OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Otterbein, Philip William

Edition of 1900.
​OTTERBEIN, Philip William, clergyman, b. in Dillenburg, Germany, 4 June, 1726; d. in Baltimore, Md., 17 Nov., 1813. He was ordained as a minister of the German Reformed church at Herborn, Germany, in 1749, and was one of the clergymen that were brought over in 1752 by Michael Schlatter under the auspices of the synod of North and South Holland to preach to the Germans of Pennsylvania. He was first settled at Lancaster, Pa. Otterbein was possessed of an ardent missionary spirit, and was a powerful orator. He made extensive tours, associated himself with revivalists of other churches, and adopted prayer-meetings, class-meetings, and open-air meetings in groves. He also encouraged eloquent laymen to pray and exhort, some of whom became regular preachers of various denominations. These new measures, borrowed in part from the practices of the Methodists, aroused opposition among the conservative members of his own and other churches. He left Lancaster for Tulpehocken in 1758, in 1760 went to Frederick, Md., and in 1765 was settled at York. Pa. In all his pastorates his novel methods excited antagonism. He was in Europe in 1770-'1, and after his return preached again at York until 1774, when he removed to Baltimore. His numerous disciples desired to form a new religious society, while he wished them to continue their church connections and labor for a revival of religion in the existing religious bodies. They could not induce him to sever his relations with the Reformed church, though a few weeks before his death he ordained a preacher for the new sect, which assumed the name of United Brethren of Christ.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Ouasakeurat

Edition of 1900. Supplement.
OUASAKEURAT, Iroquois chief, b. on his father's farm, near Oka, Canada, 4 Sept., 1845; d. in Caughnawaga, Quebec, 8 Feb., 1881. He was sent to Montreal college when fourteen years old to be educated for the priesthood, and he remained there four years. Later he was converted to Protestantism and became an evangelical preacher. He was tried, but not convicted, on the charge of burning the Catholic church at Oka in June, 1877. The chief translated with skill a volume of hymns into the Mohawk language (Montreal, 1880), and also the gospels from the authorized English version (1880).
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Ottigny, Charles d'

Edition of 1900.
​OTTIGNY, Charles d', French soldier, b. in Cholet in 1524; d. in Florida in September, 1565. Entering the army in 1542, he served with credit in Italy, but later he became a Protestant and left the royal service. In 1562 he accompanied Jean Ribaut in his first voyage to Florida, and in 1564 he became lieutenant of Gov. Laudonnière, who had been commissioned by Admiral Coligny to found a French colony in Florida. They landed on 25 June, 1564, off the mouth of the river May, and, after an exploration in the interior by Ottigny, they began to build Fort Caroline. Ottigny afterward sailed up the river May (now St. John's river), for more than 100 miles, and opened intercourse with Outina, a chief, whom later he aided in a raid on the villages of Potanou. During the ensuing mutinies he several times saved Laudonnière's life. When the latter was removed by Jean Ribaut in August, 1565, Ottigny retained his office of deputy commander, and after the capture of Ribaut he refused to surrender to Pedro Menendez, but, taking refuge in the hills with a few followers, for several days waged a bloody war against the Spaniards. He was captured at last and slain, it is said, by Menendez. Laudonnière in his narrative acknowledges his indebtedness to Ottigny, whose fate was regretted by the French Protestants.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Ouray

Edition of 1900.
OURAY, Indian chief, b. in Colorado in 1820; d. in Los Pinos agency, Col., 27 Aug., 1880. He was the chief of the Uncompahgre Utes, whose specific title is probably a corruption of the Spanish “un compadre.” Ouray was known as the “White man's friend,” and his services were almost indispensable to the government in negotiating with his tribe, who kept in good faith all treaties that were made by him. He protected their interests as far as possible, and set them the example of living in a measure a civilized life. He spoke Spanish and wrote in that language in his correspondence with the president and the Indian department. He visited Washington several times to represent the grievances of his people, and his appeals in their behalf were touching and dignified. He ​was a famous warrior during his youth, but loved peace in his old age, and at the time of the murder of Nathan C. Meeker, 29 Sept., 1879, restrained the Indians from beginning hostilities. His last visit to Washington was to effect the sale of the Ute reservation in Colorado. At the time of his death he resided in a comfortable house on a farm which he owned and cultivated, and he took much pleasure and pride in driving a carriage that had been given him by the governor of Colorado. His only son was captured by the Sioux in the boy's youth, and Ouray made many appeals to the “great father in Washington” to assist in his recovery.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Page, Emily Rebecca

Edition of 1900.
​PAGE, Emily Rebecca, poet, b. in Bradford, Vt., 5 May, 1834; d. in Chelsea, Mass., 14 Feb., 1862. She was educated in the academies at Bradford and St. Johnsbury, Vt., and began in 1846 to contribute poems to the Portland “Transcript.” Later she wrote both prose and poetry for the “Carpet-Bag,” the “Ladies' Repository,” and an annual called the “Rose-Bud” (Boston, 1854-'5). She was for several years a constant contributor to the publications of Maturin M. Ballou (q. v.) and an assistant in the editorial work. "The Old Canoe" and others of her poems were, on their appearance, attributed to various distinguished authors. That and “Haunted” are printed in “Poets and Poetry of Vermont” (Boston, 1860). “The Old Bridge,” “Mabel,” “My Angels,” and “Watching” are also well known. “Lily of the Valley” was issued in book-form (Boston, 1859).
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Otto, John Conrad

Edition of 1900.
​OTTO, John Conrad, physician, b. near Woodbridge, N. J., 15 March, 1774; d. in Philadelphia, 26 June, 1844. His great-grandfather, grandfather, and father were physicians. His grandfather came to this country from Germany in 1752, settled in Philadelphia, where he engaged in the practice of medicine, and during the winter of 1778 had charge of the hospital of the Continental army at Valley Forge. His father, Dr. Bodo Otto, was warmly attached to the patriot cause, sat in the senate of New Jersey, and served during the war as an officer in the Revolutionary army. The son was graduated at Princeton in 1792, and in medicine at the University of Pennsylvania in 1796. In 1798 he was elected one of the physicians of the Philadelphia dispensary, and in 1813, on the death of Dr. Benjamin Rush, he was chosen to succeed the latter as one of the physicians and clinical lecturer of the Pennsylvania hospital, which post he held twenty-one years, and in connection with which he became extensively known throughout the United States. He was physician to the Orphan asylum for twenty years, and during many years to the Magdalen asylum. In the cholera epidemic of 1833 he was one of the twelve physicians that were chosen by the public authorities of Philadelphia to adopt sanitary measures and establish and conduct hospitals in the city, and at the organization of the sanitary board he was chosen its president. He was a fellow of the College of physicians, in which he held the office of censor, and from 1840 until his death that of vice-president, and was for many years a member of the American philosophical society. He published “An Account of an Hemorrhagic Disposition in certain Families” in the “New York Medical Repository” (1803), and another paper on the same subject in “Coxe's Medical Museum” (1805). It is said that these papers are the first that appeared on this subject. He was also the author of other medical papers. — His son, William Tod, lawyer, b. in Philadelphia, 19 Jan., 1817, was graduated at the University of Pennsylvania in 1833, read law with Joseph R. Ingersoll, and removed to Indiana, where he was admitted to the bar. He followed his profession until 1844, and then held the office of judge of the district court of Indiana for six years, also serving for several years as professor of law in the University of Indiana, from which institution he received the degree of LL. D. In 1863 he was appointed assistant secretary of the interior of the United States, and he held the office until 1871, when he was appointed arbitrator on the part of the United States under the convention with Spain for settlement of claims of citizens of this country. In 1875-'82 he was reporter of the United States supreme court, in which capacity he published sixteen volumes.
# Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book IV/Hymn 26

26. Praise and prayer to heaven and earth.
[Mṛgāra.—(see h. 23). 1. puro ’ṣṭir jagatī; 7. çākvaragarbhātimadhyejyotis.]
Found in Pāipp. iv. (in a somewhat different verse-order*), after our hymn 27. The other texts (see under hymn 23) have but one verse that represents the hymn, made up of parts of our vss. 1 and 7. As to the use of the mṛgāra hymns by Kāuç., see under h. 23. In Vait. (15. 13), this hymn (or vs. 1) accompanies the offering to the udumbara twig in the agniṣṭoma. *⌊Order, 1, 2, 4, 6, 3, 5, 7.⌋
Translated: Griffith, i. 167; Weber, xviii. 106.
1. I reverence you, O heaven-and-earth, ye well-nourishing ones (subhójas), who, like-minded (sácetas) did spread out unmeasured intervals (yójana); since ye became foundations (pratiṣṭhā́) of good things, do ye free us from distress.
2. Since ye became foundations of good things, ye much increased, divine, fortunate, wide-extended ones, O heaven-and-earth, be pleasant to me: do ye free us from distress.
Ppp. has in a babhūvathus (for ábhavatam). The comm., with a couple of SPP's mss., reads praviddhe (= sūtravat sarvajagadanupraviddhe) in b. As noted under vs. 1, SV. has (omitting me in c) the second half-verse, here carried on as refrain through vss. 3-6. ⌊In c, scan -pṛthvī...sioné.⌋
3. I call upon the not-distressing, of excellent penance, wide, profound, to be reverenced by poets: O heaven- etc. etc.
Possibly an antithesis is intended between the first two (doubtfully translated) epithets, both founded on tap 'heat.' Ppp. has the better reading vām for aham at end of a.
4. Ye who bear the immortal (amṛ́ta), who the oblations; who bear the streams (srotyā́), who human beings (manuṣyà): O heaven- etc. etc.
Ppp. puts b before a.
5. Ye who bear the ruddy [kine], who the forest-trees; ye within whom [are] all beings: O heaven- etc. etc.
One or two of our mss. (H.I.), as the majority of SPP's, make at the beginning the false combination yá usr-. The comm. declares usriya a gonāman.
6. Ye who gratify with sweet drink (kīlā́la), who with ghee; without whom [men] can [do] nothing whatever: O heaven- etc. etc.
All the pada-mss. make in b the absurd division çaknu॰vánti, as if the word were a neut. pl. from the stem çaknuvánt. Ppp. has in a kīlālāis. The comm. interprets kīlāla simply as anna.
7. This that scorches (abhi-çuc) me, or by whomsoever done, from what is human, not divine—I praise heaven-and-earth, [as] a suppliant I call loudly on [them]: do ye free us from distress.
The verse looks as if broken off in the middle, to allow addition of the regular close. Ppp. has at end of b the more manageable reading pāuruṣeyaṁ na dāivyam. TS.MS. have the second half-verse added to our 1 b, c; but they have also our 7 a, b (in the form yád idám mā ’bhiçócati pāúruṣeyeṇa dāívyena) as first half of a similar verse to "all the gods." The comm. understands pāpāt as to be supplied in b, and takes na as the particle of comparison.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Smith, Charles

Edition of 1900.
​SMITH, Charles, bookseller, b. in New York city in 1768; d. there in 1808. He was a bookseller in New York city, translated plays for the stage from the German of Kotzebue and Schiller, and edited the “Monthly Military Repository” in 1796-'7, the Revolutionary descriptions in which were said to have been supplied by Baron Steuben and Gen. Horatio Gates. He also published a “Political Pocket Almanac” (New York, 1797).
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Smith, John (New York senator)

Edition of 1900.
​SMITH, John, senator, b. in Mastic, near Brookhaven, N.Y., 12 Feb. 1752; d. there, 12 Aug., 1816. He was carefully educated, served in the legislature in 1784-'99, and was in congress from the latter year till 1804, when he took his seat in the U.S. senate in place of De Witt Clinton, who had resigned, holding office till 1813. He had been chosen as a Democrat. After the close of his term he became U.S. marshal for the district of New York, and he was also a major-general of militia for many years.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Smith, Charles Adam

Edition of 1900.
​SMITH, Charles Adam, clergyman, b. in New York city, 25 June, 1809; d. in Philadelphia, Pa., 15 Feb., 1879. His parents were German. Charles was educated at Hartwick seminary, ordained to the ministry of the Lutheran church in 1830, and was pastor successively in Palatine, N. Y., and in Baltimore, Md., where he was also an editor of the “Lutheran Observer.” He was called to the Würtemberg church in Rhinebeck, N. Y., in 1842, and remained there till 1852, when he became pastor in Easton, Pa. He afterward had charge of a Presbyterian church in Philadelphia, and then of a parish in East Orange, N. J., after which he devoted himself to literary pursuits. He originated and published in 1850 a monthly home journal entitled “The Evangelical Magazine,” which, after adopting several names, is now published as the “Lutheran and Missionary.” He translated many works from the German, including “Krummacher's Parables” (New York, 1833); and is the author of “The Catechumen's Guide” (Albany, 1837); “Popular Exposition of the Gospels,” with Rev. John G. Morris (Baltimore, 1840); “Illustrations of Faith” (Albany, 1850): “Men of the Olden Time” (Philadelphia, 1858); “Before the Flood and After” (1868); “Among the Lilies” (1872); “Inlets and Outlets” (1872); and “Stoneridge,” a series of pastoral sketches (1877).
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Smith, Charles Emory

Edition of 1900.
​SMITH, Charles Emory, journalist, b. in Mansfield, Conn., 18 Feb., 1842. He was graduated at Union college in 1861, became editor of the Albany “Express” in 1865, and of the “Albany Journal” in 1870, and after 1880 conducted the Philadelphia “Press” until 1898, when he entered McKinley's cabinet. He was president of the New York state press association in 1874, and delivered the annual address at its meeting. Mr. Smith was a regent of the University of the state of New York, and a delegate to the National Republican conventions in 1876 and in 1888. President Harrison appointed him ambassador to Russia.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Smith, John (Ohio senator)

Edition of 1900. born in Virginia
​SMITH, John, senator, b. in Hamilton county, Ohio, in 1735; d. there, 10 June, 1816. He had few early advantages, but by persistent effort acquired a respectable education, and, possessing much natural ability, was one of the most conspicuous of the early politicians in Ohio. He was also a popular Baptist preacher, and in 1790 organized at Columbia the first church of that denomination in the state. He was a member of the first territorial legislature in 1798, and in 1803-'08 was a U.S. senator from Ohio, having been chosen as a Jeffersonian Democrat. During the early part of his service he enjoyed the close friendship of President Jefferson, who in 1804 sent him on a confidential mission to Louisiana and Florida to discover the attitude toward the United States of the Spanish officers that were stationed in these states, that he might learn how far their friendship was to be depended on in the event of a war between this country and France. Smith's intimacy with Jefferson was interrupted by the charge of his implication in the Aaron Burr treason. Smith and Burr were personal friends, and appearances were so much against him that a motion was made in the U.S. senate to expel him; but it failed by one vote. Smith denied all connection with the affair, and was believed to be innocent by his constituents. See “Notes on the Northwest Territory,” by Jacob Burnet (New York, 1847).
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Smith, Lucius Edwin

Edition of 1900.
​SMITH, Lucius Edwin, educator, b. in Williamstown, Mass., 29 Jan., 1822. He was graduated at Williams college in 1843, studied law in Williamstown, and was admitted to the bar in 1845. He served during 1847-'8 as associate editor of the Hartford “Courant,” and in 1849 as associate editor, with Henry Wilson, of the “Boston Republican.” From 1849 till 1854 he was assistant corresponding secretary of the American Baptist missionary union, Boston. The next three years he spent in Newton theological seminary, where he was graduated in 1857, and became in 1858 pastor of the Baptist church in Groton, Mass., whence he was called in 1865 to the professorship of rhetoric, homiletics, and pastoral theology in Bucknell university, at Lewisburg, Pa. From 1868 till 1875 he was literary editor of the New York “Examiner.” In 1877 he became editor of the “Watchman,” Boston, of which journal since 1881 he has remained associate editor. While he was professor at Bucknell university he edited the “Baptist Quarterly.” He received from Williams the degree of D. D. in 1869. Besides contributing numerous articles to periodicals, Prof. Smith has edited “Heroes and Martyrs of the Modern Missionary Enterprise” (Hartford, Conn., 1852).
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Smith, Caleb Blood

Edition of 1900.
​SMITH, Caleb Blood, secretary of the interior, b. in Boston, Mass., 16 April, 1808; d. in Indianapolis, Ind., 7 Jan., 1864. He emigrated with his parents to Ohio in 1814, was educated at Cincinnati and Miami colleges, studied law in Cincinnati and in Connersville, Ind., and was admitted to the bar in 1828. He began practice at the latter place, established and edited the “Sentinel” in 1832, served several terms in the Indiana legislature, and was in congress in 1843-'9, having been elected as a Whig. During his congressional career he was one of the Mexican claims commissioners. He returned to the practice of law in 1850, residing in Cincinnati and subsequently in Indianapolis. He was influential in securing the nomination of Abraham Lincoln for the presidency at the Chicago Republican convention in 1860, and was appointed by him secretary of the interior in 1861, which post he resigned in December, 1862, to become U. S. circuit judge for Indiana.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Smith, Charles Henry (humorist)

Edition of 1900.
​SMITH, Charles Henry, humorist, b. in Lawrenceville, Ga., 15 June, 1826. He was graduated at Franklin college, Athens, Ga., and in 1848 became a lawyer in Rome, Ga. He served in the Confederate army, and after the war settled as a planter near Cartersville, Ga., was state senator in 1866, and mayor of Rome, Ga., in 1868-'9. He began his literary career in 1861 in a series of newspaper letters under the signature of “Bill Arp.” They enjoyed a wide popularity, and are remarkable for homely humor and shrewd philosophy. A southern writer says of his widely read and quoted letter to Artemus Ward in July, 1865, that “it was the first chirp of any bird after the surrender, and gave relief and hope to thousands of drooping hearts.” He is also a successful lecturer. His publications include “Bill Arp's Letters” (New York, 1868); “Bill Arp's Scrap-Book” (Atlanta, 1886); and many humorous and philosophical sketches that he has contributed to the press.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Smith, William Henry

Edition of 1900.
​SMITH, William Henry, journalist, b. in Austerlitz, N.Y., 1 Dec., 1833; d. in Lake Forest, Ill., 27 July, 1896. In 1836 his parents emigrated to Ohio, where he received an English education. He was tutor in a western college, and then assistant editor of a weekly paper in Cincinnati, of which, at the age of twenty-two, he became editor, doing also editorial work on the “Literary Review.” At the opening of the civil war he was on the editorial staff of the Cincinnati “Gazette,” and during the war he took an active part in raising troops and forwarding sanitary supplies, and in political work for strengthening the government. He was largely instrumental in bringing Gov. John Brough to the front as a candidate of the united Republicans and War Democrats; and at Brough's election, in 1863, he became the latter's private secretary. The next year he was elected secretary of state of Ohio, and he was re-elected in 1866. He retired from public office to establish the “Evening Chronicle” at Cincinnati, but, his health giving way, he was forced to withdraw from all active work. In 1870 he took charge of the affairs of the Western associated press, with headquarters at Chicago. In 1877 he was appointed by President Hayes collector of the port at that city, and was instrumental in bringing about important reforms in customs methods in harmony with the civil-service policy of the administration. In January, 1883, he effected the union of the New York associated press with the Western associated press, and became general manager of the consolidated association. Mr. Smith was a student of historical subjects. He was author of the “St. Clair Papers” (2 vols., Cincinnati, 1882), a biography of Charles Hammond, and many contributions to American periodicals. He was also the author of a “Political History of the United States.” By his investigations in the British museum he brought to light many unpublished letters of Washington to Col. Henry Bouquet and, had shown that those that were published by Jared Sparks were not given correctly.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Adams, John Folsom

Edition of 1900.
​ADAMS, John Folsom, clergyman, b. in Stratham, N. H., 28 May, 1790; d. in Greenland, N. H., 11 June, 1881. lie began to preach in 1812, and joined the New England Methodist conference. He served as a circuit rider in the backwoods of Maine, and so distinguished himself by zeal and ability that he was repeatedly assigned as presiding elder to important stations at Boston and Lynn, and the larger towns of eastern New England. In the anti-slavery agitation he took a prominent part in favor of emancipation, and he was four times chosen as a delegate to the general conference.