OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Wyon, Joseph Shepherd

Contains subarticle Alfred Benjamin Wyon (1837–1884)
​WYON, JOSEPH SHEPHERD (1836–1873), chief engraver of the seals, born on 28 July 1836, was the eldest son of Benjamin Wyon [q. v.] He was educated by his father, and studied in the schools of the Royal Academy, where he gained two silver medals. His first important work was a medal of James Watt, which, on Robert Stephenson's recommendation, was adopted as the prize medal of the Institution of Civil Engineers.
On 2 Dec. 1858 Wyon was appointed chief engraver of the seals, a post previously held by his father and grandfather. He died at Winchester on 12 Aug. 1873. In his work as a medallist he was aided by his brother, Alfred Benjamin (see below), and also by his brother Allan. The medals are often signed ‘J. S. and A. B. Wyon.’
The following specimens may be mentioned: 1861, Steevens's Hospital medals, Dublin (Cusack prize); 1863, entry of Princess Alexandra into London; 1846–65, New Zealand war medal; 1867, confederation of provinces of Canada; the great seal of the dominion of Canada; reception of the sultan of Turkey in London; 1867–8, Abyssinian war medal; and 1872, Prince of Wales's recovery.
Alfred Benjamin Wyon (1837–1884), born on 28 Sept. 1837, was associated with his brother, Joseph Shepherd Wyon, as chief engraver of the seals from 31 July 1865, and was sole engraver from 23 Oct. 1873 till his death on 4 June 1884. He compiled a work on the ‘Great Seals of England,’ completed and published in 1887 by his younger brother, Allan Wyon, who was appointed chief engraver of her majesty's seals on 20 June 1884.
[Wyon's Great Seals, p. 191; Times, 4 Sept. 1873; Daily News, 6 Sept. 1873; Welch's Numismata Londinensia; Frazer's Medallists of Ireland; Redgrave's Dictionary; Journal of Brit. Arch. Assoc. 30 June 1884, p. 253; Numismatic Chronicle, 1885, Proceedings, p. 26.]
W. W.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1912 supplement/Strong, Samuel Henry

​STRONG, Sir SAMUEL HENRY (1825–1909), chief justice of Canada, born at Poole, Dorsetshire, on 13 Aug. 1825, was son of Samuel S. Strong, D.D., LL.D., by his wife Jane Elizabeth Gosse of that town, sister of Philip Henry Gosse [q. v.]. In his eleventh year he accompanied to Canada his father, who became chaplain of the forces in Quebec and rector of Bytown (now Ottawa) and rural dean. Educated in the Quebec High School and privately, the son began to study law in Bytown, and was called to the bar in Toronto in 1849. He entered into partnership with H. Eccles (afterwards librarian of Osgoode Hall) and later with Sir Thomas W. Taylor (subsequently chief justice of Manitoba) and (Sir) James David Edgar (who became speaker of the Canadian House of Commons). Strong rapidly secured a reputation in the courts of equity, and was appointed in 1856 a member of the commission for the consolidation of the statutes of Canada and of Upper Canada. He was elected a bencher of the Law Society of Upper Canada in 1860 and took silk in 1863. Six years later he was raised to the bench as one of the vice-chancellors' of Ontario. He served on the commission of inquiry into a union of the law and equity courts in 1871. In 1874 he was transferred to the Court of Error and Appeal of Ontario, then the highest of the provincial tribunals.
In 1875 Strong was advanced to the newly constituted Supreme Court of Canada as a puisne judge, and on the death in Dec. 1892 of Sir William Johnstone Ritchie [q. v.], he became chief justice. He was knighted next year. His appointment as a member of the judicial committee of the privy council followed in Jan. 1897. He resigned the chief-justiceship in 1902 in order to become chief of a commission for the consolidation of the statutes of Canada. He died at Ottawa on 21 Aug. 1909.
One of the ablest jurists of Canada, Strong was distinguished by his powerful memory for cases, by a scientific knowledge of the principles of both law and equity, and by a power of incisive comment that added much to the force of his obiter dicta. He married in 1850 Elizabeth Charlotte Cane, by whom he had two children.
A portrait in oils hangs in the Supreme Court at Ottawa.
[Rose, Cyclopedia of Canadian Biography, 1886; Morgan's Canadian Men and Women of the Time, 1898; Canadian Law Times, xxix. 1044.]
D. R. K.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1912 supplement/Swain, Joseph

​SWAIN, JOSEPH (1820–1909), wood-engraver, born at Oxford on 29 Feb. 1820, was second son of Ebenezer Swain by his wife Harriet James. Joseph Swain, pastor of East Street baptist church, Walworth, was his grandfather. He was educated at private schools, first at Oxford, and afterwards in London, whither the family removed in 1829.
In 1834 he was apprenticed by his father (who was a printer of the firm of Wertheimer & Co.) to the wood-engraver Nathaniel Whittock, and was transferred in 1837 to Thomas Williams. In 1843 he was appointed manager of the engraving department of 'Punch,' but in the following year set up in business for himself, retaining the whole of the engraving for 'Punch' from 1844 until 1900. His name is best known from his wood-engravings of 'Punch' cartoons by Sir John Tenniel. Nearly all the illustrations in the 'Cornhill Magazine' were engraved by him, and he also worked largely for other periodicals such as 'Once a Week,' 'Good Words,' the 'Argosy,' and for the publications of the Religious Tract Society and the Baptist Missionary Society. He was one of the most prolific wood-engravers of the nineteenth century, engraving very largely after Fred Walker, J. E. Millais, Frederick Sandys, Richard Doyle, R. Ansdell, F. Barnard, and practically all famous illustrators from 1860 onwards. His own work is not always signed, and the signature 'Swain sc' must be taken to include the engraving of assistants working for the firm. In the latter part of the nineteenth century his wood-engravings were more generally printed from electrotypes, but those done for 'Punch' were invariably printed from the original wood-blocks. He died at Ealing on 25 Feb. 1909.
In 1843 he married Martha Cooper, and had issue three daughters and a son, Joseph Blomeley Swain, who carries on his printing and engraving establishment.
A series of articles on Fred Walker, C. H. Bennett, G. J. Pinwell, and F. Eltze, which he wrote for 'Good Words' (1888-9), were incorporated in ’Toilers in Art,' edited by H. C. Ewart (1891).
[The Times, 4 March 1909;. M. H. Spielmann. Hist. of Punch, 1895; Gleeson White, English Illustration: The Sixties, 1897; Thackeray, Harry Furniss Centenary edition, artist's preface to the Virginians, 1911; information supplied by Mr. J. B. Swain.]
A. M. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1904 errata/Volume 12

Dictionary of National Biography
ERRATA IN VOLUME XII
CONDER—CRAIGIE
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# Dictionary of National Biography, 1904 errata/Volume 14

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ERRATA IN VOLUME XIV
DAMON—D'EYNCOURT
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# Dictionary of National Biography, 1904 errata/Volume 16

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ERRATA IN VOLUME XVI
DRANT—EDRIDGE
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# Dictionary of National Biography, 1904 errata/Volume 19

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FINCH—FORMAN
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# Dictionary of National Biography, 1904 errata/Volume 11

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ERRATA IN VOLUME XI
CLATER—CONDELL
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# Dictionary of National Biography, 1904 errata/Volume 17

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ERRATA IN VOLUME XVII
EDWARD—ERSKINE
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# Dictionary of National Biography, 1904 errata/Volume 13

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ERRATA IN VOLUME XIII
CRAIK—DAMER
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# Dictionary of National Biography, 1904 errata/Volume 15

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ERRATA IN VOLUME XV
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# Dictionary of National Biography, 1904 errata/Volume 18

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ERRATA IN VOLUME XVIII
ESDAILE—FINAN
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# Dictionary of National Biography, 1904 errata/Volume 2

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ERRATA IN VOLUME II
ANNESLEY—BAIRD
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# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Sherlock, William (fl.1759-1806)

Contains subarticle William P. Sherlock (fl. 1800–1820).
​SHERLOCK, WILLIAM (fl. 1759–1806), portrait-painter and engraver, is said to have been the son of a prize-fighter, and to have been born at Dublin. In 1759 he was a student in the St. Martin's Lane academy in London, and in that year obtained a premium from the Society of Arts. He at first studied engraving, and was a pupil of J. P. Le Bas at Paris. There he engraved a large plate of ‘The Grange,’ after J. Pillement, published in 1761; he also engraved the portrait heads for Smollett's ‘History of England.’ Subsequently Sherlock took to painting portraits on a small scale, both in oil and watercolours, and miniatures. He was a fellow of the Incorporated Society of Artists, and their director in 1774, exhibiting with them from 1764 to 1777. From 1802 to 1806 he exhibited small portraits at the Royal Academy. He also practised as a picture-cleaner, and was a skilled copyist.
His son, William P. Sherlock (fl. 1800–1820), also practised as an artist. From 1801 to 1810 he exhibited at the Royal Academy, sending a few portraits, but principally watercolour landscapes in the style of Richard Wilson, to whom his works have sometimes been attributed. He drew most of the illustrations to Dickinson's ‘Antiquities of Nottinghamshire,’ 1801–6, and the portrait of the author prefixed to that work was engraved from a miniature by him. In 1811 and the following years he published a series of soft ground-etchings from his own watercolour drawings, and those of David Cox, S. Prout, T. Girtin, and other leading watercolour artists of the day. A series of drawings in watercolour by W. P. Sherlock, representing views in the immediate neighbourhood of London, is preserved in the print-room at the British Museum. They are not only of great historical interest, but also show him to have been an artist of remarkable merit.
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Sherman, John

​SHERMAN, JOHN (d. 1671), historian of Jesus College, Cambridge, was a native of Dedham in the county of Essex. He was educated at Queens' College, and, 25 Oct. 1660, was elected to a fellowship at Jesus College. In the following year he was presented to the university living of Wilmesloe in the diocese of Chester. The Act of Indemnity, however, enabled the former incumbent to retain the living, and Sherman was consequently never instituted. In 1662 his college presented him to the rectory of Harlton in Cambridgeshire, and in the same year he was elected president of the society. In 1663 he appears as one of the syndics for restoring the library at Lambeth, and in the following year as one of the twelve university preachers. In 1665 he was admitted to the degree of D.D. by royal mandate. In 1670 he was appointed archdeacon of Salisbury. He died in London, 27 March 1671, and was buried in Jesus College chapel. His ‘Historia Collegii Jesu Cantabrigiæ,’ giving an account of the college from its foundation, and also of the earlier foundation of the nunnery of St. Rhadegund, which stood on the same site, has been printed (very inaccurately) by J. O. Halliwell (London, 1840). It goes no further than the mastership of Edmund Boldero [q. v.], to whom Sherman dedicates his compilation.
[Additional notes to the original manuscript of the Historia in possession of the authorities of Jesus College; Baker MS. xxv. 323.]
J. B. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Sherry, Richard

Contains subarticle John Sherry (d. 1551).
​SHERRY or SHIRRYE, RICHARD (fl. 1550), author, was born about 1506 in the neighbourhood of London. In 1522 he became a demy of Magdalen College, Oxford, and graduated B.A. on 21 June 1527 and M.A. on 10 March 1531. Whether he was a fellow is uncertain, but in 1534 he was appointed headmaster of Magdalen College school. He held this post until 1540, when he was succeeded by Goodall. Subsequently he established himself in the neighbourhood of London, and devoted himself to literary work both in the shape of original writings and of translations. He died shortly after 1555.
He was the author of:
* ‘A very fruitfull Exposition upon the Syxte Chapter of Saynte John. Written in Latin by … John Brencius and translated by Richard Shirrye,’ London, 1550, 8vo.
* ‘A Treatise of Schemes and Tropes gathered out of the best Grammarians and Oratours. … Whereunto is added a declamation … written fyrst in Latin by Erasmus,’ London, n.d. 16mo; 1550, 8vo.
* ‘St. Basill the Great his letter to Gregory Nazaanzen translated by Richard Sherrie,’ London, n.d. 8vo.
* ‘A Treatise of the Figures of Grammer [sic] and Rhetorike,’ London, 1555, 8vo.
Richard Sherry has sometimes been identified with John Sherry (d. 1551), who was in 1541 archdeacon of Lewes and rector of Chailey in Sussex; he became precentor of St. Paul's, London, in 1543, and died in 1551 (Le Neve, Fasti Eccles. Angl. ed. Hardy, ii. 350; Wood, Athenæ Oxon. ed. Bliss, i. 189).
[Bloxam's Magdalen College Register, iii. 88, iv. 51; Bale's Scriptt. Mag. Brit. p. 107; Warton's Hist. of Engl. Poetry, ed. 1840, iii. 281; Foster's Alumni Oxon. 1500–1714; Ames's Typogr. Antiq., ed. Herbert, pp. 624, 625, 675, 677, 810.]
{DNB EIC}}
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Sherman, Edward

​SHERMAN, EDWARD (1776–1866), coach-proprietor, was born in Berkshire in 1776. Coming to London on foot in 1793, he obtained employment at twelve shillings a week. He eventually saved money, and about 1814 became proprietor of the Bull and Mouth Hotel, Aldersgate Street, London. In 1830 he rebuilt the house, at a cost of 60,000l., and renamed it the Queen's Hotel. (It has since been absorbed in the General Post Office.) At the same time Sherman became one of the largest coach-proprietors in England, keeping about seventeen hundred horses at work in various parts of the country, and doing a business the annual return of which has been estimated at more than half a million of money. In 1830 the celebrated Wonder coach did the 158 miles between London and Shrewsbury in fifteen hours and three-quarters, while the Manchester Telegraph accomplished its journey of 186 miles in eighteen hours and fifteen minutes. When railways were introduced he gradually gave up coaching, and, establishing wagons for the conveyance of heavy goods, became one of the most extensive carriers in the kingdom. He was also a promoter, and then a director, of the Thames, the first steam-packet plying between London and Margate, 1814. He was well known in the city, where he dealt largely in stocks and shares. He died at the Manor House, Chiswick, Middlesex, on 14 Sept. 1866.
G. C. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Sherman, James

​SHERMAN, JAMES (1796–1862), dissenting divine, son of an officer in the East India Company, was born in Banner Street, St. Luke's, London, on 21 Feb. 1796. After some education from dissenting ministers, he spent three years and a half as apprentice to an ivory-turner, but the employment impaired his health, and he entered, on 6 Nov. ​1815, the Countess of Huntingdon's college at Cheshunt. He preached his first sermon in London in Hare Court chapel, Aldersgate Street, in 1817, and on 26 Nov. 1818 he was ordained to the ministry in Sion Chapel, Whitechapel. After preaching for some time in the Countess of Huntingdon's chapel at Bath, he was appointed permanent minister of her chapel at Bristol, where he made the acquaintance of Hannah More and of Mrs. Schimmelpenninck [q. v.] In April 1821 he removed to Castle Street chapel, Reading. In August 1836 he became the congregational minister of Surrey Chapel, Blackfriars, London, in succession to Rowland Hill [q. v.], with whom he had been on friendly terms for many years. The numbers of the congregation, which had much declined, again rose under his ministry. He retired from Surrey Chapel in May 1854, owing to failing health. He then took charge of a new congregational church at Blackheath, Kent, which he opened on 11 July 1854; but his strength was gone, and, after a visit to Egypt, he returned to 12 Paragon, Blackheath, where he died on 15 Feb. 1862. He was buried in Abney Park cemetery on 22 Feb. In his memory a bursary for poor students was founded by his friends at Cheshunt College. He married first, on 10 Jan. 1822, Miss Grant of Bristol, who died on 1 Jan. 1834, and secondly, on 3 March 1835, Martha, daughter of Benjamin Tucker of Enfield; she died on 18 May 1848 (The Pastor's Wife, a memorial of Mrs. Sherman, by J. Sherman, 1848).
Sherman was a popular preacher, and was reckoned in power of persuasion only second to Whitefield. Through the forty years of his ministry crowds attended whenever he preached. Even in his failing years at Blackheath he soon attracted a thousand hearers. The conversions under his ministration were numerous; a sermon which he preached in Surrey Chapel in 1837 caused eighty-four persons to join his church. Among his published works were:
* ‘A Guide to Acquaintance with God,’ 1826; 17th edit. 1835.
* ‘A Plea for the Lord's Day,’ 1830 (twenty editions were published within a brief period).
* ‘A Scripture Calendar for reading the Old Testament once and the New Testament and Psalms twice during the Year,’ 1836.
* ‘Memoir of W. Allen, F.R.S.,’ 1851.
* ‘Memorial of the Rev. R. Hill,’ 1851.
[Congregational Year Book, 1863, pp. 263–6; Allom's Memoir of J. Sherman, 1863 (with portrait); Pen and Ink Sketches of Poets, Preachers, and Politicians, 1846, pp. 228–32; Metropolitan Pulpit, 1839, ii. 206–20.]
G. C. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Sherring, Matthew Atmore

​SHERRING, MATTHEW ATMORE (1826–1880), missionary, was born at Halstead, Essex, on 26 Sept. 1826. He was articled to a surgeon at Colchester, but afterwards studied at University College, London, graduating B.A. in 1848, LL.B. in 1849, and M.A. in 1850 at London University. He then offered his services to the London Missionary Society. He was ordained on 7 Dec. 1852, and shortly after proceeded to Benares, where he took charge of the congregational mission. To familiarise himself with native life, he made repeated tours through the North-West Provinces. In 1856 he married the daughter of Dr. Robert Cotton Mather [q. v.], and in November of the same year he removed to Mirzapore to take charge of Mather's station during his absence. On the outbreak of the Indian mutiny Sherring sent his wife to Benares for safety, but she there experienced far graver perils than at Mirzapore, where the sepoys remained faithful. Returning to Benares in 1861, Sherring remained there until 1866, when he sailed for England with his family. In 1869 he ​returned alone, but in 1875 he was forced to visit the Nilgiri Hills to recruit his health, and afterwards to pay a second visit to England. He returned to Benares in 1878, and died of cholera on 10 Aug. 1880. He left issue.
He was the author of:
* ‘The Indian Church during the Great Rebellion,’ edited by Mather, London, 1859, 8vo.
* ‘Journal of Missionary Tours during 1861–2,’ Mirzapore, 1862, 8vo.
* ‘The Ancient City of the Hindoos: an Account of Benares,’ London, 1868, 8vo.
* ‘The Bhar Tribe,’ Benares, 1869, 8vo.
* ‘Hindoo Tribes and Castes,’ 1872–81, 3 vols. 4to.
* ‘The History of Protestant Missions in India,’ London, 1875, 8vo; 2nd edit. by E. Storrow, London, 1884, 8vo.
* ‘The Hindoo Pilgrims: a Poem,’ London, 1878, 8vo.
* ‘The Life and Labours of the Rev. William Smith,’ Benares, 1879, 8vo.
[Author's works; Bliss's Encyclopædia of Missions, ii. 328; Congregational Year Book, 1881, p. 390.]
E. I. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1901 supplement/Lothian, 9th Marquis of

​LOTHIAN, Ninth Marquis of. [See Kerr, Schomberg Henry, 1833–1900.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1901 supplement/Lucan, 3rd Earl of

​LUCAN, Earl of. [See Bingham, George Charles, 1800–1888.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1901 supplement/Lopes, Henry Charles

​LOPES, HENRY CHARLES, first Baron Ludlow (1828–1899), judge, third son of Sir Ralph Lopes, bart. [see Lopes, Sir Manasseh Masseh, of Maristow, Devon, by Susan Gibbs, eldest daughter of A. Ludlow of Heywood House, Wiltshire, was born at Devonport on 3 Oct. 1828. He was educated at Winchester School and the university of Oxford, where he matriculated from Balliol College on 12 Dec. 1845, and graduated B. A. in 1849. He was admitted on 5 June 1849 student at Lincoln's Inn, but on 26 May 1852 migrated to the Inner Temple, where he was called to the bar on 7 June 1852, and elected bencher on 31 May 1870, and treasurer in 1890. He practised first as a conveyancer and equity draftsman, afterwards as a pleader on the western circuit and at Westminster. He was appointed recorder of Exeter in 1867, and was gazetted Q.C. on 22 June 1869. Returned to parliament for Launceston in the conservative interest on 9 April 1868, he retained the seat until the general election of February 1874, when he rendered signal service to his party by wresting Frome from the liberals. In 1876 he was appointed justice of the high court and knighted (28 Nov.) He sat successively in the common pleas and queen's bench divisions until his advancement in 1885 to the court of appeal (1 Dec.), when he was sworn of the privy council (12 Dec.) He was raised to the peerage, on occasion of the queen's jubilee in 1897 (26 July), as ​Baron Ludlow of Heywood, Wiltshire, and shortly afterwards retired from the bench. He died at his town house, 8 Cromwell Place, on Christmas day 1899, leaving by his wife Cordelia Lucy (m. 20 Sept. 1854), daughter of Erving Clark of Efford Manor, Devon, an heir, Henry Ludlow, who succeeded as second Baron Ludlow. Place among the great lawyers of the nineteenth century cannot be claimed for Ludlow. He showed, however exceptional ability in nisi prius and divorce cases, and was an admirable chairman of quarter sessions.
[Foster's Men at the Bar and Alumni Oxon.; Lincoln's Inn Adm. Reg.; Law List, 1853; Haydn's Book of Dignities, ed. Ockerby; Lords' Journ. cxxix. 400; Men and Women of the Time (1895); Times, 26 Dec. 1899; Ann. Reg. 1899, ii. 182; Law Times, 30 Dec. 1899; Law Journ. 30 Dec. 1899; Law Mag. and Rev. May 1900; Burke: s Peerage (1900).]
J. M. R.