# A Manual of the Foochow Dialect In Twenty Lessons/Lesson III
## LESSON III.
### 一

    siŏh, ék: one

### 二

    lâng, nê: two

### 三

    săng: three

### 四

    se: four

### 五

    ngô: five

### 六

    lĕ̤k: six

### 七

    chék: seven

### 八

    báik: eight

### 九

    gāu: nine

### 十

    sĕk: ten

### 着冬那

    diŏh dĕ̤ng-nē̤: where?

### 一隻錢

    siŏh-ciáh cièng: one cash

### 一隻𠆧

    siŏh-ciáh nè̤ng: one man

### 一本聖經

    siŏh-buōng Séng Gĭng: a Bible

### 一件乇

    siŏh-iông nó̤h: one thing

### 只一隻

    cī siŏh-ciáh: this one

### 許一隻

    hṳ̄ siŏh-ciáh: that one

### 一杯茶

    siŏh-bŭoi dà: a cup of tea

### 一張椅

    siŏh-tiŏng iē: a chair

### 務

    ô: to have, there is, there are

### 看

    káng: to se̤, lo̤k

### 聽

    tiăng: to hear

### 俤

    diê: who, which

### 幾

    guī: how many?

### 一百

    siŏh-bah: one hundred

### 掏

    dò̤: to tkae in the hand

### 掏來

    dò̤ lì: to bring

### 掏去

    dò̤ kó̤: to take away

### 一把轎

    siŏh-bā giêu: a sedan

### 者

    ciā: this

### 那

    hiā: that

### 椆

    diù: closet, cupboard

### 綢

    diù: silk cloth

### 碼

    mā: a yard

### 一主

    siŏh-ciō: one family

### 箬壤

    niŏh-uâi: how many

### 俤𠆧

    diê-nè̤ng: who?

### 縛

    bŭoh: to tie up

### The Numerary Adjunct or Classifier

One of the most important of all Chinese idioms is the use of a certain particle with each noun, in enumeration or description. This ​particle is known to students of Chinese as the Numerary Adjunct or Classifier. A paralled to this Chinese construction is found in the English phrase "a piece of music" where the use of the word "piece" is necessary, as we cannot speak of "a music". What is only found in a few cases in the English language is the almost universal rule in Chinese the exceptions being few and for definite reasons. It is absolutely necessary for the student of Chinese to be thoroughly acquainted with these Numerary adjuncts and the rules for their use, as not only do they form an integral part of the Chinese spoken language, but at times the only way to distinguish between the meaning of two nouns identical in sound and tone is by listening to the numerary adjuncts used with them. A cupboard is 欄一架 diù siŏh gá, while a piece of silk cloth is 綢一疋 diù siŏh pék.
The numerary adjunct is sometimes placed before the noun and sometimes after. Thus the phrase, “two sedan chairs” may be translated 二把轎 lâng bā giêu or 轎二把 giêu lâng bā where bā is the numerary adjunct, and lâng the numeral. (The rules for the numerals and their uses will be found in the next lesson.)
1. The most commonly used of the different N. A. are the following:—隻 Ciáh, this is the most widely used, and is generally applied to men, and to things of square shape. There men, 三隻𠆧 săng ciáh nè̤ng. Two boxes, 二隻箱 lâng ciáh siŏng. 本 Buōng is the N. A. of books and pencils. One Bible, 一本聖經 siŏh buōng Séng-Gĭng. Three pencils, 三本筆 săng buōng bék. 架 Gá is the N. A. of bedsteads, cupboards, clocks, ladders etc. 粒 Lăk is the N. A. of stars, beads, buttons, grains, and round objects generally. 張 Tiŏng is the N. A. of things possessing flat surfaces, as paper, tables, chairs, etc.
2. In asking in English the questions—Which person? Which thing? We leave the word “one” to be understood. Chinese idiom requires the “one” and other numbers to be indicated, and followed by ​the N. A.— Who?, Which one?, 俤一隻 diê siŏh ciáh? Which Bible?, 俤一本聖經 diê siŏh buōng Séng-Gĭng? In asking after a person, however, we use 俤𠆧 diê nè̤ng? who?
3. The N. A. is used with the Demonstrative Pronouns "this" and "that" as follows;— This thing is mine, 只一件乇是儂家其 cī siŏh iông nó̤h sê nè̤ng-gă gì. That chair is his, 許一張椅是伊其 hṳ̄ siŏh tiŏng sê ĭ gì.
4. The N. A. is also used with "how many?" when represented by 幾 gūi. How many words? 箬壤字 niŏh-uâi cê?
5. The Possessive Case of 俤𠆧 diê nè̤ng, and 俤一隻 diê siŏh ciáh, is formed by the addition of 其 gì. Whose is this Bible? 只一本聖經是俤𠆧其 cī siŏh buōng Séng-Gĭng sê diê nè̤ng gì.
6. 者 Ciā and 那 hiā are forms of the Demonstrative pronoun "this" and "that" used directly with the noun, without the N. A. This money is mine, 者錢是儂家其 ciā cièng sê nè̤ng-gă gì. Those books are his, 那書是伊其 hiā cṳ̆ sê ĭ gì. Ciā and hiā can be applied to a number of articles considered collectively as forming a unit. How much are these books a volume? 者書箬讓錢一本 ciā cṳ̆ niŏh-uâi cièng siŏh buōng?
7. "Where" begins the sentence in which it is found, in English; in Chinese it is placed at the end. Where is the child? 伲仔着冬那 niê-giāng diŏh dĕ̤ng-nē̤?

## EXERCISE. III.
### 莽

    muōng: just, merely, you had better, you can

### 客店

    káh-dáing: inn

### 氲塵

    ŭng-dìng: dust

### 蜘蛛胮

    tĭ-tṳ̆-măng: cobwebs

### 吵擾

    chāu-iēu: to bother, annoy

### 行李 hèng-lī

    baggage

### 牛乳 ngù-nèng

    milk

### 夷皂 ì-cô̤

    soap

### 掃手 sáu-chīu

    broom

### 隴總 lūng-cūng

    all

### 樓梯 làu-tăi

    ladder

### 已經 ī-gĭng

    already
Translate into English:—
* Chiāng nṳ̄ tĕk dâ̤ ék ciŏng.
* Nṳ̄ muóng diê-nè̤ng.
* Nṳ̄ muóng káng ĭ ô gūi báh.
* Hiā săng buōng cṳ̆ sê diê-nè̤ng gì?
* Sê Diŏng Sĭng-săng gì.
* Diŏng Sĭng-săng ô gūi-ciáh giāng?
* Cī siŏh ciáh sê nè̤ng-gă gì giāng.
* Nṳ̄ káng sié-nó̤h cṳ̆? Nè̤ng-gă káng Séng-Gĭng.
* Nṳ̄ gì nòng-mâ diŏh dĕ̤ng-nē̤?
* Káh-dáing diŏh dĕ̤ng-nē̤?
* Ciā hèng-lī sê nè̤ng-gă gì.
* Làu-tăi diŏh dĕ̤ng-nē̤? Nè̤ng-gă mò̤ làu-tăi.
* Ciā gūi-cī sŏng.
* Ĭ mò̤ sáu-chīu.
* Sô̤i giêu gì ô niôh-uâi nè̤ng? Ô lĕ̤k ciáh.
Translate into Chinese:—
* Which chapter?
* How many hundreds do you want?
* He asked me where my brother was.
* This dictionary and pen are yours.
* May I ask whose soap this is?
* Please listen; what is he reading?
* The children have not bothered me.
* Please bring me a lamp.
* That bread is sweet.
* This horse belongs to the soldiers.
* Where did this strong tea come from?
* Please take:this cupboard away.
* Bring eight yards of silk cloth.
* Please bring me hymn book.
* I have three sedan chairs, please look at them, sir.