OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jones, William Bence

​JONES, WILLIAM BENCE (1812–1882), Irish agriculturist, born at Beccles, Suffolk, in 1812, was the eldest son of William Jones, a lieutenant-colonel of the 5th dragoon guards, by Matilda, daughter of the Rev. Bence Bence of Thorington Hall, Suffolk. Henry Bence Jones, M.D. [q. v.], was the second son. William was educated at Harrow, matriculated on 31 March 1829 from Balliol College, Oxford, and proceeded B.A. in 1834 and M.A. in 1836. He was called to the bar at the Inner Temple, and for a short time went the home circuit.
Late in life Jones's grandfather had bought an estate at Lisselan, co. Cork, adjoining the public road from Clonakilty to Bandon. It was never visited by its purchaser, and only once by his son. In 1838, in ​consequence of the embezzlements of the agent in charge, Jones undertook its management, and lived there almost entirely from 1843 to 1880. Utilising the knowledge of farming which he had gained in Suffolk, he made great improvements on the estate, which consisted of about four thousand acres, and farmed one thousand acres himself. He engaged a man to teach his tenants how to grow turnips and clover, he improved the roads, reclaimed upwards of four hundred acres, and generally consolidated the farms. He was never popular in the district. In the severe winter of 1879 he gave increased employment to the neighbouring labourers, but opposed the establishment of public relief works, and when the Land League agitation began he was attacked as an unjust and rack-renting landlord. In December 1880 he refused to accept from his tenants Griffith's valuation in place of the stipulated rent, and was consequently boycotted. Most of the labourers in his employment deserted him, but he succeeded in carrying on his farm-work with the aid of men imported from England and elsewhere. Although successful in his resistance to the Land League, he left Ireland in 1881, and settled in London. He strenuously opposed Mr. Gladstone's Irish Land Act of 1881, advocating emigration and state drainage of wet lands as alternative remedies. He died at 34 Elvaston Place, London, on 22 June 1882.
In 1843 Jones married Caroline, daughter of William Dickinson, M.P., of Kingweston, Somerset. His eldest son, William Francis Bence-Jones, educated at Rugby and Exeter College, Oxford (B.A. in 1878), and called to the bar at the Inner Temple on 26 Jan. 1883, died on 19 Nov. of the same year, when Jones's second son, Reginald, succeeded to the estate.
Jones was author of:
* ‘The Irish Church from the Point of View of its Laymen,’ London, 1868, 12mo.
* ‘The Future of the Irish Church,’ Dublin, 1869, 8vo.
* ‘What has been done in the Irish Church since its Disestablishment,’ London, 1875, 8vo.
* ‘The Life's Work in Ireland of a Landlord who tried to do his Duty,’ London (printed in Edinburgh), 1880, 8vo, being chiefly a collection of articles contributed to magazines between 1865 and 1880.
[Bence Jones's Life's Work in Ireland; Law Times, lxxiii. 168; Times, 24 June 1882; see also letters by Jones in Times, 15, 17, and 21 Dec. 1880, 3 Jan. 1881.]
D. Ll. T.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jones, William Henry Rich

1904 Errata appended.
​JONES, WILLIAM HENRY RICH (1817–1885), antiquary, eldest son of William Jones, chief secretary of the Religious Tract Society, was born in the parish of Christchurch, Blackfriars, on 31 Aug. 1817. He was educated at a private school at Totteridge, Hertfordshire, at King's College, ​London, and at Magdalen Hall (now Hertford College), Oxford. At Oxford he won the Boden scholarship for proficiency in Sanskrit in 1837, and graduated B.A. 1840, and M.A. in 1844. In 1841 he became curate of St. Andrew, Holborn, in the following year rector of St. Martin-in-the-Fields, in 1845 incumbent of St. James's, Curtain Road, Shoreditch, and in 1851 vicar of Bradford-on-Avon in Wiltshire. From 1861 to 1873 he acted as rural dean of Potterne. In 1872 he was appointed surrogate of the diocese of Salisbury and canon of Salisbury. He died suddenly at the vicarage, Bradford-on-Avon, on 28 Oct. 1885. He was twice married, and left a widow, one son, and three daughters. In 1883 he prefixed his wife's maiden name (Rich) to his surname.
Jones was an active parish priest and a scholarly archæologist. He was elected a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries in 1849. He carefully restored the Anglo-Saxon church at Bradford-on-Avon. He also had a thorough knowledge of Sanskrit. He made the following valuable contributions to ecclesiological and antiquarian literature:
* ‘Memorials of W. Jones of the Religious Tract Society,’ 1857.
* ‘Domesday Book for Wiltshire (translated and edited with notes),’ Bath, 1865.
* ‘Diocesan Conferences,’ 1868.
* ‘Early Annals of the Episcopate in Wilts and Dorset,’ 1871.
* ‘The Life and Times of St. Aldhelm, first Bishop of Sherborne (A.D. 705–9),’ Bath, 1874.
* ‘On the Names of Places in Wiltshire’ (n.d.)
* ‘An Account of the Saxon Church of St. Laurence, Bradford-on-Avon,’ Bath, 1878.
* ‘Canon or Prebendary: a Plea for the Non-Residentiary Members of Chapters’ (a letter to the Dean of Salisbury), 1878.
* ‘Fasti Ecclesiæ Sarusberiensis: a History of the Cathedral Body at Sarum,’ 4to, Salisbury, 1879.
* ‘Annals of the Church of Salisbury, a Diocesan History,’ 16mo, S.P.C.K., 1880.
In conjunction with Canon Dayman, Jones edited the ‘Statutes of Salisbury Cathedral’ (1882). He also edited the ‘Registers of St. Osmund’ for the Rolls series, vol. i. 1883, vol. ii. 1884. At the time of his death he had collected for the Rolls series the ancient documents relating to the diocese and city of Salisbury. He wrote many articles in the ‘Magazine of the Wiltshire Archæological Society,’ of which he was elected vice-president in 1882.
[Oxford Graduates; Oxford Calendars; Salisbury and Winchester Journal, 31 Oct. 1885; Guardian, 4 Nov. 1885; Crockford's Clerical Directory, 1885.]
W. C. S.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.170 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 181 | i | 17 f.e. | Jones, William H. R.: for Dagman read Dayman |
| | | 13 f.e. | for 1863 read 1883 and for 1864 read 1884 |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jopling, Joseph Middleton

​JOPLING, JOSEPH MIDDLETON (1831–1884), painter, born in 1831, was son of Joseph Jopling, a clerk in the horse guards, Whitehall, and occupied a similar position from the age of seventeen for some years. Though self-taught, he was a clever painter in water-colours, and in 1859 was elected an associate of the New Society of Painters in Water-Colours, but resigned in 1876. Jopling was an active member of the 3rd Middlesex Volunteers, and distinguished himself frequently in the National Rifle competitions at Wimbledon, winning the queen's prize in 1861. He was employed officially to make drawings of the queen reviewing the troops. At the time of the Philadelphia International Exhibition, Jopling acted as director of the fine art section. He was a frequent exhibitor at the Royal Academy and other exhibitions, sending many historical or domestic pictures and also pictures of flowers and fruit. At Liverpool there is a picture by him, ‘Starry Eyes,’ in the permanent collection. Jopling was one of the earliest members of the Arts Club, Hanover Square. He died in December 1884. He married in 1874 Louise Goode (now Mrs. Rowe), herself an artist of distinction, by whom he left one son.
[Private information.]
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jones, William Ellis

​JONES, WILLIAM ELLIS (1796–1848), Welsh poet, whose bardic name was Gwilym Cawrdaf, born on 9 Oct. 1796 at Tyddyn Sion in the parish of Abererch, Carnarvonshire, was the second son of Ellis and Catherine Jones. His father was then a fuller, but subsequently became a schoolmaster. William after working as a journeyman printer at Dolgelly and Carnarvon, removed to London in 1817. About this time he studied landscape-painting, and soon after accompanied a gentleman to France and Italy in the capacity of a draughtsman. On his return to England he carried on the business of a photographer at Bath and Bristol, but after an illness returned to Wales, and resumed the occupation of printer. In January 1824 he entered the office of ‘Seren Gomer’ at Carmarthen, but subsequently worked for the Rev. Josiah T. Jones, first at Merthyr, then at Cowbridge (1836–8), and finally at Carmarthen. He was for many years a lay preacher among the Wesleyans, and while at Cowbridge was editor of, and chief contributor to, ‘Y Gwron Odyddol,’ the monthly organ of the Welsh Oddfellows. He died at Carmarthen on 27 March 1848, and was buried in St. Peter's churchyard.
Jones was the author of at least eleven odes (‘awdlau’), besides several other shorter poems written according to the rules of Welsh assonance, and he won the bardic chair at the Brecon Eisteddfod in 1822. A short lyrical poem entitled ‘Nos Sadwrn’ (‘Saturday Night’) and his ode ‘Hiraeth Cymro am ei wlad’ (‘The Welshman's longing for his home’) are full of a nervous tender feeling. He was also the author of a religious allegory of high merit, called ‘Y Bardd, neu y Meudwy Cymreig,’ Carmarthen, 1830, 12mo. He contributed largely to ‘Hanes y Nef a'r Ddaear,’ Carmarthen, 1847–8, and translated into Welsh Williams's ‘Missionary Enterprises,’ Carmarthen, 12mo. A collected edition of his poetical works was published in 1851, under the title of ‘Gweithoedd Cawrdaf … jn cynwys Gwyddfa y Bardd …’ (Carnarvon, 8vo), to which is appended a reprint of ‘Y Meudwy Cymreig.’ A portrait of the poet and a memoir by his brother, Ellis Jones of Carnarvon, are prefixed.
[J. T. Jones's Geiriadur Bywgraffyddol, ii. 146–147; memoir prefixed to Gweithoedd Cawrdaf … ut supra; Williams's Eminent Welshmen, p. 268; Foulkes's Enwogion Cymru, pp. 113, 114.]
D. Ll. T.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lushington, Henry

​LUSHINGTON, HENRY (1812–1855), chief secretary to the government of Malta, was born at Singleton, Lancashire, 13 April 1812. His father, Edmund Henry Lushington, of Queens' College, Cambridge, B.A. 1787, M.A. 1790, was called to the bar at the Inner Temple, 3 May 1793, became a puisne judge at Ceylon, chairman of the colonial audit board, master of the crown office, a bencher of his inn, and died at Park House, Maidstone, in 1839. The second son, Henry, was educated at the Charterhouse, 1823–8, and at the age of fifteen was at the head of the school. He became a student of Trinity College, Cambridge, in October 1829. In 1832, and again in 1833, he obtained the Porson university prize for Greek iambics. In 1834 he graduated B.A. as senior optime and with a first class in the classical tripos, and he proceeded M.A. in 1837. He was elected a fellow of his college in 1836. Called to the bar at the Inner Temple on 20 Nov. 1840, he went the home circuit.
Lushington was one of the earliest and most zealous admirers of Tennyson's youthful genius. In 1841 he made the poet's personal acquaintance, and the dedication of ‘The Princess’ to Lushington in 1847 commemorates the cordial intimacy which followed. Lord Grey in 1847 appointed him chief secretary to the government of Malta, and in 1849 he brought forward the proposed code of laws before the newly elected legislative council. Although in weak health he remained at his post till 1855, when he left for a visit to England. He died on the journey at Paris, 11 Aug. 1855, and was buried at Boxley, Kent.
He was the author of: 1. ‘Julius Cæsar,’ act ii. sc. 2; ‘Richard II,’ act iii. sc. 2; with Greek versions. Printed in ‘Prolusiones Academicæ,’ Cambridge, 1828. 2. ‘Fellow Commoners and Honorary Degrees,’ 1837. 3. ‘A Great Country's Little Wars, or England, Affghanistan, and Sinde,’ 1844. 4. ‘The Broad and Narrow Gauge,’ 1846. 5. ‘Fallacies of the Broken Gauge,’ 1846, two editions. 6. ‘A Detailed Exposure of the Apology put forth by the Neapolitan Government in Reply to the Charges of Mr. Gladstone,’ 1851. 7. ‘The ​Double Government, the Civil Service, and the Indian Reform Agitation,’ 1853. With his brother, F. Lushington, he wrote: 8. ‘La Nation Boutiquière, and other Poems,’ 1855. 9. ‘Two Battle-Pieces’ in Verse, 1855. 10. ‘The Italian War, 1848–49. By H. Lushington. With a biographical Preface by G. S. Venables,’ 1859. With George Stovin Venables he wrote a small book of verses, entitled: 11. ‘Joint Compositions;’ privately printed 1840.
G. C. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lutterell, John

1904 Errata appended.
​LUTTERELL, JOHN (d. 1335), theologian, was a doctor of divinity at Oxford, and became chancellor of the university in 1317. Early in 1318 he went to the Roman court at Avignon, apparently in reference to the dispute between the university and the Dominicans, being furnished for this purpose with commendatory letters from the king. His disputations are said to have given him a great reputation at the Roman court. In January 1319 he received the prebend of Axford at Salisbury. He resigned the chancellorship at Oxford in 1323 through a dispute in which be became involved with the masters and scholars on the subject of nominalism and realism. Lutterell purposed to leave England, but was forbidden by a royal order, lest be should bring the university into ill-repute abroad. Lutterell is said to have gone to the Roman court, again in 1329. He received the prebend of Knaresborough, Yorkshire, in 1334, and died at Avignon on 17 July 1335.
Lutterell enjoyed a great reputation as a theologian, philosopher, and mathematician. He is said to have written:
* ‘Epistola magistri Johannis Lutterell, Anglici, doctoris sacre theologie, ad quendam D. et curie Romane disputantem [perhaps John Baconthorpe [q. v.],] de visione faciali.’ Inc. ‘Seipsum attencius supplicastis’ in a collection of tracts on the Beatific Vision in MS. Univ. Lib. Cambridge, Ii, iii. 10, ff. 91–5 a. Tanner makes two treatises of this letter.
* ‘Determinationes contra Ockhamum.’
* ‘In Vesperiis Magistrorum.’
* ‘Prælectiones Oxonienses.’
Louis Jacob's MS. ‘Bibliotheca Carmelitana’ improbably represents Lutterell as a Carmelite. Bale does not include him in his ‘Heliades’ (Harl. MSS. 3838, 1819).
[Bale, v. 56; Tanner Bibl. Brit.-Hib. p. 489; C. de Villiers's Bibl. Carmelitana, ii. 43; Wood's Hist. and Antiq. Univ. Oxford, i. 391, 404–5, ed. Gutch; Le Neve's Fasti, iii. 196, 464; Maxwell Lyte's Hist. Univ. Oxford, pp. 111, 130.]
C. L. K.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.187 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 296 | i | 26-31 | Lutterell, John: for Lutterell purposed to leave . . . in 1329. read An enquiry was held at York, but was not settled much in his favour (Raine, Letters from Northern Registers). Bishop G-randison recommended him to Pope John XXL on 22 Feb. 1329. Lutterell was back in England by 12 Oct. 1829, and Grandison then next year recommended him for preferment, without much success (Reg. Grandison, i. 103, 234, 247). |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Luscombe, Michael Henry Thornhill

​LUSCOMBE, MICHAEL HENRY THORNHILL (1776–1846), bishop, born in 1776, was son of Samuel Luscombe, physician at Exeter, his mother being a collateral descendant of Sir James Thornhill [q. v.] He was educated at Exeter grammar school and at Catharine Hall, Cambridge, where he graduated B.A. 1798 and M.A. 1805. He was curate at Clewer, Windsor, and from 1806 to 1819 was master of the East India Company's school at Hertford, holding also the curacy of St. Andrew's in that town. Walter Farquhar Hook [q. v.] was one of his pupils at Hertford, and became an intimate friend. On 20 Jan. 1810 he was incorporated M.A. of Oxford, joining Exeter College, and proceeding B.C.L. 1 Feb. 1810, and D.C.L. two days later. In 1819 he removed to Caen, and subsequently to Paris. In 1824 Canning determined to appoint Luscombe embassy chaplain at Paris, and general superintendent at the same time of the scattered English congregations on the continent. But he soon afterwards assented to a proposal made originally by Luscombe's old pupil Hook, that the bishops of the Scottish episcopal church should consecrate Luscombe to a continental bishopric, and accordingly on 20 March 1825 Luscombe was consecrated at Stirling. In the course of the same year he assumed the office of chaplain at Paris. This post he retained till his death, and in lieu of the room at the embassy or the French protestant Oratoire in which the services had been held, he erected in 1834, in great part at his own cost, a church in the Rue d'Aguesseau (Moniteur, 29 April 1834). He officiated at Thackeray's marriage in Paris in 1836 (Athenæum, 18 Oct. 1890).
Luscombe held high church principles. He was one of the founders in 1841 of the ‘Christian Remembrancer.’ He died suddenly of heart disease at Lausanne, 24 Aug. 1846, and was buried at La Sallaz cemetery. He married the daughter of Henry Harmood, commissioner of the navy, by whom he had a son (who predeceased him) and two daughters. He left a bequest for divinity scholarships at Glenalmond College, Perthshire (Gent. Mag. 1847, i. 66).
He published: 1. ‘Sermon on Adultery,’ Lond. 1801. 2. ‘Sermons from the French’ (translations), 1825. 3. ‘The Church of Rome compared with the Bible, the Fathers of the Church, and the Church of England,’ 1839. This was translated into French, in which language also a reply appeared in 1842 by A. Zeloni. 4. ‘Pleasures of Society,’ a poem (anon.)
[Gent. Mag. 1846, ii. 440; Galignani's Messenger, 1 Sept. 1846; Lausanne registers; Foster's Alumni Oxon.; Stephens's Life of Dean Hook, 1878.]
J. G. A.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lupton, William

​LUPTON, WILLIAM (1676–1726), divine, born at Bentham, Yorkshire, on 1 June 1676, was son of Thomas Lupton, rector there. He matriculated at Queen's College, Oxford, on 30 March 1694, and graduated B.A. 1697, M.A. 1700, B.D. 1708–9, and D.D. 1711–12. He was elected fellow of Lincoln College in 1698, and for a short time was curate at Avening, Gloucestershire, to George Bull [q. v.], afterwards bishop of St. David's, through whose influence, in all probability, he became rector of Richmond, Yorkshire, in 1705. Resigning Richmond the next year, he was appointed lecturer of St. Dunstan's-in-the-West, London, and in 1714 preacher of Lincoln's Inn, and afternoon preacher at the Temple. On 13 Sept. 1715 he was presented to the ninth prebendal stall in Durham Cathedral. He died at Tunbridge Wells, Kent, on 13 Dec. 1726, and was buried there. A portrait, engraved by Vertue, is prefixed to the edition of twelve of his sermons published in 1729. Lupton was a good preacher, and printed a number of single sermons. He was notable for his championship of the doctrine of eternal punishment. Tillotson preached a sermon on this subject before the queen on 7 March 1689–90, and was said, though wrongly, to have explained away the old doctrine, for, the nonjurors hinted, the comfort of Queen Anne. Lupton upheld the orthodox view, in a sermon preached before the university of Oxford on 24 Nov. 1706 (published at London in 1708). Hickes, Kettlewell, Whiston, and others took part in the controversy (cf. Tobias Swinden's Enquiry into the Nature and Place of Hell, 1714, 1727, Supplement).
[Noble's Contin. of Granger's Biog. Hist. iii. 109; Foster's Alumni Oxon. 1500–1714; Birch's Life of Tillotson, pp. 217–19; Nelson's Life of Bull; Hist. Reg. vol. xi. 13 Dec.; Le Neve's Fasti Eccles. Angl. iii. 317.]
W. A. J. A.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lushington, Stephen (1803-1877)

​LUSHINGTON, Sir STEPHEN (1803–1877), admiral, second son of Sir Henry Lushington, bart., by his wife, Fanny Maria, eldest daughter of Matthew Lewis, under-secretary at war, was born on 12 Dec. 1803. Dr. Stephen Lushington (1782–1873) [q. v.] was his uncle. He entered the navy in 1816 on board the Tagus frigate, with Captain (afterwards Sir) James Whitley Deans Dundas [q. v.], in the Mediterranean. From 1817 to 1821 he was with the Hon. Robert Cavendish Spencer [q. v.] in the Ganymede and Owen Glendower on the Mediterranean and South American stations. He was afterwards in the Hind, also in the Mediterranean, with the Hon. Henry John Rous [q. v.], and in her boats was actively employed in the suppression of piracy in the Archipelago till promoted to be lieutenant on 13 July 1824. In 1825 he was lieutenant of the Zebra sloop, and in 1826–7 of the Cambrian frigate, in which he was present at the battle of Navarino on 20 Oct. 1827. Three days later he was moved by Sir Edward Codrington [q. v.] into his flagship, the Asia, from which, on 13 May 1828, he was promoted to command the Ætna bomb. In her he had a distinguished part in the reduction of Kastro Morea on 30 Oct. 1828, for which he was especially complimented by the French admiral in command, and was nominated a chevalier of the orders of St. Louis and the Redeemer of Greece. On 28 Oct. 1829 he was posted, but had no employment till 19 Jan. 1839, when he was appointed to the Cleo​patra of 26 guns, fitting for the West Indies. His health broke down, and after a long illness he was invalided home in November 1840. In 1845–6 he commanded the Retribution on the home station, and in 1847–8 the Vengeance on the home station and in the Mediterranean. From her in November 1848 he was appointed superintendent of the Indian navy, an office which he held till 1852. In July 1852 he commissioned the Albion for service in the Mediterranean, and was still in her when the Russian war broke out in 1854.
At the beginning of the siege of Sebastopol Lushington was landed in command of the naval brigade, with the brilliant services of which his name was throughout most closely associated. He was nominated a K.C.B. on 5 July 1855, an officer and a commander of the Legion of Honour, and was decorated with the order of the Medjidie, 2nd class. On 4 July 1855 he was promoted to be rear-admiral, and from 1862 to 1865 he was lieutenant-governor of Greenwich Hospital. On resigning that appointment he was promoted to be vice-admiral (1 Oct. 1865), being, however, placed on the list according to his original seniority, between April and October 1862. On 2 Dec. 1865 he was advanced to the rank of admiral, and on 13 March 1867 was nominated a G.C.B. He died at Oak Lodge, Thornton Heath, Surrey, on 28 May 1877. He married in 1841 Henrietta, eldest daughter of Rear-admiral Henry Prescott, and left issue. Lady Lushington died in 1875.
[Marshall's Roy. Nav. Biog. x. (vol. iii. pt. ii.) 88; O'Byrne's Nav. Biog. Dict.; Times, 31 May 1877; Army and Navy Gazette, 2 June 1877.]
J. K. L.