OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Graham, Janet

​GRAHAM, JANET (1723–1805), poetess, was born near Lockerbie, Dumfriesshire, in 1723. Among other pieces she wrote ‘The Wayward Wife,’ which was once popular. She died in Edinburgh in April 1805, aged 82.
[Irving's Book of Scotsmen, p. 179.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Graham, John (1754-1817)

​GRAHAM, JOHN (1754–1817), painter, was born in Edinburgh in 1754. He was apprenticed to Farquhar, the leading coach-painter there, and afterwards pursued the same occupation in London, and studied in the schools of the Royal Academy. He resided in Leicester Square, London, contributed to the exhibitions of the Royal Academy from 1780 to 1797, and executed two subjects for Boydell's ‘Shakespeare Gallery.’ On 7 Feb. 1798 (see Minute of the board) he was appointed by the board of trustees for manufactures in Scotland, on the recommendation of Sir William Forbes, their teacher for the higher branches of design, and, casts of busts and statues having been procured, his academy was opened on 27 Nov. 1799 in a room in ​St. James's Square, Edinburgh. Among the first students admitted were David Wilkie and William Allan, afterwards P.R.S.A. On 5 March 1800 the entire Trustees' Academy, including its decorative and ornamental department, was placed under Graham's charge, and he held the appointment till his death on 1 Nov. 1817. In 1812 he contributed a scene from ‘Romeo and Juliet’ and a subject from Ovid to the fifth annual exhibition of the Associated Artists, Edinburgh.
His works are correct, in good taste, and broadly handled, and they evince considerable power; but his portraits—of which ‘Miss Wallis as Juliet’ and ‘Master Murray’ were mezzotinted by J. Grozer and P. Dawe—are less excellent than his figure pictures. He is known as an animal painter by a series of studies of lions and tigers, painted in the menagerie of the Tower. As a teacher he was eminently successful; he introduced various improvements into the system of training, and succeeded in inspiring his pupils with his own enthusiasm for art. Among those who studied under him, in addition to the names mentioned above, were James and John Burnet [q. v.], Alexander Fraser (1786–1865) [q. v.], and Sir John Watson-Gordon [q. v.] Wilkie retained the greatest respect for his memory, and the print from his old master's ‘Burial of General Fraser’ always hung in his study. Cunningham describes him as ‘a kind and ardent-minded man, of native understanding and joyous and sarcastic humour.’ His ‘Murder of Rizzio’ was mezzotinted by Dickinson; his ‘David instructing Solomon,’ 1797, was acquired by the Earl of Wemyss; the ‘Disobedient Prophet’ is in the National Gallery of Scotland; and the ‘Portrait of Alderman Boydell’ and the ‘Escape of Queen Mary from Lochleven’ were presented by Boydell to the Stationers' Hall, London, and are still preserved there.
J. M. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Graham, John (1805-1839)

​GRAHAM, JOHN (1805–1839), botanist, was a native of Dumfriesshire, who went to India in 1826. Shortly after his arrival in that country he was appointed by his patron, the governor (Sir John Malcolm), deputy postmaster-general of the Bombay presidency, which post he held until his death. He was also made superintendent of the botanic garden at Bombay soon after its establishment, and occupied himself in enriching it with exotic and indigenous plants, the latter mostly of his own collecting. At the time of his death he was engaged in printing a catalogue of Bombay plants, of which he saw two hundred pages through the press, and it was finished by his friend Mr. J. Nimmo. He died at Khandalla on 28 May 1839, after a few days' illness.
B. D. J.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lovell, Robert

​LOVELL or LOVEL, ROBERT (1630?–1690), naturalist, born at Lapworth, Warwickshire, about 1630, was younger son of Benjamin Lovell, rector of Lapworth, and brother of Sir Salathiel Lovell [q. v.] He became a student of Christ Church, Oxford, ‘by favour [according to Wood] of the visitors appointed by parliament’ in 1648, and graduated B.A. in 1659 and M.A. in 1653. He studied botany, zoology, and mineralogy, and his works on these subjects were published in 1659 and 1661, while he was still apparently resident in Oxford. ‘Afterwards,’ Wood continues, ‘he retired to Coventry, professed physic, and had some practice therein, lived a conformist, and died [there] in the communion of the church [in November 1690].’ He was buried in Holy Trinity Church, Coventry.
Lovel's first work was ‘Παμβοτανολόγια: sive Enchiridion Botanicum; or a Compleat Herball, containing the sum of antient and modern Authors … touching Trees, Shrubs, Plants … wherein all that are not in the Physic Garden in Oxford are noted with asterisks … together with an Introduction to Herbarisme, &c., an Appendix of Exotics, and an universal Index of Plants, shewing what grow wild in England,’ Oxford, 1659, 8vo. It contains a list of nearly 250 authors cited; but Pulteney mentions it mainly ‘to regret the misapplication of talents, which demonstrate an extensive knowledge of books, a wonderful industry in the collection of his materials, and not less judgment in the arrangement.’ The work reached a second edition in 1665. Meanwhile the author issued a companion work, ‘Παμζωορυκτολόγια: a Compleat History of Animals and Minerals, with their Place, Natures, Causes, Properties, and Uses,’ Oxford, 1661, 8vo.
[Wood's Athenæ Oxon. vol. iv. col. 296; Wood's Fasti, vol. ii. cols. 160 and 176; F. L. Colvile's Worthies of Warwickshire, p. 516; Pulteney's Sketches of the Progress of Botany, i. 181–4; Foster's Alumni Oxon.]
G. S. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lovell, George William

1904 Errata appended.
​LOVELL, GEORGE WILLIAM (1804–1878), dramatic author, born in 1804, was for many years secretary of the Phœnix Insurance Company, but devoted his leisure to writing plays. His first play was the ‘Avenger,’ produced at the Surrey Theatre in 1835, when Samuel Butler represented the chief character. This was followed by the ‘Provost of Bruges,’ with Macready as the hero, at Covent Garden 10 Feb. 1836. The play was founded on ‘The Serf,’ a story in Leitch Ritchie's ‘Romance of History,’ and attained great popularity. A novel called ‘The Trustee,’ which appeared in 1841, further advanced Lovell's literary fame; ‘Love's Sacrifice, or the Rival Merchants,’ a five-act drama, was brought out at Covent Garden on 12 Sept. 1842, under Charles Kemble's management, and the comedy of ‘Look before you Leap,’ at the Haymarket 29 Oct. 1846. Lovell's most famous play, the ‘Wife's Secret,’ was purchased by Charles Kean for 400l. before a line of it was written. It was originally produced at the Park Theatre, New York, 12 Oct. 1846 (Ireland, New York Stage, 1867, ii. 466), and was brought out at the Haymarket, London, 17 Jan. 1848, when it ran for thirty-six nights, and has kept the stage. Lovell's last drama, the ‘Trial of Love,’ acted at the Princess's Theatre 7 Jan. 1852, ran twenty-three nights, with Mr. and Mrs. Kean in the principal characters. He died at 18 Lyndhurst Road, Hampstead, 13 May 1878, in his seventy-fifth year. The majority of his dramatic pieces were printed.
Lovell's wife, Maria Anne Lovell (1803–1877), actress and dramatist, whom he married in 1830, was daughter of Willoughby Lacy, patentee of Drury Lane, who died 17 Sept. 1831, and was born in London 15 July 1803. She first appeared on the stage in 1818 at Belfast as Mrs. Haller, when her success was complete. In 1820 she played at Glasgow and Edinburgh in conjunction with Edmund Kean and Charles Young. On 9 Oct. 1822 she represented Belvidera at Covent Garden, which she followed with Isabella, and was then engaged by the lessee, Henry Harris, for three years. She excelled in pathetic parts (Mrs. C. Baron Wilson, Our Actresses, 1844, pp. 250–5). On her marriage she retired from the stage and employed herself in writing plays. Her drama ‘Ingomar the Barbarian,’ in five acts, was translated and altered from the German; on its production at Drury Lane in ​1851 the piece greatly owed its success to the acting of Miss Charlotte Vandenhoff in the character of Parthenia; it was revived in London by Miss Mary Anderson, the American actress, in September 1883. Another piece by Mrs. Lovell, ‘The Beginning and the End,’ in four acts, was first performed at the Haymarket in 1855 (Era, 8 April, 1877, p. 6). She died at 18 Lyndhurst Road, Hampstead, 2 April 1877.
[Era Almanack, 1869, p. 19; Era newspaper, 19 May, 1878, p. 6; Illustrated London News, 8 June 1878, p. 533, with portrait.]
G. C. B.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.186 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| | ii | 14 | Lovell, George W.: for Leith read Leitch |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lovell, Lovell Benjamin Badcock

​LOVELL, Sir LOVELL BENJAMIN BADCOCK (formerly Badcock) (1786–1861), major-general, a descendant of Sir Salathiel Lovell [q. v.], was born in 1786. He was eldest son of Stanhope Badcock of Little Missenden Hall and Maplethorpe Hall, Buckinghamshire, who served in the American revolutionary war as a subaltern in the 6th foot, and with the royal Bucks militia in Ireland in 1798. His mother was the daughter of William Buckle of Mythe Hall and Chasely, Gloucestershire. Educated at Eton, he was on 18 Dec. 1805 appointed cornet in the 4th light dragoons (now hussars), in which he became lieutenant 19 May 1808, and captain 12 Dec. 1811. He served in the expedition to Monte Video in 1807, on the staff of Sir Samuel Auchmuty [q. v.] Landing with his regiment in Portugal in December 1808, he served with it throughout the Peninsular campaign of 1809–14, most of the time with the light division. He was present at Talavera, the Coa, Fuentes d'Onoro (where he was wounded), Salamanca, Vittoria, Pyrenees, Nivelle, Nive, Orthez, and Toulouse, in all ten general actions, and including seven sieges, forty other affairs, great and small. In 1811 he appears to have been much employed on the left of the army as an unpaid intelligence officer, and was strongly recommended by Wellington for promotion (Gurwood, Well. Desp. iv. 306, v. 13). After the war Badcock was given a brevet majority (21 Jan. 1819) for his Peninsular services, and subsequently received the Peninsular medal with eleven clasps (Talavera, Busaco, Fuentes d'Onoro, Badajoz, Salamanca, Vittoria, Pyrenees, Nivelle, Nive, Orthez, and Toulouse). On 28 Oct. 1824 he was brought into the 8th light dragoons (now hussars), after the return of that regiment from India, and on 21 Nov. 1826 obtained a lieutenant-colonelcy, half-pay unattached. He was one of the military reporters under Lord William Russell at the siege of Oporto, and during the Miguelite war in Portugal. After his return he published a small volume of ‘Rough Leaves from a Journal in Spain and Portugal in 1832, '33, and '34,’ London, 1835. On 21 March 1834 he exchanged to the command of the 15th hussars with Lord Brudenell, afterwards Earl of Cardigan. In 1835 he was made K.H. In 1839 he took the 15th hussars out to Madras. In 1840, together with his brother, Captain William Stanhope Badcock, K.H., royal navy, he assumed the surname of Lovell under royal sign manual. He became brevet-colonel 23 Nov. 1841. On 8 March 1850 he exchanged from the 15th hussars to half-pay 11th hussars. He became major-general 20 June 1854, and in 1856 was made K.C.B., and appointed colonel of the 12th royal lancers. He died at Brunswick Terrace, Brighton, 11 March 1861, aged 75.
[Dod's Knightage, 1860; Hart's Army Lists; Gent. Mag. 1861, i. 473.]
H. M. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lovell, Salathiel

​LOVELL, Sir SALATHIEL (1619–1713), judge, son of Benjamin Lovell, rector of Lapworth, Warwickshire, and brother of Robert Lovell [q. v.], was born in 1619. He was called to the bar at Gray's Inn in November 1656, and became an ancient of the inn in 1671. In 1684 he was counsel for Sacheverell, who with others was indicted for a riot at an election for the mayoralty of Nottingham. In June 1688 he became a serjeant-at-law, and four years later he was a candidate against Mr. Selby for the recordership of London. Each candidate obtained twelve votes, and Lovell was elected by the casting vote of the lord mayor. On 22 Oct. 1692 he carried up an address of congratulation to the king at Kensington Palace on his return from abroad, and an invitation to a banquet at the Guildhall on lord mayor's day, and was thereupon knighted. In 1695, on 24 May, the first day of term, he was called within the bar as king's serjeant, and in the following year became a judge on the Welsh circuit. He continued to be principally occupied with the administration of the criminal law, and in 1700 he petitioned the crown for a grant of the forfeited estate of Joseph Horton of Cotton Abbotts in Cheshire, on the ground that he had been more diligent in the discovery and conviction of criminals than any other person in the kingdom, and that he had been a loser by it, his post being worth but 80l. a year with few perquisites, and usually being regarded as a mere stepping-stone to a judgeship in Westminster Hall. In June 1700, when the superannuation of Baron Lechmere was expected, Lovell was looked on as his successor, but he continued without reward until ultimately the land in question was granted to him, and on 17 June 1708, at the age of ninety, he was appointed a fifth baron of the exchequer. He had resigned his Welsh judgeship in the previous year, and now vacated the recordership. He sat on the bench five years, but was old and incompetent. He was ‘distinguished principally for his want of memory, and his title of recorder was converted into the nickname of the Obliviscor of London.’ He died 3 May 1713. A son Samuel became a Welsh judge.
[Foss's Judges of England; State Trials, x. 61; Luttrell's Diary, i. 446, ii. 476, 478, 598, iii. 476, iv. 612, vi. 166, 316, 318; Redington's Treasury Papers, 1697–1701 p. 561, 1702–7 pp. 89, 286.]
J. A. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lovell, Daniel

​LOVELL, DANIEL (d. 1818), journalist, was for many years proprietor and editor of the ‘Statesman,’ a newspaper projected in 1806 by John Hunt. His outspoken criticism of the tories subjected him to much government persecution. In 1811 he was sentenced to twelve months' imprisonment for copying the remarks of the Manchester papers on the conduct of the military at Sir Francis Burdett's arrest; while the original promulgators of the libel were only called upon to express regret at their inadvertence. In August 1812 he was again tried and found guilty of a libel on the commissioners of the transport service; and although he pleaded that it was published without his knowledge or sanction while he was in prison, he was sentenced to pay a fine of 500l., to be imprisoned in Newgate for eighteen months, and to find securities for three years, himself in 1,000l., and two sureties in 500l. each. Being unable to pay the fine or find sureties, he remained in gaol. At length, on 23 Nov. 1814, Samuel Whitbread, M.P., presented a petition from him praying for a remission or reduction of his fine, and after some time the government remitted the fine and reduced the amount of security; but he was still unable to procure it, and on 17 March 1815 Whitbread again presented a petition from him, stating his utter inability to obtain the required security, and calling the merciful consideration of the house to his sad plight, he having been confined nearly four years in Newgate. He was ultimately released, broken in health and financially ruined. In 1817 he was again heavily fined for speaking of the ministerial evening journal as ‘the prostituted “Courier,” the venerable apostate of tyranny and oppression, whose full-blown baseness and infamy held him fast to his present connections and prevented him from forming new ones,’ while he further accused the editor, Daniel Stuart [q. v.], of pocketing 600l. or 700l. of the Society of the Friends of the People. Lovell died in Salisbury Court, Fleet Street, on 27 Dec. 1818. Shortly before he sold the ‘Statesman’ to Sampson Perry, formerly editor of the ‘Argus.’
[Andrews's British Journalism, ii. 71, 91, 98; Fox Bourne's English Newspapers, i. 368; Gent. Mag. 1818, pt. ii. p. 647.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Johnstone, Charles

​JOHNSTONE, CHARLES (1719?–1800?), novelist, descended from a branch of the Johnstones of Annandale, Dumfriesshire, born at Carrigogunnel in the county of Limerick about 1719, was educated in the university of Dublin, where, however, he does not appear to have taken a degree. He was called to the bar, but extreme deafness prevented his practice except as a chamber lawyer, and not succeeding in that branch of the profession, he had recourse to literature for his support. His chief work, entitled ‘Chrysal, or the Adventures of a Guinea,’ and frequently reprinted, appeared in 4 vols., London, 1760–5. The first and second volumes had been written during a visit to the Earl of Mount-Edgcumbe in Devonshire. The book pretended to reveal political secrets, and to expose the profligacy of well-known public characters. It soon attracted attention as ‘the best scandalous chronicle of the day.’
In May 1782 Johnstone sailed for India, and very narrowly escaped death by shipwreck on the voyage. He found employment in writing for the Bengal newspaper press, under the signature of ‘Oneiropolos.’ He became in time joint proprietor of a journal, and is said to have acquired considerable property. He died at Calcutta about 1800.
Johnstone was also the author of: 1. ‘The Reverie, or a Flight to the Paradise of Fools,’ 2 vols. London, 1762. 2. ‘The History of Arbases, Prince of Betlis,’ 2 vols. 1774. 3. ‘The Pilgrim, or a Picture of Life,’ 2 vols. 1775. 4. ‘History of John Juniper, Esq., alias Juniper Jack,’ 3 vols. 1781.
[Gent. Mag. 1794 pt. ii. 591, 1807 pt. ii. 631, 1810 pt. i. 311; Ryan's Worthies of Ireland; Webb's Compendium of Irish Biography, p. 267.]
B. H. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Johnstone, Bryce

​JOHNSTONE, BRYCE, D.D. (1747–1805), Scottish divine, born on 2 March 1747, was the son of John Johnstone of Gutterbraes, provost of Annan. He studied at the university of Edinburgh, and was licensed as a preacher by the presbytery of Annan on 4 Oct. 1769. Two years afterwards he was ordained as assistant and successor to the Rev. Thomas Hamilton, minister of the church of Holywood, in the presbytery of Dumfries. On the death of Hamilton in 1772 he succeeded to the full charge of the parish, and shortly afterwards a new church was built to replace the ruinous structure that had been used as a place of worship from pre-reformation times. On 12 June 1786 the university of Edinburgh conferred the degree of doctor of divinity upon him, and he remained in the pastorate of Holywood until his death on 27 April 1805. Johnstone took a leading part in the management of ecclesiastical affairs, and was regarded as one of the prominent supporters of the popular party in the general assembly. His efforts for the improvement of agriculture in Scotland were so highly valued that they were specially recognised by the board ​of agriculture. ‘His piety was unaffected and unmixed with bigotry. He was tenacious of his principles, but his liberality of sentiment and charity towards those who differed from him led to no obstruction in the intercourse of life.’ He published a collection of sermons in 1807 and many separately. His principal works were: 1. Article on Holywood parish in Sinclair's ‘Statistical Account,’ vol. i., 1791. 2. ‘A Commentary on the Revelation,’ 1794. 3. ‘An Essay on the way to restore and perpetuate Peace, Good Order, and Prosperity to the Nation,’ 1801.
[Scott's Fasti, i. 583; Scots Mag. lxvii. 565; Murray's Galloway; Edinburgh Graduates; New Statistical Account.]
A. H. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Johnstone, James (1815-1878)

​JOHNSTONE, JAMES (1815–1878), proprietor of the ‘Standard’ newspaper, son of James and Elizabeth Johnstone, was born at Charles Street, Old Street, London, on 26 June 1815. His father, a messenger of the court of bankruptcy in Basinghall Street from 1820 to 1842, died 11 Aug. 1865, aged 79. The son succeeded his father in 1842, and served until 1861. At that date he became head of the business of Johnstone, Cooper, Wintle, & Co., of 3 Coleman Street Buildings, managers in chancery, bankrupts' accountants, and public auditors. In 1857 Charles Baldwin, proprietor of the ‘Morning Herald’ and the ‘Standard,’ its evening issue, having fallen into pecuniary difficulties, sold his properties to Johnstone for 16,500l., the plant used in printing the papers being included. The circulation of the ‘Standard’ had fallen to seven hundred. John Maxwell, the publisher, for a time a partner in the new enterprise, gave valuable advice, and Johnstone at once issued the ‘Standard’ for the first time as a morning paper on 29 June 1857, reducing the price to twopence, and doubling its size to eight large pages. He started a high-priced ‘Evening Herald’ on the same date, and still continued the ‘Morning Herald’ as a fourpenny paper. In the ‘Standard,’ in addition to the news, he gave a novel by Dr. William Russell, entitled ‘Leonard Harlowe, or the Game of Life.’ On 4 Feb. 1858 the price was reduced to a penny. The evening issue of the ‘Standard,’ which had been discontinued on 29 June 1857, was revived on 11 June 1860. The ‘Evening Herald’ came to an end on 27 May 1865, and the ‘Morning Herald’ on 31 Dec. 1869. The ‘Evening Standard’ appeared in a new form on 1 Jan. 1870, under the editorship of Charles Williams, and during that year on more than one occasion reached a circulation of one hundred thousand copies. Johnstone was a conservative by conviction, and conducted the ‘Standard’ in the interests of his party. He even opposed the reduction of the paper duty, though the change was to aid his special interest. His entire time was given up to the improvement and advancement of his papers. After 1869 he was able to pay off all the loans he had contracted, and ultimately became the sole proprietor. He died at Hooley House, Coulsdon, Surrey, on 21 Oct. 1878, and was buried at Coulsdon on 26 Oct. He was twice married, and left children by each marriage. One son, James Johnstone, junior, edited the ‘Standard’ from 1872 to 1877. His personalty was sworn under 500,000l., and William Henry Mudford, the editor of the ‘Standard,’ was by the will appointed chief trustee and sole manager of the newspapers.
[Bourne's English Newspapers, 1887, ii. 226, 239–41, 336–7; Grant's Newspaper Press, i. 328, iii. 111–13; Hatton's Journalistic London, 1882, pp. 146–54, with portrait; Vanity Fair, 14 Feb. 1874, p. 81, with portrait; Standard, 22 Oct. 1878, p. 4; information from W. H. Mudford, esq.]
G. C. B.