta, Mercersburg College.
* Eta, Trinity University.
* Theta, Southwestern Presbyterian University.
* Iota, Cumberland University.
* Kappa, East Tennessee University.
* Pi, West Virginia University.
* Nu, Savannah, Alabama.
* Xi, Decatur, Alabama.
In many of the colleges where the fraternity had established chapters anti-fraternity laws were passed, and the chapters thus killed. In one or two instances the chapters have become branches of other fraternities. The Nu and Xi are alumni chapters. The government is in the hands of the Alpha. The badge of the fraternity is a shield of gold, displaying a globe encircled by a pennant bearing the letters "ΑΓ" and surmounted by six stars, clearly indicating the founders. The number of members is about 350.
# Baird's Manual of American College Fraternities (1879)/Alpha Phi

For current information, see Alpha Phi.
The first ladies’ society in Syracuse University, founded in 1872, mostly by members of the class of ’76. The charter members were Misses Mary F. Cary, J. Louise Gage, E. Grace Hubbell, Alice M. Lee, and Lizzie Peebles. The society soon took a prominent position in the university, and remained without a rival until 1874, when Gamma Phi Beta was founded. Both organizations are now in a flourishing condition. The chapter calls itself the “Alpha;” its badge is a monogram of the “Α” placed over the “Φ,” and is very pretty. The total number of members to date is 54, and its active membership is between 20 and 25.
The society's colors are silver gray and bordeaux.
# Baines v. City of Danville/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
United States Supreme Court
384 U.S. 890
Baines v. City of Danville
The motions to dispense with printing the petition for a writ of certiorari and the respondent's brief are granted. The petition for writ of certiorari is also granted and the judgments are affirmed. City of Greenwood v. Peacock, 384 U.S. 808, 86 S.Ct. 1800, 16 L.Ed.2d 944.
THE CHIEF JUSTICE, Mr. Justice DOUGLAS, Mr. Justice BRENNAN and Mr. Justice FORTAS would reverse the judgments for the reasons stated in the dissenting opinion of Mr. Justice DOUGLAS in City of Greenwood v. Peacock, 384 U.S., at 835, 89 S.Ct., at 1816, 16 L.Ed.2d at 961.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Baird's Manual of American College Fraternities (1879)

First edition of the Baird's Manual, published as American College Fraternities: A Descriptive Analysis of the Society System in the Colleges of the United States, with a Detailed Account of Each Fraternity.
* Preface
* Greek-Letter Fraternities, Their Origin, Progress, Manners, Customs, Etc.
* General fraternities
** Alpha Delta Phi (ΑΔΦ)
** Alpha Digamma (ΑF)
** Alpha Gamma (ΑΓ)
** Alpha Kappa Phi (ΑΚΦ)
** Alpha Sigma Chi (ΑΣΧ)
** Alpha Sigma Phi (ΑΣΦ)
** Alpha Tau Omega (ΑΤΩ)
** Beta Theta Pi (ΒΘΠ)
** Chi Phi (ΧΦ)
** Chi Psi (ΧΨ)
** Delta Beta Phi (ΔΒΦ)
** D.G.K.
** Delta Kappa Epsilon (ΔΚΕ)
** Delta Phi (ΔΦ)
** Delta Psi (ΔΨ)
** Delta Tau Delta (ΔΤΔ)
** Delta Upsilon (ΔΥ, anti-secret)
** Kappa Alpha (ΚΑ, Northern order)
** Kappa Alpha (ΚΑ, Southern order)
** Kappa Sigma (ΚΣ)
** Kappa Sigma Kappa (ΚΣΚ)
** Mystic Seven
** Phi Beta Kappa (ΦΒΚ, honorary)
** Phi Delta Kappa (ΦΔΚ)
** Phi Delta Phi (ΦΔΦ, law)
** Phi Delta Theta (ΦΔΘ)
** Phi Gamma Delta (ΦΓΔ)
** Phi Kappa Alpha (ΦΚΑ)
** Phi Kappa Psi (ΦΚΨ)
** Phi Kappa Sigma (ΦΚΣ)
** Phi Sigma (ΦΣ)
** Pi Kappa Alpha (ΠΚΑ)
** Psi Upsilon (ΨΥ)
** Q. T. V.
** Rainbow Fraternity
** Sigma Alpha (ΣΑ, Black Badge)
** Sigma Alpha Epsilon (ΣΑΕ)
** Sigma Chi (ΣΧ)
** Sigma Delta Pi (ΣΔΠ, Vitruvian)
** Sigma Nu (ΣΝ)
** Sigma Phi (ΣΦ)
** Theta Delta Chi (ΘΔΧ)
** Theta Xi (ΘΞ)
** Zeta Phi (ΖΦ)
** Zeta Psi (ΖΨ)
* Defunct fraternities
* Local fraternities
** Beta Beta (ΒΒ)
** Berzelius
** I. K. A.
** Sigma Delta Chi (ΣΔΧ)
** Phi Zeta Mu (ΦΖΜ)
** Phi Theta Pi (ΦΘΠ)
** Phi Gamma Pi (ΦΓΠ)
** Phi Sigma Kappa (ΦΣΚ)
** Phi Nu Theta (ΦΝΘ, Eclectic)
** Phi Chi (ΦΧ)
** Lambda Iota (ΛΙ, The Owl)
** Delta Psi (ΔΨ)
** Kappa Kappa Kappa (ΚΚΚ)
* Local fraternities, defunct
* Ladies' societies
** Alpha Phi (ΑΦ)
** Delta Gamma (ΔΓ)
** Delta Sigma Rho (ΔΣΡ)
** Delta Chi Alpha (ΔΧΑ)
** Gamma Phi Beta (ΓΦΒ)
** Kappa Alpha Theta (ΚΑΘ)
** Kappa Kappa Gamma (ΚΚΓ)
* Class fraternities
** Senior Societies
** Junior Societies
** Sophomore Societies
** Freshman Societies
* Greek-letter literary societies
* Unknown societies
* Statistical summary
* Directory of chapters
** College Chapters
** Alumni and Metropolitan Chapters
* Fraternity colors
* College colors
* College annuals
* The fraternities; have they a right to live?
* Addenda
* Index
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Baird's Manual of American College Fraternities (1879)/Alpha Digamma

Alpha Digamma was founded at Marietta College, Marietta, Ohio, in February, 1859. Some trouble arising among the literary societies rendered the formation of such a fraternity possible, and accordingly it was established.
The founders were Messrs. R. B. Brownell, Wm. H. Fleek, J. C. Garrison, A. J. McKennir, J. H. Jenkins, and others. The number of members is limited, and the fraternity has accordingly been prosperous, especially during the last eight or ten years.
Projects for new chapters were frequently discussed, but without result until 1864, when a chapter, the "Beta," was established at Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, Ohio. Its charter was revoked four years later, however, on account of the disgraceful conduct of some of the members. Among the prominent alumni of Alpha Digamma we will mention Major E. C. Dawes, of Cincinnati; General R. R. Dawes, of Marietta; General B. D. Fearing, of Cincinnati; and Oakley Johnson, Judge of the Supreme Court of West Virginia.
The badge of the fraternity is a crescent-shaped disk, in the broadest part of which is a shield-shaped space bearing a lighted lamp. To the left and right are the letters "A" and "F." Beneath the "A" are clasped hands, while beneath the "F" are a key and dagger crossed.
No catalogue of the fraternity has as yet been issued, but the total number of members to date is 168.
Their colors are black and gold.
# Beasts, Men and Gods/Chapter 4

CHAPTER IV
A FISHERMAN
One day during the hunt, I approached the bank of the river and noticed many very large fish with red backs, as though filled with blood. They were swimming on the surface enjoying the rays of the sun. When the river was entirely free from ice, these fish appeared in enormous quantities. Soon I realized that they were working up-stream for the spawning season in the smaller rivers. I thought to use a plundering method of catching, forbidden by the law of all countries; but all the lawyers and legislators should be lenient to one who lives in a den under the roots of a fallen tree and dares to break their rational laws.
Gathering many thin birch and aspen trees I built in the bed of the stream a weir which the fish could not pass and soon I found them trying to jump over it. Near the bank I left a hole in my barrier about eighteen inches below the surface and fastened on the up-stream side a high basket plaited from soft willow twigs, into which the fish came as they passed the hole. Then I stood cruelly by and hit them on the head with a strong stick. All my catch were over thirty pounds, some more than eighty. This variety of fish is called the taimen, is of the trout family and is the best in the Yenisei.
After two weeks the fish had passed and my basket gave me no more treasure, so I began anew the hunt.
# Beasts, Men and Gods/Chapter 43

THE BIRTH OF THE LIVING BUDDHA
THE Living Buddha does not die. His soul sometimes passes into that of a child born on the day of his death and sometimes transfers itself to another being during the life of the Buddha. This new mortal dwelling of the sacred spirit of the Buddha almost always appears in the yurta of some poor Tibetan or Mongol family. There is a reason of policy for this. If the Buddha appears in the family of a rich prince, it could result in the elevation of a family that would not yield obedience to the clergy (and such has happened in the past), while on the other hand any poor, unknown family that becomes the heritor of the throne of Jenghiz Khan acquires riches and is readily submissive to the Lamas. Only three or four Living Buddhas were of purely Mongolian origin; the remainder were Tibetans.
One of the Councillors of the Living Buddha, Lama-Khan Jassaktu, told me the following:
"In the monasteries at Lhasa and Tashi Lumpo they are kept constantly informed through letters from Urga about the health of the Living Buddha. When his human body becomes old and the Spirit of Buddha strives to extricate itself, special solemn services begin in the Tibetan temples together with the telling of fortunes by astrology. These rites indicate the specially pious Lamas ​who must discover where the Spirit of the Buddha will be re-incarnated. For this purpose they travel throughout the whole land and observe. Often God himself gives them signs and indications. Sometimes the white wolf appears near the yurta of a poor shepherd or a lamb with two heads is born or a meteor falls from the sky. Some Lamas take fish from the sacred lake Tangri Nor and read on the scales thereof the name of the new Bogdo Khan; others pick out stones whose cracks indicate to them where they must search and whom they must find; while others secrete themselves in narrow mountain ravines to listen to the voices of the spirits of the mountains, pronouncing the name of the new choice of the Gods. When he is found, all the possible information about his family is secretly collected and presented to the Most Learned Tashi Lama, having the name of Erdeni, "The Great Gem of Learning," who, according to the runes of Rama, verifies the selection. If he is in agreement with it, he sends a secret letter to the Dalai Lama, who holds a special sacrifice in the Temple of the "Spirit of the Mountains" and confirms the election by putting his great seal on this letter of the Tashi Lama.
If the old Living Buddha be still alive, the name of his successor is kept a deep secret; if the Spirit of Buddha has already gone out from the body of Bogdo Khan, a special legation appears from Tibet with the new Living Buddha. The same process accompanies the election of the Gheghen and Hutuktus in all the Lamaite monasteries in Mongolia; but confirmation of the election resides with the Living Buddha and is only announced to Lhasa after the event.
# Bank of Washington v. Arkansas

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
61 U.S. 530
Bank of Washington v. Arkansas
THESE two cases depended upon the same principle, and a report of the first will apply equally to the second.
It was brought up from the Supreme Court of the State of Arkansas by a writ of error issued under the twenty-fifth section of the judiciary act.
The case is stated in the opinion of the court.
It was argued by Mr. Pike for the plaintiffs in error, and by Mr. Hempstead for the defendants.
Mr. Chief Justice TANEY delivered the opinion of the court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Bank of Uniontown v. Mackey

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
140 U.S. 220
Bank of Uniontown v. Mackey
[Statement of Case from pages 220-224 intentionally omitted]
S. B. Vance, for plaintiff in error.
G. V. Menzies, for defendant in error.
Mr. Justice GRAY, after stating the facts as above, delivered the opinion of the court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse