OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Abgrund

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Abgrund | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Abgrund, m., ‘abyss, precipice,’ from MidHG. abgrunt, m., most frequently abgründe, n., OHG. abgrunti, n., ‘abyss,’ properly ‘declivity’; comp. Goth. afgrundiþa, f., ‘abyss.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Ablats

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Ablats | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Ablats, m., ‘sluice, remission,’ from MidHG. ablâȥ, m., OHG. áblâȥ, n., ‘indulgence, remission, pardon’; comp. Goth. áflêts, m., ‘remission, pardon.’ allied to af-lẽtan, ‘to remit, pardon,’ OHG. ob-lâȥȥan.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Abenteuer

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Abenteuer | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Abenteuer, n., ‘adventure,’ from ​MidHG. âventiure, f., ‘occurrence, a marvellous, fortunate event, a poem on such a theme, sources of the court poets’; the latter is derived from Fr. aventure (MidLat. adventura, allied to MidLat. and Rom. advenire, ‘to happen’).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Aberraute

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Aberraute | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Aberraute, f., ‘southern-wood,’ a corruption of Lat-Gr. abrotonum (Fr. aurone), due to its supposed connection with Raute; see also Ebritz.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Abgott

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Abgott | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Abgott, m., ‘idol,’ from MidHG. and OHG. abgot, n., ‘idol, idolatrous image’; note the retention of the older gender of Gott as late as MidHG.; comp. Goth. afguþs, ‘godless’ (antithesis to gaguþs, ‘pious’); hence Abgott is properly ‘false god’; see Aberwitz.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Abend

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Abend | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Abend, m., ‘evening,’ from the equiv. MidHG. âbent (âbunt); OHG. âband, m.; corresponding to OSax. âƀand, Du. avond, AS. œ̂fen, ‘evening,’ whence E. eve; also the deriv. AS. œ̂fning, E. evening (comp. morning); OIc. aptann; similarly Goth. andanahti, orig. sense ‘forenight,’ and sagqs, lit. ‘setting.’ The SEurop. term corresponding to Gr. ἕσπερος, Lat. vesper, is non-Teut. (comp. West and Winter). A verb aben (ooben), ‘to grow dusk,’ adduced from the Swiss dialects to explain Abend, can be none other than a later derivative of Abend. Moreover, Abend (base êp-) can scarcely be connected with ab (base apo), as if Abend were the waning period of the day. According to old Teut. notions, the evening was regarded rather as the beginning of the following day. See Sonnabend and Fastnacht.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Aberglaube

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Aberglaube | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Aberglaube, m., ‘superstition,’ first occurs in early ModHG. (15th cent.); since Luther it has made its way into ModHG.; orig. a LG. word (comp. Adebar, Demut), as the vowel-sounds indicate. LG. aber, for over, ober, points to OLG. *oƀar-gilóðo (Du. overgeloof), ‘superstition,’ which is formed after the model of Lat. superstitio; comp. Dan. overtro, Sw. öfvertro, but also in MidLG. bîgelôve, Du. bijgeloof.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Abseite

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Abseite | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Abseite, f., ‘wing, aisle,’ from MidHG. apsîte, f., ‘the domed recess of a church,’ a corruption of MidLat. and OHG. absida (Gr. ἀψίς), ‘vault,’ due to its supposed connection with sîte, ‘side.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Aas

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Aas | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Aas, n., from the equiv. MidHG., OHG. and OLG. âs, n., ‘carcass, carrion'; comp. the equiv. AS. œ̂s; allied to essen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/drohen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/drohen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ drohen, vb., ‘threaten,’ from the equiv. MidHG. drôu, wk. vb., which is the denominative of an earlier dro, f., ‘threat.’ The more ancient vb. is ModHG. dräuen, from MidHG. dröuwen, drouwen, OHG. dręwen, drouwen; Goth. *þraujan, AS. þreán þreáde) (equiv. to E. to threaten). OHG. drô, drôa (gen. drawa), corresponds to AS. þreá; Goth. þrawa is wanting, gen. þrawôs, f., ‘threat.’ In E. the word is obsolete. Beyond Teut. there are no cognates.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/ducken

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/ducken | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ ducken, vb., ‘to bow, duck, stoop, dive,’ with LG. initial d, from MidHG. tucken, tücken, ‘to incline the body quickly, bend, bow'; prob. a frequentative of MidHG. tûchen, ‘to dive,’ which see.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/dritte

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/dritte | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ dritte, ord. of drei, ‘third,’ MidHG. dritte, OHG. dritto; corresponds to Goth. þridja; AS. þridda, E. third. þri- is the stem (see Drillich), dja the suffix, which forms the ordinal from the cardinal; it is -lio- in Lat. tertius Sans. tṛtîya-s. —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/du

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/du | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ du, 2nd pers. pron., ‘thou’; from MidHG. and OHG. du, and the collateral MidHG. and OHG. dû; comp. AS. þû, E. thou; Lat. tu, Gr. τύ, σύ, and Sans. tvam, are prim. cognates. The details respecting the Aryan pronom. stem belong to grammar.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/drängen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/drängen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ drängen, vb., ‘to press, pinch, dun,’ from MidHG. dręngen, factitive of dringen. Drangsal is early ModHG.; -sal is the frequent. ModHG., suffix, the older form of which is as isal, Goth. isl, AS. and E. -ls. Goth. formed from the same stem, but by a different gradation, an abstract þreihsl, ‘hardship, oppression.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/dröhnen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/dröhnen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ dröhnen, vb., ‘to roar, mumble, creak, drone,’ simply ModHG., borrowed from LG. drönen; comp. Du. dreunen, OIc. drynja, vb., ‘to drone, roar,’ OIc. drynr, m., ‘droning,’ Goth. drunjus, m., ‘loud sound.’ See derivatives of the same root drē̆n, dhrē̆n, under Drohne; comp. besides Gr. θρῆνος, ‘lamentation.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/drücken

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/drücken | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ drücken, drucken, ‘to press, oppress, hug, print,’ from MidHG. drücken, drucken, OHG. drucchen (comp. AS. þryccan, ‘to press’), MidHG. drucken, an unmodified UpG. variant, has a specialised meaning in ModHG. In Goth. the subst. would be *þrukks, the vb. þrukkjan. Since the MidHG. vb. drücken is equiv. to ‘to press, throng, oppress, thrust oneself,’ the meanings harmonise well with dringen, which is based upon an Aryan root trenk, while drücken would be derived from a root trek without the nasal; the kk of the theoretical Goth. form originated probably in kn. —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/dudeln

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/dudeln | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ dudeln, vb., simply ModHG. formed from the equiv. Pol. dudlić, ‘to play the bagpipes,’ from dudy, ‘bagpipe.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/dringen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/dringen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ dringen, vb., ‘to press, crowd, pierce,’ from MidHG. dringen, OHG. dringan, ‘to compress, throng, press on,’ then also ‘to plait, weave’ (MidHG. drîhe, ‘embroidering needle’); comp. Goth. þreihan (eih from inh), ‘to throng, oppress, cram; afflict.’ The Teut. root is þrinhw, þrung; comp. also with OHG. dringan, OSax. thringan, AS. þringan, ‘to press,’ OIc. Þryngva. The h was retained by MidHG. drîhe, f., ‘embroidering needle,’ whence MidHG. drîhen, ‘to embroider.’ — With the general meaning ‘to press’ are connected ModHG. Drang, drängen, Gedränge (OHG. gidręngi), Goth. þraihns, ‘crowd’ (in faihuþraihns, ‘wealth’); E. throng. With the Teut. cognates Lith. trėnkti, ‘to shake, push,’ trànksmas, ‘din, tumult,’ Lett. treckt, ‘to shatter,’ are primit. allied.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/drollig

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/drollig | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ drollig, adj., ‘droll, ludicrous, queer,’ simply ModHG. from LG. drullig, Du. drollig; E. droll (subst. and adj.), also adj. drollish; Fr. drôle, ‘droll, merry.’ None of these are recorded in the older periods of the several languages, hence their origin (Rom.? Teut.?). is obscure. The derivation from the Scand. name trǫll applied to ghostly monsters is improbable, for in the Scand. dialects the word has an initial t while the. ModHG. drollig and its cognates have d.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/zag

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry zag. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ zag, adjective ‘faint-hearted, shy, irresolute,’ from Middle High German zage, Old High German zago, zag, adjective, ‘faint-hearted, cowardly.’ A derivative of Modern High German zagen, ‘to lack courage, hesitate’ (compare wach and wachen), Middle High German zagen, Old High German zagên. It is not probable that the word was borrowed, in spite of the few cognates of the Teutonic stem tag. This is probably derived from a Gothic *at-agan (1st singular *ataga, equivalent to Irish ad-agur, ‘to be afraid’) by apocope of the initial vowel; at is probably a prefix Gothic agan, ‘I am afraid,’ is based on the widely diffused Old Teutonic root ag (Aryan agh), ‘to be afraid,’ with which Greek ἄχος, ‘pain, distress,’ is also connected.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/zanken

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry zanken. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ zanken, verb, ‘to quarrel,’ from late Middle High German zanken, zęnken, ‘to dispute’; a remarkably late word, not recorded in the earlier Teutonic periods. Perhaps Middle High German zanke (a variant of Zinke), ‘prong, point,’ is the base of zanken, which must then have meant ‘to be pointed.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/würzen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry würzen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/zahm

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry zahm. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ zahm, adjective, ‘tame, tractable, docile,’ from the equivalent Middle High German and Old High German zam; corresponding to Dutch tam, Anglo-Saxon tǫm, ‘E. tame, and Old Icelandic tamr, ‘tame, domesticated.’ Allied to zähmen, verb, ‘to tame, domesticate, break in, check,’ from Middle High German zęmen (zęmmen), Old High German zęmmen (from *zamjan), weak verb, ‘to tame’; corresponding to Gothic gatamjan, Old Icelandic temja, Dutch temmen, ‘to tame.’ The connection between the Teutonic cognates and Latin domare, Greek δαμᾶν, Sanscrit damáy (damany), ‘to subdue, compel,’ is undoubted. The relation of these cognates based on dom, ‘to subdue,’ to a similar root appearing in Modern High German ziemen (Teutonic root tem, ‘to be suitable, be fitted’) is obscure. Old High German zęmmen, ‘to tame,’ looks as if it were a causative of Old High German zëman, ‘to be adapted, suit excellently.’ In that case it is remarkable that the primary verb has been preserved in Teutonic only; but was it perhaps deduced from the causative? (see wecken).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/würdig

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry würdig. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ würdig, adjective, ‘worthy, estimable,’ from the equivalent Middle High German wirdec, Old High German wirdîg.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/wüst

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry wüst. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ wüst, adjective, ‘desert, waste, confused, disorderly,’ from Middle High German wüeste, Old High German wuosti, ‘desolate, uncultivated, empty’; corresponding to Old Saxon wôsti, Dutch woest, Anglo-Saxon wêste, ‘waste.’ —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/zappeln

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry zappeln. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ zappeln, verb, ‘to move convulsively, sprawl, flounder,’ from the equivalent Middle High German zappeln. a variant of zabeln, Old High German zabalôn (zappalôn?), ‘to sprawl.’ A specifically High German, probably of recent onomatopoetic origin.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/zart

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry zart. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ zart, adjective, ‘tender, soft, fragile, nice,’ from Middle High German and Old High German zart, adjective, ‘dear, beloved, precious, confidential, fine, beautiful’; unknown to the other Old Teutonic dialects. Like the properly equivalent traut, zart appears to be a participle with the suffix to-. Teutonic tar-do, from Aryan dr-tó- (compare satt, tot), is most closely related to the Zend participle dereta, ‘honoured’; compare Sanscrit â-dṛ, ‘to direct one's attention to something.’ The Teutonic word cannot have been borrowed from Latin carus, ‘dear.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/zaudern

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry zaudern. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ zaudern, verb, ‘to hesitate, delay, procrastinate,’ allied to Middle High German (Middle German) zûwen (*zûwern), weak verb, ‘to draw,’ which seems like zögern, to be connected with ziehen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/würgen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry würgen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ würgen, verb, ‘to choke, strangle, throttle,’ from the equivalent Middle High German würgen (Middle German worgen), weak verb, Old High German wurgen (from *wurgjan). Beside this weak verb there existed a strong verbal root, Teutonic werg (deduced from the equivalent Middle High German erwërgen), from Aryan wergh, from which Lithuanian verszti (verżu), ‘to lace together, press firmly,’ and Old Slovenian vrŭzą, ‘to chain, bind,’ are derived. The word has also been compared with the Aryan root wrengh (see ringen).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/erdrosseln

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry erdrosseln. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ erdrosseln, see Drossel (2).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/er

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry er. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ er, pronoun, ‘he, it,’ from Middle High German and Old High German ër, corresponding to the equivalent Gothic is, from a pronominal stem of the third person i-; compare Latin i-s (Latin id, Gothic ita, Old High German and Middle High German ëȥ, Modern High German es). Akin to the Sanscrit pronominal stem i-.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/er-

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry er-. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ er-, prefix, signifying ‘transition, beginning, attaining,’ from Middle High German er-, Old High German ir, ar, ur-, the unaccented verbal prefix from the accented ur-. See the latter.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/ergötzen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry ergötzen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ ergötzen, ergetzen, verb, ‘to delight,’ from Middle High German ergętzen, ‘to cause to forget (especially grief), compensate for’; factitive of Middle High German ergeȥȥen, ‘to forget.’ See vergessen. —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/erhaben

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry erhaben. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ erhaben, adjective, ‘sublime, exalted, superior to,’ from the equivalent Middle High German erhaben, which is properly a participle of Middle High German erhęben, ‘to raise aloft.’ —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/erlaucht

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry erlaucht. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ erlaucht, adjective, ‘illustrious, noble,’ from Middle High German erliuht (with a Middle German vowel erlûht), ‘illuminated, famous’; a participle of erliuhten. See leuchten and Durchlaut.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/erobern

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry erobern. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ erobern, verb, ‘to conquer, win,’ from Middle High German er-obern, ‘to excel, conquer,’ allied to ober, über. —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/erfahren

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry erfahren. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ erfahren, verb, ‘to experience, come to know, learn, undergo,’ from Middle High German ervarn, ‘to travel, inquire, investigate, proclaim’; akin to fahren. —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/erinnern

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry erinnern. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ erinnern, verb, ‘to remind, admonish,’ (reflexive) ‘to recollect, remember,’ from Middle High German innern, inren, ‘to remind, inform, instruct,’ akin to inner.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/erlauben

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry erlauben. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ erlauben, earlier erleuben, verb, ‘to allow, permit, grant,’ from Middle High German erlouben (erleuben), Old High German irlouben (irlouppen), ‘to allow’; compare Gothic uslaubjan, ‘to permit, grant,’ Anglo-Saxon âlŷfan. The original meaning of erlauben, like that of glauben, is ‘to approve,’ which is also inherent in the Teutonic root lub, upon which the word is based (compare Lob, lieb, Glaube, which are connected by gradation of the root lub, liub, laub). An old abstract of erlauben appears in Modern High German Urlaub.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/blühen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/blühen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ blühen, vb., ‘to bloom, flower,’ from the equiv. MidHG. blüen, blüejen, OHG. bluojan; a wk. vb., which, however, judging by AS. blôwan (E. to blow), ‘to bloom,’ was formerly strong; Goth. *blôjan. the Teut. stem blô- has a wide ramification in particular dialects; the primary sense is ‘to bloom.’ It is further apparent in many words for Blatt (‘leaf’) and Blume (‘flower’); see the following word, where the non-Teut. cognates are discussed.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/bohnen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/bohnen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ bohnen, vb., ‘to wax (a floor), polish,’ first occurs in ModHG. from the equiv. LG. bônen; comp. Du. boenen, ‘to scour,’ AS. bônian, ‘to polish’ (E. dial. to boon, ‘to mend roads’). Allied to these is the MidHG. büenen (orig. HG.), ‘to polish’ (Goth. *bônjan). The Teut. root bôn, from pre-Teut. bhân, ‘to shine, glitter,’ is probably connected with the Gr. root φαν (φαίνω), Sans. bhânu, ‘sheen, light, ray,’ OIr. bán, ‘white.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/boll

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/boll | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ boll, adj., ‘stiff (of leather), brittle, hard’; ModHG. only; origin obscure.