OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Condor/Volume 1/Number 2/Albino Dwarf Hermit Thrush and Western Robin

​Albino Dwarf Hermit Thrush and Western Robin. Jan. 12, 1899 being a cold windy day drew many birds about the garden to feed, and while watching them from a window, one attracted my attention by its odd plumage, looking as though it had just arrived from the snowy regions. On shooting it I found it to be a partial albino Dwarf Hermit Thrush. Three outer tail feathers on one side are pure white while those of the other side are only tipped. The secondaries of the wing on one side were white-tipped, also several scattered white feathers on the rump and back. It proved to be a female and quite fat.
On Feb. 15, 1899 what was my great surprise upon shooting a Western Robin ​from a pepper tree to have drop at my feet one flecked all over with pure white feathers, particularly on the red breast, giving it a beautiful effect. The white feathers seemed to be much worn on the edges as though cut. This proved to be a female in good condition. Many of the birds of the high Sierras have been driven down nearer the coast than usual this winter. Mountain Bluebirds have been noticed for the first time in ten years. They spend their time hovering on the wing much like the Sparrow Hawks, over the early-sowed grain fields near the Bay shores. Their last appearance was Nov. 1, 1889. Observed this year on Feb. 11, 1899.W. Otto Emerson, Haywards, Cal., Feb. 20, 1899.
# The Condor/Volume 1/Number 2/Description of a New California Song Sparrow

Description of a New California Song Sparrow.
BY RICHARD C. MCGREGOR
EXAMINATION of a small series of Melospiza from Battle Creek shows that there exist in the northern Sacramento valley two races of the Song Sparrow. Four examples sent Mr. Robert Ridgway were thus commented upon by him: "Three of those from Battle Creek are typical M. f. heermanni, by far the most northern specimens I have seen of that form, and proving, I think, that this is the resident form of the Sacramento basin, as I had already suspected. It is this form which breeds at Stockton. The fourth Battle Creek specimen is probably best referred to M. f. guttata although it is really an intermediate between that form and M. f. montana or possibly heermanni, much nearer, however, to guttata."
Since taking this specimen above called "intermediate", I have secured three song sparrows of similar plumage at Battle Creek and on reaching home I find in my collection two sparrows of a dark plumage, one from Enterprise, Butte Co., and the other from St. Helena, Napa Co. These six skins are easily distinguished from either heermanni or guttata and form the types of an undescribed race to which I give the name:
Melospiza fasciata ingersolli, subsp. nov. Tehama Song Sparrow.
Subsp. char. Most closely related to guttata but darker and without rusty wash: spotting of lower parts tending more to streaks than to spots as in guttata; wing slightly longer. Entire upper parts, sides of head and flanks are darker and less grayish than in heermanni. Type. No. 2222, ♂ ad. Coll. R. C. McG., Battle Creek, California, Oct. 19, 1898. Wing, 2.82; tail, 2.74; tarsus, .88; exposed culmen, .44. Geog. Dist. Northern Sacramento valley, south in winter to San Francisco Bay.
Without a Nomenclature of Colors it is impossible for me to describe the absolute colors of the three forms; typical specimens of the new race are in no way to be confused with heermanni. From guttata it is distinguished by the much darker and browner dorsum, with centers of feathers almost black; crown stripe obsolete; entire plumage lacking the rusty or reddish brown which is characteristic of guttata.
Beside the Battle Creek skins four others seem worthy of mention.
No. 1564. Enterprise, Cal., Oct. 15, 1896. This bird is easily referable to ingersolli though not so dark on the back as are the types.
No. 1346. Saint Helena, Cal., Dec. 2, . This is intermediate between guttata and the new form.
No. 1345. Saint Helena, Cal., Dec. 22, . Very dark; markings of back almost obsolete; referable to ingersolli.
No. 1563. Sebastopol, Sonoma Co., Cal., Dee. 2, . This skin is typical guttata.
Specimens from Beaverton, Or., have been used as representing M. f. guttata.
I take pleasure in naming this race for my friend, Mr. Albert M. Ingersoll of San Diego, California.
# The Defense of the Castle

Because of the dramatic unity of this plot, the well-outlined characters, and the author's style—simple, straightforward, vigorous— this romance should attract the reading of young and old alike. The picture of thirteenth-century times in England has its own charm, and here and there in the description of the siege of a castle we find something of the atmosphere which distinguished Violletle-Duc's "Histoire d'une forteresse." As a romance of ancient warfare, "The Defense of the Castle" deserves a place on the shelf which already contains those historical romances and romances not so historical which have always appealed to a boy's fancy—and to a man's. —"Books of the Week" in the Outlook January 1904
THE DEFENSE OF THE CASTLE
"Above the moated entrance slung,
The balanced drawbridge trembling hung,
As jealous of a foe;
Wicket of oak, as iron hard,
With iron studded, clench'd and barr'd.
And prong'd portcullis, join'd to guard
The gloomy pass below."
—Scott.
Edgar and the Count in single combat
The Defense of the Castle
A Story of the Siege of an English Castle in the Thirteenth Century
BY
TUDOR JENKS
THE MERSHON COMPANY
RAHWAY, N. J. NEW YORK
Copyright, 1903, by
THE MERSHON COMPANY
Dedicated
TO MY WIFE
PREFATORY NOTE
The author of this little romance of ancient warfare desires to acknowledge his indebtedness to the works of the great French architect and engineer, Viollet-le-Duc, and especially to his "History of a Fortress," which is cordially recommended to all young readers who are interested in the story of battles and sieges, as carried on from the days of ancient Gaul to our own times. For it should be remembered in reading history that war has both its science and its art, and that great warriors have been adepts in both, and by both have preserved civilization against the external and internal enemies who would have destroyed it.
Tudor Jenks.
Contents
page. CHAPTER I
3
CHAPTER II
25
CHAPTER III
45
CHAPTER IV
65
CHAPTER V
85
CHAPTER VI
107
CHAPTER VII
127
CHAPTER VIII
147
CHAPTER IX
167
CHAPTER X
189
CHAPTER XI
209
CHAPTER XII
231
CHAPTER XIII
253
CHAPTER XIV
273
CHAPTER XV
293
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The Consolation of Philosophy (James)/References To Quotations In The Text

Project Gutenberg
REFERENCES TO QUOTATIONS IN THE TEXT.
Bk. I., ch. iv., p. 17, l. 6: 'Iliad,' I. 363.
ch. iv., p. 18, l. 7: Plato, 'Republic,' V. 473, D; Jowett, vol. iii., pp. 170, 171 (3rd edit.).
ch. iv., p. 22, l. 6: Plato, 'Republic,' I. 347, C; Jowett, III., p. 25.
ch. v., p. 30, l. 19: 'Iliad,' II., 204, 205.
Bk. II., ch. ii., p. 50, l. 21: 'Iliad.' XXIV. 527, 528.
ch. vii., p. 78, l. 25: Cicero, 'De Republicâ,' VI. 20, in the 'Somnium Scipionis.'
Bk. III., ch. iv., p. 106, l. 10: Catullus, LII., 2.
ch. vi., p. 114, l. 4: Euripides, 'Andromache,' 319, 320.
ch. ix., p. 129, l. 3: Plato, 'Timæus,' 27, C; Jowett, vol. iii., p. 448.
ch. xii., p. 157, l. 14: Quoted Plato, 'Sophistes,' 244, E; Jowett, vol. iv., p. 374.
ch. xii., p. 157, l. 22: Plato, 'Timæus,' 29, B; Jowett, vol. iii., p. 449.
Bk. IV., ch. vi., p. 206, l. 17: Lucan, 'Pharsalia,' I. 126.
ch. vi., p. 210, l. 23: 'Iliad,' XII. 176.
Bk. V., ch. i., p. 227, l. 16: Aristotle, 'Physics,' II. v. 5.
ch. iii., p. 238, l. 20: Horace, 'Satires,' II. v. 59.
ch. iv., p. 243, l. 3: Cicero, 'De Divinatione,' II. 7, 8.
ch. vi., p. 258, l. 8: Aristotle, 'De Cælo,' II. 1.
# The Consolation of Philosophy (James)/Pleasure's Sting

Project Gutenberg
Book III.
VII.
'Then, what shall I say of the pleasures of the body? The lust thereof is full of uneasiness; the sating, of repentance. What sicknesses, what intolerable pains, are they wont to bring on the bodies of those who enjoy them—the fruits of iniquity, as it were! Now, what sweetness the stimulus of pleasure may have I do not know. But that the issues of pleasure are painful everyone may understand who chooses to recall the memory of his own fleshly lusts. Nay, if these can make happiness, there is no reason why the beasts also should not be happy, since all their efforts are eagerly set upon satisfying the bodily wants. I know, indeed, that the sweetness of wife and children should be right comely, yet only too true to nature is what was said of one—that he found in his sons his tormentors. And how galling such a contingency would be, I must needs put thee in mind, since thou hast never in any wise suffered such experiences, nor art thou now under any uneasiness. In such a case, I agree with my servant Euripides, who said that a man without children was fortunate in his misfortune.'
Song VII.
Pleasure's Sting
This is the way of Pleasure:
She stings them that despoil her;
And, like the wingéd toiler
Who's lost her honeyed treasure,
She flies, but leaves her smart
Deep-rankling in the heart.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Paley translates the lines in Euripides' 'Andromache': 'They [the childless] are indeed spared from much pain and sorrow, but their supposed happiness is after all but wretchedness.' Euripides' meaning is therefore really just the reverse of that which Boethius makes it. See Euripides, 'Andromache,' Il. 418-420.
# The Consolation of Philosophy (James)/Preface

Project Gutenberg
PREFACE.
The book called 'The Consolation of Philosophy' was throughout the Middle Ages, and down to the beginnings of the modern epoch in the sixteenth century, the scholar's familiar companion. Few books have exercised a wider influence in their time. It has been translated into every European tongue, and into English nearly a dozen times, from King Alfred's paraphrase to the translations of Lord Preston, Causton, Ridpath, and Duncan, in the eighteenth century. The belief that what once pleased so widely must still have some charm is my excuse for attempting the present translation. The great work of Boethius, with its alternate prose and verse, skilfully fitted together like dialogue and chorus in a Greek play, is unique in literature, and has a pathetic interest from the time and circumstances of its composition. It ought not to be forgotten. Those who can go to the original will find their reward. There may be room also for a new translation in English after an interval of close on a hundred years.
Some of the editions contain a reproduction of a bust purporting to represent Boethius. Lord Preston's translation, for example, has such a portrait, which it refers to an original in marble at Rome. This I have been unable to trace, and suspect that it is apocryphal. The Hope Collection at Oxford contains a completely different portrait in a print, which gives no authority. I have ventured to use as a frontispiece a reproduction from a plaster-cast in the Ashmolean Museum, taken from an ivory diptych preserved in the Bibliotheca Quiriniana at Brescia, which represents Narius Manlius Boethius, the father of the philosopher. Portraiture of this period is so rare that it seemed that, failing a likeness of the author himself, this authentic representation of his father might have interest, as giving the consular dress and insignia of the time, and also as illustrating the decadence of contemporary art. The consul wears a richly-embroidered cloak; his right hand holds a staff surmounted by the Roman eagle, his left the mappa circensis, or napkin used for starting the races in the circus; at his feet are palms and bags of money—prizes for the victors in the games. For permission to use this cast my thanks are due to the authorities of the Ashmolean Museum, as also to Mr. T.W. Jackson, Curator of the Hope Collection, who first called my attention to its existence.
I have to thank my brother, Mr. L. James, of Radley College, for much valuable help and for correcting the proof-sheets of the translation. The text used is that of Peiper, Leipsic, 1874.
# The Consolation of Philosophy (James)/Proem

Project Gutenberg
PROEM.
Anicus Manlius Severinus Boethius lived in the last quarter of the fifth century A.D., and the first quarter of the sixth. He was growing to manhood, when Theodoric, the famous Ostrogoth, crossed the Alps and made himself master of Italy. Boethius belonged to an ancient family, which boasted a connection with the legendary glories of the Republic, and was still among the foremost in wealth and dignity in the days of Rome's abasement. His parents dying early, he was brought up by Symmachus, whom the age agreed to regard as of almost saintly character, and afterwards became his son-in-law. His varied gifts, aided by an excellent education, won for him the reputation of the most accomplished man of his time. He was orator, poet, musician, philosopher. It is his peculiar distinction to have handed on to the Middle Ages the tradition of Greek philosophy by his Latin translations of the works of Aristotle. Called early to a public career, the highest honours of the State came to him unsought. He was sole Consul in 510 A.D., and was ultimately raised by Theodoric to the dignity of Magister Officiorum, or head of the whole civil administration. He was no less happy in his domestic life, in the virtues of his wife, Rusticiana, and the fair promise of his two sons, Symmachus and Boethius; happy also in the society of a refined circle of friends. Noble, wealthy, accomplished, universally esteemed for his virtues, high in the favour of the Gothic King, he appeared to all men a signal example of the union of merit and good fortune. His felicity seemed to culminate in the year 522 A.D., when, by special and extraordinary favour, his two sons, young as they were for so exalted an honour, were created joint Consuls and rode to the senate-house attended by a throng of senators, and the acclamations of the multitude. Boethius himself, amid the general applause, delivered the public speech in the King's honour usual on such occasions. Within a year he was a solitary prisoner at Pavia, stripped of honours, wealth, and friends, with death hanging over him, and a terror worse than death, in the fear lest those dearest to him should be involved in the worst results of his downfall. It is in this situation that the opening of the 'Consolation of Philosophy' brings Boethius before us. He represents himself as seated in his prison distraught with grief, indignant at the injustice of his misfortunes, and seeking relief for his melancholy in writing verses descriptive of his condition. Suddenly there appears to him the Divine figure of Philosophy, in the guise of a woman of superhuman dignity and beauty, who by a succession of discourses convinces him of the vanity of regret for the lost gifts of fortune, raises his mind once more to the contemplation of the true good, and makes clear to him the mystery of the world's moral government.
# The Consolation of Philosophy (James)/Self-mastery

Project Gutenberg
Book III.
V.
'Well, then, does sovereignty and the intimacy of kings prove able to confer power? Why, surely does not the happiness of kings endure for ever? And yet antiquity is full of examples, and these days also, of kings whose happiness has turned into calamity. How glorious a power, which is not even found effectual for its own preservation! But if happiness has its source in sovereign power, is not happiness diminished, and misery inflicted in its stead, in so far as that power falls short of completeness? Yet, however widely human sovereignty be extended, there must still be more peoples left, over whom each several king holds no sway. Now, at whatever point the power on which happiness depends ceases, here powerlessness steals in and makes wretchedness; so, by this way of reckoning, there must needs be a balance of wretchedness in the lot of the king. The tyrant who had made trial of the perils of his condition figured the fears that haunt a throne under the image of a sword hanging over a man's head. What sort of power, then, is this which cannot drive away the gnawings of anxiety, or shun the stings of terror? Fain would they themselves have lived secure, but they cannot; then they boast about their power! Dost thou count him to possess power whom thou seest to wish what he cannot bring to pass? Dost thou count him to possess power who encompasses himself with a body-guard, who fears those he terrifies more than they fear him, who, to keep up the semblance of power, is himself at the mercy of his slaves? Need I say anything of the friends of kings, when I show royal dominion itself so utterly and miserably weak—why ofttimes the royal power in its plenitude brings them low, ofttimes involves them in its fall? Nero drove his friend and preceptor, Seneca, to the choice of the manner of his death. Antoninus exposed Papinianus, who was long powerful at court, to the swords of the soldiery. Yet each of these was willing to renounce his power. Seneca tried to surrender his wealth also to Nero, and go into retirement; but neither achieved his purpose. When they tottered, their very greatness dragged them down. What manner of thing, then, is this power which keeps men in fear while they possess it—which when thou art fain to keep, thou art not safe, and when thou desirest to lay it aside thou canst not rid thyself of? Are friends any protection who have been attached by fortune, not by virtue? Nay; him whom good fortune has made a friend, ill fortune will make an enemy. And what plague is more effectual to do hurt than a foe of one's own household?'
Song V.
Self-mastery.
Who on power sets his aim,
First must his own spirit tame;
He must shun his neck to thrust
'Neath th' unholy yoke of lust.
For, though India's far-off land
Bow before his wide command,
Utmost Thule homage pay—
If he cannot drive away
Haunting care and black distress,
In his power, he's powerless.

## Footnotes

* ↑ The sword of Damocles.
# The Cyclopædia of American Biography/Main, Charles Thomas

MAIN, Charles Thomas, engineer, b. in Marblehead, Mass., 16 Feb., 1856, son of Thomas and Cordelia (Reed) Main. His father's professional activities as a machinist and engineer may be held to account in part for his early displayed fondness for scientific subjects and general work in mathematics. He obtained his preliminary education in the schools of Marblehead, and later entered the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Mass., where he was graduated B.S. in 1876. Following his graduation he spent three years (1876-79) as assistant in the laboratories of the institute, thereby perfecting himself in the practical work of his profession. In October, 1879, at the age of twenty-one, in order to still further improve both his technical and practical knowledge, he became a draftsman in the extensive plant of the Manchester Mills, at Manchester, N. H., remaining there until 1 June, 1881, when he began work as engineer in the Lower Pacific Mills at Lawrence, Mass. In this capacity he served until 1885, when his abilities won him promotion to the position of assistant superintendent of the mills. In 1886 he was made superintendent, and so continued until 1 Jan., 1892, when he resigned, to enter upon general engineering practice. Since that time Mr. Main has been
identified as engineer and designer with some of the most important industrial construction work in the East, and has designed and constructed many industrial plants the cost of which has mounted far into the millions of dollars. Notwithstanding his many professional activities he has always been interested in the problems of municipal and local government, and has held numerous public offices and appointments. During his residence in Lawrence, Mass., he served as a member of the board of aldermen; was a member of the school board of Lawrence in 1890, and a trustee of the Public Library Association in 1891. He has for some years maintained his residence in Winchester, Mass., and from 1895 to 1906 served as a member of its water and sewer board. He is the author of several papers on steam power, water power, ventilation of industrial properties, mill construction, etc., and is the originator of numerous devices and inventions, notably of a receiver pressure register for compound engines, which he perfected in 1884. Mr. Main is a member of the American Society of Civil Engineers and the American Society of Mechanical Engineers of which he is the manager; past president of the Boston Society of Civil Engineers; member of the National Association of Cotton Manufacturers, New England Water Works Association, Corporation of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Society of Arts, of Boston; also of the Exchange, Engineers', and Technology Clubs of Boston; Engineers' Club of New York and Calumet Club of Winchester. He married 14 Nov., 1883, Elizabeth F. Appleton, of Somerville, Mass. They have three children: Charles Reed, Alice Appleton, and Theodore Main.
# The Cyclopædia of American Biography/Lowell, Abbott Lawrence

LOWELL, Abbott Lawrence, educator, b. in Boston, Mass., 13 Dec, 1856, son of Augustus
and Katherine Bigelow (Lawrence) Lowell, and a descendant of Percival Lowell, who came from Worcestershire, England, and settled at Newbury, Mass., in 1639. Among his ancestors were Francis Cabot Lowell, one of the pioneers in the Massachusetts cotton industry; John Lowell, Jr., the founder of Lowell Institute; John Amory Lowell, its first trustee, and James Russell Lowell, the poet. His maternal grandfather was Abbott Lawrence, a U. S. minister to England. Dr. Lowell was educated at the public school and at Harvard College, where he was graduated in 1877. He studied law at the Harvard Law School and in the office of Russell and Putnam, being admitted to the bar in 1880. He formed a partnership with Francis Cabot Lowell, a relative, and after eleven years' successful practice the firm added to its membership Frederick Jesup Stimson. In 1897 Mr. Lowell retired from practice and was appointed lecturer at Harvard. He was made professor of the science of government in 1899. Ten years later, upon the retirement of President Eliot, he was elected to succeed him as president of the university. He entered upon his duties, 6 Oct., 1909. His forceful personality soon gained for him great influence among the students and his elementary course in government was regarded as the most popular in the college. One of his important acts was the limitation of the system of “electives” — providing for a certain amount of obligatory work in a definite direction and an apportionment of other studies with the advice of the faculty, this being in line with his idea of a liberal education. President Lowell's writings have been along the line of history and science of government, in which field he is internationally recognized as an authority. He published, in conjunction with Francis Cabot Lowell, “Transfer of Stock in Corporations” (1884); and alone “Essays in Government” (1889); “Governments and Parties in Continental Europe” (1896); “The Influence of Party Upon Legislation in England and America” (1902); “The Government of England” (1908), and “Public Opinion and Popular Government” (1913). “Colonial Civil Service” (1902) was written in collaboration with Prof. H. Morse Stevens. President Lowell has been a member of the Boston School Committee, and the executive committee of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He belongs to the Massachusetts Historical Society, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and is a trustee of the Lowell Institute, since 1900 having full charge of the funds and management of that institution. He married, in 1879, Anna Parker, daughter of George G. Lowell, of Boston, Mass.