# Orlando Furioso (Rose)/Canto 16

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THE ORLANDO FURIOSO.
CANTO XVI.
ARGUMENT.
Gryphon finds traiterous Origilla nigh Damascus city, with Mariano vile. Slaughtered the Saracens and Christians lie By thousands and by thousands heaped this while; And if the Moors outside of Paris die, Within the Sarzan so destroys each pile, Such slaughter deals, that greater ill than this Never before has been exprest, I wiss.
THE ORLANDO FURIOSO.
CANTO XVI.
I.
Love’s penalties are manifold and dread: Of which I have endured the greater part, And, to my cost, in these so well am read, That I can speak of them as ’twere my art. Hence if I say, or if I ever said, (Did speech or living page my thoughts impart) ‘One ill is grievous and another light,’ Yield me belief, and deem my judgment right.
II.
I say, I said, and, while I live, will say, ‘He, who is fettered by a worthy chain, ‘Though his desire his lady should gainsay, ‘And, every way averse, his suit disdain; ‘Though Love deprive him of all promised pay, ‘After long time and trouble spent in vain, ‘He, if his heart be placed well-worthily, ‘Needs not lament though he should waste and die.’
III.
Let him lament, who plays a slavish part, Whom two bright eyes and lovely tresses please; Beneath which beauties lurks a wanton heart With little that is pure, and much of lees. The wretch would fly; but bears in him a dart, Like wounded stag, whichever way he flees; Dares not confess, yet cannot quench, his flame, And of himself and worthless love has shame.
IV.
The youthful Gryphon finds him in this case, Who sees the error which he cannot right; He sees how vilely he his heart does place On faithless Origille, his vain delight: Yet evil use doth sovereign reason chase, And free-will is subdued by appetite. Though a foul mind the lady’s actions speak, Her, wheresoe’er she is, must Gryphon seek.
V.
Resuming the fair history, I say, Out of the city he in secret rode; Nor to his brother would his plan bewray, Who oft on him had vain reproof bestowed: But to the left t’wards Ramah shaped his way, By the most level and most easy road. Him six days’ journey to Damascus brought, Whence, setting out anew, he Antioch sought.
VI.
He nigh Damascus met the lover, who Perfidious Origilla’s heart possest, And matched in evil customs were the two, Like stalk and flower: for that in either’s breast Was lodged a fickle heart; the dame untrue, And he a traitor whom she loved the best. While both the lovers hid their nature base, To others’ cost, beneath a courteous face.
VII.
As I relate to you, the cavalier Came on huge courser, trapped with mickle pride; With faithless Origille, in gorgeous gear, With gold embroidered, and with azure dyed. Two ready knaves, who serve the warrior, rear The knightly helm and buckler at his side; As one who with fair pomp and semblance went Towards Damascus, to a tournament.
VIII.
Damascus’ king a splendid festival Had in these days bid solemnly proclaim; And with what pomp they could, upon his call, Thither, in shining arms, the champions came. At Gryphon’s sight the harlot’s spirits fall, Who fears that he will work her scathe and shame; And knows her lover has not force and breath To save her from Sir Gryphon, threatening death:
IX.
But like most cunning and audacious quean, Although she quakes from head to foot with fear, Her voice so strengthens, and so shapes her mien, That in her face no signs of dread appear. Having already made her leman ween The trick devised, she feigns a joyous cheer, Towards Sir Gryphon goes, and for long space Hangs on his neck, fast-locked in her embrace.
X.
She, after suiting with much suavity The action to the word, sore-weeping, cried: “Dear lord, is this the guerdon due to me, “For love and worship? that I should abide “Alone, one live-long year, deprived of thee, “—A second near—and, yet upon thy side “No grief?—and had I borne for thee to stay, “I know not if I should have seen that day.
XI.
“When I from Nicosià thee expected “(When thou wast journeying to the plenar court) “To cheer me,—left with fever sore infected, “And in the dread of death,—I heard report “That thou wast gone to Syria; and dejected “By that ill tiding, suffered in such sort, “I, all unable to pursue thy quest, “Had nigh with this right-hand transfixt my breast.
XII.
“But Fortune, by her double bounty, shows “She guards me more than thou: me to convey “She sent my brother here, who with me goes, “My honour safe in his protecting stay; “And this encounter with thee now bestows, “Which I above all other blessings weigh, “And in good time; for hadst thou longer stayed, “My lord, I should have died of hope delayed.”
XIII.
The wicked woman, full of subtlety (Worse than a fox in crafty hardihood) Pursues, and so well shapes her history, She wholly throws the blame on Gryphon good; Makes him believe that other not to be Her kin alone, but of her flesh and blood, Got by one father;—and so puts upon The knight, that he less credits Luke and John.
XIV.
Nor he the fraud of her, more false than fair, Only forbore with just reproach to pay; Nor only did the threatened stranger spare, Who was the lover of that lady gay; But deemed to excuse himself sufficient were, Turning some portion of the blame away; And as the real brother she profest, Unceasingly the lady’s knight carest;
XV.
And to Damascus, with the cavalier Returned, who to Sir Gryphon made report, ‘That Syria’s wealthy king, with sumptuous cheer, ‘Within that place would hold a splendid court; ‘And who, baptized or infidel, appear ‘There at his tourney (of whatever sort), ‘Within the city and without, assures ‘From wrong, for all the time the feast endures.’
XVI.
Yet I of Origilla’s treachery Shall not so steadfastly pursue the lore, Who, famed not for one single perfidy, Thousands and thousands had betrayed before, But that I will return again to see Two hundred thousand wretched men or more Burnt by the raging wild-fire, where they spread, About the walls of Paris, scathe and dread.
XVII.
I left you where king Agramant prepared To storm a gate, and to the assault was gone: This he had hoped to find without a guard; And work elsewhere to bar the way was none. For there, in person, Charles kept watch and ward With many, practised warriors every one; Two Angelines, two Guidos, Angelier, Avino, Avolio, Otho, and Berlinghier.
XVIII.
One and the other host its worth, before Charles and king Agramant, desire to show, Where praise, where riches are, they think, in store For those that do their duty on the foe. But such were not the atchievements of the Moor As to repair the loss; for, to his woe, Full many a Saracen the champaign prest; Whose folly was a beacon to the rest.
XIX.
The frequent darts a storm of hail appear, Which from the city-wall the Christians fling; The deafening clamours put the heavens in fear, Which, from our part, and from that other, ring. But Charles and Agramant must wait; for here I of the Mars of Africa will sing, King Rodomont, that fierce and fearful man, That through the middle of the city ran.
XX.
I know not, sir, if you the adventure dread Of that so daring Moor to mind recall, The leader, who had left his people dead, Between the second work and outer wall; Upon whose limbs the ravening fire so fed, Was never sight more sad!—I told withal, How vaulting o’er that hindrance at a bound, He cleared the moat which girt the city round.
XXI.
When he was known the thickening crowd among, By the strange arms he wore and scaly hide, There, where the aged sires and feebler throng, Listened to each new tale on every side; Heaven-high groan, moan, and lamentation rung, And loud they beat their lifted palms and cried: While those who had the strength to fly aloof, Sought safety not from house or temple’s roof.
XXII.
But this the cruel sword concedes to few, So brandished by that Saracen robust; And here, with half a leg dissevered, flew A foot, there head divided from the bust: This cleft across, and that behold him hew, From head to hips, so strong the blow and just. While, of the thousands wounded by the Moor, Is none that shows an honest scar before.
XXIII.
What by weak herd, in fields of Hircany, The tiger does, or Indian Ganges near, Or wolf, by lamb or kid, on heights which lie On Typheus’ back, the cruel cavalier Now executes on those, I will not, I Call phalanxes or squadrons, but a mere Rabble, that I should term a race forlorn, Who but deserved to die ere they were born.
XXIV.
Of all he cuts, and thrusts, and maims, and bleeds, There is not one who looks him in the face. Throughout that street, which in a straight line leads Up to St. Michael’s bridge, so thronged a space, Rodomont, terrible and fearful, speeds, Whirling his bloody brand, nor grants he grace, In his career, to servant or to lord; And saint and sinner feel alike the sword.
XXV.
Religion cannot for the priest bespeak Mercy, nor innocence avail the child: Nor gently beaming eyes, nor vermeil cheek, Protect the blooming dame or damsel mild. Age smites its breast and flies: while bent to wreak Vengeance, the Saracen, with gore defiled, Shows not his valour more than cruel rage, Heedless alike of order, sex, and age.
XXVI.
Nor the impious king alone with human blood, —Lord of the impious he—his hand distains, But even on walls so sorely vents his mood, He fires fair houses, and polluted fanes. The houses almost all were made of wood, Then (as ’tis told) and this, by what remains, May be believed; for yet in Paris we Six out of ten no better builded see.
XXVII.
Though flames demolish all things far and wide, This ill appears his furious hate to slake: Where’er the paynim has his hands applied, He tumbles down a roof at every shake. My lord, believe, you never yet espied Bombard in Padua, of so large a make, That it could rend from wall of battered town What, at a single pull, the king plucked down.
XXVIII.
While the accursed man, amid the rout, So warred with fire and sword, if at his post, King Agramant had prest it from without, The ample city had that day been lost. But he was hindered by the warrior stout, Who came from England with the advancing host, Composed of English and of Scotch allied, With Silence and the Angel for their guide.
XXIX.
It was God’s will, that while through town and tower The furious Rodomont such ruin spread, Thither arrived Rinaldo, Clermont’s flower. Three leagues above, he o’er the river’s bed Had cast a bridge; from whence his English power To the left-hand by crooked ways he led; That, meaning to assail the barbarous foes, The stream no obstacle might interpose.
XXX.
Rinaldo had, with Edward, sent a force, Six thousand strong, of archer-infantry, And sped, with Ariman, two thousand horse Of lightest sort; and foot and cavalry Sought Paris by those roads, which have their course Directly to, and from, the Picard sea; That by St. Martin’s and St, Denys’ gate, They might convey the aid the burghers wait.
XXXI.
Rinaldo sent with these the baggage-train And carriages, with which his troops were stored; And fetching, with the forces that remain, A compass, he the upper way explored. He bridge, and boat, and means to pass the Seine, Had with him; for it here was ill to ford. He past his army, broke the bridges down, And rank’d in line the bands of either crown.
XXXII.
But having first the peers and captains wheeled About him in a ring, the cavalier Mounted the bank which overtopt the field, So much, that all might plainly see and hear; And cried, “My lords, you should thanksgiving yield, “With lifted hands, to God who brought you here; “Through whom, o’er every nation, you may gain “Eternal glory, bought with little pain.
XXXIII.
“Two princes, by your means, will rescued be, “If you relieve those city gates from siege; “Him, your own king, whom you from slavery “And death to save, a subject’s vows oblige; “And a famed emperor, of more majesty “Than ever yet in court was served by liege, “And with them other kings, and dukes, and peers, “And lords of other lands, and cavaliers.
XXXIV.
“So that one city saving, not alone “Will the Parisians bless your helping hand, “Who, sadder than for sorrows of their own, “Timid, afflicted, and disheartened stand; “And their unhappy wives and children moan, “Which share in the same peril, and the band “Of virgins, dedicate to heavenly spouse, “Lest this day frustrate see their holy vows;
XXXV.
“I say, this city saved from deadly wound, “Not only will Parisians hold you dear; “But habitants of all the countries round: “Nor speak I only of the nations near; “For city there is none on Christian ground, “But what has citizens beleaguered here; “So that to you, for vanquishing the foe, “More lands than France will obligation owe.
XXXVI.
“If him the ancients with a crown endued, “Who saved one citizen by worthy deed, “For rescuing such a countless multitude, “What recompense shall be your worthy meed? “But if, from jealousy or sloth, so good “And holy, enterprise should ill succeed, “Believe me, only while these walls endure, “Is Italy or Almayn’s realm secure;
XXXVII.
“Or any other part, where men adore “Him, who for us upon the cross was hung; “Nor think that distance saves you from the Moor, “Nor deem your island strong, the waves among. “For if, from far Gibraltar’s straits of yore, “And old Alcides’ pillars, sailed the throng, “To bear off plunder from your sea-girt strands, “What will they do when they possess our lands?
XXXVIII.
“And, if in this fair enterprise arrayed, “No gain, no glory served you as a guide, “A common debt enjoins you mutual aid, “Militant here upon one Church’s side. “Moreover, let not any be afraid, “Our broken foemen will the assault abide; “Who seem to me ill-taught in warlike art, “A feeble rabble without arms or heart.”
XXXIX.
Such reasons, and yet better for, that need Might good Rinaldo in his speech infer; And with quick phrase and voice, to valiant deed The high-minded barons and bold army stir; And this was but to goad a willing steed (As the old proverb says) who lacks no spur. He moved the squadrons, having closed his speech, Softly, beneath their separate banners, each.
XL.
He, without clamour, without any noise, So moves his triple host, their flags below. Zerbino, marching by the stream, enjoys The honour first to assail the barbarous foe; The paladin the Irishmen employs More inland, with a wider wheel to go. Thus England’s horse and foot, the two between, Led by the Duke of Lancaster, are seen.
XLI.
The paladin rode on, along the shore, When he had put the warriors in their way, And, passing by their squadrons, pricked before Valiant Zerbino and his whole array, Until he reached the quarters of the Moor, Where Oran’s king, and king Sobrino lay; Who, half-a-mile removed from those of Spain, Posted upon that side, observed the plain.
XLII.
With such a faithful escort fortified And sure, the Christians who had thither wound, With Silence and the Angel for their guide, No longer could stand mute or keep their ground: But hearing now the foe, with shouts defied Their host, and made the shrilling trumpets sound; And with loud clamours, which Heaven’s concave fill, Sent through the paynim’s bones a deadly chill.
XLIII.
Rinaldo spurs before the troops combined His foaming courser, and his weapon rests; And a full bow-shot leaves the Scots behind: So all delay the impatient peer molests. As oftentimes an eddying gust of wind Issues, ere yet the horrid storm infests, So sallying swiftly from the following herd, Rinaldo forth upon Bayardo spurred.
XLIV.
At the aspect of the paladin of France, The wavering Moorish files betray their fear; And, trembling in their hands, is seen the lance, Their thighs and stirrups quivering, like the spear. King Pulian only marks the knight’s advance, Knowing Rinaldo not, unchanged in cheer; Nor thinking such a cruel shock to meet, Gallops against him on his courser fleet.
XLV.
He stoops upon the weapon which he strains, Whole and collected for the martial game: Then to his horse abandoning the reins, And goading with both spurs the courser, came. Upon the other side no valour feigns, But shows, by doings, what he is in name; —With what rare grace and matchless art he wars, The son of Aymon, rather son of Mars.
XLVI.
Well-matched in skill, they aimed their cruel blows, With lances at each other’s heads addrest; Ill matched, in arms and valour, were the foes, For this past on, and that the champaigne prest. More certain proof of worth, when warriors close, There needs than knightly lance, well placed in rest; But Fortune even more than Valour needs, Which ill, without her saving succour, speeds.
XLVII.
With the good spear new-levelled in his fist, At Oran’s king behold Rinaldo dart. Of bulk, and bone, and sinew, to resist The monarch was, but ill supplied with heart. And his might pass for a fair stroke in list, Though planted in the buckler’s nether part. Let those excuse it who refuse to admire, Since the good paladin could reach no higher.
XLVIII.
Nor did the buckler so the weapon stay, Though made of palm within, and steel without, But that it pierced the paunch, and made a way To let that mean and ill matched spirit out. The courser, who had deemed that all the day He must so huge a burden bear about, Thanked in his heart the warrior, who well met, Had thus preserved him from so sore a sweat.
XLIX.
Rinaldo, having broke his rested spear, So wheels his horse, he seems equipt with wings; Who, turning swiftly with the cavalier, Amid the closest crowd, impetuous springs. Composed of brittle glass the arms appear Where Sir Rinaldo red Fusberta swings. Nor tempered steel is there, nor corslet thick, Which keeps the sword from biting to the quick.
L.
Yet few the tempered plates or iron pins With which encounters that descending brand; But targets, some of oak and some of skins, And quilted vest and turban’s twisted band. Lightly such drapery good Rinaldo thins, And cleaves, and bores, and shears, on either hand; Nor better from his sword escapes the swarm, Than grass from sweeping scythe, or grain from storm.
LI.
The foremost squadron had been put to flight, When thither the vanguard Zerbino led. Forth pricking from the following crowd, in sight Appeared, with levelled lance, their youthful head: With no less fury those who trooped to fight Beneath his banner, to the combat sped; Like lions, like so many wolves, who leap In fury to the assault of goat or sheep.
LII.
Both spurred their coursers on, with rested lance, When either warrior to his foe was near; And that short interval, that small expanse, Of plain, between, was seen to disappear. Was never witnessed yet a stranger dance! For the Scots only ply the murderous spear; Only the scattered paynims slaughtered lie, As if conducted thither but to die.
LIII.
It seemed as if each coward paynim grew More cold than ice; each Scot more fierce than flame. The Moors believed that with Rinaldo’s thew And muscle fortified, each Christian came. Sobrino quickly moved his ordered crew, Nor stayed till herald should his call proclaim: Better were they than those which went before, For captain, armour, and for martial lore.
LIV.
Less worthless men of Africa were they, Though ill had they been deemed of much avail. Ill harnessed, and worse trained to martial fray, Forthwith King Dardinel, the foe to assail, Moved up his host, himself in helmet gay, And sheathing all his limbs in plate and mail. The fourth division I believe was best, Which, under Isolier, to battle prest.
LV.
Thraso, this while, the valiant Duke of Mar, Glad in the tumult, for the cavaliers Who muster in his train, uplifts the bar, And to the lists of fame his following chears, When Isolier, with horsemen of Navarre, Entered in that fierce fray he sees and hears. Next Ariodantes moved his chivalry, Who was of late made Duke of Albany.
LVI.
The deep sonorous trumpet’s bellowing, And sound of drum, and barbarous instrument, Combined with twang of bow, and whiz of sling, Wheel and machine, and stone from engine sent, And (what more loud than these appeared to ring) Tumult, and shriek, and groan, and loud lament, Composed a direr whole than what offends The neighbouring tribes where deafening Nile descends.
LVII.
The arrows’ double shower the ample sky With wide-extended shade is seen to shrowd; Breath, smoke of sweat and dust ascend on high, And seem to stamp in air a murky cloud. By turns each host gives way, and you might spy, Now chasing, now in flight, the self-same crowd; And here some wight, beside his foeman slain, Or little distant, prostrate on the plain.
LVIII.
When, harassed with fatigue, a wearied crew Withdraw, fresh files their fellows reinforce: Men, here and there, the wasted ranks renew; Here march supplies of foot, and there of horse: Her mantle green for robe of crimson hue Earth shifts, ensanguined where the warriors course: And there where azure flowers and yellow sprung, Now slaughtered men lie stretched their steeds among.
LIX.
Zerbino was more wonders seen to do Than ever stripling of his age; he strowed The ground with heaps of dead, and overthrew The paynim numbers which about him flowed. The valiant Ariodantes to his new- Entrusted squadron mighty prowess showed; Filling with dread and wonder, near and far, The squadrons of Castile and of Navarre.
LX.
Chelindo and Mosco (bastards were the twain Of Calabrun, late king of Arragon), And one esteemed among the valiant train, Calamidor, of Barcellona’s town, Leaving their standards, in the hope to gain, By young Zerbino’s death, a glorious crown, Attacked the warrior with united force, And wounded in his flanks the prince’s horse.
LXI.
Pierced by three lances lay the courser strong, But bold Zerbino quickly rose anew; And, eager to avenge his charger’s wrong, The assailants, where he sees them, will pursue. Zerbino at Mosco first, that overhung Him, in the hope to make him prisoner, flew, And pierced him in the flank; who from his sell, Pallid and cold, upon the champaign fell.
LXII.
When him so killed, as ’twere by stealthy blow, Chelindo viewed, to avenge his brother slain, He charged, intent the prince to overthrow; But he seized fast his courser by the rein, And, thence to rise not, laid the charger low, Destined no more to feed on hay or grain; For at one stroke, so matchless was his force, Zerbino cleft the rider and his horse.
LXIII.
When that fell blow Calamidor espied, He turned the bridle short to speed away, But him with downright cut Zerbino plied Behind, and cried withal, “Stay, traitor, stay.” Nor from its aim the sword-stroke wandered wide, Though from the mark it went somedeal astray; The falchion missed the rider as he fled, But reached the horse’s croup, and stretched him dead.
LXIV.
He quits the horse, and thence for safety crawls; But he with little boot escapes his foe; For him Duke Thraso’s horse o’erturns and mawls, Opprest the ponderous courser’s weight below. Where the huge crowd upon Zerbino falls, Ariodantes and Lurcanio go; And with them many a cavalier and count, Who do their best Zerbino to remount.
LXV.
Then Artalico and Margano knew The force of Ariodantes circling brand: While Casimir and Enearco rue More deeply yet the puissance of his hand. Smote by the knight, escaped the former two; The others were left dead upon the strand. Lurcanio shows what are his force and breath; Who charges, smites, o’erturns, and puts to death.
LXVI.
Sir, think not that more inland on the plain The warfare is less mortal than along The stream, nor that the troops behind remain Which to the duke of Lancaster belong. He valiantly assailed the flags of Spain, And long in even scale the battle hung. For Horse and Foot, and Captains of those bands, On either side, could deftly ply their hands.
LXVII.
Forward Sir Oldrad pricks and Fieramont; This Glocester’s duke, and York’s the other knight; With them conjoined is Richard, Warwick’s count, And the bold duke of Clarence, Henry hight. These Follicon and Matalista front, And Baricond, with all they lead to fight. Almeria this, and that Granada guides, And o’er Majorca Baricond presides.
LXVIII.
Well matched awhile the Christian and the Moor Appeared, without advantage in the fray. Now this, now that gave ground, like corn before The light and fickle breeze which blows in May: Or as the sea which ripples on the shore, Still comes and goes, nor keeps one certain way. When hollow Fortune thus had sported long, She proved disastrous to the paynim throng.
LXIX.
The duke of Glocester Matalista bold Assailed this while, and hurtled from his sell; Fieramont Follicon o’erturned and rolled, In the right shoulder smit, on earth as well. The advancing English either paynim hold, And bear their prisoners off to dungeon-cell. This while, Sir Baricond is, in the strife, By Clarence’s bold duke deprived of life.
LXX.
Hence ’tis among the Moors amazement all, While hence the Christians take such heart and pride, The bands do nought but quit their ground and fall, And break their order on the Paynim side, What time the Christian troops come on, and gall Their flying ranks, which nowhere will abide: And had not one arrived to aid their host, The Paynim camp had on that side been lost.
LXXI.
But Ferrau, who till this time ever nigh Marsilius, scarce had quitted him that day, When half destroyed he marked his chivalry, And saw that baffled banner born away, Pricked his good courser forth, in time to spy, (Where ’mid those squadrons hottest waxed the fray) With his head severed by a griesly wound, Olympio de la Serra fall to ground:
LXXII.
A stripling he, who such sweet musick vented, Accorded to the horned lyre’s soft tone; That at the dulcet melody relented The hearer’s heart, though harder than a stone. Happy! if, with such excellence contented, He had pursued so fair a fame alone, And loathed shield, quiver, helmet, sword and lance; Destined by these to die a youth in France.
LXXIII.
When bold Ferrau beheld his cruel plight, For whom he love and much esteem profest, He felt more pity at the doleful sight Than, ’mid those thousands slain, for all the rest. And smote the foe who slew him with such might, That he his helm divided from the crest; Cut front, eyes, visage, and mid bosom through, And cast him down amid the slaughtered crew.
LXXIV.
Nor stops he here, nor leaves a corslet whole, Nor helm unbroken, where his sword is plied, Of this the front or cheek, of that the poll, The arm of other foe his strokes divide; And he, of these divorcing body and soul, Restores the wavering battle on that side; Whence the disheartened and ignoble throng Are scattered wide, and broke, and driven along.
LXXV.
Into the medley pricks King Agramant, Desirous there his bloody course to run; With him King Baliverzo, Farurant, Soridan, Bambirago, Prusïon; And next so many more of little vaunt, Whose blood will form a lake ere day be done, That I could count each leaf with greater ease When autumn of their mantle strips the trees.
LXXVI.
Agramant from the wall a numerous band Of horse and foot withdraws, and sends the array Beneath the king of Fez, with a command Behind the Moorish tents to make his way, And those of Ireland in their march withstand, Whom he sees hurrying with what haste they may, And with wide wheel and spacious compass wind, To fall upon the paynim camp behind.
LXXVII.
The king of Fez upon this service prest; For all delay might sore his work impede. This while King Agramant unites the rest, And parts the troops who to the battle speed. He sought himself the river, where he guessed The Moorish host might most his presence need; And, from that quarter, had a courier prayed, By King Sobrino sent, the monarch’s aid.
LXXVIII.
He more than half his camp behind him led, In one deep phalanx. At the mighty sound Alone, the Scotsmen trembled, and in dread Abandoned honour, order, and their ground: Lurcanio, Ariodantes, and their head, Zerbino, there alone the torrent bound; And haply he, who was afoot, had died, But that in time his need Rinaldo spied.
LXXIX.
Elsewhere the paladin was making fly A hundred banners: while the cavalier So chased the quailing Saracens, the cry Of young Zerbino’s peril smote his ear; For, single and afoot, his chivalry Amid the Africans had left the peer. Rinaldo turned about and took his way Where he beheld the Scots in disarray.
LXXX.
He plants his courser, where their squadrons yield To the fierce paynims, and exclaims; “Where go “Your bands, and why so basely quit the field, “Yielding so vilely to so vile a foe? “Behold the promised trophies, spear and shield, “Spoils which your loaded churches ought to show! “What praise! what glory! that alone, and reft “Of his good horse, your monarch’s son is left!
LXXXI.
He from a squire receives a lance, and spies King Prusion little distant, sovereign Of the Alvaracchiæ, and against him hies; Whom he unhorses, dead upon the plain. So Agricalt, so Bambirago dies; And next sore wounded is Sir Soridane; Who had been slain as well amid the throng, If good Rinaldo’s lance had proved more strong.
LXXXII.
That weapon broken, he Fusberta rears, And smites Sir Serpentine, him of the star. Though charmed from mischief are the cavalier’s Good arms, he falls astounded by the jar, And thus Rinaldo round Zerbino clears The field so widely, where those champions war, That without more dispute he takes a horse Of those, who masterless, at random, course.
LXXXIII.
That he in time remounted it was well, Who haply would not, if he more delayed: For Agramant at once, and Dardinel, Sobrino, and Balastro thither made; But he, who had in time regained the sell, Wheeled, here and there his horse, with brandished blade, Dispatching into hell the mixt array, That how men live above their ghosts might say.
LXXXIV.
The good Rinaldo, who to overthrow The strongest of the foemen covets still, At Agramant directs a deadly blow, —Who seems too passing-proud, and greater ill Works there, than thousand others of the foe— And spurs his horse, the Moorish chief to spill. He smote the monarch, broadside charged the steed, And man and horse reversed upon the mead.
LXXXV.
What time, without, in such destructive frays Hate, Rage, and Fury, all offend by turns, In Paris Rodomont the people slays, And costly house, and holy temple burns: While Charles elsewhere another duty stays, Who nothing hears of this, nor aught discerns. He, in the town, receives the British band, Which Edward and Sir Ariman command.
LXXXVI.
To him a squire approached, who pale with dread, Scarce drew his breath, and cried; “Oh, well away! “Alas! alas!” (and thus he often said, Ere he could utter aught beside) “To-day, “To-day, sire, is the Roman empire sped, “And Christ to the heathen makes his flock a prey. “A fiend from air to-day has dropt, that none “Henceforth may in this city make their won.
LXXXVII.
“Satan (in sooth, it can no other be) “Destroys and ruins the unhappy town. “Turn, and the curling wreaths of vapour see, “From the red flames which wander up and down; “List to those groans, and be they warrantry “Of the sad news thy servant now makes known! “One the fair city wastes with sword and fire, “Before whose vengeful fury all retire.”
LXXXVIII.
Even such as he, who hears the tumult wide, And clatter of church-bells, ere he espy The raging fire, concealed from none beside Himself, to him most dangerous, and most nigh; Such was King Charles; who heard, and then descried The new disaster with his very eye. Hence he the choicest of his meiny steers Thither, where he the cry and tumult hears.
LXXXIX.
With many peers and chiefs, who worthiest are, Summoned about him, Charlemagne is gone: He bids direct his standards to the square Whither the paynim had repaired; hears groan And tumult, spies the horrid tokens there Of cruelty, sees human members strown. —No more—Let him return another time, Who willingly will listen to this rhyme.
NOTES TO CANTO XVI.
1.
When I from Nicosìa thee expected.
Stanza xi. line 1.
This distinguished city of Cyprus is now called Leukosia (Λευκοσὶα), or at least is so called by the modern Greeks. Nicosìa was, however, there is no doubt, its classical designation. It probably bore both names, and the colloquial one has remained at home, while the place is known by another abroad. Many places in Greece are in the same situation, and many in Italy have lost the Roman names by which they were known to us, and are now distinguished by denominations which, though not classical, are evidently composed of Latin elements.
“Traces are to be found of the Medoacus major having borne the name of Brinta (the Brenta) and Brintesia, even in the time of the empire. In corroboration of this, Count Filiasi, in his work on the ancient Venetians, says that certain places in the Lido were, in ancient documents, styled Brintalis and Brintalesia; and, as the barbarians never possessed themselves of the Venetian Lagoon, the change of name cannot be attributed to them.” Letters from the North of Italy, Letter xxiv.
2.
What by weak herd, in fields of Hircany, The tiger does, or Indian Ganges near, Or wolf, by lamb or kid, on heights which lie On Typheus’ back, &c.
Stanza xxiii. lines 1, 2, 3, 4.
Immanem veluti pecora inter inertia tygrim, &c.
Virgil makes Ætna the mountain under which Typheus is buried; but Petrarch supposes him to have been confined under Ischia.
3.
Religion cannot for the priest bespeak Mercy, nor innocence avail the child, &c.
Stanza xxv. lines 1 and 2.
Non ullius ætas, Non cultus, non forma movet: pugnantibus idem Supplicibusque furit.
Statius.
4.
For if, from far Gibraltar’s strait of yore, And old Alcides’ pillars, sailed the throng, To bear off plunder from your sea-girt strands, What will they do when they possess these lands?
Stanza xxxvii. lines 5, 6, 7, 8.
Ariosto had read of England’s having suffered from pirates, and could form no other notion of these than that of Moorish corsairs.
5.
He stoops upon the weapon which he strains, Whole and collected for the martial game.
Stanza xlv. lines 1 and 2.
Foolish modern engravings, which represent a warrior upright in his saddle, and launching a javelin, convey a very false notion ​of the action and attitude of a knight who runs at tilt. Sir Walter Scott gives an accurate description of this in the Lay of the Last Minstrel:
He stooped his head and couched his spear, And spurred his horse to full career.
In doing this he covered himself as well as he could with his shield.
6.
Their lances at each other’s heads addrest.
Stanza xlvi. line 2.
The best stroke in the lists was esteemed that which was aimed at the helmet.
7.
Let those excuse him who refuse to admire, Since the good Paladin could reach no higher.
Stanza xlvii. lines 7 and 8.
Because, as has already been stated, the best stroke that could be made in a tilt was levelled at the head.
8.
Nor stayed till herald should his call proclaim.
Stanza liii. line 6.
Ariosto is throughout this description thinking of all the forms and circumstances of a tournament. Thus in a succeeding stanza;
9.
And to the cavaliers Who muster in his train uplifts the bar.
Stanza lv. lines 2 and 3.
He alludes to the bar of the lists, through which there was an entrance for the champions.
10.
Composed a direr whole than what offends The neighbouring tribes, where deafening Nile descends.
Stanza lvi. lines 7 and 8.
Petrarch furnished this image in
Come il Nil d’ alto caggendo Col gran romore i vicin’ d’ intorno assorda.
11.
A stripling he who such sweet musick vented, Accorded to the horned lyre’s soft tone, &c.
Stanza lxxii. lines 1 and 2.
Ariosto seems to have introduced Olympic de la Serra, in imitation of Virgil’s introduction of the death of Creteus in one of his Italian battles, in the ninth Æneid,
amicum Cretea Musis, Cretea Musarum comitem, cui carmina semper Et citharæ cordi, &c.
12.
That I could count each leaf with greater ease, When autumn of their mantle strips the trees.
Stanza lxxv. lines 7 and 8.
Quam multa in sylvis autumni frigore primo Lapsa cadunt folia.
Virgil.
13.
A fiend from air to-day has dropt, that none Henceforth may in this city make their won.
Stanza lxxxvi. lines 7 and 8.
Satan is often called the prince of air.