# Handbook of Meteorology/Appendix

REFERENCE TABLES
C. G. S. UNITS
The construction and evolution of the system of electrical units now in general use began in Europe where the metric system originated. Two of the basic units, the centimeter and the gram, are metric units; the second of time is universally employed in time measurements.
The meter, 3.2808 feet = 39.37 inches, is theoretically the one ten-millionth part of the earth’s quadrant; actually it is the length of a metal rod differing from the theoretical value by about three-fourths of a millimeter. The prefixed multiples, deka-, hecto-, kilo- and mega- are in ten-fold ratio. They indicate respectively 10, 100, 1000 and 1,000,000. The prefixed decimal divisions, deci-, centi-, milli- and micro- indicate tenths, hundredths, thousandths and millionths.
The C. G. S. units are generally used in the United States in chemical and in abstract physical determinations. On account of their inconvenient magnitudes their use has not extended to mechanics; and for this reason the employment of them is strenuously resisted by manufacturers in every line.
Units of the C. G. S. System. — The centimeter, the one-hundredth part of the meter, is the unit of length. 1 cm = 0.0328 foot.
The gram, the unit of mass, is the weight of 1 cu cm of pure water under standard conditions. 1 g = 0.0022 pound = 15.432 grains. The weight of a cubic centimeter of a substance also represents its specific gravity.
​ The cubic centimeter is the unit of volume. 1 cc = 0.0000353 cu ft = 0.061 cu in.
The unit of density is numerically the same as the specific gravity. It is the rate of 1 gram per cubic centimeter.
The unit of velocity is the velocity of 1 centimeter per second; 1 cm per second = 0.0328 foot per second = 0.0224 m. per hour.
The unit of acceleration is the rate of a unit of velocity per second or 1 centimeter per second, per second.
The unit of force, 1 dyne, is the force which imparts to 1 gram a velocity of 1 centimeter per second, per second. It is sometimes expressed in the term poundals; 1 dyne = 0.0000722 poundal. The acceleration of gravity of a falling body varies in different latitudes because the earth is spheroidal and not globular in form. In latitude 45° , the latitude to which results commonly are reduced, the acceleration is 980.621 centimeters per second, per second. If the relative value at latitude 45° be taken as a unit, the relative value at the equator will be 0.9974; at the pole 1.0027.
The unit of pressure is 1 dyne per square centimeter. The megadyne is a more convenient unit and generally is used. The megadyne is commonly called 1 bar. Barometric pressure is read in kilobars and its subdivisions in millibars. 1 bar = 1000 millibars = 0.001 kilobar. 1 kilobar = 0.03386 inch; 1 inch = 33.864 millibars; 1 millimeter = 1.333 millibars. The barometric pressure at 29.53 inches =1000 millibars, which is equivalent to an altitude of 338 feet above mean sea level. The dyne may be conceived as the pressure upon the hand—that is, the weight—of a piece of very thin tissue paper 1 centimeter square.
The unit of rainfall is 1 millimeter. For all practical purposes, the reduction of hundredths of an inch in rainfall to millimeters of rainfall is effected, by moving the decimal point two places to the right and dividing by 4. Thus, if the catchment of a storm is 2.40 inches; the division gives 60 millimeters. A more accurate result will be obtained by using 3.94 as the divisor. Multiplying by .04 reduces millimeters of rainfall to inches of rainfall.
The practical unit of wind velocity is 1 meter per second—that is, 100 times the C. G. S. unit.
The practical unit of wind force is 1 kilodyne per unit of area.
​ The practical unit of wind pressure is the millibar. Wind force is not always exactly proportional to the area.
The practical unit of radiation is the gram calorie (in distinction from the great calorie) or the warmth required to raise 1 gram of water 1° C in temperature.
The erg, the unit of work, is the amount of work done when a mass of 1 gram moves a distance of 1 centimeter, against a resistance of 1 dyne. A more practical unit is the joule, or 10,000,000 ergs.
The unit of time is the second, of which the mean solar day contains 86,400.
Units of Magnetism and Electricity.—Magnetism may be either positive or negative. Bodies charged with the same kind of magnetism repel each other; charged with opposite kinds, they attract. Commercial magnets are usually marked, the letter N or a dash being stamped upon the north-seeking pole. The convenient unit of magnetism is one which attracts or repels an equal quantity at a distance of 1 centimeter.
The absolute unit of current flowing through a centimeter of wire acts with a force of 1 dyne on a unit of magnetism 1 centimeter distant from every point of the wire.
An ampere, the practical unit of current, is the electromotive force of 1 volt against a resistance of 1 ohm. It is the tenth part of the absolute unit. An ordinary dry cell gives a current of about 2 amperes, a Daniels wet cell, 1 ampere. Dry cells differ somewhat in strength.
A volt, conversely, is the electromotive force, or “electric pressure,” which, flowing in a conductor having a resistance of 1 ohm, will yield 1 ampere of current. The ordinary dry cell, when fresh, has an electromotive force of about 2 volts.
The ohm is the unit of resistance. For all practical purposes it is the resistance of 50 meters of copper wire 1 millimeter in diameter. Theoretically it was intended to be the resistance of a wire in which 1 ampere of current in 1 second would generate the amount of heat equivalent to 10,000,000 ergs.
The watt is the unit of power. At the rate of 10,000,000 ergs per second, a current of 1 ampere having the pressure of 1 volt has a value of 1 watt. A common candle has the heating equivalent of about 60 watts. One horse power, the power required ​to lift 33,000 pounds 1 foot high in a minute of time, is rated about 746 watts.
A coulomb is the unit of quantity. It is the quantity of electricity transferred by a current of 1 ampere in one second.
The farad is the unit of capacity. The capacity of a condenser is theoretically the electricity that can be stored in it by a cell of known electromotive force. For purposes of exact measurement the cell should have an electromotive force equal to 1 unit absolute measure. It is practically a condenser which, charged with 1 coulomb of current, has a difference of potential of 1 volt.
Chemical Formulas
Freezing Mixtures.—Salt, 1 part; snow at 32°, 2 parts, produce a zero mixture.
Calcium chloride, 2 parts; snow at 32°, 1 part, produce a temperature of −40° F.
Potassium hydrate (concentrated) at 32° and snow at 32°, equal parts, produce a temperature of −30° F.
Ammonium chloride, potassium nitrate and water at 32°, equal parts, produce a temperature of −10° F.
The temperature produced by these mixtures is approximate only. The first mentioned may vary not more than 3 degrees; usually the variation is not more than 1 degree; a variation of as much as 10 degrees may occur in the second. As a rule, the larger the volume of the mixture the better the result.
Chemical Hygroscopes.—Various chemical salts are sensitive to the moisture of the air; some of them change color with the absorption or the discharge of moisture. Cobaltic chloride is the basis of most of the commercial hygroscopes of this character. A solution consisting of 5 grains of cobaltic chloride, 50 grains of gelatine and 1 fluid ounce of water is a good porportion. There must be a complete emulsification of the gelatine. A strip of unsized paper wet with the emulsion is normally pink in moist air, violet in moderately moist air, and blue in dry air. When the winter fires are on in dwellings, the strip of paper is persistently blue. Ordinarily it does not begin to turn until the moisture of the air is about 75 per cent.
Ozone Test Papers.—Qualitative tests for ozone are often desirable. The following solution is highly regarded. Distilled ​water, 1 oz; starch, 25 grains; potassium iodide, 4 grains. Dissolve the potassium iodide in a small part of the water; boil the starch in the remaining part; mix and shake thoroughly. Moisten strips of unsized white paper and suspend them in the thermometer shelter or in shaded open air. Usually an exposure of from 3 hours to 10 hours is required. The ozone decomposes the potassium iodide, thereby turning the paper blue in color. This is probably the best test.
A slip of paper moistened with a solution of manganous sulphate is turned brown by ozone. The reaction oxidizes the manganous to manganic sulphate.
A paper strip smeared thinly with lead sulphide is more or less bleached by ozone, the sulphide being oxidized to a sulphate, which is white. This test is characteristic if the sulphide is smeared upon black paper.
Storm Glasses. — The so-called “storm-glass” which is sold under several fanciful names, consists of a solution just beyond the point of precipitation inclosed in a thin glass tube about 7 inches long and half an inch in diameter. The solution consists of camphor, 10 parts; potassium nitrate (saltpeter) 5 parts; ammonium chloride (sal ammoniac) 5 parts; 95 per cent alcohol 105 parts; and distilled water 45 parts. The virtue of the solution depends on the fact that neither the solution nor the precipitation is complete; the proportion of alcohol must be regulated to prevent more than a small part of the chemical salts from precipitation. The glass must be thin enough and elastic enough to yield slightly to changes in atmospheric pressure. About 1 inch of air space in the tube adds to the sensitiveness of precipitation. An increase in pressure causes the precipitation to extend nearly to the top of the solution; a decrease causes increased solution and a settling to the bottom of the tube. With a very low barometer the precipitated matter sinks to the bottom and becomes gelatinous. Increase of pressure is followed by the formation of minute crystals that grow in size. The only weather changes indicated are those foretold by a rising or by a falling barometer.
Table 1—Miscellaneous Equivalents
* =320 rods
* =1760 yards
* =5280 ft
* =63360 in
* =1.60935 kilometers
* =0.003125 mi
* =16.5 ft.
* =198.0 in
* =5.0292 meters
| 1 yard | =0.000568 mi |
| | =0.9144 meter |
| 1 foot | =0.3333 yd |
| | =0.000189 mi |
| | =0.3048 meter |
* =1000 mils
* =0.08333 ft
* =0.02777 yd
* =2.54 centimeters
| 1 mil | =0.001 in |
| | =0.0254 millimeter |
| 1 fathom | =6 ft |
| | =1.8288 meter |
| 1 nautical mile | =6080.27 ft US |
| | =1.1516 stat mi US |
| | =6080 ft Br Ad |
| | =1.1515 stat mi |
| 1 statute mile | =0.8684 naut mi US |
| 1 geographical mile | =0°1′ at equator |
| | =6087.15 ft |
| | =1.1528 stat mi |
1 nautical mi Br Ad :
| 1 nautical mi Br | =1853.248 meters |
| 1 geographical mi (U S) ||
| | =1855.345 meters |
1 chain (engineers) :
| 1 chain (engin | =100 ft |
| 1 chain (engin | =6.0606 rods |
| 1 chain (engin | =1.5157 Gunter’s chain |
| 1 chain (engin | =30.48 meters |
* =66 ft
* =4 rods
* =0.66 chain
* =0.0125 mi
* =20.1168 meters
| 1 link | =7. 92 in |
* =0.62137 mi
* =198.8384 rods
* =1093.61 yds
* =3280.83 ft
| 1 meter | =39.37 in |
| | =3.28083 ft |
| | =1.09361 yds |
| 1 centimeter | =0.3937 in |
| | =0.032808 ft |
| 1 millimeter | =0.03937 m |
| | =39.37 mils |
| | =1000 mikrons |
| 1 mikron | =0.001 mm |
* =640 acres
* =102400 sq rd
* =3,097,600 sq yd
* =27,878,400 sq ft
* =2.59 sq kilo
* =160 sq rd
* =4840 sq yd
* =43560 sq ft
* =4046.87 sq meters
* =0.0404687 hectare
| 1 square yd | =0.83613 sq meter |
| 1 square foot | =0.1111 sq yd |
| | =144 sq in |
| | =0.0929 sq meter |
| | = 929.03 sq cm |
| 1 square inch | =0.006944 sq ft |
| | =6.4516 sq cm |
| 1 square mil | =0.00001 sq in |
| | =0.00064516 sq mm |
1 square kilometer :
| 1 square foot | =0.3861 sq mi |
| 1 square foot | =247.105 acres |
| 1 square foot | =1,000,000 sq meters |
| 1 square meter | =1.196 sq yd |
| | =10.7639 sq ft |
| | =1550 sq in |
1 square centimeter :
| 1 square foot | =0.155 sq in |
| 1 square foot | =0.0001 sq meter |
| 1 square millimeter | =1550 sq mils |
| | =0.00155 sq m |
| 1 hectare | =2.471 acres |
| | =107,639 sq ft |
| 1 cubic yard | =27 cu ft = 46,656 |
| 1 cu in | =0.76456 cu meter |
* =0.037 cu yd
* = 1728 cu in
* =7.4805 U S gals
* =6.2321 Imp gal
* =0.0283 cu meter
* =28317 cu cm
| 1 cubic inch | =16. 3872 cu cm |
| 1 cubic meter | =1.30794 cu yd |
| | =35.3145 cu ft |
| | =61,023.4 cu in |
1 cubic decimeter (1 liter) :
| 1 cubic decimeter | =0.03531 cu ft |
| 1 cubic decimeter | 61 .0234 cu in |
| 1 cubic decimeter | =1000 cu cm |
| 1 cubic decimeter | =0.26417 U S gal |
| 1 cubic decimeter | =0.22 Imp gal |
| 1 bushel U S |
| | =1.24445 cu ft |
| | =2150.4 cu in |
| 1 bushel Br | =1.28368 |
* =0.133681 cu ft
* =231 cu in
* =3.78543 liters
* =3785 cu cm
* =4 qts
* =8 pts
* A cylinder 7 in diameter and 6 in high has a capacity of 230.9 cu in—practically 1 gal.
| 1 gallon, Imperial | =277.274 cu in |
| | =4.5437 liters |
| 1 quart | =57.75 cu in |
| | =946.25 cu cm |
| 1 fluid ounce | =1.8047 cu in |
| | =29.574 cu cm |
| 1 ton, long | =2240 lbs (av) |
| | =1.016 met tons |
| | =1016.05 kg |
| 1 ton, short | =2000 lbs |
| | =0.907 met ton |
| | =907 kilo |
* = 16 oz
* =7000 grains
* =0.4536 kg
* =453-59 gram
* =12 oz
* =5760 grains
* =372.631 grams
* =0.373 2 3 kg
| 1 ounce avoirdupois | =437.5 grains |
| | =0.0625 lb |
| | =28.35 grams |
| 1 ounce troy | =480 grains |
| | =0.0833 lb |
| | =31.1 grams |
* =0.9842 long tons
* =1.1023 short tons
* =2204.62 lbs
* =1000 kg
* =2.20462 lb av
* =2.6792 lb troy
* =35.274 oz av
* =33.140 oz troy
| 1 gram | =15.432 grains |
| | = 1000 mg |
| | =1 cu cm water |
| 1 grain | =0.0648 gram |
1 horse power :
| 1 horse po | =33,000 ft lb per min |
| 1 horse po | =1,980,000 ft lb per sec |
| 1 horse po | =273,746 kg meters |
| 1 horse po | =2,685,443 joules |
| 1 horse po | =2544.99 lb |
| 1 horse po | =641.326 kilo |
* =1 lb 1° F
* =778 ft lb
* =0.252 kg C°
* =107.56 kg meters
| 1 joule | =0.7373 ft lb |
| | =0.102 kg meter |
1 kilogrammeter :
| 1 kilogrammete | =7.89 h p min |
| 1 kilogrammete | =0.1315 h p sec |
| 1 kilogrammete | =7233 ft lb |
| 1 kilogrammete | =0.8 met h p min |
| 1 kilogrammete | =0.0133 rnet h p sec |
| 1 kilogrammete | =9.81 joules |
1 kilogram degree C° :
| 1 kilogram degree | = 3087.35 ft lb |
| 1 kilogram degree | =3.968 deg lb F° |
| 1 kilogram degree | =426.84 kg meters |
1 metric horse power :
| 1 metric horse | =1,952,910 ft lb (hour) |
| 1 metric horse | =2,648,700 joules |
* =43, 500 cu ft
* =325,850.58 US gal
* =0.6234 U S gal per sq ft
* =1233.46 cu meters
* =1344.2 tons
* =3630 cu ft
* =27154.21 U S gal
* =102.8 cu meters
* =112.01 tons
1 acre centimeter :
| 1 acre ce | =0.24542 U S gal per sq ft |
| t = 32° | P = 29.92 in or 760 mm |
| 1 cubic yard of air | =2.17888 lb av |
| | =988.615 grams |
* =0.807 lb av
* =565.061 grains
* =36.615 grams
* =1.291 oz av
* =29.921 in of mercury
* =760 mm of mercury
* =33.9 ft of water
* =14.7 lb per sq in
* =1.0333 kg per sq cm
1 metric atmosphere :
| 1 metric atmosp | =0.9678 atmosphere |
1 cubic meter of air (32° F) :
| 1 cubic meter of air (32° | =2.85 lb |
| 1 cubic meter of air (32° | =1 . 293 kg |
1 inch per second :
| 1 inch per seco | =300 ft per hour |
| 1 inch per seco | =152.4 cm per min |
1 foot per second :
| 1 foot per seco | =60 ft per min |
| 1 foot per seco | =3600 ft per hour |
| 1 foot per seco | =0.682 mi per hour |
| 1 foot per seco | =1.097 kilo per hour |
1 mile per hour :
| 1 mile per ho | =1.466 ft per sec |
| 1 mile per ho | =88 ft per min |
| 1 mile per ho | =0.447 meter per sec |
| 1 mile per ho | =26.822 meters per min |
1 mile per min :
| 1 mile per m | =5280 ft per min |
| 1 mile per m | =96.5608 kilo per hour |
| 1 mile per m | =16.035 kilo per min |
1 kilometer per min :
| 1 kilometer pe | =2.2369 mi per hour |
| 1 kilometer pe | =96.5608 ft per min |
| 1 knot | 1 k =rate of 1 nautical mile per hour |
1′ of longitude at equator :
| 1′ of longitude at e | =1855.345 meters |
| 1′ of longitude at e | =6087.15 ft |
1′ of latitude at equator :
| 1′ of latitude at eq | =1842.787 meters |
| 1′ of latitude at eq | =6045.95 ft |
| 1′ of latitude at eq | =1.14507 st mi |
1′ longitude at equator :
| 1′ of longitude at equ | =1.15287 st mi |
Equatorial radius of earth :
| Equatorial radius | =3962.571 mi |
Polar radius of earth :
| Polar radius of ear | =3949.67 mi |
| 1 cu ft of ice at 32° | =57.5 lbs |
| 1 lb of ice at 32° | =0.0174 cu ft |
1 inch of mercury in the barometer :
| 1 inch of | tube=13.5956 in of water |
Table 2—Inches to Centimeters :
| Inches | 0 | 1 in | 2 in | 3 in | 4 in | 5 in | 6 in | 7 in | 8 in | 9 in |
| | cm | cm | cm | cm | cm | cm | cm | cm | cm | cm |
| 0 | | 2.54 | 5.08 | 7.62 | 10.16 | 12.70 | 15.24 | 17.78 | 20.32 | 22.86 |
| 10 | 25.40 | 27.94 | 30.48 | 33.02 | 35.56 | 38.10 | 40.64 | 43.18 | 45.72 | 48.26 |
| 20 | 50.80 | 53.34 | 55.88 | 58.42 | 60.96 | 63.50 | 66.04 | 68.58 | 71.12 | 73.66 |
| 30 | 76.20 | 78.74 | 81.28 | 83.82 | 86.36 | 88.90 | 91.44 | 93.98 | 96.52 | 99.06 |
| 40 | 101.60 | 104.14 | 106.68 | 109.22 | 111.76 | 114.30 | 116.84 | 119.38 | 121.92 | 124.46 |
| 50 | 127.00 | 129.54 | 132.08 | 134.62 | 137.16 | 139.70 | 142.24 | 144.78 | 147.32 | 149.86 |
| 60 | 152.40 | 154.94 | 157.48 | 160.02 | 162.56 | 165.10 | 167.64 | 170.18 | 172.72 | 175.26 |
| 70 | 177.80 | 180.34 | 182.88 | 185.42 | 187.96 | 190.50 | 193.04 | 195.58 | 198.12 | 200.66 |
| 80 | 203.20 | 205.74 | 208.28 | 210.82 | 213.36 | 215.90 | 218.44 | 220.98 | 223.52 | 226.06 |
| 90 | 228.60 | 231.14 | 233.68 | 236.22 | 238.76 | 241.30 | 243.84 | 246.38 | 248.92 | 251.46 |
| 100 | 254.00 | 256.54 | 259.08 | 261.62 | 264.16 | 266.70 | 269.24 | 271.78 | 274.32 | 276.86 |
Table 3—Centimeters to Inches :
| Centi- meters | 0 | 1 cm | 2 cm | 3 cm | 4 cm | 5 cm | 6 cm | 7 cm | 8 cm | 9 cm |
| | in | in | in | in | in | in | in | in | in | in |
| 0 | | 0.394 | 0.788 | 1.182 | 1.576 | 1.970 | 2.364 | 2.758 | 3.152 | 3.546 |
| 10 | 3.940 | 4.334 | 4.728 | 5.122 | 5.516 | 5.910 | 6.304 | 6.698 | 7.092 | 7.486 |
| 20 | 7.880 | 8.274 | 8.668 | 9.062 | 9.456 | 9.850 | 10.244 | 10.638 | 11.032 | 11.426 |
| 30 | 11.820 | 12.214 | 12.608 | 13.002 | 13.396 | 13.790 | 14.184 | 14.578 | 14.972 | 15.366 |
| 40 | 15.760 | 16.154 | 16.548 | 16.942 | 17.336 | 17.730 | 18.124 | 18.518 | 18.912 | 19.306 |
| 50 | 19.700 | 20.094 | 20.488 | 20.882 | 21.276 | 21.670 | 22.064 | 22.458 | 22.852 | 23.246 |
| 60 | 23.640 | 24.034 | 24.428 | 24.822 | 25.216 | 25.610 | 26.004 | 26.398 | 26.792 | 27.186 |
| 70 | 27.580 | 27.974 | 28.368 | 28.762 | 29.156 | 29.550 | 29.944 | 30.338 | 30.732 | 31.126 |
| 80 | 31.520 | 31.914 | 32.308 | 32.702 | 33.096 | 33.490 | 33.884 | 34.278 | 34.672 | 35.066 |
| 90 | 35.460 | 35.854 | 36.248 | 36.642 | 37.036 | 37.430 | 37.824 | 38.218 | 38.612 | 39.006 |
| 100 | 39.400 | 39.794 | 40.188 | 40.582 | 40.976 | 41.370 | 41.764 | 42.158 | 42.552 | 42.946 |
1 inch= 2.540005 centimeters; 1 centimeter = 0.397 inch.
Table 4—Cubic inches to Cubic centimeters :
| | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
| 0 | | 16.39 | 32.77 | 49.16 | 65.55 | 81.94 | 98.32 | 114.71 | 131.10 | 147.48 |
| 10 | 163.87 | 180.26 | 196.65 | 213.03 | 229.42 | 245.81 | 262.19 | 278.58 | 294.97 | 311.35 |
| 20 | 327.74 | 344.13 | 360.52 | 376.90 | 393.29 | 409.68 | 426.06 | 442.45 | 458.84 | 475.23 |
| 30 | 491.61 | 508.00 | 524.39 | 540.77 | 557.16 | 573.55 | 589.94 | 606.32 | 622.71 | 639.10 |
| 40 | 655.48 | 671.87 | 688.26 | 704.65 | 721.03 | 737.42 | 753.81 | 770.19 | 786.58 | 802.97 |
| 50 | 819.36 | 835.74 | 852.13 | 868.52 | 884.90 | 901.29 | 917.68 | 934.06 | 950.45 | 966.84 |
| 60 | 983.23 | 999.61 | 1016.0 | 1032.4 | 1048.8 | 1065.2 | 1081.5 | 1097.9 | 1114.3 | 1130.7 |
| 70 | 1147.1 | 1163.5 | 1179.9 | 1196.3 | 1212.6 | 1229.0 | 1245.4 | 1261.8 | 1278.2 | 1294.6 |
| 80 | 1311.0 | 1327.4 | 1343.7 | 1360.1 | 1376.5 | 1392.9 | 1409.3 | 1425.7 | 1442.1 | 1458.5 |
| 90 | 1474.8 | 1491.2 | 1507.6 | 1524.0 | 1540.4 | 1556.8 | 1573.2 | 1589.5 | 1605.9 | 1622.3 |
| 100 | 1638.7 | 1655.1 | 1671.5 | 1687.9 | 1704.3 | 1720.6 | 1737.0 | 1753.4 | 1769.8 | 1786.2 |
Table 5—Cubic centimeters to Cubic inches :
| | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
| 0 | | 0.0610 | 0.1220 | 0.1831 | 0.2441 | 0.3051 | 0.3661 | 0.4272 | 0.4882 | 0.5492 |
| 10 | 0.6102 | 0.6713 | 0.7323 | 0.7933 | 0.8543 | 0.9154 | 0.9764 | 1.0374 | 1.0984 | 1.1595 |
| 20 | 1.2205 | 1.2815 | 1.3425 | 1.4035 | 1.4646 | 1.5256 | 1.5866 | 1.6476 | 1.7087 | 1.7697 |
| 30 | 1.8307 | 1.8917 | 1.9528 | 2.0138 | 2.0748 | 2.1358 | 2.1969 | 2.2579 | 2.3189 | 2.3799 |
| 40 | 2.4409 | 2.5020 | 2.5630 | 2.6240 | 2.6850 | 2.7461 | 2.8071 | 2.8681 | 2.9291 | 2.9902 |
| 50 | 3.0512 | 3.1122 | 3.1732 | 3.2343 | 3.2953 | 3.3563 | 3.4173 | 3.4784 | 3.5394 | 3.6004 |
| 60 | 3.6614 | 3.7224 | 3.7835 | 3.8445 | 3.9055 | 3.9665 | 4.0276 | 4.0886 | 4.1496 | 4.2106 |
| 70 | 4.2717 | 4.3327 | 4.3937 | 4.4547 | 4.5158 | 4.5768 | 4.6378 | 4.6988 | 4.7598 | 4.8209 |
| 80 | 4.8819 | 4.9429 | 5.0039 | 5.0650 | 5.1260 | 5.1870 | 5.2480 | 5.3091 | 5.3701 | 5.4311 |
| 90 | 5.4921 | 5.5532 | 5.6142 | 5.6752 | 5.7362 | 5.7973 | 5.8583 | 5.9193 | 5.9803 | 6.0413 |
| 100 | 6.1024 | 6.1634 | 6.2244 | 6.2854 | 6.3465 | 6.4075 | 6.4685 | 6.5295 | 6.5906 | 6.6516 |
1 cubic inch = 16.3872 cubic centimeters; 1 cubic centimeter 0.061023 cubic inch.
Table 6—Miles to Kilometers :
| Miles | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
| | kilom | kilom | kilom | kilom | kilom | kilom | kilom | kilom | kilom | kilom |
| 0 | | 1.609 | 3.219 | 4.828 | 6.437 | 8.047 | 9.656 | 11.265 | 12.875 | 14.484 |
| 10 | 16.093 | 17.703 | 19.312 | 20.921 | 22.531 | 24.140 | 25.750 | 27.359 | 28.968 | 30.578 |
| 20 | 32.187 | 33.796 | 35.406 | 37.015 | 38.624 | 40.234 | 41.843 | 43.452 | 45.062 | 46.671 |
| 30 | 48.280 | 49.890 | 51.499 | 53.108 | 54.718 | 56.327 | 57.936 | 59.546 | 61.155 | 62.764 |
| 40 | 64.374 | 65.983 | 67.592 | 69.202 | 70.811 | 72.420 | 74.030 | 75.639 | 77.249 | 78.858 |
| 50 | 80.467 | 82.077 | 83.686 | 85.295 | 86.905 | 88.514 | 90.123 | 91.733 | 93.342 | 94.951 |
| 60 | 96.561 | 98.170 | 99.779 | 101.39 | 103.00 | 104.61 | 106.22 | 107.83 | 109.44 | 111.04 |
| 70 | 112.65 | 114.26 | 115.87 | 117.48 | 119.09 | 120.70 | 122.31 | 123.92 | 125.53 | 127.14 |
| 80 | 128.75 | 130.36 | 131.97 | 133.58 | 135.18 | 136.79 | 138.40 | 140.01 | 141.62 | 143.23 |
| 90 | 144.84 | 146.45 | 148.06 | 149.67 | 151.28 | 152.89 | 154.50 | 156.11 | 157.72 | 159.33 |
| 100 | 160.93 | 162.54 | 164.15 | 165.76 | 167.37 | 168.98 | 170.59 | 172.20 | 173.81 | 175.42 |
Table 7—Kilometers to Miles :
| Kilom | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
| | mi | mi | mi | mi | mi | mi | mi | mi | mi | mi |
| 0 | | 0.6214 | 1.2427 | 1.8641 | 2.4855 | 3.1069 | 3.7282 | 4.3496 | 4.9710 | 5.5923 |
| 10 | 6.2137 | 6.8351 | 7.4565 | 8.0778 | 8.6992 | 9.3206 | 9.9419 | 10.563 | 11.185 | 11.806 |
| 20 | 12.427 | 13.049 | 13.670 | 14.292 | 14.913 | 15.534 | 16.156 | 16.777 | 17.398 | 18.020 |
| 30 | 18.641 | 19.263 | 19.884 | 20.505 | 21.127 | 21.748 | 22.369 | 22.991 | 23.612 | 24.233 |
| 40 | 24.855 | 25.476 | 26.098 | 26.719 | 27.340 | 27.962 | 28.583 | 29.204 | 29.826 | 30.447 |
| 50 | 31.069 | 31.690 | 32.311 | 32.933 | 33.554 | 34.175 | 34.797 | 35.418 | 36.040 | 36.661 |
| 60 | 37.282 | 37.904 | 38.525 | 39.146 | 39.768 | 40.389 | 41.010 | 41.632 | 42.253 | 42.875 |
| 70 | 43.496 | 44.117 | 44.739 | 45.360 | 45.981 | 46.603 | 47.224 | 47.846 | 48.467 | 49.088 |
| 80 | 49.710 | 50.331 | 50.952 | 51.574 | 52.195 | 52.817 | 53.438 | 54.059 | 54.681 | 55.302 |
| 90 | 55.923 | 56.545 | 57.166 | 57.788 | 58.409 | 59.030 | 59.652 | 60.273 | 60.894 | 61.516 |
| 100 | 62.137 | 62.758 | 63.380 | 64.001 | 64.623 | 65.244 | 65.865 | 66.487 | 67.108 | 67.729 |
1 mi. = 1.609347 kilometers; 1 kilometer = 0.62137 mile.
Table 8—Feet to Meters :
| | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
| 0 | | 0.305 | 0.610 | 0.914 | 1.219 | 1.524 | 1.829 | 2.134 | 2.438 | 2.743 |
| 10 | 3.048 | 3.353 | 3.658 | 3.962 | 4.267 | 4.572 | 4.877 | 5.182 | 5.486 | 5.791 |
| 20 | 6.096 | 6.401 | 6.706 | 7.010 | 7.315 | 7.620 | 7.925 | 8.230 | 8.534 | 8.839 |
| 30 | 9.144 | 9.449 | 9.754 | 10.058 | 10.363 | 10.668 | 10.973 | 11.278 | 11.582 | 11.887 |
| 40 | 12.192 | 12.497 | 12.802 | 13.106 | 13.411 | 13.716 | 14.021 | 14.326 | 14.630 | 14.935 |
| 50 | 15.240 | 15.545 | 15.850 | 16.154 | 16.459 | 16.764 | 17.069 | 17.374 | 17.678 | 17.983 |
| 60 | 18.288 | 18.593 | 18.898 | 19.202 | 19.507 | 19.812 | 20.117 | 20.422 | 20.726 | 21.031 |
| 70 | 21.336 | 21.641 | 21.946 | 22.250 | 22.555 | 22.860 | 23.165 | 23.470 | 23.774 | 24.079 |
| 80 | 24.384 | 24.689 | 24.994 | 25.298 | 25.603 | 25.908 | 26.213 | 26.518 | 26.822 | 27.127 |
| 90 | 27.432 | 27.737 | 28.042 | 28.346 | 28.651 | 28.956 | 29.261 | 29.566 | 29.870 | 30.175 |
| 100 | 30.480 | 30.785 | ———— | ———— | ———— | ———— | ———— | ———— | ———— | ———— |
Table 9—Meters to Feet :
| | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
| 0 | | 3.281 | 6.562 | 9.842 | 13.123 | 16.404 | 19.685 | 22.966 | 26.247 | 29.527 |
| 10 | 32.808 | 36.089 | 39.370 | 42.651 | 45.932 | 49.212 | 52.493 | 55.774 | 59.055 | 62.336 |
| 20 | 65.617 | 68.897 | 72.178 | 75.459 | 78.740 | 82.021 | 85.302 | 88.582 | 91.863 | 95.144 |
| 30 | 98.425 | 101.71 | 104.99 | 108.27 | 111.55 | 114.83 | 118.11 | 121.39 | 124.67 | 127.95 |
| 40 | 131.23 | 134.51 | 137.79 | 141.08 | 144.36 | 147.64 | 150.92 | 154.20 | 157.48 | 160.76 |
| 50 | 164.04 | 167.32 | 170.60 | 173.88 | 177.16 | 180.45 | 183.73 | 187.01 | 190.29 | 193.57 |
| 60 | 196.85 | 200.13 | 203.41 | 206.69 | 209.97 | 213.25 | 216.53 | 219.82 | 223.10 | 226.38 |
| 70 | 229.66 | 232.94 | 236.22 | 239.50 | 242.78 | 246.06 | 249.34 | 252.62 | 255.90 | 259.19 |
| 80 | 262.47 | 265.75 | 269.03 | 272.31 | 275.59 | 278.87 | 282.15 | 285.43 | 288.71 | 291.99 |
| 90 | 295.27 | 298.56 | 301.84 | 305.12 | 308.40 | 311.68 | 314.96 | 318.24 | 321.52 | 324.80 |
| 100 | 328.08 | ———— | ———— | ———— | ———— | ———— | ———— | ———— | ———— | ———— |
1 foot = 0.3048006 meter; 1 meter = 3.280833 feet.
Table 10—Barometer Inches to Millimeters :
| Inches | .0 | .01 | .02 | .03 | .04 | .05 | .06 | .07 | .08 | .09 |
| | mm | mm | mm | mm | mm | mm | mm | mm | mm | mm |
| 0.0 | 0.00 | 2.54 | 5.08 | 7.62 | 10.16 | 12.70 | 15.24 | 17.78 | 20.32 | 22.86 |
| 0.1 | 0.25 | 2.79 | 5.33 | 7.87 | 10.41 | 12.95 | 15.49 | 18.03 | 20.57 | 23.11 |
| 0.2 | 0.51 | 3.05 | 5.59 | 8.13 | 10.67 | 13.21 | 15.75 | 18.29 | 20.83 | 23.37 |
| 0.3 | 0.76 | 3.30 | 5.84 | 8.38 | 10.92 | 13.46 | 16.00 | 18.54 | 21.08 | 23.62 |
| 0.4 | 1.02 | 3.56 | 6.10 | 8.64 | 11.18 | 13.72 | 16.26 | 18.80 | 21.34 | 23.88 |
| 0.5 | 1.27 | 3.81 | 6.35 | 8.89 | 11.43 | 13.97 | 16.51 | 19.05 | 21.59 | 24.13 |
| 0.6 | 1.52 | 4.06 | 6.60 | 9.14 | 11.68 | 14.22 | 16.76 | 19.30 | 21.84 | 24.38 |
| 0.7 | 1.78 | 4.32 | 6.86 | 9.40 | 11.94 | 14.48 | 17.02 | 19.56 | 22.10 | 24.64 |
| 0.8 | 2.03 | 4.57 | 7.11 | 9.65 | 12.19 | 14.73 | 17.27 | 19.81 | 22.35 | 24.89 |
| 0.9 | 2.29 | 4.83 | 7.37 | 9.91 | 12.45 | 14.99 | 17.53 | 20.07 | 22.61 | 25.15 |
Proportional Parts
| in | in | in | in | in | in | in | in | in | in | in | in |
| 1.00 | 2.00 | 3.00 | 4.00 | 5.00 | 6.00 | 7.00 | 8.00 | 9.00 | 10.00 | 20.00 | 30.00 |
| mm | mm | mm | mm | mm | mm | mm | mm | mm | mm | mm | mm |
| 25.40 | 50.80 | 76.20 | 101.60 | 127.00 | 152.40 | 177.80 | 203.20 | 228.60 | 254.00 | 508.00 | 762.00 |
| in | in | in | in | in | in | in | in | in | in |
| 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.003 | 0.004 | 0.005 | 0.006 | 0.007 | 0.008 | 0.009 | 0.010 |
| mm | mm | mm | mm | mm | mm | mm | mm | mm | mm |
| 0.025 | 0.051 | 0.076 | 0.102 | 0.127 | 0.152 | 0.178 | 0.203 | 0.229 | 0.254 |
Table 11—Barometer Millimeters to Inches :
| Milli- meters | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
| | in | in | in | in | in | in | in | in | in | in |
| 0 | 0.0000 | 0.0394 | 0.0787 | 0.1181 | 0.1575 | 0.1969 | 0.2362 | 0.2756 | 0.3150 | 0.3543 |
| 10 | 0.3937 | 0.4331 | 0.4724 | 0.5118 | 0.5512 | 0.5906 | 0.6299 | 0.6693 | 0.7087 | 0.7480 |
| 20 | 0.7874 | 0.8268 | 0.8661 | 0.9055 | 0.9449 | 0.9843 | 1.0236 | 1.0630 | 1.1024 | 1.1417 |
| 30 | 1.1811 | 1.2205 | 1.2598 | 1.2992 | 1.3386 | 1.3780 | 1.4173 | 1.4567 | 1.4961 | 1.5354 |
| 40 | 1.5748 | 1.6142 | 1.6535 | 1.6929 | 1.7323 | 1.7717 | 1.8110 | 1.8504 | 1.8898 | 1.9291 |
| 50 | 1.9685 | 2.0079 | 2.0472 | 2.0866 | 2.1260 | 2.1654 | 2.2047 | 2.2441 | 2.2835 | 2.3228 |
| 60 | 2.3622 | 2.4016 | 2.4409 | 2.4803 | 2.5197 | 2.5591 | 2.5984 | 2.6378 | 2.6772 | 2.7165 |
| 70 | 2.7559 | 2.7953 | 2.8346 | 2.8740 | 2.9134 | 2.9528 | 2.9921 | 3.0315 | 3.0709 | 3.1102 |
| 80 | 3.1496 | 3.1890 | 3.2283 | 3.2677 | 3.3071 | 3.3465 | 3.3858 | 3.4252 | 3.4646 | 3.5039 |
| 90 | 3.5433 | 3.5827 | 3.6220 | 3.6614 | 3.7008 | 3.7402 | 3.7795 | 3.8189 | 3.8583 | 3.8976 |
Proportionate Parts
| mm | mm | mm | mm | mm | mm | mm | mm |
| 100 | 200 | 300 | 400 | 500 | 600 | 700 | 800 |
| in | in | in | in | in | in | in | in |
| 3.937 | 7.874 | 11.811 | 15.748 | 19.685 | 23.622 | 27.559 | 31.496 |
| mm | mm | mm | mm | mm | mm | mm | mm | mm | mm |
| 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 1.0 |
| in | in | in | in | in | in | in | in | in | in |
| 0.0039 | 0.0079 | 0.0118 | 0.0157 | 0.0197 | 0.0236 | 0.0276 | 0.0315 | 0.0354 | 0.0394 |
| mm | mm | mm | mm | mm | mm | mm | mm | mm | mm |
| 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.1 |
| in | in | in | in | in | in | in | in | in | in |
| 0.0004 | 0.0008 | 0.0012 | 0.0016 | 0.0020 | 0.0024 | 0.0028 | 0.0031 | 0.0035 | 0.0039 |
Table 12—Barometer Inches to Kilobars :
| 31.00 | 1049.8 | 30.80 | 1043.1 | 30.60 | 1036.3 | 30.40 | 1029.5 | 30.20 | 1022.8 | 30.00 | 1016.0 | 29.80 | 1009.2 |
| 30.99 | 1049.5 | 30.79 | 1042.7 | 30.59 | 1036.0 | 30.39 | 1029.2 | 30.19 | 1022.4 | 29.99 | 1015.6 | 29.79 | 1008.9 |
| 30.98 | 1049.2 | 30.78 | 1042.4 | 30.58 | 1035.6 | 30.38 | 1028.8 | 30.18 | 1022.1 | 29.98 | 1015.3 | 29.78 | 1008.5 |
| 30.97 | 1048.8 | 30.77 | 1042.1 | 30.57 | 1035.3 | 30.37 | 1028.5 | 30.17 | 1021.7 | 29.97 | 1015.0 | 29.77 | 1008.2 |
| 30.96 | 1048.5 | 30.76 | 1041.7 | 30.56 | 1034.9 | 30.36 | 1028.2 | 30.16 | 1021.4 | 29.96 | 1014.6 | 29.76 | 1007.9 |
| 30.95 | 1048.2 | 30.75 | 1041.4 | 30.55 | 1034.6 | 30.35 | 1027.8 | 30.15 | 1021.1 | 29.95 | 1014.3 | 29.75 | 1007.5 |
| 30.94 | 1047.8 | 30.74 | 1041.0 | 30.54 | 1034.3 | 30.34 | 1027.5 | 30.14 | 1020.7 | 29.94 | 1013.9 | 29.74 | 1007.2 |
| 30.93 | 1047.5 | 30.73 | 1040.7 | 30.53 | 1033.9 | 30.33 | 1027.2 | 30.13 | 1020.4 | 29.93 | 1013.6 | 29.73 | 1006.8 |
| 30.92 | 1047.1 | 30.72 | 1040.4 | 30.52 | 1033.6 | 30.32 | 1026.8 | 30.12 | 1020.0 | 29.92 | 1013.3 | 29.72 | 1006.5 |
| 30.91 | 1046.8 | 30.71 | 1040.0 | 30.51 | 1033.3 | 30.31 | 1026.5 | 30.11 | 1019.7 | 29.91 | 1012.9 | 29.71 | 1006.2 |
| 30.90 | 1046.5 | 30.70 | 1039.7 | 30.50 | 1032.9 | 30.30 | 1026.1 | 30.10 | 1019.4 | 29.90 | 1012.6 | 29.70 | 1005.8 |
| 30.89 | 1046.1 | 30.69 | 1039.3 | 30.49 | 1032.6 | 30.29 | 1025.8 | 30.09 | 1019.0 | 29.89 | 1012.3 | 29.69 | 1005.5 |
| 30.88 | 1045.8 | 30.68 | 1039.0 | 30.48 | 1032.2 | 30.28 | 1025.5 | 30.08 | 1018.7 | 29.88 | 1011.9 | 29.68 | 1005.1 |
| 30.87 | 1045.4 | 30.67 | 1038.7 | 30.47 | 1031.9 | 30.27 | 1025.1 | 30.07 | 1018.4 | 29.87 | 1011.6 | 29.67 | 1004.8 |
| 30.86 | 1045.1 | 30.66 | 1038.3 | 30.46 | 1031.6 | 30.26 | 1024.8 | 30.06 | 1018.0 | 29.86 | 1011.2 | 29.66 | 1004.5 |
| 30.85 | 1044.8 | 30.65 | 1038.0 | 30.45 | 1031.2 | 30.25 | 1024.4 | 30.05 | 1017.7 | 29.85 | 1010.9 | 29.65 | 1004.1 |
| 30.84 | 1044.4 | 30.64 | 1037.7 | 30.44 | 1030.9 | 30.24 | 1024.1 | 30.04 | 1017.3 | 29.84 | 1010.6 | 29.64 | 1003.8 |
| 30.83 | 1044.1 | 30.63 | 1037.3 | 30.43 | 1030.5 | 30.23 | 1023.8 | 30.03 | 1017.0 | 29.83 | 1010.2 | 29.63 | 1003.4 |
| 30.82 | 1043.8 | 30.62 | 1037.0 | 30.42 | 1030.2 | 30.22 | 1023.4 | 30.02 | 1016.7 | 29.82 | 1009.9 | 29.62 | 1003.1 |
| 30.81 | 1043.4 | 30.61 | 1036.6 | 30.41 | 1029.9 | 30.21 | 1023.1 | 30.01 | 1016.3 | 29.81 | 1009.5 | 29.61 | 1002.8 |
Table 12—Barometer Inches to Kilobars—Continued :
| 29.59 | 1002.1 | 29.39 | 995.3 | 29.19 | 988.5 | 28.99 | 981.8 | 28.79 | 975.0 | 28.59 | 968.2 |
| 29.58 | 1001.8 | 29.38 | 995.0 | 29.18 | 988.2 | 28.98 | 981.4 | 28.78 | 974.7 | 28.58 | 967.9 |
| 29.57 | 1001.4 | 29.37 | 994.6 | 29.17 | 987.9 | 28.97 | 981.1 | 28.77 | 974.3 | 28.57 | 967.6 |
| 29.56 | 1001.1 | 29.36 | 994.3 | 29.16 | 987.5 | 28.96 | 980.8 | 28.76 | 974.0 | 28.56 | 967.2 |
| 29.55 | 1000.7 | 29.35 | 994.0 | 29.15 | 987.2 | 28.95 | 980.4 | 28.75 | 973.6 | 28.55 | 966.9 |
| 29.54 | 1000.4 | 29.34 | 993.6 | 29.14 | 986.9 | 28.94 | 980.1 | 28.74 | 973.3 | 28.54 | 966.5 |
| 29.53 | 1000.1 | 29.33 | 993.3 | 29.13 | 986.5 | 28.93 | 979.7 | 28.73 | 973.0 | 28.53 | 966.2 |
| 29.52 | 999.7 | 29.32 | 993.0 | 29.12 | 986.2 | 28.92 | 979.4 | 28.72 | 972.6 | 28.52 | 965.9 |
| 29.51 | 999.4 | 29.31 | 992.6 | 29.11 | 985.8 | 28.91 | 979.1 | 28.71 | 972.3 | 28.51 | 965.5 |
| 29.50 | 999.0 | 29.30 | 992.3 | 29.10 | 985.5 | 28.90 | 978.7 | 28.70 | 972.0 | 28.50 | 965.2 |
| 29.49 | 998.7 | 29.29 | 991.9 | 29.09 | 985.2 | 28.89 | 978.4 | 28.69 | 971.6 | 28.49 | 964.8 |
| 29.48 | 998.4 | 29.28 | 991.6 | 29.08 | 984.8 | 28.88 | 978.1 | 28.68 | 971.3 | 28.48 | 964.5 |
| 29.47 | 998.0 | 29.27 | 991.3 | 29.07 | 984.5 | 28.87 | 977.7 | 28.67 | 970.9 | 28.47 | 964.2 |
| 29.46 | 997.7 | 29.26 | 990.9 | 29.06 | 984.1 | 28.86 | 977.4 | 28.66 | 970.6 | 28.46 | 963.8 |
| 29.45 | 997.4 | 29.25 | 990.6 | 29.05 | 983.8 | 28.85 | 977.0 | 28.65 | 970.3 | 28.45 | 963.5 |
| 29.44 | 997.0 | 29.24 | 990.2 | 29.04 | 983.5 | 28.84 | 976.7 | 28.64 | 969.9 | 28.44 | 963.1 |
| 29.43 | 996.7 | 29.23 | 989.9 | 29.03 | 983.1 | 28.83 | 976.4 | 28.63 | 969.6 | 28.43 | 962.8 |
| 29.42 | 996.3 | 29.22 | 989.6 | 29.02 | 982.8 | 28.82 | 976.0 | 28.62 | 969.2 | 28.42 | 962.5 |
| 29.41 | 996.0 | 29.21 | 989.2 | 29.01 | 982.5 | 28.81 | 975.7 | 28.61 | 968.9 | 28.41 | 962.1 |
| 29.40 | 995.7 | 29.20 | 988.9 | 29.00 | 982.1 | 28.80 | 975.3 | 28.60 | 968.6 | 28.40 | 961.8 |
Table 12—Barometer Inches to Kilobars—Continued :
| 28.39 | 961.5 | 28.19 | 954.7 | 27.99 | 947.9 | 27.79 | 941.1 | 27.59 | 934.4 | 27.39 | 927.6 |
| 28.38 | 961.1 | 28.18 | 954.3 | 27.98 | 947.6 | 27.78 | 940.8 | 27.58 | 934.0 | 27.38 | 927.3 |
| 28.37 | 960.8 | 28.17 | 954.0 | 27.97 | 947.2 | 27.77 | 940.5 | 27.57 | 933.7 | 27.37 | 926.9 |
| 28.36 | 960.4 | 28.16 | 953.7 | 27.96 | 946.9 | 27.76 | 940.1 | 27.56 | 933.3 | 27.36 | 926.6 |
| 28.35 | 960.1 | 28.15 | 953.3 | 27.95 | 946.6 | 27.75 | 939.8 | 27.55 | 933.0 | 27.35 | 926.2 |
| 28.34 | 959.8 | 28.14 | 953.0 | 27.94 | 946.2 | 27.74 | 939.4 | 27.54 | 932.7 | 27.34 | 925.9 |
| 28.33 | 959.4 | 28.13 | 952.7 | 27.93 | 945.9 | 27.73 | 939.1 | 27.53 | 932.3 | 27.33 | 925.6 |
| 28.32 | 959.1 | 28.12 | 952.3 | 27.92 | 945.5 | 27.72 | 938.8 | 27.52 | 932.0 | 27.32 | 925.2 |
| 28.31 | 958.7 | 28.11 | 952.0 | 27.91 | 945.2 | 27.71 | 938.4 | 27.51 | 931.7 | 27.31 | 924.9 |
| 28.30 | 958.4 | 28.10 | 951.6 | 27.90 | 944.9 | 27.70 | 938.1 | 27.50 | 931.3 | 27.30 | 924.5 |
| 28.29 | 958.1 | 28.09 | 951.3 | 27.89 | 944.5 | 27.69 | 937.7 | 27.49 | 931.0 | 27.29 | 924.2 |
| 28.28 | 957.7 | 28.08 | 951.0 | 27.88 | 944.2 | 27.68 | 937.4 | 27.48 | 930.6 | 27.28 | 923.9 |
| 28.27 | 957.4 | 28.07 | 950.6 | 27.87 | 943.8 | 27.67 | 937.1 | 27.47 | 930.3 | 27.27 | 923.5 |
| 28.26 | 957.1 | 28.06 | 950.3 | 27.86 | 943.5 | 27.66 | 936.7 | 27.46 | 930.0 | 27.26 | 923.2 |
| 28.25 | 956.7 | 28.05 | 949.9 | 27.85 | 943.2 | 27.65 | 936.4 | 27.45 | 929.6 | 27.25 | 922.8 |
| 28.24 | 956.4 | 28.04 | 949.6 | 27.84 | 942.8 | 27.64 | 936.1 | 27.44 | 929.3 | 27.24 | 922.5 |
| 28.23 | 956.0 | 28.03 | 949.3 | 27.83 | 942.5 | 27.63 | 935.7 | 27.43 | 928.9 | 27.23 | 922.2 |
| 28.22 | 955.7 | 28.02 | 948.9 | 27.82 | 942.2 | 27.62 | 935.4 | 27.42 | 928.6 | 27.22 | 921.8 |
| 28.21 | 955.4 | 28.01 | 948.6 | 27.81 | 941.8 | 27.61 | 935.0 | 27.41 | 928.3 | 27.21 | 921.5 |
| 28.20 | 955.0 | 28.00 | 948.2 | 27.80 | 941.5 | 27.60 | 934.7 | 27.40 | 927.9 | 27.20 | 921.2 |
Table 12—Barometer Inches to Kilobars—Continued :
| 27.19 | 920.8 | 26.99 | 914.0 | 26.79 | 907.3 | 26.59 | 900.5 | 26.39 | 893.7 | 26.19 | 887.0 |
| 27.18 | 920.5 | 26.98 | 913.7 | 26.78 | 906.9 | 26.58 | 900.2 | 26.38 | 893.4 | 26.18 | 886.6 |
| 27.17 | 920.1 | 26.97 | 913.4 | 26.77 | 906.6 | 26.57 | 899.8 | 26.37 | 893.0 | 26.17 | 886.3 |
| 27.16 | 919.8 | 26.96 | 913.0 | 26.76 | 906.3 | 26.56 | 899.5 | 26.36 | 892.7 | 26.16 | 885.9 |
| 27.15 | 919.5 | 26.95 | 912.7 | 26.75 | 905.9 | 26.55 | 899.1 | 26.35 | 892.4 | 26.15 | 885.6 |
| 27.14 | 919.1 | 26.94 | 912.4 | 26.74 | 905.6 | 26.54 | 898.8 | 26.34 | 892.0 | 26.14 | 885.3 |
| 27.13 | 918.8 | 26.93 | 912.0 | 26.73 | 905.2 | 26.53 | 898.5 | 26.33 | 891.7 | 26.13 | 884.9 |
| 27.12 | 918.4 | 26.92 | 911.7 | 26.72 | 904.9 | 26.52 | 898.1 | 26.32 | 891.4 | 26.12 | 884.6 |
| 27.11 | 918.1 | 26.91 | 911.3 | 26.71 | 904.6 | 26.51 | 897.8 | 26.31 | 891.0 | 26.11 | 884.2 |
| 27.10 | 917.8 | 26.90 | 911.0 | 26.70 | 904.2 | 26.50 | 897.4 | 26.30 | 890.7 | 26.10 | 883.9 |
| 27.09 | 917.4 | 26.89 | 910.7 | 26.69 | 903.9 | 26.49 | 897.1 | 26.29 | 890.3 | 26.09 | 883.6 |
| 27.08 | 917.1 | 26.88 | 910.3 | 26.68 | 903.5 | 26.48 | 896.8 | 26.28 | 890.0 | 26.08 | 883.2 |
| 27.07 | 916.8 | 26.87 | 910.0 | 26.67 | 903.2 | 26.47 | 896.4 | 26.27 | 889.7 | 26.07 | 882.9 |
| 27.06 | 916.4 | 26.86 | 909.6 | 26.66 | 902.9 | 26.46 | 896.1 | 26.26 | 889.3 | 26.06 | 882.5 |
| 27.05 | 916.1 | 26.85 | 909.3 | 26.65 | 902.5 | 26.45 | 895.8 | 26.25 | 889.0 | 26.05 | 882.2 |
| 27.04 | 915.7 | 26.84 | 909.0 | 26.64 | 902.2 | 26.44 | 895.4 | 26.24 | 888.6 | 26.04 | 881.9 |
| 27.03 | 915.4 | 26.83 | 908.6 | 26.63 | 901.9 | 26.43 | 895.1 | 26.23 | 888.3 | 26.03 | 881.5 |
| 27.02 | 915.1 | 26.82 | 908.3 | 26.62 | 901.5 | 26.42 | 894.7 | 26.22 | 888.0 | 26.02 | 881.2 |
| 27.01 | 914.7 | 26.81 | 907.9 | 26.61 | 901.2 | 26.41 | 894.4 | 26.21 | 887.6 | 26.01 | 880.9 |
| 27.00 | 914.4 | 26.80 | 907.6 | 26.60 | 900.8 | 26.40 | 894.1 | 26.20 | 887.3 | 26.00 | 880.5 |
For the extension of this table multiply the number of inches and hundreths by 33.866, the value of 1 inch in kilobars 1 millimeter = 1.3332 kilobars. 1000 kilobars = 29.5306 barometer inches, or 750.076 millimeters.
Table 13—Miles per Hour to Feet per Second :
| Miles per hour | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
| | meters per sec | meters per sec | meters per sec | meters per sec | meters per sec | meters per sec | meters per sec | meters per sec | meters per sec | meters per sec |
| 0 | 0.00 | 0.45 | 0.89 | 1.34 | 1.79 | 2.24 | 2.68 | 3.13 | 3.58 | 4.02 |
| 10 | 4.47 | 4.92 | 5.36 | 5.81 | 6.26 | 6.71 | 7.15 | 7.60 | 8.05 | 8.49 |
| 20 | 8.94 | 9.39 | 9.83 | 10.28 | 10.73 | 11.18 | 11.62 | 12.07 | 12.52 | 12.96 |
| 30 | 13.41 | 13.86 | 14.31 | 14.75 | 15.20 | 15.65 | 16.09 | 16.54 | 16.99 | 17.43 |
| 40 | 17.88 | 18.33 | 18.78 | 19.22 | 19.67 | 20.12 | 20.56 | 21.01 | 21.46 | 21.91 |
| 50 | 22.35 | 22.80 | 23.25 | 23.69 | 24.14 | 24.59 | 25.03 | 25.48 | 25.93 | 26.38 |
| 60 | 26.82 | 27.27 | 27.72 | 28.16 | 28.61 | 29.06 | 29.50 | 29.95 | 30.40 | 30.85 |
| 70 | 31.29 | 31.74 | 32.19 | 32.63 | 33.08 | 33.53 | 33.98 | 34.42 | 34.87 | 35.32 |
| 80 | 35.76 | 36.21 | 36.66 | 37.10 | 37.55 | 38.00 | 38.45 | 38.89 | 39.34 | 39.79 |
| 90 | 40.23 | 40.68 | 41.13 | 41.57 | 42.02 | 42.47 | 42.92 | 43.36 | 43.81 | 44.26 |
| 100 | 44.70 | 45.15 | 45.60 | 46.05 | 46.49 | 46.94 | 47.39 | 47.83 | 48.28 | 48.73 |
| 110 | 49.17 | 49.62 | 50.07 | 50.52 | 50.96 | 51.41 | 51.86 | 52.30 | 52.75 | 53.20 |
| 120 | 53.64 | 54.09 | 54.54 | 54.99 | 55.43 | 55.88 | 56.33 | 56.77 | 57.22 | 57.67 |
| 130 | 58.12 | 58.56 | 59.01 | 59.46 | 59.90 | 60.35 | 60.80 | 61.24 | 61.69 | 62.14 |
| 140 | 62.59 | 63.03 | 63.48 | 63.93 | 64.37 | 64.82 | 65.27 | 65.72 | 66.16 | 66.61 |
| 150 | 67.06 | 67.50 | 67.95 | 68.40 | 68.84 | 69.29 | 69.74 | 70.19 | 70.63 | 71.08 |
1 mile per hour = 0.4470409 meters per second; 1 meter per second = 3.6 kilometers per hour; 1 kilometer per hour = ${\frac {10}{36}}$ meters per second.
1 mile per hour = ${\frac {44}{30}}$ foot per second; 1 foot per second = ${\frac {30}{44}}$ mile per hour.
Table 14—Meters per Second to Miles per Hour :
| Meters per sec | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.9 |
| | miles per hour | miles per hour | miles per hour | miles per hour | miles per hour | miles per hour | miles per hour | miles per hour | miles per hour | miles per hour |
| 0 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 2.0 |
| 1 | 2.2 | 2.5 | 2.7 | 2.9 | 3.1 | 3.4 | 3.6 | 3.8 | 4.0 | 4.3 |
| 2 | 4.5 | 4.7 | 4.9 | 5.1 | 5.4 | 5.6 | 5.8 | 6.0 | 6.3 | 6.5 |
| 3 | 6.7 | 6.9 | 7.2 | 7.4 | 7.6 | 7.8 | 8.1 | 8.3 | 8.5 | 8.7 |
| 4 | 8.9 | 9.2 | 9.4 | 9.6 | 9.8 | 10.1 | 10.3 | 10.5 | 10.7 | 11.0 |
| 5 | 11.2 | 11.4 | 11.6 | 11.9 | 12.1 | 12.3 | 12.5 | 12.8 | 13.0 | 13.2 |
| 6 | 13.4 | 13.6 | 13.9 | 14.1 | 14.3 | 14.5 | 14.8 | 15.0 | 15.2 | 15.4 |
| 7 | 15.7 | 15.9 | 16.1 | 16.3 | 16.6 | 16.8 | 17.0 | 17.2 | 17.4 | 17.7 |
| 8 | 17.9 | 18.1 | 18.3 | 18.6 | 18.8 | 19.0 | 19.2 | 19.5 | 19.7 | 19.9 |
| 9 | 20.1 | 20.4 | 20.6 | 20.8 | 21.0 | 21.3 | 21.5 | 21.7 | 21.9 | 22.1 |
| 10 | 22.4 | 22.6 | 22.8 | 23.0 | 23.3 | 23.5 | 23.7 | 23.9 | 24.2 | 24.4 |
| 20 | 44.7 | 45.0 | 45.2 | 45.4 | 45.6 | 45.9 | 46.1 | 46.3 | 46.5 | 46.8 |
| 30 | 67.1 | 67.3 | 67.6 | 67.8 | 68.0 | 68.2 | 68.5 | 68.7 | 68.9 | 69.1 |
| 40 | 89.5 | 89.7 | 89.9 | 90.1 | 90.4 | 90.6 | 90.8 | 91.0 | 91.3 | 91.5 |
| 50 | 111.8 | 112.1 | 112.3 | 112.5 | 112.7 | 113.0 | 113.2 | 113.4 | 113.6 | 113.9 |
| 60 | 134.2 | 134.4 | 134.7 | 134.9 | 135.1 | 135.3 | 135.6 | 135.8 | 136.0 | 136.2 |
1 meter per second = 2.236932 miles per hour.
Table 15—Comparison of Approximate Absolute, Centigrade, and Fahrenheit Thermometer Scales :
| Abs° | C° | F° | Abs° | C° | F° | Abs° | C° | F° | Abs° | C° | F° | Abs° | C° | F° |
| 374 | 100 | 212.0 | 349 | 75 | 167.0 | 324 | 50 | 122.0 | 299 | 25 | 77.0 | 274 | ±0 | 32.0 |
| 373 | 99 | 210.2 | 348 | 74 | 165.2 | 323 | 49 | 120.2 | 298 | 24 | 75.2 | 273 | -1 | 30.2 |
| 372 | 98 | 208.4 | 347 | 73 | 163.4 | 322 | 48 | 118.4 | 297 | 23 | 73.4 | 272 | -2 | 28.4 |
| 371 | 97 | 206.6 | 346 | 72 | 161.6 | 321 | 47 | 116.6 | 296 | 22 | 71.6 | 271 | -3 | 26.6 |
| 370 | 96 | 204.8 | 345 | 71 | 159.8 | 320 | 46 | 114.8 | 295 | 21 | 69.8 | 270 | -4 | 24.8 |
| 369 | 95 | 203.0 | 344 | 70 | 158.0 | 319 | 45 | 113.0 | 294 | 20 | 68.0 | 269 | -5 | 23.0 |
| 368 | 94 | 201.2 | 343 | 69 | 156.2 | 318 | 44 | 111.2 | 293 | 19 | 66.2 | 268 | -6 | 21.2 |
| 367 | 93 | 199.4 | 342 | 68 | 154.4 | 317 | 43 | 109.4 | 292 | 18 | 64.4 | 267 | -7 | 19.4 |
| 366 | 92 | 197.6 | 341 | 67 | 152.6 | 316 | 42 | 107.6 | 291 | 17 | 62.6 | 266 | -8 | 17.6 |
| 365 | 91 | 195.8 | 340 | 66 | 150.8 | 315 | 41 | 105.8 | 290 | 16 | 60.8 | 265 | -9 | 15.8 |
| 364 | 90 | 194.0 | 339 | 65 | 149.0 | 314 | 40 | 104.0 | 289 | 15 | 59.0 | 264 | -10 | 14.0 |
| 363 | 89 | 192.2 | 338 | 64 | 147.2 | 313 | 39 | 102.2 | 288 | 14 | 57.2 | 263 | -11 | 12.2 |
| 362 | 88 | 190.4 | 337 | 63 | 145.4 | 312 | 38 | 100.4 | 287 | 13 | 55.4 | 262 | -12 | 10.4 |
| 361 | 87 | 188.6 | 336 | 62 | 143.6 | 311 | 37 | 98.6 | 286 | 12 | 53.6 | 261 | -13 | 8.6 |
| 360 | 86 | 186.8 | 335 | 61 | 141.8 | 310 | 36 | 96.8 | 285 | 11 | 51.8 | 260 | -14 | 6.8 |
| 359 | 85 | 185.0 | 334 | 60 | 140.0 | 309 | 35 | 95.0 | 284 | 10 | 50.0 | 259 | -15 | 5.0 |
| 358 | 84 | 183.2 | 333 | 59 | 138.2 | 308 | 34 | 93.2 | 283 | 9 | 48.2 | 258 | -16 | 3.2 |
| 357 | 83 | 181.4 | 332 | 58 | 136.4 | 307 | 33 | 91.4 | 282 | 8 | 46.4 | 257 | -17 | 1.4 |
| 356 | 82 | 179.6 | 331 | 57 | 134.6 | 306 | 32 | 89.6 | 281 | 7 | 44.6 | 256 | -18 | -0.4 |
| 355 | 81 | 177.8 | 330 | 56 | 132.8 | 305 | 31 | 87.8 | 280 | 6 | 42.8 | 255 | -19 | -2.2 |
| 354 | 80 | 176.0 | 329 | 55 | 131.0 | 304 | 30 | 86.0 | 279 | 5 | 41.0 | 254 | -20 | -4.0 |
| 353 | 79 | 174.2 | 328 | 54 | 129.2 | 303 | 29 | 84.2 | 278 | 4 | 39.2 | 253 | -21 | -5.8 |
| 352 | 78 | 172.4 | 327 | 53 | 127.4 | 302 | 28 | 82.4 | 277 | 3 | 37.4 | 252 | -22 | -7.6 |
| 351 | 77 | 170.6 | 326 | 52 | 125.6 | 301 | 27 | 80.6 | 276 | 2 | 35.6 | 251 | -23 | -9.4 |
| 350 | 76 | 168.8 | 325 | 51 | 123.8 | 300 | 26 | 78.8 | 275 | +1 | 33.8 | 250 | -24 | -11.2 |
Table 15—Comparison of Approximate Absolute, Centigrade, and Fahrenheit Thermometer Scales—Continued :
| Abs° | C° | F° | Abs° | C° | F° | Abs° | C° | F° | Abs° | C° | F° | Abs° | C° | F° |
| 248 | -26 | -14.8 | 223 | -51 | -59.8 | 198 | -76 | -104.8 | 173 | -101 | -149.8 | 148 | -126 | -194.8 |
| 247 | -27 | -16.6 | 222 | -52 | -61.6 | 197 | -77 | -106.6 | 172 | -102 | -151.6 | 147 | -127 | -196.6 |
| 246 | -28 | -18.4 | 221 | -53 | -63.4 | 196 | -78 | -108.4 | 171 | -103 | -153.4 | 146 | -128 | -198.4 |
| 245 | -29 | -20.2 | 220 | -54 | -65.2 | 195 | -79 | -110.2 | 170 | -104 | -155.2 | 145 | -129 | -200.2 |
| 244 | -30 | -22.0 | 219 | -55 | -67.0 | 194 | -80 | -112.0 | 169 | -105 | -157.0 | 144 | -130 | -202.0 |
| 243 | -31 | -23.8 | 218 | -56 | -68.8 | 193 | -81 | -113.8 | 168 | -106 | -158.8 | 143 | -131 | -203.8 |
| 242 | -32 | -25.6 | 217 | -57 | -70.6 | 192 | -82 | -115.6 | 167 | -107 | -160.6 | 142 | -132 | -205.6 |
| 241 | -33 | -27.4 | 216 | -58 | -72.4 | 191 | -83 | -117.4 | 166 | -108 | -162.4 | 141 | -133 | -207.4 |
| 240 | -34 | -29.2 | 215 | -59 | -74.2 | 190 | -84 | -119.2 | 165 | -109 | -164.2 | 140 | -134 | -209.2 |
| 239 | -35 | -31.0 | 214 | -60 | -76.0 | 189 | -85 | -121.0 | 164 | -110 | -166.0 | 139 | -135 | -211.0 |
| 238 | -36 | -32.8 | 213 | -61 | -77.8 | 188 | -86 | -122.8 | 163 | -111 | -167.8 | 138 | -136 | -212.8 |
| 237 | -37 | -34.6 | 212 | -62 | -79.6 | 187 | -87 | -124.6 | 162 | -112 | -169.6 | 137 | -137 | -214.6 |
| 236 | -38 | -36.4 | 211 | -63 | -81.4 | 186 | -88 | -126.4 | 161 | -113 | -171.4 | 136 | -138 | -216.4 |
| 235 | -39 | -38.2 | 210 | -64 | -83.2 | 185 | -89 | -128.2 | 160 | -114 | -173.2 | 135 | -139 | -218.2 |
| 234 | -40 | -40.0 | 209 | -65 | -85.0 | 184 | -90 | -130.0 | 159 | -115 | -175.0 | 134 | -140 | -220.0 |
| 233 | -41 | -41.8 | 208 | -66 | -86.8 | 183 | -91 | -131.8 | 158 | -116 | -176.8 | 133 | -141 | -221.8 |
| 232 | -42 | -43.6 | 207 | -67 | -88.6 | 182 | -92 | -133.6 | 157 | -117 | -178.6 | 132 | -142 | -223.6 |
| 231 | -43 | -45.4 | 206 | -68 | -90.4 | 181 | -93 | -135.4 | 156 | -118 | -180.4 | 131 | -143 | -225.4 |
| 230 | -44 | -47.2 | 205 | -69 | -92.2 | 180 | -94 | -137.2 | 155 | -119 | -182.2 | 130 | -144 | -227.2 |
| 229 | -45 | -49.0 | 204 | -70 | -94.0 | 179 | -95 | -139.0 | 154 | -120 | -184.0 | 129 | -145 | -229.0 |
| 228 | -46 | -50.8 | 203 | -71 | -95.8 | 178 | -96 | -140.8 | 153 | -121 | -185.8 | 128 | -146 | -230.8 |
| 227 | -47 | -52.6 | 202 | -72 | -97.6 | 177 | -97 | -142.6 | 152 | -122 | -187.6 | 127 | -147 | -232.6 |
| 226 | -48 | -54.4 | 201 | -73 | -99.4 | 176 | -98 | -144.4 | 151 | -123 | -189.4 | 126 | -148 | -234.4 |
| 225 | -49 | -56.2 | 200 | -74 | -101.2 | 175 | -99 | -146.2 | 150 | -124 | -191.2 | 125 | -149 | -236.2 |
Table 15—Comparison of Approximate Absolute, Centigrade, and Fahrenheit Thermometer Scales—Continued :
| Abs° | C° | F° | Abs° | C° | F° | Abs° | C° | F° | Abs° | C° | F° | Abs° | C° | F° |
| 123 | -151 | -239.8 | 98 | -176 | -284.8 | 73 | -201 | -329.8 | 48 | -226 | -374.8 | 23 | -251 | -419.8 |
| 122 | -152 | -241.6 | 97 | -177 | -286.6 | 72 | -202 | -331.6 | 47 | -227 | -376.6 | 22 | -252 | -421.6 |
| 121 | -153 | -243.4 | 96 | -178 | -288.4 | 71 | -203 | -333.4 | 46 | -228 | -378.4 | 21 | -253 | -423.4 |
| 120 | -154 | -245.2 | 95 | -179 | -290.2 | 70 | -204 | -335.2 | 45 | -229 | -380.2 | 20 | -254 | -425.2 |
| 119 | -155 | -247.0 | 94 | -180 | -292.0 | 69 | -205 | -337.0 | 44 | -230 | -382.0 | 19 | -255 | -427.0 |
| 118 | -156 | -248.8 | 93 | -181 | -293.8 | 68 | -206 | -338.8 | 43 | -231 | -383.8 | 18 | -256 | -428.8 |
| 117 | -157 | -250.6 | 92 | -182 | -295.6 | 67 | -207 | -340.6 | 42 | -232 | -385.6 | 17 | -257 | -430.6 |
| 116 | -158 | -252.4 | 91 | -183 | -297.4 | 66 | -208 | -342.4 | 41 | -233 | -387.4 | 16 | -258 | -432.4 |
| 115 | -159 | -254.2 | 90 | -184 | -299.2 | 65 | -209 | -344.2 | 40 | -234 | -389.2 | 15 | -259 | -434.2 |
| 114 | -160 | -256.0 | 89 | -185 | -301.0 | 64 | -210 | -346.0 | 39 | -235 | -391.0 | 14 | -260 | -436.0 |
| 113 | -161 | -257.8 | 88 | -186 | -302.8 | 63 | -211 | -347.8 | 38 | -236 | -392.8 | 13 | -261 | -437.8 |
| 112 | -162 | -259.6 | 87 | -187 | -304.6 | 62 | -212 | -349.6 | 37 | -237 | -394.6 | 12 | -262 | -439.6 |
| 111 | -163 | -261.4 | 86 | -188 | -306.4 | 61 | -213 | -351.4 | 36 | -238 | -396.4 | 11 | -263 | -441.4 |
| 110 | -164 | -263.2 | 85 | -189 | -308.2 | 60 | -214 | -353.2 | 35 | -239 | -398.2 | 10 | -264 | -443.2 |
| 109 | -165 | -265.0 | 84 | -190 | -310.0 | 59 | -215 | -355.0 | 34 | -240 | -400.0 | 9 | -265 | -445.0 |
| 108 | -166 | -266.8 | 83 | -191 | -311.8 | 58 | -216 | -356.8 | 33 | -241 | -401.8 | 8 | -266 | -446.8 |
| 107 | -167 | -268.6 | 82 | -192 | -313.6 | 57 | -217 | -358.6 | 32 | -242 | -403.6 | 7 | -267 | -448.6 |
| 106 | -168 | -270.4 | 81 | -193 | -315.4 | 56 | -218 | -360.4 | 31 | -243 | -405.4 | 6 | -268 | -450.4 |
| 105 | -169 | -272.2 | 80 | -194 | -317.2 | 55 | -219 | -362.2 | 30 | -244 | -407.2 | 5 | -269 | -452.2 |
| 104 | -170 | -274.0 | 79 | -195 | -319.0 | 54 | -220 | -364.0 | 29 | -245 | -409.0 | 4 | -270 | -454.0 |
| 103 | -171 | -275.8 | 78 | -196 | -320.8 | 53 | -221 | -365.8 | 28 | -246 | -410.8 | 3 | -271 | -455.8 |
| 102 | -172 | -277.6 | 77 | -197 | -322.6 | 52 | -222 | -367.6 | 27 | -247 | -412.6 | 2 | -272 | -457.6 |
| 101 | -173 | -279.4 | 76 | -198 | -324.4 | 51 | -223 | -369.4 | 26 | -248 | -414.4 | 1 | -273 | |
Table 16—Fahrenheit Degrees to Centigrade Degrees :
| F° | C° | F° | C° | F° | C° | F° | C° | F° | C° |
| -40 | -40.0 | 12 | -11.1 | 64 | 17.8 | 116 | 46.7 | 168 | 75.6 |
| -39 | -39.4 | 13 | -10.6 | 65 | 18.3 | 117 | 47.2 | 169 | 76.1 |
| -38 | -38.9 | 14 | -10.0 | 66 | 18.9 | 118 | 47.8 | 170 | 76.7 |
| -37 | -38.3 | 15 | -9.4 | 67 | 19.4 | 119 | 48.3 | 171 | 77.2 |
| -36 | -37.8 | 16 | -8.9 | 68 | 20.0 | 120 | 48.9 | 172 | 77.8 |
| -35 | -37.2 | 17 | -8.3 | 69 | 20.6 | 121 | 49.4 | 173 | 78.3 |
| -34 | -36.7 | 18 | -7.8 | 70 | 21.1 | 122 | 50.0 | 174 | 78.9 |
| -33 | -36.1 | 19 | -7.2 | 71 | 21.7 | 123 | 50.6 | 175 | 79.4 |
| -32 | -35.6 | 20 | -6.7 | 72 | 22.2 | 124 | 51.1 | 176 | 80.0 |
| -31 | -35.0 | 21 | -6.1 | 73 | 22.8 | 125 | 51.7 | 177 | 80.6 |
| -30 | -34.4 | 22 | -5.6 | 74 | 23.3 | 126 | 52.2 | 178 | 81.1 |
| -29 | -33.9 | 23 | -5.0 | 75 | 23.9 | 127 | 52.8 | 179 | 81.7 |
| -28 | -33.3 | 24 | -4.4 | 76 | 24.4 | 128 | 53.3 | 180 | 82.2 |
| -27 | -32.8 | 25 | -3.9 | 77 | 25.0 | 129 | 53.9 | 181 | 82.8 |
| -26 | -32.2 | 26 | -3.3 | 78 | 25.6 | 130 | 54.4 | 182 | 83.3 |
| -25 | -31.7 | 27 | -2.8 | 79 | 26.1 | 131 | 55.0 | 183 | 83.9 |
| -24 | -31.1 | 28 | -2.2 | 80 | 26.7 | 132 | 55.6 | 184 | 84.4 |
| -23 | -30.6 | 29 | -1.7 | 81 | 27.2 | 133 | 56.1 | 185 | 85.0 |
| -22 | -30.0 | 30 | -1.1 | 82 | 27.8 | 134 | 56.7 | 186 | 85.6 |
| -21 | -29.4 | 31 | -0.6 | 83 | 28.3 | 135 | 57.2 | 187 | 86.1 |
| -20 | -28.9 | 32 | 0.0 | 84 | 28.9 | 136 | 57.8 | 188 | 86.7 |
| -19 | -28.3 | 33 | 0.6 | 85 | 29.4 | 137 | 58.3 | 189 | 87.2 |
| -18 | -27.8 | 34 | 1.1 | 86 | 30.0 | 138 | 58.9 | 190 | 87.8 |
| -17 | -27.2 | 35 | 1.7 | 87 | 30.6 | 139 | 59.4 | 191 | 88.3 |
| -16 | -26.7 | 36 | 2.2 | 88 | 31.1 | 140 | 60.0 | 192 | 88.9 |
| -15 | -26.1 | 37 | 2.8 | 89 | 31.7 | 141 | 60.6 | 193 | 89.4 |
| -14 | -25.6 | 38 | 3.3 | 90 | 32.2 | 142 | 61.1 | 194 | 90.0 |
| -13 | -25.0 | 39 | 3.9 | 91 | 32.8 | 143 | 61.7 | 195 | 90.6 |
| -12 | -24.4 | 40 | 4.4 | 92 | 33.3 | 144 | 62.2 | 196 | 91.1 |
| -11 | -23.9 | 41 | 5.0 | 93 | 33.9 | 145 | 62.8 | 197 | 91.7 |
| -10 | -23.3 | 42 | 5.6 | 94 | 34.4 | 146 | 63.3 | 198 | 92.2 |
| -9 | -22.8 | 43 | 6.1 | 95 | 35.0 | 147 | 63.9 | 199 | 92.8 |
| -8 | -22.2 | 44 | 6.7 | 96 | 35.6 | 148 | 64.4 | 200 | 93.3 |
| -7 | -21.7 | 45 | 7.2 | 97 | 36.1 | 149 | 65.0 | 201 | 93.9 |
| -6 | -21.1 | 46 | 7.8 | 98 | 36.7 | 150 | 65.6 | 202 | 94.4 |
| -5 | -20.6 | 47 | 8.3 | 99 | 37.2 | 151 | 66.1 | 203 | 95.0 |
| -4 | -20.0 | 48 | 8.9 | 100 | 37.8 | 152 | 66.7 | 204 | 95.6 |
| -3 | -19.4 | 49 | 9.4 | 101 | 38.3 | 153 | 67.2 | 205 | 96.1 |
| -2 | -18.9 | 50 | 10.0 | 102 | 38.9 | 154 | 67.8 | 206 | 96.7 |
| -1 | -18.3 | 51 | 10.6 | 103 | 39.4 | 155 | 68.3 | 207 | 97.2 |
| 0 | -17.8 | 52 | 11.1 | 104 | 40.0 | 156 | 68.9 | 208 | 97.8 |
| 1 | -17.2 | 53 | 11.7 | 105 | 40.6 | 157 | 69.4 | 209 | 98.3 |
| 2 | -16.7 | 54 | 12.2 | 106 | 41.1 | 158 | 70.0 | 210 | 98.9 |
| 3 | -16.1 | 55 | 12.8 | 107 | 41.7 | 159 | 70.6 | 211 | 99.4 |
| 4 | -15.6 | 56 | 13.3 | 108 | 42.2 | 160 | 71.1 | 212 | 100.0 |
| 5 | -15.0 | 57 | 13.9 | 109 | 42.8 | 161 | 71.7 | | |
| 6 | -14.4 | 58 | 14.4 | 110 | 43.3 | 162 | 72.2 | | |
| 7 | -13.9 | 59 | 15.0 | 111 | 43.9 | 163 | 72.8 | | |
| 8 | -13.3 | 60 | 15.6 | 112 | 44.4 | 164 | 73.3 | | |
| 9 | -12.8 | 61 | 16.1 | 113 | 45.0 | 165 | 73.9 | | |
| 10 | -12.2 | 62 | 16.7 | 114 | 45.6 | 166 | 74.4 | | |
| 11 | -11.7 | 63 | 17.2 | 115 | 46.1 | 167 | 75.0 | | |
Table 17—Boiling Point of Water (F) as Affected by Pressure. :
| P inches | t° | P inches | t° | P inches | t° | P inches | t° |
| 16.79 | 184.0 | 19.96 | 192.0 | 23.59 | 200.0 | 27.73 | 208.0 |
| 16.97 | 184.5 | 20.1 | 192.5 | 23.84 | 200.5 | 28.00 | 208.5 |
| 17.16 | 185.0 | 20.39 | 193.0 | 24.08 | 201.0 | 28.69 | 209.0 |
| 17.35 | 185.5 | 20.61 | 193.5 | 24.33 | 201.5 | 28.56 | 209.5 |
| 17.54 | 186.0 | 20.82 | 194.0 | 24.58 | 202.0 | 28.85 | 210.0 |
| 17.74 | 186.5 | 21.05 | 194.5 | 24.83 | 202.5 | 29.15 | 210.5 |
| 17.93 | 187.0 | 20.26 | 195.0 | 25.0 | 203.0 | 29.42 | 211.0 |
| 18.12 | 187.5 | 20.49 | 195.5 | 25.33 | 203.5 | 29.71 | 211.5 |
| 18.32 | 188.0 | 21.71 | 196.0 | 25.59 | 204.0 | 30.00 | 212.0 |
| 18.52 | 188.5 | 21.95 | 196.5 | 25.86 | 204.5 | 30.30 | 212.5 |
| 18.72 | 189.0 | 22.17 | 197.0 | 26.11 | 205.0 | 30.59 | 213.0 |
| 18.92 | 189.5 | 22.41 | 197.5 | 26.38 | 205.5 | 30.89 | 213.5 |
| 19.13 | 190.0 | 22.64 | 198.0 | 26.64 | 206.0 | 31.10 | 214.0 |
| 19.33 | 190.5 | 22.89 | 198.5 | 26.91 | 206.5 | | |
| 19.54 | 191.0 | 23.11 | 199.0 | 27.18 | 207.0 | | |
| 19.74 | 191.5 | 23.36 | 199.5 | 27.45 | 207.5 | | |
Table 17—Boiling Point of Water (F) as Affected by Pressure. :
| P mm | t° | P mm | t° | P mm | t° | P mm | t° |
| 680 | 96.92 | 710 | 98.11 | 740 | 99.26 | 770 | 100.37 |
| 682 | 97.00 | 712 | 98.18 | 742 | 99.33 | 772 | 100.44 |
| 684 | 97.08 | 714 | 98.26 | 744 | 99.41 | 774 | 100.51 |
| 685 | 97.12 | 715 | 98.30 | 745 | 99.44 | 775 | 100.55 |
| 686 | 97.16 | 716 | 98.34 | 746 | 99.48 | 776 | 100.58 |
| 688 | 97.24 | 718 | 98.42 | 748 | 99.56 | 778 | 100.66 |
| 690 | 97.32 | 720 | 98.49 | 750 | 99.63 | 780 | 100.73 |
| 692 | 97.40 | 755 | 98.57 | 752 | 99.70 | 782 | 100.80 |
| 694 | 97.48 | 724 | 98.65 | 754 | 99.78 | 784 | 100.87 |
| 695 | 97.52 | 725 | 98.69 | 755 | 99.82 | 785 | 100.91 |
| 696 | 97.56 | 726 | 98.72 | 756 | 99.85 | 786 | 100.94 |
| 698 | 97.63 | 728 | 98.80 | 758 | 99.93 | 788 | 101.02 |
| 700 | 97.71 | 730 | 98.88 | 760 | 100.00 | 790 | 101.09 |
| 702 | 97.79 | 732 | 98.95 | 762 | 100.04 | 792 | 101.16 |
| 704 | 97.87 | 734 | 99.03 | 764 | 100.11 | 794 | 101.23 |
| 705 | 97.91 | 725 | 99.07 | 765 | 100.18 | 795 | 101.26 |
| 706 | 97.95 | 736 | 99.10 | 766 | 100.22 | 796 | 101.30 |
| 708 | 98.03 | 738 | 99.18 | 768 | 100.29 | 798 | 101.37 |
Table 19—Quantity of Rainfall in Cu Ft and U S Gallons per Acre :
| Inches of rainfall | Cu ft per acre | Gallons per acre | Inches of rainfall | Cu ft per acre | Gallons per acre |
| 0.01 | 36.3 | 271.5 | 0.10 | 363 | 2715.4 |
| 0.02 | 72.6 | 543.5 | 0.20 | 726 | 5430.5 |
| 0.03 | 108.9 | 814.5 | 0.30 | 1089 | 8146.5 |
| 0.04 | 145.2 | 1086.5 | 0.40 | 1452 | 10861.5 |
| 0.05 | 181.5 | 1357.5 | 0.50 | 1815 | 13577.5 |
| 0.06 | 217.8 | 1629.5 | 0.60 | 2178 | 16292.5 |
| 0.07 | 254.1 | 1900.5 | 0.70 | 2541 | 19007.5 |
| 0.08 | 290.4 | 2172.5 | 0.80 | 2904 | 21723.5 |
| 0.09 | 326.7 | 2443.5 | 0.90 | 3267 | 24438.5 |
| 0.10 | 363.0 | 2715.5 | 1.00 | 3630 | 27154.5 |
The U S or Queen Anne gallon used in the foregoing table contains 231 cu in or 0.1368 cu ft. The Imperial or British gallon contains 277.3 cu in. To reduce U S to Imperial gallons multiply by 0.83⅓.
To find the quantity of rainfall per square mile, multiply the quantity per acre by 640.
One inch of rain per acre is at the rate of 113 tons per acre or 7320 tons per sq mi.
Table 20—Depth of Water in a Standard 8-inch Gauge Corresponding to the Weight of Snow or Rain. :
| Weight Pounds | .00 | .01 | .02 | .03 | .04 | .05 | .06 | .07 | .08 | .09 |
| | in | in | in | in | in | in | in | in | in | in |
| 0.0 | .00 | .01 | .01 | .02 | .02 | .03 | .03 | .04 | .04 | .05 |
| 0.1 | .06 | .06 | .07 | .07 | .08 | .08 | .09 | .09 | .10 | .10 |
| 0.2 | .11 | .12 | .12 | .13 | .13 | .14 | .14 | .15 | .15 | .16 |
| 0.3 | .17 | .17 | .18 | .18 | .19 | .19 | .20 | .20 | .21 | .21 |
| 0.4 | .22 | .23 | .23 | .24 | .24 | .25 | .25 | .26 | .26 | .27 |
| 0.5 | .28 | .28 | .29 | .29 | .30 | .30 | .31 | .31 | .32 | .32 |
| 0.6 | .33 | .34 | .34 | .35 | .35 | .36 | .36 | .37 | .37 | .38 |
| 0.7 | .39 | .39 | .40 | .40 | .41 | .41 | .42 | .42 | .43 | .44 |
| 0.8 | .44 | .45 | .45 | .46 | .46 | .47 | .47 | .48 | .48 | .49 |
| 0.9 | .50 | .50 | .51 | .51 | .52 | .52 | .53 | .53 | .54 | .55 |
One pound equals 0.5507 in.
Table 21—Weight of a Cubic Foot of Saturated Water :
| Temp F | Grains Troy | Temp F | Grains Troy | Temp F | Grains Troy | Temp F | Grains Troy | Temp F | Grains Troy | Temp F | Grains Troy |
| -30 | 0.095 | -5 | 0.377 | 20 | 1.244 | 45 | 3.436 | 70 | 8.066 | 95 | 17.305 |
| -29 | 0.100 | -4 | 0.391 | 21 | 1.301 | 46 | 3.563 | 71 | 8.329 | 96 | 17.812 |
| -28 | 0.106 | -3 | 0.411 | 22 | 1.362 | 47 | 3.693 | 72 | 8.600 | 97 | 18.330 |
| -27 | 0.112 | -2 | 0.433 | 23 | 1.425 | 48 | 3.828 | 73 | 8.879 | 98 | 18.863 |
| -26 | 0.119 | -1 | 0.455 | 24 | 1.490 | 49 | 3.965 | 74 | 9.165 | 99 | 19.407 |
| -25 | 0.126 | 0 | 0.479 | 25 | 1.558 | 50 | 4.108 | 75 | 9.460 | 100 | 19.966 |
| -24 | 0.134 | 1 | 0.503 | 26 | 1.629 | 51 | 4.225 | 76 | 9.761 | 101 | 20.538 |
| -23 | 0.141 | 2 | 0.529 | 27 | 1.703 | 52 | 4.407 | 77 | 10.072 | 102 | 21.123 |
| -22 | 0.150 | 3 | 0.056 | 28 | 1.779 | 53 | 4.564 | 78 | 10.392 | 103 | 21.723 |
| -21 | 0.158 | 4 | 0.584 | 29 | 1.859 | 54 | 4.725 | 79 | 10.720 | 104 | 22.337 |
| -20 | 0.167 | 5 | 0.613 | 30 | 1.942 | 55 | 4.891 | 80 | 11.056 | 105 | 22.966 |
| -19 | 0.176 | 6 | 0.644 | 31 | 2.028 | 56 | 5.062 | 81 | 11.401 | 106 | 23.611 |
| -18 | 0.187 | 7 | 0.676 | 32 | 2.118 | 57 | 5.238 | 82 | 11.756 | 107 | 14.721 |
| -17 | 0.197 | 8 | 0.709 | 33 | 2.200 | 58 | 5.420 | 83 | 12.121 | 108 | 24.946 |
| -16 | 0.208 | 9 | 0.744 | 34 | 2.286 | 59 | 5.567 | 84 | 12.494 | 109 | 25.663 |
| -15 | 0.220 | 10 | 0.780 | 35 | 2.375 | 60 | 5.800 | 85 | 12.878 | 110 | 26.343 |
| -14 | 0.232 | 11 | 0.818 | 36 | 2.466 | 61 | 5.999 | 86 | 13.272 | 111 | 27.066 |
| -13 | 0.244 | 12 | 0.858 | 37 | 2.560 | 62 | 6.203 | 87 | 13.676 | 112 | 27.807 |
| -12 | 0.258 | 13 | 0.900 | 38 | 2.658 | 63 | 6.413 | 88 | 14.090 | 113 | 28.563 |
| -11 | 0.272 | 14 | 0.943 | 39 | 2.759 | 64 | 6.630 | 89 | 14.515 | 114 | 29.338 |
| -10 | 0.286 | 15 | 0.988 | 40 | 2.863 | 65 | 6.852 | 90 | 15.591 | 115 | 30.130 |
| -9 | 0.302 | 16 | 1.035 | 41 | 2.970 | 66 | 7.082 | 91 | 15.400 | 116 | 30.940 |
| -8 | 0.318 | 17 | 1.084 | 42 | 3.082 | 67 | 7.317 | 92 | 15.858 | 117 | 31.768 |
| -7 | 0.335 | 18 | 1.135 | 43 | 3.196 | 68 | 7.560 | 93 | 16.328 | 118 | 32.616 |
| -6 | 0.353 | 19 | 1.189 | 44 | 3.315 | 69 | 7.809 | 94 | 16.810 | 119 | 33.842 |
The foregoing values accord with the determinations of Marks and Davis, 1909. Te specific gravity of saturated vapor at 32° F (0° C) is 0.6238; at 50° F (10° C) 0.6256.
Table 22—Expansion of Air from the Freezing to the Boiling Point of Water :
| t° | V | t° | V | t° | V | t° | V | t° | V | t° | V |
| 32 | 1000.000 | 52 | 1040.700 | 72 | 1081.400 | 92 | 1122.100 | 112 | 1162.800 | 132 | 1203.500 |
| 33 | 1002.035 | 53 | 1042.735 | 73 | 1083.435 | 93 | 1124.135 | 113 | 1164.835 | 133 | 1205.535 |
| 34 | 1004.070 | 54 | 1044.770 | 74 | 1085.470 | 94 | 1126.170 | 114 | 1166.870 | 134 | 1207.570 |
| 35 | 1006.105 | 55 | 1046.805 | 75 | 1087.505 | 95 | 1128.205 | 115 | 1168.905 | 135 | 1209.605 |
| 36 | 1008.140 | 56 | 1048.840 | 76 | 1089.540 | 96 | 1130.240 | 116 | 1170.940 | 140 | 1219.780 |
| 37 | 1010.175 | 57 | 1050.875 | 77 | 1091.575 | 97 | 1132.275 | 117 | 1172.975 | 145 | 1229.955 |
| 38 | 1012.210 | 58 | 1052.910 | 78 | 1093.610 | 98 | 1134.310 | 118 | 1175.010 | 150 | 1240.130 |
| 39 | 1014.245 | 59 | 1054.945 | 79 | 1095.645 | 99 | 1136.345 | 119 | 1177.045 | 155 | 1250.305 |
| 40 | 1016.280 | 60 | 1056.980 | 80 | 1097.680 | 100 | 1138.380 | 120 | 1179.080 | 160 | 1260.480 |
| 41 | 1018.315 | 61 | 1059.015 | 81 | 1099.715 | 101 | 1140.415 | 121 | 1181.115 | 165 | 1270.655 |
| 42 | 1020.350 | 62 | 1061.050 | 82 | 1101.750 | 102 | 1142.450 | 122 | 1183.150 | 170 | 1280.830 |
| 43 | 1022.385 | 63 | 1063.085 | 83 | 1103.785 | 103 | 1144.485 | 123 | 1185.185 | 175 | 1291.005 |
| 44 | 1024.420 | 64 | 1065.120 | 84 | 1105.820 | 104 | 1146.520 | 124 | 1187.220 | 180 | 1301.180 |
| 45 | 1026.455 | 65 | 1067.155 | 85 | 1107.855 | 105 | 1148.555 | 125 | 1189.255 | 185 | 1311.355 |
| 46 | 1028.490 | 66 | 1069.190 | 86 | 1109.890 | 106 | 1150.590 | 126 | 1191.290 | 190 | 1321.530 |
| 47 | 1030.525 | 67 | 1071.225 | 87 | 1111.925 | 107 | 1152.625 | 127 | 1193.325 | 195 | 1331.705 |
| 48 | 1032.560 | 68 | 1073.260 | 88 | 1113.960 | 108 | 1154.660 | 128 | 1195.360 | 200 | 1341.880 |
| 49 | 1034.595 | 69 | 1075.295 | 89 | 1115.995 | 109 | 1156.695 | 129 | 1197.395 | 205 | 1352.055 |
| 50 | 1036.630 | 70 | 1077.330 | 90 | 1118.030 | 110 | 1158.730 | 130 | 1199.430 | 210 | 1362.230 |
| 51 | 1038.665 | 71 | 1079.365 | 91 | 1120.065 | 111 | 1160.765 | 131 | 1201.465 | 212 | 1366.300 |
Approximate difference for each degree F = 2.035
Table 23—Wind Pressure—Pounds per Square Foot :
| Ind Vel | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 9 |
| 0 | .. | . | ... | .. | . | ... | .. | . | ... | .. | . | ... | .. | . | ... | 0 | . | 104 | 0 | . | 144 | 0 | . | 190 | 0 | . | 243 | 0 | . | 303 |
| 10 | 0 | . | 369 | 0 | . | 433 | 0 | . | 511 | 0 | . | 586 | 0 | . | 666 | 0 | . | 762 | 0 | . | 853 | 0 | . | 949 | 1 | . | 05 | 1 | . | 16 |
| 20 | 1 | . | 27 | 1 | . | 38 | 1 | . | 50 | 1 | . | 63 | 1 | . | 76 | 1 | . | 90 | 2 | . | 04 | 2 | . | 19 | 2 | . | 34 | 2 | . | 48 |
| 30 | 2 | . | 64 | 2 | . | 81 | 2 | . | 98 | 3 | . | 14 | 3 | . | 32 | 3 | . | 50 | 3 | . | 67 | 3 | . | 87 | 4 | . | 04 | 4 | . | 24 |
| 40 | 4 | . | 44 | 4 | . | 64 | 4 | . | 84 | 5 | . | 07 | 5 | . | 27 | 5 | . | 51 | 5 | . | 72 | 5 | . | 93 | 6 | . | 18 | 6 | . | 40 |
| 50 | 6 | . | 66 | 6 | . | 89 | 7 | . | 12 | 7 | . | 40 | 7 | . | 64 | 7 | . | 88 | 8 | . | 14 | 8 | . | 43 | 8 | . | 69 | 8 | . | 95 |
| 60 | 9 | . | 22 | 9 | . | 49 | 9 | . | 76 | 10 | . | 1 | 10 | . | 4 | 10 | . | 6 | 10 | . | 9 | 11 | . | 2 | 11 | . | 6 | 11 | . | 9 |
| 70 | 12 | . | 2 | 12 | . | 5 | 12 | . | 8 | 13 | . | 1 | 13 | . | 5 | 13 | . | 8 | 14 | . | 1 | 14 | . | 4 | 14 | . | 8 | 15 | . | 1 |
| 80 | 15 | . | 5 | 15 | . | 8 | 16 | . | 2 | 16 | . | 5 | 16 | . | 9 | 17 | . | 3 | 17 | . | 6 | 18 | . | 0 | 18 | . | 4 | 18 | . | 8 |
| 90 | 19 | . | 2 | .. | . | ... | .. | . | ... | .. | . | ... | .. | . | ... | .. | . | ... | .. | . | ... | .. | . | ... | .. | . | ... | .. | . | ... |
The foregoing are calculated for wind ressure on plane surfaces at right angles to the direction of the wind by the formula $P=.004{\frac {B}{30}}SV^{2}$. $P=$ pressure in pounds avoirdupois; $S=$ surface in square feet; $V=$ true (or corrected) velocity in mi per hour; $B=$ height of barometer in inches.
Corrected velocites indicated for Robinson anemometer for above table.
| Ind Vel | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 9 |
| 0 | .. | . | ... | .. | . | ... | .. | . | ... | .. | . | ... | .. | . | ... | 5 | . | 1 | 6 | . | 0 | 6 | . | 9 | 7 | . | 8 | 8 | . | 7 |
| 10 | 9 | . | 6 | 10 | . | 4 | 11 | . | 3 | 12 | . | 1 | 12 | . | 9 | 13 | . | 8 | 14 | . | 6 | 15 | . | 4 | 16 | . | 2 | 17 | . | 0 |
| 20 | 17 | . | 8 | 18 | . | 6 | 19 | . | 4 | 20 | . | 2 | 24 | . | 0 | 21 | . | 8 | 22 | . | 6 | 23 | . | 4 | 24 | . | 2 | 24 | . | 9 |
| 30 | 25 | . | 7 | 26 | . | 5 | 27 | . | 3 | 28 | . | 0 | 28 | . | 8 | 29 | . | 6 | 30 | . | 3 | 31 | . | 1 | 31 | . | 8 | 32 | . | 6 |
| 40 | 33 | . | 3 | 34 | . | 1 | 34 | . | 8 | 35 | . | 6 | 36 | . | 3 | 37 | . | 1 | 37 | . | 8 | 38 | . | 5 | 39 | . | 3 | 40 | . | 0 |
| 50 | 40 | . | 8 | 41 | . | 5 | 42 | . | 2 | 43 | . | 0 | 43 | . | 7 | 44 | . | 4 | 45 | . | 1 | 45 | . | 9 | 46 | . | 6 | 47 | . | 3 |
| 60 | 48 | . | 0 | 48 | . | 7 | 49 | . | 4 | 50 | . | 2 | 50 | . | 9 | 51 | . | 6 | 42 | . | 3 | 53 | . | 0 | 43 | . | 8 | 54 | . | 5 |
| 70 | 55 | . | 2 | 55 | . | 9 | 56 | . | 6 | 57 | . | 3 | 48 | . | 0 | 58 | . | 7 | 59 | . | 4 | 60 | . | 1 | 60 | . | 8 | 61 | . | 5 |
| 80 | 62 | . | 2 | 62 | . | 9 | 63 | . | 6 | 64 | . | 3 | 65 | . | 0 | 65 | . | 8 | 66 | . | 4 | 67 | . | 1 | 67 | . | 8 | 68 | . | 5 |
| 90 | 69 | . | 2 | .. | . | ... | .. | . | ... | .. | . | ... | .. | . | ... | .. | . | ... | .. | . | ... | .. | . | ... | .. | . | ... | .. | . | ... |
Table 24
| t° | Wt | t° | Wt |
| 32 | 62.42 | 130 | 61.56 |
| 40 | 62.42 | 140 | 61.37 |
| 50 | 62.41 | 150 | 61.18 |
| 60 | 62.41 | 150 | 61.18 |
| 70 | 62.31 | 170 | 60.77 |
| 80 | 62.23 | 180 | 60.55 |
| 90 | 62.13 | 190 | 60.32 |
| 100 | 62.13 | 190 | 60.32 |
| 110 | 61.89 | 210 | 59.88 |
| 120 | 61.74 | 212 | 59.83 |
| t° | Wt | t° | Wt |
| 39.1 | 1.00000 | 131 | 1.01423 |
| 50 | 1.00025 | 140 | 1.01678 |
| 59 | 1.00083 | 140 | 1.01678 |
| 68 | 1.00171 | 158 | 1.02241 |
| 77 | 1.00286 | 167 | 1.02548 |
| 86 | 1.00425 | 176 | 1.02872 |
| 95 | 1.00586 | 185 | 1.03213 |
| 104 | 1.00767 | 194 | 1.03570 |
| 113 | 1.00967 | 203 | 1.03943 |
| 122 | 1.01186 | 212 | 1.04332 |
Table 25—Longest Summer Day and Winter Night in Different Latitudes :
| Read down |||||||||
| Lat | Mar 20 | Apr 5 | Apr 20 | May 5 | May 20 | June 5 | June 20 | Lat |
| 0° | 12:00 | 12:00 | 12:00 | 12:00 | 12:00 | 12:00 | 12:00 | 0° |
| 10 | 12:00 | 12:11 | 12:23 | 12:34 | 12:44 | 12:47 | 12:49 | 10 |
| 20 | 12:00 | 12:21 | 12:47 | 13:08 | 13:27 | 13:34 | 13:38 | 20 |
| 30 | 12:00 | 12:32 | 13:10 | 13:42 | 14:10 | 14:21 | 14:27 | 30 |
| 40 | 12:00 | 12:43 | 13:33 | 14:16 | 14:53 | 15:08 | 15:16 | 40 |
| 45 | 12:00 | 12:48 | 13:43 | 14:33 | 15:35 | 15:31 | 15:40 | 45 |
| 50 | 12:00 | 12:54 | 13:57 | 14:48 | 15:36 | 15:55 | 16:05 | 50 |
| 55 | 12:00 | 13:07 | 14:26 | 15:32 | 16:28 | 16:58 | 17:17 | 50 |
| 60 | 12:00 | 13:20 | 14:55 | 16:14 | 17:20 | 18:00 | 18:30 | 60 |
| 65 | 12:00 | 13:45 | 15:40 | 17:25 | 19:10 | 20:55 | 22:40 | 65 |
| 65.5 | 12:00 | 14:00 | 16:00 | 18:00 | 20:00 | 22:00 | 24:00 | 65.5 |
| | Sept 20 | Sept 5 | Aug 20 | Aug 5 | July 20 | July 5 | June 20 | |
| Read up |||||||||
Table 26—Mean Barometer at Different Latitudes :
| Lat | January | January | July | July | Year | Year |
| Lat | mm | in | mm | in | mm | in |
| 75° | 758.3 | 29.86 | 758.0 | 29.85 | 760.0 | 29.92 |
| 70 | 760.1 | 29.93 | 757.6 | 29.82 | 758.6 | 29.86 |
| 65 | 762.0 | 30.00 | 757.5 | 29.82 | 758.2 | 29.85 |
| 60 | 760.8 | 29.96 | 757.7 | 29.83 | 758.7 | 29.86 |
| 55 | 761.1 | 29.97 | 758.1 | 29.84 | 759.7 | 29.91 |
| 50 | 762.3 | 30.03 | 758.9 | 29.92 | 760.7 | 29.95 |
| 45 | 763.0 | 30.04 | 759.6 | 29.90 | 761.5 | 29.98 |
| 40 | 763.9 | 30.08 | 760.0 | 29.92 | 762.0 | 30.00 |
| 35 | 764.8 | 30.11 | 759.8 | 29.91 | 762.4 | 30.02 |
| 30 | 765.0 | 30.11 | 759.3 | 29.89 | 761.7 | 29.99 |
| 25 | 764.0 | 30.08 | 758.5 | 29.86 | 760.4 | 29.94 |
| 20 | 762.3 | 30.03 | 758.0 | 29.84 | 759.2 | 29.89 |
| 15 | 760.5 | 29.24 | 757.5 | 29.82 | 758.3 | 29.85 |
| 10 | 759.1 | 29.88 | 757.7 | 29.80 | 757.9 | 29.84 |
| 5 | 758.2 | 29.85 | 758.5 | 29.86 | 758.0 | 29.84 |
| 0 | 758.0 | 29.84 | 759.1 | 29.88 | 758.0 | 29.84 |
* ↑ Spitaler
* ↑ Ferrel
The difference in results shown in the foregoing tables are much too great to be attributed merely to observational error. Spitaler’s means were computed mainly from observations made in Europe; Ferrel’s from American data. Means obtained in latitudes lower than Lat 25 are from unknown sources. The following means were obtained at the Key West Weather Bureau Station, Lat 24° 33′.
| | mm | in | | mm | in | | mm | in |
| Jan. | 764.40 | 30.09 | May | 761.58 | 29.98 | Sept. | 760.90 | 29.96 |
| Feb. | 764.08 | 30.08 | June | 761.80 | 29.99 | Oct. | 760.38 | 29.94 |
| March | 763.58 | 30.03 | July | 763.10 | 30.04 | Nov. | 763.05 | 30.07 |
| April | 762.90 | 30.03 | Aug. | 762.20 | 30.01 | Dec. | 764.34 | 30.09 |
Mean for the years 1891-1904, 762.69 mm, 30.03 in.
Table 27—Determination of Speed per Hour According to Distance in Seconds per Mile :
| Time in | Time in | Miles | Time | Time | Miles | Time | Time | Miles |
| min | sec | per hour | min | sec | per hour | min | sec | per hour |
| 0 | 20 | 180.0 | 0 | 44 | 81.8 | 1 | 08 | 52.9 |
| 0 | 21 | 171.4 | 0 | 45 | 80.0 | 1 | 09 | 52.2 |
| 0 | 22 | 163.6 | 0 | 46 | 78.3 | 1 | 10 | 51.4 |
| 0 | 23 | 156.5 | 0 | 47 | 76.6 | 1 | 11 | 50.7 |
| 0 | 24 | 150.0 | 0 | 48 | 75.0 | 1 | 12 | 50.0 |
| 0 | 25 | 144.0 | 0 | 49 | 73.5 | 1 | 13 | 49.3 |
| 0 | 26 | 138.5 | 0 | 50 | 72.0 | 1 | 14 | 48.6 |
| 0 | 27 | 133.3 | 0 | 51 | 70.6 | 1 | 15 | 48.0 |
| 0 | 28 | 128.6 | 0 | 52 | 69.2 | 1 | 16 | 47.4 |
| 0 | 29 | 124.1 | 0 | 53 | 67.9 | 1 | 17 | 46.8 |
| 0 | 30 | 120.0 | 0 | 54 | 66.7 | 1 | 18 | 46.2 |
| 0 | 31 | 116.1 | 0 | 55 | 65.5 | 1 | 19 | 45.6 |
| 0 | 32 | 112.5 | 0 | 56 | 64.3 | 1 | 20 | 45.0 |
| 0 | 33 | 109.1 | 0 | 57 | 63.2 | 1 | 21 | 44.4 |
| 0 | 34 | 105.9 | 0 | 58 | 62.1 | 1 | 22 | 43.9 |
| 0 | 35 | 102.9 | 0 | 59 | 61.0 | 1 | 23 | 43.4 |
| 0 | 36 | 100.0 | 0 | 60 | 60.0 | 1 | 24 | 42.9 |
| 0 | 37 | 97.3 | 1 | 01 | 59.0 | 1 | 25 | 42.4 |
| 0 | 38 | 94.7 | 1 | 02 | 58.1 | 1 | 26 | 41.9 |
| 0 | 39 | 92.3 | 1 | 03 | 57.1 | 1 | 27 | 41.4 |
| 0 | 40 | 90.0 | 1 | 04 | 56.2 | 1 | 28 | 40.9 |
| 0 | 41 | 87.8 | 1 | 05 | 55.4 | 1 | 29 | 40.4 |
| 0 | 42 | 85.7 | 1 | 06 | 54.5 | 1 | 30 | 40.0 |
| 0 | 43 | 83.7 | 1 | 07 | 53.7 | 1 | 31 | 39.6 |
To find the rate of speed in miles per hour divide 3600, the number of seonds in an hour by the number of seconds required to traverse 1 mile. That is, if 1 mile is traversed in 25 seconds, the rate per hour in miles = 3600 ÷ 25 = 144 miles per hour
Table 28—Mean Altitude, in Feet of Clouds at Different Latitudes :
| Summer ||||||||||||
| Station | Ci | Ci-St | Ci-Cu | A-St | A-Cu | St-Cu | Nb | Cu top | Cu base | Cu-Nb top | St |
| Bossekop, 70° N | 27,000 | 22,000 | 17,500 | 15,000 | 11,500 | 4,500 | 3,200 | 7,100 | 4,300 | 13,000 | 2,200 |
| Pavlovsk, 60° N | 28,900 | 26,600 | 15,000 | ······ | 10,000 | 6,100 | ······ | 7,900 | 5,400 | 15,400 | 2,760 |
| Upsala, 60° N | 27,000 | 20,000 | 21,000 | 9,100 | 13,000 | 5,800 | 3,900 | 6,600 | 4,700 | 13,000 | ······ |
| Potsdam, 52° N | 29,000 | 26,000 | 19,000 | 10,800 | 12,000 | 7,100 | 5,900 | 6,900 | 4,700 | 13,100 | 2,230 |
| Trappe, 49° N | 29,200 | 25,600 | 19,000 | 12,500 | 12,000 | 5,970 | 3,500 | 7,100 | ······ | 18,000 | 3,100 |
| Toronto, 44° N | 35,800 | 29,200 | 29,100 | 13,900 | 11,500 | 6,760 | ······ | ······ | ······ | ······ | ······ |
| Blue Hill, 42° N | 31,200 | 33,100 | 22,000 | 20,400 | 12,300 | 3,800 | 3,900 | 9,500 | 5,800 | 29,500 | 1,670 |
| Washington, 39° N | 33,800 | 34,800 | 29,900 | 19,000 | 16,400 | 9,400 | 6,300 | 8,000 | 3,900 | 16,300 | 2,760 |
| Allahabad, 25° N | 35,100 | ······ | 37,000 | ······ | 14,700 | ······ | 2,700 | ······ | ······ | ······ | ······ |
| Manilla, 15° N | 36,100 | 42,500 | 22,300 | 14,000 | 18,700 | 6,200 | 4,500 | ······ | ······ | 21,000 | 3,500 |
| Batavia | 37,800 | 34,500 | 20,700 | ······ | 17,800 | ······ | ······ | ······ | ······ | ······ | 2,300 |
| Winter ||||||||||||
| Pavlovsk | 25,300 | 23,300 | 19,600 | ······ | 10,400 | 4,900 | ······ | 5,200 | 3,700 | ······ | 3,300 |
| Upsala | 22,900 | 17,700 | 20,000 | 13,400 | 13,600 | 6,400 | 3,200 | 5,000 | 2,300 | 17,000 | 1,600 |
| Potsdam | 26,500 | 25,000 | 17,700 | 9,800 | 11,000 | 4,700 | 4,200 | 5,700 | 3,200 | 3,200 | 2,000 |
| Trappe | 27,900 | 19,100 | 18,400 | 12,500 | 14,000 | 5,300 | 3,400 | 7,800 | ······ | 12,600 | ······ |
| Toronto | 32,800 | 27,900 | 26,900 | 13,700 | 8,200 | 5,000 | ······ | ······ | ······ | ······ | ······ |
| Blue Hill | 28,200 | 29,200 | 20,200 | 15,000 | 12,000 | 5,200 | 2,200 | 5,300 | 5,000 | ······ | 2,000 |
| Washington | 31,200 | 31,300 | 24,300 | 15,700 | 12,500 | 7,800 | 5,900 | 7,500 | 3,900 | 12,200 | 3,700 |
| Manilla | 34,800 | 38,300 | 21,000 | 12,500 | 15,200 | 7,600 | 4,900 | ······ | ······ | 10,300 | ······ |
Table 29—Constants
Circular Measure :
| Radius of a circle in seconds of arc | = | 206,264 | . | 8062 |
| Radius of a circle in minutes of arc | = | 3437 | . | 74677 |
| Radius of a circle in degrees of arc | = | 57 | . | 2957795 |
| Circumference of a circle (360°) in seconds | = | 1,296,000 | | |
| Circumference of a circle in minutes = | = | 21,600 | | |
| Ratio of circumference to diameter (2πR) | = | 3 | . | 1415926536 |
Astronomical :
| Calendar year | = | 365 d, 5 h, 48 min, 46 sec. |
| Sidereal year | = | 365.2563578 days |
| Sidereal day | = | 23 h, 56 min, 41 sec |
| Mean solar day in sidereal time | = | 24 h, 03 min, 56.5 sec |
| Mean distance of the earth from the sun | = | 92,800,000 miles |
Physical :
| Velocity of light per second | = | 186,337 miles |
| Velocity of light per second | = | 299,878 kilometers |
| Velocity of sound per second in dry air at 0° C | = | $1090{\sqrt {1+0.00367t^{\circ }}}$ C feet |
| Velocity of sound per second in dry air at 32° F | = | $1090{\sqrt {1+0.00204t^{\circ }}}$ F feet |
The formula $1090{\sqrt {1+{\tfrac {t^{\circ }}{273}}}}$ for Centigrade, and $1090{\sqrt {1+{\tfrac {t^{\circ }}{459}}}}$ for Fahrenheit scales is practically the same. For all ordinary purposes the value 1110 ft per sec when the temperature of the air is 50° F (30° C) or 1148 ft per sec when the temperature is 86° F (30° C) will meet all requirements.