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# The Lives of the Most Eminent English Poets/Volume 2/Duke

DUKE.
OF Mr. RICHARD DUKE I can find few memorials. He was bred at Westminster and Cambridge; and Jacob relates, that he was some time tutor to the Duke of Richmond.
He appears from his writings to have been not ill-qualified for poetical compositions; and being conscious of his powers, when he left the university, he enlisted himself among the wits. He was the familiar friend of Otway; and was engaged, among other popular names, in the translations of Ovid and Juvenal. In his Review, though unfinished, are some vigorous lines. His poems are not below ​mediocrity; nor have I found much in them to be praised.
With the Wit he seems to have shared the dissoluteness of the times: for some of his compositions are such as he must have reviewed with detestation in his later days, when he published those Sermons which Felton has commended.
Perhaps, like some other foolish young men, he rather talked than lived viciously, in an age when he that would be thought a Wit was afraid to say his prayers; and whatever might have been bad in the first part of his life, was surely condemned and reformed by his better judgement.
In 1683, being then master of arts, and fellow of Trinity College in Cambridge, he wrote a poem on the marriage of the Lady Anne with George Prince of Denmark.
He then took orders; and, being made prebendary of Gloucester, became a ​proctor in convocation for that church, and chaplain to Queen Anne.
In 1710, he was presented by the bishop of Winchester to the wealthy living of Witney in Oxfordshire, which he enjoyed but a few months. On February 10, 1710–11, having returned from an entertainment, he was found dead the next morning. His death is mentioned in Swift's Journal.
* ↑ He was admitted there in 1670; was elected to Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1675; and took his Master's degree in 1682.N.
* ↑ They make a part of a volume published by Tonson in 8vo. 1717, containing the poems of the earl of Roscommon, and the duke of Buckingham's essay on poetry; but were first published in Dryden's miscellany, as were most, if not all, of the poems in that collection.H.
# The Lives of the Most Eminent English Poets/Volume 1/Stepney

STEPNEY.
GEORGE STEPNEY, descended from the Stepneys of Pendigrast in Pembrokeshire, was born at Westminster in 1663. Of his father's condition or fortune we have no account. Having received the first part of his education at Westminster, where he passed six years in the College, he went at nineteen to Cambridge, where he continued a friendship begun at school with Mr. Montague, afterwards Earl of Halifax. They came to London together, and are said to have been invited into publick life by the Duke of Dorset.
His qualifications recommended him to many foreign employments, so that his time seems to have been spent in negociations. In 1692 he was sent envoy to the Elector of Brandenburgh; in 1693 to the Imperial Court; in 1694 to the Elector of Saxony; in 1696 to the Electors of Mentz ​and Cologne, and the Congress at Francfort; in 1698 a fecond time at Branden burgh; in 1699 to the King of Poland; in 1701 again to the Emperor; and in 1706 to the States General. In 1697 he was made one of the commissioners of trade. His life was busy, and not long. He died in 1707; and is buried in Westminster Abbey, with this epitaph, which Jacob transcribed:
H.S.E.
Georgius Stepneius, Armiger,
Vir
Ob Ingenii acumen, Literarum Scientiam, Morum Suavitatem, Rerum Usum, Virorum Amplissimorum Consuetudinem Linguæ, Styli, ac Vitæ Elegantiam, Præclara Officia cum Britanniæ tum Europæ præstita, Sua ætate multum celebratus, Apud posteros semper celebrandus; Plurimas Legationes obiit Ea Fide, Diligentia, ac Felicitate, Ut Augustissimorum Principum Gulielmi & Annæ Spem in illo repositam
Nunquam fesellerit,
Haud raro superaverit. Post longum honorum Cursum Brevi Temporis Spatio confectum, Cum Naturæ parum, Famæ fatis vixerat, Animam ad altiora aspirantem placide efflavit.
On the Left Hand,
G. S. Ex Equestri Familia Stepneiorum, De Pendegrast, in Comitatu Pembrochienfi oriundus,
Westmonasterii natus est, A. D. 1663. Electus in Collegium Sancti Petri Westmonast. A. 1676. Sancti Trinitatis Cantab. 1682. Consiliariorum quibus Commercii Cura commissa est 1697. Chelseiæ mortuus, &, comitante Magna Procerum Frequentia, huc elatus, 1707.
It is reported that the juvenile compositions of Stepney made grey authors blush. I know not whether his poems will appear such wonders to the present age. One cannot always easily find the reason for which the world has sometimes conspired to squander praise. It is not very unlikely that he wrote very early as well as he ever wrote; and the performances of youth have many ​favourers, because the authors yet lay no claim to publick honours, and are therefore not considered as rivals by the distributors of fame.
He apparently professed himself a poet, and added his name to those of the other wits in the version of Juvenal; but he is a very licentious translator, and does not recompense his neglect of the author by beauties of his own. In his original poems, now and then, a happy line may perhaps be found, and now and then a short composition may give pleasure. But there is, in the whole, little either of the grace of wit, or the vigour of nature.
# The Lives of the Most Eminent English Poets/Volume 1/Pomfret

POMFRET.
Of Mr. JOHN POMFRET nothing is known but from a slight and confused account prefixed to his poems by a nameless friend; who relates, that he was the son of the Rev. Mr. Pomfret, rector of Luton in Bedfordshire; that he was bred at Cambridge; entered into orders, and was the rector of Malden in Bedfordshire, and might have risen in the church; but that when he applied to Dr. Compton, bishop of London, for institution to a living of considerable value, to which he had been presented, he found a troublesome obstruction raised by a malicious interpretation of some passage in his Choice; from which it was inferred, that he considered happiness as more likely to be found in the company of a mistress than of a wife.
​This reproach was easily obliterated: for it had happened to Pomfret as to almost all other men who plan schemes of life; he had departed from his purpose and was then married.
The malice of his enemies had however a very fatal consequence: the delay constrained his attendance in London where he caught the small-pox, and died in 1703, in the thirty-sixth year of his age.
He published his poems in 1699; and has always been the favourite of that class of readers, who, without vanity or criticism, seek only their own amusement.
His Choice exhibits a system of life adopted to common notions, and equal to common expectations; such as a state as affords plenty and tranquillity, without exclusion of intellectual pleasures. Perhaps no composition in our language has been oftener perused than Pomfret's Choice.
In his other poems there is an easy volubility, the pleasure of smooth metre is afforded to the ear, and the mind is not oppressed with the ponderous or entangled with intricate sentiment. He pleases many, and he who pleases many must have merit.
# The Lives of the Most Eminent English Poets/Volume 1/Walsh

WALSH
WILLIAM WALSH, the son of Joseph Walsh, Esq. of Abberley in Worcestershire, was born in 1663, as appears from the account of Wood; who relates, that at the age of fifteen he became, in 1678, a gentleman commoner of Wadham College.
He left the university without a degree, and pursued his studies at London and at home; that he studied, in whatever place, is apparent from the effect; for he became, in Mr. Dryden's opinion, the best critick in the nation.
He was not, however, merely a critick or a scholar, but a man of fashion, and, as Dennis remarks, ostentatiously splendid in his dress. He was likewise a member of parliament and a courtier, knight of the shire for his native county in several parliaments; in another the representative of Richmond in Yorkshire; and ​man of the horse to Queen Anne, under the duke of Somerset.
Some of his verses shew him to have been a zealous friend to the Revolution; but his political ardour did not abate his reverence or kindness for Dryden, to whom he gave a Dissertation on Virgil's Pastorals, in which, however studied, he discovers some ignorance of the laws of French versification. In 1705, he began to correspond with Mr. Pope, in whom he discovered very early the power of poetry. Their letters are written upon the pastoral comedy of the Italians, and those pastorals which Pope was then preparing to publish.
The kindnesses which are first experienced are seldom forgotten. Pope always retained a grateful memory of Walsh's notice, and mentioned him in one of his latter pieces among those that had encouraged his juvenile studies.
———Granville the polite, And knowing Walsh, would tell me I could write.
In his Essay on Criticism he had given him more splendid praise: and, in the opinion of his learned commentator, ​sacrificed a little of his judgement to his gratitude.
The time of his death I have not learned. It must have happened between 1707, when he wrote to Pope, and 1711, when Pope praised him in his Essay. The epitaph makes him forty-six years old: if Wood's account be right, he died in 1709.
He is known more by his familiarity with greater men, than by any thing done or written by himself.
His works are not numerous. In prose he wrote Eugenia, a Defence of Women; which Dryden honoured with a Preface.
Esculapius, or the Hospital of Fools, published after his death.
A collection of Letters and Poems, amorous and gallant, was published in the volumes called Dryden's Miscellany, and some other occasional pieces.
To his Poems and Letters is prefixed a very judicious preface upon Epistolary Composition and Amorous Poetry.
In his Golden Age restored, there was something of humour, while the facts were recent; but it now strikes no longer. In ​his imitation of Horace, the first stanzas are happily turned, and in all his writings there are pleasing passages. He has however more elegance than vigour, and seldom rises higher than to be pretty.
End of Vol. I.
# The Lives of the Most Eminent English Poets/Volume 2

THE
LIVES
OF THE MOST EMINENT
ENGLISH POETS.
WITH
CRITICAL OBSERVATIONS
ON THEIR
WORKS.
By SAMUEL JOHNSON.
A NEW EDITION, CORRECTED,
IN FOUR VOLUMES.
VOL. II.
LONDON:
1794. (Drawback.)
page
CONTENTS.
OF THE
SECOND VOLUME
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The New International Encyclopædia/Zealot

Edition of 1905. See also Zealotry on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
ZEALOT (Gk. ζηλωτής, zēlōtēs, enthusiastic follower, from ζῆλος, zēlos, zeal, from ζέειν, zeein, to boil, foam). A term applied by Luke (Luke vi, 15; Acts i, 13) to Simon, one of the twelve Apostles, probably to distinguish him from the better known Simon Peter. In the list in Matthew (x. 4) this Simon is called the Cananæan (Κανανᾶιος) , The two words zealot and Cananæan are equivalents, the former being simply the Greek translation of the Hebrew term meaning zealous. The Zealots were a more or less closely organized party among the Jews, embracing the more fanatical elements of the population, whose watchword was complete political independence of Roman control, Simon, previous to his discipleship, probably had some connection with this party. The details of their early history are unknown. It was their lawless violence that precipitated the great war with Rome (A.D. 66-70) which resulted in the destruction of the Jewish nation.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Zerbst

Edition of 1905. See also Zerbst on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
ZERBST, tsĕrpst. A town of the Duchy of Anhalt, Germany, 68 miles southwest of Berlin, on the river Nuthe, a tributary of the Elbe (Map: Germany, E 3). Close by is the beautiful ducal castle, built in the seventeenth century, containing the archives of Anhalt from 941 on. The Church of Saint Nicholas, begun in the eleventh century, is a fine specimen of Gothic architecture. The chief manufactures are articles in gold and silver, and silk, wax, soap, machinery, chemicals, stoneware, and carriages. There are
breweries famous for their bitter beer. Population, in 1900, 17,094. Zerbst is of Slavic origin. The town dates from 1007. From 1603 to 1793 it was the capital of the Principality of Anhalt-Zerbst.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Zetterstedt, Johan Vilhelm

Edition of 1905. See also Johan Wilhelm Zetterstedt on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
ZETTERSTEDT, tsĕt'er-stĕt, Johan Vilhelm (1785-1874). A Swedish naturalist, born in East Gothland. He was educated at Lund, where he became successively tutor of botany (1810), assistant in the natural history department (1812), and professor of botany (1839). His works include Dissertatio de Fæcundatione Plantarum (1810-12); Orthoptera Sueciæ (1821); Fauna Insectorum Lapponica (1828); Monographia Scatophagarum Scandinaviæ (1835); Insecta Lapponica (1838-40), and Diptera Scandinaviæ (1842-60).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Zetzsche, Karl Eduard

Edition of 1905. See also Karl Eduard Zetzsche on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
ZETZSCHE, tsĕch'she, Karl Eduard (1830-94). A German mathematician and physicist, born in Altenburg. He studied in Dresden and Vienna, and in 1856 entered the Austrian telegraph service. In 1858 he became teacher in the industrial high-school at Chemnitz, and in 1876 professor of telegraphy in the Polytechnic Institute at Dresden. In 1880 he was appointed telegraph-engineer in the Imperial Post-office at Berlin, and in 1887 retired from public service. He wrote: Die Kopiertelegraphen, Typendrucktelegraphen und die Doppeltelegraphie (1865); Die elektrischen Telegraphen (1860); Katechismus der elektrischen Telegraphie (6th ed., 1883); Abriss der Geschichte der elektrischen Telegraphie (1874); Die Entwickelung der antomatischen Telegraphie (1875); Handbuch der elektrischen Telegraphie (together with Frölich, Henneberg, and Kohlfürst) (1877-1895). Consult: Voretzsch, Zur Erinnerung an K. E. Zetzsche (Altenburg, 1894).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Zirknitzer See

See also Lake Cerknica on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
ZIRKNITZER SEE, tsĭrk'nĭts-ẽr zā, or CZIRKNITZER SEE. A small lake in Carniola, Austria, 28 miles northeast of Triest (Map: Austria, D 4). It lies in a depression of the limestime plateau known as the Karst (q.v.), and exhibits some of the most remarkable features of Karst phenomena. The lake, which under ordinary conditions has an area of about 10 square miles and a mean depth of 20 feet, communicates through a number of openings with a series of subterranean reservoirs or caverns,
some of which are above the lake-level in the surrounding hills. In the autumn, when the rainfall is slight, the lake is completely drained into the reservoirs lying below its level, and its bed is speedily covered with rich herbage. With the returning heavy rains the surrounding higher reservoirs are filled and discharge suddenly through the subterranean passages into the lake, so that the latter very rapidly regains its ordinary volume and may even inundate the surrounding country. The changes in level are, however, very irregular. Sometimes the lake does not disappear for several years, and once, in 1834-35, it remained dry for over a year. It is rich in fish, which disappear and return with the water.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Ziska, John

See also Jan Žižka on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
ZISKA, zĭs'kȧ, Boh. ZIŽKA, zhĭzh'kȧ, John (c.1360-1424). A famous leader of the Hussites. He was born at Trocnoy, near Budweis, Bohemia. He became a page to King Wenceslas of Bohemia|, and spent his youth at Prague. In 1410 he took part as a volunteer on the side of the Teutonic Knights in the great battle of Tannenberg. Later he fought against the Turks and at the battle of Agineourt. Returning to Bohemia, soon after the burning of John Huss, he became prominent among the leaders of the Hussites. In 1419 the Hussites took up arms against the Emperor Sigismund, and Ziska displayed extraordinary activity in organizing their forces. He was soon recognized as their leader. He built a mountain stronghold which he named Tabor, whence the extreme party among the Hussites took the name of Taborites (q.v.). In 1420 he took up a strong position near Prague on an eminence since known as the ‘Zizkaberg,’ and with a few thousand men beat off an army of 30,000 (July 14th). On November 1st he won a victory over the Emperor Sigismund and again on January 8, 1422, he was victorious at Deutschbrod. His course was everywhere marked by the destruction of monasteries, the burning of priests' houses, and the introduction of the communion with both elements. (See Utraquists.) As the leader of the Taborites, Ziska waged a relentless war against the section of the Hussites known as the Calixtines. In 1424 it is said that Sigismund proposed an arrangement with the Hussites, by which full religious liberty was to be allowed and Ziska, who had an interview with the Emperor on the footing of an independent chief, was to be appointed Governor of Bohemia and her dependencies, but if this is true, the war-worn old chief did not live long enough to complete the treaty, for while besieging the castle of Pribyslav* he was seized with the plague, and died October 11, 1424. He was buried in a church at Czaslav, and his iron war-club was hung up over his tomb. A story was long current that, in accordance with Ziska's express injunctions, his skin was flayed off, tanned, and used as a cover for a drum, which was afterwards employed in the Hussite army, in order that even when dead he might be a terror to his enemies. From early boyhood Ziska had been blind in one eye and he lost his other eye in 1421. As he has become a popular hero, it is difficult in many parts of his life to separate fact from fiction. Meissner was the author of an epic poem on Ziska which has passed through more than a dozen editions; and George Sand wrote a
prose Life. Consult Millauer, Diplomatisch-historische Aufsätze über Johann Ziska (Prague, 1824); Tomck, Johann Ziska (Ger. ed., Prague, 1882).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Zerrahn, Carl

Edition of 1905. See also Carl Zerrahn on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
ZER'RAHN, Carl (1820— ). A German-American musician and conductor, born at Malchow, Mecklenburg. He studied music in Hanover and Berlin, and came to America during the Revolution of 1848. Here he became first flute in the Germania Musical Society, which gave concerts in the principal cities of the United States. In 1854 he was made conductor of the Handel and Haydn Society, Boston. For many years he gave at his own financial risk the only orchestral classical concerts in Boston. In 1865 he was appointed conductor of the Harvard Symphony concerts, serving until discontinued in 1882. He was elected conductor of the Oratorio Society of Salem, Mass. (1868), and as the conductor of many of the principal musical festivals held throughout New England exercised an important influence on the musical life of America at large. In addition to his other positions he became a professor at the New England Conservatory of Music. He was especially successful in the presentation of the great oratorios and the management of large choruses.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Zirkel, Ferdinand

See also Ferdinand Zirkel on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
ZIRKEL, tsēr'kel, Ferdinand (1838—). A German mineralogist, born at Bonn. He was at first interested in mining, visited Iceland in company with Preyer in 1860, and after being employed for two years in the Geological Institution at Vienna, became professor, successively at the universities of Lemberg (1863), Kiel (1868), and Leipzig (1870), where he was also made director of the Mineralogical Museum. He traveled for study in France, Italy, and Scotland; came to America in 1874 to examine the great collections of minerals made during the exploration of the fortieth degree of latitude, and in 1894-95 pursued scientific investigations in Ceylon and India. His more extensive writings include: Reise nach Island im Sommer 1860 (with Preyer, 1862); Lehrbuch der Petrographie (1866, 2d ed. 1893-95); Die mikroskopische Beschaffenheit der Mineralien und Gesteine (1873); “Microscopical Petrography,” in Report of the United States Geological Exploration of the Fortieth Parallel (1876); and Ueber Urausscheidungen rheinischer Basalte (1893). After the death of Naumann he edited the new issues of his Elemente der Mineralogie (14th ed. 1901).
# The King's Men: A Tale of To-morrow

THE KING'S MEN.
THE KING'S MEN
A TALE OF TO-MORROW
BY
ROBERT GRANT
    JOHN BOYLE O'REILLY
       J. S. OF DALE AND
          JOHN T. WHEELWRIGHT
"All the king's horses and all the kings men
Couldn't put Humpty Dumpty up again."
NEW YORK.
CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS
1884
Copyright, 1884, by
ROBERT GRANT.
CONTENTS
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
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# The Most Ancient Lives of Saint Patrick/The Life and Acts of St. Patrick/Chapter 17

How he Relieved those who were Perishing of Hunger.
And Saint Patrick, guided by his angelic guide, came unto the sea, and he there found the ship that was to carry him to Britain, and a crew of heathens who were in the ship freely received him, and, hoisting their sails with a favorable wind, after three days they made land. And being come out of the ship, they found a region desert and inhabited of none, and they began to travel over the whole country for the space of twenty-four days; and for the want of food in that fearful and wide solitude were they perishing of hunger. And Patrick, through their whole journey, was preaching unto those pagans the Word of God, and disputing with them and persuading them unto the faith of the Holy Trinity and the kingdom of heaven; but they, even as the deaf adder that listens not to the voice of the charmer charming wisely, closed their ears against the Word of God until misery gave them understanding to hear. For hunger yet more heavily assailing and oppressing them, the greater part are said to have thus spoken: "Behold, O worshipper of Christ! how wretched are we with want and misery, and our eyes fail us for every need; now, therefore, implore for us thy God, whom thou describes! and exaltest as all-powerful, that His bounty may relieve us, and we will adore and glorify His greatness." And Saint Patrick answered unto them: "Believe in and confess the God who giveth food unto all flesh, and by whom, when He openeth His hand, ye shall be satisfied from His goodness." And he prayed earnestly, and behold, as he prayed for them, suddenly an herd of swine appeared, and they saw wild honey, and therewith they were sufficed even to fulness, nor from that day through their whole journey did ever a supply of food fail unto them. And this great miracle being seen, they all gave thanks unto God and held Saint Patrick in the highest reverence.