OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Waleden, Humphrey de

Sir Humphrey Walden in the ODNB.
​WALEDEN, HUMPHREY de (d. 1330?), judge, was a ‘king's clerk’ on 8 Feb. 1290, when he was appointed to the custody of the lands of Simon de Montacute, first baron Montacute [q. v.], in the counties of Somerset, Devon, Dorset, Oxford, and Buckingham, and on 16 Jan. 1291 to the custody of the lands of the late Queen Eleanor (Pat. Rolls, pp. 341, 468). He was among the clergy who submitted to Edward early in the course of his struggle with Archbishop Robert Winchelsey [q. v.], receiving letters of protection on 18 Feb. 1297 (ib. p. 236). On 23 Sept. 1299 he received a commission of oyer and terminer (ib. p. 474), and on 1 April 1300 was appointed with three others to summon the forest officers to carry out the perambulations of the forests in Somerset, Dorset, and Devonshire (ib. p. 506); but on 14 Oct. others were appointed, as Humphrey and some of his colleagues were unable to attend to the business (ib. p. 607). Humphrey was appointed a baron of the exchequer on 19 Oct. 1306, but he only retained his office till the following July (Madox, Hist. of the Exchequer, ii. 46, 325). In December 1307 he is mentioned as going beyond seas with Queen Margaret (Pat. Rolls, p. 25). The temporalities of the archbishopric of Canterbury were committed to him during Winchelsey's absence in 1306 (8 June 1306 to 26 March 1307 only; see Close Rolls, Edw. II, 1307–13, p. 85). He acted as justice in 1309, 1310, 1311, and 1314 (Pat. Rolls, pp. 239, 255, 329, 472; Parl. Writs, pt. ii. p. 79, No. 5), in this last year to try certain collectors and assessors of aids, and was summoned to do military service against the Scots on 30 June 1314. In 13 Edward II (1319–20) he received a grant of the stewardship of various royal castles and manors in eleven counties, among which was the park of Windsor and the auditorship of the accounts. He is mentioned also as steward to the Earl of Hereford, and seems to have been appointed, at his desire, one of the justices to take an assize in which he was interested (Rot. Parl. i. 398 b). On 31 March 1320 he was summoned to give the king counsel on certain matters within his knowledge (Close Rolls, p. 226), and on 30 March 1322 received instructions to choose, with two others, suitable keepers of the castle of the ‘king's contrariants’ in certain of the southern and eastern counties (ib. p. 435). On 18 June 1324 he was appointed one of the barons of the exchequer (Parl. Writs, ii. 257, Nos. 138–9). He was summoned among the justices and others of the council to the parliament at Westminster by prorogation from 14 Dec. 1326 on 7 Jan. ​1327. He received a commission of oyer and terminer as late as 28 March 1330, but died before 26 June 1331 (Pat. Rolls, pp. 558, 146).
W. E. R.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Waley, Jacob

​WALEY, JACOB (1818–1873), legal writer, born in 1818, was elder son of Solomon Jacob Waley (d. 1864) of Stockwell, and afterwards of 22 Devonshire Place, London, by his wife, Rachel Hort. Simon Waley Waley [q. v.] was his younger brother. He was educated at Mr. Neumegen's school at Highgate, and University College, London, and he graduated B.A. at London University in 1839, taking the first place in both mathematics and classics. He was entered as a student at Lincoln's Inn on 3 Nov. 1837, and was called to the bar on 21 Nov. 1842. Only three Jews had been called to the bar previously, (Sir) Francis Henry Goldsmid [q. v.] being the first. Waley practised as an equity draughtsman, and in time became recognised as one of the most learned conveyancers in the profession. Although conveyancers rarely appear before court, Waley was several times summoned in cases of particular difficulty relating to real property. He acted as conveyancing counsel for the Bedford estates, and, in conjunction with Thomas Cooke Wright and C. D. Wright, edited ‘Davidson's Precedents and Forms in Conveyancing’ (London, 1855–65, 5 vols. 8vo). In 1870 he was appointed one of the conveyancing counsel of the court of chancery. In 1867 he was nominated a member of the royal commission to consider the law on the transfer of real property, and he had a large share in framing the report on which was based the lord chancellor's bill passed in 1874.
Notwithstanding his mastery of his own subject, Waley had numerous other interests. He was known as a political economist, acting as examiner for the university of London, and in 1853–4 he was appointed professor of that subject at University College. He held the post until 1865–6, when the press of other work compelled his resignation, and he received the title of emeritus professor. He was also, until his death, joint secretary of the Political Economy Club.
Waley was a prominent member of the Jewish community. In conjunction with Lionel Louis Cohen he organised the London synagogues into a corporate congregational alliance, known as the ‘United Synagogue.’ On the formation of the Anglo-Jewish Association he was chosen the first president, a post which lack of time compelled him later to resign. He was also president of the Jews' orphan asylum and a member of the council of the Jews' college, where he occasionally lectured. He promoted the Hebrew Literary Society, and assisted to organise the Jewish board of ​guardians. He took much interest in the treatment of Jews abroad, and in 1872 wrote a brief preface to Mr. Israel Davis's ‘Jews in Roumania,’ in which he remonstrated against the persecutions his countrymen were undergoing. He died in London on 19 June 1873, and was buried in West Ham cemetery. Waley married, on 28 July 1847, Matilda, third daughter of Joseph Salomons, by his wife Rebecca, sister of Sir Moses Haim Montefiore [q. v.] He left several children.
E. I. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Wales, James

​WALES, JAMES (1747–1795), portrait-painter and architectural draughtsman, born in 1747, was a native of Peterhead, Aberdeenshire. Early in life he went to Aberdeen, where he was educated at Marischal College, and soon drifted into art. Having painted a striking likeness of Francis Peacock, a local art amateur, he received a number of commissions for portraits, principally small in size, and painted upon tinplate, and occasionally sold a landscape; but, being dissatisfied with his prospects, he went to London. Practically self-taught, he had a faculty for profiting by what he saw, and painted landscape in the manner of Poussin; but his exhibited works at the Royal Academy and elsewhere between 1783 and 1791 were portraits. In 1791 he went to India, where, although he painted numerous portraits of native princes and others, and executed the sketches from which Thomas Daniell [q. v.] painted his picture of Poona Durbar, which is said to be ‘unrivalled perhaps for oriental grouping, character, and costume,’ his attention was mainly occupied in making drawings of the cave temples and other Indian architectural remains. He worked with Daniell at the Ellora excavations, and twenty-four drawings by him are engraved in Daniell's ‘Oriental Scenery.’ He was engaged upon a series of sketches of the sculptures of Elephanta, when he died, it is thought at Thânâ, in November 1795. His wife Margaret, daughter of William Wallace of Dundee, and his family accompanied him to India; and his eldest daughter, Susanna, married Sir Charles Warre Malet [q. v.], the resident at Poona, in 1799.
J. L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Waldron, George

​WALDRON, GEORGE (1690–1730?), topographer and poet, born in 1690, was son of Francis Waldron of London, who was descended from an ancient family in Essex. He appears to have received his early education at Felsted school, and on 7 May 1706 he was matriculated at Queen's College, Oxford. He resided in the Isle of Man, where he acted as commissioner from the British government to watch the trade of the island in the interests of the excise. He died in England prior to 1731, just after he had obtained a new deputation from the British government.
Soon after his death his 'Compleat Works in Verse and Prose' were 'printed for the widow and orphans,' London, 1731, fol. The dedication to William O'Brien, earl of Inchiquin, is signed by Theodosia Waldron. The first contains 'Miscellany Poems,' and the second part consists of 'Tracts, Political and Historical,' including Waldron's principal work, 'A Description of the Isle of Man.' This work, written in 1726, was reprinted at London, 1744, 12mo; another edition appeared in 1780; and it was edited, with an introductory notice and notes by William Harrison (1802–1884) [q. v.], for the publications of the Manx Society (vol. xi. Douglas, 1865, 8vo). Sir Walter Scott while writing 'Peveril of the Peak' made large use of this work, and transferred long extracts from it to his notes to that romance. Waldron's production he characterised as 'a huge mine, in which I have attempted to discover some specimens of spar, if I cannot find treasure.' Most of the writers on the Isle of Man have given Waldron's legends a prominent place in their works.
Among his other works are:
* 'A Perswasive Oration to the People of Great Britain to stand up in defence of their Religion and Liberty,' London, 1716, 8vo.
* 'A Speech made to the Loyal Society, at the Mug-House in Long-Acre; June the 7th, 1716. Being the Day for the Public Thanksgiving, for putting an end to that most unnatural Rebellion,' London, 1716, 4to.
* 'A Poem, humbly inscrib'd to … George, Prince of Wales,' London, 1717, fol.
* 'The Regency and Return, a Poem humbly inscribed to … Lord Newport, son and heir to … Richard, Earl of Bradford' [London, 1717?], fol.
* 'An Ode on the 28th of May, being the Anniversary of his Majesty's happy Nativity' [London], 1723, 8vo.
[Harrison's Bibl. Monensis (1876), pp. 24, 28, 48, 219; Notes and Queries, 3rd ser. vi. 348; Foster's Alumni Oxon. 1500–1714.]
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Waley, Simon Waley

​WALEY, SIMON WALEY (1827–1875), amateur musician, born at Stockwell, London, 23 Aug. 1827, was younger son of Solomon Jacob Waley (d. 1864) by his wife Rachel. He became a prominent member of the London Stock Exchange and a leading figure in the Jewish community during the critical period of the emancipation of the Jews from civil disabilities. He took much interest in the subject of international traffic. At the age of sixteen he wrote his first letter on the subject to the ‘Railway Times’ (28 Nov. 1843, p. 1290), and subsequently to 22 May 1847 (p. 716) in the same journal. He contributed many letters to the ‘Times’ under the signature ‘W. London.’ To the ‘Daily News’ of 14 Oct. 1858, et seq., he wrote a series of sprightly letters on ‘A Tour in Auvergne,’ afterwards largely incorporated into Murray's handbook to France.
Waley was a highly gifted musician as well as a shrewd man of business. He began to compose before he was eleven years old, many of his childish compositions showing great promise. His first published work, ‘L'Arpeggio,’ a pianoforte study, appeared in 1848. He was a pupil of Moscheles, (Sir) William Sterndale Bennett [q. v.], and George Alexander Osborne [q. v.] for the pianoforte, and of William Horsley [q. v.] and Molique for theory and composition. In addition to being a brilliant pianist, Waley became a prolific composer. His published compositions include a pianoforte concerto, two pianoforte trios in B flat and G minor (op. 15 and 20), many piano pieces and songs; some orchestral pieces, &c., still in manuscript. One of his finest works is a setting of Psalms cxvii. and cxviii. for the synagogue service.
Waley died at 22 Devonshire Place, London, on 30 Dec. 1875, and was buried at the Jewish cemetery, Ball's Pond. He married Anna, daughter of P. J. Salomons, by whom he had eight children.
F. G. E.
# Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period/Shêng-tsu

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​SHÊNG-tsu. Template name of Hsüan-yeh [q. v.].
# Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period/Ssŭ-tsung

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​SSŬ-tsung. Temple name of Chu Yu-chien [q. v.].
# Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period/Shêng-an Huang-ti

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​SHÊNG-an Huang-ti. Posthumous name of Chu Yu-sung [q. v.].
# Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period/So-ê-t'u

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​SO-ê-t'u. See under Songgotu.
# Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period/Ssŭ-wên Huang-ti

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​SSŬ-wên Huang-ti. Posthumous title of Chu Yü-chien [q. v.].
# Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period/Su, Prince

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​SU, Prince. See under Haoge.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Wilson, Robert (1803-1882)

​WILSON, ROBERT (1803–1882), engineer, was born in 1803 at Dunbar, Haddingtonshire, where his father, a fisherman, was drowned in 1810. When quite a child he became an expert sculler, and he conceived the idea of making a propeller to be fixed to the stern of vessels. After a meagre education, he removed from Dunbar on being apprenticed to a joiner. The problem of his propeller continued to occupy his attention, and in 1827 his model was brought by James Hunter under the notice of the Earl of Lauderdale, who, after satisfying himself as to the feasibility of the invention, promised to introduce it to the admiralty. In the following year a committee of the Highland Society proved the success of the plan, and granted Wilson 10l. on condition of receiving the model. In 1832 he was awarded a silver medal by the Scottish Society of Arts, and the invention was brought by them before the admiralty. It was discussed by the officials with scant courtesy, though they afterwards, in 1840, adopted the similar invention of Sir Francis Pettit Smith [q. v.] Wilson, after spending a few years in Edinburgh as an engineer, removed to Manchester, and in 1838 was manager of James Nasmyth's Bridgwater foundry at Patricroft, near that city. He had an important share in perfecting the steam-hammer invented by James Nasmyth [q. v.] Wilson's share in the tool was its self-acting motion, which was patented by Nasmyth in July 1843. The first hammer was in use at the Low Moor ironworks, near Bradford, Yorkshire, from August 1843 to 1853, when Wilson, who was then engineer of that establishment, added to it the ‘circular balanced valve.’ In 1856, on the retirement of Nasmyth, he left Low Moor and became managing partner of the firm of Nasmyth, Wilson, & Co. He afterwards constructed the great double-acting hammer at the Woolwich Royal Arsenal, this improved action being patented in 1861. In 1880 the war department made him a grant of 500l. for the use of his double-action screw-propeller as applied to the fish torpedo. The history of his first great invention is contained in a pamphlet which he published in 1860, and republished in 1880, entitled ‘The Screw Propeller: who invented it?’ Between 1842 and 1880 he took out twenty-four patents for valves, pistons, propellers, and hydraulic and other machinery. His first patent for an hydraulic packing-press was taken out in conjunction with Nasmyth in 1856, and he subsequently made many improvements in this successful machine.
He was elected a fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1873, and was a member of the Royal Scottish Society of Arts. He died at Matlock, Derbyshire, on 28 July 1882, and was buried at St. Catherine's, Barton-on-Irwell, not far from his residence, Ellesmere House, Patricroft. He was twice married, and left four sons and four daughters.
He is to be distinguished from another Robert Wilson, inspector for the Manchester Steam Users' Association, and author of a ‘Treatise on Steam Boilers,’ 1873, and ‘Boiler and Factory Chimneys,’ 1877.
C. W. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Wilson, Mrs. Cornwell Baron

​WILSON, Mrs. CORNWELL BARON, whose maiden name was Margaret Harries (1797–1846), author, born in Shropshire in 1797, was the only child of Roger Harries of Canonbury Place, Islington, and afterwards of Woburn Place, Russell Square, by his wife Sophia, daughter of Matthew Arbouin of Mincing Lane (cf. Parry, Welsh Melodies, vol. iii.). Her literary attainments were versatile; she wrote poems, romantic dramas, comic interludes, novels, and biographies. Her first book of poems, ‘Melancholy Hours,’ was published anonymously in 1816; her second, ‘Astarte: a Sicilian Tale; with other Poems,’ to which she prefixed her name, attracted some attention. It reached a second edition in 1818, a fourth in 1827, and was republished in 1840. On 15 April 1819 she married Cornwell Baron Wilson of Lincoln's Inn Fields, a solicitor. In 1829 Mrs. Wilson wrote the words for the third volume of Parry's ‘Welsh Melodies.’ Mrs. Hemans had contributed the verses for the first volume. In 1833 she commenced an ephemeral publication, ‘La Ninon, or Leaves for the Album,’ which ran to three numbers. A fourth number, entitled ‘The Bas Bleu's Scrap Sheet, or La Ninon improved,’ appeared in the same year. In 1833 she also commenced to edit ‘The Weekly Belle Assemblée.’ In 1834 the title was changed to ‘The New Monthly Belle Assemblée.’ It continued to appear until 1870. In 1834 Mrs. Wilson gained a prize for a poem on the Princess Victoria, awarded at the Cardiff bardic festival; there were two hundred candidates.
In June 1836 her ‘Venus in Arms, or the Petticoat Colonel,’ a comic interlude in one act, adapted from the French, was performed at the Strand Theatre, London, with Mrs. Stirling in the title rôle (cf. Duncombe, Brit. Theatre, vol. xxvi.; Cumberland, Minor Theatre, vol. xiv.). Her other dramatic ventures were: ‘The Maid of Switzerland,’ a romantic drama in one act in prose (1830?); and ‘Venus, a Vestal,’ a mythological drama in two acts (1840).
Her excursions into biography include ‘Memoirs of Harriot, Duchess of St. Alban's’ (2 vols. 12mo, 1839; 2nd edit. 1840; 3rd edit. 1886). In 1839 also appeared in two volumes her ‘Life and Correspondence of Monk Lewis.’ They are useful compilations, without much literary merit.
Mrs. Wilson died at Woburn Place, London, on 12 Jan. 1846, leaving several children. Other works by Mrs. Wilson are:
* ‘Hours at Home: a Collection of Miscellaneous Poems,’ 1826; 2nd edit. 1827.
* ‘The Cypress Wreath: a Collection of Original Ballads and Tales in Verse,’ 1828.
* ‘Poems,’ 1831.
* ‘A Volume of Lyrics,’ 1840.
* ‘Chronicles of Life,’ 1840, 3 vols.
* ‘Popularity: and the Destinies of Woman: Tales of the World,’ 1842, 2 vols.
* ‘Our Actresses; or Glances at Stage Favourites past and present,’ 1844, 2 vols.
[Allibone's Dict. of Engl. Lit.; Gent. Mag. 1794 i. 480, 1819 i. 368, 1846 i. 662.]
E. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Wilson, Robert Arthur

​WILSON, ROBERT ARTHUR (1820?–1875), Irish humourist and poet, was born at Falcaragh, co. Donegal, where his father, Arthur Wilson, was a coastguardsman, about 1820. His mother, whose maiden name was Catherine Hunter, a native of Islandmagee, co. Antrim, contrived to give him a fairly good education at home before sending him to Raymunterdoney school. He became a teacher at Ballycastle, Antrim, after leaving school, but only for a short period. About 1840 he emigrated to America, where he remained some years, working as a journalist. On his return to Ireland he joined the staff of a paper in Enniskillen, whence he proceeded to Dublin to take up the position of sub-editor of the ‘Nation,’ under Charles Gavan Duffy. His knowledge of the tenant-right question was found particularly useful in his new employment. But his restlessness prevented him from remaining long in Dublin, and he went back to Enniskillen, editing there successively ‘The Impartial Reporter’ and ‘The Fermanagh Mail.’ In 1865 he went to Belfast, where he became the leading writer on the ‘Morning News.’ In a short time he was recognised as the most popular of Ulster writers. His ‘Letters to my Cousin in Ameriky,’ which appeared in the paper under the signature of ‘Barney Maglone,’ made the fortune of the paper, and were read with delight, not only in Ulster, but over the rest of Ireland. The circulation of the ‘Morning News’ was enormously increased, and for some years Wilson's clever prose satires on local celebrities and humorous lyrics proved the most popular literature in the north. To the ‘Ulster Weekly News’ and other journals, under the signatures of ‘Young Ireland,’ ‘Erin Oge,’ and ‘Jonathan Allman,’ he contributed racy poems in northern dialect, many of which are still familiar to Ulster men. His eccentricities and irregularities, however, prevented him from doing any enduring work, and his tendency to drink became more and more pronounced as he grew older, and finally led to his death. While on a visit to Dublin during the O'Connell centenary celebrations in 1875, he drank more than usual, and on 10 Aug. was found dead in his room. His body was removed to Belfast, and buried, in the presence of a vast number of people, in the Borough cemetery, where a monument has been erected to his memory by public subscription. Some of his poems are admirable—all are racy of Ulster. A small selection from them was published in Dublin and Belfast, 1894, under the title of ‘Reliques of Barney Maglone.’ The volume, which was edited by F. J. Bigger and J. S. Crone, contains a portrait and a biographical introduction by the present writer. The only work issued by Wilson himself was a humorous ‘Almeynack for all Ireland, an' whoever else wants it,’ London, 1871.
D. J. O'D.
# Dictionary of the Swatow dialect/chiap
### chiap

* 妾chiap977385
* A concubine.

#### cêk chi cêk chiap;

    a wife and a concubine.

#### bói chiap;

    buy a concubine.

#### síe chiap;

    my concubine.

#### ài chiap;

    your concubine.

#### thóng chiap khì chi;

    divorce the wife for love of the concubine.
* 竊chiap97711617
* To pilfer, to steal.

#### thau-chiap;

    to steal.

#### pĭ chiap;

    stolen.

#### chiap-châk;

    a petty thief.
# Dictionary of the Swatow dialect/chien
### chien

* 千chien980241
* A thousand; many.

#### m̄ cai li, so̤h cò̤ thàng bw̄n-chien;

    did not know, but supposed he would gain millions by it.
* 遷chien98016212
* To remove from one place to another.

#### chien-îⁿ;

    go elsewhere to live.

#### chien suaⁿ;

    to remove a grave.

#### kói kùe, chien sĭen;

    to reform.

#### chien-ĭen sî-jît;

    to postpone the day.

#### ah-chien;

    to evict.

#### pìen chien;

    much changed on account of removals.
* 淺chíen982858
* Shallow; superficial.

#### m̄ cai chim chíen;

    does not know the depth.

#### hâk-mn̄g chíen;

    the questions were easy.

#### chíen kṳ̆n;

    superficial.

#### chíen sek;

    a pale color.

#### sĭm chíen;

    the simplest.

#### cĭu chíen-chíen nē, sueh khṳt nâng thiaⁿ;

    explain it in just the easiest way.

#### hāi nâng put chíen;

    it was no slight injury.

#### cúi chíen kàu hó̤ ĕ kùe khṳ̀;

    the water is so shallow that you can wade across.

#### cúi khah chíen, cûn m̄-hó̤ kiaⁿ;

    the water is too shallow, and the boats cannot run.

#### tó-tn̂g chíen;

    shallow minded.

#### chíen mô̤ⁿ;

    short fur.
* 前chîen981187
* To advance; to progress.

#### i kien ŭ chîen-thêng a bô̤?

    Did his contributions to the support of the government bring him promotion to office or not?

#### i thàng kàu ŭ cîⁿ khṳ̀ kien chîen-thêng;

    he has gained so much that he has money wherewith to purchase an official position.