# Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world/Index

INDEX.
* Abbott, Mr., on spiders, 35
* Aborigines banished from Van Diemen's Land, 447
* ———— of Australia, 433 to 450
* Abrolhos, 14
* Absence of trees in Pampas, 46
* Aconcagua, volcano of, 253, 291
* Actinia, stinging species, 464
* Africa, Southern part desert, yet supports large animals, 85
* Agouti, habits of, 69
* Ague common in Peru, 365
* Albemarle Island, 376
* Allan, Dr., on Diodon, 14
* ———— on Holuthuriæ, 465
* Allurium, saliferous, in Peru, 364
* ———, stratified, in Andes, 315
* Amblyrhynchus, 385, 394
* Anas, species of, 199
* Animalculæ. see Infusoria
* Antarctic islands, 248
* Antipodes, 417
* Ants at Keeling island, 456
* —— in Brazil, 34
* Apires, or miners, 340
* Aplysia, 6
* Apple-trees, 297
* Aptenodytes demersa, 199
* Areas of alternate movements in the Pacific and Indian oceans, 480
* Armadilloes, habits of, 95
* —————, fossil animals allied to, 130, 155
* Arrow-heads, ancient, 105, 357
* Ascension, 491
* Aspalax, blindness of, 52
* Athene, 70, 125
* Atolls, 465
* Attagis, 94
* Atwater, Mr., on the prairies, 118
* Audubon, M., on smelling-power of carrion-hawks, 184
* Australia, 431
* Australian barrier, 474
* Azara on spiders, 36, 38
* ——— on rain in La Plata, 47
* Azara on range of carrion-hawks, 59
* ——— on habits of carrion-hawks, 57
* ——— on a thunder-storm, 61
* ——— on ostrich-eggs, 91
* ——— on bows and arrows, 105
* ——— on new plants springing up, 119
* ——— on great droughts, 1 33
* ——— on hydrophobia, 353
* Bachman, Mr., on carrion-hawks, 185
* Bahia Blanca, 76 to 105
* Bahia, Brazil, 11
* ———, scenery of, 495
* Balbi on coral reefs, 470
* Bald Head, Australia, 450
* Ballenar, Chile, 349
* Banda Oriental. 39, 142
* Banks's Hill, 210
* Barking-bird, 288
* Basaltic platform of Santa Cruz, 180
* Bathurst, Australia, 442
* Bats, vampire, 22
* Bay of Islands, New Zealand, 417
* Beads', hill of, 149
* Beagle Channel, Tierra del Fuego, 217
* Beech-trees, 235, 281
* Beetles alive in sea, 159
* ———, dung-feeders, 490
* ——— at St. Julian, 170
* ——— in brackish water, 22
* ——— on a fungus, 32
* Behring's Straits, fossils of, 132
* Bell of Quillota, 255
* Benchuca, 330
* Berkeley Sound, 188
* ————, Rev. J., on Confervæ, 14
* ————————, on Cyttaria, 236
* Bibron, M., 381, 385
* Bien-te-veo, 54
* Birds of the Galapagos Archipelago, 378, 394
* Birds, tameness of, 398
* Birgos latro, 462
* Bizcacha, habits of, 70, 124 ​
* Blackwall, Mr., on spiders, 161
* Blindness of tucutuco, 52
* Body, frozen, 89, 249
* Bolabola, 469, 473
* Bolas, manner of using, 44, 111
* Bombs, volcanic, 493
* Bones of the guanaco collected in certain spots, 167
* ——, fire made of, 194
* ——, recent in Pampas, 134
* ——, fossil, 81, 127, 130, 155, 173
* Bory St. Vincent on frogs, 38 1
* Boulders, 187, 247
* Bramador, El, 361
* Brazil, great area of granite, 12
* Breaches in coral reefs, 478
* Breakwater of sea-weed, 240
* Brewster, Sir D., on a calcareous deposit, 10
* Bridge of hide, 262
* ——— of Incas, 334, 356
* Buckland, Dr., on fossils, 132
* Buenos Ayres, 121
* Buffon on American animals, 173
* Bug of Pampas, 330
* Buildings, Indian, 356 to 359, 368
* Bulimus on desert places, 347
* Burchell, Mr., on food of quadrupeds, 87
* —————— on ostrich-eggs, 91
* —————— on perforated stones, 267
* Butterflies, flocks of, 158
* Butterfly producing clicking sound, 33
* Button, Jemmy, 207
* Byron's account of fox of Falklands, 194
* ——— on an Indian killing his child, 216
* Cacti, 165, 261, 374
* Cactornis, 379, 394
* Calasoma on wing out at sea, 158
* Calcareous casts of branches and roots of trees at King George's Sound, 450
* Calcareous incrustations on rocks of Ascension, 9
* Callao, 365
* Calodera, 1-25
* Calomys bizcacha, 124
* Camarhynchus, 379, 394
* Camelidæ, fossil animal allied to, 172
* Cauis antarcticus, 193
* Canis fulvipes, 280
* Capybara, or carpincho, 49, 287
* ————, fossil allied to, 82
* Cape Horn, 211
* Cape of Good Hope, 85
* Caracara, or Carrancha, 55
* Cardoou, beds of, 119, 148
* Carmichael, Capt., 392
* Carrion -hawks, 55, 120, 184
* Casarita, 95
* Castro, Chiloe, 278, 294
* Casts of trees, 450
* Casuchas, 335
* Cathartes, 58, 184,284
* Cats run wild, 120, 493
* —— good to eat, 117
* —— scratch trees, 136
* ——, cruelty to mice, 199
* Cattle, effects of their grazing on the vegetation, 118
* ——— killed by great droughts, 134, 146
* ——— know each other, 145
* ——— curious breed of, 145
* ———, waste of, 149
* ——— wild at the Falkland Islands, 190, 192
* Cauquenes, hot springs of, 263
* Causes of extinction of species among mammalia, 173
* ——— of discoloured sea, 14
* Cavia Patagonica, 69
* Cervus campestris, 48
* Ceryle Americana, 138
* Chacao, Chiloe, 274
* Chagos atolls, 478
* Chalk-like mud, 465
* Chamisso on drifted seeds and trees, 454, 461
* ———— on coral reefs, 467
* Changes in vegetation of Pampas, 120
* ———— in vegetation of St. Helena, 489
* Charles Island, Galapagos Archipelago, 375
* Cheese, salt required for, 66
* Cheucau, 278, 288
* Chile, 252, 337
* ———, features of country, 254
* Chiloe, 273
* ———, forests of, and climate, 243 ​
* Chiloe, roads of. 274, 292
* ———, inhabitauts of, 273, 276
* Chionis, 94
* Chonos Archipelago, 281
* ————————, climate of, 243
* ————————, ornithology of, 288
* Chupat, Kio, 107
* Cladonia, 364
* Clearness of atmosphere within Andes, in Chile, 256
* Climate of Tierra del Fuego and Falkland Islands, 242
* Antarctic Islands, 248
* Galapagos, 373, 377
* ————, change of, in Chile, 357
* Clouds of vapour after rain, 24
* ——— on Corcovado, 28
* ——— hanging low, 367
* ————————— at sea, 402
* Coleoptera in Tropics, 34
* ———— out at sea, 159
* ———— of St. Julian, 170
* Colias edusa, flocks of, 158
* Colnett, Capt., on spawn in sea, 17
* —————, on a marine lizard, 386
* —————, on transport of seeds, 392
* Colonia del Sacramieuto, 144
* Colorado Eio, 70
* Compound animals, 201
* Concepcion, Chile, 302
* Condor, habits of, 182, 186, 269
* Confervæ, pelagic, 14
* Conglomerate on the Ventana, 109
* ————— in Cordillera, 420
* Conurus, 138
* Convicts of Mauritius, 484
* ————, condition of, in New South Wales, 445
* Cook, Capt., on Kelp, 239
* Copiapó, river and valley of, 350
* ———, town of, 354
* Coquimbo, 342
* Coral formations, 402, 452 to 482
* ——, stinging species of, 464
* ——, dead, 460, 478
* Corallines, 201
* Corcovado, clouds on, 28
* ————, volcano, 291
* Cordillera, appearance of, 258, 276, 318
* ————, different productions on east and west side, 326
* Cordillera, passage of, 314
* ————, structure of valleys, 315
* ————, geology of, 319, 332
* ————, rivers of, 316
* ————, of Copiapó, 360
* Cormorant catching fish, 199
* Corral, where animals are slaughtered at Buenos Ayres, 121
* Coseguina, eruption of, 291
* Countries, unhealthy, 365
* Couthouy, Mr., on coral-reefs, 475
* Crabs, hermit species of, 457
* ——— at Keeling Island, 462
* ——— at St. Paul's, 10
* Craters, number of at the Galapagos Archipelago, 373
* ———— of Elevation, 485
* Crisia, 202
* Cruelty to animals, 152
* Crustacea, pelagic, 161
* Ctenomys Braziliensis, 50
* ————, fossil species of, 82
* Cucao, Chiloe, 294
* Cuckoo-like habits of Molothrus, 53
* Cuentas, Sierra de, 149
* Cumbre of Cordillera, 335
* Cuming, Mr., on shells, 391, 490
* Cuttle-fish, habits of, 7, 288
* Cuvier on Diodon, 13
* Cynara, 119
* Cyttaria Darwinii, 236
* Dacelo Jagoensis, 2
* Dasypus, three species of, 95
* Deer, 49, 133
* Degradation of tertiary formations, 344
* Deinornis, 427
* Deserts, 349, 363
* Desmodus, 22
* Despoblado, valley of, 355
* Dietfenbach on Auckland Island,244, 435
* Diodon, habits of, 13
* Discoloured sea, 14
* Diseases from miasma, 365, 435
* Distribution of mammalia in America, 131
* —————— of animals on opposite sides of Cordillera, 326
* —————— of frogs, 381
* —————— of Fauna of Galapagos, 393
Dobrizhoffer on ostriches, 93 ​
* Dobrizhoffer on a hail-storm, 116
* Docks, imported, 428
* Dogs, shepherd, 149
* D'Orbigny, Travels in South America, 78, 93, 120, 130, 149, 167
* Doris, eggs of, 201
* Doubleday, Mr., on a noise made by a butterfly, 33
* Drigg, lightning tubes at, 59
* Droughts, great, in Pampas, 133
* Dryness of St. Jago, 4
* ———— of winds in Tierra del Fuego, 231
* ———— of air in Cordillera, 325
* Du Bois, 382, 399
* Dung-feeding beetles, 490
* Dust, falling from atmosphere, 5
* Earthenware fossil, 370
* Earthquake, accompanied by an elevation of the coast, 310
* ————— accompanied by rain, 351
* ————— at Callao, 369
* ————— at Concepcion, 302
* ————— at Coquimbo, 342
* ————— at Keeling and Vanikoro, and Society Islands, 475
* ————— at Valdivia, 301
* —————, causes of, 311
* —————, effect of, on springs, 264
* ————— on bottom of sea, 306
* —————, effects of, on rocks, 257, 303
* —————, effects of, on sea, 302, 304, 305
* —————, effects of, on a river-bed, 358
* —————, line of vibration of, 307
* ————— on S. W. coast, 246
* —————, tossing fragments from the ground, 198
* ————— twisting movement of, 308
* Eggs of Doris, 201
* Ehrenberg, Prof., on Atlantic dust, 5
* ——————— on infusoria in Pampas, 82, 130
* ————————————— in the open sea, 162
* ————————————— in Patagonia, 171
* ————————————— in Fuegian paint, 221
* Ehrenberg, Prof., on infusoria in coral mud, 465
* ————————————— in tuff at Ascension, 494
* ——————— on phosphorescence of the sea, 163
* ——————— on noises from a hill, 361
* Eimeo, view of, 406
* Elater, springing powers of, 31
* Electricity of atmosphere within Andes, 326
* Elephant, weight of, 87
* Elevated shells, 85, 130, 171, 254, 297, 310, 344, 362, 369
* Elevation of coasts of Chile, 254, 297, 307, 310, 338, 344, 357
* ————— B. Blanca, 83
* ————— Patagonia, 171, 371
* ————— Pampas, 130
* ————— mountain-chains, 312
* ————— Cordillera, 316, 321, 332
* ————— fringing-reefs, 476
* ————— Peru, 369
* ———— within human period, 371
* Entomology of the Galapagos Archipelago, 381, 392, 394
* —————— Brazil, 34
* —————— Patagonia, 170, 327
* —————— Tierra del Fuego, 238
* —————— Keeling Island, 456
* —————— St. Helena, 490
* Entre Rios, geology of, 129
* Epeira, habits of, 36, 38
* Erratic blocks, how transported, 247
* —————— absent in intertropical countries, 248
* —————— on plains of Santa Cruz, 187
* —————— of Tierra del Fuego, 247
* Estaucia, value of, 145
* Extermination of species and races, 174, 434, 441, 448
* Extinction of shells at St. Helena, 488
* ———— of species, causes of, 174
* ———— of man in New South Wales, 434, 448
* Eyes of tucutuco and mole, 52
* Falconer, Dr., on the Sivatherium, 146
* ————, Jesuit, on the Indians, 104
* ———————, on rivers in Pampas, 106 ​
* Falconer, Jesuit, on natural enclosures. 116
* Falkland Islands, 188
* ———————, birds tame at, 398
* ———————, absence of trees at, 48
* ———————, carrion-hawks of, 57
* ———————, wild cattle and horses of, 190
* ———————, climate of, 242
* ———————, peat of, 287
* Fat, quantity eaten, 117
* Fear, an acquired instinct, 399
* Februa, 33
* Fennel, run wild, 119
* Ferguson, Dr., on miasma, 366
* Fern-trees, 244, 448
* Fernando Noronha, 11, 374
* Fields of dead coral, 460
* Fire, art of making, 194, 409
* Fish, eating coral, 464
* —— of Galapagos, 390
* —— emitting harsh sound, 136
* Flamingoes, 66
* Fleas, 346
* Floods after droughts, 134
* ——— clear after snow, 319
* Flora of the Galapagos, 374, 392, 395
* —— of Keeling island, 454
* —— of St. Helena, 487
* Flustraceæ, 201
* Forests, absence of, in La Plata, 47
* ———, of Tierra del Fuego, 210,
* ———, 286
* ——— of Chiloe, 243, 280, 286, 293
* ——— of Valdivia, 298, 301
* ——— of New Zealand, 427
* ——— of Australia, 433
* Fossil Mammalia, 81, 127, 130, 155, 173
* —— earthenware, 369
* Fox of the Falkland Islands, 193
* — of Chiloe, 280
* Friendly Archipelago, 481
* Frogs, noises of, 29
* ——, bladders of, 383
* —— and toads, not found on oceanic islands, 381
* Frozen soil, 88, 248
* Fruit-trees, southern limit of, 243
* Fucus giganteus, 239
* Fuegians, 204 to 234
* Fulgurites, 59
* Fungus, edible, 236
* Furnarius, 95
* Galapagos Archipelago, 372; natural history of, 377
* ———— belongs to American Zoology, 377, 393
* Gale of wind, 217,281
* Gallegos River, fossil bones at, 171
* Galliuazo, 55
* Gauchos, 42. 155
* ————, character of, 156
* ———— live on meat, 117
* Gay, M., on floating islands, 265
* ———, on shells in brackish water, 21
* Geese at the Falkland Islands, 199
* Geographical distribution of American animals, 131, 326
* ——————————— of frogs, 381
* ——————————— of fauna
* ——————————— of Galapagos, 393
* Geology of Cordillera, 319, 332
* ———— of Patagonia, 170, 181
* ———— of St. J ago, 6
* ———— of St. Paul, 8
* ———— of B. Blanca, 81
* ———— of Pampas, 129
* ———— of Brazil, 12
* Georgia, climate of, 248
* Geospiza, 379, 395
* Gill, Mr., on an upheaved river-bed, 358
* Gillies, Dr., on the Cordillera, 323
* Glaciers in Tierra del Fuego, 224, 245
* ———— in Cordillera, 324
* ———— in lat. 46° 40', 246
* Glow-worms, 30
* Goats, destructive to vegetation at St. Helena, 489
* ———, bones of, 168
* Goitre, 314
* Gold-washing, 266
* Good Success Bay, 204
* Gossamer spider, 159
* Gould, Mr., on the Calodera, 125
* ————, on birds of Galapagos, 379
* Granite mountains, Tres Montes, 283
* ——— of Cordillera, 320
* Graspus, 10 ​
* Gravel, how far transported, 108
* ——— of Patagonia, 75, 171
* Greenstone, fragments of, 257
* Gryllus migratorius, 329
* Guanaco, habits of, 166
* ————, fossil allied genus, 172
* Guantajaya, mines of, 363
* Guardiadei Monte, 118
* Guasco, 348
* Guasos of Chile, 258
* Guava, imported into Tahiti, 403
* Guinea-fowl, 5, 493
* Gunnera scabra, 278
* Gypsum, great beds of, 319
* ———— in salt-lake, 66
* ———— in Patagonian tertiary-beds, 171
* ———— at Iquique with salt, 364
* ———— at Lima with shells, 369
* Hachette, M., on lightning-tubes, 60
* Hailstorm, 115
* Hall, Capt. Basil, on terraces of Coquimbo, 343
* Hare, Varying, 45
* Head, Capt, on thistle-beds, 119, 124
* Height of snow-line on Cordillera, 244
* Henslow, Prof., on potatoes, 285
* ——————, on plants of Keeling Island, 454
* Hermit crabs, 457
* Hill, emitting a noise, 361
* Himantopus, 114
* Hogoleu barrier-reef, 469
* Holes made by a bird, 95
* Holman on drifted seeds, 454
* Holuthuriæ feeding on coral, 465
* Hooker, Sir J., on the Cardoon, 119
* ———, Dr. J. D., on the Kelp, 239
* ———————, on Galapageian plants, 392, 395
* Horn, Cape, 211
* Horner, Mr., on a calcareous deposit, 10
* Horse-fly, 170
* Horses difficult to drive, 110
* ——— drop excrement on paths, 119
* ——— killed by great droughts, 134
* ———, multiplication of, 233
* ——— broken in, 151
* Horse, powers of swimming of, 143
* ——— wild at the Falkland Islands, 191
* Horse, fossil, 82, 130
* Horsemanship of the Gauchos, 153, 195
* Hot springs of Cauquenes, 263
* Huacas, 368, 370
* Humboldt on burnished rocks, 12
* ———— on the atmosphere in
* ———— tropics, 32
* ———— on frozen soil, 88
* ———— on hybernation, 98
* ———— on potatoes, 285
* ———— on earthquakes and rain, 351
* ———— on miasma, 366, 435
* Humming-birds of Rio de Janeiro, 32
* ——————— of Chile, 271
* Hybernation of animals, 98
* Hydrochærus capybara, 49
* Hydrophobia, 353
* Hyla, 29
* Hymenophallus, 32
* Jackson, Col., on frozen snow, 325
* Jaguar, habits of, 135
* Jajuel, mines of, 259
* James Island, Galapagos Archipelago, 376
* Juan Fernandez, volcano of, 310
* ———————, flora of, 392
* Ibis melanops, 165
* Ice, prismatic structure of, 325
* Icebergs, 187, 224, 246 to 251
* Incas' bridge, 334, 356
* Incrustations on coast rocks, 9, 12
* Indian fossil remains, 370
* Indians, attacks of, 64, 77, 129
* ———, Patagoniaus, 231
* ———, Araucarians, 299
* ——— of the Pampas, 100
* ——— of Valdivia, 299
* ———, perforated stones used by, 267
* ———, powers of tracking, 328
* ———, grave of, 169, 187
* ———, ruins of houses of, in Cordillera, 356, 368
* ———, antiquities of, in La Plata, 46, 105
* ——— decrease in numbers, 104
* Infection, 435
* Infusoria in dust in the Atlantic, 5
* ———— in the sea, 15, 162
* ———— in Pampas, 82, 130
* ———— in Patagonia, 170 ​
* Infusoria in white paint, 221
* ———— in coral mud, 465
* ———— at Ascension, 494
* Insects, first colonists of St. Paul's rocks, 10
* ——— blown out to sea, 159
* ——— of Patagonia, 170, 327
* ——— of Tierra del Fuego, 238
* ——— of Galapagos, 381, 392, 394
* ——— of Keeling Island, 456
* ——— of St. Helena, 490
* Instincts of birds, 95, 398
* Iodine with salt at Iquique, 365
* Iquique, 362
* Iron, oxide of on rocks, 12
* Islands, oceanic, volcanic, 8
* ———, floating, 265
* ———, Antarctic, 248
* ———, low, 402, 467
* Kater's peak, 212
* Kauri pine, 427
* Keeling Island, 452
* ——————, subsidence of, 475
* ——————, birds of, 456
* ——————, entomology of, 456
* ——————, flora of, 454
* Kelp, or sea-weed, 239
* Kendall, Lieut., on a frozen body, 249
* Kingfishers, 2, 138
* King George's Sound, 449
* Labourers, condition of, in Chile, 267
* Lagoon-islands, 402, 453, 465
* Lagostomus, 124
* Lake, brackish, near Rio, 21
* —— with floating islands, 265
* —— formed during earthquake, 371
* Lamarck on acquired blindness, 52
* Lampyris, 30
* Lancaster, Capt., on a sea-tree, 100
* Land-shells, 347, 488, 490
* Lazo, 44, 153, 189
* Leaves, fall of, 235
* ———, fossil, 448
* Leeks in New Zealand, imported, 428
* Lepus Magellanicus, 193
* Lesson, M., on the scissor-beak, 138
* —————, on rabbit of the Falklands, 193
* Lichen on loose sand, 364
* Lichtenstein on ostriches, 92
* Lightning storms, 62
* ———— tubes, 59
* Lima, 365, 368
* ——, elevation of a river near, 358
* Lime, changed by lava into crystalline rock, 6
* Limnæa in brackish water, 21
* Lion-ant, 442
* Lizard, 97
* ———, marine species of, 385
* Lizards, transport of, 382
* Llama or Guauaco, habits of, 166
* Locusts, 329
* Longevity of species in Mollusca, 83
* Lorenzo, San, island of, 369
* Low archipelago, 402
* Lund, M., on antiquity of man, 358
* Lund and Clausen on fossils of Brazil, 131, 173
* Luxan, 329
* Luxuriant vegetation not necessary to support large animals, 85
* Lycosa, 35
* Lyell, Mr., on terraces of Coquimbo, 343
* ————, on longevity of Mollusca, 83
* ————, on subsidence in the Pacific, 468
* ————, on change in vegetation, 120
* ————, on fossil horses' teeth, 130
* ————, on distribution of animals, 327
* ————, on frozen snow, 325
* ————, on extinct mammals and ice-period, 172
* ————, on flocks of butterflies, 158
* ————, on stones twisted by earthquakes, 308
* MacCulloch on infection, 435
* Macquarie river, 442
* Macrauchenia, 82, 173
* Macrocystis, 239
* Madrina, or godmother of a troop of mules, 315
* Magdalen channel, 241
* Magellan, Strait of 231
* Malcolmson, Dr., on hail, 116
* Maldiva atolls, 467, 476, 478
* Maldonado, 39 ​
* Mammalia, fossil, 81, 127, 130, 155, 173, 371
* Man, antiquity of, 358
* ——, fossil remains of, 370
* ——, body frozen, 249
* ——, fear of, an acquired instinct, 400
* ——, extinction of races, 435, 448
* Mares killed for their hides, 154
* Mare's flesh eaten by troops, 101
* Mastodon, 127, 130
* Matter, granular, movements in, 100
* Mauritius, 483
* Maypu river, 316
* Megalouyx, 81, 131
* Megatherium, 81, 83, 131
* Mendoza, climate of, 323
* ————, 330
* Mexico, elevation of, 132
* Miasmata, 365, 435
* Mice inhabit sterile places, 360
* ——, number of, in America, 49
* ——, how transported, 288, 378
* —— different on opposite sides of Andes, 326
* —— of the Galapagos, 378
* —— of Ascension, 492
* Millepora, 464
* Mills for grinding ores, 266
* Mimosæ, 25
* Mimus, 54, 394, 399
* Miners, condition of, 260, 265, 339, 346
* Mines, 260, 340, 346
* ——, how discovered, 317
* Missionaries at New Zealand, 425
* Mitchell, Sir T., on valleys of Australia, 438
* Mocking-bird, 54, 394, 399
* Molina, omits description of certain birds, 271
* Molothrus, habits of, 52
* Monkeys with prehensile tails, 28
* Monte Video, 40, 142
* Moresby, Capt., on a great crab, 463
* ——————— on coral-reefs, 479
* Mount Sarmiento, 233, 241
* ——— Tarn, 234
* Mountains, elevation of, 312
* Movements in granular matter, 100
* Mud, chalk-like, 465
* —— disturbed by earthquake, 306
* Mules, 315
* Muniz, Sig., on niata cattle, 145
* Murray, Mr., on spiders, 161
* Mylodon, 81, 131, 155
* Myopotamus Coipus, 287
* Negress with goitre, 314
* Negro, Rio, 63, 149
* ——— lieutenant, 76
* New Caledonia, reef of, 469, 471, 477
* —— Zealand, 417
* Niata cattle, 145
* Noises from a hill, 361
* Noses, ceremony of pressing, 423
* Nothura, 45
* Notopod, crustacean, 161
* Nulliporæ, incrustations like, 9
* ———— protecting reefs, 498
* Octopus, habits of, 7
* Oily coating on sea, 17
* Olfersia, 10
* Opetiorhynchus, 289
* Opuntia Galapageia, 374
* ——— Darwinii, 165
* ———, 261
* Orange-trees self-sown, 120
* Ores, gold, 266
* Ornithorhynchus, 441
* Ornithology of Galapagos, 378, 394
* Osorno, volcano of, 273, 275, 291
* Ostrich, habits of, 43, 89
* Ostrich's eggs, 113
* Otaheite, 403
* Otter, 287
* Ova in sea, 17
* Oven-bird, 95
* Owen, Capt., on a drought in Africa, 133
* ——, Professor, on the Capybara, 50
* ————————— fossil quadrupeds, 81 to 84, 1.30, 155
* ————————— nostrils of the Gallinazo, 185
* Owl of Pampas, 70, 125
* Oxyurus, 237, 289
* Oysters, gigantic, 170
* Paint, white, 221
* Pallas on Siberia, 67
* Palm-trees in La Plata, 46
* ————— in Chile, 256
* —————, south limit of, 244
* Palms absent at Galapagos, 375 ​
* Pampas, number of embedded remains in, 155
* ————, S. limit of, 75
* ————, changes in, 120
* ———— not quite level, 124, 127, 143
* ————, geology of, 129, 155
* ————, view of, from the Andes, 327
* Papilio feronia, 33
* Parana, Kio, 12(;, 139, 147
* ———, islands in, 134
* Parish, Sir W., on the great drought, 133
* Park, Mungo, on eating salt, 110
* Parrots, 138, 244
* Partridges, 45
* Pas, fortresses of New Zealand, 418
* Passes in Cordillera, 334
* Pasture, altered from grazing of cattle, 118
* Patagones, 64
* Patagonia, geology of, 170, 329
* —————, zoology of, 165, 170, 179
* Patagonian Indians, 231
* Peach-trees self-sown, 120
* Peat, formation of, 286
* Pebbles perforated, 149, 267
* ——— transported in roots of trees, 461
* Pelagic animals in southern ocean, 161
* Penas, Gulf of, 246
* Penguin, habits of, 199
* Pepsis, habits of, 35
* Pernambuco, reef of, 498
* Pernety on hill of ruins, 196
* ——— on tame birds, 398
* Peru, 362 to 371
* ——, dry valleys of, 358, 362
* Petrels, habits of, 289
* Peuquenes, pass of, 319
* Phenolite at F. Noronha, 11
* Phosphorescence of the sea, 162
* ———————— of a coralline, 202
* ———————— of land insects and sea animals, 30
* Phryniscus, 97
* Pine of New Zealand, 427
* Plains at foot of Andes in Chile, 262, 316
* ——— almost horizontal near St. Fé, 127
* Planariæ, terrestrial species of, 26
* Plants of the Galapagos, 374, 392, 395
* ——— of Keeling island, 454
* ——— of St. Helena, 487
* ——— fossil in Australia, 443
* Plata, R., 39
* ————, thunderstorms of, 62
* Plover, long-legged, 114
* Polished rocks, Brazil, 12
* Polyborus chimaugo, 57
* ———— Novæ Zelandiæ, 58
* ———— Braziliensis, 55
* Ponsonby Sound, 221
* Porpoises, 39
* Port Desire, 1 64
* —————, river of, 107, 1G8
* —— St. Julian, 170
* —— Famine, 233
* Portillo pass, 319, 325
* Porto Praya, 1
* Potato, wild, 285
* Potrero Seco, 350
* Prairies, vegetation of, 118
* Prevost, M., on cuckoos, 53
* Priestley, Dr., on lightning-tubes, 59
* Procellaria gigantea, habits of, 289
* Proctotretus, 97
* Proteus, blindness of, 52
* Protococcus nivalis, 322
* Pteroptochos, two species of, 270
* ——————, species of, 278, 288
* Pueute del Inca, 334, 356
* Puffinus cinercus, 290
* Puffinuria Berardii, 291
* Puma, habits of, 136, 183, 269
* ——, flesh of, 117
* Puna, or short respiration, 322
* Punta Alta, Bahia Blauca, 81
* —— Gorda, 129, 356
* Pyrophorus luminosiis, 31
* Quadrupeds, fossil, 81, 127, 130, 155, 173
* —————, large, do not require luxuriant vegetation, 85
* —————, weight of, 87
* Quartz of the Ventana, 109
* ——— of Tapalguen, 116
* ——— of Falkland Island, 196
* Quedius, 10
* Quillota, valley of, 254
* Quintero, 254
* Quiriquina Island, 302 ​
* Quoy and Gaimard on stinging corals, 464
* ————————— on coral-reefs, 476
* Rabbit, wild, at the Falkland Islands, 193
* Rain at Coquimbo, 338, 347, 348
* —— at Rio, 29
* —— and earthquakes, 351
* —— in Peru, 364, 365
* —— in Chile, formerly more abundant, 357
* ——————, effects on vegetation, 338
* Rana Mascariensis, 382
* Rat, only aboriginal animal of New Zealand, 427
* Rats at Galapagos, 378
* —— at Ascension, 492
* —— at Keeling Island, 456
* Rattle-snake, species with allied habit, 97
* Red snow, 322
* Reduvius, 330
* Reef at Pernambuco of sandstone, 498
Reefs of coral, 465 to 482
* ———, Barrier, 469, 476
* ———, Fringing, 472
Reeks, Mr., analysis of salt, 66
* —————————— bones, 155
* —————————— salt and shells, 370
* Remains, human elevated, 370
* Remedies of the Gauchos, 128
* Rengger on the horse, 233
* Reptiles absent in Tierra del Fuego, 237
* ——— at Galapagos, 381
* Respiration difficult in Andes, 322
* Retrospect, 50
* Revolutions at Buenos Ayres, 140
* Rhinoceroses live in desert countries, 86
* ——————, frozen, 89, 250
* Rhynchops nigra, 137
* Richardson, Dr., on mice of North America, 378
* ———————, on polished rocks, 251
* ———————, on frozen soil, 88, 248
* ———————, on eating fat, 117
* Richardson, Dr., on geographical distribution, 131
* Rimsky atoll, 466
* Rio de Janeiro, 19
* ——— Plata, 39
* ——— Negro, 63, 149
* ——— Colorado, 70
* ——— S. Cruz, 177
* ——— Sauce, 106
* ——— Salado, 118
* Rivers, power of, in wearing channels, 180, 320
* River-bed, arched, 358
* River-courses dry in America, 107
* Rocks burnished with ferruginous matter, 12
* Rodents, number of in America, 49, 179
* ———, fossil species of, 82
* Rosas, General, 71, 103, 140
* Ruins of Callao, 369
* ——— of Indian buildings in Cordillera, 356, 368
* S. Cruz, 177
* Salado, Rio, 118
* Salinas at the Galapagos Archipelago, 377
* ——— in Patagonia, 65, 170
* Saline efflorescences, 78
* Salt with vegetable food, 110
* ——, superficial crust of, 364
* ——, with elevated shells, 369
* Salt-lakes, 65, 170, 377
* Sandwich Archipelago, no frogs at, 382
* ———— Land, 248
* San Pedro, forests of, 281
* Sand-dunes, 75
* Sand, hot from sun's rays, at Galapagos Archipelago, 377
* ——, noise from friction of, 361
* Sandstone of New South Wales, 437
* —————, reef of, 498
* Santa Cruz, river of, 177
* Santiago, Chile, 262
* Sarmiento, Mount, 233, 241
* Sauce, Rio, 106
* Saurophagus sulphureus, 54
* Scarus eating corals, 464
* Scelidotherium, 82
* Scenery of Andes, 318
* Scissor-tail, 138
* Scissor-beak, habits of, 137 ​
* Scorpions, cannibals, 165
* Scoresby, Mr., on effects of snow on rocks, 318
* Scrope, Mr., on earthquakes, 352
* Scytalopus fuscus, 237, 289
* Sea, open, inhabitants of, 162
* ——, phosphorescence of, 162
* ——, distant noise of, 29.5
* Sea-pen. habits of, 99, 202
* Sea-weed, growth of, 239
* Seals, number of, 284
* Seeds transported by sea, 392, 454
* Serpulæ, protecting reef, 498
* Shark killed by Diodon, 14
* Shaw, Dr., on lion's flesh, 116
* Sheep, infected, 436
* Shelley, lines on Mont Blanc, 168
* Shells, land, in great numbers, 347
* —————, at St. Helena, 488
* Shells, fossil, of Cordillera, 321
* ——— of Galapagos, 390
* ——— elevated, 83, 130, 171, 254, 344, 369
* ———, tropical forms of, far south, 243
* ———, decomposition of, with salt, 369
* Shepherd's dogs, 149
* Shingle-bed of Patagonia, 75, 171
* Siberia compared with Patagonia, 67
* ———, zoology of, related to North America, 132
* Siberian animals, how preserved in ice, 250
* ———————, food necessary during their existence, 89
* Silicified trees, 333, 353
* Silurian formations at Falkland Islands, 196
* Silurus, habits of, 136
* Skunks, 80
* Slavery, 20, 24, 499
* Smelling power of carrion-hawks, 184
* Smith, Dr. Andrew, on the support of large quadrupeds, 85
* ————————, on perforated pebbles, 149
* Snake, venomous, 96
* Snow-line on Cordillera, 244, 322, 325
* Snow, effects of on rocks, 318
* ——, prismatic structure of, 325
* ——, red, 322
* Society, state of in La Plata, 41, 157
* Society, state of, in Australia, 443
* ——— Archipelago, 402
* ———, volcanic phenomena at, 475, 481
* Soda, nitrate of, 362
* ——, sulphate of, 78
* Soil, frozen, 88, 248
* Spawn on surface of sea, 17
* Species, distribution of, 131, 363
* ———, extinction of, 174
* Spiders, habits of, 35–38
* ———, gossamer, 159
* ——— killed by and killing wasps, 35 to 37
* ——— on Keeling Island, 456
* ——— on St. Paul's, 10
* Springs, hot, 263
* Stevenson, Mr., on growth of seaweed, 239
* Stinging animals, 464
* St. Helena, 486
* —————, introduction of spirits into, 412
* ————— Fé, 129
* ————— Jago, C. Verds, 1
* —————, unhealthiness of, 366
* ————— Jago, Chile, 262
* ————— Maria, elevated, 307, 310
* ————— Paul's rocks, 8
* Stones perforated, 149, 267
* ——— transported in roots, 461
* Storm, 217, 281
* ——— in Cordillera, 324, 360
* Streams of stones at Falkland Islands, 197
* Strongylus, 32
* Struthio Rhea. 4.3, 89
* ——— Darwinii, 92
* Strzelecki, Count, 448
* Suadiva atoll, 466
* Subsidence of coral reefs, 467 to 482
* ————— of Keeling Island, 475
* ————— of Patagonia, 172
* ————— of coast of Peru, 369
* ————— of Cordillera, 321, 333
* ————— of Coasts of Chile, 344
* ————— of Vanikoro, 475
* ————— of coral reefs great in amount, 479
* —————, cause of distinctness in Tertiary epochs, 344
* Sulphate of lime, 66, 171, 369
* ————— soda incrusting the ground, 78 ​
* Sulphate of soda with common salt, 66, 369
* Swainson, Mr., on cuckoos, 53
* Sydney, 431
* Tabanus, 170
* Tahiti (Otaheite), 403
* ———, three zones of fertility, 406
* Talcahuano, 302
* Tambillos, Ruinas de, 356
* Tameness of birds, 398
* Tapacolo and Turco, 270
* Tapalguen, Sierra, flat hills of quartz, 116
* Tarn, Mount, 234
* Tasmania, 446
* Tattooing, 404, 426
* Temperance of the Tahitians, 411
* Temperature of Tierra del Fuego and Falkland Islands, 242
* —————— of Galapagos, 373, 377
* Tercero, Rio, fossils in banks of, 127
* Terraces in valleys of Cordillera, 315
* ———— of Coquimbo, 343
* ———— of Patagonia, 172, 181
* Tertiary formations of the Pampas, 81, 129, 155
* ———————— of Patagonia,170, 329
* ———————— in Chile, epochs of, 344
* Teru-tero, habits of, 114
* Testudo, habits of, 382, 394
* Theory of lagoon-islands, 472
* Theristicus, 165
* Thistle beds, 119, 124, 148
* Thunder-storms, 62
* Tierra del Fuego, 204 to 251
* ————————, climate and vegetation of, 242
* ————————, zoology of, 236
* ————————, entomology of, 238
* Tinamus rufescens, 113
* Tinochorus Eschscholtzii, 94
* Toad, habits of, 97
* —— not found in oceanic islands, 381
* Torrents in Cordillera, 316, 321
* Tortoise, habits of, 382, 394
* Toxodon, 82, 127, 130, 155
* Transparency of air in Andes, 325
* —————— in St. Jago, 4
* Transport of seeds, 392, 454
* ———— of boulders, 187, 247
* Transport of stones in roots of trees, 461
* ———— of fragments of rock on banks of the St. Cruz river, 180
* Travertin with leaves of trees, Van Diemen's Land, 448
* Tree-ferns, southern limits of, 244
* —————, 448
* Trees, absence of, in Pampas, 46
* ———, floating, transport stones, 461
* ——— silicified, vertical, 332
* ——————, size of, 353
* ———, time required to rot, 301
* Tres Montes, 282
* Trichodesmium, 14
* Trigonocephalus, 96
* Tristan d'Acunha, 399, 456
* Trochilus, 271
* Tropical scenery, 405
* Tschudi, M., on subsidence, 369
* Tubes, siliceous, formed by lightning, 59
* Tucutuco, habits of, 50
* ————, fossil species of, 82
* Tuff, craters of, 373
* ——, Infusoria in, 494
* Tupungato, volcano of, 324
* Turco, El, 270
* Turkey buzzard. 58, 184, 284
* Turtle, manner of catching, 459
* Type of organization in Galapagos islands, American, 393
* Types of organization in different countries, constant, 173
* Tyranuus, 138
* Ulloa on hydrophobia, 353
* —— on Indian buildings, 357
* Unanùe, Dr., on hydrophobia, 353
* Uruguay, Rio, 139, 147
* ——————, not crossed by the Bizcacha, 124
* Uspallata range and pass, 331
* Vacas, Rio, 333
* Valdivia, 297
* ————, forests of, 298, 301
* Valley of St. Cruz, how excavated, 181
* ———, dry, at Copiapó, 355
* Valleys, excavation of, in Chile, 315, 355
* ——— of Tahiti, 408, 412
* ——— in Cordillera, 315 ​
* Valleys of New South Wales, 437
* Valparaiso, 252, 313
* Vampire bat, 22
* Vapour from forests, 24
* Van Diemen's Land, 446
* Vanellus Cajanus, 114
* Vanessa, flocks of, 158
* Vanikoro, 469, 471, 475
* Vegetation of St. Helena, changes of, 489
* ————— on opposite sides of Cordillera, 326
* ————— luxuriant, not necessary to support large animals, 85
* Ventana, Sierra, 107
* Verbena melindres, 40
* Villa Vicencio, 331
* Virgularia Patagonica, 99, 202
* Volcanic bombs, 493
* ———— islands, 8
* ———— phenomena, 311
* Volcanos near Chiloe, 273, 275, 291, 310
* ————, their presence determined by elevation or subsidence, 480
* Vulturaura, 58, 184, 284
* Waders, first colonists of distant islands, 380
* Waimate, New Zealand, 421
* Walckenaer on spiders, 38
* Walleechu tree, 68
* Wasps preying on spiders and killed by, 35—38
* Water-hog, 49
* Water, sold at Iquique, 362
* ———, fresh, floating on salt, 39, 458
* Waterhouse, Mr., on Rodents, 49, 378
* ——————— on the Niata ox. 146
* ——————— on the insects of Tierra del Fuego, 238
* —————————————— of Galalagos, 381, 392
* Waves, caused by fall of ice, 224, 246
* ——— from earthquakes, 305, 309
* Weather, connection with earthquakes, 351
* Weather-board, N.S. Wales, 437
* Weeds in New Zealand, imported, 392, 428
* Weight of large quadrupeds, 87
* Wellington, Mount, 448
* Wells, ebbing and flowing, 458
* —— at Iquique, 364
* West Indies, banks of, 439
* —————, coral reefs of, 472, 480
* —————, zoology of, 132
* Whales, oil from, 17
* ——— leaping out of water, 223
* White, Mr., on spiders, 35
* Wigwams of Fuegians, 212
* Williams, Rev., on infectious disorders, 435
* Winds, dry, in Tierra del Fuego, 231
* ——— at the Cape Verds, 3
* ———, cold, on Cordillera, 360
* ——— on Cordillera, 323
* Winter's Bark, 235, 281
* Wolf at the Falklands, 193
* Wood, Capt., on the Agouti, 70
* Woollya, 221
* Yaquil, 265
* Yeso, Valle del, 319
* York Minster, 208
* Zonotrichia, 52
* Zoological provinces of N. and S. America, 131
* Zoology of Galapagos, 377
* ——— of Keeling Island, 456
* ——— of Tierra del Fuego, 23G
* ——— of Chonos Islands, 287
* ——— of St. Helena, 490
* Zoophytes, 99
* ————— at Falkland Islands, 201
* Zorillo, or skunk, 80
THE END.
LONDON WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS. STAMF0RD STREET.