OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Markham, John (d.1409)

​MARKHAM, JOHN (d. 1409), judge, came of a family long settled in a village of that name in Nottinghamshire, and for two generations closely connected with the law (Foss, Judges of England, iv. 172). His father was Robert Markham, a serjeant-at-law under Edward III, and his mother a daughter of Sir John Caunton. Markham is said, on no very good authority, to have received his legal education at Gray's Inn, and became a king's serjeant in 1390 (ib.) He was made a judge of the common pleas on 7 July 1396, and sat on the bench until February 1408. Markham was chosen as one of the triers of petitions in the two parliaments of 1397, and in those of Henry IV, from 1401 to 1407 (Rot. Parl. iii. 338, 348, 455, 486, 522, 545, 567, 609). He was a member of the commission whose advice Henry of Lancaster took, in September 1399, as to the manner in which the change of dynasty should be carried out, and which at nine in the morning of 29 Sept. received Richard's renunciation of the crown in the Tower (ib. iii. 416; Adam of Usk, p. 31). His name does not appear on the rolls of parliament among those of the seven commissioners who next day ​pronounced sentence upon Richard in the name of parliament (Rot. Parl. iii. 422), but Chief-justice Thirning, in announcing the sentence to Richard on behalf of his fellow- commissioners on Wednesday, 10 Oct., enumerated Markham among them (ib. p, 424 ; Knighton, in Decem Scriptores, ii. 2760; Chronique de la Traison et Mort de Richart Deux, ed. Williams, p. 219). Markham is doubtfully stated to have been the judge who is credited with having sent Prince Henry to prison (Francis Markham, Manuscript History of the Family, 1606; see art. Gascoigne, Sir William). Retiring from the bench, it would seem, in 1408, he died on 31 Dec. 1409, and was burled in Markham Church, where his monument still remains (Foss, v. 173; Fœdera, viii. 584. By his first wife, Eliiabeth, daughter of Sir John, and sister and coheir of Sir Hugh Cressy, he had a son Robert, ancestor of William Markham, archbishop of York 1777-1807 [q. v.], and apparently also the son John (d. 1479) who is separately noticed, although some modern authorities make Markham's second wife, Millicent, widow of Sir Nicholas Burdon, and daughter and coheir of Sir John Bekeringe, his mother. After her husband's death she married Sir William Mering, and died in 1419.
[Information kindly supplied by C. R. Markham, esq., C.B.; Rymer's Fœdera, original ed., Capgrave's Chron. p. 272, and Du Illustribus Henricis, p. 113; Adam of Usk. ed. Maunde Thompson; Thoroton's Nottinghamshire, ed. Thoresby; other authorities in the text.]
J. T-t.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Mayo, Charles (1837-1877)

​MAYO, CHARLES (1837–1877), army surgeon, born at Winchester 13 Jan. 1837, was elder son of Charles Mayo, F.R.C.S. (1788– ​ 1876), senior surgeon of Winchester County Hospital, descended from the Rev. John Mayo, vicar of Avebury, Wiltshire, 1712–46. He was elected on the foundation of Winchester College in 1847, and of New College, Oxford, where he became fellow in 1856. He graduated B.A. 1859, M.A. 1863, D.M. 1871, M.R.C.S. 1861, M.R.C.P. 1869. In October 1862 he proceeded to America, where he was staff surgeon-major and medical inspector of the 13th U.S. army corps with Grant's army at the siege of Vicksburg (see his ‘Medical Service of the Federal Army’ in Vacation Tourists, 1862–3).
The next few years he spent partly at Oxford, where he was coroner of the university, 1865–9, and dean of New College, and partly in London as physician to the General Dispensary in Bartholomew Close.
On the breaking out of the Franco-Prussian war in 1870 he entered the medical service of the German army as staff surgeon-major, and was appointed director of the Alice Hospital at Darmstadt, which was built under his superintendence. This hospital was in existence for nine months, and about 700 German and 250 French sick and wounded soldiers were treated in it; the number of deaths was only 51. At the close of the war he received five decorations, and the German ministry of war expressed ‘its most thankful acknowledgment for the prudence and untiring energy with which you have built, fitted out, and conducted up to the present time the Alice Hospital.’ He was also made a knight of the Hessian order of Philip the Generous. The campaign in Atchin next gave him the opportunity of entering the Dutch medical service, and he was present with the expedition from Holland in the swamps of Sumatra 1873–4, and wrote the account of the war which appeared in the ‘Times’ of 19 Oct. 1874, and was subsequently reprinted.
Being still unwilling to settle in England he sailed for Fiji as one of the government medical officers in 1875. Here, after suffering much discomfort, he was attacked with acute dysentery, and dying on the voyage to Sydney, was buried at sea, 15 July 1877. He was unmarried.
Mayo was not only a skilful medical man, but a good architect and musician. He wrote a ‘History of Wimborne Minster,’ 1860; and in 1875 a pamphlet on the ‘Organ in New College Chapel.’ He also edited the thirteenth edition of the ‘Seaman's Medical Guide.’
[Kirby's Winchester Scholars, pp. 220, 322; Foster's Alumni Oxonienses, 1715–1886; Hist. of Mayo Family, 1882.]
C. H. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Mayo, Charles (1767-1858)

​MAYO, CHARLES (1767–1858), professor of Anglo-Saxon, born in London 24 March 1767, was second son of Herbert Mayo, D.D. (1720–1802), by his wife Mary, daughter of George Coldham, surgeon extraordinary to the Prince of Wales. The father (son of Charles Mayo of Hereford) was elected fellow at Brasenose College, Oxford, in 1740 (M.A. 1745, and D.D. 1763), and after serving curacies in the east of London was presented in 1764 to the living of Middleton Cheney, Northamptonshire, which he relinquished the same year to return to the east end of London as rector of St. George's. There he continued till his death. He was J.P. for Middlesex, and treasurer of Raine's Hospital, and was an exemplary parish priest in poor districts at a time not generally noted for spiritual activity.
Charles was admitted to Merchant Taylors' School, 1776, and thence elected to St. John's College, Oxford, 1785, of which society he became fellow in 1788. He graduated M.A. 1793, and B.D. 1796. In 1795 he was elected by the university professor of Anglo-Saxon on the foundation of Dr. Rawlinson, being the first to hold that office, and he occupied it for the allotted space of five years. Dr. Samuel Parr states that his lectures were much applauded. Mayo took holy orders and was Whitehall preacher 1799–1800, and morning lecturer at the old chapel of St. Michael, Highgate, for thirty years. He was elected F.S.A. 1820, F.R.S. 1827, and a governor of Cholmeley School in Highgate 1842. He resided during the greater part of his life at Cheshunt, Hertfordshire, where he inherited in 1824 the manor of Andrewes and Le Motte from his grandmother Rebecca, daughter of Sir John Shaw, bart. He married Louisa, daughter of James Landon, but died without issue 10 Dec. 1858, aged 91 years. He was buried at Cheshunt.
Charles's elder brother, Paggen William Mayo (1766–1836), was elected to a medical fellowship at St. John's College, Oxford, 6 July 1792, and graduated D.M. in 1795. Elected physician to the Middlesex Hospital 23 Aug. 1793, he was admitted F.R.C.P. 30 Sept. 1796, and was censor 1797, Gulstonian lecturer 1798, and Harveian orator 1807. Resigning his hospital appointment in 1801, he removed from Conduit Street, London, to Doncaster, and eventually to Bridlington, where he died 6 July 1836. He married Charlotte, daughter of the Rev. Stephen Buckle, LL.D., and left issue.
C. H. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Mayo, Elizabeth

​MAYO, ELIZABETH (1793–1865), educational reformer, sister of Charles Mayo (1792–1846) [q. v.], was born in London 18 June 1793, and on the return of her brother from Switzerland in 1822, joined him at Epsom and subsequently at Cheam, where she remained till 1834, helping him in the instruction of his boys and in applying the principles of Pestalozzi to English education. During this time she wrote the work by which her name is best known, ‘Lessons on Objects,’ 1831, which was followed by ‘Lessons on Shells,’ 1832. From 1843 her attention was concentrated upon the work of the Home and Colonial School Society, and for many years she supervised the courses of lessons, wrote model sketches, criticised every week some of the journals kept by the students, and generally superintended the work of the institution. ‘Her criticisms were always very direct, often sharp, always clear, going to the very root of the matter, always genial, because never ill-natured or sarcastic.’
Miss Mayo resided for many years at Hampstead, and dying at Malvern 1 Sept. 1865, was buried at Kensal Green cemetery. A tablet in the society's buildings, Gray's Inn Road, London, commemorates her services in having adapted to the English mind and character the principles of Pestalozzi, leavened with evangelical truth.
Besides ‘Lessons on Objects’ and ‘On Shells’ she wrote ‘Lessons on Scripture Prints,’ 1840, ‘On Miracles,’ 1845, ‘On Religious Instruction,’ 1849, and ‘Model Lessons for Infant Schools,’ 1848–50. She also joined her brother in writing ‘Practical Remarks on Infant Education,’ 1837.
[Hist. of Mayo Family, 1882.]
C. H. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Mayo, Daniel

​MAYO, DANIEL (1672?–1733), presbyterian minister, son of Richard Mayo [q. v.], was born about 1672. He was educated by his father, had the degree of M.A., probably from Glasgow, and finished his studies at Leyden under Hermann Witsius. He settled in London as assistant to Vincent Alsop [q. v.], but removed in 1698 to Kingston-on-Thames, Surrey, where he was pastor of the presbyterian congregation in succession to John Goffe. At Kingston he kept a school, at which Philip Doddridge, D.D. [q. v.] was a pupil (1712–15). On the death in 1714 of Matthew Henry [q. v.], the votes were equal for Mayo and John Barker (1682–1762) [q. v.] as his successor at Mare Street, Hackney. The congregation divided; an influential secession built a new meeting-house for Mayo at the Gravel Pit, Hackney. He now preached both at Kingston and Hackney, having George Smyth (ordained 19 Dec. 1716) as his colleague in both charges. At the Salters' Hall rupture [see Bradbury, Thomas] he went with the subscribers, and in 1723 he resigned Hackney to succeed Jeremiah Smith (d. 20 Aug.), one of the four leaders of the subscribing presbyterians, and one of the two pastors at Meeting House Yard, Silver Street, Wood Street. He appears still to have resided at Kingston and kept on his school. In 1724 he was elected a trustee of Dr. Williams's foundations. He preached the funeral sermon (1732) for Edmund Calamy, D.D. [q. v.] He was a good practical preacher, and a strong whig in politics. He died at Kingston on 13 June 1733, aged 61. Funeral sermons were preached by his colleague, Thomas Bures, and by William Harris, D.D. [q. v.] He was succeeded at Kingston from 1723 by Daniel Mayo the younger, probably his son.
He published, besides separate sermons, 1700–32, several being funeral sermons: 1. ‘Thomas against Bennet,’ &c., 1702, 8vo (anon.; see Bennet, Thomas, D.D. Mayo furnished a preface and postscript, against Bennet, to a reprint, 1703, 8vo, of ‘A Treatise of Divine Worship’ by William Bradshaw (1571–1618) [q. v.]). 2. ‘The Modesty … of a High Churchman,’ &c., 1707, 8vo (against John Jacques). To the continuation of Matthew Henry's ‘Exposition,’ 1710, fol., he contributed the notes on 2 Corinthians and 1 and 2 Thessalonians.
[Wilson's Dissenting Churches of London, 1800, iii. 60 sq.; Waddington's Surrey Congregational Hist. 1866, p. 233; James's Hist. Litig. Presb. Chapels, 1867, pp. 669, 680, 697, 708, 709 sq.; Jeremy's Presbyterian Fund, 1885, pp. 124 sq.; Protestant Dissenter's Magazine, 1797, p. 472, 1799, p. 429.]
A. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Mayne, William

​MAYNE, WILLIAM (1818–1855), colonel, and brigadier of the Hyderabad contingent, born on 28 Oct. 1818, was second surviving son of the Rev. Robert Mayne of Limpsfield, Surrey, by his wife, Charlotte Cuninghame Graham, daughter of Colonel Graham of St. Lawrence House, near Canterbury. William Mayne, baron Newhaven, was his father's brother (see Burke, Extinct Peerages, under ‘Mayne’). He joined the East India Company's Military Seminary, Addiscombe, 5 Feb. 1836, and passed his examination 12 June. Appointed ensign, 15 Dec. 1837, he did duty with the 4th Bengal native infantry, and was afterwards posted to the 49th Bengal native infantry at Neemuch. On 29 Nov. 1838 he was specially appointed to serve with the 37th Bengal infantry in the army of the Indus. Two companies of the 27th Bengal infantry and ten of the 37th Bengal infantry were attached to Sir Robert Sale's force. Mayne was appointed detachment-adjutant to these companies, and much distinguished himself at the unsuccessful attack on the fort of Julgar, 3 Oct. 1840. He became lieutenant 2 Nov. 1841. As lieutenant in command of a rissalah (squadron) of the 2nd Shah Soojah's irregular cavalry, or Anderson's horse, he repeatedly signalised himself during the defence, by Sir Robert Sale [q. v.], of Jellalabad, and subsequently with the quartermaster-general's department under General Pollock, and at the capture of Istiliff, 29 Sept. 1842. He was selected by Lord Ellenborough for the adjutancy of the body-guard, as ‘among the officers most distinguished in the late war’ (G. O. 20 Dec. 1842). While second in command of the body-guard, he had a horse killed under him at Maharajpore, 31 Dec. 1843. He was not engaged in the Sikh wars, being in command of the late 5th irregular horse at Bhowapur during the first, and commandant of Lord Dalhousie's bodyguard at the time of the second war. In 1851, while still a captain in the 37th Bengal infantry, he was specially selected by Lord Dalhousie for the command of the Nizam's forces (Hyderabad contingent), and at the head of six thousand of these troops was much employed in suppressing disturbances in the Deccan. The rapidity of Mayne's marches, and the invariable success of his operations, attracted general notice. He was repeatedly thanked by the governor-general in council, particularly for the defeat of a large body of Arabs near Aurungabad, 20 Sept. 1853, and for his conduct on 22 Sept. 1854. On the latter occasion, while investing the fort of Saila, near Hyderabad, he defeated and annihilated a party of Rohillas, who sallied out at dead of night, and attempted to cut their way through the besiegers.
Returning to England at the close of 1854, Mayne was made a brevet-colonel and A.D.C. to the queen. He had just returned to India when a violent attack of dysentery sent him home again. He died at Cairo, 23 Dec. 1855. He married Helen Cunliffe, daughter of Thomas Reed Davidson, Bengal civil service, and niece of Lieutenant-general Sir Robert Cunliffe, by whom he left one child.
[Information supplied by the India office; Gent. Mag. 1856, pt. i. p. 185.]
H. M. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Mayo, Charles (1750-1829)

​MAYO, CHARLES (1750–1829), historian, born 7 Dec. 1750 at Beechingstoke, Wiltshire, was son of the Rev. John Mayo, rector of Beechingstoke and vicar of Wilcot, and grandson of the Rev. John Mayo, vicar of Avebury, the brother of Charles Mayo of Hereford. He entered at Queen's College, Oxford, 1767, and graduated M.A. 1774, and B.C.L. 1779. He held the livings of Huish (1775) and Beechingstoke (1779), and was chaplain to the Somerset Hospital, Froxfield, Wiltshire.
He wrote ‘A Chronological History of European States (1678–1792),’ 1793, a ‘Compendious View of Universal History (1753–1802),’ 1804, and two volumes of sermons. He founded two scholarships for sons of Wiltshire clergy, to be held at any college at Oxford, and vested the patronage in the trustees of Froxfield Hospital. He died at Beechingstoke 27 Nov. 1829. He was unmarried.
[Hist. of Mayo Family, 1882.]
C. H. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jones, Edward (1777-1837)

​JONES, EDWARD (1777–1837), founder of Welsh Wesleyan methodism, was the eldest son of Edward and Jane Jones of Bathafarn, near Ruthin, Denbighshire, where he was born 9 May 1777. He was educated at Ruthin grammar school, and when about seventeen years of age entered a cotton warehouse at Manchester. In 1796 he joined the Wesleyan congregation in Oldham Street, where the Rev. George Marsden was minister. Returning to Wales in December 1799, and resolving to introduce the Wesleyan organisation into his native country, he invited ministers from the Chester circuit to preach at Ruthin in a long room which he engaged for the purpose. The ministrations were at first conducted in English, but it was afterwards arranged to conduct them in Welsh, and Jones and one John Bryan, a native of Llanfyllin, who had removed to Chester, undertook the services on alternate Sundays. The movement spread rapidly; the Wesleyan conference for 1800 constituted Ruthin into a circuit, and decided on the establishment of a Welsh mission. After two years' probation as a local preacher Jones was ordained in 1802, and for the following fourteen years he was chiefly instrumental in promoting a religious revival in Wales and the establishment of Wesleyan churches. In 1816 he was removed to England, where he remained, stationed at different centres, till his death at Leek in Staffordshire, 26 Aug. 1837.
[Methodist Mag. for September 1838; Enwogion y Ffydd, iv. 274–83; Cofiant John Jones, Talsarn, by Dr. Owen Thomas, pp. 276–81.]
D. Ll. T.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jones, Edward (1641-1703)

​JONES, EDWARD (1641–1703), bishop of St. Asaph, born in July 1641 at Llwyn Ririd, near Montgomery, was the son of Richard Jones, by Sarah, daughter of John Pyttes of Marrington. He was educated at Westminster School, whence he was elected in 1661 to Trinity College, Cambridge. He graduated B.A. in 1664, and M.A. in 1668, and was made fellow of his college in 1667. Going to Ireland as domestic chaplain to the Duke of Ormonde, the lord-lieutenant, he was appointed master of Kilkenny free school, where Swift was his pupil. In May 1677 he was collated to a prebend in the church of Ossory, and was promoted to the deanery of Lismore in November 1678. Early in 1683 he was raised to the bishopric of Cloyne, but during Tyrconnel's administration, in James II's reign, hastily returned to England (1688). In November 1692 he was translated to St. Asaph as successor to Bishop William Lloyd (Le Neve, Fasti, ed. Hardy, i. 77). Jones's episcopate was distinguished by corruption, negligence, and oppression, and contrasts ill with the good administration of his predecessor. An address, signed by thirty-eight of the principal beneficed clergymen, was sent to Archbishop Tenison in March 1697, and in the following July the primate appointed the Bishops of Lichfield and Bangor and Dr. Oxenden, dean of arches, commissioners to receive the presentments of the clergy against Jones on 20 July 1698. The archbishop summoned Jones to answer the charges, but Jones's firm adherence to the court party led to delays in bringing him to trial (Burnet, History of his own Time, iv. 407, 450), and the formal hearing before the archbishop did not commence until 5 June 1700. Jones signed a written confession of his guilt in promoting to a canonry a notorious person ‘accused of crimes and excesses,’ in permitting laymen to act as curates, and in entering into simoniacal contracts for the disposal of preferments. The archbishop, in June 1701, pronounced sentence that the bishop be suspended for six months and thenceforth until he gave satisfaction. The deprivation was continued till 5 May 1702. He died on 10 May 1703 at his house in College Court, Westminster, and was buried at the parish church of St. Margaret's, without inscription or monument.
He married Elizabeth, eldest daughter of Sir Richard Kennedy, bart., of Wicklow, by whom he had six children.
Jones published a few forms of prayer from the church catechism in Welsh (London, 1695), which was mentioned in his defence at the trial; and issued, probably after his restoration, visitation articles for the diocese, printed in London in 1702.
Matthew Jones (1654–1717), prebendary of Donoughmore, was a younger brother of the bishop. He accompanied his brother to Ireland, and became vicar-choral of Lismore Cathedral in 1681, precentor of Cloyne Cathedral November 1683, and prebendary of Donoughmore in 1687. He died on 7 Dec. 1717.
D. Ll. T.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jones, David (fl.1750-1780)

​JONES, DAVID (fl. 1750–1780), Welsh poet and antiquary, otherwise known as Dafydd Sion Dafydd and Dewi Fardd, was presented by the poet Lewis Morris [q. v.] with a small supply of type, and set up as a printer at Trevriw, Carnarvonshire. He wrote much himself, but owing to his limited supply of type was at first compelled to print his books at other presses. In 1745 ‘Histori Nicodemus,’ a somewhat poor translation by Jones of ‘Nichodemus Gospell’ (Ames, Typogr. Antiq. 1812, ed. ii. 144), was printed at Wrexham, while some of his other publications were issued at Shrewsbury and Chester. He collected and edited a volume of previously unpublished Welsh poetry under the title of ‘Blodeugerdd Cymru,’ Shrewsbury, 1759; 2nd ed. Shrewsbury, 1779, 12mo; 3rd ed. Holywell, 1823, 8vo. In this he has included some of his own poems, which do not possess any merit. He was more successful as a collector of ancient manuscripts. Some of these, consisting of prose and verse, he published in ‘Y Cydymaith Dyddan,’ Chester, 1766, 8vo. A portion of his manuscript collection is in the British Museum (Add. MSS. 9864–7, 14989, and 15046; cf. 14973–4 and 15012). Another portion of his collection was purchased by the Rev. H. D. Griffith of Carnarvon, and was largely used by the editors of ‘Myvyrian Archæology.’
[Williams's Eminent Welshmen; Rowlands's Llyfryddiaeth y Cymry, pp. 399, 451; Y Brython (Tremadoc, 1861), v. 41; Poetical Works of Goronwy Owen, ed. by Jones, ii. 195; British Museum Catalogue.]
D. Ll. T.