# Speeches and Writings of M. K. Gandhi

SPEECHES AND WRITINGS
of
M. K. GANDHI
with
an introduction by
MR. C. F. ANDREWS
and a biographical sketch
THIRD EDITION
G. A. NATESAN & CO., MADRAS
RUPEES THREE
religious prophets as Confucius and Lao-tse, Buddha, Zoroaster and Mohammed, and, most truly of all, the Nazarene ! Out of Asia, at long intervals of time, have arisen these inspired witnesses of God. One "by one they have appeared to teach men by precept and example the law of life, and thereivith to save the race. To-day, in this our time, there comes another of this sacred line, the Mahatma of India. In all reverence and with due regard for historic fact, I match this man with Jesus Christ: — Rev. Dr. Holmes.
PUBLISHERS' NOTE
This is an exhaustive, comprehensive and thoroughly up-to-date edition of Mr. Gandhi's Speeches and Writings revised and considerably amplified, with the addition of a large number of articles from Young India' and Navajivan (rendered int English.) The-inclusion of these papers have almost doubled the size of the old edition and the present collection runs to about 1,000 pages of well-arranged matter ranging over the whole period of Mr. Gandhi's public life. It opens with a succinct biographical sketch of Mr. Gandhi bringing the account of his life down to the historic trial and sentence. The Volume begins with the Indian South African Question and covers his views on indentured labour and Indians in the Colonies, his jail experiences in South Africa, his pronouncements on the Khaira and Champaran affairs, his discourses on Rowlatt Bills and Satyagraha, and finally his Young India and Navajivan articles on the Non-Cooperation movement, including select papers on the Khilafat and Punjab wrongs, the Congress, Swadeshi, Boycott, Charka, National Education and Swaraj. The additional chapters are arranged under suitable headings and include his messages on the eve of and after the arrest, his statement before the court, the trial and judgment. ​Then follows a symposium of appreciations from such diverse men as Tolstoy and Tagore, Prof. Gilbert Murray and Dr. Holmes of New York besides excerpts from the British and American press. The book which is bound in cloth and indexed contains portraits of Mr. and Mrs. Gandhi and three characteristic pictures of Mr. Gandhi taken at different periods of his life.
May, 1922.
G. A. NATESAN & CO. ​
CONTENTS
Introduction (p.21)
    By Mr. C. F. Andrews
M. K. Gandhi: A Sketch (p.27)
    By G. A. Natesan
South African Indian Question
    The Beginning of the Struggle (p.91)
    Deputation to Lord Selborne (p.120)
    Mr. Gandhi's Address (p.122)
    Deputation to Lord Elgin (p.133)
    Before the Court in 1907 (p.140)
    Attitude towards the Assailants (p.144)
    The Issue at Stake (p.146)
    The Marriage Question (p.151)
    Before the Court in 1913 (p.156)
    The Solomon Commission (p.159)
    Should Indians have full Citizen Rights? (p.167)
    A Truce with the Government (p.170)
    The Settlement (p.173)
    Farewell Speech at Durban (p.175)
    Address to the Indentured Indians (p.179)
    Address to the Tamil Community (p.181)
    Farewell Speech at Johannesburg (p.185)
    Farewell to South Africa (p.192)
    Reception in England (p.197)
    Letter to Lord Crewe (p.198)
    Farewell to England (p.199)
    Reception in Bombay (p.200)
    Reception in Madras
    The Indian South African League
    Advice to South African Indians
    Bail way Restrictions in Transvaal
    Indians in South Africa
    Indian Rights in the Transvaal
    Another S. A. Commission ​Indians in the Colonies
    Reciprocity Between India and the Dominions
    Indian and European Emigrants
    Indentured Labour
    Indian Colonial Emigration
    The Iniquities of the Indenture System
    Imperial Conference Resolutions
Jail Experiences
Passive Resistance
    How the Idea Originated
    Soul Force v. Physical Force
    The Origin of the Movement in South Africa
    The Genesis of Passive Resistance
    Passive Resisters in the Tolstoy Farm
    A Lesson to India
    A Message to the Congress
    The Gains of the Passive Resistance Struggle
The Champaran Enquiry
    Labour Trouble in Behar
The Kaira Question
    The Situation in Kaira
    The Vow of Passive Resistance
    Statement on the Kaira Distress
    Reply to the Commissioner
    The Meaning of the Covenant
    Reply to Kaira Press Note
    End of the Kaira Struggle
    The Last Phase
Earlier Indian Speeches
    The Duties of British Citizenship
    A Plea for the Soul
    On Anarchical Crimes
    Loyalty to the British Empire
    Advice to Students
    Politics and the People
    The Reward of Public Life ​
    Three Speeches on Gokhale
       Unveiling Mr. Gokbale's Portrait
       The Late Mr. Gokhale
       Gokhale's Services to India
    Hindu University Speech
    The Benares Incident
    Reply to Karachi Address
    The Gurukula
    Swadeshi
    Ahimsa
    Economic vs. Moral Progress
    The Moral Basis of Co-operation
    Third Class in Indian Railways
    Vernaculars as Media of Instruction
    Social Service
    True Patriotism
    The Satyagrahasrama
    Indian Merchants
    National Dress
    The Hindu-Mahomedan Problem
    Gujarat Educational Conference
    Gujarat Political Conference
    Address to Social Service Conference
    The Protection of the Cow
    On Womanhood
    Plea for Hindi
    The Ahmedabad Mill Hands
    A Letter to the Viceroy
    Recruiting for the War
    The Montagu Chelmsford Scheme
    Present Top-heavy Administration
The Rowlatt Bills & Satyagraba
    Manifesto to the Press
    The Pledge
    Speech at Allahabad
    Speech at Bombay
    Speech at Madras ​
    Appeal to the Viceroy
    The Satyagraha Day
    Satyagraha Day in Madras
    Message to Satyagrahis
    The Delhi Incident
    Message to Madras Satyagrahis
    Message to the Bombay Citizens
    Distribution of Prohibited Literature
    Message After Arrest
    The "Satyagrahi"
    Satyagraha and Duragraha
    Speech at Ahmedabad
    Temporary Suspension of the Movement
Non-Co-Operation
    The Punjab & Khilafat Wrongs
    The Amritsar Appeals
    The Khilafat Question
    "Why I have Joined the Khilafat Movement"
    Congress Report on the Punjab Disorders
    A Personal Statement
    How to Work Non-Co-operation
    Open Letter to Lord Chelmsford
    Political Freemasonry
    Courts and Schools
    Speech at Madras
    Speech at the Special Congress
    Swaraj in one Year
    "To Every Englishman in India"
    The Creed of the Congress
    Appeal to Young Bengal
    Open Letter to the Duke of Connaught
    The Need for Humility
    Strikes
    The Malegaon Incident
    The Simla Visit
    The Ali Brothers' Apology
    Violence and Non-Violence ​
    Appeal to the Women of India
    The Arrest of the Ali Brothers
    Manifesto on Freedom of Opinion
    The Great Sentinel
    Honour the Prince
    The Bombay Riots
       The Statement
       Message to the Citizens of Bombay
       Appeal to the Hooligans of Bombay
       Appeal to his Co-Workers
       Peace at Last
       The Moral Issue
    Civil Disobedience
    The Moplah Outbreak
    Reply to Lord Ronaldshay
    The Round Table Conference
    The Abmedabad Congress Speech
    The Independence Resolution
    The Bombay Conference
    Letter to H. E. the Viceroy
    Reply to the Government of India
    The Crime of Chauri Chaura
    In Defence of the Bardoli Decisions
    The Delhi Resolutions
    Reply to Critics
    A Divine Warning
On the Eve of Arrest
    "If I am Arrested."
    Message to Co-Workers
    Message to Kerala
After the Arrest
    The Arrest
    The Message of the Charka
    Letter to Hakim Ajmal Khan
    Letter to Srimati Urmila Devi
    Interview in Jail ​
    Letter to Moulana Abdul Bari
    Message to the Parsis
    Truth of the Spinning Wheel
    Letter to Mr. Andrews
The Great Trial
    Statement Before the Court
    Written Statement
    The Judgment
    Mr. Gandhi's Reply
    Message to the Country
Jail Life in India
    The Meaning of the Imprisonments
    Work in Gaols
    A Model Prisoner
Miscellaneous
    A Confession of Faith (p.859)
    Passive Resistors in the Tolstoy Farm (p.863)
    The Rationale of Suffering (p.864)
    The Theory and Practice of Passive Resistance (p.866)
    On Soul Force and Indian Politics (p.869)
    Rights and Duties of Labour (p.874)
    The Doctrine of the Sword (p.878)
    The Gujarat National University (p.883)
    Indian Medicine (p.888)
    Hindustani and English (p.890)
    Social Boycott (p.892)
    "Neither a Saint nor a Politician" (p.895)
    Hindu-Moslem Unity (p.901)
    Untouchability (p.905)
    Gokhale, Tilak and Mehta (p.908)
    The Fear of Death (p.913)
    Hinduism (p.916)
    National Education (p.924)
    From Satyagraha to Non-Co-Operation (p.928)
    Introspection (p.931)
    The Spinning Wheel (p.934)
    Love, not Hate (p.936) ​
Appendix I
    Mr. Gandhi's Religion (p.939)
    The Rules and Regulations of Satyagrahasrama (p.943)
    The Memorial to Mr. Montagu (p.948)
    The Swadeshi Vow (p.950)
Appendix II — Appreciations.
    Count Leo Tolstoy (p.955)
    Prof. Gilbert Murray (p.955)
    Lord Hardinge (p.958)
    Lord Ampthill (p.958)
    The Lord Bishop of Madras (p.958)
    Lord Gladstone (p.959)
    The Hon. Mr. Jameson (p.959)
    Sir Henry Cotton (p.959)
    Mr. Charles Roberts, M. P. (p.959)
    Senator W. P. Schreiner (p.960)
    G. K. Gokhale (p.960)
    Rev. Joseph Doke (p.961)
    Mrs. Annie Besant (p.962)
    Sir P. M. Mehta (p.962)
    Mrs. Sarojini Naidu (p.962)
    Dr. Subramania Iyer (p.963)
    Sir Rabindranath Tagore (p.963)
    Bal Gangadhar Tilak (p.963)
    Lala Lajpat Rai (p.964)
    Dr. J. H. Holmes (p.964)
    Mr. W. W. Pearson (p.965)
    Mr. Percival Landon (p.965)
    Col. J. C. Wedgwood, M. P. (p.966)
    Mr. Blanch Watson (p.966)
    Mr. Ben Spoor, M. P. (p.966)
    Mr. S. E Stokes (p.968)
    Vincent Anderson (p.968)
    Sir Valentine Chirol (p.968)
    Mr. C. F. Andrews (p.968)
    S. W. Clemes (p.970)
    Mr. W. E. Johnson (p.970) ​
    The Rt. Hon. V. S. Srinivasa Sastri (p.971)
    Mr. H. S. L. Polak (p.976)
    Mr. K. Natarajan (p.983)
    Mrs. Sarojini Naidu (p.983)
    Babu Dwijendranath Tagore (p.984)
Related Books (p.986)
Index (p.987)
Related Books and Eminent Orientalists (p.995)
Illustrations
    Mr. & Mrs. Gandhi
    Three Portraits of Gandhi
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
The longest-living author of this work died in 1948, so this work is in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 75 years or less. This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
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