OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Kalm

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​ Kalm, m., ‘calm,’ of LG. origin; LG. kalm, E. calm; based on the Fr. calme.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Kamerad

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Kamerad | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Kamerad, m., ‘comrade, companion,’ ModHG. only, from Fr. camarade (Ital. camerata, ‘society,’ lit. ‘comrades living together in a room,’ then too ‘companion’), whence also E. comrade. OTeut. had a number of terms for ModHG. Kamerad; comp. Geselle, Gesinde, OHG. gidofto, ‘companion’ (comp. Decht and Dost), simply forms illustrative of the OTeut. heroic age, which were partly disused in the MidHG. period in favour of the foreign terms Kumpan and Kamerad.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Kalmäuser

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​ Kalmäuser, m., ‘moping fellow,’ simply ModHG., of obscure origin; the second part of the compound is exactly the same as in Duckmäuser, which see.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Kalb

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​ Kalb, n., ‘calf,’ from the equiv. MidHG. kalp (b), OHG. chalb (plur. chalbir), n.; comp. AS. cealf, E. calf, Du. kalf, OIc. kalfr, m.; Goth. has only a fem. kalbô (OHG. chalba, MidHG. kalbe), ‘heifer over a year old that has not calved.’ MidHG. kilbere, f., OHG. chilburra, f., ‘ewe lamb,’ is in a different stage of gradation; comp. AS. cilforlamb, ‘ewe lamb,’ and ModHG. dial. Kilber (Swiss), ‘young ram,’ (E. dial. ​chilver). In the non-Teut. languages there is a series of words with the phonetic base glbh-, denoting ‘the young of animals.’ Comp. Sans. gárbha, ‘covey,’ also ‘child, offspring’; in the sense of ‘mother's lap’ the Ind. word suggests Gr. δελφύς, ‘womb,’ and its derivative ἀδελφός, ‘brother’; comp. also δέλφαξ, ‘pig, porker.’ To the a of the Teut. word o in Gr. δολφός ἡ μήτρα, ‘the womb,’ corresponds.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Kamel

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Kamel | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Kamel, n., ‘camel,’ from Lat. camêlus; in MidHG. kemmel, këmel, which point to the Byzantine and ModGr. pronunciation of Gr. κάμηλος, and hence to κάμιλος (the e of kemel is produced by i- mutation from a). The ModHG. word is a more recent scholarly term, borrowed anew from Lat. (comp. Fr. chameau, Ital. camello), while the MidHG. word was brought back from the Crusades, and hence is due to immediate contact with the East. Moreover, at San Rossore, near Pisa, a breed of camels has existed from the Crusades down to modern times, some of which are exhibited in Europe as curiosities. In the OTeut. period there was, curiously enough, a peculiar word for ‘camel’ current in most of the dialects, which corresponded to Gr. ἐλεφαντ-, Goth. ulbandus, AS. olfend, OHG. olbenta, MidHG. olbent; allied to OSlov. velĭbądŭ, ‘camel.’ The history of this word is quite obscure.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Kalander

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​ Kalander, m., ‘weevil,’ from the equiv. LG. and Du. kalander (comp. Fr. calandre).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Kalender

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Kalender | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Kalender, m., ‘calendar,’ from MidHG. kalender (with the variant kalenḍenœre), m.; the latter comes from Lat. calendarium, but is accented like calendae.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Kalmank

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​ Kalmank, Kalmang, m., from E. calamanco, Fr. calmande, f., all with the same meaning, ‘fine woollen stuff.’ MidLat. calamancus may be derived from the East.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/echt

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry echt. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ echt, adjective, ‘genuine, real, legitimate,’ simply Modern High German adopted from Middle German and Low German, where echt is the normal corresponding of Middle High German and Old High German êhaft, ‘lawful’; compare Dutch echt; akin to Old Frisian âft, ‘lawful’; from Ehe, compared with which the adjective has retained the old meaning of Ehe, ‘law.’ By means of the law-books based on the Saxon Code the Low German adjective found its way into High German but not until after Luther; yet the word does not occur in the Upper German dialects.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/eher

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry eher. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ eher, ehr, adverb, ‘sooner, earlier, rather,’ from Middle High German and Old High German êr (ê), ‘formerly, previously,’ comparative adverb; compare Gothic airis, ‘formerly,’ from air, ‘early,’ also Anglo-Saxon œ̂r, English ere. See ehe, erst.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/ehern

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry ehern. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ ehern, see Erz.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/eilf

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry eilf. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ eilf, see elf.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/eben

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry eben. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ eben, adjective, ‘even, level, plain, smooth,’ from Middle High German ëben, Old High German ëban, adjective, ‘level, flat, straight’; common to Teutonic under these meanings, but it is not found in any other Aryan group; compare Old Saxon eƀan, Dutch even, Anglo-Saxon ëfn, English even, Old Icelandic jafn, Gothic ibns, ‘level.’ Akin perhaps to Gothic ibuks, adjective, ‘backward’ (see Ebbe). Apart from Teutonic the stem ib in the form ep or ebh has not yet been authenticated; Latin œ̂quus (Sanscrit êka), cannot, on account of phonetic differences, be regarded as a cognate. —
eben, adverb, ‘even, just,’ from Middle High German ëbene, Old High German ëbano; compare Old Saxon ëfno, Anglo-Saxon ëfne (whence English even); the old adverb form of the adjective (Compare neben.)
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/edel

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry edel. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ edel, adjective, ‘of noble birth or qualities, excellent, generous,’ from Middle High German ędel, ędele, Old High German ędili (adal-), adjective, ‘of a good family, noble, high-minded’; a derivative of Adel, Old High German adal. Compare Old Saxon ęðili (aðal-), ‘of a good family, noble,’ from aðali, ‘noble family,’ Anglo-Saxon œðele, ‘noble, distinguished.’ For details see Adel.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/ehe

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry ehe. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ ehe, adverb, ‘before,’ from Middle High German ê, a parallel form to Modern High German ehr, Middle High German êr, like Modern High German da from dar, wo from war. See eher.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/eichen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry eichen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ eichen, aichen, verb, ‘to gauge,’ from Middle High German îchen (ähten), ‘to survey, gauge, inspect’; akin to Middle High German îche, îch, feminine, ‘measure, official standard, office of weights and measures’; corresponds to Dutch ijk, ‘gauge, stamp,’ ijken, ‘to gauge, stamp.’ In Low German and Middle Low German ike, feminine, means ‘gauge mark, instrument for gauging,’ generally ‘a pointed instrument, lance,’ for which reason the cognates have been derived from a Teutonic root îk, ‘to prick.’ Yet Middle High German ähten points to a connection with ahten. In Upper German pfechten (see Pegel) has a parallel form pfechen. The solution of the difficulty with regard to aichen has not yet been found. The spelling of the word with Old Bavarian ai is also remarkable, since in Suabian and Bavarian ei corresponds to the Middle High German î.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/eilen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry eilen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ eilen, verb, ‘to hasten, hurry,’ from the equivalent Middle High German and Middle Low German îlen, Old High German îlen (îllen from îljan); akin to Anglo-Saxon ĭle, Old Frisian ile, Old Icelandic il (genitive iljar), ‘sole of the foot.’ If the l be accepted as a derivative, as it often is in other words, we obtain the widely diffused root ī̆, ‘to go,’ as the source of the cognates; compare Greek ἱέναι Latin ire, Sanscrit root i, ‘to go,’ Old Slovenian iti, Lithuanian eíti, ‘to go.’ See gehen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/eigen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry eigen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ eigen, adjective, ‘own, pertinent, peculiar, odd,’ from the equivalent Modern High German eigen, Old High German eigan; an adjective common to Teutonic; compare Old Saxon êgan, Dutch eigen, Anglo-Saxon âgen, English own, Old Icelandic eiginn; Gothic used swês for *aigans. The old adjective eigen is, as the suffix n shows, ​Prop. a participle ending in -ana- of a verb, which only appears, however, as a preterite present, meaning ‘to possess,’ throughout the Teutonic group; compare Gothic áigan, (áihan), Old Icelandic eiga, Anglo-Saxon âgan, ‘to have’ (English to owe), preterite in Anglo-Saxon âhte, in English ought, whence also Anglo-Saxon âgnian, English to own. The Teutonic root aig (aih), from pre-Teutonic aik, preserved in these words, has been connected with the Sanscrit root îç, ‘to possess, have as one's own,’ the participle of which, îçâná-s (îçâna-s), agrees exactly with High German eigan, Gothic *aigans. In Modern High German Fracht (which see) we have a substantive formed with a dental suffix (Gothic aihts, ‘property, possession,’ Old High German êht).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Strähne

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Strähne. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Strähne, feminine, ‘skein, hank,’ from the equivalent Middle High German strën, strëne, Old High German strëno, masculine, corresponding to Middle Dutch strene, Dutch streen. Its connection with the preceding word is uncertain.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Strumpf

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Strumpf. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Strumpf, masculine, ‘stocking,’ from Middle High German strumpf, masculine, ‘stump, trunk (of a tree, of a body).’ These meanings of the Middle High German word that it is equivalent to the ​following word (*strumpo- for *strunqo-?). The Modern High German sense results from the originally current compound Hosenstrumpf (hence literally ‘the end of the hose, short hose’).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Strunk

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Strunk. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Strunk, masculine, ‘trunk, stem, stump,’ from the equivalent late Middle High German strunc, masculine, which, like the preceding word and Strauch, points to a Teutonic root strū̆k. It corresponds to Dutch strouk.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Strähle

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Strähle. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Strähle, feminine, ‘comb,’ from the equivalent Middle High German strœl, masculine, to which Modern High German and Middle High German strœlen, ‘to comb,’ is allied; the equivalent Old High German verb strâlen (*strâllen, *stralian) presumes also for Old High German a substantive strâl, meaning ‘comb.’ It is not improbable that the separate teeth of the comb were regarded as arrows, rays.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Stroh

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Stroh. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Stroh, masculine, ‘straw,’ from the equivalent Middle High German and Old High German strô (genitive strawes, strauwes, strôwes), neuter; a common Teutonic word. Compare Dutch stroo, Anglo-Saxon streaw, English straw, Old Icelandic strá (Gothic *strawa-), neuter. Its connection with streuen is evident, yet its exact relation is uncertain (Stroh, literally ‘hangings, embossed paper’?).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Strippe

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Strippe. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Strippe, feminine, ‘string, strap, band,’ a Middle German and Low German form for the genuine Middle High German strüpfe. Yet compare also Swiss štruppe, ‘strap.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Strobel

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Strobel. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Strobel, masculine, ‘pine cone, strobile,’ Modern High German only, allied to Middle High German strobelen, Old High German strobalôn. See sträuben.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Strudel

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Strudel. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Strudel, masculine, ‘eddy, whirlpool, vortex,’ from the equivalent late Middle High German strudel, masculine. A graded form from Old High German strëdan, strong verb, ‘to roar, bubble’; Latin strîdere, ‘to whiz,’ is not connected with the High German cognates.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Strieme

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Strieme. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Strieme, masculine and feminine, ‘stripe, streak, scar,’ from Middle High German strieme (streime, strîme), masculine, ‘stripe’; Old High German strī̆mo (to which strimil, Middle High German strîmel, is allied), ‘stripe,’ is an isolated relic of a Teutonic-Aryan root strī̆, which is not found elsewhere.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Strom

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Strom. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Strom, masculine, ‘stream, torrent, current,’ from the equivalent Middle High German strôm (stroum), Old High German stroum; common to Teutonic in the form straumo-. Compare Old Saxon strôm, Dutch stroom, Anglo-Saxon streám, English stream, and the equivalent Old Icelandic straumr. Teutonic straumo- for srou-mo- is based on the Aryan root srū̆ (srou), ‘to flow,’ which appears in Greek ῥέω (for *σρέϝω; ῥύσις, ‘flowing,’ for sru-ti-s), Sanscrit root sru, ‘to flow,’ Old Irish sruth, ‘river,’ and sruaim (base sroumen), ‘stream.’ For the evolution of Aryan sr to str see Schwester and Strick.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/beben

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/beben | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ beben, vb., ‘to tremble, shake,’ from MidHG. biben, OHG. bibên, ‘to shiver, tremble’; Gr. φέβομας, on account of the non-permutation of β to p and because of the ε of the root syllable, cannot be originally cognate with beben. The OTeut. word has i; comp. OSax. biƀôn, OIc. bifa, AS. beofian (from biƀôn), OHG. bibêt, ‘he trembles,’ corresponds exactly to Sans. bíbhêti, ‘he is afraid,’ in which bi- (for bhi) is the reduplicated syllable, and bhê for bhai is the augmented root syllable. The OInd. verb bhî, ‘to be afraid,’ forms its pres. by reduplication — bíbhêmi, bíbhéši, bíbhêti; to these Goth. *bibaim, *bibais, *bibaiþ, would correspond; this present was then, on account of its apparent deriv. ai, classed among the weak verbs in ai (Goth. habaiþ, OHG. habêt). The root bhî (Sans. bhî, ‘fear,’ bhîmá, ‘fearful’) is found in OSlov. boją sę, ‘I am afraid,’ běsŭ, ‘demon,’ Lith. byóti-s, ‘to be afraid,’ báime, ‘fear,’ bajùs, ‘terrible,’ baisà, ‘fright’ (and perhaps ModHG. beilen). Bi- is one of the few examples of reduplication in the pres. tense preserved in the Teut. group (comp. zittern), just as the perfect ModHG. thät, from OHG. tëta, is the sole instance of reduplication preserved in the perf. tense.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/befehlen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/befehlen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ befehlen, vb., ‘to order, command, commend,’ MidHG. bevëlhen, bevëlen, ‘to hand over, entrust, deliver, command’; OHG. bifëlhan, bifëlahan, ‘to hand over’ (also ‘to hide, bury, entrust, recommend’). The chief meaning of the Goth. str. vb. filhan in compounds with the particles ga-, us-, is also ‘to bury’; anafilhan approximates the ModHG., ‘to command, enjoin’; it means ‘to give, hand over, commend, recommend.’ AS. befeólan (for befeolhan), ‘to entrust, make over, devote oneself.’ Hence the primary meaning of the primit. Teut. str. vb. bifelhan is ‘to entrust, hand over, hide.’ The Teut. root felh- is based upon pre-Teut. pelk; it is a mistake, therefore, to connect the word on account of its earlier meaning, ‘to bury,’ with Lat. sepelire.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/begehren

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/begehren | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ begehren, vb., ‘to desire, crave, request, from the equiv. MidHG. begërn, chiefly in the simple form gërn, OHG. gërôn; the r probably belongs to the stem, because gern as a no-partic. points in that direction; comp. gern, Gier.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/beginnen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/beginnen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ beginnen, vb. ‘to begin,’ from the equiv. MidHG. beginnen, OHG. beginnan; it corresponds to Goth duginnan, AS. â-, be-, on-ginnan, E. to begin, OLG. biginnan, with a similar meaning. This verbal stem, which appears at an early period only in a compound form, is based upon a pre-Teut. to-, bhi-kenwô, with permutation of k to Teut. g. For the Aryan root ken comp. OBulg. po-čĭną (infin. po-čęti), ‘to begin,’ konĭ, ‘beginning.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/behagen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/behagen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ behagen, vb. (to which behaglich is allied), ‘to be comfortable,’ from the equiv. MidHG. behagen; OSax. bilagôn, AS. onhagian, ‘to suit, please,’ OIc. haga, ‘to arrange.’ OG. has only a str. participle, OHG. bihagan, MidHG. behagen, ‘fresh, joyous, comfortable’ (hence ModHG. das Behagen, Unbehagen); the old str. vb. no longer exists in Teut. Probably the Ind. root çak is primitively related to it — çaknômi, ‘am strong, able, helpful, beneficial,’ çakrá-s, ‘strong’; comp. further Hag, Hecke, and hegen, which with the same phonetic form approximate the earlier meaning ‘to help, protect.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/behaupten

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/behaupten | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ behaupten, vb., ‘to maintain, assert,’ not from MidHG. behaupten, which means ‘to behead.’ This word, which first occurs in ModHG., is rather derived with a change of meaning from MidHG. behaben, ‘to hold fast, keep, maintain.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/be-

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/be- | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ be-, prefix from MidHG. be, properly a verbal prefix from OHG. and Goth. bi, which has no definite meaning; identical with the prep. bei, from OHG. and MidHG. bî (Goth. bi), AS. bî, E. by. For be there appears a shorter syncopated form in bange, Erbarmen? barsch? bleiben, Block. See specially bei.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/bei

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/bei | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ bei, prep. and adv., ‘by, near, about’; the accented form of the unaccented prefix be; the Goth used in both cases bĭ; the Englishman makes a distinction like the German; AS. bî, E. by, but be as a prefix. OHG. bî and bi- (comp. also Beichte, Beispiel). In Goth. bĭ means ‘around, near’; hence its kinship with Gr. ἀμφί, Lat. ambi- is probable; the loss of the first syllable am- also occurs in the OTeut. word for beide; the base is probably ambhi-; comp. also um.