OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Current Japanese Opinion of the U.S. and the Conflict in Vietnam

Current Brief IRS/AF April 19, 1966
CURRENT JAPANESE OPINION OF THE U.S. AND THE CONFLICT IN VIETNAM
With one significant exception, Japanese opinion of the Vietnam situation and U.S. involvement has shown no important shifts between June 1965 and April 1966. A significant percentage of Japanese continued to hold an adverse view of U.S. support for the Government of Vietnam (GVN), to believe that the U.S. should take a more conciliatory attitude towards the opposition and to oppose Japanese support of the GVN. There was a slight but insignificant rise in Japanese opinion of U.S. efforts to prevent a new world war.
The one striking shift was on the question of Japanese impressions of recent U.S. activities in international affairs. The U.S. position improved substantially with a net favorable gain of 26 percent in a ten months period. This gain brought the U.S. standing on this issue up from its lowest point in nine years (-26 percent) to the zero point, i.e. an equal percentage of approval and disapproval. (Table Attached)
Clearly overall U.S. behavior on the international scene impressed the Japanese favorably but they remained consistent in their adverse opinion of the Vietnam conflict. The so-called U.S. "peace offensive" and the Honolulu Conference — both of which received extensive and favorable comment in the Japanese press — may have contributed substantially to the improvement of Japanese opinion on the general question of U.S. foreign policy.
​Have you a favorable or unfavorable impression of what the following countries have been doing in international affairs recently? Very or somewhat? (U.S.)
| United States: |
| | April 1966 | June 1965 |
| No. of cases | (995) | (1034) |
| Favorable — very | 4 | 2 |
| Favorable — somewhat | 26 | 11 |
| Unfavorable — somewhat | 22 | 26 |
| Unfavorable — very | 8 | 13 |
| Don't know | 38 | 48 |
| No answer | 2 | _ |
| | 100% | 100% |
| Net Favorable | 0 | -26 |
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Brooke, Zachary

​BROOKE, ZACHARY (1716–1788), divine, the son of Zachary Brooke, of Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge (B.A. 1693-4, and M. A. 1697), at one time vicar of Hawkston-cum-Newton, near Cambridge, was born in 1716 at Hamerton, Huntingdonshire. He was educated at Stamford school, was admitted sizar of St. John's College, Cambridge, 28 June 1734, was afterwards elected a fellow, proceeded B.A. in 1737, M.A. in 1741, B.D. in 1748, and D.D. in 1753. He was elected to the Margaret professorship of divinity at Cambridge in 1765, and was at the same time a candidate for the mastership of St. John's College; was chaplain to the king from 1758, and was vicar of Ickleton, Cambridgeshire, and rector of Forncett St. Mary and St. Peter, Suffolk. He died at Forncett on 7 Aug. 1788. He married the daughter of W. Hanchet. He attacked Dr. Middleton's 'Free Inquiry' in his 'Defensio miraculorum quæ in ecclesia christiana facta esse perhibentur post tempora Apostolorum,' Cambridge, 1748, which appeared in English in 1750. This work called forth several 'Letters' in reply. Brooke was also the author of a collection of sermons, issued in 1763.
[Baker's St. John's College (ed. Mayor), 1029, 1030, 1042; Nichols's Lit. Anecd. i. 563-4, viii. 379; Nichols's Lit. Illustr. iv. 371; Brit. Mus. Cat.]
S. L. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Brookfield, William Henry

1904 Errata appended.
​BROOKFIELD, WILLIAM HENRY (1809–1874), divine, was the son of Charles Brookfield, a solicitor at Sheffield, where he was born on 31 Aug. 1809. In 1827 he was articled to a solicitor at Leeds, but left this position to enter Trinity College, Cambridge, in October 1829 (B.A. 1833, and M.A. 1836). In 1834 he became tutor to George William (afterwards fourth Lord) Lyttelton (1817–1876). In December 1834 he was ordained to the curacy of Maltby in Lincolnshire. He was afterwards curate at Southampton, in 1840 of St. James's, Piccadilly, and in 1841 of St. Luke's, Berwick Street. In 1841 he married Jane Octavia, the youngest daughter of Sir Charles Elton of Clevedon Court, Somerset. The wife of Hallam the historian was Sir C. Elton's sister. In 1848 Brookfield was appointed inspector of schools by Lord Lansdowne. He held the post for seventeen years, during part of which time he was morning preacher at Berkeley Chapel, Mayfair. On resigning his inspectorship he became rector of Somerby-cum-Humby, near Grantham. He was also reader at the Rolls Chapel, and continued to reside chiefly in London. In 1860 he was appointed honorary chaplain to the queen, and later chaplain-in-ordinary. He died on 12 July 1874. Mrs. Brookfield died on 27 Nov. 1896 at Walpole Street, Chelsea. A son, Mr. Charles Brookfield, is a well-known actor.
Brookfield was an impressive preacher, and attracted many cultivated hearers. His sermons, which show no special theological bias, have considerable literary merit. He had an original vein of humour, which made even his reports as a school inspector unusually amusing. He had extraordinary powers of elocution and mimicry. As a reader he was unsurpassable, and his college friends describe his powers of amusing anecdote as astonishing. He had the melancholy temperament often associated with humour, and suffered from ill-health, which in 1851 necessitated a voyage to Madeira. He was known to all the most eminent men of letters of his time, some of whom, especially Lord Tennyson and Arthur Hallam, had been his college friends. He was described by his friend Thackeray as ‘Frank Whitestock’ in the ‘Curate's Walk,’ and Lord Tennyson contributes a sonnet to his memory in the ‘Memoir.’ In the same memoir, written by his old pupil and friend Lord Lyttelton, will be found letters from Carlyle, Sir Henry Taylor, Mr. Kinglake, James Spedding, Dr. Thompson (master of Trinity College), Mrs. Ritchie, and others.
[Sermons with Memoir, by Lord Lyttelton, 1874.]
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.38 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 436 | i | 8 f.e. | Brookfield, William H.: for Clevedon read Clevedon Court, Somerset |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Brooke, Samuel

1904 Errata appended.
​BROOKE, SAMUEL (d. 1632), master of Trinity College, Cambridge, and archdeacon of Coventry, was the son of Robert Brooke, a rich citizen of York, and was brother of Christopher Brooke, the poet [q. v.] In 1596 he was admitted to Trinity College, Cambridge; he proceeded M.A. 1604, B.D. 1607, and D.D. 1615. Shortly afterwards he was sent to prison, by the agency of Sir George More, for secretly celebrating the marriage of Dr. John Donne with More's daughter, but was soon afterwards released. He was promoted to the office of chaplain to Henry, prince of Wales, who recommended him (26 Sept. 1612) for the divinity chair at Gresham College. He was afterwards chaplain to both James I and Charles I. He was elected proctor at Cambridge in 1613, and in 1614 he wrote three Latin plays, which were performed before James I on his visit to the university in that year. The names of the plays appear to have been 'Scyros,' 'Adelphe,' and 'Melanthe,' and the 'Adelphe' was described as so witty 'ut vel ipsi Catoni risum excuteret.' On 13 June 1618 he became rector of St. Margaret's, Lothbury, London, and 10 July 1621 was incorporated D.D. at Oxford. He was elected master of Trinity College, Cambridge, 5 Sept. 1629, and on 17 Nov. resigned his Gresham professorship. Prynne, in his 'Canterburie's Doome' p. 157, abuses Brooke as a disciple of Laud, and states that in 1630 Brooke was engaged in 'An Arminian Treatise of Predestination.' ​Laud encouraged him to complete this book, but afterwards declined to sanction its publication on account of its excessive violence. On 13 May 1631 Brooke was admitted archdeacon of Coventry, and died 16 Sept. 1632. His will (99 St. John) was made 16 Sept. 1631 and proved 20 Sept. He was buried without monument or epitaph in Trinity College Chapel. None of Brooke's works appear to have been printed. Besides the treatise already mentioned, he wrote a tract on the Thirty-nine Articles, and a discourse, dedicated to the Earl of Pembroke, entitled 'De Auxilio Divinæ Gratiæ Exercitatio theologica, nimirum: An possibile sit duos eandem habere Gratiæ Mensuram, et tamen unus convertatur et credat; alter non: e Johan. xi. 45, 46.' The manuscript of this discourse is in Trinity College Library.
[Ward's Lives of the Professors of Gresham College, p. 53; Wood's Fasti Oxon. (Bliss) i. 401-2; Cooper's Memorials of Cambridge, ii. 284; Welch's Alumni Westmonast. 19-20; Cole's MS. Athenæ Cantab.; Laud's Works, vi. 292.]
S. L. L.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.37–38 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 433 | ii | 18-17 f.e. | Brooke, Samuel: omit He was elected proctor at Cambridge in 1613 and |
| 434 | i | 27 5 | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ Brooke, Samuel: for 1632 read 1631 |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Brooke, William Henry

​BROOKE, WILLIAM HENRY (d. 1860), satirical draughtsman and portrait-painter, was a nephew of Henry Brooke (1703?-1783) [q. v.], the author of 'A Fool of Quality.' He was placed when young in a banker's office. Preferring the studio to the desk, he became the pupil of Samuel Drummond, A.R.A. He made rapid progress, and soon established himself as a portrait-painter in the Adelphi. In 1810 he first exhibited in the Academy. His early works, according to Redgrave, were mere sketches; their subjects: 'Anacreon,' 'Murder of Thomas à Becket,' and 'Musidora.' Between 1813 and 1823 he did not exhibit. In the latter year he sent three pictures, a portrait, and two Irish landscapes with figures. In 1826 he exhibited 'Chastity.' This was the last work which he sent to the Academy. In 1812 he undertook to make drawings for the 'Satirist,' a monthly publication which changed hands several times in its short career, and collapsed finally in 1814. There is little of style or of wit to redeem the pure vulgarity of Brooke's work as a satirist. He contributed to this paper till September 1813, and was then succeeded by George Cruikshank. His drawings for this periodical seem to have brought him some notice, and he illustrated a good many popular books of the day. Among these may be mentioned Moore's 'Irish Melodies,' 1822; Major's edition of Izaak Walton, to which he supplied some vignettes; Keightley's 'Greek and Roman Mythology,' 1831; 'Persian and Turkish Tales;' 'Gulliver's Travels;' Nathaniel Cotton's 'Visions in Verse;' and 'Fables for the Female Sex,' by E. Moore and his uncle, H. Brooke. The last three are undated and published by Walker. None of Brooke's embellishments appear to have had much merit. His best designs, however, are said to have been well drawn. He shows a certain feeling for grace in his delineation of women, though little knowledge. He died at Chichester 12 Jan. 1860.
E. R.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Brookes, Joshua (1761-1833)

​BROOKES, JOSHUA (1761–1833), anatomist, was born on 24 Nov. 1761, and studied anatomy and surgery in London under William Hunter, Hewson, Andrew Marshall, and Sheldon, afterwards attending the practice of Portal and other eminent surgeons at the Hôtel-Dieu, Paris. Returning to London he commenced to teach anatomy and form a museum. He was an accurate anatomist and excellent dissector, and prepared very many of the specimens in his museum. He invented a very useful method of preserving subjects for his lectures and class dissections, so as to preserve a healthy colour and arrest decomposition. For this he was elected F.R.S. His success as a teacher was so great that in the course of forty years more than five thousand pupils passed under his tuition in anatomy and physiology. He was very devoted to the formation of his museum, which from first to last cost him 30,000l., and was second only to that of John Hunter. It included a vast collection of specimens illustrating human and comparative anatomy, morbid and normal. His brother kept the celebrated menagerie in Exeter Change, and thus Brookes easily obtained specimens. In 1826, owing to ill-health brought on by constant presence in the atmosphere of the dissecting-room, he was compelled to leave off teaching; and at a dinner presided over by Dr. Pettigrew he received from the hands of the Duke of Sussex a marble bust of himself, subscribed for by his pupils. After vainly endeavouring to dispose of his museum entire, he was compelled to sell it piecemeal. The final sale took place on 1 March 1830 and twenty-two following days; but very little was realised for Brookes's support in his old age. He died 10 Jan. 1833, in Great Portland Street, London.
His published writings include 'Lectures on the Anatomy of the Ostrich' ('Lancet,' vol. xii.); 'Brookesian Museum,' 1827; 'Catalogue of Zootomical Collection,' 1828; 'Address to the Zoological Club of the Linnean Society,' 1828; 'Thoughts on Cholera,' 1831, proposing most useful hygienic precautions, especially as to the cleansing of the slums; ​and a description of a new genus of Rodentia (Trans. Linn. Soc., 1829).
[Museum Brookesianum, Descriptive and Historical Catalogue, 1830 ; Lancet, 19 Jan., 31 Aug., and 14 Dec. 1833; Memorials of J. F. South, 1884, pp. 103-6.]
G. T. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Brookes, Richard

​BROOKES, RICHARD (fl. 1750), physician and author, has left but slight memorials of his life, except numerous compilations and translations on medicine, surgery, natural history, and geography, most of which went through several editions. He was at one time a rural practitioner in Surrey (Dedication of Art of Angling). At some time previous to 1762 he had travelled both in America and Africa (Preface to Natural History). He was an industrious compiler, especially from continental writers, and his 'General Gazetteer' supplied a manifest want. It has gone through a great number of editions, the principal recent editor being A. G. Findlay. The following are Brookes's chief writings:
* 'History of the most remarkable Pestilential Distempers,' 1721.
* 'The Art of Angling, Rock and Sea Fishing, with the Natural History of River, Pond, and Sea Fish,' 1740.
* 'The General Practice of Physic,' 1751.
* 'An Introduction to Physic and Surgery,' 2 vols. 1754.
* 'The General Gazetteer,' 'London, 1762.
* 'A System of Natural History.' 6 vols. 1763.
His principal translations are 'The Natural History of Chocolate,' from the French of Quelus, 2nd ed. 1730, and Duhalde's 'History of China,' 4 vols. 1736.
[Brookes's works as above.]
G. T. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Brooking, Charles

​BROOKING, CHARLES (1723–1759), marine painter, was 'bred in some department in the dockyard at Deptford, but practised as a ship painter, in which he certainly excelled all his countrymen.' This is the account given by Edwards of a painter of whom now there is little to be known. Hewas a friend of Dominic Serres. An anecdote told by that artist to Edwards shows that Brooking, like many painters then and now, was in the hands of dealers. They would not allow him to sign his works, and through that prohibition it happened that he found a private patron only when patronage could do him no good. 'He painted sea-views and sea-fights, which showed an extensive knowledge of naval tactics; his colour was bright and clear, his water pellucid, his manner broad and spirited.' By his death, according to the opinion of his time, a painter was lost who promised to stand in the highest rank. In the Foundling Hospital ​a fine picture of his is preserved. Godfrey, Ravenet, Canot, and Boydell have engraved his works. He owed his death to his doctor, and was slain, in his thirty-sixth year, by 'injudicious medical advice, given to remove a perpetual headache.' He left his family destitute.
[Edwards's Anecdotes of Painters; Works of Edward Dayes; Redgrave's Dict. of Artists of Eng. School; Bryan's Dict. of Painters, ed. Graves.]
E. R.
# Consolidated version of the Treaty on European Union

* information about this edition.
* related portals: European Union.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Wikidata item.
This is the version of the 1992 Maastricht Treaty on European Union (TEU), originally in force from 1 November 1993 (entry into force of this form: 1 December 2009), as amended by the Treaty of Amsterdam, Treaty of Nice, Treaty of Lisbon and accession treaties to the European Union of 1994, 2003 and 2005. To this treaty are attached attached annexes, protocols and declarations, which are also attached to the Treaty establishing the European Atomic Energy Community and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (the 2009 amended version of the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community).

### Table of Contents

| Preamble | |
| Title I: Common Provisions | Articles 1-8 |
| Title II: Provisions on Democratic Principles | Articles 9-12 |
| Title III: Provisions on the Institutions | Articles 13-19 |
| Title IV: Provisions on Enhanced Cooperation | Article 20 |
| Title V: General Provisions on the Union's External Action Service and Specific Provisions on the Common Foreign and Security Policy | Articles 21-46 |
| Chapter 1 General Provisions on the Union's External Action | Articles 21-22 |
| Chapter 2 Specific Provisions on the Common Foreign and Security Policy | Articles 23-46 |
| Section 1 Common Provisions | Articles 23-41 |
| Section 2 Provisions on the Common Foreign and Security Policy | Articles 42-46 |
| Title VI: Final Provisions | Articles 47-55 |
© European Union, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/, 1998-2024
According to the European Union Commission Decision of 12 December 2011 as provided here, it is permitted to reuse this legislation so long as it is accompanied by the preceding notice.
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# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Benwell, William

​BENWELL, WILLIAM (1766–1796), classical scholar, was born in 1765 at Caversham, in Oxfordshire. Having been educated at Reading grammar school under Dr. Richard Valpy, he was sent early in 1783 to Trinity College, Oxford, where his abilities attracted the notice of Thomas Warton. In 1787 he took the degree of B.A. and gained the chancellor's prize for the best English essay, having previously gained the chancellor's medal for Latin verse. In November 1789 he proceeded M.A,, and in the following year was elected fellow of his college. He was presented in 1794 to the living of Hale Magna, in Lincolnshire, which he afterwards resigned for the rectory of Chilton, in Suffolk. In September 1796, ten weeks after his marriage, he died at Milton, in Wiltshire, of a fever contracted while ministering to the comfort of some sick villagers. At the time of his death he was engaged on an edition of Xenophon's 'Memorabilia,' which was published in 1804, He was an occasional contributor to the 'Gentleman's Magazine.' Headley, in the preface to 'Select Beauties of Ancient English Poets,' acknowledges the great assistance he had received from Benwell.
A. H. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Benyng, William

​BENYNG or De BININ, WILLIAM (fl. 1250), biographer, may be presumed to have been a native of Binning in Linlithgowshire. He was proir of the Cistercian abbey of Newbattle until 1243, when he was elected abbot of Cupar. He resigned this office on 29 Sept. 1258, probably on account of old age. The date of his death is unknown. He wrote the life of John Scot, bishop of Dunkeld, who became an inmate of Newbattle Abbey, and died there in 1203. The continuator of Fordun, who praises the elegance of Benyng's composition, says that he was already prior at the time of the bishop's death; but there is no confirmation of this somewhat improbable statement. This biography does not appear to be now extant, nor is anything known of the other works which Benyng is said by Dempster to have written.
[Dempster's Hist. Eccl. Scotorum. art 188; Scotichronicon, ed. Hearne, 695; Registers of Cupar Abbey, ed. Rogers i. 12; Chronica de Mailros (Bannatyne Club), 102, 105, 156, 184.]
H. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Beorhtric

​BEORHTRIC or BRIHTRIC, king of the West Saxons (d. 802), of the royal race of Cerdic, succeeded Cynewulf on the throne of Wessex 785. In his days, in 787, the Northmen first landed in England, coming in three ships, and landing on the coast of Dorsetshire. When the 'reeve' heard of it he rode to the place, and because he knew not who they were he bade take them to the king's town, and they slew them there. Beorhtric was jealous of Ecgberht, who was an ætheling, or a member of the royal house, and, it is said, sought to slay him. Ecgberht fled to the court of Offa, king of the Mercians. Beorhtric, however, would not let him tind shelter there. He sent an embassy to Offa, and in 787 married Eadburh, daughter of the Mercian king. This marriage naturally turned Offa against Ecgberht. who was suspected of wishing to gain the West Saxon throne for himself, and the two kings drove him from England. Beorhtric was unfortunate in his marriage. Eadburh was an ambitious and unscrupulous woman, and he allowed her to have too much power. She hated everv one whom her husband favoured, and those whom she hated she accused falsely, that the king might put them to death. If her accusations were disregarded, she killed them by poison. Now the king greatly loved a young ealdorman, whose name seems to have been Worr (A.-S. Chron, 800), and as Eadburh knew that it would be useless for her to bring an accusation against him she killed him by poison. It so happened that Beorhtric also tasted this poison, not knowing what it was, and so died. Such is the story in Asser's 'Life of Ælfred,' and the writer says that he was told it by King Ælfred himself. It is copied by Simeon of Durham and William of Malmesbury. The Chronicle simply records the deaths of Beorhtric and the ealdorman Worr, coupling them together in a marked way. Beorhtic was buried at Wareham. He left no children, and was succeeded by the ætheling Ecgberht in 802 (according to most authorities in 800; but see Will. Malm., ed. Hardy, i. 60, E.H.S.)
[Anglo-Sax. Chron.; Asser de Rebus gestis Ælfredi, 471, M.H.B.; Simeon Dun. 672, M.H.B.; Will. Malm. ii. 113.]
W. H.