OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Fittich

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​ Fittich, m., from the equiv. MidHG. vittich, vëttach, m., n., vëttache, f., m., ‘wing, pinion,’ OHG. fëtah, older fëthdhah, m.; in meaning a collective of Feder; comp. OSax. fëtherac, OHG. fëderah, MidHG. fëdrach, ‘wing’; the formation of OHG. fëthdhah is not clear; was the Goth. form *fiþþaks? The dentals are obscure, yet the word is undoubtedly related to Feder.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Fitze

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​ Fitze, f., ‘knot of yarn, skein, wrinkle,’ from MidHG. vitze, OHG. fizza, f., ‘a number of reeled threads tied together, skein, yarn’; akin to OIc. fǫt, ‘clothes,’ MidHG. vaȥȥen, ‘to dress,’ root fat, fet? ‘to spin’? ‘to weave’?. Yet it is more closely connected with OSax. fittea, AS. fitt, ‘chapters, divisions in poems.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Heer

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​ Heer, n., from the equiv. MidHG. hęre, OHG. hęri, hari, n., ‘army’; comp. Goth. harjis, m., AS. hęre, m., OIc. herr, m.; a common Teut. word for ‘army,’ still current in Swed. and Dan. här, Du. heer- in compounds. AS. hęre was supplanted in the MidE. period by the Rom. army; yet AS. hęre-gcatwe, ‘military equipment or trappings,’ has been retained down to ModE. as heriot; similarly the AS. word for har-bour (comp. Herberge). The term chario-, ‘army,’ met with in Teut. proper names of the Roman period, corresponds to OIr. cuire, ‘troop,’ OPruss. karjis, ‘army,’ of which Lith. káras, ‘war,’ is the base (Heer, lit. ‘that which belongs to war’); to this OPers. kâra, ‘army,’ is allied?. In MidHG. and earlier ModHG. there is another deriv. of the root kar, viz. harst, MidHG. also harsch, ‘body of troops.’ The verbal form from the assumed word for ‘war' was perhaps Goth. *harjón, ‘to wage war upon’; comp. OIc. herja, ‘to go on a predatory expedition,’ AS. hęrigan. E. to hurry, to harrow, OHG. heriôn, MidHG. hern, ‘to ravage, plunder.’ Comp. further Herberge and Häring.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Hebamme

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​ Hebamme, f., ‘midwife,’ from MidHG. hębamme; the latter form, from hęve-amme, has been modified in sense by connection with heben, its last component representing an earlier anne equiv. in meaning, OHG. usually hevi-anna, f.; anna, f., ‘woman’ is cognate with Lat. ănus, ‘old woman’ (see Ahn), and hence probably stands for anua, anva (comp. Mann, Kinn). Yet OHG. hęvianna may be really nothing more than the pres. partic. of heben, prim. form hafjan(d)jô, ‘she who lifts,’ of which the later forms are modifications. In MidE. midwîf, E. midwife, ModDu. vroedvrouw, from vroed, ‘wise, prudent’ (comp. Span. comadre, Fr. sage-femme); no word common to Teut. can be found. There were probably no regular midwives in the Teut. period.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Hechel

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​ Hechel, f., ‘flax-comb,’ from MidHG. hęchel, also hachel, f.: comp. Du. hekel; MidE. hechele, E. hatchel and hackle; wanting in OIc.; Swed. häckla, Dan. hegle (Goth. *hakila, *hakula, is assumed). Probably allied to OHG. and MidHG. hęcchen, hecken (hakjan), ‘to pierce’ (espec. of snakes), and further to the cognates of Hafen (E. hook). Goth. hakuls, ‘cloak,’ OHG. hahhul, MidHG. hachel, m., OIc. hǫkull, m., AS. ​hacele, ‘cloak,’ are not allied; they belong rather to a conjectural Goth. *hôka, f., ‘goat’ (AS. hêcen, ‘kid,’ from Goth. *hôkein, n.; see under Geiß), and hence probably mean ‘hairy garment.’ See also Hecht.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Hecke

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​ Hecke (1.), f., ‘hedge,’ from MidHG. hęcke, f., OHG. hęcka, hęgga, f., ‘hedge,’ the latter from hagjô-, whence also AS. heęg, f., MidE. hegge, E. hedge; AS. also hege, m., ‘hedge' (comp. E. haybote, ‘an allowance of wood for repairing fences'). Of the same origin as the cognates mentioned under Hag.
Hecke (2.). f., ‘the act of breeding,’ ModHG. simply, probably neither identical nor even cognate with Hecke (1), ‘hedge,’ because E. hedge, ‘Hecke (1),’ and hatch, ‘Hecke (2).’ are totally distinct; the former is MidE. hegge (AS. hęcg, f. ’), the latter MidE. hacche (AS. *hœcce?); E. hatch, ‘brood, incubation.’ MidHG. has a wk. vb., hęcken, ‘to propagate’ (of birds), MidE. hacchen, E. to hatch; OHG. hęgidruosa, MidHG. hęgedruose, f., ‘testicle,’ may be cognate (g in AS. hagan, ‘gignalia,’ in comparison with the earlier kk in MidE. hacche, is conceivable), and hence too MidHG. hagen, m., ‘bull kept for breeding,’ earlier ModHG. Hacksch, ‘boar kept for breeding.’ The cognates seem to indicate a Teut. root hag, hakk, ‘to propagate.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Hede

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​ Hede, f., ‘tow,’ ModHG. simply, from LG. heede, formed from Herde by suppressing the r (see Miete); comp. MidDu. herde, ‘flax fibre,’ AS. heorde, f., ‘refuse of flax, tow,’ E. hards (plur.). Are AS. heord and OIc. haddr, ‘hair,’ allied? For Hede (probably Goth. *hazdô, *hazdjó) UpG. has Werg.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Hebel

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​ Hebel, m., ‘lever, yeast,’ first occurs in early ModHG. in the sense of ‘lever’; comp. MidHG. hębel, hęvel, OHG. hęvilo, m., ‘yeast’ (as a means of causing a thing to rise); v, f, as the older form, was supplanted by connecting the word with heben.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Haß

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​ Haß, m., from the equiv. MidHG. and OHG. haȥ, (gen. haȥȥes), m., ‘hatred’; in OHG. the older neut. gender occurs once (comp. Goth. hatis, n., Scand. hatr, n.); AS. hęte (E. hate) and OSax. hęti are also masc.; the common Teut. term for ‘hate,’ pointing to pre-Teut. kodos, kodesos (Lat. *codus, *coderis), n. ModHG. Hader, and Gr. κότος, may also be allied, since an Aryan root kō̆t, kō̆d, is possible. The orig. sense of Haß is indicated by Haß and heßen, as well as the wk. vb. hassen, from MidHG. haȥȥen, OHG. haȥȥęn, haȥȥôn, which in OHG. also means ‘to pursue’ (OSax. hatôn, ‘to waylay’). Haft too seems allied; hence the prim. meaning of Haß is probably ‘hostile, hasty pursuit.’ —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Hechse

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​ Hechse, Hächse, f., from the equiv. MidHG. hęhse, OHG. hahsa, f., ‘hock' (especially of horses); the presumable form in Goth. is *hahsi (gen. *hahsjôs), f. Corresponding in sound to OInd. kakšýâ, f., ‘girth (of a saddle),’ a derivative of kákša-s, m., ‘passage for the girths, armpit'; Lat. coxa, ‘hip,’ whence the adv. coxim, ‘squatting,’ from which a meaning similar to that of the HG. word may be deduced. The signification of the primit. Aryan word fluctuated between ‘armpit, hip, and hock.’ In the Teut. group the following are also allied to Goth. *hahsi, f. — OHG. hahsinôn, MidHG. hęhsenen, ‘subnervare, to hamstring,’ AS. hôxene, MidE. houghsene, Fris. hôxene, ‘hock.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Hecht

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​ Hecht, m., ‘pike,’ from the equiv. MidHG. hęchet, hęcht, OHG. hęhhit, hahhit, m.; comp. OSax. hacud, AS. hacod, hœced, m., ‘pike’; a West Teut. word connected with OHG. and MidHG. hęcken, ‘to pierce,’ mentioned under Hechel. On account of its pointed teeth the pike is called the ‘piercer.’ Comp. E. pike, Fr. brochet, ‘pike,’ from broche, ‘spit,’ Scand. gedda, ‘pike,’ allied to gaddr, ‘prickle.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Hederich

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Hederich | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Hederich, m., ‘hedge-mustard, ground ivy,’ from late MidHG. hederī̆ch, m., a corruption of Lat. (glecoma) hederacea.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/wund

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/wund | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ wund, adj., ‘galled, chased, wounded,’ from the equiv. MidHG. wunt (d), OHG. wunt; corresponding to OSax. and AS. wund, Du. gewond, and Goth. wunds; properly an old partic. with the Aryan suffix to-. There is also an old abstract of the same root with the Aryan suffix -tâ (see Schande?), ModHG. Wunde, ‘wound,’ from MidHG. wunde, OHG. wunta, f., to which OSax. wunda, Du. wunde, AS. wund, E. wound, correspond. The root on which the word is based would assume the form wen in Teut.; comp. Goth. win-nan, ‘to suffer, feel pain,’ to which Gr. ὠτειλή (from *ό-ϝατειλη), ‘wound,’ is usually referred.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/wägen

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​ wägen, vb., ‘to weigh,’ from MidHG. wëgen; identical with wiegen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/wollen

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​ wollen, vb., ‘to wish, be willing, have a mind to, intend,’ from the equiv. MidHG. wollen (węllen), OHG. wellan (węllan); an anomalous vb.; the further details belong to grammar. Comp. OSax. węllian, willian, Du. willen, AS. willan, E. to will, Goth. wiljan. The connection between the Teut. root wel, ‘to wish,’ with which Wahl and wohl are also connected, and the equiv. Lat. velle is apparent; comp. also Sans. vṛ (var), ‘to choose, prefer,’ OSlov. voliti, ‘to be willing.’ Gr. βούλομαι ‘to be willing,’ is, on the other hand, not allied; it is more probably related to Gr. ἐθέλω, θέλω, ‘to wish,’ which, like Sans. hary, ‘to desire,’ points to an Aryan ghel (ghwel), which would produce in Teut. likewise a root wël, ‘to be willing.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/worfeln

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​ worfeln, vb., ‘to fan, winnow,’ ModHG. only; intensive of werfen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/wälzen

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​ wälzen, vb., ‘to roll, trundle,’ from MidHG. węlzen, OHG. węlzen, walzen (from ​*walzjan), wk. vb., ‘to roll, turn, trundle’; factitive of walzen, which was orig. only intransit. The Teut. root walt, from Aryan wald, has no cognates in non-Teut.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/wölben

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​ wölben, vb., ‘to vault, arch,’ from MidHG. and OHG. węlben (from *walbian, hwalbjan), wk. vb., ‘to assume a curved shape, vault.’ Comp. OSax. bihwęlbian, ‘to arch over, cover,’ Du. welven, OIc. hvelfa, ‘to arch’; allied to AS. hwealf, ‘arched,’ and Goth. hwilftri, ‘coffin’ (lit. ‘arch’). The Teut. verbal root hwelb, hwelf, from Aryan qelp (qelq?) is related to Gr. κόλπος, ‘bosom’ (lit. ‘arch’); so too Sans. kûrcá, Lat. culcita, ‘pillow’?.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/wühlen

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​ wühlen, vb., ‘to root, grub up, burrow, rummage, stir up,’ from the equiv. MidHG. wüelen, OHG. wuolen (from *wôljan); ​corresponding to Du. woelen. With this weak verbal root wôl is connected the Teut. cognate walo- (see Wahlstatt), to which OHG. and MidHG. wuol and AS. wôl, ‘defeat, ruin,’ are allied.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/worgen

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​ worgen, see würgen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/wurmen

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​ wurmen, vb., ‘to become worm-eaten, pry, poke into,’ ModHG. only; comp. Du. wurmen, ‘to torment oneself, languish, work hard’; probably allied to Wurm.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/währen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/währen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ währen, vb., ‘to last, continue,’ from the equiv. MidHG. wërn, OHG. wërên, wk. vb.; allied to OSax. warôn, ‘to last.’ The r of these verbs is based on an old s, which leads to a connection with the Aryan root wes, ‘to be’ (comp. Wesen). Deriv. während, prep. and conj., ‘during, pending, whilst,’ properly a partic.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/krächzen

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​ krächzen, vb., ‘to croak,’ ModHG. only, a deriv. of krachen; in MidHG. krochzen, OHG. chrocchezan, ‘to croak,’ which is related by gradation to the stem of krachen. From AS. cracian, cracettan was formed, like ModHG. krächzen, from krachen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/kritzeln

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​ kritzeln, vb., ‘to scribble,’ dimin. of MidHG. kritzen, ‘to scrawl,’ OHG. chrizzôn, ‘to scratch or cut into.’ It is probably connected with kratzen, OHG. chrazzôn, as well as with OIc. krota, ‘to engrave, stamp.’ If this is not approved, it may be allied to Kreis (root krī̆t); kritjôn (whence chrizzôn) would then mean ‘to draw lines.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/krähen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/krähen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ krähen, vb., ‘to crow,’ from the equiv. MidHG. krœ̂n, krœ̂jen (pret. krâte), OHG. chrâen, vb.; corresponding to AS. crâwan (pret. creów), E. to crow, and the equiv. Du. kraaijen; a specifically West Teut. vb., in Goth. hrûkjan. That it was not orig. used of the cock alone is attested by the etymology of Krähe, and also by the compounds, OHG. hanachrât, OSax. hanocrâd, AS. hancrêd, ‘cock-crow, crowing.’ The Teut. stem. krê-, krêw may be connected with OSlov. grąja, grajati, ‘to croak,’ and Lith. gróju, gróti, ‘to croak.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/kreisen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/kreisen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ kreisen, kreißen, vb., ‘to be in labour,’ from MidHG. krîȥen, ‘to screech, shriek, groan’; comp. Du. krijten, ‘to shriek, shout.’ For further cognates see kreischen; akin also to MidHG. krîsten, earlier ModHG. kreisten, ‘to groan.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/kriechen

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​ kriechen, vb., ‘to crawl,’ from the equiv. MidHG. kriechen, OHG. chriohhan, str. vb.; corresponding to OSax. kriupan, Du. kruipen, AS. creópan, E. to creep, OIc. krjúpa. The relation of the HG. form with ch from k to the remaining Teut. languages with p has well-authenticated analogies; see Rufe (1), werfen, and Strunk. The guttural appears again in MidE. crûchen, E. to crouch. Kraufen, ‘to crawl,’ is the MidHG. (MidG.) krûfen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/kribbeln

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​ kribbeln, vb., ‘to crawl, tickle,’ ModHG. only, kribeln (MidG.), ‘to tickle’; a recent formation; comp. ModDu. kribeln, ‘to itch, prick,’ kribbelen, ‘to grumble, wrangle.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/kritteln

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/kritteln | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ kritteln, vb., ‘to find fault, carp,’ ModHG. simply from a popular term, gritteln, ‘to wrangle’ (wanting in MidHG. and OHG.), with an allusion to Kritik, &c.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/krumm

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/krumm | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ krumm, adj., ‘crooked,’ from MidHG. krump(b), OHG. chrumb, ‘crooked, curved, twisted, perverted’ (comp. kraus); rare variants OHG. and MidHG. krumpf, OHG. chrampf, as well as MidHG. krimpf, in the same sense. Comp. OSax. crumb, AS. crumb; E. crump, ‘crooked,’ is abnormal (with this E. to crumple, MidE. crumpeln, and also E. crimple, ‘wrinkle, fold,’ are connected). Under Krampf it is shown how the graded and permutated forms are widely ramified; the Teut. root signified ‘spasmodically contracted, curved.’ Besides the cognates of West Teut. krumba-, from pre-Teut. grumpó-, quoted under Krampf, comp. the unnasalised Gr. γρῦπός, ‘curved, bent’?. OIr. cromm, W. crwm, seem to have been borrowed from AS.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/kränken

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​ kränken, ‘to make ill,’ from MidHG. krenken, ‘to torment, grieve,’ prop. ‘to lessen, humiliate.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/kriegen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/kriegen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ kriegen, vb., ‘to get,’ from MidHG. kriegen (in MidG. krîgen is str., so too the corresponding vb. in LG. and Du.), ‘to exert oneself, strive, aim at, oppose, struggle,’ then also ‘to defend, maintain an opinion,’ MidG. also ‘to obtain, receive’; the latter meaning is LG. and Du. (krijgen, ‘to obtain, receive’). With regard to the numerous meanings comp. OHG. winnan, ‘to exert oneself, struggle,’ giwinnan, ‘to win.’ Hence the various senses of the vb. are the outcome of a prim. meaning ‘to make an effort against,’ just as in the case of the noun Krieg, on which it is based.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Kitze

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Kitze. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Kitze (1.), feminine, from the equivalent Middle High German kitze, kiz, neuter, Old High German chizzî, kizzîn, neuter, ‘kid’; from Teutonic *kittîn, neuter, with the original diminutive suffix -îna, which appears in Küchelein and Schwein. Gothic *kidi (kidjis), neuter, may be deduced from Old Icelandic kið, neuter, ‘she-goat,’ whence English kid is borrowed (an English word cognate with Scandinavian must have had an initial ch). Further, the assumed Gothic *kidi and *kittein, with medial dentals, are related to each other, just as the forms assumed under Ziege, tigô and tikkein, with medial gutturals. The close correspondence between Kitze and Zicke proves that they are related; both are pet names for Geiß, ‘goat’ (compare Swiss gitzi for Old High German chitzî).
Kitze (2.), Kietze, feminine, ‘kitten, kid, fawn,’ not found in Middle High German and Old High German, but probably existing in the vernacular, as is indicated by the specifically High German tz compared with Low German tt (kitte); compare Middle English chitte, ‘kitten,’ from an unrecorded Anglo-Saxon *citten (English kitten); Middle English kitlung, English kitling, are probably borrowed from Scandinavian ketlingr, ‘kitten.’ The cognates are related by gradation to Katze.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Klaff

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Klaff. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Klaff, masculine, ‘crash, yelp, bark,’ from Middle High German klaf (genitive klaffes) and klapf, masculine, ‘report, crack,’ Old High German klaph, masculine, anaklaph, ‘shock’; Middle High German klaffen, klapfen, ‘to ring, resound,’ ûf klaffen, ‘to break asunder, open, gape,’ Old High German chlaphôn; Gothic *klappôn is wanting; Anglo-Saxon clappian, English to clap. ‘Resounding’ is the primary meaning of the stem klapp, while ‘cracking, bursting, gaping’ is the derivative sense; compare Klapp and klopfen.