OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The New International Encyclopædia/Scott, Hugh Stowell

Edition of 1905. See also Hugh Stowell Scott on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​SCOTT, Hugh Stowell (1862-1903). An English author, born at Newcastle-upon-Tyne. He was better known by his pseudonym, Henry Seton Merriman. He published Phantom Future (1899); Suspense (1890); Prisoners and Captives (1891); Slave of the Lamp (1892); With Edged Tools (1894); Grey Lady (1895): The Sowers (1896): In Kedar's Tents (1897); Flotsam (1898): Roden's Corner (1898); Isle of Unrest (1900); Velvet Glove (1901); The Vultures (1902).
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The Oldest English Epic/Chapter 1/Beowulf 40

XL
That battle-toil bade he at burg to announce, at the fort on the cliff, where, full of sorrow, all the morning earls had sat, 2895daring shieldsmen, in doubt of twain: would they wail as dead, or welcome home, their lord belovéd? Little kept back of the tidings new, but told them all, the herald that up the headland rode.— 2900“Now the willing-giver to Weder folk ​in death-bed lies, the Lord of Geats on the slaughter-bed sleeps by the serpent’s deed! And beside him is stretched that slayer-of-men with knife-wounds sick: no sword availed 2905on the awesome thing in any wise to work a wound. There Wiglaf sitteth, Weohstan’s bairn, by Beowulf’s side, the living earl by the other dead, and heavy of heart a head-watch keeps 2910o’er friend and foe.—Now our folk may look for waging of war when once unhidden to Frisian and Frank the fall of the king is spread afar.—The strife began when hot on the Hugas Hygelac fell 2915and fared with his fleet to the Frisian land. Him there the Hetwaras humbled in war, plied with such prowess their power o’erwhelming that the bold-in-battle bowed beneath it and fell in fight. To his friends no wise 2920could that earl give treasure! And ever since the Merowings’ favor has failed us wholly. Nor aught expect I of peace and faith from Swedish folk. ’Twas spread afar how Ongentheow reft at Ravenswood 2925Hæthcyn Hrethling of hope and life, ​when the folk of Geats for the first time sought in wanton pride the Warlike-Scylfings. Soon the sage old sire of Ohtere, ancient and awful, gave answering blow; 2930the sea-king he slew, and his spouse redeemed, his good wife rescued, though robbed of her gold, mother of Ohtere and Onela. Then he followed his foes, who fled before him sore beset and stole their way, 2935bereft of a ruler, to Ravenswood. With his host he besieged there what swords had left, the weary and wounded; woes he threatened the whole night through to that hard-pressed throng: some with the morrow his sword should kill, 2940some should go to the gallows-tree for rapture of ravens. But rescue came with dawn of day for those desperate men when they heard the horn of Hygelac sound, tones of his trumpet; the trusty king 2945had followed their trail with faithful band.
* ↑ Nothing.
* ↑ Dead.
* ↑ Death-watch, guard of honor, “lyke-wake.”
* ↑ A name for the Franks.—“The fleet” (literally “fleet-army”) marks a viking’s raid; but does not make necessarily for the argument that Geats were Swedes. An expedition by boat from Jutland, using the large rivers for quick piratical assaults and plunderings, is likely enough.
* ↑ The Hetwaras (see v. 2363, above) were subordinate to the Frankish or Merovingian line founded by Chlodowech (Clovis), whose grandson Theudebert was in command of the forces which routed Hygelac’s army.
* ↑ Ongentheow.—This episode has heen explained above, note to v. 2477.
* ↑ Hæthcyn.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Lactometer

See also Lactometer on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Lactom′eter or Galac′tome′ter, a simple instrument used in testing the richness of milk, is graduated into a hundred parts. Milk is poured in and allowed to stand until the cream has formed, then the depth of the cream deposit in degrees determines the quality of the milk. Another instrument, invented by Doeffel, is two inches long, divided into 40 parts, beginning at the point to which it sinks when placed in water. Milk unadulterated is shown at 14°.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Laboulaye, Edouard René de

See also Édouard René de Laboulaye on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Laboulaye (lȧ′bo͞o′lâ′), Edouard René de, a French jurist, was born at Paris, Jan. 18, 1811. He adopted the profession of an advocate or lawyer, and in 1849 was appointed professor of comparative jurisprudence in the College of France. Although he attained distinction as an essayist and story-writer, his most important works have been on French law. His Histoire Politique des Etats-Unis is well known in the United States. Laboulaye was elected to the national assembly in 1871, and was made a life-senator in 1876. He died at Paris, May 25, 1883.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Lachine Rapids

See also Lachine Rapids on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Lachine Rapids. These form a rough and dangerous, although short, section of the St. Lawrence. Lachine Canal enables vessels to avoid the rapids. The name, which means China, refers to a delusion of some early explorers who had expected the St. Lawrence to lead them into China!
# The New Student's Reference Work/La Rochefoucauld, François, Duc de

See also François de La Rochefoucauld (writer) on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​La Rochefoucauld (la rō̇sh′fo͝o′kō′), François, Duc de, was born at Paris, Sept. 15, 1613, of an old family. His father was made a duke by Louis XIII in 1625. He entered the army when a boy, and at 17 was present at the siege of Casal. He supported Queen Anne against Richelieu, and consequently was driven into exile from 1639 to 1642. He returned to the country, and wrote his Memoirs. On Mazarin's death in 1661 he returned to court, and met De Sablé. His Moral Maxims appeared in 1665. His last years were brightened by his friendship with Mme. de La Fayette, which lasted until he died at Paris, March 17, 1680.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Labor

See also Employment on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​La′bor is effort made for the satisfying of human needs. It is one of the three leading-factors in production, the others being land and capital. It is of more importance than the other two, for without labor land could not be made productive and capital could not result. Productive labor is that which produces what is necessary for man's use; unproductive labor, like that of the musician, is that which does not add to material wealth. In the early years of the world's history men performed the labor of the chase, fishing and like pursuits, and women and slaves performed the drudgery. Compulsory labor formed the basis of ancient civilization. The pyramids of Egypt and other great works were possible because the authorities could command forced labor. Slavery and serfdom are forms of forced labor. Toward the close of the 18th century labor began to be organized in large factories, with the result that great changes have taken place in the condition of the workmen. Trade-unions and co-operative societies have sprung up, and the workingman's admission to the franchise has made organized labor a powerful factor in the political world. The purely wage-workers of the United States, whose average income does not much exceed $475 annually, number over 15,000,000 or three tenths of the population. The Federation of Labor is an organization of American wage-workers, and its object is to obtain the best results for the laboring people by fair and honorable means.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Labor Day

See also Labor Day and Labour Day on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​La′bor Day in the United States is a legal holiday on which labor organizations parade to show their strength. The day is the Monday after first Sunday in September, and all government offices are closed. In many places in Europe May 1 is observed.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Labouchère, Henry

See also Henry Labouchère on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Labouchère (lȧ′bo͞o′shâr′), Henry, an English journalist and parliamentarian, was born at London in 1831. Educated at Eton, he afterwards entered the diplomatic service and served as an attaché at a number of the most important embassies. He was elected to the English parliament in 1865, but was unseated in the following year. He was elected again in 1867, and went abroad in 1868. As correspondent for the London Daily News, he sent news-matter from Paris during the siege by means of carrier pigeons. Returning to England, he was in 1880 again elected to parliament for Northampton, and represented it until 1906. He edited and published a journal called Truth, in which he frequently gave vent to his radical ideas by assailing royalty and the aristocracy. In 1900 he was denounced in the Commons for holding correspondence with the official burghers of the South African Republic before the Boer War, but did not lose his seat. In his later years he spent much time in Italy where he died, in Florence, Jan. 16, 1912.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Lablache, Luigi

See also Luigi Lablache on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Lablache (lȧ′bläsh′), Luigi, an operatic singer of renown, was born at Naples, Dec. 6, 1794. His first engagement as a singer was at Naples in 1812, and he afterward sang with much success in most of the large cities of Europe. His voice was a deep bass of great volume and exquisite quality, and his acting was on a par with his singing. Lablache gave instruction in singing to Queen Victoria. He died at Naples, Jan. 23, 1858.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Vol IV:17

| Stockton, R. — Strachan | Stadivari — Study | Sturgeon — Sumatra | Sumner — Swansea |
| Stockton, Robert Field Stock-Yards Stoddard, Charles Warren Stoddard, Richard Henry Stoics Stokers Stoke-upon-Trent Stolon Stomach Stomata Stone-Age Stone-Circles Stonehenge Stone, Lucy (Blackwell) Stones, Precious Stoneworts Stony Point Storage Battery Stork Storm Storrs, Richard Salter Story, Joseph Story, William Wetmore Stowe, Harriet Beecher Strachan, J. | Stadivari, Antonio Strafford, Thomas Wentworth Straits Settlements Strakosh, Clara Louise (Kellog) Strassburg Stratford, Can. Stratford-on-Avon Stratford de Redcliff Strathcona and Mount Royal Staus, Oscar Solomon Strauss, David Friedrich Strauss, Johann Strauss, Richard Strawberry Streator, Ill. Street-Railways Strength of Materials Strikes Strobilus Strychnine Stuart Stuart, Gilbert Charles Stuart, James Ewell Stubbs, William Study, How to | Sturgeon Sturgeon Falls, Can. Stuttgart Stuyvesant, Peter Style Stylites, Simeon Styx Submarine Navigation Subsoil Suchau Sucker (plants) Sucker (fishes) Sucre Sudan Sue, Marie Joseph Eugene Suez Canal Suffrage Suffren, Pierre Andre de Sugar “Story of Sugar” Suliotes Sulla, Lucius Cornelius Sullivan, Sir Arthur Seymour Sulphur Sulu Islands, Philippine Group Sumac Sumatra | Sumner, Charles Sumner, Edward Vose Sumter, Thomas Sun, The Sunbury, Penn. Sunday-Schools Sunderland Sunfish Sunflower Superior, Wis. Superior, Lake Surabaya Surakarta Surat Surface-Tension Surrey, Henry Howard Surveying Susa Suspensor Susquehanna River Suttee Swabia Swallows Swan Swansea |
# The New Student's Reference Work/Vol IV:18

| Swaziland — Syncarpous | Synergids — Syringa |
| Swaziland Sweatshops Sweden Swedenborg, Emanuel Sweetbrier Sweet Pea Sweet Potato Swift Swift, Jonathan Swimming Swinburne, Algernon Charles Swine Switzerland Swordfish Sycamore Sydney Sydney, Can. Symbiosis Symmes, John Cleves Symmes, John Cleves (2) Symonds, John Addington Sympathetic Nervous System Sympetalous Flowers Synagogue Syncarpous Flowers | Synergids Syracuse, N. Y. Syracuse Syracuse University Syria Syringa |
# The New Student's Reference Work/Vol IV:2

| Port Darwin — Portsmouth | Portugal — Pouter | Powder — Press | Pressure — Proctor |
| Port Darwin Port Elizabeth Port Huron, Mich. Port Jervis, N. Y. Port Louis Port Said Port Simpson Portcullis Porter, David Porter, David Dixon Porter, Fitz-John Porter, Horace Porter, Jane Porter, Noah Portia Portland Exposition, The Portland, Me. Portland, Or. Portland, Isle of Portland Vase Porto Rico Portsmouth, N. H. Portsmouth, O. Portsmouth Portsmouth, Va. | Portugal Portuguese East Africa Portuguese Guinea Poseidon Posen (province) Posen (town) Post-Mortem Examination Post-Office Potassium Potato Potato-Bug Potential Potomac Potosi Potpourri Potsdam Potstone Pottawattomies Potter, Paul Pottery Pottstown, Pa. Pottsville, Pa. Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Poultry Pound Pouter | Powder Powderly, Terence Vincent Powell, John Wesley Power Powers, Hiram Powhatan Pozzuoli Prætor Prætorian Guard Pragmatic Sanction Prague Prairie Prairie-Dog Pratt Institute Praxiteles Precession Precious Stones Pre-Emption Pre-Raphaelitism Prescott, Ariz. Prescott, William Hickling Pressburg President of the United States Press Press, Freedom of the | Pressure Pressure Gauge Pretoria Priam Prickle Prim, Juan Primrose Prince Prince Albert Prince Edward Island Prince of Wales Prince Rupert The Princess Princeton, N. J. Princeton University Principé Printing Prism Prisoners of War Prisons Privateer Privy Council Proa Procter, Bryan Waller Proctor, Richard Anthony |
# The New Student's Reference Work/Vol IV:21

| Thucydides — Tilsit | Timbuktu — Toad | Toadstool — Tonty | Top — Tourgee |
| Thucydides Thug Thurman, Allen Granbery Thyrsus Tiber Tiberius Tibet Tick Ticknor, George Ticonderoga Tides Tien-Tsin Tierra del Fuego Tiffin, O. Tiflis Tiger Tiglath Pileser Tigris Tilden, Samuel Jones Tiles Tilley, Sir Samuel Leonard Tillman, Benjamin Ryan Tillman, Samuel Escue Tilly, Johann Tserclaes Tilsit, The Treaty of | Timbuktu Timby, Theodore Ruggles Time Timothy Timur Tin Tindale, William Tinoretto, II Tippecanoe, Battle of Tippecanoe Tippoo Sahib Tirlemont Tiryns Tissot, James Joseph Jacques Titanic Disaster Titans, The Titian Titicaca Titlark Titmouse Titus titus, Flavius Sabinus Vespasianus Titusville, Pa. Tivoli Toad | Toadstool Tobacco Tobacco-Worms Tocantins River Tocqueville, Alexis Charles Henri Clérel de Todleben, Franz Eduard Togo, Admiral Togoland Tkat Tokay Tokio Toledo Toledo, O. Tolstoi, Count Leo Niklaivitch Toltecs Tomato Tomato-Worm Tombigbee Tompkins, Daniel D. Tonawanda, N. Y. Tongue Tonka Bean Tonquin Toombs, Robert Tonty, Henri de | Top Topaz Topeka, Kas. Toplady, Augustus Montague Tornado Toronto, Can. Torpedo (fish) Torpedo (weapon) Torpedo-Boat Torquemada, Tomás de Torrey, John Torricelli, Evangelista Torrington, Conn. Tortoise Tortugas Torture Torus Toscanelli dei Pozzo Total Abstinence Totem Toucan Touch Toulon Toulouse Tourgee, Albion W. |
# The New Student's Reference Work/Vol IV:3

| Projectiles — Pruning | Prussia — Pump | Punch — Pyrotechny | Pyrrhus — Pyxis |
| Projectiles Prometheus Proof-Reading Propagation Prosenchyma Proserpina Protagoras Protandry Protection Protector Proteids Protestantism Proteus Prothallium Prothero, George Walter Protococcus Protogyny Protonema Protoplasm Protozoa Provençal Language, The Proverbs Providence, R. I. Prunes Pruning | Prussia Pruth Pseudonym Psyche Psychology Psychology for Teachers Pteridophytes Ptolemy, Claudius Ptolemæus Public Schools Puck Puebla Pueblo, Col. Pueblos Puerto Rico Puffballs Puget Sound Pulaski, Casimir Pulley Pullman, George M. Pulque Pulsatilla Pulse Puma Pumice Pump | Punch Punch and Judy Punctuation Punic Wars Punishment Punjab Pupa Puritans Purple, Tyrian Pusey, Edward Bouverie Putnam, Israel Putnam, Rufus Putting the Shot Putrefaction Puvis de Chavannes, Pierre Pygmalion Pyle, Howard Pym, John Pyramids, The Pyramus and Thisbe Pyrenees Pyrenoids Pyrites Pyrometer Pyrotechny | Pyrrhus Pythagoras Pythian Games Python Pyxis |
# The New Student's Reference Work/Vol IV:19

| T — Talmud | Tamarack — Tar | Tarantula — Taxidermy | Taxonomy — Telephotography |
| T Tabernacle Tabor Tabriz Tacitus, Publius Cornelius Tacoma, Wash. Taft, Lorado Taft, William Howard Taganrog Taglioni, Maria Tagus Tailor-Bird Taine, Hippolyte Adolphe Tai-Pings Tait, Peter Guthrie Taj-Mahal Talc Talent Talisman, The Talladega, Ala. Tallahassee, Fla. Talleyrand de Perigord, Charles Maurice, Prince Tallien, Jean Lambert Talmage, Thomas De Witt Talmud | Tamarack Tamarind Tambourine Tamerlane Tammany Society Tampa Bay Tampa, Fla. Tampico Tanager Tananarivo Tancred Taney, Roger Brooke Tanganyika Tangier Tanjore Tannhäuser Tannhäuser and the Singers' Contest at the Wartburg Tannin Tanning Tantalus Tapajos Tapestry Tapioca Tapir Tar | Tarantula Tarbell, Ida Minerva Tarifa Tariff Tarkington, Newton Booth Tarpeian Rock Tarpon Tarquin Tarrytown, N. Y. Tarsus Tartaric Acid Tartars Tartary Taschereau, His Eminence Elezear Alexander Taschereau, Hon. Sir Henry E. Tashkend Tasmania Tasso, Torquato Taste Tattooing Tauchnitz, Karl Christoph Traugott Taunton, Mass. Taurus Taxes Taxidermy | Taxonomy Tay Taylor (James) Bayard Taylor, Jeremy Taylor, Zachary Tea “Story of Tea” Teachers College Teachers' Institute Teaching, Method of Teak Technical Schools Tecumseh Teeth Tegner, Esaias Teheran Tehuantepec Tekeli, Emeric Telautograph Telegraph Telegraphy, Wireless “Marconi's Own Explanation of the Wireless Telegraph” Telemachus Telemeter Telepathy Telephone Telephotography |
# The New Student's Reference Work/Vol IV:20

| Telescope — Terhune | Tern — Thayer | Theater — Thirty-nine | Thirty Tyrants — Thrush |
| Telescope Teleutospore Tell, William Teller, Henry Moore Temiskaming Lake Tempe, Vale of Temperance Temperature Tempest, The Templars, Knights Temple, Tex. Temple, Frederick Temple of Karnak Temple of Luxor, The Tendril Tenements Tenerife Teniers, David Tennessee Tennessee (river) Tennessee, University of Tennis Tennyson, Alfred Terence, Pulius Terentius Afer Terhune, Mary Virginia | Tern Terra Cotta Terra del Fuego Terrapin Terre Haute, Ind. Terrell, Tex. Terrier Terry, Alfred Howe Terry, Ellen Tesla, Nikola Testa Testing-Machine Tetrad Tetraspore Teutones Texarkana, Ark. and Tex. Texas Texas, University of Thackeray, William Makepeace Thales Thallium Thallophytes Thallus Thames Thanksgiving Day Thayer, Abbott Handerson | Theater Thebes (Egypt) Thebes (Greece) Theiss Themis Themistocles Theocritus Theodolite Theodoric the Great Theodosius I, The Great Theophrastus Theosophy Theresa, St. Thermograph Thermometer Thermopylæ Thermostat, Electrical Thermotropism Theseus Thessalonica Thessaly Thetis Thian-Shan Thiers, Louis Adolphe Thirty-nine Articles, The | Thirty Tyrants, The Thirty Years War Thistle Thomas a Kempis Thomas, Saint Thomas, George Henry Thomas, Theodore Thomasville, Ga. Thompson, Sir Benjamin Thompson, Launt Thompson, Richard Wigginton Thomson, James Thomson, Joseph John Thomson, Sir William Thor Thoreau, Henry David Thorn Thorwaldsen, Albert Bertel Thrace Thrasher Thread Three Rivers, Can. Threshing Machine Throwing the Hammer Thrush |
# The New Student's Reference Work/Vol IV:22

| Toumaline — Transpiration | Transplanting — Trinidad | Trinity — Tschaikowsky | Tsetse — Turenne |
| Toumaline Tournament Tours Toussaint, François Dominique Tower, Charlemagne Tower of London Towhee Town-Meetings Trachea Tracheid Track-Events Trade-Mark Trade-Routes Trade-Schools Trade-Winds Trade-Unions Trafalgar, Cape Trail, Henry Duff Trajan, Marcus Ulpius Transformer Trans-Isthmian Canal Transit Transit-Instrument Transkei Transmission of Power Transpiration | Transplanting Trans-Siberian Railway Transvaal Transylvania Trap Trapping Trasimenus, Lake Traverse City, Mich. Trawling Treasury, Department of Treaty of Portsmouth, The Trebizond Tree Tree-Dwellers Trench, Richard Chenevix Trenton, N. J. Triangulation Tribunes, Roman Trinchina Trichogyne Trichome Trieste Trilobite Trinidad Trinidad, Colo. | Trinity College, Toronto, Can. Tripoli (state) Tripoli (city) Trireme Tristan and Isolde Triumvirate Trolley-Cars Trollope, Anthony Trombone Tromp, Martin Harpertzoon van Tropic-Bird Tropics Troubadour Trout Trowbridge, John Townsend Troy Truffles Trumbull, John Trumbull, Jonathan Trumbull, Lyman Trumpet Trumpet-Flower Trusts Tsad Tschaikowsky, Peter Ilitch | Tsetse Tuber Tuberose Tübingen Tucker, John Randolph Tuckerman, Henry Theodore Tucson, Ariz. Tudor Tufts College Tuileries, Palace of the Tula Tulip Tulip-Tree Tulsa, Okla. Tumbleweed Tunicates Tunis (French protectorate) Tunis (city) Tunnel Tunny Tupper, Sir Charles Tupper, Martin Farquhar Turanians Turbine Turbot Turenne, Henri de la Tour D'Auvergne |
# The New Student's Reference Work/Vol IV:23

| Turgenev — Tweedie | Twickenham — Tzarsko |
| Turgenev, Ivan Turgor Turgot, Anne Robert Jacques Turin Turkestan Turkey (bird) Turkey-Buzzard Turkey (country) Turks Turks and Caicos Islands Turmeric Turner, R. Hon. Sir George Turner, Joseph Mallord William Turner, Sharon Turn-Verein Turpentine Turquoise Turtle Turtledove Tuscaloosa, Ala. Tuscany Tuscaroras Tweed Tweed, William Marcy Tweedie, Hon. L. J. | Twickenham Twilight Twiner Tyler, Tex. Tyler, John Tyler, Moses Coit Tyler, William Seymour Tylor, Edward B. Tyndale, William Tyndall, John Tyng, Stephen Higginson Type Typesetting-Machines Typewriters Typhoon Tyre Tyrol Tzarsko-Selo |
# The New Student's Reference Work/Vol IV:24

| U — United States Names | United States Steel — Urban II | Urban V — Utrecht |
| U Uganda Uhland, Johann Ludwig Uhlans Ujiji Ulfilas Ulm Ulysses Umbel Umbria Unalaska Uncas Uncle Sam Underground Railroad Underwood, Oscar W. Ungulates Unicorn Uniforms of the U. S.: Military and Naval Unio Union, N. J. Uniontown, Pa. Unit United States of America, The “The Story of Washington in Art” “Portraits of U. S. Presidents” “Story of Lincoln in Art” United States, Departments of United States Names and Meanings | United States Steel Corporation University University Extension University of California University of Chicago, The University of Colorado University of Illinois University of Kansas University of Michigan, The University of Minnesota University of Notre Dame University of Oregon University of Vermont University of Wisconsin Upas Upper Canada College Upsala Ur of the Chaldees Ural Mountains Ural Uranium Uranus (mythology) Uranus (planet) Urban Urban II | Urban V Urban VI Urban VIII Urbana, Ill. Urbino Urim and Thummim Ursa Major Ursa Minor Ursula, St. Ursulines Uruguay Uruguay Urumiah (town) Urumiah (lake) Usury Utah Utahs Utica Utica, N. Y. Utopia Utrecht Utrecht, Treaty of |
# The New Student's Reference Work/Madison, James

See also James Madison on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
* JAMES MADISON
Madison, James, fourth president of the United States, his two terms extending from 1809 to 1817, was born at Port Conway, Va., March 16, 1751, and graduated at Princeton College in 1772. He was elected to the Continental Congress in 1780 and in 1784 to the legislature of Virginia, in which he was largely instrumental in securing the fullest religious liberty to the people. He also was one of the leading spirits in the convention of 1787, which framed the constitution of the United States; and in great measure it was due to his influence that the instrument was ratified by the legislature of Virginia. Madison was a member of Congress during Washington's administration; and, although he retired to private life when John Adams became president in 1797, he was the author of the Resolutions of 1798, adopted by the legislature of Virginia in opposition to the famous alien-and-sedition laws of the Adams administration. During Jefferson's administration (1801-9) Madison filled the office of secretary of state with such ability that he was chosen Jefferson's successor and inaugurated president, March 4,1809. The principal feature of his administration was the War of 1812 between Great Britain and the United States, which was terminated by the treaty of Ghent, Dec. 14, 1814, although the battle of New Orleans was fought on the 8th of January following. On retiring from the presidency Madison took up his residence at Montpelier, Va., where he died on June 28, 1836. While not distinguished for brilliancy of intellect or great oratorical powers, Madison was a pure and able statesman, and was well-worthy of the universal respect accorded him. See Life by Adams and Life and Times by Stoddard.