OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bayley, Peter

​BAYLEY, PETER (1778?–1823), miscellaneous writer and poet, was the son of Peter Bayley, a solicitor at Nantwich, and was born about 1778. In 1790 he entered Rugby school, and in Feb. 1796, at the age of seventeen, Merton College, Oxford. He did not take a degree. He was called to the bar at the Temple, but made no serious effort to pursue his profession. His interest in music and the drama rendered him neglectful of the dictates of prudence. ‘Instead of following the law,’ he, as it was said, ‘allowed the law to follow him,’ until he found himself in prison for debt. Subsequently he turned his attention to literature, and became editor of the ‘Museum,’ a weekly periodical. He died suddenly on his way to the opera, 25 Jan. 1823. Bayley published a volume of poems in 1803, and, besides contributing occasional verses to periodicals, printed for private circulation, at an early period, several specimens of an epic poem founded on the conquest of Wales, which appeared posthumously in 1824 under the title of ‘Idwal.’ In 1820, under the pseudonym of Giorgione di Castel Chiuso, he published a volume of verse, entitled ‘Sketches from St. George's-in-the-Fields,’ containing clever and graphic descriptions of various phases of London life and therefore possessing now considerable antiquarian and social interest. A second series appeared in 1821. A posthumous volume of ‘Poetry’ by Bayley was published in 1824, and on 20 April 1825 a tragedy, ‘Orestes,’ left by him in manuscript, was brought out at Covent Garden with Charles Kemble in the principal part, one of the most successful of Kemble's impersonations.
T. F. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bayley, Thomas Butterworth

​BAYLEY, THOMAS BUTTERWORTH (1744–1802), agriculturist and philanthropist, was descended from an old Lancashire family of good position, and his mother was one of the Dukinfields of Dukinfield, Cheshire. Shortly after completing his education at the university of Edinburgh, he was chosen a justice of the peace for the county palatine of Lancaster. The reputation acquired by him in this office for prudence, judgment, and legal knowledge led to his being appointed a few years afterwards perpetual chairman of the quarter sessions. Owing principally to his exertions, a gaol and penitentiary-house for Manchester, on improved principles, was erected in 1787. In his honour, not in allusion, as has been sometimes supposed, to the Old Bailey in London, it was named the New Bayley. The building was pulled down in 1873. So successful were the improvements introduced in its construction, and in that of the county gaol at Lancaster, that Bayley was consulted in regard to the erection and improvement of prisons throughout the kingdom. He also took an active interest in sanitary reform, and in schemes for improving the general condition of the poor. In 1796 he was successful in obtaining in Manchester the establishment of a board of health, of which he was chosen chairman. He was one of the founders of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Manchester, and of a college of arts and sciences, which, however, was afterwards abandoned. Much of his spare time he devoted to agriculture, and to his farm of Hope near Manchester introduced various new agricultural methods, including an improved system of sod draining. In regard to this he wrote a pamphlet entitled ‘On a Cheap and Expeditious Method of Draining Land,’ which was published in Hunter's ‘Georgical Essays,’ vol. iv. (1772), and vol. i. (1803). He was also the author of ‘Observations on the General Highway and Turnpike Acts,’ 1773. He died at Buxton on 24 June 1802.
T. F. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bayley, F. W. N.

​BAYLEY, F. W. N. (1808–1853), miscellaneous writer, in 1825 accompanied his father, who was in the army, to Barbados, and remained in the West Indies for four years. About the time of his return to England in 1829, he found that he was able to write in verse with considerable facility. He conducted a publication called the 'Omnibus,' and was the first editor of the 'Illustrated London News' (established in 1842). He also produced 'An Island (Grenada) Bagatelle,' 1829; 'Four Years in the West Indies,' 1830; verses written for 'Six Sketches of Taglioni,' 1831; 'Tales of the late Revolution,' 1831; 'Scenes and Stories by a Clergyman in Debt,' 3 vols. 1835; 'New tale of a Tub,' fol. 1841, 16mo 1847; 'Blue Beard,' 1842; 'Little Red Riding Hood,' 1843; an edition of the 'Works of Mrs. Sigourney,' 1850; a contribution to the 'Little Folks' Laughing Library,' 1851; verses in 'Gems for the Drawing-room,' 1852; verses in Ferrard's 'Humming Bird Keepsake,' 1852. Bayley was improvident, and was constantly in difficulties. He died at Birmingham of bronchitis in 1853, and was buried in the cemetery of that town.
[Gent. Mag. 2nd ser. xxxix. 324, 1853.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bayley, John (d.1869)

​BAYLEY, JOHN [WHITCOMB] (d. 1869), antiquary, second son of John Bayley, a farmer, of Hempstead, Gloucestershire, became at an early age a junior clerk in the Tower Record Office. In or about 1819 he was appointed chief clerk, and afterwards a sub-commissioner on the Public Records. In the latter capacity he edited ‘Calendars of the Proceedings in Chancery in the Reign of ​Queen Elizabeth,’ 3 vols. fol. 1827–32, and for these labours he is said not only to have received the sum of 2,739l., but to have actually claimed further remuneration. His exorbitant charges and mode of editing were vigorously assailed by Mr. C. P. Cooper, then secretary to the commission, Sir. N. H. Nicolas, and others. A committee was appointed to inquire into the circumstances, and, after meeting no less than seventeen times, issued a report, of which twenty-five copies were printed for the private use of the board. His demands upon the corporation of Liverpool, to whom he charged between 3,000l. and 4,000l. for searches, formed the subject of a separate inquiry. Owing to his long absence, Bayley's office at the Tower was declared vacant in May 1834. He had been admitted of the Inner Temple in August 1815, but was never called to the bar. During the rest of his life he resided mostly at Cheltenham, but latterly at Paris, where he died 25 March 1869. His wife, Sophia Anne, daughter of the right hon. Colonel Robert Ward, whom he married in September 1824, died before him, on 17 June 1854. By her he left a daughter. As an antiquary Bayley's attainments were of a high order. His ‘History and Antiquities of the Tower of London,’ 2 parts, 4to, 1821–5, ranks among the very best works of its kind for excellence of style, acuteness of judgment, and unfailing accuracy of statement. An abridgment appeared in 1830, 8vo. Bayley announced, but did not publish, a history of London. He had also made considerable progress in a complete parliamentary history of England, and for this he obtained copious abstracts of the returns to parliament, 1702–10, from the original records in the Rolls chapel. This manuscript, together with a valuable collection of charters, letters patent, and other documents illustrative of local history, in three folio volumes, is now deposited in the British Museum. Bayley was a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries and of the Royal Society; to the former he was elected in 1819, to the latter in 1823.
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bayley, Cornelius

​BAYLEY, CORNELIUS (1751–1812), divine, was born in 1751 at Ashe, near Whitchurch, Shropshire. His father seems to have migrated to Manchester while Cornelius was young, and to have been a leather-breeches-maker there. Bayley was educated at the Whitchurch Grammar School, of which for a short time he acted as master. He became a methodist preacher, but afterwards took holy orders, and was the first incumbent of St. James's Church, Manchester, a ‘proprietary church,’ which he built in 1787. The degree of B.D. was conferred on him at Cambridge in 1792, and that of D.D. in 1800. In 1782 he published his Hebrew grammar, entitled ‘An Entrance into the Sacred Tongue.’ A second edition was issued after his death. He wrote notes and a preface to an edition of the ‘Homilies’ of the church, published at Manchester in 1811. His other published writings were sermons and pamphlets, one being on the ‘Swedenborgian Doctrine of the Trinity’ (1785). He died on 2 April 1812 at Manchester.
[C. Hulbert's Memoirs, 1852, p. 150; Hulbert's Shropshire Biog.; J. Harland's Manch. Collectanea, ii. 195–6; Graduati Cantab. 1856; Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Primitive Gospel Ministry, by a Layman (in answer to C. B.), 1795.]
C. W. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Caldwall, James

​CALDWALL, JAMES (b. 1739), designer and engraver, born in London in 1739, was a pupil of Sherwin. He was a good draughtsman and engraved brilliantly in line, using the etching needle largely. He is chiefly known by his portraits, which include Sir Henry Oxenden, bart., Catharine, countess of Suffolk, Sir John Glynne, Sir Roger Curtis, Admiral Keppel, John Gillies, LL.D., David Hume, and Mrs. Siddons (and her son) in the tragedy of ‘Isabella,’ after W. Hamilton, 1783. He engraved the figures in ‘The Immortality of Garrick,’ after G. Carter, 1783 (landscape engraved by S. Smith), and ‘The Fête Champêtre given by the Earl of Derby at the Oaks,’ after R. Adams, and ‘The Camp at Coxheath,’ after W. Hamilton. He also engraved for Cook's ‘Voyages’ and Boydell's ‘Shakespeare.’ He exhibited one work at the Society of Artists and twenty-nine at the Free Society from 1768 to 1780. The last date on his engravings is 1783, but he survived his brother, John Caldwall, a miniature-painter of reputation, who was born in Scotland and died there in 1819.
[Redgrave's Dict. of Artists, 1878; Bryan's Dict. of Painters (Graves); Graves's Dict. of Artists.]
C. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Calder, James Tait

James Traill Calder in the ODNB.
​CALDER, JAMES TAIT (1794?–1864), author of the ‘History of Caithness,’ was born at the village of Castletown, Caithness. He studied at the university of Edinburgh, and, after acting for some time as private tutor in the house of the Rev. Mr. Gunn at Caithness, became parish teacher at Canisbay. In 1842 he published at Wick ‘Sketches from John o' Groat's in Prose and Verse,’ which contained an interesting chapter on ‘Ancient Superstitions and Customs in Caithness.’ In 1846 he issued a volume of poems entitled ‘The Soldier's Bride,’ from the name of the largest poem in the book. His ‘Sketch of the Civil and Traditional History of Caithness from the Tenth Century,’ published in 1861, is a work of undoubted merit, in which he has made admirable use of the materials available, although they are less full than in the case of most other counties. He died at Elwick Bank, Shapinshay, on 15 Jan. 1864.
T. F. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Calder, Robert (1650?-1723)

1904 Errata appended.
​CALDER, ROBERT (1650?–1723), clergyman of the Scottish episcopalian church, was a native of Elgin, and was born about 1650. He was educated at the university and King's College, Aberdeen. He was presented to the parish of Nenthorn in the presbytery of Kelso in 1689, but on 13 Sept. of the same year was deprived for refusing to read the proclamation of the estates declaring William and Mary king and queen ​of England, and for having prayed for King James. In 1693, according to his own account, he was for some time imprisoned in the common gaol of Edinburgh for exercising his ministerial functions. On receiving his liberty he went to Aberdeen, where he officiated in his own house, using the Book of Common Prayer. On the order shortly after the union to shut up all episcopal chapels in Scotland he was compelled to leave Aberdeen, and went to Elgin, where he officiated for some time. To obstruct his celebration of the Lord's Supper on Easter day 1707, he was summoned before the privy council at Edinburgh on Good Friday. Not complying he was sentenced to be banished from Elgin under a severe penalty should he return within twelve miles of the city. He now settled at Edinburgh, where he officiated to a congregation in Toddrick's Wynd. During his incumbency in Edinburgh he engaged in a keen controversy with the Rev. John Anderson, minister of Dumbarton, regarding whom he advertised the intention of preaching a sermon, with the view to proving that he was ‘one of the grossest liars that ever put pen to paper.’ He died on 28 May 1723, aged 73. He was the reputed author of ‘Scottish Presbyterian Eloquence displayed,’ 1693, a collection of citations intended to expose the irreverent liberties indulged in by the presbyterians in their prayers and sermons. In 1713 he published ‘Miscellany Numbers relating to the Controversie about the Book of Common Prayer, Episcopal Government,’ &c., forty numbers appearing successively. He was also the author of ‘Three Single Sermons,’ 1701; ‘Reasons for Toleration to the Episcopal Clergie’ (anon.), 1703: ‘The Divine Right of Episcopacy’ (anon.), 1705; ‘Letter to a Nonconformist Minister of the Kirk,’ 1705; ‘The Lawfulness and Expediency of Set Forms of Prayer,’ 1706; ‘The Lawfulness and Necessitie of observing the Anniversary Fasts and Festivals of the Church maintained,’ by R. C., 1710; ‘A Letter to Mr. James Hog of Carnwarth,’ 1710; ‘The Countryman's Idea of a Gospel Minister,’ 1711; ‘The Spirit of Slander exemplified in a scandalous Pamphlet called the Jacobite Cause,’ 1714; ‘The Priesthood of the Old and New Testament by Succession,’ in seven letters, 1716; ‘The Second Part … or a Challenge to all that want Episcopal Ordination to prove the validity of their ministerial acts,’ 1717; ‘The Anti Counter-querist counter-queried,’ n.d.; ‘Queries to the Presbyterians,’ n. d.
T. F. H.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.48 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 241 | ii | 5 f.e. | Calder, Robert: for Neuthorn read Nenthorn |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Calderwood, Margaret

​CALDERWOOD, MARGARET (1715–1774), diarist, was a daughter of Sir James Steuart of Coltness, bart., and sometime solicitor-general for Scotland. She married in 1735 Thomas Calderwood of Polton, near Edinburgh. Her sister Agnes became the wife of Henry David, tenth earl of Buchan, and the mother of Henry Erskine, lord advocate, and of Thomas Erskine, the chancellor. Her brother, Sir James Steuart, was implicated to some extent in the rebellion of 1745, and was compelled to reside abroad, and it was with a view to affording him some comfort in his exile that Mrs. Calderwood joined him at Brussels in the year 1756. From the day of her departure from home she kept a careful journal and was in constant correspondence with her Scottish friends. The substance of both letters and journals was woven by herself into a continuous narrative and widely circulated among her acquaintance; but it remained in manuscript until the year 1842, when it was privately printed for the Maitland Club, and issued to its members under the title of the ‘Coltness Collections.’ In 1884 Colonel Fergusson re-edited the letters and journals, and they have thus become known to a larger circle. Mrs. Calderwood was a keen observer of men and things, and her remarks are shrewd and pointed, while her writings have additional value as preserving the Scottish words and idioms prevalent in her time in educated society. She herself seems to have been a poor linguist, but it would appear that she had studied mathematics under Professor Maclaurin, the friend of Newton, and she certainly exhibited much financial ability in the management of the family estates. Evidence of this skill is to be found in the fact that in eight years she largely increased their rental by judicious outlays, and the journal of her ‘factorship,’ presented to the farmers with a view to encouraging their enterprise, has not yet lost its value. Less successful was her attempt at novel writing, and it would appear that her reputation has not suffered by ‘The Adventures of Fanny Roberts’ remaining still unprinted. Mrs. Calderwood died in 1774, eight months after the death of her husband, having had two sons and one daughter, and in the issue of the last the estate of Polton is now vested.
[Letters and Journals of Mrs. Calderwood of Polton, edited by Lieut.-col. Alexander Fergusson, Edinburgh, 1884, 8vo; Coltness Collections. Maitland Club Publications, 1842, 4to.]
C. J. R.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Calderbank, James

​CALDERBANK, JAMES (1769–1821), Benedictine monk, was born in the later part of 1769 in Lancashire. On attaining the canonical age he was ordained to the priesthood. He was first sent upon the mission by the vicar-apostolic of the western district, Bishop Sharrock, the congregation then entrusted to his charge being that of Weston in Somersetshire. Thence, in October 1809, he was removed to the neighbouring ​mission at Bath, where, as the assistant-priest of Father Ralph Ainsworth, he took part in the religious ceremonial which transformed the old theatre on the South Parade into the catholic church of St. John the Evangelist. Upon the death of Father Ainsworth, on 5 Feb. 1814, Calderbank succeeded him as the chief pastor of the congregation. During the course of the same year he published 'A Series of Letters' (8vo, pp. 236), marked by great perspicuity and moderation, in answer to certain questions proposed by a clergyman of the church of England. He remained at Bath until July 1817, when he was succeeded by Peter Augustine Baines [q. v.] Calderbank on giving up the Bath mission withdrew to Liverpool. He died there on 9 April 1821.
[Liverpool Mercury, 13 April 1821, p. 343 Dr. Oliver's Collections illustrating the History of the Catholic Religion in Cornwall, &c. pp. 68, 179,258,508-9.]
C. K.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Calderbank, Leonard

​CALDERBANK, LEONARD (1809–1864), catholic priest and canon of Clifton, nephew of James Calderbank [q. v.], and son of Richard and Jane Calderbank, was born on 3 June 1809 at Standish, near Wigan,in Lancashire. He was educated first at a school in his native village, and afterwards became a student at Ampleforth College in Yorkshire. In December 1829 he removed from study of the questions of civil and spiritual Ampleforth to Prior Park, near Bath. A few years after this Calderbank went to complete his theological studies at Rome, where, on 11 Nov. 1832, he was ordained to the priesthood. Returning to England in 1833 he went at once upon a mission in the western district. He was placed successively at Trelawny, Tawstock, Weobley, Poole, and Cannington. In April 1839 he was appointed chaplain of the convent of the Immaculate Conception, in Sion House, at Spetisbury, near Blandford, in Dorsetshire. On 9 Nov. 1849 he was recalled to Prior Park by Bishop Hendren, then vicar apostolic of the western district. For nearly a year he held at Prior Park the double position of vice-president and professor of theology at St. Paul's College. On 9 Oct. 1850 he was again, however, sent upon the mission, being appointed to the charge of the catholic congregation of St. Peter's in the city of Gloucester. Under the then newly created hierarchy he was not long afterwards installed a canon of Clifton. As missionary rector at Gloucester he contrived by his zealous exertions to build up an entirely new church and presbytery, the former of which was solemnly opened in March 1860. Calderbank died suddenly of heart disease on 24 June 1864.
[Gloucester Journal, 25 June and 2 July 1864; Dr. Oliver's Collections illustrating the History of the Catholic Religion in Cornwall, &c. p. 258; Brady's Episcopal Succession, p. 317.]
C. K.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Calderwood, William

​CALDERWOOD, Sir WILLIAM, Lord Polton (1660?–1733), lord of session, was the son of Alexander Calderwood, baillie of Dalkeith, and was admitted advocate at the Scottish bar in July 1687. After the revolution he was made deputy-sheriff of the county of Edinburgh, and some time before 1707 received the honour of knighthood. He was appointed to succeed Sir William Anstruther of Anstruther as an ordinary lord in 1711, under the title of Lord Polton. He was at the same time nominated a lord of justiciary. He died on 7 Aug. 1733, in his seventy-third year.
[Haig and Brunton's Senators of the College of Justice, p. 492.]
T. F. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Calder, John

James Traill Calder in the ODNB.
​CALDER, JOHN, D.D. (1733–1815), author, was a native of Aberdeen, and educated at the university there. At an early period he obtained the patronage of the Duke of Northumberland, who employed him as private secretary both at Alnwick Castle and in London. Subsequently he for some time had charge of the library bequeathed by Dr. Williams for the special use of nonconforming clergy, and he also officiated at a meeting-house near the Tower. On resigning this charge he declined to exercise for the future any part of the ministerial function. When a new edition of the ‘Cyclopædia’ of Chambers was proposed, he was engaged as tentative editor, and besides drawing out a plan wrote some articles. One of the articles was submitted to Dr. Johnson, who excised large portions, expressing the opinion at the same time that the ‘redundance’ was not the ‘result of inability’ but of ‘superfluous diligence.’ In the discussion which ensued with the publisher, Calder, in the opinion of Dr. Johnson, displayed an improper degree of ‘turbulence and impatience,’ and, declining to accede to the wishes of the publisher, was deprived of the editorship, which was conferred on Dr. Rees. In 1776 Calder drew up a plan of a periodical work called the ‘Selector.’ He also projected a ‘Foreign Intelligencer.’ While at Alnwick he made the acquaintance of Thomas Percy, afterwards bishop of Dromore, whom he assisted in preparing a new edition of the ‘Tatler,’ ‘Spectator,’ and ‘Guardian,’ with notes and illustrations. When Calder removed to London, the materials collected by Percy were relinquished into his hands, and afterwards used in various editions of these works published by Nichols, especially the ‘Tatler’ published in 6 vols. in 1786, in which Annotator means Calder. In 1789 he translated from the French Courayer's ‘Declaration of his last Sentiments on the different Doctrines of Religion,’ to which he prefixed a memoir of Courayer. To the new edition of the ‘Biographia Britannica’ he contributed an elaborate article on the Courten family. About 1789 he removed from Furnival's Inn to Croydon, where he formed an intimacy with Dr. Apthorp, of whom he contributed to Nichols several interesting particulars which were inserted in ‘Literary Anecdotes.’ He formed an extensive library, especially of classical and numismatic works, and also possessed a large cabinet of Greek and Roman coins. His last years were spent at Lisson Grove, London, where he died 10 June 1815.
T. F. H.