OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Balfour, William (1785-1838)

​BALFOUR, WILLIAM (1785–1888), lieutenant-colonel, was a boy-ensign in the 40th foot at the Helder, and won the approval of Sir John Moore. He served on the staff of Major-general Brent Spencer in the Mediterranean and at the capture of Copenhagen, and received a brevet lieutenant-colonelcy for service in the field with the 40th in the Peninsula and south of France in 1813-14. After a few years on half-pay, he became lieutenant-colonel of his old regiment, commanding it for several years in New South Wales, and he was afterwards in command of the 82nd foot in Mauritius. He retired from the army in 1832, and died in February 1838.
[Army Lists; London Gazettes; Gent. Mag. 1888.]
H. M. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Balfour, Robert (d.1757)

​BALFOUR, ROBERT (d. 1757), fifth Lord Balfour of Burleigh, Jacobite, when a youth fell in love with a 'pretty face,' far inferior in rank, much to the annoyance of the family. He was sent to travel abroad in the hope that he would forget his attachment. Before he set out he declared to his lady-love that if in his absence she married he should kill her husband. Notwithstanding the threat, she did marry a Henry Stenhouse, schoolmaster at Inverkeithing, acquainting him beforehand of the hazard. On Balfour's return his first inquiry was after the girl. On being informed of her marriage, he proceeded on horseback (with two attendants) directly to the school at Inverkeithing, called Stenhouse out, deliberately shot him (wounding him in the shoulder), and quietly returned to Burleigh. This was on 9 April 1707. The poor schoolmaster lingered twelve days, and then died. Balfour was tried for the murder in the high court of justiciary on 4 Aug. 1709. The defence was ingenious, but inadequate. He was brought in guilty, and sentenced to be beheaded on 6 Jan. 1709-10. But a few days prior to this he escaped from the prison ('Heart of Midlothian') by exchanging clothes with his sister, who resembled him. He skulked for some time in the neighbourhood of Burleigh, and a great ash-tree, hollow in the trunk, was long shown as his place of concealment. On the death of his father, in 1713, the title devolved on him. His next appearance was at the meeting of Jacobites ​at Lochmaben, 29 May 1714, when 'the Pretender's' health was drunk at the cross, on their knees, Lord Burleigh denouncing damnation against all who would not drink it. He engaged in the rebellion of 1715. For this he was attainted by act of parliament, and his estates forfeited to the crown. He died, without issue, in 1757.
[Anderson's Scottish Nation ; Maclaurin's Criminal Trials; Rae's History of the Rebellion.]
A. B. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Balguy, Thomas

1904 Errata appended.
​BALGUY, THOMAS (1716–1785), divine, son of John Balguy [q. v.], was born at Cox-Close 27 Sept. 1716, educated at the Ripon Free School, and admitted to St. John's College, Cambridge, about 1732 ; was B.A. 1737, M.A. 1741, S.T.P. 1758. He was elected to a Platt fellowship at St. John's in March 1741, which he held till 1748. In 1744 he became assistant tutor to his friend Dr. Powell, tutor, afterwards master of St. John's College, and gave lectures on moral philosophy and the evidences 'for sixteen years.' In 1743 he was deputy public orator, and in 1758 tutor to the Duke of Northumberland. He states in his father's Life' that he owed all his preferments to 'the favour and friendship of Bishop Hoadley,' who had given his father a prebend of Salisbury. His father, as prebendary, presented him (1748) to the rectory of North Stoke, near Grantham in Lincolnshire, which he vacated in 1771 on becoming vicar of Alton in Hampshire. Through Hoadley's influence he obtained a prebend of Winchester in 1758, and became archdeacon of Salisbury in 1759, and afterwards archdeacon of Winchester. Thomas was, however, less of a latitudiuarian than his father, and opposed the agitation for a relaxation of the articles. In 1769 he published a sermon upon the consecration of Bishop Shipley (Nichols, Anecdotes, ix. 534), which was answered by Priestley in 'Observations upon Church Authority.' In 1772 he published an archidiaconal charge, in which he defended subscription to articles of religion; and in 1775 a sermon at the consecration of Bishops Hurd and Moore, which was answered in remarks 'by one of the prebendary clergy.' In 1775 he edited the sermons of his friend Dr. Powell, with a 'life' of the author; and in 1782 'Divine Benevolence asserted,' part of an unfinished treatise on natural religion. In 1785 he republished his father's essay on Redemption, and a collection of sermons and charges. Balguy was one of the admiring disciples of Warburton, and his name frequently appears in Warburton's correspondence with Hurd. On Warburton's death in 1781 he declined the appointment to the vacant bishopric of Gloucester on the ground of failing health and approaching blindness, and died 19 Jan. 1795 at his prebendal house at Winchester. A monument to him is in the south aisle of the cathedral. His discourses, edited by Rev. James Drake (a relation to whom his manuscripts were bequeathed), were republished at Cambridge in 1820.
[Chambers's Dictionary; Warburton's Letters to Hurd; Nichols's Anecdotes, iii. 220, viii. 167 and elsewhere; Nichols's Illustrations, iii. 516; Preface to Discourses by Drake.]
L. S.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.14 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 61 | i | 19 | Balguy, Thomas: for 1785 read 1795 |
| | | 20 f.e. | after shire insert He was a prebendary in Lincoln cathedral from 1748 till his death. |
| | | 18 f.e. | for Salisbury read Winchester |
| | | 17 f.e. | omit the line |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Baliol, Bernard de (fl.1135-1167)

​BALIOL, BERNARD de, the elder (fl. 1135–1167). There is great difficulty in fixing with precision the early history of the family of Baliol, which was destined to play so ill-omened a part in the annals of Scotland, a ​circumstance which no doubt contributed to the obscurity of its records and the extinction of its name. The founder of the house in England was the Norman baron Guido or Guy de Baliol, whose French fiefs of Bailleul, in the department of L'Orne, two leagues from Argenton, Dampierre, Harcourt, and Vinoy, in Normandy, were long retained by his descendants, and afforded a refuge when their English inheritance was forfeited along with the Scottish crown, which John wore so short a time and Edward failed to recover. Guy is said, in a manuscript on which Surtees, the historian of Durham, relies, to have come 'to England with the Conqueror, and to him gave William Rufus the barony of Bywell in Northumberland, and the forests of Teesdale and Charwood, with the lordship of Middleton in Teesdale and Gainsford, with all their royalties, franchises, and immunities' (Bowes MS., Surtees Durham, iv. 50) Bernard or Barnard Baliol is stated by the same manuscript to have built 'the fortress which he called Castle Barnard, and created burgesses and endowed them with the like franchises and liberties as those of Richmond,' a statement corroborated by the ancient and noble ruin which still overhangs the Tees, with 'its uttermost walls of lime and brick' and 'innermost cut in rocks of stone,' as the ballad runs, and by the charter of his son, a second Bernard, which confirms his father's grant to the burgesses (Surtees, iv. 71). In 1135 the first Bernard did homage, along with David I of Scotland, to the Empress Matilda, daughter of Henry I, but prior to the battle of the Standard, 1138, he renounced his homage and joined the party of Stephen. Along with Robert de Bruce, Lord of Annandale, a common interest then uniting the ancestors of the future rivals, he was sent before the battle by the northern barons to make terms with David I, but without success. Continuing to support Stephen, Bernard de Baliol was taken prisoner with him at Lincoln on 2 Feb. 1141. The charter of the second Bernard, still preserved, is unfortunately without date, and there is no charter-evidence to fix his father's death, but a fine exacted in 14 Henry II (1167), for neglecting to certify the number of his knights' fees, is assumed with probability by Surtees to refer to the time of his succession, and to make the fact which history records of the capture of William the Lion at Alnwick in 1174 by a Bernard de Baliol along with other northern barons applicable to the second and not the first bearer of the name.
[Dugdale's Baronage, corrected by Surtees' Durham, iv. 51.]
Æ. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Halliwell, Henry

​HALLIWELL, HENRY (1765–1835), classical scholar, son of William Halliwell, master of the Burnley grammar school, and incumbent of Holme, was born at Burnley, Lancashire, on 25 Aug. 1765, and educated at his father's school and at Manchester grammar school. Proceeding to Oxford he matriculated at Brasenose College 18 Jan. 1783, was nominated Hulmean exhibitioner in 1787, and graduated B.A. in 1783, M.A. in 1789, and B.D. in 1803. In 1790 he became fellow, and in 1796 dean and Hebrew lecturer of his college. He was an assistant chaplain of the Manchester Collegiate Church in 1794, and was presented to the rectory of Clayton-cum-Keymer, near Ditchling, Sussex, in 1803, when he resigned all his college offices. From a peculiarity in his gait he was known at Oxford as ‘Dr. Toe,’ and he was the subject of an amusing epigram by Bishop Heber on his being jilted by a lady who married her footman. He was also the central object of a clever satire, entitled ‘The Whippiad,’ by Heber, published in ‘Blackwood's Magazine’ (July 1843, liv. 100–6). He was one of the scholars who assisted the Falconers in their edition of ‘Strabo’ in 1807 [see Falconer, Thomas, 1772–1839], and he made an English translation of that work, which has not been published. After his marriage in 1808 to Elizabeth Carlile of Sunnyhill, near Bolton, he resided at Clayton, where he was long remembered as ‘a hospitable parish priest of the old high church type,’ and as a singularly humane and benevolent man. He died at his rectory on 15 Jan. 1835, aged 69.
C. W. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hallowell, Benjamin

​HALLOWELL, BENJAMIN. [See Carew, Sir Benjamin Hallowell (1760-1834), admiral.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Halpen, Patrick

Contains subarticle John Edmond Halpen (fl. 1780).
​HALPEN or HALPIN, PATRICK (fl. 1750–1790), engraver, a native of Ireland, worked in Dublin, and was principally engaged in engraving frontispieces and vignettes for the booksellers there. He executed Rocque's 'Survey of Dublin in Parishes,' 1757, the geometrical elevation of the parliament house, 1767, and also engraved a portrait of Dr. Charles Lucas, after T. Hickey. He resided in Blackamoor Yard, and was for some years the only native line-engraver in Dublin.
John Edmond Halpen or Halpin (fl. 1780), son of the above, was a pupil of F. R. West and J. J.Barralet, and contributed some drawings after these artists to the exhibition of the Society of Artists in Ireland held in Dublin in 1780. He painted miniatures in Dublin and London. After a short trial of the theatrical profession (he appeared at the Crow Street Theatre, Dublin) he resumed painting in London.
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hals, William

​HALS, WILLIAM (1655–1737?), compiler of the ‘History of Cornwall,’ was born at Tresawen, Merther, in 1655. He was the second son of James Hals of Fentongollan and Anne, daughter of John Martin of Hurston, Devonshire. James Hals was son of Sir Nicholas Halse [q. v.], and served at La Rochelle in 1628, and afterwards in the West Indies, where, according to his son, he was governor of Montserrat; during the civil war he sided with the parliament. When living at Fentongollan in St. Michael Penkivel, Hals began about 1685 to make collections for a ‘Parochial History of Cornwall,’ which he continued for half a century, bringing it down to 1736. He died in 1737 or 1739 at Tregury, St. Wenn, of which he owned the rectorial tithes, having nearly completed the work. He married thrice, his wives belonging respectively to the families of Evans of Landrini in Wales, Carveth of Pewansand, and Courtney of Tremeer, but he had no issue (Parochial Hist. of Cornwall, 1870, iii. 323–6).
About 1750 Andrew Brice of Exeter [q. v.] published in ten folio numbers Hals's ‘Complete History of Cornwall, Part II being the Parochial History,’ containing accounts of seventy-two parishes, Advent to Helston. The first part was never published. Hence there is no general title-page. On the printed wrapper of the first number of the published second part it is stated that the work was to have been completed in one volume of two hundred sheets, to be delivered in weekly 6d. numbers of four sheets each; the second part was commenced first, ‘not only because the proper necessaries for the first part are not yet completed, but as considerable additions are preparing by a very great hand.’ It is believed that the scurrilous details inserted by Hals caused a discontinuance of the publication. Hals's incomplete ‘History’ is very rare. The most complete copy is in the Grenville Library at the British Museum. A note in that copy states that at Lysons's sale in 1828 his copy with manuscript additions was sold to the Earl of Aylesbury for 108l. (168l. Boase and Courtney, i. 204). The ‘Parochial History of Cornwall’ [see Davies, Gilbert] was founded upon the collections of Hals, with additional collections by Thomas Tonkins. Hals's digressions and gossip are chiefly omitted. The manuscripts of Hals's ‘History’ passed through various hands, and belonged at one time to Dr. Whitaker. They were given by Whitaker's daughter, Mrs. Taunton, to H. S. Stokes of Bodmin, Cornwall. Mr. Stokes transferred them to Sir John Macleane, from whom they were acquired in 1875 for the British Museum (Addit. MS. 29762). The British Museum possesses other manuscripts by Hals, viz.: (1) ‘The History of St. Michael's Mount;’ ​(2) ‘An Latimer ay Kernow, a Dictionary of the Cornish Language;’ (3) an amended transcript of Keigwin's ‘Mount Calvary,’ 1679–1680 (Addit. MS. 28554, ff. 51–8).
N. D. F. P.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Halls, John James

​HALLS, JOHN JAMES (fl.1791–1834), painter, a native of Colchester, was christened by his father after Jean-Jacques Rousseau. He was nephew through his mother of Dr. John Garnett, dean of Exeter. He exhibited a landscape at the Royal Academy in 1791, and about 1797 settled as a professional artist in London. He exhibited in 1798 'Fingal assaulting the Spirit of Loda,' in 1799 'Zephyr and Aurora,' and in 1800 'Creon finding Hæmon and Antigone in the Cave.' Subsequently he chiefly devoted himself to portrait-painting, but he occasionally attempted ambitious subjects, like 'Lot's Wife' (1802), 'Hero and Leander' (1808), and 'Danae' (1811). A large picture (exhibited at the British Institution in 1813) of 'Christ raising the Daughter of Jairus,' which won a premium, of two hundred guineas, was much admired by contemporary amateurs, but has not maintained its reputation; it is now in the church of St. Peter at Colchester. His most successful effort was 'A Witch—"but in a sieve I'll thither sail" from Macbeth,' which was finely engraved in mezzotint by C.Turner in 1807. In 1802 he accompanied Henry Fuseli, R.A. [q. v.], and others to Paris to study the collections brought together by Napoleon. Halls completed in 1813 a stained-glass window for Lichfield Cathedral, a commission which he obtained through his ​ intimate friend, Henry Salt, F.R.S. [q. v.], the famous Egyptian consul and explorer. Halls interested himself deeply in Egyptian and Abyssinian expeditions. In 1831 he edited 'The Life and Adventures of Nathaniel Pearce,' from the latter's own journals in Abyssinia, and in 1834, 'The Life and Correspondence of Henry Salt, F.R.S.,' to which is prefixed a portrait of Salt, painted by himself, and engraved by S. Freeman. A full-length portrait of Charles Kean as Richard III by Halls was engraved in mezzotint by Charles Turner. A portrait of Lord Denman by Halls, exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1819, is now in the National Portrait gallery.
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hallifax, William

​HALLIFAX, WILLIAM (1655?–1722), divine, born at Springthorpe, Lincolnshire, about 1655, was the son of the Rev. John Hallifax. On 20 Feb. 1670 he entered Brasenose College, Oxford, as a servitor, but was admitted a scholar of Corpus Christi College in April 1674, and a fellow in December 1682. He graduated B.A. in 1675, M.A. in 1678, and B.D. in 1687. In 1685 he published from the French a translation of Millet de Chales's ‘Euclide.’ On 18 Jan. 1687–8 he was elected chaplain to the Levant Company at Aleppo, and held the appointment until 27 Nov. 1695. Having at Michaelmas 1691 paid a visit to Palmyra in Syria, he sent an account to Professor Edward Bernard, which, with a sketch of the ruins taken by two of his travelling companions, was inserted in the ‘Philosophical Transactions’ for 1695 (xix. 83–110). He took the degree of D.D. by diploma in 1695, and on 17 Aug. 1699 he was presented by Thomas Foley of Witley Court to the richly endowed rectory of Old Swinford, Worcestershire, and held it with the rectory of Salwarpe in the same county, to which he was instituted on 18 July 1713 (Nash, Worcestershire, ii. 212, 214, 339). He died apparently in the beginning of 1722, and desired to be buried in the chancel of Salwarpe Church. His will, dated 2 Nov. 1721, was proved on 15 Feb. 1722 (P. C. C. 28, Marlborough). By his wife Mary, sister of the Rev. George Martin, he probably left no issue. He bequeathed to Corpus Christi College, Oxford, his oriental books and manuscripts, a silver-gilt basin bought at Aleppo, and a collection of coins and medals. He wrote also ‘A Sermon … preach'd Jan. 30, 1701. With a Vindication of its Author from aspersions cast upon him in a late libel, entitled a Letter to a Clergyman in the City, concerning the Instructions lately given to the Proctors of the Clergy for the Diocese of Worcester,’ 1702.
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Halpin, Nicholas John

​HALPIN, NICHOLAS JOHN (1790–1850), miscellaneous writer, was born 18 Oct. 1790 at Portarlington. After a distinguished career at Dublin University, where he proceeded B.A. in 1815, he took orders in the Irish church, but devoted himself largely to literary pursuits, and was for many years editor of the ‘Evening Mail,’ the chief protestant paper of Dublin. He was a permanent member of the Royal Irish Academy. He died at Dublin 22 Nov. 1850. He married in 1817 Anne Grehan, who, together with three sons and four daughters, survived him; of the former, Charles Graham is noticed separately.
Halpin wrote: 1. ‘An University Prize Poem, on His Majesty King George the Third having completed the Fiftieth Year of his Reign,’ Dublin, 1811. 2. ‘Tithes no Tax,’ Dublin, 1823. 3. ‘Authentic Report of the Speeches and Proceedings of the Meeting held at Cavan 26 January 1827, for the purpose of forming a Society for Promoting the Reformation, to which are added Notes and Appendix,’ edited Dublin, 1827. 4. ‘The Impossibility of Transubstantiation.’ 5. ‘No Chimæra, or the Lay Reformation in Ireland,’ Dublin, 1828. 6. ‘Oberon's Vision in the “Midsummer Night's Dream,” illustrated by a comparison with Lylie's “Endymion,”’ London, Shakespeare Society, 1843, an attempt to prove that Shakespeare was covertly referring to current events connected with Queen Elizabeth and Leicester. 7. ‘Bridal Runaway, an Essay on Juliet's Soliloquy,’ London, Shakespeare Society, 1845. 8. ‘The Dramatic Unities of Shakespeare, in a Letter addressed to the editor of “Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine,”’ Dublin, 1849. 9. ‘Observations on Certain Passages in the Life of Edmund Spenser,’ Dublin, 1850.
F. W-t.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Martiall, John

​MARTIALL or MARSHALL, JOHN (1534–1597), Roman catholic divine, was born in 1534 at Daylesford, Worcestershire, according to the Oxford records, though the admission-book of Winchester College states that he was a native of Defford, in that county (Kirby, Winchester Scholars, p. 124). He was admitted into Winchester College in 1545, and was elected to New College, Oxford, where he became a probationary fellow ​24 Aug. 1549, and a perpetual fellow in 1551. On 8 July 1550 he graduated B.C.L. (Wood, Fasti Oxon. ed. Bliss, i. 149), and about the same time he was appointed usher, or second master, of Winchester School, under Thomas Hyde (1524-1597) [q. v.] Being attached to the Roman catholic religion he retired to Louvain soon after the accession of Elizabeth, and studied divinity. In 1568 he was invited to Douay by William (afterwards cardinal) Alien, and graduated B.D. in the university there, 6 July 1568. Martiall was one of the six persons who were first engaged in establishing the English College in that city, but he soon left the new seminary, on account of the smallness of his emolument (Records of the English Catholics, i. 3, 4). Afterwards, by the interest of Dr. Owen Lewis [q. v.l archdeacon of Hainault, and eventually bishop of Cassano, he was appointed a canon of the collegiate church of St. Peter at Lille in Flanders. The civil tumults in the Low Countries long prevented him from obtaining possession of his canonry, but he was formally installed in 1579, and he enjoyed the dignity foreighteen years (Pits, De Anglice Scriptoribus, p. 795). He died on 3 April 1597 at Lille, in the arms of his friend William Gifford [q. v.], afterwards archbishop of Rheims, and was buried in St. Peter's Church.
He bequeathed a valuable ring, with a stone in it, to adorn a piece of the Cross, preserved as a relic in the cathedral at Lille. Martiall's works are: 1. 'A Treatyse of the Crosse, gathred out of the Scriptures, Councelles, and auncient Fathers of the Primitiue Church,' Antwerp, 1564, 8vo ; dedicated to Queen Elizabeth by the author, who was 'emboldened upon her keeping the image of a crucifix in her chapel' (Strype, Annals, i. 507-8). An answer published by Jamps Calf hill [q. v.] in 1565 was reprinted by the Parker Society in 1846. 2. 'A Replie to M. Calfhills "blasphemous Answer made against the Treatise of the Crosse,' Louvain, 1566, 4to. A rejoinder by William Fulke [q. v.], published with his ' Stapletoni Fortalitium Expugnatum,' London, 1580, 12mo, was printed in an English translation by the Parker Society in 1848. 3. 'A Treatise on the Tonsure of Clerics,' left imperfect, was not printed.
[Ames's Typogr. Antiq. (Herbert), pp. 1609, 1619; Cat. of MSS. in Cambr. Univ. Libr. iv. 550 ; Chambers's Worcestershire Biog. p. 77 ; Dodd's Church Hist. ii. 113; Foster's Alumni Oxon. early ser. in. 974 ; Lowndes's Bihl. Man. pp. 348, 845, 1489, Append, pp. A6, 57 ; Oxford Univ. Register (Hoase), pp. 232, 335; Records of the English Catholics, vol. i. pp. xxix, xxx ; Strype's Works (index); Tanner'3 BiM. Brit, p. 513 ; Wood's Athens Oxon. (Bliss), i. 658.]
T. C.