OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The New Student's Reference Work/Portland, Me.

See also Portland, Maine on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​ Portland, Me., largest city and chief port of entry in Maine, is situated on Casco Bay, about 60 miles from Augusta, the capital of the state, and about 100 miles from Boston. A number of islands in the bay are included in the corporation. The Grand Trunk Railroad and six other lines terminate at Portland, and regular lines of steamers connect the city with New York, Boston and other points on the Atlantic coast. The harbor, which is defended by five forts, is deep enough for vessels of all sizes and is seldom frozen. A large foreign trade is carried on with the West Indies and with European and South American countries, the imports and exports amounting to $15,918,492 in 1906. Portland was permanently settled by an English colony in 1632. Neal Dow, Longfellow, Thomas B. Reed and N. P. Willis were born at Portland, and William Pitt Fessenden lived there. In 1866 a destructive fire swept over the city, destroying property to the amount of $10,000,000, but the burned district has long since been rebuilt. Population 58,571.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Portland Vase

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​ Portland Vase, a celebrated, ancient, Roman glass-vase or cinerary urn found during ​the pontificate of Urban VIII (1623-44) in Monte del Grano near Rome. It was purchased by Sir William Hamilton in 1770, and a few years later by the Portland family, who deposited it in the British Museum. The vase was broken into pieces by a lunatic in 1845, but the fragments were skillfully united. It is ten inches in height and the finest known specimen of an ancient, cameo-cut glass.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Pope Benedict XV

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POPE BENEDICT XV
Pope Pius X died on August 20, 1914, and was succeeded by Cardinal Giacomo della Chiesa, Archbishop of Bologna, who was elected on September 3 as Benedict XV. He is of noble blood, the son of the Marchese della Chiesa and was born at Pegli, Italy, November 21, 1854. His first public utterance was an appeal to Roman Catholics throughout the world and to the governments of Europe to pray and work for the return of peace.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Portsmouth, N. H.

See also Portsmouth, New Hampshire on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Ports′mouth, N. H., a city, on Piscataqua River, three miles from its mouth, and on the eastern division of the Boston and Maine Railroad. The United States Navy-Yard is on the opposite bank of the river, with facilities for docking the largest ships afloat and well-equipped shops and engineering plants. The city possesses the deepest harbor on the coast and important coastwise trade. The harbor never freezes. Portsmouth contains a superior line of stores and several important manufacturing interests. It is rich in historical memories, and possesses fine buildings and parks. The first settlement was made in 1623 by London merchants. The original charter, adopted in 1849, was amended in 1905 giving the city practically a new charter. The government is vested in a mayor and a council. The council elects heads of departments and subordinate officials. The city has waterworks, an electric-light plant and an electric street-car system, owning and operating the first. Population 11,269.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Portsmouth, O.

See also Portsmouth, Ohio on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Portsmouth, O., county-seat of Scioto County, stands on the Ohio at the mouth of Scioto River, 100 miles above Cincinnati. It has iron-foundries, rolling-mills and manufactories, some of their products being stoves, ranges, cars, furniture, wagons and carriages, boots, shoes etc. The educational institutions are the public and parochial schools, several private schools, a public library and Peebles Reading-Room, besides charitable institutions and churches. The city owns and operates the electric-light and water works. Portsmouth has the service of three railroads and of steamboats to all Ohio River ports. Population 23,481
# The New Student's Reference Work/Portland, Or.

See also Portland, Oregon on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​ Portland, Or., the largest city of Oregon, is on Willamette River, near the point where it joins the Columbia, about 100 miles from the ocean and about 800 north from San Francisco. The city is beautifully located on a rising slope that extends from the river to the foot-hills. Five snowcovered mountain-peaks can be seen from Portland Heights in the west of the city; and the public park-system embraces more than 200 acres. The public buildings are costly and modern, and among them may be mentioned the Public Library, the Chamber of Commerce, the Northwestern Industrial Exposition Building; the city-hall, postoffice and customhouse, each occupying an entire block; Union Depot, Marquam Theater, Weinhard Building and many others, besides fine private residences. At Oregon City, twelve miles from Portland, are Willamette Falls, which furnish excellent power for manufacturing. Among the industries are lumber and flour mills, furniture, cordage, boot, shoe, carriage and wagon factories, breweries, planing mills, paper-bag factories, saddlery and harness works, paint-works, spice-mills and canneries. Portland has an admirable public-school system, with fine schoolbuildings, and spends more than $250,000 annually for the maintenance of schools. Higher educational institutions include Portland University, Portland Academy, Bishop Scott School, Saint Helen's School for Girls and the medical and law schools of the University of Oregon. Among the charitable institutions are the Portland, St. Vincent's and Good Samaritan hospitals. Electric power from Willamette Falls operates the electric lights and street-railways. Portland has an immense drydock and is a prosperous port of entry, large ocean-ships coming to this point. Clearing-house returns for 1906 showed a commerce of nearly $300,000,000, with an export trade of $15,000,000. Portland was founded in 1844 by New Englanders who named it for the Maine city, and became a city in 1851. Population 207,214.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Portland Exposition, The

See also Lewis and Clark Centennial Exposition on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​ Portland Ex′posi′tion, The, an international exposition held in Portland, Oregon, from June 1st to October 15th, 1905, to commemorate the one hundredth anniversary of the exploration of the northwest by Captains Meriwether Lewis and William Clark. The exposition derived its name from the city, the official title in full being The Lewis and Clark Centennial and American Pacific Exposition and Oriental Fair. It also is frequently referred to as the Lewis and Clark Exposition. The exposition was intended to tell the story, as the official title indicates, of the exploration and heroic achievement of a hundred years ago; of the development in a new-found land that gained the United States its western coast; and of the extension of American trade with the orient. As originally planned, only an exposition local to the northwest was contemplated; but, as the interest of the whole country became manifest, the scope of the undertaking broadened until it reached the proportions of an international exposition of the first rank. It was the first exposition of the kind ever held west of the Rocky Mountains. In natural beauty of setting it is considered by many to have surpassed all others. The national government contributed $470,000 in addition to contributing an exhibit, already prepared at a cost of more than $300,000; and nearly all foreign nations were well-represented. The unique feature was the Forestry Building, constructed entirely of logs of gigantic dimensions.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Porto Rico

See also Puerto Rico on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Por′to Rico (rē′kō̇), a West India island formerly belonging to Spain, first settled by Ponce de Leon in 1510. It is about 100 miles in length and 36 in width, and is traversed east and west by ranges of mountains, from whose bases rich tracts of soil extend to the sea on all sides. Its estimated area is 3,435 square miles. Rain falls in much greater abundance on the northern than on the southern part of the island. The chief towns are San Juan the capital (48,716), Mayaguez (16,563) and Ponce (35,005). The total population of Porto Rico by census of 1910 was 1,118,012, about forty per cent. being colored (including mestizos, negroes and a few Chinese). At the conclusion of the Spanish-American War in 1898 Porto Rico was ceded to the United States.
Government. According to the decision of the United States Supreme Court Porto Rico is a territory appurtenant and belonging to the United States, but not a part of the United States within the revenue-clause of the constitution. The island was given a civil government by Act of Congress of May 1, 1900. The governor is appointed by the president of the United States. The upper house consists of eleven members, six of whom are heads of departments, five are natives, and all appointed by the president. The lower house consists of 35 delegates, elected by the people for two years. The franchise is exercised under a property and educational qualification. By proclamation of the president on July 25, 1901, free trade was established between Porto Rico and the United States.
Education. In 1899 over 83 per cent. of the population could neither read nor write. A school-system was organized in that year; a general board of education and local school-boards were formed; suitable accommodations were required to be provided; and school-attendance was made compulsory. In 1911 there were 1,025 common schools open, with 128,453 pupils; 19 high schools with 1,144 enrolled, and a system of night schools and kindergartens. Many of the teachers in these schools are from the United States.
Commerce. In 1911 the imports amounted to $38,786,997, and the exports to foreign countries, $39,918,367. Value of shipments of United States merchandise to Porto Rico, $23,272,170, and shipments from Porto Rico to the United States, $26,391,338.
Resources. So far as developed, the chief products of the island are agricultural, including coffee, sugar, tobacco, bananas, pineapples, oranges and vegetables. Some cotton is exported. With improved methods the yield can be largely increased. There is but little mining, though there are deposits of gold, silver, copper, iron, tin, mercury, platinum and nickel. There also are marble, gypsum and phosphates.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Weyman, Stanley John

See also Stanley J. Weyman on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​ Wey′man, Stanley John, English novelist, was born at Ludlow, Shropshire on Aug. 7, 1855, and educated at Shrewsbury School and Christ Church, Oxford. Studying law, he was called to the bar and practiced on circuit from 1881 to 1889, when his first work, The House of the Wolf — a romance of French history — appeared. After this his health necessitated travel abroad, and he abandoned law altogether. His more notable novels include The New Rector, The Story of Francis Cludde and A Gentleman of France. The success of the latter, which was published in 1893 and at once translated into many European languages, was immediate, and it has proved one of the most successful of recent historical romances. His later stories are Under the Red Robe, My Lady Rotha, The Red Cockade, The Man in Black, The Castle Inn, The Long Night, Stane Crow Farm, The Abbess of Vlaye, In King's Byways, Shrewsbury and the Memoirs of a Minister of France. He is a vivid and picturesque writer, and has been most successful in his treatment of themes drawn chiefly from the era of medieval France.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Weymouth, Mass.

See also Weymouth, Massachusetts on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​ Wey′mouth, Mass., a town embracing a number of villages with an early historic interest, in Norfolk County, on Weymouth Fore River and the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad, 12 miles southeast of Boston. The town dates from the era of the Plymouth colonists, when it was known by its Indian name of Wessagusset. Its industrial interests are connected with the manufacture of shoes, with wool-scouring and with nail, coal and lumber works. It has two local libraries, the Tuff and the Fogg, besides churches, elementary and high schools, several banks and a weekly newspaper. Population 12,895.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Wheeler, William Almon

See also William A. Wheeler on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​ Wheeler, William Almon, nineteenth vice-president of the United States, was born at Malone, N. Y., on June 30, 1819. He began his political career as a state senator in 1858. In 1860 he was in Congress, and again during 1866-77. The compromise which allayed the disturbed condition of politics in Louisiana in 1874 was largely his work, and he was also foremost in returning his back-pay to the national treasury when the act increasing the salary of congressmen was passed. He was elected to the vice-presidency in 1876, when Hayes was president. He died on June 4, 1887.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Wetterhorn

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​ Wet′terhorn, a lofty mountain in Switzerland, about ten miles from Lake Brienz. It rises almost perpendicularly in one great wall of limestone, 12,200 or 14,105 feet, according to different measurements.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Wheeling, W. Va.

See also Wheeling, West Virginia on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​ Wheel′ing, W. Va., county-seat of Ohio County, in the narrow strip known as the Panhandle, on Ohio River. Part of the city is built on an island in the river, connected with the mainland by a suspension bridge. It has the capitol building, used for governmental purposes while it was the capital of West Virginia, postoffice, custom-house, public library, opera-house and other fine buildings. It is chiefly known as a manufacturing city, the coal in the region furnishing an abundance of cheap fuel as well as natural gas, which is used in many factories. There are blast-furnaces, iron-foundries and forges, manufactories of mowing and reaping machines, steam-engines, wagons, carriages, nails, leather, paper, extensive glass-factories, potteries and cigar-factories. It was the capital of West Virginia until 1870 and in 1875. Population 41,641.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Whipple, Abraham

See also Abraham Whipple on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Whip′ple, Abraham, an American naval officer, was born at Providence, R. I. on Sept. 16, 1733. He commanded a privateer in the French and Indian War, and in one cruise took 23 French prizes. During the Revolutionary War his ship took more vessels than any other in the service. After his ship was finally taken by the British, he sailed for France with dispatches in a new ship and encountered the British merchant fleet of 150 vessels on its way to Jamaica. Hiding his guns and running up the British flag, he joined the fleet, and at night captured a vessel, putting on a crew from his own ship, and sent it to America. This he did until he had taken ten ships. He was taken prisoner near Charleston in 1780. His ship was the first American vessel to enter the Thames with the United States flag (1784). He moved west with the Ohio Company, dying at Marietta, O. on May 29, 1819.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Wheeler, Benjamin Ide

See also Benjamin Ide Wheeler on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​ Wheel′er, Benjamin Ide, president of the University of California since July 18, 1899, was born in Randolph, Mass., July 15, 1854. He graduated from Brown University in 1875. He received his A.M. in 1878; his Ph.D. from Heidelberg in 1885; and honorary LL.D from Harvard in 1900, Brown 1900, Yale 1901, Johns Hopkins 1902, Wisconsin 1904 and Columbia 1905. He was instructor at Brown University during 1879-81; and at Harvard in 1885-6. He became professor of comparative philology at Cornell in 1886 and at the American School of Classical Studies in Athens, Greece, in 1896. He is corresponding member of the Kaiserliches Archæologisches Institut. He is author of The Greek Noun-Accent; Analogy in Language; Introduction to the History of Language; Dionysos and Immortality; Organization of Higher Education in the United States; and Life of Alexander the Great. He was editor of the department of philology in Johnson's Universal Cyclopedia and in Macmillan's Dictionary of Philosophy and Psychology.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Whelk

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​ Whelk, the name for marine gasteropod mollusks belonging especially to the family of Buccinidæ. The common whelk of the northern Atlantic is eaten in England. These animals look somewhat like very large snails. The shell is pointed, but has only a few whorls. The animal has a broad body, with tentacles projecting from the head. It can be entirely retracted within its shell. It burrows in the sand, and feeds on clams and other bivalve mollusks. Some whelks are used for bait.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Whig Party, The

See also Whigs (British political party) and Whig Party (United States) on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​ Whig Party, The. (1) In British history one of the two political parties in the state, of an advanced and reforming character, now known as Liberals. The term had its origin in the middle of the 17th century and was applied to the Scotch Presbyterians (Covenanters as opposed to the Cavaliers), who had rebelled against the crown; and thus the appellation was at first regarded as a contemptuous epithet, hurled at them by the Tory party — the organization opposed to them in the state and favoring monarchy and conservative rule. The Whigs may be said to be the successors of the Cromwellian Roundheads, whose liberal principles led them to favor and defend the Revolution of 1688, insist upon parliamentary control of the government, and ​desire the Hanoverian rather than the Stuart rule. The influence of the party became powerful in the state from the era of George I, and was represented by the great Whig families of the time — Burke and Fox being its chief leaders. After the era of the Reform Bill (1832), a piece of legislation brought about by the Whigs, the latter term began to be replaced by that of the progressive and reforming Liberals. Goldwin Smith (q. v.) thus defines the two party names: “The Tory was the friend of government by prerogative and of church privilege; the Whig was the friend of constitutional liberty and toleration; in effect, the Tory was a supporter of monarchical, the Whig of parliamentary, supremacy. . . . In later times the Tory party became that of political and ecclesiastical reaction, the Whig party that of general progress.”
(2) In American history the Whigs of the days of the American colonies were those who favored the Revolution, as opposed to the Tories, who advocated adherence to the mother country. The term more specifically dates, however, from 1830 and refers to the political party under the leadership of Henry Clay, known as National Republicans (or Whigs), as opposed to the Jackson, and later to the Democratic, Republicans. The Whigs favored a protective tariff, a national bank and a system of internal improvements. It was they who in 1840 elected W. H. Harrison to the presidency, and sought in 1844 to elect Clay to the office. With the election of Zachary Taylor the Whig party fell into a state of disintegration, many of the northern Whigs becoming Free Soilers and most southern Whigs becoming Democrats. The Whigs had a long line of representative leaders in the north; but the term fell into disuse, or, more correctly, gave place to that of Republicans — the last action of what remained of the Whig party being the nomination by the Constitutional Union party, in 1860, of Bell and Everett at Baltimore for the presidency and vice-presidency.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Whip-Poor-Will

See also Eastern whip-poor-will on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Whip-Poor-Will, a bird widely known on account of its oft-repeated cry of whip-poor-will. It is not often seen, although it is abundant in damp woods of the eastern United States. It usually rests on the ground during the day and is active at twilight and early nightfall, sending forth its cry and also coursing low over the grass in search of insects. It is about ten inches long and of plain colors, being grayish, much variegated with black and buff. Its bill is very broad, its mouth large and provided with a tuft of long bristles. It builds no nest, but deposits its eggs on leaves or a slight depression in the ground. To the same family belong the chuck-will's-widow and the night-hawk.
# The Poetical Works of Robert Burns/The Calf

THE CALF.
TO THE REV. MR. JAMES STEVEN, ON HIS TEXT, MALACHI, CH. IV. VER. 2.
"And ye shall go forth, and grow up as calves of the stall."
# The Poetical Works of Robert Burns/The Death and Dying Words of Poor Mailie, the Author's only pet Yowe

THE DEATH AND DYING WORDS OF POOR MAILIE, THE AUTHOR'S ONLY PET YOWE.
AN UNCO MOURNFU' TALE.
# The Poetical Works of Robert Burns/The First Psalm

THE FIRST PSALM.
# The Poetical Works of Robert Burns/The Brigs of Ayr

THE BRIGS OF AYR.
A POEM.
INSCRIBED TO JOHN BALLANTYNE, ESQ., AYR.
"The silent moon shone high o'er tow'r and tree."—Page 25.
# The Poetical Works of Robert Burns/The Cotter's Saturday Night

THE COTTER'S SATURDAY NIGHT.
INSCRIBED TO ROBERT AIKEN, ESQ. OF AYR.
# The Poetical Works of Robert Burns/The Holy Fair

THE HOLY FAIR.
"I walked forth to view the corn, An' snuff the caller air."—Page 14.
# The Poetical Works of Robert Burns/The Happy Trio

THE HAPPY TRIO.
TUNE—'WILLIE BREW'D A PECK O' MAUT.'
# The Poetical Works of Robert Burns/The Farewell

THE FAREWELL.
TO THE BRETHREN OF ST. JAMES'S LODGE, TARBOLTON.
TUNE—GUID NIGHT, AND JOY BE WI' YOU A'!'
# The Poetical Works of Robert Burns/The First Six Verses of the Ninetieth Psalm

THE FIRST SIX VERSES OF THE NINETIETH PSALM.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Molinos, Miguel de

Edition of 1905. See also Miguel de Molinos on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
MOLINOS, mō̇-lē′nō̇s, Miguel de (1640-96). A Spanish mystic, and leading representative of the doctrines of Quietism. He was born at Patacina in Aragon of noble parents, and pursued a course of theological studies at Pampelona and Coimbra, from which university he received the degree of doctor of divinity. Having been
ordained priest, he acquired a high reputation as a director of conscience and a master of the spiritual life. He went in 1669 to Rome, where he made the same impression and won the friendship of many distinguished people. He declined all preferment, and devoted himself entirely to the direction of souls. In 1675 he published an ascetieal treatise in Spanish, under the name of The Spiritual Guide, which had a wide popularity and was translated into many languages (into English ten years later; reprinted at Glasgow, 1885). His leading principle was that of habitual abstraction of the mind from sensible objects, with a view to gain, by passive contemplation, not only a profound realization of God's presence, but so perfect a communion with Him as to end in absorption into His essence. The dangers of his doctrine (for an examination of which and its subsequent history, see Quietism) were pointed out by not a few, among them the distinguished Jesuit Segneri; but so great was the popularity of Molinos that no decisive steps were taken until, in 1685, he was cited before the Holy Office and submitted to close imprisonment and examination. The Inquisition finally condemned eighty-six propositions extracted from his writings, and in a decree, which was confirmed a few months later by a bull of Pope Innocent XI., required him publicly to abjure them, and sentenced him to imprisonment for life. He underwent public penance and was admitted to absolution, but was detained until his death in 1696. Consult: Bigelow, Molinos the Quietist (New York, 1882); Shorthouse, Golden Thoughts from the Spiritual Guide of Molinos (London, 1883).