OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# NIOSH Guide to the Selection and Use of Particulate Respirators Certified Under 42 CFR 84/Acknowledgments

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This document was initially drafted by Jeff Bryant and Walter Ruch. Technical review and assistance were provided by Roland Berry Ann, Nancy Bollinger, Donald Campbell, Bryan Hardin, Linda Martin, Richard Metzler, Ernest Moyer, Robert Mullan, and Laurence Reed. We thank Judy Hudnall and Dick Carlson for art work and cover design, Anne Hamilton for editing, and Diane Manning for preparation of the manuscript and the camera-ready copy.
NIOSH thanks the American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA), particularly Anna-Marie DiPasquale, John Meagher, and Tom Nelson, for providing the facilities and organizing the joint AIHA/NIOSH technical workshop (July 1995). Thanks to all the workshop participants and many reviewers who helped in completing this document.
# NIOSH Guide to the Selection and Use of Particulate Respirators Certified Under 42 CFR 84/Appendix C

FLOW CHART FOR SELECTING PART 84 PARTICULATE FILTERS
$^*$The higher the filter efficiency, the lower the filter leakage. $^†$Limited by considerations of hygiene, damage, and breathing resistance. $^‡$High (200 mg) filter loading in the certification test is intended to address the potential for filter efficiency degradation by solid or water-based (i.e., non-oil) aerosols in the workplace. Accordingly, there is no recommended service time in most workplace settings. However, in dirty workplaces (high aerosol concentrations), service time should only be extended beyond 8 hours of use (continuous or intermittent) by performing an evaluation in specific workplace settings that demonstrates (a) that extended use wiil not degrade the filter efficiency below the certified efficiency level, or (b) that the total mass loading of the filter is less than 200 mg (100 mg per filter for dual-filter respirators). $^§$No specific service time limit when oil aerosols are not present. In the presence of oil aerosols, service time may be extended beyond 8 hours of use (continuous or intermittent) by demonstrating (a) that extended use will not degrade the filter efficiency below the certified efficiency level, or (b) that the total mass loading of the filter is less than 200 mg (100 mg per filter for dual-filter respirators).
# NIOSH Guide to the Selection and Use of Particulate Respirators Certified Under 42 CFR 84/Appendix D

EXAMPLES OF PART 84 RESPIRATOR SELECTION
RESPIRATOR SELECTION PROCESS FOR IRON OXIDE FUME (25 mg/m³)
* The IDLH for iron oxide is 2,500 mg/m³ and there is sufficient oxygen so that an air-purifying respirator can be used.
* Iron oxide is not an oil particulate. Therefore, a respirator with a Type N filter can be used.
* The OSHA PEL for iron oxide is 10 mg/m³. The HR for iron oxide in this example is (25 mg/m³)/(10 mg/m³) = 2.5.
* A minimally appropriate respirator would be a half-mask respirator (commonly accepted APF = 10) with an N95 filter. The N95 filter service time is limited only by considerations of hygiene, damage, and breathing resistance.
RESPIRATOR SELECTION PROCESS FOR MIXTURE OF COPPER DUST (22 mg/m³) AND OIL MIST (8 mg/m³)
* The atmosphere is non-IDLH (2,500 mg/m³ for oil mist and 100 mg/m³ for copper) and has sufficient oxygen so that an air-purifying respirator can be used.
* The OSHA PEL is 1 mg/m³ for copper dust and 5 mg/m³ for oil mist.
* Oil mist is present; therefore, either an R- or P-series filter should be used.
* In this example, the HR for copper dust is (22 mg/m³)/(1 mg/m³) = 22, and the HR for the oil mist is (8 mg/m³)/(5 mg/m³) = 1.6. Since the copper dust HR is the higher of the two contaminants, this value should be used to select the appropriate respirator. Because the HR of 22 exceeds the APF of 10 for a half-mask respirator, a minimally appropriate respirator would be a full-facepiece respirator with either an R95 or a P95 filter. If the R95 filter is used, it should be used for one shift only (see Table 1 in Section C of Chapter II) unless the testing previously described has been done to allow more than one shift. ​
RESPIRATOR SELECTION PROCESS FOR THE INSECTICIDE DUST DINITRO-o-CRESOL (0.6 mg/m³)
* The IDLH for dinitro-o-cresol is 5 mg/m³ and there is sufficient oxygen so that an air-purifying respirator can be used.
* Dinitro-o-cresol is a solid particulate with a low vapor pressure, and there is no oil aerosol in this example. Therefore, a respirator with an N-series filter can be used (Note: See discussion on vapor in item 4, below).
* The OSHA PEL for dinitro-o-cresol is 0.2 mg/m³. The HR in this example for dinitro-o-cresol is (0.6 mg/m³)/(0.2 mg/m³) = 3.
* A minimally appropriate respirator would be a half-mask respirator (APF = 10) with an N95 filter. The N95 filter service time is limited by hygiene, damage, and breathing resistance. Ifa particular pesticide (including insecticide) presents a vapor hazard, a combination organic vapor and appropriate particulate filter should be used.
# NIOSH Guide to the Selection and Use of Particulate Respirators Certified Under 42 CFR 84/Appendix A

PART 11 AND PART 84 LABELS FOR VARIOUS FILTERS
* United States Department of Labor MSHA Mine Safety and Health Administration
* MSHA/NIOSH Approval TC-21C-XXX Issued to ABC Co. February 31, 1990
* The approved assembly consists of the following parts:
* 000-000
* 000-000
* etc.
PART 84 LABEL FOR N100 AND P95 FILTER
DEF MANUFACTURING COMPANY ANYWHERE, USA 1-800-555-1234
THESE RESPIRATORS ARE APPROVED ONLY IN THE FOLLOWING CONFIGURATIONS:
RESPIRATOR COMPONENTS :
| TC- | PROTECTION$^1$ | FACEPIECE | FILTER | FILTER | CAUTIONS AND LIMITATIONS$^1$ |
| | | HALO 1000 | NO100 | PO95 | |
| 84A-00X | N100 | X | X | | ABCJLMNO |
| 84A-00Y | P95 | X | | X | ABCJLMNO |
1. PROTECTION
| N100-Particulate Filter (99.97% filter efficiency level) is effective against particulate aerosols free of oil; time use restrictions may apply. | P95-Particulate Filter (95% filter efficiency level) is effective against all particulate aerosols. |
2. CAUTIONS AND LIMITATIONS A—Not for use in atmospheres containing less than 19.5% oxygen. B—Not for use in atmospheres immediately dangerous to life or health. C—Do not exceed maximum use concentrations established by regulatory standards. J—Failure to use and maintain this product properly could result in injury or death. L—Follow the manufacturer's instructions for changing cartridges and/or filters. M—All approved respirators shall be selected, fitted, used, and maintained in accordance with MSHA, OSHA, and other applicable regulations. N―Never substitute, modify, add, or omit parts. Use only exact replacement parts in the configuration specified by the manufacturer O—Refer to user instructions and/or maintenance manuals for information about use and maintenance of these respirators.
PART 84 LABEL FOR P100 FILTER
DEF MANUFACTURING COMPANY ANYWHERE, USA 1-800-555-1234
THESE RESPIRATORS ARE APPROVED ONLY IN THE FOLLOWING CONFIGURATIONS: :
| TC- | PROTECTION$^1$ | RESPIRATOR | CAUTIONS AND LIMITATIONS$^1$ | CAUTIONS AND LIMITATIONS$^1$ |
| 84A-00X | P100 | HALO 2000 | ABCJMNO |
1. PROTECTION
2. CAUTIONS AND LIMITATIONS A—Not for use in atmospheres containing less than 19.5% oxygen. B—Not for use in atmospheres immediately dangerous to life or health. C—Do not exceed maximum use concentrations established by regulatory standards. J—Failure to use and maintain this product properly could result in injury or death. M—All approved respirators shall be selected, fitted, used, and maintained in accordance with MSHA, OSHA, and other applicable regulations. N―Never substitute, modify, add, or omit parts. Use only exact replacement parts in the configuration specified by the manufacturer O—Refer to user instructions and/or maintenance manuals for information about use and maintenance of these respirators.
# NIOSH Guide to the Selection and Use of Particulate Respirators Certified Under 42 CFR 84/Appendix B

SUBSTITUTION OF PART 84 RESPIRATORS FOR PART 11 RESPIRATORS ALREADY IN USE
The following selection guidelines are intended for those who are currently using a Part 11 respirator that has been properly selected. In this context, a properly selected respirator means one that has been selected based on knowledge of the contaminant and its concentration in a particular work setting, the exposure limit of the contaminant, and the general principles of respirator selection.
Following these recommendations is the simplest approach to making the transition from Part 11 filters to Part 84 filters. However, this approach may yield filter recommendations that exceed those actually required in a particular work setting. For example, because both the 99% and 95% filters outperform the DM and DFM filter classes, there may be situations where the 99% or 95% filters are an appropriate substitute for a HEPA filter.
1. If you are currently using a DFM or DM filter:
2. If you are currently using a HEPA filter:
* NOTE: All nine classes of Part 84 filters are appropriate for protection against TB (see Chapter II, Section F).
3. If you are currently using a paint-lacquer-enamel combination cartridge:
4. If you are currently using a pesticide respirator for protection against a particulate and an organic vapor:
* NOTE: Particulate filters will not protect against gases or vapors.
# NIOSH Guide to the Selection and Use of Particulate Respirators Certified Under 42 CFR 84/Appendix E

COMMONLY ASKED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ABOUT PART 84 RESPIRATORS
* How effective are the Part 84 filter respirators against particles smaller than 0.3 micrometer in diameter? The 0.3-micrometer diameter used in the certification testing is approximately the most penetrating particle size for particulate filters. Although it seems contrary to expectation, smaller particles do not penetrate as readily as 0.3-micrometer particles. Therefore, these respirators will filter all other particle sizes at least as well as the certified efficiency level.
* How effective are the Part 84 filter respirators against asbestos fibers or other rod-shaped particles? Although fibers or rod-shaped particles may have very small cross-sectional diameters relative to their lengths, the Part 84 particulate filter respirators will be at least as efficient against this particle shape as the certified efficiency level.
* How do I tell a new Part 84 particulate filter from the Part 11 predecessors? There are several labeling changes for Part 84 filter respirators that should enable users to distinguish between the Part 11 and Part 84 respirators. These are as follows:
** NIOSH and DHHS emblems on Part 84 labels replace NIOSH and MSHA logos on Part 11 labels.
** The approval number will be in the format of TC-84A-xxxx for Part 84 devices rather than TC-21C-xxxx or TC-23C-xxxx for Part 11 devices (except for particulate PAPRs, which will continue to be numbered with the sequence TC-21C-xxxx or TC-23C-xxxx).
** The certification filter series and efficiency levels (e.g., N95, P100, etc.) are included on the Part 84 filter approval label.
* How long can I use my particulate respirator for TB exposures before I discard it? In the health care setting, the filter material used in respirators may remain functional for weeks to months [CDC 1994]. As long as there is no oil mist, reuse is limited only by considerations of hygiene, damage, and breathing resistance. Respirators with replaceable filters are designed for reuse, and a respirator classified as disposable may be reused by the same health care worker as long as it remains functional. Before each use, the filter material should be inspected. If the filter material is physically damaged or soiled, the filter should be changed (in the case of respirators with replaceable filters) or the respirator should be discarded (in the case of disposable respirators). Your employer should develop standard operating procedures for storing, reusing, and disposing of respirators designated as disposable and for disposing of replaceable filters.
* Is it always necessary to fit-check a respirator before each use? Fit-checking your respirator before each use is important to minimize contaminant leakage into the facepiece. Your respirator manufacturer has recommended fit-checking procedures that should be followed by the user each time the respirator is worn.
# NIOSH Guide to the Selection and Use of Particulate Respirators Certified Under 42 CFR 84/Foreword

FOREWORD
In June 1995, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) updated and modernized the Federal regulation for certifying air-purifying particulate respirators [42 CFR 84]. The respirators certified under this new regulation are tested under much more demanding conditions than under the old regulation [30 CFR 11], and they provide increased worker protection. These new respirators also provide significant cost savings: estimates indicate that the health care industry alone will save millions of dollars as a result of this new generation of practical and efficient respirators.
This guide was designed to explain the new regulation and to provide valuable information for selecting and using the new respirators certified by NIOSH.
We greatly appreciate the assistance of respirator manufacturers and others in making this information available to all employers and respirator program managers. We believe this information will help protect the health and lives of U.S. workers who wear particulate filter respirators.
Linda Rosenstock, M.D., M.P.H. Director, National Institute for  Occupational Safety and Health Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
# Men-at-the-Bar/Duncan, James Archibald

​Duncan, James Archibald, B.A., LL.B. Trin. Coll., Camb., matric. London Univ. 1876 from Amersham Hall School, a student of the Inner Temple 18 Jan., 1881 (then aged 22), called to the bar 17 Nov., 1883 (eldest son of David Duncan, of Gayton Hall, Cheshire, merchant); born , 1859.
    1, Crown Office Row, Temple, E.C.
# Men-at-the-Bar/Dunbar, Ughtred James Hay

​Dunbar, Ughtred James Hay, B.A. Exeter Coll., Oxon, private secretary to comptroller-general of the exchequer since 1870, D.L. co. Wigtown, a student of the Inner Temple 4 May, 1865 (then aged 22), called to the bar 30 April, 1869 (eldest son of Sir William Dunbar, of Mochrum, co. Wigtown, Bart., M.P.); born 26 Feb., 1843; married 20 April, 1882, Lucy Blanche Cordelia, eldest dau. of Charles Thomas Constantine Grant, Esq., of Kilgraston, co. Perth (see Foster's Baronetage).
    19, Roland Gardens, S.W.
# Men-at-the-Bar/Duncan, George James

​Duncan, George James, B.A., Jesus Coll., Camb., 1867, practises in the Lancaster Chancery Court, a student of the Inner Temple 24 April, 1865 (then aged 21), called to the bar 30 April, 1869 (2nd son of George James Duncan, Esq., of Bromley, Kent, dec.); born , 1844; married 10 Aug., 1874, Jane Angela, eldest surviving dau. of Julius Jeffreys, Esq., F.R.S., of Richmond, Surrey.
    7, Stone Buildings, Lincoln's Inn, W.C.
# Men-at-the-Bar/Duncan, Thomas

​Duncan, Thomas, M.A., LL.B. Bombay Univ., a student of the Middle Temple 14 Nov., 1881, called to the bar 25 June, 1884 (2nd son of late John Duncan, of Dublin, dec.); born , .
# Men-at-the-Bar/Dumbleton, Edgar Clement

​Dumbleton, Edgar Clement, B.A. Keble Coll., Oxon, counsel before supreme court Ceylon, a student of the Middle Temple 26 June, 1876, called to the bar 17 Nov., 1879 (eldest son of Rev. Edgar Norris Dumbleton, of St. James', Exeter, Devon); born , .
    Ceylon.
# Men-at-the-Bar/Dumergue, Frederick

​Dumergue, Frederick, M.A., Caius Coll., Camb., 1853, equity draftsman and conveyancer, a student of the Inner Temple 13 Oct., 1848 (then aged 20), called to the bar 7 June, 1852 (youngest son of late Charles Dumergue, Esq., of London); born 5 May, 1828; married 10 Feb., 1852, Marie Adeline, only child of Mr. St. Hilaire Laurencean.
    83, Westboume Terrace, W.; 3, New Square, W.C.
# Men-at-the-Bar/Dumat, Frank Campbell

​Dumat, Frank Campbell, matric. London Univ. 1875 from Royal Coll. Mauritius, a student of the Middle Temple 27 Jan., 1880, called to the bar 17 Nov., 1882 (eldest son of Alfred Dumat, of the Mauritius, engineer); born , .
    Mauritius; Ripon House, Russell Square, W.C.
# Men-at-the-Bar/Duncan, George William

​Duncan, George William, B.A. Christ Church, Oxon, goes the Northern circuit, a student of the Inner Temple 6 April, 1875 (then aged 20), called to the bar 26 Jan., 1878 (only son of William Henry Duncan, M.D., of Liverpool, dec.); born 6 Sept., 1854; married 10 April, 1883, Ella, eldest dau. of John Higson, Esq., of Oakmere Hall, Cheshire.
    Lion Gate, Richmond, Surrey; 2, Harcourt Buildings, Temple, E.C.
# Men-at-the-Bar/Duncan, Andrew

​Duncan, Andrew, B.A., Pembroke Coll., Camb., 1870, a student of the Middle Temple 20 April, 1866, called to the bar 26 Jan., 1870 (2nd son of Andrew Duncan, of Glasgow, N.B.); born , .
    Wanganui, New Zealand.
# Men-at-the-Bar/Duncan, Charles Arthur

​Duncan, Charles Arthur, LL.B., Trin. Hall, Camb., 1870, a member of the Southeastern circuit, a student of Lincoln's Inn 14 Nov., 1864 (then aged 17), called to the bar 18 Nov., 1872 (eldest son of William Duncan, Esq., of London); born , 1847; married 2 July, 1878, Helen Augusta, widow of Henry Eustace Leader, of Mount Leader, co. Cork, late capt. 16th lancers.
    7, King's Bench Walk, Temple, E.C.
# New poems and variant readings/Home from the daisied meadows

HOME FROM THE DAISIED MEADOWS
Home from the daisied meadows, where you linger yet— Home, golden-headed playmate, ere the sun is set; For the dews are falling fast And the night has come at last. Home with you, home and lay your little head at rest, Safe, safe, my little darling, on your mother's breast. Lullaby, darling; your mother is watching you; she'll be your guardian and shield. Lullaby, slumber, my darling, till morning be bright upon mountain and field. Long, long the shadows fall. All white and smooth at home your little bed is laid. All round your head be angels.
# New poems and variant readings/God gave to me a child in part

GOD GAVE TO ME A CHILD IN PART
God gave to me a child in part, Yet wholly gave the father's heart: Child of my soul, O whither now, Unborn, unmothered, goest thou?
You came, you went, and no man wist; Hapless, my child, no breast you kist; On no dear knees, a privileged babbler, clomb, Nor knew the kindly feel of home.
My voice may reach you, O my dear— A father's voice perhaps the child may hear; And, pitying, you may turn your view On that poor father whom you never knew.
Alas! alone he sits, who then, Immortal among mortal men, Sat hand in hand with love, and all day through With your dear mother wondered over you.
# New poems and variant readings/Hail, guest, and enter freely!

HAIL, GUEST, AND ENTER FREELY!
Hail, guest, and enter freely! All you see Is, for your momentary visit, yours; and we Who welcome you are but the guests of God, And know not our departure.
# New poems and variant readings/I, whom Apollo sometime visited

I, WHOM APOLLO SOMETIME VISITED
I, whom Apollo sometime visited, Or feigned to visit, now, my day being done, Do slumber wholly; nor shall know at all The weariness of changes; nor perceive Immeasurable sands of centuries Drink of the blanching ink, or the loud sound Of generations beat the music down.
# New poems and variant readings/Hail! Childish slaves of social rules

HAIL! CHILDISH SLAVES OF SOCIAL RULES
Hail! Childish slaves of social rules You had yourselves a hand in making! How I could shake your faith, ye fools, If but I thought it worth the shaking. I see, and pity you; and then Go, casting off the idle pity, In search of better, braver men, My own way freely through the city.
My own way freely, and not yours; And, careless of a town's abusing, Seek real friendship that endures Among the friends of my own choosing. I'll choose my friends myself, do you hear? And won't let Mrs. Grundy do it, Tho' all I honour and hold dear And all I hope should move me to it.
I take my old coat from the shelf— I am a man of little breeding. And only dress to please myself— I own, a very strange proceeding. ​I smoke a pipe abroad, because To all cigars I much prefer it, And as I scorn your social laws My choice has nothing to deter it.
Gladly I trudge the footpath way, While you and yours roll by in coaches In all the pride of fine array, Through all the city's thronged approaches. O fine religious, decent folk, In Virtue's flaunting gold and scarlet, I sneer between two puffs of smoke,— Give me the publican and harlot.
Ye dainty-spoken, stiff, severe Seed of the migrated Philistian, One whispered question in your ear— Pray, what was Christ, if you be Christian? If Christ were only here just now, Among the city's wynds and gables Teaching the life he taught us, how Would he be welcome to your tables?
I go and leave your logic-straws, Your former-friends with face averted, Your petty ways and narrow laws, Your Grundy and your God, deserted. ​From your frail ark of lies, I flee I know not where, like Noah's raven. Full to the broad, unsounded sea I swim from your dishonest haven.
Alone on that unsounded deep, Poor waif, it may be I shall perish, Far from the course I thought to keep, Far from the friends I hoped to cherish. It may be that I shall sink, and yet Hear, thro' all taunt and scornful laughter, Through all defeat and all regret, The stronger swimmers coming after.
# New poems and variant readings/I do not fear to own me kin

I DO NOT FEAR TO OWN ME KIN
I do not fear to own me kin To the glad clods in which spring flowers begin; Or to my brothers, the great trees, That speak with pleasant voices in the breeze, Loud talkers with the winds that pass; Or to my sister, the deep grass.
Of such I am, of such my body is, That thrills to reach its lips to kiss. That gives and takes with wind and sun and rain And feels keen pleasure to the point of pain. ​Of such are these, The brotherhood of stalwart trees, The humble family of flowers, That make a light of shadowy bowers Or star the edges of the bent: They give and take sweet colour and sweet scent; They joy to shed themselves abroad; And tree and flower and grass and sod Thrill and leap and live and sing With silent voices in the Spring.
Hence I not fear to yield my breath, Since all is still unchanged by death; Since in some pleasant valley I may be, Clod beside clod, or tree by tree, Long ages hence, with her I love this hour; And feel a lively joy to share With her the sun and rain and air, To taste her quiet neighbourhood As the dumb things of field and wood, The clod, the tree, and starry flower, Alone of all things have the power.
# New poems and variant readings/Go, little book—the ancient phrase

GO, LITTLE BOOK—THE ANCIENT PHRASE
Go, little book—the ancient phrase And still the daintiest—go your ways, My Otto, over sea and land, Till you shall come to Nelly's hand.
How shall I your Nelly know? By her blue eyes and her black brow, By her fierce and slender look, And by her goodness, little book!
What shall I say when I come there? You shall speak her soft and fair: See—you shall say—the love they send To greet their unforgotten friend!
Giant Adulpho yon shall sing The next, and then the cradled king And the four corners of the roof Then kindly bless; and to your perch aloof, Where Balzac all in yellow dressed And the dear Webster of the west Encircle the prepotent throne Of Shakespeare and of Calderon, Shall climb an upstart.
​There with these You shall give ear to breaking seas And windmills turning in the breeze, A distant undetermined din Without; and you shall hear within The blazing and the bickering logs, The crowing child, the yawning dogs, And ever agile, high and low, Our Nelly going to and fro.
There shall you all silent sit, Till, when perchance the lamp is lit And the day's labour done, she takes Poor Otto down, and, warming for our sakes, Perchance beholds, alive and near, Our distant faces reappear.