# Paper and Its Uses/Index

INDEX
Note.—The Alphabetical List of Papers, pages 113-34, is not included in the Index.
Absorbent papers, testing, 104
Accounts, stock paper, 93
Advantages of scientific conditions in machine rooms, 69
Air-dried browns, 56
Alphabetical list of papers, 113-34
Alum in paper, 6
Amount of loading permissible in paper, 20, 64
Analysis of mixture of fibres, 110
Aniline sulphate solution, 106
Animal sizing, 6
Apparatus for paper testing, 112
Art paper, 47
— — decomposition of glue in, 76
— — durability of, 65
— — manufacture of, 48
— — picking or lifting of, 73
— — testing, 73
Ashcroft paper-testing machine, 100
Ash of papers, 105
Bamboo, 3
— fibres, microscopical examination of, 110
— testing for, 107
Bank notes, 38, 39
— paper, 39
Beating engine, 9
— rags, 11 — wood pulp, 13
Bleaching powder, 11
— pulp, 11
Blotting papers, manufacture of, 51
— — enamelled, 52
Board machine, 36
Boards, box, 50
— coated, 50
— table of prices of, 141
Boards, to find prices and weights, 146
Boiling rags, 9
Bond papers, 39
Books and periodicals, 154
— mixture of shades of papers in, 81
— quantity of paper required for, 148
Bound books, direction of paper for, 78
Box boards, 50
— — manufacture of, 36
Bristol boards, manufacture of, 36
Broke, 29
Browns, air-dried, 56
— and wrappings, table of sizes, weights, and prices, 142
— cylinder-dried, 56
Bursting strain, 100
Cardboards, 59
— cockling of, 72
— table of prices of, 141
Card index boards, characteristics of, 58
Cards, table of sizes and methods of cutting, 140
— index, sizes of, and methods of cutting, 140
Care of paper, 90
Cartridge papers, 41
— — table of weights and prices, 139
Carriage panels, manufacture of, 36
Carrington paper-testing machine, 99
Cellulose, 2
— in fibres, 61
Change of colour of papers, 77
Characteristics of card index boards, 58
— — ledger papers, 39
Characteristics of printing papers, 43
Chemical wood, 3, 13
— — microscopical examination of, 110 Cheque papers, 40
China clay, 6
— — as loading, 20
Choosing paper to suit job, 80
Chromo boards, 59
— papers, 49
City and Guilds Syllabus for typography and lithography, 152-53
Classification of fibres, 64
Cloth-lined cards, coloured, 50
Coated boards, 50
— papers, 48
— — ink for, 75
Cockling of cardboards, 72
Coloured cloth-lined cards, 50
— papers, difference in shade of two sides, 85
— papers for pasting, 104
— printings, 45
Colouring matter in papers, 7, 103
— — fastness to light of, 103
— pulp, 20
Common printings, 44
Comparison between hand-, mould-, and machine-made papers, 87
— of strength by tearing, 88
Condition of knives of cutting-machines, 78
Constituents of paper, 6
Copying papers, 53
— — testing, 105
Cost of paper, to find, 146
Cotton, cellulose in, 2
— fibres, 4, 61
— microscopical examination of, 108
Couching, 16
Couch rolls, 23
Cover papers, 53
— — embossed, 54
— — pamphlet, 54
Crayon papers, 42
Cutting machine, condition of knives, 78
— watermarked papers, 79
Cutting machine webs into sheets, 32
Cylinder-dried browns, 56
Cylinder papermaking machine, 25
Dandy rolls, 22
— — effect of, 23
— — laid, 23
— — spiral laid, 23
— — wove, 23
Deckle, 15
— straps, 21
Decomposition of gelatine sizing, 76
— of glue in art paper, 76
Defects in paper, 66
Deterioration of mechanical wood papers, 65
— of paper, 63
Difference in shade of two sides of coloured papers, 85
Direction of paper for bound books, 78
Discoloration of paper, 63
Distinguishing between hand- and machine-made papers, 85, 86
— mould-made papers, 87
Drawing papers, 41
— — weights and prices of, 139
Drying cylinders, 23
— sized paper, 29
Duplex boards, manufacture of, 35
Duplicating paper, 52
— — testing, 105
Durability of art paper, 65
— of featherweight paper, 45, 64
Eddy paper-testing machines, 100
Edge runner or kollergang, 13
Elasticity of paper, 97
Electricity in paper, 74
Embossed cover papers, 54
Enamelled papers, 49
Engine-sized papers, 21, 39, 41
Envelope papers, 32
Equivalent weights of various papers, 144-45
Esparto, 3
— cellulose in, 2
— fibres, 5, 62
— — microscopical examination of, 110
— testing for, 107
— treatment of, 11
Exercise book covers, 55
Expansion of paper, 68
Extracts from City and Guilds Syllabus for typography and lithography, 152-53
Fastness to light of colouring matters, 103
Featherweight paper, 45, 64, 81
— — durability of, 45, 64
Fibre composition, examination of, 106
Fibres, bamboo, 110 — cellulose in, 61
— classification of, 64
— cotton, 4, 61, 108
— esparto, 5, 62, 110 — flax, 62
— hemp, 4, 109
— jute, 5, 109
— linen, 4, 109
— manilla, 5, 109
— microscopical examination of, 107
— straw, 5, 109
— wood, 5, 62, 1 10
Filling, 6
Filter papers, manufacture of, 51
Finish, machine, 25
Finish of paper, testing, 101
Finishing paper, 28
Flax fibres, 62
Flint glazed papers, 32, 49
Fluff from papers, 75
Folding machine, 101
— tests, 101
Fourdrinier machine, 18
Friction glazing, 31
Gummed papers, 55
— non-curling, 55
Halfstuff, 10, 12
Hand- and machine-made papers, distinguishing between, 85, 86
— — mould-made papers, distinguishing between, 87
— — — and machine-made papers, comparison between, 87
Hand-made papers, 14
— printings, 44
Hemp fibres, 4, 109
— microscopical examination of, 109
Hollander, 9
Imitation art paper, 47
— — loading in, 20
Impression paper, 52
Index cards, characteristics of, 58
— table of sizes and methods of cutting, 140
— — prices, 141
Ink for coated papers, 75
Insides, 30, 33
Iodine solution, 108
Ivory boards, manufacture of, 35
Judging paper, 80
Jute fibres, 5, 109
— microscopical examination of, 109
Kraft papers, 56
— — weights and prices, 142
Laid dandy roll, 23
Leather boards, manufacture of, 36
Ledger papers, characteristics of, 39
Leunig paper-testing machine, 98
Letterpress printers, stock papers for, 91
Linen fibres, 4, 109
— — microscopical examination of, 109
Lithographers, stock papers for, 93
Litho. papers, 46, 82
stretching of, 46, 71
Loading, 6
— amount of, permissible in printings, 26, 64
— — writings, 20, 64
— — present in imitation art papers, 20
— china clay as, 20
— testing for, 105
Loan papers, 39
Loft drying, 17
Loss of strength in papers, 64
Machine finish (M.F.), 25, 30
— made papers, 18
— — writing papers, 30
— — — tub sizing, 30
Manilla fibres, 5, 109
— microscopical examination of, 1 06
Manufacture of art paper, 48
— of blotting paper, 51
— of Bristol boards, 36
— of duplex boards, 35
— of filter paper, 51
— of ivory boards, 35
— of millboards, 36
— of pasteboards, 36
— of pulp boards, 35
— of triplex boards, 35
— of wrapping papers, 56
Marshall's paper-testing machine, 98
Maturing paper, 67, 69
Mechanical wood pulp, 4, 6, 13, 63, 110
— — papers, deterioration of, 65
— — testing for, 106
— — microscopical examination of, 110
Methods of transporting paper, 89
M.G. papers, 25
— poster papers, 47
Micrometer for testing thickness, 97
Microscope, 107
Microscopical analysis of mixture of fibres, 110
— examination of fibres, 107
— — preparation of fibres for, 107
Middles, 36
Mill ream, 33
— numbers, 25
Millboards, manufacture of, 36
— table of sizes and thicknesses, 143
Mineral matter, 6
— — testing for, 105
Mitscherlich pulp, 62
Mixture of shades of paper in books, 81
Moisture in paper, 67
Mould-made paper, 17
— printings, 44
Moulds for hand-made paper, 15
Mullen paper-testing machine, 100
Multi-copying paper, 52
News, ream of, 34
Non-curling gummed paper, 55
Note and letter papers, table of sizes of, 135
Number of copies from given quantity of paper, 147
Offcuts, 95
Opacity of paper, testing, 100
Outsides, 33
Oxford India paper, 44
Pamphlet cover papers, 54
Paper, absorbent, 104
— amount of loading present in, 20
— bamboo in, 107, 110
— bursting strain of, 100
— care of, 90
— chemical wood in, 110
— cockling of, 72
— coloured, for pasting, 104
— colouring matter in, 7, 103
— constituents of, 61
— copying, 105
— curing machine, 70
— cotton in, 108
— defects in, 66
— deterioration of, 63
— discoloration of, 63
— duplicating, 105
— elasticity of, 97
— electricity in, 74
— envelope, 32
— esparto in, 107, 110 — expansion of, 68
— featherweight, 64, 81
— finish of, 101
— flint glazed, 31
— fluff from, 75
— for colour work, 82
— for register work, 72
— for programmes, 81
— for varnished work, 82
— gummed, 55
— hand-made, 14
— hemp in, 109
— jute in, 109
— linen in, 109
— machine-made, 18
— maturing, 67, 69
— manilla in, 109
— mechanical wood in, 65, 105, 110
— M.G., 25
— microscopical examination of, 107
— moisture in, 67
— mould-made, 17
— opacity of, 100
— poster, 82
— proof, 83
— printing qualities of, 111
— quantity required for books, 148
— set-off, 83
— sizes, weights, and prices, 135
— sorting, 33
— squareness of, 97
— starch in, 103
— straw in, 107
— stretching of, 71
— surface of, 101
— tensile strength of, 97
— testing, 96
— — machines, 98, 99, 100
— thickness of, 97
— to calculate weight of, 146
— to find cost of, 146
— transporting, 89
— varnishable, 83
— wavy edges to, 72
Papermaking— — hand-made, 15
— machine, wet end of, 21
— materials for, 1 — rags for, 3
Paper testing, 96
— — apparatus for, 112
— — machine, Ashcroft, 100
— — — Carrington, 99
— — — Eddy, 100
— — — Leunig, 98
— — — Marshall's, 98
— — — Mullen, 100
— — — Rehse, 100
— — — Southworth, 100
— — — Woolley, 100
Paper trade customs, 149-51
Papers, alphabetical list of, 113-34
Papyrus, 1
Pasteboards, manufacture of, 36
Pastings, 36
Perfect ream, 34
Phloroglucine solution, 106
Picking or lifting of art papers, 73
Plate papers, 47
— rolling, 29
Portmanteau boards, manufacture of, 36
Position and condition of stock room, 89
Poster papers, 47, 82
— — M.G., 47
Preparation of fibres for microscopical examination, 107
Presse-pate machine, 12
Pressings, 55
Prices and weights of boards, to find, 146
— of boards, 141
— of brown and wrapping papers, 142
— of printing papers, 137
— of writing papers, 139
Printing papers, 43
— — coloured, 45
— — common, 44
— — loading in, 20
— — — permissible in, 64
— — qualities, 111
— — table of sizes and weights, 136
— — — weights and prices, 137
Programme papers, 81
Proofs, paper for, 83
Pulp boards, 58
— — manufacture of, 35
Quantity of paper required for books, 148
Rags, beating, 11 — boiling, 9
— for papermaking, 3, 8
— sorting, 8 — washing, 9, 10
Raw materials for papermaking, 1 — — reduction to pulp, 8
Ream, mill, 33
— news, 34
— perfect, 34
— stationers', 34
— wrappers, 57
Reed pulp, 3
Register work, paper for, 72
Rehse paper-testing machine, 100 Remedy for faults in art papers, 73
Resistance to wear, testing for, 101
Retree, 29, 33
Right side of paper, 79, 83
Rolling printed work, 76
Ruling on various papers, 76
Sample portfolio, 95
Set-off sheets, 83
Sheets in a reel, to calculate, 147
Single cylinder papermaking machine, 25
Size of sheets, checking, 97
Sizing, animal, 6
— engine, 21
— — testing for, 102
— tub, 6, 28
— — testing for, 102
— vegetable, 6, 21
Slate boards, manufacture of, 36
Society of Arts and deterioration of paper, 63
Soda pulp, 3
Sorting paper, 29
— rags, 8
Southworth paper-testing machine, 100
Spiral laid dandy roll, 23
Squareness, testing for, 97
Starch, testing for, 103
Stationers' ream, 34
Stock accounts, 93
— papers for letterpress printers, 91
— — lithographers, 93
Stock room, position and condition of, 89
Stocktaking, 94
Straw, 3, 5, 109
— fibres, 5, 109
— microscopical examination of, 109
— testing for, 107
Stretch in litho. paper, 46, 71
Stretching of paper, 71
Suction boxes, 23
Sulphate pulp, 4
Sulphite pulp, 4
Surface-coloured enamel papers, 49
Surface of papers, testing, 101
Super-calendered (S.C.) papers, 30
Super-calendering, 25
"Swift" paper curing machine, 70
Table of equivalent weights, 144-45
— of prices of boards, 141
— of sizes and thicknesses of millboards, 143
— — of cards, 140
— — of index cards, 140
— of note and letter papers, 135
— of sizes, weights, and prices of browns and wrappings, 142
— printings, 136
— writings, 138
Tearing as a method of comparing strength, 88
Tensile strength, 97
Testing absorbent paper, 104
— art paper, 73
— bursting strain, 100
— coloured papers for pasting, 104
— copying paper, 105
— duplicating paper, 105
— elasticity, 97
— fastness of colours, 103
— for bamboo in paper, 107, 110 — — chemical wood, 110
— — cotton in paper, 108
— — esparto in paper, 107, 110 — — hemp in paper, 109
— — jute in paper, 109
— — linen in paper, 109
— — loading, 105
— — manilla in paper, 109
— — mechanical wood, 106, iio
— — mineral matter, 105
— — starch, 103
— — straw in paper, 107, 109
— — various faults, 111
— opacity, 100
— printing qualities, 111
— resistance to wear, 101
— sizing of papers, 102
— squareness, 97
— surface, 101
— thickness of papers, 97
Testing paper, 96
Thickness of sheets, 97
Tinted printings, 45
Tissue papers, 53
Toned printings, 45
Torn paper, 111
Transporting paper, 89
Treatment of esparto, 11
— of rags, 9
Triplex boards, 59
— manufacture of, 35
Tub-sizing, 28
— testing for, 102
— writing papers, 30
Typewriting papers, 40
Usual weights and sizes of browns and wrappings, 142
— — printings, 136
— — writings, 138
Varnishable paper, 83
Varnished work, paper for, 82
Washing rags, 9, 10
Water finish, 30
Waterleaf, 17
Watermarked paper, cutting, 79
Watermarks, 15, 25
Wavy edges, 72
Wearing qualities of paper, 64
Weight of paper, to calculate, 146
— of browns and wrappings, 142
— of printings, 136
— of writings, 138 Wet end of paper machine, 21
Wildness in paper, 112
Wire mark in paper, 84
Wood fibres, 5, 62, 110
— microscopical examination of, 110
— pulp, 13
— beating, 13
— chemical, 3, 13, 110
— mechanical, 3, 6, 13, 110
Wood, mechanical, testing for, 106
— Mitscherlich, 62 Woolley paper-testing machine, 100 Wove dandy roll, 23
Wrapping papers, 55
— — manufacture of, 56
Writing papers, 39
— — loading in, 20, 64 tables of sizes, weights, and prices, 138
Yankee papermaking machine, 25