OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Bindon, Hon. Samuel Henry

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​Bindon, Hon. Samuel Henry, was born in Ireland in 1812, and educated at Trinity College, Dublin, where he graduated in 1835. He was called to the Irish bar, and after practising for some years in Dublin, went out to Victoria in 1855; in May of which year he was admitted to the bar of that colony. He sat in the Legislative Assembly from 1864 to 1869, and was Minister of Justice in the Sir James MᶜCulloch Government from July 1866 to May 1868. In 1869 he was appointed a County Court Judge, and held that position, with the exception of a short interval in 1878, when he was one of the victims of the Black Wednesday dismissals, till his death on August 1st, 1879.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Bird, Hon. Bolton Stafford

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​Bird, Hon. Bolton Stafford, Colonial Treasurer of Tasmania, was born near Newcastle-on-Tyne in 1840. He has been in the Australasian colonies since 1853, and in Tasmania since 1879. About twelve years of his life were spent as a minister of the Congregational Church. Soon after his arrival in Tasmania he resigned the charge of the Davey Street Congregational Church, Hobart, of which he was the minister, and betook himself to fruit-growing in the Huon district. He has taken an active part in the recent establishment of the fruit export trade to England. He has represented the Franklin district in the House of Assembly since 1882. In March 1887 he joined the Fysh Ministry as Colonial Treasurer. He was a member of the Commissions on Education and on Lunatic Asylums in 1883, and is a member of the Council of the University of Tasmania. Mr. Bird was one of the representatives of the colony at the third and fourth sessions of the Federal Council of Australasia, and at the Federation Conference at Melbourne in 1890, and the Sydney Federation Convention in 1891.
In appended Supplement, p. 529
​Bird, Hon. Bolton Stafford (p. 41). In August 1892 Mr. Bird resigned the position of Treasurer of Tasmania, and retired with his colleagues, owing to the defeat of his financial proposals in the House of Assembly.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Bickerton, Alexander William

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​Bickerton, Alexander William, F.C.S., was born at Alton, Hants, in 1842, and educated at the Grammar School of the town. After a preliminary engineering course, he gained an exhibition at the Royal School of Mines, London, where he distinguished himself in physical science, gaining a Senior Queen's Scholarship. After leaving the School of Mines, he joined the staff of the Hartley Institution, Southampton, and was subsequently appointed Lecturer on Science at Winchester College, and was Public Analyst in Hampshire. In 1873 Mr. Bickerton accepted the post of Professor of Chemistry and Physics at Canterbury College, N.Z. He has held this position ever since, has written many papers on scientific subjects, and is the author of an astronomical theory which he terms "Partial Impact."
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Birnie, Richard

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​Birnie, Richard, second son of the late Sir Richard Birnie, Chief Metropolitan Police Magistrate at Bow Street, was born in London in 1808. He was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he graduated B.A. in 1830, and M.A. in 1837. He entered at the Inner Temple on Jan. 9th, 1828, and was called to the bar on May 7th, 1833. After practising in the Central Criminal Court Mr. Birnie was appointed by the Duke of Newcastle Advocate-General of Western Australia, in which colony he arrived in Jan. 1854. After holding this post for nearly six years he acted as judge for about a year. Arriving in 1859 in Melbourne, he was called to the Victorian bar on Oct. 13th in the same year. He was on several occasions employed as crown prosecutor in Victoria, but has been mainly known as a contributor of essays to the Australasian. His father, Sir Richard Birnie, was originally a saddler, but is chiefly known by his success in detecting and hunting down the "Cato Street" conspirators.
In appended Supplement, p. 529
​Birnie, Richard (p. 41). He died in Melbourne on Sept. 16th, 1888.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Best, Robert Wallace

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​Best, Robert Wallace, M.L.A., was born in Fitzroy, Melbourne, in 1856, and practises as a solicitor in Melbourne. He stood for Fitzroy at the General Election of March 1890, and was returned at the head of the poll, displacing Mr. R. D. Reid. He was again elected in April 1892, and was formerly Mayor of Fitzroy. He married a daughter of the late Hon. G. D. Langridge. In April 1892, when the Shiels' Ministry was reconstructed, after the General Election had resulted in their favour, he was offered a seat in the Cabinet without portfolio.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Bews, Hon. David

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​Bews, Hon. David, M.P., sometime Minister of Education for South Australia, was born near Kirkwall, in the Orkney Islands, in 1850, and went to South Australia with his parents the following year. In 1853, during the gold rush in Victoria, his family removed to that colony, but only to return one year later. Mr. Bews' father then engaged in farming operations near Port Elliot, and afterwards near Adelaide. Mr. Bews continued as a farmer till he attained his majority, when he secured a position as clerk with the Kadina & Wallaroo Railway Company. He subsequently became goods manager; but seven years later (in 1879), when the Government took over the line, he left the service, and entered the ranks of journalism by taking charge of the Wallaroo Times. He was three times mayor of the Wallaroo Corporation, besides which he was a member of the late Yorke's Peninsula Local Road Board, and the School Board of Advice. In 1885 Mr. Bews first entered the House of Assembly as member for Wallaroo, and was re-elected on March 19th, 1887, and at the General Election in 1890. In August of that year he accepted the office of Minister of Education in Mr. Playford's Government. Mr. Bews, who had been appointed one of the South Australian delegates at the Postal Convention, died in Melbourne whilst en route to Sydney on Feb. 24th, 1891.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Black, Hon. Neil

Usual spelling is "Niel".
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​Black, Hon. Neil, M.L.C., J.P., was the son of Alexander Black, and was born at Cowal, Argyleshire, in 1804. He emigrated to Australia in 1839, and went to the Camperdown district, where, as the representative partner of Mr. Finlay, of Castle Toward, Argyleshire, Mr. Stuart Gladstone, of Capenock, and Mr. Stewart, of Glenormiston, Perthshire, Scotland, he purchased the Glenormiston property. The partnership, which was highly remunerative after 1846, continued until 1868, when the property was divided. Mr. Black bought Mr. Gladstone's portion, now known as Mount Noorat, and resided on it until his death May 15th, 1880. Mr. Black, who married Miss Grace Greenshiels Leadbetter, for many years represented the Western Province in the Legislative Council, and was also a magistrate for the southern bailiwick. As a politician he was a staunch Conservative, and opposed the introduction of free education.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Belmore, Right Hon. Somerset Richard Lowry Corry, 4th Earl of

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​Belmore, Right Hon. Somerset Richard Lowry Corry, 4th Earl of, P.C., G.C.M.G., M.A., is the son of the third earl by his marriage with Emily Louise, youngest daughter of William Sheppard, of Bradbourne, Kent. His lordship, who is an Irish Representative Peer, is also Viscount Belmore and Baron Belmore, of Castle Coole, co. Fermanagh, in the peerage of Ireland. He was born in London on April 9th, 1835, and succeeded to the title on the death of his father in 1845. He graduated M.A. at Cambridge University in 1856, and was elected one of the representative peers for Ireland in January of the next year. Having held the post of Under Secretary for the Home Department in the Disraeli Government from July 1866 to July 1867, he was created, in January of the following year, Governor and Commander-in-Chief of New South Wales, a post which he retained till Feb. 1872, when he resigned and returned to England, being created K.C.M.G. in that year and G.C.M.G. in 1890. During his term of office the Duke of Edinburgh visited the colony, and the attack on his life by O'Farrell took place at Clontarf. Lord Belmore, whose eldest son and heir, Armar, Viscount Corry, was born at Government House, Sydney, in 1870, is a first cousin of Lord Rowton, better know as Montagu Corry, the well-known secretary to the late Earl of Beaconsfield and his literary executor. His lordship married, on August 22nd, 1861, Anne Elizabeth Honoria, second daughter of the late Captain John Neilson Gladstone, R.N. (elder brother of the Right Hon. W. E. Gladstone), by his marriage with Elizabeth Honoria, daughter of Sir Robert Bateson, Bart.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Bennett, David

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​Bennett, David, was born in Dundee in 1830, and apprenticed to Messrs. Kimmond, Hutton & Steel, mechanical engineers in that city. He decided to emigrate, and landed in Melbourne early in 1856. Mr. Bennett entered Langland's Foundry, where he remained many years. He took an important part in support of the Eight Hours Movement, initiated by his fellow-countryman, James Galloway, in Melbourne (1855), and in promoting the Association of Engineers (1858), of which for twenty years he acted as secretary. Mr. Bennett was also one of the founders of the Trades Hall; and for many years acted as honorary secretary to the Trades Hall Council. To this body he was appointed paid secretary in 1888.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Begg, Ferdinand Faithfull

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​Begg, Ferdinand Faithfull, F.R.G.S., is the son of Dr. James Begg, of the Free Church of Scotland, and was born in Edinburgh in 1847. He emigrated to New Zealand, where he entered the service of the Union Bank of Australia and remained for a number of years. Returning to Scotland, Mr. Begg started as a stock-broker in Edinburgh, and became chairman of the Stock Exchange in that city. Subsequently he joined the London Stock Exchange, and is head of the firm of Faithfull Begg & Co. He married in 1873 Miss Jessie M. Cargill, of Dunedin, N.Z. In July 1892 he unsuccessfully contested Kennington for a seat in the House of Commons in the Conservative interest. Mr. Begg has been one of the foremost advocates of imperial federation.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Benjamin, Hon. Sir Benjamin

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​Benjamin, Hon. Sir Benjamin, Kt., M.L.C., J. P., eldest son of the late Moses Benjamin, J.P., was born in London in 1834, and arrived in Victoria in 1843. He was elected to the Melbourne City Council in 1870, became alderman in 1881, and was mayor from 1887 to 1889. In the year 1888 he was a commissioner for the Melbourne Centennial Exhibition, and was knighted in 1889 in recognition of his services and hospitalities during the Exhibition year. He is President of the Melbourne Hebrew Congregation, a trustee of the Jewish Philanthropic Society and the Ladies' Hebrew Benevolent Society, and is the representative of the Melbourne province in the Legislative Council. He is a director of the Colonial Bank of Australasia, and of the Union Trustees' Executors and Agency Company, and is a justice of the peace for Victoria and New South Wales. In 1857 Sir Benjamin Benjamin married Fanny, daughter of Abraham Cohen, of Sydney.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Bell, Hon. Sir Joshua Peter

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​Bell, Hon. Sir Joshua Peter, K.C.M.G., M.L.C., sometime President of the Legislative Council, Queensland, was born in the county of Kildare in Ireland in 1826. The family having emigrated to New South Wales in 1830, he was educated at Sydney College and at the King's School, Parramatta. In 1847 he, with his father and brothers, acquired a large property known as Jimbour, near Dalby, in the present colony of Queensland. Sir Joshua first entered the Queensland Assembly in 1863, and continued to hold a seat till he was nominated to the Legislative Council, of which he became President in March 1879. Sir Joshua was Colonial Treasurer in the first ministry formed (under Sir Robert Herbert) after the separation of Queensland from New South Wales, succeeding the late Mr. Moffatt. This post he continued to hold till July 1866, for the last six months of the time under the Premiership of the late Mr. Macalister, in whose second ministry he was Secretary for Public Lands from August 1866 to August 1867. Sir Joshua was again Treasurer in the Palmer Ministry from March 1871 till he resigned with his colleagues in Jan. 1874. He married in 1862 Margaret Miller, daughter of William McTaggart D'Orsey, M.D., who survived him. Sir Joshua, who administered the government of Queensland during the absence on leave of Sir Arthur Kennedy from March to Nov. 1880, died in December of the following year, when he was succeeded in the Presidency of the Legislative Council by Sir Arthur Palmer. He had just previously been created K.C.M.G.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Belstead, Charles Torrens

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​Belstead, Charles Torrens, son of Henry Belstead, captain in the 85th King's Own Light Infantry, was appointed in Jan. 1848 to the Imperial Penal Establishment, Norfolk Island, and served there until transferred to Tasmania in 1855, where he became Chief Clerk in the Penal Establishment at Hobart in 1856; clerk in the Comptroller-General's office in 1858; acting Comptroller-General in Sept. 1868; Governor's Secretary for Penal Establishments in May 1869, and Agent for Imperial Expenditure and Paymaster of Imperial Pensioners in June 1872. He is a member of the Council of the Royal Society of Tasmania, and a manager of the Hobart Savings Bank. Mr. Belstead was appointed a member of the Royal Commission to inquire into the Fisheries of the Colony in May 1882.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Belstead, Francis

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​Belstead, Francis, J.P. (brother of the preceding), was appointed Assistant Superintendent in the Convict Department, Norfolk Island, in August 1850; Clerk of Petty Sessions at Westbury, Tasmania, in May 1858; Clerk of the Municipal Council in Dec. 1863; Commissioner of Mines and Goldfields, and Magistrate and Coroner at Launceston in Feb. 1883; and Secretary and Chief Commissioner of Mines and Goldfields for Tasmania in Feb. 1886.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Belcher, Rev. Robert Henry

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​Belcher, Rev. Robert Henry, M.A., entered the London University in 1864, and graduated B.A. in honours 1867, M.A. 1868, becoming Fellow of King's College in 1885. He was ordained priest in 1871 by the Bishop of London. After serving in various curacies he was assistant master in King's College School, 1871-4; classical master and chaplain, 1874-86. In 1886 he was appointed rector of the Otago High School, in Dunedin, N.Z., which position he now holds. He is the author of "Degrees and 'Degrees'" (Hardwicke), an exposure of traffic in academical titles (republished with additions in 1888); of "Latin Prose Compositions," Part I., 1874. Part II., 1879; "Keys to both" (Macmillan, 1883); of "The Bonny Kate": a Story of the Sixteenth Century (Hayes, 1876): editor of "Livy, Book II., with Notes" (Rivington,1882): "Manuel des Examens" (Hachette, 1884): and is the author of "A New Latin Grammar," in two parts (Hachette, 1891). He is the Commissary and Examining Chaplain for the diocese of Dunedin, and was President of the Otago Institute in 1890.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Bell, Hon. James

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​Bell, Hon. James, M.L.C., emigrated to Victoria in 1857, commenced business at Dunolly, and was one of the first representatives of the district, in the Legislative Council, when in 1881 the Reform Act included it in the North-West Province. In 1886 he opened a business in ​Melbourne. He accepted office without portfolio in the Gillies-Deakin Government on April 20th, 1886, and acted as Minister of Defence during Sir James Lorimer's absence in England, in 1887. He also assisted Mr. Dow in discharging the duties of Minister of Water Supply during Mr. Deakin's attendance at the Colonial Conference in London in that year. On the death of Sir James Lorimer, in Sept. 1889, he was appointed Minister of Defence, and retired with his colleagues in Nov. 1890.
# The Crisis in the German Social-Democracy

Although it lists Karl Liebknecht and Franz Mehring as coauthors, later editions credited it to just Rosa Luxemburg alone as "Junius"
THE CRISIS IN THE GERMAN SOCIAL-DEMOCRACY
(The "Junius" Pamphlet)
BY
KARL LIEBKNECHT ROSA LUXEMBURG FRANZ MEHRING
Price . . . . . . . . 35 Cents
NEW YORK THE SOCIALIST PUBLICATION SOCIETY 431 PULASKI ST., BROOKLYN, N. Y. 1918
The Crisis in the German German Social-Democracy
This pamphlet, which was written by Karl Liebknecht, Rosa Luxemburg, and Franz Mehring in January and February, 1915, was printed in Switzerland for secret distribution in Germany, as a protest against the treacherous action of the Social-Democracy of Germany in supporting the war policy of the German Government. This pamphlet has already appeared in this country in the original language, and an English translation in herewith offered to the public.
CONTENTS
This work is a translation and has a separate copyright status to the applicable copyright protections of the original content.
# The Crisis in the German Social-Democracy/Advertisment

The Class Struggle
EDITED BY LOUIS C. FRAINA and LUDWIG LORE
A Bi-moathly Magazine devoted to International Socialism
6 issues of over 100 pages every year
Price: 25 cents a copy; $1.50 a year
This publication does not exploit the ephemeral, but gives serious studies of the international movement from the pens of comrades in all parts of the world. Among the recent contributors are: Lenin, Trotzky, Lunacharsky, Franz Mehring, Liebknecht, Rosa Luxemburg, Friedrich Adler, Santeri, Nuorteva.
J'Accuse
By FRITZ ADLER
Adler's great speech at his tria; for the assassination of Premier Stuerghk
Price, 15 cents, postpaid
Political Parties in Russia
By N. LENIN
Price, 5 cents, postpaid
Special Prices to Agents or Socialist Locals
The Socialist Publication Society
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Parry, Right Rev. Edward

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​Parry, Right Rev. Edward, D.D., was the son of Rear-Admiral Sir William Edward Parry, K.C.B., the well-known Arctic explorer, and the Hon. Isabella Louisa, his wife, fourth daughter of the first Lord Stanley of Alderley. He was born in 1830 at Government House, Sydney, N.S.W., where his father had taken up his residence in the previous year, as commissioner for the Australian Agricultural Company. He went to England with his father in 1834, and was educated at Rugby and at Balliol College, Oxford, where he graduated first class in classics in 1852. He was ordained deacon in 1854 and priest in 1855, and after holding minor preferments, was appointed Bishop Suffragan of Dover for the diocese of Canterbury, in March 1870. He wrote a memoir of his father, and "Memorials" of his brother, Commander Charles Parry, R.N. In 1882 he was chosen by the Australian bishops to succeed the late Bishop Barker as Bishop of Sydney and Metropolitan of Australia, but he declined the nomination. Bishop Parry, who married, in 1859, Matilda, eldest daughter of Benjamin Williams, of Limpsfield, Surrey, died at Dover on April 11th, 1890.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Parry, Right Rev. Henry Hutton

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​Parry, Right Rev. Henry Hutton, D.D., Bishop of Perth, W.A., is the son of the Right Rev. Thomas Parry, D.D., Bishop of Antigua, and was educated at Balliol College, Oxford, where he graduated B. A. in 1851 and M.A. in 1858. He was made D.D. of Durham in 1876. Dr. Parry was ordained deacon in 1851 and priest in 1852. He was curate of Holy Trinity, Trinidad, 1851-3; curate of All Saints, Trinidad, 1853-5; tutor of Codrington College, 1855-60; Archdeacon of Barbadoes, 1861-8, and was consecrated Bishop Coadjutor of Barbadoes on May 15th, 1868. He was translated to Perth in 1876, where he arrived on May 20th, 1877. Bishop Parry has been twice married, his second wife being a daughter of the Hon. George Walpole Leake, M.L.C.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Pater, Thomas Kennedy

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​Pater, Thomas Kennedy, S.M., eldest son of John Pater, of London, solicitor, was born in 1838. He entered at Lincoln's Inn in Sept. 1856, and was called to the Bar in June 1859. Having emigrated to Victoria, he practised his profession there, but left that colony and entered the public service of South Australia in March 1884, being appointed a special magistrate and Judge of the Northern Territory in October of that year. In 1890 he was appointed special magistrate at Port Adelaide.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Paterson, Hon. William

correct spelling is "Pattison"
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​Paterson, Hon. William, M.L.A., was born on May 10th, 1830, at Hobart, but emigrated to Victoria, and was a councillor of the city of Melbourne prior to August 1864, when he went to Queensland, and commenced business at Rockhampton, where he acquired a large interest in the Mount Morgan Gold Mining Company. Mr. Patterson, who has been Mayor of Rockhampton, succeeded Mr. Archer in the representation of Blackall in 1886, was elected for Rockhampton in 1888, and was a minister without portfolio in the McIlwraith Ministry from June to Nov. 1888. On the reconstitution of the Ministry he was Colonial Treasurer under Mr. Morehead from Nov. 1888 to Nov. 1889, when he resigned the Treasurership. He was minister without portfolio till the retirement of the Morehead Government in August 1890.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Parnell, Samuel Duncan

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​Parnell, Samuel Duncan, generally regarded as the originator of the Eight Hours Movement in New Zealand, and probably in Australasia, was a native of England, and was born in Feb. 1810. So far back as 1884, while working at his trade in London, he was impressed with the idea of agitating for shortening the hours of labour, and when he landed at the infant settlement of Port Nicholson, New Zealand, early in 1840, his first employment, that of constructing a wooden house, was begun under the stipulation that eight hours should be a day's work for himself and his fellow-workmen. Within a few years an attempt was made to increase the length of the working day; but the men interested, navvies working on the Hutt ​road from Wellington, struck work until the original eight-hours' plan was reverted to. From that date to the present time eight hours has been the recognised day's labour for Wellington tradesmen. Mr. Parnell died on Dec. 17th, 1890, and his funeral was attended by the members of the Ministry as well as by a procession of the Trades.