OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Woman of the Century/Adelaide Lynn Dicklow

​ADELAIDE LYNN DICKLOW DICKLOW, Miss Adelaide Lynn, educator, born of French Catholic parents, in Orwell, Vt., 6th March, 1859. At the age of fourteen she left the Catholic Church, and soon after united with the Baptist Church, of which she is now a member. As a girl she was bright and cheerful, ​fond of books and quick to learn. Her education was begun in the public schools of Orwell and Fair Haven, Vt., where her parents resided. In 1874 she entered the State Normal School in Albany, N.Y., and from there she went to the Syracuse University, where she was graduated with honors. Miss Dicklow's parents being in humble circumstances, she had to work her own way from beginning to end. After graduating she taught for two years and then entered the Woman's Medical College of Philadelphia, with the intention of taking up the practice of medicine. At the end of one year she was called to Kansas, and soon after the position of professor of modern languages in Ottawa University was offered to her, which she accepted. Miss Dicklow did not give up her studies at graduation but continued a close student and will receive the degree of Ph. D. from her alma mater.
# Woman of the Century/Adeline D. Train Whitney

​WHITNEY, Mrs. Adeline Dutton Train, author, born in Boston, Mass., 15th September, 1824. She is a daughter of Enoch Train, formerly a well-known shipping merchant and founder of a packet line between Boston and Liverpool. She was educated in Boston. She became the wife of Seth D. Whitney, of Milton, Mass., in 1843. She contributed a good deal to various magazines in her early years. Her published works are "Foolsteps on the Seas" (1859); "Mother Goose for Grown Folks" (1860), revised in 1870, and 1882; "Boys at Chequasset" (1862); "Faith Gartney's Girlhood" (1863); "The Gayworthys" (1865); "A Summer in Leslie Goldthwaite's Life" (1866); "Patience Strong's Outings" (1868); "Hitherto" (1869): " We Girls " (1870); "Real Folks" (1871); "Pansies," poems (1871); "The Oilier Girls" ​(1873); " Sights and Insights " (1876); "Just How: "A Key to Cook-Books" (1878); "Odd or Even" (1880); "Bonnyborough" (1885); "Homespun Yarns," "Holy-Tides" (1886); "Daffodils" and "Bird-Talk" (1887). The last three volumes named are in verse. "Ascubney Street" and "A Golden Gossip." first issued as serials in the "Ladies' Home journal," Philadelphia, were published in book form in 1888 and 1890.
# Woman of the Century/Adele Williams

​WILLIAMS, Miss Adele, artist, born in Richmond, Va., 24th February. 1868. She comes of a family many members of which have been well known and conspicuous in the communities in which they lived. Her descent is thoroughly English. She is a descendant, on her mother's side, of Rev. Peter Bulkeley, who came from England to America in 1836; she is a great-great-granddaughter of Capt. Sylvanus Smith, of Revolutionary times, and a granddaughter of H. M. Smith, of Richmond, a man known throughout the country as an inventor and draughtsman. From him she inherited her talent. Her father, John H. Williams, was for many years a resident of San Francisco, Cal., and there accumulated considerable wealth. ADELE WILLIAMS. In her eleventh year reverses came to the family, and her subsequent education was acquired in the public schools of Richmond. At the age of fifteen she was graduated from the high school at the head of her class. Her attention since then has been almost entirely devoted to art. She went to New York in 1886 and became a pupil in the Woman's Art School of Cooper Union. After three years of study she was graduated, having twice won medals in the different classes. During the period spent in New York she was at times a pupil of the Art Students' League, of the Gotham Art School and of many of the most prominent teachers. Her first picture on exhibition was accepted for the exhibition in the Academy of IX-sign in 1888. Since that time she has been a regular contributor to the exhibitions of the American Water Color Society, and of the New-York Club since its formation, in 1889, besides being represented in many minor exhibitions. As a pupil of Mrs. Rhoda Holmes Nicholls, her attention was chiefly directed to the study of watercolors. In June, 1892, she went to Europe, and. spending three months in travel, settled down to study in Paris, France. Her home is in Richmond.
# Woman of the Century/Adelia Antoinette Field Johnston

​JOHNSTON, Mrs. Adelia Antoinette Field, educator, born in Lafayette, Ohio, 5th February, 1837. When eleven years old, she was sent to a good academy, and at fourteen she taught a country summer school. In 1856 she was graduated from Oberlin, and went to Tennessee as principal of Black Oak Grove Seminary. She returned to Ohio in the autumn of 1859, and became the wife of Janus W. Johnston, a graduate of Oberlin, and a teacher by profession. He died in the first year of the war, just as he was entering active service. Mrs. Johnston again became a teacher, and was for three years principal of an academy in Kinsman, Ohio. She then devoted a year to the study of Latin under the direction of Dr. Samuel Taylor, in Andover, Mass., and taught three years in Scituate. R. I. In 1860 Mrs. Johnston went to Germany for two years of study, giving her attention to the German language and European history. On her return to America she was called to her present position of principal of the woman's department in Oberlin College. In addition to the regular duties of her office, she has taught one hour a day in the college, in the meantime continuing her historical studies. She has made three additional visits to Europe, and since 1890 has held the chair of mediaeval history in Oberlin College.
# Woman of the Century/Mrs. Mary Washington

​WASHINGTON, Mrs. Mary, mother of George Washington, the first President of the United Stales, born in Westmoreland county, Va., about 1713, and died in 1789. Her maiden name was Mary Ball, and her descent was English. On 6th March, 1730, she became the wife of Augustine Washington, the second son of Lawrence Washington and the grandson of John Washington, the first of the family to come from England to the Colonies. He purchased lands in Westmoreland county, became a wealthy planter, and was successively a county magistrate, a member of the house of burgesses, and colonel of the Virginia forces that drove away the invading Seneca Indians. In honor of his public services and private character, the parish in which he lived was named Washington. There his son, Lawrence, and his grandson. Augustine, were born. Augustine Washington was married twice. By his first wife he had four children, two of whom. Lawrence and Augustine, outlived their mother, who died in 1728. By his second wife, Mary Ball, he was the father of the immortal George Washington, who was the first child of his second marriage. Mrs. Mary Washington was a devoted mother, and her son George was a most faithful and affectionate son. He was born 22nd February-, 1732, and his father died in 1743, leaving a family of five children for his widow to rear. She took the management of her estate into her own hands, and supervised the education of her children. To her George Washington owed as much as any other great man of history ever owed to a woman. While he was absent in the army, for nearly seven years, she managed the home and kept up the estate, and when the victory was won and Cornwallis had surrendered, he visited his aged mother. She consented to appear in a ball given in Fredericksburg in honor of her son, and she surprised the foreigners by her simple dress and quiet dignity. One of her most earnest commendations of her illustrious son was that "George had always been a good son." She lived to see him reach the proudest position in the new-born nation. He bade her farewell for the last time in the home of her childhood, in Stafford county, across the Rappahannock from Fredericksburg, where his father had purchased an estate several years before his death. The parting was affectionate, and the venerable woman died shortly afterward, too suddenly to make it possible for her son to reach her. Mary Washington, more than any other one woman, is to be remembered for having given to the world one of the greatest men of history. Her simple virtues were reflected in her glorious son, and the name of George Washington will never be mentioned without calling up pleasant thoughts of the noble, simple mother who gave him birth— Mary Washington.
# Woman of the Century/Mrs. S. Van Rensselaer Cruger

​CRUGER, Mrs. S. Van Rensselaer, novelist and social leader, born in Paris, France. She is daughter of Thomas Wentworth Storrow . who spent the greater part of his life in France. The Wentworths were of New England. Her mother was a daughter of Daniel Paris, a well-known never of Albany, N. Y.,and for many years a member of the New York legislature. Mrs. Storrow was the favorite niece of Washington Irving, and a diamond, which he gave her when she was married in his Sunnyside home, is now in Mrs. Cruger's possession. Mrs. Cruger is the wife of Colonel S. Van Rensselaer Cruger, a member of one of the old Knickerbocker families of New York, and they make their home in that city and in a pleasant place called " Idlesse Farm" on Long Island. Mrs. Cruger has long been known as a social leader, and during the last three or four years she has won a most remarkable success as a novelist. She is a master of French, having spoken only that language until she was nine years of age, and. with her liberal education, her long residence abroad, and her experience in many spheres of life, she unites a distinctly literary talent that has enabled her to cast her stories in artistic form, while preserving in them a most intense humanity. Her novels have been published under the pen-name "Julien Gordon," and the critics, without exception, supposed "Julien Gordon " to be a man. Her novels are "A Diplomat's Diary," "A Successful Mill." "Mademoiselle Reseda'" and "A Puritan Pagan." all of which appeared as serials first and then in volumes. All have passed through many editions. She has written some poetry, but she has never published or even kept any of her verses.
# Woman of the Century/Nella Brown Pond

​POND, Mrs. Nella Brown, dramatic reader, born in Springfield. Mass., 7th May, 1858. Her maiden name was Nella Frank Brown. She is an accomplished reader and stands in the front rank of the women of America who have made their mark upon the platform. Her father, Dr. Enoch Brown, was an eminent physician of Springfield, Mass., for ​some years, and afterwards moved to New York, where he died, while Mrs Pond was quite young. The family then went to Middletown, Conn., and finally became permanent residents of Boston. It NELLA BROWN POND. was there Mrs. Pond's natural dramatic talent became known to a few friends, who induced her to become a member of the Park Dramatic Company, an amateur organization of great excellence. She appeared for the first time as Margaret Elmore in "Love's Sacrifice " and achieved an instantaneous success. She remained with the company during that season, and her great dramatic talent secured for her a widespread popularity and won recognition from prominent professionals. She received numerous flattering offers from managers of leading metropolitan theaters, but refused them all, having conscientious scruples against going on the stage. Mrs. Thomas Barry, then leading lady of the Boston Theater, became greatly interested in her and advised that she appear upon the lyceum platform as a reader, prophesying that she would soon become celebrated. Through Mrs. Barry's exertions an engagement was effected with the Redpath Lyceum Bureau, and Mrs. Pond at once assumed a position and gained a popularity which successive seasons have only served to intensify. In 1880 she became the wife of Ozias W. Pond, of Boston, the well-known manager of musical and literary celebrities. Her husband died in February, 1892. Her home is in Boston, Mass.
# Woman of the Century/Myra Bradwell

​BRADWELL, Mrs. Myra, lawyer and editor, born in Manchester, Yt., 12th February. 1831. She is a daughter of Eben and Abigail Willey Colby, Her parents removed to New York State in her infancy. MYRA BRADWELL. When she was twelve years old, Chicago became her home. Her family were well represented in the War of the Revolution, two of her ancestors having been in the battle of Bunker Hill. Myra was educated in Kenosha. Wis., and at the seminary in Elgin, Ill., and afterwards taught school in Memphis, Tenn. In 1852 she was married to James B. Bradwell, whose father was one of the leading pioneers of Illinois. She studied law under the instruction of her husband, and passed a creditable examination. She was the first woman in America to ask for admission to the bar, and it was refused because she was a married woman. She immediately set to work, with the aid of her husband, to have this legal disability removed, and the success of their undertaking is a matter of congratulation for all women. Mrs. Bradwell declared that she should never again apply for admission to the bar, but, to her surprise, she one day received a certificate upon the original application from the court that had refused her years before. Mrs. Bradwell was the first woman who was made a member of the Illinois Bar Association, and also of the Illinois Press Association. The first weekly legal paper published in the Western States was the Chicago "Legal News." established twenty-three years ago by Myra Bradwell, who has always been its manager and editor. The legislature gave her a special charter for the paper, and passed several acts making it evidence in the courts and a valid medium for the publication of legal notices. The law giving to married women their own earnings was drawn by Myra Bradwell, and its passage was secured through her efforts in 1869. Judge Bradwell retired from the bench in order to assist his wife in the large business to which the Legal News Company had grown. The Bradwells made place in their busy lives for much charitable and philanthropic work. During the Civil War they were active helpers among the sick and wounded soldiers, and did good service in the Sanitary Commission. Mrs. Bradwell has been for nearly thirty years a member of the Soldiers' Home Board. She was untiring in her efforts to secure the World's Fair for Chicago, and is one of the Board of Lady Managers and chairman of the committee on law reform of the World's Congress Auxiliary. She is a member of the Chicago Women's Club and of the Illinois Women's Press Association, and is treasurer of the South Evanston Industrial School, of which she was one of the organizers. Four children form her family. Of these, two died in infancy. Thomas and Bessie remain. They are both lawyers. Bessie's husband, Frank A. Helmer, is also an attorney. Notwithstanding her profession and her numerous activities, Mrs. Bradley is a favorite in the society of Chicago.
# Woman of the Century/Mrs. M. R. M. Wallace

​WALLACE, Mrs. M. R. M., philanthropist, born in Lamoille, Ill., 2nd September, 1841. Her ​maiden name was Emma R. Gilson. She received a careful education, and was at an early age interested in reform and charitable movements. She became the wife of Col. M. R. M. Wallace. 2nd MRS M. K. M. WALLACE. September. 1863, and their wedding tour took them to the South, where Colonel Wallace was stationed. They remained in the South until the war ended, and then went to Chicago, Ill., where they have since lived. They are members of St. Paul's Universalist Church, in that city, and Mrs. Wallace has been prominently identified with its interests. She has been for years president of the Women's Universalist Association of Illinois, and the work accomplished under her leadership has been of great importance to the denomination at large. She has successfully managed church and charitable associations without number. She is a member of the Chicago Press Club, the Chicago Woman's Club, the Woman's Relief Corns, the Woman's Exchange, the Home of the Friendless and many other similar organizations. She was among the first to interest the public in a woman's department for the World's Columbian Exposition for 1893, and she is one of the lady managers of the exposition. She is now president of the Illinois Industrial School for Girls, in Evanston, and that institution owes much of its success to her.
# Woman of the Century/Mrs. Ogden Crane

​MRS. OGDBN CRANE. CRANE, Mrs. Ogden, concert singer and musical educator, born in Brooklyn, N. Y., in 1850. She received her musical education in New York. She studied for six years under Antonio Barilli. and for five years under William Courtney. She adopted the pure Italian method and Style of singing. Her voice is a dramatic soprano of wide range, and she is a successful singer. She has occupied many important positions as a member of the choirs in the South Congregational Church, Brooklyn, in St. Ann's Church, the Church of the Puritans and St. James's Methodist Episcopal Church, New York. She is well known on the concert stage, having traveled over nearly every state in the union, and in 1890 made a tour through the South with her sisters, who are known as the Mundell Quartet Her repertory of oratorios and standard concert pieces is very large, and during her career she has won for herself an enviable reputation. As an instructor she has been especially successful; she has a large number of pupils. both professional and amateur, from all parts of the country. In conscientious work lies the secret of her success.
# Woman of the Century/Myrtle E. Furman

​FURMAN, Miss Myrtle E., professor of elocution, born in Mehoopany, Pa., 8th November, 1860. losing her sight in her fourteenth year, she went to Philadelphia and entered upon the seven-year course of study in the Educational Institution for the Blind. So rapid was her progress that in a little more than four years she had finished the studies in that institution. Manifesting a decided inclination and talent fur dramatic recitation, the faculty gave her the privilege of taking private lessons in elocution. Her advancement was marked. She entered the National School of Elocution and Oratory in Philadelphia, from which she was graduated in two years with high honor, receiving a diploma, a silver medal and the degree of Bachelor of Oratory. A few days afterward, in June, 1884, she received a diploma and the highest honors awarded for scholarship from the Institution for the Blind, having finished the curriculum of studies in both educational institutions in less than the seven years usually given to the latter. Miss Fumian enjoys the peculiar distinction of being the only blind graduate from the School of Elocution and Oratory, and it is believed that she is the only blind person in this country, or in the world, who ever accomplished a similar course of study and physical training. F"or two years after her graduation she gave many successful elocutionary entertainments in various cities and towns of Pennsylvania and New York. In 1886 she accepted the position of professor of elocution in a young ladies' school in Ogoiitz, near Philadelphia. She remained there two years. For the past four years she has filled the chair of elocution in Swarthmore College. Miss Fumian has been successful as an instructor. Her methods are abreast with those of the best educators, and her work is thoroughly and conscientiously done. Although entirely sightless, Miss Furman enjoys travel and has a more enthusiastic appreciation of the beauties of nature than many who. having eyes, see not.
# Zoological Illustrations Series II/Plate 107

TROGON Mexicanus. f. Mexican Trogon. fem.
TROGON Mexicanus,
Mexican Trogon. female.
Tribe Fissirostris. Family Trogonidæ. See North Zool. 2, p. 326.
Generic Characters.
Body thick. Bill very short, strong, thick, nearly triangular, but the sides compressed, surrounded by long, stiff, bristly feathers, the culmen arched from the base. Wings very convex, the quills graduated; tail very broad, feet short, weak, gressorial.
Sub-Genera.
| 1. Bill with several unequal serratures on the margin of the upper mandible: head not crested, tail even, tarsi feathered to the base of the toes; anterior toes united to half their length. America. | Trogon. Auct. |
| 2. Bill serrated; head with an erect compressed crest; tail very long, cuneated. America. | Calurus. Sw. |
| 3. Bill entire. Inhabits tropical Asia. | Harpactes. Sw. |
| 4. Bill with obscure serratures: tarsi naked, covered with scales; the two anterior toes divided nearly to their base. (Type, Trogon Narina). Africa. | Apaloderma. Sw. |
Specific Character.
Female. Breast and upper plumage olive brown; body and under tail covers crimson; front, chin, and ears grey; wing covers lineated with undulate dusky lines; two middle tail feathers ferruginous brown, with black tips.
We have already given the general reader some account of the manners of these very singular birds, and we have said more upon them in North. Zool. Vol. 2. Having figured the male on our 82nd plate, we now exhibit, in the female, that remarkable difference between the sexes, which pervades all the species. Our figure and specific character renders a detailed description of the plumage unnecessary; it should be observed, however, that the lateral tail feathers, in the female, are without those two black transverse bands on the inner web, towards the tip, which are so conspicuous in the male. There is another species from Mexico, which country seems to be the most northern range of these birds. We feel gratified at being able to characterize four typical forms of the genus; all of which, at the same time, are marked by geographic peculiarities.
# Zoological Illustrations Series II/Plate 113

MUREX (Centronotus) radix.
MUREX (Centronotus) radix,
Porcupine Murex.
Genus Murex. Sub-genus Centronotus. Nob.
Sub-Generic Character.
See pl. 100.
Specific Character.
Shell ovate globuse, transversely grooved; with numerous varices, armed with compressed, spine-like foliations: colour white; the spines, base, and inner lip black.
Murex radix. Gm. 3527. Lam. Syst. 7. 168.
Centronotus radix was formerly a shell of excessive rarity, but many specimens have latterly been brought from Panama; one of these, obligingly lent to us by Mr. Cummin, we have here figured of the natural size.
We cannot too often place before the student those objects in nature which seem more especially to illustrate that wonderful system on which the whole has been created. In the infinite diversity which pervades the works of "Him who made us," two things have obviously been intended: one, the manifestation of His power in the creation of the individual: the other, an illustration of some important truth connected with the spiritual welfare of mankind. The first is manifest, and speaks to our senses: the second is emblematical, and calls for an exertion of those reasoning faculties with which the Creator, for such purposes, aided by those helps he has promised, has given to us. In accordance with this latter assumption, both divines and Naturalists concur in considering Nature as a book of Emblems, "where one thing represents another." That this theory, resting heretofore on general belief, is capable of mathematic definition, we have elsewhere largely demonstrated, (North. Zool.). And if, as regards one division of animated nature the theory is correct, it follows that it will be equally manifested in all other portions of the animal world, when they are sufficiently investigated. Hence it is that remote resemblances between objects, widely different in themselves, can be explained: hence the analogy which the Glires bears to the Hedgehogs, and to the Ceblepyrinæ; and hence the resemblance between this shell and the Porcupines; an analogy the more singular, as it extends even to the black and white colour of the spines.