OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Bhide, Gopalrao Hari

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​BHIDE, GOPALRAO HARI (1843–1896)
A native of Mahapada in the Presidency of Bombay: son of a learned Brahman of the old type, who, too poor to maintain his family, migrated to Kalyan: educated at Poona: entered the railway service as a signaller, employed in the Berars and afterwards at Nagpur: became a clerk in the Magistrate's office and read law: in 1869 became a Pleader and obtained a lucrative practice: devoted himself to social reforms, particularly female education, the remarriage of widows, and improvement of modes of agriculture: through his advice the first proprietary cotton mill was established at Nagpur: died Jan. 4, 1896.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Bhandarkar, Ramkrishna Gopal

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​BHANDARKAR, RAMKRISHNA GOPAL (1837–)
Orientalist and social reformer: born July 6, 1837: educated at Ratnagiri and Elphinstone College, Bombay: M.A., 1866: Dakhshina Fellow there 1859, and later in the Dekkan College, Poona, till 1864: in the Bombay Education Department, 1864–93: Head-master of Hyderabad (Sind) and Ratnagiri High Schools, 1864–9: acting Professor of Sanskrit and Oriental Languages in Elphinstone College, Assistant Professor many years, till 1881: Professor of Sanskrit at Dekkan College, Poona, 1882–93: Fellow of Bombay University from 1866; Syndic, 1873–81; Vice-Chancellor, 1893–5: Hon. LL.D., 1904: Member of the Governor-General's Legislative Council, 1903–4, when the Universities Act was passed: Member of Bombay Legislative Council, 1904–5: Fellow of Calcutta University, 1887: Member of learned Societies, e.g. R.A.S. London, 1874; R.A.S. Bombay, 1865; German Oriental Society, 1887; American ​Oriental Society, 1887; Asiatic Society of Italy, 1887; of Imperial Academy of Science, St. Petersburg, 1888: Foreign member of the French Institute, 1895: also of the International Congress of Orientalists, London, 1874; and of Vienna, 1886, which he attended: C.I.E., 1887: retired from service, 1893: Hon. Phil. Dr. Gottingen University: has contributed largely to the Journals and Transactions of learned Societies, especially in Bombay, on philological and antiquarian subjects: also to the Indian Antiquary: first lecturer on the Wilson Lectureship, Bombay University: reported on his searches for Sanskrit MSS. in the Bombay Presidency: edited the text of the Sanskrit Malati-Madhava: and has written Sanskrit educational works: is a leader of the enlightened religious movement of the Prathna Samaj in W. India: as a social reformer has practically supported the re-marriage of widows, and in politics is a moderate progressive.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Bickerton, Sir Richard, Baronet

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​BICKERTON, SIR RICHARD, BARONET (1727–1792)
Entered the Navy, 1739: served in the W. Indies, the Mediterranean, the Channel, again the W. Indies and Channel: knighted, 1773: Baronet, May, 1778: in the battle of Ushant, July, 1778: to the E. Indies as commodore, 1782–4: at the action off Cuddalore, June, 1783: C. in C. at the Leeward Islands: Vice-Admiral, 1790: Port Admiral at Ply- mouth till his death, Feb. 25, 1792: M.P. for Rochester.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Bhopal, Nawab Sikandar Begam of

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​BHOPAL, NAWAB SIKANDAR BEGAM OF (1816–1868)
Daughter of Nuzzur Mahomed Khan, the Nawab of Bhopal and the Kudsia Begam: born in 1816: married, April 18, 1835, her cousin the Nawab Jehangir Muhammad Khan: after his death, on Dec. 9, 1844, she was appointed Regent, in Feb. 1847, and behaved with great loyalty to the British Government in the mutiny. In 1859 she was proclaimed Ruler, her daughter. Shah Jehan, resigning her rights during the mother's life. Sikandar Begam ruled with great vigour, ability and loyalty to the British Government: she received rewards after the mutiny, was made K.C.S.I. in 1861: G.C.S.I. in 1866: made the pilgrimage to Mecca in 1863: died Oct. 30, 1868.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/James, John (d.1661)

​JAMES, JOHN (d. 1661), Fifth-monarchy man, was a native of England, born of poor parents, but his birthplace is unknown. He had little education, and was a ribbon-weaver by trade. For some years he earned a living as a small-coal man, but was not strong enough for the work, and returned to weaving. He appears to have been of weak frame and diminutive stature, ‘a poor, low, deformed worm.’ In 1661 he speaks of ‘having not worn a sword this eleven years,’ and implies that he had never been in the army. He became preacher to a congregation of seventh-day baptists, who met in Bulstake Alley, Whitechapel Road. Here he advocated the doctrine of the approaching millennial reign of Christ, and seems to have got into trouble, owing to the vehemence of his expressions, in Cromwell's time. He had no hand in the rising of Fifth-monarchy men under Thomas Venner in January 1661, and, apart from the fanaticism of his preaching, was a peaceable man. On the information of John Tipler, a journeyman tobacco-pipe maker, James and his congregation, to the number of thirty or forty, were arrested in their meeting-place on Saturday, 19 Oct. 1661. James was committed to Newgate, and brought to trial at the king's bench on 14, 19, and 22 Nov. The indictment was for high treason, with five counts. Sir Robert Foster [q. v.], the chief justice, with two other judges, tried the case; the attorney-general (Jeoffry Palmer) and solicitor-general (Heneage Finch, first earl of Nottingham [q. v.]), with four king's counsel, prosecuted for the crown. James was undefended. The evidence as to the use of treasonable language was conflicting; no evidence was given of treasonable action. James was found guilty, and sentenced to be hanged, disembowelled, and quartered. In the interval between his conviction and sentence his wife, Elizabeth James, twice waylaid the king with a petition. Charles held up his finger and said, ‘O, Mr. James, he is a sweet gentleman.’ The sentence was carried out at Tyburn on 26 Nov. 1661. His head was set up on a pole ‘over against the passage to the meeting-place where he and his company were apprehended.’ Some of his addresses, and a remarkable prayer, are contained in ‘A Narrative of the Apprehending … and Execution of John James,’ &c., 1662, 4to; reprinted in Cobbett's ‘State Trials,’ 1810, vi. 67 sq. (nearly in full), and in ‘The Fifth Monarchy of the Bible,’ &c., 1886, 12mo.
[Speech and Declaration of John James, 1661; Narrative, 1662; the accounts in Crosby's Hist. of the Engl. Baptists, 1739, ii. 165 sq., Ivimey's Hist. of the Engl. Baptists, 1811, i. 320 sq., and Brook's Lives of the Puritans, 1813, iii. 391 sq., are abridged from the Narrative.]
A. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/James, John (1729-1785)

​JAMES, JOHN, D.D. (1729–1785), schoolmaster, born in 1729, son of Thomas James of Thornbarow, Cumberland, entered Queen's College, Oxford, as batler 6 June 1745, was elected taberdar 27 June 1751, proceeded B.A. 28 June 1751, and M.A. 7 Feb. 1755. On 11 April 1754 he became curate of Stanford Dingley, near Reading, and in 1755 head-master of St. Bees School, where he remained till 1771, and met with much success. He accepted in 1771 the lord chancellor's nomination to the vicarage of Kirk Oswald, near Penrith, but preferred to serve the curacy of Arthuret, near Carlisle, which was soon afterwards offered to him. He never resided at Kirk Oswald, and after paying the emoluments to a deputy for three years resigned the living in 1774. On 15 Feb. 1782 he was presented to the rectories of Arthuret and Kirk Andrews, proceeding B.D. and D.D. at Oxford as grand compounder on 1 March following. Dying at Arthuret 1 Jan. 1785, he was buried in the chancel of Arthuret Church. He married in 1757 Ann Grayson of Lamonby Hall, by whom he had four sons and three daughters.
The second son, John James (1760–1786), became a member of his father's college, won the Latin prize poem in 1782, the subject being Columbus, and graduated B.A. 4 July 1782. He took orders 1783–4, was appointed to a lectureship at Grosvenor Chapel, South Audley Street, London, and on his father's death was presented to the livings of Arthuret and Kirk Andrews. He died from the results of an accident 23 Oct. 1786, leaving a widow and one daughter. Richard Radcliffe's letters to his father, the correspondence which passed between his father and himself while he was in residence at Oxford, the letters of both father and son addressed to Jonathan Boucher [q. v.], the son's Latin poem on Columbus, and his Greek translation of an extract from Gay's ‘Fan,’ were printed in 1888 for the Oxford Historical Society in ‘Letters of Richard Radcliffe and John James.’ Both father and son are shown in a very amiable light.
The youngest son, Hugh James (1771–1817), after studying in London and Edinburgh, practised as a surgeon at Whitehaven (1796–8); in 1803 removed to Carlisle; completely lost his sight in 1806, but continued his surgical practice at Carlisle till his death in 1817.
[Letters of Richard Radcliffe and John James, Oxford, 1888; Foster's Alumni Oxonienses (1715–1886), ii. 740.]
J. T-t.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/James, George (d.1795)

​JAMES, GEORGE (d. 1795), portrait-painter, was born in London, and studied for some time in Rome. Establishing himself in Dean Street, Soho, London, he became a member of the Incorporated Society of Artists, and exhibited with them from 1761 to 1768.
In 1764 he exhibited a painting called 'The Death of Abel.' In the latter year he sent a large picture of the three Ladies Waldegrave, which met with severe criticism. In 1770 James was elected an associate of the Royal Academy, and up to 1779 was a regular contributor of portraits to its exhibitions. In 1780 he removed to Bath, where he practised with some success, and in 1789 and 1790 again appeared at the Royal Academy. Later he retired to Boulogne, where he died early in 1795, after suffering imprisonment during the reign of terror. Having inherited house property in Soho, and marrying a woman of some fortune, James was independent of his profession. His portraits, though carefully painted, were poorly drawn and without character.
[Edwards's Anecdotes of Painting; Sandby's Hist. of the Royal Academy; Redgrave's Dict. of Artists; Graves's Dict. of Artists, 1760-1880.]
F. M. O'D.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/James, John (1811-1867)

​JAMES, JOHN (1811–1867), antiquary, was born of humble parents at West Witton, Wensleydale, Yorkshire, on 22 Jan. 1811. After receiving a very scanty education, and working at a lime-kiln, he became clerk, first to Ottiwell Tomlin, solicitor, of Richmond, Yorkshire, and afterwards to a Bradford solicitor named Tolson. He had spent all his leisure in study, and Tolson encouraged him to compile ‘The History and Topography of Bradford,’ 8vo, 1841, of which a ‘continuation and additions’ appeared in 1866. After Tolson's death James forsook the law for journalism and antiquarian research. He became the local correspondent at Bradford of the ‘Leeds Times’ and ‘York Courant,’ and furnished articles on the Exhibition to the ‘Bradford Observer’ in 1862. To an edition of the ‘Poems’ of John Nicholson, the Airedale poet, published in 1844 (reissued in 1876), he prefixed an appreciative memoir. In 1857 he published a valuable ‘History of the Worsted Manufacture in England from the Earliest Times,’ and at the meeting of the British Association held at Leeds in September 1858 he read a paper on the ‘Worsted Manufactures of Yorkshire’ (Report, xxviii. pt. ii. pp. 182–3). In 1860 he published a lecture on ‘The Philosophy of Lord Bacon and the Systems which preceded it;’ and in 1861 edited for the benefit of the widow the ‘Lyrical and other Minor Poems’ of his old friend Robert Story, with a sketch of his life. In October 1863 his paper ‘On the Little British Kingdom of Elmet and the Region of Loidis’ was communicated to the British Archæological Association, then at Leeds (Journal, xx. 34–8). For the eighth edition of the ‘Encyclopædia Britannica’ he wrote the article on ‘Yorkshire.’ James died on 4 July 1867 at Nether Edge, near Sheffield, and was buried on the 8th at West Witton. On 18 Dec. 1856 he was elected F.S.A.
[Bradford Observer, 11 July 1867; Bradford Times, 6 July 1867; Sheffield Daily Telegraph, 5 July 1867; Sheffield and Rotherham Independent, 6 July 1867; Lists of Society of Antiquaries.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hughes, James

​HUGHES, JAMES (Iago Trichrug) (1779–1844), Welsh Calvinistic methodist minister, was born at Neuadd-ddu, in the parish of Ciliau Aeron, at the foot of Trichrug Mountain, Cardiganshire, in 1779. At the age of twenty-one he settled in London. He was soon afterwards expelled from the body of Calvinistic methodists with which he had been in communion. In 1805 he returned under the influence of the Rev. John Elias, and four years later began preaching. In 1816 he was ordained at Llangeitho, and continued a useful minister till his death, which took place at Rotherhithe in London on 2 Nov. 1844. He was buried in Bunhill Fields. He was popular as a poet, and contributed largely to Welsh periodicals.
Hughes's translations of Gray's 'Bard' and Blair's 'Grave' are well executed; but his chief literary work was his 'New Testament Expositor,' based on Poole, Doddridge, Scott, Henry, &c. It was begun in 1829 and completed in 1835, in 2 vols. 12mo, and published at Wyddgrug; a second edition was issued at Holywell in 1845. A similar work on the Old Testament was left incomplete at his death.
[J. T. Jones's Geiriadur Bywgraffyddol, i. 558-559.]
R. J. J.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hughes, Henry George

​HUGHES, HENRY GEORGE (1810–1872), Irish judge, born in Dublin on 22 Aug. 1810, was eldest son of James Hughes, solicitor, of Dublin, by his wife Margaret, daughter of Trevor Stannus Morton of Dublin,solicitor. Hughes received his early education at a private school in Jervis Street, Dublin, and subsequently entered Trinity College, but did not proceed to a degree. In Hilary term 1830 he was admitted a student of the King's Inns, Dublin, and in Trinity term 1832 of Gray's Inn, London; he was called to the Irish bar in Michaelmas term 1834.
Hughes devoted himself almost exclusively to the chancery courts, and in 1837 published a ‘Chancery Practice,’ which had a considerable success. He rapidly acquired an extensive practice, and was specially known for his complete mastery of all the details of chancery procedure, then much more complicated than at present. In 1844 he took silk, and as a leader continued to enjoy a very large practice, especially in the rolls court. In 1850 he was appointed by Lord John Russell solicitor–general for Ireland, and held that office till the fall of Lord John's government in 1852. During this period the Ecclesiastical Titles Act was passed, and Hughes as a Roman catholic incurred some unpopularity with the more zealous of his co-religionists from his connection with the government. He nevertheless received the support of the Roman catholic bishop and clergy when he unsuccessfully contested Cavan in 1855. In 1856 he was returned for Longford, but did not secure re-election at the general election of 1857. In 1858 he was again solicitor-general for Ireland in Lord Palmerston's administration, and in 1859, on the return of Lord Palmerston to power, was appointed a baron of the court of exchequer in succession to Baron Richards. On the bench Hughes was one of the rare instances of a chancery lawyer making a successful common law judge. He continued a member of the court of exchequer till his death on 22 July 1872.
In 1836 he married Sarah Isabella, daughter of Major Francis L'Estrange. Two daughters survived him, the elder now the wife of Lord Morris (lord of appeal); the younger the wife of Mr. Edward Fitzgerald of Fitz William Place, Dublin.
J. D. F.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hughes, Hugh (1805-1864)

​HUGHES, HUGH (Tegai) (1805–1864), Welsh poet, was born in the small village of Cilgeraint, Llandegai, Carnarvonshire, in 1805. His father was a deacon of the independent church at Cororion, and district president of the British and Foreign Bible Society. Hugh derived all his education from a Sunday school. When the independent church to which his family belonged was closed, he joined the Wesleyans, but subsequently returned to the independents, and became well known in the district as a powerful preacher. He was prevailed upon to take charge successively of churches at Rhos–y– lan, Tabor, and Llanystumdwy, at Jackson Street, Manchester, and at Capelhelyg, Chwilog, and Abererch in Carnarvonshire. At Abererch he set up a printing–press, and edited 'Yr Arweinydd,' a penny monthly, for many years. In 1859 he removed to Aberdare, where he took charge of the new church at Bethel, and gathered a large congregation. Hughes was Arminian rather than Calvinistic, but in his views of church organisation he was a pronounced independent, holding that each church should have the sole management of its own affairs. He lost money by his publications, and a public subscription was raised for him by friends during the last year of his life, but he died, 8 Dec. 1864, before the testimonial was presented.
Hughes was more voluminous as a writer than any Welshman of his day. He contributed largely to the current magazines. In early life he competed frequently and successfully at Eisteddfodau, and later often acted as an adjudicator. His principal works are:
* 'Rhesymeg' (logic), Wrexham, 1856.
* 'Y Drydedd Oruchwyliaeth' (The Third Dispensation), Pontyprydd, 1859.
* 'Grammadeg Barddoniaeth,' Carnarvon, 1862.
* 'Ioan yn Ynys Patmos' (Awdl)—an ode on St. John in the Isle of Patmos, Aberdare, 1864.
* 'Grammadeg Athronyddol,' stereotyped after 4th ed.
* 'Yr Ysgrifell Gymreig,' three editions, Wrexham.
* 'Crynodeb o Rammadeg Cymraeg,' i.e. introduction to Welsh Grammar, Carnarvon.
* 'Catechism of Welsh Grammar,' Carnarvon.
* 'Agoriad Gwybodaeth' (on composition).
* 'Review of Cole, and an Essay on Divine Government,' ​Carnarvon. Dr. Hughes (Cowlyd) says this is the best specimen of reasoning in the Welsh language. It was written when Hughes left the Wesleyans, and supplies a full account of his religious views.
* 'Bwrdd y Bardd ' (the first published collection of his poetical works).
* 'Essay on Independency.'
* 'Olyniaeth Apostolaidd.'
* 'Moses and Colenso.'
* 'Cydwybod.'
* 'Bedydd Cristeinogol.'
* 'Deddf, Pechod, a Gras.'
* 'Ydrydedd Oruchwyliaeth.'
* 'Cofiant J.Jones, Talsarn.'
* 'Casgliad o Emynau.'
* 'Telyn y Saint.'
[J. T. Jones's Geiriadur Bywgraffyddol, i. 567-70; three articles in Y Geninen, 1889.]
R. J. J.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hughes, Jabez

​HUGHES, JABEZ (1685?–1731), translator, younger brother of John Hughes (1677-1720) [q. v.], was for some years one of the receiver's clerks in the stamp office. He died on 17 Jan. 1731, in the forty-sixth year of his age, leaving a widow, who accompanied the wife of Governor Byng to Barbadoes, and died there in 1740, and an only daughter.
Hughes translated 'The Rape of Proserpine, from Claudian, in three books, with the Story of Sextus and Erichtho from Lucan's Pharsalia, book 6' (London, 1714, 8vo; another edition, corrected and enlarged, with notes, 1723, 12mo); Suetonius's 'Lives of the XII Cæsars,' with notes (London, 1717, 12mo, 2 vols.); and several novels from the Spanish of Cervantes, which were published anonymously in Samuel Croxall's 'Select Collection of Novels and Histories' (second edition, London, 1729, 12mo, six vols.) His 'Miscellanies in Verse and Prose' were collected by his brother-in-law, William Duncombe [q. v.], and published for the benefit of his widow in 1737 (London, 8vo). The dedication to the Duchess of Bedford, though signed by his widow, 'Sarah Hughes,' was written by John Copping, dean of Clogher (Nichols, Literary Anecdotes, 1814, viii. 268). Two short pieces written by Hughes are given in John Nichols's 'Select Collection of Poems' (1780), vi. 39-40.
[Preface to Hughes's Miscellanies in Verse and Prose, 1737; John Duncombe's Letters by Several Eminent Persons Deceased (2nd edit. 1773), i. 160; Calamy and Palmer's Nonconformist's Memorial, 1803, iii. 365-7; Brit. Mus. Cat.]
G. F. R. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hughes, John (1776-1843)

​HUGHES, JOHN (1776–1843), divine and antiquary, the third child of William Hughes, by his second wife, Elizabeth, daughter of John and Gwenllian Thomas of Lanyewan, was born on 18 May 1776 at Brecon, where his father was a respectable tradesman. He was educated at the College grammar school at Brecon. In 1790 he met John Wesley, who was passing northwards from the Bristol conference, joined the Wesleyans, and soon became a local preacher. In 1796 he was ordained a minister, and engaged in mission work on various Welsh circuits until 1805, when he was appointed to superintend the Wesleyan mission in Liverpool, and to ​pay monthly visits to Manchester. At Manchester he made the acquaintance of Dr. Adam Clarke [q. v.] In 1832 Hughes became a supernumerary, and retired to Knutsford in Cheshire, where he died 15 May 1843. In 1811 he married Esther, eldest daughter of Edward Clarke of Knutsford, who survived him.
Hughes published, besides smaller works:
* 'A Plea for Religious Liberty,' 1812.
* ' Horæ Britannicæ, or Studies in Ancient British History,' 2 vols. London, 1818-19, 8vo; a work highly spoken of by Bishop Burgess and Sharon Turner.
* 'Theological Essays and Discourses on the Nature and Obligations of Public Worship, &c.,'1818.
* 'An Essay on the Ancient and Present State of the Welsh Language,' London, 1823, 8vo, for which, as for two other essays, he obtained a medal from the Cambrian society.
* 'Memoir of Miss Pedmore of Knutsford,' 1836.
* 'Memoir and Remains of the Rev. Mr. Fussel, Wesleyan Minister,' 1840.
He left in manuscript (1) a corrected copy of the 'Horæ Britannicæ,' (2) 'A History of Wales,' and (3) 'Historical Triads, Memorials of Remarkable Persons and Occurrences among the Cymry.' The last, which is an annotated translation from the Welsh, is now in the British Museum. A Welsh translation of his friend Dr. Coke's 'Commentary on the New Testament' was begun by him, but was not completed.
[Williams's Eminent Welshmen, p. 225; Wesleyan Meth. Mag., lxx. i. 209.]
W. A. J. A.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hughes, Griffith

​HUGHES, GRIFFITH (fl. 1750), naturalist, was perhaps the son of Edward Hughes of Towyn, Merionethshire, who was ​born about 1707, matriculated at St. John's College, Oxford, in 1729, and graduated B.A. and M.A. in 1748. He was rector of St. Lucy's, Barbadoes, and fellow of the Royal Society in 1750, when he published a 'Natural History of Barbados.' The work, a folio of 314 pages, with a map and twenty-nine plates, mostly by Ehret, was published by subscription. Hughes also contributed a paper 'Of a Zoophyton resembling the Flower of the Marigold' to the 'Philosophical Transactions' for 1743, xlii. 590.
G. S. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hughes, Hugh (1693-1776)

​HUGHES, HUGH (y Bardd Coch) (1693–1776), Welsh poet, born on 22 March 1693, was son of Gruffydd Hughes, who derived his lineage, according to the Welsh genealogies, from Tegeryn ab Carwed, the lord of Twrcelyn. He was chiefly self-educated. He resided chiefly on his estate at Llwydiarth Esgob, near Llanerchymedd, Anglesea. He died on 6 April 1776, and was buried in Holyhead churchyard. Hughes's verses were held in high esteem by Goronwy Owen. He is one of the three Anglesea poets whose works are found in the ‘Diddanwch Teuluaidd neu waith Beirdd Mon’ (London, 1763; 2nd edition, Carnarvon, 1817; 3rd edition, Liverpool, 1879). Other poems by him occur in the 'Blodeugerdd,' 'Diddanwch i'w Feddianydd' (Dublin, 1773), and 'Dewisol Ganiadau.' Hughes also published 'Dial Ahaz,' 'Deddfau Moesoldeb,' and 'Rheolau Bywyd Dynol' (Dublin, 1774), all three purporting to be translations from English works. He left behind him several valuable manuscripts containing poems, translations, tales, and biographies. Most of these came into the possession of his son, who succeeded to the estate, and many have since been lost, but a few are preserved at the British Museum.
D. Ll. T.