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# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Wise, Bernhard Ringrose

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​Wise, Bernhard Ringrose, M.L.A., B.A., is second son of the late Mr. Justice Wise (q.v.), and graduated B.A. at Queen's College, Oxford (of which he was scholar), in 1881. He entered at the Middle Temple in Oct. 1879, and was called to the Bar in England and New South Wales in April 1883. Mr. Wise married, on April 2nd, 1884, Lilian Margaret, third surviving daughter of John Forster Baird, of Bowmont Hill, Northumberland, and of St. Aidan's, Hampstead. He entered the Legislative Assembly of New South Wales as member for South Sydney, and was Attorney-General in the Parkes Government from Jan. 1887 to Feb. 1888, when he left the Ministry. At the general election in 1889 he was defeated for South Sydney, and was also an unsuccessful candidate for the West Macquarie district. Mr. Wise has contributed a number of articles on Australian subjects to the English magazines. He is very eulogistically referred to in Sir Charles Dilke's recently published "Problems of Greater Britain," and was re-elected for South Sydney in 1891. In the following year he published "Industrial Freedom: A Study in Politics" (Cassell & Co.). Mr. Wise was a friend and associate of the late Arnold Toynbee, and approaches industrial questions in the spirit of that stimulating thinker. His latest work is dedicated to Sir Henry Parkes, "an honoured chief and friend," and has been suggested and inspired by the circumstances of the free-trade controversy at the Antipodes. "For seven years the writer has been engaged by the side of Sir Henry Parkes in the forefront of an ​active political controversy with the protectionists of his native country, until he has gained an exceptional familiarity with the modes of thought and expression that win favour for protection among voters. The aim of the work is to make use of this special knowledge of protectionist arguments to put together a complete and scientific statement of the free-trade case, from the point of view of one who is addressing himself to the voters of a democratic country."
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Wood, Hon. John Dennistoun

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​Wood, Hon. John Dennistoun, is the son of the late Captain Patrick Wood, of the East India Company's military service, and was born at Dennistoun, Tas., on July 4th, 1829. When eleven years of age he went to England to complete his education, and entered as a student at the Middle Temple in Nov. 1845, but was not called to the Bar till Jan. 1852. The next year Mr. Wood went out to Victoria and entered on the practice of his profession before the Supreme Court in Melbourne. In 1857 he was returned to the Legislative Assembly for the Ovens district, having previously, in March of that year, been appointed Solicitor-General in the first O'Shanassy Government, which, however, only held office till April 29th. In the Nicholson Administration Mr. Wood was Attorney-General from Oct. 1859 to Nov. 1860, and he was Minister of Justice in the third O'Shanassy Cabinet from Nov. 1861 to June 1863. Having been defeated for the Ovens, and subsequently for Gippsland, Mr. Wood ultimately secured his return for Warrnambool. Soon after his retirement, with his colleagues in the O'Shanassy Ministry, Mr. Wood left Victoria, and took up his residence in London, where he practised his profession ​mainly before the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in colonial appeal cases. In 1889 he returned to Victoria, and resumed practice at the local Bar.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Miles, Hon. William

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​Miles, Hon. William, M.L.A., was born in 1817 at Hails Quarry, near Edinburgh, and emigrated to New South Wales in 1838. He was employed on Mr. W. H. Chapman's station on the Macleay river, until 1852, when he commenced squatting on his own account on the Dawson river, in the present colony of Queensland. He was returned to the Queensland Legislative Assembly for Maranoa in 1865, for Carnarvon in 1874, and subsequently for Darling Downs. He was Colonial Secretary in the Douglas Ministry, from March to Nov. 1877, when he was transferred to the Public Works Department; but resigned in Feb. 1878, and was succeeded by Sir Samuel Griffith, in whose first Ministry he was Secretary for Public Works and Mines from Nov. 1883 till his death on August 21st, 1887.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Meyer, Oscar

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​Meyer, Oscar, son of Gasper Theodor Meyer by his marriage with Virginia Vannetti, was born at Florence, Italy, Oct. 26th, 1851. He was educated in that city, and took part in various exhibitions in his native country. In 1878 he was in Paris in charge of the principal Italian exhibits. In 1879 he represented the Italian Court at the International Exhibition in Sydney; Commissioner for New South Wales at the International Geographical Congress at Venice, 1881; superintendent of the New South Wales Court at the Melbourne International Exhibition 1888-9; Commissioner for New South Wales at the New Zealand and South Seas Exhibition at Dunedin 1889-90; Executive Commissioner for New South Wales at the International Exhibition of Mining and Metallurgy, held at the Crystal Palace, July to Oct 1890. Mr. Meyer was married at Tamworth, New South Wales, Oct. 1st, 1881, to Miss Maria Rodgers of Glen Elgin, New England, New South Wales.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Midwinter, William

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​Midwinter, William, the well-known cricketer, was born in the Forest of Dean, Gloucestershire, on June 19th, 1852, and went to Australia when an infant with his parents, and learnt his cricket at Bendigo, Vict., being for several years a prominent member of the Bendigo United Cricket Club. He played for Victoria against New South Wales in nine intercolonial matches, commencing in 1875 and ending in 1887, his batting average in those matches for 17 innings being 20.53 runs per innings, and he bowled 1,956 balls, taking 32 wickets at an average cost of 16.81 runs per wicket. In 1877 Midwinter went to England, and was immediately engaged by the Gloucestershire county club, for whom he did yeoman service with both bat and ball, and was also a prominent member of W. G. Grace's famous and successful United South of England eleven. On the arrival of Gregory's Australian eleven in the old country in 1878 Midwinter joined them, but after he had taken part in the first five matches he was compelled to sever his connection with the Australian team on account of his previous English engagement. In 1880 he returned to Australia for a trip, but went back to England, and his next visit to the colonies was as a member of Shaw and Shrewsbury's English eleven in 1881-82. He subsequently revisited England as a member of Murdoch's Australian eleven in 1884, and after returning to Melbourne was the lessee of various hotels in the city and suburbs. He died at the Kew ​Asylum, near Melbourne, on Dec. 3rd, 1890.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Miller, Hon. Henry

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​Miller, Hon. Henry, was the son of the late Captain Henry Miller, of H.M.'s 40th Regiment of foot, who served with distinction in the Peninsular War, and was at the battle of Waterloo. He was born at Londonderry on Dec. 31st, 1809. In 1823 his father proceeded with a detachment of his regiment in charge of a batch of convicts to Sydney, his family accompanying him. Shortly afterwards he was appointed commandant at Moreton Bay, where he spent eighteen months, and was then transferred to Van Diemen's Land, where he died at Hobart in 1866. After the arrival of the family in what was afterwards Tasmania, Mr. Miller obtained an appointment as an accountant in the audit office at Hobart, and at the age of twenty-four married Eliza, second daughter of the late Captain Mattinson of the Merchant Service. In 1839 Mr. Miller visited Port Phillip, and subsequently resigned his appointment in Tasmania, and came to Melbourne, where he settled at Richmond. He was one of the promoters of the Bank of Victoria, which was incorporated in Oct. 1852, and was elected as the first chairman of directors, a post which he continued to occupy up till his death. He also originated a number of Insurance Companies and Building Societies. On the separation of Port Phillip from New South Wales in 1851, Mr. Miller was elected to represent South Bourke, Evelyn and Mornington, in the old Legislative Council. In July 1852 Mr. Miller induced the Legislative Council to petition the Queen to authorise the establishment of a branch of the Royal mint in Melbourne. Mr. Miller supported the ballot, and on the inauguration of the constitution in 1856 he was returned to the Upper House for the Central province. On the formation of the first O'Shanassy Administration, in March 1858, Mr. Miller became Minister of ​Trade and Customs, and was sworn of the Executive Council, and elected to the Legislative Council for the Western province. In July 1866 he joined the first MᶜCulloch Ministry as Commissioner of Railways, but on going before his constituents he was defeated, and resigned office in Jan. 1867, retiring thenceforward from public life. Mr. Miller was a most successful speculator in Melbourne property, and having conducted his investments with marvellous prudence, died on Feb. 7th, 1888, leaving enormous wealth.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Milford, Samuel Frederick

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​Milford, Samuel Frederick, sometime Puisne Judge, New South Wales, was the eldest son of Samuel Frederick Milford, D.L., of Heavitree, Devonshire, and was born at Exeter, in that county, on Sept. 16th, 1797. He received his preliminary education at the High School, Exeter, and afterwards graduated M.A. at St John's College, Cambridge. He was called to the Bar at Lincoln's Inn, London, and practised his profession for several years at Bristol, where he held the appointment of judge of the Diocesan Ecclesiastical Court. Owing to bad health, he was induced to seek an appointment in Australia. Through the influence of his cousin Sir William Follett, the then Attorney-General of England, .he was appointed Master in Equity of New South Wales, and left London in Sept. 1842 for Sydney. He landed on Jan. 1st, 1843, and held the post of Master in Equity, together with that of Chief Commissioner of Insolvent Estates, until his appointment as Resident Judge in the district of Moreton Bay (now Queensland) in Jan. 1856. Thence he returned to Sydney in Feb. 1859, and was a Supreme Court Judge till his death on May 26th, 1865. He held also during this period the offices of Judge of the Court of Vice-Admiralty and Primary Judge in Equity.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Mewburn, William Richmond

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​Mewburn, William Richmond, manager of the Union Bank of Australia, Limited, was born at Acomb, Northumberland, on August 26th, 1834. In Feb. 1854 he became a junior clerk in the Union Bank of Australia, Limited, in London. Mr. Mewburn was appointed assistant-secretary of the Bank in Jan. 1864, secretary in Jan. 1866, and manager in Sept. 1876. Mr. Mewburn returned from a visit to Australia and New Zealand in 1888.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Michael, James Lionel

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​Michael, James Lionel, was one of the earliest of Australian poets. He was a solicitor at Grafton, in New South Wales, and published in Sydney in 1854 a volume entitled "Songs without Music," a collection of tuneful lyrics, and in 1857 "John Cumberland," a long narrative poem, containing passages of distinct ability. He was found drowned in the Clarence river in 1868.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Middleton, Lieut.-General Sir Frederick Dobson

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​Middleton, Lieut.-General Sir Frederick Dobson, K.C.M.G., C.B., son of the late Major-General Middleton, 3rd Dragoons, by his marriage with Fanny, daughter of C. Wheatley, was born in 1825, and entered the army in 1842. He became captain in 1852, major in 1858, lieut.-colonel in 1869, colonel in 1875, major-general in 1885, and retired as lieut.-general in 1887. General Middleton served with the 58th Regiment in the New Zealand war, 1846-7. He was present at the capture of Kawiti's Pah, and at the repulse of the attack on Wanganui. For his services he was mentioned in despatches, and received a medal. He served with distinction through the Indian Mutiny. From 1874 to 1884 he was Commandant and Secretary of the Royal Military College. Sandhurst, and in the latter year was appointed to the command of forces during the rebellion in the north-western territory, in Canada, and commanded the Canadian Militia with the local rank of Major-General until 1890, when he resigned. He was created C.B. in 1881, and K.C.M.G. in 1885. Sir Frederick married, in 1870, Eugenie Marie, daughter of Theodore Dowcet, of Montreal.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Miller, Granville George

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​Miller, Granville George, Judge of the District Court, Queensland, is the youngest son of the late Robert Miller, serjeant-at law, and was born in London in 1847, and educated at Trinity Hall, Cambridge, where he graduated B.A. in 1874. He entered at the Inner Temple in Nov. 1873, and was called to the Bar in Nov. 1876, when he at once emigrated to Queensland, where from 1879 to 1882 he held the office of Master of Titles. In 1882 he was appointed Crown Prosecutor, and in November of that year Judge of the Central District Court.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Eckhel, Joseph Hilary

Edition of 1920. See also Joseph Hilarius Eckhel on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
ECKHEL, ĕk'ĕl, Joseph Hilary, Austrian numismatist: b. Enzersfeld, Austria, 1737; d. 1798. After becoming a member of the Society of Saint Ignatius he was appointed keeper of the imperial cabinet of medals and
professor of archæology at Vienna. Eckhel may be regarded as the founder of the science of numismatics, the principles of which are elaborately developed in his treatise, ‘Doctrina Nummorum Veterum’ (8 vols., 792-98). He also published catalogues of the ancient coins and gems in the imperial cabinet.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Eckstein, Ernst

Edition of 1920. See also Ernst Eckstein on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
ECKSTEIN, ĕk-stīn Ernst, German humorist, poet and novelist: b. Giessen, 6 Feb. 1845; d. 1900. From the university he went to Paris, and there completed his comic epos, ‘Check to the Queen’ (1870), and wrote ‘Paris Silhouettes’ (1873), the grotesque night-piece ‘The Varzin Ghosts’ and the ‘Mute of Seville.’ Later he wrote the stories ‘Margherita’; ‘At the Tomb of Cestius’; ‘The Mosque at Cordova.’ He was editor of a literary and critical journal, Hall of Poets, and of a humorous weekly, The Wag, at Leipzig, for some years, and in 1885 settled in Dresden. He also wrote ‘The Claudii’; ‘Aphrodite, a Story of Ancient Hellas’; ‘Decius the Flute-player: a Merry Story of a Musician in Ancient Rome.’ He is distinguished by a polished literary style and careful handling of plots.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Eddy, Henry Turner

Edition of 1920. See also Henry Turner Eddy on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
EDDY, Henry Turner, American scientist: b. Stoughton, Mass., 9 June 1844. He was educated at Yale and later took a further scientific course in Berlin and Paris. After holding a professorship in mathematics, astronomy and civil engineering at the University of Cincinnati 1874-90, and acting as dean of the academic faculty of that institution (1874-77, 1884-89), he became its president in 1890. He was also president of the Rose Polytechnic Institute at Terra Haute, Ind., from 1891 to 1894, when he accepted the chair of engineering and mechanics at the University of Minnesota. He
became dean of the Graduate School of the latter university in 1906, and professor and dean emeritus in 1912. He published ‘Analytical Geometry’ (1874); ‘Researches in Graphical Statics’ (1878); ‘Thermodynamics’ {18?9); ‘Neue Constructionen aus der graphischen Statik’ (1880); ‘Maximum Stresses under Concentrated Loads’ (1890); ‘Theory of the Flexure and Strength of Rectangular Flat Plates Applied to Reinforced Concrete Floor Slabs’ (1913); ‘Concrete Steel Construction’ (1914); and numerous scientific and technical papers.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Eddy, Clarence

Edition of 1920. See also Clarence Eddy on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
EDDY, Clarence, American organist and composer: b. Greenfield, Mass., 23 June 1851. He studied under Buck in Hartford, counterpoint under Haupt, and piano under Loeschhorn in Berlin. In 1874-76 he was organist of the First Congregational Church, Chicago; afterward organist and choirmaster of the First Presbyterian Church for 17 years and from 1875 to 1908 was director of the Hershey School of Musical Art. In 1877-79 he gave a series of 100 organ recitals, with entirely different programs, a memorable achievement in Amencan musical annals. He has played at several expositions in America and abroad, and has given recitals in the principal American and European cities. He has composed several works for the organ and has written ‘The Church and Concert Organist’ (3 vols., 1885); ‘The Organ in Church’ (1887); ‘Concert Pieces for the Organ’ (1889), and a translation of Haupt's ‘Counterpoint, Fugue, and Double Counterpoint’ (1876).
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Eckhart, Johannes

Edition of 1920. See also Meister Eckhart on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
ECKHART, ek'härt, Johannes (“Meister Eckhart”), the first of the German mystics in order of time and among the foremost in rank; the probable place of his birth is Cologne, and the year 1260 or a little earlier; d. 1329. He studied philosophy and theology in the University of Paris and joined the order of the Preaching Friars, or Dominicans, in which he was promoted to offices of high responsibility, for example, that of vicar-general of the Dominicans for Bohemia, provincial of the order in Saxony. In these places he effected many reforms in the houses of the order and was in high estimation as a preacher notwithstanding the abstruseness of his mystical speculations. Toward the end of his life this dissemination of his mystical views touching the nature of God and the relations between Deity and the human soul brought him under suspicion of being in sympathy with the Beghards, the Brethren of the Free Spirit, the Apostolic Brethren and other fanatics, and 1327 he was cited before the Court of Inquisition at Cologne to make answer to charges of heretical teaching based on passages in his sermons. There be defended the inculpated propositions as entirely orthodox, but expressed his readiness to repudiate them if in the judgment of the head of the Church they were in conflict with the Church's creeds. In 1329 the decision arrived from Rome: 28 propositions contained in his sermons were condemned as heretical and Eckhart was ordered to recant; but he was now dead.
Whether these 28 propositions were or were not formally heretical, contradictory of the express teachmgs of the Church, they certainly contain doctrines that never have been put forth in any of the Church's formularies. However extravagant, they might have been tolerated or ignored had they been entertained or discussed merely in the schools of theology and philosophy; but proclaimed from the pulpit and addressed to the common people, some of them ignorant, they were incitations to rebellion against all Church authority in teaching. His doctrine concerning the Godhead is plainly pantheistic. For him there is no real being but God. God is the unknown and the unknowable. We cannot validly affirm anything of the Godhead; to predicate anything of Deity is to limit infinity. Yet though God is unknown and unknowable, and though we cannot predicate anything of him, still we can know the true God, the personal God, the Father; in this personal God, the Godhead itself. The triune God, Father, Son and Spirit, is evolved from the Godhead. And the Father comes to know himself in the Son; the return of the Son into the Father is the Spirit. In begetting the Son — who is coeternal with the Father — the Father brings into existence the universal world of things. His death occurred a little while before the arrival of the Pope's condemnation of his doctrines.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Education, Abnormal

Edition of 1920. See also the disclaimer.
EDUCATION, Abnormal. See Education of Feeble-Minded and Mental Defectives.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Education, Catholic

Edition of 1920. See also the disclaimer.
EDUCATION, Catholic. See Catholic Education in the United States; Catholic Education in Canada; Catholic Church and Science; Parish Schools, etc.
# The Cultic Phenomena: New and Emerging Religious Movements in America/Addendum I

50-page research report by Charles H. Whittier , Specialist in Humanities and Religion , Government Division - produced January 24, 1979 by the Congressional Research Service , Library of Congress , Report No. 79-24 GOV.
CRS-44
Addendum I: Cult-Sect Characteristics
While ideal types are neither exhaustive nor mutually exclusive, given the infinite diversity of religious, the following characteristics are often present:
| Cult | Sect |
| 1. Largely divorced from normative religious tradition in belief and practice and at variance with larger religious community | 1. Intimately related to normative religious traditions in belief and practice, but in "separatist" (purified) form (re larger religious community) |
| 2. highly syncretic, mixture of beliefs and practices | 2. central beliefs derive from normative religious tradition |
| 3. individual experience and satisfaction is basis for membership and for unity | 3. selective membership based on commitment to "revitalization" of religious tradition |
| 4. relatively small and short-lived | 4. durability, deriving from withdrawal yet continuity with normative tradition |
| 5. charismatic leadership centered in exemplary figure to be emulated in "parallel spontaneities" | 5. charismatic leadership subordinated to ethical and doctrinal teaching |
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The Cultic Phenomena: New and Emerging Religious Movements in America/Addendum II

50-page research report by Charles H. Whittier , Specialist in Humanities and Religion , Government Division - produced January 24, 1979 by the Congressional Research Service , Library of Congress , Report No. 79-24 GOV.
CRS-45
Addendum II: Religious Cults in U.S. and Abroad
The following list is necessarily incomplete:
| U.S. (Mainly) | U.S. and Abroad |
| Living Waters | Children of God |
| Process Church | Rosicrucianism |
| Foundation Church of the Millenium | Spiritualist churches |
| Church of Bible Understanding | Nichiren Shoshu |
| The way, The Truth, and The Life | Subud |
| Alamo Christian Foundation | Scientology |
| Love Family | Divine Light Mission |
| Kingdom Voice, Inc. | Prosperos |
| American Native Church | Gurdjieff Foundation |
| Abilitism | Hare Krishna |
| Building the Adytum | Unification Church |
| Holy Order of Mans | Satya Sai Baba |
| Church of the Light | Meher Baba |
| Feraferia | Sivananda Yoga |
| Church of All Worlds | Harihananda Yoga |
| Satanist cults (Church of Satan, etc.) | Transcendental Meditation |
| I Am Movement | Theosophical Societies |
| Church of the Divine Man | Old Roman Catholic Church (not to be confused with Old Catholic Church) |
| Healing Light Center | Liberal Catholic, and Pre-Nicene Catholic Churches |
| Full Moon Meditation | Gnostic Societies |
| UFO cults (Flying Saucer cult) | Order of the Pleroma |
| Aetherius Society | Anthrosposophy |
| Psychiana | Ananda Marga |
| Universal Life Church | House of Israel |
| American Council of Witches | |
| Hanafi Muslims | |
| World Community of Islam in the West | |
| Self-Realization Fellowship | |
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse