OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Inglis, John (1763-1834)

​INGLIS, JOHN, D.D. (1763–1834), Scottish divine, born in 1763, was the youngest son of Harry Inglis, M.A., minister of Forteviot, Perthshire. He graduated at the university of Edinburgh, studying divinity under the Rev. Dr. Hunter, and completed a distinguished academical course in 1783. He was ordained as minister of Tibbermore, Perthshire, on 20 July 1786. He took an active share in presbyterial administration, and early showed his ability as an ecclesiastical politician. On 3 July 1799 he was presented by the town council of Edinburgh to the Old Greyfriars Church as proximate successor to Principal Robertson the historian. The degree of doctor of divinity was conferred upon him by the university of Edinburgh in March 1804, and he presided as moderator of the general assembly held in that year. He was appointed one of the deans of the Chapel Royal by George III in February 1810, and was continued in the office by William IV. He died on 2 Jan. 1834. Inglis married, in 1798, Maria Moxham Passmore, daughter of Abraham Passmore, of Rollefarm, Devonshire, and had four sons and one daughter. The youngest son, John, who became lord justice-general of Scotland, is separately noticed.
Inglis's name is principally associated with his scheme for the evangelisation of India. Through his efforts a committee was appointed for this purpose by the general assembly on 27 May 1824, and it was largely owing to his perseverance, tact, and energy that the scheme was successfully carried out. As a preacher he was too profound and argumentative to catch the popular ear, and his influence was greater in the church courts than in the pulpit. His principal works, all published in Edinburgh, were, besides four single sermons, 1803–26: 1. ‘An Examination of Mr. Dugald Stewart's Pamphlet relative to the election of a Mathematical Professor,’ 1805. 2. ‘Reply to Professor Playfair's Letter to the Author,’ 1806. 3. ‘A Vindication of Christian Faith,’ 1830. 4. ‘A Vindication of Ecclesiastical Establishments,’ 1833. 5. Account of Tibbermore in Sinclair's ‘Statistical Account.’
A portrait is in the National Portrait Gallery of Scotland.
[Hew Scott's Fasti, i. 44, iv. 668; Cockburn's Memoirs, p. 232.]
A. H. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Normanville, Thomas de

​NORMANVILLE, THOMAS de (1256–1295), judge, born in 1256, was the son of Ralph de Normanville of Empingham, Rutland, who died in 1259, when Thomas was two and a half years old (Roberts, Cal. Genealogicum, p. 81). The Normanvilles were a branch of the family of Basset of Normandy, and soon after the conquest are found in the possession of the manor of Empingham; one of Thomas's ancestors, Gerold, was a benefactor of Battle Abbey in the reign of Henry I; another Ralph was sent by John to defend Kenilworth Castle against the barons; and his grandfather, Thomas, was a crusader (Battle Abbey Roll, ed. Duchess of Cleveland, ii. 362–3; Cal. Papal Letters, i. 244). Thomas first appears in 1276 as governor of Bamborough Castle, seneschal, and king's escheator beyond Trent. In 1279 he was appointed to hear the disputes between Alexander, king of Scots, and the Bishop of Durham, and in 1281 received a grant of lands in Stamford, Lincolnshire. In January 1283 he was commissioned to ‘order and dispose of’ the services granted by the knights, freemen, and ‘communitates’ beyond the Trent (Parl. Writs, i. 761), and in 1286 he was justice in eyre to hear pleas of the forests in Nottinghamshire and Lancashire. In 1288 he was summoned to a council at Westminster to be held on 13 Oct., and on 2 Sept. in the following year he was directed to report on the condition of the daughters of Llywelyn ab Gruffydd [q. v.], then nuns at Sempringham. In 1292 he held pleas ‘de quo warranto’ in Herefordshire and Kent, and in the following year in Herefordshire, Surrey, and Staffordshire. In the same year he was directed to grant John Baliol seisin of his manors in Normanville's ‘balliva.’ Normanville died in 1295, seised of various lands in Nottinghamshire and Yorkshire.
By his wife Dionysia, who brought as her dowry a third of the manor of Kenardington, Kent, and survived him, Normanville had one son, Edmund, who was four years old at his father's death and died without issue (Cal. Genealogicum, p. 500); and one daughter, Margaret, who thus became his heiress, and married William Basing. Examples of Normanville's seal are in the British Museum. He must be distinguished from a contemporary Thomas de Normanville, who held lands in Kent and died in 1283 (Cal. Genealogicum, p. 331; Hasted, Kent, iii. 115, &c.).
[Foss's Lives of the Judges, iii. 135–6; Dugdale's Chron. Ser.; Parl. Writs, i. 761; Inquisitiones post mortem, i. 124, 130; Rotuli Chartarum, p. 108; Cal. Patent Rolls, Edward I, passim; Placita de Quo Warranto, pp. 115, 266, 352, 705; Rot. Origini. Abbreviatio, passim; Testa de Nevill, p. 208; Rymer's Fœdera, 1816 edit. ii. 792; Placitorum Abbreviatio, pp. 328–9; Gervase of Canterbury, ii. 301; John de Oxenedes (Rolls Ser.), pp. 328, 336; Memoranda de Parl. (Rolls Ser.), pp. 39, 40, 79; Archæologia Cantiana, ii. 293, xi. 366, xiii. 193, 353; Marshall's Genealogist, passim; Hunter's South Yorkshire, ii. 43, 127; Wright's Rutland; Blore's Rutland; and Plantagenet Harrison's Yorkshire, passim.]
A. F. P.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Norris, Charles

​NORRIS, CHARLES (1779–1858), artist, born on 24 Aug. 1779, was a younger son of John Norris of Marylebone, a wealthy London merchant. Having lost both his parents while a child, Norris was educated at Eton and Christ Church, Oxford, where he matriculated on 26 Oct. 1797 (Foster, Alumni Oxon.), but did not proceed to a degree. For a short time he held a commission in the king's dragoon guards, but left the service on his marriage in 1800 to Sarah, daughter of John Saunders, a congregational minister at Norwich, and a descendant of Laurence Saunders, martyr (d. 1555). After residing at Milford, Pembrokeshire, for about ten years, he removed in 1810 to Tenby, and died there on 16 Oct. 1858. By his first wife he had four sons and nine daughters, of whom only two survived; and by his second wife (Elizabeth Harries of Pembrokeshire, whom he married on 25 Jan. 1832) he had three children.
In 1810 Norris issued two numbers of a very ambitious work, entitled ‘The Architectural Antiquities of Wales,’ vol. i. Pembrokeshire, London, fol. Its design was that each number should contain six oblong folio plates from Norris's own drawings (with letterpress also by him); but, owing to its great costliness, the work did not proceed beyond the third instalment, which appeared in 1811. At the same date the three numbers were reissued in one volume, under the title of ‘St. David's, in a Series of Engravings illustrating the different Ecclesiastical Edifices of that ancient City,’ London, fol. Five drawings of Pembroke Castle by Norris, engraved by J. Rawle, and originally intended to form a fourth number, were published in 1817. After this failure Norris, for the sake of economy, taught himself the use of the graver, and in 1812 published ‘Etchings of Tenby’ in two synchronous but distinct editions, London, royal 8vo and demy 4to, containing forty engravings both drawn and etched by the artist himself. He also wrote ‘An Historical Account of Tenby and its Vicinity,’ London, 1818; 2nd edit. 1820, containing six plates of local views and a map. In addition to these he left unpublished a large collection of architectural drawings, many of which are still in the possession of his son, Mr. R. Norris, of Rhode Wood House, Saundersfoot, Pembrokeshire.
In person Norris was middle-sized and very strong. Walter Savage Landor—the Savages were connected with Norris—in writing from Paris in 1802 to his sister Eliza​beth, described Napoleon's ‘figure and complexion’ as ‘nearly like those of Charles Norris.’ He always exhibited a spirit of cynical independence, verging often upon eccentricity.
[An article by Mr. E. Laws of Tenby in Archæologia Cambrensis, 5th ser. viii. 305–11; Etchings of Tenby in Brit. Mus. Print-Room; private communications.]
D. Ll. T.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Norris, Edward (1584-1659)

​NORRIS, EDWARD (1584–1659), New England divine, born in 1584, was son of Edward Norris, vicar of Tetbury, Gloucestershire. He matriculated at Oxford from Balliol College on 30 March 1599, and graduated B.A. from Magdalen Hall on 23 Jan. 1606–7 and M.A. on 25 Oct. 1609. At Tetbury and Horsley, Gloucestershire, where he lived successively as a schoolmaster as well as a clergyman, his puritanism subjected him to much persecution. At length his persistence in shipping off to New England those of his parishioners who declined to conform, brought him under the unfavourable notice of Laud, and in 1639 he had himself to seek refuge in America. On 18 March 1640 he was chosen pastor of Salem Church, Massachusetts. He was tolerant, declined to join in the persecution of the Gortonists or anabaptists, and, when a severe code of church discipline was adopted by the assembly of ministers in 1648, persevered in his own rules of conduct for the Salem church. During the witchcraft delusion of 1651–4, he used his influence to resist the persecutions. He wrote, however, in favour of making war against the Dutch settlers (letter dated 3 May 1653 in Hazard, Hist. Coll. ii. 256).
Norris died in 1659. By his wife Eleanor he had a son Edward (1615–1684), schoolmaster at Salem 1640–76, and a daughter Mary (Savage, Genealog. Dict. iii. 288).
While he remained in England Norris distinguished himself as an uncompromising opponent of John Traske [q. v.] and his followers. He published:
* ‘Prosopopœia,’ 4to, 1634; answered by Rice Boye in ‘The Importunate Begger,’ 4to, 1635.
* ‘That Temporal Blessings are to be asked with submission to the Will of God,’ 8vo, London, 1636.
* ‘The New Gospel not the True Gospel; or, a Discovery of the Life and Death, doctrine, and doings of Mr. John Traske … as also a confutation of the uncomfortable error of Mr. Boye concerning the Plague,’ 4to, London, 1638.
He often spelled his name ‘Norice’ or ‘Norrice.’
[Felt's Eccl. Hist. of New England; Felt's Annals of Salem; Winthrop's Hist. of New England (ed. Savage).]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Norris, Edward (1663-1726)

Baptised 1665, according to the ODNB.
​NORRIS, EDWARD (1663–1726), physician, born in 1663, fifth son of Thomas Norris of Speke, Lancashire, and younger brother of Sir William Norris [q. v.], graduated B.A. ​from Brasenose College, Oxford, in 1686, and proceeded M.A. 1689, M.B. 1691, and M.D. 1695. He practised medicine at Chester, and his scientific reputation is attested by the fact that as early as 1698 he was a fellow of the Royal Society. In 1699 he accompanied his brother, Sir William Norris, as secretary of his embassy to the mogul emperor, and visited the camp of Aurangazíb in the Deccan from April to November 1701. He returned home in 1702, bringing with him a cargo valued at 147,000 rupees, partly his brother's property. After an interval of mental prostration induced by the perils and anxieties he had gone through, he resumed the profession of medicine at Utkinton, Cheshire, and was elected a fellow of the Royal College of Physicians in 1716. He died on 22 July 1726, and was buried at St. Michael's chapel, attached to Garston Hall, a manor of the Norris family, near Speke. In 1705 he had married Ann, daughter of William Cleveland of Liverpool, by whom he left one son, with whose death, some time before 1736, the family of the Norrises of Speke in the male line became extinct.
[Norris Papers, ed. T. Heywood, in Chetham Soc. vol. ix.; Baine's Lancaster, ii. 757; Munk's Coll. of Phys. ii. 39; Bruce's Annals of East India Company, iii. 463, &c. Norris's letters as secretary to his brother's embassy are preserved in the India Office.]
S. L-P.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Monro, John

​MONRO, JOHN (1715–1791), physician, eldest son of James Monro, M.D. [q. v.], was born at Greenwich 16 Nov. 1715. He was educated at Merchant Taylors' School, and passed in 1733 to St. John's College, Oxford, where he ultimately succeeded to a fellowship. He graduated B.A. 31 May 1737, M.A. 11 July 1740, and in April 1741 was elected Radcliffe travelling fellow, an appointment then tenable for ten years, and carrying with it the obligation of studying medicine on the continent. He studied first at Edinburgh, afterwards at Leyden, and took his degree as M.B. at Oxford, Dec. 1743. Subsequently he spent some years in travelling through France, Holland, Italy, and Germany, returning to England in 1751. He had the degree of M.D. conferred on him in his absence by diploma, 27 June 1747. In 1751 (24 July) he was appointed joint physician to Bethlehem Hospital with his father, whose health had begun to decline, and on his death, in the next year, John Monro became sole physician to the hospital.
He was admitted candidate of the College of Physicians 25 June 1752, fellow on the same date of the next year, was censor on several occasions, and delivered the Harveian oration in 1757. In 1787, in consideration of his failing health, his son Thomas was appointed his assistant at Bethlehem Hospital. He then gradually retired from practice, and died at Hadley, Barnet, 27 Dec. 1791.
Monro, like his father, devoted himself to the study and treatment of insanity, and is said to have attained eminence and success. He wrote nothing except 'Remarks on Dr. Battie's Treatise on Madness,' London, 1758, 8vo. Dr. Battie had alluded to certain physicians (meaning the physicians to Bethlehem Hospital) who kept their knowledge and methods of treatment to themselves, not communicating them to the profession by writing or teaching. This touched John Monro, as well as his father, and his answer was, in effect, that a knowledge of the subject could be obtained only by observation, and in retaliation he criticised very severely other parts of Dr. Battie's work. The appointment of physician to Bethlehem and a great reputation in the treatment of insanity were transmitted in the Monro family for several generations. Monro had acquired (probably on his travels) a taste for the fine arts, especially engravings, and assisted Strutt in the preparation of his 'History of Engravers.' He is also said to have communicated notes to Steevens for his edition of Shakespeare. A portrait of him is in the College of Physicians. His son Thomas (1759–1833) is separately noticed.
[Munk's Coll. of Phys.; Brit. Med. Journal, 1851, i. 1262.]
J. F. P.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Monro, Thomas (1764-1815)

​MONRO, THOMAS (1764–1815), miscellaneous writer, son of the Rev. Thomas Monro of Wargrave, Berkshire, was born 9 Oct. 1764. He was nephew of Dr. Alexander Monro primus [q. v.], and first cousin of Dr. Alexander Monro secundus [q. v.] He was educated in the free schools of Colchester and Norwich under Dr. Samuel Parr [q. v.], who always held him in high regard. On 11 July 1782 he matriculated at St. Mary Hall, Oxford, and in 1783 he was elected to a demyship at Magdalen College, which he resigned on his marriage, 7 June 1797. He graduated B.A. in 1787, and M.A. in 1791. He was curate of Selborne, Hampshire, from 1798 till 1800, when he was presented by Lord Maynard to the rectory of Little Easton, Essex, where he died on 25 Sept. 1815.
His works are: 1. 'Olla Podrida, a Periodical Work,' comprising forty-eight weekly numbers, Oxford, 1787, fol.; 2nd edit. London, 1788, 8vo; reprinted in Lynam's edition of the 'British Essayists,' vol. xxviii. (London, 1827, 12mo). In conducting this periodical, of which he was the projector and editor, he was assisted by Bishop Horne, then president of Magdalen College, Messrs. Headley, Kett, Gower, and other Oxford men. 2. 'Essays on various Subjects,' London, 1790, 8vo. 3. 'Alciphron's Epistles; in which are described the Domestic Manners, the Courtesans, and Parasites of Greece. Now first translated from the Greek,' London, 1791, 8vo, by Monro and William Beloe [q. v.] 4. 'Modern Britons, and Spring in London,' London, 1792. 5. 'Philoctetes in Lemnos. A Drama in three acts. To which is prefixed A Greenroom Scene, exhibiting a Sketch of the present Theatrical Taste: inscribed with due Deference to the Managers of Covent Garden and Drury Lane Theatres by their humble servant, Oxoniensis,' London, 1795, 8vo (cf. Baker, Biog. Dram. ed. Reed and Jones, iii. 144).
[Biog. Dict. of Living Authors, 1816, p. 238; Bloxam's Magd. Coll. Registers, vii. 77, 81; Foster's Alumni Oxon., later ser. iii. 970; Gent. Mag. October 1815, p. 378; Johnstone's Life of Parr, i. 163, 211, 558, vii. 441; Lowndes's Bibl. Man. (Bohn), p. 26; Nichols's Illustr. of Lit. vii. 340; Nichols's Lit. Anecd. ix. 40, 77, 91, 95, 124, 158, x. 630; Notes and Queries, 7th ser. ii. 407, 449.]
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Monro, Henry (1817-1891)

​MONRO, HENRY (1817–1891), physician and philanthropist, second son of Edward Thomas Monro, grandson of Dr. Thomas Monro [q. v.], and brother of Edward Monro [q. v.], was born in 1817, and was educated at Harrow and at Oriel College, Oxford (B. A. 1839, B. Med. 1844, and D. Med. 1863). He studied medicine at St. Bartholomew's Hospital; became a fellow of the College of Physicians in 1848, and, devoting himself to the study of insanity, was appointed physician to Bethlehem Hospital in the same year. 'He was the last of a long line of physicians who from father to son followed the same speciality, four being in direct succession physicians to Bethlehem Hospital' [see Monro, John; and Monro, Thomas, 1759-1833]. In 1864 he became president of the Medical Psychological Society. In the midst of the engrossing duties of his profession Monro found time to establish, like his brother Edward, institutions for the benefit of the poor. Assisted by many friends, he was the founder in 1846 of the House of Charity in Rose Street, Soho, which 'still flourishes, with a larger development in Soho Square. It is a home for the destitute and friendless, chiefly those who, by no fault of their own, have been plunged into extreme distress and helplessness.' To this he gave unremitting attention for forty-five years, and also, in a less degree, to the Walton Convalescent Home, which his younger brother, Theodore Monro, founded at about the same time. Monro died in 1891. He married in 1842 Jane, daughter of Sir William Russell, bart., and left several children. He published in 1850 a treatise on 'Stammering,' and in the following year his 'Remarks on Insanity,' the principles of which were accepted by Dr. D. H. Tuke and by Dr. Hughlings Jackson. Monro was no mean artist, a gift which was hereditary in his family. He painted his own portrait and that of his father, for presentation to the College of Physicians, where they hang beside portraits of three earlier members of the family, Alexander, John, and Thomas, who were distinguished as physicians.
[Journal of Mental Science, July 1891, notice by Dr. G. F. Blandford; Memoir privately printed by the Rev. Canon W. Poxley Norris, M.A.; personal knowledge.]
M. B-s.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Monro, James

​MONRO, JAMES (1680–1752), physician, born in Scotland 2 Sept. 1680, was son of Alexander Monro (d. 1715?) [q. v.] He came to London with his father in 1691, and matriculated at Balliol College, Oxford, 8 July 1699, graduating B.A. 15 June 1703, M.A. 3 June 1708, M.B. 25 May 1709. He does not appear to have practised medicine, at least in London, till middle life, since it was not till 9 July 1722 that he took the degree of M.D.,and six years later, 23 Dec. 1728, ​was admitted candidate of the College of Physicians of London, succeeding to the fellowship 22 Dec. 1729. He was elected physician to Bethlehem Hospital for lunatics 9 Oct. 1728, which appointment he held till his death. For the rest of his life he devoted himself to the treatment of insanity. He is said to have been a skilful and honourable physician. His policy in not admitting students or physicians to the practice of his hospital was the subject of hostile criticism in Dr. Battle's treatise on 'Madness' (London, 1758, 4to), and was defended in a pamphlet by his son John Monro, who is separately noticed. James Monro's only literary production was the Harveian oration at the College of Physicians in 1737. He died 4 Nov. 1752, at Sunninghill, Berkshire, and is buried there. A portrait of him is in the College of Physicians.
[Foster's Alumni Oxon. (1500-1714), Munk's Coll. of Phys. 1878, ii. 115; information supplied by the family.]
J. F. P.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Monro, Robert (d.1633)

​MONRO or MUNRO, ROBERT (d. 1633), styled the 'Black Baron,' eighteenth chief of Foulis, was the eldest son of Hector Monro of Foulis, by Anne, daughter of Hugh, sixth lord Fraser of Lovat. His father died on 14 Nov. 1603, and while a minor he received a dispensation and special license from the king, dated 8 Jan. 1608, upon which by a precept from chancery he was infeft in all the lands possessed by his father on 26, 27, 28 and 29 April. On account of expensive living during his travels abroad he greatly embarrassed his estate; but having engaged his revenues for ten years to pay his creditors, he in 1626 joined as a volunteer the Scottish corps raised by Sir Donald Mackay, first lord Reay [q. v.]. for the German wars. At first he was captain of a company of Scots soldiers raised by himself. Subsequently he was advanced to be colonel of a Dutch regiment of horse and foot under Gustavus Adolphus, and specially distinguished himself in various actions. He died at Ulm in 1633, after six weeks' illness from a wound by a musket-ball in the foot. Although a spendthrift in his earlier years, he latterly became exemplarily pious, being, according to his relative. General Robert Monro [q.v.], 'a true Christian and a right traveller' (Monro his Expedition with the Worthy Scots Regiment, pt. ii. p. 49). By his first wife, Margaret, daughter of William Sutherland, seventh baron of Duffus, he ​had one daughter, Margaret, married to Kenneth Mackenzie of Scotwell,and by his second wife, Mary Haynes, an English lady, he had a daughter Elizabeth. As he left no male issue, he was succeeded in the barony of Foulis by his brother Hector, who also obtained the rank of colonel in the service of Oustavus Adolphus, and on his return to Scotland was on 7 June 1634 created by Charles I a baronet of Nova Scotia.
[Monro his Expedition with the Worthy Scots Regiment, called Mackay's, 1637; particulars concerning the Munros in Doddridge's Life of Colonel Gardiner; Douglas's Baronage of Scotland, pp. 83-4.]
T. F. H.