OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ewing v. Mytinger & Casselberry

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## Concurring Opinion

    Burton

## Dissenting Opinions

    Frankfurter
    Jackson
United States Supreme Court
339 U.S. 594
Ewing v. Mytinger & Casselberry
Argued: April 19-20, 1950. --- Decided: May 29, 1950
See 71 S.Ct. 69.
Mr. Robert L. Stern, Washington, D.C., for appellants.
Mr. Charles S. Rhyne, Washington, D.C., for appellee.
Mr. Justice DOUGLAS delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Ewing v. Mytinger & Casselberry/Dissent Jackson

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
* Concurring Opinion Burton
* Dissenting Opinions Frankfurter Jackson
United States Supreme Court
339 U.S. 594
Ewing v. Mytinger & Casselberry
Argued: April 19-20, 1950. --- Decided: May 29, 1950
Mr. Justice JACKSON, dissenting.
The Court does not deal at all with what appears to be the ultimate issue decided by the court below.
The trial court of three judges wrote no opinion but made forty-three detailed findings of fact which would require twenty of these printed pages to reproduce and which summarize a 1,500-page record of a long trial. Those findings are made largely on undisputed evidence and on evidence from government sources. This Court does not criticize or reverse any of them.
The substance of these is to find that the Government instituted a multiplicity of court actions, with seizures in widely separated parts of the country, with a purpose to harass appellee and its dealers and intending that these actions and the attendant publicity would injure appellee's business before any of the issues in such cases could be tried. This, the court held, was justified by no emergency, the product being, at worst, harmless and having been marketed for years with knowledge of the Department.
Assuming as I do that the Act on its face is not constitutionally defective, the question remains whether it has been so misused by refusal of administrative hearing, together with such irreparable injury in anticipation of judicial hearing, as to deny appellee due process of law or to amount to an abuse of process of the courts.
The Government has sought and received from this Court protection against a multiplicity of suits under circumstances where injury was less apparent than in this. Landis v. North American Co., 299 U.S. 248, 57 S.Ct. 163, 81 L.Ed. 153. The holding of the court below and the contention of the appellee here that the Government is not entitled to so apply the statute as to bring multiple actions designed to destroy a business before it can be heard in its own defense is not frivolous, to say the least.
I am constrained to withhold assent to a decision that passes in silence what I think presents a serious issue.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Ewing v. Gardner/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
United States Supreme Court
341 U.S. 321
Ewing v. Gardner
Argued: May 7, 1951. ---
The petition for writ of certiorari is granted. The sole question presented by the petition is the validity of the affirmance by the Court of Appeals of the judgment rendered against the petitioner for costs by the District Court. There being no express statutory authority for the allowance of costs to the respondent, such an award of costs is precluded by 28 U.S.C. § 2412(a). The judgment of the Court of Appeals, insofar as it relates to the taxation of costs against the petitioner, is therefore reversed.
Reversed in part.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Acre (2.)

See also Acre, Israel on Wikipedia; Acre, Israel, on Wikipedia; Acre in the 11th Edition; and the disclaimer.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Acrobat

See also Acrobatics on Wikipedia; Acrobatics on Wikipedia; Acrobat in the 11th Edition; and the disclaimer.
​Acrobat (from ἀκροβατέω, to walk on tiptoe), a rope-dancer. Evidence exists that there were very skilful performers on the tight-rope (funambuli) among the ancient Romans. Modern acrobats generally use a long pole, loaded at the ends, and by shifting this are enabled to maintain, or readily to recover, their equilibrium. By an extension of the meaning of the term, acrobatic feats now include trapèze leaping and similar performances.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Acre

See also Acre (disambiguation) on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
In the 9th edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica, Acre may refer to:
* Acre as an English measure of surface;
* Acre as a town of Syria.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Abæ

See also Abae on Wikipedia; Abae in the 11th Edition; and the disclaimer.
​Abæ, a town of ancient Greece in the E. of Phocis, famous for a temple and oracle of Apollo. The temple was plundered and burned by the Persians (B.C. 480), and again by the Bœotians (B.C. 346), and was restored on a smaller scale by Hadrian. Remains of the temple and town may still be traced on a peaked hill near Exarkho. See Leake's Northern Greece.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Acqui

See also Acqui Terme on Wikipedia; Acqui on Wikipedia; Aqui in the 11th Edition; and the disclaimer.
​Acqui, a town of Northern Italy, in the province of Alessandria, 18 miles S.S.W of the city of that name, on the left bank of the Bormida. It is a place of great antiquity; and its hot sulphur baths, which are still much frequented, were known to the Romans, who gave the place the name of Aquæ Statiella. There are still to be found numerous ancient inscriptions, and the remains of a Roman aqueduct. The town is the seat of a bishop, and has a fine cathedral, several convents, and a royal college. Good wine is produced in the vineyards of the district, and great attention is given to the rearing of silk-worms. There are also considerable silk manufactures. Population, 8600.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Acre (1.)

See also Weights and Measures in this work; Acre on Wikipedia; Acre in the 11th Edition; and the disclaimer.
​Acre, a measure of surface, being the principal denomination of land-measure used in Great Britain. The word (akin to the Saxon acer, the German acker, and the Latin ager, a field) did not originally signify a determinate quantity of land, but any open ground. The English standard or imperial acre contains 4840 square yards, or 10 square chains, and is also divided into roods, of which it contains 4, the rood again being divided in 40 perches. The imperial acre has, by the Act 5 Geo. IV. c. 74, superseded the acres, of very different extent, that were in use in different parts of the country. The old Scottish acre was equal to 1.26118345 imperial acres. The Irish acre contains 7840 square yards. The acre is equivalent to .40467, i.e., about 2/5ths, of the French hectare (now the basis of superficial measurement in Germany, Italy and Spain, as well as in France), .7 of the Austrian joch, .37 of the Russian desätine, and 1.62 Roman jugera. The hectare corresponds to 2 acres 1 rood 35.38 perches.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Abraham Hyacinthe Anquetil du Perron

See also Abraham Hyacinthe Anquetil-Duperron on Wikipedia; Abraham Hyacinthe Anquetil-Duperron on Wikipedia, Abraham Hyacinthe Anquetil Duperron in the 11th Edition; and the disclaimer.
laws of the Hindus ; but the capture of Pondicherry obliged him to quit India. Returning to Europe in an English vessel, he spent some time in London and Oxford, and then set out for France. He arrived in Paris in May 1762, without fortune or the desire of acquiring it, but esteeming himself rich in the possession of one hundred and eighty Oriental manuscripts, besides other curiosities. The Abbo Barthelemy procured for him a pension, with the appointment of interpreter of Oriental languages at the Royal Library. In 1763 he was elected an associate of the Academy of the Belles Letters ; and began to arrange for the publication of the materials he had collected during his Eastern travels. In 1771 he published in three vols. 4to, the Zend-Avesta, containing collections from the sacred writings of the Persians, a life of Zoroaster, and fragments of works ascribed to that sage. The work was a very im portant} accession to our stores of Oriental literature. Sir John Malcolm (Hist, of Persia, vol. i. p. 193, note) refers to the Zend-Avesta as the most authentic source of infor mation on the religion and institutions of the great Persian legislator. In 1778 he published his Legislation Orientale, in which he controverted the system of Montesquieu, and endeavoured to prove that the nature of Oriental despotism had been greatly misrepresented. His Recherches His- toriques et G Gograpliiqv.es sur I lnde appeared in 1786, and formed part of Thieffenthaler s Geography of India. The Revolution seems to have greatly affected him. During that period he abandoned society, and shut himself up in literary seclusion. In 1798 he published in 2 vols. 8vo, L Inde en Rapport avec I Europe, a work remarkable for its invectives against the English, and its numerous misrepresentations. In 1804 he published in 2 vols. 4to, a Latin translation from the Persian of the Oupnek kat or Upanischada, i.e., secrets which must not be revealed. It is a curious mix ture of Latin, Greek, Persian, Arabic, and Sanscrit. (See Ed. Rev., vol. i. pp. 412-421). On the reorganisation of the Institute, Anquetil was elected a member, but soon afterwards gave in his resignation. He died at Paris 17th January 1805. Besides the works named above, he was the author of several others on subjects connected with the history and antiquities of the East. See Biographic, Universelle; Monthly Revieie, vol. Ixi. ; Lord Teignmouth s
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Boadicea

See also Boudica on Wikipedia; Boudica on Main Page; Boadicea in the 11th Edition; and the disclaimer.
BOADICEA, a British queen in the time of the Emperor Nero. She was wife of Prasutagus, king of the Iceni, a people inhabiting the eastern coast of Britain. On his deathbed, 60 A.D., Prasutagus named the emperor heir to his accumulated treasures conjointly with his own two daughters, in expectation of securing thereby Nero's protection for his family and people; but he was no sooner dead than the emperor's officers seized all. Boadicea's opposition to these unjust proceedings was resented with such cruelty, that orders were given that she should be publicly whipped, and her daughters exposed to the brutality of the soldiers. The Britons took up arms, with Boadicea at their head, to shake off the Roman yoke; the colony of Camalodunum or Colchester was taken, and the Romans were massacred wherever they could be found. The whole province of Britain would have been lost to Rome, if Suetonius Paulinus had not hastened from the Isle of Mona, and at the head of 10,000 men engaged the Britons, who are said to have amounted to 230,000. A great battle was fought, which resulted in the complete defeat of the Britons (62 A.D.) Boadicea, who had displayed extraordinary valour, soon after despatched herself by poison. (Tac. Ann. xiv. Agric., 15-16; Dion Cass. lxii.)
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Benvenuto Tisio

See also Benvenuto Tisi on Wikipedia; Benvenuto Tisio in the 11th Edition; and the disclaimer.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Bloch, Mark Eliezer

See also Marcus Elieser Bloch on Wikipedia; Bloch, Mark Eliezer; and the disclaimer.
BLOCH, Mark Eliezer, a German naturalist, born at Ansbach, of very poor Jewish parents, about the year 1730. Having entered the employment of a surgeon at Hamburg, he was enabled by his own exertions to supply the want of early education, and made great progress in the study of anatomy, as well as in the other departments of medical science. After taking his degree as doctor at Frankfort-on-the-Oder he established himself as a physician at Berlin, and found means to collect there a valuable museum of objects from all the three kingdoms of nature, as well as an extensive library. His first work of importance was an essay on the different species of worms found in the bodies of other animals, which gained the prize offered by the Academy of Copenhagen. Many of his papers on different subjects of natural history, comparative anatomy, and physiology, were published in the collections of the various academies of Germany, Holland, and Russia, particularly in that of the Friendly Society of Naturalists at Berlin. But his greatest work was his Allgemeine Naturgeschichte der Fische (12 vols., 1782-95), which occupied the labour of a considerable portion of his life, and is considered to have laid the foundations of the science of ichthyology. The publication was encouraged by a large subscription, and it passed rapidly through five editions in German and in French. Bloch made little or no alteration in the systematic arrangement of Artedi and Linnæus, although he was disposed to introduce into the classification some modifications depending on the structure of the gills, especially on the presence or absence of a fifth gill, without a bony arch. To the number of genera before established he found it necessary to add nineteen new ones; and he described 176 new species, many of them inhabitants of the remotest parts of the ocean, and by the brilliancy of their colours, or the singularity of their forms, as much objects of popular admiration as of scientific curiosity. In 1797 he paid a visit to Paris, in order to examine the large collections of such subjects of natural history as had been inaccessible to him on the shores of the Baltic; and he returned to Berlin by way of Holland. His health, which had hitherto been unimpaired, began now to decline. He went to Carlsbad for its recovery, but his constitution was exhausted, and he died there on the 6th of August 1799.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Bertrand Andrieu

See also Bertrand Andrieu on Wikipedia; Bertrand Andrieu at Wikipedia, Bertrand Andrieu in the 11th Edition; and the disclaimer.
ANDRIEU, Bertrand, a celebrated engraver of medals, born, 24th November 1761, at Bordeaux. He is considered as the restorer of the art in France, which had declined after the time of Louis XIV.; and was so highly esteemed, that during the last twenty years of his life he was en trusted by the French Government with, the execution of every work of importance. Many of his medals are figured in the Medallic History of Napoleon. He died at Paris 6th December 1822.
# Executive Order 12751

more info.
See the Notes section for a listing of Executive Orders affected by or related to the issuance of this Executive Order.
Signed by President George Herbert Walker Bush Thursday, February 14, 1991
Federal Register page & date: 56 FR 6787, Tuesday, February 19, 1991
Executive Order 12751 of February 14, 1991
Health Care Services for Operation Desert Storm
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including the National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.), section 5011A of title 38 of the United States Code, and pursuant to the national emergency declared with respect to Iraq in Executive Order No. 12722 of August 2, 1990, it is hereby ordered that, in the event that the Department of Veterans Affairs is requested by the Department of Defense to furnish care and services to members of the United States Armed Forces on active duty in Operation Desert Storm, the Secretary of Veterans Affairs may, pursuant to this order, enter into contracts with private facilities for the provision of hospital care and medical services for veterans to the fullest extent authorized by section 5011A(b)(1)-(2) of title 38 of the United States Code.

## Notes

Shortcut: WS:USEO

### See Related

* Executive Order 12722, August 2, 1990

### Revoked by

* Executive Order 13350, July 29, 2004
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Executive Order 12754

more info.
See the Notes section for a listing of Executive Orders affected by or related to the issuance of this Executive Order.
Signed by President George Herbert Walker Bush Tuesday, March 12, 1991
Federal Register page & date: 56 FR 11055, Friday, March 15, 1991
Executive Order 12754 of March 12, 1991
Establishing the Southwest Asia Service Medal
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including my authority as Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces of the United States, it is hereby ordered as follows:
Section 1.
    There is estabtished, with suitable appurtenances, the Southwest Asia Service Medal. It may be awarded to members of the Armed Forces of the United States who participated in military operations in Southwest Asia or in the surrounding contiguous waters or air space on or after August 2, 1990, and before a terminal date to be prescribed by the Secretary of Defense.
Sec. 2.
    The Southwest Asia Service Medal may be awarded posthumously to any person covered by, and under the circumstances described in, section 1 of this order.
Sec. 3.
    The Secretaries of the Military Departments, with the approval of the Secretary of Defense, and the Secretary of Transportation with respect to the Coast Guard when it is not operating as a service in the Navy, are directed to prescribe uniform regulations governing the award and wearing of the Southwest Asia Service Medal.

## Notes

Shortcut: WS:USEO

### Amended by

* Executive Order 12790, March 3, 1992
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Executive Order 12758

more info.
See the Notes section for a listing of Executive Orders affected by or related to the issuance of this Executive Order.
Signed by President George Herbert Walker Bush Friday, April 5, 1991
Federal Register page & date: 56 FR 14631, Wednesday, April 10, 1991
Executive Order 12758 of April 5, 1991
Addition to Level IV of the Executive Schedule
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and laws of the United States of America, including section 5317 of title 5 of the United States Code, and in order to place an additional position in Level IV of the Executive Schedule, it is hereby ordered that section 1-101 of Executive Order No. 12154, as amended, is further amended by adding the following new subsection:
| "(j) | Director of the National Institutes of Health." |

## Notes

Shortcut: WS:USEO

### Amends

* Executive Order 12154, September 4, 1979
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Executive Order 12755

more info.
See the Notes section for a listing of Executive Orders affected by or related to the issuance of this Executive Order.
Signed by President George Herbert Walker Bush Tuesday, March 12, 1991
Federal Register page & date: 56 FR 11057, Friday, March 15, 1991
Executive Order 12755 of March 12, 1991
Administration of Export Controls
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including the Export Administration Act of 1969, as amended (50 U.S.C. App. 2401 et seq.), and in order to amend Executive Order No. 12002, it is hereby ordered as follows:
Section 1.
    Section 3 of Executive Order No. 12002 is amended to read as follows:
Sec. 2.
    Section 4 of Executive Order No. 12002 is amended by adding in the third sentence between "national security," and "and the domestic economy," the words "concerns about the nonproliferation of armaments,".
Sec. 3.
    This order shall take effect immediately.

## Notes

Shortcut: WS:USEO

### Amends

* Executive Order 12002, July 7, 1977

### See Related

* Executive Order 11533, June 4, 1970;
* Executive Order 12923, June 30, 1994;
* Executive Order 12924, August 19, 1994;
* Executive Order 13222, August 17, 2001
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Executive Order 12753

more info.
See the Notes section for a listing of Executive Orders affected by or related to the issuance of this Executive Order.
Signed by President George Herbert Walker Bush Friday, March 8, 1991
Federal Register page & date: 56 FR 10501, Tuesday, March 12, 1991
Executive Order 12753 of March 8, 1991
Nuclear Cooperation With EURATOM
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and laws of the United States of America, including Section 126a(2) of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended (a)(2)), and having determined that, upon the expiration of the period specified in the first proviso to Section 126a(2) of such Act and extended for 12-month periods by Executive Orders Nos. 12193, 12295, 12351, 12409, 12463, 12506, 12554, 12587, 12629, 12670, and 12706, failure to continue peaceful nuclear cooperation with the European Atomic Energy Community would be seriously prejudicial to the achievement of U.S. non-proliferation objectives and would otherwise jeopardize the common defense and security of the United States, and having notified the Congress of this determination, I hereby extend the duration of that period to March 10, 1992. Executive Order No. 12706 shall be superseded the effective date of this Executive order.

## Notes

Shortcut: WS:USEO

### Supersedes

* Executive Order 12706, March 9, 1990

### Superseded by

* Executive Order 12791, March 9, 1992

### See Related

* Executive Order 12193, February 12, 1980;
* Executive Order 12295, February 24, 1981;
* Executive Order 12351, March 9, 1982;
* Executive Order 12409, March 7, 1983;
* Executive Order 12463, February 23, 1984;
* Executive Order 12506, March 4, 1985;
* Executive Order 12554, February 28, 1986;
* Executive Order 12587, March 9, 1987;
* Executive Order 12629, March 9, 1988;
* Executive Order 12670, March 9, 1989;
* Executive Order 12706, March 9, 1990;
* Executive Order 12791, March 9, 1992;
* Executive Order 12840, March 9, 1993;
* Executive Order 12903, March 9, 1994;
* Executive Order 12955, March 9, 1995
* Treaty establishing the European Atomic Energy Community
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Executive Order 12756

more info.
See the Notes section for a listing of Executive Orders affected by or related to the issuance of this Executive Order.
Signed by President George Herbert Walker Bush Monday, March 18, 1991
Federal Register page & date: 56 FR 11903, Wednesday, March 20, 1991
Executive Order 12756 of March 18, 1991
Continuance of the President's Drug Advisory Council
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, and in accordance with the provisions of the Federal Advisory Committee Act, as amended (5 U.S.C. App. 2), it is hereby ordered as follows:
Section 1.
    The President's Drug Advisory Council, established by Executive Order No. 12696, is continued until November 13, 1993.
Sec. 2.
    The second sentence of Section 1(a) of Executive Order No. 12696 is amended by deleting "30" and inserting "35" in lieu thereof.

## Notes

Shortcut: WS:USEO

### Amends

* Executive Order 12696, November 13, 1989
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse