OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Nautilus

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A journal of malacology. The first two volumes are called the Conchologists’ Exchange.
The Conchologists’ Exchange
* Volume 1
* Volume 2
The Nautilus
* Volume 3 (Commons file)
* Volume 4 (Commons file)
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# The New Student's Reference Work/Daffodil

See also Daffodil on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Daffodil See Narcissus.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Daguerreotype

See also Daguerreotype on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Daguerreotype. See Photography.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Dahlgren, John Adolph

See also John A. Dahlgren on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
* ADMIRAL DAHLGREN
Dahlgren (däl' grĕn) John Adolph, an American naval officer, was born at Philadelphia in 1809, and died in 1870. He early entered the navy as midshipman, and soon rose in rank. While employed in the ordnance-department from 1847 to 1857, he made a series of experiments in the construction of heavy shell guns, which resulted in ​the adoption of a new pattern, called the Dahlgren gun. It is a muzzle-loading, cast-iron, smooth-bore gun, with great thickness of metal at the breech. Many of these guns are still in the United States service. Dahlgren also invented a rifled cannon for naval warfare. He did good service in the Civil War, being appointed rear-admiral and having command of the South Atlantic squadron. In 1869 he took command of the Washington navy yard, which he had held before the war.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Dahlia

See also Dahlia on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Dahlia (däl′yȧ). A genus of the composite family, containing some of the commonest garden-plants. All of the ordinary garden-forms are derived from a single variable species D. variabilis. The genus contains about ten species, which are mostly Mexican, a few occurring in Central and South America. As an illustration of the varieties which can be made from a single species, it may be said that over 3,000 different garden-varieties of D. variabilis have been named and published in catalogues.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Dacia

See also Dacia on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Dacia (dā' shĭ-ȧ), an ancient country of Europe, of uncertain limits, lying north of the Danube and south of the Carpathian Mountains. It comprised at least what now is the eastern part of Hungary, Transylvania, Moldavia and Wallachia. It was inhabited by an exceedingly warlike people of German origin, who held the Romans in check from 10 B. C. until 100 A. D. During the reign of Domitian the Romans were even obliged to pay tribute. In 106 A. D. Trajan reduced the country to a Roman province. The Romans held most of this territory until 274 A. D., when Aurelian abandoned it to be overrun in succession by the Goths, Huns, Gepidæ, Avars and Scythians.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Dagobert

See also Dagobert I on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Dagobert (dăg' ō-bêrt), the name of several of the Merovingian kings of France. The best known is Dagobert I, who ruled France from 628 to 638. He was a vigorous monarch, but debauched in his private life,. His court almost equaled in magnificence that at Constantinople. His most noteworthy act was to revise and publish the old national statutes, known as the Salic and the Ripuarian laws.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Dahomey

See also Dahomey on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Dahomey (dä-hō′mā), a French dependency since 1894 in western Africa on the upper Guinea coast, formerly a negro kingdom. It lies between the German colony of Togoland and the British territory of Lagos, and extends inland for about 130 miles. On the north it is bounded by the French military territory of the Niger. It is known to possess an area of 65,000 square miles, with 70 miles of seaboard. It is almost surrounded by hostile tribes, and the boundaries used to change with the king's changing fortunes in war. The main port is Whydah, from which a road extends to the capital, Abomey, a distance of 65 miles. Dense forests and dismal swamps cover about two thirds of this distance; then vast rolling plains rise for many miles in the direction of the Kong uplands. The Avon and Denham lagoons receive the rivers of the country, none of which, however, are important. Groves of oil-palms encircle each town, from which palm-oil is made in great quantities; while the rich soil yields all the wealth of tropical growth. Cotton-cloth is made, and weapons and tools are forged from native iron. The people are negroes, generally of small stature but robust and active. They are sociable, equally fond of dancing and of rum, but warlike and prone to theft. Fetish-worship prevails, the main gods being the snake-god, tree-gods, sea-gods and the thunder-gods. Human sacrifices are made to the sea-god. At Whydah is a temple to the snake-god, containing over a hundred sacred snakes. Annually, in October, are revived the grand “customs,” when as many as 500 victims are sometimes sacrificed. The king, before his defeat by the French, was the most absolute of despots. Of his army of 10,000 soldiers, the best part consisted of Amazons, mighty and blood-thirsty women. Monster slave-hunts formerly occurred, but the slave-trade is now ruined. The Dahoman kingdom dated from the beginning of the 18th century, and reached the height of its power under Gezo, who reigned from 1818 to 1858. The seat of government is Porto Novo (19,000 inhabitants). Abomey, the old capital, about eight miles in circumference, has 15,000 people, and Whydah about 12,000. The population is estimated at 1,000,000. The imports amounted to $7,139,655 in 1910, and the exports to $3,576,470. Cottons, machinery, drink and tobacco were the principal imports; palm-nuts and palm-oil the leading exports. Income and outgo balanced in 1910 at 3,235,000 francs. An iron pier marks the port of Kotonu, about 125 miles of railway on the projected line to Chaoru being completed from that point, with a branch 20 miles long to Segborué and Whydah. Ultimately the line will reach the Niger. Another railroad is building along the Lagos frontier. Kotonu is connected with Abomey, the Niger and the Senegal by telegraph, 1,725 miles altogether, with 120 miles of telephone lines.
# The New Student's Reference Work/D'Aubigné, Jean Henri Merle

See also Jean-Henri Merle d'Aubigné on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
D’Aubigné (dō-bēn-yā′), Jean Henri Merle, the great Swiss historian of the Reformation and Evangelical divine, was born near Geneva, August 27, 1794; and died there, Oct. 20, 1872. He studied theology at Geneva and in Berlin, where he had Neander as his instructor, and for a time held pastoral charges at Hamburg and at Brussels, and at the latter city was preacher to the court. Returning to Geneva, he became professor of church-history in its theological seminary, and here wrote his famous History of the Reformation in the Sixteenth Century, his History of the Reformation in Europe in the Time of Calvin and works on Lutheranism and Christianity. His works on the Reformation have raised a monument to his name. They, however, are the work, not of a judge, but of an advocate.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Dagon

See also Dagon on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Dagon (dā' gŏn), the national god of the Philistines, half-man and half-fish. He is mentioned in the Old Testament as having temples at Gaza and at Ashdod, and his worship probably existed in other parts of Palestine. It was at the temple of Dagon in Gaza that the Philistines offered a great sacrifice, when Samson, who had been delivered into their hands, was brought forth and pulled down the temple.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Dacca

See also Dhaka on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Dacca (dăk' ȧ), a city of Bengal proper, 150 miles northeast of Calcutta, on the north bank of the Buriganga. It occupies an area of eight square miles, and consists of a dull esplanade and one long street meeting at right angles, with a network of narrow, crooked lanes. It, however, has unusual advantages for inland navigation, as its position commands the principal waterways of the delta. About 1610 it became the seat of the Mohammedan government of Bengal, which rank it kept, with a short break, until 1704. In the 18th century it became celebrated for its muslins, and the English, French and Dutch had manufactures here. It has since declined (the population falling off from 200,000 in 1800 to 69,212 in 1872), until the last few years have revived its prosperity. Besides manufactures, Dacca has a college and good schools. The Dacca and Maimansingh state-railroad, opened in 1886, has helped its growth. Population, 85,000. Dacca also is a district in Bengal, watered by the Brahmaputra. Its population is close upon 10,000,000.
# The Nature and Origin of the Noun Genders of the Indo-European Languages/front matter

Layout 2
PRINCETON LECTURES.
A series of volumes containing the notable lectures delivered on the occasion of the Sesquicentennial celebration of Princeton University.
Theism. Two Lectures. By Prof. Andrew Seth, University of Edinburgh.
The Discharge of Electricity in Gases. Four Lectures. By Prof. J. J. Thomson, University of Cambridge.
The Mathematical Theory of the Top. Four Lectures. By Prof. Felix Klein, University of Gottingen.
The Descent of the Primates. By Prof. A. A. W. Hubrecht, University of Utrecht.
The Nature and Origin of the Noun Genders in the Indo-European Languages. By Prof. Karl Brugmann, University of Leipsic.
# The Nature of the Judicial Process

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THE NATURE OF THE
JUDICIAL PROCESS
BY
BENJAMIN N. CARDOZO, LL.D.
NEW HAVEN: YALE UNIVERSITY PRESS
LONDON: HUMPHREY MILFORD
OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS
Contents
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The New International Encyclopædia/Blair, Henry William

Edition of 1905. See also Henry W. Blair on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​BLAIR, Henry William (1834—). An -American politician and lawyer, born in Campton. N. H. He received an academic education, was admitted to the bar in 1859, and was prosecuting attorney for Grafton County in 1860. During the war he was lieutenant-colonel of the Fifteenth New Hampshire Volunteers. He was a member of the New Hampshire House of Representatives in 1866: of the State Senate, from 1867 to 1868; and Republican Representative in the Forty-fourth and Forty-fifth Congresses. From 1879 to 1891 he was United States Senator. He was appointed Minister to China in 1891, but that Government declined to receive him because of a bill which he had introduced for the purpose of restricting Chinese immigration. A bill to prohibit the sale and manufacture of liquors placed him in the van of the temperance ranks. The Blair Common-School Bill, appropriating $77,000,000 to the States in proportion to their illiteracy, was another of his measures.
BLAIR, Hugh (1718-1800). A Scottish divine and man of letters. He was born in Edinburgh, April 7, 1718. He was educated at the university of his native city, where he attracted the attention of his instructors by an Essay on the Beautiful. In October, 1741, he was licensed to preach by the presbytery of Edinburgh; and after occupying the churches of ​Colessie in Fifeshire, Canongate Church in Edinburgh. and Lady Tester's, he was promoted in 1758 to the highest position attainable by a Scotch clergyman—one of the charges of the High Church". Edinburgh. His discourses, which display little power or originality of thought, more yet greatly admired on account of their polished style. In 1759 Blair commenced a series of lectures on composition at the university; and three years afterwards, a new chair of rhetoric and belles-lettres, with a salary of £70 a year, being created by the Crown, Blair was made professor. He held this appointment uintil 1783, when he resigned: and in the same year published his Lectures, which obtained a reputation far beyond their merits, and one that time has by no means sanctioned. His first volume of sermons, which appeared in 1777, proved a great success. George III. showed his appreciation of them by bestowing on Blair, in 1780, a pension of £200 a year. Opinion about their merits has much changed since the date of their publication; they are now considered as moral essays rather than sermons. Blair's critical acumen was not great: he strenuously defended the authenticity of Ossian's poems. He died December 27, 1800. For his life, consult Finlayson (London, 1801), and Hill (Edinburgh, 1807).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Blair, John Insley

Edition of 1905. See also John Insley Blair on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​BLAIR, John Insley (1802-99). An American capitalist and philanthropist. He was born in Warren County. N. J., and from 1811 to 1819 worked in a small store in Hope, N. J. Later he removed to Blairstown, became interested in the Oxford Iron Furnace in Warren County, and in 1846 was associated with the Scranton Brothers in the first attempt to manufacture iron with anthracite coal. To facilitate the transportation of the company's output, he and his associates constructed the road which subsequently became known as the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western. In later life he was connected, either as builder or director, with twenty railroads, and at one time was said to own more miles of railroad than any other man in the world. He gave Blair Hall and about $70,000 to Princeton College, where he established a professorship; helped to rebuild Grinnell College, Iowa; gave nearly $90,000 to Lafayette College, and about $600,000 to the Presbyterian Academy at Blairstown, and contributed toward building over one hundred churches in the towns laid out along the lines of his railroads.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Blake, Edward

Edition of 1905. See also Edward Blake on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​BLAKE, Edward (1833—). A Canadian state-man. He was born in Ontario, Canada, grsuluaied at the University of Toronto, was called to the bar in 1S5G, and soon rose to the first rank among chancery practitioners. In 1867 lie was elected to both the Ontario and Dominion Parliaments, and in the former House became the leader of the Liberal Opposition. In 1871 he became Premier of Ontario, but soon resigned. He was Privy Councilor m 1874, and Minister of Justice in 1875. After the return of the Conservatives to power, he became the leader of the Liberal Party in 1880: was elected to the British Parliament from South Longford. Ireland, in 1802, and was aiipointed to the judiciary committee of the Privy Council in 1896.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Blair, Francis Preston. Jr.

Edition of 1905. See also Francis Preston Blair Jr. on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​BLAIR, Francis Preston. Jr. (1821-75). An American lawyer, politician, and soldier, born in Lexington, Ky. He graduated at Princeton in 1841, was admitted to the bar in 1843, and removed to Saint Louis to practice law. In the Mexican War he served in the United States Army as a private. Afterwards he was editor for a time of the Missouri Democrat, became prominent in State politics, was a member of the Missouri Legislature from 1852 to 1856, and after 1856 served for several years in Congress as a Republican. At the outbreak of the Civil War he was the leader of the Union Party in Missouri, and by his energy, tact, and political sagacity was largely instrumental in preventing that State from joining the Confederacy. In April, 1861, he entered the Federal Army as a colonel, and before the close of the following year had risen successively to the rank of brigadier-general (August, 1862) and of major-general (November 29, 1862). He led a division under Sherman at Vicksburg in 1862-63, commanding the assault upon Chickasaw Bluffs (December 29, 1862), and in 1864 took a prominent part, as division commander and temporarily as commander of the Seventeenth Corps, in the famous march to the sea. He was nominated as Collector at Saint Louis and as Minister to Austria by President Johnson in 1866, but, owing to his views on reconstruction, the Senate refused to confirm either appointment. Afterwards he joined the Democratic Party, was its candidate for Vice-President in 1868, and from 1870 to 1873 was a member of the United States Senate. He published The Life and Public Services of Gen. William O. Butler (1848).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Blair, James

Edition of 1905. See also James Blair (Virginia) on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​BLAIR, James (1656-1713). A Colonial clergyman and educator, the founder and first president of William and Mary College in Virginia. He was born in Scotland, graduated at the University of Edinburgh in 1673, removed to England in 1682, and in 1685 was sent to Virginia as a missionary of the Church of England. He was minister successively at Henrico City, Jamestown, and Williamsburg, and after 1689 was Commissary of Virginia, "a very weighty and creditable post." the highest ecclesiastical position, at that time, in the colony. In this capacity he did much to raise the character of the provincial clergy and to rectify many clerical abuses. In 1690, at a time when there was only "one privately endowed school and a few old field schools" in the colony, he took up the work of founding a college in Virginia. and in the same year began soliciting subscriptions for an institution which was to provide for "the Education of our Youth, a constant supply of our Ministry, and perhaps a foundation for ye Conversion of our neighboring Heathen to the Christian Faith." In 1691 he went to England, and there, in 1693. secured a charter for the College of William and Mary. On his return he worked indefatigably to secure the immediate erection of buildings, and until his death was president of the college. After 1693 Blair was also a member of the Council of Virginia, of which he was for some time president. In this capacity he had rancorous disputes with Goveniors Edmund Andros, Francis Nicholson, and Alexander Spotswood, and by his representations to the home Government was instrumental in securing the removal of each in turn. It has been said of Blair that he did more than any other one man for the intellectual advancement of Virginia during the Colonial period. He collaborated with Henry Hartwell and Edward Chilton in the preparation of a valuable work, entitled The Present State of Virginia and the College (London, 1727), probably the best extant account of Virginia in the latter part of the Seventeenth Century, and published an elaborate series of sermons on Our Saviour's Divine Sermons on the Mount (1740), which have been much commended by theologians. Consult D. E. Motley. "Life of Commissary James Blair, Founder of William and Mary College," in Series 19, No. 10, of Johns Hopkins University Studies (Baltimore, 1901).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Blake, Francis

Edition of 1905. See also Francis Blake (telephone) on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​BLAKE, Francis (1850— ). An American inventor, born at Needham, Mass. In 1866-79 he was connected with the United States Coast Survey, and in 1S78 invented the transmitter for telephone instruments, which, known under his name, has become the most extensively used throughout the world.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Blake, James Hopwood

Edition of 1905. See also James Hopwood Blake on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​BLAKE, James Hopwood (1843-1901). An English geologist and surveyor, bom in London. He was educated there at King's College, and apprenticed to the civil engineer Brereton, under whose direction he was for several years engaged in railway engineering and construction in Cornwall and" South Wales. In 1868 Blake joined the Geological Survey of Great Britain, and was commissioned to prepare large scale maps of certain portions of southern England. He surveyed parts of Somerset, Suffolk, and Norfolk, and studied the phenomena of the drift deposits of those regions. Several contributions, embracing the results of his observations on the drift and the Mesozoic formations, have been published in the Memoirs of the Geological Survey of the United Kingdom and in the Geological Magazine.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Blair, Montgomery

Edition of 1905. See also Montgomery Blair on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​BLAIR, Montgomery (1813-83). An American lawyer and politician, the son of Francis P. Blair, Sr. He was born in Franklin County. Ivy., graduated at West Point in 1835, and served for several months in the first Seminole War. He then resigned from the service, studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1839, and began to practice in Saint Louis. He was for a time United States district attorney for Missouri, was mayor of Saint Louis in 1842-43, and from 1843 to 1849 was judge of the Court of Common Pleas. In 1852 he removed to Maryland, where he devoted his attention as a lawyer chiefly to important cases before the United States Supreme Court, and quickly became prominent as a Democrat in State politics. From 1855 to 1858 he was United States solicitor in the Court of Claims, and in 1857 was the counsel for the defendant in the celebrated Dred Scott Case (q.v.) and made an able argument in support of his side. Strongly disapproving of the attitude of the Democratic Party toward the repeal of the Missouri Compromise in 1854, he joined the newly organized Republican Party in 1856, and in 1860 was Chairman of the State Republican Convention. In 1861 he became a member of Lincoln's Cabinet as Postmaster-General, and in this capacity served with great ability until September, 1864, when he resigned. His term is notable in the history of the department from the fact that during it money-orders first came into use, and such improvements as free delivery in cities and the sorting of the mails on postal cars were introduced. After the war, Blair returned to the Democratic Party, and in 1876-77 was conspicuous as a supporter of Tilden in the famous Tilden-Hayes controversy.