# The Zoologist/4th series, vol 1 (1897)

THE ZOOLOGIST:
A MONTHLY JOURNAL
OF
NATURAL HISTORY.
FOURTH SERIES.—VOL. I.
EDITED BY
W. L. DISTANT
LONDON:
WEST, NEWMAN, & CO., 54, HATTON GARDEN. SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, & CO., Ltd.
1897.
PREFACE.
It is an old remark that every book has many authors; it is one that is exceedingly applicable to 'The Zoologist,' and we congratulate our contributors on the volume they have produced for 1897.
Our pages in the record of observations may be said to exhibit the essence of co-operation, for our contributors do not only write about animals, but absolutely seem to live and work with them. This is the aim and ideal of 'The Zoologist.' We do not propose to merely interpret, but really to reveal the secrets and the polity of the animal life that is around us.
The present volume contains much of great interest in British Ornithology. We have recorded the undoubted occurrence of Hypolais polyglotta in Sussex; articles have appeared on the capture of Pallas's Willow Warbler, Phylloscopus proregulus, in Norfolk towards the end of last year, while from Cambridgeshire was announced the acquisition of an Albatross, Diomedea melanophrys, and a recent communication shows that little doubt can be entertained that a specimen of the Mediterranean Herring Gull, Larus cachinnans, was shot in Norfolk in 1886. Ornithology has again held the place in our Magazine which it has so long done, and 'The Zoologist' appears to be still considered the recognised and suitable vehicle for avian observations.
The Order Pisces has received increased attention, and in British Zoology the very fact of our sea-girt realm should give ​to the study of Fishes a peculiar significance and interest. We trust this study may extend to other marine animals, and that sea-shore naturalists may seek more publicity.
There are still many neglected orders of British Animals which we hope to see receiving more attention in our pages. Earthworms have come to the front in the present volume, and there is a probability of Crustacea affording some material during the ensuing year. The Insecta have their own special Magazines, with which we have no desire to compete, but the natural history of insects cannot, and will not, be considered as a foreign subject to the aim and scope of 'The Zoologist.' The annals of Early Man in Britain have been commenced, and will be continued, while we confidently believe that the subject will increase in interest and detail.
We must also refer to the valuable contributions we have received to the Zoology of South Africa, Australia, the West Indies, and British India, and our expectations are that the "Foreign Intelligence" will suffer no diminution in the future.
In conclusion, the Editor, in acknowledging his obligations to the contributors, very heartily offers both them and the readers all the compliments of the season, with the best zoological wishes for the new year.
Contents of Issues
CONTENTS.
ALPHABETICAL LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS.
    From Buffon to Darwin, 312
Strickland, T.A. Gerald, F.E.S.
    Frog attacked by a Rat, 169
Sutton, James
    Asterias tessellata, or Scutellated Star-fish, 170; The Common Cockroach, 370
Teesdale, John H.
    Montagu's Harrier breeding in Ireland, 467
Ticehurst, A.F.
    Breeding of the Common Snipe in Romney Marsh, 271; Rare Warblers in Sussex, 333
Tuck, Rev. Julian G., M.A.
    White Wagtail nesting in Suffolk, 233; Strange occurrence of an Albatross in Cambridgeshire, 363; Cuckoo's egg in nest of Song Thrush, 364; Garden lists of birds, 474; Fork-tailed Petrel in E. Suffolk, 509; Green Woodpecker boring in November, 573
Walker, J.J., R.N., F.L.S.
    A flying visit to Dirk Hartog and the Houtman's Abrolhos Islands, Western Australia, 293
Warren, Robert
    Fulmar and Surf Socter in Cos. Sligo and Mayo, 84; Unusually large numbers of Pintails in Co. Mayo, 143; On the breeding range of the Yellow Wagtail in Ireland, 346
Watt, Hugh Boyd
    Local name of the Sheldrake, 571
Whitaker, F.
    Little Owl near Newark-on-Trent, 329; Variety of Grasshopper Warbler, 333; Red-backed Shrike near Rainworth, 334
Whitlock, F.B.
    The breeding habits of the Purple Heron, 407
Williams, E.
    Hybrids in St. Stephen's Green Park, Dublin, 329
Wilson, William
    An unfortunate Cuckoo, 272; Young Cuckoo in nest of Twite, 365; Appearance of migrants in Aberdeenshire during 1896 and 1897, 366
Witchell, Charles A.
    The voices of the Blackbird and the Nightingale compared, 331; Variations of habit in the Blue Titmouse, 333; The song of the Greenfinch, 335; The autumn song of birds, 358, 471; The Dictionary of British Bird-song, 578
Wollaston, A.
    A walk across Lapland, 498
Wood, Surg.-Capt. Henry S.
    Description of, and Natural History notes on, the Burmese Wild Bull, 489
Young, John
    The Wood-Pigeons in the London Parks, 87; Rooks in the West End of London, 87
New Species of British Animals described in this Volume.
Vermes.
Enchytræus parvulus, Friend (Staffordshire) Page 349
Allolobophora constricta, Rosa, var. geminata, Friend (Antrim) 459
ALPHABETICAL LIST OF SUBJECTS.
Abramis blicca, 561; brama, 561
Acanthias vulgaris, 565
Acerina vulgaris, 544
Acipenser sturio, 564
Actitis macularia, 448
Address, Editorial, 1
African Lake Fauna, 148, 187
Agonus cataphractus, 546
Agyrtria niveipectus, 446
Akodon urichi, 844
Alaska, Natural History notes from, 243
Albatross in Cambridgeshire, 363
Albino Badger in Hants, 327; Sparrow, 578; Turbot, 339
Allolobophora arborea, 458; boeckii, 458; chlorotica, 458; constricta, 459,—var. geminata, 459; eiseni, 458; fœtida, 458; georgii, 458; hibernica, 458; mammalis, 458; profuga, 457; rosea, 458; subrubicunda, 458; terrestris, 457; trapezoides, 457; turgida, 457
Allurus, macrurus, 459; tetraedrus, 459,—var. flavus, 459; tetragonurus, 459
Alopecias vulpes, 475, 565, 579
Amazilia tobaci, 446
Ametrida minor, habitat, 326
Ammodytes lanceolatus, 555; tobianus, 555
Amphibolurus barbatus, 299
Anarhichas, lupus, 551
Angel-fish at Lowestoft, 475
Anguilla latirostris, 563; vulgaris, 562
Animal life, deep-sea, in past epochs, 184; pests in British Columbia, 527,—in United States, 530
Animals, circular movement in, 146; acclimatization, at Rushmore, 242; and plants, winter life, in United States, 242; influence of darkness on, 488
Ant-eater breeding in captivity, 95
Aramides cajanea, 447
Arctatlantis, the North Atlantic Sea-region, 222
Arctic expedition, Natural History plans, 291
Arctirenia, the North Pacific Sea-region, 224
Ardea cinerea, 408; purpurea, 407
Asterias tessellata, alleged occurrence in Durham, 170, 340
Atherina presbyter, 552
Atlas Mountains fauna to be investigated, 187
Auk, Great, sales of eggs, 241, 382; remains found in Co. Waterford, 383; existing remains, 533; Little, at Scarborough, 166
Australia, North, Mammalia of, 189; Western, flying visit to Dirk Hartog and the Houtman's Abrolhos Islands, 293
Australian fossils in precious opal, 488
Auxis rochei, 547
Avicultural Magazine, 385; notes, 338
Aviculture, 535
Avifauna, British, recent additions, 5
Baboon, Chacma, 29; and Maanhaar Jackal, 155; female, menstruation, 32
Badger, albino, in Hants, 327
Barbel in Great Ouse, 534
Bat, Daubenton's, on Derbyshire and Staffordshire border, 326,—in Bedfordshire, 326; Lesser Horse-shoe, position during hibernation, 537; Long-eared, food, 231; Serotine, near Hastings, 141
Batrachians and Reptiles of Celebes, 184
Bats, Fruit, of Philippine Islands, 44; of Ireland, list and range, 184
Bear, Black, breeding in captivity, 185
Bedfordshire Vertebrate Fauna, 486
Behring Sea Seal Fisheries, 96
Bellona ornata, 446
Belone vulgaris, 559
Bettongia lesueurii, 210
Biological stations, fresh-water, 187
Bird-names, Manx, 71, 144
Birds, rare, at Hastings, 86; extinct, of Chatham Island, 145; amongst the, in Norfolk, 168; eating Magpie-moth, 169, 236; insectivorous, destroyed, in Eastern S. Africa, 243; inherited instinct in, 275, 367; autumn song, 358, 410, 471; ​of Galapagos Islands, 290; observed in Shetland, 360; colour-variation in, 383; garden lists of, 417, 474; unusual sites for nests of, 430; seen in Yukon District of Canada, 430; West Indian, 444; hours at which some commence to sing, 472, 576; migration of, 245, 505; egg-producing powers of, 511, 574, 575; directive coloration in, 531; British, Manual of, 532,—Dictionary of Call-notes, 535, 578
Birds' tongues in pictures, 533
Birdsnesting in August, 430
Bittern, Common, in Darenth Wood, near Dartford, 86
Blackbird stealing eggs, 330; and Nightingale, voices compared, 331
Bones, human, at Bromehill, 164
Books Noticed:—
    Red Deer, by the Rev. H. A. Macpherson, Cameron, of Lochiel, Viscount Ebrington, and A.T. Shand, 37
    Oceanic Ichthyology, a Treatise on the Deep Sea and Pelagic Fishes of the World, by G.B. Goode and Tarleton H. Bean, 40
    Coloured Figures of the Eggs of British Birds, with Descriptive Notices, by H. Seebohm, edited by Dr. K. Bowdler Sharpe, 41
    By the Deep Sea, a popular Introduction to the Wild Life of the British Shores, by E. Step, 42
    The Collector's Manual of British Land and Freshwater Shells, by L. E. Adams, 43
    A Handbook to the Game-birds, by W.R. Ogilvie Grant, 90
    Sixteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey. The Dinosaurs of North America, by Prof. O. C. Marsh, 92
    The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma,—Moths, by Sir G.F. Hampson, Bart., 93
    Zoologisches Adressbuch, published by R. Friedlander & Sohn, 94
    Ethnology, by A.H. Keane, 171
    The Present Evolution of Man, by G. Archdall Reid, 173
    Journal of the Right Hon. Sir Joseph Banks, Bart., 175
    A Sketch of the Natural History of Australia, by Frederick G. Aflalo, 176
    The Fishes of North and Middle America,—a Catalogue of the Species of Fish-like Vertebrates found in the waters of North America, north of the Isthmus of Panama, by D.S. Jordan and B.W. Evermann, 178
    The Migration of Birds,—a Consideration of Herr Gätke's Views, by F.B. Whitlock, 179
    Report of Observations on Injurious Insects and Common Farm Pests during the year 1896, by Eleanor A. Ormerod, 180
    Das Tierreich, Aves (Podargidæ, Caprimulgidæ, und Macropterygidæ), by Ernst Hartert, 181
    Man and Woman,—a Study of Human Secondary Characters, by Havelock Ellis, 237
    Society for the Protection of Birds,—Educational Series, edited by H.E. Dresser, 238
    A Handbook to the Order Lepidoptera, by W.F. Kirby, 239
    Problems of Nature,—Researches and Discoveries of Gustav Jaeger, edited and translated by Henry G. Schlichter, 278
    Pheasants,—their Natural History and Practical Management, by W.B. Tegetmeier, 279
    Papers presented to the World's Congress on Ornithology, edited by Mrs. E. Irene Rood, under the direction of Dr. Elliot Coues, 280
    Wild Bird Protection and Nesting Boxes, by John R.B. Masefield, 281
    Birds of our Islands, by F.A. Fulcher, 283
    The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma,—Hymenoptera, vol. i. by Lieut. Col. C.T. Bingham, 283
    Investigations into applied Nature, by W. Wilson, Jun., 284
    The Migration of Birds,—an attempt to reduce Avine Season-flight to Law, by Charles Dixon, 371
    Cambridge Natural History, vol. ii.—Worms, Rotifers, and Polyzoa, 373
    L'Année Biologique, Première Année, 1895, 376
    Traité de Zoologie, publié sous la direction de Raphael Blanchard: Fas. xi. Némertiens, par Louis Joubin; Fas.xvi., Mollusques, par Paul Pelseneer, 377 ​
    Practical Taxidermy,—a Manual of Instruction to the Amateur in Collecting, Preserving, and Setting-up Natural History Specimens of all kinds, by Montagu Browne, 378
    Life in Early Britain, being an Account of the Early Inhabitants of this Island, and the Memorials which they have left behind them, by Bertram C.A. Windle, 477
    The Vivarium, being a Practical Guide to the Construction, Arrangement, and Management of Vivaria, containing full information as to all Reptiles suitable as Pets, &c, by the Rev. Gregory C. Bateman, 478
    A Bibliography of Gilbert White, the Natural Historian and Antiquarian of Selborne, by Edward A. Martin, 480
    Bæveren (Castor fiber) i Norge dens Udbredelse og Levemaade (1896), af R. Collett, 481
    The Concise Knowledge Natural History, by R. Lydekker, R. Bowdler Sharpe, W.F. Kirby, W. Garstang, B.B. Woodward, F.A. Bather, R. Kirkpatrick, R.I. Pocock, and H. M. Bernard, 482
    Citizen Bird,—Scenes from Bird-Life in Plain English for Beginners, by Mabel Osgood Wright and Elliot Coues, 483
    Darwin, and after Darwin, vol. iii., by the late George John Romanes, 522
    A Handbook to the Birds of Great Britain, by R. Bowdler Sharpe, 523
    British Birds, with their Nests and Eggs, illustrated by F.W. Frohawk, vols, i.-iii., 525
    John Hunter, Man of Science and Surgeon, by Stephen Paget, 527
Bos sondaicus, 489,—skull and horns, figured. 492, 495
Brabrook, E. W., honours for, 382
Breeding of Corncrakes in confinement, 85; South African Galago in confinement, 83; Ant-eater in captivity, 95; Roseate Tern in Britain, 165, 467; Caracal or Desert Lynx in captivity, 185; Black Bear in captivity, 185; Cape Hunting Dog in captivity, 186; Long-eared Owl in Essex, 232; Common Snipe in Romney Marsh, 271; Sparrows on a band-stand, 287; Tozenburg Goat in captivity, 291; Wild Sheep in captivity, 291; range of Yellow Wagtail in Ireland, 346; Kingfisher in Norfolk, 354; Black-throated Diver in Shetland, 364, 425, 509; habits of Purple Heron, 407; Montagu's Harrier in Ireland, 467; Ringed Plover inland in Norfolk and Suffolk, 502
British Museum Report, 1896, 484
Brown, John Harvie, museum destroyed by fire, 48
Buffon to Darwin, 312
Bull, Burmese Wild, description of, and Natural History notes on, 489; skull and horns, figured, 492, 495
Bunting, Black-headed, in Sussex, 273; Reed, nest in unusual position, 336; Siberian Meadow, 6
Burma, Upper, Zoology of, 286
Bustard, Great, old race of Norfolk, 289, 572; Indian Houbara, in Humber District, 47
Buteo desertorum, 158
Butterflies, light- and dark-coloured, proposed explanation as to appearance during day, 88; strange pairing, 521
Buzzard, Honey, in Staffordshire, 232, 271, 328; in Suffolk, 425
Callionymus lyra, 550
Call-notes of British birds, Dictionary of, 535, 576
Campylopterus ensipennis, 446
Canis dingo, 193
Capros aper, 548
Caracal or Desert Lynx breeding in captivity, 185
Carcharias glaucus, 564
Carpodacus erythrinus, 6
Centronotus gunnellus, 551
Cephalopod, Giant, alleged, reported from Florida, 291
Ceratorrhina burkei, 161; derbyana, 161
Certhiola atrata, 447
Cestode parasites of fishes, 534
Cetaceans, distribution, 220
Charadrius dominicus, a rare Plover, on the River Thames, 330
Check-list of British Earthworms, 453
Chicago Academy of Sciences, museum, 388
​Chlorestes cærulea, 445
Chlorophanes spiza, 447
Chlorostilbon carribæus, 445
Chrysolampis mosquitus, 444
Chrysophrys aurata, 544
Cicadidæ and Orthoptera, stridulation, 432, 516, 517, 519, 520
Clupea alosa, 562; finta, 562; harengus, 561; pilchardus, 562; sprattus, 562
Coassus nemorivagus, 345
Coccidæ, food-plants of, 486
Coccystes glandarius, supposed occurrence in Ireland, 574
Cockroach, Common, changes of colour, 370
Cœlogenys paca, 343
Cœreba cærulea, 447; cyanea, 447
Coloration, directive, in birds, 531
Conger vulgaris, 563
Conilurus boweri, 197; hirsutus, 195; penicillatus, 196
Cormorants in Lower California, 243; destruction, in Australia, 384
Corncrakes breeding in confinement, 35
Cornwall and Devon, neolithic life, 49
Coronella lævis in New Forest, 431, 475
Corsica, ornithological notes from, 254
Cottus bubalis, 545; gobio, 545; scorpius, 545,—var. grœnlandicus, 545
County Records:—
    Bedfordshire—Daubenton's Bat, 326; Black Rat, 328
    Berkshire—Frog attacked by a Rat, 169
    Cambridgeshire—Albatross, 363; birdsnesting in August, 430
    Cheshire—Landrail, 86; Lesser Shrew, 231; Noddy Tern, 510
    Cornwall—Neolithic life, 49
    Cumberland—Eared Grebe, 83
    Derbyshire—Daubenton's Bat, 326; Night Heron, 329; Blackthroated Diver, 426
    Devonshire—Neolithic life, 49; Shore Lark, 365, 471, 574; Lesser Shrew, 467; Lesser Spotted Woodpecker, 470; Pigmy Shrew, 507
    Dorsetshire—Icterine Warbler, 332; Osprey, 508
    Durham—Asterias tessellata, or Scutellated Star-fish, alleged occurrence, 170, 340; Common Cockroach, 370
    Essex—Long-eared Owl, 232; Tunny, 579
    Gloucestershire—Summer migrants, 274; unusual position for eggs of Starling, Song Thrush and Sparrow, 334
    Hampshire—Winter notes, 34; Worm-eating Slugs, 89; Yellow-billed Cuckoo, 142; Red-legged Partridge, 233; Badger, 327; Hedgesparrow, 427; Crossbills, 428; Smooth Snake, 431, 475; notes, 460; Aquatic Warbler, 471; Pied Wagtail, 513; Grey Wagtail, 513; Common Redshank, 575
    Hertfordshire—Kingfisher, 469
    Kent—Common Bittern, 86; Common Snipe, 271; Blue Titmouse, 333; Starling, 334; American Nonpareil Finch, 335; Montagu's Harrier, 363; Lesser Grey Shrike, 427; Wryneck, 511; Green Sandpiper, 573
    Lancashire—Scaup Duck, 329
    Leicestershire—Grey Wagtail, 336
    Lincolnshire—Greenish Willow Warbler, 5; Common Rorqual, 142; Grey Wagtail, 274, 336; Great Plover, 511.
    Middlesex—Wood Pigeons, 87; Rooks in West End of London, 87; Magpie Moth eaten by birds, 169; House Sparrow, 273; avicultural notes, 338; Curlew, 364; Wild Geese, 487
    Norfolk—Pallas's Warbler, 5, 8; skulls of early Man, 33; breeding Corncrakes in confinement, 35; ornithological record for 1896, 121; human bones, 164; among the birds, 168; Knot, 232; Cuckoo Ray, 235; Stone Curlew, 248; Sapphirine Gurnard, 275, 339; Nightingale, 332; Lesser Weaver, 339; Turbot, 339; Angler Fish, 340; Common Mackerel, 340; Pilchards, 340; Edible Crab, 340; twenty years in the Fens, 351; "Kentish Crow," 356, 428; Fen versus Marsh, 437; nesting sites, 449; Common Swift, 468; Ringed Plover, 502; Barbel in Great Ouse, 534; Marine and Fresh-water Fishes of Great Yarmouth, &c, 539; Cuckoo, 568; Great Bustard, 289, 572; Mediterranean Herring Gull, 572
    Nottinghamshire—Little Owl, 329; Grasshopper Warbler, 333; Redbacked Shrike, 334
    Oxfordshire—Spotted Flycatcher's nest in nest of Hawfinch, 426, 473; proximity of Magpie's and Wood Pigeon's nests, 427; Sparrowhawk, 508; Cuckoo, 426, 513 ​
    Shropshire—Tit's nest, 167; Longeared Bats, 231; Wasp, Tipula, and Spider, 475
    Somersetshire—Garden lists of birds, 418, 431; Hedgesparrow, 427; Black-winged Stilt, 511
    Staffordshire—Honey Buzzard, 232, 271, 328; Daubenton's Bat, 326
    Suffolk—White Wagtail, 233; Snails, 236; Swallow-tailed Kite, 270, 363; Cuckoo's egg in nest of Song Thrush, 364; Honey Buzzard, 425; garden lists of birds, 474; Thresher Shark, 475; Angel-fish, 475; Ringed Plover, 502; Fork-tailed Petrel, 509; Green Woodpecker, 573
    Sussex—Rare birds, 86; Serotine Bat, 141; Black-headed Bunting, 273; Rare Warblers, 333; Hawfinches, 365; Quails, 366; Little Gull, 468; Red-necked Phalarope, 468; Common Roller, 469; Hypolais polyglotta, 513; Common Seal, 571
    Warwickshire—Black Tern, 330; White Wagtail, 337
    Yorkshire—Little Auks and Little Gulls, 166; Red-legged Partridge, 166; polydactylism in the Horse, 270; Blackbird, 330; trapping Shrews and Voles, 571; Dipper, 575; Notes, 578
Crab, Edible, meristic variation in, figured, 340
Crocodiles, "mystic singing," 288, 289
Crossbills near Bournemouth, 428
Crow, Kentish, 356, 428
Cuckoo, South African Golden, egg in nest of Cape Wagtail, 142; Yellowbilled, in Isle of Wight, 142; an unfortunate, 272; egg in nest of Song Thrush, 364; young, in nest of Twite, 365; popular fallacy concerning, 512; does it suck eggs? 513, 568; Great Spotted, supposed occurrence in Co. Kerry, 574
Curlew laying five eggs, 364; Stone, as observed around Thetford, 248
Cyclopterus lumpus, 550
Cyprinus auratus, 559; carpio, 559; carassius, 559
Darwin, Buffon to, 312
Dasyprocta aguti, 342; cristata, 342
Dasyurus hallucatus, 206
Deep-sea animal life in past epochs, 184
Dermestes lardarius eating specimens of moths, 433, 521
Devon & Cornwall, neolithic life, 49
Didelphis marsupialis, 342
Dik-Dik in nature and as preserved, 434
Diomedea melanophrys, 364
Dipper, egg-producing powers, 575
Dirk Hartog and the Houtman's Abrolhos Islands, Western Australia, 293
Diver, Black-throated, nesting in Shetland, 364, 425, 509,— in Derbyshire, 426; Great Northern, nesting in Shetland, 425, 509
Dog, Cape Hunting, breeding in captivity, 186
Dogs of draught in Belgium, 33
Dove, Stock, in Ireland, 88
Dreschel, Prof., 533
Duck, Pintail, large number in Co. Mayo, 143; Scaup, inland in Lancashire, 329
Eagle resting on a balloon, 384; Golden, in Ross-shire, 425
Earthworm studies: dorsal pores, 149; oviposition and embryology, 258; phosphorescence and luminosity, 304; check-list of British Earthworms, 453
Egernia (Silubosaurus) stokesii, 301
Egg of South African Golden Cuckoo in nest of Cape Wagtail, 142; of Cuckoo in nest of Song Thrush 364; -producing powers of birds 511, 574, 575
Eggs of Great Auk, sales, 241, 382; of Starling, Song Thrush, and Sparrow, unusual position for, 334; five, laid by Curlew, 364; white, of Hedgesparrow, 427; of Roseate Tern, 165, 467, 510
Echidna aculeata, 199
Echimys trinitatis, 345
Editorial Address, 1
Eel, Common, transformations, 287
Elanus cæruleus, 158
Elephants in South Africa, destruction of, 532
Emberiza cioides, 6
Emu, protection, in Australia, 385
Enchytræus parvulus, a new British Worm, 349
​Engraulis encrasicholus, 561
Entomology, Economic, in India and United States, 385
Esox lucius, 559
Ethnological Bureau of British Empire, 380
Eulampis jugularis, 447; holosericus, 447
Evolution no longer a word of evil import, 435
Fallacies, popular ornithological, 473, 512, 514
Fauna, African Lake, 148, 187; of Atlas Mountains to be investigated, 187; and Flora, our indigenous, 264; Vertebrates, of Bedfordshire, 486
Fen versus marsh, 437
Finch, Nonpareil, change of plumage, 273, 335
Finches, foreign, in confinement, 251
Fish, Angler, a large, 340; driven ashore at Durban, 369; oil industry of Japan, 286
Fisheries, Behring-Sea Seal, 96
Fishery, Seal and Whale, 56, 142
Fishes, Marine and Fresh-water, of Great Yarmouth, &c, 539; our Economic Sea, 389
Flora and Fauna, our indigenous, 264
Florisuga mellivora, 445
Flycatcher, nest constructed in nest of Hawfinch, 426
Folk-lore ornithological, 144, 168; among Moki Indians, 183
Food of Long-eared Bat, 231; Knot, 232
Food-plants of Coccidæ, 486
Fossils, Australian, in precious opal, 488
Foxes, German importation of, 436
Fresh-water biological stations, 187; and Marine Fishes of Great Yarmouth, &c, 539
Frog attacked by Rat, 169; by Weasel, 369; many enemies among carnivorous mammals, 339
Frühstorfer, H., 292
Gadus æglefinus, 553; luscus, 553; merlangus, 553; minutus, 553; morrhua, 552; pollachius, 553; virens, 554
Galago, South African, breeding in confinement, 83
Galapagos Islands, birds of, 290
Galbula ruficauda, 448
Galeus vulgaris, 564
Game, South African, preservation of, 186
Garden list of birds, 417, 474
Gasterosteus aculeatus, 543; pungitius, 543; spinachia, 543
Geese, Wild, summer appearance in Fifeshire, 363; over London, 487
Germon, or Long-finned Tunny, in British waters, 580
Glaucis hirsuta, 446
Goat, Tozenburg, bred in captivity, 291
Gobio fluviatilis, 560
Gobius auratus, 550; minutus, 549; niger, 550; ruthensparri, 549; unipunctatus, 549
Goliathus albosignatus, 160
Grebe, Eared, in Cumberland, 83
Greenfinch, song, 335
Grosbeak, Scarlet, 6
Grouse, Red and Black, union between, 183
Gull, Little, at Scarborough, 166,—in Sussex, 468; Mediterranean Herring, in Norfolk, 572
Gurnard, Sapphirine, Bull-dog variety, at Great Yarmouth, 275, 339,—figured, 276
Habit, peculiar nesting, of House Sparrow, 273; variations, in Blue Titmouse, 333; inherited, in birds, 275, 367; breeding, of Purple Heron, 407; of Lesser Spotted Woodpecker, 470; strange nesting, of Nuthatch and Starling, 514; of Cicadidæ, 520
Halmaturus houtmanni, 297
Hants, Mid-, notes from, 460
Hare, Common Brown, 95; Irish, 96 Harrier, Montagu's, alleged nesting in Kent, 363; breeding in Ireland, 467
Harvard College Museum of Comparative Zoology, 387
Hawfinch in West Sussex, 365
Hedgehog attacking Toad, 369
Hedgesparrow appropriating Thrush's nest, 427; white eggs, 427
Heron, Night, in Derbyshire, 329; Purple, breeding habits, 407; choked by a Frog, 572
Heteromys anomalus, 344
Hippoglossoides limandoides, 556
Hippoglossus vulgaris, 555
Hipposiderus muscinus, 191
​Hippopotamus, decrease, in the Upper Shire, 380; preservation, in Natal, 381
Holibut, large, at Isle of Man, 235
Horns from South Africa, 487
Horse, critical period in development, 486; polydactylism in, 270
Hours at which some birds commence to sing, 472, 576
Hybridity, supposed, between Common Brown and Irish Hares, 96; Red and Black Grouse, 183; colour-variation, &c, in birds and mammals, 383
Hybrids in St. Stephen's Green Park, Dublin, 329
Hydromys chrysogaster fulvo-lavatus, 197
Hymenoptera, Aculeate, 533
Hypolais polyglotta in Sussex, 513
Icterus zanthornus, 447
Indies, West, Natural History notes from, 341
Indopelagia, the Indian Sea-region, 224
Influence of darkness on animals, 488
Insect pests and destruction of birds in Eastern S. Africa, 243; preservatives, non-poisonous, 433
Insects, protection of, 386
Instinct, inherited, in birds, 275, 367
Ireland.—Fulmar and Surf Scoter in Cos. Sligo and Mayo, 84; Stock Dove in Co. Louth, 88; Marten in Co. Waterford, 141; Pintails in Co. Mayo, 143; Green Sandpiper in Co. Waterford, 143; Pine Marten in Co. Waterford, 269, 327; hybrids, 329; Reed Bunting in Co. Waterford, 336; Yellow Wagtail, 346; Great Auk, 383; Montagu's Harrier in Co. Kerry, 467; strange pairing of butterflies, 521; Heron choked by Frog, 572; supposed occurrence of a Great Spotted Woodpecker in Co. Kerry, 574
Isle of Man, Holibut at, 235; anthropology of, 435; Porbeagle in Manx waters, 579; Museum for, 579
Jackal, Maanhaar, 155
Jefferies, Richard, the late, 46
Jersey, Bank Vole in, 141
Kangaroos, protection, in Australia, 385
Kingfisher, survival of, 354, 469
Kite, Swallow-tailed, in Suffolk, 270, 363
Knot, food, 232
Labrax lupus, 544
Labrus maculatus, 552
Læmargus borealis, 565
Lamna cornubica, 564, 579
Lampornis violicauda, 444
Lampris luna, 548
Landrail in Chester in December, 86
Lanius minor in Kent, 427
Lapland, a walk across, 498
Lark, Shore, 6; supposed summer appearance in Devonshire, 365, 471, 574
Larus cachinnans in Norfolk, 572
Latrunculus pellucidis, 550
Legends, zoological, 46
Lepus timidus, 96; variabilis, 96
Leuciscus buggenhagii, 561; cephalus, 560; erythrophthalmus, 560; phoxinus, 560; rutilus, 560; vulgaris, 560
Leuckart, Prof. Rudolf, honours for, 381
Liparis montagui, 551; vulgaris, 551
Lizard, Australian Rock, 233
Lobster, gigantic, 276
Local museums, federal staff for, 147
Locust ravages in South Africa, 45; proposed means of destruction in Rhodesia, 146
Loncheres guianæ, 344
Lophius piscatorius, 551
Lophoceros erythrorynchus, 159; leucomelas, 159
Lophornis ornatus, 445
Lota vulgaris, 554
Lumbricus castaneus, 455; festivus, 455; herculeus, 455; papillosus, 455; rubellus, 455; studeri, 455
Lynx, Desert, or Caracal, breeding in captivity, 185
Mackerel, Common, variety, 340
Macropus agilis, 214; antilopinus, 213; robustus, 212
Madoqua phillipsi in nature and as preserved, 434
Magpie-moth eaten by birds, 169
Magpie's and Wood Pigeon's nests, proximity of, 427
Mammalia, North Australian, 189; marine, distribution, 217
Mammals, colour-variation. &c, 383; from Somali-land, 434; of Trinidad, 424
​Man in Zoology, 13; Early, skulls found in Norfolk, 33; Palæolithic, and the glacial epoch, 95; Prehistoric, remains on Rombald's Moor, 145
Manx bird-names, 71, 144
Marine and Fresh-water Fishes of Great Yarmouth, &c, 539
Marmosa murina, 342
Marsh versus fen, 437
Marten, Pine, in Ireland, 141, 269, 327
Maurolicus pennantii, 559
Merlucius vulgaris, 554
Mesatlantis, the Middle Sea-region, 223
Mesirenia, the Middle Pacific Sea-region, 225
Miall, Prof. L.C., on study of zoology, 434
Migration of Red-legged Partridge, 166, 233; at Spurn lighthouse, in 1896, 245; of birds, 505
Migrants, summer, in Gloucestershire, 274; in Aberdeenshire, 366
Mimus gilvus, 448
Mollusca from Tangier, 244; non-marine, of Essex, 535
Molva vulgaris, 554
Momotus swainsoni, 447, 448
Motella cimbria, 554; mustela, 554; tricirrata, 554
Mugil capito, 552; chelo, 552
Mullus surmuletus, 544
Mus decumanus,344; musculus, 344; rattus, 198, 344
Museum Reports:—
    Oological collection in Australia, 47
    Harvie Brown Museum destroyed by fire, 48
    Musée Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique, 80; locality-labels, 81
    Federal staff for local museums, 147
    Albany Museum, Grahamstown, 243
    Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 387
    Museum of Chicago Academy of Sciences, 388
    British Museum Report for 1896, 484
    Washington National Museum, 485
    Museum for Isle of Man, 579
Mustelus vulgaris, 564
Myiadectes sibilans, 448
Myrmecophaga jubata breeding in captivity, 95
'Naturalists' Directory,' 291
Naucrates ductor, 548
Nectomys palmipes, 344
Neolithic life in Devon and Cornwall, 49
Nerophis æquoreus, 563
Nest of Cape Wagtail with egg of South African Golden Cuckoo, 142; of Tit, strange discovery of, 167; of Reed Bunting in unusual position, 336; of Song Thrush with egg of Cuckoo, 364; of Spotted Flycatcher constructed in nest of Hawfinch, 426; of Magpie and of Wood Pigeon, proximity of, 427; of Thrush appropriated by House Sparrow, 427; unusual sites for, chosen by birds, 430
Nesting of White Wagtail in Suffolk, 233; habit, peculiar, of House Sparrow, 273; of Grey Wagtail in Lincolnshire, 274, 336; of Sparrows on a band-stand, 287; alleged, of Montagu's Harrier, in Kent, 363; of Wood Pigeon in heart of the city, 383; of Great Northern and Black-throated Divers in Shetland, 425, 509; sites, curious, near Thetford, 449; of Sparrowhawk in thorn-tree, 508; of Great Plover, 511; strange, of Nuthatch, 514,—Starling, 514
Nests and nesting sites, unusual, 430, 449
Nightingale near Scarborough, 332; and Blackbird, voices compared, 331
Nightjar, memory for locality in a, 330
Norfolk, ornithological record for 1896, 121; birds, amongst the, 168; fens, twenty years on, 351; fen versus marsh, 437
Norway, notes from, 22
Notopelagia, the Southern Polar Sea-region, 225
Nuthatch, strange nesting habits, 514
Nyctibius jamaicensis, 447
Nyctophilus timoriensis, 193
Obituary:—
    Bartlett, Abraham Dee, 267
    Bendire, Major Charles E., 230
    Cope, Edward Drinker, 229
    Dreschel, Professor, 533
    Gätke, Heinrich, ​
    Matthews, Rev. Andrew, 466
    Müller, Fritz, 268
    Nevill, Hugh, F.Z.S., 230
    Newton, Sir Edward, K.C.M.G., 230
    Steenstrup, Johann Japetus Simon, 325
Onychogale unguifera, 209
Oological collections in Australia, 47
Orcynus germo in British waters, 580
Ortalis ruficauda, 448
Orthagoriscus mola, 564
Orthoptera and Cicadidæ, stridulation in, 432, 516, 517, 519, 520
Oryzomys brevicauda, 344
Osmerus eperlanus, 558
'Osprey,' The, 243
Osprey in Dorset, 508
Ostrich (with Plate), 97, 167
Otocorys alpestris, 6
Otter, Irish, differs from Common Otter, 184
Owl, Little, near Newark-on-Trent, 329; Long-eared, breeding in Essex, 232
Pagellus centrodontus, 544
Pairing, strange, of butterflies, 521
Partridge, Red-legged, migrating, 166, 233
Perameles macrura, 202; obesula, 201
Perca fluviatilis, 543
Perdix cinerea, chocolate-coloured variety, 36
Pests, animal, in British Columbia, 529,—in United States, 530; insect, and destruction of birds, in Eastern S. Africa, 243
Petaurus breviceps, 205
Petchora River, Siberia, zoological expedition, 287
Petrel, Fork-tailed, in East Suffolk, 509; Frigate, on west coast of Scotland, 241; in Cos. Sligo & Mayo, 84
Petrogale brachyotis, 209; concinna, 208
Petromyzon fluviatilis, 567; marinus, 567
Phalarope, Red-necked, in Sussex, 468
Phaethornis guyi, 445; longuemareus, 445
Phascologale flavipes leucogaster, 208; pencillata, 207
Pheasant with upper mandible prolonged, figured, 122
Pheasants and earthquakes in Japan, 44
Philander trinitatis, 342
Phylloscopus brehmi, 5; proregulus in Norfolk, 5, 8,—figured, 136; superciliosus, 5; viridans in Lincolnshire, 5
Pigeon, Wood, large flocks, near Croydon, 45; in London Parks, 87; nesting in heart of the city, 383; and Magpie, proximity of nests, 427
Pilchards at Great Yarmouth, 340
Pinnipeds, distribution, 217
Pipit, Alpine, in Carnarvonshire, 366
Pipra auricapilla, 447
Pithecanthropus erectus, 14
Pleuronectes flesus, 557; cynoglossus, 557; limanda, 556; microcephalus, 556; platessa, 556
Plover, Great, nesting, 511; Little, in Australia, useful qualities of, 385; Ringed, inland breeding, in Norfolk and Suffolk, 502
Plumage, change of, in Nonpareil Finch, 273, 335
Polar, South, Belgian Expedition, 487
Polydactylism in the Horse, 270
Pteropus gouldii, 190; scapulatus, 191
Pseudochirus dahlii, 203
Quails in Sussex, 366
Raia batis, 566; clavata, 566; maculata, 566; miraletus, 566; pastinaca, 566; radiata, 566
Raniceps trifurcus, 554
Rat attacking Frog, 169; Black, in Bedfordshire, 328
Ray, Cuckoo, at Great Yarmouth, 235
Redpoll, Mealy, off Kerry coast, 513
Redshank, Common, egg-producing powers, 575
Rendall, Dr. Percy, 46
Reptiles and Batrachians of Celebes, 184
Rhamphastos vitellinus, 447
Rhine, ornithological notes from, 61
Rhinolphus hipposideros (with Plate), 537
Rhipidomys couesii, 343
Rhombus lævis, 555; maximus, 555
Rinderpest in Transvaal, 45; wild animals destroyed by, in South and East Africa, 186
Roller, Common, in Sussex, 469
Rookery unexpectedly abandoned, 287
Rooks in West End of London, 87
Roosting of Swift, 511
Rorqual, Common, on Lincolnshire coast, 142
Salamander, gigantic, 382
​Salmo fario, 558; salar, 557; trutta, 558
Sandpiper, Green, in Co. Waterford, 143; flight, 573
Saunders' 'Manual of British Birds,' 532
Scarborough, notes from, 578
Sciæna aquila, 547
Sciurus æstuans, 343
Sclater, Dr. P.L., bibliography, 188
Scomber scomber, 547; scriptus, 547; thynnus, 547
Scomberesox saurus, 559
Scopus umbretta, 158
Scorpæna dactyloptera, 544
Scoter, Surf, in Co. Sligo and Mayo, 84
Scotland.—Yellow Wagtail in Argyllshire, 167; Cuckoo, 272, 365; Toad attacked by Weasel, 339; Wild Geese in Fifeshire, 363; migrants in Aberdeenshire, 366; Golden Eagle in Ross-shire, 425
Scotophilus greyii, 193
Scyllum canicula, 565; stellaris, 565
Sea-regions of the globe, 221
Seal, Behring Sea fisheries, 96; Common, in River Arun, Sussex, 571; Grey, in Carnarvonshire, 141; and Whale fishery, 1896, 56, 142
Selache maxima, 565
Serpentarius secretarius, 157
Shagreen made from skins of Rays and Dog-fish, 292
Shark, Porbeagle, in Manx waters, 579; Thresher, at Lowestoft, 475
Sharks, abundance in tropical seas, 36; combat at Cocos Islands, 387
Sheep, Wild, bred in captivity, 291
Sheldrake, local name, 508, 571
Shetland, list of birds observed, 360; Black-throated and Great Northern Divers breeding in, 364, 425, 509
Shrew, Lesser, in Cheshire, 231,—in Anglesea, 326,—in Devon, 467
Shrews and Voles, trapping, 507, 571
Shrike, Lesser Grey, in Kent, 427; Red-backed, near Rainworth, 334
Singing of birds, hours, 472, 576
Siphonostoma typhle, 563
Sirenians, distribution, 219
Slugs, distribution of worm-eating, 89
Sminthopsis nitela, 208
Snails, early, 236
Snake, Smooth, in New Forest, 431, 475
Snakes found within fifty miles of New York City, 44
Snipe, Common, breeding in Romney Marsh, 271
Solea lascaris, 557; vulgaris, 557
Solway Firth, Germon, or Long-finned Tunny, in, 580
Somali-land, mammals from, 434
Song of Greenfinch, 335; autumn, of birds, 358, 410, 471
Sparrow, unusual position for eggs of, 334; House, peculiar nesting habit, 273,—depredations of, 383; albino, 578
Sparrowhawk nesting in thorn-tree, 508
Sparrows nesting on band-stand, 287
Sparus niger, 548
Spider, Tipula, and Wasp, 475
Spurn lighthouse, migration at, in 1896, 245
Squatina vulgaris, 565
Squirrel, Common, seasonal changes in, 424
Star-fish, Scutellated, alleged occurrence in Durham, 170, 340
Starling, unusual position for eggs of, 334; strange nesting habits, 514
Starlings, second brood, 334
Stilt, Black-winged, in Somerset, 511
Stridulation of Cicadidæ and Orthoptera, 432, 516, 517, 519, 520
Struthio camelus, 97
Swift, flight of, 36; night flight, 290; roosting, 468, 511
Syngnathus acus, 563; hippocampus, 563; lumbriciformis, 563
Tanagra sclateri, 447
Taphozous australis, 192
Tatusia novemcincta, 343
Taxidermy, 412
Tern, Black, in Anglesea, 329,—in Warwickshire, 330; Noddy, in Cheshire, 510; Roseate, breeding in Britain, 165, 467,—eggs of, 467, 510
Terpsiphone cristata, 161
Thetford, Stone Curlews as observed around, 248
Thrush, Song, unusual position for eggs of, 334
Tinea vulgaris, 560
Tipula, Spider, and Wasp, 475
Tithoes confinis, 161
Titmouse, Blue, habit variations, 333
Tit's nest, strange discovery of, 167
Toad attacked by Weasel, 339; by Hedgehog, 369; enemies of, 432
Torpedo vulgaris, 566
Tortoise, gigantic, from Aldabra Islands, 382
​Trachinus draco, 546; vipera, 546
Trachurus trachurus, 548
Transvaal, zoological rambles in and around, 157
Trapping Shrews and Voles, 507, 571
Trichosurus vulpecula, 205
Trigla cuculus, 545; gurnardus, 546; lineata, 546; pœciloptera, 545; hirundo, 545
Trinidad, mammals of, 424
Trogon meridionalis, 447
Tunny on Essex coast, 579; Longfinned, or Germon, in British waters, 580
Turbot, albino, 339
Turdus gymnophthalmus, 448
Turtle, gigantic, on coast of Natal, 382
Varanus niloticus, 162
Variety, Bull-dog, of Sapphirine Gurnard, 275, 339; Grasshopper Warbler, 333; Common Mackerel, 340
Vertebrates, origin of, 531
Vipers before birth, 148
Voices of Blackbird and Nightingale compared, 331
Vole Bank, in Jersey, 141; in Denbighshire, 328
Voles and Shrews, trapping, 507, 571
Vultures and Towers of Silence, 143
Wagtail, Grey, nesting in Lincolnshire, 274, 336,—in Leicestershire, 336,—in Itchen Valley, 513; Pied, in Itchen Valley, 513; White, in Warwickshire, 337,—nesting in Suffolk, 233; Yellow, in Argyllshire, 167,—breeding range in Ireland, 346
Wales.—Grey Seal in Carnarvonshire, 141; Lesser Shrew in Anglesea, 326; Bank Vole in Denbighshire, 328; Black Tern in Anglesea, 329; Alpine Pipit in Carnarvonshire, 366; garden list of birds in Pembrokeshire, 419
Warbler, Aquatic, in Hampshire, 471; Grasshopper, variety, 333; Greenish Willow, 5; Icterine, at Lyme Begis, 332; Pallas's Willow, in Norfolk, 5, 8, 136,—figured, 136; Yellowbrowed, 5.
Warblers, rare, in Sussex, 333
Washington National Museum, 1896, 485
Wasp, Tipula, and Spider, 475
Weasel attacking Frog, 369
Weaver, Lesser, strange position of a, 339
West Indian birds, notes on some, 444
Whale, Sperm, captured near Azores, 145; parasites on, 145; and Seal fishery, 1896, 56, 142
Whales, enormous stranding at Falkland Islands, 47
Winchester water-meads, notes, 34
Winter life of animals and plants in United States, 242
Wolmer Forest, preservation, 534
Woodpecker, Green, boring in November, 573; Lesser Spotted, habits, 470
Worm, Aster, 349
Wren,Willow, singing in autumn, 513
Wryneck, egg-producing powers, 511
Xyphias gladius, 549
Yarmouth, Great, marine and freshwater fishes of, 539
York School Nat. Hist. Report, 188
Yukon District of Canada, birds, 430
Zebras, revised list of, 380
Zeugopterus punctatus, 556
Zeus faber, 548
Zoarces viviparus, 551
Zoology, Man in, 13
Zygæna malleus, 564
ILLUSTRATIONS.
| Plate I. Ostrich, "bromming" and "rolling" | to face 97 |
| Plate„ II. Rhinolphus hipposideros, Bechst.: sleeping positions | to face„ 537 |
| Labels, locality, &c, in use at the Brussels Museum | 81 |
| Pheasant with upper mandible prolonged | 122 |
| Pallas's Willow Warbler, Phylloscopus proregulus | 136 |
| Bull-dog Variety of Sapphirine Gurnard | 276 |
| Meristic variation in the Edible Crab | 340 |
| Skull and horns: Bos sondaicus—Bull | 492 |
| Skull and horns:„ Bos sondaicus„—Cow | 495 |
| Sketch Map of Water Area in neighbourhood of Great Yarmouth | 539 |
* ↑ We suppose this is N.F. Ticehurst (Wikisource-ed.).
* ↑ We suppose this is J. Whitaker (Wikisource-ed.).