OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The New Student's Reference Work/Peale, Rembrandt

See also Rembrandt Peale on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Peale, Rem′brandt, an American painter, the son of Charles W. Peale, was born in Pennsylvania, Feb. 22, 1778. He painted portraits for awhile at Charleston, S. C., and then went to England and France to study his art. Besides his many portraits, he painted several historical pictures, among them the well-known Roman Daughter; and the Court of Death, Notes on Italy and Port-folio of an Artist, were published by him. He died at Philadelphia, Oct. 3, 1860.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Pear

See also Pear on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​ Pear, a species of Pirus (P. communis) cultivated from Europe, a member of the rose family. It is associated in the same genus with the apple and quince. The tree in form inclines to the pryamidal, otherwise it resembles the apple. The flowers as a rule are white. The peculiarity of the fruit is that the flesh consists of the transformed cup, upon whose rim the sepals, petals and stamens arise. It is often spoken of as the calyx, but it represents a support common to all three of the outer floral organs. This type of fruit, with flesh developed from the part of the flower which surrounds the ovary, is called a pome. The ripened ovary is represented by the core. The pear has been cultivated from the most ancient times, and has reached a high degree of perfection. It is highly regarded as a dessert fruit, and is extensively canned and preserved. It holds fourth place among our orchard-fruits. Particular attention is paid to cultivation in the regions between New England and the Great Lakes, in California and in portions of Oregon and Washington. Almost innumerable varieties have been produced, each with its appropriate name. In a wild or neglected state the branches are more or less thorny, but under cultivation the thorns disappear. For a parasitic fungus that attacks both fruit and foliage Bordeaux mixture is recommended. Borers and the codlin moth are insect enemies that work some damage; the former must be dug out once or twice a year, for the latter arsenical sprays should be used. See Bailey's Cyclopedia of American Horticulture.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Pearl

See also Pearl on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​ Pearl, one of the gems found in certain sea and fresh-water shells. Shells generally are lined by the animals inhabiting them with a material which gives them a smooth surface. It is laid in thin, partly transparent plates, which produce a beautiful play of colors. This lining is called mother-of-pearl or nacre. On opening the shells, there are sometimes found rounded portions of this nacre, which have been formed by throwing layers of this lining material around a grain of sand or a minute vegetable or animal growth. These are the pearls used in trade and worn as ornaments. They vary greatly in size, those about as large as a pea being the best. The largest one known is two inches long and four around. The smallest are called seed-pearls. The value depends upon size, shape, color and freedom from imperfections. The round ones are the best, the button-shaped next and the drop or pear-shaped least. Pearls, when perfectly round and of extraordinary beauty, sell for large sums; the single pearl which Cleopatra is said to have dissolved and swallowed was valued at over $400,000. The finest pearls are found close to the lips of the shell or in the soft part of the oyster near the hinge. The largest pearl fishery in America is that of Lower California, from which come the largest and finest black pearls in the market. The most famous pearls are from the east, especially from the Persian Gulf and from Ceylon. In Ceylon fishing lasts four to six weeks. Each boat has a crew of 13 men and 10 divers, five of whom rest while the other five are diving. The work has to be done very rapidly, as the best divers cannot stay longer than 80 seconds in the water. When a boatload of oysters has been obtained, the cargo is landed and piled on the shore to rot, so that the pearls can be easily found. When washing out the dead animals, a close watch is kept for loose pearls, which are always the finest, while those attached to the shells are removed by pincers or a hammer. In 1889 in 22 days 50 divers brought up 11,000,000 oysters. River-pearls are found in freshwater shells in Scotland, Wales, Ireland, Russia, Germany, Canada, the United States and China. The chief river-pearl fisheries in the United States are in the streams of the Mississippi Valley; in Wisconsin, Iowa, Kentucky, Ohio and Arkansas. The lining of the shells, mother-of-pearl, is used largely in making buttons, knife and fork handles and inlaid work on furniture. See Gems and Precious Stones of North America by Kunz and Pearls and Pearling Life by Streeter.
Courtesy Chicago Academy of Sciences :
SHOWING TOOLS AND STEPS IN MANUFACTURE OF PEARL BUTTONS FROM CLAM SHELLS
# The Odyssey of Homer, with the Hymns, Epigrams, and Battle of the Frogs and Mice/Hymns/Hymn 26

XXVI. TO MINERVA.
I begin to sing Pallas Minerva, a renowned goddess, dark-eyed, of much counsel, possessing an unsoftened heart, a hallowed virgin, guardian of cities, valiant, Tritogenia, whom counselling Jove himself begat from his reverend head, possessing warlike arms of gold, all-gleaming. And reverence seized all the immortals as they beheld; but she hastily leaped forth from the immortal head of Ægis-bearing Jove, brandishing a sharp spear. And mighty Olympus trembled fearfully under the dread dark-eyed [maid], and the earth around shrieked fearfully, and the sea was stirred, troubled with its purple waves. But the brine stood still forthwith, and the glorious son of Hyperon stopped his fleet-footed steeds a long time till the virgin, Pallas Minerva, had taken off her godlike arms from her immortal shoulders; and counselling Jove re- ​joiced. And do thou indeed thus hail, child of Ægis-bearing Jove; but I will be mindful of thee and of another song.
# The Odyssey of Homer, with the Hymns, Epigrams, and Battle of the Frogs and Mice/Hymns/Hymn 27

XXVII. TO VESTA AND MERCURY.
O Vesta, who hast obtained an immortal seat in the lofty dwellings of all, both immortal gods and earth-traversing men, an honour due to age,* possessing a fair privilege and honour. For without thee [are there] no banquets for mortals, where [the host] beginning [the libations], pours out sweet wine to Vesta not first nor last. †And thou, for me, O slayer of Argus, son of Jove and Maia, messenger of the blest, bearer of a golden wand, giver of good things, †ye dwell in beauteous abodes, dear to each other in your minds.† Do thou, being propitious, give aid, with hallowed and beloved Vesta; for ye both, knowing good works, accompany the mind and youth of men upon the earth. Hail, daughter of Saturn, both thou and golden-wanded Mercury; but I will be mindful both of you and of another song.
# The Odyssey of Homer, with the Hymns, Epigrams, and Battle of the Frogs and Mice/Hymns/Hymn 24

XXIV. TO BACCHUS.
I begin to sing ivy-crowned, roving Bacchus, the glorious son of Jove and renowned Semele, whom the fair-haired nymphs, receiving him from his royal sire in their bosoms, nurtured, and brought up assiduously in the valleys of Nyssa. But he grew up under the care of his sire in a fragrant-smelling cave, being numbered among the immortals. But when the goddesses had trained up him of much renown, then indeed he used to go through the woody recesses, thickly crowned with ivy and laurel; but the nymphs followed with him, and he led the way, and noisy possessed the mighty* wood. And do thou thus hail, O many-clustered Bacchus, and grant that we rejoicing may again come round to the seasons, and from the seasons again to many years.
# The Odyssey of Homer, with the Hymns, Epigrams, and Battle of the Frogs and Mice/Hymns/Hymn 25

XXV. TO DIANA.
I sing Diana, of the golden distaff, mistress of the cry, the hallowed virgin, striker of stags, rejoicing in arrows, own sister of golden-sworded Apollo; who, delighting in the chace, ​stretches her bow, sending forth deadly shafts o'er the shadowy mountains and wind-swept summits. And the heads of lofty mountains tremble, and the shady wood re-echoes dreadfully from the noise of beasts, and the earth and fishy sea are stricken with terror. But she, having a valiant heart, turns in all directions, destroying the offspring of wild beasts. But when the arrow-rejoicing watcher of wild beasts has rejoiced herself, and is gladdened in mind, relaxing her well-bent bow, she comes into the mighty dwelling of her dear brother, Phœbus Apollo, into the rich abode of Delphi, having equipped the beauteous quire of muses and graces. Here having hung up her bending bow and arrows, she takes the lead, having beauteous ornaments about her form, leading the dance. But they, emitting an ambrosial voice, hymn fair-ancled Latona, how she brought forth children among the immortals, far the best both in counsel and in deeds. Hail! children of Jove, and fair-haired Latona. But I will be mindful of you and of another song.
* ↑ i. e. of the chace.
* ↑ Ruhnken elegantly reads νευρων, i. e. "at the noise of her bow."
* ↑ The true reading is probably αἵ δ' ἄμβροτον ὄσσαν ἱεῖσαι, from Hesiod, Theog. 43. Hermann.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Minnehaha

See also The Song of Hiawatha on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​MINNEHAHA, mĭn′nē̇-hä′hȧ. The heroine of Longfellow's Indian poem, Hiawatha, who is represented as the daughter of an old arrow-maker. The name Minnehaha (Sioux Mini-haha, ‘laughing water’) is borne by a picturesque cascade, about 50 feet high, in the Minnehaha River, a small stream emptying into the Mississippi at Minneapolis, Minn. It may he mentioned that in Longfellow's work the hero has an Iroquois name, the heroine a Sioux name, while the poem itself is based upon the Ojibwa legends published in Schoolcraft's Algic Researches.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Mionnet, Théodore Edme

Edition of 1905. See also Théodore Edme Mionnet on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
MIONNET, myṓ'nắ', Théodore Edme (1770-1842). A French numismatist, born in Paris, where he studied in the Collège du Cardinal le Moine, and in the Ecole de Droit. After four years of legal practice and a short term in the army, from which he retired because of illness, he became assistant in 1800 in the numismatic cabinet in the Bibliothèque Nationale, and there began to catalogue the collections. He traveled in Italy, made many valuable numismatic finds, and in 1830 was elected to the Academy of Inscriptions. His great works, which still have a distinct scientific value, are Description des médailles antiques, grecques et romaines (1806-30, in 17 vols.) and De la rareté et du prix des médailles romaines (1815; 3d ed. 1847). Consult Walekenaer, Notice historique sur la vie et les ouvrages de M. Mionnet (Paris, 1846).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Minneapolis (Kansas)

See also Minneapolis, Kansas on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​MIN′NEAP′OLIS. A city and the county-seat of Ottawa County, Kan., 127 miles west of Topeka; on the Solomon River, and on the Union Pacific and the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe railroads (Map: Kansas, E 2). It derives considerable trade from the adjacent farming and stock-raising country, and has grain elevators, flour mills, carriage shops, a foundry, etc. Building stone is quarried in the vicinity. There is a public-school library of 3000 volumes. Population, in 1890, 1756; 1900, 1727.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Minnesota River

See also Minnesota River on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​MINNESOTA RIVER. An affluent of the Upper Mississippi (Map: Minnesota, D 6). It rises in the northeastern corner of South Dakota and flows through Big Stone Lake on the boundary between South Dakota and Minnesota, after which it traverses the latter State, first in a southeast direction to Mankato, where it makes a sharp bend, after which it flows northeast, entering the Mississippi opposite Saint Paul and just south of Minneapolis. Its valley is the dividing line between the Big Woods to the north and the prairie regions to the south. It is navigable for steamers 45 miles, and at high water small vessels can ascend it 295 miles, beyond which it is obstructed by falls and rapids. Its total length is 470 miles.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Minor, Robert Crannell

See also Robert Crannell Minor on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
MINOR, Robert Crannell (1840—). An American landscape painter, born in New York City. He studied under Diaz at Barbizon, France, and under Van Luppen and Boulanger in Antwerp, and traveled in Germany and Italy. He was elected to the Society of American Artists and the National Academy of Design. His pictures have been exhibited in New York, Brooklyn, Chicago, and elsewhere in this country, as well as in the Royal Academy of London and salons of Paris and Antwerp. His works include “Dawn,” “Sundown,” “The Stream,” “October Days,” “The Vale of Kennet,” “Edge of the Wood,” “Interior of the Forest,” “Morning in June,” “Sunrise on Lake Champlain,” “Cradle of the Hudson,” “Close of Day,” and “A Mountain Path.”
# The New International Encyclopædia/Minor, Virginia Louisa

See also Virginia Louisa Minor on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
MINOR, Virginia Louisa (1824—). An American woman suffragist, born in Goochland County, Va. She was educated at a seminary in Charlottesville in Virginia, but in 1846 went to live in Saint Louis, Mo., three years after her marriage. She was a nurse during the Civil War, and in 1867 organized the Missouri Woman's Suffrage Association. In 1872 she appealed to the Supreme Court of the United States for woman's right to vote. She was the first woman in this country to take this question to the courts.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Minnedosa

See also Minnedosa, Manitoba on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​MIN′NEDO′SA. A town of Marquette County, Manitoba, Canada, on the Little Saskatchewan River, and on the Manitoba and Northwestern Railway, 135 miles northwest of Winnipeg (Map: Manitoba, J 4). A branch line also connects it with Rapid City, 15 miles south. It ​is the busy centre of a rapidly colonizing agricultural region. Population, in 1891, 614; 1901, 1052.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Yalta

Edition of 1905. See also Yalta on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ YALTA, yäl′tȧ. A district town in the Government of Taurida, South Russia, on the southern coast of the peninsula of the Crimea, 60 miles south of Simferopol (Map: Russia, D 6). It is a well-known sea-bathing resort. Its situation is picturesque. Population, in 1897, 13,269. Yalta is identified with the Galita or the Yalita of the Arabs. It was held by the Genoese in the fifteenth century.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Yankee Doodle

Edition of 1905. See also Yankee Doodle on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​YANKEE DOODLE. A national air of the United States, the origin of which is unknown. The words, which were in derision of the ill-assorted provincial troops, are said to have been written in 1755 by Dr. Schuckburgh, who served as surgeon under General Amherst during the French and Indian War. The original title of the song, not the tune, was The Yankee's Return from Camp, and several versions are extant. The tune passed through various changes. Its historical association has modified criticism of the melody, which is shallow and shrill. It has been ascribed to various countries, but is probably of English birth. It occurs in Samuel Arnold's opera of Two to One (London, 1784), under the name of Yankee Doodle. Consult: Johnson, Our Familiar Songs (New York, 1881); Fitz-Gerald, Stories of Famous Songs (London, 1897).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Yapoo

Edition of 1905. See also the disclaimer.
​YAPOO, yä′po͞o. A tribe of Tierra del Fuego. See Yahgan.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Yam

Edition of 1905. See also Yam (vegetable) on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ YAM (from Sp. ñame, iñame, igname, ignama, Port. inhame, yam, from African nyame, yam), Dioscorea. A genus of mostly East and West Indian plants of the natural order Dioscoreaceæ, distinguished by an inferior ovary and membranous winged fruit. They have herbaceous twining stems, and fleshy roots which in some species are used as food, like potatoes. They contain much starch, and generally become somewhat mealy and pleasant to the taste when boiled. The tubers of all the yams contain an acrid substance, which, however, is dissipated by boiling, except in the species with compound leaves. The winged yam (Dioscorea alata) has roots 1½ to 3 feet long, and often 30 pounds in weight, with a brownish or black skin, juicy and reddish within. They vary exceedingly in form. Small tubers are generally found in the axils of the leaves. This species is the original of most, or perhaps all, of the yams cultivated in tropical Asia, Africa, and America: the common yam of the West Indies (Dioscorea sativa) , which has a round stem and heart-shaped leaves; Dioscorea bulbifera, in which the tubers in the axils of the leaves attain the size of apples; the prickly yam (Dioscorea aculeata), which has a prickly stem, and a fasciculated, tuberous root; Dioscorea globosa, the most esteemed yam of India, which has very fragTant flowers, and roots white internally; Dioscorea rubella, another Indian kind, with tubers sometimes 3 feet long, tinged with red below the skin, etc. The Chinese yam (Dioscorea divaricata) is a perfectly hardy sort. Its edible club-shaped roots descend perpendicularly into the ground from two to three feet, and largely on this account it is little cultivated.
WILD YAM (Dioscorea villosa).
YAM, SWEET POTATO, ETC.
| 1. YAM (Dioscorea alata). | 3. OKRA (Hibiscus esculentus). |
| 2. ASPARAGUS (Asparagus officinalis). | 4. SPINACH (Spinacia oleracea). |
| 5 and 6. SWEET POTATO (Ipomœa Batatas). |||
# The New International Encyclopædia/Yankton

Edition of 1905. See also Yankton, South Dakota on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​YANK′TON. The county-seat of Yankton County, S. D., 61 miles northwest of Sioux City, Iowa, on the Missouri River, and on the Chicago, Milwaukee and Saint Paul, the Chicago and Northwestern, and the Great Northern railroads (Map: South Dakota, H 7). It is the seat of Yankton College (Congregational), opened in 1882, and of the South Dakota Hospital for the Insane. The city derives considerable commercial importance from its situation in an extensive farming and stock-raising section, and is known for its large cement works and flouring mills. There are also grain elevators, brick yards, and breweries. Under the revised charter of 1885, the government is vested in a mayor, chosen annually, and a unicameral council. The water-works are owned and operated by the municipality. Yankton was settled in 1862 and received a city charter in 1883. It was the capital of the Territory of Dakota until 1883. Population, in 1890, 3670; in 1900, 4125.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Yao

Edition of 1905. See also Emperor Yao on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​YAO, you. One of the ‘ancient sovereigns’ of China. The Shu-King or Book of History—the oldest historical record the Chinese possess—begins with the reign of Yao (B.C. 2357), and shows him at the head of an elaborate, well-organized governmental system, carefully searching out able and virtuous men to be placed at the head of the different departments, and appointing astronomers to regulate the seasons. In the sixty-first year of his reign (B.C. 2296) occurred the great inundation commonly known among foreigners as ‘the Chinese Flood,’ whose ‘regulation’ taxed the energy of one engineer for nine years and his successor for thirteen. In the seventieth year of his reign (B.C. 2287), wishing to retire, Yao, passing over his own son, selected Shun, noted for his filial piety, as his colleague and successor. He died in B.C. 2258. Very little more is known regarding him, except that he was the son of one of the kings who had succeeded Hwang-li (q.v.). He is the first of the “ancient kings” of China so much lauded by Confucius for their virtues.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Yapurá

Edition of 1905. See also Japurá River on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​YAPURÁ, yä′po͞o-ra′, or JAPURÁ. One of the two largest north tributaries of the Amazon, rising in the Colombian Andes, where it is known under the name of Caquetá (Map: America, South, C 3). It flows through the eastern territory of the Colombian Department of Cauca in a southeastern direction and then enters the Brazilian Province of Amazonas, where, after flowing east for some distance, it divides into a large number of arms which join the Amazon at various points, the western and easternmost mouths being five hundred miles apart in a straight line. The central and principal arm enters the Amazon opposite the town of Teffe, about longitude 64° 40′ W. The total length of the Yapurá is estimated at nearly 1500 miles, of which about 600 are navigable. A considerable portion of its course is still unexplored and the country through which it flows is but sparsely inhabited.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Yapock

Edition of 1905. See also Water opossum on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​YAPOCK (named from the Oyapok River, between French Guiana and Brazil). An aquatic opossum (Chironectes palmatus) of Central and South America, rather larger than a rat, and differing from the true opossums mainly in its webbed hind feet and aquatic habits, it has capacious cheek-pouches, in which it stows away its food, which consists largely of crustaceans, mollusks, and aquatic insects, until it can retire to a comfortable eating place. Its marsupial pouch is perfect.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Yapon

Edition of 1905. See also Yapon on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​YAPON, or YAUPON (Ilex Cassine). An evergreen species of holly native in the coastal States from Virginia to Texas and Arkansas. Generally it is a shrub which forms dense thickets from its suckering roots, but in the Southwest it sometimes becomes arborescent. Its abundant scarlet berries are valued for winter decoration. Popularly it is known as cassena, and South Sea, Carolina, and Appalachian tea.
YAPON
# The Qur'an (Palmer)

This translation was done as part of the compilation Sacred Books of the East, edited by F. Max Müller. It was completed in two volumes: for posterity the contents of each volume are displayed separately.
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
THE QURʼÂN
TRANSLATED BY
E. H. PALMER
PART Ⅰ
CHAPTERS Ⅰ TO ⅩⅥ
Oxford
AT THE CLARENDON PRESS
1880
[All rights reserved]
THE QUR’ÂN
TRANSLATED BY
E. H. PALMER
PART II
CHAPTERS XVII TO CXIV
Oxford
AT THE CLARENDON PRESS
1880
[All rights reserved]