OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hayes, George

​HAYES, Sir GEORGE (1805–1869), justice of the queen's bench, second son of Sheedy Hayes, a West Indian proprietor, by Catherine, daughter of John Westgate, was born in Judd Place, Somers Town, London, on 19 June 1805, and educated at Highgate school and at St. Edmund's Roman catholic college, near Ware. At an early age he renounced the Roman catholic religion, and became a member of the church of England. He was articled to William Francis Patterson, a solicitor at Leamington, and after completing his articles, in November 1824 entered the Middle Temple as a student, and in due course commenced practice as a special pleader. On 29 Jan. 1830 he was called to the bar, joined the midland circuit, and regularly attended the Warwickshire sessions, soon rising into extensive practice as a junior both at sessions and on the circuit. In sessions' appeal cases, a very lucrative part of practice, he was peculiarly successful and very largely employed. In 1856 he was made serjeant-at-law, and on 22 Feb. 1861 obtained a patent of precedence to rank next after Archibald John Stephens, Q.C. In the following December he was appointed recorder of Leicester, and on the promotion to the bench of Mr. Justice Mellor, Hayes henceforth divided the lead of the midland circuit with Kenneth Macaulay, Q.C. For cases before a common jury Hayes was not well adapted, as his reasoning was too subtle and his wit too refined. Before special juries he was much more successful; every word and gesture usually had their effect, and in the famous Matlock will case, where he was the leader, the decision was greatly due to his extensive knowledge of the law and his masterly dissection of the evidence. His knowledge of the English classics was extensive and accurate, and he was well read in Latin, Greek, French, and Italian.
On 9 Aug. 1868, under an act passed for the appointment of additional judges, he was named a justice of the court of queen's bench, sworn in on 24 Aug., and knighted by the queen at Windsor Castle on 9 Dec. On 19 Nov. 1869, after sitting all day in the bail court at Westminster, he was seized with paralysis, and being removed to the Westminster Palace Hotel, died there on 24 Nov. He married, on 3 Sept. 1839, Sophia Anne, eldest daughter of John Hall (or Hill), M.D., of Leicester, by whom he left four sons and four daughters.
He was the author in 1854 of an elegy in which he humorously lamented the extinction of John Doe and Richard Roe from the pleadings in ejectment. His song on the celebrated case of the ‘Dog and the Cock’ was set to music, and occasionally sung by himself.
[Law Mag. and Law Review, 1870, xxix. 114–125; Reg. and Mag. of Biog. December 1869, pp. 304–5; Law Times, 27 Nov. 1869, p. 61; Times, 25 Nov. 1869, p. 9, and 26 Nov. p. 8; Foss's Judges, 1870, p. 333; Illustrated London News, 4 Dec. 1869, p. 578; Ann. Reg. 1869, p. 168.]
G. C. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hayes, John Macnamara

​HAYES, Sir JOHN MACNAMARA, M.D. (1750?–1809), physician, born in Limerick about 1750, was the son of John Hayes and Margaret, daughter and coheiress of Sheedy Macnamara of Ballyally, co. Clare (Foster, Baronetage, ed. 1882, p. 302). He served with distinction as an army surgeon in North America and the West Indies, and was promoted to be one of the physicians to the forces. On 20 March 1784 he took the degree of M.D. at Rheims, and was admitted a licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians on 26 June 1786. He was appointed physician extraordinary to the Prince of Wales in 1791, and was elected physician to ​the Westminster Hospital in 1792, an office which he resigned in 1794. He was created a baronet on 6 Feb. 1797, and became inspector-general of the military department at Woolwich. Hayes died on 19 July 1809, aged 59, and was buried at St. James's, Piccadilly. He married, on 1 May 1787, Anne, eldest daughter of Henry White White, one of the council of New York. She died on 18 Jan. 1848, having had two sons and two daughters. Hayes's portrait by Medley was engraved by N. Branwhite.
[Munk's Coll. of Phys. 1878, ii. 364.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hayes, Michael Angelo

​HAYES, MICHAEL ANGELO (1820–1877), painter, born in 1820 at Waterford, was son of Edward Hayes, a clever painter of portraits and miniatures, who also possessed some skill as a landscape-painter. Hayes first exhibited at the Royal Hibernian Academy's exhibition in Dublin in 1840, sending ‘The Deserter.’ He quickly gained a reputation for military subjects and others, in which horses took a prominent part, such as ‘The Race for the Corinthian Cup at Punchestown,’ and ‘Charge of the 3rd Light Dragoons at Moodkee.’ Large ceremonial subjects, like ‘The Installation of the Prince of Wales as a Knight of St. Patrick in St. Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin,’ also occupied him. He obtained a prize from the Irish Art Union for a set of drawings illustrating the ballad of ‘Savourneen Deelish.’ Hayes was in 1854 elected a member of the Royal Hibernian Academy, and in March 1856 was appointed secretary. In spite of an unfortunate schism in the Academy, Hayes retained the secretaryship, and published a pamphlet (Dublin, 1857) defending his position. Hayes was elected an associate member of the New Society of Water-colours in London, and was a regular contributor to their exhibitions. He was much respected in Dublin, and served the office of marshal of the city. On 31 Dec. 1877 he was accidentally drowned by falling into a tank on the top of his house at 4 Salem Place, Dublin. A picture by him of ‘Sackville Street, Dublin, Twenty-five Years Ago’ was at the Irish Exhibition in London, 1888. Another picture, ‘Wayside Country,’ was engraved by the National Art Union.
[Art Journal, 1878; Redgrave's Dict. of Artists; Freeman's Journal, 1 Jan. 1878; Hayes's Royal Hibernian Acad., a Glance, &c.]
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hayley, Robert

Robert Healy in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
​HAYLEY, ROBERT (d. 1770?), painter, born in Ireland, studied at Dublin under Robert West. He is chiefly noted for a peculiar method of drawing in black and white chalk, successfully imitating mezzotint. Many of his drawings were in the collections of the Earls of Moira and Mornington. Hayley died in Dublin about 1770.
[Redgrave's Dict. of Artists; Pasquin's Artists of Ireland.]
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jackson, John (d.1689?)

​JACKSON, JOHN (d. 1689?), organist and composer, was ‘instructor in musick’ at Ely in 1669 for one quarter only. He was organist of Wells Cathedral in 1676, and died at Wells probably in 1689, as administration was granted of his goods to Dorothea, his widow, in the December of that year. There are printed in Dering's ‘Cantica Sacra,’ second book, 1674, two of Jackson's anthems, ‘Set up Thyself’ and ‘Let God arise.’ In Tudway's manuscript collection, vol. ii. (Brit. Mus. Harl. MS. 7338), is Jackson's solo anthem, ‘The Lord said unto my Lord;’ in the choir-books of Wells are a service in C, and some single parts of various anthems and of a burial service. In the library of the Royal College of Music four out of the five chants described as ‘Welles tunes’ are attributed to Jackson, together with the organ part of the service in C, and of the anthems, ‘The days of Man,’ ‘O Lord, let it be Thy pleasure,’ ‘The Lord said unto my Lord,’ ‘O how amiable,’ ‘Christ our Passover,’ ‘Many a time’ (a thanksgiving anthem for 9 Sept. 1683), ‘God standeth in the congregation,’ and ‘I said in the cutting off of my days’ (a thanksgiving anthem for recovery from a dangerous illness).
[Grove's Dict. of Music, ii. 27; Cat. of the Library of the Sacred Harmonic Society; Dickson's Ely Cathedral; P. C. C. Administration Acts, December 1689.]
L. M. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jackson, Randle

​JACKSON, RANDLE (1757–1837), parliamentary counsel, son of Samuel Jackson of Westminster, was matriculated at Oxford 17 July 1789, at the age of thirty-two (Foster, Alumni Oxonienses). A member first of Magdalen Hall, afterwards of Exeter College, he was created M.A. 2 May 1793. In the same year, on 9 Feb., he was called to the bar by the Middle Temple (Foster; the Georgian Era, ii. 548, says by Lincoln's Inn). He was admitted ad eundem at the Inner Temple in 1805, and became a bencher of the Middle Temple in 1828. Jackson won a considerable reputation at the bar, and acted as parliamentary counsel of the East India Company and of the corporation of London. Five or six of his speeches delivered before parliamentary committees or the proprietors of East India stock on the grievances of clothworkers, the prolongation of the East India Company's charter, &c., were printed. Jackson died at North Brixton 15 March 1837. Besides his speeches, Jackson published: 1. ‘Considerations on the Increase of Crime,’ London, 1828, 8vo. 2. ‘A Letter to Lord Henley, in answer to one from his Lordship requesting a vote for Middlesex, and with observations on his Lordship's plan for a reform in our Church Establishment,’ London, 1832, 8vo.
[Authorities cited; Gent. Mag. 1837, i. 544; Brit. Mus. Cat.]
J. T-t.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jackson, John Baptist

​JACKSON, JOHN BAPTIST (1701–1780?), wood-engraver, born in 1701, is stated to have been a pupil of Elisha Kirkall [q. v.], and it has been conjectured that he and Kirkall engraved conjointly the anonymous wood-engravings in Croxall's edition of ‘Æsop's Fables.’ Some cuts to an edition of Dryden's ‘Poems’ in 1717 bear Jackson's initials. About 1726 Jackson went to Paris, where he was employed on engraving vignettes and illustrations for books, working under the well-known wood-engraver, Papillon, who has left a depreciatory notice of Jackson as a man and as an artist. Not being successful in Paris, Jackson went to Rome about 1731, and shortly afterwards removed to Venice, where he resided some years. At Venice Jackson engraved a fine title-page to an Italian translation of Suetonius's ‘Lives of the Cæsars’ (1738), and also devoted himself to a revival of the disused art of engraving in colours or chiaroscuro, by the superimposition of a number of different blocks. He published in 1738 as his first essay, in coloured engraving, ‘The Descent from the Cross’ by Rembrandt, now in the National Gallery, but then in the collection of Mr. Joseph Smith, the British consul at Venice, who patronised and employed Jackson. In 1745 he published a set of seventeen large coloured engravings from pictures by Titian, Paolo Veronese, and other Venetian painters, entitled ‘Titiani Vecelii, Pauli Caliari, Jacobi Robusti, et Jacopi de Ponte opera selectiora a Joanne Baptista Jackson Anglo ligno cœlata et coloribus adumbrata.’ He also engraved some chiaroscuros after Parmigiano, six coloured landscapes after Marco Ricci, and a portrait of Algernon Sydney. After twenty years on the continent Jackson returned to England, and started a manufactory of paper-hangings, printed in chiaroscuro, at Battersea, the first of its kind in England. In 1754 he published ‘An Essay on the Invention of Engraving and Printing in Chiaroscuro, as practised by Albert Dürer, Hugo di Carpi, &c., and the Applications of it to the Making Paper-hangings of Taste, Duration, and Elegance.’ Thomas Bewick, writing in his diary about 1780, notes that Jackson lived in old age at Newcastle-on-Tyne, and died in an asylum near the Teviot or on Tweedside.
[Chatto and Jackson's Hist. of Wood Engraving; Linton's Masters of Wood Engraving; Dodd's manuscript Hist. of English Engravers (Brit. Mus. Add. MS. 33402); Redgrave's Dict. of Artists.]
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jackson, John (d.1807)

According to the ODNB, the second sentence refers to a different John Jackson.
​JACKSON, JOHN (d. 1807), traveller, was for at least six years before 1792 a wine merchant at 31 Clement's Lane, City. In 1786 he sent to Richard Gough [q. v.], the topographer, a description of Roman remains then lately discovered during some excavations in Lombard Street and Birchin Lane, which was printed, with plates, in ‘Archæologia,’ vol. viii. He was made a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries, 15 March 1787. Some years afterwards he proceeded to India on private business; and on 4 May 1797 left Bombay by country ship for Bassora on his way home. He proceeded by way of the Euphrates and Tigris to Baghdad, and thence travelled through Kurdistan, Armorica, Anatolia, Bulgaria, Wallachia, Transylvania, reaching Hamburg on 28 Oct. the same year. He published an account of his travels under the title ‘Journey from India towards England …,’ London, 1799, in which he showed that the route he followed was practicable all the year round. In 1803 he communicated to the Society of Antiquaries an account of some excavations made under his directions among the ruins of Carthage and at Udena, published in ‘Archæologia,’ vol. xv., 1806. He also wrote ‘Reflections on the Commerce of the Mediterranean, deduced from actual experience during a residence on both shores of the Mediterranean Sea .. showing the advantages of increasing the number of British Consuls, and of holding possession of Malta as nearly equal to our West Indian trade,’ London, 1804, 8vo. He died in 1807 (Gent. Mag.)
[Lowndes's London Directory, 1789; List of the Soc. of Antiquaries of London, 1717–96; Index to Archæologia, vols. i–xxx.; Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Gent. Mag. vol. lxxvii. pt. ii. p. 785.]
H. M. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jackson, John Richardson

​JACKSON, JOHN RICHARDSON (1819–1877), engraver, born at Portsmouth on 14 Dec. 1819, was second son of E. Jackson, a banker in that town. In 1836 he became pupil to Robert Graves, A.R.A. [q. v.], from whom he learnt line-engraving. He subsequently devoted himself to engraving in mezzotint. In 1847 he engraved ‘The Otter and Salmon’ after Sir Edwin Landseer, which brought him into notice. He obtained frequent employment as an engraver of portraits, and to that work he almost entirely devoted himself. His engravings show careful drawing, and a great feeling for the colour in mezzotint. He engraved numerous portraits after George Richmond, R.A., including ‘Lord Hatherley,’ ‘The Earl of Radnor,’ ‘Samuel Wilberforce,’ ‘Archbishop Trench;’ several after J. P. Knight, R.A., including ‘Sir F. Grant, R.A.,’ and ‘F. R. Say;’ ‘The Queen’ after W. Fowler; ‘The Princess Royal and her Sisters’ after Winterhalter; ‘The Archbishop of Armagh’ after J. Catterson Smith, and ‘Lady Gertrude Fitzpatrick’ after Sir Joshua Reynolds. He also engraved, among other subjects, ‘St. John the Baptist’ after the well-known picture by Murillo in the National Gallery. Jackson died at Southsea of fever on 10 May 1877. There are some fine examples of his engravings in the print room at the British Museum.
[Printing Times, 15 June 1877; Art Journal, 1877, p. 155; Redgrave's Dict. of Artists.]
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jackson, Laurence

​JACKSON, LAURENCE (1691–1772), divine, born on 20 March 1691, son of Laurence Jackson of London, entered Merchant Taylors' School on 12 March 1700–1, was admitted a pensioner of St. John's College, Cambridge, in 1709, and graduated B.A. in 1712. He migrated to Sidney Sussex College, of which he was elected a fellow, and commenced M.A. in 1716, proceeding B.D. in 1723. He became vicar of Ardleigh, near Colchester, 11 May 1723, rector of Great Wigborough, Essex, 25 April 1730, was collated to the prebend of Asgarby in the cathedral church of Lincoln 15 April 1747, and died on 17 Feb. 1772.
His works are: 1. Verses on the death of his ‘pious friend and schoolfellow,’ Ambrose Bonwicke the younger [q. v.], prefixed to Bonwicke's ‘Life,’ 1729, and reprinted in Nichols's ‘Literary Anecdotes,’ v. 154. 2. ‘An Examination of a Book intituled “The True Gospel of Jesus Christ asserted,” by Thomas Chubb, and also of his Appendix on Providence. To which is added A Dissertation on Episcopacy, shewing in one short and plain view the Grounds of it in Scripture and Antiquity,’ London, 1739, 8vo. The ‘Dissertation’ is reprinted in ‘The Churchman's Remembrancer,’ vol. ii., London, 1807, 8vo. 3. ‘Remarks on Dr. Middleton's Examination of the Lord Bishop of London's [T. Sherlock] Discourses concerning the Use and Intent of Prophecy. In a Letter from a Country Clergyman to his Friend in London,’ London, 1750, 8vo. 4. ‘A Letter to a Young Lady concerning the Principles and Conduct of the Christian Life,’ London, 1756, 8vo; 4th edit., London, 1818, 12mo. 5. ‘A Short Review and Defence of the Authorities on which the Catholic Doctrine of the Trinity in Unity is grounded,’ London, 1771, 8vo.
[Addit. MS. 5873, f. 8 b; Cantabrigienses Graduati, 1787, p. 211; Gent. Mag. xlii. 151, xlviii. 623; Le Neve's Fasti (Hardy), ii. 103; Morant's Essex, i. 421, 435; Nichols's Lit. Anecd. i. 418, v. 154; Robinson's Register of Merchant Taylors' School, ii. 4; Watt's Bibl. Brit.]
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jackson, John Edward

​JACKSON, JOHN EDWARD (1805–1891), antiquary, born on 12 Nov. 1805, was second son of James Jackson, banker, of Doncaster, by Henrietta Priscilla, second daughter of Freeman Bower. Charles Jackson (1809–1882) [q. v.] was a younger brother. John matriculated at Oxford from Brasenose College on 9 April 1823, graduated B.A. with second-class classical honours in 1827, and proceeded M.A. in 1830 (Foster, Alumni Oxon. 1715–1886, ii. 736). In 1845 he became rector of Leigh Delamere-with-Sevington, Wiltshire, and in 1846 vicar of Norton Coleparle in the same county. He was also rural dean and honorary canon of Bristol (1855). Jackson, who was F.S.A., was librarian to the Marquis of Bath, and arranged and indexed the bulk of the manuscripts at Longleat (Hist. MSS. Comm. 3rd Rep. p. 180, 4th Rep. p. 227). He died in March 1891.
Jackson was a careful writer on antiquarian topics, and was always ready to aid fellow-students. His works are:
* ‘The History of Grittleton, co. Wilts,’ 4to, 1843, for Wilts Topographical Society.
* ‘A Guide to Farleigh-Hungerford, co. Somerset,’ 8vo, Taunton, 1853 (1860, 1879).
* ‘History of the ruined Church of St. Mary Magdalene, Doncaster,’ 4to, London, 1853.
* ‘Maud Heath's Causey,’ 4to, Devizes, 1854.
* ‘Murder of H. Long, Esq., A.D. 1594,’ 8vo, Devizes, 1854.
* ‘Kingston House, Bradford,’ 4to, Devizes, 1854.
* ‘History and Description of St. George's Church at Doncaster,’ 4to, London, 1855.
* ‘On the Hungerford Chapels ​in Salisbury Cathedral,’ 4to, Devizes, 1855. 9. ‘A List of Wiltshire Sheriffs,’ 4to, Devizes, 1856. 10. ‘History of Longleat,’ 8vo, Devizes, 1857. 11. ‘The History of Kington St. Michael, co. Wilts,’ 4to, Devizes, 1857. 12. ‘The History of the Priory of Monkton Farley, Wilts,’ 4to, Devizes, 1857. 13. ‘Swindon and its Neighbourhood,’ 4to, Devizes, 1861. 14. ‘Malmesbury,’ 4to, Devizes, 1863. 15. ‘Devizes,’ 4to, Devizes, 1864. 16. ‘The Sheriffs' Turn, Wilts, A.D. 1439,’ 4to, Devizes, 1872. Jackson also edited for the Wiltshire Archæological and Natural History Society the ‘Wiltshire Topographical Collection’ of John Aubrey, 4to, 1862; Leland's ‘Journey through Wiltshire,’ 4to (1875?); and for the Roxburghe Club the ‘Glastonbury Inquisition of A.D. 1189, called “Liber Henrici de Soliaco,”’ 4to, 1882. He was an active contributor to the ‘Wiltshire Archæological Magazine,’ in which appeared his valuable monographs on ‘Charles, Lord Stourton, and the Murder of the Hartgills, January 1557,’ 1864; ‘Ambresbury Monastery,’ 1866; ‘Ancient Chapels in Wilts,’ 1867; and ‘Rowley, alias Wittenham, co. Wilts,’ 1872, reissued separately. [Athenæum, 14 March 1891, p. 352; Crockford's Clerical Directory, 1890; Brit. Mus. Cat.; Foster's Yorkshire Pedigrees, vol. i.] G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Craig, Lewis

​CRAIG, Sir LEWIS, Lord Wrightslands (1569–1622), judge, eldest son of Sir Thomas Craig [q. v.] of Riccarton, by Helen, daughter of Heriot of Traboun, born in 1569, was educated at Edinburgh University, where he graduated M.A. in 1597. He studied the civil law at Poitiers, was admitted advocate at the Scotch bar in 1600. knighted and appointed an ordinary lord of session in 1604-5. He died in 1622.
J. M. R.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Craig, James Thomson Gibson

​CRAIG, JAMES THOMSON GIBSON (1799–1886), antiquary, was the second son of Sir James Gibson Craig [q. v.], the first baronet of Riccarton. He received his education at the high school and the university of Edinburgh, and afterwards became a writer to the signet. He was the friend of Scott and Jeffrey, of Cockburn and Macaulay, of antiquaries from the time of Kirkpatrick Sharpe and David Laing to the time of George Scharf, of artists from the days of Sir Henry Raeburn and the elder Nasmyth to those of Sir William Fettes Douglas. An original member of the Bannatyne Club he was known for his literary and antiquarian tastes, and for his extensive collection of works in various languages. In 1882 he issued in an edition of twenty-five copies a sumptuous series of facsimiles of historic and artistic bookbindings in his collection, and in 1883 a facsimile reprint of the ‘Shorte Summe of the whole Catechisme,’ by his ancestor, John Craig, accompanied with a memoir of the author by Thomas Graves Law. He died at Edinburgh on 18 July 1886. A first part of his valuable library was sold in London in June 1887.
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Craig, John (d.1731)

​CRAIG, JOHN (d. 1731), mathematician, said to have been a Scotsman who settled in Cambridge, was a distinguished mathematician and a friend of Newton. He wrote several papers in the ‘Philosophical Transactions,’ and published two mathematical treatises, ‘Methodus Figurarum … Quadraturas determinandi,’ 1685, and ‘Tractatus … de Figurarum Curvilinearum Quadraturis et locis Geometricis,’ 1693. These writings were of some importance in the development of the theory of fluxions, and involved him in a controversy with James Bernoulli. In 1699 he published his curious tract, ‘Theologiæ Christianæ Principia Mathematica.’ He applies the theory of probabilities to show how the evidence is gradually weakened by transmission through successive hands. He argues that in 1699 the evidence in favour of the truth of the gospel narrative was equal to that represented by the statement of twenty-eight contemporary disciples; but that in the year 3144 it will diminish to zero. He infers that the second coming (at which period it is doubtful whether faith will be found on the earth) must take place not later than the last epoch. He afterwards calculates the ratio of the happiness promised in another world to that obtainable in this, and proves it to be infinite. In spite of his vagaries Craig was in 1708 collated by his countryman Bishop Burnet to the prebend of Durnford in the cathedral of Salisbury, which in 1726 he exchanged for the prebend of Gillingham Major. This had been held from 1698 to 1720 by a William Craig, who may probably have been a connection. He is said to have been ‘an inoffensive, virtuous man,’ and he showed his simplicity by living in London in his later years in hopes of being noticed for his mathematical abilities. The hope was disappointed, and he died in London 11 Oct. 1731. Besides the above he published ‘De Calculo Fluentium libri duo,’ 1718.
[Hutchins's Dorsetshire, iii. 218, 220, iv. 420; General Biographical Dictionary, 1761; Le Neve's Fasti, ii. 665, 668, 669; Hutton's Math. Dict.; Montucla's Histoire, iii. 127–8, 130; De Morgan's Budget of Paradoxes, pp. 77–8.]