OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Eurycleidas

​EURYCLEIDAS (Εὐρυκλείδας), an Athenian orator, who, together with Micon or Micion, possessed much influence with the people, which they used unworthily, as the Athenians under their guidance launched forth, according to Polybius, into the most unrestrained flattery towards the kings, whose favour they desired to gain, especially Ptolemy IV. (Philopator) of Egypt. Pausanias tells us that Philip V. of Macedon caused them both to be removed by poison. (Polyb. v. 106; Paus. ii. 9.) [E. E.]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Eurybia

​EURY′BIA (Εὐρυβία), a daughter of Pontus and Ge, who became by Crius the mother of Astraeus, Pallas, and Perses. (Hes. Theog. 375; Apollod. i. 2. § 2.) There are two other mythical personages of this name. (Apollod. ii. 7. § 8; Diod. iv. 16.) [L. S.]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Eurycleia

​EURYCLEIA (Εὐρύκλεια). 1. According to a Thessalian tradition, a daughter of Athamas and Themisto, and the wife of Melas, by whom she became the mother of Hyperes. (Schol. ad Pind. Pyth. iv. 221.)
2. A daughter of Ops, was purchased by Laërtes and brought up Telemachus. When Odysseus returned home, she recognized him, though he was in the disguise of a beggar, by a scar, and afterwards she faithfully assisted him against the suitors. (Hom. Od. i. 429, &c., iv. 742, &c., xix. 385, &c., xxii. xxiii.) [L. S.]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Eurycles 2.

​EU'RYCLES (Εὐρυκλῆς), a Greek physician or grammarian, who must have lived in or before the first century after Christ, as he is mentioned by Erotianus. (Gloss. Hippocr. p. 308.) He appears to have written a commentary on Hippocrates, de Articulis, which does not now exist. [W. A. G.]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Eurycrates I.

​EURY'CRATES (Εὐρυκράτης) I., was the 11th king of Sparta in the Agid house: his reign was coincident with the conclusion of the first Messenian war. (Paus. iii. 3. § 3.)
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Eurycrates II.

​II. Grandson of the above, called also (Herod. vii. 204) Eurycratides, was 13th of the same line, and reigned during the earlier and disastrous part of the war with Tegea (Herod. i. 65), which his grandson Anaxandrides brought to a happy issue. (Pans. iii. 3. § 5.) [A. H. C.]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Eurybatus

​EURY′BATUS (Εὐρύβατος). 1. A Laconian, who was victor in the wrestling-match, in Ol. 18, when this species of contest was first introduced. (Paus. v. 8. § 7.)
2. An Ephesian, whom Croesus sent with a large sum of money to the Peloponnesus to hire mercenaries for him in his war with Cyrus. He, however, went over to Cyrus, and betrayed the whole matter to him. In consequence of this treachery, his name passed into a proverb amongst the Greeks. (Diod. Excerpt. de Virt. et Vit. p. 553; Ulpian, in Dem. de Coron. p. 137; Aeschin. in Ctes. c. 43; Plat. Protag. p. 327.) [C.P. M.]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Eurycles 1.

​EURYCLES (Εὐρυκλῆς), a Spartan architect, who built the finest of the baths at Corinth, and ​adorned it with beautiful marbles. (Pans. ii. 3. §5.) [P. S.]
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Jackson (Mich.)

* related portals: Michigan.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, travel guide, Wikidata item.
Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​ JACKSON, a city and county-seat of Jackson co., Mich.; on the Grand river, and several lines of railroads; 76 miles W. of Detroit. It is the trade center and distributing point for coal, oil, and farming implements for South Central Michigan; and has manufactories of machinery, corsets, chemicals, oil stoves, glass, paper and refrigerators. The city contains the State prison; derives large power for manufacturing from the river; has the Holly system of waterworks, electric light and street railway plants, a National and other banks, daily, weekly, and monthly periodicals. Pop. (1910) 31,433; (1920) 48,374.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Jackson (Ohio)

* related portals: Ohio.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, travel guide, Wikidata item.
Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​ JACKSON, a city of Ohio, the county seat of Jackson co. It is on the Hocking Valley, the Baltimore and Ohio, Southwestern, and the Detroit, Toledo and Ironton railroads. It has important coal and iron mines, foundries, a shoe factory, railroad shops, and other industries. Pop. (1910) 6,468; (1920) 5,842.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Jacobi, Mary Putnam

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
JACOBI, MARY PUTNAM, an American physician; born in London, England, Aug. 31, 1842. She graduated from the Woman's Medical College, Philadelphia; College of Pharmacy, New York; and the School of Medicine, Paris. Among her works are: “The Value of Life”; “Hysteria, and Other Essays”; “Studies in Primary Education.” She died June 11, 1906.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Jackson (Mississippi)

* related portals: Mississippi.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, travel guide, Wikidata item.
Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​ JACKSON, a city, capital of the State of Mississippi, and county-seat of Hinds co.; on the Pearl river and several important railroads; 40 miles E. of Vicksburg. It contains the State Lunatic Asylum, State Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, State Law Library, State prison, Millsaps College for Men, a National bank. It is the farming and cotton raising trade center for four counties, and besides a variety of industries connected with cotton, it has iron foundries, brick and lumber yards, railroad repair shop, fertilizing factories, and agricultural implement factories. Jackson is lighted by electricity, and has an extensive trade, especially in cotton, through the port of New Orleans. Pop. (1910) 21,262; (1920) 22,817.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Jackson (Tenn.)

* related portals: Tennessee.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, travel guide, Wikidata item.
Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​ JACKSON, a city and county-seat of Madison co., Tenn.; on the Forked Deer river, and the Illinois Central, and several other railroads; 150 miles S. W. of Nashville. It is the farming trade center for a region having a population of 175,000 and is an important cotton market; and has manufactories of engines and boilers, bicycles, cottonseed oil, lumber, machinery, and woolen mills. Jackson is the seat of the Southwestern Baptist University, the Memphis Conference Female Institute, and Lane College. There are National banks, daily, weekly, and monthly periodicals, a waterworks plant, owned by the city and valued at $400,000. Pop. (1910) 15,779; (1920) 18,860.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Jacksonville (Florida)

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
JACKSONVILLE, a city and county-seat of Duval co., Fla.; on St. Johns river, and the Florida East Coast, and other railroads; 139 miles S. of Savannah. The city is about 30 miles from the coast; and has regular steamer communication with all points on the St. Johns river, and also to Charleston, New York, and Boston, and sailing vessel communication with various foreign ports. The city is a farming, fruit growing, and lumbering trade and jobbing center for Florida and Southern Georgia. It has valuable phosphate interests. Jacksonville is highly esteemed as a winter resort, especially by people from the Northern and Eastern States. It is the seat of St. Luke's Hospital, the largest in the State, and the general offices of the Florida, Central and Pensacola, and the Jacksonville, Tampa and Key West railroads. There is an excellent system of docks. The city has National and several State and private banks. During the American-Spanish War, Jacksonville was used extensively as a point of embarkation of troops and supplies for Cuba, and as a coaling station. Pop. (1910) 57,699; (1920) 91,558.
Source: “Jacksonville, a city and county-seat of Duval co., Fla.,” Collier's New Encyclopedia, V (New York: P.F. Collier & Son Company, 1921), p. 223.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Jacob

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
JACOB, the son of Isaac and Rebecca, the grandson of the Jewish patriarch Abraham, and the twin, but younger brother of Esau, was the father of 12 sons, from whom the 12 tribes of Israel were descended. He was the favorite of his mother, by whose advice he imposed upon his father, and obtained his blessing, having before taken an advantage of Esau, by purchasing his birthright. To avoid his brother's fury, he fled to Padanaram, where he resided with his uncle Laban, whom he served 14 years for his daughters Leah and Rachel. He afterward returned to Canaan with great wealth, and a reconciliation took place between him and his brother Esau. His name was altered to Israel by an angel; whence his posterity have been called Israelites. He lived to the age of 147 years. He died in the land of Goshen, about 1680 B. C.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Jacksonville (Illinois)

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
JACKSONVILLE, a city and capital of Morgan co., Ill.; on the Wabash, Chicago and Alton, the Chicago, Peoria and St. Louis, and the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy railroads; 34 miles W. of Springfield, the State capital. The city, which is popularly known as the "Athens of the West," is the seat of Illinois College, Illinois Woman's College, Illinois College of Music, Illinois State Institutions for the Education of Deaf Mutes and the Blind, State Central Insane Hospital, Passavout Memorial and Our Saviour Hospitals. The city is the trade center for Morgan, Scott, and parts of Green and Cass counties; is largely concerned in the agricultural industry; has manufactories of woolen goods, candy, steel products, machinery, woven wire, pumps, and wind mills, boilers, brick and tile, paper, and flour. There are a National and other banks, daily, weekly, and semi-monthly periodicals. Pop. (1900) 15,078; (1910) 15,326; (1920) 15,713.
Source: “Jackson, a city and capital of Morgan co., Ill.,” Collier's New Encyclopedia, V (New York: P.F. Collier & Son Company, 1921), pp. 223–224.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Jacobi, Abraham

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
JACOBI, ABRAHAM, an American physician; born in Westphalia, Germany, in 1830. He studied at various universities in Germany and became identified with the German revolutionary movement of 1848, when he was indicted for high treason, escaping to New York. He acted as professor of diseases of children in several important hospitals in New York and became known as one of the first authorities of children's and other diseases. He was a member of many important medical societies. He wrote many books relating to medical subjects, including “The Raising and Education of Abandoned Children in Europe” (1870); “Infant Diet” (1875); “Therapeutics of Infancy and Childhood” (1895-1903). He died in 1919.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Caldwell, Andrew

​CALDWELL, ANDREW, the elder (1733–1808), Irish barrister, son of Charles Caldwell, solicitor to the customs at Dublin, was born on 19 Dec. 1733. After residing about five years at the Temple, London, he returned to Dublin, where he was admitted ​to the bar in 1760, but inheriting a sufficient estate he made little effort to succeed in the profession of law, devoting most of his time to the cultivation of his literary and artistic tastes. In 1770 he published, anonymously, ‘Observations on the Public Buildings of Dublin,’ and in 1804 printed for private circulation ‘Account of the extraordinary Escape of James Stewart, Esquire (commonly called Athenian Stewart), from being put to death by some Turks, in whose company he happened to be travelling.’ He died on 2 July 1808.
T. F. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Caldwall, Richard

​CALDWALL, RICHARD, M.D. (1505?–1584), physician, was born in Staffordshire about 1505 (Tables of Surgerie). He was educated at Brasenose, graduated as B.A. in 1533 (Wood, Fasti (Bliss), i. 95), and became a fellow, but afterwards moved to Christ Church and thence graduated M.D. at Oxford in 1554. He was admitted a fellow of the College of Physicians in 1559, was made a censor the same day, and was elected president in 1570. With Lord Lumley he founded ​a surgery lecture in the college. In 1572 he was infirm, and was excused from attendance at its meetings by the college. He wrote several works, but only one was published, and that after his death, by E. Caldwall. It is a translation of some ‘Tables of Surgerie’ by Horatius Morus, a Florentine physician. Caldwall died in 1584, and was buried in St. Benet's, Paul's Wharf. Camden describes his tomb—an elaborate work in later renaissance style, with many panels and borders, and adorned with surgical instruments.
N. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Calhoun, Patrick

​CALHOUN, PATRICK (1727–1796), American settler, was born in Ireland in 1727. His father emigrated in 1733 to Pennsylvania, and several years afterwards to the western part of Virginia. When that settlement, after the defeat of Braddock, was broken up by the Indians, the family removed to Long Cane, Abbeville, in the interior of South Carolina, on the confines of the Cherokee Indians. In the war of 1759 half of the settlement was destroyed, and the remnant retired to the older settlements, but on the conclusion of peace in 1763 Calhoun and others returned. Calhoun was appointed to the command of a body of rangers for the defence of the frontiers, in which he displayed great intrepidity and skill. He was the first member of the provincial legislature elected from the upper county of the state, and was afterwards elected to the state legislature, of which, with the intermission of a single term, he remained a member till his death. In the revolutionary war he took an active part on the patriot side. He died in 1796. By his wife, a Miss Caldwell, of Charlotte county, Va., he had several children, one of whom, John Caldwell Calhoun, became vice-president of the United States.
T. F. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Caldwell, Hume

​CALDWELL, HUME (1733–1762), colonel, third son of Sir John Caldwell, second baronet, of Castle Caldwell, county Fermanagh, was born there in 1733. He entered the Austrian army at an early age. While stationed at Prague he accidentally set fire to the furniture in his lodgings, and his landlord applied to have his pay sequestrated to pay for the damage. The brothers of the Irish Fran​ciscan convent came to his aid on account of the kindness with which Caldwell's father had treated his catholic neighbours (Burke, Peerage and Baronetage, 1837, ‘Caldwell, bart.’) Caldwell served with honour throughout the seven years' war; he soon rose to the rank of colonel, and received the cross of the order of Maria Theresa from the empress-queen for his gallant conduct at the battle of Domstädtl. His greatest exploit was at the sudden attack on the fortress of Schweidnitz, by General Loudon, on 30 Sept. 1761, when he led the stormers of the Garden Fort and carried it in a quarter of an hour, for which he was specially mentioned in Loudon's despatches. He died in the following year at Schweidnitz from a wound received during a sortie from the fortress, when it was being besieged by Frederick the great. Maria Theresa never forgot Caldwell's services; she created his elder brother, Sir James Caldwell, bart., count of Milan in the Holy Roman Empire, and in 1766, when he was passing through Vienna, she gave him a magnificently enamelled gold box to present to his mother, the Dowager Lady Caldwell.
H. M. S.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Whiting

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
WHITING, a city of Indiana, in Lake co. It is on the Elgin, Joliet and Eastern, the Indiana Harbor Belt, the New York Central, the Pere Marquette, the Baltimore and Ohio, and the Pennsylvania railroads. Its industries include the manufacture of oilcloth, chemicals, asphalt pavement, etc. It has a public library and a park. It is an important station of the Standard Oil Company. Pop. (1910) 6,587; (1920) 10,145.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Whitman, Sarah Helen Power

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
WHITMAN, SARAH HELEN POWER, an American poet; born in Providence, R. I., in 1803. She married John W. Whitman, a Boston lawyer; was once engaged to Edgar Allan Poe, afterward writing a defense of him entitled “Edgar A. Poe and his Critics” (1860); and was noted for her conversational powers. She published several volumes of poems, among them being the volume “Hours of Life, and Other Poems” (1853); also “Fairy Ballads,” written with her sister, Anna M. Power. She died in Providence, R. I., June 27, 1878.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Whitlock, Brand

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
WHITLOCK, BRAND, an American writer and diplomat; born in Urbana, O., in 1869. After a common school education he entered the field of journalism in Toledo, O., but, in 1890, went to Chicago to join the staff of the Chicago “Herald.” Three years later he became a clerk in the office of the secretary of state of Illinois. During this period he studied law and was admitted to the bar of Illinois in 1894 and, in 1897, to the bar of Ohio. He began to practice law in Toledo, where he was elected mayor in 1905, being re-elected to the same office for three other terms. Under his administration a new charter was granted the city and such innovations as the initiative, the referendum, the recall of public officials, and direct nominations were instituted. Meanwhile he was also becoming known as a regular contributor to major American magazines, both as a writer of verse and of
prose articles. In 1913 he was appointed Minister to Belgium, where he distinguished himself for his expert handling of the situation during the World War. War having been declared against Germany by the United States in April, 1917, Mr. Whitlock was recalled, but after the signing of the armistice and the restoration of the Belgian Government, he returned to Brussels as Ambassador. Among his many works are: “Her Infinite Variety” (1904); “The Gold. Brick” (1910); “Belgium, a Personal Narrative” (1919).
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Whitman, Marcus

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
WHITMAN, MARCUS, an American pioneer; born in Rushville, N. Y., Sept. 4, 1802. In 1836 he emigrated with a number of others to work as a missionary among the Indians of the Upper Columbia. Accompanied by his young wife he crossed the plains by wagon, being the first person to reach the Pacific by this means. He was soon followed by a large number of emigrants who settled in what was then known as Oregon, and which now forms the States of Oregon, Washington, and Idaho. At this time the Hudson's Bay company were using every possible means to secure this territory to the English. When this plan became evident to Dr. Whitman he decided to take every precaution to forestall it. The Ashburton-Webster treaty was then before Congress and was expected to settle the Oregon question. Knowing that the Government should have full information as to the true state of affairs, Whitman rode over 3,000 miles on horseback, enduring all the hardships of a Western winter in the mountains, and reaching Washington on March 3, 1843, only to find that the treaty had been signed. Fortunately the Oregon question had not been included, Dr. Whitman at once went to work and taught the Government the value of the land it had deemed worthless, demonstrated to the people the fertility of the soil of Oregon, and the fact that it could be reached by wagon, and then returned at the head of 1,000 emigrants. By his
daring ride and his earnest endeavors Dr. Whitman won this great section for the United States, and the results of his work were secured by the treaty of 1846. In 1847, with his wife and some others, he was massacred by the Cayuse Indians.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/White, William Allen

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
WHITE, WILLIAM ALLEN, an American journalist, born in Emporia, Kan., in 1868. He was educated at the University of Kansas. In 1895 he became proprietor and editor of the Emporia “Daily and Weekly Gazette.” He was a member of the National Institute of Arts and Letters, vice-president of the American Short Ballot Association, and a trustee of the College of Emporia. A Republican in politics, he was one of the chief supporters of ex-president Roosevelt in the formation of the Progressive party, becoming a member of its National Committee and the chairman of its publicity committee. During the World War he went, in 1917, to France as an observer for the American Red Cross. In 1919 he was appointed an American delegate to the Russian Conference at Prinkipo. Besides contributing frequently to magazines and newspapers, he wrote “The Real Issue and Other Stories” (1896); “The Court of Boyville” (1899); “Stratagems and Spoils” (1901); “In Our Town” (1906); “A Certain Rich Man” (1909); “The Old Order Changeth” (1910); “God's Puppets” (1916); “In the Heart of a Fool” (1918); “The
Martial Adventures of Henry and Me” (1918).
WILLIAM ALLEN WHITE
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Whiting, Lilian

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
WHITING, LILIAN, an American author; born in Niagara Falls, N. Y., Oct. 3, 1859. She was literary editor of the Boston “Traveler” in 1880-1890, and editor of the Boston “Budget” in 1890-1894. She then traveled in Europe. Her publications include: “The World Beautiful” (3 vols.); “From Dreamland Sent” (poems); “After Her Death”; “The Story of a Summer”; “A Study of the Life and Poetry of Elizabeth Barrett Browning”; “Kate Field: a Record”; “The Spiritual Significance”; etc.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Whitman College

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
WHITMAN COLLEGE, an institution for higher education, founded at Walla Walla, Washington, in 1859. It has an endowment of about $1,000,000. In 1919 there were 25 instructors and 310 students. President, S. B. L. Penrose, D. D.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/White Sea

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
WHITE SEA, a branch of the Arctic Ocean which extends S. W. into the province of Archangel as far as the 64th parallel. It is separated from the open sea by the peninsula of Kola and a strait 246 miles long, and from 106 miles (between Capes Sviatoi and Kanin) to 28 wide, and divides itself for the most part into three bays, of which the broadest is the Dwina Bay to the S. E., the S. the Onega Bay, and the longest the Kandalak Bay in the W. Its area, including the N. E. bay, into which the
Mezen falls, is 47,346 square miles. The coasts are flat, with numerous lakes, small rivers, and mountains in the N. and E. The White Sea is blocked with ice except during the months of June, July, and August. Canals connect it with the Volga and the Dnieper. The dwellers on its shores are Lapps, Finns, and Samoyedes, who live by fishing, seal hunting, and the chase. The chief port is Archangel. The passage to the White Sea was discovered in 1553 by Richard Chancellor, an officer under Sir Hugh Willoughby. The English in 1584 established the little fort of Archangel as the center of the White Sea trade, in which they enjoyed great privileges till the founding of St. Petersburg.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Whitman, Charles Seymour

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
WHITMAN, CHARLES SEYMOUR, an American public official, born at Norwich, Conn., in 1868. He graduated from Amherst College in 1890. After admission to the bar, he practiced in New York City. From 1901 to 1903 he was assistant corporation counsel, and from 1904 to 1907 was a city magistrate. He was appointed judge of the Court of Special Sessions in 1907, and from 1910 to 1914 was district attorney of New York county. In 1914 he was elected governor of New York. He was re-elected in 1916.