OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cantelupe, Simon

Simon d'Ételan in the ODNB.
​CANTELUPE, SIMON, called Le Norman (d. 1249), chancellor, was sent to Rome by Henry III to quash the election of Ralph Neville to the see of Winchester in 1238. The same year, on the removal of Neville (Dunstable Annals, 152), he was made chancellor, and was also collated to the archdeaconry of Norwich. In 1239 he ​was one of those who received the young Edward from the font. The same year, in consequence of his refusal to consent to the king's demand of a tax on every sack of wool sent to Flanders from England for Thomas, count of Flanders, he was deprived of the seal and banished from court. In 1240 he was deprived of his archdeaconry and all his preferments but one. Paris speaks of his power at one time being so great that he disposed of all things at his nod, but that he excited general dislike by his austerity and pride. When at Rome in 1240 he spoke violently against the English character before the pope. He died in 1249.
H. R. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cantelupe, William de (d.1254)

​CANTELUPE, WILLIAM de, third Baron Cantelupe (d. 1254), succeeded his father, William, the second baron [q. v.], in 1251, though the king is described as treating him with harshness. By his marriage with Eva, one of the heiresses of William de Braose, he obtained the honour of Bergavenny, and is said by some writers to have been summoned to parliament as Baron Bergavenny. He was in Gascony with the king in 1253. He died in 1254 and was buried at Studley, Simon de Montfort being one of those who laid him in the grave. By his widow, Eva (d. 1255), he had a son, George [q. v.]
[Dunstable Annals, 192, 194, 196; Matt. Paris, v. 224, 463; Dugdale's Baronage; Nicolas's Peerage, ed. Courthope.]
H. R. L.
# Czechoslovak Stories/Jan Klecanda

* related portals: Czech literature.
* related authors: Jan Klecanda (1855-1920).
JAN KLECANDA
(Born March 5, 1855, in Prague.)
Among the newspaper men of Bohemia who have become prolific story writers is Jan Klecanda, who for a long period of years has been in the service of the Czech minority in the northern part of Bohemia where the German population has steadily increased through systematic efforts to dispossess the native Czechs.
He is a productive writer who has to his credit twenty-one volumes of novels, sketches and short stories chiefly depicting life among the laboring classes and the nationalistic struggles of the Czechs against the Teutons in the territory adjacent to the northern boundary.
Mr. Klecanda has had the opportunity of observing acutely the methods of Germanization practiced in the borderland of his own country, which was systematically invaded by those who sowed propaganda through the agency of industrial enterprises on purchased lands. Often he saw children alienated from their parents and taught to scorn their native tongue by the enforced substitution in the north Bohemian districts of the German for the Czech language. The accompanying story “For the Land of His Fathers” (Za Půdu Otců) ​is taken from the collection entitled “Tvrdé Hlavy” (Stubborn Heads), which has enjoyed much popularity.
Other collections of stories ranging from tragedy and pathos to gentlest humor are: “Mezi Víry a Skalisky” (Among Whirlpools and Cliffs); “Hrdinové Malých Románů” (Heroes of Small Romances); “Vojáci v Miru” (Warriors of Peace); “Na Bojišti” (On the Battle Field), the last two of which went through several editions.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
The longest-living author of this work died in 1948, so this work is in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 75 years or less. This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Czechoslovak Stories/Ignát Herrman

* related portals: Czech literature.
* related authors: Ignát Herrmann.
IGNÁT HERRMAN
(Born August 12, 1854, in Chotěboř.)
Herrman worked himself up from a lowly grocer apprenticeship through the gradations of lawyer’s copyist, commercial traveler, business manager, court reporter to the position of editor of a prominent Prague newspaper. In each of these spheres he had ample opportunity to study the life of Prague, and it is in his faithful presentation of figures in the Bohemian capital that he is at his best. While he draws faithfully -even to their slang—the rougher quarters of the city, he is an artist and not a mere photographer or phonograph record. His short stories of character and incident breathe an underlying understanding of human nature and the sympathy of a true member of brotherhood of man. In all his works, the touch of quiet humor which his public always enjoyed, for it is seldom tinged with sarcasm, was never lacking. Oddly enough, his only somber work, “U Snědeného Krámu” (The Ruined Shop), detailing the downfall of a Prague shop-keeping family, is adjudged to be his best, though two humorous novels, “Otec Kondelík a Ženich Vejvara” (Father Kondelík and Suitor Vejvara” and its sequel “Tchán Kondelík a Zeť Vejvara” ​(Father-in-law Kondelík and Son-in-law Vejvara) went through several editions. His collections of short stories which are most widely read are “Pražské Figurky” (Prague Types); “Drobní Lidé” (Insignificant People); “Z Pražských Zákoutí” (From Prague Nooks) and “Bodří Pražané” (Gay Praguers).
The story selected is from his “Drobní Lidé” and was written in 1885. The title refers to an actual author, Madame Rettigová, who published several novels and also a practical “Domácí Kuchařka” (Home Cook-Book).
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
The longest-living author of this work died in 1948, so this work is in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 75 years or less. This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Gilbert, Richard

​GILBERT, RICHARD (1794–1852), printer and compiler, was born in St. John's Square, Clerkenwell, London, in 1794. His father, Robert Gilbert, who died 10 Jan. 1815, aged 51, was a printer, and a partner in the firm of Law & Gilbert of St. John's Square, the successors to a very old-established house. The son, Richard, commenced life as an accountant of the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge in Bartlett's Buildings, but on the death of his father joined his brother Robert, who died in 1818, as a printer at St. John's Square. His business became much enlarged after his marriage, 11 Sept. 1823, with Anne, only daughter of the Rev. George Whittaker of Northfleet, and sister of George Byrom Whittaker, bookseller and publisher, and sheriff of London in 1823. On the death of his brother-in-law, 13 Dec. 1847, Gilbert and his family acquired a very considerable fortune, and his only son, Robert Gilbert, succeeded to his uncle's share in the business as a wholesale bookseller and publisher. In 1830 Richard Gilbert, who had since his brother's death carried on the printing business alone, took into partnership William Rivington, youngest son of Charles Rivington, bookseller, Waterloo Place, and under the style of Gilbert & Rivington continued the establishment until his death. He wrote and published in 1829 the ‘Liber Scholasticus: an Account of Fellowships, Scholarships, and Exhibitions at Oxford and Cambridge, and of Colleges and Schools having University advantages attached to them or in their patronage.’ A second edition of this book appeared, which was entitled ‘The Parent's School and College Guide,’ 1843. He compiled and edited ‘The Clerical Guide or Ecclesiastical Directory,’ 1817; second edition, 1822; third edition, 1829; fourth and last edition, 1836. The compiler's name appears on the title-page of the third edition. This work gives a complete account of the prelates and beneficed clergy in England and Wales, and was the predecessor of the annual ‘Clergy List,’ which made its appearance in 1841. He also projected and edited ‘The Clergyman's Almanack,’ 1818, and ‘Gilbert's Clergyman's Almanack and Churchman's Miscellany,’ 1835, both published by the Company of Stationers. He was attached to the church of England, and was mainly instrumental in the erection of St. Philip's and St. Mark's churches in the neighbourhood of Clerkenwell. In 1841 he was elected one of the stockkeepers of the Company of Stationers. He was for many years one of the general committee, and finally one of the auditors, of the Royal Literary Fund for the Relief of Authors, and was an active governor of Christ's and St. Bartholomew's Hospitals. He died at 70 Euston Square, London, 26 Feb. 1852, aged 58, and was buried in the vaults of St. John's Church, Clerkenwell, on 4 March.
[Gent. Mag. May 1852, pp. 525–6; Pink's Clerkenwell (1881), pp. 330, 691, 693.]
G. C. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Gilbert, Joseph Francis

​GILBERT, JOSEPH FRANCIS (1792–1855), painter, born in 1792, took up art amidst great family difficulties. In 1813 he was residing at High Street, Portsmouth, and exhibited at the Royal Academy a ‘Landscape and Figures.’ In 1814 he sent ‘The Rustic Traveller crossing the Style,’ and occasionally exhibited in the following years. Subsequently he removed to Sussex, and resided for many years at Chichester. He continued to exhibit at the British Institution, Suffolk Street, Royal Manchester Institution, and other exhibitions, principally views in Sussex. Some of his works have been engraved, including ‘A View of the Ruins of Cowdray’ (by T. Clark), ‘Priam winning the Gold Cup,’ ‘The Goodwood Race-course,’ &c. In 1847 he was a competitor at Westminster Hall with an oil-painting of ‘Edwin and Emma’ from Mallet's poem. He died 25 Sept. 1855, in his sixty-fourth year.
[Redgrave's Dict. of Artists; Graves's Dict. of Artists, 1760–1880; catalogues of exhibitions.]
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Gilbert, Samuel

​GILBERT, SAMUEL (d. 1692?), floriculturist, was chaplain to Jane, wife of Charles, fourth baron Gerard of Gerard's Bromley, and rector of Quatt, Shropshire. In 1676 he published a pamphlet entitled ‘Fons Sanitatis, or the Healing Spring at Willowbridge in Staffordshire, found out by … Lady Jane Gerard,’ London, 12mo, pp. 40, some of the cures recorded in which work are attested by himself. It has therefore been suggested that he also practised as a physician (Journal of Horticulture, 1876, p. 172). He married Minerva, daughter of John Rea [q. v.], of whom he speaks as the greatest of florists; and, as his own writings contain many verses, it has been suggested that he also composed those in Rea's ‘Flora, Ceres, and Pomona,’ 1676. Gilbert seems to have lived with his father-in-law at Kinlet, near Bewdley, and after the death of the latter, in 1681, published the ‘Florist's Vademecum and Gardener's Almanack,’ 1683, subsequent editions of which appeared in 1690, 1693, 1702, and 1713. This little work is arranged according to the months, and to the second edition are added various appendices and a portrait of the author, engraved by R. ​White, which was reproduced in the ‘Journal of Horticulture’ (loc. cit.). Gilbert had one son, Arden, and four or five daughters. The date of his death is uncertain.
G. S. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Gilbert, Nicolas Alain

​GILBERT, NICOLAS ALAIN (1762–1821), catholic divine, born at St. Malo in Britanny in 1762, became parish priest of Saint-Pern. During the French revolution he was several times imprisoned, and narrowly escaped with his life. On coming to England he was stationed at Whitby, Yorkshire, where he established a mission. After the ​restoration of Louis XVIII in 1815 he returned to France, and became noted for his zeal in preaching missions in that country. He attacked with much force the doctrines of the revolution. He died in Touraine on 25 Sept. 1821. His works are:
* ‘A Vindication of the Doctrine of the Catholic Church on the Eucharist,’ London, 1800, 12mo.
* ‘An Enquiry if the Marks of the True Church are applicable to the Presbyterian Churches,’ Berwick, 1801, 12mo.
* ‘The Catholic Doctrine of Baptism proved by Scripture and Tradition,’ Berwick, 1802, 12mo.
* ‘A Reply to the False Interpretations that John Wesley has put on Catholic Doctrines,’ Whitby, 1811, 12mo.
* ‘The Method of Sanctifying the Sabbath Days at Whitby, Scarborough, &c. With a Paraphrase on some Psalms,’ 2nd edition, prepared by the Rev. George Leo Haydock [q. v.], York, 1824, 12mo.
* Many poems and hymns which have not appeared in a collected form.
[Biog. Universelle, Supplément, 1838, lxv. 332; Gillow's Haydock Papers, 223, 225, 228; Nouvelle Biog. Générale, xx. 503; Gillow's Bibl. Dict. ii. 465, and Additions, p. xv.]
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Gilbert, John (fl.1680)

1904 Errata appended.
​GILBERT, JOHN (fl. 1680), son of John Gilbert of Salisbury, was born in 1659, entered Hart Hall, Oxford, as a commoner early in 1674, where he graduated B.A. on 16 Oct. 1677, and M.A. 25 June 1680 (Wood, Fasti, Bliss, ii. 360, 372), afterwards took holy orders, and was vicar of St. John Baptist's Church, Peterborough. He published:
* ‘Answer to the Bishop of Condom (now of Meaux), his Exposition of the Catholic Faith, &c., wherein the Doctrine of the Church of Rome is detected, and that of the Church of England expressed,’ &c. London, 1686, 4to; with which was printed.
* ‘Reflections on his Pastoral Letter.’ He has been confounded with an older John Gilbert who was appointed a prebendary of Exeter on 18 March 1674–5.
[Wood's Athenæ Oxon. (Bliss), iv. 794; Noble's Continuation of Granger's Biographical Hist. ii. 118.]
J. M. R.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.135 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 330 | i | 33 | Gilbert, John (fl. 1680): for had a charge in Peterborough read was vicar of St. John the Baptist in Peterborough |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Gilbert, Joseph (1779-1852)

​GILBERT, JOSEPH (1779–1852), congregational divine, born in the parish of Wrangle, Lincolnshire, on 20 March 1779, was son of a farmer who had come under the influence of Wesley. After receiving some education at a free school on the confines of the parishes of Wrangle and Leake, he was apprenticed to a general shopkeeper at Burgh. On the expiration of his term he became assistant in a shop at East Retford, Nottinghamshire, of which he by-and-by became proprietor. Here he began to associate with a small body of congregationalists, for whom he sometimes preached. In 1806 he gave up business and entered Rotherham College. In 1808, at the request of Dr. Edward Williams [q. v.], its principal, he published his first book, a reply to a work by the Rev. William Bennet, entitled ‘Remarks on a recent Hypothesis respecting the Origin of Moral Evil, in a Series of Letters to the Rev. Dr. Williams, the author of that Hypothesis.’ His college course finished, he became minister at Southend, Essex. After a residence of eighteen months there he was appointed classical tutor in Rotherham College. On 8 Dec. 1818 he was ordained pastor of the Nether Chapel, Sheffield, still retaining the tutorship, spending the Sundays and Mondays in Sheffield and the rest of the week at Rotherham. In July 1817 he became minister of Fish Street Chapel, Hull, during his pastorate of which he published, in 1825, a ‘Life of Dr. Williams,’ his old friend and preceptor. In November 1825 he removed to James Street Chapel, Nottingham. A new meeting-house was built for him in April 1828 in Friar Lane, Nottingham, and in this he ministered thenceforth. In 1835 he delivered in London the course of congregational lectures by which he is now best known, entitled ‘The Christian Atonement, its Basis, Nature, and Bearings, or the Principle of Substitution illustrated as applied in the Redemption of Man’ (London, 1836). His health giving way, he resigned his charge in November 1851, and he died on Sunday, 12 Dec. 1852.
He was twice married, in May 1800 to Miss Sarah Chapman, daughter of a surgeon at Burgh, and in December 1813 to Ann, eldest daughter of the Rev. Isaac Taylor of Ongar [see Gilbert, Mrs. Ann].
In addition to the works already mentioned he published during his Rotherham tutorship a sermon on ‘The Power of God in the Soul of Man.’ After his death one of his sons issued ‘Recollections of Discourses’ which he preached in the years of 1848–50, with ‘A Biographical Sketch’ by his widow prefixed (small 8vo, London, 1853).
[Biographical sketch, as above.]
T. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bocfeld, Adam

appears to have duplicated article at Adam of Buckfield
​BOCFELD, ADAM (fl. 1350), a Franciscan writer on Aristotle, who appears to have flourished between 1340 and 1380, wrote commentaries on the books of Aristotle, de Topicis, de Cœlo et Mundo, de Generatione et Corruptione, de Meteoribus, and on the Metaphysics. Manuscripts of all these, save the last, were in the possession of Luke Wadding.
[Wadding's Script. Ord. Min. fo. 1; Sbaralea's Supplementum ad Scriptores, fo. 1; Tanner's Bibl. Brit. 137.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bock, Eberhardt Otto George von

​BOCK, EBERHARDT OTTO GEORGE von (d. 1814), baron, a major-general in the British army, was descended from an old military family, and entered the Hanoverian cavalry about the year 1781. His name appears as a premier-lieutenant in the 6th Hanoverian dragoons in 1789, and as rittmeister (captain) in 1800. On the dissolution of the Hanoverian army after the convention of Lauenburg, Bock was one of the officers who came to England, where he raised four troops of heavy cavalry, which became the 1st dragoons, King's German legion, of which he was gazetted colonel 21 April 1804. The regiment was formed at Weymouth, and was a particular favourite of George III. Bock served at its head in the expedition to Hanover in 1805; also in Ireland, whither it was sent after its return home. From Ireland Bock, who had attained the rank of major-general in 1810, proceeded to the Peninsula in 1811 in command of a brigade composed of the two heavy cavalry regiments of the legion, with which he made the subsequent campaigns in Spain and the south of France in 1812-13. The steadiness and gallantry of Bock's heavy Germans often won approval, particularly on 23 July 1812, the day after the victory at Salamanca, when in a charge, which by the enemy's own admission was the most brilliant cavalry affair that occurred during the whole war, they attacked, broke, and made prisoners three entire battalions of French infantry. With one of his sons, Captain L. von Bock, and some other officers. Bock was lost in the Bellona transport, on the Tulbest rocks, on 21 Jan. 1814, on a voyage from Passages to England. His body was washed on shore at the little Breton village of Pleubian (arrondissement of Paimpol), where it was recognised and interred.
[Gross-Britt. u. Braunschw.-Lunenburg Staats-Kalendar. 1780-1803; Beamish's Hist. German Legion (1832-7); Foy's Histoire de la Guerre de la Péninsule, i. 290; Alison's Hist. of Europe, x. 367-8].
H. M. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bobart, Jacob (1599-1680)

​BOBART or BOBERT, JACOB (1599–1680), the elder, botanist, was born at Brunswick in 1599, and in 1632 was appointed superintendent of the Oxford Physic Garden on its foundation by the Earl of Danby in that year. In 1648 he published an anonymous catalogue, in alphabetical order, of sixteen hundred plants then under his care ('Catalogus plantarum horti medici Oxoniensis, scil. Latino-Anglicus et Anglico-Latinus'); this was revised in 1658 in conjunction with his son [see Bobart, Jacob, the younger], Dr. Philip Stephens, and William Brown. Very little seems to be known of his life, save a few stray hints, such as Granger's statement that 'on rejoicing days he used to have his beard tagged with silver,' and that a goat followed him instead of a dog. He died on 4 Feb. 1679-80 at the garden house, and was buried in the churchyard of St. Peter in the East, where there is a tablet to his memory. His will was dated 2 Nov. 1677, and was proved at the Oxford registry; in it he desired to be buried near his dear wife Mary. He left houses to his sons Jacob and Tilleman (or Tillemant), and mentions a deceased son Joseph; he left legacies also to six daughters, his second wife Ann being residuary legatee. The following portraits exist: engraving by 'Bougher, dated 1675; a full length as frontis​piece to 'Vertumnus,' a poem addressed to his son, and another in the 'Oxford Almanac' for 1719.
B. D. J.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bobart, Jacob (1641-1719)

​BOBART, JACOB (1641–1719), the younger, botanist, the younger son of Jacob Bobart (1599-1680), was born at Oxford 2 Aug. 1641, succeeded his father as superintendent of the Physic Garden, and on the death of Dr. Morison in 1683 lectured as botanical professor. In 1699 he brought out the third part of Morison's 'Historia Plantarum,' the second having been issued during the writer's life in 1680, whilst the first was never printed. In Gray's 'Notes on Hudibras' occurs the following: 'Mr. Jacob Bobart, botany professor of Oxford, did about forty years ago (in 1704) find a dead rat in the Physic Garden, which he made to resemble the common picture of dragons by altering its head and tail, and thrusting in taper sharp sticks, which distended the skin on each side till it mimicked wings. He let it dry as hard as possible. The learned immediately pronounced it a dragon, and one of them sent an accurate description of it to Dr. Magliabecchi, librarian to the Grand Duke of Tuscany. Several fine copies of verses were wrote upon so rare a subject; but at last Mr. Bobart owned the cheat. However, it was looked upon as a masterpiece of art, and as such deposited in the museum or anatomy school at Oxford.'
Whilst he held this appointment he formed a hortus siccus according to the fashion of the times in twelve vols. folio, which is kept at the garden. He vainly tried for the post of curator to the Apothecaries' Garden at Chelsea in 1692. Consul William Sherard, who afterwards left his library and an endowment to the Oxford Garden, wrote in July 1719 that Vice-chancellor Shippen had compelled Bobart, 'my old master,' who was then in weak health, to resign the office of botanic professor, Dr. E. Sandys receiving the post. He says: 'I am surprised the vice-chancellor hath obliged Mr. Bobart to resign his place . . . they ought to have let him spend the short remainder of his time in the garden.' He died on 28 Dec. 1719, and was buried two days later.
Among the Sherardian letters in the library of the Royal Society are fourteen from Bobart to the consul, and in the 'Sloane MS.,' No. 3343, in the British Museum, are many of Bobart's memoranda of considerable gardening interest. An interleaved copy of Bauhin's 'Pinax,' with copious annotations by Bobart, is in the botanical department of the Natural History Museum at Cromwell Road, and an interleaved copy of the 'Oxford Garden Catalogue,' in the possession of the writer, has a few additions in same handwriting. The genus Bobartia was named in honour of the two Bobarts by Linnæus in the 'Amœnitates Academicæ.'
[Bobart's (H. T.) Biog. Sketch (privately printed), 1884, with a bibliography; Pulteney's Sketches, i. 166, 311-12 (1790); Nichols's Illustrations, i. 341 (the footnote confounds the father and son), 353, 354, 359 (1817); Richardson's Correspondence, 152; Granger's Biog. Hist. England, 2nd ed. i. 89, note (1775).]
B. D. J.