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# The Mythology of All Races/Volume 3/Slavic/Part 3/Chapter 2

CHAPTER II
DAŽBOG
THE statue of the divinity Dažbog, or Daždbog, whose name probably means "the Giving God," stood on a hill in the courtyard of the castle at Kiev, and beside it were the idols of Perun, Chors, Stribog, and other pagan deities. In old chronicles Dažbog is termed "Czar Sun" and "Son of Svarog;" and the fact that early Russian texts frequently translate the name of the Greek god Helios by Dažbog may be taken as proof that he was worshipped as a solar deity. In the old Russian epic Slovo o pluku Igorevě Vladimir and the Russians call themselves the grandchildren of Dažbog, which is easily explicable since the ancient Slavs often derived their origin from divine beings.
Dažbog was known not only among the Russians, but also among the Southern Slavs; and his memory is preserved in the Serbian fairy-tale of Dabog (Dajbog), in which we read, "Dabog, the Czar, was on earth, and the Lord God was in heaven," Dabog being here contrasted with God and being regarded as an evil being, since in early Christian times the old pagan deities were considered evil and devilish.
* ↑ Cf. Krek, Einleitung, p. 391, note 2, Leger, Mythologie, p. 121. The deity is, accordingly, plainly to be compared with the Samogitian god "Datanus [*Datanùs, "Inclined to Give"; see T. von Grienberger, in ASP xviii. 19-20 (1896)] donator est bonorum, seu largitor," of Lasicius, ed. Mannhardt, p. 11.
* ↑ Nestor, xxxviii (tr. Leger, p. 64).
* ↑ Cf. supra, pp. 286-87, on Svaražic and infra, p. 298, on Svarožič.
* ↑ See Mythology of All Races, Boston, 1916, i. 241–43.
* ↑ Chronicle of Hypatius, ed. V. Jagić, in ASP v. i (1881).
* ↑ Tr. Boltz, pp. 17, 20.
* ↑ Cf. Krek, Einleitung, p. 393; Leger, Mythologie, pp. 5–6, 121, note 2, is very sceptical as to the mythological value of this epic.
* ↑ Cf. V. Jagić, in ASP v. 11–12 (1881).
# The Mythology of All Races/Volume 3/Slavic/Part 3

PART III
THE DEITIES OF THE PAGAN RUSSIANS
* PAGE
* Chapter I.Perun293
* II.Dažbog297
* III.Svarožič and Svarog298
* IV.Chors299
* V.Veles, Volos, and Stribog300
# The Mythology of All Races/Volume 3/Slavic/Part 3/Chapter 4

CHAPTER IV
CHORS
AMONG the idols which Vladimir erected in Kiev mention is made of the statue of Chors (Chers, Churs, Chros). Nothing certain is known about the functions of this deity; but since old Slavic texts seem to identify him with the Greek Apollo, he is supposed to have been a god of the sun, this hypothesis being supported by a passage in the Slovo o pluku Igorevě which tells how Prince Vsevolod outstripped great Chors (i. e, the sun) like a wolf.
There is no explanation for the word Chors in Slavic, and the name is apparently of foreign origin. The most plausible supposition is that it comes from the Greek χρυσός ("gold"), so that originally it may have been simply the name of a golden or gilt idol erected in Kiev and probably representing Dažbog. If this be so, Chors and Dažbog were, in all likelihood, merely different names applied to one and the same deity.
* ↑ Nestor, xxxviii (tr. Leger, p. 64).
* ↑ Leger, Mythologie, p. 117.
* ↑ See Mythology of All Races, Boston, 1916, i. 175–82.
* ↑ Tr. Boltz, pp. 34–35.
* ↑ In similar fashion an idol (in this instance carved of stone) worshipped at the mouth of the Obi was called Zolota Baba ("Golden Gammer ") by the Russians (Guagnini, ff. 85 b–86 a).
# The Mythology of All Races/Volume 3/Slavic/Part 4

PART IV
CULT AND FESTIVALS
PLATE XXXVI
Ancient Slavic Sacrifice
Idealized representation of a Slavic priest invoking a divinity. Cf. another modern artist's conception of the festival of Svantovit in Plate XXXII. After a picture by N. Aleš.
PLATE XXXVII
The Sacred Oak of Romowe
The great centre of the cult of the ancient Prussians was at Romowe, a place of uncertain localization. Here lived the head priest, the Kriwe, and here a perpetual fire was maintained. According to the historian Simon Grunau, who wrote in the earlypart of the sixteenth century, a triad of gods— Perkúnas, Potrympus, and Patollus, deities of thunder (see pp. 293, 319, 325), rivers and springs (and hence of vegetation and good fortune), and of the underworld respectively—received adoration in this place. His conception is here reproduced (cf. his Preussische Chronik, II. v. 2). In the oak, which remained green summer and winter, and which was screened from profane gaze, were the idols of the gods, each with his emblem before him: the head of a man, a horse, and a cow before Patollus; a perpetual fire of oak before Perúnas (cf. Part III, Note 10 on the oak as his sacred tree); and a pot containing a serpent, carefully fed by the priests, before Potrympus (the cult of the household snake, probably the harmless common ringed snake of Europe, was an important part of ancient Baltic religion). In the open spaces are piles of wood for the sacred fire, and the houses of the Waidelots, or ordinary priests, surround the whole. We have, however, no evidence that the ancient Prussians possessed idols of their gods, and in many respects the statements of Grunau are open to grave doubt. After a picture in C. Hartknoch, Selectae dissertationes historicae de variis rebus Prussicis, appended to his edition of the Chronicon Prussiae of Peter of Dusburg (Frankfort and Leipzig, 1679).
* PAGE
* Chapter I.Worship of the Gods305
* II.The Koleda307
* III.The Rusalye311
* IV.The Kupalo and Jarilo313
# The Mythology of All Races/Volume 3/Slavic/Part 2/Chapter 5

CHAPTER V
OTHER DEITIES
IN addition to the deities mentioned above, the names of other divinities of the Elbe Slavs have come down to us, although we possess no details concerning them.
Pripégala is mentioned in a pastoral letter of Archbishop Adelgot of Magdeburg in 1108, where he is compared with Priapus and Baal-peor (the Beelphegor of the Septuagint and Vulgate). This comparison, however, seems to have no foundation except the similar sound of the syllables pri and p(h)eg.
The idol Podaga is mentioned by Helmold, while the names of Turupid, Pisamar (Bešomar?), and Tiernoglav (Triglav?) occur in the Knytlingasaga.
The Elbe Slavs worshipped goddesses as well as gods, and Thietmar not only states that the walls of the temples in Riedegast (Radgost) were adorned with various figures of deities both male and female, but elsewhere he tells how the Lutices angrily resented an affront done to a goddess. The only female divinity actually mentioned by name, however, is Siva (=Živa, "the Living"), the Žywie of Polish mythology, whom Helmold calls goddess of the Polabians.
* ↑ Cited by A. Brückner, in ASP vi. 220–22 (1882).
* ↑ Priapus was a Graeco-Roman deity of fertility who was represented in obscene form and worshipped licentiously; for Baal-peor cf. Numbers xxv. 1–5, Hosea ix, 10, as well as Numbers xxxi. 16, Revelation ii. 14.
* ↑ i. 83.
* ↑ cxxii. Leger, Mythologie, p. 22, regards Tiemoglav as an error for *Carnoglovy ("Black-Headed").
* ↑ vi. 17.
* ↑ ib. vii. 47.
* ↑ i. 52.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Stone, Lucy

Edition of 1916. See also Lucy Stone on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
STONE, Lucy (1818-93). A pioneer American woman suffragist. She was born at West Brookfield, Mass., and graduated at Oberlin College in 1847. She went to Oberlin because she wished to learn Hebrew and Greek in order to know at first hand whether the biblical texts quoted against the equal rights of women were true translations. In 1848 she lectured on woman's rights at Gardner, Mass., and in the same year toured the New England States and Canada in behalf of the antislavery movement. She married Henry B. Blackwell, brother of Elizabeth Blackwell (q.v.), in 1855, but retained her maiden name with her husband's consent. In 1857 she removed to New Jersey, where the seizure of her property for taxes caused her
to write a pungent protest, using as a logical weapon the motto of the Revolution, “no taxation without representation.” She lectured during the political campaigns for the woman's suffrage amendments (1867-82), took the most prominent part in founding the American Woman's Suffrage Association in 1869, was president thereof in 1872, and was chairman of its executive committee in 1869-89. In 1870-72 she was coeditor of the Boston Woman's Journal, and from 1872 to the year of her death she was its editor in chief, assisted by her husband and her daughter, Alice Stone Blackwell (q.v.). She died at Dorchester, Mass.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Steinbock

Edition of 1905. See also Alpine Ibex and Steenbok on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
STEINBOCK (Ger., stone-goat), or STEINBUCK. (1) The European ibex (q.v.). (2) In South Africa, by transference, the Dutch name (also ‘steenbok’) for the small antelopes of the genus Nanotragus, specifically the widespread Nanotragus campestris, which abounds in open or thinly wooded and hilly places from the Cape to the Zambezi River. It is of an indeterminate reddish hue, about 24 inches tall, long-necked, with short, erect, forward-curving ringed horns, and exceedingly swift and active, and skillful in hiding. Other species of the genus are the oribi, grysbok, and royal antelope (qq.v.), with still others in Zanzibar and Abyssinia. Consult Proceedinqs of the Zoölogical Society of London for 1900.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Stone, William Leete

Edition of 1905. See also William Leete Stone, Sr. and William Leete Stone, Jr. on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
STONE, William Leete (1792-1844). An American journalist and historical writer, born at Newpaltz, N. Y. After editing several provincial journals he became editor of the New York Commercial Advertiser in 1821. He earnestly furthered a plan for collecting the colonial documents of New York, and was defendant in a famous suit brought by the novelist Cooper for criticisms that had appeared in his journal on that novelist's Home as Found and the History
of the Navy. (See Cooper, J. F.) He was active in furthering benevolent institutions for the deaf and dumb and for juvenile delinquents. Among his many publications the revolutionary Tales and Sketches (2 vols., 1834), Maria Monk and the Nunnery of the Hôtel Dieu (1836), and a social satire Ups and Downs in the Life of a Distressed Gentleman (1836) are still of interest. Better known probably are his Life of Joseph Brant (1838); Life of Red Jacket (1840); and Uncus and Miantonomeh (1842). An account of his other works is given in Life and Writings of Col. William L. Stone (1866), by his son, William Leete Stone, Jr. (b. 1835), himself the author of many works of antiquarian research connected with the Revolutionary epoch, among which the more noteworthy are: The Life and Times of Sir William Johnson, Bart.; Revolutionary Letters: Burgoyne's Campaign; History of New York City; Reminiscences of Saratoga and Ballston. He edited also Ballads of the Burgoyne Campaign and Other Revolutionary Memorials.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Storey, Moorfield

Edition of 1905. See also Moorfield Storey on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
STO′REY, Moorfield (1845—). An American lawyer, born in Roxbury, Mass. He graduated at Harvard in 1866, studied at the Harvard Law School, and in 1869 was admitted to the bar. In 1867-69 he was private secretary to Senator Charles Sumner, and in the latter year began the practice of his profession in Boston. An Independent in polities, he was prominent in the ‘Mugwump’ movement of 1884, and after the Spanish War became an ardent Anti-Imperialist and was defeated for Congress in 1900. He published the Life of Charles Sumner (1900) in “American Statesmen Series.”
# The New International Encyclopædia/Steiner, Jakob

Edition of 1905. See also Jakob Steiner on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
STEINER, stī'nẽr, Jakob (1796-1863). A Swiss mathematician, born at Utzenstorf, near Solothurn. He studied at Heidelberg, gave private instruction in Berlin, and in 1834 was made assistant professor in the university and member of the Academy of Sciences. Steiner's chief work is the Systematische Entwicklung der Abhängigkeit geometrischer Gestalten (1832; in the Ostwald Classics, 1896). He also wrote: Die geometrischen Konstruktionen ausgeführt mittels der geraden Linie und eines festen Kreises (1833; in the Ostwald Classics, 1895). His Vorlesungen über synthetische Geometrie (3d ed. 1887) and his Gesammelte Werke (1881-82) appeared posthumously. Consult Graf, Der Mathematiker Jakob Steiner von Utzenstorf (Bern, 1897).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Steinheil, Karl August

Edition of 1905. See also Carl August von Steinheil on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
STEINHEIL, stīn'hīl, Karl August (1801-70). A German physicist and astronomer, born in Rappoltsweiler, Alsace. He studied law at the University of Erlangen, and astronomy at Göttingen and Königsberg. He became professor of physics and mathematics in the University of Munich; later entered the Austrian Government service, organized and perfected the telegraph system in that country, and brought about the Austrian-German Telegraph Association; performed a similar service for Switzerland; and in 1852 returned to Munich. In 1854 he founded an establishment for making superior optical and astronomical instruments, where the great telescopes of the observatories of Upsala, Mannheim, Leipzig, Utrecht, etc., were made, and where he
began the making of the photograph objectives since known by his name.
Steinheil devised an electromagnetic telegraph, in 1836 constructed the first printing telegraph, and in 1838 discovered the possibility of leading back the current through the ground. He invented the electrical clock, constructed an excellent pyroscope, and made the first daguerreotype picture in Germany. He also completed the laws of electrotype, and constructed several optical instruments. Consult Marggraff, Karl August Steinheil und sein Wirken (Munich, 1888).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Stohmann, Friedrich Karl Adolf

Edition of 1905. See also Friedrich Stohmann on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
STOHMANN, stō'mȧn, Friedrich Karl Adolf (1832—). A German agricultural chemist, born in Bremen, and educated at Göttingen and London. He was Graham's assistant at University College from 1853 to 1855, and afterwards assisted Henneberg at Celle. In 1862 he started the station for agricultural experiments at Brunswick. He was called to Halle in 1865 and to Leipzig in 1871, where he was director of the agricultural physiological institute of the university. His principal investigations had to do with the nourishment of animals. He wrote: Beiträge zur Begründung einer rationellen Fütterung der Wiederkäuer (1860); Biologische Studien (1873); Handbuch der technischen Chemie (1872 and 1874); Handbuch der Zuckerfabrikation (1878); and Die Stärkefabrikation (1878).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Stone, Harlan Fiske

Edition of 1916. See also Harlan F. Stone on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
STONE, Harlan Fiske (1872-). An American legal scholar and educator, born at Chesterfield, N. H. He graduated at Amherst College in 1894, and at Columbia Law School in 1898. Admitted to the bar, he became a member of the firm of Satterlee, Canfield, and Stone, and also gained interests in certain corporations. From 1898 to 1902 he was lecturer in law at Columbia, from 1902 to 1905 he was professor of law, and in 1910 he became dean of the law school of the university. He contributed to law journals and published Law and its Administration (1915), Hewitt lectures at Cooper Union.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Steinamanger

Edition of 1905. See also Szombathely on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
STEINAMANGER, stīn'ȧm-äng'ẽr (Hung. Szombathely). The capital of the County of Eisenburg (Vas), Hungary, 68 miles south of Pressburg (Map: Hungary, E 3). It has a beautiful modern cathedral, a fine county building, and a theological seminary. Important State railway workshops are located here, and two factories for agricultural machinery. Steinamanger is on the site of the Roman Sabaria, and has ruins of a triumphal arch, amphitheatre, and aqueduct in the vicinity, with many remains in the local museum. Population, in 1900, 24,751.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Stone, John Timothy

Edition of 1916. See also John Timothy Stone on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
STONE, John Timothy (1868-). An American Presbyterian clergyman. He was born in Boston and graduated at Amherst College (1891) and at Auburn Theological Seminary (1894). He was pastor of churches at Utica and Cortlandt, N. Y., until 1900; then of the Brown Memorial Church, Baltimore, until 1909; and in that year became pastor of the Fourth Presbyterian Church, Chicago. In 1913-14 he was moderator of the general assembly of the Presbyterian church. He published: Footsteps in a Parish (1908); Recruiting for Christ (1910); also monographs on educational and religious subjects.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Fort McHenry

Edition of 1905. See also Fort McHenry on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ FORT McHEN′RY. A United States military post, established in 1794. It occupies a reservation of 35 acres, on Whetstone Point, Patapsco River, Md. The post-office and telegraph station are Baltimore, Md., from the centre of which city it is distant three miles. Its site was first occupied for military purposes in 1775. In 1794 it was established as a permanent fortification, and was named after James McHenry, one of Washington's private secretaries during the Revolution, and Secretary of War, 1798. In September, 1814, it successfully withstood a bombardment by the British fleet under Admiral Cockburn. It was this attack which suggested to Francis S. Key his famous ode, “The Star Spangled Banner.” During the Civil War the fort was used as a rendezvous and military prison. In 1902 there was an artillery garrison of four companies. Forts Armistead and Carroll are subposts.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Fort Meigs

Edition of 1905. See also Fort Meigs on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ FORT MEIGS, mĕgz. A former fort at the Maumee Rapids, in northwestern Ohio, famous for its defense by the Americans against the English and Indians during the War of 1812. General Harrison had established his advanced post here after the ‘Massacre of the River Raisin’ (see Frenchtown), and on May 1, 1813, the British General Proctor, at the head of more than 2200 men (including about 1500 Indians under Tecumseh), began an attack, which lasted, with little intermission, until the 5th. On this day an American reinforcement of about 1100 men, under Gen. Green Clay, arrived, and a battle, or series of battles, ensued, without decisive result. Proctor, however, seeing the hopelessness of further attack, and being considerably weakened by Indian defections, withdrew from the vicinity of the fort on the 9th. Consult: Dawson, Battles of the United States (New York, 1858); and Lossing, Pictorial Field Book of the War of 1812 (New York, 1868).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Fort Wayne (Detroit)

Edition of 1906. See also Fort Wayne (Detroit) on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​FORT WAYNE. A United States military post, established in 1842, and containing a reservation of 63 acres on the Detroit River, near the city of Detroit, which is the post-office and telegraph station. There are quarters for a battalion of infantry.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Fort Meade

Edition of 1905. See also Fort Meade (South Dakota) on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ FORT MEADE. A United States military post, established in 1878, and occupying a reservation of 7842 acres, in Meade County, near Sturgis, S. D., on the Fremont, Elkhorn and Missouri Valley Railroad. There are quarters for 25 officers and 500 men, and stables for 600 horses. It was improved and modernized in 1902.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Fort Washington (Potomac)

Edition of 1906. See also Fort Washington Park on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​FORT WASHINGTON. A United States military post, established in 1815, and comprising a reservation of 334 acres on the left bank of the Potomac River, 14½ miles below Washington, D. C. The garrison consists of three companies of coast artillery.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Fort Wayne (Indiana)

Edition of 1906. See also Fort Wayne, Indiana on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​FORT WAYNE. A city and railroad centre, the county-seat of Allen County, Ind., 150 miles east by south of Chicago, Ill., at the junction of the Saint Joseph's and Saint Mary's rivers, which here unite in the Maumee, and on the Pittsburg, Fort Wayne and Chicago, the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern, the Grand Rapids and Indiana, the New York, Chicago and Saint Louis, the Wabash, the Lake Erie and Western, and the Cincinnati, Hamilton and Dayton railroads (Map: Indiana, D 1). It occupies an area of nearly 10 square miles on a plateau at an elevation of 775 feet, and has a United States Government building, a court-house that cost over $1,000,000, Saint Joseph's and Hope hospitals, Indiana School for Feeble-Minded Youth, orphan asylums, a public-library building, for the erection of which Andrew Carnegie gave $75,000, three public parks, and monuments to Anthony Wayne and Henry W. Lawton. It is also the seat of Concordia College (Lutheran), opened in 1839. The city is in an agricultural district and has important manufacturing interests. The industrial plants include shops of the Pennsylvania and the Wabash railroads, foundries and machine-shops, wheel-works, flouring-mills, electric-light works, knitting-mills, oil-tank works, packing houses, shirt and waist factories, etc.
Fort Wayne is governed by a mayor, who holds office for four years, and a unicameral council. Of the municipal officials, the boards of health, public works, and public safety are appointed by the mayor and confirmed by the council. The annual income of the city, including revenues of water-works, amounts to about $650,000, expenditures to $475,000, the principal items of expense being $30,000 for the police department (including amounts for police courts, jails, etc.), $50,000 for the fire department, and $100,000 for schools. The water-works, which are owned by the city, are operated at a yearly cost of about $40,000. Fort Wayne is built on the site of the principal village of the Miami Indians and near the site of the old French Fort Miami. In October, 1790, General Harmar burned the village. In 1794 Gen. Anthony Wayne built a fort here which, in September of 1812, was closely besieged by the Indians. A village gradually grew up and was chartered as a city in 1839, though growth of the place was very slow until after the completion of the Wabash and Erie Canal in 1840, and of several railroads between 1850 and 1860. Population, in 1850, 4282; in 1870, 17,718; in 1890, 35,393; in 1900, 45,115.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Fort McAllister

Edition of 1905. See also Fort McAllister on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ FORT McALL′ISTER, a strong earthwork, erected by the Confederates during the Civil War on Genesis Point, on the right bank of the Great Ogeechee River, six miles from Ossabaw Sound, and 12 miles south of Savannah, Ga. Early in 1863 Admiral Du Pont, wishing to give the recently constructed monitors a preliminary trial before using them against Fort Sumter (q.v.), ordered the Montauk (Commander J. L. Worden), assisted by the gunboats Seneca, Wissahickon, Dawn, and Williams, to attack Fort McAllister. Bombardments occurred, without serious damage either to the fleet or the fort, on January 27th and February 28th, the Confederate privateer Nashville, which had grounded near the fort, being destroyed on the latter day. On March 30th an eight-hour attack, with little effect, was made by the monitors Passaic, Patapsco, and Nahant, under Commander Drayton. Finally, on December 13, 1864, the fort was assaulted and captured by General Hazen's division of General Sherman's army. This was the concluding operation of Sherman's march to the sea, and led to the surrender of Savannah several days later. Consult: Ammen, The Atlantic Coast (New York, 1883); Johnson and Buel (editors), Battles and Leaders of the Civil War, vol. iv. (New York, 1887); and Sherman, Memoirs, vol. ii. (New York, 1875).