OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The New International Encyclopædia/Munson, James Eugene

Edition of 1905. See also James Eugene Munson on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
MUNSON, mûn'son, James Eugene (1835—). An American inventor, born at Paris, Oneida County, N. Y. He studied for a time at Amherst, then removed to New York City, where he became a court stenographer, a position which he held for more than thirty years. He formulated the Munson system of stenography, an automatic typesetting machine, and a mechanism of operating typewriting machines by telegraph, and published a number of books of phonography.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Munthe, Ludvig

Edition of 1905. See also Ludvig Munthe on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
MUNTHE, mụn'te, Ludvig (1841-96). A Norwegian landscape painter, born at Aaröen, near Bergen. He was first instructed by Schiertz, a German painter and architect at Bergen, and then became a pupil of Flamm at Düsseldorf, which he subsequently selected for his permanent residence. A thoroughly realistic treatment characterizes his paintings, of which autunm and winter scenes in stormy or gloomy weather, forest and coast views form the prevailing subjects, and which may be judged by such specimens as a “Pine Forest in Winter” (1870), Hamburg Gallery; “Wood Interior in Winter, with Stags” (1878), National Gallery, Christiania, which was awarded the gold medal in Paris; “Birch Wood in Autumn” (1886), and “Autumn in Holland” (1895), both in National Gallery, Berlin.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Munzinger, Werner

MUNZINGER, mụn′tsĭng-ẽr, Werner (1832-75). A Swiss traveler and linguist. He was born at Olten, was educated at Bern, Munich, and Paris, and in 1853 joined a mercantile establishment at Alexandria, Egypt. He was attached to the expedition of Von Heuglin in 1861, but quitted it when it reached North Abyssinia, and in company with Kinzelbach explored an unknown territory. In 1862 he was placed at the head of the German exploring expedition, succeeding Heuglin, but was unable to penetrate farther than Kordofan. In 1864 he was appointed British consul at Massowah and in the Anglo-Abyssinian War acted as a guide to the English forces, after whose withdrawal he remained at Massowah as consul in the French service. In 1870 he made a journey to Southeast Arabia, and was appointed by the Khedive Governor of Massowah. In 1872 he was made Pasha and Governor-General of the Eastern Sudan, and in 1875 was mortally wounded while leading an expedition against Abyssinia. He published: Sitten und Recht der Bogos (1859); Ostafrikanische Studien (1864); Vocabulaire de la langue Tigré (1865).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Munsee

Edition of 1905. See also Stockbridge-Munsee Community on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
MUN'SEE. A subtribe of the Delaware (q.v.), originally constituting one of the three great divisions of that tribe and dwelling along the upper streams of the Delaware River, and the adjacent country in New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania. They were considered the most warlike portion of the tribe and assumed the leadership in war councils. From their principal totem they were frequently called the Wolf tribe of the Delaware. They were prominent in the early history of New York and New Jersey, being among the first tribes of that region to meet the whites. By a noted fraudulent treaty known as the Walking Purchase, the main body was forced to remove from the Delaware River about the year 1740. They settled on the Susquehanna, on lands assigned them by the Iroquois, but soon afterwards moved westward and joined the main Delaware tribe on the Ohio River, with whom the greater portion eventually became incorporated. A considerable body, who were converted by the Moravian missionaries, drew off from the rest and formed a separate organization, most of them removing to Canada during the Revolution. Others joined the Ojibwa and Stockbridge Indians. The majority were incorporated in the Delaware, with whom they participated in their subsequent wars and removals. Those who still keep the name of Munsee are in three bands, two of which are consolidated with other tribal fragments, so that no separate census is available. These tribes are the Munsee of the Thames, Ontario, Canada, 120; Munsee (or Christian), and Chippewa, northeastern Kansas, 90; and Stockbridge and Munsee, Green Bay Agency, Wis., 530. Those of the United States are officially reported as civilized and entirely competent to manage their own affairs. The mixed band in Kansas has dissolved tribal relations.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Murray, David

See also David Murray (educator) on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​MURRAY, David (1830— ). An American educator. He was born at Bovina, Delaware County, N. Y., where his parents had immigrated from Scotland in 1816. He graduated from Union College in 1852. The following year he became assistant in the Albany Academy, and in 1857 was advanced to the principalship. In 1863 he accepted the chair of mathematics and physics in Rutgers College. Having assisted the Japanese Embassy in 1872 in their labor of investigating the educational systems of this and other countries and preparing statistics thereon, he was invited by Japan to assume the supervision of its educational affairs. He removed to that country and was occupied for six years in these duties. At the time of his return to America in 1879 he was decorated by the Emperor with the Order of the Rising Sun. In 1880 he became secretary of the Regents of the University of the State of New York, and held this post nine years. He has published several addresses, and is the author of Manual of Land Surveying (1872); an introductory chapter to Outlines of the History of Japanese Education (1876); The Story of Japan (1894); History of Education in New Jersey (1899).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Munsell, Joel

Edition of 1905. See also Joel Munsell on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
MUNSELL, mŭn'sĕl, Joel (1808-80). An American editor, publisher, and antiquary, born
in Northfield, Mass. He settled in Albany, N. Y., in 1827, and entered journalism. He subsequently became the editor of various publications, among which were the New York State Mechanic, the Lady's Magazine, and the New England Historical and Genealogical Register. He rendered valuable services to the cause of American history by publishing the Annals of Albany (10 vols., 1849-59); Collections on the History of Albany (4 vols., 1855-57); and a series of books, some of considerable value, known as the “Munsell Historical Series.”
# The New International Encyclopædia/Munster

Edition of 1905. See also Munster on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
MUN'STER. The largest of the four provinces of Ireland, occupying the southwest part of that country and bounded north by Connaught, east by Leinster, and west and south by the Atlantic (Map: Ireland, C 4). It contains the six counties of Clare, Cork, Kerry, Limerick, Tipperary, and Waterford. Area, 9481 square miles. The population of the province in 1841 was 2,404,460; in 1891, 1,173,643; and in 1901, 1,075,075.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Muntjac

Edition of 1905. See also Muntjac on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
MUNT'JAC (Javanese name). Any of a genus (Cervulus) of small Oriental deer which dwell solitarily in the jungle, and whose young are spotted. The species best known is that of
India, called ‘barking deer’ by Anglo-Indian sportsmen, or ‘kakar’ (Cervulus muntjac) by the Hindustani. It is a little larger than a roebuck. Its lyrate antlers are peculiar in that they rise from pedicels about five inches high, or as long as the antler itself, and have only one short basal spur. The female has no antlers; nor has she the great exposed upper canine tusks, which, like those of the musk, are the effective weapons of the bucks in their fights. Allied species, some with smaller horns, are found in China and the Malayan islands, and an interesting fossil genus (Amphitragulus), inhabiting Tertiary Europe, was totally hornless in both sexes. See Plate of Fallow Deer, Musk, etc.
THE INDIAN MUNTJAC.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Murray, David Christie

See also David Christie Murray on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​MURRAY, David Christie (1847— ). An English novelist, born at West Bromwich, in Staffordshire, April 13, 1847. He was educated at a private school. He began his career as a reporter on the Birmingham Morning News, and in 1873 went to London, where he joined the staffs of the Daily News and the World. In 1879 he published in Chambers's Journal his first long novel, A Life of Atonement. Other books, are: Joseph's Coat (1881); Val Strange (1882); Time's Revenge (1893); In Direst Peril (1894); A Rogue's Conscience (1890): Tales in Prose and Verse (1898); A Race for Millions (1898); many other novels; and the interesting essay, My Contemporaries in Fiction (1897).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Murray, George

See also Lord George Murray (general) on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​MURRAY, Lord George (c.1700-60). A Scottish Jacobite general, son of the first Duke of Athol. His father was loyal to the House of Hanover, but Lord George followed his elder brother, the Marquis of Tullibardine, into the Jacobite uprising of 1715, commanded a battalion at Sheriffmuir, and made his escape to France the following year. He was living in Scotland at the time of the rebellion of 1745, and was the most capable of Prince Charles's generals. To Lord George Murray's personal bravery, sound judgment, and skill in handling undisciplined troops must be attributed the chief credit for the Jacobite victories at Prestonpans and Falkirk, as well as for the Highlanders' safe retreat from England after the raid to Derby. Murray escaped to the Continent when the cause was lost and died in Holland.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Aluminum

See also Aluminium on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Alu′minum or Alumin′ium, a white metal like tin in appearance. It is the most abundant of the metals, being found in clay, marl, feldspar, slate, mica and many other minerals, but it cannot be cheaply manufactured although great improvement has been made in this direction. (See Metallurgy.) It may be rolled into very thin foil and drawn into very fine wire, and when rolled it becomes harder. When struck it gives forth a very musical sound, and hence is sometimes used for making bells. It is a light metal of about the weight of porcelain, and for many purposes is more convenient than silver. It makes useful alloys; with copper it makes an alloy resembling fine brass, called aluminum-bronze. This alloy is used in cheap jewelry and is adapted for gun metal. It also forms a very useful alloy with silver. It is now used for cooking utensils and a wide variety of other products.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Alum

See also Alum on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Alum, common alum, a sulphate of potassium and aluminum, is a salt used in the arts and in medicine. It forms colorless, octahedral crystals containing much water. It is sometimes found in a natural state, but is usually manufactured. There are several kinds of alum, and the one containing ammonium in place of potassium is often used instead of the more common compound. Alum is used in the manufacture of calico, in tanning and dyeing. Mixed in the milk it helps in the separation of the butter, and bakers sometimes use it to whiten their bread. If added in small quantities to turbid water, in a few minutes it will make it perfectly clear without any bad taste or quality, but it should be used with caution in articles of food and drink on account of its astringent properties.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Alva, Duke of

See also Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, 3rd Duke of Alba on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Alva (äl' vä), Duke of, a Spanish general, was born in 1508. When a mere boy he gained distinction at the battle of Pavia, and at the age of 29 defended the town of Perpignan against the dauphin of France. He soon rose to be commander of the Spanish army. In 1567, at the head of 10,000 men, he marched into the Netherlands with unlimited powers from Philip II of Spain to proceed against the heretics there. The Court of Blood, which he established here, soon became widely known and feared, and Alva boasted that he had sent 18,000 men to execution. But this great cruelty led to the revolt, which afterward made the Low Countries independent. Alva was recalled to Spain, soon after imprisoned, and, though set free when a skillful general was needed to lead an army against Portugal, he never regained the confidence of Philip. He was able, cruel and proud. His pride is shown by his reply to Philip's demand for an account of the treasure he had captured at Lisbon, "If the king asks me for an account," said Alva, "I will make him a statement of kingdoms preserved or conquered, of signal victories, of successful sieges and of sixty years' service." Nothing more was said about the account. He died in 1582.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Amarillo

See also Amarillo, Texas on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​ Amarillo (ăm' ȧ-rĭl' lṓ), a city, county seat of Potter County, Texas, 337 miles northwest of Ft. Worth and 275 miles west of Oklahoma City. It is 3600 feet above sea level, and enjoys a clear bracing air and a salubrious climate. It is the most important city of the Panhandle country, which in former years was devoted to grazing, but now wherever cultivated yields profitable crops. It has produced Indian corn, sorghum, maize, wheat, oats, rye, besides vegetables, melons, fruit and in the southern portion cotton. Amarillo has a good county courthouse and jail, a fine new city hall, two opera houses and an Elks' Lodge, besides several fine churches and good schools. It has three ice factories, marble, concrete-block, broom and candy factories, a flouring mill, grain elevator, brick works, etc. The city has three banks, water works, electric light, street cars and all adjuncts of a modern city. It is served by the Santa Fe, the Fort Worth and Denver and the Rock Island Railroad. The Santa Fe has yards and shops here; the Denver and. the Rock Island each have offices and round houses. Population, 9,957 (1910).
# The New Student's Reference Work/Amazon

See also Amazon River on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Am′azon, a river of South America, flowing easterly from the Andes to the Atlantic, where it empties below the equator. It is the largest river on the globe, but not the longest. Its length is estimated at from 3,000 to 4,000 miles; its width, at its mouth, is 60 miles; it is four miles wide 1,000 miles from the sea; and more than a mile wide 2,000 miles from the sea. Its depth for 750 miles is nowhere less than 175 feet. Over 350 branches and lesser tributaries form its main trunk, and the whole system drains an area of 2,500,000 square miles, or more than a third part of South America. While large vessels can sail from the sea over the main river and its branches, the volume of water is perceptible in the ocean 200 miles from the coast, and the influence of the tides is felt 400 miles from its mouth. The forests are very extensive, being so twisted and matted and interlaced with trees, vines and shrubs, as to present an almost impassable barrier. This “sea of verdure,” a traveler says, “extends in an unbroken, evergreen circle of 1,100 miles in diameter.” The mouth of the Amazon was discovered by Pinzon in 1500. It was not ascended until forty years later. It is navigable for over 2,000 miles, and with its branches it affords 16,000 miles of navigable waters.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Amadeus

See also Amadeus (disambiguation) on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Amadeus, a name very common in the ruling family of Savoy. Those of the name most famous were: Amadeus V, Count of Savoy (born 1249, died 1323), called the Great. His most celebrated exploit was his repulse of the Turks from the Island of Rhodes, then held by the Knights of St. John. In memory of this victory, a Maltese cross, with the letters F. E. R. T. (Fortitudoe ejus Rhodum tenuit—"His bravery saved Rhodes,"), was made the coat of arms of the family. Amadeus VIII, count and first duke of Savoy, was born 1383, and died 1451. After a few years of rule, he retired to a monastery, Ripaille, where he lived a life of luxury. In 1439, he was elected to succeed Pope Eugenius IV, who had been deposed, but after a few years he resigned in favor of Nicholas V. As pope, he was called Felix V.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Amadis of Gaul

See also Amadis de Gaula on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Am'adis of Gaul, the mythical hero of one of the early romances of chivalry; a model knight-errant, of whom Don Quixote is the caricature. The romance was written by a Portuguese courtier, Vasco de Lobeira (who died in 1403), and has been translated into various languages. Amadis, the son of a king of Gaul, had a number of adventures in a great many countries, and crowned his exploits by marrying Oriana, daughter of Lisuarte, an early king of England. The period of the story is about the beginning of the Christian era.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Amagat, Emile Hilaire

See also Emile Amagat on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Amagat, Emile Hilaire, a distinguished French physicist, born at St. Satur in 1841. He has enormously extended our knowledge of fluids, especially concerning the compressibility of gases at high pressures This work was done while he held the chair of physics in the Faculté Libre des Sciences at Lyons. Since 1891 has held an official position in the École Polytechnique at Paris.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Amaranth

See also Amaranth on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​ Am'aranth (meaning unfading), a class of plants of which the flowers are composed of dry, colored scales and which retain their colors for a long time after they are plucked. Because of this fact the flowers are made emblems of immortality, and are frequently so used in poetry. The cockscomb, prince's feather, love-lies-bleeding and globe amaranth are common kinds of this plant.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Amalgam

See also Amalgam on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​ Amal'gam, an alloy of metals, one of which is mercury. Mercury has the power of dissolving almost all other metals and mixing with them, and so is much used in separating gold and silver from their ores. (See Metallurgy.) Amalgams are very numerous, and many of them are used largely in the arts. Tin amalgam is used for silvering mirrors; gold and silver amalgam in gilding and re-silvering; cadmium and copper amalgam in dentistry; and zinc and tin amalgam for the rubbers of electrical machines. Amalgams are variously made; some by merely rubbing together the two metals, others by the aid of an electric current. Some amalgams are solid, while others are liquid. The mercury can be distilled off from most amalgams by heating them in retorts. This is the way in which gold and silver are recovered from their amalgams.
# The Meaning of the Glorious Koran (1930)/Those Who Drag Forth

Layout 2
London: Alfred A. Knopf Ltd, pages 631–633
SÛRAH LXXIX
An-Nâzi'ât takes its name from a word in the first verse.
An early Meccan Sûrah.
"THOSE WHO DRAG FORTH"
Revealed at Mecca
In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful.
$^1$ By those who drag forth to destruction, $^2$ By the meteors rushing, $^3$ By the lone stars floating, $^4$ By the angels hastening, $^5$ And those who govern the event, $^6$ On the day when the first trump resoundeth $^7$ And the second followeth it, $^8$ On that day hearts beat painfully $^9$ While eyes are downcast $^{10}$ (Now) they are saying: Shall we really be restored to our first state $^{11}$ Even after we are crumbled bones? $^{12}$ They say: Then that would be a vain proceeding. $^{13}$ Surely it will need but one shout, $^{14}$ And lo! they will be awakened. $^{15}$ Hath there come unto thee the history of Moses?
$^{16}$ How his Lord called him in the holy vale of Ṭuwa, $^{17}$ (Saying:) Go thou unto Pharaoh—Lo! he hath rebelled— $^{18}$ And say (unto him): Hast thou (will) to grow (in grace)? $^{19}$ Then I will guide thee to thy Lord and thou shalt fear (Him). $^{20}$ And he showed him the tremendous token. $^{21}$ But he denied and disobeyed, $^{22}$ Then turned he away in haste, $^{23}$ Then gathered he and summoned $^{24}$ And proclaimed: "I (Pharaoh) am your Lord the Highest." $^{25}$ So Allah seized him (and made him) an example for the after (life) and for the former. $^{26}$ Lo! herein is indeed a lesson for him who feareth. $^{27}$ Are ye the harder to create, or is the heaven that He built? $^{28}$ He raised the height thereof and ordered it; $^{29}$ And He made dark the night thereof, and He brought forth the morn thereof. $^{30}$ And after that He spread the earth, $^{31}$ And produced therefrom the water thereof and the pasture thereof, $^{32}$ And He made fast the hills, $^{33}$ A provision for you and for your cattle. $^{34}$ But when the great disaster cometh, $^{35}$ The day when man will call to mind his (whole) endeavour, $^{36}$ And hell will stand forth visible to him who seeth, $^{37}$ Then, as for him who rebelled $^{38}$ And chose the life of the world, $^{39}$ Lo! hell will be his home.
$^{40}$ But as for him who feared to stand before his Lord and restrained his soul from lust, $^{41}$ Lo! the Garden will be his home. $^{42}$ They ask thee of the Hour: when will it come to port ? $^{43}$ Why (ask they)? What hast thou to tell thereof? $^{44}$ Unto thy Lord belongeth (knowledge of) the term thereof. $^{45}$ Thou art but a warner unto him who feareth it. $^{46}$ On the day when they behold it, it will be as if they had but tarried for an evening or the morn thereof.
Footnotes
# The Meaning of the Glorious Koran (1930)/Winter

Layout 2
London: Alfred A. Knopf Ltd, page 670
SÛRAH CVI
Ash-Shitâ is so called from a word occurring in verse 2. It is also often called Qureysh.
A very early Meccan Sûrah.
"WINTER" OR "QUREYSH"
Revealed at Mecca
In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful.
$^1$ For the taming of Qureysh $^2$ For their taming (We cause) the caravans to set forth in winter and summer. $^3$ So let them worship the Lord of this House, $^4$ Who hath fed them against hunger $^5$ And hath made them safe from fear.
Footnotes
# The Mechanical Cow

* related portals: Oswald the Lucky Rabbit, Silent cartoons.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Commons category, Wikidata item.
Cast and Crew :
| Crew ||
| Director | Walt Disney (d. 1966) |
| Producer | Walt Disney |
| Based on available information, the latest crew member that is relevant to international copyright laws died in 1966, meaning that this film may be in the public domain in countries and jurisdictions with 57 years p.m.a. or less, as well as in the United States. ||
UNIVERSAL presents OSWALD THE LUCKY RABBIT in
"The Mechanical Cow"
A Winkler Production by Walt Disney
COPYRIGHT MCMXXVII by UNIVERSAL PICTURES CORPORATION
Z-Z-Z-Z
Clang
DingLingDingDingLing [...]
Milk
Taxi
AN OSWALD COMEDY
THE END
DISTRIBUTED BY UNIVERSAL
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
Copyright law abroad tends to consider the following people authors of a film:
* The principal director
* The screenwriter, and/or other writers of dialogue
* The composer/lyricist (if the film is accompanied by sound)
* The cinematographer
* By extension, the authors of any works that may serve as the basis for a film's plot
The longest-living of these authors died in 1966, so this work is in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 57 years or less. This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse