OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Filmer, Edward

​FILMER, EDWARD (fl. 1707), dramatist, born in or about 1657, was the second son of Sir Robert Filmer, bart., of East Sutton, Kent, who died 22 March 1676, by his wife, Dorothy, daughter of Maurice Tuke of Layer Marney, Essex (Berry, County Genealogies, Kent, p. 187). Hasted (Hist. of Kent, fol. ed., ii. 418 n. g) wrongly describes him as the ‘second son of Sir Edward Filmer, who died in 1629.’ He was himself seated at East Sutton. In 1672 he was admitted as founder's kin fellow of All Souls' College, Oxford, and took the degree of B.A. on 17 Dec. of that year, proceeding B.C.L. 21 Feb. 1675, D.C.L. 27 Oct. 1681 (Cat. of Oxford Graduates, 1851, p. 229). He wrote a lugubrious blank verse tragedy of extreme length, called ‘The Unnatural Brother,’ 4to, London, 1697, which appears to have been acted three times at the theatre in Little Lincoln's Inn Fields (Genest, Hist. of the Stage, ii. 114). It met with a ‘very cold reception,’ which the author ascribes principally to his having ‘made choice of too few persons in the drama, and that the stage was never filled; there seldom appearing above two at a time, and never above three, till the end and winding up of the whole. … If these must be thought faults now in our nicer age, I am sure they were not thought such heretofore by the Antients’ (Preface). Part of this drama was reproduced by Pierre Antoine Motteux as ‘The Unfortunate Couple; a short Tragedy,’ in ‘The Novelty,’ &c., 4to, 1697. Filmer defended the stage against the attacks of Jeremy Collier in a sensible, well-written treatise entitled ‘A Defence of Plays, or the Stage Vindicated, from several Passages in Mr. Collier's Short View, &c. Wherein is offer'd the most probable method of Reforming our Plays. With a Consideration how far Vicious Characters may be allow'd on the Stage,’ 8vo, London, 1707. Collier replied in ‘A Farther Vindication of the Short View,’ &c., 8vo, London, 1708. Hasted (loc. cit.) is again wrong when he states that Filmer ‘died in 1703.’ By license, dated 29 Jan. 1686–7, he married Archiballa, only daughter and heiress of Archibald Clinkard or Clenkard of Sutton Valence, Kent (Chester, London Marriage Licences, ed. Foster, col. 484), and was buried at East Sutton.
[Baker's Biographia Dramatica (Reed and Jones), i. 242, iii. 371–2.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Finch, Edward (fl.1630-1641)

​FINCH, EDWARD (fl. 1630–1641), royalist divine, is said by Walker and others to have been brother of John, lord Finch of Fordwich [q. v.], and thus younger son of Sir Henry Finch [q. v.], by Ursula, daughter of John Thwaites of Kent. The genealogists state that John was Sir Henry's only son, but there is little doubt that they are wrong. On 9 Dec. 1630 Edward was admitted to the vicarage of Christ Church, Newgate. Walker celebrates him as the first of the parochial clergy actually dispossessed by the committee for scandalous ministers. A resolution of parliament, 8 May 1641, declared him unfit to hold any benefice. The articles against him allege that he had set up the communion-table altarwise, and preached in a surplice; they also detail a list of charges more or less affecting his character. Walker, who had not seen the pamphlet containing the articles and evidence in the case, makes the best of Finch's printed defence, but on Finch's own showing there was ground for scandal. Finch died soon after his sequestration; his successor, William Jenkyn, was admitted on 1 Feb. 1642, 'per mort. Finch.' There is a doubt as to whether he was married. It was said that he had lived seven years, apart from his wife, but he denied that he had a wife.
Finch published 'An Answer to the Articles,' &c., London, 1641, 4to. This was in reply to 'The Petition and Articles . . . exhibited in Parliament against Edward Finch, Vicar of Christ's Church, London, and brother to Sir J. Finch, late Lord Keeper,' &c., 1641, 4to. This pamphlet has a woodcut of Finch, and a cut representing his journey to Hammersmith with a party of alleged loose characters. The main point of Finch's defence on this charge was that one of the party was his sister.
[Walker's Sufferings, 1714, i. 69 sq., ii. 170; Calamy's Continuation, 1727, i. 17, 18; pamphlets above cited.]
A. G.
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/P. Atrius

​P. ATRIUS, a Roman knight, belonged to Pompey's party, and was taken prisoner by Caesar in Africa, b. c. 47, but his life was spared. (Caes. B. Afr. 68, 89.)
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Pandarus 2.

​2. A son of Alcanor, and twin-brother of Bitias, was one of the companions of Aeneas, and slain by Turnus. (Virg. Aen. ix. 672, 758.) [L. S.]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Pandion 2.

​2. A son of Phineus and Cleopatra. (Apollod. iii. 15. § 3 ; Schol. ad Soph. Ant. 980 ; comp. Phineus.)
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Pandion 3.

​3. One of the companions of Teucer. (Hom. Il. xii. 372.)
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Pandarus 1.

​PA'NDARUS (Πάνδαρος.) 1. A son of Lycaon, a Lycian, commanded the inhabitants of Zeleia on mount Ida, in the Trojan war. He was distinguished in the Trojan army as an archer, and was said to have received his bow from Apollo. He was slain by Diomedes, or, according to others, by Sthenelus. He was afterwards honoured as a hero at Pinara in Lycia. (Hom. Il. ii. 824, &c., v. 290, &c. ; Serv. ad Aen. v. 496 ; Strab. xiv. p. 665 ; Philostr. Her. iv. 2.)
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Pandion 1.

​PANDI'ON (Πανδίων) 1. A son of Aegyptus and Hephaestine. (Apollod. ii. 1. § 5.)
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Pandemos

​PANDE'MOS (Πάνδημος), i. e. "common to all the people," occurs as a surname of Aphrodite, and that in a twofold sense, first describing her as the goddess of low sensual pleasures as Venus vulgivaga or popularis, in opposition to Venus (Aphrodite) Urania, or the heavenly Aphrodite. (Plat. Sympos. p. 180; Lucret. iv. 1067.) She was represented at Elis by Scopas riding on a ram. (Paus. vi. 25. § 2.) The second sense is that of Aphrodite uniting all the inhabitants of a country into one social or political body. In this respect she was worshipped at Athens along with Peitho (persuasion), and her worship was said to have been instituted by Theseus at the time when he united the scattered townships into one great body of citizens. (Paus. i. 22. § 3.) According to some authorities, it was Solon who erected the sanctuary of Aphrodite Pandemos, either because her image stood in the agora, or because the hetaerae had to pay the costs of its erection. (Harpocrat. and Suid. s.v. Athen. xiii. p. 569.) The worship of Aphrodite Pandemos also occurs at Megalopolis in Arcadia (Paus. viii. 32. § 1), and at Thebes (ix. 16. § 2). A festival in honour of her is mentioned by Athenaeus (xiv. p. 659). The sacrifices offered to her consisted of white goats. (Lucian, Dial. Meret. 7; comp. Xenoph. Sympos. 8. § 9; Schol. ad Soph. Oed. Col. 101; Theocrit. Epigr. 13.) Pandemos occurs also as a surname of Eros. (Plat. Symp. l.c.) [L. S.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Gray, John (1807-1875)

​GRAY, JOHN (1807–1875), legal author and solicitor to the treasury, born at Aberdeen in 1807, was educated at Gordon's Hospital in that city. He entered the office ​of Messrs. White & Whitmore, solicitors, London, was called to the bar in 1838, and joined the Oxford circuit. Appointed queen's counsel in 1863, he became solicitor to the treasury in 1870, and during his tenure of the office conducted the celebrated prosecution of Arthur Orton, the claimant to the Tichborne title and estates, in 1873. Gray died on 22 Jan. 1875. He was author of ‘Gray's Country Attorney's Practice,’ 1836, and ‘The Country Solicitor's Practice,’ 1837, which were at the time considered valuable text-books; each passed through several editions. He was also the author of ‘Gray's Law of Costs,’ 1853.
[Information from G. F. Crowdy, esq.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Gray, George (1758-1819)

​GRAY, GEORGE (1758–1819), painter, born at Newcastle-on-Tyne in 1758, was son of Gilbert Gray, a well-known quaker of that town. He was educated at the grammar school, and was first apprenticed to a fruit-painter named Jones, with whom he resided some time at York. Besides painting, Gray studied chemistry, mineralogy, and botany. In 1787 he went to North America on a botanical excursion, and in 1791 he was sent on an expedition to report on the geology of Poland. In 1794 Gray settled in Newcastle as a portrait, fruit, or sign painter, and was employed as a drawing-master. He also occupied himself with numerous ingenious inventions, such as making bread from roots and weaving stockings from nettles. Gray's humour and originality made him popular. Late in life he married the widow of a schoolmaster, Mrs. Dobie, whom he survived. He died at his house in Pudding Chare on 9 Dec. 1819. A crayon portrait of John Bewick, by Gray, is in the museum of the Natural History Society at Newcastle.
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Gray, Gilbert

​GRAY, GILBERT (d. 1614), second principal of Marischal College, Aberdeen, was appointed to that post in 1598. He was a pupil of Robert Rollock, the first principal of the university of Edinburgh, whose virtues and learning he extolled in a curious Latin oration which he delivered in 1611, entitled ‘Oratio de Illustribus Scotiæ Scriptoribus.’ Several of the authors eulogised in it are fictitious. Gray accepted literally ‘the fabulous stories of Fergus the First having written on the subject of law 300 years B.C.; Dornadilla a century after composing rules for sportsmen; Reutha, the 7th king of Scotland, being a great promoter of schools and education; and King Josina, a century and a half before the Christian era, writing on botany and the practice of medicine.’ Gray died in 1614.
[William Anderson's Scottish Nation, ii. 374; George Mackenzie's Lives and Characters of Writers of Scots Nation.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Gray, Edward Whitaker

​GRAY, EDWARD WHITAKER (1748–1806), botanist, was the youngest brother of Samuel Frederick Gray, the translator of Linnæus's ‘Philosophia Botanica,’ and consequently uncle of Samuel Frederick Gray [q. v.], author of ‘The Practical Chemist.’ He acted as librarian to the College of Physicians previously to 1773, in which year he became a licentiate. He graduated M.D., and became subsequently keeper of the department of natural history and antiquities in the British Museum, where he incurred criticism for arranging the natural history collections on the Linnæan system. He is stated to have been eminent as a botanist, and was made one of the first associates of the Linnean Society in 1788. In 1789 he contributed ‘Observations on the … Amphibia’ to the ‘Philosophical Transactions’ of the Royal Society, of which he was a fellow, and of which in 1797 he became secretary. He died at the British Museum, 27 Dec. 1806, in his fifty-ninth year. His portrait by Calcott is at the Royal Society's apartments.
G. S. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Gray, Edward William

​GRAY, EDWARD WILLIAM (1787?–1860), topographer, born about 1787, carried on the business of a cheese factor and mealman in Bartholomew Street, Newbury, Berkshire. At the passing of the Municipal Act in 1835 he was chosen member of the town council, served the office of mayor in 1840, and was subsequently appointed alderman and magistrate. He died at his residence, Woodspeen, on 19 June 1860, aged 73, and was buried on the 26th of that month in the family vault in Enborne churchyard, near Newbury. He edited anonymously ‘The History and Antiquities of Newbury and its Environs, including twenty-eight Parishes situate in the County of Berks; also a Catalogue of Plants,’ 8vo, Speenhamland, 1839, an excellent specimen of thorough workmanship. It was his original intention to publish the book in numbers, but after the appearance of the first number in 1831, he abandoned the plan.
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Gray, George Robert

​GRAY, GEORGE ROBERT (1808–1872), zoologist, the youngest son of Samuel Frederick Gray [q. v.], was born at Chelsea July 1808, and educated at Merchant Taylors' School. At an early age he assisted John George Children [q. v.] in arranging his extensive collection of insects. In 1831 he became an assistant in the zoological department of the British Museum, and subsequently published various catalogues of sections of the insects and birds. He contributed to the entomological portion of the English edition of Cuvier's ‘Animal Kingdom,’ and to the ‘Proceedings of the Zoological Society.’ In 1833 appeared his ‘Entomology of Australia.’ In 1840 he printed privately a ‘List of the Genera of Birds,’ containing 1,065 genera, noting the type species on which each genus was founded; a second edition in 1841 extended the list to 1,232 genera; the third edition (1855) contained 2,403 genera and subgenera. In 1842 he and Prince C. L. Bonaparte assisted Agassiz in the ‘Nomenclator Zoologicus.’ Finally, near the end of his life, his great ‘Hand-List of the Genera and Species of Birds’ (1869–72) enumerated more than eleven thousand species, and recorded forty thousand specific names given by various authors. The utility of this work was marred by the want of references, and it rapidly passed out of date. His most valuable work was the ‘Genera of Birds,’ in three folio volumes, excellently illustrated by D. W. Mitchell and J. Wolf (1844–9); it brought the number of recorded species of birds up to date, and was a starting-point for much subsequent progress in ornithology. He was elected a fellow of the Royal Society in 1866, and was a member of the ‘Academia Economico-Agraria dei Georgofili’ of Florence. He died on 5 May 1872. His work lacked originality, ​and he was over-sensitive to criticism, especially from younger men.
[Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 4th ser. ix. 480, 1872; Athenæum, 11 May 1872; Brit. Mus. Cat.; private information.]
G. T. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Gray, Hugh

​GRAY, HUGH (d. 1604), Gresham professor of divinity, matriculated as a sizar of Trinity College, Cambridge, in May 1574, was elected scholar, and in 1578-9 proceeded B.A. He was elected a fellow on 2 Oct. 1581, and commenced M.A. in 1582. On 8 Jan. 1586-7 he preached a sermon at Great St. Mary's, wherein he asserted that 'the church of England maintained Jewish music, and that to play at dice or cards was to crucify Christ; inveighed against dumbs in the church, and mercenary ministers; insinuated that some in the university sent news to Rome and Rheims; and asserted that the people celebrated the nativity as ethnics, atheists, and epicures.' For this sermon he was convened before the vice-chancellor and heads of colleges. He afterwards made a public explanation, denying the particular application of the passages excepted against (Cooper, Annals of Cambr. ii. 429). He proceeded B.D. in 1589, was created D.D. in 1595, and was in December 1596 an unsuccessful candidate for the Lady Margaret professorship of divinity in his university, receiving twelve votes, while twenty-eight were recorded for Dr. Playfere (ib. ii. 564). On 9 April 1597 he was elected a senior fellow of his college. On 5 Nov. 1600 he was collated to the prebend of Milton Manor in the cathedral of Lincoln, being installed on 12 Dec. following (Le Neve, Fasti, ed. Hardy, ii. 190). He also held the rectory of Meon-Stoke in Hampshire. Gray succeeded Anthony Wotton as Gresham professor of divinity, which office he resigned before 6 July 1604. His death took place in the same month. By his will, dated 20 May 1604, he bequeathed to Trinity College 13l. 6s. 8d. to build a pulpit, and to Gresham College a piece of plate worth 5l., to be in common among all the readers. The lectures which he had read at Gresham College he left to William Jackson, minister of St. Swithin's, London, to be disposed of as he pleased, but they do not appear to have been printed. His manuscript sermon upon Matt. xi. 21, 22, is in the library of the university of Cambridge, Dd. 15, 10 (Cat. i. 539).
[Cooper's Athenae Cantabr. ii. 392-3, 554; Ward's Gresham Professors, p. 44.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Gray, James

​GRAY, JAMES (d. 1830), poet and linguist, was originally master of the high school of Dumfries, and there became intimate with Burns. From 1801 till 1822 he was master in the high school of Edinburgh (Edinburgh Almanack, 1802, p. 106). In 1822 he became rector of the academy at Belfast. He subsequently took holy orders in the English church, and in 1826 went out to India as chaplain in the East India Company's service at Bombay (East India Register, 1826, 2nd ed., p. 289). He was eventually stationed at Bhuj in Cutch, and was entrusted by the British government with the education of the young Rao of that province, being, it is said, the first Christian who was ever honoured with such an appointment in the east. Gray died at Bhuj on 25 March 1830 (ib. 1831, 2nd ed., p. 104; Gent. Mag. 1831, pt. i., p. 378.) He married Mary Phillips of Longbridgemoor, Annandale, eldest sister of the wife of James Hogg [q. v.] His family mostly settled in India. He published anonymously ‘Cona; or the Vale of Clwyd. And other poems,’ 12mo, London, 1814 (2nd ed., with author's name, 1816); and edited the ‘Poems’ of Robert Fergusson, with a life of the poet and remarks on his genius and writings, 12mo, Edinburgh, 1821. He left in manuscript a poem on ‘India.’ Another poem, entitled ‘A Sabbath among the Mountains,’ is attributed to him. His Cutchee version of the gospel of St. Matthew was printed at Bombay in 1834. Hogg introduced Gray into the ‘Queen's Wake’ as the fifteenth bard who sang the ballad of ‘King Edward's Dream.’
[Anderson's Scottish Nation, ii. 374–5.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Corry, Henry Thomas Lowry

​CORRY, HENRY THOMAS LOWRY (1803–1873), politician, second son of the second Earl of Belmore, by Juliana, second daughter of Henry Thomas, second earl of Carrick, was born in Dublin on 9 March 1803. He was educated at Christ Church, Oxford, where he proceeded B.A. 1823. In 1825 he entered the House of Commons as conservative member for Tyrone county, which before and after the union had been represented by members of his family. His connection with this constituency, extending over forty-seven years, continued unbroken till his death, which took place at Bournemouth on 6 March 1873. He was comptroller of the household in Sir Robert Peel's first administration, 1834–5, and in the latter year was sworn a member of the privy council. On the return of his party to office he served as a junior lord of the admiralty, 1841–5, and latterly, 1845–6, as secretary to the same department. He was not included in the conservative government of 1852, but in Lord Derby's second administration, 1858–9, he resumed his last post at the admiralty. In 1866–7 he was vice-president of the council on education. The resignations of Lord Cranbourne, Lord Car​ narvon, and General Peel on the Reform Bill necessitating a reconstruction of the ministry, he was nominated March 1867 a first lord of the admiralty, with a seat in the cabinet; this office he held till the resignation of the government December 1868. Except on subjects connected with his department he took little part in debate, and he was a plain and simple rather than a brilliant speaker. As an administrator he had the confidence of both sides of the house, and his knowledge of naval affairs was unquestioned. He married, 6 March 1830, Harriet Anne, daughter of the sixth Earl of Shaftesbury, and by her had two sons and two daughters. His second son, Mr. Montagu Corry, private secretary to Lord Beaconsfield, was raised to the peerage (1880) as Baron Rowton. Corry was author of ‘Naval Promotion and Retirement, a letter to the Right Hon. S. P. Walpole,’ 1863, and of three ‘Speeches on the Navy,’ with preface by Sir J. C. D. Hay, Bart, M.P., 1872.
[Times; Standard, 7 March; Spectator, 8 March 1873.]
J. M. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Corry, John

​CORRY, JOHN (fl. 1825), topographer and miscellaneous writer, was a native of the north of Ireland and a self-taught man. On reaching manhood he went to Dublin, where he followed the profession of a journalist. About 1792 he fixed his residence in London, and there found constant employment for his versatile pen. Most of his works were published anonymously. Besides editing a periodical, he furnished the letterpress for the ‘History of Liverpool,’ 4to, Liverpool, 1810, published by Thomas Troughton; wrote vol. i. of the ‘History of Bristol,’ 2 vols. 4to, Bristol, 1816, the second volume being supplied by the Rev. John Evans; and the next year published a ‘History of Macclesfield,’ 8vo, London, Manchester [printed], 1817. A more ambitious undertaking was the ‘History of Lancashire,’ 2 vols. 4to, London, 1825, with a dedication to George IV dated 22 Sept. of that year. After this nothing is known of Corry's personal history. He was also the author of: 1. ‘Poems,’ 12mo [Dublin?], 17—. 2. ‘The Adventures of Felix and Rosarito,’ 12mo, London, 1782. 3. ‘The Life of George Washington,’ 12mo, London, 1800. 4. ‘The Detector of Quackery,’ 12mo, London, 1801 (new edition under the title of ‘Quack Doctors dissected,’ 12mo, London, Gloucester [printed 1810]). 5. ‘A Satirical View of London,’ 8vo, London, 1801, which came to a fourth edition in 1809. 6. ‘Edwy and Bertha,’ 12mo, London, 1802. 7. ‘Memoirs of Alfred Berkeley,’ 12mo, London, 1802. 8. ‘Tales for the Amusement of Young Persons,’ 12mo, London, 1802. 9. ‘The Life of William Cowper,’ 12mo, London, 1803. 10. ‘The Life of Joseph Priestley,’ 12mo, Birmingham, 1804 (another edition appeared in the same year). 11. ‘Sebastian and Zeila,’ 12mo, London [1805?]. 12. ‘The Suicide; or, the Progress of Error,’ 12mo, London [1805?]. 13. ‘The Mysterious Gentleman Farmer,’ 3 vols. 12mo, London, 1808. 14. ‘Strictures on the expedience of the Addingtonian Extinguisher’ [i.e. Lord Sidmouth's Protestant Dissenting Bill], 12mo, Macclesfield, 1811. 15. ‘The Elopement … Third edition (the History of Eliza, &c.),’ 12mo, London [1810?]. 16. ‘The English Metropolis; or, London in the year 1820,’ 8vo, London, 1820. 17. ‘Memoir of John Collier’ (‘Tim Bobbin’), prefixed to an edition of his ‘Works,’ 8vo [Manchester? 1820?], and also to the quarto edition published at Manchester in 1862.
[Dict. of Living Authors (1816), p. 76; Fishwick's Lancashire Library, pp. 53–4; Brit. Mus. Cat.]
G. G.