OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Haughton, James

​HAUGHTON, JAMES (1795–1873), philanthropist, son of Samuel Pearson Haughton (1748–1828), by Mary, daughter of James Pim of Rushin, Queen's County, Ireland, was born in Carlow 5 May 1795, and educated at Ballitor, co. Kildare, from 1807 to 1810, under James White, a quaker. After filling several situations to learn his business he, in 1817, settled in Dublin, where he became a corn and flour factor, in partnership with his brother William. He retired in 1850. Although educated as a Friend, he joined the unitarians in 1834, and remained throughout his life a strong believer in their tenets. He supported the anti-slavery movement at an early period and took an active part in it until 1838, going in that year to London as a delegate to a convention. Shortly after Father Mathew took the pledge, 10 April 1838, Haughton became one of his most devoted disciples. For many years he gave most of his time and energies to promoting total abstinence and to advocating legislative restrictions on the sale of intoxicating drinks. In December 1844 he was the chief promoter of a fund which was raised to pay some of the debts of Father Mathew and release him from prison. About 1835 he commenced a series of letters in the public press which made his name widely known. He wrote on temperance, slavery, British India, peace, capital punishment, sanitary reform, and education. His first letters were signed ‘The Son of a Water Drinker,’ but he soon commenced using his own name and continued to write till 1872. He took a leading part in a series of weekly meetings which were held in Dublin in 1840, when so numerous were the social questions discussed that a newspaper editor called the speakers the anti-everythingarians. In association with Daniel O'Connell, of whose character he had a very high opinion, he advocated various plans for the amelioration of the condition of Ireland and the repeal of the union, but was always opposed to physical force. He became a vegetarian in 1846, both on moral and sanitary grounds. For two or three years before his death he was president of the Vegetarian Society of the United Kingdom. He was one of the first members of the Statistical Society of Dublin, 1847, a founder of the Dublin Mechanics' Institute, 1849, in the same year was on the committee of the Dublin Peace Society, aided in abolishing Donnybrook fair 1855, and took a chief part in 1861 in opening the Botanic Gardens at Glasnevin on Sundays. He died at 35 Eccles Street, Dublin, on 20 Feb. 1873, and was buried in Mount Jerome cemetery 24 Feb. in the presence of an immense crowd of people. He was the author of ‘Slavery Immoral,’ 1847, ‘A Memoir of Thomas Clarkson,’ 1847, and ‘A Plea for Teetotalism and the Maine Liquor Law,’ 1855.
[Memoir of J. Haughton, by his son Samuel Haughton, 1877, with portrait; Freeman's Journal, 21 Feb. 1873, p. 3, and 25 Feb. p. 7; Webb's Irish Biog. 1878, p. 246; American Annual Cyclop. for 1873, xiii. 593–4, 1874.]
G. C. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Kendall, Timothy

​KENDALL, TIMOTHY (fl. 1577), verse-writer, son of William Kendall, by his wife Alice, was a native of North Aston, Oxfordshire. He was educated at Eton, and in 1572 was a member of Magdalen Hall, Oxford (Reg. Univ. Oxon., Oxford Hist. Soc., ii. 2, 38). Leaving the university without a degree, he became a student at Staple Inn. In 1577 he published ‘Flowers of Epigrammes, out of sundrie the most singular authours selected, as well auncient as late writers. Pleasant and profitable to the expert readers of quicke capacitie: By Timothe Kendall, late of the Universitie of Oxford: now student of Staple Inne in London,’ bl. letter, 8vo, 152 leaves. On the reverse of the title is a list of ‘The Names of all suche Aucthours out of whom these Flowers are selected.’ Then comes an epistle dedicatory to Robert Dudley, earl of Leicester. This is followed by an address ‘to the courteous and friendly reader,’ in which Kendall states that if his translations were approved he would ‘either augment these or publish more.’ After the address are commendatory verses by W. Seymour, George Whetstones (sic), E[dward?] G[uilpin?], Abraham Fleming, A. W., gent. [Arthur Warren or Andrew Willet?], and two copies of Latin verses by G. L. Few of the translated epigrams have any merit, and some are grotesquely bad. The translations are followed by Kendall's original compositions, with a new title: ‘Trifles by Timothe Kendall deuised and written (for the most part) at sundrie tymes in his yong and tender age. Tamen est laudanda voluntas.’ Among the ‘trifles’ are ‘Verses written to his father when he was scholler at Æton,’ ‘Preceptes written in his friend Richard Woodwards praier booke, sometime his companion in Oxford,’ ‘Verses written at the request of his cosen, Mary Palmer, in her praier booke called The Pomander of Praier,’ and epitaphs on his father and mother, who were buried at North Aston. Some of the pieces are taken verbatim, without acknowledgment, from Turberville. Copies of Kendall's rare book, which has been reprinted by the Spenser Society, are preserved in the British Museum, the Bodleian Library (Malone collection), and Trinity College, Cambridge. Meres, in ‘Palladis Tamia,’ 1598, numbers Kendall among the English epigrammatists, along with Heywood, Drant, Bastard, and Davies.
A. H. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Keninghale, John

​KENINGHALE, JOHN (d. 1451), Carmelite, was a student at Oxford, and a friend of Thomas Walden [q. v.], who often mentions him in his letters, and chose him to take his ‘Doctrinale Ecclesiæ’ to Pope Martin V. Keninghale so won the pontiff's esteem that he was employed in the service of the papal see. He had before this become a Carmelite friar, and in 1430 was chosen twenty-fourth provincial of his order in England, at a council held at St. Albans. He resigned his office in 1444. He was present at the council of Bâle, and was confessor to Richard, duke of York, and his wife Cicely. Keninghale lived at Norwich, where he ​established a very fine library, and where he died 20 or 25 April 1451.
Keninghale wrote: 1. ‘Conciones Paschales,’ inc. ‘Ut refulsit sol in clypeos aureos,’ not known to be extant. 2. ‘In Aristotelem de Animalibus,’ the manuscript of which is preserved at Paris. Keninghale is sometimes called Peter, through confusion with Peter Keninghale (d. 1494), a Carmelite, who was born of a good English family in France. He studied at Oxford, became prior of the house of his order there on 21 Aug. 1466, and died there on 10 Nov. 1494. He is credited with the authorship of sermons and disputations, which do not appear to be extant.
C. L. K.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Kendall, John (1766-1829)

​KENDALL, JOHN (1766–1829), architect, born in 1766, was a pupil of James Paine [q. v.] the architect, and in 1781 and the three following years exhibited architectural designs at the Royal Academy. He subsequently settled at Exeter, and between 1808 and 1830 was employed on the restoration of the lady-chapel and chapter-house, and on other works of similar importance. In 1818 Kendall published ‘An Elucidation of the Principles of English Architecture usually denominated Gothic,’ illustrated by examples from Exeter Cathedral. The book was reprinted in 1842, but is now very scarce. Kendall died at Exeter in October 1829, aged 63.
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Kendrick, Emma Eleonora

​KENDRICK, EMMA ELEONORA (1788–1871), miniature-painter, born in 1788, was daughter of Josephus Kendrick (fl. 1813–1829), a sculptor, who in 1813 obtained a gold medal from the Royal Academy, was a frequent exhibitor there, and designed two ​monumental tablets in St. Paul's Cathedral. She was very successful as a miniature-painter, and obtained a large practice. In 1811 she exhibited for the first time at the Royal Academy, and subsequently was a frequent exhibitor there and at the Society of Artists in Suffolk Street. She did not exhibit after 1840. From 1815 to 1820 she was an exhibitor at the Old Water-colour Society. She was appointed miniature-painter to Princess Elizabeth of Hesse-Homburg, and in 1831 to the king. In 1830 she published ‘Conversations on the Art of Miniature-Painting.’ Miss Kendrick died on 6 April 1871, aged 83.
[Redgrave's Dict. of Artists; Graves's Dict. of Artists, 1760–1880; Catalogues of the Royal Academy, &c.]
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hey, Richard

​HEY, RICHARD (1745–1835), essayist and mathematician, was born at Pudsey, near Leeds, on 22 Aug. 1745, being the younger brother of the Rev. John Hey, D.D. [q. v.], and of William Hey, F.R.S. [q. v.] He became a fellow of Magdalene College, Cambridge, graduating B.A. in 1768 as third wrangler, and obtaining the chancellor's medal. In 1771 he took the degree of M.A. as fellow of Sidney Sussex College, and in 1779 LL.D. per lit. reg. In 1771 he was called to the bar at the Middle Temple. He was admitted into Doctors' Commons, but obtaining no practice retired from the bar. He was fellow and tutor of Magdalene College from 1782 till 1796, and was also elected one of the esquire bedells. In 1776 he published ‘Observations on the Nature of Civil Liberty and the Principles of Government.’ His chief work was the ‘Dissertation on the Pernicious Effects of ​Gaming,’ by which he gained a prize of fifty guineas offered through the university of Cambridge. The first edition appeared at Cambridge in 1783, and the third in 1812. Hey in 1784 gained a second prize, offered by the same anonymous donor, by his ‘Dissertation on Duelling,’ which also reached a third edition in 1812. His ‘Dissertation on Suicide’ gained him a third prize of fifty guineas. It was first printed in 1785, again in 1812, when the three dissertations were published together. In 1792, at York appeared Hey's ‘Happiness and Rights,’ in reply to the ‘Rights of Man’ by Tom Paine, pronounced to be an ‘excellent and judicious answer.’ He also wrote a tragedy in five acts called ‘The Captive Monarch,’ which was published in 1794, and in 1796 ‘Edington,’ a novel, in two volumes. His last work was ‘Some Principles of Civilisation, with detached thoughts on the Promotion of Christianity in British India,’ Cambridge, 1815. He had at various times contributed papers to the ‘Philosophical Transactions’ and other magazines. He assisted in editing a pamphlet which gives a scientific account of an Egyptian mummy, with anatomical and other details.
Hey died on 7 Dec. 1835, at Hertingfordbury, near Hertford, in the ninety-first year of his age.
[Leeds Mercury, December 1835; Taylor's Biogr. Leodiensis; Graduati Cantabr. 1823.]
R. E. A.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hewlett, Joseph Thomas James

​HEWLETT, JOSEPH THOMAS JAMES (1800–1847), novelist, son of Joseph Hewlett of the parish of St. Pancras, Middlesex, was born in 1800, and educated at the Charterhouse, where he was placed by Lord-chancellor Eldon. He matriculated from Worcester College, Oxford, on 13 May 1818, and graduated B.A. on 5 Feb. 1822, and M.A. on 25 May 1826. After taking holy orders he was appointed head-master of Abingdon grammar school. His career there was a failure; he did not hold the post long, and his subsequent life was a prolonged struggle with poverty. Retiring to Letcombe Regis, near Wantage, Berkshire, he endeavoured to gain an income by writing novels. In 1840, through the intercession of Fox Maule (afterwards Lord Panmure), an old schoolfellow, Lord-chancellor Cottenham presented him to the rectory of Little Stambridge, near Rochford, Essex, of the annual value of 175l. He died there on 24 Jan. 1847.
His works are: 1. ‘Peter Priggins, the College Scout,’ 3 vols., London, 1841, with illustrations by ‘Phiz’ (Hablot K. Browne). This novel was edited by Theodore Hook, the author's intimate friend. 2. ‘The Parish Clerk,’ 1841. 3. ‘Poetry for the Million; poems. … By a Member of Parliament,’ London, 1842, 8vo; 2nd ser. 1843. 4. ‘College Life; or the Proctor's Note-Book,’ 3 vols., London, 1843. 5. ‘Parsons and Widows,’ a novel, 3 vols., London, 1844, 12mo, and London, 1857, 8vo, in which, under the name of the ‘Curate of Mosbury,’ he obviously describes himself. 6. ‘Dunster Castle: a Tale of the Great Rebellion,’ 1845. 7. ‘Great Tom of Oxford,’ a novel, 3 vols., London, 1846, 12mo. 8. Many articles in Colburn's ‘New Monthly Magazine,’ including a series of amusing tales and sketches, under the title of ‘Æsop Illustrated.’
[Gent. Mag. 1847, pt. i. 441; Foster's Alumni Oxon.; Cat. Oxf. Grad.]
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hewson, William (1806-1870)

​HEWSON, WILLIAM (1806–1870), theological writer, son of William Hewson of 7 Tottenham Court New Road, clerk in a bank, was born on 12 April 1806; baptised at St. Margaret's, Westminster, on 28 Dec. in the same year; and entered at St. Paul's School, London, on 9 Oct. 1815. He won an exhibition and proceeded to St. John's College, Cambridge, in 1826, where he graduated B.A. in 1830 and M.A. in 1833. From June 1830 to 1833 he held the curacy of Bishop Burton in the East Riding of Yorkshire. From January 1834 he was curate of Spofforth, Yorkshire, for one year, and then became head-master of Sherburn grammar school, Yorkshire, with Sunday duty as a curate in Sherburn parish. From January 1838 until June 1847 he was head-master of St. Peter's School, York. In 1848 the Archbishop of York presented him to the perpetual curacy of Goatland, worth only 53l. a year, with permission to reside at Whitby, as there was no house for the incumbent in the parish. Hewson succeeded in obtaining an increased stipend of 275l. a year. He began to build a house, which was ​ nearly completed at the time of his death. Prophecy and its fulfilment were the principal subject of his studies. He was a laborious writer, and produced twenty-six publications, but his method of exposition was not lucid, and his works were little read. His favourite belief was that the Book of Revelation is an inspired interpretation of the spirit of Jewish prophecy. He died from disease of the heart at 1 St. Hilda Terrace, Whitby, on 23 April 1870, and was buried, as had been his wife and son, in York cemetery. On 2 Nov. 1830 he married, at St. Luke's, Chelsea, Mary Ann, only child of Samuel and Mary Reckster, and widow of Lieutenant Alfred A. Yeakell. She died on 14 Feb. 1861, having had two children, Frances Anne Hewson, who was born at Beverley on 8 Nov. 1833, and completed the publication of her father's Hebrew and Greek scriptures in 1870; and John Singleton (1835–1850). Some of William Hewson's publications were: 1. ‘The Christian's Bible Companion,’ 1855. 2. ‘The Key of David, or the Mystery of the Seven Sealed Books of Jewish Prophecy,’ 1855. 3. ‘The Oblation and Temple of Ezekiel's Prophetic Visions, in their Relation to the Restoration of the Kingdom of Israel. To which is appended a Practical Exposition of the Apocalypse. The Symbolic Chronometer. On the Mystic Number 666,’ 1858, 5 parts. 4. ‘Thy Kingdom come, or the Christian's Prayer of Penitence and Faith,’ 1859. 5. ‘Christianity in its Relation to Judaism and Heathenism, in three tracts. With Lithographic Illustrations and Revolving Diagrams,’ 1860. 6. ‘The Hebrew and Greek Scriptures compared with Oriental History, Dialling, Science, and Mythology. Also the History of the Cross gathered from many Countries,’ 1870.
G. C. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hey, John

​HEY, JOHN (1734–1815), divine, elder brother of William Hey [q. v.] and Richard Hey [q. v.], was born in July 1734, entered Catharine Hall, Cambridge, in 1751, graduated B.A. in 1755 and M.A. in 1758. He became a fellow of Sidney Sussex College in 1758, and was tutor from 1760 to 1779. He took his B.D. degree in 1765, and his D.D. in 1780. He won the Seatonian prize poem in 1763, published as ‘The Redemption: a Poetical Essay.’ His lectures upon morality were admired, and were attended by William Pitt. In 1779 Lord Maynard presented him to the rectory of Passenham, near Stony Stratford, and he afterwards obtained the adjacent rectory of Calverton in exchange for a more distant living offered to him by Lord Clarendon; and as his two rectories were of small population, was able to attend effectually to the wants of his parishioners. His only absences were caused by his election in 1780 to the Norrisian professorship of divinity, of which he was the first holder. He was re-elected in 1785 and in 1790. According to the regulations then in force, he might have been elected for another term if he had resigned in 1794, before reaching the age of sixty, but declined to do so. He held his livings until 1814, when he resigned them and moved to London. He died 17 March 1815, and was buried in St. John's Chapel, St. John's Wood.
Hey's lectures in divinity were published in 1796 in 4 vols. 8vo. A second edition appeared in 1822, and a third, edited by Turton, appeared in 1841. He published also in 1801 a ‘Set of Discourses on the Malevolent Passions’ (reprinted 1815), and printed, but did not publish, in 1811, ‘General Observations on the Writings of St. Paul.’ He published, also, several sermons. Hey's lectures are agreeably written, and candid in treatment of opponents. He was a decided rationalist, representing the difference between the church of England and the unitarians as little more than verbal, though he defended subscription to the Thirty-nine Articles.
[Gent. Mag. 1815, i. 371; L. Stephen's English Thought in the Eighteenth Century, i. 424–6.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hewlett, John

​HEWLETT, JOHN (1762–1844), biblical scholar, was born in 1762, and after taking priest's orders was admitted a sizar at Magdalene College, Cambridge, on 18 Jan. 1786, at the age of twenty-four. He proceeded B.D. in 1796; kept a school at Shackleford, Surrey, which he ultimately sold; became morning preacher at the Foundling Hospital, London, about 1802, and in 1819 rector of Hilgay, Downham, Norfolk. He was at one time professor of belles-lettres at the Royal Institution of Great Britain. He died at 55 Hunter Street, Brunswick Square, London, 13 April 1844, and was buried in the catacombs of the Foundling Chapel.
Hewlett was well known in the literary world as author of a ‘Vindication of the Parian Chronicle,’ published in 1789, in which he displayed great knowledge of the Arundel marbles. He also edited a useful edition of the Bible, which appeared in monthly parts, and had been originally undertaken by Dr. George Gregory (1754–1808) [q. v.] Besides seven single sermons he published: 1. Sermons on different subjects, 1786; 6th edition, 1816. 2. ‘A Vindication of the Authenticity of the Parian Chronicle, in Answer to a Dissertation on that Subject,’ 1789. 3. ‘Answer to some Strictures on the Authenticity of the Parian Chronicle,’ 1789. 4. ‘The Holy Bible, containing the Old and New Testament and Apocrypha, with Critical, Philosophical, and Explanatory Notes,’ 1812, 3 vols. 5. ‘A Manual of Instruction and Devotion on the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper,’ 1815, 12mo; 6th edition, 1835, 24mo. 6. ‘An Introduction to Reading and Spelling,’ 1816, 12mo. 7. ‘Commentaries and Annotations on the Holy Scriptures,’ 1816, 5 vols. 8. ‘Elements of Algebra. By L. Euler. Revised and corrected,’ 1822.
[Gent. Mag. 1844, pt. ii. p. 217; The Pulpit, by Onesimus, 1809, i. 57–65; Brownlow's Foundling Hospital, 1858, p. 79; Norwich Mercury, 20 April 1844, p. 3.]
G. C. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Heydon, Christopher

​HEYDON, Sir CHRISTOPHER (d. 1623), writer on astrology, eldest son of Sir William Heydon, knt., of Baconsthorpe, Norfolk, and descended from Sir Henry Heydon [q. v.], was educated at Cambridge. In 1586 he was induced by the ‘immoderate brag’ of Thomas Farmor to oppose his candidature for the representation of Norfolk in parliament. The election, on account of the contested return, attracted some attention, but finally the House of Commons adjudged the seats to Farmor and Gresham. However, in the parliament of 1588 Heydon represented the county, but he soon afterwards travelled abroad, and in 1596 he was knighted at the sacking of Cadiz by the Earl of Essex. His younger brother John went with Essex to Ireland in 1599, and was knighted there. Both brothers were suspected of complicity in Essex's conspiracy, but received pardons (1601). Sir Christopher died in 1623, and was buried in the church at Baconsthorpe. He was twice married, first to Mirabel, daughter and coheiress of Sir Thomas Rivet, knt., a London merchant; secondly to Anne, daughter and coheiress of John Dodge, esq., widow of Sir John Potts of Mannington, Norfolk. The first wife, by whom he had several sons, including Sir John Heydon [q. v.], was buried in Saxlingham Church; the second, by whom he had four daughters and a son, died in 1642, aged 75, and was buried beside her husband.
In 1601 John Chamber (1564–1604) [q. v.] published ‘A Treatise against Judicial Astrologie,’ London, 4to. To this Heydon replied in ‘A Defence of Judiciall Astrologie. In Answer to a Treatise lately published by M. John Chamber.’ Heydon was answered by Chamber in a treatise never published, and by George Carleton (1559–1628) [q. v.] in ‘Astrologomania, the Madnesse of Astrologers,’ 1624. ‘An Astrological Discourse … in Justification of the validity of Astrology … with an astrological judgement upon the great conjunction of Saturn and Jupiter,’ 1603, by Sir Christopher Heydon, was published in 1650. A pamphlet, called ‘A Recitall of the Caelestiall Apparititions of this present Trygon now in being,’ was written, but never published (Notes and Queries, 3rd ser. vii. 416). Many of Heydon's letters are preserved among the Gawdy MSS.
A curious account of a duel between Sir Christopher's brother John and Sir Robert Mansfield in 1599, in which Sir John lost his hand (still preserved in the Canterbury Museum), is given from original documents at Canterbury, transcribed by Mr. John Brent in the ‘Gentleman's Magazine,’ 1853, pt. i. pp. 481–8. Another account is in Brit. Mus. Add. MS. 27961.
[Blomefield's Topogr. Hist. of Norfolk, vi. 508–510; Ret. of Memb. of Parl. i. 424; Wood's Athenæ (Bliss), i. 745, ii. 347, 424; Gawdy MSS., Hist. MSS. Comm.; Brit. Mus. Add. MSS. 23006 ff. 29, 30, 23024 f. 173, 27447 ff. 115, 120, 27959 f. 7.]
G. C.
# Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century/Dorothea, virgin martyr

Dorothea, virgin, martyred with Theophilus the Advocate, and two other women, Christa and Callista, at Caesarea, in Cappadocia. Some doubt is entertained about these names, as they occur in no Greek menology or martyrology; but they are found in ancient Roman accounts; and details are given by the monk Usuard, bp. Ado, and Rabanus. They are celebrated on Feb. 6. Baronius, Bollandus, and Tillemont all place the death of Dorothea in the persecution of Diocletian.
She was a young girl of Caesarea in Cappadocia, famed so widely for Christian piety that when the governor Fabricius, Sapricius, or Apricius arrived he had her brought before him and tortured. Unable to persuade her to marry, he sent her to Christa and Callista that they might induce her to give up her faith. She converted them; whereupon the governor put them to death in a boiling cauldron.
Dorothea was again tortured, and shewed her joy for the martyrdom of Christa and Callista and for her own sufferings. The governor, insulted and enraged, ordered her head to be cut off. On her way to execution an advocate named Theophilus laughingly asked her to send him some apples and roses from the paradise of her heavenly bridegroom. The legend states that these were miraculously conveyed to him, although Cappadocia was then covered with snow. Theophilus was converted, tortured, and decapitated.
Dorothea's body is said to have been taken to Rome, and preserved in the church across the Tiber which bears her name. On her festival there is a ceremony of blessing roses and apples. Migne, Dict. Hagiograph. i. 779; Bollandus, Acta Sanct. Feb. i. p. 771; Tillem. Hist. eccl. p. 497 (Paris, 1702).
[W.M.S.]