OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Baronsdale, William

​BARONSDALE, WILLIAM (d. 1608), physician, was born in Gloucestershire, probably about 1530–40. He was educated at St. John's College, Cambridge, being admitted a scholar 5 Nov. 1551, and took his first degree B.A. in 1554–5, that of M.A. 1556, and that of M.D. in 1568. He was a senior fellow and bursar of his college, and twice held the lectureship on medicine founded by Linacre, being elected to the office first on 10 Jan. 1561–2, and again 26 May 1564. Proceeding to London, he was elected a fellow of the College of Physicians, though in what year is not recorded; and afterwards held the offices of counsellor in 1588, 1600, 1602, and 1604; censor from 1581 to 1585; and treasurer in 1583 (being the first fellow appointed to this newly founded office), 1604, 1605, and 1607. Further, he was president of the college for eleven successive years, from 1589 to 1600.
Nothing is known of this physician beyond his official connection with the London college, showing him to have been an important man in his day.
J. F. P.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Barraud, Henry

​BARRAUD, HENRY (1811–1874), portrait and subject painter, was born in 1811. Like his elder brother, William Barraud, he excelled in painting animals, but his works were chiefly portraits, with horses and dogs, and subject pictures, such as ‘The Pope blessing the Animals’ (painted in 1842), many of which were executed in conjunction with his brother. He exhibited at the Royal Academy from 1833 to 1859, and at the British Institution and Society of British Artists between the years 1831 and 1868. His most popular works were: ‘We praise Thee, O God;’ ‘The London Season,’ a scene in Hyde Park; ‘Lord's Cricket Ground;’ and ‘The Lobby of the House of Commons,’ painted in 1872, all of which have been engraved or autotyped. He died in London on 17 June 1874, in his sixty-fourth year.
[Redgrave's Dictionary of Artists, 1878.]
R. E. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Barralet, John James

​BARRALET, JOHN JAMES (d. 1812), water-colour painter, of French extraction, was born in Ireland. He was a student in the Dublin Academy, and worked under Manning. He settled in Dublin after going through the schools, and was in vogue as a teacher. He was made a member of the London Society of Artists, and exhibited occasionally at the Royal Academy. In 1774 he received a premium from the Society of Arts for a picture, ‘A View on the Thames.’ In 1795 he emigrated to Philadelphia. His morals suffered, it is said, in the new country. His chief employment whilst there was in book illustrations. He made drawings for Grose's ‘Antiquities of Ireland,’ and Conyngham's ‘Irish Antiquities.’ His works were engraved by Bartolozzi, Grignion, and others. In the British Museum a good drawing by Barralet is preserved, signed 1786, of a ruined bridge in Ireland. The composition is good, the manner of painting flat and old-fashioned; there is considerable vitality, if no very literal truth, in the figures which enliven it. He ‘painted figures, landscape, and flowers. His landscape drawings in chalk, in which he affected to imitate Vernet, were much admired. He afterwards became a stainer of glass.’ South Kensington shows examples of his work.
E. R.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Baron, Stephen

​BARON, STEPHEN (d. 1520?), a Franciscan friar of the Strict Observance, was educated in the university of Cambridge, where he acquired fame as a preacher. He became confessor to King Henry VIII, and provincial of his order in England. He died soon after 1520. His works are : 1. ‘Sermones Declamati corā alma vniuersitate Cātibrigiēsi per venerandum patrem fratrem Stephanum baronē fratrum minorū de obseruātia nūcupatorū regni Anglie prouincialē vicariū ac confessorē regiū Impressi lōdonijs per wynandū de worde (ī the fletestrete) ad signum solis moram trahētem,’ n. d., square 8vo., It is printed in double columns, black letter. 2. ‘Incipit tractatulus eiusdem venerādi patris De regimine principū ad serenissimum regē anglie henricū octauum. Impressus lōdonijs,’ &c. as in the preceding work, to which it was undoubtedly intended to be an appendix. It is dedicated to King Henry VIII.
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Barons, William

​BARONS, or BARNES, WILLIAM (d. 1505), bishop of London and master of the rolls, about whom singularly little is known, appears to have been educated at Oxford, where he took the degree of LL.D., but in what college or hall he studied has not been ascertained. Neither is it known when he took orders; but he was already a conspicuous man when, in 1500, on the vacancy of the see of Canterbury, he became commissary of the chapter and of the prerogative court. That same year he obtained the livings of East Peckham in Kent, and of Beaconsfield in Buckinghamshire; in 1501 that of Gedney in Lincolnshire; in 1502 that of Bosworth in Leicestershire; and in 1503 that of Tharfield in the archdeaconry of Huntingdon.
In 1501, at the marriage of Prince Arthur and Katharine of Arragon, when the banns were asked in St. Paul's, it was arranged that the king's secretary should ‘object openly in Latin against the said marriage,’ alleging reasons why it could not be lawful, and that he should be answered in the same language by Dr. Barons, who was to produce the dispensation (Gairdner's Letters and Papers of Richard III and Henry VII, i. 414). This programme was no doubt followed. Barons was evidently in high favour, and was made master of the rolls on 1 Feb. following (1502). On 24 Jan. 1503 he assisted in laying the first stone of Henry VII's chapel at Westminster. On 20 June following he was appointed one of the commissioners for the new treaty with Ferdinand for Katharine's second marriage. On 2 Aug. 1504 he was appointed by papal provision bishop of London on Warham's translation to Canterbury, Henry VII having written to the pope in his favour on 8 July preceding. He received the temporalities on 13 Nov., and gave up his office of master of the rolls the same day. He was consecrated on 26 Nov. But he enjoyed the bishopric scarcely a whole year, for he died on 9 or 10 Oct. 1505.
J. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Barowe, Thomas

​BAROWE, or BARROW, THOMAS (d. 1497?), ecclesiastic and judge, was rector of Olney in Buckinghamshire, and was appointed to a prebend in St. Stephen's Chapel in the palace of Westminster in July 1483, shortly after the accession of Richard III, and in September of the same year to the master​ship of the rolls, in succession to Robert Morton, who was dismissed on suspicion of complicity in the intrigues of his brother John, bishop of Ely. In December 1483 Barowe received the turn, i.e. two pipes, of wine, which it thenceforth became the custom to grant to each new master of the rolls on his appointment. On 29 July Barowe was appointed keeper of the great seal, which the lord chancellor, Bishop Russell, had been compelled to surrender; but on the 22nd of the following month, after the defeat and death of Richard at Bosworth, he delivered it up to Henry VII, who appears to have retained it in his own possession until 6 March 1486, when he delivered it to John Alcock. Barowe was permitted to retain his prebend, and also a mastership in chancery which he had received from Richard III, but not the mastership of the rolls, Robert Morton resuming possession of that office without a new patent. Barowe is last mentioned as acting in the capacity of receiver of petitions in the parliament of 1496.
J. M. R.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/B/Beaumont, Saunter De

Beaumont, Saunter De, a French author, wrote a letter on ancient and modern music, Paris, 1743.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/B/Beche

Beche. There were several brothers of this name, musicians to the King of France, about 1750; one of them assisted in editing the solfeggi of Italy.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/B/Beck, C. F

Beck, C. F. A pianist and composer in Germany, in the latter part of the eighteenth century.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/B/Beaujoyeux de -

Beaujoyeux de -. See BALTAZARINI.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/B/Becarre

Becarre. (F.) The sign [natural], or natural.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/B/Beck, Francois

Beck, Francois. An eminent compose] at Bourdeaux. His "Stabat Mater" was performed at Paris in 1783, and highly applauded. He died in 1809, at an advanced age. Four operas b3 Beck, each consisting of six symphonies, wen published at Paris about the year 1776.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/B/Becker, D

Becker, D. Violinist and instrumental composer at Hamburg in 1668.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/B/Becker, Fred. Aug

Becker, Fred. Aug. Composer of vocal music at Frankfort in 1775.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/B/Beaumesnil, Mlle

Beaumesnil, Mlle., composed the operetta "Les Legislatrices," at Paris, in 1786. Died there in 1813.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/B/Becken

Becken. An ancient musical instrument much used by the Turks on festive occasions.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Carroll, Anthony

​CARROLL, ANTHONY (1722–1794), jesuit, born in Ireland on 16 Sept. 1722, entered the Society of Jesus at Watten, near St. Omer, in 1744, and was professed of the four vows in 1762. He had been sent to the English mission about 1754, and for some time he was stationed at Lincoln. After the suppression of the order in 1773 he accompanied his cousin, Father John Carroll (afterwards the first archbishop of Baltimore), to Maryland. Returning to England in 1775, he served the missions of Liverpool, Shepton Mallet, Exeter, and Worcester. On 5 Sept. 1794 he was knocked down and robbed in Red Lion Court, Fleet Street, London, and carried speechless to St. Bartholomew's Hospital, where he died at one o'clock the following morning. He translated some of Bourdaloue's sermons under the title of ‘Practical Divinity,’ 4 vols., London, 1776, 8vo.
[Foley's Records, vii. 117; Gent. Mag. lxiv. (ii.) 1055; Oliver's Jesuit Collections, 239; Oliver's Catholic Religion in Cornwall, 259; Backer's Bibl. des Écrivains de la Compagnie de Jésus (1869), 1095.]
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Carre, Walter Riddell

​CARRE, WALTER RIDDELL (1807–1874), topographer, was descended from the old family of Riddell of Riddell, in the county of Roxburgh, immortalised by Scott in the ‘Lay of the Last Minstrel’ as ‘ancient Riddell's fair domains.’ He was the second son of Thomas Riddell of Carnieston, and was born at Edinburgh on 4 Aug. 1807. After completing his education at the high school of Edinburgh, he entered a mercantile house in London, where he remained till 1848, when he took up his residence in Hertfordshire. Some years afterwards he succeeded by the will of his uncle, Admiral Robert Riddell Carre, to the estate of Cavers Carre in Roxburghshire, when he assumed the additional surname and arms of Carre. From this time he devoted much of his attention to researches into family and county records, and the biography of ‘worthies’ connected with the Borders, giving the result of his studies occasionally in popular lectures, and in contributions to the newspapers and to ‘Notes and Queries.’ He also took an active interest in various Border societies. He was a justice of the peace and a commissioner of supply for the county of Roxburgh. He died in December 1874. He was the author of ‘Border Memories; or, Sketches of Prominent Men and Women of the Border,’ published posthumously in 1876, with a biographical sketch by James Tait.
[Tait's Memoir, as above.]
T. F. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Carr, William Holwell

​CARR, WILLIAM HOLWELL (1758–1830), art connoisseur, was the son of Edward Holwell, apothecary of Exeter, who died at Exmouth on 28 March 1793, aged 66, by his wife, Isabella Newte. He was born at Exeter in 1758, and baptised at St. Martin's Church in that city on 4 April 1759, receiving the christian name of William after his uncle, the Rev. William Holwell, vicar of Thornbury, Gloucestershire, and prebendary of Exeter. He matriculated at Exeter College on 2 March 1776, and was elected to a Petreian fellowship on 30 June 1778. His degrees were: B.A. 1783, M.A. 1784, B.D. 1790. While holding his fellowship he obtained leave to travel abroad (30 April 1781), and it was during this foreign tour that he began to form his collection of pictures. The rich benefice of Menheniot in Cornwall became vacant in November 1791, and Holwell was instituted on 13 Jan. 1792, but he never resided at his living, and was said to have taken orders with the object of accepting this preferment. A year after his institution (14 Jan. 1793) he resigned his fellowship. On 18 May 1797 he married in London Lady Charlotte Hay, eldest daughter of James, earl of Errol, by Isabella, daughter of Sir William Carr of Etal, Northumberland, and in 1798 the estate of Etal became her property. She thereupon (20 Nov. 1798) obtained royal authority for herself, her husband, and her male issue, to take the name and arms of Carr, but she died in London on 9 Feb. 1801, three days after the birth of her only child, William Carr. A protracted lawsuit took place over the estate of Etal, but a settlement, mainly in favour of the rights of her husband and their child, was ultimately effected, and lasted until the death of the child at Ramsgate on 15 Sept. 1806. Holwell Carr died in Devonshire Place, London, on 24 Dec. 1830, and was buried at Withycombe Raleigh, near Exmouth. Throughout his life he was a patron and connoisseur of the arts. From 1797 to 1820 he exhibited at the Royal Academy, as an honorary exhibitor, landscape views of his own painting. His collection of pictures, principally of the Italian school, he left to the nation with the stipulation that a proper gallery should be provided for them. To Exeter College he gave in 1785 a picture, painted by himself, of Sir William Petre, and to the college library he presented the editio princeps of Homer, printed at Florence in 1488. He left 500l. to Menheniot parish for the education of twelve boys and girls as a memorial of his wife. In the church of that parish are monuments for himself and his wife.
[Gent. Mag. p. 370, 1831; Boase's Reg. of Exeter Coll. pp. lxv, 111–12, 200, 215; Parochial History of Cornwall (1870), iii. 313–14; Redgrave's Dict. of Artists, 1878, p. 71; Miscell. Geneal. et Herald, ii. 416–17.]
W. P. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Carrick, John Donald

​CARRICK, JOHN DONALD (1787–1837), song writer and journalist, was born ​at Glasgow in April 1787; his father was originally of Buchlyvie, Stirlingshire (‘Biographical Sketch’ to Carrick's Laird of Logan, p. ix). Carrick was early put into the office of Nicholson, a Glasgow architect, which office he left about 1805 for a clerkship in a counting-house (ib. x). In 1807 he ran away, and walked to London, where a Scotch tradesman gave him a trial as shopboy. In 1809 he obtained employment with Spodes & Co., potters in Staffordshire, who had extensive warehouses in London; and with them he acquired sufficient knowledge of china to return to Glasgow, 1811, and set up business in Hutcheson Street. There he also took to writing, producing several humorous Scotch songs, and his ‘Life of Wallace’ for the young; but in 1825 a prolonged litigation led to his insolvency. As agent to manufacturers he subsequently visited the highlands, and acquired the Gaelic language. On returning to Glasgow in 1828 he was engaged as sub-editor of the ‘Scots Times;’ contributed articles to the ‘Day,’ a Glasgow daily paper, which lasted only six months; and produced, 1830, his extended ‘Life of Sir William Wallace of Elderslie,’ 2 vols., this forming vols. liii. and liv. of Constable's ‘Miscellany.’ In 1832 he edited and partly wrote ‘Whistle-Binkie, or the Piper of the Party,’ a collection of humorous songs. In 1833 he accepted the full editorship of the ‘Perth Advertiser,’ but quarrelled with the managing committee in a year, and in February 1834 started the ‘Kilmarnock Journal.’ Carrick again fell out with the proprietors, and was attacked by paralysis of the mouth; in 1835 he returned to Glasgow, his health completely shattered. He edited and contributed to the ‘Laird of Logan,’ a collection of Scotch tales and witticism, which appeared in 1835. From Rothesay he contributed some papers to the ‘Scottish Monthly Magazine,’ and announced a new work, ‘Tales of the Bannock Men;’ but he died 17 Aug. 1837, aged 50. A comedy was left by him in manuscript, with the title ‘Logan House, or the Laird at Home.’ A new edition of the ‘Laird of Logan,’ accompanied by an anonymous ‘Biographical Sketch,’ came out in 1841; and ‘Whistle-Binkie’ has appeared in numerous issues in 1838, 1839, 1842, 1845, 1843, 1853, and as late as 1878, much enlarged.
[Biographical Sketch to the Laird of Logan, ed. 1841. pp. 9–12, 14, 20–23, 26, 27; Preface to Carrick's Life of Sir William Wallace of Elderslie, ed. 1830, p. vi.]
J. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Carrington, Frederick George

​CARRINGTON, FREDERICK GEORGE (1816–1864), journalist, was the third son of Noel Thomas Carrington [q. v.], and was about fourteen years of age at the time of his father's death. He was placed under the protection of his eldest brother, Mr. Henry E. Carrington, the proprietor of the ‘Bath Chronicle,’ and devoted the literary talent of which he showed early promise to journalistic literature. He was principally engaged in contributions to the West of England journals, such as the ‘Bath Chronicle,’ ‘Felix Farley's Bristol Journal,’ the ‘Cornwall Gazette,’ the ‘West of England Conservative,’ the ‘Bristol Mirror,’ the ‘Gloucester Journal,’ and the ‘Gloucestershire Chronicle.’ He was for several years both editor and proprietor of the last-named paper. He also contributed to various magazines, and wrote treatises on ‘Architecture’ and ‘Painting’ for the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. To the eighth edition of the ‘Encyclopædia Britannica’ he supplied the topographical descriptions of Gloucestershire and other counties. He died at Gloucester on 1 Feb. 1864, aged forty-seven, and was buried in the cemetery at that place. He left a wife and six children.
[Gent. Mag. 1864, xvi. (3rd ser.) 535; Gloucestershire Chronicle, 6 Feb. 1864.]
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Carrington, Codrington Edmund

1904 Errata appended.
​CARRINGTON, Sir CODRINGTON EDMUND (1769–1849), chief justice of Ceylon, was descended from an old Norman family, one of whom, Sir Michel de Carrington, was standard-bearer to Richard Cœur-de-Lion. The family at an early period settled at Carrington in Cheshire, but a branch afterwards emigrated to Barbadoes. Codrington was the son of Codrington Carrington, of the Blackmoor estate in that island, and the eldest daughter of the Rev. Edmund Morris, rector of Nutshalling, the friend of Lady Hervey, and was born at Longwood, Hampshire, on 22 Oct. 1769. He was educated at Winchester school and called to the bar at the Middle Temple on 10 Feb. 1792. In the same year he went to India, where, being admitted an advocate of the supreme court of judicature, he for some time acted at Calcutta as junior counsel to the East India Company, and made the acquaintance of Sir William Jones. He returned on account of his health in 1799, and in 1800, while in England, he was called upon to prepare the code of laws for the island of Ceylon, and shortly afterwards was appointed the first chief justice of the supreme court of judicature thereby created, the honour of knighthood having been conferred on him before he embarked on his outward voyage. In 1806 he was compelled from ill-health to resign his office, and for the same reason had to decline other important colonial appointments. Having purchased an estate in Buckinghamshire, he became a magistrate and deputy-lieutenant of that county, where he acted for many years as chairman of the quarter sessions. He was created D.C.L. and elected F.R.S., F.S.A., and honorary member of the Société Française Statistique Universelle. On the occasion of the Manchester riots he published in 1819 an ‘ Inquiry into the Law relative to Public Assemblies of the People,’ and he was also the author of a ‘Letter to the Marquis of Buckingham on the Condition of Prisons,’ 1819, and other smaller pamphlets. In June 1826 he was elected tory M.P. for St. Mawes, which he continued to represent till 1831. During his last years he resided chiefly at St. Helier's, Jersey. He died at Exmouth on 28 Nov. 1849.
[Annual Register for 1850 (xc.), pp. 196–7; information from the family; Gent. Mag. 1850, ii. 92–3; Brit. Mus. Catalogue.]
T. F. H.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.56 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
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# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Carter, John (1815-1850)

​CARTER, JOHN (1815–1850), a silk-weaver, who, having lost by accident the power of using hands, learned the art of drawing by holding the pencil or brush in his mouth, was born of humble parents at Coggeshall, in the coumty of Essex, on 31 July 1815. After attending the dame's school and the national school of the village, he was sent in his thirteenth year to an endowed school, where he remained two years. Here he gave some evidence of his remarkable artistic gifts by a tendency to scribble figures on his desk or copybook instead of doing his lessons; but, on account of untoward circumstances, his gifts were not developed further.
On leaving school he was apprenticed to a silk- weaver, and after his marriage in 1835 pursued the business on his own account. In May 1836, while climbing a tree in search of birds, he fell forty feet to the ground, receiving such serious injury to the spine as to deprive him of nearly all power of muscular motion below the neck. Having accidentally learned that a young woman who had lost the use of her hands had learned to draw with her mouth, he resolved if possible to turn his artistic gifts to account in a similar way. By dogged perseverance he mastered all the technicalities of drawing without personal instruction, and acquired such proficiency as would have done credit to him even had he possessed the use of his hands. He devoted himself chiefly to line-drawing, and, by holding the pencil or brush between his teeth, was able to produce the most accurate and delicate strokes. With the help of an attendant to supply his materials, he produced drawings of great beauty and of thorough artistic finish in every detail.
On 21 May 1850 the small carriage in which he was drawn was accidentally overturned, and his system received so severe a shock that he never recovered, dying on 4 June following. The Rev. W. J. Dampier, vicar of Coggeshall, published a memoir in 1850 (reissued in 1875). A list of eighty-seven of Carter's drawings is given, with the names of the owners. They include drawings after Albert Durer, Raphael, Rembrandt, Vandyke, and Landseer. They resemble line-engravings and, as Mr. Richmond tells the author of the book, the power of imitation is most extraordinary.
[Dampier's Memoir; Life by F. W. Mills, 1868.]
T. F. H.