OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# White v. Maryland/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
United States Supreme Court
373 U.S. 59
White v. Maryland
Argued: April 16, 1963. --- Decided: April 29, 1963
Petitioner, who was sentenced to death while his codefendant was given life, appealed to the Maryland Court of Appeals which affirmed his conviction. 227 Md. 615, 177 A.2d 877. We granted certiorari 'limited to the point of law raised in Hamilton v. Alabama, 368 U.S. 52, 82 S.Ct. 157, 7 L.Ed.2d 114.' See 371 U.S. 909, 83 S.Ct. 259, 9 L.Ed.2d 169.
Petitioner was arrested on May 27, 1960, and brought before a magistrate on May 31, 1960, for a preliminary hearing. But that hearing was postponed and not actually held until August 9, 1960. At that time petitioner was not yet represented by a lawyer. When arraigned at that preliminary hearing he pleaded guilty. That Maryland calls the 'arraignment' was first held September 8, 1960; but since petitioner was not represented by counsel, his arraignment was postponed and counsel appointed for him on September 9, 1960. He was finally arraigned on November 25, 1960, and entered pleas of 'not guilty' and 'not guilty by reason of insanity.' At his trial the plea of guilty made at the preliminary hearing on August 9, 1960, was introduced in evidence. Since he did not have counsel at the time of the preliminary hearing, he argued that Hamilton v. Alabama, supra, applied. The Court of Appeals disagreed, saying that arraignment in Alabama is 'a critical stage in a criminal proceeding' where rights are preserved or lost (368 U.S. 53-54, 82 S.Ct. 158), while under Maryland law there was 'no requirement (nor any practical possibility under our present criminal procedure) to appoint counsel' for petitioner at the preliminary hearing * * * nor was it necessary for appellant to enter a plea at that time.' 227 Md., at 625, 177 A.2d, at 882.
Whatever may be the normal function of the 'preliminary hearing' under Maryland law, it was in this case as 'critical' a state as arraignment under Alabama law. For petitioner entered a plea before the magistrate and that plea was taken at a time when he had no counsel.
We repeat what we said in Hamilton v. Alabama, supra, at 55, 82 S.Ct. at 159 that we do not stop to determine whether prejudice resulted: 'Only the presence of counsel could have enabled this accused to know all the defenses available to him and to plead intelligently.' We therefore hold that Hamilton v. Alabama governs and that the judgment below must be and is reversed.
Reversed.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# White v. Maryland

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
373 U.S. 59
White v. Maryland
Argued: April 16, 1963. --- Decided: April 29, 1963
Fred E. Weisgal, Baltimore, Md., for petitioner.
Robert F. Sweeney, Baltimore, Md., for respondent.
PER CURIAM.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Who's Who in the Far East/GLATZER, Konrad

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​ GLATZER, Konrad (WUCHANG), Professor, Government Civil Academy; b. Germany, 1869. Educ.: Wettiner Gymnasium, Dresden; formerly fellow, Halle University, Germany. Professor of M. Schmidt's International Private Gymnasium, Kiel, 1896-1903; Rector, from 1899; Professor, in Chinese Government Service, since 1904. Publications: History of the Frederick University in Halle; History of Societies of Halle University Students. Club: Hankow. Address: Wuchang, China.
# Who's Who in the Far East/GLENNIE, Commander Robert W.

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​ GLENNIE, Commander Robert W. (HONGKONG), R.N.; in command of H.M. surveying ship" Waterwitch." Promoted to present rank, Dec. 31, 1903; appointed to command, Feb., 1,1905. Club: Hongkong. Address: H.M..S. "Waterwitch Hongkong.
# Who's Who in the Far East/GLOVER, James Sands

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​ GLOVER, James Sands (KALB), B.A.; Assistant District Officer; b. Oct. 31, 1877. Passed in Law and Malay; acting Secretary to Sanitary Board, Kuala Lumpur, 1902; acting assistant District Officer, Pekan, Perak, 1903; acting assistant District Officer, Raub, 1904. Address: Raul}, Perak, Federated Malay States.
# Who's Who in the Far East/GILMAN, Edward Wilmot Francis

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​ GILMAN, Edward Wilmot Francis (PENANG), B.A.; Assistant Superintendent, Indian Immigration; b. Aug. 16, 1876. Educ.: Oxford University. Appointed Cadet, Resident Councillor's Office, Penaug, Dec., 1899; attached to Indian Immigration Office, Penang, 1900; District office, Nibong Tebal, 1900; Land Office, Penang and District Officer, North Province Wellesley, 1901; acting 3rd Magistrate, Peuang, 1901; acting 4th Migistrate Singapore, 1901; acting assistant Superintendent, Indian Immigration, Penang; 1902; assistant Superintendent, Indian Immigration, Penang, 1904. Address: Penang, Straits Settlements.
# Who's Who in the Far East/GLASS, Duncan

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​ GLASS, Duncan (SHANGHAI), Superintendent, Shanghai and Hongkew Wharf Co.; arrived in China, 1869. Address: Shanghai, China.
# Who's Who in the Far East/GILES, Bertram

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​ GILES, Bertram (CANTON), 1st class Assistant H.B.M. Consular Service. Appointed Student Interpreter in China, Dec. 8, 1894; 1st class Assistant, April 5, 1902; Assistant in Mixed Court, Shanghai, 1902; Acting Consul at Canton, 1904. Address: H.B.M. Consulate, Canton.
# Who's Who in the Far East/GITTINS, H.

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​ GITTINS, H. (BANGKOK), European Secretary to Minister of Public Works. Arrived in Siam, 1888; has surveyed almost every part of Siam, and has been associated with railway administration since laying of first road; appointed to present position, 1906. Decoration: Crown of Siam. Address: Department of Public Works, Bangkok, Siam.
# Who's Who in the Far East/GLEYSTEEN, Rev. William H.

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​ GLEYSTEEN, Rev. William H. (PEKING), A.M., B.D.; Missionary; b. July 17, 1876. Educ.: Michigan University; Union Theological Seminary. U.S.A. Address: Peking. China.
# Who's Who in the Far East/GIFFENING, Julian T. L.

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​ GIFFENING, Julian T. L. (SEKEMBAN), F.M.S. Civil Service; b. Feb. 20, 1872. Coast Settlement Officer, Negri Sembilan, Federated Malay States. Address; Seremban, Negri Sembilan, Federated Malay States.
# Who's Who in the Far East/GLENDINNING, Frederick

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​ GLENDINNING, Frederick (SEREMBAN), Executive Engineer; b. March 8; 1874. Assistant Engineer, Public Works Department, Perak, 19J2; acting Executive Engineer, Batang Patang, 1903; assistant Engineer, Kuala Pilah and Tampin, Aug., 1903; acting Executive Engineer, Public Works Department, Negri Sembilan. Address. ​Seremban, Negri Sembilan, Federated Malay States.
# Woman of the Century/Virginia Meriwether Davis

​VIRGINIA MERIWETHER DAVIS. DAVIS, Mrs. Virginia Meriwether, doctor of medicine, born in Memphis, Tenn, 18th April, 1862. She deserves a place in the muster roll of America's women as a representative of the present generation. A daughter of Lide Meriwether, heredity and education made simple to her the problem which had been complex to the generation before, and she took a personal independence naturally. This was without question due to the environment to which she was born. Shortly after becoming a widow, she went to New York to study medicine in the college o. which Dr. Emily Blackwell was founder and dean. She was graduated in three years with the honors of her class, and she has since remained in New York to practice. Her medical work has been almost exclusively in connection with the New York Infant Asylum, where she has served as resident physician for four years. This city institution has the largest lying-in service conducted by women in the United States, and, to the credit of women be it said, the lowest mortality and sick rates of any lying-in wards in the world.
# Woman of the Century/Virginia Sharpe Patterson

​PATTERSON, Mrs. Virginia Sharpe, author, born in Delaware, Ohio, in September, 1841. Authorship and journalism were family professions. Her father, Hon. George W. Sharpe, published and edited a paper when a boy of seventeen, and for many years edited the "Citizen," in Frederick, Md. He was distinguished as being the youngest member of the Senate of Maryland, and furnished stenographic reports regularly to the Washington and New York papers, an accomplishment unusual in 1828. He was married to Caroline, daughter of Capt. Nicholas Snyder, of Baltimore, a woman of great force of character. They soon removed to Delaware, Ohio. Their two sons were authors. Mrs. Patterson's education was acquired rather by reading than study, as, up to the age of fourteen, she had but few school-days. Her father instructed her at home. His choice library was her ​delight, and through it was developed that taste for higher literature which characterized her as a child. Language and rhetoric she acquired unconsciously from constant companionship with her father in his VIRGINIA SHARPE PATTERSON. office duties. After his death she was put in school, and for three years attended the Delaware Female Seminary, where she was recognized as a clever essayist. Her first published articles appeared when living in Bellefontaine, Ohio, about six years after her marriage, in the old Cincinnati "Gazette," and were widely copied. At the same time she wrote a series of satires entitled "The Girl of the Period" for the Bellefontaine "Examiner." A eulogistic notice from the late Dr. J. G. Holland decided Mrs. Patterson to publish them in book form. It appeared under the pen-name "Garry Gaines," in 1878. Under that pen-name she has contributed to various journals for many years. At that time she was invited to take the editorial chair of a Chicago weekly, but ill health compelled her to decline. For months she was an inmate of a Cincinnati hospital, stricken with a malady from which she has never fully recovered. Notwithstanding almost constant invalidism since 1881, against obstacles that would have crushed one who loved letters less, she has done much mental work. In 18S9 she was made vice-president of the Ohio Woman's Press Club. A year later she founded the Woman's Club of Bellefontaine, Ohio, Inaugurated the magazine exchange, and later organized the Monday Club of Kokomo, Ind., where she now resides. In 1888 she originated and copyrighted an entertainment called "Merchant's Carnival, or Business-Men's Jubilee" which has been popular, and has been given with great success in all parts of the United States and Canada.
# Woman on the Field of Battle

* Woman on the Field of Battle, in Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine Volumes 22, 1827.
* Woman on the Field of Battle, in Songs of the Affections, with Other Poems (Songs of the Affections), 1830.
# Woman of the Century/Virginia Granbery

​VIRGINIA GRANBERY. GRANBERY, Miss Virginia, artist, born in Norfolk, Va. When she was a child, her parents moved to New York, where they have resided ever since. She early showed a fondness for drawing, but, as there was no drawing taught in the schools, she did not have the benefit of instruction. She learned to copy engravings and made several drawings from casts, without a teacher. After she was grown, she went to the Cooper Institute for a short time, spending a part of each day under the instruction of A. F. Bellows in his studio, where she worked in colors. She studied in the Academy of Design school in the antique, portrait and life classes, and received honorable mention for a drawing. She began to paint fruits and flowers from nature, many of which have been chromoed by Prang, of Boston. From 1871 to 1882 she was teacher of the art department of the Packer Institute, Brooklyn. N. Y. On entering the Packer Institute she received the same salary as her predecessor, but at the end of the first year her method had doubled the number of pupils, and she had offers from other large schools that wished to secure her services. The board of trustees decided to increase her salary fifty per cent and also gave her a further substantial recognition of their appreciation of her services in a check for a handsome amount, accompanied by a very complimentary letter. The department increased so that an assistant was necessary. After eleven years of work she broke down under the constant demand on her strength, and was obliged to send in her resignation. She and her sisters were among the very few women artists whose work was accepted with that of the men to be exhibited in the Centennial of 1876, in Philadelphia. Recently she has devoted herself principally to portraits. She is very successful in painting small pictures of children. She has shown pictures in all the principal exhibitions thoughout the United States.
# Woman of the Century/Zara A. Wilson

​WILSON, Mrs. Zara A., reformer and lawyer, born in Burnettsville, Indiana, 8th October, 1840. She was the fourth in a family of eight children. Her maiden name was Mahurin, to which ZARA A. WILSON. form it had been Americanized from the Scotch Mac Huron. Her father was of southern birth and education, a native of the Carolinas. He was twice married, his second wife being Matilda C. Freeman, the mother of Mrs. Wilson, to whom he was married near Troy, Ohio, in 1832. Mrs. Wilson's early life was spent on a farm, but she had the advantages of a seminary education in an institution founded and presided over by a half-brother, Isaac Mahurin. She had always shown a fondness for books, and during her student days mathematics was to her a fascinating study. At the age of seventeen she began to teach. After one year in Fort Wayne College, then in thriving condition, she became assistant in that school. The sudden death of her father called her home to the support of a sorrowing mother, whom she assisted, during the next year, in the settlement of a large estate. Then she resumed teaching and served with success in Lafayette and other towns of Indiana. In the former city she took her first public stand in favor of the equality of sex, refusing to accept a position as principal because the salary offered was ten dollars per month less than was paid to a man for the same work. She had already suffered from the disability custom had laid upon her sex. She had, in her earnest longing to do good, a strong desire to enter the ministry, but found that, because of sex, she would not be admitted to the Biblical Institute in Evansville, Ind. In 1867 she became the wife of Port Wilson, a merchant of Goodland, Ind. Owing to broken health, her energies were for ten years confined mostly to home duties and the care of her only child, a son. During that time she organized the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church in Goodland, and was corresponding secretary of that district until, her health demanding change of climate, the family home was removed to Lincoln. Neb., in 1870. She gradually improved in the climate of Nebraska. She has been an efficient member of the Nebraska Woman's Christian Temperance Union, delivering addresses and publishing state reports. She was three times elected corresponding secretary of the Nebraska body, resigning because of overwork. For four years she was a member of the national convention. She has always been active in the cause of woman's advancement and has been a warm advocate of woman's political enfranchisement, wielding a ready pen in its favor. Since her admission to the bar, in 1891, she is making the legal status of women a specialty, and she has in that line written much for the press. At present she is the State superintendent or franchise for the Woman's Christian Temperance Union and district corresponding secretary of the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church. In the fall of 1892 she was a candidate on the prohibition ticket for county attorney.
# Woman of the Century/Virginia Evelyn Ross

​ROSS, Mrs. Virginia Evelyn, author, born in Galena, Ill., 1st February, 1857. Her maiden name was Conlee. She is the youngest of twelve children. She comes of a hardy pioneer class of genuine Americans. She removed with her parents, who are still living, to Charles City, VIRGINIA EVELYN ROSS. Iowa, in 1864, but the restless spirit of the pioneer settler carried them to Johnson county. Neb., in 1869, where Virginia passed the greater part of her early life. She there became the wife of T. J. Ross,in 1879. She had received only the rudiments of a text-book education, but her talent sprang into activity, like the crystal flow from a mountain spring. Not being possessed of a strong physical body, she has taxed herself severely. She is a model housekeeper, wife and mother, and has found time, with all her home and society duties, to execute some beautiful paintings. Her series of articles entitled "To Brides, Past, Present and Future," and "Hints to Husbands," has been extensively copied. Her literary work has been so far confined to newspapers and magazines, and her publishers have kept their demand for material far ahead of her ability to produce. Her numerous poems show a high order of talent. Her home is in Omaha. Neb.
# Woman of the Century/Zadel Barnes Gustafson

​ZADEL BARNES GISTAFSON. GUSTAFSON, Mrs. Zadel Barnes, author and poet, born in Middletown, Conn., 9th March, 1841. Her maiden name was Zadel Barnes. She wrote a good deal in her youth, but not till 1871 did she win general notice through "The Voice of Christmas Past," a tribute to Dickens, published in "Harper's Magazine." In 1873, "Where is the Child ?" published in the same magazine, increased her reputation. She has contributed much to "Harper's Magazine," the Springfield " Republican," the "Home Journal" and the "Independent," She has also been a contributor to The Magazine of Poetry." In 1878 she published a volume of verse, entitled " Meg. a Pastoral." which drew the attention of Whittier, Whipple and Longfellow. Besides her exquisite poems, Mrs. Gustafson has written many snort stories of high merit. Among theseare " Kann," "Laquelle" and others. In 1880 Mr. and Mrs. Gustafson went to London, England, where they remained until 1889. There she formed many literary acquaintances and saw much of life. They saw in London sights that stirred in their hearts the impulse to a crusade against drink. The result was "The Foundation of Death, a Study of the Drink Question." written jointly, and pronounced by thinkers in all countries to be one of the most effective and the best considered work ever published on the subject. Its sales in England and South Africa, India, the far East and Australia have been very large. Her home in the United States is in New York City, but she spends much time in London, England.
# Woman of the Century/Willie Franklin Pruit

​PRUIT, Mrs. Willie Franklin, poet, born in Tennessee, in 1865. Her maiden name was Franklin. Her parents moved to Texas at the close of the Civil War, while she was an infant, and the larger part of her lite has been spent in that State. She belongs to one of the oldest and most aristocratic families of Tennessee. She received a liberal and thorough education. While in school, she displayed unusual intellectual powers. She began to ​write verses when she was a child, and at the age of thirteen years she contributed to the local press. Most of her poems have been published under the pen-name "Aylmer Ney." Her reputation extends WILLIE FRANKLIN PRUIT. throughout the South. In 1887 Miss Franklin became the wife of Drew Pruit, a lawyer, of Fort Worth, Tex., in which city she resides. Her family consists of one son. She is a very energetic woman and takes great interest in her city. She is engaged in charitable and public enterprises. She is vice-president of the Woman's Humane Association of Fort Worth, and through her exertions the city has a number of handsome drinking fountains for man and beast. She is a member of the Texas board of lady managers of the World's Fair Exhibit Association, and she works actively and intelligently in its interests.
# Zion's Watch Tower/Volume 9/Number 2/Progress in Knowledge

PROGRESS IN KNOWLEDGE
This is the law of the church’s progress and growth. When a Christian, or a church, becomes convinced that it has nothing more to learn, there follows stagnation and decay. And yet what else than this is the prevalent assumption that all Bible truth is locked up in our Confession of Faith, and that it is a heresy and crime to think beyond it? No greater mistake was ever made by Reformed churches than this quenching of the Spirit in the body of Christ, by the denial to its members of the liberty of progressing beyond the limits of their creeds. Confessions are good for purposes of instruction, but not to bind the conscience. Enforced creeds should content themselves with stating only the great facts and primary beliefs of Christianity, as they are given in the language of Scripture, such as "I believe that Jesus Christ is the Son of God." "I believe that He died for our sins, according to the Scriptures, and rose again the third day, according to the Scriptures." Human formulas, founded upon these facts, and explanatory of them, should always be held open to amendment, as God may bestow increasing light until we all come to the unity of the faith and of the perfect knowledge of the Son of God.—Words of Reconciliation.
# Zion's Watch Tower

* related portals: Periodicals.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Commons category, Wikidata item.
* Volume 1 (1879–1880)
* Volume 2 (1880–1881)
* Volume 3 (1881–1882)
* Volume 4 (1882–1883)
* Volume 5 (1883–1884)
* Volume 6 (1884–1885)
* Volume 7 (1885–1886)
* Volume 8 (1886–1887)
* Volume 9 (1887–1888)
* Volume 10 (1888–1889)
* Volume 11 (1889–1890)
* Volume 12 (1890–1891)
* Volume 13 (1891–1892)
* Volume 14 (1892–1893)
* Volume 15 (1893–1894)
* Volume 16 (1894–1895)
* Volume 17 (1895–1896)
* Volume 18 (1896–1897)
* Volume 19 (1897–1898)
* Volume 20 (1898–1899)
* Volume 21 (1899–1900)
* Volume 22 (1900–1901)
* Volume 23 (1901–1902)
* Volume 24 (1902–1903)
* Volume 25 (1903–1904)
* Volume 26 (1904–1905)
* Volume 27 (1905–1906)
* Volume 28 (1906–1907)
* Volume 29 (1907–1908)
* Volume 30 (1908–1909)
* Volume 31 (1909–1910)
* Volume 32 (1910–1911)
* Volume 33 (1911–1912)
* Volume 34 (1912–1913)
* Volume 35 (1913–1914)
* Volume 36 (1914–1915)
* Volume 37 (1915–1916)
* Volume 38 (1916–1917)
* Volume 39 (1917–1918)
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
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# Zion's Watch Tower/Volume 9/Number 2/Extract from an Interesting Letter

EXTRACT FROM AN INTERESTING LETTER
A CHINA MISSIONARY WRITES
Chefoo, China.
My Dear Mrs. Russell:—Many thanks for your kind letter, and for the copies of Millennial Dawn and the Watch Towers. It is such a comfort to know that Jesus calls us his "friends" and is making known to us "all things that he heard from his Father." (John 15:15.) In the far away days of my youth, and the not so far away days of my orthodoxy I thought I knew it all, but now I see how blindly I read my Bible. And how I thank God for having compassion on me, and touching my eyes, and giving me sight. May I follow Him as did those of old whose eyes were opened.
I am giving away and lending my copies of Millennial Dawn and my papers, and any time you can send me extra copies of the Watch Tower I can use them to advantage. I expect to see a good many missionaries from other parts of the country during the summer, as this is a health resort, and I shall scatter my Towers, and lend Millennial Dawns. The last bound copy I gave away before taking the wrapper off.
Wishing you abundant success in your efforts to spread "the everlasting gospel," the "good tidings which shall be to all the people." I remain Yours in Christ, C. B. D.———.