OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/François-Louis Blosius

From volume 2 of the work.
(DE BLOIS).
A Benedictine abbot and spiritual writer, born at Donstienne, near Liège, Flanders, 1506; died at Liessies, 1566. His parents were nobles of Hainault, his father being Sieur of Jumigny. He became page to the Archduke Clares (afterwards Emperor Charles V) but entered the Abbey of Liessies when only fourteen. Whilst still a novice he was sent to study at the University of Louvain, whence he was recalled in 1527 to become coadjutor to the Abbot, Gilles Gippus, his nomination as such being confirmed by a Bull of Pope Paul III. Three years later, in 1530, he succeeded Gippus as thirty-fourth Abbot of Liessies, and received ordination and the abbatial blessing in the same year. His first care was the cultivation in his abbey of a true monastic spirit and strict discipline, which had somewhat declined under his predecessors. He had hardly settle down to the work of reform before Flanders was immersed in war owing to its invasion by Francis I of France, which occurred in 1537. Liessies, being on the frontier, became in consequence an unsafe habitation and Blosius proposed a move to the priory of Ath, in the interior, but most of his monks, being opposed to his reform, either elected to remain at Liessies or else went to other laxer monasteries. The abbot, however, with three monks, returned to Ath and there he at once restored the primitive observance of the rule. In spite of opposition the reform gained ground and numbers increased rapidly. When a return to Liessies became possible, in 1545, the reform was accepted by those that had remained there and was confirmed by a Bull of Pope Paul III. Blosius next began a restoration and enlargement of the abbey buildings, which were only completed after his death. In 1556 Charles V offered him the Archbishopric of Cambrai and the abbacy of Tournai, both of which he refused in order that he might remain at Liessies. In personal character he was distinguished for his gentleness, his generosity to the poor, his love of chastity, and his devotion to the Mother of God. He was a diligent student, especially of the Scriptures, the works of the Fathers, and the mystical writers of the fourteenth century. His own writings were numerous, the chief being "Speculum Monachorum", written in Latin, translated into French 1726, and into English 1872 (Mirror for Monks, by Sir John Coleridge), "Entretiens spirituels", and "Instructions spirituelles et pensées consolantes". His complete works were first published at Louvain in 1568 and have been many times reprinted and translated. Of English editions, besides "Mirror for Monks", there are "A Book of Spiritual Instruction" (London, 1900) and "Comfort for the Faint-hearted" (London, 1902), both translated by Father Bertrand Wilberforce, O.P.
Acta SS., I, 430; ZIEGELBAUER, Hist. Lit., O.S.B. (Augsburg, 1745), I, 100-482; HURTER, Nomenclator (Innsbruck, 1892), I, 43; De Blois, A Benedictine of the Sixteenth Century, tr. LOVAT (London, 1878).
G. CYPRIAN ALSTON
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/François-Napoléon-Marie Moigno

From volume 10 of the work.
Physicist and author, b. at Guéméné (Morbihan), 15 April, 1804; d. at Saint-Denis (Seine), 14 July, 1884. He received his early education at the Jesuit college at Sainte-Anne d'Auray and entered the novitiate of the order 2 Sept., 1822. He made his theological studies at Montrouge, devoting his leisure to mathematics and physics in which he achieved much success. Upon the outbreak of the Revolution of 1830, he fled with his brethren to Brieg in Switzerland. Here he continued his studies and, being endowed with a remarkable memory, acquired at the same time several foreign languages, including Hebrew and Arabic. In 1836 he was appointed professor of mathematics at the well-known college of Ste-Geneviève, Rue des Postes, in Paris. Here he became widely known not only as a scholar, but also as a preacher and writer of ability. He wrote numerous articles for the press and was much esteemed by the scientific men of the time, including Cauchy, Arago, Dumas, Ampère, etc. He was engaged on one of his best known works, "Leçons de calcul différentiel et de calcul intégral", based chiefly on Cauchy's methods, and had already published the first volume, when he left the Society in 1843. Shortly afterwards he undertook a tour of Europe, contributing numerous letters to the journal "L'Epoque". He acted as chaplain of the Lycée Louis-le-Grand from 1848 to 1851. He became scientific editor of the "Presse" in 1850 and of the "Pays" in 1851 and in 1852 founded the well-known scientific journal "Cosmos". In 1862 he founded "Les Mondes" and became associated with the clergy of St-Germain des Prés. In 1873 he was appointed one of the canons of the chapter of Saint-Denis. Moigno was a man of great industry and throughout his long career was a prolific writer, being distinguished rather as an exponent of science than as an original investigator. He not only wrote a large number of scientific and apologetical works of merit but also translated numerous English and Italian memoirs on science into French. He also edited the "Actualités scientifiques". Among his more important works may be mentioned "Répertoire d'optique moderne" (Paris, 1847-50); "Traité de télégraphie électrique" (Paris, 1849); "Leçons de mécanique analytique" (Paris, 1868); "Saccharimétrie" (Paris, 1869); "Optique moléculaire" (Paris, 1873); "Les splendeurs de la foi" (Paris, 1879-83); "Les livres saints et la science" (Paris, 1884), etc., and numerous articles in the "Comptes Rendus", "Revue Scientifique", "Cosmos", etc.
Cosmos, 3rd series, VIII, 443.
HENRY M. BROCK
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/François-Philippe Charpentier

From volume 3 of the work.
French engraver, inventor, and mechanician, b. at Blois, 1734; d. there 22 July, 1817. His father was a bookbinder, a poor man who made many sacrifices that his son might attend the Jesuit college at Blois; but after young Charpentier had studied there a few years he was compelled to leave and work to support himself. He chose to pursue the art of engraving as best suited to his talent and inclination, and entered the atelier of an excellent copperplate engraver in Paris whom he very soon surpassed. Charpentier is celebrated, however, far more for his inventions, which revolutionized reproductive art, than for his own work with the burin or in aquatint. His first discovery was that of a purely mechanical process for engraving in aquatint (gravure au lavis) and in colour. Wash-drawings and water-colours were copied with marvellous exactitude, sketches by the great masters were reproduced by his machine, and thus otherwise unknown art was placed within the reach of the people. Charpentier made many beautiful and effective plates with his new appliance, and then sold the secret. That admirable engraver and great patron of art, Count Caylus, was one of the first to use the new machine.
Louis XVI gave him the appointment of "Royal Mechanician" (Mécanicien du Roi), and provided a studio for him in the gardens of the Louvre, where he used the burning-mirror for melting metals without fire. He invented a fire-engine which was very generally adopted and, in 1771, a machine for drilling metals. Another invention for mechanical engraving was one which enabled lace-manufacturers to engrave in a few hours elaborate patterns and designs which formerly had required at least six months work of the burin. Charpentier's device for lighthouse-illumination so pleased Louis XVI that he offered the inventor a pension and a place as the head of the Department of Beacons, asking him to fix the price for his discovery. Charpentier refused the pension and suggested that the office be given to a younger man, saying that he would "prefer freedom in order to devote himself to the development of his ideas". He received a thousand crowns for his discovery.
During the Directoire he made an instrument for boring six gun-barrels at once, and a machine to saw six boards simultaneously. For these the government paid him 24,000 francs and named him director of the Atelier de prefectionnement, established at the Hôtel Montmorency. Charpentier received many flattering offers from Russia and England for his labour-saving devices, but refused them all. Pious, generous, simple, credulous, Charpentier was the dupe of beggars and schemers, many of whom affixed their names to his inventions and made fortunes thereby. He died as he had lived, in poverty. The chief extant works of his, all prints, are: "Education of the Virgin", after Boucher; "Death of Archimedes", after Ferri; "Shepherdess", after Berchem; "Descent from the Cross", in colour, after Vanloo.
Biographie universelle, s. v.; BRYAN, Dict. of Painters and Engravers (London, 1903).
LEIGH HUNT
# Chambers v. Harrington

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
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United States Supreme Court
111 U.S. 350
Chambers v. Harrington
S. Shellabarger and J. M. Wilson, for appellant.
J. G. Sutherland and John R. McBride, for appellees.
MILLER, J.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Chambers v. Florida

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* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Wikidata item.
Chambers v. Florida, 309 U.S. 227 (1940), was an important United States Supreme Court case that dealt with the extent that police pressure resulting in a criminal defendant's confession violates the Due Process clause. Warning: template has been deprecated.
United States Supreme Court
309 U.S. 227
Chambers v. Florida
Argued: Jan. 4, 1940. --- Decided: Feb 12, 1940
Messrs. Leon A. Ransom, of Washington, D.C., and S. D. McGill, of Jacksonville, Fla., for petitioners.
Mr. Tyrus A. Norwood, of Tallahassee, Fla., for respondent.
Mr. Justice BLACK delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Chambers v. Maroney/Concurrence Stewart

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
* Concurring Opinions Stewart Harlan
* Wikipedia article
United States Supreme Court
399 U.S. 42
Chambers v. Maroney
Argued: April 27, 1970. --- Decided: June 22, 1970
Mr. Justice STEWART, concurring.
I adhere to the view that the admission at trial of evidence acquired in alleged violation of Fourth Amendment standards is not of itself sufficient ground for a collateral attack upon an otherwise valid criminal conviction, state or federal. See Harris v. Nelson, 394 U.S. 286, 307, 89 S.Ct. 1082, 1094-1095, 22 L.Ed.2d 281 (dissenting opinion); Kaufman v. United States, 394 U.S. 217, 242, 89 S.Ct. 1068, 1082, 22 L.Ed.2d 227 (dissenting opinion). But until the Court adopts that view, I regard myself as obligated to consider the merits of the Fourth and Fourteenth Amendment claims in a case of this kind. Upon that premise I join the opinion and judgment of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Chambers v. Cox

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* sister projects: Wikidata item.

## Dissenting Opinion

    Brennan
United States Supreme Court
400 U.S. 870
Chambers v. Cox, Penitentiary Superintendant
On Petition for Writ of Certiorari from the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit
No. 5122. Argued: N/A --- Decided: October 19, 1970
Certiorari denied.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Chambers v. Maroney

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Wikidata item.

## Concurring Opinions

    Stewart
    Harlan
United States Supreme Court
399 U.S. 42
Chambers v. Maroney
Argued: April 27, 1970. --- Decided: June 22, 1970
See 91 S.Ct. 23.
Vincent J. Grogan, Pittsburgh, Pa., for petitioner.
Carol Mary Los, Pittsburgh, Pa., for respondent, pro hac vice, by special leave of Court.
Mr. Justice WHITE delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
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# Charles Harte letter to Lionel Walter Rothschild

A letter written in 1899 to the Hon. Lionel Walter Rothschild (later Lord Rothschild) by Charles Harte, Impressario to Mademoiselle Paula.
Royal Aquarium Westminster
Feb 15th/99
Hon L. W. Rothschild
Honrd Sir
Having a conversation with Dr Stradling, Re – serpents, he advised me to write you. I have a very fine specimen, A. Reticulator, about fifteen feet long, a really magnificent snake, and as you know, very scarce, I don't know whether there is another in England, they are so rare. The reason I am selling him is ​I am pressed for room, as I have so many Indian Pythons, which are more suitable for handling in Mdlle Paula's performance.
He can be seen any time by appointment; or, I will send him on to you. Pardon the liberty in writing, but hearing of your very fine park at Tring, I thought you would like him.
Awaiting the favour of your reply.
I am Honrd Sir
Your Obedient Servant
Charles Harte
Impresario from
Mdlle Paula
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
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# Charles Ilfeld Company v. Hernandez

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* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
292 U.S. 62
Charles Ilfeld Company v. Hernandez
Argued: March 8, 1934. --- Decided: April 2, 1934
Mr. A. T. Hannett, of Albuquerque, N.M., for petitioner.
The Attorney General, and Mr. Erwin N. Griswold, of Washington, D.C., for respondent.
Mr. Justice BUTLER delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Charles Mason v. United States

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* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
244 U.S. 362
Charles Mason v. United States
Argued: April 11, 1917. --- Decided: June 4, 1917
Mr. George B. Grigsby for plaintiffs in error.
Solicitor General Davis and Mr. Robert Szold for defendant in error.
Mr. Justice McReynolds delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Charles Nelson Company v. United States

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
261 U.S. 17
Charles Nelson Company v. United States
Argued: Jan. 25 and 26, 1923. --- Decided: Feb 19, 1923
Messrs. Wm. C. Prentiss, of Washington, D. C., and Wm. E. Humphrey, of Washington, D. C., for appellant.
Mr. Alfred A. Wheat, of New York City, for the United States.
Mr. Chief Justice TAFT delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
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# Charles H Morrison's Sine die Address of March 15 1860

The Speaker made the following remarks:
Gentlemen—Our labors for the session are now closed. We no doubt have done some things which it were better we should have left undone, and left undone, perhaps, some things that should have been done, but I hope in the aggregate the result of our beloved labors will redound to the benefit of our beloved State, and the credit of her trusted Representatives that by the time we re-assemble, aided by the lights of experience, we will be enabled to see and correct any errors we may have committed, and when the time comes that we will have discharged the obligation we assumed on entering this Hall, our constituents may be enabled to say in truth, “Well done, thou good and faithful servants.”
If any incidents have occurred in the heat of debate, or during our official intercourse, having a tendency to estrange us one from the other, and to stir up the bitter passions of the human heart, let me entreat you not to separate with such feelings festering in your bosoms; cast them out, and allow them to be swept into oblivion with the rubbish from the Hall.
May your return to your families and friends at home be greeted by many warm hearts extended arms, is my sincere wish. For the many warm marks of kindness and favor received at your hands socially and as your presiding officer, my sincere gratitude is due, which without reserve is tendered to each and all.
At the close of the remarks, he declared the house adjourned sine die.
Charles H Morrison Speaker of the Louisiana House of Representatives Official Journal of the House of Representatives of the State of Louisiana March 15 1860
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
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# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Hincmar (2)

From volume 7 of the work.
A bishop of Laon, died 879. In the beginning of 858 the younger Hincmar, a nephew on the mother's side of the famous Hincmar of Reims, was elevated by his uncle's favour to the See of Laon, a suffragan of Reims. He received in addition an abbey and an office at the Court of Charles the Bald. His ambitious, overbearing, and violent disposition soon brought him into conflict not only with the king, but with his uncle and metropolitan. To free himself from the authority of the latter he invoked the decretals of the Pseudo-Isidore. Charles the Bald took from the younger Hincmar his abbey and his court office, and sequestrated the revenues of the diocese, but the latter measure aroused the protest of the elder Hincmar himself. A reconciliation took place at the Diet of Pistres in 869. A new quarrel broke out at the Synod of Verberie and resulted in the imprisonment of Hincmar. He placed his diocese under interdict, but this was set aside by his uncle. He appealed to Adrian II and laid before that pope severe accusations against his metropolitan and his king, based on a false statement of facts. This appeal, however, was not pursued with vigour. The complete estrangement between the two Hincmars was evident at the Diets of Gondreville and Attigny, in 870. Each of them now appealed to various canons, in order to justify his position. In spite of his renewed appeal to the pope, Hincmar of Laon was deposed at the Synod of Douci, in 871, in punishment of his conduct towards the king and the metropolitan. But Adrian II did not sanction this step, and refrained from appointing a successor. It was only in 875, when Charles the Bald was crowned emperor, that John VIII confirmed the removal of Hincmar, and that Hadenulf was consecrated Bishop of Laon. In the meantime Charles succeeded in preventing Hincmar from going to Rome, and even confined him for a while in prison, where he was deprived of his sight by a brother-in-law of the king.
When, in 878, John VIII presided in person over the Synod of Troyes, the younger Hincmar presented to him in writing a complaint against his uncle of Reims. The pope then mitigated his condition by allowing him to celebrate again the Holy Sacrifice and by granting him a portion of the revenues yielded by the See of Laon. The writings of Hincmar of Laon are in P. L. CXXIV, 101-26, 1027-70.
CELLOT, Vita Hincmari junioris, see MANSI, Coll. conc., XVI, 688 sqq.; HEFELE, Konziliengeschichte, 2nd ed., IV (1879), 380 sqq., 489 sqq., 530, 535; see also the bibliography to HINCMAR, Archbishop of Reims.
J. P. KIRSCH.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Himeria

From volume 7 of the work.
A titular see in the province of Osrhoene, suffragan of Edessa. The "Notitia" of Anastasius, in the sixth century, still mentions this see as being in that province and in the Patriarchate of Antioch ("Echos d'Orient", Paris, 1907, 145). Procopius ("De Ædificiis", II, 9) says that Justinian rebuilt its walls. At least seven bishops are known from the fourth to the sixth century, the first of whom, Eustathius, was in correspondence with St. Basil (Lequien, "Oriens Christ.", II, 983-86). The city, which was destroyed, has not been rediscovered; but it is thought to have been located near the Euphrates and Europos or Djerabis.
GELZER, Georgii Cyprii Descriptio orbis romani (Leipzig, 1890), 155.
S. VAILHÉ.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Hilarius of Sexten

From volume 7 of the work.
(In the world, CHRISTIAN GATTERER.)
Moral theologian; born 1839, in the valley of Sexten in the Tyrol; died 20 October, 1900. After a course of studies at Brixen, he entered the Capuchin Franciscan Order in 1858 and was ordained priest in 1862. Having laboured in parochial duties for some years, he was appointed to teach moral theology at Meran in 1872. His fame as a moral theologian soon spread beyond his own convent, and both secular and regular clergy consulted him in difficult cases, for he had a special gift in applying theoretical principles to actual facts. In 1882 he was appointed examiner of confessors for the Diocese of Trent. Even while fulfilling the office of lector, he was ever ready to work in the ministry, preaching and hearing confessions. He used to urge his students to bend all their efforts to win men to religion, since, he said, devout women can always find confessors. At the special command of the general of the order, he published his "Compendium Theologiae Moralis" (Meran, 1889). Later, at the request of the clergy, he published a "Tractatus de Sacramentis", and a "Tractatus de Censuris". His somewhat original treatment of his subjects did not gain universal approval, but his works had a wide sale, especially in Germany and Austria. He also contributed many articles to the "Linzer Quartalschrift". He fulfilled many offices in his order, being at different times lector, guardian, definitor, and minister-provincial. In this last office, which he filled 1889-1892, he accepted for his province of the Tyrol a missionary district in India.
Analecta Ord. F. M. Capucc., XVI (Rome, 1900).
Father Cuthbert.