OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The New Student's Reference Work/Wandering Jew

See also Wandering Jew on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Wan′dering Jew, the name given to the hero of a popular legend. In one story he belonged to the tribe of Naphtali and went with the three wise men from the east to Bethlehem and his stories of the adoration of the infant were the cause of Herod's slaying the children of that region. As a carpenter, he was making the cross for Christ, when He passed on His way to Calvary, and refused Him rest. Christ bade him wander through the earth, without rest, till His second coming, which he has done ever since, seeking death in vain—so runs the legend. In another form of the story, he was a shoemaker at his bench, whereon he refused the Saviour permission to rest. The legend appeared first in the Chronicle of Matthew of Paris, and many poems and novels have been based on it, notably The Wandering Jew by Eugene Sue. It has also been the subject of illustrations, among the finest being those by Gustave Doré.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Ward, Artemus

See also Charles Farrar Browne on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Ward, Artemus. See Browne, Charles Farrar.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Waring, George Edwin

See also George E. Waring, Jr. on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Waring (wa′rĭng), George Edwin, American sanitary engineer, was born at Pound-ridge N. Y., July 4, 1833, and died in New York City, Oct. 30, 1898. He was educated at Poughkeepsie, studied agriculture, and lectured on it in Maine and Vermont. From 1857 to 1861 he was drainage engineer of Central Park, New York; and on the outbreak of the Civil War he became major of the Garibaldi Guard, after which he raised and became major of the Fremont Hussars, and subsequently colonel of the 4th Missouri cavalry. In 1880 he became special agent of the United States 10th census and, later, member of the national board of health. His knowledge of drainage problems made him very useful to the authorities of New York City and led to his being consulted by those of other towns and cities. After the yellow fever epidemic of 1878 in Memphis he devised the sewage system of that city, and from 1895 to 1898 he was commissioner of street cleaning in New York, doing wonders as administrative head of the department. In October, 1898, he was appointed head of a commission to improve the sanitary condition of Havana and other Cuban towns and to select the sites of camps for the American troops. His published works embrace Draining for Profit and Draining for Health, How to Drain a House, Sewerage and Land Drainage and Sanitary Drainage of Houses and Farms.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Ward, Artemas

See also Artemas Ward on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Ward, Ar′temas, an American general, was born at Shrewsbury, Mass., Nov. 27, 1727. He was a graduate of Harvard College. He served in the French and Indian War and was sent as delegate to the provincial congress in 1774. He was commander of the Massachusetts troops at the beginning of the Revolutionary War and was head of the army until the appointment of Washington, when he was made second in command. He was placed first on the list of major-generals by Congress. He was 16 years in the Massachusetts legislature and a member of Congress for four years. He died at Shrewsbury, Mass., Oct. 28, 1800.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Ward, Mary Augusta Arnold

See also Mary Augusta Ward on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Ward, Mary Augusta Arnold (Mrs. Humphry Ward), English novelist, who has
[Image: MRS. HUMPHRY WARD]
achieved a worldwide fame, was born in 1851 at Hobart, Tasmania, where her father, Thomas Arnold, M. A., son of Dr. Thomas Arnold of Rugby and brother of Matthew Arnold, held an educational appointment. "Like George Eliot, Mrs. Humphry Ward's contact with literature and life has been broad and fruitful." Her ability and scholarship were shown early in her literary career by her contributions to Macmillan's Magazine, by her articles in Smith's Dictionary of Christian Biography and by her translation of Amiel's Journal Intime. Her first venture in fiction was a tale of an actress's life—Miss Bretherton (1884). Four years later appeared Robert Elsmere, a remarkable though rather skeptical production, dealing with the struggle of an aspiring soul toward a newer theistic faith and creed. In 1892 came from her gifted pen The History of David Grieve, and two years subsequently appeared Marcella, the latter a noble study of woman's nature. Among other writings are Sir George Tressady, a sort of art sequel to Marcella and Helbeck of Bannisdale, two works of remarkable power and compelling interest. Mrs. Ward is intimately associated with the social and educational work of University Hall, an institution in London, now merged in Passmore Edwards' Settlement.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Ware, Mass.

See also Ware, Massachusetts on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Ware, Mass., a city in Hampshire County, on Ware River and the Boston and Albany and Boston and Maine, 22 miles west of Worcester and 25 northeast of Springfield. It occupies high ground, and besides cotton and woolen goods manufactures hosiery, paper, boots and shoes. It has an opera-house, public library and numerous churches and schools. It was incorporated in 1761. Population 8,774.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Warbler

See also Warbler on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​War′bler, the name for any one of a family of small, abundant birds. There are two distinct families, the Old-World and the New-World warblers. The latter are the ones especially referred to here. There are about 100 species, all American. Many of them are less than five inches long, and nearly all are less than six and one half inches. They show great variation in colors and are difficult to identify. About 35 species regularly visit the northeastern
GROUP OF WARBLERS American Redstart. Magnolia Warbler. Bay-breasted Warbler.
​states, but very few are familiar to the casual observer, for the reason that they perch mostly in the tree-tops, and must be especially looked for. They are all insect-eating and migratory, May and September being the months in which they are most abundant in the eastern United States, some arriving and others passing on their way north or south. The yellow warbler is a summer resident and is abundant in lawns, parks and orchards, but the others mostly inhabit woods. The redstart also is very abundant. It is a pert little bird, with red and black colors and a white belly. The black and white warbler nests in the eastern states. It runs over the bark of trees like a nuthatch. The black-throated, green warbler nests in pine woods from southern New England northward. Besides the tree-inhabiting warblers are a number which live in undergrowth and on the ground. Among these are the oven-bird and the Maryland yellow-throat. The former makes an oven-shaped nest of grass on the ground. It is one of the larger warblers, being about 6.15 inches long. The yellow-breasted chat is the largest of warblers, reaching a length of 7.45 inches. It is one of the few birds which sing regularly at night. The Old-World warblers are not represented in America. The tailor bird (q. v.), is an example.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Ward, John Quincy Adams

See also John Quincy Adams Ward on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Ward, John Quincy Adams, an American sculptor, was born at Urbana, O., June 29, 1830. His first work was done in Washington, and consisted largely of busts of noted men, as Alexander Stephens, Hamlin etc. Since 1861 his home has been in New York. His Indian Hunter, A Private of the Seventh Regiment and Shakespeare are in Central Park, New York City; his colossal statue of Washington is on the steps of the sub-treasury building in Wall Street, New York, and a statue of Henry Ward Beecher in Brooklyn, and that of William E. Dodge pn Broadway, New York. The Good Samaritan, The Freedman and statues of Commodore Perry, Washington and General Thomas are others of his well-known works.
# The New York Times/1854

Content exists for this periodical, though at this stage it is not specifically organised beyond a basic hierarchy.
The pages listed below are an automatically generated listing.
Special:PrefixIndex/The New York Times/1854/
# The New York Times/1855

Content exists for this periodical, though at this stage it is not specifically organised beyond a basic hierarchy.
The pages listed below are an automatically generated listing.
Special:PrefixIndex/The New York Times/1855/
# The New York Times/1853

Content exists for this periodical, though at this stage it is not specifically organised beyond a basic hierarchy.
The pages listed below are an automatically generated listing.
Special:PrefixIndex/The New York Times/1853/
# The New York Times/1858

Content exists for this periodical, though at this stage it is not specifically organised beyond a basic hierarchy.
The pages listed below are an automatically generated listing.
Special:PrefixIndex/The New York Times/1858/
# The New York Times/1901/08/01/Americans Allege Mexican Outrage

AMERICANS ALLEGE MEXICAN OUTRAGE.
Unprotected Women Arrested for Defending Their Home.
Special to The New York Times.
AUSTIN, Texas, July 31.—According to the story told by some Americans who are returning to their homes in Cincinnati, Ohio, they underwent a severe ordeal in Mexico. The Americans are Mrs. J. J. Kauffman, wife of the manager of the gold mines of W. A. Perry at Santos Varones, State of Guerrero, Mexico; Mrs. McLaughlin, mother of Mrs. Perry, and John Perry.
They say that at night, about two weeks ago, Mrs. Perry and her mother were in their home at Santos Varones, when an attack was made on the place by brigands. Mrs. Perry shot and fatally wounded one of the Mexican outlaws, who tried to force an entrance to the house. The news quickly spread, and the commandant of the district soon arrived with a posse of soldiers, surrounded the house, and commanded the two women to surrender. W. A. Perry, his son John, and T. J. Arthur, an American mining man, who had just arrived at the place, were placed under arrest with the women. The following day they were moved forward to Tetipac, where they asked permission to communicate with the City Judge, at Tasco; but the privilege was denied them.
When the Judge and his secretary had gone to dinner they prevailed upon the guard to allow them the use of the telephone.
Immediately upon being informed of their predicament, the City Judge ordered the release of the prisoners and the arrest of the commandant, who, it is charged, had heaped indignities on his prisoners. Messrs. Perry and Arthur returned at once to their camp and took their families to Tasco, the home of the City Judge, where Mrs. Kauffman remained to make her declaration before the court.
Action in the matter was delayed by the Judge at Tetipac, who it is alleged, failed to promptly forward the report of the affair. After several days, Messrs. Perry and Arthur obtained the assistance of higher officials in liberating the women. Upon being advised of the affair, Gov. Mora wired instructions for a thorough investigation.
Mrs. Kauffman was allowed to leave after making her statement, and the other prisoners were also released.
# The New York Times/1901/08/01/Advertisement—Overland Limited

Every Conceivable Luxury
Is provided on the "Overland Limited." Chicago to San Francisco, via Chicago & North-Western, Union Pacific, and Southern Pacific Rys. Address North-Western Line. 661 B'way.—Adv.
# The New York Times/1901/08/01/Alabama Interests Consolidated

Alabama Interests Consolidated.
Special to The New York Times.
BIRMINGHAM, Ala., July 31.—E. M. Tutwiler of the Tutwiler Coal and Iron Company and Edgar Adler and associates to-day filed a deed in Probate Court, by which their interests are merged in the Tutwiler Coal, Iron and Coke Company.
The capital stock of the new concern is Sl,500,000, of which the Tutwiler interests are placed at $1,000,000. The property includes a blast furnace at Birmingham, coke ovens and coal mines in Jefferson County, and ore mines in several counties adjoining the Birmingham district.
# The New York Times/1901/08/01/Americans Want Lease of a British Railway

AMERICANS WANT LEASE OF A BRITISH RAILWAY.
Offer to Guarantee Dividends to South Eastern Road Shareholders—The Line Now Running at a Loss.
LONDON, Aug. 1.— Mr. Lander, a shareholder of some magnitude in the South Eastern Railway, announced at the half-yearly meeting yesterday that an American syndicate desired a forty-year lease of the line, and was ready to deposit £1,000,000 as a guarantee of a 3 per cent. dividend during the first year and ultimately a 5 per cent. dividend.
This statement was made after the Chairman of the company, Henry Cosmo O. Bonsor, had reported that no dividend could be paid this year, that the accounts showed a deficiency, and that it was necessary to issue, additional stock to the amount of £l,666,000.
This issue was authorized, Mr. Lander caustically commenting upon a state of affairs showing no dividend after sixty-five years of working.
Although nothing was done with reference to the proposal announced by Mr. Lander, the latter, after the meeting, told a representative of The Daily Mail that the last had not been heard of it.
The South Eastern Road has now 608 miles in operation. Its London termini are Charing Cross, Cannon Street, Victoria and London Bridge. Trains runs to Tunbridge Wells, Dorking, Guildford, Reading, Canterbury, Ramsgate, Margate, Dover, and other points south of London and on the south coast.
The road operates a fast service to the Continent, via Dover and Calais.
# The New York Times/1901/08/01/Big Tree for Big Fair

BIG TREE FOR BIG FAIR.
St. Louis Exposition Managers Will Transplant a Giant Red Oak, Roots and All.
Special to The New York Times.
ST. LOUIS, July 31.—For the Louisiana Purchase Exposition an effort is to be made for the removal of a huge tree, root and branch, by water more than 1,000 miles from the wildest section of Arkansas to Forest Park. The tree is a red oak, 100 feet high and 12 feet in diameter at the base. It stands in the forest about two miles southeast of Elgin, Ark., and one mile from tho bank of Black River.
The first thing to be accomplished is the construction of a double tramway with the tracks thirty feet apart from the tree to the river, where it will be floated and towed to St. Louis. It is estimated that this will occupy six months. The tree will be dug up by the roots instead of cut in the usual manner, and none of its branches will be trimmed, but will be put on exhibition just as it now stands in the woods.
# The New York Times/1901/08/01/British Warship Ashore?

BRITISH WARSHIP ASHORE?
Report that the Battleship Glory, Admiral Rawson's Flagship, is Aground on the Chinese Coast.
HONGKONG, July 31.—It is reported that the new British battleship Glory, flagship of the British China Squadron, is ashore between here and Shanghai.
The warships Eclipse, Daphne, and Pigmy have left this port suddenly. No explanation of their departure is given.
The first-class battleship Glory was launched early last year at Birkenhead, and went into commission in November. She is one of the ships of the Canopus class, regarded as among the finest vessels in the British Navy. She is of 12,950 tons displacement, and has 13,500 horse power. She is heavily armored, and carries four twelve-Inch guns, twelve six-inch quick-firing guns, and eighteen smaller quick-firing guns. She has a speed of over eighteen knots and carries a crew of 700 men. She cost £844,057.
The Glory flies the flag of Vice Admiral Sir Harry Holdsworth Rawson, who succeeded Vice. Admiral Sir Edward H. Seymour as Commander in Chief on the British China station.
# The New York Times/1901/08/01/Canada and Reciprocity

CANADA AND RECIPROCITY.
Montreal Paper Says the Dominion Does Not Want an Arrangement with the United States.
Special to The New York Times.
MONTREAL, July 31.—The Montreal Star devotes a long editorial to replying to the editorial in The New York Times of July 29, entitled "A Neglected Field."
The Star refers to the campaign con ducted in favor of unrestricted reciprocity by the Liberals in 1891, which resulted in their defeat, and says it is buried as a rallying cry just as thoroughly as is the silver question in the United States.
In regard to that portion of the article dealing with the transfer of American industries across the Canadian border, the Star says Canada is familiar with that argument and adds that the union of the spider and the fly developed the energies and industries of both parties.
"Canada," the paper says, has resolved firmly upon the policy of developing her home industries. Whatever party is in power will be obliged to recognize this as the wish of those who think on such subjects and influence people who do not. We have already done too much to build up the industries and advance the prosperity of our neighbors. We buy too much from them, and sell them too little, but there is grave danger that in any new deal our lot become worse instead of better.
The hope, the ambition, the dream of patriotic Canadians is to see Canada a country filled with an industrious, prosperous population, developing her marvelous natural resources, selling the world her finished product, and not the raw material to be used in furnishing skilled labor with means of livelihood in foreign countries. This end can be attained by a policy of protection of home industries, not as retaliation against our commercially inhospitable neighbors, but as the deliberately decided upon policy of Canadians of all parties.
"The condition, which protection has brought about of bringing industries and investors from the United States into Canada, is better for us than to be sending our raw material to be worked up on the other side of the line."
# The New York Times/1901/08/01/Advertisement—New York Central

​Pittsfield in 4 hours, North Adams in 5 hours, from New York, via Harlem Division of the New York Central. Luxurious through trains. Inquire at New York Central ticket offices.—Adv.
# The Origins of the Islamic State/Part 7/Chapter 1

PART VII
ISLANDS IN THE SEA
CHAPTER I
The Conquest of Certain Islands in the Sea
Sicily. The first to invade Sicily was Muʿâwiyah ibn-Ḥudaij al-Kindi in the days of Muʿâwiyah ibn-abi-Sufyân. It was continually invaded after that. The descendants of al-Aghlab ibn-Sâlim al-Ifrîḳi conquered more than 20 cities in it, which are still in the hands of the Moslems. In the caliphate of al-Mutawakkil, Aḥmad ibn-Muḥammad ibn-al-Aghlab reduced in it the Yânah castle and Ghalyânah fortress.
It is stated by al-Wâḳidi that ʿAbdallâh ibn-Ḳais ibn-Makhlad ad-Dizaḳi plundered Sicily and carried off idols of gold and silver studded with pearls, which he sent to Muʿâwiyah. Muʿâwiyah sent them to al-Baṣrah to be carried into India and sold there with a view to getting a higher price for them.
Rhodes. Muʿâwiyah ibn-abi-Sufyân sent expeditions by sea and by land. He sent to Rhodes Junâdah ibn-abi-Umaiyah-l-Azdi. Junâdah was one of those on whose authority traditions were reported. He had chance to meet abu-Bakr, ʿUmar and Muʿadh ibn-Jabal, and died in the year 80. Junâdah took Rhodes by force. Rhodes was a thicket in the sea. In pursuance of Muʿâwiyah's order, Junâdah caused Moslems to settle in it. This took place in the year 52.
​Rhodes is one of the most fertile of all islands, and is about sixty miles in size. It is rich in olive trees, vineyards, fruits and fresh water.
Muḥammad ibn-Saʿd from al-Wâḳidi and others:—The Moslems occupied Rhodes for seven years, living in a fort made for them. At the death of Muʿâwiyah, Yazîd wrote to Junâdah ordering him to destroy the fort and return. Muʿâwiyah used to alternate its occupants, making them live there in turns. Mujâhid ibn-Jabr lived in it and taught the Koran.
Arwâd. In the year 54, Junâdah ibn-abi-Umaiyah reduced Arwâd, and Muʿâwiyah made the Moslems settle in it. Among those who took part in conquering it was Mujâhid and Tubaiʿ, a son of Kaʿb al-Aḥbâr's wife. It was here that Mujâhid taught Tubaiʿ the Koran. Others say that he did it in Rhodes. This Arwâd is an island lying near Constantinople [al-Ḳusṭanṭînîyah].
Crete. Junâdah led a razzia against Crete [Iḳrîṭish], a part of which he conquered at the time of al-Walîd. Later, the island was lost to the Moslems. In the caliphate of ar-Rashîd it was invaded again by Ḥumaid ibn-Maʿyûḳ al-Ḥamdâni, who reduced a part of it. In the caliphate of al-Maʾmûn, it was invaded by abu-Ḥafṣ ʿUmar ibn-ʿÎsa-l-Andalusi, known by the name of al-Iḳrîṭishi, who first reduced one fort and occupied it. Then he kept on reducing one part after another until none of the Greeks were left. He also dismantled their forts.
* ↑ Ar. Siḳilliyah. Idrîsi, "Italy", in Nuzhat al-Mushtâḳ fi-Ikhtirâḳ al-Âfâk, pp. 57–58 (Rome, 1878).
* ↑ Kindi, pp. 17–19, 27–30.
* ↑ Cf. Idrîsi, "Italy", p. 49; Amari, Bibliotheca Arabo-Sicula, p. 60.
* ↑ Rûdis. See Kindi, p. 38.
* ↑ Kindi, p. 39.
* ↑ Ṭabari, vol. ii, p. 163.
* ↑ Ṭabari, vol. ii, p. 163; Dhahabi, p. 69.
* ↑ A Jewish rabbi of Ḥimyar converted to Islâm in the time of ʿUmar. Muir, Annals, p. 236, note 1.
* ↑ Idrîsi, "Italy", p. 19; Rustah, p. 85; "Iḳrîṭiyah".
# The Origins of the Islamic State/Part 8/Chapter 2

CHAPTER II
The Ḳarâṭîs
The Greeks used to get the ḳarâṭîs from Egypt, and the Arabs used to get the dînârs from the Greeks. ʿAbd-al-Malik ibn-Marwân was the first to inscribe on the upper part of these fabrics such phrases as "Declare: Allah is one!" and others with the name of Allah. One day, he received from the Byzantine king a message, saying, "You have recently introduced upon your ḳarâṭîs some inscription that we hate. If you leave that out, well and good; otherwise, you shall see on the dînârs the name of your Prophet associated with things you hate." This was too much for ʿAbd-al-Malik, who hated to abolish a worthy law that he had established. He thereupon sent for Khâlid ibn-Yazîd ibn-Muʿâwiyah and said to him, "O abu-Hâshim! It is a calamity!" Khâlid replied, "Be free from your fright, 'Commander of the Believers'; declare the use of their dînârs illegal; strike new coinage in place of them, and let not these infidels be free from what they hate to see on the fabrics." "Thou hast eased my mind," said ʿAbd-al-Malik, "may Allah give thee ease!" He then struck the dînârs.
According to ʿAwânah ibn-al-Ḥakam, the Copts used to ​inscribe the word "Christ" at the top part of the ḳarâṭîs, and to ascribe divinity to him (may Allah be highly exalted above that!); and they used to put the sign of the cross in place of "In the name of Allah, the compassionate, the merciful". That is why the Byzantine king was disgusted and his anger was aroused with the change that ʿAbd-al-Malik introduced.
According to al-Madâʾini, it was stated by Maslamah ibn-Muḥârib that Khâlid ibn-Yazîd advised ʿAbd-al-Malik to declare the use of the Greek dînârs illegal, to prohibit their circulation and to stop the sending of the ḳarâṭîs to the Byzantine empire. Accordingly, no ḳarâṭîs were carried there for some time.
* ↑ Rolls of papyrus for writing; also, cloth of Egyptian fabric used for carrying vases or clothes. Zaidân, Taʾrîkh at-Tamaddun, vol. i, p. 103; Zeitschrift für Assyrologie, pp. 187–190, yr. 1908.
* ↑ Al-Kindi, Faḍâʾil Miṣr, p. 209, lines 9–10 (ed. Oestrup).
* ↑ Ar. ṭawâmîr. Fraenkel, op. cit., p. 251.
# The Origins of the Islamic State/Part 7

CONTENTS
page
PART VII—ISLANDS IN THE SEA
# The Origins of the Islamic State/Part 8

CONTENTS
page
PART VIII—NUBIA