OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Crull, Jodocus

​CRULL, JODOCUS, M.D. (d. 1713?), miscellaneous writer, was a native of Hamburg, who, applying himself to medicine, took the degree of M.D. at Leyden in 1679 (inaugural essay, ‘Disputatio exhibens medicamenti veterum universalis, recentiorumque particularum verum in medicina usum,’ 4to, Leyden, 1679). He afterwards settled in London, was created M.D. of Cambridge by royal mandate on 7 Aug. 1681, and admitted a licentiate of the College of Physicians on 22 Dec. 1692. He had been elected a fellow of the Royal Society on 23 and admitted on 30 Nov. 1681, but from inability to pay the fees his name was omitted from the annual lists. He seems to have met with small success in his profession, and subsisted principally by translating and compiling for the booksellers. Among the Sloane MSS. (No. 4041, f. 288) is a letter from Crull entreating Sir Hans's vote at the coming election of a navy physician. His name appears on the college list for 1713, but not on that for 1715; it is therefore probable that his death occurred in the first-named year. From the same authority we find that he resided out of London, ‘country’ being appended to his name in the lists. Most of his books were published anonymously, or with his initials only. Of his translations may be mentioned: 1. Dellon's ‘Voyage to the East Indies,’ 8vo, London, 1698. 2. Pufendorf's ‘Of the Nature and Qualification of Religion, in reference to Civil Society,’ 8vo, London, 1698. 3. Pufendorf's ‘Introduction to the History of the Principal Kingdoms and States of Europe,’ 8vo, London, 1699 (other editions in 1702, 1706, and 1719). 4. ‘The Present Condition of the Muscovite Empire, … in two letters, … with the Life of the present Emperour of China, by Father J. Bouvet,’ 8vo, London, 1699. Crull's other publications are: 1. ‘The Antient and present State of Muscovy, containing an account of all the Nations and Territories under the Jurisdiction of the present Czar, … with sculptures,’ 2 vols. 8vo, London, 1698. 2. ‘Memoirs of Denmark, containing the Life and Reign of the late K. of Denmark, Norway, &c., Christian V, together with an account of the rise and progress of those differences now on foot, betwixt the two Houses of Denmark and Holstein Gottorp,’ 8vo, London, 1700. 3. ‘The Antiquities of St. Peter's, or the Abbey Church of Westminster, … with draughts of the tombs,’ 8vo, London, 1711. This last wretched compilation has on the title-page ‘by J. C., M.D., Fellow of the Royal Society.’ A reissue appeared in 1713, with a new title-page, but having no reference to Crull as the author. A so-called ‘second edition’ was published in 1715 (which was merely a second reissue), a third edition in 1722, in 2 vols., and a fourth in 1741 and 1742.
[Schroeder's Lexikon der hamburgischen Schriftsteller, i. 608; Munk's Coll. of Phys. (1878), i. 497; Notes and Queries, 6th ser. iii. 231; Lists of Royal Society and of Coll. of Phys. in Brit. Mus.; Cat. of Printed Books, Brit. Mus.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cruise, William

​CRUISE, WILLIAM (d. 1824), legal writer, second son of Patrick Cruise of Rahue or Rathugh, Westmeath, was admitted on 5 Nov. 1773 a member of Lincoln's Inn. Being a Roman catholic, and thus disabled by the statute 7 and 8 William III, c. 24, from practising at the bar, he took out a license to practise as a conveyancer, and acquired a considerable reputation. In 1783 he published ‘An Essay on the Nature and Operation of Fines and Recoveries,’ London, 8vo. The plan of this work, dealing with an intricate subject then of great importance, was suggested by Fearne's classic treatise on ‘Contingent Remainders.’ A second edition was published in 1785, and a third in 1794. Meanwhile the act for the relief of Roman catholics of 1791 (31 Geo. III, c. 32) had opened the bar to him. His call took place in the autumn of 1791 at Lincoln's Inn. His practice, however, seems to have remained wholly conveyancing. He does not appear to have married, and seems to have led a rather recluse life. In 1823 he retired from the profession, and took up his quarters at the Albany, Piccadilly, London, where he died on 5 Jan. 1824. Besides the treatise on fines and recoveries already mentioned, he published the following works: 1. ‘An Essay on Uses,’ London, 1795, 8vo. 2. ‘A Digest of the Laws of England respecting Real Property,’ London, 1804, 7 vols. 8vo; a work of considerable learning, which passed through three editions in his lifetime, the last appearing in 1812. It was reprinted, with corrections and additions by Henry Hopley White of the Middle Temple, barrister-at-law, in 1834, London, 7 vols. 8vo. ​A fifth edition by Simon Greenleaf, LL.D., Royall professor of law in Harvard University, appeared at Boston in 1849–50, 3 vols. 8vo. 3. ‘Principles of Conveyancing,’ London, 1808, 6 vols. 8vo. 4. ‘The Origin and Nature of Dignities or Titles of Honour,’ London, 1810, 8vo; second edition 1823, roy. 8vo. Cruise does not rank as an authority, but his works bear a high character for accuracy, and are still occasionally consulted by the practitioner.
[Lincoln's Inn Register; Brit. Mus. Cat.]
J. M. R.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Crumpe, Samuel

​CRUMPE, SAMUEL (1766–1796), Irish physician, was born in 1766. He resided in the city of Limerick, and possessed high literary and professional talents. The university of Edinburgh conferred on him the degree of M.D., as recorded in this entry: ‘1788. Samuel Crumpe, Hibernus. De vitiis quibus humores corrumpi dicuntur, eorumque remediis.’ By the publication of ‘An Inquiry into the Nature and Properties of Opium,’ London, 1793, and of ‘An Essay on the best Means of providing Employment for the People of Ireland,’ Dublin, 1793 (2nd ed. 1795), he gained no small celebrity; the latter work being honoured with a prize medal by the Royal Irish Academy and his admission as a member. The volume has justly been pronounced to be a really valuable publication. The principles which pervade it are sound; and those parts of it which have special reference to Ireland are distinguished by the absence of prejudice, and by their practical good sense. ​It is, in fact, a work which could not have failed to establish his reputation as a sensible and kind-hearted man, a true patriot, and a zealous philanthropist. German translations of both his works have been published. He died at Limerick 27 Jan. 1796, in his thirtieth year.
[Gent. Mag. (1796), lxvi. pt. i. 255; Biographie Universelle, x. 318; Watt's Bibl. Brit.; List of M.D.'s of Edinburgh University; Webb's Compendium of Irish Biography.]
B. H. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cruttwell, Clement

​CRUTTWELL, CLEMENT (1743–1808), author and compiler, commenced his career as a surgeon at Bath, where he published his ‘Advice to Lying-in Women’ in 1779. He soon afterwards took orders. He published Bishop Wilson's Bible and works, with a life, in 1785. He then began his ‘Concordance of the Parallel Texts of Scripture,’ which he printed in his own house, and on its completion his health was so broken down that he went to the baths of Saint-Amand for a cure. His ‘Gazetteer of France’ (1793) and ‘Gazetteer of the Netherlands’ (1794) were succeeded by his ‘Universal Gazetteer’ (1798), an enormous compilation, of which the entire edition was quickly sold out. He was engaged on a second edition of this great work, which was to contain thirty thousand fresh articles, when he died suddenly while on the way to his native town, at Froxfield in Wiltshire, in August 1808.
[Gent. Mag. September 1808.]
H. M. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Crusius, Lewis

​CRUSIUS, LEWIS (1701–1775), biographer, was a member of St. John's College, Cambridge, and took the degree of M.A. in that university per literas regias in 1737. He was elected head-master of the Charterhouse School, London, in 1748; collated to a prebend in Worcester Cathedral 20 Dec. 1751; and elected a fellow of the Royal Society 7 March 1754. It is stated that he afterwards took the degree of D.D. He was admitted rector of Stoke Prior in 1754, and of St. John's, Bedwardine, Worcester, 28 May 1764. He also became prebendary of Brecknock, and rector of Shobdon, Herefordshire. He resigned his mastership in 1769, and, dying on 23 May 1775, was interred under the piazza of the Charterhouse chapel.
He wrote ‘The Lives of the Roman Poets. Containing a critical and historical account of them and their writings, with large quotations of their most celebrated passages. Together with an introduction concerning the origin and progress of Poetry in general; and an Essay on Dramatick Poetry in particular,’ 2 vols. London, 1753, 12mo; third edit. 2 vols. London, 1753, 12mo. A German translation by C. H. Schmid appeared in 2 vols. at Halle, 1777, 8vo.
[Cole's Athenæ Cantab. C. i. 58 b; Cantabrigienses Graduati (1787), 105; Le Neve's Fasti (Hardy), iii. 80; Chambers's Biog. Illustrations of Worcestershire, 362, 597; Malcolm's Londinium Redivivum, i. 422, 427, 428; Annual Register, xviii. 209; Thomson's Royal Society, Append. p. 47.]
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cruso, John

The ODNB indicates that this biography confuses a father and son of the same name.
​CRUSO, JOHN, LL.D. (d. 1681), civilian, was matriculated at Cambridge as a sizar of Caius College 5 July 1632, proceeded B.A. in 1635–6, was elected a fellow of his college, and commenced M.A. in 1639. He was incorporated in the latter degree at Oxford 21 May 1643, having lost his fellowship at Cambridge on account of his loyalty. He was created LL.D. in 1652, and admitted a member of the College of Advocates, Doctors' Commons, 12 Nov. 1652 (Coote, English Civilians, p. 84). He was chancellor of the diocese of St. David's. He died in 1681.
His works are: 1. ‘Military Instructions for the Cavalry according to the Modern Warres,’ Cambridge, 1632, fol. 2. ‘The Arte of Warre, or Militarie Discourses,’ translated from the French of Du Praissac, Cambridge, 1639, 8vo. 3. ‘The compleat Captain, or an abridgement of Cesar's Wars, with observations upon them,’ translated from the French of the Duke de Rohan, Cambridge, 1640, 8vo. 4. ‘Castrametation, or the measuring out of the Quarters for the encamping of an Army,’ London, 1642, 4to. 5. ‘The Order of Military Watches,’ London, 1642, 4to. 6. ‘Euribates,’ 1660? a manuscript drama, preserved in the library of Emmanuel College, Cambridge.
[Addit. MS. 5865, f. 59; Wood's Fasti Oxon. (Bliss), ii. 59; Notes and Queries, 3rd series, viii. 391, 509, ix. 108.]
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cruttwell, Richard

​CRUTTWELL, RICHARD (1776–1846), writer on the currency, born in 1776, was educated at Exeter College, Oxford, and took the degree of B.C.L. on 13 June 1803. He was at one period chaplain of H.M.S. Trident, and secretary to Rear-admiral Sir Alexander J. Ball (d. 1809) [q. v.], and was perpetual curate of Holmfirth, in the parish of Kirkburton, Yorkshire. In 1822 he was presented by Lord Eldon to the rectory of Spexhall, Suffolk, and held it till his death, which took place in London on 12 Nov. 1846. Cruttwell persistently brought forward his views on the currency in numerous treatises and pamphlets. At one time he printed at his own cost and distributed hundreds of tracts; but his theories seem to have aroused little interest, and his publisher once received an unfranked note, saying: ‘Sir Robert Peel requests that Mr. Tippell will discontinue sending him printed papers respecting the currency.’ Cruttwell claims to have laboured for more than twenty years for the good of his country, and to have sacrificed for it health, friends, and comfort. In ‘Reform without Revolution,’ one of the latest of his writings, he urges the practical application of his principles to the relief of ‘our suffering millions, manufacturing operatives in particular,’ whose misfortunes arise ‘from untaxed foreign competition, from overtaxed home competition, [and] from a viciously depraved money standard.’ Cruttwell's publications are: 1. ‘A Discourse … on occasion of the Death of Admiral Sir A. J. Ball,’ London, 1809, 8vo. 2. ‘A Treatise on the State of the Currency … being a full and free Exposition of the Erroneous Principles of Mr. Ricardo … Mr. Huskisson, Mr. Peel,’ &c. London, 1825, 8vo. 3. ‘Practical ​ Application of the Rev. Mr. Cruttwell's Plan for adjusting the Currency to the real gold value of all property,’ 1826. 4. ‘A Petition to his Majesty the King on the Currency,’ &c., Halesworth, 1827, 8vo. 5. ‘The System of Country Banking defended,’ London, 1828, 8vo. 6. ‘Catholic Emancipation not calculated to relieve the starving Peasantry of Ireland’ [1828?]. 7. ‘Lectures on the Currency’ [Prospectus], Halesworth [1829], folio. 8. ‘Salva Fide, a letter on the Currency and the necessity of a new Standard, as opposed to the ruinous principles of what is called Mr. Peel's Bill,’ &c., London, 1830, 8vo. 9. ‘Two Modes for Accounting for the Church being in Danger,’ &c., Halesworth, 1837, 12mo. 10. ‘Wellingtoniana; or how to “make” a Duke and how to “mar” a Duke,’ &c., London, 1837. 11. ‘Reform without Revolution: in a strict union between the Mercantile …, Monied, Agricultural, and Labouring Classes on the principle of a … Sound … Standard, &c., by One of No Party [R. C.],’ London, 1839, 8vo. 12. ‘The Touchstone of England … Excessive Taxation … proved … the true Cause of England's present Public Distress,’ Halesworth, 1843, 12mo.
[Gent. Mag. 1847, new ser. xxvii. 100; Davy's Suffolk Collections, xciii. (Suffolk Authors) 375 = Brit. Mus. Addit. MS. 19169, f. 283; Catal. Oxford Grad.; Cruttwell's Reform without Revolution, &c.; Brit. Mus. Cat.]
W. W.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Colepeper, William

The trial was in 1704 (see ) making the chronology wrong here (and in the ODNB).
​COLEPEPER, WILLIAM (d. 1726), poet and politician, was the eldest son of Sir Thomas Colepeper, knight, of Hollingbourn, Kent. On account of a quarrel with Sir George Rook an attempt, at the instance he affirmed of Hook, was made upon his life, and after trial before Lord-justice Holt. 14 Feb. 1701, certain persons were fined for attempts to do him injury. He was one of five gentlemen who on 8 May 1701 delivered a petition to the House of Commons from the deputy-lieutenants, justices, and grand jurors of Kent, desiring that the house would turn their loyal addresses into bill of supply, &c. which petition being voted insolent and seditious they were ordered into the custody of the serjeant-at-arms, and thence sent as prisoners to the Gatehouse, where they remained till the end of the session. ​Colepeper was chairman of the quarter sessions at Maidstone and drew up the petition. He intermeddled with poetry as well as with politics, and was the author of a 'Heroick Poem upon the King,' 1694, and a 'Poem to the Lady Duty,' and 'Poem to the Rev. John Brandreth,' in 'Miscellaneous Poems and Translations by several Hands,' published by Richard Savage, son of Earl Rivers, 1726. He died in 1726. By his wife, Elizabeth Gill, he had three sons and three daughters.
[Hasted's Kent; Parliamentary History, v. 1247-67; History of the Kentish Petition in 1701 in Somers Tracts.]
T. F. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Coleridge, Herbert

​COLERIDGE, HERBERT (1830–1861), philologist, the son of Henry Nelson [q. v.] and Sara Coleridge [q. v.], was born at Hampstead on 7 Oct. 1830. Educated at Eton by his uncle, the Rev. Edward Coleridge, he obtained the Newcastle medal and the Balliol scholarship in 1847, and in 1848 was declared Newcastle scholar. His university career at Oxford, which began in 1848, was honourably concluded in 1852 with the attainment of a double first-class in classics and mathematics. Life was now opening upon him with every prospect of happiness. In the spring of 1853 ​he was married to Ellen, daughter of T. M. Phillips, and in the November following he was called to the bar, and began practising as a chancery barrister at his chambers in Lincoln's Inn. As his private means, though small, were sufficient to relieve him from any pressing pecuniary anxieties, he felt at liberty to devote his leisure hours to philological studies Sanscrit, the northern tongues, and particularly the language and literature of celand, being his chosen field of study. These interests naturally led to the formation of many congenial acquaintances. In February 1857 he was elected a member of the Philological Society, and contributed two papers on diminutives in 'let' and the Latin words 'ploro' and 'explore,' which were read at their March and May meetings. The society was then engaged on a proposal for remedying the acknowledged deficiencies of the two standard dictionaries of Johnson and Richardson by issuing a supplement, which soon developed into a scheme for a complete new English dictionary. Into this project Coleridge threw himself with his characteristic enthusiasm, and was appointed hon. secretary of a special committee 'formed for the purpose of collecting words and idioms hitherto unregistered,' a post for which he was well fitted by his learning and literary facility, no less than by his methodical habits. His new duties, practically constituting a general editorship of the work, involved a large correspondence with the numerous volunteer helpers. The results of his researches are embodied in his 'Glossarial Index to the Printed English Literature of the Thirteenth Century' (1859), which he describes as 'the foundation-stone of the proposed English dictionary. The scheme developed into the 'New English Dictionary' now being published by the Clarendon Press.
His efforts were necessarily relaxed, though never entirely relinquished, in consequence of a failure of health, which ended in consumption. Yet, in spite of increasing weakness, he continued to communicate papers on various philological topics, as well as reports of the progress of work; and during the last fortnight of his life, while confined to bed, he still sometimes dictated notes for the dictionary. An essay on King Arthur was printed by the Philological Society after his death, which took place on 23 April 1861 at 10 Chester Place, Regent's Park.
[Personal knowledge.]
E.C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Coleridge, Sara

​COLERIDGE, SARA (1802–1852), daughter of Samuel Taylor Coleridge [q. v.], was born 22 Dec. 1802 at Greta Hall, near Keswick, where her girlhood was spent under the care of Southey, and in the frequent society of Wordsworth. So distinguished were her abilities and so considerable her acquirements, that in 1822 she published in three volumes a translation of Martin Dobrizhoffer's Latin 'Account of the Abipones,' a performance in Coleridge's judgment 'unsurpassed for pure mother English by anything I have read for a long time.' It was undertaken as a contribution to her brother Derwent's college expenses, but these having been defrayed by his own exertions, the profits were invested for the translator's benefit. In 1825 she translated the ' Loyal Servant's' memoirs of the Chevalier Bayard. In 1829 'she married her cousin, Henry Nelson Coleridge [q. v.], whose acquaintance she had made on a visit to her father in 1822. They lived at Hampstead, and afterwards in Chester Place, Regent's Park. Her ' Pretty Lessons for Good Children' appeared in 1834, and 'Phantasmion' in 1837. In 1843 Henry Coleridge died, and his widow continued his task of editing and annotating her father's writings, 'expending in this desultory form,' says Professor Reed, 'an amount of original thought and an affluence of learning which, differently and more prominently presented, would have made her famous.' In 1850 her always delicate constitution broke down, and she died on 3 May 1852. The unanimous testimony of her friends represents her as an almost perfect woman, uniting masculine strength of intellect to feminine grace and charm. This favourable judgment is confirmed in both its branches by the correspondence published by her daughter in 1873, though a considerable part of it is occupied with references to contemporary theological controversies. 'She was most at home and at ease,' says Sir Henry Taylor, 'in the region of psychology and abstract thought.' Many of her remarks and criticisms nevertheless evince the soundest common sense. Her only original work of importance, the fairy tale ' Phantasmion,' though full of charming fancy, fails as a whole from the characteristic pointed out by Lord Coleridge, its recent editor, 'the extent and completeness of its narrative.' It is planned on too large a scale, and fatigues with the maze and bustle of its intangible personages. The diction, however, is a model of vigour and purity, and the lyrics interspersed entitle the writer to a highly respectable rank among English poetesses. Along with Dora Wordsworth and Edith Southey, she is one of the three maidens celebrated in Wordsworth's 'Trias,' 1828.
[Memoirs and Letters of Sara Coleridge, edited by her daughter, 1873; Edinburgh Review, vol. cxxxix.]
R. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Coleraine, Lords

​COLERAINE, Lords. [See Hanger and Hare.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Coleridge, Henry Nelson

​COLERIDGE, HENRY NELSON (1798–1843), nephew of Samuel Taylor Coleridge [q. v.], and son of Colonel James Coleridge of Ottery St. Mary, was born on 25 Oct. 1798. He was educated at Eton and at King's College, Cambridge, of which he became a fellow. In 1825 he accompanied his uncle, William Hart Coleridge [q. v.], the bishop of Barbados, to the West Indies, and described his excursion in a bright and lively little book, 'Six Months in the West Indies in 1825,' published anonymously in the following year. In 1826 he was called to the bar, and in 1829 married his cousin Sara [q. v.], daughter of the poet. He was the author, as appears from Southey's correspondence, of 'The Life of Swing, a pamphlet called forth by the rick-burning disturbances of 1830, which went through several editions. In the same year he published an introduction to Homer, the first of a contemplated series on the Greek poets, which was not continued further. He became Coleridge's literary executor on the death of the latter in 1834, and the short remainder of his life was chiefly devoted to the fulfilment of this trust. Coleridge's 'Literary Remains,' 'Aids to Reflection,' and 'Confessions of an Inquiring Spirit' were edited by him. His most signal service, however, was the preservation of Coleridge s 'Table Talk,' which he had taken down from his lips during a series of years, and of which he published in 1835 'such parts as seem fit for present publication.' How much was withheld we do not know. The work is accompanied by an eloquent preface, vindicating Coleridge's conversation from the charge of obscurity, and his literary character from the charge of plagiarism. Henry Nelson Coleridge died on 26 Jan. 1843, after long suffering from a spinal complaint. He was lecturer on equity to the Incorporated Law Society, and contributed several articles to the 'Quarterly Review.' He is described as singularly bright and animated when in health, which the general character of his writings tends to confirm. His son Herbert is separately noticed.
[Gent. Mag. new ser. vol. xx.; Memoirs and Letters of Sara Coleridge.]
R. G.