# Das Kapital (Moore, 1906)/Index

INDEX.
A
* Abstinence, two kinds of, 650.
* Absurdities of vulgar economy, 180, 205 note, 241 note, 249, 352, 489, 658, 654, 655, 666, 669, 701, 839, 841.
* Accumulation of capital, its concept, 634; not identical with hoarding, 645; at a faster rate than increase of population increases wages, 678; means increase of profetariat, 674; means concentration of capital and labourers, 685; causes a relative overpopulation (industrial reserve army), 691; its absolute general law, 707; its general law illustrated, 711-717; degrades the labourer, 727-733; primitive, its secret, 784; promoted by public debt, 827; see also Capitalist Accumulation.
* Additions to the text of the fourth German edition of “Capital,” 32.
* Adulteration of commodities, 194, 274, 277.
* Agricultural laborers’ misery in England, 719, 739-773, 779.
* Agricultural revolution in England, 778, 788-805; its reaction on industry, 817.
* American Civil War centralised capital, 847; stimulated improvements in cotton machinery, 473.
* Animals and plants transformed by a continuous process of labor, 202.
* Antagonism between capitalists and laborers, 363.
* Aristotle lacked a concept of value, 69.
B
* Barter, direct, its development, 100.
* Bentham’s dogma of a fixed wage fund, 668
* Burke's observation of compensation of differences in co-operative labor, 354.
C
* “Capital,” the Bible of the working class, 30
* Capital, first, money-capital, 163; its circulation without limits, 170; contradictions in its general formula, 178; merchant’s and money-lender’s does not create any new value, 183; problem of its production posed, 184; its creation accomplished, 217; constant, 232; variable, 283; dead labor sucking living labor, 257; squanders labor power, 581; means command over unpaid labor, 585; not increased by non-consumption, 646; its technical and organic composition, 672; see also Value.
* Capitalist, creates no surplus-value, 638; his individual consumption robs accumulation, 649; Faustian conflict in his breast, 651; net interested in value, but in surplus-value, 351; in the labor-process, 205.
* Capitalist, industrial, his genesis, 822; a lover of force, 824, 826.
* Capitalist Accumulation, its phases reviewed, 640; its historical tendencies, 834-837.
* Capitalist Argument, to conceal true nature of labor process, 218; against ten hours’ day, 240.
* Capitalist Co-operation differs from antique co-operation, 367.
* Capitalist Era, its beginning, 787.
* Capitalist View of production of commodities individualistic, 642.
* Capitalist Production, a production of surplus-value, 558; based on man’s dominion over nature, 563; begets class-struggle, 688; means anarchy in social division of labor and despotism in the workshop, 391.
* Capitalists, denouncing one another, 601; preventing one another from obeying laws, 537.
* Centralisation, its difference from concentration, 686.
* Changes in the original plan of “Capital,”
* Child Labor in England, 268, 284-289, 610, 511.
* Circulation, sweating money, 127; not a source of surplus-valne, 177.
* Classic Economy never understood the process of reproduction, 665, note; see also Political Economy.
* Class-Struggles between creditors debtors in antiquity, 162.
* Coin as money, 140.
* Colonisation, its modern theory, 838; independent labor its obstacle, 840; on a capitalist basis impossible without wage-labor, 843; uncovers secret of capitalist accumulation, 848.
* Commodities, defined, 41; their fetishism, 81; their exchange, 96; explaining their own nature, 95; their relation to their owners, 97; their circulation, 106; their metamorphosis, 116; differentiated from gold, 117; in love with money, 121, their complete metamorphosis, 125.
* Condition of Political Economy in 1848, 17-19
* Constant Capital, see Capital.
* Co-operation, based on division of labor typical of manufacturing period, 369; implies concentration of labor and capital, 862; in antiquity, 366; of machinery, 414; under capitalism develops despotism, 364.
* Co-operative Labor different in from individual labor, 357.
* Corvée, abuse of, 261. ​
* Cost-Price, 589.
* Cotton Industry, promoted slave breeding industry, 485.
* Credit-System, helps centralisation, 687; grows with national debt, 828
* Crises, cycle of, 31; see also Over-Population, Accumulation, Money, Machinery, Stock Exchange Gambling.
* Crusoe, Robinson, in political economy, 88
D
* Death from over-work, 280.
* Death Rate increased by capitalist production, 282, 434, 435, 510.
* Debt, Public, a lever of primitive accumulation, 827.
* Degeneration of laborer, 270,
* Degradation of laborer by capitalism, 727, 729, 731, 733, 736, 737, 832.
* Difference between English and American edition of “Capital,” 9.
* Diseases caused by capitalist exploitation, 270, 610, 511, 721, 727, 729, 731.
* Division of Labor, necessary for production of commodities, 49; not based on
production of commodities, 49; under manufacture explained, 371; in manufacture and society compared, 385; fatal to free citizenship, 389; in guilds, 394; its stupefying effect on the laborer, 897; increases capitalist authority, 391; in Indian communities, 393; make automaton of laborer, 396.
E
* Economy in constant capital through co-operative labor, 355.
* Emigration of laborers meets opposition of masters, 629.
* Engels, his additional work on “Capital,” 82; his ridicule of Malthus, 696.
* Epochs, Economic, distinguished by tools, 200
* Equivalent, see Value.
* Exchange, illustrated, 118; a double process, 122.
* Exchange Value defined and explained, 48; see also Production and Value.
* Excrements of production, 663,
* Experiments, made to intensify labor, 449; in labor legislation made at the expense
of the laborers, 539.
* Exports refute wage fund theory, 670.
* Extinction of English handloom weavers, 471.
F
* Factory, modern, described, 457-466,
* Factory Acts, hasten industrial revolution, 514, 519, 521, 522; circumvented, 265; a curb on the greed for surplus-labor, 263; their effect on sanitation and education in England, 526; regarded as an interference with the rights of capital, 535; hasten concentration of capital, 552.
* Factory Acts Extension Acts, sphere embraced by them, 540; spoil Factory Acts, 541.
* Factory System, ruining handicrafts and manufacture, 492-493; its effect on English cotton industry, 497-501; its enormous power of expansion, 495; its reaction on handicrafts, manufacture, and domestic industries, 502-505.
* Family, its transformation under capitalist production, 511-514.
* Farmer, Capitalist, his genesis, 814.
* Force, an element in primitive accumulation, 809; the midwife of social revolution, 824.
* Forecast of events by averages, 227.
* Freedom, Equality, and Bentham, 196.
* French revolution abolished laborer’s right of association, 813.
G
* Gladatone, hia contradictory speech, 716.
* Gold and Silver, natural money, 102; differences in mining, 160 note; their different weight as a standard of price and medium of circulation, 141; see also Metal.
* Guilds, medieval, tried to prevent trade masters from becoming capitalists, 837.
H
* Handicraft, skill an obstacle to capitalist discipline, 403; revolutionised by modern industry, see Machinery.
* Hegel’s dialectics invented by Marx, 25, 26; law of transformation of quantity into quality, 338.
* Hoarding, see Money.
* Home-Market, conquered by modern industry, 821.
I
* Ideas reflexes of the real world, 91.
* Industrial Reserve Army, caused by accumulation of capital, 591; a necessary condition of capitalist production, 693; a regulator of wages, 699; a check upon the emancipation of labor, 701.
* Industry, Modern, revolutionises agriculture, 553, 778, 788-805; revolutionises handicrafts and manufacture, see Machinery and Accumulation; annihilates peasant, 554; breaks power of resistance of agricultural laborer, 655; increases public debts and taxation, 830.
* Interest, not analyzed in volume I; see volume III
* International spread of “Capital,” 30.
* Internationalism of capitalist production, see World Market.
* Invention causes more invention, 419.
* Inventions of handicraft period, 382.
J
* June Insurrection in France, its effect on ruling class of England, 313.
* Justice of capitalism illustrated, 726.
* Justification of the phrase “value of labor,” 592.
L
* Labor, the common property of commodities, 44; its twofold character, 48; simple average labor in the abstract, 61; skilled, reduced to simple average labor. ​51, 52; the cause of the fetishism of commodities, 83; its social character, 84; homogeneous, the secret of social production, 85; in free communities, 90; its property transformed into capitalist property, 140; skilled and unskilled, their difference in value, 220; necessary, 240; has no value, 588; separated from property, 640; co-operative, see Co-Operation; surplus, see Surplus-Labor.
* Labor Fund, its relation to capital, 622.
* Labor Laws in England, from the 14th to the 17th century, 290-304; from 1833-1864, 304-330.
* Labor-Power, general property of labor-Process, 57; bought and sold, 185; a commodity, 186; its value determined, 189; minimum limit of its value, 192; advanced to the capitalist, 193; produces more value than it has itself, 216; its value determined by average necessities of life 568; three laws of determining its value, 569.
* Labor-Process, explained, 203; a productive process, 557.
* Labor Time, a standard measure of value, 45; socially necessary, 46; its assertion as a social law, 86; regulated by competition, 379.
* Laborer, the free, 187; his demand for a normal use of his labor-power, 258; a specialised implement in division of labor, 372; the collective, 383; feeds himself and the capitalist, 621; his productive and individual consumption, 626-628.
* Land, first used as money in the 17th century, 101.
* Law, concerning issue of paper money, 143; of population explained, 681; of value in its international application, 612; of value in general, see Value.
* Legislation against expropriated in England, 805-808, 810-814; in France, 808, 813.
* Leisure, nature’s gift to primitive man, 665.
* Limits of Compensation of rate and mass of surplus-value, 333; see also Surplus-Value.
M
* Machine, collective, 415; a product of modern industry, 418.
* Machinery, its difference from tools, 405; not a means of shortening labor time under capitalism, 405; uses more tools than man, 408; the starting point of industrial revolution, 410; more exact than skilled labor, 420; its giant power, 421; differences in its wear and tear, 423; ita capacity for speed, 425; its Productivity, 427; substituted for half-time laborers, 429; increases female and child labor, 400; develops slave trade in white children, 432; increases death rate among laborers, 434; undermines morality, 435, 436; prevents education of children, 437-439; prolongs working day, 440; its twofold wear and tear, 441; its moral depreciation, 442; increases relative surplus-value, 443; reduces variable capital relatively, 444; intensifies contradictions of capitalist production, 445; in antiquity lightened labor, 446; intensifies exploitation, 447; fought by laborers, 467; its use forbidden by law, 467-468; increases profits, 476; does not compensate working people for loss of employment, 479, 481; lowers consumption of commodities, 480; under capitalism and in a free society compared, 482; in one industry increases production in another, 484; animate and inanimate, 631.
* Malthus, his queer division of labor between accumulating and spending exploiters, 653; his “Essay on Population,” 675; his “Principles of Political Economy,” 696.
* Malthnsianism exploded, 676, note.
* Mandeville’s Fable of the Bees, 674.
* Manufacture, its twofold rise, 369, 370; its two fundamental forms, 375; its narrow technical basis, 404; modern, in operation, 506-509; ruined by machinery, see Machinery.
* Mass, of profit, see Profit; of surplus-value, see Surplus-Value.
* Market, see Home-Market and World-Market.
* Marx's method explained by himself, 12, 15, 21, 22, 24, 25; method of quotation, 30, 33; quotation from Gladstone vindicated, 34-39.
* Materialist Conception of History, 15, 22,
* Means of Production, necessary for reproduction, 620; see also Constant Capital.
* Mercantilists and Free Traders, their misconception of value, 70.
* Metal, ita weight in silver and copper arbitrarily fixed by law, 142; see also Gold, Silver, and Money.
* Mill, John Stuart, his superiority over the mercantilists, 566; his misinterpretation of profits, 567; his excessive generalisations, 567; an apologist of the wage fund theory, 669.
* Mind, Human, operating on materials, after the fact, 87.
* Mines’ Inspection Act, a dead letter, 642; farce of questioning witnesses, 543-551,
* Misery of British industrial proletariat, 718.
* Modern Industry, see Industry, Machinery, and Accumulation.
* Money, the universal equivalent, 99; its magic, 105; a measure of value, 106; wild theories of, 108; its two functions as a measure of value and a standard of price, 109; historical origin of its names, 112; its currency, 128; keeps up the continuity of circulation, 130; ita change of place in simple circulation, 131; effect of its rise or fall on the prices of commodities, 132; its quantity in circulation determined by volume of production, 134; its currency a reflex of circulation of commodities, 132; its quantity determined by sum of prices and velocity of exchange, 137; mutual compensation of factors in its currency, 138; erroneous opinion concerning determination of its quantity in circulation, 139; paper, symbolising gold and silver, 144; replaced by tokens, 146; hoarding of, 146; buried by Hindoos, 147; its power, 148; bounds of its efficacy, 149; a means of payment, 151; ​development of special institutions for its payment, 154; its contradictory character expressed through crises, 155; its rise as a means of credit, 156; universal, 159; reserve, 161; its transformation into capital, 163; the beginning and end of value, 172; its international value, 613; probable form of its primitive accumulation, 623.
* Moore, Samuel, and Aveling, Edward, translators of the first volume of "Capital," 27, 28.
* Morality, of capitalism illustrated, 265, 273, 274, 278, 279, 287, 292, 294, 302, 311, 319, 321, 389, 3%, 446, 725; of working people destroyed by capitalism, 283, 432, 433, 485, 436, 501, 507, 508.
* Mysteries of trades, 532.
N
* National Debt, see Debt.
* Natural forces cost capital nothing, 422.
* Nature, the basis of the labor-process, 199, 201, 227, 230; its two economic classes, 562; and labor-power primary wealth creators, 662.
* Night Work opposed by laborers, 277.
* Nomad Races the first to develop the money form, 101.
O
* Original Plan of "Capital," 7.
* Over-Crowding of laborer by capitalism, 728, 729, 731.
* Over-Population, Relative, caused by accumulation of capital, 691; its different forms, 703.
* Over-Production, see Over-Population, Accumulation, Industrial Reserve Army, and Machinery.
* Over-Time paid extra, 598.
* Over-Work shortening life, 270, 272, 275, 279.
P
* Pauperism a form of relative over-population, 706.
* Physiocrats, consider only agricultural labor as productive, 559; their Tableau Economique, 647.
* Piece Wages, a converted form of time wages, 602; irrationality of their form, 604; their characteristic peculiarities, 605; a form of the sweating system, 606; compared with time wages, 607; in vogue since the 14th century, 608; the general rule under the Factory Acts, 609; lowered in proportion as the number of prices increases, 610; see also Wages.
* Plato's Republic on division of labor, 402.
* Political Economy, as a science a product of manufacturing period, 400; in antiquity dwells most on use-value and quality, 401; classic, could not explain price or value, 589, 590; stuck in its bourgeois skin, 694; its condition in 1848, 17, 19; vulgar, see Absurdities.
* Precious Metals, their increase accompanied by a fall in prices, 133; see also Metal, Money, Gold, and Silver.
* Price, the money-form of commodities, 107; its fluctuations explained, 111; the money-name of labor, 114; without value, 115; affected by changes in labor time, 120; of products of handicrafts and machinery compared, 426.
* Productivity, its effect on value, 53; depends on proficiency of laborer and perfection of tools, 374; declared to be no concern of the laborer's, 611.
* Production and Reproduction without "abstinence," 656.
* Production of commodities converted into capitalist production, 648.
* Production of use-value and exchange value compared, 218; see also Exchange Value and Use-Value.
* Profit, according to classic economy, 626; not analyzed in volume I, see volume III.
* Property, its different forms, 89.
* Protective Legislation for children benefits also the adult, 538.
* Protestantism changed holidays into working days, 303 note.
* Public Auction of children, 433,
* Public Debt, see Debt.
* Public Opinion a tool of capitalists, 632,
* Purchase, the second metamorphosis of commodities, 123.
Q
R
* Railway System encourages short orders, 623.
* Rate of Profit, not analysed in volume I; see volume III.
* Rate of Surplus-Value, see Surplus-Value.
* Raw Materials supplied by nature are not capital, 661.
* Reception of "Capital" in Germany, 20.
* Reduction of labor time under capitalism produces intensification of exploitation, 456.
* Relay System, 282.
* Religion a reflex of the real world, 91.
* Rent, not analysed in volume I; see volume III
* Reproduction, see Capitalist Production.
* Reserve Army, Industrial, created by modern industry, 533; see also Industrial Reserve Army, Accumulation, and Machinery.
* Revolution, see Capitalist Production, Agricultural Revolution, Factory System, and Industry.
* Ricardo, his insufficient analysis of value, 92, 666; his three laws of value, 569-573; his errors, 574.
* Rodbertus, his own detractor, 583.
* Roman Empire, its failure to collect all contributions in money, 157.
* Roscher's nursery economics, 355, note.
* Rumford's receipts for cheap living, 659.
S
* Sale, the first metamorphosis of commodities, 119.
* Schools, technical and agricultural, 534.
* Self-earned Money of capitalists, 637.
* Sentimentality in economics, 192. ​
* Silver, see Gold, Metal, and Money.
* Slave Labor is unpaid labor, 691.
* Smith, Adam, contended that additional capital is consumed by laborer, 646; supposed that social capital was only variable capital, 647.
* Social Laws, mistaken by bourgeois for natural laws, 98, 709; evolved by natural processes, 373.
* Soul of Capital, surplus-value, 257.
* Speculation, see Stock Exchange Gambling.
* Stock Companies 4 means of centralisation, 68.
* Stock Exchange Gambling promoted by public debt, 827.
* Sunday Work, 278; double standard of justice in regard to it, 291, note,
* Superintendence creates no value, 215.
* Supply and Demand no explanation for value or price, 689; used and abused by capitalists, 702.
* Surplus-Labor, 241; not invented by capital, 259; its intermediate forms, 559; its natural basis, 661; appears as paid labor, 591.
* Surplus-Product, its concept, 635; becomes property of capitalist by virtue of laws of commodity production, 642.
* Surplus-Value, absolute, its concept, 345, 559; its production, 197; the end of capitalist production, 207; its rate, 235; calculation of its rate, 242; produced only by variable capital, 237; its rate mass, 331; its mass varies in direct proportion to the variable capital, 335; relative, its concept, 1342, 546, 559; explained in detail, 347; three laws determining its magnitude, 569; its nature concealed by capitalist production, 585; converted into capital, 636; divided into capital and revenue, 648.
* Survival of the Fittest among agricultural laborers of England, 296.
* Symbols of money and commodities, 103.
T
* Tableau Economique, see Physiocrats.
* Taxation a product of national loans, 829.
* Taxes payable in kind a means of preserving the old order, 158.
* Terminology of “Capital” explained, 29.
* Time Wages, 594; see also Wages.
* Trade Unions desire to share benefits of improved machinery, 611, note.
* Traffic in human flesh, 294.
* Transition from manufacture to machine production, its different forms, 517.
U
* Unemployed, parade in Landon, 736; see also Over-Population and Machinery.
* Unproductive Laborers, their increase, 487.
* Ure, denouncing law for reduction of labor time as a retrogression, 299.
* Use-Value, defined and explained, 42; without exchange value, 47, 48; as quality compared to exchange-value as quantity, 52, 53; see also Value and Production.
V
* Value, its substance and form, 41-96; crystallised human labor, 45; by labor time illustrated, 47; as a relation and an equivalent, 56; equivalent form illustrated, 58; relative and absolute compared, 63; its elementary form, 71; its expanded relative form, 72; its particular equivalent form, 73; defects of its expanded form, 74; its general form, 76; interdependent development of its forms, 78; its transition from the general to the money form, 79; its creation explained, 208; how transferred to the product in production, 992: of constant capital transferred to the product, 234; represented by different parts of the product, 245; of commodities in inverse ratio to productivity, 350; surplus, see Surplus-Value; in use, see Use Value; exchange, see Exchange Value.
* Variable Capital, see Capital.
* Vulgar Economy, see Ahsurdities.
W
* Wage Laborer, his incessant reproduction the indispensable condition of capitalist production, 625.
* Wages, the price of labor-power, 586; nominal rise may be actual fall, 579; not equal to full value of product, 587; their variations, 695; lower with longer working hours, 699; compared internationally, 614, 615; do not rise or fall in proportion as productivity varies, 616; their forcible reduction a means of accumulation, 657; their general movement regulated by industrial reserve army, 699; regulated by laws of distribution of population, 700; see also Piece Wages, Time Wages, and Variable Capital.
* Wage Fund, according to Bentham, 668; according to Fawcett, 669.
* Water and Wind as motive powers, 411.
* Watt's genius shown by proclaiming the universality of the steam engine, 412.
* Wealth, National, measured by relative magnitude of surplus produce, 254; its primary creators labor-power and land, 662
* Work, unsanitary, a source of disease, 271
* Working Day, indeterminate, 256; capitalist idea of, 290; summary of its two historical stages in England, 326-330.
* World-Market, 828-834.
X