OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Renzy, Matthew de

​RENZY or RENTSI, Sir MATTHEW de (1577–1634), Irish writer, born in 1577, was a native of Cologne, and was said to be descended from Scanderbeg, but the ‘Biographie Universelle’ says the last descendant of the Albanian hero was the Marquis of St. Ange, who was killed at Pavia in 1525.
Sir Matthew was an officer of the customs in Ireland. In 1623 he corresponded with the lord-treasurer Middlesex about revenue business (Hist. MSS. Comm. 4th Rep. App. pp. 284, 302). On 30 Jan. 1628–9 he wrote to Middlesex that there was a plot among the Leinster catholics to massacre the English (ib. p. 290). He received grants of land from James I, and also purchased property in King's County, where he made considerable improvements. He died on 29 Aug. 1634. Clobemon Hall, Ferns, was held by his descendants until recent times. A monument still standing in St. Peter's Church, Athlone, was erected by his son Matthew one year after his death. According to the inscription, he was ‘a great traveller and general linguist, and kept correspondence with most nations in many weighty affairs; and in three years gave great perfection to this nation by composing a grammar, dictionary, and chronicle in the Irish tongue: in accounts most expert, and exceeding all others to his great applause.’ Diligent search has been made for the works mentioned, but without result, and if they are extant it is probably in some foreign library.
R. B-l.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Reppes, William

​REPPES or RUGG, WILLIAM (d. 1550), bishop of Norwich. [See Rugg.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Renniger, Michael

​RENNIGER or RHANGER, MICHAEL, D.D. (1530–1609), divine, born in Hampshire in 1530, received his education at Cambridge, where he graduated B.A. Afterwards he removed to Magdalen College, Oxford, and in 1546 he proceeded B.A. in that university. He was Greek lecturer in the college from 1548 to 1550, commenced M.A. in 1549, and was appointed college lecturer in natural philosophy in 1551. During the reign of Edward VI he was distinguished as a preacher. He became rector of Broughton, Hampshire, on 14 June 1552, on the presentation of Robert Renniger, and resigned that benefice in 1557.
Soon after the accession of Queen Mary he, with other members of Magdalen College who adhered to the reformed doctrines, retired to the continent and lived mainly at Strasburg, but in 1554 he was with the English exiles at Zürich. On the death of Queen Mary he returned to this country, was made one of the chaplains to Queen Elizabeth, and zealously championed the protestant religion. He was presented by the queen to the rectory of Crawley, Hampshire, on 1 Jan. 1559–60, and he was installed prebendary of Winchester on 3 Aug. 1560 (Le Neve, Fasti, ed. Hardy, iii. 33). He was appointed chancellor of Lincoln in 1566, and precentor and prebendary of Empingham in that church on 27 June 1567. He was inducted to the subdeanery of Lincoln on 16 Oct. 1568. He resigned the precentorship, but kept the prebend of Empingham, though not without opposition, for he was installed anew on 12 Sept. 1592 on the queen's title (ib. ii. 148). On 10 Oct. 1573 he proceeded B.D. and D.D. at Oxford. He became rector of Chilbolton, Hampshire, and archdeacon of Winchester on 20 May 1575; prebendary of the sixth stall in the church of Winchester on 9 April 1581, though he resigned it two days later; and prebendary of Reculverland in the church of St. Paul, London, on 1 July 1583. He died on 26 Aug. 1609, and was buried in Crawley church.
He contributed to ‘Carmina in mortem duorum fratrum Suffolciensium, Henrici et Caroli Brandon,’ London, 1552, 4to. His verses are the longest in that very rare volume. He published: 1. ‘De Pii Quinti et Gregorii Decimi tertii Romanorum Pontificum furoribus contra Elizabetham Angliæ, Franciæ et Hyberniæ Reginam,’ London, 1582, 8vo; dedicated to Queen Elizabeth. 2. ‘A Treatise containing two Parts: (1) An Exhortation to true Love, Loyaltie, and Fidelitie to Her Majestie; (2) A Treatise against Treasons, Rebellions, and such Disloyalties,’ London, 1587, 8vo. 3. ‘Syntagma Hortationum ad Jacobum Regem Angliæ,’ London, 1604, 8vo. A Latin translation of ‘A Defence for Mariage of Priestes,’ by John Ponet or ​Poynet [q. v.], bishop of Winchester, is also assigned to him.
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1912 supplement/Boswell, John James

​BOSWELL, JOHN JAMES (1835–1908), major-general, son of Dr. John James Boswell of the East India Company's Bengal medical service by his wife Anna Mary, daughter of Andrew Moffat Wellwood, was born at Edinburgh on 27 Sept. 1835. He was educated at the West Academy, Jedburgh, and at the Academy, Edinburgh. Boswell entered the Bengal army as ensign on 10 Aug. 1852, and becoming lieutenant on 23 Nov. 1856, joined the 3rd Punjab infantry on field service in the Meeranzai Valley in Dec. 1856. In June 1857, on the outbreak of the Indian Mutiny, he proceeded in command of a detachment of the 3rd and 6th Punjab infantry to join the movable column under John Nicholson [q. v.] at Amritsar. Accompanying the column on its forced march of forty-four miles to Gurdaspore, he commanded the native infantry in the actions with Sialkot mutineers on 12 and 16 July at Trimmu Ghat, and for his service there he received the medal. With his regiment he joined General Sir Sydney John Cotton's field force in 1858 in the expedition to Sittana over the Eusofzai border in the north-west to root out a colony of fanatics and rebel sepoys, Promoted captain on 10 Aug. 1864, he took part in the Hazara campaign of 1868, and was engaged with Colonel Keyes's force against the Bezotis in Feb. 1869, receiving the North-West frontier medal with clasp. He became major on 10 Aug. 1872, and lieut.-colonel on 10 Aug. 1878. Boswell attended the Delhi durbar (1 Jan. 1877), when Queen Victoria was proclaimed Empress of India, and received the Kaiser-i-Hind medal. Throughout the Afghan war of 1878-80 he commanded the 2nd Sikh infantry, and was present in the battle of Ahmed Khel (19 April 1880), being mentioned in despatches. He was also at the engagement at Ursu near Ghazni (23 April) under Sir Donald Stewart [q. v. Suppl. I]. Subsequently he accompanied Sir Frederick (afterwards Lord) Roberts on the march to Kandahar and was present at the battle of Kandahar, being mentioned in despatches and receiving the medal with two clasps and bronze decoration. He was made C.B. on 28 Feb. 1881, and colonel on 10 Aug. 1882. He retired as honorary major-general, 1 May 1885, and was appointed J.P. for Roxburghshire. He died at Darnlee, Melrose, on 9 Oct. 1908, and was buried at Greyfriars, Edinburgh. He married in 1860 Esther, daughter of John Elliot, solicitor, Jedburgh. She survived him without issue.
[The Times, 19 Oct. 1908 ; Hart's Army List; H. B. Hanna, The Second Afghan War, 1910, vol. iii. ; Sydney John Cotton's Nine Years on the North- West Frontier, 1868 ; private information.]
H. M. V.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1912 supplement/Boothby, Guy Newell

​BOOTHBY, GUY NEWELL (1867–1905), novelist, born at Glenosmond, Adelaide, South Australia, on 13 Oct. 1867, was eldest of three sons of Thomas Wilde Boothby, member of the South Australian house of assembly, by his wife Mary Agnes, daughter of Edward Hodding of Odstock, Salisbury, Wiltshire. His grandfather, Benjamin Boothby (1803–1868), a native of Doncaster, emigrated with his family to South Australia in 1853 on being appointed second judge of the supreme court of South Australia, and was removed from office in 1867 by the South Australian parliament owing to his objections to the Real Property (Torrens) Act. His uncle, Josiah Boothby, C.M.G., born at Nottingham, was permanent under secretary for the government of South Australia from 1868 to 1880.
About 1874 Boothby was sent to England, and received his education at Salisbury. In 1883 he returned to South Australia, and in 1890 became private secretary to the mayor of Adelaide. During this period he devoted himself to writing plays without success. In October 1888 he produced a melodrama at the Albert Hall, Adelaide, entitled 'Falsely Accused,' and in August 1891 at the Theatre Royal 'The Jonquille,' a piece founded upon incidents connected with the French revolution. Of a roving disposition, he made in 1891-2 a journey across Australia from north to south; and in 1894 published 'On the Wallaby,' in which he described in a lively style his travelling experiences. In the same year he settled in England, first at Champion Hill and afterwards near Bournemouth, where he devoted himself to novel-writing and occupied his leisure in collecting live fish and breeding horses, cattle, and prize dogs. He died unexpectedly of influenza at his house in Boscombe on 26 Feb. 1905, and was buried in Bournemouth cemetery.
The many stories which Boothby wrote at an exceptionally rapid rate during his last ten years were crowded with sensation, showed an eye for a dramatic situation, and enjoyed a wide vogue, but he had small faculty for characterisation or literary style. He produced in all fifty-five volumes. He was at his best in his earlier ​studies of Australian life in 'A Lost Endeavour' (1895), 'Bushigrams' (1897), and 'Billy Binks, Hero, and other Stories' (1898). His best known novel, 'A Bid for Fortune, or Dr. Nikola's Vendetta' (1895; 2nd edit. 1900), first appeared as a serial in the 'Windsor Magazine,' Its success led Boothby to prolong his hero's mysterious adventures through many subsequent volumes, including 'Dr. Nikola' (1896), 'Dr. Nikola's Experiment' (1899), and 'Farewell Nikola' (1901).
On 8 Oct. 1895 Boothby married Rose Alice, third daughter of William Bristowe of Champion Hill. She survived him with two daughters and one son.
[The Times, 28 Feb. 1905; Athenæum, 4 March 1905; Adelaide Chronicle, 4 March 1905; Adelaide Advertiser, 28 March 1905; Bournemouth Guardian, 4 March 1905; Brit. Mus. Cat.; private information.]
G. S. W.
# Dobbins's Distillery v. United States

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
96 U.S. 395
Dobbins's Distillery v. United States
ERROR to the Circuit Court of the United States for the District of Iowa.
The facts are stated in the opinion of the court.
Mr. Robert G. Ingersoll and Mr. A. L. Merriman for the plaintiff in error, cited Wharton, Crim. Law, 325.
Mr. Assistant-Attorney-General Smith, contra.
MR. JUSTICE CLIFFORD delivered the opinion of the court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Hawkweed

Edition of 1802.
​HAWKWEED, or Hieracium, L. a native genus of perennial plants, comprising forty-six species, the principal of which are:
1. The Pilosella, Mouse-ear Hawkweed, which grows in dry meadows, pastures, and on walls; its flowers possess the singular property of opening in the morning, and closing early in the afternoon: they blow from May to September. This species differs from other lactescent plants, being less bitter, and more astringent, on which account it was formerly esteemed in the cure of blood-spitting.—It is considered as noxious to sheep, which are not partial to it; and though eaten by goats, it is refused by horses and cows.
2. The auricula, Narrow-leaved Hawkweed, or Umbelled Mouse-ear, thrives on mountains, in the county of Westmorland, and flowers in the month of July. It deserves to be cultivated on the borders of gardens where bees are kept; for, according to Bechstein, it furnishes them with an abundance of wax and honey.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Head-wark

Edition of 1802.
​Head-wark. Seed Red Poppy.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Hedge-hog

Edition of 1802.
​HEDGE-HOG, the Common, or Hystrix erinaceus, L. is a quadruped, which is from nine to ten inches in length, the body is of an oblong form, entirely covered with sharp quills on its back, but with hair on the breast; the ears are broad, round, and short, and the eyes small and protuberant.
The females of these animals, after a gestation of seven weeks, produce four or five young ones, of a whitish colour, with only the points of the bristles appearing above the skin.
Hedge-hogs unnaturally devour their offspring, and all attempts hitherto made to domesticate them, have proved ineffectual. They ​frequent woods, live under the trunks of old trees, in the chinks of rocks, or under large stones. Being of a timid disposition, they proceed only at night in quest of food, which consists of fallen fruit, roots, leaves, insects, &c. It is, however, not founded on truth, that they extract the milk from the udders of cows; as the peculiar smallness of their mouth renders the act of sucking impracticable.—They may be advantageously kept in gardens, where they will be of considerable service, by devouring many noxious insects, especially moles, mice, and snails, which last they eat with great avidity.—The flesh of these creatures is eatable.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Hedge-mustard

Edition of 1802.
​Hedge-mustard. See Mustard.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Haw

Edition of 1802.
​HAW, or Haugh, in farriery, is a spongy excrescence in the inner corner of the eyes of horses, or other cattle, and which, if not timely removed, will occasion total blindness. It arises from gross humours, and is known by the watering of the eye, and the opening of the lower side.
To cure this excrescence, farriers direct the affected animal to be held fast by the head, and the upper eye-lid to be drawn back by means of a needle and strong ​thread; which, in cows or oxen, may be tied to one of the horns. The haw is then to be carefully cut out with a knife, after which the eye should be dressed, then washed with a sponge dipped in beer, or ale, and salt, in order to clease it properly, and absorb the blood. This operation, however, ought to be performed only by skilful farriers, as many valuable horses have been rendered irrecoverably blind by the deep cutting of ignorant pretenders. In such case, the wound must be dressed with honey of roses; and, if any fungous or spongy flesh should arise, it ought to be sprinkled with burnt alum, or to be touched with blue vitriol, that it might be completely eradicated. Where sheep are affected with the haws, the practice is to drop the juice of chamomile, or crows-foot, into the eye.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Hawk

Edition of 1802.
​HAWK, the Common, or Sparrowhawk, Falco Nisus, L. is a bold and spirited bird: it abounds in almost every part of Europe; and varieties of it are found dispersed over the whole earth.
The length of the male of these birds is twelve inches; that of the female fifteen; the former differs both in size and colour from the latter. The female builds her nest in hollow trees, high rocks, or lofty ruins, sometimes in the old nest of a crow, and generally lays four or five eggs, marked at the pointed end with reddish spots.
The Sparrowhawk is obedient and docile: by keeping him awake three or four days successively in a hoop, till he become almost delirious, he may afterwards be easily trained to hunt partridges and quails. In a wild state, however, these creatures commit great depredations on pigeons, poultry, rabbits, hares, &c. so that the following method of catching them will probably be acceptable to many readers.
A hawk-cage, made upon a plan similar to that of a goldfinch trap-cage, but larger, and baited with two house-sparrows, should be exposed in a fine clear morning, on a hedge, or some other open place, and left out till late in the evening. By this simple contrivance, those predatory birds might be easily taken; and either destroyed, or preserved for the purposes of hawking; an amusement that has lately been abandoned in this country, and therefore requires no description.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Hawthorn

Edition of 1802.
​HAWTHORN, or Cratægus, L. a genus of plants, consisting of twenty-five species, three of which are natives of Britain.
1. The Aria (Pyrus Aria of Dr. Smith), White-beam Hawthorn, or Wild Pear-tree, which grows in woods and hedges, especially in mountainous situations with a calcareous soil, and flowers in the month of May. It delights in dry hills, and open exposures, thriving either in gravel or clay. It will bear lopping, and does not prevent grass from growing beneath it. The white-beam hawthorn is eaten by sheep and goats, which last animals devour it with avidity. Its fruit is red, and when mellowed by the autumnal frosts, furnishes a grateful repast;—a spirituous liquor may be obtained from it by distillation. This species seldom produces a good crop of fruit for two years in succession; but its barrenness is amply compensated by the utility of its hard, tough, and smooth wood: which is formed into axle-trees, wheels, walking-sticks, carpenter's and other tools: its seed should either be sown as soon as it becomes ripe, or preserved in damp sand.
2. The Oxyacantha (Mespilus Oxyacantha of Dr. Smith) White-thorn, or May, which grows in hedges, woods, and old parks. This is a very valuable shrub, and, on account of the stiffness of its branches, the sharpness of its thorns, and its hardiness in enduring the severest winters without injury, it is universally preferred for making fences and hedges. The berries during winter afford food to various birds, but may be more usefully employed in fattening hogs: the wood is very tough, and, like the white-beam hawthorn, converted into axle-trees and handles for tools.
There are several varieties of this species, of which we shall mention only the celebrated Glastonbury Thorn. It is in bloom twice in the year: the winter blossoms (about the size of a sixpence) appear about Christmas, and much earlier, if the winter be very severe. These, however, produce no fruit. This extraordinary thorn has been celebrated for its age, for nearly a whole century; the oldest inhabitants never having observed it in any other than its present state. The berries of this miraculous variety contain only one seed; and, when sown, produce plants which differ in no respect from the common hawthorn.
3. The torminalis, Wild Service-tree, Sorb, or Service Hawthorn, which grows in woods and hedges, and flowers in the month of May. Its dark yellow berries ripen in October, and may be eaten either raw or preserved in sugar. They also yield, on fermentation, a good vinegar, as well as an ardent spirit by distilling them: where they abound, hogs may be easily fattened.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Head-ach

Edition of 1802.
​HEAD-ACH, or Cephalalgia, a painful sensation in the head, produced by various causes, and attended with different effects, according to its various degrees, and the part of the head where it is situated.
​Head-ach, in general, is only a symptom of disease, and frequently occasioned by effusions of blood on the brain, as also by ulcers, accretions, &c. on that sensible organ. Persons of a sedentary life, or those subject in costiveness or indigestion, are more peculiarly liable to attacks of the head-ach. An acrimonious state of the fluids; the stone; catarrhs; contusions on the head; a diseased state of the teeth; piles; hysterics; strong odours of every kind; the fumes of tobacco; rheumatism; gout; scurvy; worms both in the intestines and in the head; too much hair; grief; and intoxication, are among the numerous causes of this affection, which is sometimes so violent as almost to deprive the unhappy sufferer of his senses.
Where the head-ach origin from an internal cause situated within the brain, it is seldom curable. In nervous affections, relief may sometimes be procured by venesection, cupping, or leeches; by sneezing remedies, blisters, issues, or other topical discharges near the head; by purgatives; or by determining the fluids to other parts. Frequent combing and cutting of the hair, as well as bathing the feet in tepid water, will likewise be found very serviceable.—A poultice of elder flowers applied to the part affected, has been sometimes attended with good effects, as also has the holding of a piece of hellebore in the ear.
According to Thunberg, Cajeput oil, applied to the head, will afford considerable relief. Similar success has attended the application of æther and spirits of harts-horn as a sternutatory, and as a local remedy. It is asserted, that the most acute and obstinate head-achs have been removed by the use of vervain, both internally in the form of a decoction, and also by suspending the herb round the neck. Strong coffee has likewise been of considerable service, especially to phlegmatic habits, and those whose digestion is impaired.
The diet of persons afflicted with the head-ach ought to consist of such emollient substances as will prevent costiveness; for instance, stewed prunes, apples, spinach, &c. The drink should be diluting, such as barley-water, or infusions of malt, &c. Their feet and legs should be kept warm, and the head shaved, frequently bathed with warm water and vinegar, retaining it as much as possible in an erect posture.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Head

Edition of 1802.
​HEAD, the uppermost or foremost part of the animal body.
As the foundation of many diseases is laid, by taking cold in this part of the frame, we shall offer a few hints relative to its covering.—For new-born children, an easy and moderately warm head-dress is fully sufficient during the first weeks of their existence; as superfluous ornaments only tend to encumber and to fatigue them. The infant's cap, however, ought not to be narrow, nor tied too closely, lest the head be compressed, the muscles of the ears crippled, and the sense of hearing impaired.
It is equally hurtful for children and adults to walk in the sun with the head uncovered, yet our cumbersome black hats though sanctioned by custom and fashion, are generally too heavy for the hot days of summer; they ought to be manufactured of lighter materials, and either white, or dyed of some light colour, especially for soldiers, travellers, and persons labouring in the field. Such individuals should wear hats made of oil-cloth, supported by fine wires, or of straw, chips, &c.
In this temperate climate, youth may with safety be accustomed to go with their heads uncovered; but, in those countries where either of the two extremes of heat or cold prevail, the opposite practice must be adopted.
Many diseases, however, might be avoided, were the trite, but true maxim of "keeping the head cool," more strictly attended to. Hence the wearing of thick and warm night-caps, whether at night, or in the day time, cannot be too much reprobated; as those who indulge in this whimsical habit, render themselves continually liable to take cold from the slightest change in the atmosphere: thus baldness, violent head-achs, and not unfrequently a lethargic stupor, or insanity, are among the many fatal effects which sooner or later follow this imprudent custom.—See also Hair.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Hedge-hyssop

Edition of 1802.
​Hedge-hyssop. See Hyssop-leaved Loose-strife.