OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Oreithyia 2.

​2. A daughter of Erechtheus and Praxithea. Once as she had strayed beyond the river Ilissus she was carried off by Boreas, by whom she became the mother of Cleopatra, Chione, Zetes, and Calais. (Apollod. iii. 15. §1, &c.; Apollon. Rhod. i. 215 ; comp. Plat. Phaedr. p. 194, ed. Heind. ; Schol. ad Odyss. xiv. 533.) [L. S.]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Otho, Salvius 1.

M. SALVIUS OTHO, the grandfather of the emperor Otho, was descended from an ancient and noble family of the town of Ferentium, in Etruria. His father was a Roman eques, his mother was of low origin, perhaps even a freedwoman. Through the influence of Livia Augusta, in whose house he had been brought up, Otho was made a Roman senator, and eventually obtained the praetorship, but was not advanced to any higher honour. (Suet. Otho, 1; Tac. Hist. ii, 50.)
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Ovia

​O′VIA, the wife of C. Lollius, with whom Cicero had some pecuniary transactions in B. C. 45. It appears that Cicero had purchased an estate of her, and owed her some money. (Cic. ad Att. xii. 21, 24, 30, xiii. 22.)
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Oresas

​ORESAS, a Pythagorean. A fragment of his writings is preserved in Stobaeus, Eclog. p. 105. ( Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. i. p. 860.) [C.P. M.]
# Democratic Ideals and Reality: A Study in the Politics of Reconstruction

* related portals: World War I, Geography.
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DEMOCRATIC IDEALS AND REALITY
A STUDY IN THE POLITICS OF RECONSTRUCTION
BY
H. J. MACKINDER, M.P.
LONDON CONSTABLE AND COMPANY LTD 1919
Printed in Great Britain
PREFACE
This book, whatever its value, is the outcome of more than the merely feverous thought of War time; the ideas upon which it is based were published in outline a good dozen years ago. In 1904, in a paper on 'The Geographical Pivot of History,' read before the Royal Geographical Society, I sketched the World-Island and the Heartland; and in 1905 I wrote in the National Review on the subject of 'Man-power as a Measure of National and Imperial Strength,' an article which I believe first gave vogue to the term Man-power. In that term is implicit not only the idea of fighting strength but also that of productivity, rather than wealth, as the focus of economic reasoning. If I now venture to write on these themes at somewhat greater length, it is because I feel that the War has established, and not shaken, my former points of view.
H. J. M.
1st February 1919.
CONTENTS
APPENDICES
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
The longest-living author of this work died in 1947, so this work is in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 76 years or less. This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Broadfoot, William

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​BROADFOOT, WILLIAM (1841–)
Born Oct. 15, 1841: son of Alexander Broadfoot: educated privately and at Addiscombe: joined the Royal Engineers, 1860: Major, 1881, on retirement: served with the Hazara Field Force, 1868: in the Irrigation Department in the Panjab, 1864–8: Assistant Secretary to the Panjab Government, 1868–78: has written The Career of Major George Broadfoot, C.B., 1888: Billiards in the Badminton Library: numerous articles in the principal Reviews, Magazines, the Athenæum, the Times Encyclopædia Britannica, Biographies in the D.N.B., and the R.E. Journal: F.R.G.S: is the Referee of the R. Geographical Society on Afghanistan, Beluchistan, India.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Brooke, John Cheape

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​BROOKE, JOHN CHEAPE (1818–1899)
General: son of Colonel C. W. Brooke: joined the 63rd Bengal N.I., 1836: raised and disciplined the Mewar Bhils, and gained great influence over them and the neighbouring chiefs: during the mutiny, kept a large tract of country quiet: Political Agent at Jodhpur and Jaipur, 1860–70: A.G.G. for Rajputana, 1870–3: died Jan. 23, 1899.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Bright, John

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​BRIGHT, JOHN (1811–1889)
Born Nov. 16, 1811: son of Jacob Bright, of Rochdale: educated there and at Ackworth, York, Newton: joined his father in managing mills, travelled, and entered politics: co-operated with Cobden against the Corn Laws: M.P. for Durham, 1843; for Manchester, 1847, 1852; for Birmingham, 1857–85: in his political life he paid special attention to India: in 1848, was Chairman of the Committee, for which he moved, to inquire into the obstacles to the cultivation of cotton in India: helped to raise a fund for a private Commission of inquiry: opposed the renewal of the Charter of the E. I. Co. in 1853: spoke, 1853, strongly in favour of making the Government of India a Department of the Government, with a Minister of State and a Council: in the discussions on the transfer of the Government of India to the Crown, in 1858, and again in 1879, he advocated a policy of decentralization, by the substitution of federated Provincial Governments for a Central Government: urged, in 1859, the reduction of military expenditure in India: declined to be Secretary of State for India, 1868, being unwilling, as a Quaker, to be mixed up with military matters: advocated developments of India by public works and canals, 1878–9: spoke against the Afghan war of 1878–80: D.C.L., 1886: died March 27, 1889: his general career in Parliament, his share in English politics, and his eloquent speeches, need not be dwelt upon here.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Bright, Sir Robert Onesiphorus

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​BRIGHT, SIR ROBERT ONESIPHORUS (1823–1896)
Born July 7, 1823: son of Robert Bright, merchant, educated at Rugby and Winchester: joined the 19th regt. in 1843, and served continuously with it until, in 1871, he obtained a Brigade command served in the Bulgarian campaign, 1854 in the Crimea, present at all the battles in 1868 commanded the first Brigade Hazara Field Force, and against the Black Mountain tribes: commanded the Meerut Division, 1878–83: in the Afghan war, 1879–80, commanded the Khyber Line Field Force: constantly mentioned in despatches during his caxeer: Brevet Lt-Colonel: Knight of the Legion of Honour: C.B. in 1868: K.C.B. and the thanks of Parliament after the Afghan war: Colonel of his regt., 1886: Lt-General: G.C.B., 1894: died Nov. 15, 1896.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Broadfoot, George

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​BROADFOOT, GEORGE (1807–1845)
Born 1807: son of Rev. W. Broadfoot: entered the Madras Native Infantry in 1826: in 1841 was sent to Kabul commanding the escort with the families of Shah Shuja and Zaman Shah: in Oct. 1841 he accompanied Sir R. Sale's force from Kabul to Jalalabad: which he fortified, and became garrison engineer there during the siege by the Afghans: he animated the whole defence and prevented a surrender: was with General Pollock's Army in the campaign of 1842, and distinguished himself in the actions in the Khyber, at Tezin and Mamu Kheyl: C.B.: made Commissioner of Tenasserim and, later. Agent to the Governor-General on the N.W. frontier: he was a Major in the Sikh war of 1845–6: was mortally wounded at Firozshahr, Dec. 21, 1845.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Brodrick, Hon. William St. John Fremantle

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​BRODRICK, HON. WILLIAM ST. JOHN FREMANTLE (1856–)
Born Dec. 14, 1856: eldest son of third Viscount Middleton: educated at Eton and Balliol College, Oxford: President of the Oxford Union Society: M.P. for West Surrey, 1880–5; for Guildford Division of Surrey, since 1885: Financial Secretary to the War Office, 1886–92: Under Secretary of State for War, 1895–8: Under Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, 1898–1900: Secretary of State for War, 1900–3, during part of the S. African War: Secretary of State for India since 1903: P.C. 1897: J.P.: D.L.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Brooke, Henry

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​BROOKE, HENRY (1725?–1786)
Son of Rev. Henry Brooke, Rector of Kinawley and Kilina, Ireland: born about 1725: joined the E.I. Co'.s Civil Service, and rose to be a Member of the Madras Council: took, with George Stratton, a prominent part in the arrest and deposition of Lord Pigot, .the Governor of Madras, in 1776: and was one of the four sentenced on Feb. 10, 1780, in the King's Bench to pay a fine of £1,000 each for their action: died in Dublin, March 26, 1786.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Bristow, John

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​BRISTOW, JOHN ( ? - ? )
Appointed Resident of Lucknow, by direct order of the Court of Directors, on Nathaniel Middleton's recall in 1774, after the Rohilla war, by a majority in Council against Warren Hastings: Bristow was not friendly with Hastings: was a constant attendant of P. Francis' levees: he was superseded at Lucknow in 1781, by Hastings' order, replaced by Middleton, but re-established in 1782, when Middleton was recalled: Bristow assumed the powers of Government at Lucknow, aiming at the annihilation of the Nawab's authority, on which the Nawab complained against Bristow's administration: Bristow's defence was discussed by the parties in the Supreme Council: he was recalled by a decision of Dec. 31, 1783, Hastings being authorized to have separate charge of the E.L Co's concerns in Oudh, for which he repaired to Lucknow in March-Aug. 1784.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Brind, Sir James

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​BRIND, SIR JAMES (1808–1888)
Son of Walter Brind: born July 10, 1808: educated at Addiscombe: joined the Bengal Artillery in 1827: in 1854 he commanded the Artillery in Sir Sydney Cotton's force against the Mohmands: at the siege of Delhi in the mutiny he commanded a battery, called after him: showed great bravery and activity: it was said that he never slept, and that he should be covered with Victoria Crosses from head to foot: commanded the Artillery in a number of engagements in 1858: in Oudh, Rohilkund and the pursuit of Firozshah: Brevet Colonel and C.B.: was Inspr-General of Artillery, 1865: K.C.B., 1869: commanded the Sirhind Division, 1873–8: General, 1877: G.C.B., 1884: died Aug. 3, 1888: he was married five times.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Brockhaus, Herman

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​BROCKHAUS, HERMAN (1806–1877)
Born at Amsterdam, Jan. 28, 1806: son of Friedrich Arnold Brockhaus, founder of the Leipzig publishing house: studied Oriental literature at Leipzig, Gottingen, Bonn, and frequented Oriental libraries at Copenhagen, Paris, London, Oxford: ​Professor Extraordinarius of Oriental Languages at Jena, 1839: and Professor Ordinarius of Indian Lanugages [sic] and Literature, at Leipzig, 1848: lectured chiefly on Sanskrit, which was his speciality, though he had studied Hebrew, Arabic, Persian, and lectured on Pali, Zend and Chinese: edited the Katha-sarit-sagara of Sanskrit stories, 1839–66, which first led to the scientific study of the origin of Popular Tales: also edited the Prabodha-Chandrodaya, a comedy, 1834–45: the Zend Vendidad Sade: Hafiz and the Seven Wise Masters: was a founder of the Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenland-ischen Gesellschaft: wrote for scientific journals: died Jan. 5, 1877.
# Dasarupa (Haas 1912)/Conspectus

CONSPECTUS OF EDITIONS OF TEXTS
This list indicates the editions of Sanskrit and Prākrit works to which the citations in this volume refer. Abbreviated designations are given in square brackets after the titles.
* ↑ The method of numbering sections in this publication is irregular and utterly impractical. The printer has made matters worse by omitting the section-numbers in many places. To facilitate reference I have frequently added page-numbers to the citations.
* ↑ The last of the four books edited by Hall, really book 24, bears the number 34 in his text.
* ↑ With reference to the name of this treatise, cf. Leumann, ZDMG. 58 (1904), p. 203: ‘Was zunächst den Titel betrifft, so sprechen wir besser von Ratirahasya als von Śṛṅgāradīpikā; denn einstweilen ist eben nur die Ratirahasya-Partie der Śṛṅgāradīpikā—und selbst sie vielleicht nicht vollständig—zur Hand.’ Cf. in general Schmidt, Beiträge zur indischen Erotik, 2d ed., Berlin, 1911, p. 72.
* ↑ The title of this work is as follows: Vamana Kavyalamkara Sutravrtti, Vagbhata Alamkara, and Sarasvatikanthabharana. Edited by Anundoram Borooah. With a few notes and extracts from old commentaries. Calcutta, 1883.
# Das Schauerfeld

English-language translations of Das Schauerfeld include:
* "The Field of Terror, a Tale" translated by Robert Pearse Gillies, in Blackwood's Magazine (vol 8, 1821) (transcription project)
* "The Field of Terror" translated anonymously, in Popular Tales and Romances of the Northern Nations (1823)
* "The Field of Terror, or the Haunted Field" translated by Thomas Roscoe, in The German Novelists (vol 2, 1826) (transcription project)
# Das silberne Fräulein

From Wunderbuch volume 1 (1815) and Gespensterbuch volume 5 (1815).
English-language translations of Das silberne Fräulein include:
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Das wüthende Heer und Frau Venus Berg

Published in Büsching's Volks-Sagen, Märchen und Legenden (1812)
English-language translations of Das wüthende Heer und Frau Venus Berg include:

## Extracts

* "Der Tannhäuser" ('The Tannhäuser') – poem included in this section
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Dasarupa (Haas 1912)/Bibliography

BIBLIOGRAPHY
# Das Wirtshaus im Spessart

English-language translations of Das Wirtshaus im Spessart include:
* "The Tavern in Spessart" translated by Herbert Pelham Curtis (1858) (external scan)
* "Tales of the Inn" translated by Edward L. Stowell (1882) (external scan)
* "The Inn in the Spessart" translated by Samuel Mendel (1890) (external scan)

## Individual stories

* "Die Sage vom Hirschgulden" ('The Story of the Deerguilder')
* "Die kalte Herz" Part One ('The Cold Heart')
* "Saids Schicksale" ('Said's Adventures')
* "Die Höhle von Steenfoll" ('The Cavern of Steenfoll')
* "Die kalte Herz" Part Two ('The Cold Heart')
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Das Todesvorzeichen

From Gespensterbuch volume 2 (1811).
English-language translations of Das Todesvorzeichen include:
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Das gealterte Brautpaar

Extract from Gottschalck's Die Ritterburgen und Bergschlösser Deutschlands (1810), pages 246–247. Included in Büsching's Volks-Sagen, Märchen und Legenden (1812)
English-language translations of Das gealterte Brautpaar include:
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Anderson, John (1726-1796)

​ANDERSON, JOHN (1726–1796), natural philosopher, was born at Roseneath, Dumbartonshire. After the death of his father, the minister of Roseneath, he was educated at Stirling by an aunt, Mrs. Turner, whom he afterwards repaid for the expense. He was officer in a corps raised to resist the rebellion of 1745. He studied at Glasgow, where, in 1756, he became professor of oriental languages, and in 1760 professor of natural philosophy. He was specially interested in practical applications of science, and allowed artisans to attend his lectures in their working dress. He planned the fortifications raised to defend Greenock against Thurot in 1759. He sympathised with the French revolution, and having invented a cannon in which the recoil was counteracted by the condensation of air in the carriage, he went to Paris in 1791 (after failing to attract the attention of the English government), and offered it to the National Convention, who placed a model in their hall, inscribed ‘The gift of science to liberty.’ He translated into French two essays he had already written on war and military instruments, and distributed them among the people of Paris. He invented a plan for smuggling French newspapers into Germany at this time by means of small balloons. His principles made him unpopular with the other professors; and he brought an action against them in regard to the accounts, which he lost, though malversation was afterwards shown to have existed. Elaborate statements of the dispute were issued by both Anderson and his opponents. He published in 1786 the ‘Institutes of Physics,’ which went through five editions in ten years. He wrote various periodical papers, one of which, ‘Observations upon Roman Antiquities lately discovered,’ appeared as an appendix to Roy's ‘Military Antiquities’ in 1793, and was separately published in 1800. He also helped to obtain a collection of Roman remains, found near the wall of Antoninus, for the university. He died 13 Jan. 1796.
​Anderson left all his apparatus, library, &c., for the foundation of an educational institution in Glasgow, which bears his name. Funds were raised by subscription; Thomas Garnett was appointed professor of natural philosophy under the trust 21 Sept. 1796; and on 21 June 1797 the institution was incorporated. Dr. Garnett was succeeded in 1800 by Dr. Birkbeck, who gave free lectures to 500 operative mechanics; and the institution has since been extended.
[Glasgow Mechanics' Magazine, ii. 412–4, iii. pp. v–ix and p. 215; Brit. Mus. Cat.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Anderson, John (d.1804)

​ANDERSON, JOHN, M.D. (d. 1804), practised as a physician at Kingston, in Surrey, and subsequently, for several years before his death, was physician to, and a director of, the General Sea-bathing Infirmary at Margate, where he died in June 1804 at an advanced age. He wrote for his doctor's degree, which he took at Edinburgh, a dissertation ‘De Scorbuto,’ published in 1772. He was also author of ‘Medical Remarks on Natural Spontaneous and Artificial Evacuations,’ London, 1788; and of ‘A Practical Essay on the good and bad Effects of Sea-water and Sea-bathing.’ He was a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries.
[Gent. Mag. lxxiv. 978; Anderson's works mentioned above.]
G. V. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Anderson, John (fl.1799)

1904 Errata appended.
​ANDERSON, JOHN (fl. 1799), wood engraver, was born in Scotland, and was well educated. He was a pupil of Thomas Bewick. He cut (after drawings by J. Samuel) the blocks which illustrate ‘Grove Hill,’ a poem, very sumptuously issued by T. Bensley in 1799. This book, for the beauty of its cuts and the care with which they are printed, will bear comparison with Somervile's ‘Chase.’ The best work of Bewick is technically hardly better than that which Anderson shows in ‘Shakespeare's Walk’ in the book in question. His treatment of foliage is sometimes such as to remind one strongly of the cuts in Bloomfield's ‘Farmer's Boy,’ which the first edition of 1800 describes as ‘with ornaments engraved by Anderson.’ These cuts have been long erroneously ascribed to Bewick. Anderson also engraved illustrations to an edition of Junius. Redgrave says he formed ‘a style of his own and showed much ability, but did not long follow his profession. He went abroad on some speculation, and was lost sight of. He died early in the century.’ Historians of the wood-engraver's art should give to the author of such work as has been described a more important place than he has yet obtained.
[Redgrave's Dict. of Painters.]
E. R.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.5 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 384 | i | 19 | Anderson, John (fl. 1799): for T. Bursley read T. Bensley |
| | | 26-30 | for His treatment of foliage . . . may be attributed read His treatment of foliage is seen to admirable advantage in the cuts in Bloomfield's 'Farmer's Boy.' The first edition of this work (1800) states that the 'ornaments' were engraved by Anderson. Nevertheless its cuts have long been erroneously ascribed to Bewick |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Anderson, John (fl.1825)

​ANDERSON, JOHN (fl. 1825), genealogist, writer to the Signet, and secretary to the Scottish Society of Antiquaries, an institute founded at Inverness in March 1825, wrote a ‘History of the Family of Frisel or Fraser, particularly Fraser of Lovat, embracing various notices illustrative of National Customs and Manners, with original correspondence of Simon Lord Lovat, 1825,’ 4to, pp. 208. He also wrote the prize essay on the ‘State of Science and Knowledge in the Highlands of Scotland … at the period of the Rebellion in 1745, and of their progress up to the establishment of the Northern Institute for the Promotion of Science and Literature in 1825,’ which was published in 1827, and obtained the gold medal offered to competitors by Sir George Stewart Mackenzie. He resided at Walker Street, Coates Crescent, Edinburgh, in 1825, but the dates of his birth and death are not on record.
J. W.-G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Anderson, John Henry

​ANDERSON, JOHN HENRY (1815–1874), conjuror and actor, was known as Professor Anderson, the Wizard of the North, and during many years appeared before the public as a performer of feats of legerdemain. For brief periods he tenanted in turn several of the London theatres, and travelled with his exhibition and apparatus through the provinces, to the colonies and America. His ‘great gun trick’—in which he pretended to catch in his hand a bullet from a musket discharged by one of his audience—was at one time a much-admired illusion. He occupied Covent Garden Theatre for some months at the close of 1855 and the beginning of 1856, performing his conjuring tricks, producing a Christmas pantomime, and attempting the personation of William in ‘Black-eyed Susan,’ and Rob Roy in the melodrama of that name. His season closed with an entertainment described as a ‘Grand Carnival Complimentary Benefit and Dramatic Gala, to commence on Monday morning and terminate with a bal masqué on Tuesday.’ The bal masqué was ‘a scene of undisguised indecency, drunkenness, and vice.’ Between four and five o'clock on the morning of Wednesday, 5 March, Anderson ordered the National Anthem to be played and the gas to be lowered, to warn the revellers to depart. Suddenly the ceiling was discovered to be on fire. The masquers had barely time to escape. In half an hour the destruction of the building was complete. Anderson is chiefly memorable from his connection with this catastrophe.
D. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Anderson, John (1789-1832)

​ANDERSON, JOHN (1789–1832), genealogist, of Hamilton, Lanarkshire, was born, 6 June 1789, at Gilmerton House, Midlothian, became a licentiate of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, and while passing the college examinations was appointed by the Duke of Hamilton (then Marquis of Douglas) first surgeon to the Lanarkshire Militia, and afterwards his own medical adviser, positions which he held to the time of his death. He was very unassuming, of social disposition, and noted for his benevolence. He died 24 Dec. 1832 of inflammation of the brain. His large work, ‘Historical and Genealogical Memoirs of the House of Hamilton,’ 4to, was published at Edinburgh in 1825; a supplement was issued in 1827. For twenty-nine years before his death Anderson was engaged upon a ‘Statistical History of Lanarkshire,’ and also upon a ‘Genealogical History of the Robertsons of Struan,’ but neither of these works appears to have been printed.
J. W.-G.