# Field Notes of Junius Henderson/Notebook 3

Professor Peter Robinson of the University of Colorado at Boulder transcribed these notes in 2001, and agreed to their free release. Annotations by him are enclosed in double brackets "((like this))". commons:File:Field Notes of Junius Henderson, Notebook 3.pdf was scanned by the w:en:National Snow and Ice Data Center. The index page is at Index:Field Notes of Junius Henderson, Notebook 3.pdf.
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## Front pages

​Junius Henderson Field Notebook No. 3 1909 - Sept. 6, 1909 ​Junius Henderson Boulder, Colo
Field Note Book No. 3
1909 - Sept. 6, 1909

## Trips to the West

    Journey further West to California, Winter-Summer 1909
Boulder, Colo. Boulder, Colorado, Jany 26, 1909 January 26, 1909
Bright, windy morning, 40¡ at 7 a. m. Went to University University of Colorado for receipt book, etc. Then took 11:30 train for Ft. Collins Ft. Collins, Colorado, reaching there at 1:15. Went to Northern Hotel Northern Hotel, got lunch ordered team for tomorrow at Tate's and spent balance of day reading and writing. Retired at 8:45.
Ft. Collins Ft. Collins, Colorado, Jany 27, 1909 January 26, 1909
Arose at 5:45. Left hotel Northern Hotel at 7 a.m. with team and driver from Tate's. Cloudy and cold, east wind, clearing and warming toward noon. Took Rocky Ridge road. Saw big flock blackbirds, numerous horned larks Eremophila alpestris, several hawks and magpies magpie and one meadowlark Sturnella. Reached mouth of Box Elder Box Elder Creek, Colorado at 10 a.m. N of creek, Niobrara Niobrara and Dakota dip 66deg, strike N 55deg E. Benton measures 143 yds horizontally across ​and Dakota about 100 yards. S of creek Niobrara Niobrara dips 82¡ strike N 45¡ E carries it directly into outcrops on N side. N end of S side outcrop swings to N for last few feet. 75 horizontal yards across Benton and 75 across Dakota. Found no yellow ss in Jurassic at mouth of canyon, but the l.s. containing the fossils (of which we have had slides made) and one foot (or more) concretionary zone is present. In isolated hill inside mouth of canyon the deep red Lykins passes above into pinkish roundly massive s.s., which abruptly changes to whitish, in turn abruptly but apparently conformably into angular yellow s.s. Probably that in which Hayden found Pentacrinus Pentacrinus and Ostrea Ostrea. Above this is the fossiliferous l.s. At one point there is a marked unconformity near base of Jura for 50 ft thus ((drawing in field book)). Worked back S of Niobrara ridge, found no fossils in Benton and only Inoceramus Inoceramus and Ostrea Ostrea fragments ​in the Dakota. Saw white tailed jack rabbit Lepus townsendii. Then came back to Ft. Collins Ft. Collins, Colorado by road which passes the mouth of Owl Canyon Owl Creek Canyon drainage. Started back at 2:30 reaching hotel at 5:20. has been warm walking this afternoon, and bright, but a cool breeze which made overcoat comfortable when driving.
Ft. Collins Ft. Collins, Colorado, Jan 28, 1909 January 28, 1909
Cloudy, a strong, cold north wind. Arose at 7 a.m., left for Boulder Boulder, Colorado at 8 a.m.
Boulder Boulder, Colorado, Feby 13, 1909 February 13, 1909
Cloudy, east wind. W. W. Robbins and I started for Green Mt. Green Mountain, Colorado Via Skunk Canyon Skunk Canyon, Colorado at 9:30 a.m. Saw only usual number of magpies magpie and long crested jays Cyanocitta stelleri, one buzzard Buteo, a few chickadees Poecile one canyon Catherpes mexicanus or winter wren Troglodytes hiemalis and one pine squirrel Tamiasciurus. Robbins shot the squirrel. Not a junco Junco hyemalis, tree ​sparrow Spizella arborea or any other species. At noon it began snowing and continued till we reached home at 2 p.m. and balance of day.
Tuesday, Mch 2, 1909 March 2, 1909
Started for Ft. Collins Ft. Collins, Colorado with G. W. Bartholomew of the Portland Cement Co. on 7:50 p.m. train. Windy. Reached Ft. Collins Ft. Collins, Colorado on time and went to Northern Hotel Northern Hotel.
Wednesday Mch 3, 1909 March 3, 1909
Started with Bartholomew and team from Daly and Nelson's at 7:30 a.m., for Owl Canyon Owl Creek Canyon, Colorado. Saw numerous shore larks Eremophila alpestris and red winged blackbirds Agelaius phoeniceus. Examined gypsum, found section thus in the Lykins: Limestone capping escarpment ​Red clay 75 ft Gypsum 25 ft Covered 10 ft. Crossbedded sandstone.
Reached Collins Ft. Collins, Colorado at 3:10 p.m. Gypsum at Owl canyon Owl Creek Canyon, Colorado is crossed by west line of sec 6, tp 9 N R 69 W. Returned to Boulder Boulder, Colorado in Evening, reaching here at 6 p.m. Bartholomew paid me $20.00 for the trip and all expenses.
Boulder, Colo. Boulder, Colorado, March 23, 1909 March 23, 1909
Delightful morning, but hazy clouds. I started alone up Gregory Canyon Gregory Canyon, Colorado at 7:30 a.m. Six meadowlarks Sturnella before reaching mouth of canyon. Saw Junco sp. Junco at mouth of Gregory Canyon Gregory Canyon, Colorado. Further up saw nuthatches Sitta and took a chipmunk Tamias and chickadee Poecile. Saw a Clarke nutcracker Nucifraga columbiana. Passed over the divide into bear Canyon Bear Canyon, Colorado, where nutcrackers Nucifraga were plentiful, as well as chickadees Poecile and nuthatches nuthatch. Shot another chickadee Poecile and nuthatch Sitta. ​Then worked down Bear canyon Bear Canyon, Colorado and over into Skunk Canyon Skunk Canyon, Colorado where I shot a chickadee Poecile of the other species. Just south of town heard 3 more meadowlarks Sturnella and saw 2 bluebirds Sialia and one robin Turdus migratorius. Long crested jays Cyanocitta stelleri all along the route but magpies magpie only in Skunk Canyon Skunk Canyon, Colorado. Juncos only at mouth of Gregory Gregory Canyon, Colorado and mouth of Skunk Canyon Skunk Canyon, Colorado. Shot a nutcracker Nucifraga for his skeleton. Began to sprinkle just before reaching my room at the Y.M.C.A. at 6 p.m. Still raining hard when I went to bed after a dip in the swimming pool. ​
Boulder, Colo. Boulder, Colorado Sunday, June 6, 1909 June 6, 1909
Went to church in forenoon. Dined with rev. Pulliam, then hurried to University University of Colorado and marched in the academic procession to the Presbyterian Church Presbyterian Church and heard the Baccalaureate Sermon.
Monday, June 7, 1909 June 7, 1909
Very rainy day. Finished my work at museum for the semester. Saw 2 nighthawks Chordeiles minor.
Tuesday June 8, 1909 June 8, 1909
Clouds low in morning, but soon lifted. Got meals at the Boulderado Boulderado. Took representative Chas. Hayden, a member of the advisory board, to dinner with me. In evening I went to the campus illumination etc.
Wednesday, June 9, 1909 June 9, 1909
Clear early in morning. Soon ​clouded. Academic procession started at 10 a.m. Took cars to Chatauqua Chatauqua. Terrific rain and hail just as we reached the grounds, continuing for some time , then with milder force nearly all through commencement exercises. Dined at Home Lunch Counter Home Lunch Counter at 2 p.m., Packed trunk and left for Denver Denver, Colorado on 4:40 train, sprinkling again as I left. The foregoing 4 days record written on train just after leaving. Too busy to write it in large diary this week. The fields and prairies are beautifully green.
Birds seen: {taxon|Zenaida macroura|Doves}}, meadowlarks Sturnella, redwings Agelaius phoeniceus, lark buntings Calamospiza melanocorys, kingbirds Tyrranus. Barn swallows Hirundo rustica, Boulder Creek Boulder Creek, Clear Creek Clear Creek and Platte River Platte Riverhigh. Hailed as we reached Denver Denver, Colorado, got wet going to U.P. ticket office and found it locked. Returned to depot and found my sleeper ticket there. Felger (?) came into ​car and we had a brief talk. Left Denver Denver, Colorado for Los Angeles Los Angeles, California at 7:05 p.m., got dinner in diner. Went to bed early. Reached Cheyenne Cheyenne, Wyoming at 10:40.
Cheyenne, Wyo. Cheyenne, Wyoming, Thursday June 10, 1909 June 10, 1909
Still at Cheyenne, held up on account of floods. Cold and partly cloudy. Cheyenne Cheyenne, Wyoming paper reports 64 as maximum temperature, 45 minimum. Clear part of day. Left Cheyenne Cheyenne, Wyoming at 2 p.m., crossed Trias and Carboniferous at 2:45 and entered granite. Formations very irregular in strike and dip but mostly strike E-W and dip possibly northerly. Passed through long tunnel at 3:30 and 7 minutes later cut red sandstones again. On Laramie plains at 3:45, broad and flat, stratified rocks (Carboniferous?) to north, plain ​buried beneath debris mantle and rising abruptly from plains to south are mountains apparently of granite. Reached Laramie Laramie, Wyoming at 4 p.m.
Ogden, Utah Ogden, Utah. June 11, 1909 June 11, 1909
Woke up at Ogden, Utah Ogden, Utah at 5 a.m., bright, but cool, soon warming up. Mts. Bordering valley with much snow, especially at Salt Lake Salt Lake City, Utah. Went into diner just after leaving Salt Lake Salt Lake City, Utah. . Immediately after breakfast the engine broke down , causing another delay. At Tintic Tintic there are many mines ? most important camp in Utah. Beyond great scrub cedar scrub cedar forests. SW of Lynn Lyman, Utah sagebrush desert, with no grass. ​
Barstow, Cali. Barstow, California, June 12, 1909 June 12, 1909
Awoke at 5:30 here, bright and quite warm. Tree yuccas Yucca elata here, but soon left behind, as also large "soapweed" Yucca glauca. Reached Los Angeles Los Angeles, California at 11 a.m. 15 hours behind. Nellie, Henry, Alice, Ina and Cousin Mamie met me at depot and Nellie Ina and I went to the house for lunch. Spent afternoon at house. At 7 p.m. The Kittle's (sic) called for a few moments. At 8 p.m. we all went to Henry's and spent the evening with music.
Los Angeles, Cali. Los Angeles, California, June 13, 1909 June 13, 1909
Kittle called with the auto and took Nellie, Frank and I for a ride to Hollywood Hollywood, California. At 4:30 Nellie and I took the "Salt Lake" train for Long beach Long Beach, California, where uncle George and Dr. A. L. Bryant met us at the train. After lunch we all ​Cloudy forenoon, sunny afternoon.
Long Beach, Cali. Long Beach, California, June 14, 1909 June 14, 1909
Cloudy morning. I spent most of the forenoon packing 1800 shells and sea urchins sea urchins Nellie had collected . In the afternoon Nellie and I walked west up the beach beyond Seaside Seaside, California where we collected some 700 shells, mostly of Cerithiidae Cerithiidae ? They were in the sand which had been dumped out by the dredger and which formed the dyke along the channel.
Long Beach, Cali. Long Beach, California, {dated|1909-06-15|June 15, 1909}}
Cloudy morning. Arose at 6:30 and packed the shells collected yesterday. Left Long Beach Long Beach, California on Salt Lake car ​with cousin Fannie Coad and husband at 9:34 for Catalina Catalina, California, fare $5.00. Very calm, warm, only partly cloudy. Put up at Delmar Delmar, got a very poor dinner at the Klondike Restaurant Klondike Restaurant, then went to Seal Rocks Seal Rocks in the glass bottomed boat Hermosa. In the evening walked to a bay north of Avalon Avalon, California. Supped at Arlington Caf?. Very good.
Avalon Cali. Avalon, California, June 16, 1909 June 16, 1909
Clear, calm and hot. I arose at 6:30 breakfasted and started SE along beach. Found rocks covered with limpets of several species, Littorina Littorina and Chlorostoma Chlorostoma. In an hour or so Nellie and Fannie joined me. We walked to Pebble Beach Pebble Beach, California (the town dump) and found there a few cone shells etc. on the shingle. Have seen no sandy beaches on the island yet and few pebbly ones. Sea cliff usually precipitous, porphyry and ​other igneous or intrusive rocks. Near Seal Rocks Seal Rocks it looked like a coarse conglomerate in places as seen from the boat. Returned to Avalon Avalon, California at 2:45 and left on the Hermosa at 3:15, reaching Long Beach Long Beach, Californiaat 6:15. Spent evening cleaning snails and spreading their opercula to dry. Collected 497 specimens of limpet spp. limpet, Littorina sp. Littorina, Chlorostoma sp. Chlorostoma, and other mollusca, but only two land snails. Island very dry.
Long Beach, Cali. Long Beach, California June 17/09 June 17, 1909
Spent forenoon finishing the preparation of the snails. In afternoon Nellie and I were on the beach most of the time. I left for Los Angeles Los Angeles, California at 4:50p.m. In evening, ​Lu, Allie, Ina and I called on Henry and Louise and told her goodbye, as she leaves for the east tomorrow. Frank went to Long Beach Long Beach, California, so I have missed him. He returned on late car.
Los Angeles, Cali. Los Angeles, California June 18, 1909 June 18, 1909
Kittle and I went to Glendale Glendale, California in the auto. Called on Dr. Al. Bryant and Mrs. Goss, Goss being away. I left Los Angeles Los Angeles, California for Long Beach Long Beach, California on 2:30 p.m. car. Rained last night, cloudy this forenoon, clear this afternoon. In afternoon Nellie and I walked a long ways east on Long Beach Long Beach, California and collected about 150 or 200 specimens of shells. ​
Long Beach, Cali. Long Beach, California June 19, 1909 June 19, 1909
Bright, clear and warm. At 10:30 I started for Los Angeles Los Angeles, California on electric car. Went to City Hall and found Frank, where Kittle and Melvin joined us. Frank went to the City Club dinner, and the rest of us to a cafeteria, then at 1:30 we all started for Portuguese Bend Portuguese Bend, above Point Firman Point Firman in Kittle's auto. Left auto on bluffs and went down to beach, collected crabs crabs, limpets limpets etc. Then got supper and made our beds, turning in at 9 p.m.
Portuguese Bend Portuguese Bend, Cali. June 20, 1909 June 20, 1909
I arose at 5:30 and started for the beach, where the others joined ​ me at 8:30. Got some fine material. Found Keyhole Limpets Fissurellidae (volcano) and large chitons Polyplacophora, and black abalones Haliotis cracherodii by turning rocks, other species (snails and bivalves) on upper surfaces of rocks. Collected a few fish also and a lizard. Fleas were very bad last night and prevented sleep. We found they were swarming along the bluffs where sheep or goats had been grazing, so we packed up and came back to Los Angeles Los Angeles, California, starting about 11:30. Has been bright and warm all day. Frank and I spent the evening at Henry's, then returned to his house. Collected over 500 specimens yesterday and today. Keyhole limpets Fissurellidae (volcano) only found under rocks, others under and over. Black abalones Haliotis cracherodii under and in crevices. ​
Los Angeles, Cali. Los Angeles, California, June 21, 1909 June 21, 1909
Dense fog at 6 a.m., but cleared early. I left for Long beach Long Beach, California at 10:40 but did not arrive until 11 a.m. on account of trouble with the motor. Stayed in house most of afternoon. Developed negatives in evening.
Long Beach, Cali. Long Beach, California, June 22/09 June 22, 1909
Cloudy forenoon and moist. Saw several large slugs Gastropoda on sidewalk. Walked beyond Seaside Seaside, California and collected a lot of shells etc., 67 specimens. In afternoon Nellie and I went to east San Pedro San Pedro, California and collected 869 shells on the SW end of Terminal Island Terminal Island, possibly the residuum of erosion of Pleistocene beds, though the perfect condition of the most fragile Pectens Pecten and Crucibulum Crucibulum are against that idea. Clear afternoon. ​Total collections to date 4583.
Long Beach, Cali. Long Beach, California, June 23, 1909 June 23, 1909
Cloudy morning, nearly clear by noon. Stayed in house most of forenoon. Nellie and I went to theater and saw "Winchester" in the afternoon.
Long Beach, Cali. Long Beach, California, June 24/09 June 24, 1909
Cloudy, misty morning. Nellie and I took the Seaside car at 9:50, then walked to East San Pedro San Pedro, California, returning on 5:45 "Salt Lake" train. Clear afternoon. Collected 1607 specimens, making a total of 5650 to date.
Long Beach, Cali. Long Beach, California, June 25, 1909 June 25, 1909
Moist, cloudy morning. We packed ​yesterday's collections and swept the house in the forenoon. Clear at noon as usual.
Long Beach, Cali. Long Beach, California, June 26, 1909 June 26, 1909
Cloudy morning, cleared before noon. I went to Los Angeles Los Angeles, California on 10:10 a.m. car. Went to City hall and met Frank. We went to City Club and from there to Pacific Electric Station Pacific Electric Station, where we started on City Club San Pedro excursion at 1:10, about 250 men in five cars. At San Pedro San Pedro, California the conductor announced that he could not get the power to run to Point Firman Point Firman, which of course the company knew before the excursion started. So we boarded six boats and ran first through the outer harbor, then through the inner harbor to the Craig shipyards at Seaside Seaside, California, where ​we went through the plant. The channels of the inner harbor reminded me of the tide flats about La Conner La Conner, Washington on Puget Sound Puget Sound, at high tide. At Seaside Seaside, California we boarded electric cars and went to Long Beach Long Beach, California, where we dined at the Virginia then listened to talks on San Pedro San Pedro, California harbor by Capt. Freis, the engineer in charge of the government, and others. The ran to Los Angeles Los Angeles, California which we reached at 11 p.m. I went home with Henry for the night. My fleabites were badly inflamed so I bathed them in a saturated solution of baking soda, which allayed the itching.
Long Beach Long Beach, California, June 27, 1909 June 27, 1909
Clear morning and warm. Henry and I went to Frank's for breakfast, then I went to Kittles, where Nellie arrived last night. ​We all went in the auto to a cafeteria for dinner, then rode to Eastlake Park Eastlake Park and on to Huntington road, then Nellie and I came back to Long Beach Long Beach, California, on 4 oclock car.
Long Beach Long Beach, California, June 28, 1909 June 28, 1909
Cloudy morning, cleared soon and hot afternoon. Nellie and I went down to Naples Bay Naples Bay, California, where we found some fine Bulla gouldiana Bulla gouldiana, abundant Cerithidea Cerithidea and Melampus Melampus? Took car to and from Mira Mar Miramar, California, just above head of Naples canal. Got 195 specimens (including 38 Bulla Bulla) besides 15 specimens I got this morning. Total collections to date 5860. ​
Long Beach, Cali. Long Beach, California, June 29/09 June 29, 1909
Bright, hot day. Surf very high. In afternoon I went through the reclaimed tidelands north of Seaside Seaside, California. Cerithidea Cerithidea in enormous numbers as far as the tides reach. Melampus olivaceus Melampus olivaceus snails nearer coast Mud pumped out by dredger contained many Tagelus Tagelus, Chione Chione, Ostrea Ostrea etc. and a few pectens Pecten. In evening Nellie and I attended Bide a wyle theater ? performance very poor.
Long Beach, Cali. Long Beach, California, June 30/09 June 30, 1909
Hot and bright. I rode to Mira Mar Miramar, California on the Naples car and took photos E and W along the coast from the point. Then took 14th st. car and went to salt marsh N of Seaside Seaside, California where I took 2 photos of Cerithidea Cerithidea and collected 2 tern Sternula eggs. Collected a few shells. ​
Long Beach Cali. Long Beach, California, July 1, 1909 July 1, 1909
A hot morning, cloudy and cooler in afternoon. I went to Los Cerritos Los Cerritos, California and collected 610 Pleistocene fossils, returning at 3 p.m. At 4 p.m. Nellie and I went to Los Angeles Los Angeles, California , met Francis at the Santa Fe train. Dined at Boos Cafeteria Boos Cafeteria opposite Pacific Electric Station Pacific Electric Station. Then Nellie and Francis went to Long Beach Long Beach, Californiaand I went to Franks, where I found Zo? Dobson and her children and Gertrude Thompson.
Los Angeles,Los Angeles, Cali. Los Angeles, California Bright, hot morning. I called on Ralph Arnold at H. W. Hellman Bldg. Got dinner at Boos cafeteria Boos cafeteria, met Nellie at Pacific Electric Station Pacific Electric Station and at 1:45 we left for Santa Barbara Santa Barbara, California on Southern Pacific R.R., where ​Kittle met us with the auto. It has been a terribly hot day, but cool at Santa Barbara Santa Barbara, California. In evening we went to band concert.
Santa Barbara, Cali. Santa Barbara, California July 3, 1909 July 3, 1909 Harl, Carl, Melonie and I went into Mission Canyon Mission Canyon, California before breakfast. Then we went to the beach. In afternoon went to the beach again and collected limpets Gastropoda, etc. Bright and hot in the sun where sheltered from the wind, but wind cool. Found three species of limpets Gastropoda, alive, and Littorina Littorina, one turban shell Turbinidae and one chiton Polyplacophora and one coffee bean shell coffee bean shell. Many dead specimens of Conus Conus, Olivella Olivella, Chama Chama and mussels. Small mussels alive, also the peculiar non sessile barnacle like animal which we first found at Portuguese Bend Portuguese Bend. Total collections to date 6485 + 80 = 6565. ​
Santa Barbara, Cali. Santa Barbara, California July 5, 1909 July 5, 1909
Bright morning but cool breeze. Harl took the women and small children in the auto and Carl Strock, Melvin and I walked the beach a mile or so SE of the lighthouse, returning at 6:30 p.m. Collected about 130 shells. Total collections to date 6695
Santa Barbara, Cali. Santa Barbara, CaliforniaJuly 6, 1909 July 6, 1909
Bright, warm morning. Harl and I explored the bluffs at the bath house and collected about 400 small Pleistocene fossils, mostly gastropods Gastropoda and fragments of Bryozoa Bryozoa. The formation dips westerly or southwesterly. On top of the next point west we found kitchen middens containing ​clam Mollusca and mussel shells Mollusca. I afternoon collected about 300 Pliocene at S end and on E face of Packard Hill Packard Hill. The S end is a mass of small Bryozoa Bryozoa stems, with a few small pectens Pecten and other shells. Then Harl and wife and Nellie and I went in to the swimming pool. In evening we dined at Stocks, then they came to Kittle's and spent evening. I swam more than I have for years. Total collections to date 7395.
Santa Barbara, Cali. Santa Barbara, California, dated|1909-07-07|July 7, 1909}}
Bright, warm morning. We left Santa Barbara Santa Barbara, California, on the S. P. Ry. At 10:30 a.m., reached Los Angeles Los Angeles, California 2:30 p.m. Went out to Frank's house, then took 5:20 electric car for Long Beach Long Beach, California. Wrote a lot of letters in evening. ​
Long Beach, Cali. Long Beach, California, July 8/09 July 8, 1909
Foggy morning, clearing up by 10:30. Nellie and I took 9:30 train to East San Pedro San Pedro, California on Salt Lake Road. There we rented a boat from Paul La Marr's boathouse and rowed to Deadman's Island Deadman's Island, California. Collected limpets Gastropoda, marine snails marine snails of several species, one Bulla Bulla etc. on beach then collected fossils on east end of island. West end shows Miocene? conglomerate at base. Found no fossils. Above is a sandstone, probably lower San Pedro Pleistocene, with few fossils, of which we collected none. Above this is the upper San Pedro with several horizons filled with fine fossils. We collected several thousand. They were weathered out so that we could obtain fine specimens with but little work, especially under on((e)) ledge. ​at the top of the bluffs is black, soil about 2 feet in depth, containing kitchen middens, chiefly Pecten aequicoststa Pecten aequicoststa. Returned to Long Beach Long Beach, California on the 5:45 train.
Long Beach, Cali. Long Beach, California, June 9,1909 July 9, 1909
Cloudy morning. Arose at 5:30 and Nellie, Dr. Carter and I left on 7:05 a.m. train for Pomona Pomona, California (Salt Lake Route). Reached Los Angeles Los Angeles, California at 8 a.m., left there at 8:35. reached Pomona Pomona, Californiaat 9:35 and were met at depot by John A Kennedy and taken to his home at 720 N Garey St. In Afternoon we all went out in a neighborhood auto.
Pomona, Cali. Pomona, California, July 10, 1909 July 10, 1909
Cloudy morning, soon clearing. Nellie, Dr. carter and I went for a drive ​with Mr. Kennedy. Went through packing house and saw them packing oranges, and through the Cannery and saw them canning and drying apricots. Then Dr. carter went to Mr. Hall's. At 1:18 we took Southern Pacific train for Ontario Ontario, California, Lu and Frank being on board. Harry Jones met us there and drove us to Maud Harris' home 18 mi. E of Ontario Ontario, California, and 7 mi. N of Corona Corona, California.
Ranch W of Ontario, Cali. Ontario, California, July 11, 1909 July 11, 1909
Very dense fog at 6 a.m., nearly clear at 9 a.m. Collected Planorbis trivalvis Planorbis trivalvis, P. parvus Planorbis parvus, Physa sp. Physa Lymnaea bulimnoides Lymnaea bulimnoides ? and Pisidium Pisidium in pond at artesian well. The Lymnaea Lymnaea bulimnoides was found mostly in the mud outside the little streamlet which runs ​through the slough. Harris and Maud brought Frank, Nellie, Laton and I to Ontario Ontario, California for the 5:40 train and Nellie and I reached Long Beach Long Beach, California at 9 p.m., going out on the electric from Los Angeles Los Angeles, California.
Long Beach, Cali. Long Beach, California, July 12, 1909 July 12, 1909
Foggy morning, clearing early. Spent the day in packing 5 boxes of recent and fossil shells.
Long Beach, Cali. Long Beach, California, July 13/09 July 12, 1909
Foggy morning. Most common birds at Long Beach Long Beach, California, are mocking bird Mimus and Brewer blackbird Euphagus cyanocephalus. Least ? tern Sternula antillarum common in mud flats. In harbor are ring billed gulls Larus delawarensis and an occasional pelican Pelecanus. At Portuguese Portuguese Bend ​bend Portuguese Bend saw California quail Callipepla californica and road runners Geococcyx and burrowing owl Athene cunicularia and saw former at Santa Barbara Santa Barbara, California. In Ontario Ontario, California the following:
Western mockingbird Mimidae abundant Ark. flycatcher Ark. flycatcher abundant Cassin flycatcher Muscicapa cassini few Burrowing owl Athene cunicularia abundant California shrike Lanius common Brewer blackbird Euphagus cyanocephalus abundant Black phoebe Sayornis nigricans one House finch Carpodacus mexicanus common Buzzard Buteo common Killdeer Charadrius vociferus common Dove Zenaida macroura Common Meadowlark Sturnella abundant Cliff swallow Petrochelidon pyrrhonota abundant
Collected 3443 specimens at Deadman Isl. Deadman's Island, California And Ontario Ontario, California. Total to date 10, 838
Shipped six boxes early in afternoon to Boulder Boulder, Colorado, by Salt lake and Union Pacific, paying $7.50 freight. ​Later in afternoon Nellie and I went east on beach and collected 470 fossils from base of cliff and also from half way to top. The Tagelus Tagelus all came from upper horizon, also collected 10 recent shells. Total collections to date 11,318.
Long Beach, Cali. Long Beach, California, July 14, 1909 July 14, 1909
Cloudy morning, as usual, Clear before noon. Packed my trunk in forenoon. Went to beach to see Elk national Convention crowd in afternoon.
Long Beach, Cali. Long Beach, California, July 15, 1909 July 15, 1909
Cloudy morning. Nellie and I came to Los Angeles Los Angeles, California on the 10:30 a.m. electric, sending my trunk on the Salt Lake. At L.A. Los Angeles, Californiawe stood on a box and saw part of the Elk's parade, got lunch ​at small restaurant opposite Pacific Electric Station Pacific Electric Station, then I went to Salt Lake Station Salt Lake Station and from there to Frank's house. In evening, we all went to Frank's office in City Hall and saw electric parade of floats on street car tracks. Hot afternoon, cool evening.
Los Angeles, Cali. Los Angeles, California, July 16, 1909 July 16, 1909
I stayed at Franks house until late afternoon, then Frank and I went to Redondo Redondo Beach, California and tried new bath house, returning at 7 p.m.Nellie went with Ina to see parade, and Maud Harris and husband and her mother came back with them. Cloudy morning and evening, bright afternoon. ​
Los Angeles, Cali. Los Angeles, California, July 17, 1909 July 17, 1909
Cloudy morning, clear but hazy at 8 a.m. I called on Louise Thompson Lampshire at here (sic) store on Pico St., then went with her to her home to see her daughter margaret. Afterwards visited Chamber of Commerce builing. Reached house at 12:15. In evening, Nellie, Lucy and I went to Henry's.
Los Angeles, Cali. Los Angeles, California, July 18, 1909 July 18, 1909
Very bright, warm morning, but cool breeze soon sprang up. Frank, Henry, Lucy, Nellie and I went to Glendale Glendale, California on the 10:30 car, dined at Dr. A. L. Bryant's and I spent afternoon looking over R. D. Goss' shell collection. Henry and Frank returned early the rest of us leaving there about 6:30 p.m.

## Boulder to Colorado Mountain Towns

    Boulder to Mountain Towns (Tolland (now a Ghost Town), Newcastle, Meeker, Rifle, etc)
Los Angeles, Cali. Los Angeles, California, July 17, 1909 July 17, 1909
Cloudy morning, clear but hazy at 8 a.m. I called on Louise Thompson Lampshire at here (sic) store on Pico St., then went with her to her home to see her daughter margaret. Afterwards visited Chamber of Commerce builing. Reached house at 12:15. In evening, Nellie, Lucy and I went to Henry's.
Los Angeles, Cali. Los Angeles, California, July 18, 1909 July 18, 1909
Very bright, warm morning, but cool breeze soon sprang up. Frank, Henry, Lucy, Nellie and I went to Glendale Glendale, California on the 10:30 car, dined at Dr. A. L. Bryant's and I spent afternoon looking over R. D. Goss' shell collection. Henry and Frank returned early the rest of us leaving there about 6:30 p.m. ​
Los Angeles, Cali. Los Angeles, California, Monday {{dated}1909-07-19|July 19, 1909}}
Usual fog this morning. Left Los Angeles Los Angeles, California, on Salt Lake Road at 10 a.m., still hazy. Not as warm as I expected in forenoon, but afternoon very bright and hot on desert. T 96+ at 6 p.m.
July 20, 1909 July 20, 1909
Bright morning. For the first time I shaved while train was in motion and with not trouble or cuts. Cool breeze all day. Fine stream and marshes for mollusks etc. , just east of Evans Evans, California. Does not look good for fossils. Red predominates in rocks from Salt Lake Great Salt Lake to Evans Evans, California. and further. The tunnel 50 minutes from Evans Evans, California. (east) occupied 4 1/2 minutes at fair speed. Bluffs, probably Tertiary, ​appeared on both sides before reaching Granger Granger, Wyoming, bounding (sic) the broad shallow valley of a stream. At Green River Green River, Colorado the lower part of bluffs very light colored, darker above and nearly red at top.
Cheyenne, Wyo. Cheyenne, Wyoming Wednesday July 21, 1909 July 21, 1909
Bright morning. Left Cheyenne Cheyenne, Wyomingat 8;35 a.m. Quite warm at noon. Reached Denver Denver, Colorado at 11:35. Felger (?) met me at Depot and we talked over our coming trip as we visited D and R. G. offices. I left for Boulder Boulder, Colorado on 12:30 train. Had Yates take me and my baggage to the museum, where I unpacked my trunk and examine my mail. Then went to Boulderado Hotel Boulderado Hotel, took a bath and dined. Fine rain at 6 p.m. Everything here is ​green and beautiful. I am told that rain has been abundant.
Boulder, Colo Boulder, Colorado, July 22, 1909 July 22, 1909
Quite warm today. I have written a large number of letters, finished packing and shipping our goods to Newcastle, Colo. Newcastle, Colorado, for our trip. Terry Duce called in evening to talk over trip.
Boulder, Colo. Boulder, Colorado, July 23, 1909 July 23, 1909
Cooler. At 1 p.m. there was a terrific thunderstorm. Two or three people drowned and others injured in flood in Two Mile canyon Two Mile Canyon, Colorado. Terry Duce called in evening for final instructions. ​
Boulder, Colo. Boulder, Colorado, July 24, 1909 July 24, 1909
Hot morning, partly cloudy, remaining so through the day. Finished reading Enos a Mills' "Wild Life on the Rockies" Went to Denver Denver, Colorado on 6;30 p.m. interurban, riding in seat with henry Drumm. Went to Albany Hotel Albany Hotel and got a room and retired early.
Denver, Colo. Denver, Colorado, July 25, 1909 July 25, 1909
Arose at 6 a.m. Found W. W. Robbins and mother on 17th St. and took them to breakfast at home dairy. Then went to Union Depot Union Depot and arranged for transfer of Mrs. Robbins baggage, walked to Moffat Depot Moffat Depot and took 8 a.m. train, which was crowded. Bright but comfortable morning. Reached Tolland Tolland, Colorado at 10:15. Dr. Ramaley and I went down gulch a short distance from the mountain laboratory. Tolland is ​8889 ft. above sea level in a fine mountain valley, modified by glacial action. Moraine consists chiefly of granite and gneiss, and have been cut through by South Boulder Creek South Boulder Creek, Colorado. Down creek in forenoon we saw white crowned sparrows, Lincoln sparrows Melospiza lincolnii and Brewer blackbirds Euphagus cyanocephalus, besides a small bird which looked much like a chipping sparrow Spizella passerina. In afternoon, Robbins, Prosser and I went up stream and collected several species of snails Gastropoda under aspens Populus. In evening I identified and labelled the birds collected by Robbins.
Tolland, Col. Tolland, Colorado,July 26, 1909 July 26, 1909
Bright, hot morning, cooler and partly cloudy toward 10 a.m. Arose at 6 a.m. and went down gulch to Rollinsville Rollinsville, Colorado with Ramaley, eating fruit and crackers along the way. The ​moraines end where the gulch narrows below Tolland Tolland, Colorado. White crowned sparrows Zonotrichia leucophrys, hummingbirds Trochilidae and magpies Corvidae common. A few chickadees Poecile. One grayheaded junco Junco hyemalis caniceps at Rollinsville Station Rollinsville, Colorado. A few barn swallows Hirundo rustica and numbers of Brewer blackbirds Euphagus cyanocephalus. At 2 p.m. I lectured at the mountain laboratory Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory on "birds and their relation to man" and at 7 p.m. on "the large mammals of the United States". In latter part of afternoon I helped Rollins pack the collections. Rained hard from 3 to 4 p.m.
Tolland, Colo. Tolland, Colorado, July 27, 1909 July 27, 1909
Bright, cool, windy morning, heavy bank of clouds to the west over the range, soon breaking up. Spent most of forenoon packing up, but collected leeches Annelidae, Crustacea Crustacea and water beetles water beetles for half an hour ​in the lake north of the laboratory. At 2 p.m. lectured at laboratory on birds, including a general account of Colorado birds. At 4:30 Robbins and I went down valley a short distance. At 5:30 there were 15 night hawks hovering over the meadow. At 6 p.m. saw none. Barn swallows Hirundo rustica abundant, violet green less so. At 7 p.m. I lectured at the laboratory on "Glaciers of Colorado, existing and extinct".
Tolland, Colo. Tolland, Colorado, July 28, 1909 July 28, 1909
Bright, fresh, breezy morning. Started for Jenny Lake at 10:15. Robbins and I and Mr. And Mrs. Pennoc and Miss Wollman. Came down gulch on foot. In pond at 10,500 ft collected Pisidia Pisidia and water beetles. On way back ​saw 3 hermit thrushes Catharus guttatus, one young. At Newcomb, 9300 ft., saw 2 red shafted flicker Colaptes auratus and a western robin western robin. At railroad bridge saw a night hawk Chordeilinae at 4:30 flying very high. The country traversed today is heavily glaciated. The Forest lake and the two above it and many others occur in a valley heading in a glacial cirque. Some are rock basins, others morainal. There are rock ridges cutting across the gulch, as at North Boulder North Boulder Gulch and Camp Albion Camp Albion Gulch gulches. That gulch leads into another, which in twin leads into South Boulder Creek South Boulder Creek, Colorado (see map in paper by Ramaley or Robbins). Glaciation extends down South Boulder South Boulder Creek, Colorado to a mile or so below Tolland Tolland, Colorado. Below that we saw no plain evidence of it. Up creek a gulch coming in from the south looks even more heavily glaciated. Perhaps this is because the ​topography is not so much affected by post-glacial erosion. The bird fauna as I have noticed it of this region is as follows: Red shafted flicker Colaptes auratus Brewer blackbird Euphagus cyanocephalus Red naped sapsucker Sphyrapicus nuchalis Barn swallow Hirundo rustica Violet green swallow Tachycineta thalassiana Night hawk Chordeilinae Red wing blackbird Agelaius phoeniceus White crown sparrow Zonotrichia leucophrys Killdeer Charadrius vociferus (Robbins) Golden crowned kinglet Regulus satrapa Pine grosbeak Pinicola enucleator (higher up) Audubon hermit thrush Catharus guttatus (higher up) Chipping sparrow Spizella passerina ? Broadwing hummingbird Trochilidae Gray headed junco Junco hyemalis caniceps- Rollinsville Rollinsville, Colorado to timberline Chickadee Poecile Magpie Magpie ​Dipper Cinclus Mt. Bluebird Sialia Red headed woodpecker Melanerpes erythrocephalus (one specimen) Western meadowlark Sturnella Long crested jay Cyanocitta stelleri Clarke crow Nucifraga columbiana (Robbins) Rocky Mt. Jay Cyanocitta stelleri (specimen thrown away) Yellow warbler Dendroica aestiva (Robbins) Robin Turdus migratorius to timberline
The robins Turdus migratorius I have seen are the western but a specimen taken by Robbins has the white tips of outer tail feather very distinct. In catching the large (1/2 inch long) water beetles water beetles today I noticed that I could not catch them at all by grabbing at them as they rested on the surface of the water, but never failed when I dipped my hand quickly but quietly beneath them and scooped them up. Very few clouds through the day, rather warm , sprinkled a little in evening. ​
Tolland, Colo. Tolland, Colorado, July 29, 1909 July 29, 1909
Warm morning, but partly cloudy. Rained hard during night. At 8:45 Robbins and I started west on the partly completed state road to apex, which climbs the south side of South Boulder canyon South Boulder Canyon, Colorado. Fine view of Boulder Park Boulder Park. The park is a partly filled and partly drained morainal lake, the moraine being just east of the railroad station a few hundred rods, the remnant of the lake being north of the station. A strip of considerable width through the park has been reworked by South Boulder Creek South Boulder Creek, Colorado since the glacier retreated. The terrace is sharply outlined on each side of the present course of the stream, and numerous small lagoons mark the cut-off oxbow loops. The present stream shows a beautiful system of meanders. Along the road a short ​ distance from the village are several deposits of slide rock separated from the main ridge by a shallow depression. . They lie on a steep slope and are apparently the result of rock sliding over a post glacial snow and ice bank for years and stopping at the foot of the ice or snow. The moraine here extends up the slopes several hundred feet. There appears to be a roche moutonee within South Boulder canyon South Boulder Canyon, Colorado. At mouth of Mammoth Gulch Mammoth Gulch the moraine is very deep, perhaps 200 or 300 ft. On each side there is a hummocky lateral moraine. Two long, parallel, narrow ridges extend up gulch for a mile. Between them flows the creek. E of the E ridge is a wet valley in which but little water now flows. To the W of the W ridge is the Teller Lake Teller Lake and its valley. Perhaps the two stream valleys were subglacial stream beds and continued ​ to flow from the end of the retreating glacier. Certainly there must have been considerable post glacial erosion, as the grade of the gulch is steep and the present stream is swift. The whole wide valley is a beautiful example of glacial topography. The glacier headed on E side of James Peak James Peak, Colorado. Teller Lake Teller Lake is morainal, and is very near the mouth of the gulch. At present South Boulder South Boulder Creek, Colorado is the main stream and Mammoth is a tributary. Came down E valley on way back, and followed railroad through cuts which expose gneiss ridges extending out diagonally into the South Boulder valley South Boulder Canyon, apparently the result of fluting by the glacier as in the upper North Boulder canyon North Boulder Canyon. A rough diagram is as follows: ​((Drawing in field book)). Rained hard at 1 p.m. and continued fitfully through afternoon. ​
Tolland, Colo. Tolland, Colorado, July 30, 1909 July 30, 1909
Fine, bright morning, cold at first but soon warming. Had early breakfast. Miss Kirkton left on 7:05 train for her home in Canyon (sic) City Cañon City. After breakfast we finished packing everything which is to be shipped from the laboratory and got outfit to the train by 11:30. Very tired. Miss Bruderlin, Robbins and mother, Miss McKenzie and I left Tolland Tolland, Colorado on 3:56 train for Denver Denver, Colorado. Reached Denver Denver, Colorado at 6 p.m. Felger met us at Moffat depot Moffat depot and helped with baggage to Union depot Union depot where we checked it. The others went to Boulder Boulder, Colorado and I went with Felger to spend the night at his home. ​Page:Field Notes of Junius Henderson, Notebook 3.pdf/53 ​
Denver, Colo. Denver, Colorado, July 31, 1909 July 31, 1909
Bright, warm morning. Felger and I left Denver Denver, Colorado on D & R.G. at 8 a.m. Cloudy with cool breeze most of day. Reached Newcastle Newcastle, Colorado at 11:30 p.m. and went to Albany Hotel Albany Hotel.
Newcastle, Colo. Newcastle, Colorado, Aug 1, 1909 August 1, 1909
Bright, warm morning. Up at 6:30 and found Terry Duce at hotel. ((J. Terry Duce later became a famous oil geologist. He was sent to all parts of the world and while there often collected specimens for us. We have many butterflies butterfly from South America South America that he collected and sent here.)) After breakfast, Felger, Terry and I walked up Elk Creek Elk Creek, Colorado half a mile to the camp of the U. S. Geol. Survey party which is engaged in coal land work under Albert E. Beekley. At W edge of town the end of the Great Hogback has strata dipping about S by W. After noon we circled the big hill north of town, Felger soon turning back. Terry and I going across the valley to the lower Mancos lying along the bluffs. We found dead ​Oreohelix haydeni gobbiana Oreohelix haydeni gobbiana sprinkling the slopes wherever we went, following up to the top of the mesa we found them alive under mountain mahogany Cercocarpus, but not elsewhere. The strata dip approximately S and the angle is 35¡ or 40¡. At top of mesa is a conglomerate composed of boulders up to 18 inches diameter of red sandstone well cemented. Then we followed along the limestone and calcareous shales resembling the Niobrara of Owl Canyon Owl Canyon, Colorado region, and found Inoceramus deformis Inoceramus deformis and Ostrea congesta Ostrea congesta. Proceeding up to the pond on Elk Creek Elk Creek, Colorado above the U. S. G. S. camp and collected Crustacea Crustacea, beetles Coleoptera, etc. and then found Oreohelix cooperi Oreohelix cooperi ? under Populus Populus logs and Pyramidula cockerelli Pyramidula cockerelli. Then visited camp and met Beekley. He said the sandstone forming S face of hill N of town and NE face of hill W of town is base of Mesa Verde formation. ​((Two drawings in note book, one a sketch map of the Newcastle area and one a cross section)) ​Mancos = Benton, Niobrara and lower Pierre
Mesa Verde = upper Pierre and Fox Hills
The lower Mancos shows black shales overlaid by limestone like Benton and Niobrara, the limestone containing Inoceramus deformis and Ostrea congesta Ostrea congesta. Went to M. E. church in evening. W. W. Robbins arrived on the 11:15 train. Sprinkled most of afternoon and until midnight. ​
Newcastle, Colo. Newcastle, Colorado, Aug 2, 1909 August 2, 1909
Bright, hot morning. Robbins and I arose at 6 a.m., got breakfast, got our freight and baggage to liver stable and I unpacked it while Robbins went collecting plants. In afternoon Felger, Robbins, Terry and I followed S side of Grand River Grand River, Colorado down to first gulch - Alkali Gulch Alkali Gulch, Colorado - Robbins for plants, Felger for birds, Terry and I for fossils. The Mesa Verde formation is mostly sandstone, partly massive with some shales or very fine, rather friable sandstones. In Alkali Gulch Alkali Gulch, Colorado, just above a coal vein on the east side, we found many leaves like the Laramie material, in sandstone. This coal vein seems to continue westward to the Keystone Coal Mine Keystone Coal Mine. It has been worked on W side of Alkali Gulch Alkali Gulch, Coloradoand again on ​SE side of river opposite Keystone Mine Keystone Mine. Up Alkali Gulch Alkali Gulch we found a stratum of sandstone strongly impregnated with iron oxide, containing many leaves, and collected a bag full, including fragments of palm Arecaceae leaves. Returned at 4:30. It has been very hot. Nelson from the U.S.G.S camp says magnetic declination here is 15¡35' E.
Newcastle, Colo. Newcastle, Colorado, Aug 3, 1909 August 3, 1909
Bright, cool morning. Had a splendid night's sleep. Got a 3-inch covered wagon and team from Hugh Miller and spent forenoon packing and loading the wagon. Left Newcastle Newcastle, Colorado at 1;30 p.m. Drove up Elk Creek Elk Creek, Colorado to the forks, then a short distance up main fork (west fork) and photographed the conglomerate unconformably overlying upturned edges of Mancos, looking south, and the lower Mancos (= Niobrara l.s.) looking west. The N side of gulch has ​Niobrara l.s. and Benton shale on basal slope of gulch wall, backed by what resembles Dakota sandstone. Back of this are variegated shales, with probable l.s. like Morrison, all underlaid by red beds as east of the range. Far north is a different formation. Niobrara where we photographed it has 70¡ dip SW, strike NW, overlaid by "paper" shales as at Six Mile Six Mile Reservoir, Colorado N of Boulder Boulder, Colorado. The conglomerate over the edges of these formations contains granite, gneiss and red and white s.s. boulders up to 18 inch diameter, quite hard. Mancos shales extend up on slope of south wall, capped by Mesa Verde. At top of Benton in one place I found a shaly sandstone containing plant stems as north of Boulder Boulder, Colorado. Where Elk Creek Elk Creek, Colorado breaks through the "Dakota" we left it and kept on west by north. Here the Dakota extends to base of ​slope of canyon wall. On south wall of canyon, in Mesa Verde formation, coal is burning or has burnt for (sic) Newcastle Newcastle, Colorado at least four miles up Elk Creek Elk Creek, Colorado. We camped a short distance NE of Rifle Gap Rifle Gap State Park, at 7:30 p.m., got to bed a little after ten.
Rifle Gap Rifle Gap State Park, Aug 4, 1909 August 4, 1909
Arose at 6:30. After breakfast Terry and I started down into the Gap on the SE side of creek. Between the first well defined sandstone ledge and the second we found Cardium speciosum Cardium speciosum, Mactra Mactra, Ostrea Ostrea, Anchura Anchura, Lunatia Lunatia and other gastropods Gastropoda in float rock. Immediately above the second ledge we found a fossiliferous stratum 2 or 3 ft. in thickness, dipping S angle 73¡, containing Anomia raeti- Anomia ​formis [?], Corbicula Corbicula, Ostrea Ostrea, and with no Cardium Cardium or gastropods Gastropoda. The first s.s. does not make a ridge on the W side of the gap. Above the next s.s. is a coal vein which has been worked somewhat on both sides of gap. This is overlaid by clay shales, then sandy shales. About 100 ft. above this is a series of burned s.s. and clays which I estimated to be 200 ft. thick, probably metamorphosed by burning of coal veins. This is overlaid by a massive s.s. like the Laramie, which in turn is overlaid by alternating s.s. etc. as below. I notice two more coal openings above this on W side of gap, the uppermost but little below the upper ridge making sandstone ledge. All along the sandy slope we found dead Oreohelix cooperi Oreohelix cooperi, but saw no live ones, though, for ​that matter, I did not look for them. Took one picture looking at the W side of the gap, down stream, another of the lower Mesa Verde on the W side from the E side. Another of the upper fossil outcrop on E side. Reached camp at 1:30 p.m.. Very hot forenoon. Afternoon I cleaned the Oreohelix Oreohelix from Newcastle Newcastle, Colorado and found both species to contain young. Then at 4 p.m. Terry and I visited the very steep slope showing upper Mancos shales and lower Mesa Verde sandstones. I the lower Mesa Verde we found a thick stratum (about 8 inches) filled with fossils, including Baculites Baculites, Bryozoa Bryozoa, Serpula markmani Serpula markmani, Anchura Anchura, et al., but no Cardium Cardium, Mactra Mactra, Callista Callista or Ostrea Ostrea. The three faunas we have found here are very distinct. In this last horizon we also found 2 specimens of Halymenites major Halymenites major and many plant stems, probably marine. Reached camp at 6:30, retired at 9:30 ​ Rifle Gap Rifle, Colorado, Aug 5, 1909 August 5, 1909
Hot bright morning. Up at 6:30, broke camp and started for Pieance (sic) Creek Piceance Creek, Colorado at 8:30. Put on the odometer after travelling one mile by mile post. Saw meadowlarks Sturnella, mourning doves Zenaida macroura, many pinon jays Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus, long crested jays Cyanocitta stelleri, Arkansas flycatchers Tyrranus verticalis, one Louisiana tanager Piranga ludoviciana, rock wren Salpinctes obsoletus. As we passed out of the gap we found sandstones etc, dipping to the S or SW about 10°. These I take for Wasatch. Between these and the Mesa Verde sandstones are varicolored marls which surely are Wasatch. I believe that the entire series from the upper Mesa Verde sandstones to the top of the Book Cliffs Book Cliffs is probably referable to Wasatch. At one point on Government Creek Government Creek, Colorado there appeared to be an unconformity, sandstones resting apparently unconformably on the varicolored. However it seems to be in the axis of a fold and may be faulted. ​The Gov. Cr. Gulch Government Creek, Colorado, instead of approximately following the Mesa Verde - Wasatch contact, slowly passes into the latter. We reached Rio Blanco Stage Station Rio Blanco, Colorado, 3/4 mil from Rio Blanco P.O. Rio Blanco, Colorado ((on)) Piceance Creek Piceance Creek, 20 miles N of Rifle Rifle, Colorado, in Rio Blanco Co. Rio Blanco County, Colorado at 5:15 p.m. and camped, having stopped for an hour shortly after noon to feed the horses., where there was little water for them. Water at Rifle Gap Rifle Gap State Park was very poor, creek water being used from the creek by the ranchers and being affected by irrigation. At Piceance Creek Piceance Creek it was a little better but alkaline.
Rio Blanco, Colo. Rio Blanco, Colorado, Aug 6, 1909 August 6, 1909
It began raining before daylight and still continues. About 10 a.m., after carrying a lot of wood half a mile for camp use, Terry and I started up creek through the gap on Piceance Creek Piceance Creek, circa 1/2 mile E of Rio Blanco P.O. Rio Blanco, Colorado At its mouth is a coarse conglomerate which is likely the base of the Tertiary. Below it lies the usual series of Mesa Verde sandstones, clays and coal. The walking ​through wet weeds and mud was hard, so we did not do much climbing and found no fossils except one Halymenites major Halymenites major, which Terry found at the base of the Mesa Verde. Dips vary somewhat, owing to folds, but in general are westerly, from Rifle Gap Rifle Gap State Park northward. ((This is the west side of the "Grand Hogback", one of the major physiographic features of NW Colorado)) In the gap here above Rio Blanco Rio Blanco, Colorado is a small reservoir, where we collected one leech leech, a lot of small Physa Physa and water bugs water bugs. Under logs we got Zonitoides Zonitoides ? and Euconulus trochiformis Euconulus trochiformis. Dead Oreohelix cooperi Oreohelix cooperi were somewhat common about the scrub oaks Quercus. I found two live ones clinging to the upper surface of rocks beneath oaks Quercus. Red wing blackbirds Agelaius phoeniceus and bluebirds Sialia are common here. Also a large ground squirrel ground squirrel. We returned to camp about 1:30, wet and tired. At 4 p.m. I started up creek again, rain having ceased. Found Oreohelix cooperi Oreohelix cooperi very abundant ​under aspens Populus, etc, crawling about in the moist atmosphere. Under one small alder Alnus I picked up 25 live ones. In the same place under aspen Populus sticks I found Pyramidula Pyramidula, Zonitoides Zonitoides, Vallonia Vallonia, Vitrina Vitrina, Euconulus Euconulus, Thysanophora Thysanophora, Pupilla Pupilla, Vertigo Vertigo (gastropod) and perhaps others and an Agriolimax Agriolimax further up. In creek I found one dead Lymnaea bulimnoides Lymnaea bulimnoides (perhaps variety) and a few dead valves of Pisidium Pisidium which could not be saved. In the reservoir a mile up creek I got Physa sp. Physa The Oreohelix Oreohelix were on slopes of Mesa Verde sandstone, as well as the other land snails. Rained again while I was out. This noon the wind was east. Now it is south and it looks more threatening than ever, so we have ditched about the tent. ​
Rio Blanco, Colo. Rio Blanco, Colorado Aug 7, 1909 August 7, 1909
Rained more toward morning. Broke camp at 8:30 and started north through Rio Blanco, P.O. Rio Blanco, Colorado to Meeker Meeker, Colorado, still cloudy. About 5 miles from camp we saw ravens Corvus and three eagles Accipitridae. It rained soon after noon. Reached Meeker Meeker, Colorado, at about 5 p.m., and camped in a vacant lot in east part of town. We may get put off by the owner, but hope not. Clear and warm the latter part of afternoon. Bluebirds Sialia common here. Saw a few Say phoebes Sayornis saya. On road Brewer sparrows Spizella breweri and lark sparrows Chondestes grammacus were abundant Doves Zenaida macroura numerous here, not so on the road. Saw two more eagles Accipitridae just as we reached the White River White River, Colorado. This river is very muddy, and about 40 to 100 ft. wide now. Good water in town waterworks but somewhat alkaline. We passed ​back from the Wasatch formation to the Mesa Verde long before reaching White River White River, Colorado.
Meeker, Colo. Meeker, Colorado, Aug 8, 1909 August 8, 1909
Rained hard during night. Bright, warm morning. Robbins and I started out at 9 a.m., going up to Flag Creek Flag Creek, Colorado road to cross river to south side. The valley here occupies the upper Mancos formation, with Mesa Verde forming strong bluffs on North side. Dip approximately 15° NW. The Mesa Verde, as usual, is composed mainly of sandstones, with some shales. Several coal veins crop out along the bluffs, at least one of which is being worked. Where we reached the south side of the river a low bluff is composed of shaley sandstone like portions of the Pierre north of Boulder Boulder, Colorado. The south boundary of the valley is not at all abrupt. Proceeding up ​valley we noted two distinct terraces on each side thus: ((drawing in field book)). Did not visit the higher one, but the lower is covered with a cap of boulders, as at Boulder Boulder, Colorado. About 2 miles up the valley on south side the dip in the Mancos shales is a little east of south. There we found in abundance an Ostrea Ostrea and numerous fragments of a large species of an Inoceramus Inoceramus which I cannot recognize. At that point the north slope was strewn with small Oreohelix Oreohelix (dead shells) and under Amelanchier alnifolia Amelanchier alnifolia and Cercocarpus parvifolius Cercocarpus (mt. mahogany) [ed. not C. parvifolius] we found numbers of live ones, mostly under the former, only two or three under the latter. Collected a lot of them, thinking they may be new. Also found under a plank near a ditch a Succinea Succinea and several Agriolimax Agriolimax (small specimens). In the ditches and small overflow sloughs of the river ​Lymnaea palustris Lymnaea palustris and a large Physa Physa are abundant. Collected a few crustaceans in an irrigating ditch. Returned to camp at noon. It has been very hot walking. Had fried chicken and lemonade for dinner. In late afternoon I turned over a few logs in a pasture near camp and collected a few Euconulus Euconulus, Pyramidula Pyramidula, Zonitoides Zonitoides and one Agriolimax Agriolimax. Vallonia Vallonia not found abundantly on this trip yet, as in eastern foothills of Colorado. At 8 p.m. we had another hard rain, with strong east wind. A storm worked eastward to the south of us earlier in the evening and another worked toward us from the southwest. I believe this latter is the one that struck us but I am not sure.
Meeker, Colo. Meeker, Colorado, Aug. 9, 1909 August 9, 1909
Cloudy morning, and rather sultry. Robbins started out at 8 a.m. to collect plants. Terry went with him to look for ​fossils in the Mesa Verde sandstone bluffs north of town and I stayed in camp to wash dishes etc., as Felger wished to collect birds and mammals. About 9 a.m. W. A. Kyser (sic), who lives across the street from camp and teaches some nearby school, and J. L. Riland, editor of one of the Meeker papers and superintendent of schools, called and spent an hour. They are very pleasant gentlemen and the latter offered to supply me with specimens of vanadium, uranium etc from this region. Later Mr. Burnham, who lives 3 miles out of town, called and told us of a fossil locality on east slope of Cedar Ridge Cedar Ridge, Colorado, about 4 miles east of town. After dinner Mr. Keyser hitched up his horse and took terry and me up there. The ridge is a dome fold Meeker Dome ((Meeker Dome)), bringing the Dakota up and exposing it by the denudation of the overlying Mancos. In one place ​a gulch exposes Jurassic strata. To the east and west are Mancos shales. The basal Mancos on the east is composed of hard black shales, with a sandstone above containing numerous plant stems. In it I found several poorly preserved Inoceramus dissimilis Inoceramus dissimilis and some unrecognizable Ostrea Ostrea. Returned at 5:13 p.m. At about 2 p.m. it rained in camp, and sprinkled where we were, the rain coming from the southwest. Mr. Pratt, a guide, called at camp in late afternoon. Up the river I saw in addition to the usual birds, one Say phoebe Sayornis saya, and 16 ravens Corvus in one flock. In camp, later, saw six nighthawks Chordeilinae. Felger took a Lewis woodpecker Melanerpes lewis. White tailed prairie dog Cynomys leucurus common from the divide south of Piceance Creek Piceance Creek to Meeker Meeker, Colorado. Arkansas kingbird Tyrranus verticalis also common, but have seen few here. After supper Robbins and I went to barber shop and got baths, and I had my hair cut. ​
Meeker, Colo. Meeker, Colorado, Aug. 10, 1909 August 10, 1909
Rained again during night, but bright and warm this morning. At 8 a.m. I started to the bluffs north of town alone. Stopped at the Review office to see editor J. L. Riland. He gave me specimens of alleged brown and black gilsonite from Piceance Creek Piceance Creek, 30 or 40 miles SW of Meeker Meeker, Colorado, and uranium and vanadium impregnated sandstone from Coal Creek Coal Creek, Colorado, 16 miles NE of Meeker Meeker, Colorado. I noted two brick kilns starting west of the school house, a few hundred yards from the base of the bluffs. They are using surface clay, which is probably upper Mancos decomposed. Have made few bird notes because ​Felger is doing the bird work for the trip. I note the absence of house finches Carpodacus mexicanus and lack of abundance of red wing blackbirds Agelaius phoeniceus. Every where bluebirds (S. arctica) Sialia have been common. Pinon jays Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus are abundant locally. A few magpies magpie occasionally. Went up the basal slope of the bluffs about half way from school house to the canyon west of it ? northwest of school house. A little ways up the slope "float" appeared containing fossils. Followed it up nearly to first distinct sandstone. It comes from calcareous (?see) concretions in the transition beds from the Mancos to the Mesa Verde. I collected two bags full and returned to camp at 12:20. In afternoon Felger and Robbins went with me, and we got two more bags full. The lot includes Baculites ovatus Baculites ovatus, B. compressus? Baculites compressus, Inoceramus barabini Inoceramus barabini, I. sagensis Inoceramus sagensis, and others, Sphaeriola cordata Sphaeriola cordata, Placenticeras sp. Placenticeras, Ostrea sp. Ostrea, Panopaea Panopaea berthoudi ​berthoudi Panopaea berthoudi (?), Goniomya americana Goniomya americana, Thracia gracilis Thracia gracilis, Scaphites sp. Scaphites, Mytilus (?) sp. Mytilus, Avicula nebrascana Avicula nebrascana (?), A. sp. Avicula, Pecten sp. Pecten, Cardium speciosum Cardium speciosum and several other species with which I am not familiar. Did not rain today, but threatened about noon. Perfectly clear at bedtime.
Meeker, Colo. Meeker, Colorado, Aug 11, 1909 August 11, 1909
Cloudy, soon clearing and hot. Mr. Kyser hitched up and took Terry and me down the river, where we met W. D. Blythe at his house. He had a fine Indian vessel found a few hundred yards east of his house at foot of cliff ((outline drawing of vessel in notebook)). Gave us a palm Arecaceae and some other leaves and showed us two horizons. The lower one, about 150 yards E of house, was clay next to (below) sand​sandstone, contained leaves, and palm Arecaceae was from there. This is at least 300-400 feet above the other horizon. The next higher ridge is conglomerate, about 150 yds west, probably Wasatch. Going up gulch (north by east) we found, on east face of escarpment, Corbicula cleburni Corbicula cleburni, Ostrea glabra Ostrea glabra, Melania Melania etc. and a razor shell Ensis arcuatus. Above this was larger Corbicula Corbicula. This is 200 or 300 feet below the lower leaf horizon. Then we crossed to the south side, but did not find the fossil locality of which Gale wrote. On the hill south of the river and east of Meeker-Rifle stage road Meeker-Rifle stage road I found a small form of Oreohelix cooperi Oreohelix cooperi in abundance (dead shells) among scrub oaks Quercus, Amelanchier Amelanchier and mt. mahogany Cercocarpus. Did not look for live ones. We collected 3 lizards lizards during the day. Reached camp at 5 p.m. and packed a box of fossils for shipment. ​
Meeker, Colo. Meeker, Colorado, Aug 12, 1909 August 12, 1909
Bright hot morning Terry and I started north on foot about 8:30, Felger and Robbins going around through town with the wagons to leave the boxes which are to be shipped. Visited the low shaley sandstone ridge which starts NE of town and runs NE. It resembles portions of the Hygiene sandstone north of Boulder Boulder, Colorado. It appears to be near the middle of the Mancos formation. Coming north we found the white tailed prairie dog Cynomys leucurus, large ground squirrel Sciuridae and woodchucks Marmota monax abundant. Robins Turdus migratorius not very common. Say phoebe Sayornis saya occasional. Camped just above ranch about 3 or 4 miles south of Axial P.O. Axial, Colorado about 6 p.m. Water bad. Collected woodchucks Marmota monax, prairie dogs Cynomys leucurus, and ground squirrels Sciuridae.
Axial, Colo., Aug. 13, 1909
Hot, bright morning. Terry and I walked down gulch to Axial P.O., 2 3/4 ​miles from camp. Road is about N-S. Axial Axial, Colorado is at base of Mesa Verde formation. There is a coal mine just below our camp on west side of gulch. At Axial P.O. Axial, Colorado dip 27¡ SW. The oak scrub Quercus covers north facing slopes, opposite slopes barren. No large trees about here. Then we went upstream above camp. Oreohelix cooperi Oreohelix cooperi (large form) abundant on slopes covered by oak scrub Quercus and mt. mahogany Cercocarpus. No Amelanchier Amelanchier (but found Amelanchier higher on slope). Only dead shells seen. Did not look for live ones. Three miles S of Axial Axial, Colorado found on E side of gulch a two foot ledge of black limestone composed almost entirely of Ostrea glabra Ostrea glabra and Anomia micronema Anomia micronema. Opposite, on west side of gulch, found same stratum, half way up the hillside. Did not find Tulotoma thompsoni Tulotoma thompsoni which Stanton said occur here, but the bluff where they likely occur has been badly washed by recent storms. Returned to camp at 2 p.m. ​Has been nearly clear and hot all day. After supper Felger and Robbins rode down to the postoffice on horseback, without saddles. Robins Turdus migratorius more common here. Saw the following today. Golden eagle Aquila chrysaetos, Swainson ? hawk Buteo swainsoni, sparrow hawk Accipiter, White throated swift Aeronautes saxatalis ? (yesterday), rock wren Salpinctes obsoletus common, house wren Troglodytes aedon, Brewer blackbird Euphagus cyanocephalus, Meadowlark Sturnella, mourning dove Zenaida macroura common, American goldfinch Carduelis tristis 2, robin Turdus migratorius common, Arkansas goldfinch Carduelis psaltria, Arkansas flycatcher Tyrannus verticalis, cliff swallow Petrochelidon pyrrhonota. Evening quite cool.
Axial, Colo. Axial, Colorado, Aug 14, 1909 August 14, 1909
Another bright, hot morning. Arose at 6:30. Robbins and I finished poisoning the prairie dog Cynomys leucurus and spermophile skins taken the 12th. Broke camp at 11 a.m. and started to Meeker Meeker, Colorado, Felger having sprained ​his wrist last night by a fall in mounting one of the horses bareback. Robbins shot at a badger Taxidea taxus a mile this side of camp but he got into his hole. A half mile north of the stage station which is just north of the divide at Nine Mile Draw Nine Mile Draw Felger killed one. A mile north of camp we collected some fossil Corbicula Corbicula. Where Felger killed the badger Taxidea taxus I collected Oreohelix cooperi Oreohelix cooperi, Vitrina alaskana Vitrina alaskana, Vallonia sp Vallonia. We lunched and fed horses at stage station at 2 p.m.. Started on at 2:45. Crossed the divide or pass from Spring Creek Spring Creek, Colorado to Curtis Creek Curtis Creek, Colorado at 3:04. Just before crossing Felger killed a spotted spermophile Spermophilus. At reservoir about seven miles from Meeker Meeker, Colorado, Felger killed a prairie dog Cynomys leucurus without the white tail, just where he killed the one on the 12th . We reached Meeker Meeker, Colorado at 6:15, got supper of beefsteak, bread and butter and coffee, then skinned the badger Taxidea taxus roughly. Not so cool ​as last night. Got to bed about 10:30 p.m.
Meeker Colo. Meeker, Colorado, Aug. 15, 1909 August 15, 1909
Got up late. Bright and hot until 3 p.m., then cooler and sprinkled. In forenoon we finished putting up the badger Taxidea taxus skin. In Afternoon Robbins worked on prairie dog Cynomys leucurus and squirrel Sciuridae skins. We also aired all the bedding. For dinner we had beef pot roast, dumplings and brown potatoes. Pretty "swell" for camp life. ​Page:Field Notes of Junius Henderson, Notebook 3.pdf/83 ​
Meeker, Colo. Meeker, Colorado, Aug. 16, 1909 August 16, 1909
Sprinkled considerably during the night, but was unusually warm. Bright, hot morning. While Felger and Robbins finished putting up the mammal skins, I went up town and ordered supplies. In afternoon Robbins, Felger and I drove up town to the Review office with our specimens, got the boxes we had stored there before going to Axial Axial, Colorado, packed and shipped them. We sent one big box of mammals and birds, one of plants, and one of mollusks etc. by express and two boxes and a keg of fossils by freight, the stage company taking all to Rifle Rifle, Colorado and shipping from there to Boulder Boulder, Colorado. Then Felger and I sharpened axes, knives, scalpels etc. at a blacksmith shop. After that I called on Mr. Lytle ( pronounced Little), editor ​of the Herald, who is a member of the University Advisory Board and a former member of the legislature. Upon return to camp, I found Austin Russell and Miram Bone, of Boulder Boulder, Colorado, in the tent. After supper we got most of the load repacked. It began sprinkling just before dark. It also rained when we were taking the stuff up town for shipment.
Meeker, Colo. Meeker, Colorado, Aug. 17, 1909 August 17, 1909
Sprinkled considerable during night. Cloudy morning, soon clearing. Started east at 9. a. m. on river road, crossing south end of dome where Dakota and Jurassic are exposed. The river debris on the terraces contains much sandstone, some granite and considerable igneous rock. Three miles east of town I collected Pisidium Pisidium from a ditch by the roadside and half ​ a mile further collected a very large water beetle water beetle, a small snake snake, and some tiny fish fry. About five miles from town we collected Lymnaea sp. Lymnaea in small ditches by the roadside. At the stone school house, where the river road turns south, we continued east for 2 or 3 miles, and camped on a small creek. A mere rivulet. At 2 p.m. after a hasty lunch we raised the tent, then Felger, Robbins and Terry started out after sage grouse Centrocercus urophasianus, while I stayed behind to get camp ready for the night. I found small wood in abundance a short distance down the creek. It was sprinkling when the others started out and rained considerably during the afternoon. Creek rose rapidly from heavy rain up stream. We got water from an open well at a ranch house. At dusk ​the men returned with four sage grouse Centrocercus urophasianus. Still partly cloudy at 9 p.m. Birds seen today, as far as I can recall: Meadowlark Sturnella common, Golden eagle Aquila chrysaetos common(7), mt, bluebird Sialia abundant, young bobolink Dolichonyx oryzivorus 2 ((? by PR, bobolinks rarely get west of Yuma County)), lark bunting Calamospiza melanocorys 3, mourning dove Zenaida macroura common, English sparrow Passer domesticus, Brewer blackbird Euphagus cyanocephalus, sparrow hawk Accipiter, barn swallow Hirundo rustica, solitary sandpiper Tringa solitaria, lark sparrow Chondestes grammacus, vesper sparrow Pooecetes gramineus, Brewer sparrow Spizella breweri, killdeer Charadrius vociferus, ravens Corvus. Our camp is on Little Beaver Creek Little Beaver Creek, Colorado, near John Quinton's house.
Little Beaver Creek, Colo. Little Beaver Creek, Colorado, Aug. 18, 1909 August 18, 1909
Partly cloudy morning, sprinkling at breakfast time, but hot during later forenoon. I skinned the worst shot of the sage grouse Centrocercus urophasianus, a young chicken. At noon terry and I started south ​on foot. It began to sprinkle just after we started. At foot of S side of valley we found gully cutting black Mancos shale. Collected an Inoceramus deformis Inoceramus deformis and a number of I. dissimilis Inoceramus dissimilis (?). At top of low ridge and forming its slope is a sandstone containing many plant stems, apparently seaweeds, a few indeterminable Inoceramus Inoceramus and Ostrea Ostrea. Beneath is are black shales again, so the sandstone forms an escarpment thus: ((drawing in field book)). I did not go to the higher ridge marked A, so am not certain of its character. On the ridge saw a poorwill Phalaenoptilus nuttallii. Flushed it several times. It rained most of the time on the ridge. At foot of ridge on way ​up we saw many dead snail shells, but none alive, on base of slope, where the black shales underlaid the surface. On the way back it was raining and live ones were crawling about by hundreds, under many kinds of bushes including sage brush Artemisia, rabbit brush rabbitbrush, scrub oak scrub oak and a small sour apple. Apparently Oreohelix gabbiana Oreohelix gabbiana and O. cooperi Oreohelix cooperi are mingled, the former predominating, if I am correct in assigning all without the red spiral line to that species. As many as 25 could be found under a bush two feet in diameter and the same in height. There were about as many under the sage brush Artemisia as anywhere. Up the slope on the sandstone there were none seen by us, either dead or alive. Returned to campo at 5 p.m. quite wet and tired. At camp saw nighthawks Chordeilinae and killdeer Charadrius vociferus. The channels cut in the lower Mancos shales just above the sandstone, where we found the ​ fossil Inoceramus Inoceramus south of camp is up to 10 ft. deep and very narrow, so narrow in places as to make very difficult walking and sides too nearly vertical to be scaled. Little Beaver Creek Little Beaver Creek, Colorado below camp has a channel about 8 feet deep and same width at top, about 2 feet to 4 ft. wide at bottom, and cannot be seen until close to it. Small wallows along its banks furnished our firewood. Lack of igneous and granite boulders in the stream debris is noticeable, showing that the stream flows only through sedimentaries. Upon reflection I am sure th upper sandstone horizon underlaid by black shales is the same one we searched at the dome Meeker Dome east of Meeker Meeker, Colorado a week or more ago, and is lower Mancos. ​
Little Beaver Creek, Colo. Little Beaver Creek, Colorado Aug 19, 1909 August 19, 1909, Thursday
Broke camp at 10:45 a.m., drove back to stone school house 5 miles east of Meeker Meeker, Colorado, then turned southeast up White River. Saw a few lark buntings Calamospiza melanocorys east of school house. Partly cloudy. Where we camped there were no trees but scrub willows Salix. When we entered the canyon we found narrow leafed cottonwoods Populus angustifolia etc. in the bottom lands cedar cedar and scrub oaks scrub oak on canyon slopes. Dakota formation forms escarpment on south side of river, sandstone at top. Found greenish hard shales or fine grained sandstone as at dome east of Meeker Meeker, Colorado- possible Jurassic or maybe medial Dakota (?). Typical Morrison limestones, sandstones and greenish and maroon shales lie ​ beneath the escarpment and rest upon reddish, thinbedded, crossbedded sandstones resembling the Lyons sandstones of southern Larimer County Larimer County, but likely of later age. The river just within the canyon occupies the valley back of the Dakota escarpment. Dips here are approximately north (N by NW perhaps). Dips from Piceance Creek Piceance Creek to here are thus: ((drawing in field book)). Collected Vallonia Vallonia, Pupilla Pupilla, Vitrina Vitrina and Pyramidula Pyramidula 10 miles from Meeker Meeker, Colorado, just within the canyon a mile or two. This is the first place I have found Vallonia Vallonia common on the trip, I believe. We soon passed into the red beds. The ​grade of the canyon being less than the dip of the strata, we got rapidly into lower strata. Below the sandstone which is mentioned above and which may be the equivalent of the top of the Lykins formation in Larimer County Larimer County (( probably State Bridge Formation)), are typical "red beds", deep red sandstones and shales exactly like the Lykins north of Boulder Boulder, Colorado (( probably Maroon Formation)). Exposures, as usual, are much better on north side of canyon on account of vegetation covering the slopes on the ((other)) side. There is much oak scrub scrub oak on the slopes. At 2:30 we fed the horses and lunched 12 miles above Meeker Meeker, Colorado. Rained from 1 to 2:15 p.m. Roads muddy. Continued on to Buford P.O. Buford, Colorado, just above the forks of White River White River, Colorado, on the North Fork, about a mile above the forks, 24 miles from Meeker Meeker, Colorado. , reaching there at 7 p.m. We crossed the river about two miles down, then crossed the South Fork, which was fortunate, at ((as?)) the P.O. is on the south side of the North Fork and the bridge is out over the latter. We came up ​all the way on the south side. Vegetation much more varied than below. Found blue Picea pungens and Engelmann spruce Picea engelmannii several miles down. Quaking aspens Populus tremuloides abundant on south side of canyon, north side nearly treeless, cedars cedar having nearly disappeared below. Upon reaching the P.O. Robbins received a letter announcing the serious illness of his mother. Postmaster's name is J. R. Bartlett, from Vermont. Alt 7200 ft.
Buford, Colo. Buford, Colorado, Friday, Aug 20/09 August 20, 1909
Clear cold morning. Robbins and I arose at 5:30 and got our breakfast of bacon, pancakes and coffee. I went down gulch and collected Vallonia Vallonia, Pupilla Pupilla, Vitrina Vitrina, Euconulus Euconulus and Oreohelix cooperi Oreohelix cooperi in aspen Populus tremuloides groves. Found one Planorbis exacuous Planorbis exacuous and some unknown bivalve in a small natural pond (probably cut-off ox-bow loop) down stream where we saw ducks last ​evening as we drove in. Saw one red shafted flicker Colaptes auratus, one Arkansas flycatcher Tyrannus verticalis, one green tailed towhee Pipilo chlorurus, a lot of Brewer sparrows Spizella breweri, Brewer blackbirds Euphagus cyanocephalus and cliff swallows Petrochelidon pyrrhonota. Robbins left on horseback at noon for Newcastle Newcastle, Colorado, 40 miles distant, to catch the train and return to Boulder Boulder, Colorado on account of his mother's illness, having failed in his effort to get telephonic or telegraphic communication. Terry and Robbins caught 3 trout this forenoon and Felger put up bird skins. Felger is now (4:45) out hunting. At 6 p.m. he came in with a lot of doves Zenaida macroura and I cooked a trout supper. It has been a beautiful day. Threatening rain for a while in afternoon but not raining here. Mosquitoes are bad here. At dusk we set 3 traps for field mice, baiting with biscuit. ​
Buford, Colo. Buford, Colorado, Saturday Aug 21, 1909 August 21, 1909
Partly cloudy morning. Up at 7 a.m. Found 2 mice in traps. Set Terry to collecting plants in Robbins' place. I put up the mice while Felger put up birds. At noon it rained hard and hailed for a long time and continued to drizzle for most of the afternoon. At 4 p.m. we had dinner consisting chiefly of nine mourning doves, a real treat. I boiled and washed a large number of dish cloths and towels in the afternoon. Have had wet boots all afternoon from wading in the weeds in search of dry wood. Cut down 2 dead trees. At six p.m. Felger and I set 8 traps. I found a number of Succinea sp. Succinea on logs at the water's edge, and a single Aplexa hyperorum Aplexa hyperorum in the water of a small channel of ​the river. The river here, as below, forms numerous islands. After dark it cleared rapidly from the west and at 8 p.m. there was only a small cloud up river.
Buford, Colo. Buford, Colorado Sunday Aug, 22, 1909 August 22, 1909
Bright morning, Two mice in traps, and tail of another. One was in the wet grass by the river side, the other under some bushes as the two yesterday, in a sage brush sage brush patch in the alfalfa alfalfa field. Growth of vegetation on north slopes and irrigated meadows here is rank and profuse. I collected lots of Pupillidae Pupillidae, one Vallonia Vallonia and some Oreohelix cooperi Oreohelix cooperi in aspens Populus tremuloides, having lost the bottle collected Friday. On return to camp found Joseph Hatsfield, a prospector, a friend of Mr. Riland, waiting to see me. Mr. Collins, foreman of the K-T summer camp, also called ​in afternoon. I collected a lot of Pyramidula Pyramidula, a few Vallonia Vallonia, and Euconulus Euconulus, and Zonitoides Zonitoides in a narrow leafed cottonwood Populus angustifolia grove along the river bottom opposite camp. Then spent balance of afternoon lounging around and writing postal cards. Perfectly clear and quite chilly this evening. Cumulus clouds were hanging about all day.
Buford, Colo. Buford, Colorado, Aug. 23, 1909 August 23, 1909
A bright morning. I went down to stream with Felger and took three pictures- one looking up North Fork over the post office, one looking across the river and up South Fork, the third looking down the gulch at the forks of the stream. Felger shot a red tailed hawk Buteo jamaicensis and it dropped a big chipmunk Tamias, which I secured ​and skinned. I also prepared 5 skins of mice- two species. It sprinkled at times during the afternoon and as we are finishing our evening's work (except cleaning guns and loading plate holders). At 10:45 it is very dark and cloudy.
Buford, Colo. Buford, Colorado, Aug. 24, 1909 August 24, 1909.
It rained and sprinkled at intervals through the night. Partly clear at daylight. Arose at 6:30. We left all our specimens except some plants not yet dry at the post office, and forded the North Fork of the river at 10 a.m. and started up stream. Road good, but very hilly. Kept north side of river to Patterson's ranch Patterson's ranch, about seven miles above Buford Buford, Colorado, where we crossed Fawn Creek Fawn Creek, Coloradoand camped at 12:15 for lunch and to feed horses. Continued at 1:15 about half mile up on north side and crossed to south side. At Fitzgerald's we left the river and turned ​southeast up Marvine Creek Marvine Creek, Colorado, calling on Fitzgerald. Simpson lives just below on the river. Continued up south side of Marvine Creek Marvine Creek, Colorado to Marvine Lodge Marvine Lodge and camped just above the lodge at 3:50. Rube Ball, who has it (the lodge) leased as a fish hatchery had just left yesterday and Mr. Billy Green was in charge. The narrow leafed cottonwood Populus angustifolia continued nearly to Fitzgerald's I believe. Silver Picea and Douglass spruces Pseudotsuga menziesii were common for some distance below, increasing in numbers along the river bottoms and mingled with aspens Populus on the north slopes (south side). Aspens Populusabundant all along on north slopes and for last few miles abundant on north slopes (sic). Several holes look like glacial topography, but saw no other evidence. Developed Robbins negatives in evening. Got to be at 9:45. Clear most of day and tonight. ​((Sketch map in field book of White River from Meeker to Marvine Creek)) ​
Marvine Lodge Marvine Lodge, Colo., Aug 25, 1909 August 25, 1909
Lost my fountain pen, so must use lead pencil for balance of trip. A beautiful morning. We got saddles for our horses and an extra saddle horse at the lodge and started up the creek at 9:55. Just above camp are two depressions which must be of glacial origin. The large is about 50 feet wide and 20 feet deep, nearly circular. Proceeding up gulch such depressions become more common and soon the typical hummocky topography of glaciated regions is found. Most of the depressions are dry. The stream and glacial debris is all volcanic, a dark colored lava, weathering gray, containing many zeolites, surface of many boulders pitted by solution of the zeolites. The road ends about a mile up ​ the gulch, and a well travelled trail continues, passing in places over fallen timber. A mile and a half or two miles up above camp we found an enclosed lakelet about 150 feet long and 100 feet wide. Collected Lymnaea palustris Lymnaea palustris, Valvata sp. Valvata, 2 Planorbis cf. trivolvis Planorbis trivolvis and water bugs water bugs. At Slide Lake Slide Lake, about five miles above camp we found trout trout and water snakes Nerodia sipedon of the species collected down stream. That must be about 8000 feet above sea level. This lake is distinctly morainal. Lower Marvine Lake Lower Marvine Lake is three miles further up and much larger. We did not visit the upper lake. These lakes are situated between cliffs of lava probably 700 or 800 feet high. Felger and Terry fished. I started down stream, collected land snails land snails under aspens Populus. Just below Slide Slide Lake I found a lot of dead Oreohelix cooperi Oreohelix cooperi and one live one. Reached camp at 6 p.m. Felger and Terry ​came in at 7 p.m. with 7 good sized trout trout which we had for supper. I set 10 traps- 6 mice traps and 4 steel traps. This has been a delightful day. Cold evening.
Marvine Lodge Marvine Lodge, Colo., Thursday, Aug. 26, 1909 August 26, 1909
A beautiful morning. Caught two mice mouse and a little chipmunk Tamias. G. W. Smart, an old trapper, who has charge of the fish hatchery, called at camp this morning. Felger collected several caddis larvae cases made of Valvata Valvata shells in the pond where we collected Valvata Valvata yesterday. About 11 a.m. found a shrew Soricidae in one mouse mouse trap and a big chipmunk Tamias in a steel trap. I mounted the latter and a pine squirrel Tamiasciurus taken by Felger and Felger prepared the others. In evening Green ​gave us 11 fine trout, which we had for supper, and used the heads for bait for the four mink Neovison vison traps which Felger set. Fine day. Not so cool this evening.
Marvine Lodge, Colo., Friday, Aug 27, 1909
A mink Neovison vison in fine pelage in one trap, a shrew Soricidae and three mice mouse in the mouse traps. Cloudy morning. Felger and Green left at 11 a.m. on horseback with pack horses for a three day elk Cervus canadensis hunt. I prepared mink Neovison vison and shrew Soricidae skin. At noon it began to rain and rained considerably throughout the afternoon. Cloudy and threatening at bedtime.
Marvine Lodge Marvine Lodge, Colo., Saturday Aug. 28, 1909 August 28, 1909
Fine, bright morning. One steel trap sprung and dragged but nothing in it. Bait gone from all of them. ​Only one large-eared mouse mouse and a chipmunk Tamias in the mouse traps. Terry shot two chipmunks Tamias. I skinned one and we made rough skeleton of the other and the mouse mouse and placed them on an anthill for the ants Formicidae to clean. Terry caught a trout trout and rebaited one mink Neovison vison trap and I rebaited the mouse traps with corn meal mush except one, which I baited with chipmunk Tamias meat. Tried to find the woodchuck Marmota monax which Terry saw yesterday, but failed. Smart also reported one below the cabins. Felger came into camp at 6:45 and left again at once. Brought Oreohelix Oreohelix, Vitrina Vitrina, Zonitoides Zonitoides, Pyramidula Pyramidula and Thysanophora Thysanophora. Partly cloudy afternoon and evening. ​
Marvine Lodge Marvine Lodge, Aug 29, 1909 August 29, 1909
Fine mink Neovison vison in one of the steel traps this morning and a field mouse field mouse in a mouse trap ? latter baited with corn meal mush. In late afternoon I found a very small shrew shrew in another, also baited with mush. He was caught head in as if eating the bait. Partly cloudy all day. Felger returned at supper time without any game.
Marvine Lodge Marvine Lodge, Colo., Monday Aug 30, 1909 August 30, 1909
Three mice mouse in traps, the red backed one in one steel trap. We packed up and broke camp at 10:50 and drove to James Fitzgerald's Fitzgerald's, where we got three saddles and a saddle horse and started up river to Sam T. B. Hines' Hines' ​Topography glacial. At mouth of Marvine Creek Marvine Creek we found red sandstones which continued their exposures for 10 or 12 miles up river on south bank. Reached dense pine Pinus forests on south side of river about one or two miles below Hines' place, but quaking aspens Populus tremuloides etc. principal trees on north side. The last three miles or so we have seen no more sandstone and the glacial debris is all lava as in Marvine Creek Marvine Creek, Colorado. Reached Hines' place Hines' at 4:05 p.m. about 15 miles above Fitzgerald's Fitzgerald's, it is said. Dense pine Pinus timber comes down to south side of canyon to the bottom of the slope and ends abruptly. Scant tree growth on north side. Vegetation indicates about ​9000 feet, I should say. Includes blue gentians Gentiana so common at Silver Lake Silver Lake, Clorado , yarrow Achellea millefolium, bright light red elder berries Sambucus, dwarf willows Salix herbacea etc. Hines says altitude is 8,500. Met a Mr. Buckingham and father, of Tennessee Tennessee, who comes here often. I collected a few Oreohelix cooperi Oreohelix cooperi in aspens aspens back of our tent, all dead- one so recently dead as to smell bad and containing a lot of dead young shells. Got accommodation for the nigh in a tent house and meals at Hines' boarding-house Hines'. Saw a few red sandstone fragments in the debris on the north side of the river. The lava above here at Marvine Lakes Marvine Lake, Colorado, is distinctly stratified, with variously colored strata in the walls, red predominating. ​
Trapper's Lake, Colo. Trappers Lake, Colorado Aug. 31, 1909 August 31, 1909
Up at 6 a.m. Breakfasted at Sam Hines boarding house Hines'. Took picture of lodge. Partly cloudy, rained during night. Started for the lake, six miles up, at 8:15 a.m. Trail good for a mile or two, then steep, rocky and muddy, showing rains of last night. Glaciation more prominent as we advanced. Lava walls of canyon same as at Lake Marvine Lake Marvine. About a mile or two below the lake we found a swamp containing great quantities of dead Pisidium sp. Pisidium, and Lymnaea bulimnoides Lymnaea bulimnoides, Planorbis parvus Planorbis parvus, and a larger Lymnaea Lymnaea but found none alive except a very few Pisidium Pisidium. Further up a small lakelet contained a Lymnaea resembling L.palustris Lymnaea palustris , but much ​shorter spire and Pisidium Pisidium, the latter largely composing a few caddis caddisfly larvae cases. Oreohelix cooperi Oreohelix cooperi we found all the way up, including even in patches of pure pine Pinus forest. Reached the lake at about 11 a.m., took some pictures and collected plants and conies. It began to rain as we were ready to start back, There were snow banks in sight at various places. Reached Sam Hines' Hines' at 1:50 and reached our camp at Fitzgerald's Fitzgerald's about 5 p.m., very tired and wet. Rained all afternoon until we were nearly in camp. Col. Montgomery, of Meeker Meeker, Colorado, called at camp. He was up after fish from the hatchery. Partly clear at bedtime. Just above camp the aspens aspen come to the base of the slope on the south side of the river and end abruptly, giving way to the age brush terrace just as the ​pine Pinus forests do up the river. That feature characterizes the river from Marvine Creek Marvine Creek, Colorado to Hines' Hines'.
Fitzgerald's Fitzgerald's, Wednesday, Sept. 1, 1909
Arose at 5:30 and got breakfast for Felger, who started at 6:40 with Daniel Frost, for deer deer. Cloudy. After getting my own breakfast I began skinning mammals mammal and worked at it steadily from 8 a.m. to 8 p.m., stopping only to eat dinner at 1 p.m. I prepared 5 cony pika ((pika)) skins and one rat rat. The latter was caught by Billy Green at Marvine Lodge Marvine Lodge. Terry put up a big field mouse field mouse caught by a cat cat near camp. She also caught a shrew shrew but it was too badly mutilated to keep. ​At dark it was clear. Frank Hayes, a Glenwood Springs Glenwood Springs, Colorado taxidermist, and Mr. Hatcher, a former student under me in the law school, called at the camp just before dark. At 10 o'clock Felger and Frost had not returned, so Terry and I went to bed.
Fitzgerald's Fitzgerald's. Sept. 2, 1909 September 2, 1909
Cloudy morning. Felger and Frost reached camp at 12:30, having killed an elk Cervus canadensis cow and her calf. They brought in the hides, skulls and part of the meat. Walking, and packing the stuff on horses. I got up and made coffee and fried some potatoes. Got to bed again at 2 a.m. Arose at 6 and got breakfast of {{taxon|Cervus canadensis|elk liver, pancakes and coffee. Felger and Frost started at 8:15 horseback with two pack horse after the elk meat, accompanied by Mr. Thatcher. I employed Mr. Hayes ​to clean and prepare the skins, while I put up two rodent Rodentia skins which Felger had skinned out at Marvine Lodge Marvine Lodge, and then after taking pictures, began repacking our load. Felger and Frost arrived at 4:30 p.m. with the meat. We got supper, packed the meat and at 6 p.m. we started for Buford Buford, Colorado with a heavy load. It was slow travelling, particularly after dark. Camped just across river from Buford P.O. Buford, Colorado at 9:20 and Felger at once began to bone the meat. It has been a warm sunny day and is not very cold tonight.
Buford, Colo. Buford, Colorado, Friday Sept. 3, 1909 September 3, 1909
Up at 6:46. I retired last night at 10:30, Felger at 12:30. Warm, bright morning. Started down river ​at about 11 a.m.. Before we reached the Mud Springs road Mud Springs road bridge it began to rain and continued most of the time through early afternoon. We reached bridge at 12:20 and fed the horses. The got Henry La Kamp, a boy about a mile up the river, to put on an extra team and help us up the big hill where the Mud Spring road Mud Spring road leaves the river canyon. The road, always steep and rocky, was also muddy and slippery because of the rain. We had a terrible time. Horse would not pull together well at first. We all helped a great deal, and were much exhausted when we reached the top a dusk and unhitched about 4 miles from the bridge. We left the {{taxon|Cervus canadensis|elk meat, bedding and tent about half way up the hill. Felger and Henry returned to the camp ranch horseback for a light rig to bring up the rest of the load. I provided Terry with a cracker and canned ​peach lunch and sent him back to open up the meat to cool and stay with it. I ate a similar lunch after feeding the horse and finding a pool from which I could drink. Then I worked at repacking our load and got the portion which is here in much better shape. At 9:30 I built a fire to take off the growing chill of a September night at 8000 feet above sea level and prepared to spend the night without bedding, shelter or water to drink. The first task now is to get my boots dry, as they are wringing wet. It is now (10 p.m.) clear and beautiful, as the moon is arising above the treetops. This certainly has been a strenuous afternoon. At 11 o'clock I crawled under the wagon with the slicker about me and laid ​down to rest.
Mud Spring Road Mud Spring Road, Colo. Sept 4, 1909 September 4, 1909
At 2 p.m. (sic) it got too cold for me under the wagon, so I got up, replenished the fire and laid down before it the balance of the night. An old bull kept rumbling around all night and toward morning the coyotes Canis latrans were noisy. At 4 a.m. it clouded up and rained gently until after daylight. I arose at 6 a.m., fried some ham, baked potatoes in the ashes and ate my breakfast. Finished packing the part of the load that is at the wagon, harnessed the horses and collected Euconulus Euconulus, Vitrina Vitrina and Pupillidae Pupillidae and saw some Oreohelix cooperi Oreohelix cooperi. Felger arrived at about 9 a.m. with A. J. La Kamp and son Henry, who brought up the part of the load "ditched" yesterday, with a ​light wagon, team and saddle horse. We got all the load to the top of the hill at 11:30, then put it on our wagon and proceeded with our team only. About 1 p.m. we fed the horses at Mud Spring Mud Spring. The water was cold and good. Road quite hilly from there south until one started into gulch leading into Dry Elk Creek Dry Elk Creek, after which it is down grade to Newcastle Newcastle, Colorado. Reached Newcastle-Rifle Gap Rifle Gap State Park road about seven miles above {{place|Newcastle, Colorado|Newcastle. It began to rain just before starting down grade and continued until we reached town at about 9 p.m. Road was slippery, badly washed and the latter part of the trip so dark that Terry walked ahead with the lantern for safety. ​Still storming when we had gotten a bath, supper at a restaurant and to bed at midnight.
Newcastle, Colo. Newcastle, Colorado Sept. 5, 1909 September 5, 1909
Still raining, continued all day. Felger left at about 10 a.m. Terry and I packed our outfit, consisting of about 23 boxes and bundles. Finished at about 3 p.m. Then I wrote letters. Terry left for Boulder Boulder, Colorado at 5 p.m.. In evening it was cloudy but not raining. I retired at 7:45, very tired. ​
Newcastle, Colo. Newcastle, Colorado Sept 6, 1909 September 6, 1909 Raining this morning. I arose at 6:15, got breakfast, By 8 a.m. I had gotten all our material down to the depot and shipped it - 19 boxes and bundles by freight and seven by express. It quit raining about ​10 a.m.. All trains on both roads are far behind time, so have put in the time figuring up expenses of the trip, reading the papers, and strolling about town. Total shipments of the trip including camp outfit but excluding personal baggage in form of suitcases 36 boxes and bundles. Left Newcastle Newcastle, Colorado at 4:25 on Colorado Midland R.R. At Newcastle Newcastle, Colorado the Grand River Grand River, Colorado cuts through into the Mesa Verde formation. Above Newcastle Newcastle, Colorado it occupies the Mancos, which is largely covered by debris of the broad river valley, but well exposed by a ridge a few miles up on south side of river. The south canyon wall is Mesa Verde with coal mines. North wall shows red beds, into which we soon passed, so that walls were of hard red sandstones, probably Carboniferous. Toward Glenwood Canyon Glenwood Canyon, Colorado swung around and formations changed, but I do not ​know what they are. Reached Glenwood Springs at 4:55. Raining when we left Newcastle, still raining. I walked up to school house in SE part of town turned and climbed east wall of canyon. Found Oreohelix gabbiana Oreohelix gabbiana abundant and probably O. cooperi, but no haydeni. Walked north along foot of canyon wall to NE part of town, about east of Rio Grande depot and found O. haydeni and probably O. cooperi mixed together. Did not look for live shells and did not climb slope here. Vegetation mostly mt. mahogany and scrub oak below, conifers above. No pictures on account of rain. Left Glenwood at 6:45. No sleeper accommodations and no seats except in smoker, on account of all trains being delayed and passengers thereby accumulated on this one.