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# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Soames, Henry

​SOAMES, HENRY (1785–1860), ecclesiastical historian, son of Nathaniel Soames, shoemaker, of Ludgate Street, London, was born in 1785 and educated at St. Paul's school, whence he proceeded to Wadham College, Oxford, matriculating on 21 Feb. 1803. He graduated B.A. in 1807, M.A. in 1810. He held the post of assistant to the high master of St. Paul's school from 1809 to 1814, and took holy orders. In 1812 he was made rector of Shelley, Essex, and at this time, or later, rector of the neighbouring parish of Little Laver. From 1831 to 1839 he was vicar of Brent with Furneaux Pelham, Hertfordshire. In 1839 he became rector of Stapleford Tawney with Theydon Mount, Essex, where he remained till his death. He was Bampton lecturer in 1830, and was appointed chancellor of St. Paul's Cathedral by Bishop Blomfield in 1842. He died on 21 Oct. 1860.
Much light was thrown by Soames's labour and learning on English ecclesiastical history in Anglo-Saxon times and in the sixteenth century. His more important works are: 1. ‘The History of the Reformation of the Church of England,’ 4 vols. 1826–8. 2. ‘An Inquiry into the Doctrines of the Anglo-Saxon Church,’ Oxford, 1830 (Bampton lectures). 3. ‘The Anglo-Saxon Church: its History, Revenues, and General Character,’ London, 1835; 4th edit., revised, augmented, and corrected, 1856. 4. ‘Elizabethan Religious History,’ London, 1839. 5. ‘Mosheim's Institutes of Ecclesiastical History. … Edited, with additions, by James Murdock and H. Soames,’ &c. 1841. This was re-edited in 1845, 1850, and finally by Bishop Stubbs in 3 vols. in 1863. In the latter's preface a high tribute is paid to the value ‘of the notes and additions made to the work by my late venerable friend, Mr. Soames’ (Preface, p. ix). 6. ‘The Latin Church during Anglo-Saxon Times,’ London, 1848. This work was criticised by J. D. Chambers in ‘Anglo-Saxonica; or Animadversions on some positions … maintained, &c. by H. Soames,’ London, 1849. 7. ‘The Romish Decalogue,’ London, 1852.
[Crockford's Clerical Directory, 1860; Foster's Alumni Oxon. (1715–1886); St. Paul's School Register, p. 219; Wright's Essex, p. 357 n.; Cussans's Hertfordshire, Hundred of Edwinstree, p. 145.]
R. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Soest, Gerard

​SOEST, GERARD (d. 1681), portrait-painter, is usually stated to have been born in Westphalia. It is more probable that he was, like Sir Peter Lely, a native of Soest, near Utrecht, as his portraits have some affinity to those of the Utrecht school. He appears to have been born early in the century, but nothing is known of him until 1656, when he came to London, already in some repute as a painter, and quickly obtained employment. His portraits are carefully and forcibly painted, the character of the sitter being well preserved, but his some​what uncompromising style was tempered by a study of the works of Vandyck in order to suit the English taste. Soest might have proved a formidable rival to Lely, whose equal he certainly was in painting. He was, however, slovenly in his habits, and rough and capricious in his manners, so that ladies disliked sitting to him. Hence the majority of his portraits are of the male sex. Among these may be noted a full-length of Lord-mayor Sheldon at Drapers' Hall, a head of Dr. John Wallace at the Royal Society, one of William Fuller, bishop of Lincoln, at Christ Church, Oxford, and those of Colonel Blood and Bishop Cartwright in the National Portrait Gallery. Soest was praised by William Sanderson [q. v.] in his ‘Graphice’ (1658). In one of the notebooks of Charles Beale, husband of Mary Beale [q. v.] (now in the National Portrait Gallery), is an entry, ‘Feb. 11, 1680–1. Mr. Flessier told me of ye Death of Mr Soust ye Painter and said he beleived he was neare 80 yeares old when he died.’ His name is sometimes spelt in error Zoest or Zoust.
[Walpole's Anecdotes of Painting, ed. Wornum; De Piles's Lives of the Painters, Supplement; Redgrave's Dict. of Artists; Notes and Queries, 9th ser. i. 323.]
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Snell, John

1904 Errata appended.
​SNELL, JOHN (1629–1679), founder of the Snell exhibitions in Balliol College, Oxford, born in 1629, was the son of Andrew Snell, smith at McCalanstone in the parish of Colmonell, Ayrshire, by Margaret, daughter of John Carnahan. In 1643 he studied at Glasgow under James Dalrymple, one of the regents of that university, afterwards first Viscount Stair [q. v.] In the civil war he sided with the royalists, and was present several engagements, including Worcester (3 Sept. 1651). Narrowly escaping from that battle, he too refuge in the family of a person of quality in Cheshire, where he became acquainted with Sir Orlando Bridgeman [q.v.] Possibly he was related to George Snell, archdeacon of Chester, who had married Lydia Bridgeman Sir Orlando's aunt. During the Commonwealth and procetorate he was clerk to Sir Orland, then practising in London as chamber counsel and conveyancer. On Bridgeman's elevation to the bench in 1660 Snell became crier of his court. In 1667 he was made seal-bearer on his patron's appointment to be lord-keeper, and continued to hold that office during Shaftesbury's chancellorship. He was afterwards secretary to the Duke of Monmouth, and one commissioner for the management of the duke's estates in Scotland. He died at Oxford on 6 Aug. 1679, and was buried in the church of St. Cross, Holywell. He was ‘much esteemed for his great diligence and understanding.’ The second volume of Sir Orlando Bridgeman's ‘Conveyances’ was printed in 1702 from his manuscript.
By his wife Johanna, he left a daughter Dorothy, who was married in 1682 to William Guise of Winterbourne, Gloucestershire; from her is descended Sir William Guise, bart., of Elmore Court, Gloucestershire.
By his will, proved 13 Sept. 1679, Snell bequeathed the residue of his estate, including his manor and lands of Ufton, Warwickshire, to be administered by three trustees—the provost of Queen's, the president of St. Jihn's, and the master of Balliol— with a view to the education at some collee or hall in Oxford University of scholars from his own college of Glasgow, to which his letters and benefactions show him to have been warmly attached. By decree of the court of chancery in 1693, it was appointed that the scholars should go to Balliol College. A provision in the will that they should enter into holy orders and return to Scotland for preferment has several times given rise to litigation. In consequence of the disestablishment of episcopacy and the ‘settlement of presbyters’ in Scotland, this provision was held to be ineffectual. The foundation has been one of great value, and the list of scholars or exhibitioners contains among other eminent illustrious names those of Adam Smith and John Gibson Lockhart, and John Wilson (‘Christopher North’).
G. W. C.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.254 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 206 | ii | 55-56 | Snell, John: omit and John Wilson ('Christopher North') |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Snetzler, John

​SNETZLER, JOHN or JOHANN (1710?–1774?), organ-builder, was born about 1710 at Passau in Germany, where some of his work as organ-builder is still standing. He settled in England when the trade was in the hands of Byfield, Jordan, and Bridges, separate firms acting in practical partnership (Burney, iii. 436–41). Snetzler's organ built in 1754 for the church of Lynn Regis, Norfolk, gained him great repute (specification in Grove's Dictionary, ii. 597). His organs for Halifax (1766) and St. Martin's, Leicester (1774), were excellently built, while that supplied to Sir John Danvers at Swithland was described by Gardiner, thirty years afterwards, as a specimen of Snetzler's great talents. Saturated with damp and covered with dust, it was still in tune and playable condition (Music and Friends, i. 166).
Having saved sufficient money, he returned to his native country; but, after being ‘so long accustomed to London porter and English fare,’ he found German surroundings uncongenial, and returned to London. Letters of naturalisation were granted him on 12 April 1770 (Home Office Papers, p. 161). He died after 1773, in which year he acted as executor to his friend Burkat Shudi the elder (Grove, iii. 489).
L. M. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1901 supplement/Blackman, John

​BLACKMAN, JOHN (fl. 1436–1448), biographer. [See Blakman.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1901 supplement/Blakeley, William

​BLAKELEY, WILLIAM (1830–1897), actor, played as an amateur at the Gough Street theatre, now pulled down, and at the Soho theatre, now the Royalty. His first appearance as a salaried actor was at the Theatre Royal, Dublin, with Sir William Don. He then at the Amphitheatre, Liverpool, played Polonius and other parts, and accompanied Sothern on tour, playing Asa Trenchard to his Lord Dundreary in 'Our American Cousin.' In London he was seen for the first time on 21 Dec. 1807 at the Prince of Wales's theatre, Tottenham Street, as Sir Abel Hotspur in Boucicault's 'How she loves him,' a part he had taken at the first production at the Prince of Wales's theatre, Liverpool, on 7 Dec. 1863. On 15 Feb. 1868 he was the first Bodmin Todder in 'Play,' and was John Chodd senior in a revival of 'Society.' Mr. Tweedie in Yates's 'Tame Cats' followed on 12 Dec. At the Olympic he was, 1 May 1871, Simeon Cole in Byron's 'Daisy Farm.' After, in 1880, accompanying Sothern to America, he appeared at the Criterion on 23 July 1881 as Jeremiah Deeds in 'Flats in Four Stories' ('Les Locataires de Monsieur Blondeau'), adapted by Mr. G. R. Sims. With this theatre his name is principally associated. Here he played Babblebrook in 'A Lesson in Love,' and very many comic parts in revivals of 'Brighton,' 'Betsy,' 'Pink Domi- ​nos,' and 'Still Waters run deep.' Among his original characters at the Criterion were Talbot in Mr. Gilbert's 'Foggerty's Fairy,' 15 Dec. 1881; Brummies in H. J. Byron's 'Fourteen Days,' 4 March 1882; Ferdinand Pettigrew in Albery's 'Featherbrain,' 23 June 1884; Barnabas Goodeve in the 'Candidate,' 29 Nov.; General Bletchingley in Mr. Burnand's 'Headless Man,' 27 July 1890. At Daly's theatre he was, 2 Feb. 1895, Smoggins in 'An Artist's Model;' Duckworth Crabbe in the 'Chili Widow,' Mr. Arthur Bourchier's adaptation of 'M. le Directeur,' 7 Sept.; and Commodore Van Gütt in the 'New Baby,' 28 April 1896. His last appearance in London was at the Criterion as Thomas Tyndal in 'Four Little Girls,' by Mr. Walter Stokes Craven, produced 17 July 1897. Besides being what is known as a 'mugger,' or maker of comic faces, Blakeley was a genuine comedian, and was accepted as Hardcastle in 'She Stoops to Conquer.' In showing self-importance, in airs of assumed dignity, and in the revelation of scandalised propriety, he stood alone. He died at Criterion House, Clovelly Terrace, Walham, London, on 8 Dec. 1897, and was buried in Fulham cemetery.
[Personal knowledge; Era newspaper, 11 Dec. 1897; Scott and Howard's Blanchard; The Dramatic Peerage.]
J. K.
# Dimond v. Shine/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
United States Supreme Court
199 U.S. 88
Dimond v. Shine
Argued: February 21, 23, 1905. --- Decided: May 29, 1905
This case is indistinguishable from the last, and the judgment of the Circuit Court is also affirmed.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Dimpfel v. Ohio

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United States Supreme Court
110 U.S. 209
Dimpfel v. Ohio
C. W. Hassler and Thos. N. McCarter, for appellan s.
Edgar M. Johnson and Benj. Harrison, for appellees.
FIELD, J.

## Notes

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Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Dimond v. Shine

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United States Supreme Court
199 U.S. 88
Dimond v. Shine
Argued: February 21, 23, 1905. --- Decided: May 29, 1905
Messrs. Frank H. Platt, Charles Page, and Samuel Knight for appellant.
Solicitor General Hoyt and Messrs. Francis J. Heney and Arthur B. Pugh for appellee.
Per Curiam:

## Notes

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# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Robinson, Anthony

​ROBINSON, ANTHONY (1762–1827), unitarian, was born in January 1762 at Kirkland, near Wigton in Cumberland, where his father possessed some property. He was educated at an academy belonging to the particular baptists at Bristol—Robert Hall [q. v.] was a fellow student—and subsequently became pastor of a baptist church at Fairford in Gloucestershire. Thence he removed to the general baptists’ church in Worship Street, London, but gave up the charge about 1790 on succeeding to his father’s estate, and retired to the country. In 1796 he returned to London, and entered into business as a sugar refiner, acquiring a considerable fortune. He made the acquaintance of Priestley, and, through Priestley's friend Rutt, of Henry Crabb Robinson [q. v.] The latter, who was no relative, declared Anthony’s powers of conversation to be greater than those of any others of his acquaintance. Crabb Robinson introduced him to the Lambs and William Hazlitt. He died in Hatton Garden on 20 Jan. 1827, aged 65, and was buried in the Worship Street baptist churchyard. His widow then removed to Enfield, where she lived opposite the Lambs. His son Anthony, who disappeared in 1827, was a reputed victim of Burke and Hare.
Robinson wrote: 1. ‘A Short History were of the Persecution of Christians by Jews, Heathens, and Christians,’ Carlisle, 1793, 8vo. 2. ‘A View of the Causes and Consequences of English Wars,’ London, 1798, 8vo. dedicated to William Morgan [q. v.]; in this work Robinson endeavoured to show that all English wars had proved injurious to the people; he vehemently attacked Pitt for declaring war with France, for which the 'British Critic’ denounced him as a Jacobin. 3. ‘An Examination of a Sermon preached at Cambridge by Robert Hall on Modern Infidelity,’ London, 1800, 8vo; a vigorous attack on all, which the 'British Critic’ termed a ‘senseless and shameless pamphlet.’ Robinson was also a frequent contributor to the ‘Analytical Review,’ ‘Monthly Magazine,’ and ‘Monthly Repository,’ to the last of which he sent an account of Priestley (xvii. 169 et seq.), which was used by Rutt in his ‘Life of Priestley.’
A contemporary Anthony Robinson, a surgeon of Sunderland, went to Jamaica and made manuscript collections on the flora of the island, which used by John Lunan in his ‘Hortus Jamaicensis,’ 1814, 8vo, 2 vols.
[Works in Brit. Mus. Libr.; Gent. Mag. 1827 i. 187; Biogr. Dict. of Living Authors, 1816; 194; Rutt's Life of Priestley, i. 33, ii. 533; Monthly Review, xi. 145, xxviii. 231, xxxii. 446; British Critic xiii. 593, xvi., 213; Crabb Robinson’s Diary, passim; Monthly Repository, 1827, p. 293.]
A. F. P.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Robins, John (1500?-1558)

​ROBINS, JOHN (1500?–1558), astrologer, born in Staffordshire about 1500, was entered in 1516 at Oxford, where he studied literæ humaniores and theology, and in 1520 was elected a fellow of All Souls. He graduated M.A. and was ordained. Having taken the degree of B.D. in 1531, he was in 1532 made a canon of Christ Church by Henry VIII, to whom he was then chaplain. In December 1543 he was made canon of Windsor and chaplain to Princess Mary. He died on 25 Aug. 1558, and was buried in St. George's Chapel, Windsor. A marble stone with a long inscription was laid over his grave (see Hist. et Ant. Oxon. ii. 178; Ashmole, Antiquities of Berkshire, 1719, iii. 167, 168).
Robins appears to have been a man of industry and polite learning. His bent was especially towards mathematics and astrology, in which ‘he became the ablest person of his time, not excepting his friend Record, whose learning was more general’ (Wood, Athenæ Oxon. i. 261). He left several astronomical and astrological tracts in manuscript: 1. ‘De Stellis Fixis,’ Bodl. MS. Digby 143. 2. ‘De Portentosis Cometis’ (to Henry VIII), Trin. Libr. Cambr. O. 1. 11. (the preface, partly plagiarised from Cicero, is reprinted in Halliwell's ‘Rara Mathematica,’ 1839). 3. ‘De Accidentibus futuris’ (to Henry VIII), Bodl. MS. Ashmol. 186. 4. ‘Tractatus de Prognosticatione per Eclipsin.’ 5. ‘Observationes Astrologiæ,’ Brit. Mus. MS. Sloane 1743. 6. ‘Annotationes Astrologiæ,’ Brit. Mus. MS. Sloane 1773 (containing also ‘Epitome in Apotelesmata Ptolemæi’). There are extracts from 5 and 6 in Bodl. MS. 3467, Seld. Arch. B. 79, p. 149.
W. F. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Robinson, Clement

​ROBINSON, CLEMENT (fl. 1566–1584), song-writer and editor, prepared in 1566 ‘A boke of very pleasaunte sonettes and storyes in myter,’ for the publication of which Richard Jones obtained a license in the same year. No copy of this work is extant, although a single leaf in the collection of ‘Bagford Ballads’ in the British Museum may possibly have belonged to one. The book was reprinted in 1584 by the same publisher, Richard Jones, under the new title ‘A Handefull of pleasant delites, containing sundrie new Sonets and delectable Histories in diuers kinds of Meeter. Newly diuised to the newest tunes that are now in use to be sung; euerie Sonet orderly pointed to his proper tune. With new additions of certain Songs to verie late deuised Notes, not commonly knowen, nor vsed heretofore. By Clement Robinson and diuers others.’ A unique imperfect copy of this edition, formerly in the Corser collection, is now in the British Museum library. All the pieces were written for music; several of them had been entered in the Stationers' Register for separate publication between 1566 and 1582. In the case of eight the authors' names are appended. The remaining twenty-five, which are anonymous, doubtless came for the most part from Robinson's own pen. Among these is the opening song, entitled ‘A Nosegay,’ from which Ophelia seems to borrow some of her farewell remarks to Laertes in Shakespeare's ‘Hamlet,’ iv. 5. Another song in the collection, ‘A Sorrowfull Sonet,’ ascribed to George Mannington, is parodied at length in ‘Eastward Ho’ [1603], by Chapman, Jonson, and Marston. The volume also contains ‘A new Courtly Sonet, of the Lady Greensleeues, to the new tune of Greensleeues.’
Robinson's ‘Handefull’ has been thrice reprinted, viz. in Park's ‘Heliconia,’ 1815, vol. ii. (carelessly edited); by the Spenser Society, edited by James Crossley in 1871 (Manchester, 8vo), and by Mr. Edward Arber in 1878, in his ‘English Scholar's Library.’
A unique tract in the Huth Library is also assigned to Robinson. The title runs: ‘The true descripcion of the marueilous straunge Fishe whiche was taken on Thursday was sennight the xvj day of June this present month in the yeare of our Lord God MDLXIX. Finis quod C. R. London, by Thomas Colwell.’ This was entered on the ‘Stationers' Registers’ early in 1569 as ‘a mounsterus fysshe which was taken at Ip[s]wyche’ (Arber, Transcripts, i. 381).
[Introductions to the reprints noticed above of Robinson's Handefull; Hazlitt's Bibliographical Handbook.]
S. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Robins, Sanderson

​ROBINS, SANDERSON (1801–1862), divine and writer on education, the second son of Matthew Robins of St. Mary's, Newington, Surrey, was born in 1801, and educated at Exeter College, Oxford, whence he matriculated on 28 Oct. 1818, graduated B.A. in 1823 and M.A. in 1825. In 1826 he was appointed rector of Edmonsham, Dorset, in 1840 of Shaftesbury, and in 1854 of St. James's, Dover. From 1856 to his death, on 5 Dec. 1862, he was vicar of St. Peter's in the Isle of Thanet. He was a broad churchman and an educational enthusiast. In his most interesting publication, ‘A Letter to … Lord John Russell on the Necessity and Mode of State Assistance in the Education of the People,’ 1851, 8vo (2nd edit. the same year), Robins advocated state education on the lines subsequently carried out in the act of 1870, and suggested that religious teaching ‘should stop short of the doctrinal differences which divide Christians.’ The adoption of such teaching in parish schools would, he argued, involve Anglicans in no sacrifice of principle.
Robins also published: 1. ‘Some Reasons against the Revival of Convocation,’ 1850, 8vo. 2. ‘The Church Schoolmaster,’ 1850, 8vo. 3. ‘An Argument for the Royal Supremacy,’ Pickering, 1851, 8vo. 4. ‘The Whole Evidence against the Claims of the Roman Church,’ 1855, 8vo; a work evincing solid historical learning. 5. ‘On Party Spirit in the English Church,’ 1860, 12mo. 6. ‘A Defence of the Faith,’ 1862, 8vo. 7. ‘Twenty Reasons for accepting the Revised Educational Code,’ 1862, 8vo.
A. F. P.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Robinson, Bryan (1808-1887)

​ROBINSON, Sir BRYAN (1808–1887), colonial judge, was born on 14 Jan. 1808 at Dublin, being youngest son of Christopher Robinson, rector of Granard, co. Longford; his mother was Elizabeth, second daughter of Sir Hercules Langrishe [q. v.] Hercules Robinson [q. v.] was an elder brother. From Castlenock school he went in 1824 to Trinity College, Dublin, but before graduating, in 1828, he went out to Newfoundland in the staff of Admiral Cochrane. In 1831 Robinson was called to the bar in Nova Scotia, and began to practise in Newfoundland. His first appearance in a case of more than local importance was before the judicial committee in Keilley v. Carson, which raised the question of the power of a house of assembly to imprison a person of its own motion. Robinson opposed the claim of the Newfoundland house of assembly, and the judgment in his favour finally settled the law on this point.
In 1834 Robinson was made a master of chancery with the obligation of advising the members of the council. In December 1842 he entered the colonial parliament as member for Fortune Bay. In 1843 he became a queen's counsel of the local bar, and later a member of the executive council. In 1858 he was made a puisne judge. He was a warm supporter of every project for the good of the colony, especially interesting himself in the opening up of the interior, direct steam communication with England, and relief works in bad seasons; he was president of the Agricultural Society. He was also an active supporter of the church of England. He was knighted in December 1877 for his distinguished services, and retired from his office in Newfoundland in 1878 owing to failing health. He settled at Ealing, Middlesex, where he died on 6 Dec. 1887.
He married, in 1834, Selina, daughter of Arthur Houldsworth Brooking of Brixham, Devonshire, who died before him, leaving several children.
There is a vignette of Robinson in Prowse's ‘History of Newfoundland.’
[Biograph and Review, January 1892; private information.]
C. A. H.
# Dravo v. Fabel

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United States Supreme Court
132 U.S. 487
Dravo v. Fabel
D. T. Watson, for appellants.
Geo. A. Jenks, for appellees.
Mr. Justice HARLAN, after stating the facts in the foregoing language, delivered the opinion of the court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
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# Draper v. Washington

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United States Supreme Court
372 U.S. 487
Draper v. Washington
Argued: Jan. 16, 1963. --- Decided: March 18, 1963
Charles F. Luce, Portland, Or., for petitioners.
John J. Lally, Spokane, Wash., for respondents.
Mr. Justice GOLDBERG delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse