OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Orton, Edward

Edition of 1900.
​ORTON, Edward, geologist, b. in Deposit, N. Y., 9 March, 1829; d. in Columbus, Ohio. 16 Oct., 1899. He was graduated at Hamilton, at Lane and Andover theological seminaries, and at the Lawrence scientific school of Harvard. In 1856-'9 he was professor of natural science in the New York state normal school at Albany. He was called to the chair of natural history in Antioch college in 1865, and became its president in 1872. A year later he accepted the presidency of the Ohio state university, which he held until his resignation in 1881. Since that time he had filled the chair of geology in that institution. Prof. Orton was assistant state geologist of Ohio in 1869-'75. and since 1881 had entire charge of the survey. The degree of Ph. D. was conferred on him by Hamilton in 1876, and in 1881 that of LL. D, by Ohio state university. He was a member of scientific societies, and was president of the State sanitary association of Ohio in 1884-'5. Besides various addresses, scientific papers, and contributions, he is the author of the article on Ohio in the "Encyclopaedia Britannica."
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Oscanyan, Hatchik

Edition of 1900.
​OSCANYAN, Hatchik, author, b. in Constantinople, Turkey, 23 April, 1818. His parents, who were Armenians, christened him Hatchik, which in after-years he changed to Christopher. He learned from private tutors the Armenian, Turkish, and modern Greek languages; to these he soon added Italian and French, and, having heard English spoken, he conceived a desire to acquire it also. To this end he made the acquaintance of the American missionaries that had then lately arrived in Turkey. One of these, Rev. Harrison G. O. Dwight, took an interest in him, and after the death of Oscanyan's mother enabled him to come to this country to obtain a liberal education. He arrived in New York in 1835 and was at once matriculated at the university in that city. Failing health compelled him to leave college in his junior year, and he joined the staff of civil engineers engaged in the construction of the Charleston and Cincinnati railroad. Returning to Constantinople in 1841, he established the first newspaper that was published there in Armenian, the “Astarar Püzantian” (“Byzantine Advertiser”). But the authorities would not tolerate the expression of liberal opinions, and he was soon compelled to abandon the undertaking. In 1843 he became the private secretary of Fethi Pasha, son-in-law of the sultan, and minister of ordnance. While he was thus engaged he was appointed special agent to purchase the trousseau of Adilé Sultana, who was about to be married to Mehmed Aali Pasha, and in this capacity he frequently visited the palace. After the ceremony he acted as correspondent for several American and European newspapers. In 1849 he wrote a satirical romance in Armeno-Turkish, or Turkish written in the Armenian character, entitled “Acaby.” This was followed in 1851 by “Veronica,” another work of fiction, and by “Bedig,” a book for children. The same year he published an Armenian translation of “the Mysteries of Paris.” In 1853, with the assistance of others, he opened an Oriental museum in London, but the enterprise was not successful and he returned to New York. Here he wrote and published “The Sultan and His People” (New York, 1857), 16,000 copies of which were sold in four months. In 1868 Mr. Oscanyan was made Turkish consul-general in New York city, and he held the office until 1874. Having occasion to visit Constantinople in 1872, he was assigned by the porte as the representative of the sultan in entertaining Gen. William T. Sherman during his visit to Turkey. On resigning his consulship he ​again busied himself in literary pursuits in New York city, in which he is still (1888) engaged. He has lately written another work on his native land and the libretto of a comic opera.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Stanton, Daniel

Edition of 1900.
​STANTON, Daniel, Quaker preacher, b. in Philadelphia, Pa., in 1708; d. there, 28 June, 1770. He began to preach in 1728, travelled in New England and the West Indies, went to Europe in 1748, and visited the southern colonies in 1760, preaching zealously against slavery as well as worldliness and the vices of society. See “Journal of his Life, Travels, and Gospel Labors” (Philadelphia, 1772).
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Stanton, Henry

Edition of 1900.
​STANTON, Henry, soldier, b. in Vermont about 1796; d. in Fort Hamilton, N. Y., 1 Aug., 1856. He was appointed a lieutenant in the light artillery, 29 June, 1813, assistant deputy quartermaster-general in July, 1813, military secretary to Gen. George Izard in 1814, deputy quartermaster-general, with the rank of major, 13 May, 1820, acting adjutant-general under Gen. Thomas S. Jesup in Florida in 1836-'7, assistant quartermaster-general, with the rank of colonel, 7 July, 1838, and was brevetted brigadier-general for meritorious conduct in the Mexican war, 1 Jan., 1847.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Stanford, Leland

Edition of 1900.
​STANFORD, Leland, senator, b. in Watervliet, Albany co., N. Y., 9 March, 1824; d. in Palo Alto, Cal., 21 June. 1893. His ancestors settled in the valley of the Mohawk, N. Y., about 1720. When twenty years old he began the study of law. He was admitted to the bar in 1849, and the same year began to practise at Port Washington, Wis. In 1852, having lost his law library and other property by fire, he removed to California and began mining for gold at Michigan bluff, Placer co., subsequently becoming associated in business with his three brothers, who had preceded him to the Pacific coast. In 1856 he removed to San Francisco and engaged in mercantile pursuits on a large scale, laying the foundation of a fortune that had recently been estimated at more than $50,000,000. In 1860 Mr. Stanford made his entrance into public life as a delegate to the Chicago convention that nominated Abraham Lincoln to the presidency. He was an earnest advocate of a Pacific railroad, and was elected president of the Central Pacific company when it was organized in 1861. The same year he was elected governor of California, and served from December, 1861, till December, 1863. As president of the Pacific road he superintended its construction over the mountains, building 530 miles in 293 days, and on 10 May, 1869, drove the last spike at Promontory point, Utah. He also became interested in other roads on the Pacific slope, and in the development of the agriculture and manufactures of California. In 1885 he was elected to the U. S. senate for the full term of six years from 4 March, 1886. In memory of his only son, Mr. Stanford gave the state of California $20,000,000 to be used in founding at Palo Alto a university whose curriculum shall not only include the usual collegiate studies, but comprise instruction in telegraphy, type-setting, type-writing, journalism, book-keeping, farming, civil engineering, and other practical branches of education. The corner-stone was laid on 14 May, 1887, and the various structures were completed within three years, and the institution in successful operation. Ex-President Harrison delivered a course of law lectures there in 1894. Included in the trust fund for the maintenance of the university is Mr. Stanford's estate at Vina, Tehama co., Cal., which is said to be the largest vineyard in the world. It comprises 30,000 acres, 3,500 of which are planted with bearing vines. Mr. Stanford died suddenly at Menlo Park, his magnificent residence.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Stansel, Valentine

Edition of 1900.
​STANSEL (styled by Spanish and Portuguese writers STANCEL, ESTANSEL, and ESTANCEL), Valentine, German astronomer, b. in Moravia in 1621; d. in Bahia, Brazil, 18 Dec., 1705. He became a Jesuit in 1637, and taught rhetoric and mathematics in the colleges of Olmutz and Prague. He was in Brazil in 1664, and took observations of the comets that appeared in that and the following year. He was appointed professor of theology in the Jesuit college of San Salvador, and continued to make astronomical observations, the results of which he sent to Europe. There is a full list of his works in Backer's “Bibliothèque des écrivains de la Compagnie de Jesus” (5th series), in which it is also shown that the dates of his death given in the “Biographie universelle” and other biographical dictionaries are incorrect. His principal writings are “Orbis Alfonsinus” (Evora, 1658); “Legatus uranicus ex orbe novo in veterem; hoc est. Observationes Americanæ cometarum factæ conscriptæ ac in Europam missæ” (Prague, 1683); “Uranophilus cœlestis peregrinus, sive mentis Uranicæ per mundum sidereum peregrinantis ecstases” (Antwerp and Ghent, 1685); and “Mercurius Brasilicus, sive Cœli et soli brasiliensis œconomica.”
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Stanley, Anthony Dumond

Edition of 1900.
​STANLEY, Anthony Dumond, mathematician, b. in East Hartford, Conn., 2 April, 1810; d. there, 16 March, 1853. He was graduated at Yale in 1830, was appointed tutor in 1832, and professor of mathematics in the same institution in 1836, which office he held until his death. He published an “Elementary Treatise of Spherical Geometry and Trigonometry” (New Haven, 1848), and “Tables of Logarithms of Numbers, and of Logarithmic Sines, Tangents, and Secants to Seven Places of Decimals, together with Other Tables” (1849). He also edited an edition of “Day's Algebra,” assisted in the revision of “Webster's Quarto Dictionary” (1847), and left several unfinished works in manuscript.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Stone, Amasa

Edition of 1900.
​STONE, Amasa, philanthropist, b. in Charlton, Mass., 27 April, 1818; d. in Cleveland, Ohio, 11 May, 1883. He began life as an architect, at twenty-one was engaged in the construction of railroad bridges, and while still young became the first bridge-builder in the country. In partnership with two friends he constructed the Cleveland, Columbus, and Cincinnati railroad, and afterward the Cleveland and Erie, of which roads he was made superintendent. He was next engaged in building the Chicago and Milwaukee road. He was the president and director of numerous railroads and other industrial and financial corporations, was frequently consulted by President Lincoln in regard to matters of army transportation, and was offered by him an appointment as brigadier-general. He spent a year in Europe in 1868-'9. Mr. Stone gave large sums in charity to the city of Cleveland. He built and endowed the Home for aged women and the Industrial school for children, and gave $600,000 to Adelbert college of Western Reserve university.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Storey, Wilbur Fisk

Edition of 1900.
​STOREY, Wilbur Fisk, journalist, b. in Salisbury, Vt., 19 Dec., 1819; d. in Chicago, Ill., 29 Oct., 1884. He received a common-school education, learned the printing trade at twelve years of age, and supplemented his training by wide miscellaneous reading. He worked steadily in the office of the Middlebury “True Press” until he was seventeen years old, when he went to New York and set type on the “Journal of Commerce.” Two ​years later he went to La Porte, Ind., and had there his first experience in publishing a newspaper, which was unsuccessful. He kept a drug-store for some time, and edited a country weekly, and, growing tired of Indiana, went to Jackson, Mich., and studied law for two years. He next established the “Patriot” in that town, of which he was appointed postmaster under Polk's administration, whereupon he sold the paper. Having been removed by Taylor in 1849, he set up another drug-store, was chosen the year following a member of the State constitutional convention, and subsequently appointed state-prison inspector. In 1853 he removed to Detroit, bought an interest in the “Free Press,” and ere long rose to be its editor and sole owner. He went to Chicago in 1861 and purchased the “Times,” which then had a very small circulation. His energy, enterprise, and fearless expression of his views on every subject gave the paper notoriety. No man in the northwest has done so much as he both to benefit and injure journalism. Without faith in any one, as a consequence no one placed faith in him. He was independent in an extreme and unwholesome sense, boasting that he had no friends and wanted none, and apparently doing his utmost to create enemies. His whole mind was bent on giving the news, his idea of what constitutes news being frequently morbid and indecorous. He was daring to a degree of recklessness and repellent cynicism, but his course yielded him a large fortune. About 1877 his health began to fail, and he went abroad. In the summer of 1878 he had a paralytic stroke, and was brought home. He was adjudged of unsound mind in 1884, and a conservator of his estate was appointed by the courts.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Stoddard, Joshua C.

Edition of 1900.
​STODDARD, Joshua C., inventor, b. in Pawlet, Vt., 26 Aug., 1814. He was educated at the public schools, and became noted as an apiarist. He also turned his attention to inventing, and in 1856 devised the steam-calliope, which is used on Mississippi steamers. He also invented the Stoddard horse-rake and hay-tedder. More than 100,000 of his rakes are now in use.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Stoeckel, Gustave Jacob

Edition of 1900.
​STOECKEL, Gustave Jacob, musician, b. in Maikammer, Bavarian Palatinate, Germany, 9 Nov., 1819. He was graduated at the seminary in Kaiserslautern in 1838, pursued a post-graduate course in musical composition under Joseph Krebs, and was a teacher and organist till 1847. He came to this country in that year, and since 1849 has been instructor in music at Yale, and organist of the college chapel. Yale gave him the degree of Mus. D. in 1864. Dr. Stoeckel has published a collection of sacred music for mixed voices (New York, 1868), and “College Hymn-Book” for male voices (1886); besides compositions for the piano, songs, and overtures and symphonies for orchestra. He is also the author of the unpublished operas of “Lichtenstein,” “Mahomet,” “Miles Standish,” and “Miskodeeda.”
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Stone, John Augustus

Edition of 1900.
​STONE, John Augustus, dramatist, b. in Concord, Mass., in 1801; d. in Philadelphia, Pa., 1 June, 1834. He appeared on the stage in Boston, New York, and Philadelphia. For Edwin Forrest he wrote “Metamora,” “The Ancient Briton,” and “Fauntleroy”; and among other plays he published “La Roque,” “The Demoniac,” and “Tancred.” He was drowned in a fit of temporary insanity in the Schuylkill, at Philadelphia, and his monument there bears the inscription: “Erected to the memory of the author of ‘Metamora,’ by his friend, Edwin Forrest.”
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Storer, Bellamy (diplomat)

Edition of 1900. son of Storer, Bellamy (jurist), actually born in 1847
STORER, Bellamy, diplomat, b. in Cincinnati, Ohio, 28 Aug., 1844. He was graduated at Harvard university and at the Cincinnati law-school, being admitted to the bar in 1869. He practised successfully at the bar of his native city, and in 1891 he was elected to congress as a Republican, being re-elected two years later, In 1897 President McKinley appointed him minister to Belgium, and after the close of the war with Spain Mr. Storer was promoted by being appointed U.S. minister to Spain as successor to Gen. Woodford.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Stoever, Martin Luther

Edition of 1900.
​STOEVER, Martin Luther, educator, b. in Germantown, Pa., 17 Feb., 1820; d. there, 22 July, 1870. With the ministry in view he entered Pennsylvania college, Gettysburg, and was graduated in 1838, but he was pressed into service as an instructor before he could begin his theological course, and until his death was engaged in teaching. He was principal of a classical academy in Maryland in 1838-'42, and of the preparatory department in Pennsylvania college in 1842-'51, professor of history in the collegiate department in 1844-'51, and professor of Latin and history, to which political economy was added in 1855, from 1851 until his death in 1870. After the retirement of Dr. Charles P. Krauth from the presidency of the college in 1850, he discharged the duties of that office for many months, until his successor was elected. The honorary degree of Ph. D. was conferred upon him in 1866 by Hamilton college, and ​that of LL. D. in 1869 by Union college. In 1862 the presidency of Girard college, Philadelphia, was offered to him, and in 1869 the professorship of Latin in Muhlenberg college, Allentown, Pa.; but he declined both. He was connected with the “Evangelical Quarterly Review” from its beginning in 1849, and was its sole editor from 1857 until his death. His biographical articles earned him the title of “The Plutarch of the Lutheran Church.” He was also editor of the “Literary Record and Linnæan Journal,” in Gettysburg, in 1847-'8, and published “Memoir of the Life and Times of Henry Melchior Muhlenberg, D. D.” (Philadelphia. 1856); “Memorial of Philip P. Mayer, D. D.” (1859); “Brief Sketch of the Lutheran Church in this Country” (1860); and “Discourse before the Lutheran Historical Society” (Lancaster, 1862).
# Blind-man's Buff (Blake)

poem by William Blake, originally published in Poetical Sketches, 1783.
* Blind-man's Buff in Poetical sketches by William Blake now first reprinted from the original edition of 1783, 1868. London: Basil Montagu Pickering Edited by R H Shepherd
* Blind-man's Buff, D G Rossetti, ed., 1880 Life of William Blake, Volume 2 (selections). London: Macmillan & Co. p. 13
# Blind Love

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "Blind Love."
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This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* "Blind Love", a poem by Olive Custance
* "Blind Love", an alternative title for Sonnet 148 by William Shakespeare
# Blinn v. Nelson

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
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United States Supreme Court
222 U.S. 1
Blinn v. Nelson
Argued: April 10, 1911. --- Decided: October 23, 1911
Mr. George R. Blinn for plaintiff in error.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 1-3 intentionally omitted]
Messrs. Amos L. Taylor and Hollis R. Bailey for defendants in error.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 3-5 intentionally omitted]
Mr. Justice Holmes delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Blindman's Buff

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "Blindman's Buff."
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* Blind-man's Buff, a poem by William Blake
* Blindman's Buff (Blinde Kuh), a poem by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
* Blindman's Buff, a short story by Seabury Quinn
# Blind Bartimeus

* information about this edition.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
Blind Bartimeus at the gates Of Jericho in darkness waits; He hears the crowd;--he hears a breath Say, "It is Christ of Nazareth!" And calls, in tones of agony, 'Ιησου, ξλξησδν με!
The thronging multitudes increase; Blind Bartimeus, hold thy peace! But still, above the noisy crowd, The beggar's cry is shrill and loud; Until they say, "He calleth thee!" Θαρσει ζγειραι , φωνει σε!
Then saith the Christ, as silent stands The crowd, "What wilt thou at my hands?" And he replies, "Oh, give me light! Rabbi, restore the blind man's sight." And Jesus answers, "Υπαγε'
'Η πιστις σου σεσωκε σε!
Ye that have eyes, yet cannot see, In darkness and in misery, Recall those mighty Voices Three, 'Ιησου, ξλξησδν με! Θαρσει ξγειραι, υπαγε! 'Η πιστις σου σεσωκε σε!
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Blighty

"Whence the name came from."
BLIGHTY
BY TALBOT MUNDY
THE derivation of "Blighty" is as simple, really, as the origin and meaning of Theodore Roosevelt's nickname given him by the natives of East Africa. In spite of the fifty various explanations given in the papers, "Tumbo" means "stomach," neither more nor less. And "Blighty" means England. It is one of Tommy's adaptations from Hindustani—a language he twists and changes to suit himself when in India and, when time-expired, brings home in fragments with which to adulterate the ever-growing English language.
Originally the word is vilayti, which means European. But since the only section of Europe, and the only Europeans with whom the vast majority of natives ever come in contact are England and the British, by inference the word has come to mean British almost whenever used. Vilayti pani—European water—soda water. So much for the native standpoint.
Adapting that, Tommy gets Blighty tobacco, as distinguished from the local article, Blighty clothing, Blighty letters, Blighty leave, and—last of all—he "goes Blighty" when the troopship takes him home. So "Blighty" is England; and to "wish you a Blighty one" is to hope that when you are wounded it will be a severe enough case to take you to England, without "sending you West."
The daily swelling war vocabulary is full of similar instances. "Rooty," for the bread ration, is simply Hindustanee roti—bread. "Treck," meaning to move in any way on wheels, is the Boer word trek—travel. To "keep a dekko lifting," meaning to keep a sharp lookout, is from the Hindustani imperative dekko—look.
Before ever he "napooed" a man Tommy in the old days would nayhai him, and that is from the Hindustani ne hai, meaning is not. Of all the other scores and scores of words that Tommy has brought home from Indian campaigns, perhaps the oftenest used is "go arsty" for "go slow"—simply the Hindustani word ahsti—softly, gently.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
The longest-living author of this work died in 1940, so this work is in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 83 years or less. This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
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