OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bonnie v. Gladden/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Per Curiam Opinion of the Court
United States Supreme Court
391 U.S. 605
Bonnie v. Gladden
The motion for leave to proceed in forma pauperis and the petition for a writ of certiorari are granted. The judgment is vacated and the case is remanded to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit for further consideration in light of Carafas v. LaVallee, Warden, 391 U.S. 234, 88 S.Ct. 1556, 20 L.Ed.2d 554.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
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# Bonnie wood of Craigie lea/Allan Tine o'Harrow

ALLAN TINE O'HARROW.
# Bryson v. United States

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## Dissenting Opinion

    Douglas
United States Supreme Court
396 U.S. 64
Bryson v. United States
Argued: Oct. 14, 1969. --- Decided: Dec 8, 1969
Richard Gladstein, San Francisco, Cal., for petitioner.
Francis X. Beytagh, Washington, D.C., for respondent.
Mr. Justice HARLAN delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
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# Buchanan v. Alexander

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United States Supreme Court
45 U.S. 20
Buchanan v. Alexander
Mr Justice McLEAN delivered the opinion of the court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
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# Buchalter v. New York ex rel. Weiss

United States Supreme Court
319 U.S. 427
Buchalter v. New York ex rel. Weiss
Argued: May 7-10, 1943. --- Decided: June 1, 1943
Messrs. J. Bertram Wegman and I. Maurice Wormser, both of New York City, for petitioner Buchalter.
Messrs. Arthur Garfield Hays and John Schulman, both of New York City, for petitioner Weiss.
Mr. Sidney Rosenthal, of New York City, for petitioner Capone.
Mr. Solomon A. Klein, of Brooklyn, N.Y., for respondent.
Mr. Justice ROBERTS delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
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# Castes and Tribes of Southern India/Paik

​Paik.——It is noted by Yule and Burnell,†under the heading Pyke or Paik, that "Wilson gives only one original of the term so expressed in Anglo-Indian speech. He writes 'Pāik or Pāyik, corruptly Pyke, Hind., etc. (from S. padātika), Pāik or Pāyak, Mar., a footman, an armed attendant, an inferior police and revenue officer, a messenger, a courier, a village watchman. In Cuttack the Pāiks formerly constituted a local militia, holding land of the Zamindars or Rājas by the tenure of military service.' But it seems clear to us that there are here two terms rolled together: (a) Pers. Paik, a foot-runner or courier; (d) Hind, pāīk and pāyik (also Mahr.) from Skt. padātika, and padika, a foot-soldier."
In the Madras Census Report, 1891, Paiko is defined as "rather an occupational than a caste name. It means a foot-soldier, and is used to denote the retainers of the Uriya Chiefs of Ganjam and Vizagapatam. These men were granted lands on feudal tenure, and belonged to various castes. They are now ordinary agriculturists. Some are employed in the police, and as peons in the various public departments." In the records relating to human sacrifice and infanticide, 1854, the Paiks are ​referred to as matchlock men, by whom the Konds and Gonds are kept in abject servitude. In the Vizagapatam Manual, 1869, various castes are referred to as being " all paiks or fighting men. Formerly they were a very numerous body, but their numbers are much diminished now, that is as fighting men, for the old army used to be paid, some in money, and some in grants of land. Now there are very few paiks kept up as fighting men; those discharged from service have taken to trading with the coast, and to cultivating their pieces of land. The fort at Kōtapād on the Bustar frontier always had a standing garrison of several hundred paiks. They are gradually being disbanded since we have put police there. The men are a fine race, brave, and capital shots with the matchlock." Paiko has been recorded, at times of census, as a synonym or sub-division of Rona. And Paikarāyi occurs as a title of Badhōyis.
# Castes and Tribes of Southern India/Paiki

​Paiki.— A division of Toda.
# Castes and Tribes of Southern India/Pailmān

​Pailmān.— Pailmān or Pailwān has been described * as "an occupational term meaning a wrestler, used by all classes following the occupation, whether they are Hindus or Musalmans. The Hindus among them are usually Gollas or Jettis." In the Telugu country, the Pailmāns wrestle, and perform various mountebank, conjuring, and juggling feats. A wandering troupe of Marātha Pailwāns performed before me various stick-exercises, acrobatic and contortionist feats, and balancing feats on a bamboo pole supported in the kamerband(belly-band) of a veteran member of the troupe. The performance wound up with gymnastics on a lofty pole kept erect by means of ropes tied to casual trees and tentpegs, and surmounted by a pliant bamboo, on which the ​performer swung and balanced himself while playing a drum, or supporting a pile of earthen pots surmounted by a brass vessel on his head. The entertainment took place amid the music of drum and clarionet, and the patter of one of the troupe, the performers playing the drum in the waits between their turns.
# Castes and Tribes of Southern India/Padāl

​Padāl. — A title of headmen of the Bagatas.
# Castes and Tribes of Southern India/Paguththan

​Paguththan.——A title of Sembadavan.
# Castes and Tribes of Southern India/Pagati Vēsham

​Pagati Vēsham.— A class of Telugu beggars, who put on disguises (vēsham) while begging.* At the annual festival at Tirupati in honour of the goddess Gangamma, custom requires the people to appear in a different disguise every morning and evening. These disguises include those of a Bairāgi, serpent, etc.†
* ↑ * Madras Census Report, 1901.
* ↑ † See Manual of the North Arcot district, I, 187.
# Castes and Tribes of Southern India/Paida

​Paida (gold or money). — An exogamous sept of Māla. The equivalent Paidam occurs as an exogamous sept of Dēvānga.
# Castes and Tribes of Southern India/Pagadāla

​Pagadāla (trader in coral). — A sub-division or exogamous sept of Balija and Kavarai. The Pagadāla Balijas of the Vizagapatam district are described as dealing in coral and pearls. Pagada Mūkara (coral nose-ring) has been returned as a sub-division of Kamma.
# Brandenburgh Harvest-Song

This translation of La Motte Fouqué's 1810 poem on the death of Queen Louisa of Prussia, was first published in the "Lays of Many Lands" section of The Forest Sanctuary, and Other Poems (1825).
* "Brandenburgh Harvest-Song", in The Forest Sanctuary, and Other Poems (1825).
# Brandies v. Cochrane (105 U.S. 262)

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United States Supreme Court
105 U.S. 262
Brandies v. Cochrane
MOTION to dismiss an appeal from the Circuit Court of the United States for the Northern District of Illinois.
Mr. Edwin F. Bayley in support of the motion.
Mr. John S. Monk, contra.
MR. CHIEF JUSTICE WAITE delivered the opinion of the court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
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# Brandies v. Cochrane (105 U.S. 262)/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
United States Supreme Court
105 U.S. 262
Brandies v. Cochrane
This is a motion to dismiss because the appeal was not taken within two years after the entry of the decree.
It appears from the record that the decree was entered on the 2d of August, 1879, and on the same day the complainants prayed an appeal, which was allowed upon their giving bond according to law. No bond was ever given under this allowance, and the case was not docketed here at the October Term, 1879. On the first of August, 1881, the circuit judge approved a bond for an appeal from the decree and signed a citation. The bond was on the same day filed with the clerk, and the citation served on the 18th of August. On the 8th of October the Circuit Court entered an order allowing the appeal nunc pro tunc as of August 1. The case was regularly docketed in this court on the 13th of October.
The circuit judge, by taking the security and signing the citation, allowed an appeal. No formal order of allowance was necessary. Sage v. Railroad Company, 96 U.S. 712; Draper v. Davis, 102 id. 370. The appeal was, therefore, taken in time. The order of October 8th was not required to give it effect.
Motion denied.

## Notes

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# Brandies v. Cochrane

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "Brandies v. Cochrane."
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This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* Brandies v. Cochrane (105 U.S. 262)
* Brandies v. Cochrane (112 U.S. 344)
# Brander v. Phillips

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United States Supreme Court
41 U.S. 121
Brander v. Phillips

## Notes

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# Brandon v. Ard

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United States Supreme Court
211 U.S. 11
Brandon v. Ard
Argued: April 29, 1908. --- Decided: October 19, 1908
Messrs. T. A. Pollock and L. W. Keplinger for plaintiffs in error.
[Argument of Counsel from page 12 intentionally omitted]
Messrs. Oscar Foust and Ewing, Gard, & Gard for defendant in error.
[Argument of Counsel from page 13 intentionally omitted]
Mr. Justice Harlan delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

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# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Augustin-Jean Fresnel

From volume 6 of the work.
Physicist; b. at Broglie near Bernay, Normandy, 10 May, 1788; d. at Ville d'Avray, near Paris, 14 July, 1827. His early progress in letters was slow though he showed while still young an aptitude for physical science. In his seventeenth year he entered the Ecole Polytechnique in Paris where he attracted the attention of Legendre. After spending some time at the Ecole des Ponts et Chaussées he was assigned to the engineering corps and served successively in the departments of Vendée, Drôme, and Ille-et-Vilaine. He lost his appointment through politics on the return of Napoleon from Elba. In 1819 he was made a member of the Lighthouse Commission, becoming its secretary in 1824, and was an examiner at the Ecole Polytechnique from 1821 to 1824. Shortly afterward his health, which had never been robust, became so weakened that he was obliged to give up nearly all active work. He was unanimously elected a member of the Académie des Sciences in 1823, and in 1825 was made an associate of the London Royal Society, receiving its Rumford Medal on his death-bed.
Fresnel occupies a prominent place among the French physicists of the nineteenth century. His chosen field of research was optics, and in a series of brilliant memoirs he did much to place the wave theory upon a firm basis. He introduced with conspicuous success the conjecture of Hooke (1672) that the light vibrations are transverse. His first paper was on aberration, but it was never published. In connexion with his study of the theory and phenomena of diffraction and interference he devised his double mirrors and biprism in order to obtain two sources of light independent of apertures or the edges of opaque obstacles. His article on diffraction won the prize of the Académie des Sciences in 1819. He extended the work of Huyghens and others on double refraction and developed the well-known theory which bears his name. With Arago he investigated the phenomena and formulated the laws of the interference of polarized light. He showed how to obtain and detect circularly polarized light by means of his rhomb. An account of his more important contributions to optics may be found in Preston's "Theory of Light" (New York, 1891), or Wood's "Physical Optics" (New York, 1905). Fresnel gave a course of physics for some months at the Athenée in 1819, but otherwise had no academic connexions apart from his position as examiner at the Ecole Polytechnique. Mots of his researches were carried on in the leisure he could obtain from his professional duties. In applied optics mention should be made of his system of lenses developed during his connexion with the lighthouse commission which has revolutionized lighthouse illumination throughout the world. Fresnel was a deeply religious man and remarkable for his keen sense of duty. A three-volume edition of his complete works was published in 1866.
ARAGO, Oeuvres Complètes (Paris, 1854), I, 107-185; VERDET,Oeuvres Complètes d'Aug. Fresnel, introduction in vol. I (Paris, 1866); HELLER, Geschichte der Physik (Stuttgart, 1884), II.
H. M. BROCK
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Auguste Carayon

From volume 3 of the work.
French author and bibliographer, born in Saumur, France, 31 March, 1813; died at Poitiers, 15 May, 1874. He joined the Society of Jesus in 1848, and was at various times librarian and procurator. He edited many historical works between 1864 and 1874, and is considered a leading authority upon the history of his order, especially in New France. His principal works are: Bibliographie historique de la Compagnie de Jesus (Paris, 1864); Documents inédits concernant la Compagnie de Jésus (Poitiers, 1863-1874, 18 vols); Première mission des Jesuites au Canada (Paris, 1864) Bannissement des Jesuites de la Louisiane (1865); Etablissment de la Compagnie de Jésus ê Brest par Louis XIV (Paris, 1865); Les prisons du Marquis de Pombal (1865); Notes historiques sur les parlemente et les Jesuites au XVIIIe siècle (Paris, 1867). Carayon is also the author of several devotional treatises published between 1854 and 1863.
Sommervogel, Bibl. de la c. de J., II, 714-718; Thwaites, Jesuit Relations (Cleveland, 1896-1901), I, 311.
EDWARD P. SPILLANE
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Auguste-Théodore-Paul de Broglie

From volume 2 of the work.
Abbé, professor of apologetics at the Institut Catholique at Paris, and writer on apologetic subjects, b. at Auteuil, 18 May, 1834; d. 11 May, 1895. He was the son of Achille-Victor, Duc de Broglie, and his wife, Albertine de Staël, a Protestant and the daughter of Madame de Staël. After the death of the mother, who died young, he was brought up by the Baroness Auguste de Staël, née Vernet; this aunt, although also a Protestant, exerted herself "to make a large-minded Christian of him in the Church to which she did not belong" (Monseigneur d'Hulst in "Le Correspondant", 25 May, 1895). Entering the Navy young, Broglie was appointed Ensign in 1857 and soon after Lieutenant. While thus occupied he felt himself called to the ecclesiastical state. After taking the preparatory studies he was ordained priest, 18 October, 1870. In his numerous publications the Abbé de Broglie was always a faithful defender of Catholic dogma. At the time of his death, which resulted from the violence of an insane person, he was preparing a book on the agreement of reason and faith. His most important work is "L'histoire des religions". Of his other writings, some of which were pamphlets and some articles in reviews, the following may be mentioned: "Le positivisme et la science expérimentale"; "Religion de Zoroastre et religion védique"; "Le bouddhisme"; "Religions neo-brahmaniques de l'Inde"; "L'islamisme"; "La vraie définition de la religion"; "La transcendence du christianisme"; L'histoire religieuse d'Israël"; "Les prophètes et les prophéties, d'après les travaux de Kuenen'; "L'idée de Dieu dans l'Ancien et le Nouveau Testament"; "Le présent et l'avenir du catholicisme en France". Two posthumous publications, "Questions bibliques" and "Religion et critique" were edited by the Abbé Piat.
PIAT, L'apologetique de l'abbe de Broglie (Paris, 1896).
Clodius Piat.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Auguste Nélaton

From volume 10 of the work.
Famous French surgeon; born in Paris, 17 June, 1807, d. there 21 Sept., 1873. He made his medical studies in Paris, graduating in 1836 with a thesis on tuberculous affections of bones. All his subsequent university career was passed at Paris. After the publication of his "Traité des tumeurs de la mamelle" he became agrégé in 1839. In 1851 he became professor of clinical surgery with a thesis which attracted wide attention and was translated into German the following year. As a member of the surgical staff of the St. Louis Hospital, he devised a number of original surgical procedures and operations, was the first to suggest the ligature of both ends of arteries in primary and secondary hemorrhage, and developed several phases of plastic surgery. The Nélaton probe with the porcelain knob, which he invented, was successfully used by him in Garibaldi's case, in 1862, to locate a bullet in the ankle joint. Some of his suggestions with regard to operations were important advances in abdominal and pelvic surgery. He was, lastly, noted as a great teacher of surgery and a consummate operator.
Pagel, the German historian of medicine, in his "Biographical Dictionary of Prominent Physicians of the Nineteenth Century", says of Nélaton: "He was a man of very clear judgment, of ripe experience, of solid wisdom, and deservedly occupies a place as one of the greatest of French surgeons of the nineteenth century." In 1863 he was elected a member of the Paris Academy of Medicine and in 1867 of the French Institute of Science, and became Senator of the French Empire in 1868. His fame as a writer on surgery rests upon his "Elements of Surgical Pathology" (5 vols., Paris, 1854-60). The last volume was completed with the collaboration of A. Jamain. In 1867 Nélaton had an important share in preparing the "Report on The Progress of Surgery in France".
GUYON in Bulletins et Mémoires de la Soc. de Chir. (1876); BÉCLARD in Mémoires de l'Académie de Méd., XXXII; GURLT, Biogr. Lex. der hervorrag. Aerzt.
J.J. WALSH
# Bruner v. United States

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United States Supreme Court
343 U.S. 112
Bruner v. United States
Argued: Jan. 30, 1952. --- Decided: March 24, 1952
Mr. Denmark Groover, Jr., Macon, Ga., for petitioner.
Mr. James R. Browning, Sp. Asst. to the Atty. Gen., for respondent.
Mr. Chief Justice VINSON delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
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# Brunei China Communique Establishing Diplomatic Relations

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The Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of His Majesty the Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan of Brunei Darussalam, in conformity with the interests and desire of the two peoples, have decided to establish diplomatic relations between the two countries at the ambassadorial level as of the date of signing of this Joint Communiqué.
The two Governments have agreed to develop the friendly relations and cooperation between the two countries on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful coexistence and the principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations.
Prince Mohamed Bolkiah(Signed) Brunei Darussalam
Qian Qichen(Signed)
Minister of Foreign Affairs Minister of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China of
New York, 30th September 1991
This work is in the public domain in the U.S. because it is an edict of a government, local or foreign. See § 313.6(C)(2) of the Compendium II: Copyright Office Practices. Such documents include "legislative enactments, judicial decisions, administrative rulings, public ordinances, or similar types of official legal materials" as well as "any translation prepared by a government employee acting within the course of his or her official duties."
These do not include works of the Organization of American States, United Nations, or any of the UN specialized agencies. See Compendium III § 313.6(C)(2) and 17 U.S.C. 104(b)(5).
A non-American governmental edict may still be copyrighted outside the U.S. Similar to {{PD-in-USGov}}, the above U.S. Copyright Office Practice does not prevent U.S. states or localities from holding copyright abroad, depending on foreign copyright laws and regulations.
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# Buttfield v. United States

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United States Supreme Court
192 U.S. 499
Buttfield v. United States
Argued: January 4, 1904. --- Decided: February 23, 1904
Messrs. James L. Bishop and James H. Simpson for plaintiff in error.
Mr. Edward B. Whitney and Solicitor General Hoyt for defendant in error.
Mr. Justice White delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
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# Buttfield v. Bidwell/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
United States Supreme Court
192 U.S. 498
Buttfield v. Bidwell
Argued: January 4, 1904. --- Decided: February 23, 1904
This action was brought by Buttfield to recover damages sustained by being prevented from importing into the United States a large number of packages of Country green teas, being four shipments from China. These teas, on re-examination by the board of general appraisers, were found to be inferior in quality to the standard prescribed by law; and Bidwell, as collector for the port of New York, so notified Buttfield. Thereupon the teas were withdrawn from the bonded warehouse, and exported. Judgment was entered for Bidwell upon a directed verdict in his favor. The right to reversal of that judgment is predicated solely upon the asserted unconstitutionality of the tea inspection act of March 2, 1897 [29 Stat. at L. 604, chap. 358, U.S.C.omp. Stat. 1901, p. 3,194]. It will not be necessary to determine whether, even supposing the statute to be unconstitutional, a cause of action is stated in any of the four counts of the complaint below. The statute having been held to be valid in the opinion just announced in Buttfield v. Stranahan, 192 U.S. 470, ante, 349, 24 Sup. Ct. Rep. 349, the judgment must be and is hereby affirmed.
Mr. Justice Brewer and Mr. Justice Brown took no part in the decision of this case.

## Notes

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# Buttfield v. Bidwell

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
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United States Supreme Court
192 U.S. 498
Buttfield v. Bidwell
Argued: January 4, 1904. --- Decided: February 23, 1904
Messrs. James L. Bishop and James H. Simpson for plaintiff in error.
Mr. Edward B. Whitney and Solicitor General Hoyt for defendant in error.
Mr. Justice White delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse