# Geographic Areas Reference Manual

Geographic Areas Reference Manual
U.S. Department of Commerce Economics and Statistics Administration Bureau of the Census
The Geographic Areas Reference Manual (GARM) was produced by the Geography Division, Robert A. LaMacchia, acting Division Chief and Assistant Division Chief for Planning, under the direction of Robert W. Marx, former Division Chief, and Joel Sobel, Chief, Geographic Areas Branch.
Nancy K. Torrieri directed all activities leading to the writing, review, and publication of the GARM. James B. Davis was responsible for research, presentation, and editorial review of the text. Elaine N. Gregory coordinated publication activities and review of the maps and graphics. Geography Division staff contributing significantly to the writing of the chapters were David R. Aultman, Lee C. Bush, James B. Davis, Joan F. Greendeer-Lee, Donald I. Hirschfeld, Catherine M. McCully, Joseph L. Marinucci, Catherine L. Miller, Joel C. Miller, Janemary G. Rosenson, and Beatrice L. Warren. Robert W. Marx, Joel Sobel, Nancy K. Torrieri, and Michael R. Ratcliffe of the Geography Division, and Robert C. Speaker, James D. Fitzsimmons, Richard L. Forstall, Donald E. Starsinic, and Donald C. Dahmann of the Population Division, contributed significantly to the editorial review. Charlene K. Bickings of the Geography Division designed the graphics, cover illustration, and publication layout style. Timothy F. Trainor, Connie Beard, Carl C. Sanders, April M. Robbins, and Richard E. Hartgen of the Geography Division oversaw the production of the maps. Wendell McManus of the Geography Division, and Martha E. Gurtz, Jacqueline R. Appell, and Carol Hendrich of the Data Preparation Division provided cartographic support. Erskie D. Greggs and Karen L. Abercrumbie of the Geography Division provided publication support. Linda H. Ambill and other staff of the Administration and Publication Services Division, Walter C. Odom, Chief, provided procurement, editorial, design, publication, and printing services.
Many members of the staff of the Geography Division contributed to early drafts of chapters that now appear in the GARM. Staff working under the direction of Susan B. Hardy and the late Alice M. Winterfeld, former chiefs of the Geographic Areas Branch, produced draft versions of GARM chapters for dissemination to participants in the Census Bureau-sponsored Geographic Areas Conferences held during the 1980s. In particular, we wish to acknowledge the substantial contributions of the late Gerald R. McManus, who wrote and reviewed many of these early draft chapters. We dedicate the GARM to his memory, and thank all other Census Bureau staff, too numerous to identify, who contributed to this project in the past.
Geographic Areas Reference Manual
Issued November 1994
U.S. Department of Commerce Ronald H. Brown, Secretary David J. Barram, Deputy Secretary
Economics and Statistics Administration Everett M. Ehrlich, Under Secretary for Economic Affairs
BUREAU OF THE CENSUS Harry A. Scarr, Acting Director
Economics and Statistics Administration
Everett M. Ehrlich, Under Secretary for Economic Affairs
BUREAU OF THE CENSUS
Harry A. Scarr, Acting Director
Paula J. Schneider, Principal Associate Director for Programs
Robert W. Marx, Associate Director for Decennial Census
Susan M. Miskura, Assistant Director for Decennial Census
GEOGRAPHY DIVISION Robert A. LaMacchia, Acting Chief
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
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