OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Harris, John (1756-1846)

​ ​HARRIS, JOHN (1756–1846), publisher, was born in 1756. At a very early age he was apprenticed to Evans the bookseller, and witnessed in 1773 the affray between Goldsmith and his employer in respect of a libel in the ‘London Packet,’ of which the latter was the publisher. After being with Evans for about fourteen years, he settled as a bookseller at Bury St. Edmunds. Returning shortly afterwards to London, he was successively assistant to Mr. John Murray and Mr. F. Newbery, the publisher, of St. Paul's Churchyard, whose imprint the ‘Gentleman's Magazine’ then bore. On the death of Newbery, in 1780, Harris undertook the management of the business for his widow. On her retirement therefrom he succeeded to it, and in the course of several years amassed an ample fortune. Before his death, which took place at Walworth on 2 Nov. 1846, he took his son into partnership, and the business was afterwards styled Harris & Son. As a publisher he displayed much of the ingenuity and energy of his predecessor, John Newbery, who founded the business in 1740, and during his career he produced many valuable works for young people of an educational nature, as well as others of a lighter kind, employing such authors as Mrs. Trimmer, Mrs. Lovechild, Mrs. Hofland, Isaac and Jeffreys Taylor, and the Abbé Gaultier. He also fully maintained the character of the house as the recognised source of the supply of books for the nursery.
C. W.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Harris, George Francis Robert

​HARRIS, GEORGE FRANCIS ROBERT, third Baron Harris (1810–1872), governor of Madras, grandson of Sir George Harris [q. v.], the first baron, was born at Belmont, Kent, 14 Aug. 1810. His father, William George Harris [q. v.], the second baron, was a general in the army. Harris was educated successively at Eton; at a private tutor's (the Rev. John Shaw, at Potton, Bedfordshire), where he began a lifelong friendship with Charles John Canning, afterwards Earl Canning [q. v.]; and at Oxford, where he matriculated at Merton College 2 Feb. 1829. He soon migrated to Christ Church, where he proceeded B.A. in 1832, and was in later life created D.C.L. (1863). At Christ Church Harris was contemporary with Lords Elgin, Dalhousie, and Canning. After taking his degree Harris fell into delicate health, and resided for some time at Pau, where he received a testimonial from the British residents for services in connection with the work of the church of England. Succeeding to the peerage in 1845, he was sent in the following year to Trinidad as governor. In 1854 he was appointed governor of Madras; during his rule there the police administration underwent thorough reform. Later on the sepoy revolt and its consequences distracted Upper India, and, for a moment, threatened to involve the Deccan in political rebellion (Despatch of Major C. Davidson, dated 2 Aug.) In spite of this serious danger Harris forwarded important reinforcements to his friend Canning, and the Madras fusiliers played a very prominent part in the recovery of Cawnpore and Lucknow.
Trotter describes Harris as ‘an able and fearless ruler in a time of need’ (India under Victoria, ii. 119). In 1859 he returned to England and was made a G.C.S.I. Harris, who had attracted the especial regard of the prince consort, was, by the particular request of the dying prince, made chamberlain to the Princess of Wales on her marriage. Harris was a whig, but did not take an active part in politics; he was for some time deputy-chairman of the London, Chatham, and Dover railway, and died at Belmont, the seat of his family, on 23 Nov. 1872. He was a typical English gentleman, honourable, brave, and manly; somewhat reserved in manner, and faithful to all his duties. He married, 16 April 1850, Sarah, daughter of George Cummins, archdeacon of Trinidad; by her he had one daughter, and an only son, George Robert Canning Harris, who succeeded him, and is now (1894) governor of Bombay.
[Family information; Foster's Peerage; Foster's Alumni Oxon.; Kaye's Hist. of the Sepoy War.]
H. G. K.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Harris, Henry

Same person as Harris, Joseph (?) (fl.1661-1681), according to the ODNB.
​HARRIS, HENRY (d. 1704?), chief engraver to the mint and seal-cutter, was engraver of the public seals throughout the reign of William III, and for a short time under Anne (Wyon, Great Seals of Engl. p. 190). In this office he succeeded East (who worked for James II), and was himself succeeded by John Roos (Cal. Treas. Papers, 1714–19, p. 228). In March 1689–90 he was appointed to the higher office of ‘chief graver of the stamps and irons of the king's mint’ (chief engraver to the mint) in the place of George Bower, lately deceased [see Bower, George, fl. 1681] (ib. 1556–1696, p. 108, under date 19 and 22 March 1689–90; Ruding (Annals of the Coinage, i. 45) dates Harris's appointment as engraver to the mint as early as 1680). Harris declares in his petition for the place to the lords of the treasury (Cal. Treas. Papers, l. c.) that he had been ‘educated in the art’ of die-cutting; but no coins or medals by him are known, and he appears to have exercised a general superintendence at the mint, and to have left the practical part of the work to his assistants. On his appointment the Roettiers were employed to act under him. On 22 May 1696 (ib. 1556–1696, pp. 513, 514) James Roettier is mentioned as his assistant. From 1697 till his death Harris had the able assistance of John Croker [see Croker, John, 1670–1741]. On 2 Feb. 1696–7 a committee of the House of Commons appointed to inquire into the clandestine removal of coin-dies from the Tower reported that though Harris (whom they had examined) was ‘the patent officer, and ought to have the inspection of the dies, yet … Roettier would never suffer him to come into the house where the press and dies were kept’ (J. H. Burn, ‘Memoir of the Roettiers,’ in Numismatic Chronicle, vol. iii.). Harris died before 12 Oct. 1704 (Cal. Treas. Papers, 1702–7, p. 297), at which date ‘the graver's place’ is spoken of as vacant through his decease. His successor, John Croker, was not appointed till 7 April 1705. Walpole calls him ‘Captain’ Harris and confuses him with Joseph Harris (fl. 1661–1699) [q. v.], the actor (Anecdotes of Painting, ed. Wornum, p. 570).
[Calendar of Treasury Papers, &c., cited above.]
W. W.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Carvosso, Benjamin

​CARVOSSO, BENJAMIN (1789–1854), Wesleyan minister, was son of William Carvosso, born near Mousehole, in Mount's Bay, on 11 March 1750, first a fisherman, then a farmer, and afterwards for sixty years a most active class leader and local preacher in the Wesleyan methodist connection, who died at Dowstal, in the parish of Mylor, on 13 Oct. 1834. The son was born in Gluvias parish, Cornwall, on 29 Sept. 1789, and, although brought up by very pious parents, was not converted until his twenty-second year. He was admitted as a probationer by the Wesleyan conference in 1814, and, after labouring for five years as a minister in England, offered himself as a missionary. He arrived in Van Diemen's Land in 1820, being the second minister of the Wesleyan denomination sent to the Australian colonies, and on 18 Aug. introduced methodism into that island by a public service in Hobart Town. It was not long before he proceeded to New South Wales, where, in the towns of Windsor, Sydney, and Paramatta, he passed the next five years of his ministration. He had a high sense of the importance of the press as a means of promoting religion, and in conjunction with his brethren commenced in 1820 the publication of the ‘Australian Magazine,’ the first of its class seen in the colony. In 1825 he removed to Hobart Town; here his labours were arduous; in the pulpit, the prison, the prayer meeting, the class meeting, and the family, he was constantly engaged. Returning to his native land in 1830 he continued in the full discharge of his ministerial duties in various parts of England throughout the remainder of his life. He died at Tuckingmill, Cornwall, on 2 Oct. 1854.
The titles of the works written by him are: 1. ‘The Great Efficacy of Simple Faith, a Memoir of William Carvosso,’ 1835, which passed through many editions. 2. ‘Drunkenness the Enemy of Britain arrested by the Hand of God,’ 1840. 3. ‘An Account of Miss Deborah B. Carvosso,’ 1840. 4. ‘Attractive Piety, or Memorials of William B. Carvosso,’ 1844, several editions.
G. C. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cary, Edward

​CARY, EDWARD (d. 1711), catholic divine, son of John and Lucy Cary, was born at Meldon, Suffolk. He left England in 1646 with the intention of joining some foreign army, but afterwards changed his mind and entered the English college at Rome, where he was ordained priest in 1651. He was then sent back to England on the mission. On the accession of James II he became chaplain-general to his majesty's catholic forces, and after the revolution he was employed in confidential communications with the friends of legitimate monarchy. His death occurred in 1711. He was the author of ‘The Catechist catechized concerning the Oath of Allegiance,’ 1681, 12mo.
[Dodd's Church Hist. iii. 481; Oliver's Catholic Religion in Cornwall, 261; Foley's Records, vi. 368.]
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Carver, Robert

1904 Errata appended.
​CARVER, ROBERT (d. 1791), landscape and scene painter, was a native of Ireland and the son of Richard Carver, an historical and landscape painter of some merit, who painted an altar-piece at Waterford. Robert Carver received instruction from his father, and exhibited several small pictures in water-colours in Dublin with some success. He also painted scenes for the Dublin Theatre, which attracted so much attention that Garrick commissioned him to paint one for Drury Lane Theatre, and eventually invited him to take up his residence in London as scene-painter to that theatre. Carver was a friend of his compatriot, Spranger Barry, and when that actor quarrelled with Garrick, and transferred himself with a rival company to Covent Garden Theatre, Carver followed in his train, and continued to paint scenes for that theatre in conjunction with John Inigo Richards, R.A., and other artists. One of his scenes was known as the ‘Dublin Drop,’ and is described as follows by the painter Edward Dayes: ‘The scene was a representation of a storm on a coast, with a fine piece of water dashing against some rocks, and forming a sheet of foam truly terrific; this, with the barren appearance of the surrounding country, and an old leafless tree or two, were the materials that composed a picture which would have done honour to the first artist, and will be remembered as the finest painting that ever decorated a theatre.’ Besides scene-painting, Carver obtained great success as a landscape-painter, and from 1765 to 1790 exhibited numerous landscapes in oil and water-colours at the exhibitions of the Incorporated Society of Artists. He was a fellow of this society, and in 1772 was appointed director. He also exhibited at the Free Society of Artists, and later on at the Royal Academy. His pictures always excited attention and favourable criticism, and in the newspapers of the time he is spoken of as the ‘ingenious and celebrated Mr. Carver.’ He particularly excelled in atmospheric effects, such as those of the early dawn. Generally the same qualities which brought him so much success in scene-painting were apparent in his smaller pictures. ​ Carver was of a generous and convivial temperament, a free liver, and fond of society. For many years he was a martyr to the gout, and died in Bow Street, Covent Garden, at the end of November 1791.
[Redgrave's Dict. of English Artists; Pasquin's History of Painting in Ireland; Dayes's Professional Sketches of Modern Artists; Sarsfield Taylor's Origin, Progress, &c., of the Fine Arts in Great Britain and Ireland; Somerset House Gazette; Graves's Dict. of Artists, 1760–1880; Edwards's Anecdotes of Painters; Catalogues of the Society of Artists, Royal Academy, &c.; manuscript information in the Print Room, British Museum.]
L. C.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.57 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 238 | ii | 11 f.e. | Carver, Robert: after director insert He was president of the Society of Artists in 1777 |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Carwardine, Penelope

​CARWARDINE, PENELOPE (1730?–1800?), afterwards Mrs. Butler, miniature painter, born about 1730, was the eldest daughter of John Carwardine of Thinghills Court, Withington, Herefordshire, by his wife Anne Bullock of Preston Wynn, in the same parish (Berry, Essex Pedigrees). Her father having ruined the family estates, she took to miniature painting, instructed by Ozias Humphrey, and had acquired her art by 1754. She exhibited at the Society of Artists in 1761, 1762, 1771, 1772 (Graves, Dict. of Artists, p. 42). She was a close friend of Sir Joshua and Miss Reynolds; and among Sir Joshua's works is a portrait of one of her sisters, painted by him as a present for her. Many of her miniatures remain in the possession of her family, together with three portraits of herself; one by Bardwell, 1750; one by a Chinese artist, about 1756; the third by Romney, about 1790. She married Mr. Butler, organist of Ranelagh (Burney, Hist. of Music, iv. 669), and St. Margaret's, and St. Anne's, Westminster (Edwards, Anecd. of Painting, p. 13); after this marriage she relinquished her profession. She died a widow, without issue, about 1800.
[Berry's Essex Pedigrees; Graves's Dict. of Artists, p. 42; Burney's History of Music, iv. 669; Edwards's Anecd. of Painting, p. 13; private information.]
J. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Carwell, Thomas

1904 Errata appended.
​CARWELL, THOMAS (1600–1664), jesuit, whose real name was Thorold, belonged to the ancient Lincolnshire family of Thorold. He was born of protestant parents in 1600, and became a catholic in 1622. After studying in the jesuit college at St. Omer, he entered the English college at Rome in 1629, and in 1633 he was ordained priest. In the latter year he entered the Society of Jesus at St. Andrew's, Rome, and in 1643 he became a professed father. For several years he was employed as professor of philosophy and theology at Liège. In 1647 he was sent to the English mission, and during many years he was missioner in the London district, of which in 1655 he was rector. He was also at one period vice-provincial of his order. His death occurred in London on 9 Aug. 1664. He wrote a bulky controversial work, entitled ‘Labyrinthvs Cantvariensis: or Doctor Lawd's Labyrinth. Beeing an Answer to the late ​Archbishop of Canterbvries Relation of a Conference between himselfe and Mr. Fisher, etc. Wherein the true grounds of the Roman Catholique Religion are asserted, the principall Controuersies betwixt Catholiques and Protestants throughly examined, and the Bishops meandrick windings throughout his whole worke layd open to publique view. By T. C.’ Paris, 1658, fol.
[Foley's Records, v. 609, vi. 324, vii. 774; Southwell's Bibl. Script. Soc. Jesu, 761; Oliver's Jesuit Collections, 67; Backer's Bibl. des Écrivains de la Société de Jésus (1869), 1100.]
T. C.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.57 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 239 | ii | 19-18 f.e. | Carwell, Thomas: for an ancient Lincolnshire family now extinct read the ancient Lincolnshire family of Thorold |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cary, Francis Stephen

​CARY, FRANCIS STEPHEN (1808–1880), artist and art-teacher, was a younger son of the Rev. Henry Francis Cary [q. v.] He was born at Kingsbury in Warwickshire on 10 May 1808, his father being then vicar of that place. He was educated at home, chiefly by his father, and at the age of eighteen became a pupil of Mr. Sass at the Art School in Streatham Street, Bloomsbury. He afterwards became a student at the Royal Academy, and for a short time painted in the studio of Sir Thomas Lawrence, with a view of becoming his pupil; this intention was frustrated by the death of that artist. In 1829 he studied in Paris, and afterwards in Italy and in the Art School at Munich. In 1833, 1834, 1835 he accompanied his father, to whom he was much devoted, in a course of foreign travel each year. In the following years he exhibited several pictures at the exhibitions of the Society of British Artists and others. In 1841 he married Louisa, daughter of Charles Allen Philipps of St. Bride's Hill, Pembrokeshire, and in 1842 he undertook the management of the Art School in Bloomsbury, in which he had formerly studied under Mr. Sass. He continued to exhibit pictures for some years at the Royal Academy and elsewhere, and was a candidate in the Westminster Hall competitions for the decoration of the houses of parliament, held in 1844 and 1847. Cary was best known as the head of the Bloomsbury Art School. This school was founded by Mr. Sass on the model of the school of the Carracci, Bologna, and under his care, and subsequently under Cary's, many of the most prominent painters and sculptors of the day, such as Cope, Millais, Dante Rossetti, Armstead, &c., received their early art education. In 1874 Cary retired to Abinger in Surrey, where he died on 5 Jan. 1880. He left no family. In the early part of his life his continual devotion to his father was the cause of his enjoying much of the literary society of that day. He painted an interesting portrait of Charles Lamb and his sister Mary, now in the possession of Mr. Edward Hughes.
[Times, 9 Jan. 1880; Athenæum, 17 Jan. 1880; Art Journal, 1880, p. 108; Builder, xxxviii. 81; Catalogues of the Exhibitions of the Royal Academy, &c.; Life of the Rev. Henry Francis Cary; information from Mrs. Cary, and from Mr. Eyre Crowe, A.R.A.]
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Humphrey, Pelham

​HUMPHREY, PELHAM (1647–1674), musician. [See Humfrey.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Humphrey, William

​HUMPHREY, WILLIAM (1740?–1810?), engraver and printseller, born about 1740, began life as an engraver. In 1765 he obtained a premium from the Society of Arts for a mezzotint engraving of a portrait of Rembrandt by himself. He engraved portraits in mezzotint, after R. E. Pine; that of John Sturt, the engraver, after William Faithorne; of Colonel Richard King, after Kneller; of Sir William Mannock, after S. Cooper; of Madame Du Barry, from a drawing by B. Wilson, and others. He also etched a few small portraits, and engraved in stipple `Cupid and Psyche' and `Beauty and Time,' from his own drawings, and `The Nativity of Christ,' after J. S. Copley. Later in life Humphrey devoted himself almost entirely to printselling, and made numerous journeys to Holland and elsewhere on the continent, especially collecting English portraits. He became the chief agent for the great private collections of portraits, &c., made about this time. At one time he took C. H. Hodges [q.v.], the engraver, to Amsterdam, where Hodges established himself as an engraver and printseller, and subsequently presented to Humphrey an engraving by himself of ​Humphrey's portrait, from a drawing by Baron Imhoff. Humphrey, according to a trade-card engraved for him by Bartolozzi, was residing in 1785 at 227 Strand. He died probably about 1810, and apparently in pecuniary difficulties.
[Dodd's manuscript Hist. of English Engravers (Brit. Mus. Add. MS. 33402); J. Chaloner Smith's Brit. Mezzotint Portraits; Caulfield's Calcographiana.]
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Humphreys, Henry Noel

​HUMPHREYS, HENRY NOEL (1810–1879), artist, naturalist, and numismatist, born at Birmingham on 4 Jan. 1810, was the son of James Humphreys of that town. He was educated at King Edward's School, Birmingham, and afterwards resided in Italy. He returned to England about 1840. Humphreys was a successful book-illustrator, especially of works of natural history, such as Westwood's 'British Butterflies.' He was also the author of some popular numismatic handbooks, useful in their day. He died at his house, 7 Westbourne Square, London, on 10 June 1879. The following are his principal productions:
* Illustrations for Westwood's 'British Butterflies,' 1841, 4to.
* Illustrations for Loudon's 'British Wild Flowers' [1856], 4to.
* 'Ocean Gardens,' London, 1857, 8vo.
* 'River Gardens,' London,1857,sq.8vo.
* 'The Butterfly Vivarium,' London, 1858, 8vo.
* 'The Genera and Species of British Butterflies,' London [1859], 8vo.
* 'The Genera of British Moths,' London [1860], 8vo.
* 'The Coins of England,' 1846, 8vo.
* 'The Coinage of the British Empire,' London, 1854, 4to.
* 'The Coin-Collector's Manual,' 2 vols (Bohn's Scientific Library), 1847, &c.
* 'Ancient Coins and Medals' (with facsimiles), London, 1850, 4to.
* 'Illuminated Illustrations of Froissart,' 1844, &c., 4to.
* 'The Illuminated Books of the Middle Ages,' 1844-9, fol. (with Owen Jones).
* 'The Art of Illumination and Missal Painting,'1849,8vo.
* 'The Origin and Progress of Art of Writing,' 1853,4to.
* 'A History of the Art of Printing,' 1867, fol.
* 'Stories by an Archæologist,' 1856, 8vo.
[Obituary by J. O. Westwood in Academy for 21 June 1879, p.550; Times, 16 June 1879, p. 12, col. 4; Athenæum, 21 June 1879, p. 800; Brit. Mus. Cat.]
W. W.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Humphrey

​HUMPHREY. [See also Humphry.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Humphreys, David

​HUMPHREYS, DAVID (1689–1740), divine, son of Thomas Humphreys, citizen and leatherseller of London, was born on 20 Jan. 1689, and educated at the Merchant Taylors' School after 1701, and at Christ's Hospital from 1704 till 1707. On 12 Sept. 1707 he was elected to a school exhibition, and was admitted a subsizar of Trinity College, Cambridge, 5 March 1707-8. He became scholar in 1709 and graduated B.A. in 1711, proceeding M.A. 1715, B.D. 1725, and D.D. by royal mandate in 1728. In the struggle with Bentley he ranked as one of the master's friends, and on 8 July 1715 was elected fellow 'provisionally,' the arrangement being that he was to take the place of Miller, Bentley's great opponent, if Miller's fellowship should be subsequently decided by the king to be vacant. The king did nothing in the matter, but a further arrangement was made, 5 Dec. 1719, by which Miller received 400l., in addition to certain other profits, and resigned the fellowship. Humphreys became a major fellow on 2 Jan. 1719-20. In 1716 Humphreys was appointed secretary to the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, and he held this appointment until his death. On 6 Jan. 1730 he became vicar of Ware, and on 30 June 1732 vicar of Thundridge. His fellowship determined in 1733, and he died in 1740.
He wrote:
* 'The Apologeticks of Athenagoras done into English, with notes,' 1714, 8vo.
* 'Antiquity explained and represented in Sculpture,' a translation from Montfaucon, 1721, fol.
* 'An Historical Account of the Incorporated Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts,' 1730, 8vo; partly reprinted in the `Church Review,' vols. iv. and v.
[Robinson's Register of Merchant Taylors' School, ii. 5; Graduati Cantabr.; Rud's Diary; Christ's Hosp. List of Univ. Exhibitioners, p. 27; Monk's Life of Bentley; Middleton's Full and Impartial Account; Cussans's Hertfordshire, i. 153; Cole's Athen. Cantab. (Brit. Mus. Add. MSS.); E. Hawkins's Missions of the Church of England; information from W. Aldis Wright, esq.]
W. A. J. A.