# Public Law 110-432/Division B/Title IV
## TITLE IV—MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS
### SEC. 401. COMMUTER RAIL MEDIATION.

    (a) Amendment- Part E of subtitle V is amended by adding at the end the following:
          `CHAPTER 285--COMMUTER RAIL MEDIATION
                   `Sec.
                   `28501. Definitions
                   `28502. Surface Transportation Board mediation of trackage use requests.
                   `28503. Surface Transportation Board mediation of rights-of-way use requests.
                   `28504. Applicability of other laws.
                   `28505. Rules and regulations.
          `Sec. 28501. Definitions
          `In this chapter--
                `(1) the term `Board' means the Surface Transportation Board;
                `(2) the term `capital work' means maintenance, restoration, reconstruction, capacity enhancement, or rehabilitation work on trackage that would be treated, in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, as a capital item rather than an expense;
                `(3) the term `commuter rail passenger transportation' has the meaning given that term in section 24102;
                `(4) the term `public transportation authority' means a local governmental authority (as defined in section 5302(a)(6)) established to provide, or make a contract providing for, commuter rail passenger transportation;
                `(5) the term `rail carrier' means a person, other than a governmental authority, providing common carrier railroad transportation for compensation subject to the jurisdiction of the Board under chapter 105;
                `(6) the term `segregated fixed guideway facility' means a fixed guideway facility constructed within the railroad right-of-way of a rail carrier but physically separate from trackage, including relocated trackage, within the right-of-way used by a rail carrier for freight transportation purposes; and
                `(7) the term `trackage' means a railroad line of a rail carrier, including a spur, industrial, team, switching, side, yard, or station track, and a facility of a rail carrier.
          `Sec. 28502. Surface Transportation Board mediation of trackage use requests
          `If, after a reasonable period of negotiation, a public transportation authority cannot reach agreement with a rail carrier to use trackage of, and have related services provided by, the rail carrier for purposes of commuter rail passenger transportation, the public transportation authority or the rail carrier may apply to the Board for nonbinding mediation. The Board shall conduct the nonbinding mediation in accordance with the mediation process of section 1109.4 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, as in effect on the date of enactment of this section.
          `Sec. 28503. Surface Transportation Board mediation of rights-of-way use requests
          `If, after a reasonable period of negotiation, a public transportation authority cannot reach agreement with a rail carrier to acquire an interest in a railroad right-of-way for the construction and operation of a segregated fixed guideway facility to provide commuter rail passenger transportation, the public transportation authority or the rail carrier may apply to the Board for nonbinding mediation. The Board shall conduct the nonbinding mediation in accordance with the mediation process of section 1109.4 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, as in effect on the date of enactment of this section.
          `Sec. 28504. Applicability of other laws
          `Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to limit a rail transportation provider's right under section 28103(b) to enter into contracts that allocate financial responsibility for claims.
          `Sec. 28505. Rules and regulations
          `Within 1 year after the date of enactment of this section, the Board shall issue such rules and regulations as may be necessary to carry out this chapter.'.
    (b) Clerical Amendment- The table of chapters of such subtitle is amended by adding after the item relating to chapter 283 the following:
          28501'.

### SEC. 402. ROUTING EFFICIENCY DISCUSSIONS WITH AMTRAK.

Amtrak, commuter rail entities, regional and State public transportation authorities, and freight railroad carriers are encouraged to engage in good faith discussions with respect to the routing and timing of trains to efficiently move a maximum number of commuter, intercity, and regional rail passengers, particularly during the peak times of commuter usage.

### SEC. 403. SENSE OF CONGRESS REGARDING COMMUTER RAIL EXPANSION.

    (a) Findings- The Congress find the following:
       (1) In 2006, Americans took 10.1 billion trips on public transportation for the first time since 1949.
       (2) The Northeast region is one of the Nation's largest emerging transportation `megaregions' where infrastructure expansion and improvements are most needed.
       (3) New England's road traffic has increased two to three times faster than its population since 1990.
       (4) Connecticut has one of the Nation's longest average commute times according to the United States Census Bureau, and 80 percent of Connecticut commuters drive by themselves to work, demonstrating the need for expanded commuter rail access.
       (5) The Connecticut Department of Transportation has pledged to modernize, repair, and strengthen the rail line infrastructure to provide for increased safety and security along a crucial transportation corridor in the Northeast.
       (6) Expanded New Haven-Springfield rail service would improve access to Bradley International Airport, one the region's busiest airports, as well as to Hartford, Connecticut, and Springfield, Massachusetts, two of the region's commercial, residential, and industrial centers.
       (7) Expanded commuter rail service on the New Haven-Springfield line could result in an estimated 630,000 additional trips per year and 2,215,384 passenger miles per year, helping to curb pollution and greenhouse gas emissions from road vehicle traffic.
       (8) The MetroNorth New Haven Line and Shore Line East railways saw respective 3.43 percent and 4.93 percent increases in ridership over the course of 2007, demonstrating the need for expanded commuter rail service in Connecticut.
       (9) Expanded New Haven-Springfield commuter rail service could provide transportation nearly 17 times more efficient in terms of average mileage versus road vehicles, alleviating road congestion and providing a significant savings to consumers during a time of high gas prices.
    (b) Sense of Congress- It is the sense of the Congress that expanded commuter rail service on the rail line between New Haven, Connecticut, and Springfield, Massachusetts, is an important transportation priority, and Amtrak should work cooperatively with the States of Connecticut and Massachusetts to enable expanded commuter rail service on such line.
    (c) Infrastructure Maintenance Report- Amtrak shall submit a report to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate, and to the State Departments of Transportation of Connecticut and Massachusetts, on the total cost of uncompleted infrastructure maintenance on the rail line between New Haven, Connecticut, and Springfield, Massachusetts.

### SEC. 404. LOCOMOTIVE BIOFUEL STUDY.

    (a) In General-
       The Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of Energy and the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, shall conduct a study to determine the extent to which freight railroads, Amtrak, and other passenger rail operators could use biofuel blends to power locomotives and other vehicles that can operate on diesel fuel, as appropriate.
    (b) Definition-
       In this section, the term `biofuel' has the meaning given such term by section 9001 of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 8101).
    (c) Factors-
       In conducting the study, the Secretary shall consider--
       (1) the energy intensity of various biofuel blends compared to diesel fuel;
       (2) environmental and energy effects of using various biofuel blends compared to diesel fuel, including emission effects;
       (3) the cost of purchasing biofuel blends;
       (4) whether sufficient biofuel is readily available;
       (5) any public benefits derived from the use of such fuels; and
       (6) the effect of biofuel use on locomotive and other vehicle performance and warranty specifications.
    (d) Locomotive Testing- As part of the study, the Secretary shall test locomotive engine performance and emissions using blends of biofuel and diesel fuel in order to recommend premium locomotive biofuel blends.
    (e) Report-
       Within 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall issue the results of this study to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate.

### SEC. 405. STUDY OF THE USE OF BIOBASED TECHNOLOGIES.

Within 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall transmit to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a report containing the results of a study of the feasibility of using readily biodegradable lubricants for freight and passenger railroad locomotives, rolling stock, or other equipment. The Secretary shall work with an agricultural-based lubricant testing facility or facilities to complete this study. The study shall include--
       (1) an analysis of the potential use of soy-based grease and soy-based hydraulic fluids to perform according to railroad industry standards;
       (2) an analysis of the potential use of other readily biodegradable lubricants to perform according to railroad industry standards;
       (3) a comparison of the health and safety of petroleum-based lubricants with biobased lubricants, which shall include an analysis of fire safety; and
       (4) a comparison of the environmental impact of petroleum-based lubricants with biobased lubricants, which shall include the rate and effects of biodegradability.

### SEC. 406. CROSS-BORDER PASSENGER RAIL SERVICE.

    (a) Plan- Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, Amtrak shall, in consultation with the Secretary, the Secretary of Homeland Security, the Washington State Department of Transportation, and the owners of the relevant railroad infrastructure--
       (1) develop a strategic plan to facilitate expanded passenger rail service across the international border between the United States and Canada during the 2010 Olympic Games on the Amtrak passenger rail route between Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, and Eugene, Oregon (commonly known as `Amtrak Cascades');
       (2) develop recommendations for the Department of Homeland Security to process efficiently rail passengers traveling on Amtrak Cascades across such international border during the 2010 Olympic Games; and
       (3) submit to Congress a report containing the strategic plan described in paragraph (1) and the recommendations described in paragraph (2).
    (b) Travel Facilitation- Using existing authority or agreements, or upon reaching additional agreements with Canada, the Secretary and other Federal agencies, as appropriate, are authorized to establish facilities and procedures to conduct preclearance of passengers traveling on Amtrak trains from Canada to the United States. The Secretary shall seek to establish such facilities and procedures--
       (1) in Vancouver, Canada, no later than June 1, 2009; and
       (2) in other areas as determined appropriate by the Secretary.

### SEC. 407. HISTORIC PRESERVATION OF RAILROADS.

    (a) Study; Other Actions-
       The Secretary of Transportation shall—
       (1) conduct a study, in consultation with the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation, the National Conference of State Historic Preservation Officers, the Department of the Interior, appropriate representatives of the railroad industry, and representative stakeholders, on ways to streamline compliance with the requirements of section 303 of title 49, United States Code, and section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (16 U.S.C. 470f) for federally funded railroad infrastructure repair and improvement projects;
       (2) take immediate action to cooperate with the Alaska Railroad, the Alaska State Historic Preservation Office, the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation, and the Department of the Interior, in expediting the decisionmaking process for safety-related projects of the railroad involving property and facilities that have disputed historic significance; and
       (3) take immediate action to cooperate with the North Carolina Department of Transportation, the North Carolina State Historic Preservation Office, the Virginia State Historic Preservation Office, the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation, and the Department of the Interior, in expediting the decisionmaking process for safety-related railroad projects of the North Carolina Department of Transportation and the Southeast High Speed Rail Corridor involving property and facilities that have disputed historic significance.
    (b) Report-
       Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit, to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate, a report on the results of the study conducted under subsection (a)(1) and the actions directed under subsection (a)(2) and (3). The report shall include recommendations for any regulatory or legislative amendments that may streamline compliance with the requirements described in subsection (a)(1) in a manner consistent with railroad safety and the policies and purposes of section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (16 U.S.C. 470f), section 303 of title 49, United States Code, and section 8(d) of Public Law 90-543 (16 U.S.C. 1247(d)).