OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bridferth

​BRIDFERTH. [See Byrhtferth.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bricie

​BRICIE, BRICIUS, or BRIXIUS (d. 1222), bishop of Moray, was a cadet of the noble house of Douglas, his mother being sister to Friskinus de Kerdal of Kerdal on the river Spey. He was the second prior of Lesmahagow, and in 1203 was elevated to the bishopric of Moray. His application to Pope Innocent III caused the cathedral of the see to be fixed at Spynie. He also founded the College of Canons. He is said to have attended a council at Rome in 1215. He died in 1222 and was buried at Spynie. According to Dempster he was the author of 'Super Sententias' and of 'Homiliæ.'
[Dempster's Hist. Eccles. Gent. Scot. ii. 183; Chronica de Mailros (Bannatyne Club), 1835; Registrum Episcopatus Moraviensis (Bannatyne Club), 1837; Keith's Scottish Bishops.]
T. F. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bridge, Richard

​BRIDGE or BRIDGES, RICHARD (fl. 1750), was one of the best organ-builders of the eighteenth century, but details as to his biography are very deficient. His first recorded organ is that of St. Bartholomew the Great, which was built in 1729. In the following year he built his best organ, that of Christchurch, Spitalfields, which cost the very small sum of 600l. In the same year he built the organ at St. Paul's, Deptford, in 1733 that of St. George's-in-the-East, in 1741 that of St. Anne's, Limehouse, in 1753 that of Enfield parish church, and in 1757 that of St. Leonard's, Shoreditch. Bridge also built an organ for Eltham parish church, and, together with Jordan and Byfield, the organ at St. Dionis Backchurch (between 1714 and 1732), the celebrated instrument at Yarmouth parish church, and an organ at St. George's Chapel in the same town. In 1748 (according to the Morning Advertiser of 20 Feb.) he was living in Hand Court, Holborn, but the date and place of his death, which took place prior to 1776, are unknown.
W. B. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bricmore, H.

The ODNB casts doubt on the death date.
​BRICMORE, BRICHEMORE, or BRYGEMOORE, H—— (14th cent.), surnamed Sophista, an obscure scholastic of the fourteenth century, is stated to have lived at Oxford, and to have written commentaries on some of the works of Aristotle (Leland, Commentarii de Scriptoribus Britannicis, cap. ccclvi. p. 340). He is probably the same person with Brichemon, of whom Leland rives a very similar description (cap. dxiii. p. 429); at least the identification has been handed down from Bale, x. 89, and Pits, append. 41, p. 828, to Tanner (Bibl Brit. p. 124). That Bricmore had a certain celebrity in his day is shown by the fact that some 'Notulæ secundum H. Brygemoore' appear in a manuscript of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, ccxxx. f. 33 (Coxe, Catal. ii. 93 6) in connection with extracts from Walter Burley and others of the great schoolmen. The only account of his life is contained in Dempster (Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Scotorum, ii. 178, p. 100, Bologna 1627), who states that Bricmore was one of a number of Scots sent to the university of Oxford by decree of the council of Vienne, and that he was a canon of Holy Rood, Edinburgh. Dempster adds that he died in England in 1382, but gives as his authority for this the continuator of John of Fordun, which appears, however, to be a false reference, and the date is scarcely compatible with the mention of the council which was held seventy years earlier.
[Authorities quoted in text.]
R. L. P.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bridge, Bewick

1904 Errata appended.
​BRIDGE, BEWICK (1767–1833), mathematician, was a native of Linton in Cambridgeshire, and received his education at St. Peter's College, Cambridge, of which society he became a fellow. He graduated B.A. as senior wrangler in 1790, M.A. in 1793, B.D. in 1811. After holding for some years the professorship of mathematics in the East India Company's College at Haileybury, near Hertford, he was, in 1816, presented by St. Peter's College to the vicarage of Cherryhinton, near Cambridge, where he died on 15 May 1833, aged 66.
Bridge, who was a fellow of the Royal ​Society, published:
* 'Lectures on the Elements of Algebra,' London, 1810, 8vo.
* 'Six Lectures on the Elements of Plane Trigonometry,' London, 1810, 8vo. These were included in a collection of his 'Mathematical Lectures,' 2 vols. Broxbourne, 1810-11.
* 'A Treatise on Mechanics: intended as an Introduction to the Study of Natural Philosophy,' 2 vols. London, 1813-14.
* 'An Elementary Treatise on Algebra,' 3rd edit. London, 1815, 8vo, 12th edit. 1847.
* 'A compendious Treatise on the Elements of Plane Trigonometry; with the method of constructing Trigonometrical Tables,' 2nd edit. London, 1818, 8vo, 4th edit. 1832.
* 'A compendious Treatise on the Theory and Solution of Cubic and Biquadratic Equations, and of Equations of the higher orders,' London, 1821, 8vo.
* 'A brief Narrative of a Visit to the Valleys of Piedmont, inhabited by the Vaudois, the descendants of the Waldenses; together with some observations upon the fund now raising in this country for their relief,' London, 1825, 8vo.
[Gent. Mag. ciii. (ii.) 88; Cat. of Printed Books in Brit. Mus.; Biog. Dict. of Living Authors (1816), 38.]
T. C.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.36 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 314 | ii | 8 f.e. | Bridge, Bewick: after 1811 insert He was proctor in 1800 |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Henfrey, Henry William

​HENFREY, HENRY WILLIAM (1852–1881), numismatist, born in London on 5 July 1852, was eldest son of Arthur Henfrey the botanist [q. v.], and was educated at Brighton College, but was prevented by an accident from proceeding to Oxford. He was encouraged in his natural bent for archæological and numismatic studies by Peter Cunningham (1816–1869) [q. v.], Joseph Bonomi (1796–1878) [q. v.], and Admiral Smyth. One of his first numismatic writings was a paper in the ‘English Mechanic’ on the Queen Anne's farthings. He joined the Numismatic Society of London in 1868, became a member of the council, and contributed to its proceedings twelve papers, chiefly on English coins and medals, which were printed in the ‘Numismatic Chronicle.’ He was a foreign member of the Belgian and French numismatic societies, and of several American societies. He was elected a member of the British Archæological Association in 1870, and contributed papers to its proceedings, especially on the medals of Cromwell, and on the coins of Bristol and Norwich. At the time of his death he was arranging for the press a history of English country mints, for which he had been for many years collecting material. This, however, has not been published. In 1870 he published ‘A Guide to the Study of English Coins,’ London, 8vo (2nd edit. by C. F. Keary, London, 1885, 8vo), a well-known and useful little handbook; and in 1877 his principal work, the ‘Numismata Cromwelliana,’ London, 4to, giving a full account of the coins, medals, and seals of the protectorate. Henfrey died, after returning from a visit to Italy, on 31 July 1881 at Widmore Cottage, his mother's house at Bromley, Kent.
[Proceedings of Numismatic Soc. pp. 21, 22 in Numismatic Chronicle, 1882, 3rd ser. vol. ii.]
W. W.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Henfrey, Arthur

​HENFREY, ARTHUR (1819–1859), botanist, was born of English parents at Aberdeen on 1 Nov. 1819. He studied medicine and surgery at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, and was admitted a member of the College of Surgeons in 1843. Weak health and a tendency to asthma rendering medical practice impossible, he took to scientific pursuits, especially botany.
In 1847 he lectured on plants at the medical school, St. George's Hospital; succeeded Edward Forbes [q. v.] in the botanical chair at King's College in 1853; and was examiner in natural history to the Royal Military Academy and also to the Society of Arts. He was elected an associate of the Linnean Society in 1843, and a fellow in the next ​year. Henfrey was greatly esteemed by his contemporaries for his sympathetic disposition, genial manners, and never-failing readiness to oblige and help his colleagues. He died at Turnham Green on 7 Sept. 1859. He married Elizabeth Anne, eldest daughter of the Hon. Jabez Henfrey. Henry William Henfrey [q. v.], the numismatist, was his son.
Henfrey wrote: 1. ‘Anatomical Manipulations,’ 1844, in conjunction with A. Tulk. 2. ‘Outlines of Structural and Physiological Botany,’ 1847. 3. ‘Reports and Papers on Botany,’ Ray Society, 1849. 4. ‘The Rudiments of Botany,’ 1849; 2nd edit. 1859. 5. ‘The Vegetation of Europe, its Conditions and Causes,’ 1852. 6. ‘The Relations of Botanical Science to other Branches of Knowledge,’ 1854. 7. ‘Introductory Address, King's College, London,’ 1856. 8. ‘An Elementary Course of Botany,’ 1857; fourth ed. 1884. 9. ‘On the Educational Claims of Botanical Science,’ 1857. He also translated: 1. ‘On Vegetable Cells,’ by C. Nägelli; for the Ray Society, 1846. 2. ‘Chemical Field Lectures,’ by J. A. Stöckhardt, 1847. 3. ‘The Earth, Plants, and Man,’ by J. F. Schouw, 1847. 4. ‘The Plant,’ by M. J. Schleiden, 1848. 5. ‘Principles of the Anatomy of the Vegetable Cell,’ by H. von Mohl, 1851. He edited: 1. ‘Scientific Memoirs (New Series, Natural History),’ 1837, in conjunction with Professor Huxley. 2. ‘The Botanical Gazette,’ 1849. 3. ‘Journal of the Photographic Society,’ vols. i. and ii., 1853. 4. ‘Micrographic Dictionary,’ 1854, in conjunction with J. W. Griffith. 5. A revised and enlarged edition of G. W. Francis's [q. v.] ‘Anatomy of the British Ferns,’ 1855.
The genus Henfreya of Lindley, a handsome genus of ‘Acanthaceæ,’ is merged in Asystasia of Blume.
[Proc. Linn. Soc. 1859–60, p. 23; Athenæum, July–December 1859, p. 341; Journal of Botany, 1889, p. 82; Jackson's Guide Lit. Bot. p. 557; Brit. Mus. Cat.]
B. D. J.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Henley, Joseph Warner

​HENLEY, JOSEPH WARNER (1793–1884), president of the board of trade, born at Putney in 1793, was the only son of Joseph Henley, an eminent London merchant. His father having purchased the estate of Waterperry in Oxfordshire of Mr. Curzon in 1814 removed thither, and served the office of high sheriff in 1817. Joseph Warner Henley entered Magdalen College, Oxford, as a gentleman-commoner 27 April 1812, and graduated B.A. 1815 and M.A. 1834. He spent two years (1815–17) in his father's office in London, and in after life often referred to the advantage this training proved to him. He succeeded in due course to the position of a country gentleman at Waterperry, soon taking a leading part in county and magisterial business. In 1846 he became chairman of the quarter sessions. In 1841 he was elected M.P. for Oxfordshire in the conservative interest, and held the seat till his retirement from public life in 1878. Henley was nearly fifty years of age when he entered parliament, but his plain common sense and clear insight into business soon made him conspicuous. In 1852, when Lord Derby formed a government, Henley took office as president of the board of trade, and became a privy councillor. His tenure of office was brief, for the government lasted only nine months. In 1854 the university of Oxford conferred on him the honorary degree of D.C.L. When Lord Derby and Mr. Disraeli in March 1858 formed a second conservative ministry, Henley once more joined the cabinet as president of the board of trade; but in the following February, differing from his colleagues on their policy of parliamentary reform, especially as regarded the county franchise, he, together with Mr. Spencer Walpole, resigned his office and his seat in the cabinet. He never held office again, though in July 1866 he was offered by Lord Derby the seals of the home office, which he declined on account of partial deafness. Henley frequently sat on royal commissions. As a member of that for the reform of the court of chancery he displayed much knowledge and sagacity. In January 1878, owing to increasing infirmity, he retired from parliament at the age of eighty-five. His uprightness, consistency, and prudence, as well as the shrewdness of his homely sayings, gained him the esteem of all parties. Henley died 9 Dec. 1884, when nearly ninety-two years old. He married, on 9 Dec. 1817, Georgiana, fourth daughter of John Fane, esq., M.P., of Wormsley. She died 15 June 1864. Henley left a large family. His eldest son, Joseph John Henley, C.B., of Waterperry House, J.P. and D.L. for Oxfordshire, was general inspector of the local government board from 1867 to 1892.
[Times, 10 Dec. 1884; information from family.]
R. H-r.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hengler, Frederick Charles

​HENGLER, FREDERICK CHARLES (1820–1887), circus proprietor, was born at Cambridge in 1820. His father, Henry Hengler, was a well-known tight-rope dancer at Vauxhall Gardens. In 1807 he was at the Olympic Theatre, and afterwards had an engagement with Ducrow, in whose service he remained for several years, during which period he taught the circus business to his three sons, Edward Henry, John Milton, and Frederick Charles. After leaving Ducrow, he joined Price and Powell's circus. In 1841 Frederick Charles was a violin and trumpet player in Mrs. James Wild's theatre at Bradford. He afterwards attended to the business department of Price and Powell's travelling circus; but when they became embarrassed they sold their circus to him and his brother Edward, who for some years carried on the business with varied success. About 1856 Edward retired, and with his brother John kept a riding school at Liverpool, where he died on 8 Jan. 1865, aged 45. Frederick Charles, now sole proprietor, on 15 March 1857 established a circus in Liverpool, and erected buildings at Glasgow and Dublin in 1863, at Hull in 1866, at Bristol in 1867, and at Birmingham in 1868. During the summer of 1865 he gave a series of performances at the Stereorama in Cremorne Gardens, Chelsea. In 1871 he purchased the Palais Royal, Argyll Street, Regent Street, London, and converted it into a circus. Here, in addition to the usual equestrian scenes of the ring, he introduced spectacular pieces played by children. ‘Cinderella,’ brought out at Christmas 1871, was very popular. In 1884 Hengler rebuilt his London circus, and reopened it on 14 Jan. 1885. He himself never attempted any character parts, but was a great horse-tamer, and frequently exhibited his trained animals. He died suddenly at his residence, Cambridge House, 27 Fitzjohn's Avenue, Hampstead, Middlesex, on 28 Sept. 1887, and was buried at West Hampstead cemetery. By his wife, Mary Ann Frances Hengler, he left three sons and six daughters. His personalty was sworn to be 59,665l. 2s. 5d. The management of the circuses was left to his two younger sons. A daughter, Jenny Louise, obtained a wide reputation as an accomplished equestrienne.
[Frost's Circus Life, 1876, pp. 48, 110, 123, 125, 160, 187–8, 192–213; Authentic Story of Old Wild's, 1888, p. 56; Era, 15 Jan. 1865 p. 14, 1 Oct. 1887 p. 13; Judy, 13 Dec. 1882 p. 280, with portrait.]
G. C. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Herbert, George Augustus

​HERBERT, GEORGE AUGUSTUS, eleventh Earl of Pembroke and eighth Earl of Montgomery (1759–1827), general, eldest son of Henry Herbert, tenth earl of Pembroke [q. v.], was born 11 Sept. 1759. He was educated at Harrow School, and afterwards travelled in Switzerland and the north of Europe with his tutor, William Coxe [q. v.], the well-known archdeacon of Winchester. On 10 April 1775 he was appointed ensign in the 12th foot at Gibraltar, became lieutenant in 1777, and in January 1778 obtained his company in the old 75th (Prince of Wales's) foot, then raising and afterwards disbanded. He was transferred to the 1st royal dragoons in December the same year; became major 22nd light dragoons in 1782; and in 1783 was appointed lieutenant-colonel 2nd dragoon guards (Queen's Bays). He was returned to parliament for Wilton in 1784, but vacated his seat on being appointed vice-chamberlain of the royal household in 1785. He was again returned for Wilton in 1788 and 1790. He took his regiment to Flanders in 1793, and in command of the bays and 3rd dragoon guards was attached to a small corps of observation of Prussians and Austrians covering the left flank of the Prussian army during the siege of Valenciennes. He rejoined the Duke of York before Dunkirk, and at the head of four British and Hanoverian squadrons and some flying artillery dislodged a French post at Hundssluyt. He returned home on the death of his father in January 1794. He became a major-general in 1795 and colonel Inniskilling dragoons 1797; commanded a brigade at Canterbury in 1797-8, and at Salisbury in 1799, part of the latter time being in command of the south-west district. He became lieutenant-general in 1802, was made K.G. in 1805, governor of Guernsey in 1807, and in the same year was sent on a special mission as ambassador extraordinary to the court of Vienna, and became a full general in 1812. He was lord-lieutenant of Wiltshire. He died 26 Oct. 1827. By his improvements of the Wilton estates, at an outlay of 200,000l.,it is said that he trebled the rent-roll, which was 35,000l. on his succession to the title.
Lord Pembroke married, first, 8 April 1787, Elizabeth, daughter of Topham Beauclerk; she died 25 March 1793; secondly, 25 Jan. 1808, Catherine, only daughter of Count Woronzoff, sometime Russian ambassador in London and afterwards governor of southern Russia; she died 27 March 1856. By his first wife he had a son, Robert Henry, twelfth earl (1791-1862), and by his second wife a son, Sidney Herbert, first lord Herbert of Lea [q. v.], and five daughters.
[Doyle's Baronage, vol. i.; Foster's Peerage under ‘Pembroke;’ Cannon's Hist. Rec. 6th Inniskilling Dragoons; Hist. MSS. Comm. 9th Rep. ii. 380-4; Gent. Mag. 1793 i. 376, 1856 i. 515.]
H. M. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Laurent, Peter Edmund

​LAURENT, PETER EDMUND (1796–1837), classical scholar, born in 1796, was a native of Picardy in France, and studied at the Polytechnic School at Paris, where he gained several prizes. He came to England at an early age, and was engaged for several years as a teacher of modern languages in the university of Oxford. He was also French master at the Royal Naval College, Portsmouth. He was a good mathematician, and is stated (Gent. Mag.) to have spoken fluently 'nearly all the European languages,' and to have been 'well versed in Arabic, Latin, and Greek.' In 1818 he left Oxford with two university friends and visited the towns of northern Italy. Starting from Venice on 9 July 1818 he visited Greece and the Ionian Islands, and came home in 1819 through Naples, Rome, and Florence. In 1821 he published an account of his travels as 'Recollections of a Classical Tour,' London, 4to. The book is not without interest, though Laurent was neither an archaeologist nor a topographer. Laurent died in the autumn (before the end of October) of 1837 at the Royal Hospital, Haslar, Hampshire, aged 41. He was the father of four children, who survived him. His wife, Anne, died at Oxford on 5 Jan. 1848, aged 50 (ib. 1848, new ser. xxix. 220). Besides the 'Recollections' Laurent published: 1. 'Introduction to the Study of German Grammar,' 1817, 12mo. 2. 'Pindar' (English prose translation with notes), 1824, 8vo. 3. 'Herodotus' (English translation from Gaisford's text), 1827, 8vo; 1837, 8vo; also 1846, 8vo. 4. 'Outlines of the French Grammar,' Oxford, 1827, 8vo. 5. 'An Introduction to ... Ancient Geography,' 1830, 8vo; 1832, 8vo.
W. W.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Laurentius

​LAURENTIUS (d. 619), archbishop of Canterbury. [See Lawrence.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Law, Charles Ewan

​LAW, CHARLES EWAN (1792–1850), recorder of London, second son of Edward Law, first baron Ellenborough, [q. v.], by his wife, Anne, daughter of George Phillips Towry of the victualling office, was born on 14 June 1792. He was educated at St. John's College, Cambridge, where he graduated M.A. 1812 and LL.D. 1847. Having been admitted a member of the Inner Temple in 1813, Law was called to the bar on 7 Feb. 1817, and subsequently became a member of the home circuit. Previously to his call he was appointed by his father clerk of the nisi prius in London and Middlesex in the court of king's bench, and shortly afterwards became a commissioner of bankruptcy. On 30 Jan. 1823 he was elected by the court of common council one of the four common pleaders of the city of London, and in 1828 was appointed a judge of the sheriff's court. In 1829 he ​became a king's counsel, and in the same year was elected to the bench of the Inner Temple, of which society he was treasurer in 1839. In November 1830 he was appointed to the office of common serjeant in succession to Denman, who had become attorney-general. Upon the resignation of Newman Knowlys in 1833 Law was elected to the post of recorder, which he continued to hold until his death. At a by-election in March 1835, occasioned by the elevation of Charles Manners-Sutton [q. v.] to the House of Lords as Viscount Canterbury, Law was returned unopposed to the House of Commons for the university of Cambridge as the colleague of Henry Goulburn [q. v.], with whom he continued to represent the constituency until his death. The only occasion on which his seat was contested was at the general election of 1847, when he was returned at the head of the poll as a protectionist, while Goulburn only narrowly escaped being defeated by Viscount Feilding. Law was a staunch tory, but did not take any prominent part in the debates of the House of Commons. He was a man of moderate abilities (Law Magazine, xliv. 291). He died at No. 72 Eaton Place, Belgrave Square, London, on 13 Aug. 1850, aged 58, and was buried on the 20th of the same month at St. John's Church, Paddington, whence his remains were removed to Wargrave, Berkshire.
Law married, first at Gretna Green on 8 March, and again on 22 May 1811, Elizabeth Sophia, third daughter of Sir Edward Nightingale, bart., of Kneesworth, Cambridgeshire, by whom he had three sons and seven daughters. His widow died at Twyford, Berkshire, on 25 Jan. 1864, aged 74. His second son, Charles Edmund Towry Law, succeeded his uncle, Edward, earl of Ellenborough, as third baron, Dec. 1871.
[Gent. Mag. new ser. 1850 xxxiv. 433–4, new ser. 1864 xvi. 402; Annual Register 1850, p. 122, App. to Chron., pp. 252–3; Law Times, 17 Aug. 1850; Illustr. London News, 17 Aug. 1850; Burke's Peerage, 1889, p. 498; Foster's Peerage, 1883, p. 264.]
G. F. R. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Culin, Patrick

​CULIN, PATRICK (d. 1534), bishop of Clogher, was an Augustinian hermit and prior of St. John without Newgate in Dublin. He was appointed to the see of Clogher by Leo X on 11 Feb. 1516. In 1528 the pope granted him a dispensation from residence on account of the poverty of his see, which had been so wasted in the wars that it was not worth more than eighty ducats a year. He continued to hold his priory with the bishopric till 1531. He died in 1534 and was buried in his cathedral.
With the assistance of Roderick Cassidy, his archdeacon, he compiled in 1525 a register of the antiquities of his church, and inserted it in a catalogue of the bishops of Clogher. From this source Sir James Ware derived most of the materials for his lives of Culin's predecessors in that see. Culin also composed a Latin hymn, still extant, in praise of St. Macartin, the first bishop of Clogher, which was usually sung on the festival of that saint.
[Ware's Writers of Ireland (Harris), p. 93; Ware's Bishops of Ireland (Harris), p. 187; Cotton's Fasti Eccl. Hibern. iii. 77; Brady's Episcopal Succession, i. 251, ii. 258.]
T. C.