OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Smith, Hon. George Paton

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​Smith, Hon. George Paton, M.L.A., sometime Attorney-General of Victoria, was born at Berwick-on-Tweed in 1829. In 1855 he emigrated to Victoria and started as a draper in Sandhurst. In 1858 he relinquished business, and took ​employment in Melbourne as a reporter on the Argus. The next year he became editor of the Leader, the weekly journal published in connection with the Melbourne Age; and of the latter paper was subsequently sub-editor and, for a short time, editor. Whilst engaged as a journalist, Mr. Smith was admitted to the Victorian Bar in Sept. 1861, and in 1865 was elected to the Legislative Assembly for South Bourke as a Liberal and Protectionist. From July 1868 to Sept. 1869 Mr. Smith was Attorney-General in the second M'Culloch Ministry, but at the General Election in Jan. 1871 he did not seek re-election for South Bourke. In 1874, however, he was again returned unopposed, and sat till 1877, when the constituency was divided, and Mr. Smith was returned for the Boroondara portion. He died on Dec. 9th, 1877.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Smith, Hon. James Thornloe

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​Smith, Hon. James Thornloe, M.L.C., M.Inst C.E., the son of the Rev. William Smith, Wesleyan minister, was born at at Chester in August 1825, and educated at Woodhouse Grove, near Leeds. He arrived in Victoria in 1852, and entered the Civil Service of that colony as a railway surveyor in the same year. Upon a reduction being made in the staff, he went to Queensland in Nov. 1862, and after twelve months' exploration in the interior, entered the Queensland Civil Service and surveyed the upper portion of the main range above Murphy's Creek. In 1865 Mr. Smith constructed the railway from Toowoomba to Warwick, and afterwards became chief engineering surveyor of the Railway Surveys Department, and surveyed Cooktown and the interior with a view to possible railway construction. In 1873 he was appointed by the Macalister Administration Chief Engineer of the South and West Railway system, and was Acting Chief Engineer for twelve months, during the absence of Mr. Stanley, who then held that post. He then acted as Deputy Engineer-in-chief of the South and West Railways until the abolition of the office by the Griffith Ministry in July 1884. Mr. Smith was called to the Upper House in August 1888. He married in Melbourne on Oct. 31st, 1852, Miss Pauline E. Marks.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Smith, Hon. John Thomas

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​Smith, Hon. John Thomas, was born in Sydney, N.S.W., in 1816, and was educated at Cape's School in that city. At the age of twenty he went to Melbourne, in what was then the Port Phillip district, as assistant teacher at the Church of England Aboriginal Station. Subsequently he became a publican, and built the Queen's Theatre, which was practically the first erected in Melbourne. In 1842 Melbourne was incorporated a city, and Mr. Smith was one of the first members of the Council, in which he continued to hold a seat till his death. He was seven times Mayor of Melbourne, and in this capacity took an active part in providing against the assault on the banks and Treasury in Melbourne which was supposed to be meditated by the Ballarat rioters in 1854. For the latter service he received the thanks of the Governor, Sir Charles Hotham. When Mayor in 1858 he was delegated by the City Council to go to England for the purpose of presenting an address of congratulation to the Queen on the occasion of the marriage of the Princess Royal to the late Emperor Frederick of Germany, then Crown Prince of Prussia. From the establishment of constitutional government in Victoria, he was a member of the Legislature, being elected to the Legislative Council, then the only chamber, for North Bourke in 1851. Two years later he resigned his seat and contested the vacancy in the representation of Melbourne caused by Mr. Westgarth's departure for Europe. His opponent was the late Mr. Lauchlan Mackinnon, one of the proprietors of the Argus, whom he defeated. When responsible government was conceded, Mr. Smith was elected to the first Legislative Assembly as one of the members for Melbourne in 1856. In 1859 he was returned for Creswick, and subsequently for West Bourke, which he represented till his death, when he was "father of the House." He was Minister of Mines in the Macpherson Government from Sept. 1869 to April 1870. He was the first Freemason initiated in Victoria, and was appointed Provincial Grand Master under the Irish constitution. Mr. Smith took an active part in the establishment of the principal ​charities, such as the Melbourne Hospital, the Benevolent and Orphan Asylums, and others. He was an advocate for reducing the hours of labour, and contributed to the adoption of the eight hours system. Mr. Smith died in 1878.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Smith, Hon. Louis Lawrence

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​Smith, Hon. Louis Lawrence, M.L.A., L.S.A. (Lond.), is the son of the late E. T. Smith, one of the most remarkable entrepreneurs of recent times and formerly lessee of Cremorne and Her Majesty's Theatre. He was born in London in 1830, and educated at St. Saviour's Grammar School and at the Ecole de Médecine at Paris, where in 1848 he had some exciting adventures during the revolution which deposed Louis Philippe. Subsequently Mr. Smith studied medicine in London, where he won honours at the Westminster Hospital, and having taken his diploma and practised for a while in London, emigrated to Victoria, where, after a brief experience on the goldfields, he settled down to practice in Melbourne. In 1859 he was asked to stand for the Assembly for South Bourke in the Liberal interest, and having consented, was returned and several times re-elected. Incensed by some remarks from one of the Ministry of the day which he regarded as personally insulting, Mr. Smith boxed his assailant's ears, and immediately resigning his seat, was promptly re-elected, despite his breach of the decorum of Parliament. Having opposed the Darling grant, he was defeated for South Bourke, and became member for Richmond, where he experienced a like fate through his hostility to Mr. Francis's scheme for reforming Parliament on the lines of the Norwegian Constitution. In May 1877 he was elected for Richmond at the head of the poll as an adherent of the Berry Government. More recently he has represented Mornington, for which he was re-elected in April 1892. Mr. Smith has been prominent for many years past as a supporter of the turf and a promoter of exhibitions, and has devoted a large amount of time and attention to the exploitation of the trade in colonial wines. From July 1881 to March 1883 Mr. Smith was a member of the O'Loghlen Ministry, but without portfolio.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Smith, Hon. Robert Burdett

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​Smith, Hon. Robert Burdett, C.M.G., M.L.C., was born in Sydney in 1842; was admitted a solicitor of the Supreme Court of New South Wales in 1863, and practises in Sydney. He was at one time president of the Australian Patriotic Association, and was secretary to the committee of the Captain Cook Memorial Fund. He was a member of the Legislative Assembly for the Hastings and Macleay electorates from 1870 to 1889, when he was nominated to the Legislative Council. Mr. Smith was a Commissioner for New South Wales at the Colonial and Indian Exhibition in 1886, and was Executive Commissioner for that colony at the Melbourne Centennial Exhibition of 1888. In 1890 he was created C.M.G.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Smith, Hon. Sydney

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​Smith, Hon. Sydney, M.L.A., ex-Secretary for Mines, New South Wales, has represented the East Macquarie electorate in the Legislative Assembly of that colony since 1880. He held the post of Secretary for Mines, in the Parkes Government from March 1889 to Oct. 1892.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Smith, Captain M. S.

Full name: Matthew Skinner Smith
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​Smith, Captain M. S., formerly Superintendent of Land Police, Western Australia, served in the 44th Foot from June 6th, 1854, till June 22nd, 1867. He was engaged in the Crimea from Christmas Day, 1854, till the withdrawal of the troops in 1856, including the attack on the cemetery and the siege of Sebastopol (medal and clasp and Turkish medal), and in the China war of 1860, including the action at Sinho and the attack and capture of the Taku. He was appointed Superintendent of Police in Western Australia, and retained the post till his death, on April 18th, 1887.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Smith, James (Tas)

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​Smith, James, was born at George Town, on the river Tamar, Northern Tasmania, on July 1st, 1827. For some years he followed the business of engineer and miller with Mr. Guillan, of Launceston, but this occupation did not suit his adventurous spirit, and on the discovery of gold in Australia he threw up his employment, and went to the diggings. In 1853 he returned to Tasmania, and settled on the river Forth on the north coast. Thenceforward he became an ardent searcher for minerals, his zeal for mineralogy earning for him the sobriquet of "Philosopher Smith," by which name he was long well known in Northern Tasmania. In 1859 he discovered gold in the river Forth, and silver on the beach at the Penguin in 1861. Still continuing his search for minerals, he worked his way alone through the dense scrub and forest to Mount Bischoff, where on Dec. 4th, 1871, he discovered the enormous tin deposit since become so famous. He took up two eighty-acre sections on the Mount, which are now worked by the Mount Bischoff Tin Mining Company, having proved to be the richest tin mine in the world. Mr. Smith's discovery was of the greatest importance to his native colony, not only from its intrinsic value, but also from the great impetus it gave to the mining industry, opening the way for the great development of mineral wealth in the west of Tasmania. In recognition of his services, the Parliament of Tasmania in 1879 voted him a life pension of £200 per annum. Mr. Smith was induced in 1886 to offer himself as a candidate for the Legislative Council. He was elected without opposition for the Mersey district, but, finding politics uncongenial, he resigned his seat in 1888. He resides at Westwood, Hamilton-on-Forth.
# The Fourth Estate

American magazine concerning journalism. "THE NEWSPAPER FOR THE MAKERS OF NEWSPAPERS AND INVESTORS IN ADVERTISING"
1917
* Liquor Ad Law Territory (July 7)
* A Liquor Ad Solution (July 21)
* No Longer German (September 22)
* Journalism in the Colleges (October 27)
# The Fourth Estate/1917/July 7/Liquor Ad Law Territory

LIQUOR AD LAW TERRITORY.
On and after the dates named below the Federal Liquor Advertising Act applies to:
Alaska—Entire territory, January 1, 1918.
Indiana—Entire state, April 3, 1918. The attorney general of Indiana advises that the section of the law forbidding liquor advertising in the state is not effective until immediately after April 3, 1918, but it is contended by others that this section of the law is already in effect. There have been no decisions by the courts upon these conflicting views, and until some authoritative decision of the courts is available the opinion of the legal officer of the state will he accepted.
Michigan—Entire state, April 30, 1918.
Montana—Entire state, December 31, 1918.
Utah—Entire state. August 1, 1917.
As The Fourth Estate told last week, these states were wholly effected, commencing July 1:
Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Georgia, Idaho, Iowa, Kansas, Maine, Mississippi, Nebraska, North Carolina, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia.
The Post Office Department will furnish further information as to the states partially affected.
# The Fourth Book/Chapter XXXVIII
## How Chitterlings are not to be slighted by men

You shake your empty noddles now, jolly topers, and do not believe what I tell you here, any more than if it were some tale of a tub. Well, well, I cannot help it. Believe it if you will; if you won't, let it alone. For my part, I very well know what I say. It was in the Wild Island, in our voyage to the Holy Bottle. I tell you the time and place; what would you have more? I would have you call to mind the strength of the ancient giants that undertook to lay the high mountain Pelion on the top of Ossa, and set among those the shady Olympus, to dash out the gods' brains, unnestle them, and scour their heavenly lodgings. Theirs was no small strength, you may well think, and yet they were nothing but Chitterlings from the waist downwards, or at least serpents, not to tell a lie for the matter.
The serpent that tempted Eve, too, was of the Chitterling kind, and yet it is recorded of him that he was more subtle than any beast of the field. Even so are Chitterlings. Nay, to this very hour they hold in some universities that this same tempter was the Chitterling called Ithyphallus, into which was transformed bawdy Priapus, arch-seducer of females in paradise, that is, a garden, in Greek.
Pray now tell me who can tell but that the Swiss, now so bold and warlike, were formerly Chitterlings? For my part, I would not take my oath to the contrary. The Himantopodes, a nation very famous in Ethiopia, according to Pliny's description, are Chitterlings, and nothing else. If all this will not satisfy your worships, or remove your incredulity, I would have you forthwith (I mean drinking first, that nothing be done rashly) visit Lusignan, Parthenay, Vouant, Mervant, and Ponzauges in Poitou. There you will find a cloud of witnesses, not of your affidavit-men of the right stamp, but credible time out of mind, that will take their corporal oath, on Rigome's knuckle-bone, that Melusina their founder or foundress, which you please, was woman from the head to the prick-purse, and thence downwards was a serpentine Chitterling, or if you'll have it otherwise, a Chitterlingdized serpent. She nevertheless had a genteel and noble gait, imitated to this very day by your hop-merchants of Brittany, in their paspie and country dances.
What do you think was the cause of Erichthonius's being the first inventor of coaches, litters, and chariots? Nothing but because Vulcan had begot him with Chitterlingdized legs, which to hide he chose to ride in a litter, rather than on horseback; for Chitterlings were not yet in esteem at that time.
The Scythian nymph, Ora, was likewise half woman and half Chitterling, and yet seemed so beautiful to Jupiter that nothing could serve him but he must give her a touch of his godship's kindness; and accordingly he had a brave boy by her, called Colaxes; and therefore I would have you leave off shaking your empty noddles at this, as if it were a story, and firmly believe that nothing is truer than the gospel.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Eichler, August Wilhelm

Edition of 1920. See also August W. Eichler on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
EICHLER, īHlėr, August Wilhelm, German botanist: b. Neukirchen 1839; d. 1887. He was educated at the University of Marburg and in 1871 was appointed professor of botany and director of the Botanical Garden at Graz. Two years later he became professor of botany at Kiel and in 1878 was appointed to a similar chair at the University of Berlin. He wrote extensively on the Coniferæ, Cycadaceæ and other plant groups of Brazil. His principal work is ‘Blütendiagramme’ (1875-78), a description of the comparative study of flowers. Other important works are ‘Syllabus der Vorlesungen über spezielle und Medizinisch-pharmazeutische Botanik’ (1883); ‘Beiträge zur Morphologie und Systematik der Marantaceen’ (1884); ‘Zur Entwickelungsgeschichte der Palmenblätter’ (1885).
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Egmont, Lamoral, Count

Edition of 1920. See also Lamoral, Count of Egmont on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
EGMONT, Lamoral, Count, Dutch statesman: b. La Hamaide, Hainault, 18 Nov. 1522; d. Brussels, 5 June 1588. He entered the military service, and gained a high reputation under Charles V; distinguished himself as general of cavalry under Philip II; and was made stadtholder of the provinces of Flanders and Artois. His connection with the Prince of Orange and his most distinguished adherents made him an object of suspicion to the Spanish court, and Egmont, with Philip of Montmorency, Count Hoorn, became the victims of hate and fanaticism. The Duke of Alva sent by Philip II to the Netherlands in 1567 to reduce the insurgents, had Egmont and Hoorn treacherously seized, and caused them both to be executed at Brussels. Egmont died with heroic firmness. He had before written to Philip II, that “he had never joined in any undertaking against the Catholic religion, nor violated his duties as a loyal subject.’” But the Prince of Orange having taken the field as the champion of his country's wrongs, an example was thought necessary to strike terror into the insurgents. There can be little doubt that the Spanish king unnecessarily dreaded the influence of the gallant soldier but incapable politician. When the troubles in the Netherlands broke out, Egmont, moved by generous sympathy for his injured countrymen, rather than by any fixed principle of action, was found side by side with the Prince of Orange, in the van of the malcontents. But in opposition to the popular movement came his strong feeling of loyalty to Spain, and his still stronger devotion to the Roman Catholic faith. Thus, the opposite forces by which he was impelled neutralized each other, and, ever acting from impulse, he did not calculate the consequences of his conduct. Consult Motley. J. L., ‘Rise of the Dutch Republic’ (London 1861); Juste, T., ‘Le Comte d'Egmont et le Comte Hoorn’ (1862); Goethe, ‘Egmont,’ a drama; Brunelle, ‘Éloge du Comte Egmont’ (1820).
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Eiselen, Wilhelm Bernard

Edition of 1920. See also Ernst Eiselen on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
EISELEN, ī'zĕ-lĕn, Wilhelm Bernard, German gymnast: b. Berlin, 27 Sept. 1792; d. Misdroy, 22 Aug. 1846. His early studies began in Berlin and he was the pupil of the eminent gymnast Jahns. He soon became prominent among the young gymnasts of Berlin and in 1819 began to teach gymnastics at a school in Berlin. He opened a fencing school in 1825 in Berlin and a gymnasium in 1828, and had a vast number of pupils. The first gymnasium for young girls was instituted by him in 1832. He published many works on gymnastics and fencing, including ‘Deutsche Turnkunst’ (in collaboration with Jahn, 1816); ‘Abriss des deutschen Stossfechtens’ (1826).
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Educational Test for Suffrage

Edition of 1920. See also the disclaimer.
EDUCATIONAL TEST FOR SUFFRAGE. See Electoral Qualifications.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Egmont

Edition of 1920. See also Egmont (play) on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
EGMONT. Goethe began work on his tragedy of ‘Egmont’ (1788) as early as 1775, in the period of his “storm and stress”; and as in ‘Götz von Berlichingen’ he had represented a champion of liberty and self-reliance doomed to defeat in a time of all-powerful tyranny, so in the revolt of the Netherlands—which he carefully studied—he was especially attracted by another victim of despotism, another prophet of a better age. Goethe's ‘Egmont’ is, however, an historical character in hardly anything but his execution at the hands of the Spaniards. He is, rather, like Goethe himself, young, demoniacal, improvident, trustful—a lover and a patriot, the idol of the people, but in no sense their leader. This character Goethe presents in a setting of popular turmoil and political intrigue, revealing itself in its abhorrence of both, but particularly in its serene self-abandonment to love of an humble maiden. Egmont's Klärchen is, if it be possible, as naive a martyr to purely human impulse as Gretchen in ‘Faust.’ And this play, otherwise quite realistic, ends with an operatic apotheosis of Egmont's beloved: in a dream he sees her as the goddess of liberty, ready to crown him with a wreath.
Schiller rightly defined ‘Egmont’ as a tragedy of character. There is no development of qualities in the hero, there is no dramatic conflict; there is merely a stratagem in which he allows himself to be ensnared. Egmont's very being is fatal, not his conduct; for he does not act. The whole piece is rather potentially than actually dynamic. There are clear-cut figures and popular scenes of truly Shakespearean vividness, but the prevailing quality is picturesqueness—else, perhaps, Beethoven's incidental music would not be so appropriate. Completed in Italy, the play reveals Goethe's later classical tendencies chiefly in the scrupulous finish of its prose style. Translated by F. Boott (Boston 1871), and by Sir Walter Scott (London 1850). Edited by Max Winkler (Boston 1898).
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Educational Land Grants

Edition of 1920. See also the disclaimer.
EDUCATIONAL LAND GRANTS. See Land Grant Colleges; Education, Agricultural — Land Grant Colleges.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Eichrodt, Ludwig

Edition of 1920. See also Ludwig Eichrodt on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
EICHRODT, īH'rōt, Ludwig, German poet: b. Durlach, Baden, 2 Feb. 1827; d. Lahr, 2 Feb. 1892. He studied at Heidelberg and Freiburg and published in 1848 in Fliegende Blätter his comic songs, “Wanderlust,” which had great popularity. Among his works are “Gedichte in
allerlei Humoren” (1853); “Leben und Liebe” (1856); “Hortus Deliciarum” (1875); “Gold” (1880). His collected works were published in 1890 at Stuttgart.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Loquat

Edition of 1920. See also Loquat on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
LOQUAT lō'kwat, or JAPAN PLUM, a shrub or small tree (Eriobotrya japonica) of the family Malaceæ. It attains heights of about 20 feet, bears thick evergreen leaves near the ends of the branches, and fragrant, woolly, whitish flowers in terminal panicles in late summer and autumn, followed by downy, yellow, oval or pyriform fruits (pomes) which ripen in very early spring. The fruits, which in favorable climates are borne in profusion, are highly esteemed for their sub-acid flesh and their pleasantly flavored seeds, the former being used as a dessert, the latter for flavoring cookery. The tree is a native of Japan and China, whence it has been taken to subtropical climates throughout the world. In the Gulf States and in California it is widely popular as a home fruit, though it appears in Northern markets. In California several highly improved varieties were produced during the closing decade of the last century. In the North it is often grown in conservatories.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Lorca

Edition of 1920. See also Lorca on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
LORCA, lŏr'kä, Spain, city, in the province of Murcia, on the Sangonera River, about 20 miles north of Aguilas, the Mediterranean port. It is an ancient city, established before the Moors came to Spain, as is evidenced by the older houses; but the main part of the city now existing is of Moorish construction. It has a fine old castle, considerable flour and textile manufactures, and in the vicinity are valuable mines of silver, sulphur and lead. The farms in the surrounding country have to be irrigated in the dry seasons, and for the storage of water of the Sangonera a dam, 800 feet long and 160 feet high, was built near the city. In 1802 the dam burst, and the valley was flooded, when many lives were lost. The dam was reconstructed in 1886. Lorca was the scene of many battles between the Christians and the Moors. Pop. 70,807.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Lord, Chester Sanders

Edition of 1920. See also Chester Sanders Lord on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
LORD, Chester Sanders, American journalist: b. Romulus, N. Y., 18 March 1850. He studied at Hamilton College, was for a time associate editor of the Oswego (N. Y.) Advertiser, and in 1872 became a member of the staff of the New York Sun, and of which he was managing editor in 1880-1913, when he retired from business. He was regent of the University of the State of New York 1897-1904; was re-elected regent in 1909 for the term ending in 1922.