OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Biographical Dictionary of America/Akerman, Amos Tappan

​AKERMAN, Amos Tappan, statesman, was born at Keene, N. H., Jan. 6, 1823. He was graduated at Dartmouth in 1842, admitted to the bar in 1844, and practised in New Hampshire until 1850, when he removed to Georgia. Here he continued the practice of law, and on the agitation of the subject of secession in 1859-'60, he stubbornly opposed the measure. When, however, the state actually passed the ordnance of secession, he entered the state militia and finally the Confederate army, and was appointed quartermaster, serving through the war. In 1866, upon the restoration of civil power in Georgia, he was made district-attorney. In 1870 President Grant appointed him attorney-general in his cabinet, to succeed Ebenezer R. Hoar. He served until Dec. 14, 1871, when he returned to Georgia, and in 1873 was an unsuccessful candidate for the United States senate. He died at Cartersville, Ga., Dec. 21, 1880.
# The Biographical Dictionary of America/Albani, Marie Emma LaJeunesse

​ALBANI, Marie Emma LaJeunesse, singer, was born at Chambly, Lower Canada, Sept. 18, 1851. Her parents were French-Canadians. She manifested unusual talent at a very early age, and it was encouraged by her father, who was a skilled musician. When only twelve years old she was awarded a gold medal for musical composition from the Montreal convent at which she received her education. From Montreal her father removed to Albany, N. Y., taking with him his now motherless daughter. He was unable to give her the training which her very fine voice deserved, but she obtained a place in the cathedral choir, where her singing attracted much attention, as it did in concerts, in which she not only sang but played on both the piano and harp. With the proceeds of a concert given for her benefit she was sent to Europe, where she studied in Paris with Duprez, being enabled to do so through the generosity of Baroness Lafitte. Afterwards she went to Italy, where she was taught by Lamperti. It was by the influence of the latter that she made her debut in Messina in 1870 as Amina. This was the starting point of her great success. She adopted the name Albani at her debut, thus honoring the city where her musical talent was first encouraged. She sang at Malta and Florence, successfully producing "Mignon," which had been a failure in four theatres in Italy. She then went to London, where she appeared in the royal Italian opera, thence to St. Petersburg and Paris, when she visited the United States, where in 1874-'75 she sang under Strakosch in opera. She afterward returned to Europe, where her success was phenomenal. She was married in 1878 to Ernest Gye, manager of the royal Italian opera in London. In 1882 she sang the soprano part of Gounod's "Redemption" before the composer, and he was prompted to write expressly for her "Mors et Vita," in which she appeared in 1885. Lamperti called her "the most accomplished musician and the most finished singer" that ever left his studio. She visited America again in 1883, but returned to London, where she made her home.
# The Biographical Dictionary of America/Agnew, David Hayes

​AGNEW, David Hayes, surgeon, was born in Lancaster county, Pa., Nov. 24, 1818. He was educated at Jefferson college, and at Delaware college, Newark, Del. He was graduated from the medical department of the university of Pennsylvania on April 6, 1838. He returned to Lancaster, and entered the iron business, but failed, and became a lecturer in the then famous Philadelphia school of anatomy. He was chosen a surgeon of the Philadelphia city hospital in 1854, and there founded the pathological museum. He also established in Philadelphia a school of operative surgery. He afterwards served as demonstrator of anatomy and assistant lecturer on clinical surgery in the University of Pennsylvania. During the war he was consulting surgeon to the staff of forty-seven resident physicians at the great Mower army hospital, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia. It was his skill in operative surgery that brought him to the bedside of President Garfield. Dr. Agnew's principal publication, entitled "The Principles and Practices of Surgery," covers an experience of fifty active years, and its value, preserving and presenting as it does the life-work of such a recognized authority, can hardly be overrated. He died March 22, 1892, leaving bequests to various charities amounting in the aggregate to $68,000.
# The Biographical Dictionary of America/Aiken, William

​AIKEN, William, governor of South Carolina, was born in Charleston, S. C, Aug. 4, 1806. He was graduated from the college of South Carolina in 1825, and engaged in the cultivation of rice. He was always prominent in public matters, though not a politician, and after serving a number of terms in both branches of the state legislature he was elected governor in 1844. In 1850 he was elected a representative and served in the 32d Congress and he was returned to the 33d and 34th Congresses. Throughout the civil war he was a loyal Unionist, though his friends were nearly all Secessionists. In 1866 he was elected to represent his district in the 40th Congress, while the state was under a provisional governor, and he was not seated. He died Sept. 7, 1887.
# The Biographical Dictionary of America/Ainsworth, Frederick Crayton

​AINSWORTH, Frederick Crayton, soldier, was born at Woodstock, Vt., Sept. 11, 1852; son of Crayton and Harriet (Carroll) Ainsworth; grandson of Roswell Moulton Ainsworth, and a descendant of Edward Ainsworth of England, and Woodstock, Conn. He received the degree of M.D. at the University of the city of New York, and was appointed from Vermont assistant surgeon in the U.S. army, Nov. 10, 1874. He was promoted assistant surgeon with the rank of captain, Nov. 10, 1879; surgeon with the rank of major, Feb. 27, 1891; chief of the record and ​pension office with the rank of colonel, May 27, 1892, and chief of the same with the rank of brigadier-general, March 2, 1899. He devised and introduced the index record card system by means of which all military and medical records are immediately available.
# The Battle of the Books and Other Short Pieces/The Logicians Refuted

THE LOGICIANS REFUTED.
Logicians have but ill defined As rational, the human kind; Reason, they say, belongs to man, But let them prove it, if they can. Wise Aristotle and Smiglesius, By ratiocinations specious, Have strove to prove with great precision, With definition and division, Homo est ratione præditum; But, for my soul, I cannot credit 'em. And must, in spite of them, maintain That man and all his ways are vain; And that this boasted lord of nature Is both a weak and erring creature. That instinct is a surer guide Than reason-boasting mortals pride; And, that brute beasts are far before 'em, Deus est anima brutorum. Whoever knew an honest brute, At law his neighbour prosecute, Bring action for assault and battery, Or friend beguile with lies and flattery? ​O'er plains they ramble unconfined, No politics disturb their mind; They eat their meals, and take their sport, Nor know who's in or out at court. They never to the levée go To treat as dearest friend a foe; They never importune his grace, Nor ever cringe to men in place; Nor undertake a dirty job, Nor draw the quill to write for Bob. Fraught with invective they ne'er go To folks at Paternoster Row: No judges, fiddlers, dancing-masters, No pickpockets, or poetasters Are known to honest quadrupeds: No single brute his fellows leads. Brutes never meet in bloody fray, Nor cut each others' throats for pay. Of beasts, it is confessed, the ape Comes nearest us in human shape; Like man, he imitates each fashion, And malice is his ruling passion: But, both in malice and grimaces, A courtier any ape surpasses. Behold him humbly cringing wait Upon the minister of state; View him, soon after, to inferiors Aping the conduct of superiors: ​He promises, with equal air, And to perform takes equal care. He, in his turn, finds imitators, At court the porters, lacqueys, waiters Their masters' manners still contract, And footmen, lords, and dukes can act. Thus, at the court, both great and small Behave alike, for all ape all.
# The Battle of the Boyn

The Battle of the Boyn;
To which are added,
The milking Pail.
Thro' the wood Laddie.
EDINBURGH— Printed for the Booksellers.
1824.
* The Battle of the Boyn
* The Milking Pail
* Thro' the Wood Laddie
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The Battle of the Books and Other Short Pieces/The Puppet Show

THE PUPPET SHOW.
The life of man to represent, And turn it all to ridicule, Wit did a puppet-show invent, Where the chief actor is a fool.
The gods of old were logs of wood, And worship was to puppets paid; In antic dress the idol stood, And priests and people bowed the head.
No wonder then, if art began The simple votaries to frame, To shape in timber foolish man, And consecrate the block to fame.
​From hence poetic fancy learned That trees might rise from human forms The body to a trunk be turned, And branches issue from the arms.
Thus Dædalus and Ovid too, That man's a blockhead have confessed, Powel and Stretch the hint pursue; Life is the farce, the world a jest.
The same great truth South Sea hath proved On that famed theatre, the ally, Where thousands by directors moved Are now sad monuments of folly.
What Momus was of old to Jove The same harlequin is now; The former was buffoon above, The latter is a Punch below.
This fleeting scene is but a stage, Where various images appear, In different parts of youth and age Alike the prince and peasant share.
Some draw our eyes by being great, False pomp conceals mere wood within, And legislators rang'd in state Are oft but wisdom in machine.
​A stock may chance to wear a crown, And timber as a lord take place, A statue may put on a frown, And cheat us with a thinking face.
Others are blindly led away, And made to act for ends unknown, By the mere spring of wires they play, And speak in language not their own.
Too oft, alas! a scolding wife Usurps a jolly fellow's throne, And many drink the cup of life Mix'd and embitter'd by a Joan.
In short, whatever men pursue Of pleasure, folly, war, or love, This mimic-race brings all to view, Alike they dress, they talk, they move.
Go on, great Stretch, with artful hand, Mortals to please and to deride, And when death breaks thy vital band Thou shalt put on a puppet's pride.
Thou shalt in puny wood be shown, Thy image shall preserve thy fame, Ages to come thy worth shall own, Point at thy limbs, and tell thy name.
​Tell Tom he draws a farce in vain, Before he looks in nature's glass; Puns cannot form a witty scene, Nor pedantry for humour pass.
To make men act as senseless wood, And chatter in a mystic strain, Is a mere force on flesh and blood, And shows some error in the brain.
He that would thus refine on thee, And turn thy stage into a school, The jest of Punch will ever be, And stand confessed the greater fool.
# The Battle of the Boyn, or, King William crossing the Boyn Water

Dated from examination of text and style.
THE
Battle of the Boyn;
OR,
King William crossing the Boyn Water.
To which is added,
Sally and Johnny.
⟨KILMARNOCK⟩: Printed for the Booksellers.
* The Battle of the Boyn, or, King William crossing the Boyn Water
* Sally and Johnny
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The Battle of the Boyn, or, King William crossing the Boyn Water/Sally and Johnny

Dated from examination of text and style.
SALLY AND JOHNNY.
IT happened on a summer evening, In the merry month of May, Just as I had quat my weaving, Thro' the grove I chanc'd to stray. There I met with lovely Sally, Blooming like a rose in June; I did not tarry long for to dally, But I kiss'd her well by the light of the moon
Thou fairest of the soft creation, While I enjoy these happy hours, Be not shy unto me, Sally, For I have thee in my power. Then I held her in my arms, Just like a flower when in its bloom, And to my bosom I did press her, I kiss'd her well by the light of the moon.
I press'd her to a bank of roses, While she said, young man, forbear, Do not hurt me, she cried, Johnny, Or I'll tear you by the hair. Don't you see my cloaths are torn, My handsome cap and new baloon; The more she grumbled, the more I tumbled, I kiss'd her well by the light of the moon.
​I lifted her by the hand, While she gave a heavy sigh, (illegible text) not leave me, she cried, Johnny, Do not leave me, or I'll die. (illegible text)r maids they will disdain me, And say I've play'd the wanton soon, (illegible text)ot leave me here a pining, Condoling my fate by the light of the moon.
⟨Then⟩ he said, my lovely Sally, Be not troubled nor afraid, ⟨Once⟩ thou'st yeilded thy charms to me, I'll be true to thee he said. ⟨Thy⟩ father he is rich and wealthy, And he calls me a silly clown; ⟨But⟩ we have got a secret pleasure, To dandle the child by the light of the moon.
⟨Thy⟩ father he is rich and wealthy, And he has no child but thee, ⟨Thy⟩ father he has gold in plenty, He must leave it all to thee. Or if he does not, I'll make a bargain, And I'll make it very soon, The first of us that does recant, Must dandle the child by the light of the moon.
When six long ⟨months⟩ was past and over, Sally's waist began to swell, ​For a long time she kept it secret, For poor girl she durst not tell. But when her father came to know it, He did rage from morn till noon; And the reason you may know it, Was, rearing the child by the light of the ⟨moon.⟩
It happened on a summer evening, I met her father, all alone; Then he cried, O cruel Johnny, You've left my Sally all undone. But if you promise to marry Sally, While you are both in your bloom, Three hundred pounds I'll quickly pay ⟨thee⟩ And half of my land by the light of the ⟨moon.⟩
Immediately I married Sally, Early by the morning dawn; Then I made him pay her portion. On the table pay it down. I did not tarry for to count it, Nor to look it over again, But I swept all into her apron, A fine lucky-penny by the light of the ⟨moon⟩.
FINIS.
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The Biographical Dictionary of America/Ames, Nathan P.

​AMES, Nathan P., manufacturer, was born at Westfield, Mass., in 1803. He was apprenticed to a cutler and became an expert forger of edged tools. He started business for himself in Chicopee Falls, Mass., where he opened a cutlery shop in 1829. The establishment soon became famous for its fine swords, and received large orders from the United States government. In 1834 the business was transferred to Cabotville, Mass., where the corporation of the Ames manufacturing company was organized, and among other important contracts the establishment furnished many of the swords and cannon used by the government in the civil war. Some of the prominent statues erected in New York, Washington, and Boston were cast by the Ames company. Mr. Ames went abroad in 1840, to make himself acquainted with the latest methods in European foundries. He died in Cabotville, Mass., April 23, 1847.
# The Biographical Dictionary of America/Ames, Oliver (manufacturer, 1779–1863)

​AMES, Oliver, manufacturer, was born in Bridgewater. Mass., April 11. 1779, son of Captain John and Susannah Howard Ames. The history of the Ames family forms an interesting chapter in the industrial annals of New England. Captain John Ames laid the foundation of the family fortune by the manufacture of shovels in Bridgewater. His son Oliver learned the business, and in 1803 established it in Easton. Hitherto, shovels were very heavy, and of course more durable than lighter ones; but Mr. Ames said, "Iron is cheaper than muscle," and henceforth made lighter shovels, by which more work could be accomplished than with the old style tool. He would never allow an imperfect article to be put upon the market, and he thus established the great reputation which the Ames manufactures have since maintained. Oliver Ames served the town of Easton three years in the state legislature, and one year in the state senate. He was a man of splendid physique, great force of character and of unswerving integrity. He died at North Easton, Sept. 11, 1863, at the ripe age of eighty-four years.
# The Biographical Dictionary of America/Ames, Oliver (governor of Massachusetts)

​AMES, Oliver, governor of Massachusetts, was born in Easton, Mass., Feb. 4, 1831, son of Oakes and Eveline (Gilmore) Ames. After a public-school and academic education he entered Brown university for a partial course of study. He gained a practical knowledge of all branches of the shovel manufacture, at which he served a full apprenticeship, and he became a member of the firm of Oliver Ames & Sons. He held various offices in the state militia, and was chosen in 1857 lieutenant-colonel of the 4th Massachusetts regiment. He was interested in town affairs, and served for twelve years as a member of the Easton school committee. Mr. Ames enjoyed a well-deserved reputation as a business man and financier, and was conspicuous in railroad, banking and manufacturing enterprises, by means of which he acquired a large fortune. In 1880 he was elected to the state senate, and was re-elected to the same position in 1881. In 1882 he was elected lieutenant-governor on the Republican ticket, although the candidate for the governorship on the same ticket was defeated by Gen. B. F. Butler, the opposing candidate. Mr. Ames was re-elected to the same office for three successive years, with George D. Robinson as governor. In 1886 he received on the first ballot the almost unanimous vote of the Republican state convention for governor, was elected, and for the two following years was re-elected to that office, which he worthily filled. He was at one time the president of the Merchants' club of Boston, and he was also president of the Boston art club. Brown university conferred upon him the honorary degree of LL.D. in 1892. During the last year of his life he was engaged in the erection of a high-school building for his native town, which was dedicated Dec. 12, 1896, and which is a monument worthy of the donor. He died at North Easton, Oct. 22, 1895.
# The Biographical Dictionary of America/Ames, Oliver (manufacturer, 1807–1877)

​AMES, Oliver, manufacturer, was born in Plymouth, Mass., Nov. 5, 1807, second son of Oliver and Susannah (Angier) Ames. He began the study of law in Easton, but his health becoming impaired he joined in the shovel business with his father and his brother Oakes, a co-partnership being formed in 1844. With Oakes he became interested in railways and united with him in building the Union Pacific railroad. In 1866 he was elected its president and held that office until March, 1871. His judgment and integrity were of service in winning final success for this enterprise. Mr. Ames served in the state senate in 1852 and 1857. He was a bank president and a director in many railroads and manufacturing enterprises. He had a clear, cultivated intellect, and was public-spirited and philanthropic. He built the beautiful and costly church at North Easton, which he presented to the Unitarian society, left a fund to build and endow the fine free library. left large funds for the schools and for the roads of Easton, and gave munificent aid to many other enterprises. He died at North Easton, March 9, 1877.
# The Biographical Dictionary of America/Ames, Samuel

​AMES, Samuel, jurist, was born in Providence, R. I., Sept. 6, 1806. He was educated at Phillips Andover academy, and was graduated from Brown university in 1823. Three years later he was admitted to the Rhode Island bar, and became prominent in public affairs. He was a member of the state legislature for several terms, presiding as speaker in 1844-'45. During what is known as the Dorr rebellion of 1842 he acted as quartermaster of the state troops, and in 1853 was elected by the legislature to represent Rhode Island in the adjustment of the boundary between that State and Massachusetts. He held many public offices, and in 1856 was made chief justice of the state supreme court, holding that office until a few weeks before his death. He was a delegate to the peace convention of 1861. He published "Rhode Island Reports" (vols. 4—7); and "Angell and Ames on Corporations." He died Dec. 20, 1865.
# The Biographical Dictionary of America/Ammen, Jacob

​AMMEN, Jacob, soldier, was born in Botetourt county, Va., Jan. 7, 1808. He was graduated from West Point in the class of 1831, and was appointed assistant instructor in mathematics and subsequently of infantry tactics at the academy. He was on active duty in Charleston harbor during the nullification troubles in South Carolina, and resigned from the army in 1837, going to Georgetown, Ky., to accept the position of professor of mathematics in Bacon college, afterwards teaching in Jefferson college, Miss., and the University ​of Indiana in 1839, '40, '43, '48. He engaged in civil engineering at Ripley, O., from 1855 to 1861, and when the civil war broke out he joined the army as captain of the 12th Ohio volunteers, serving in the campaigns of West Virginia, Tennessee and Mississippi. He gained the rank of brigadier-general of volunteers in July, 1862, and commanded the district of East Tennessee, when he resigned Jan. 14, 1865. He died Feb. 6, 1894.
# The Biographical Dictionary of America/Ames, Oakes Angier

​AMES, Oakes Angler, manufacturer, was born in Easton, Mass., April 15, 1829, son of Oakes and Eveline (Gilmore) Ames. He early gained complete knowledge of the shovel business begun by his grandfather, Oliver Ames, in 1803, and was for many years its painstaking superintendent, and ultimately its president. His business interests extended to many other important enterprises, he being president of the South Side plantation company of Louisiana, and director in the American loan and trust company of Boston, and in other concerns. He served as president of the North Easton savings bank and vice-president of the Easton national bank, and as a trustee of the Taunton lunatic asylum. He was married July 19, 1855, to Katherine, daughter of Aaron Hobart. Two sons, Hobart and Winthrop, survived him. He died at Easton, Mass., Sept. 19, 1899.
# The Biographical Dictionary of America/Amory, Robert

​AMORY, Robert, physician, was born in Boston, May 3, 1842. He was graduated from Harvard university in 1863, and from Harvard medical school in 1866. He went directly to Europe to study, and on his return to America began the practice of medicine in Brookline, Mass. In 1869 he was appointed lecturer on the physiological action of drugs, at Harvard, and professor of physiology at Bowdoin college in the following year, resigning his chair in 1874. For six years he was medical examiner for Norfolk county. He also served as secretary of the Brookline school committee, and as president and manager of the Brookline gas-light company. Among his publications are, with Dr. E. H. Clarke, "Physiological and Therapeutical Action of Bromides of Potassium and Ammonium" (1872); and with Prof. Edward S. Wood, "Wharton and Stille's Medical Jurisprudence," fourth and fifth edition (1882); "Treatise on Electrolysis in Medicine," (1886). He also became a member of the Massachusetts Medical society and of the American Academy of Arts and Science.