# Republic of South Africa Constitution Act, 1961/1981-11-07

This is the text of the Republic of South Africa Constitution Act, 1961, as at 7 November 1981, that being the date on which section 10 of the Republic of South Africa Constitution Fifth Amendment Act, 1980, came into force in terms of Proclamation No. 226 of 1981.
Act
To constitute the Republic of South Africa and to provide for matters incidental thereto.
(Afrikaans text signed by the Governor-General.) (Assented to 24th April, 1961.)
as amended by
Provincial Executive Committees Act, No. 28 of 1962 Constitution Amendment Act, No. 65 of 1962 Constitution Amendment Act, No. 9 of 1963 Provincial Councils and Executive Committees Act, No. 22 of 1963 Coloured Persons Education Act, No. 47 of 1963 Provincial Executive Committees Act, No. 64 of 1963 Indians Education Act, No. 61 of 1965 Constitution Amendment Act, No. 83 of 1965 Pension Laws Amendment Act, No. 102 of 1965 Constitution Amendment Act, No. 37 of 1966 Second Finance Act, No. 58 of 1966 Constitution Amendment Act, No. 9 of 1967 Separate Representation of Voters Amendment Act, No. 50 of 1968 Pension Laws Amendment Act, No. 79 of 1968 Powers and Privileges of Provincial Councils Amendment Act, No. 37 of 1969 General Law Amendment Act, No. 101 of 1969 Constitution Amendment Act, No. 1 of 1971 Pension Laws Amendment Act, No. 93 of 1971 Provincial Finance and Audit Act, No. 18 of 1972 Provincial Affairs Act, No. 61 of 1972 General Law Amendment Act, No. 102 of 1972 Constitution and Elections Amendment Act, No. 79 of 1973 General Law Amendment Act, No. 62 of 1973 Parliamentary Service Act, No. 33 of 1974 Constitution Amendment Act, No. 48 of 1974 Second Pension Laws Amendment Act, No. 77 of 1974 Exchequer and Audit Act, No. 66 of 1975 Constitution Amendment Act, No. 60 of 1976 Financial Relations Act, No. 65 of 1976 Constitution Amendment Act, No. 30 of 1977 Proclamation No. R. 249 of 1977 Second Black Laws Amendment Act, No. 102 of 1978 Constitution Amendment Act, No. 99 of 1979 Pension Laws Amendment Act, No. 100 of 1979 Republic of South Africa Constitution Third Amendment Act, No. 28 of 1980 Republic of South Africa Constitution Second Amendment Act, No. 31 of 1980 Railways and Harbours Acts Amendment Act, No. 67 of 1980 Republic of South Africa Constitution Amendment Act, No. 70 of 1980 Republic of South Africa Constitution Fourth Amendment Act, No. 74 of 1980 Republic of South Africa Constitution Fifth Amendment Act, No. 101 of 1980 Republic of South Africa Constitution Amendment Act, No. 40 of 1981 Republic of South Africa Constitution Second Amendment Act, No. 101 of 1981
In humble submission to Almighty God, Who controls the destinies of nations and the history of peoples;
Who gathered our forebears together from many lands and gave them this their own; Who has guided them from generation to generation; Who has wondrously delivered them from the dangers that beset them;
We, who are here in Parliament assembled, declare that whereas we
Are conscious of our responsibility towards God and man;
Are convinced of the necessity to stand united To safeguard the integrity and freedom of our country; To secure the maintenance of law and order; To further the contentment and spiritual and material welfare of all in our midst;
Are prepared to accept our duty to seek world peace in association with all peace-loving nations; and
Are charged with the task of founding the Republic of South Africa and giving it a constitution best suited to the traditions and history of our land:
Be it therefore enacted by the Queen’s Most Excellent Majesty, the Senate and the House of Assembly of the Union of South Africa, as follows:―
Part I.
The Republic.
1. The Union of South Africa consisting of the provinces of the Cape of Good Hope, Natal, the Transvaal and the Orange Free State as they existed immediately prior to the commencement of this Act, shall as from the thirty-first day of May, 1961, be a republic under the name of the Republic of South Africa.
2. The people of the Republic of South Africa acknowledge the sovereignty and guidance of Almighty God.
3. As from the date mentioned in section one, any reference in any law in force immediately prior to the commencement of this Act, in the Union of South Africa or in any other territory in respect of which Parliament is competent to legislate―
(a)
(b)
(c)
Part II.
National Flag and Anthem.
4. There shall be a National Flag of the Republic of which the design shall be as set out in section five.
5. (1) The National Flag of the Republic shall be a flag consisting of three horizontal stripes of equal width from top to bottom orange, white and blue, on which there shall appear―
(a)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
(2) The flags referred to in paragraphs (a) and (b) of subsection (1) shall all be of the same size and of a shape proportionally the same as that of the National Flag, the width of each of such flags shall be equal to one-third of the width of the white stripe on the National Flag, and the flags referred to in paragraph (b) of sub-section (1) shall be equidistant from the margins of the said white stripe.
5A. (1) Any person who―
(a)
(b)
(c)
shall be guilty of an offence and liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding ten thousand rand or imprisonment for a period not exceeding five years.
(2) If in any prosecution for an offence referred to in subsection (1) it is alleged that the flag in respect of which the offence is alleged to have been committed is or was the National Flag of the Republic as described in section 5, it shall be presumed unless the contrary is proved that the flag in question complies or, as the case may be, complied with the description of the National Flag in that section.
6. The National Anthem of the Republic shall be “Die Stem van Suid-Afrika”.
Part III.
7. (1) The head of the Republic shall be the State President.
(2) The command-in-chief of the South African Defence Force is vested in the State President.
(3) He shall, subject to the provisions of this Act, have power―
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
(j)
(4) The State President shall in addition as head of the State have such powers and functions as were immediately prior to the commencement of this Act possessed by the Queen by way of prerogative.
(5) The constitutional conventions which existed immediately prior to the commencement of this Act shall not be affected by the provisions of this Act.
8. (1) The State President shall be elected by an electoral college consisting of the members of the House of Assembly, at a meeting to be called in accordance with the provisions of this section and presided over by the Chief Justice of South Africa or a judge of appeal designated by him.
(2) The election of a State President shall be held at a time and place to be fixed by the Speaker or (in his absence) the Secretary to Parliament and made known by notice in the Gazette not less than fourteen days before such election.
(3) The date so fixed shall in respect of the first such election be a date before the thirty-first day of May, 1961, and in the case of any subsequent such election a date not less than one month and not more than three months before the termination of the period of office of the State President then holding office: Provided that if the State President dies or for any other reason vacates his office before the expiration of his period of office and his successor has then not yet been elected, a date within three months after the office became vacant shall be so fixed: Provided further that if the State President intimates in his resignation lodged with the Speaker of the House of Assembly in terms of section 10 (3) that he will vacate his office on a day not less than one month after the date of the lodging of his resignation, a date which is earlier than the day on which the office becomes vacant, may be so fixed.
(4) No person may be elected or serve as State President unless he is qualified to be nominated or elected and to take his seat as a member of the House of Assembly.
(5) Any person holding any public office in respect of which he receives any remuneration or allowance out of public funds, who is elected as State President, shall vacate such office with effect from the date on which he is elected.
9. (1) Nominations of candidates for election as State President shall be called for at the meeting at which the election is to take place, by the person presiding thereat.
(2) Every nomination shall be submitted in the form prescribed and shall be signed by two members of the electoral college and also by the person nominated, unless he has in writing or by telegram signified his willingness to accept nomination: Provided that in the case of the person for the time being holding office as State President, nomination shall be by way of a decision such as is provided for in paragraph (a) of sub-section (1) of section ten.
(3) The names of the persons duly nominated as provided in sub-section (2) shall be announced at the meeting at which the elections is to take place by the person presiding thereat, and no debate shall be allowed at the election.
(4) If in respect of any election only one nomination has been received, the person presiding at the meeting shall declare the candidate in question to be duly elected.
(5) Where more that one candidate is nominated for election, a vote shall be taken by secret ballot, each member of the electoral college present at the meeting in question having one vote, and any candidate in whose favour a majority of all the votes cast is recorded, shall be declared duly elected by the person presiding at the meeting.
(6) (a) If no candidate obtains a majority of all the votes so cast, the candidate who received the smallest number of votes shall be eliminated and a further ballot taken in respect of the remaining candidates, this procedure being repeated as often as may be necessary until a candidate receives a majority of all the votes cast and is declared duly elected.
(b) Whenever two or more candidates being the lowest on the poll have received the same number of votes, the electoral college shall by separate vote, to be repeated as often as may be necessary, determine which of these candidates shall for the purpose of paragraph (a) be eliminated.
(7) (a) Whenever―
(i)
(ii)
and there is an equality of votes between those two candidates, a further meeting shall be called in accordance with the provisions of section eight, and the provisions of this section shall apply as if such further meeting were the first meeting called for the purposes of the election in question.
(b) At the third meeting called in connection with any particular election, the person presiding at the meeting shall in the event of an equality of votes between any two candidates under the circumstances described in paragraph (a), have and exercise a casting vote.
(8) (a) The Speaker of the House of Assembly shall make rules in regard to the procedure to be observed at a meeting of the electoral college, including rules prescribing the form in which any nomination shall be submitted, and rules defining the duties of the presiding officer and of any person appointed to assist him and prescribing the manner in which the ballot at any such meeting shall be conducted.
(b) Any such rules shall be made known in such manner as the Speaker of the House of Assembly may consider necessary.
10. (1) (a) The State President shall hold office for a period of seven years from the date upon which he takes the oath prescribed in section twelve, and shall not on termination of his period of office be eligible for re-election, unless it is expressly otherwise decided by the electoral college.
(b) He shall cease to hold office on a resolution passed by the House of Assembly declaring him to be removed from office on the ground of misconduct or inability to perform efficiently the duties of his office.
(2) (a) No resolution shall be taken under paragraph (b) of sub-section (1), except after consideration of a report of a committee of the House of Assembly appointed in pursuance of a resolution of the House of Assembly.
(b) The House of Assembly shall not adopt a resolution that such a committee be appointed, unless there has previously been submitted to the Speaker of the House of Assembly a petition signed by not less than thirty members of the House of Assembly and requesting that such a committee be appointed.
(c) In connection with any resolution contemplated in paragraph (b) no debate shall be allowed in the House of Assembly.
(3) The State President may resign by lodging his resignation in writing with the Speaker of the House of Assembly, who shall forthwith advise the Prime Minister of such resignation.
(4) The State President shall not be absent from the Republic except with the prior consent of the Executive Council.
10A. (1) There shall be a Vice State President.
(2) The provisions of sections 8, 9 and 10 apply mutatis mutandis in respect of the election, qualifications, period of office and removal from office of the Vice State President.
(3) The Vice State President shall be the chairman of the President’s Council: Provided that he shall not act as chairman of the said council while he serves as Acting State President.
11. Whenever the office of State President is vacant or the State President is for any reason unable to perform the duties of his office, the Vice State President shall serve as Acting State President, and if the office of Vice State President is vacant or the holder of that office is unable to act, the Speaker of the House of Assembly or, if his office is vacant or he is unable to act, a person appointed by the Executive Council shall serve as Acting State President.
12. The State President, the Vice State President and any Acting State President who does not occupy the office of Vice State President shall before assuming office make and subscribe an oath of office in the following form before the Chief Justice of South Africa or a Judge of the Supreme Court of South Africa:
In the presence of Almighty God and in full realization of the high calling I assume as State President/Vice State President/Acting State President in the service of my people, I, A.B., do swear to be faithful to the Republic of South Africa and do solemnly and sincerely promise at all times to promote that which will advance it, to oppose all that may harm it and to dedicate myself to the welfare of its inhabitants, to obey, observe, uphold and maintain the Constitution and all other Law of the Republic, to discharge my duties with all my strength and talents to the best of my knowledge and ability and true to the dictates of my conscience, to do justice unto all and to devote myself to the well-being of my people.
May the Almighty by His grace guide and sustain me in keeping this oath with honour and dignity.
So help me God.
13. Any person who commits any act which is calculated to violate the dignity or injure the reputation of the State President, the Vice State President or an Acting State President, shall be guilty of an offence and liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding ten thousand rand or imprisonment for a period not exceeding five years.
14. (1) There shall be paid to the State President and the Vice State President out of and as a charge on the State Revenue Fund, in addition to any allowances appropriated from time to time by Parliament, and apart from any privileges which they may enjoy, each a salary determined, subject to the provisions of subsection (2), by resolution of the House of Assembly from time to time.
(2) The salary of the State President or the Vice State President shall not be reduced during his term of office.
15. (1) There shall be payable out of and as a charge on the Consolidated Revenue Fund―
(a)
(b)
(2) Any pension under sub-section (1) shall be payable―
(a)
(b)
(3) Notwithstanding the repeal by section one hundred and twenty of section ten bis of the South Africa Act, 1909, any pension which but for such repeal would have been payable to any person under the latter section shall continue to be payable as if the repeal had not been effected.
15A. The provisions of section 15 (1) and (2) apply mutatis mutandis in respect of a person who occupied the office of Vice State President and his widow.
Part IV.
Executive Government.
16. (1) The executive government of the Republic in regard to any aspect of its domestic or foreign affairs is vested in the State President, acting on the advice of the Executive Council.
(2) Save where otherwise expressly stated or necessarily implied, any reference in this Act to the State President shall be deemed to be a reference to the State President acting on the advice of the Executive Council.
(3) The provisions of sub-sections (1) and (2) of this section shall not be construed to affect the exercise by the State President of his powers under section twenty, in so far as it relates to the appointment of Ministers, or section twenty-five, paragraph (a) of sub-section (1) of section thirty-three or section forty-seven, or the constitutional conventions relating to the exercise of his functions by the State President.
17. The Executive Council shall consist of the Ministers appointed under section twenty for the time being holding office.
18. (1) There shall be a Seal of the Republic, showing the coat of arms of the Republic with the circumscription “Republic of South Africa—Republiek van Suid-Afrika”.
(2) The Seal shall be in the custody of the State President, and shall, save in so far as may otherwise be determined by the State President, be used on all public documents on which the Royal Great Seal or the Royal Signet of the Union of South Africa or the Governor-General’s Great Seal was immediately prior to the commencement of this Act required to be used.
19. (1) The will and pleasure of the State President as head of the executive government of the Republic shall be expressed in writing under his signature, and every instrument signed by him shall be countersigned by a Minister.
(2) The signature of the State President on any instrument shall be confirmed as provided in section eighteen.
20. (1) The State President may appoint persons not exceeding twenty in number to administer such departments of State of the Republic as the State President may establish.
(2) Persons appointed under sub-section (1) shall hold office during the pleasure of the State President and shall be the Ministers of the Republic.
(3) No Minister shall hold office for a longer period than twelve months unless he is or becomes a member of the House of Assembly, and a person who was a Minister without being a member of the House of Assembly shall not again be appointed as a Minister unless he is such a member.
(4) Whenever a Minister is from any cause whatever unable to perform any of the functions of his office, the State President may appoint any other member of the Executive Council to act in the said Minister’s stead, either generally or in the performance of any particular function.
(5) A Minister shall before assuming his duties as such or as a member of the Executive Council make and subscribe an oath before the State President or a person designated by him, in the following form:
I, A.B., do hereby swear to be faithful to the Republic of South Africa and undertake before God to honour this oath; to hold my office as Minister and as a member of the Executive Council with honour and dignity; to respect and uphold the Constitution and all other Law of the Republic; to be a true and faithful counsellor; not to divulge directly or indirectly any matters brought before the Executive Council which are entrusted to me under secrecy; and to perform the duties of my office conscientiously and to the best of my ability.
So help me God.
(6) Any department of State established under section fourteen of the South Africa Act, 1909, and in existence immediately prior to the commencement of this Act, shall be deemed to have been duly established under this section, and any officer appointed under sub-section (1) of the first-mentioned section to administer any such department and holding office immediately prior to such commencement, shall be deemed to have been duly appointed under this section to administer that department, but shall make and subscribe the oath prescribed in sub-section (5) before assuming his duties.
20A. (1) The State President may assign the administration of any provision in any law which entrusts to a Minister any power, duty or function, to any other Minister, either specifically or by way of a general assignment of the administration of any law or of all laws entrusting powers, duties or functions to such first-mentioned Minister.
(2) The Prime Minister may assign any power, duty or function entrusted to him by any law, to any other Minister to be exercised or performed on his behalf by such other Minister.
21. (1) (a) The State President may appoint any person to hold office during his pleasure as Deputy Minister of any specified Department of State or Deputy Minister of such other description as the State President may determine, and to exercise or perform on behalf of a Minister any of the powers, functions and duties entrusted to such Minister under any law or otherwise which may, subject to the directions of the State President, be assigned to him from time to time by the said Minister.
(b) Not more than six persons may be appointed under this sub-section.
(c) Any reference in any law to a deputy to a Minister shall be construed as including a reference to a Deputy Minister appointed under this sub-section, and any such reference to a Minister shall be construed as including a reference to a Deputy Minister acting in pursuance of an assignment under paragraph (a) by the Minister for whom he acts.
(2) Any person appointed under this section shall before assuming the duties of his office make and subscribe before the State President or a person designated by him for the purpose, an oath in such form as the State President may determine.
(3) No person appointed under this section shall hold office for a longer period than three months unless he is or becomes a member of the House of Assembly.
(4) Any person appointed under sub-section (3) of section fourteen of the South Africa Act, 1909, and holding office immediately prior to the commencement of this Act, shall be deemed to have been duly appointed under this section, and may, subject to the provisions of this section, continue to exercise or perform any powers, duties and functions which immediately prior to such commencement could be exercised or performed by him by virtue of a determination under sub-section (3) of the first-mentioned section, as if he were authorized to exercise such powers or perform such duties or functions in pursuance of a determination made by the Minister concerned in terms of this section, but shall make and subscribe the oath required under sub-section (2) before assuming the duties of his office.
22. The appointment and removal of persons in the service of the Republic shall be vested in the State President, unless the appointment or removal is delegated by the State President to some other authority or is in terms of this Act or any other law vested in some other authority.
23. Save as is otherwise provided in section twenty-seven, Pretoria shall be the seat of Government of the Republic.
Part V.
Parliament.
24. The legislative power of the Republic is vested in the Parliament of the Republic, which consists of the State President and a House of Assembly.
25. The State President may appoint such times for holding the sessions of the House of Assembly as he thinks fit, and may also from time to time, by proclamation in the Gazette or otherwise, prorogue the House of Assembly.
26. There shall be a session of the House of Assembly at least once in every year, so that a period of 12 months shall not intervene between the last sitting of the House of Assembly in one session and its first sitting in the next session.
27. Cape Town shall be the seat of the Legislature of the Republic.
House of Assembly.
40. (1) The House of Assembly shall be composed of―
(a)
(b)
(c)
(1A) The State President may make regulations in regard to the election of members in terms of subsection (1) (c), including regulations prescribing the method of voting and of transferring and counting votes and the duties of returning officers in connection with such election of members.
(1B) A casual vacancy in the seat of a member nominated or elected in terms of subsection (1) (b) or (c) shall be filled by the nomination or election of a member for the unexpired portion of the period of office of the member in whose stead he is nominated or elected, and in the same manner in which the last-mentioned member was nominated or elected.
(1C) Any person who―
(a)
(b)
(c)
shall, during the period which in terms of subsection (1D) of this section is applicable in his case, be deemed to have been nominated from the province concerned in terms of the said paragraph (b) or elected in terms of the said paragraph (c), as the case may be, as a member of the House of Assembly on that polling day.
(1D) Any person who is a member of the House of Assembly in terms of the provisions of subsection (1C) shall cease to be such a member in terms of those provisions―
(a)
(b)
(2) The number of members of the House of Assembly to be elected in each province, shall be as follows:―
| Cape of Good Hope | 55 |
| Natal | 20 |
| Orange Free State | 14 |
| Transvaal | 76. |
(3) Notwithstanding any provision to the contrary contained in this Act, the number of members of the House of Assembly to be elected in each province as provided in subsection (2), shall not be altered until a period of ten years has elapsed from the date of commencement of section 81 of the Constitution and Elections Amendment Act, 1973.
41. At any general election of members of the House of Assembly under this Act, all polls shall be taken on one and the same day in all the electoral divisions throughout the Republic, such day to be appointed by the State President.
42. (1) At intervals of not less than five years and not more than ten years commencing from the last delimitation of electoral divisions under the South Africa Act, 1909, the State President shall appoint a delimitation commission consisting of three judges of the Supreme Court of South Africa, which shall, subject to the provisions of section 40 (2), divide the Republic into one hundred and sixty-five electoral divisions in such a manner that no electoral division is situated partly in one province and partly in another province.
(2) No judge shall be appointed under sub-section (1) as a member of a delimitation commission unless he has served as a judge either in a permanent or temporary capacity, for a total period of not less than five years.
(3) In dividing the Republic into electoral divisions in terms of sub-section (1) the said commission shall act in accordance with the provisions of section forty-three.
43. (1) For the purposes of any division of the provinces into electoral divisions, the quota of each province shall be obtained by dividing the number of white voters in the province, in terms of the current voters’ lists, duly corrected up to the latest possible date, by the number of members of the House of Assembly to be elected therein in terms of section 40.
(2) Each province shall be divided into electoral divisions in such a manner that each such division shall, subject to the provisions of subsection (3), contain a number of voters as nearly as may be equal to the quota of the province.
(3) The delimitation commission shall give due consideration to―
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
in such manner that, while taking the quota of voters as the basis of division, the commission may depart therefrom whenever it is deemed necessary, but in no case to any greater extent than fifteen per cent more or fifteen per cent less than the quota: Provided that in the case of an electoral division with an area of twenty-five thousand square kilometres or more, the commission may reduce the number of voters to a number equal to seventy per cent of the quota.
44. (1) A commission constituted under the provisions of section forty-two shall submit to the State President―
(a)
(b)
(c)
(2) The State President may refer to the commission for its consideration all matters relating to such list or arising out of the powers or duties of the commission.
(3) The State President shall by proclamation in the Gazette make known the names and boundaries of the electoral divisions as finally settled and certified by the commission, or a majority thereof, and thereafter, until there shall be a re-division, the electoral divisions as named and defined shall be the electoral divisions of the Republic in the provinces.
(4) If any discrepancy arises between the description of the divisions and the aforesaid map or maps, the description or, if the description has been amended in terms of subsection (5), the description as so amended, shall prevail.
(5) (a) If the commission is satisfied that any such discrepancy as aforesaid is due to an error in the description of the boundaries of any division, it shall in writing inform the State President accordingly and submit an amendment of the relevant description, correcting the error and certified by the commission, to the State President, unless the period allowed in terms of paragraph (c) for such an amendment has expired.
(b) Subject to the provisions of paragraph (c), the State President shall by proclamation in the Gazette make known any amendment submitted to him in terms of paragraph (a), and thereafter, until there shall be a re-division, the boundaries as so amended shall be the boundaries of the division concerned.
(c) No description of the boundaries of any division shall be amended under this subsection after the date on which the proclamation in respect of the first general election held after the completion of the relevant re-division is published in the Gazette in terms of section 34 of the Electoral Act, 1979 (Act No. 45 of 1979).
(6) (a) The State President may by proclamation in the Gazette alter the name of any division as made known under subsection (3).
(b) The name given to any division under paragraph (a) shall, notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (3), be the name of that division until there shall be a re-division.
45. Any alteration in the number of members of the House of Assembly to be elected in the several provinces, and any re-division of the provinces into electoral divisions, shall, in respect of the election of members of the House of Assembly, come into operation at the next general election held after the completion of the re-division or of any allocation consequent upon such alteration, and not earlier.
46. No person shall be qualified to be a member of the House of Assembly under this Act, unless he―
(a)
(b)
(c)
47. (1) Every House of Assembly shall continue for five years from the first meeting thereof, and no longer, but may at any time be dissolved by the State President by proclamation in the Gazette.
(2) For the purposes of sub-section (1), the date of the first meeting of the first Parliament under this Act shall be taken to have been the fourth day of July, 1958.
48. (1) The House of Assembly shall, before proceeding to the dispatch of any other business, choose a member to be the Speaker of the House, and, as often as the office of Speaker becomes vacant, the House shall again choose a member to be the Speaker.
(2) The Speaker shall cease to hold office if he ceases to be a member of the House of Assembly, and may be removed from office by resolution of the House and may resign his office or his seat by writing under his hand addressed to the State President.
49. Prior to or during the absence of the Speaker, the House of Assembly may choose a member to perform his duties in his absence.
50. The presence of at least thirty members of the House of Assembly shall be necessary to constitute a meeting of the House for the exercise of its powers.
51. All questions in the House of Assembly shall be determined by a majority of votes of members present other than the Speaker or the presiding member, who shall, however, have and exercise a casting vote in the case of an equality of votes.
52. Every member of the House of Assembly shall, before taking his seat, make and subscribe before the State President, or some person authorized by him, an oath in the following form:
I, A.B., do swear to be faithful to the Republic of South Africa and solemnly promise to perform my duties as a member of the House of Assembly to the best of my ability.
So help me God.
53. Notwithstanding any dissolution of the House of Assembly under this Act, whether by effluxion of time or otherwise―
(a)
(b)
(c)
during the period following such dissolution up to and including the day immediately preceding the polling day for the election held in pursuance of such dissolution, in the same manner in all respects as if the dissolution had not occurred.
54. (1) Any member of the President’s Council who―
(a)
(b)
(2) A member of the House of Assembly who is appointed as a member of the President’s Council, shall vacate his seat as a member of the House of Assembly with effect from the date on which he becomes a member of the President’s Council.
(3) A member of the House of Assembly who is elected as a member of a provincial council shall cease to be a member of the House of Assembly with effect from the date upon which he becomes a member of that provincial council.
(4) A Minister who is not a member of the House of Assembly shall have the right to sit and to speak in the House of Assembly, but shall not vote therein.
55. No person shall be capable of being elected or nominated or of sitting as a member of the House of Assembly, if he―
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(ivA)
(v)
(vi)
(vii)
56. A member of the House of Assembly shall vacate his seat, if he―
(a)
(b)
(c)
57. Any person who is by law incapable of sitting as a member of the House of Assembly, and who while so incapable and knowing or having reasonable grounds for knowing that he is so incapable, sits or votes as a member of the House of Assembly, shall be liable to a penalty of two hundred rand for each day on which he so sits or votes, to be recovered on behalf of the Treasury of the Republic by action in any division of the Supreme Court of South Africa.
58. The House of Assembly may make rules and orders with respect to the order and conduct of its business and proceedings.
Powers of Parliament.
59. (1) Parliament shall be the sovereign legislative authority in and over the Republic, and shall have full power to make laws for the peace, order and good government of the Republic.
(2) No court of law shall be competent to enquire into or to pronounce upon the validity of any Act passed by Parliament, other than an Act which repeals or amends or purports to repeal or amend the provisions of section one hundred and eight or one hundred and eighteen.
61. Any Bill which appropriates revenue or moneys for the ordinary annual services of the Government shall deal only with such appropriation.
62. The House of Assembly shall not consider any proposal whether by way of a vote or by way of a resolution, address or Bill, for the appropriation of any part of the public revenue or of any tax or impost to any purpose, which has not been initiated by a Minister, unless such appropriation has been recommended by message from the State President during the session in which such proposal is made.
64. (1) When a Bill is presented to the State President for his assent, he shall declare according to his discretion, but subject to the provisions of this Act, that he assents thereto or that he withholds assent.
(2) The State President may return to the House of Assembly any Bill so presented to him and may transmit therewith any amendments which he may recommend, and the House of Assembly may deal with the recommendation.
65. As soon as may be after any law has been assented to by the State President, the Secretary to Parliament shall cause two fair copies of such law, one being in the English and the other in the Afrikaans language (one of which copies shall have been signed by the State President), to be enrolled of record in the office of the Registrar of the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of South Africa, and such copies shall be conclusive evidence as to the provisions of every such law, and in case of conflict between the two copies so enrolled that signed by the State President shall prevail.
Part VI.
The Provinces.
Administrators.
66. (1) In each province there shall be a chief executive officer appointed by the State President who shall be known as the administrator of the province, and in whose name all executive acts relating to provincial affairs therein shall be done.
(2) In the appointment of the administrator of any province, the State President shall as far as practicable give preference to persons resident in such province.
(3) An administrator shall hold office for a period of five years and shall not be removed from office before the expiration thereof except by the State President for cause assigned which shall be communicated by message to the House of Assembly within one week after the removal, if Parliament is in session, or, if Parliament is not in session, within one week after the commencement of the next ensuing session.
(4) The State President may from time to time appoint a deputy-administrator to execute the office and functions of the administrator during his absence or illness or whenever for any reason he is unable to perform the duties of his office, or while the appointment of an administrator for the province concerned is pending.
(5) If any person has during any period before or after the commencement of this subsection executed the office and functions of an administrator in any of the circumstances referred to in subsection (4) without having been or before having been appointed as deputy administrator, the State President may appoint him as deputy administrator under the lastmentioned subsection with retrospective effect for the said period or for a period including the said period.
67. The salaries and allowances of the administrators shall be fixed by the State President and shall not be reduced during their respective terms of office.
Provincial Councils.
68. (1) There shall be a provincial council in each province consisting of the same number of members as are elected in the province for the House of Assembly under this Act: Provided that, in any province whose representatives in the House of Assembly are fewer than twenty in number, the provincial council shall consist of twice as many members as the number of representatives of that province in the House of Assembly.
(2) Any person qualified to vote for the election of members of a provincial council under this Act shall be qualified to be a member of such council under this Act.
(3) Any provincial council constituted as provided in section seventy of the South Africa Act, 1909, and in existence immediately prior to the commencement of this Act, shall be deemed to have been duly constituted as provided in this Act.
69. (1) The members of a provincial council under this Act shall be elected by the persons qualified to vote for the election of members of the House of Assembly in the province voting in the same electoral divisions as are delimited for the election of members of the House of Assembly under this Act: Provided that, in any province in which fewer than twenty members are elected to the House of Assembly, the delimitation of the electoral divisions for the purposes of the election of members of the provincial council shall be effected by the same commission and on the same principles as are prescribed in regard to the electoral divisions of the House of Assembly and in such a manner that each electoral division of the House of Assembly in the said province is divided into two electoral divisions of the provincial council, each containing, subject to the provisions of section 43 (3), a number of voters as nearly as may be equal to one half of the number of voters in that electoral division of the House of Assembly.
(2) Any alteration in the number of members of the provincial council, and any re-division of the province into electoral divisions, shall come into operation at the next general election for such council held after the completion of such re-division or of any allocation consequent upon such alteration, and not earlier.
(3) The election in all the electoral divisions in the provinces shall take place on one and the same day and such day shall be appointed by the State President.
(4) Any person who immediately prior to the commencement of this Act holds office as a member of the provincial council by virtue of an election held as provided in section seventy-one of the South Africa Act, 1909, shall be deemed to have been elected to the corresponding provincial council established by this Act.
70. (1) The provisions of sections fifty-five, fifty-six and fifty-seven, relative to members of the House of Assembly, shall mutatis mutandis apply to members of the provincial councils.
(2) Any member of a provincial council who becomes a member of the President’s Council or the House of Assembly, shall cease to be a member of such provincial council.
71. (1) (a) Subject to the provisions of paragraph (b) a provincial council shall continue for five years from the date of its first meeting, but the State President may at any time by proclamation in the Gazette dissolve all provincial councils with effect from the same date.
(b) Should a provincial council dissolve by effluxion of time on a date during the existence of the House of Assembly, the State President may by proclamation in the Gazette extend the duration of that provincial council by a period not exceeding eighteen months: Provided that if the House of Assembly is dissolved on a date before the expiration of the said period, that provincial council may be dissolved by the State President by proclamation in the Gazette on the last-mentioned date.
(2) The provisions of section 53 relating to the tenure of office of the members and the functioning of the House of Assembly upon a dissolution thereof, and to the summoning of the House of Assembly after it has been dissolved, shall mutatis mutandis apply with reference to a dissolution and summoning of any provincial council.
72. (1) The administrator of a province shall by proclamation in the Official Gazette of that province fix such times for holding the sessions of the provincial council of that province as he may think fit, and may from time to time prorogue such council: Provided that there shall be a session of every provincial council once at least in every year so that a period of twelve months shall not intervene between the last sitting of the council in one session and its first sitting in the next session.
(2) If immediately before the commencement of this Act any provincial council constituted under the South Africa Act, 1909, is in session by virtue of a proclamation issued under section seventy-four of that Act, that session shall be resumed from a date after such commencement to be determined before such commencement by resolution of that council in the same manner as if it were a session of the corresponding provincial council established by this Act for the holding of which the time had been duly fixed in terms of this Act.
73. (1) The provincial council shall elect from among its members a chairman, and may make rules for the conduct of its proceedings.
(2) Rules made under sub-section (1) shall be transmitted by the administrator to the State President, and shall have full force and effect unless and until the State President expresses his disapproval thereof in writing addressed to the administrator.
74. The members of the provincial council other than members who are also members of the executive committee shall receive such allowances as shall be determined by the State President.
75. The powers, privileges and immunities of a provincial council and of the members and committees of a provincial council shall, subject to the provisions of this Act, be such as are declared by Parliament.
Executive Committees.
76. (1) Each provincial council shall at its first meeting after any general election elect from among its members, or otherwise, four persons to form with the administrator, who shall be chairman, an executive committee for the province.
(2) The members of the executive committee other than the administrator shall hold office until the election of their successors in the same manner.
(3) (a) The members so elected shall receive such remuneration as the State President shall determine.
(b) There shall be no differentiation as regards the remuneration determined under paragraph (a) in respect of the members of the various executive committees except to the extent that the remuneration of such members who in the opinion of the State President perform full time service may differ from the remuneration of such members who in his opinion do not perform full time service.
(4) (a) A member of the provincial council shall not forfeit his seat by reason of his having been elected as a member of the executive committee.
(b) A member of the executive committee shall not be disqualified from being elected or nominated as a member of the House of Assembly or the provincial council.
(c) A member of the executive committee who becomes a member of the House of Assembly shall cease to be a member of the executive committee with effect from the date on which he becomes a member of the House of Assembly.
(d) A member of the executive committee shall not be disqualified from being appointed as deputy-administrator under sub-section (4) of section sixty-six and any such member so appointed shall as from the termination of the appointment resume his office and functions as a member of such executive committee unless his successor has in the meantime been elected under the provisions of sub-section (1) of this section.
(5) Any casual vacancy arising in the executive committee shall be filled by election by the provincial council if in session, or, if the council is not in session, by a person appointed by the executive committee to hold office temporarily pending an election by the council.
77. (1) Members of the executive committee of a province shall be elected by majority vote, each voter having one non-transferable vote for every member of that committee to be elected.
(2) If two or more persons who at any election of members of an executive committee are candidates for the same seat, receive the same number of votes, a re-election of a member for that seat shall be held forthwith according to that principle of proportional representation according to which each voter has one transferable vote, and if at such re-election the said persons again receive the same number of votes, one of the said persons to be determined by the drawing of lots shall be deemed to have been elected as the member for that seat.
(3) The State President may make regulations in regard to the election of members of the executive committee of a province under this section, including regulations in regard to the duties of returning officers in connection with such elections and in regard to the drawing of lots under the circumstances contemplated in subsection (2).
78. The administrator and any other member of the executive committee of a province, not being a member of the provincial council, shall have the right to take part in the proceedings of the council, but shall not have the right to vote: Provided that a member of the executive committee who is a member of the provincial council, and who is appointed as a deputy-administrator under the provisions of subsection (4) of section sixty-six, shall during the period of his appointment retain the right to vote as a member of the provincial council.
79. (1) The executive committee shall on behalf of the provincial council carry on the administration of provincial affairs.
(2) Whenever there are not sufficient members of the executive committee to form a quorum according to the rules of the committee, the administrator shall as soon as practicable convene a meeting of the provincial council for the purpose of electing members to fill the vacancies, and until such election the administrator shall carry on the administration of provincial affairs.
80. Subject to the provisions of this Act, all powers, authorities and functions which immediately prior to the commencement of this Act were vested in or exercised by the executive committee of a province in terms of the South Africa Act, 1909, shall as far as the same continue in existence and are capable of being exercised after the commencement of this Act, be vested in the corresponding executive committee established under this Act.
81. (1) Questions arising in the executive committee shall be determined by a majority of votes of the members present, and, in case of an equality of votes, the administrator shall have also a casting vote.
(2) Subject to the approval of the State President, the executive committee may make rules for the conduct of its proceedings.
82. Subject to the provisions of any law passed by Parliament regulating the conditions of appointment, tenure of office, retirement and superannuation of public officers, the executive committee shall have power to appoint such officers as may be necessary, in addition to officers assigned to the province by the State President under the provisions of this Act, to carry out the services entrusted to it and to make and enforce regulations for the organization and discipline of such officers.
83. In regard to all matters in respect of which no powers are reserved or delegated to the provincial council, the administrator shall act on behalf of the State President when required to do so, and in such matters the administrator may act without reference to the other members of the executive committee.
Powers of Provincial Councils.
84. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act, the Financial Relations Consolidation and Amendment Act, 1945 (Act No. 38 of 1945), and the assent of the State President as hereinafter provided, a provincial council may make ordinances in relation to matters coming within the following classes of subjects, namely―
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(i)
(ii)
(fA)
(fB)
(fC)
(g)
(h)
(i)
(j)
(k)
(l)
(m)
(2) An ordinance passed by a provincial council in relation to any matter referred to in paragraph (f) of sub-section (1), may provide for the appointment by the administrator of the province concerned, or any specified authority, of the members or any number of the members of any institution or body referred to in the said paragraph.
85. Any ordinance made by a provincial council shall have effect in and for the province as long and as far only as it is not repugnant to any Act of Parliament.
86. A provincial council may recommend to Parliament the passing of any law relating to any matter in respect of which such council is not competent to make ordinances.
87. In regard to any matter which requires to be dealt with by means of a private Act of Parliament, the provincial council of the province to which the matter relates may, subject to such procedure as may be prescribed by Parliament, take evidence by means of a select committee or otherwise for and against the passing of such law, and, upon receipt of a report from such council, together with the evidence upon which it is founded, Parliament may pass such Act without further evidence being taken in support thereof.
88. (1) There shall in every province be a provincial revenue fund into which shall be paid all revenues as defined in section 1 of the Provincial Finance and Audit Act, 1972.
(2) No moneys shall be withdrawn from a provincial revenue fund except in accordance with an Act of Parliament.
(3) The administrator of a province may, subject to the laws relating to education, authorize every educational institution in the province which is specified in a list published by the State President by proclamation in the Gazette, to retain and apply such of its revenues and other moneys received by it, as the administrator may from time to time determine, for the purpose of meeting its expenditure, and such revenues and other moneys shall, notwithstanding the provisions of sub-section (1), not to be paid into the provincial revenue fund, but shall be accounted for and dealt with as the administrator may prescribe.
89. (1) When a proposed ordinance has been passed by a provincial council it shall be presented by the administrator to the State President for his assent.
(2) The State President shall declare within one month from the presentation to him of the proposed ordinance that he assents thereto, or that he withholds assent, or that he reserves the proposed ordinance for further consideration.
(3) A proposed ordinance so reserved shall not have any force unless and until, within one year from the day on which it was presented to the State President he makes known by proclamation in the Gazette that it has received his assent.
90. (1) An ordinance assented to by the State President and promulgated by the administrator shall, subject to the provisions of this Act, have the force of law within the province.
(2) The administrator shall cause two fair copies of every such ordinance, one being in the English and the other in the Afrikaans language (one of which copies shall have been signed by the State President), to be enrolled of record in the office of the Registrar of the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of South Africa, and such copies shall be conclusive evidence as to the provisions of such ordinance, and, in case of conflict between the two copies so enrolled, that signed by the State President shall prevail.
92. Notwithstanding anything in this Act contained, all powers, authorities and functions lawfully exercised at the commencement of this Act by divisional or municipal councils, or any other duly constituted local authority or body contemplated in paragraph (vi) of section eighty-five of the South Africa Act, 1909, shall be and remain in force until varied or withdrawn by Parliament or by a provincial council having power in that behalf.
93. The seats of provincial government shall be―
| For the Cape of Good Hope | Cape Town. |
| For Natal | Pietermaritzburg. |
| For the Transvaal | Pretoria. |
| For the Orange Free State | Bloemfontein. |
Part VII.
Administration of Justice.
94. (1) The judicial authority of the Republic shall be vested in a Supreme Court to be known as the Supreme Court of South Africa and consisting of an Appellate Division and such provincial and local divisions as may be prescribed by law.
(2) The said Supreme Court shall, subject to the provisions of section fifty-nine, have jurisdiction as provided in the Supreme Court Act, 1959.
(3) Save as otherwise provided in the Supreme Court Act, 1959, Bloemfontein shall be the seat of the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of South Africa.
95. All administrative powers, functions and duties affecting the administration of justice shall be under the control of the Minister of Justice.
Part VIII.
Finance.
96. Nothing in the Act contained shall affect any assets or rights belonging to the State or any debts or liabilities of the State as existing immediately prior to the commencement of this Act, and all such assets, rights, debts and liabilities shall remain assets, rights, debts and liabilities of the Republic, subject, notwithstanding any other provisions contained in this Act, to the conditions imposed by any law under which such debts or liabilities were raised or incurred, and without prejudice to any rights of security or priority in respect of the payment of principal, interest, sinking fund and other charges conferred on the creditors concerned, and may, subject to such conditions and rights, convert, renew or consolidate such debts.
97. All revenues of the Republic, from whatever source arising, shall vest in the State President.
98. (1) There shall be a State Revenue Fund into which shall be paid all revenues as defined in section 1 of the Exchequer and Audit Act, 1975.
(2) No moneys shall be withdrawn from the State Revenue Fund, except in accordance with an Act of Parliament.
101. The annual interest of the public debts of the Colonies incorporated in the Union of South Africa in terms of the South Africa Act, 1909, and any sinking funds constituted by law at the establishment of the Republic, shall form a first charge on the Consolidated Revenue Fund.
Part VIIIA.
President’s Council.
102. (1) There shall be a President’s Council consisting, in addition to the Vice State President, of members appointed by the State President.
(2) A member of the President’s Council, excluding the Vice State President, shall hold office for a period of five years.
(3) A casual vacancy in the President’s Council, excluding a vacancy in the office of Vice State President, shall be filled by the appointment of a member for the unexpired portion of the period of office of the member in whose stead he is appointed.
(4) (a) The members of the President’s Council, excluding the Vice State President, shall receive such remuneration and allowances as the State President may determine, as well as such other benefits as he may determine by proclamation in the Gazette.
(b) Such remuneration, allowances or benefits may differ according to the offices held by such members in the council.
(c) Such remuneration and allowances shall be reviewed whenever any general revision or adjustment of salaries and allowances of public servants is made under the laws relating to the Public Service, regard being had to the considerations, principles and criteria applied at such revision or adjustment.
(5) The State President shall designate a member of the President’s Council as deputy chairman of the council, who shall serve as chairman thereof whenever the office of Vice State President is vacant or he is for any reason unable to serve as such.
(6) If neither the chairman nor the deputy chairman is able to act as chairman, the members of the President’s Council shall elect one from their number to act as acting chairman.
(7) A deficiency in the number of members of the President’s Council or a committee thereof shall not affect the powers of the said Council or the said committee.
103. A person is not qualified to be a member of the President’s Council if he―
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
104. (1) The President’s Council may make rules and orders in connection with the order and conduct of the business and proceedings of the council and a committee thereof, including provisions in regard to a quorum.
(2) The State President shall divide the members of the President’s Council into a Constitutional Committee, a Committee for Economic Affairs, a Planning Committee, a Committee for Community Relations and so many other standing committees as he may from time to time deem fit.
(3) Any such committee shall consist of such number of members as the State President may from time to time determine, and the State President shall designate one of the members of such a committee as the chairman thereof.
(4) A member of the President’s Council may be a member of more than one committee.
(5) If a chairman of a committee is for any reason unable to act as chairman, the other members of that committee shall from their number elect one to act as acting chairman.
105. (1) The State President may by proclamation in the Gazette dissolve the President’s Council within a period of 90 days after a general election of members of the House of Assembly has taken place.
(2) On the dissolution of the President’s Council the membership of all the members thereof, excluding the Vice State President, shall terminate.
106. (1) The President’s Council―
(a)
(b)
(2) Whenever a matter is referred to the President’s Council for its advice or when it is of the opinion that a matter is of public interest, it may refer such matter to a committee contemplated in section 104 (2) for its advice, and if the President’s Council is not in session, reference of such matter to such a committee for its advice may be effected in accordance with rules and orders made by the President’s Council.
(3) The President’s Council shall transmit to the State President any advice received by it in terms of subsection (2) (other than advice in connection with draft legislation referred to in subsection (1) (b)), whether with or without its comments thereon.
(4) The President’s Council or a committee thereof―
(a)
(b)
(5) Advice received by the State President in terms of this section shall be laid upon the Table in the House of Assembly within 14 days after receipt thereof if the House of Assembly is in session or within 14 days after the commencement of its next ensuing session if the House of Assembly is not in session.
(6) The chairman of the President’s Council may, for the purposes of a report to such council on any matter, appoint a committee from among the members of the council and may designate any member of such committee as chairman thereof.
Part IX.
General.
107. Subject to the provisions of this Act, all laws which were in force in any part of the Union of South Africa, or in any territory in respect of which Parliament is competent to legislate, immediately prior to the commencement of this Act, shall continue in force until repealed or amended by the competent authority.
108. (1) English and Afrikaans shall be the official languages of the Republic, and shall be treated on a footing of equality, and possess and enjoy equal freedom, rights and privileges.
(2) All records, journals and proceedings of Parliament shall be kept in both the official languages, and all Bills, Acts and notices of general public importance or interest issued by the Government of the Republic shall be in both the official languages.
(3) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (1) an Act of Parliament or a proclamation of the State President, issued under an Act of Parliament, whereby a Black area is declared to be a self-governing territory in the Republic, or a later Act of Parliament or a later proclamation of the State President (which in the absence of any other empowering provision may be issued under this subsection) may provide for the recognition of one or more Black languages for any or all of the following purposes, namely―
(a)
(b)
and may contain provisions authorizing the use of any such Black language outside the said territory for such purposes connected with the affairs of that territory and subject to such conditions as may be prescribed by or under that Act or later Act or by any such proclamation.
109. All records, journals and proceedings of a provincial council shall be kept in both the official languages, and all draft ordinances, ordinances and notices of public importance or interest issued by a provincial administration, and all notices issued and all regulations or by-laws made and all town-planning schemes prepared by any institution or body contemplated in section 84 (1) (f), shall be in both the official languages.
110. Whenever anything is published in a newspaper at the instance of the State or by or under the directions of any body referred to in paragraph (f) of sub-section (1) of section eighty-four or of the administration of a province, the publication shall take place simultaneously in both official languages and in the case of each language in a newspaper circulating in the area of jurisdiction of the authority concerned which appears mainly in that language, and the publication in each language shall as far as practicable occupy the same amount of space: Provided that where in the area in question any newspaper appears substantially in both of the official languages, publication in both languages may take place in that newspaper.
111. The control and administration of Black affairs and of matters specially or differentially affecting Asiatics throughout the Republic shall vest in the State President, who shall exercise all those special powers in regard to Black administration which immediately prior to the commencement of this Act were vested in the Governor-General-in-Council of the Union of South Africa, and any lands which immediately prior to such commencement vested in the said Governor-General-in-Council for the purpose of reserves for Black locations shall vest in the State President, who shall exercise all such special powers in relation to such reserves as may have been exercisable by the said Governor-General-in-Council, and no lands which were set aside for the occupation of Blacks and which could not at the establishment of the Union of South Africa have been alienated except by an Act of the Legislature of a colony which was incorporated in the Union of South Africa in terms of the South Africa Act, 1909, shall be alienated or in any way diverted from the purposes for which they were set aside except under the authority of an Act of Parliament.
112. All rights and obligations under conventions, treaties or agreements which were binding on any of the Colonies incorporated in the Union of South Africa at its establishment, and were still binding on the Union immediately prior to the commencement of this Act, shall be rights and obligations of the Republic, just as all other rights and obligations under conventions, treaties or agreements which immediately prior to the commencement of this Act were binding on the Union.
113. All powers, authorities and functions which immediately prior to the commencement of this Act were in any of the provinces vested in the Governor-General or in the Governor-General-in-Council or in any authority of the province, shall as far as the same continue in existence and are capable of being exercised after the commencement of this Act, be vested in the State President, or in the authority exercising similar powers under the Republic, as the case may be, except such powers, authorities and functions as are by this Act or any other law vested in some other authority.
114. Parliament shall not―
(a)
(b)
115. Any person who is in terms of any provision of the Act required to make and subscribe an oath of office may in lieu of such oath make and subscribe a solemn affirmation in corresponding form.
116. (1) (a) All criminal proceedings which immediately prior to the commencement of this Act were required to be instituted in the name of the Queen shall be instituted in the name of the Republic.
(b) Any such proceedings which have not been concluded before the commencement of this Act, or which, having been so concluded, are thereafter reopened, shall be continued in all respects as if this Act had not been passed, except that the proceedings shall thereafter be conducted as if they were instituted in the name of the Republic.
(2) Any civil proceedings instituted prior to the commencement of this Act by or against a Minister as representing the Government of the Union of South Africa or by or against an administrator of a province appointed under the South Africa Act, 1909, which have not been disposed of before such commencement, or, having been so disposed of, are thereafter reopened, may be proceeded with without interruption by or against that Minister as representing the Government of the Republic or by or against the said administrator in his capacity as the person appointed as the administrator of the province concerned under this Act.
(3) Any provision of any law in terms of which any person is required to take an oath or solemn affirmation of allegiance to the King or the Queen, shall be construed as a provision requiring such person to take an oath or solemn affirmation that he will be faithful to the Republic.
(4) Any person who holds an office in the service of the State in respect of which he has prior to the commencement of this Act taken an oath or solemn affirmation of allegiance to the King or the Queen, shall, if required to do so on the direction of the State President, take an oath or solemn affirmation that he will be faithful to the Republic.
117. (1) References in any law―
(a)
(aA)
(b)
118. (1) Parliament may by law repeal or amend any provision of this Act: Provided that no repeal or amendment of the provisions of this section or of section 108 or of any corresponding provisions of any law substituted therefor, shall be valid unless the bill embodying such repeal or amendment has been agreed to by not less than two-thirds of the total number of members of the House of Assembly.
(2) A provision of a law which is in conflict with a provision of subsection (1), is hereby repealed.
119. In this Act, unless the context otherwise indicates―
“Afrikaans” includes Dutch;
“province” means any of the provinces incorporated in the Union of South Africa by the South Africa Act, 1909;
“Republic” means the Republic of South Africa.
120. (1) The laws specified in the Schedule are hereby repealed to the extent set out in the third column of the Schedule.
(2) Any authority constituted or person appointed or power conferred or anything done in pursuance of powers conferred by or by virtue of any provision of any law repealed by sub-section (1) shall be deemed to have been constituted, appointed, conferred or done in pursuance of powers conferred by or by virtue of the corresponding provision of this Act.
121. This Act shall be called the Republic of South Africa Constitution Act, 1961, and shall, save in so far as may be otherwise required for the purpose of giving effect to any provision thereof, come into operation on the thirty-first day of May, 1961.
Schedule.
Laws Repealed.
| No. and Year of Law. | Title. | Extent of Repeal. |
| 9 Edward VII, Ch. 9. | The South Africa Act, 1909. | The whole, except sections fifty-six, one hundred and fifteen, one hundred and fifty and one hundred and fifty-one and the Schedule. |
| Act No. 9 of 1920. | Constitution of the Senate Act, 1920. | The whole. |
| Act No. 8 of 1925. | Official Languages of the Union Act, 1925. | The whole. |
| Act No. 9 of 1925. | South Africa Act, 1909, Amendment Act, 1925. | The whole. |
| Act No. 34 of 1925. | South Africa Act, 1909, Further Amendment Act, 1925. | The whole. |
| Act No. 1 of 1926. | Local Government (Provincial Powers) Act, 1926. | Section one. |
| Act No. 51 of 1926. | Payment of Members of Parliament Act, 1926. | The whole. |
| Act No. 54 of 1926. | Senate Act, 1926. | The whole. |
| Act No. 40 of 1927. | Flags Act, 1927. | The whole. |
| Act No. 21 of 1932. | Salaries Reduction Act, 1932. | Sections four and five. |
| Act No. 17 of 1933. | South Africa Act Amendment Act, 1933. | The whole. |
| Act No. 29 of 1933. | Financial Adjustments Act, 1933. | Section two. |
| Act No. 45 of 1934. | South Africa Act Amendment Act, 1934. | The whole. |
| Act No. 69 of 1934. | Status of the Union Act, 1934. | The whole. |
| Act No. 70 of 1934. | Royal Executive Functions and Seals Act, 1934. | The whole. |
| Act No. 5 of 1935. | Census Amendment Act, 1935. | The whole. |
| Act No. 43 of 1935. | South Africa Act Amendment Act, 1935. | The whole. |
| Act No. 15 of 1936. | Deputy-Administrators Act, 1936. | The whole. |
| Act No. 2 of 1937. | His Majesty King Edward the Eighth’s Abdication Act, 1937. | The whole. |
| Act No. 7 of 1937. | Coronation Oath Act, 1937. | The whole. |
| Act No. 13 of 1938. | South Africa Act Amendment Act, 1938. | The whole. |
| Act No. 42 of 1939. | Senate Act, 1939. | The whole. |
| Act No. 19 of 1940. | Constitution (Prevention of Disabilities) Act, 1940. | Sections one, two and three. |
| Act No. 20 of 1940. | Electoral Laws Amendment Act, 1940. | The whole. |
| Act No. 30 of 1942. | Electoral Quota Consolidation Act, 1942. | The whole. |
| [Reference to Act No. 38 of 1945 deleted by s. 32 of Act No. 65 of 1976.] |||
| Act No. 21 of 1946. | South Africa Act Amendment Act, 1946. | The whole. |
| Act No. 41 of 1947. | Provincial Powers Extension Act, 1947. | Sections one, two and three. |
| Act No. 16 of 1948. | Powers and Privileges of Provincial Councils Act, 1948. | Section fourteen. |
| Act No. 17 of 1948. | Royal Style and Titles Act, 1948. | The whole. |
| Act No. 2 of 1949. | Deputy-Administrators Act, 1949. | The whole. |
| Act No. 39 of 1950. | South Africa Act Amendment Act, 1950. | The whole. |
| Act No. 66 of 1951. | South Africa Act Amendment Act, 1951. | The whole. |
| Act No. 35 of 1952. | High Court of Parliament Act, 1952. | The whole. |
| Act No. 55 of 1952. | Electoral Laws Amendment Act, 1952. | Section one. |
| Act No. 6 of 1953. | Royal Style and Titles Act, 1953. | The whole. |
| Act No. 10 of 1953. | Members of Parliament Act, 1953. | The whole. |
| Act No. 47 of 1953. | Black Education Act, 1953. | Section sixteen. |
| [Title of Act No. 47 of 1953 amended by s. 17 of Act No. 102 of 1978.] |||
| Act No. 9 of 1954. | Provincial Councils Continuance Act, 1954. | The whole. |
| Act No. 20 of 1954. | South Africa Act Amendment Act, 1954. | The whole. |
| Act No. 50 of 1954. | Royal Seals Amendment Act, 1954. | The whole. |
| Act No. 9 of 1955. | South Africa Act Amendment Act, 1955. | The whole. |
| Act No. 53 of 1955. | Senate Act, 1955. | Sections one to nine, inclusive. |
| Act No. 9 of 1956. | South Africa Act Amendment Act, 1956. | Sections two, three and four. |
| Act No. 10 of 1956. | Official Languages (Local Authorities) Amendment Act, 1956. | The whole. |
| Act No. 39 of 1956. | Railways and Harbours Acts Further Amendment Act, 1956. | The whole. |
| Act No. 1 of 1957. | South Africa Act Further Amendment Act, 1957. | The whole. |
| Act No. 2 of 1957. | South Africa Act Amendment Act, 1957. | The whole. |
| Act No. 18 of 1957. | Flags Amendment Act, 1957. | The whole. |
| Act No. 24 of 1957. | Official Languages (Local Authorities) Amendment Act, 1957. | The whole. |
| Act No. 1 of 1958. | South Africa Act Amendment Act, 1958. | The whole. |
| Act No. 49 of 1958. | South Africa Act Further Amendment Act, 1958. | The whole. |
| Act No. 3 of 1959. | South Africa Act Amendment Act, 1959. | The whole. |
| Act No. 48 of 1959. | South Africa Act Further Amendment Act, 1959. | The whole. |
| Act No. 49 of 1959. | Offices of Profit Amendment Act, 1959. | The whole. |
| Act No. 52 of 1960. | Referendum Act, 1960. | The whole. |
| Act No. 53 of 1960. | Senate Act, 1960. | The whole, except section two. |