# History of Woman Suffrage/Volume 4/Appendix

Contents
Sub-sections in this Appendix.
* Testimony from Woman Suffrage States
* New York
* Washington
* Constitution of National-American Woman Suffrage Association
* Alphabetical Index of Subjects
* Alphabetical Index of Proper Names
APPENDIX
EMINENT ADVOCATES OF WOMAN SUFFRAGE.
The following list is so incomplete as to make the advisability of using it a matter of grave doubt. No name is given except upon what is believed to be unimpeachable authority, but it is unavoidable that scores should be omitted which are entitled to a place. The list will indicate, however, the character of those who have espoused the cause of woman suffrage, and it is published with the request that readers will forward to the editors additional names which can be used, and mention any which should be omitted, in the second edition of this volume. There has been no attempt to give all in any profession, but only a few of those who may fairly be considered representative. The names, for instance, of clergymen alone who are in favor of the enfranchisement of women would fill many pages, while those of prominent lawyers in every community would require almost unlimited space, as it is a question which appeals especially to the sense of equity. The following list will indicate sufficiently that this is not a movement of ultra-radical and irresponsible extremists.
The only President of the United States who declared himself publicly and unequivocally for woman suffrage was Abraham Lincoln, who said as early as 1836, "I go for all sharing the privileges of the Government who assist in bearing its burdens by no means excluding women," and later utterances indicated that he did not change his position. Rutherford B. Hayes never hesitated to express his approval in private conversation, and in 1872 he assisted materially in placing in the Republican National Platform the nearest approach to an indorsement which the movement ever has received from that party. James A. Garfield said: "Laugh as we may, put it aside as a jest if we will, keep it out of Congress and political campaigns, still the woman question is rising on our horizon larger than a man's hand; and some solution ere long that question must find." Theodore Roosevelt, when a member of the New York Legislature, voted for a woman suffrage bill, saying he had been converted by seeing how much the women accomplished with their school ballot at Oyster Bay, his home. When Governor he said in his message to the Legislature of 1899: "I call your attention to the desirability of gradually enlarging the sphere in which the suffrage can be extended to women." There is reason to believe other Presidents would have expressed themselves favorably had political exigencies permitted.
The only Vice-Presidents on record as advocating and voting for woman suffrage are Hannibal Hamlin, Schuyler Colfax, Henry Wilson and William A. Wheeler. Such action is likely to mean the personal loss of votes and injury to one's party, with no compensation other than the consciousness of ​having done right, as women can give no reward. Under these conditions it is surprising that so large a number in the Congress and State Legislatures have sustained the measures for the enfranchisement of women.
Chief Justices Of The U. S. Supreme Court.
Chase, Salmon P.Waite, Morrison R.
Practically all of the State Supreme Court Justices of Colorado, Idaho, Utah and Wyoming, where women have exercised the suffrage for a number of years, and of Kansas where they have had a municipal vote for fifteen years, are strong advocates of woman suffrage.
United States Senators.
| Allen, John B. Wash. | Flanagan, J. W. (1871) Texas. |
| Allison, William B. Iowa. | Gallinger, Jacob H. N. H. |
| Anthony, Henry B. R.I. | Gamble, Robert J. S.D. |
| Baker, Edward D. Ore. | Gilbert, Abijah (1874) Fla. |
| Baker, Lucien Kas. | Hamlin, Hannibal Me. |
| Banks, Nathaniel P. Mass. | Hansbrough, Henry C. N.D. |
| Beveridge, Albert J. Ind. | Harvey, James M. Kan. |
| Blair, Henry W. N. H. | Heitfield, Henry Ida. |
| Bowen, Thomas B. Col. | Henderson, John B. Mo. |
| Brice, Calvin S. Ohio. | Hoar, George F. Mass. |
| Brown, B. Gratz Mo. | Jones, John P. Nev. |
| Bruce, Blanche K. Miss. | Kyle, James H. S. D. |
| Burnside, Ambrose R.I. | Lapham, Elbridge G. N. Y. |
| Burrows, Julius C. Mich. | Logan, John A. Ills. |
| Cameron, Angus Wis. | Manderson, Charles F. Neb. |
| Cannon, Frank J. Utah. | Mason, William E. Ills |
| Carey, Joseph M. Wy. | Matthews, Stanley Ohio |
| Carpenter, Matthew H. Mich. | McDonald, Joseph E. Ind. |
| Chace, Jonathan R. I. | Mitchell, John H. Ore. |
| Chandler, Zach. Mich. | Mitchell, John I. Penn. |
| Cheney, P. C. N.H. | Morton, Oliver P. Ind. |
| Clark, Clarence D. Wy. | Nye, James W. Neb. |
| Clark, William A. Mont. | Paddock, Algernon S. Neb. |
| Conger, Omar D. Mich. | Palmer, John M. Ills. |
| Conover, Simon B. (1874) Fla. | Palmer, Thomas W. Mich. |
| Cullom, Shelby M. Ills. | Patterson, John J. (1874) S.C. |
| Davis, Cushman K. Minn. | Patterson, Thomas M. Col. |
| Dawes, Henry L. Mass. | Peffer, William A. Kas. |
| Depew, Chauncey M. N. Y. | Perkins, George C. Cal. |
| Dillingham, William P. Vt. | Pettigrew, Richard F. S.D. |
| Dolliver, J. P. Iowa. | Platt, Thomas C. N. Y. |
| Dolph, Joseph N. Ore. | Plumb, P. B. Kas. |
| Dubois, Fred T. Ida. | Pomeroy, S. C. Kas. |
| Farwell, Charles B. Ills. | Pratt, Daniel D. Ind. |
| Ferry, Thomas W. Mich. | Quay, Matthew S. Penn. ​ |
| Revels, Hiram P. Miss. | Sumner, Charles |
| Roach, W. N. N. D. | Teller, Henry M. |
| Ross, Jonathan Vt. | Tipton, Thomas W. |
| Sanders, Wilbur F. Mont. | Wade, Benjamin F. |
| Sargent, Aaron A. Cal. | Warner, Willard (1869) |
| Minister to Germany. | Warren, Francis E. |
| Sawyer, Philetus S. Wis. | West, J. Rodman (1874) |
| Sherman, John Ohio. | White, Stephen M. |
| Shoup, George L. Ida. | Wilson, Henry |
| Sprague, William R. I. | Wilson, James F. |
| Stanford, Leland Cal. | Windom, William |
| Stevens, Thaddeus Penn. | Sec'y of the Treasury. |
| Stewart, William M. Nev. | Yates, Richard, Sr. |
Speakers Of The House Of Representatives.
| Banks, Nathaniel P. Mass. | Keifer, J. Warren |
| Henderson, David B. Iowa. | Reed, Thomas B. |
Representatives In Congress.
| Allen, C. E. Utah. | Fisher, Spencer O. Mich. |
| Baker, Charles S. N. Y. | Fletcher, Lorin Minn. |
| Baker, William Kas. | Giddings, Joshua R. Ohio. |
| Barrows, Samuel J. Mass. | Glenn, Thomas L. Ida. |
| Belford, James B. Col. | Greenleaf, Halbert S. N.Y. |
| Bell, John C. Col. | Gunn, James Ida. |
| Blue, Richard W. Kas. | Handy, L. G. Del. |
| Broderick, Case Kas. | Haskins, Kittridge Vt. |
| Broomall, John M. Penn. | Hepburn, W.P. Iowa. |
| Browne, Thomas M. Ind. | Hitt, Robert R. Ills. |
| Butler, Benjamin F. Mass. | Julian, George W. Ind. |
| Caine, John T. Utah. | Kahn, Julius Cal. |
| Cannon, George Q. Utah. | Kasson, John A. Iowa. |
| Caswell, Lucien B. Iowa. | Minister to Germany. |
| Clapp, Moses E. Minn. | Kelley, Harrison B. Kan. |
| Coffeen, Henry Wy. | Kelley, William D. Penn. |
| Crump, Rousseau O. Mich. | Kerr, Daniel, Iowa. |
| Cumback, William Ind. | King, William H. Utah, |
| Curtis, Charles Kas. | Loring, George B. Mass. |
| Cutcheon, Byron M. Mich. | Loughridge, William Iowa. |
| Davis, John Kas. | Lucas, W. B. S.D. |
| Davis, Thomas R.I. | Maguire, James G. Cal. |
| Dingley, Nelson Me. | Martin, E. W. S.D. |
| Douglas, William H. N. Y. | McCall, Samuel Walker Mass. |
| Featherstone, L. P. Ark. | McCoid, Moses A. Iowa. |
| Fergusson, H. B. N. M. | Miers, Robert W. Ind. ​ |
| Milnes, Alfred Mich. | Shafroth, John F. Col. |
| Mondell, Frank W. Wy. | Simpson, Jerry Kas. |
| Morey, Henry L, Ohio. | Smith, Henry C. Mich. |
| Morse, Elijah Mass. | Smith, William Alden Mich. |
| Mott, Richard Ohio. | Steele, George W. Ind. |
| Neville, William Neb. | Struble, I. S. Iowa |
| Northway, S. A. Ohio. | Sulzer, William N. Y. |
| O'Donnell, James Mich. | Sutherland, George Utah. |
| Orth, Godlove S. Ind. | Taylor, Ezra B. Ohio. |
| Payne, Sereno E. N. Y. | Taylor, Robert W. Ohio. |
| Peelle, Stanton J. Ind. | Tongue, Thomas H. Ore. |
| Judge of the U.S. Court of Claims. | Topp, Robertson Tenn. |
| Peirce, R. B. F. Ind. | Van Voorhis, John N. Y. |
| Pence, Lafayette Col. | Col. Walker, James A. Va. |
| Pickler, J. A. S.D. | Walker, Joseph H. Mass. |
| Powers, Henry H. Vt. | Weadock, Thomas A. E. Mich. |
| Ranney, A. A. Mass. | White, John D. Ky. |
| Ray, George W. N. Y. | Wilson, Edgar Ida. |
| Riddle, Albert G. Ohio. | Woods, S. D. Cal. |
Governors Of States. (Incomplete list.)
| Governor | Adams, Col. | Governor | Hunt, Col. |
| " | Altgeld, Ills. | " | Hunt, Ida. |
| " | Ames, Mass. | " | Jewell, Conn. |
| " | Andrews, Conn. | " | U.S. Postmaster General. |
| " | Barber, Wy. | " | Jones, Nev. |
| " | Bates, Mass. | " | Knapp, Alaska. |
| " | Begole, Mich. | " | La Follette, Wis. |
| " | Bliss, Mich. | " | Long, Mass. |
| " | Brackett, Mass. | " | Sec'y of the Navy. |
| " | Budd, Cal. | " | Lord, Ore. |
| " | Burke, N.D. | " | Luce, Mich. |
| " | Butler, Mass. | " | McDonald, Ind. |
| " | Butler, Neb. | " | McIntire, Col. |
| " | Campbell, Wy. | " | Mellette, S.D. |
| " | Carpenter, Iowa. | " | Morrill, Kas. |
| " | Chamberlain, Ore. | " | Morton, Ind. |
| " | Claflin, Mass. | " | Murphy, Ariz. |
| " | Clough, Minn, | " | Newell, Wash. |
| " | Colcord, Nev. | " | Odell, N. Y. |
| " | Davis, R.I. | " | Osborn, Wy. |
| " | Fifer, Ills. | " | Pattison, Penn. |
| " | Folger, N. Y. | " | Pingree, Mich. |
| " | Sec'y of the Treasury. | " | Porter, Ind. |
| " | Fuller, Vt. | " | Rich, Mich. |
| " | Greenhalge, Mass. | " | Richards, Wy. |
| " | Hale, Wy. | " | Rickards, Mont. |
| " | Hoyt, Wy. | " | Rogers, Wash. |
| " | Hughes, Ariz. | " | Roosevelt, N. Y. |
| " | Humphrey, Kas. | " | Routt, Col. |
| Governor | Sadler, | Nev. |
| " | Saunders, | Nev. |
| " | Savage, | Nev. |
| " | Semple, | Wash. |
| " | Sprague, | R. I. |
| " | Squire, | Wash. |
| " | Steunenberg, | Ida. |
| " | St. John, | Kas. |
| " | Talbot, | Mass. |
| " | Thayer, | Wy. |
| " | Thomas, | Col. |
| " | Thomas, | Utah. |
| " | Van Sant, | Minn. |
| " | Vorhees, | N. J. |
| " | Waite, | Col. |
| " | Warren, | Wy. |
| " | Washburn, | Mass. |
| " | Wells, | Utah. |
| " | West, | Utah. |
| " | Winans, | Mich. |
| " | Yates, Sr., | Ills. |
| " | Young, | Utah. |
Presidents of Universities. (Incomplete list.)
| Andrews, E. Benjamin | Brown and Neb. |
| Aylesworth, Barton O. | Pres. Col Agr. Coll. |
| Baker, James H. | Colorado. |
| Bascom, John | Wisconsin. |
| Bashford, J. W. | Ohio Wesleyan. |
| Beardshear, Wm. | Iowa Agr. College. |
| Capen, Elmer F. | Tuft's College |
| Dickinson, Frances E. | Harvey Medical (Chicago) |
| Evans, J. G. | Hedding (Ills.). |
| Hale, Horace M. | Colorado. |
| Hawley, J. H. | Williamette (Ore.) |
| Gates, George A. | Iowa College. |
| Gunnison, Almon | St. Lawrence. |
| Gunsaulus, Frank W. | Armour Institute. |
| Henderson, L. F. | Idaho. |
| Herrick, C. L. | New Mexico. |
| Hill, Walter B. | Georgia. |
| Hurst, John F. | American University, D. C. |
| Irvina, Julia J. | Wellesley College. |
| Jordan, David Starr | Leland Stanford. |
| Kellogg, Martin V. | California. |
| Kingsbury, J. T. | Utah. |
| Knox, Martin Van Buren | Red River Valley, N. D. |
| Latimore, S. A. | Acting President Rochester. |
| Lyons, S. R. | Monmouth (Ills.). |
| MacLean, James | Idaho. |
| Marvin, James | Kansas. |
| Northrop, Cyrus W. | Minnesota |
| Palmer, Alice Freeman | Wellesley College. |
| Park, John R. | Utah. |
| Purnell, W. H. | Delaware College. |
| Rogers, Henry Wade | Northwestern. |
| Shafer, Helen A. | Wellesley College. |
| Sharpless, Isaac | Haverford College. |
| Slocum, W. F. | Colerado College. |
| Smiley, Elmer E. | Wyoming. |
| Snow, F. H. | Kansas. |
| Stephens, D. S. | Kansas City. |
| Sutliff, Phoebe I. | Rockford (Ills.). |
| Swain, Joseph | Indiana and Swarthmore. |
| Thomas, Martha Carey | Bryn Mawr College. |
| Thwing, Charles F. | Western Reserve. |
| Warren, William F. | Boston. |
| Washington, Booker T. | Tuskeegee Institute. |
| Wells, Daniel H. | Utah. |
| White, Andrew D. | Cornell. |
| Whitney, Orson F. | Utah. |
Clergymen.
| Archbishop | Ireland | Catholic. |
| Bishop | Bowman, Thomas | Meth. Epis. |
| " | Brooks, Phillips | Prot. Epis. |
| " | Hamilton, Jon Wm. | Meth. Epis. |
| " | Haven, Gilbert | " |
| " | Hurst, John F. | " |
| " | Huntington, Fred'k D. | Prot. Epis. |
| " | Joyce, Isaac W. | Meth. Epis. |
| " | McQuaid of Rochester | Catholic. |
| " | Moore, David H. | Meth. Epis. |
| " | Newman, John P. | " |
| Bishop | Potter, Henry C. | Prot Epis. |
| " | Sessums, Davis | " |
| " | Simpson, Matthew | Meth. Epis. |
| " | Spalding of Peoria | Catholic. |
| " | Turner, Henry McN. | Meth. Epis. |
| " | Walters, A. | " |
| " | Warren, Henry W. | " |
| Ames, Charles G. | Unit |
| Beecher, Henry Ward | Cong'l. |
| Boardman, George W. | Bapt. |
| Bristol, Frank M. | Meth. Epis |
| Chadwick, John W. | Unit. |
| Channing, William Henry | " |
| Cheever, George B. | Cong'l. |
| Clarke, James freeman | Unit. |
| Collyer, Robert | Unit. |
| Conway, Moncure D. | " |
| Cook, Joseph | Presb. |
| Dalton, W. J. | Catholic |
| Duryea, Joseph T. | Cong'l. |
| Eaton, Charles H. | Univ. |
| Eggleston, Edward (author) | Meth. Epis. |
| Foss, Herbert | " |
| Gannet, William C. | Unit. |
| Gladden, Washington | Cong'l |
| Gottheil, Rabbi Gustave. |
| Gregg, David | Presb. |
| Hall, Frank O. | Univ. |
| Hillis, Newell Dwight | Congl'. |
| Hinckley, Frederick A. | Unit. |
| Jones, Jenkyn Lloyd | " |
| Kent, Alexander | Liberal. |
| King, Thomas Starr | Unit. |
| Longfellow, Samuel | " |
| Lorimer, George C. | Bapt. |
| May, Samuel J. | Unit. |
| McGlynn, Edward | Cath. |
| Mills, B. Fay | Evang. |
| Moody, Dwight L. | " |
| Newton, Heber | Epis. |
| Parker, Theodore | Unit. |
| Perin, Goerge H. Univ. |
| Pierpont, John | Unit. |
| Pullman, James M. | Univ. |
| Rainsford, M. S. | Epis. |
| Reed, Myron W. | Liberal. |
| Savage, Minot J. | Unit. |
| Scully, Thomas | Cath. |
| Shippen, Rush | Unit. |
| Swing, David | Liberal. |
| Thomas, Hiram W. | " |
| Tyng, Stephen H. | Epis |
Women Ministers.
| Blackwell, Antoinette Brown | Unit. |
| Booth, Maud Ballington | Vols. of Am. |
| Brown, Olympia | Univ. |
| Buck, Florence | Unit. |
| Chapin, Augusta, D. D. | Univ. |
| Crane, Caroline Bartlett | Unit. |
| Crooker, Florence Kollock | Univ. |
| Deyo, Amanda | " |
| Eastman, Annis F. | Cong'l. |
| Hanaford, Phebe A. | Univ. |
| Hultin, Ida C. | Unit |
| Moore, Henrietta G. | Univ. |
| Murdock, Marian | Unit. |
| Safford, Mary J. | " |
| Shaw, Anna Howard | Prot. Meth. |
| Spencer, Anna Garlin | Liberal. |
| Tucker, Emma Booth | Salv. Army. |
| Withney, Mary Traffern | Unit. |
| Wilkes, Eliza Tupper | " |
| Wooley, Celia P. | " |
Englisch Clergymen.
| Archibishop | of Canterbury | 1901 |
| " | of York | " |
| Archdeacon | of Manchester. |
| Bishop | of Edinburgh | 1895 |
| " | of Exeter | " |
| " | of Hereford | " |
| " | of London | " |
| " | of Southwell | " |
| Canon | Charles Kingsley of Westmin'r |
| " | Wilberforce of Westmin'r. |
| Archbishop | Cardinal Vaughn | Cath. |
| Archbishop | Moran of Australia |
| Archbishop | Nozaleda of the Philippines | Cath. |
| Hugh Price Hughes. |
| James Martineau, D. D. |
| Most Rev. | Gordon Cowie, Bishop of Auckland and Primate of new Zealand |
| Newman Hall, LL. B., D. D. |
American Men.
| Alcott, A. Bronson. |
| Atkinson, Edward. |
| Bidwell, Gen. John. |
| Bigelow, John, | Minister to France |
| Birney, James G. |
| Blackwell, Henry B. |
| Booth, Judge Henry, | Dean Union Col. of Law, Chicago |
| Bowles, Samuel. |
| Bradwell, Judge James B. |
| Brooks, John Graham, | Pres. National Consumer's League. |
| Bryant, William Cullen. |
| Burdette, Robert J. |
| Cable, George W. |
| Childs, George W. |
| Clark, Francis E., | Pres. National Christian Endeavor. |
| Clemens, Samuel R. (Mark Twain) |
| Curtis, George William. |
| Debs, Eugene V. |
| Dole, Sanford B., | Governor of Hawaii |
| Donnelly, Ignatius. |
| Douglass, Frederick. |
| Dow, Neal. |
| Emerson, Ralph Wald |
| Field, Eugene. |
| Fields, James T. |
| Fisk, Clinton B. |
| Ford, Paul Leicester. |
| Forney, John W. |
| Foss, Sam Walter. |
| Foulke, William Dudley. |
| Garrison, William Lloyd, Sr. and Jr. |
| Gompers, Samuel. |
| Griggs, Edward Howard. |
| Hale, Gen. Irving. |
| Harris, William T., | U. S. Commissioner of Education |
| Hattan, Frank, | U. S. Postmaster-General. |
| Higginson, Thomas Wentworth. |
| Hooker, John. |
| Howe, Dr. Samuel G. |
| Howells, Wiliam Dean. |
| Hurd, Judge Harvey B., | Dean Northwestern Univ. Law Col. |
| Husted, James W., | Speaker of new York Legislature. |
| Hutchinson, John |
| Ingersoll, Robert G. |
| Jackson, Francis. |
| Jackson, James C., | Dansville Sanitorium |
| Johnson, Thomas L. |
| Jones, Samuel M. | Mayor of Toledo, O. |
| Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth. |
| McCulloch, Hugh, | Secretary of the Treasury. |
| Miles, Nelson A., | Lieutenant-Genral U. S. A. |
| Morton, J. Sterling, | Secretary of Agriculture. |
| Nye, Edgar Wilson (Bill). |
| Owen, Robert Dale. |
| Phillips, Wendell. |
| Pillsbury, Parker. |
| Powderly, Terence V. |
| Purvis, Robert. |
| Quincy, Josiah. |
| Ridpath, John Clark. |
| Rogers, Nathaniel P. |
| Sage, Rusell. |
| Sargent, Frank P., | Com'r of Immmigration |
| Saxton, Gen. Rufus. |
| Smith, Gerrit. |
| Tilton, Theodore. |
| Tourgeé, Albion W. |
| Tyler, Moses Coit. |
| Ward, Lester F., | Smithsonian Institute |
| Washington, Booker T. |
| Whittier, John G. |
| Woolley, John G. |
| Wright, Carroll D., | Pres. U. S. Labor Commission. |
American Women
| Addams, Jane, | Hull House, Chicago. |
| Alcott, Louisa M. |
| Alden, Cynthia Westover, | Pres. Int’l Sunshine Society. |
| Anthony, Susan B., |
| Avery, Rachel Foster, | Sec’y Nat’l Suff. Ass’n, 21 years. |
| Barrows, Isabel C. |
| Barry (Lake), Leonora M., | Grand Organizer Knights of Labor. |
| Barton, Clara, | Pres. American Red Cross Ass'n. |
| Blackwell, Alice Stone, | Editor of The Woman’s Journal. |
| Blackwell, Dr. Elizabeth, |
| Blackwell, Dr. Emily, | Founders of Woman’s Medical College of New York Infirmary. |
| Blake, Lillie Devereux, | Pres. Nat’l Legislative League. |
| Booth, Mary L., | Editor of Harper's Bazar. |
| Bradwell, Myra, | Founder and editor of Legal News. |
| Byrd, Mary E., | Director Smith Coll. Observatory. |
| Campbell, Helen. |
| Carr, Mary L., | Ex-President W. R. C. |
| Cary, Alice. |
| Cary, Phoebe. |
| Catt, Carrie Chapman, | Pres. Nat’l Wom. Suff. Ass’n. |
| Child, Lydia Maria. |
| Clay, Laura, | Aud. Nat’l Wom. Suff. Ass’n. |
| Clemmer, Mary. |
| Colby, Clara B., | Editor of The Woman’s Tribune. |
| Cooper, Sarah B., | Pres. Golden Gate Kinder. Ass’n. |
| Crowe, Martha Foote, | Dean Northwestern University. |
| Decker, Sarah Platt. |
| Demorest, Mme. Louise, | Editor Demorest’s Magazine. |
| Diaz, Abby Morton. |
| Dickinson, Anna E. |
| Dickinson, Mary Lowe, | Hon. Pres. Nat. Council of Women. |
| Diggs, Annie L., | State Librarian, Kansas. |
| Edson, Susan A., | Physician to Garfield. |
| Fairbanks, Cornelia C., | Pres. Gen. Daughters Am. Rev. |
| Field, Kate. |
| Field, Martha R. (Catherine Cole), | Ex-Pres. Wom. Int'l Press Ass’n. |
| Fletcher, Alice, | Special Indian Agent (Harv. Univ.) |
| Foster, J. Ellen, | Pres. Nat'l Wom. Rep. Ass'n. |
| Gage, Matilda Joslyn. |
| Gardiner, Helen H. |
| Garrett, Mary E. |
| Gibbons, Abby Hopper, | Pres. Woman’s Prison Ass'n. |
| Gougar, Helen M. |
| Grannis, Elizabeth B., | Pres. Nat’l Social Purity League. |
| Guiney, Louise Imogen. |
| Hall, Florence Howe. |
| Harbert, Elizabeth Boynton. |
| Haskell, Ella Knowles, | Ass’t Att’y-Gen. of Montana. |
| Helmuth, Mrs. William Tod, | Pres. Nat’l Council of Women. |
| Henrotin, Ellen M., | Ex-Pres. Gen. Fed. of Clubs. |
| Holley, Marietta, | (Josiah Allen’s Wife). |
| Hollister, Lillian M., | Sup. Com. Ladies of Maccabees. |
| Hooker, Isabella Beecher. |
| Hosmer, Harriet. |
| Howe, Julia Ward. |
| Jacobi, Dr. Mary Putnam. |
| Kelley, Florence, | Ex-Chief State Factory Insp., Ills. |
| Krout, Mary H. |
| Leslie, Mrs. Frank. |
| Lippincott, Sarah J., (Grace Greenwood). |
| Livermore, Mary A. |
| Lockwood, Mary S., | Editor Am. Mag. (D. A. R.). |
| Logan, Olive. |
| Lowell, Josephine Shaw, | Pres. Wom. Munic. L., New York. |
| Lozier, Dr. Clemence, | Founder Woman’s Homeopathic College, New York. |
| Marshall, Dr. Clara, | Dean Wom. Med. Coll., Phila. |
| McCulloch, Catharine Waugh. |
| McGee, Dr. Anita Newcomb, | Ass’t Surgeon U. S. A. in Spanish-American War. |
| Miller, Flo Jamison, | Ex-Pres. Woman’s Relief Corps. |
| Mitchell, Maria. |
| Mussey, Ellen Spencer, | Dean Woman’s Law College, Washington, D. C. |
| Nathan, Mrs. Frederick, | Pres. N. Y. Consumers’ League. |
| Palmer, Bertha Honoré, | Pres. Board Lady Managers, World’s Fair. |
| Parton, Mrs. James (Fanny Fern). |
| Patton, Abby Hutchinson. |
| Paul, A. Emmagene, | Sup’t of Street Cleaning Dep’t, 1st Ward, Chicago. |
| Peabody, Elizabeth, | Educator and philanthropist. |
| Preston, Dr. Ann, | Dean of Med. Coll. and founder of Wom. Hosp., Philadelphia. |
| Sewall, May Wright, | Pres. Int’l Council of Women. |
| Seymour, Mary F., | Ed. of Business Woman's Journal. |
| Smith, Dr. Julia Holmes, | Dean Nat’l Med. Coll., Chicago. |
| Solomon, Hannah G., | Pres. Nat’l Council of Jewish Wom. |
| Southworth, Mrs. E. D. E. N. |
| Spofford, Harriet Prescott. |
| Stanford, Jane Lathrop (Leland). |
| Stanton, Elizabeth Cady. |
| Stetson, Charlotte Perkins. |
| Stevens, Lillian M. N., | Pres. National W. C. T. U. |
| Stevenson, Dr. Sarah Hackett. |
| Stockham, Dr. Alice B. |
| Stone, Lucinda Hinsdale. |
| Stone, Lucy. |
| Stowe, Harriet Beecher. |
| Taylor, Elmina Shepard, | Pres. Young Woman’s Nat'l Improvement Ass’n. |
| Terrill, Mary Church, | Pres. Nat’l Ass’n of Col. Wom. |
| Upton, Harriet Taylor, | Treas. Nat'l Wom. Suff. Ass’n. |
| Wallace, Mrs. Lew. |
| Wallace, Zerelda G. |
| Ward, Elizabeth Stuart Phelps. |
| Wells, Emmeline B. |
| Wells, Ida B. |
| White, Sallie Joy, | Ex.-Pres. N. E. Wom. Press Ass'n. |
| Whiting, Lilian. |
| Whitney, Anne, Sculptor. |
| Willard, Frances E. |
| Willing, Jennie Fowler. |
| Winslow, Dr. Caroline B. |
| Winslow, Helen M., | Editor of Club Woman. |
| Young, Zina D. H., | Pres. Nat’l Woman’s Relief Ass'n. |
| Zakrzewska, Dr. Marie E., | Founder New Eng. Hospital for Women and Children. |
Great Britain.
| Aberdeen, Countess of, | Vice-President-at-Large International Council of Women. |
| Aberdeen, Earl of, | Gov.-Gen. of Canada. |
| Anderson, Mrs. Garrett, M. D. |
| Balfour, A. J., | Prime Minister. |
| Balfour, Lady Frances. |
| Battersea, Lady. |
| Becker, Lydia. | Editor Women’s Suffrage Journal. |
| Begg, Faithfull, | M. P. |
| Benson | (Archbishop of Canterbury), Mrs. |
| Besant, Annie. |
| Besant, Walter. |
| Biggs, Caroline Ashurst, |
| Blackburn, Helen | Editors Englishwoman's Review. |
| Blake, Dr. Sophia Jex. |
| Blatch, Harriet Stanton |
| Bright, Mr. and Mrs. Jacob |
| Browning, Elizabeth Barrett. |
| Butler Josephine E., | Pres. Social Purity League. |
| Carlisle, Lady, | Pres. Woman's Liberal Federation. |
| Chant, Laura Ormiston. |
| Cobbe, Frances Power. |
| Cobden, Richard. |
| Coleridge, | Lord Chief Justice. |
| Courtney, Leonard H., | M. P. |
| Crawford, Emily. |
| Davies, Emily, | Mistress of Girton. |
| D'Israeli, Benjamin, | Prime Minister. |
| Edwards, Amelia B. |
| Fawcett, Henry, | M. P. and Postmaster-General. |
| Fawcett, Mrs. Millicent Garret, | Pres. Wom. Suff. Assn' Great Brit. |
| Fry, Elizabeth. |
| Glenesk, Lord. |
| Grey, Sir George, | K. C. B. |
| Harberton, Lady. |
| Haslem, Anna Maria. | (Ireland.) |
| Huxley, Thomas H. |
| Lucas, Margaret Bright. |
| Martineau, Harriet. |
| McLaren, Duncan, | M. P. |
| McLaren, Mrs. Priscilla Bright. |
| Mill, John Start, Mr. and Mrs. |
| Nightingale, Florence. |
| Proctor, Adelaide A. |
| Ritchie, Anne Thackeray. |
| Rollit, Sir Albert, | Earl of Selborne. |
| Salisbury, Marquis of. | Prime Minister |
| Selborne, Earl of. |
| Sidgwick, Mrs. Henry, | Princ. of Newnham |
| Somerset, Lady Henry, | Pres. World's W. C. T. U. |
| Somerville, Mary, | Astronomer. |
| Stead, Wm. T. |
| Tallon, Daniel. | Lord Mayor of Dublin. |
| Taylor, Peter A., | M. P., and Mrs. |
| Thomson | (Archbish. of York), Mrs. |
| Todd, Isabelle M. S. | (Ireland). |
| Unwin, Jane Cobden. |
| Wigham, Eliza. |
| Wollstonecraft, Mary, | Author of Rights of Women (1792). |
| Woodall, William, | M. P. |
| Wyndham, Hon. George |
France.
* Dumas, Alexandre (fils).
* Hugo, Victor.
Australia.
| Barton, Edmund, | Premier |
| Cockburn, Sir John, | K. C. W. G., |
| Kingston, Hon. C. C., | Premier S. Aus. |
| Lyne, Sir William, | Premier N. S. W. |
| Onslow, Layd |
| Parkes, Sir Henry, | Premier N. S. W. |
| Reid, Sir G. H. | Premier N. S. W. |
| Turner, Sir George, | Premier Victoria. |
| Windeyer, Lady |
New Zealand.
| Hall, Sir John. |
| Seddon, H. J., | Premier |
| Stout, Sir Robert, | Premier |
| Vogel, Sir Julius, | Colonial Treas. |
Canada.
South Africa.
Schreiner, Olive.
TESTIMONY FROM WOMAN SUFFRAGE STATES.
No attempt is made to give here the mass of testimony which is easily available from the States where women vote, but only enough is presented to show its nature and the character of those who offer it. In the four States where women have exercised the full franchise for from six to thirty-three years, not half a dozen reputable persons have said over their own names that any of the evils which were so freely predicted have come to pass or that its effect upon men, women or the community has been other than good. The small amount of criticism which has been openly made has been anonymous or from those whose word was entitled to no weight. There is not another public question on which the testimony is so uniformly one-sided, and similar evidence on any other would be accepted as sufficiently conclusive to demand a unanimous verdict in its favor.
In 1901 Amos R. Wells, editor of the Christian Endeavor World, wrote to twenty-five ministers of several different denominations, choosing their names at random among his subscribers in the equal suffrage States, and asking them whether equal suffrage was working well, fairly well or badly. One answered that it worked badly, three that it worked fairly well, and the twenty-one others were all positive and explicit in saying that it worked well. One point upon which they laid stress was the increased intelligence and breadth of mind of the women, and the good influence of this upon their children. Mr. Wells said in summing up: "Woman suffrage makes elections more expensive, but it is a grand school for the mothers of the republic."
Colorado.
In 1898, in answer to the continued misrepresentations of the Eastern press, the friends of woman suffrage issued the following:
We, citizens of the State! of Colorado, desire, as lovers of truth and justice, to give our testimony to the value of equal suffrage. We believe that the 'greatest good of the home, the State and the nation is advanced through the operation of equal suffrage. The evils predicted have not come to pass. The benefits claimed for it have been secured, or are in progress of development A very large proportion of Colorado women have conscientiously accepted their responsibility as citizens. In 1894 more than half the total vote for Governor was cast by women. Between 85 and 90 per cent of the women of the State voted at that time. The exact vote of the last election has not yet been estimated, but there is reason to believe that the proportional vote of women was as large as in previous years. The vote of good women like that of good men, is involved in the evils resulting from the abuse of our present political system; but the vote of women is noticeably more conscientious than that of men, and will be an important factor m bringing about a better order.
​This was signed by the governor, three ex-governors, both senators, both members of Congress and ex-senators, the chief justice and two associate justices of the supreme court, three judges of the court of appeals, four judges of the district court, the secretary of State, the State treasurer, State auditor, attorney-general, the mayor of Denver, the president of the State University, the president of Colorado College, the representative of the General Federation of Women's Clubs, the vice-regent of the Mount Vernon Association, and the presidents of thirteen women's clubs.
I am confident that recognition of woman suffrage in the constitution of proposed States will not in any way hinder, delay or endanger their admission. That question is one belonging to the State and not to the general government, and the opponents of woman suffrage will not, I am sure, deny to the new States the right to settle that question for themselves.
Henry M. Teller (Rep.), "U. S. Senator." (1889.)
Instead of rough or vicious men, or even drunken men, treating women with disrespect, the presence of a single good woman at the polls seems to make the whole crowd of men as respectful and quiet as at the theater or church. For the credit of American men be it said that the presence of one woman or girl at the polls, the wife or daughter of the humblest mechanic, has as good an effect on the crowd as the presence of the grandest dame or the most fashionable belle. The American woman is clearly as much of a queen at the polls, in her own bearing and the deference paid her, as in the drawing-room or at the opera. I feel more pride than ever in American manhood and American womanhood since seeing these gatherings on Tuesday, where men and women of all classes and conditions met in their own neighborhood to perform with duty and dignity the selection of their own rulers, and to give their approval to the principles to guide such officials when chosen. No woman was less in dignity and sweetness of womanhood after such participation in public duties, and I do not believe there is a man of sensibility in Colorado to-day who does not love his wife, daughter, sister or mother the more for the womanly and gracious manner in which she helped so loyally and intelligently in this election.
Indeed, Colorado in this election has left very little of good argument for its sincere opponents to urge against suffrage. So nearly all of everything having any good sense in it has been disproved here, that the opposition is left with very few weapons in its armory, and all of them weak.
James S. Clarkson (Rep.), U. S. Ass't P. M. General.(1894.)
When the question was submitted in Colorado, I supported and voted for the proposition as a matter of abstract right; as every fair man must admit, when the question comes to him, that a woman has the same right of suffrage as a man. In advocating suffrage you need no platform but right and justize; those who will not accept it upon that ground would not be persuaded though one rose from the dead. I will add, however, that even the most virulent enemy of woman suffrage can not prove that any harm has come from the experiment. The test in Colorado is still too new to expect ​a unanimous verdict, yet all fair-minded observers are justified in predicting a higher standard of morals and of political life as a result of woman suffrage.
Alva Adams (Dem.), "Governor". (1868.)
I supported the cause of woman suffrage, not because I thought it would work the political regeneration of the country, but because I believed it was a woman's due to vote, if she desired to do so. I have also said, and I reiterate, that the enfranchisement of Colorado women has in many ways benefited the State, that it was a decided advance, and that I trusted that other States, in emulation of our example, would soon give the right to women throughout the land.
Charles S. Thomas (Dem.), "Governor." (1899.)
There is not a political party in the State that will ever dare to insert in its platform an anti-suffrage plank; for it must not be forgotten that upon this question the voting power of the women would equal that of the men. It is no more likely that the women of Colorado will ever be disfranchised than that the men will be.
Horace M. Hale, "former President State University." (1901.)
Few are so unjust or bold as to argue seriously against the abstract right of women to vote; and experience in Colorado and other Western States has done much to dispel the various theoretical and sentimental objections that have been raised against the extension of this manifest right.
The largest majorities for woman suffrage were given in the most intelligent cities, and in the best precincts of each city, while the heavy majorities against it were in the precincts controlled by the debased and lawless classes, and the lowest grade of machine politicians, who rely on herding the depraved vote — showing that these elements dreaded the effect of woman suffrage, and realized the falsity of the argument that it would increase the immoral and controllable vote.
So far as I have been able to judge by observation of elections and analysis of returns, more women vote in the better districts than in the slums, and the proportion of intelligent and refined voters to the ignorant and depraved is larger among women than among men. The average result, therefore, has been beneficial.
No true, refined woman is any less womanly for studying questions of public interest and expressing her opinions thereon by means of the ballot. .... The general effect has been decidedly beneficial. Especially does it act as a governor on the political machines of all parties to regulate the character of nominees and platforms.
Woman suffrage is accepted as an established fact, and is very little discussed. I certainly have no reason to think that the general sentiment in its favor has decreased, or that the measure would fail to pass with as large or a larger majority than before, if again submitted to the vote of either the men or women of the State. I have no hesitation whatever in stating as my own positive conviction that woman suffrage is both right and beneficial, and that it should not and never will be repealed in Colorado.
Irvine Hale (of Col.), "General in the Army of the Philippines." (1902.)
​It is said that equal suffrage would make family discord. In Colorado our divorce laws are rather easy, though stricter than in the neighboring States, but since 1893, when suffrage was granted, I have never heard of a case where political differences were alleged as a cause for divorce or as the provoking cause of family discord. Equal suffrage, in my judgment, broadens the minds of both men and women. It has certainly given us in Colorado candidates of better character and a higher class of officials. It is very true that husband and wife frequently vote alike — as the magnet draws the needle they go to the polls together. But women are not coerced. If a man were known to coerce his wife's vote I believe he would be ridden out of town on a rail with a coat of tar and feathers. Women's legal rights have been improved in Colorado since they obtained the ballot, and there are now no civil distinctions. Equal suffrage tends to make political affairs better, purer and more desirable for all who take part in them.
Thomas M. Patterson (Dem.), U. S. Senator. (1902.)
Idaho.
It gives me pleasure to say briefly that the extension of the franchise 40 the women of Idaho has positively purified its politics. It has compelled not only State conventions, but, more particularly, county conventions, of both parties, to select the cleanest and best material for public office Many conventions have turned down their strongest local politicians for the simple reason that their moral habits were such that the women would unite against them, regardless of politics. It has also taken politics out of the saloon to a great extent, and has elevated local politics especially to higher plane. Every woman is interested in good government, in good officers, in the utmost economy of administration, and a low rate of taxation
Frank W. Hunt (Dem.), Governor. (1900.)
Woman suffrage has been in operation in Idaho for over four years and there have been no alarming or disastrous results. I think most people in the State, looking over the past objections to the extension of the right of suffrage, are now somewhat surprised that any were ever made. As to advantages — it is, as in all matters of this kind, difficult to measure them exactly, because the benefit is largely indirect. I think, however, that it has exercised a good and considerable influence over conventions, resulting in the nomination of better men for office, and that it has been of considerable weight in securing the enactment of good laws.
S. H. Hays (Fus.), Ex-Attorney-General. (1901.)
The adoption of equal suffrage has resulted in much good in Idaho. The system is working well, and the best result therefrom is the selection for public positions, State, county and municipal. Our politics in the past has been manipulated by political adventurers, more or less, without regard to the best interests of the people, but principally in the interests of a small coterie of politicians of the different parties, who have depended upon the public treasury for subsistence. The participation of our women in ​the conventions of our various political parties and in elections has a tendency to relegate the professional politicians, at least the worst element, and bring forth in their stead a better class of people. This tendency is of vast importance to the State. It compels leaders of political parties to be more careful in the selection of candidates for different offices of trust and profit.
Ralph P. Quarles, "Justice of the Supreme Court." (1902.)
The Chief Justice and all the Judges of the Supreme Court have published a statement saying in part: "Woman suffrage in this State is a success; none of the evils predicted have come to pass, and it has gained much in popularity since its adoption by our people."
Utah.
The lawmakers seem to be afraid of enfranchising women because of the deteriorating effect which politics might have on womankind. If this be true let the experience of Utah speak. For six years women in this State have had the right to vote and hold office. Have the wheels of progress stopped? Instead we have bounded forward with seven-league boots. Have the fears and predictions of the local opponents of woman suffrage been verified? Have women degenerated into low politicians, neglecting their homes and stifling the noblest emotions of womanhood? On the contrary women are respected quite as much as they were before Statehood; loved as rapturously as ever, and are led to the altar with the same beatific strains of music and the same unspeakable joy that invested ceremonials before their enfranchisement.
The plain facts are that in this State the influence of woman in politics has been distinctly elevating. In the primary, in the convention and at the polls her very presence inspires respect for law and order. Few men are so base that they will not be gentlemen in the presence of ladies. Experience has shown that women have voted their intelligent convictions. They understand the questions at issue and they vote conscientiously and fearlessly. While we do not claim to have the purest politics in the world in Utah, it will be readily conceded that the woman-vote is a terror to evildoers, and our course is, therefore, upward and onward.
One of the bugaboos of the opposition was that women would be compelled to sit on juries. Not a single instance of the kind has happened in the State, for the reason that women are never summoned; the law simply exempts them, but does not exclude them. Another favorite idiocy of the anti-suffragists is that if the women vote they ought to be compelled to fight. In the same manner the law exempts them from military service.
For one I am proud of Utah's record in dealing with her female citizens. I take the same pride in it that a good husband would who had treated his wife well, and I look forward with eager hope to the day when woman suffrage shall become universal.
Heber M. Wells (Rep.),"Governor." (1902.)
​There is literally no end to the favorable testimony from Utah, given by Mormons and Gentiles alike.
Wyoming.
Gov. John A. Campbell was in office when the woman suffrage law was passed. In 1871 he said in his message to the Territorial Legislature:
There is upon our statute book "an Act granting to the women of Wyoming Territory the right of suffrage," which has now been in force two years. It is simple justice to say that the women entering, for the first time in the history of the country, upon these new and untried duties, have conducted themselves in every respect with as much tact, sound judgment, and good sense, as men.
In 1873 he said: "Two years more of observation of the practical working of the system have only served to deepen my conviction that what we, in this Territory, have done, has been well done; and that our system of impartial suffrage is an unqualified success."
Governor Thayer, who succeeded Campbell, said in his message:
Woman suffrage has now been in practical operation in our Territory for six years, and has, during the time, increased in popularity and in the confidence of the people. In my judgment the results have been beneficial, and its influence favorable to the best interests of the community.
Governor Hoyt, who succeeded Thayer, said in 1882:
Under woman suffrage we have better laws, better officers, better institutions, better morals, and a higher social condition in general, than could otherwise exist. Not one of the predicted evils, such as loss of native delicacy and disturbance of home relations, has followed in its train.
Later he said in a public address: "The great body of our women, and the best of them, have accepted the elective franchise as a precious boon and exercise it as a patriotic duty — in a word, after many years of happy experience, woman suffrage is so thoroughly rooted and established in the minds and hearts of the people that, among them all, no voice is ever uplifted in protest against or in question of it."
Governor Hale, who was next in this office, expressed himself repeatedly to the same effect.
Governor Warren, who succeeded Hale, said in a letter to Horace G. Wadlin, Esq., of the Massachusetts House of Representatives, in 1885:
Our women consider much more carefully than our men the character of candidates, and both political parties have found themselves obliged to nominate their best men in order to obtain the support of the women. As a business man, as a city, county, and territorial officer, and now as Governor of Wyoming Territory, I have seen much of the workings of woman suffrage, but I have yet to hear of the first case of domestic discord growing out of it. Our women nearly all vote, and since in Wyoming as elsewhere the majority of women are good and not bad, the result is good and not evil.
Territorial Governors are appointed, not elected. As U. S. Senator, Mr. Warren has up to the present time (1902) repeatedly given similar testimony. In various chapters of the present volume may be found the strong approval of ex-U. S. Senator Joseph M. Carey.
​Most of these Governors were Republicans. Hon. N. L. Andrews (Democrat), Speaker of the Wyoming House of Representatives, said in 1879:
I came to this Territory in the fall of 1871, with the strongest prejudice possible against woman suffrage. The more I have seen of it, the less my objections have been realized, and the more it has commended itself to my judgment and good opinion. Under all my observations it has worked well, and has been productive of much good. The women use the ballot with more independence and discrimination in regard to the qualifications of candidates than men do. If the ballot in the hand of woman compels political parties to place their best men in nomination, this, in and of itself, is a sufficient reason for sustaining woman suffrage.
Ex-Chief Justice Fisher, of Cheyenne, said in 1883:
I wish I could show the people who are so wonderfully exercised on the subject of female suffrage just how it works. The women watch the nominating conventions, and if the Republicans put a bad man on their ticket and the Democrats a good one, the Republican women do not hesitate a moment in scratching off the bad and substituting the good. It is just so with the Democratic women. I have seen the effects of female suffrage, and instead of being a means of encouragment to fraud and corruption, it tends greatly to purify elections and give better government.
In 1884 Attorney-General M. C. Brown said in a public letter:
My prejudices were formerly all against woman suffrage, but they have gradually given way since it became an established fact in Wyoming. My observation, extending over a period of fifteen years, satisfies me of its entire justice and propriety. Impartial observation has also satisfied me that in the use of the ballot women exercise fully as good judgment as men, and in some particulars are more discriminating, as, for instance, on questions of morals.
At another time he said:
​The Hon. John W. Kingman, for four years a Judge of the U. S. Supreme Court of Wyoming, says:
Woman suffrage was inaugurated in 1869 without much discussion, and without any general movement of men or women in its favor. At that time few women voted. At each election since, they have voted in larger numbers, and now nearly all go to the polls. Our women do not attend the caucuses in any considerable numbers, but they generally take an interest in the selection of candidates, and it is very common, in considering the availability of an aspirant for office, to ask, 'How does he stand with the ladies?' Frequently the men set aside certain applicants for office, because their characters would not stand the criticism of women. The women manifest a great deal of independence in their preference for candidates, and have frequently defeated bad nominations. Our best and most cultivated women vote, and vote understandingly and independently, and they can not be bought with whiskey or blinded by party prejudice. They are making themselves felt at the polls, as they do everywhere else in society, by a quiet but effectual discountenancing of the bad, and a helping hand for the good and the true. We have had no trouble from the presence of bad women at the polls. It has been said that the delicate and cultured women would shrink away, and the bold and indelicate come to the front, in public affairs. This we feared; but nothing of the kind has happened. I do not believe that suffrage causes women to neglect their domestic affairs. Certainly, such has not been the case in Wyoming, and I never heard a man complain that his wife was less interested in domestic economy because she had the right to vote and took an interest in making the community respectable. The opposition to woman suffrage at first was pretty bitter. To-day I do not think you could get a dozen respectable men in any locality to oppose it.
In 1895 U. S. Senator Clarence D. Clark wrote as follows to the Constitutional Convention of Utah which was considering a woman suffrage plank:
So far as the operation of the law in this State is concerned, we were so well satisfied, with twenty years' experience under the Territorial government, that it went into our constitution with but one dissenting vote, although many thought that such a section might result in its rejection by Congress. If it does nothing else it fulfils the theory of a true representative government, and in this State, at least, has resulted in none of the evils prophesied. It has not been the fruitful source of family disagreements feared. It has not lowered womanhood. Women do generally take advantage of the right to vote, and vote intelligently. It has been years since we have had trouble at the polls—quiet and order, in my opinion, being due to two causes, the presence of women and our efficient election laws. One important feature I might mention, and that is, in view of the woman vote, no party dare nominate notoriously immoral men, for fear of defeat by that vote. Regarding the adoption of the system in other States I see no reason why its operation should not be generally the same elsewhere as it is with us. It is surely true that after many years' experience, Wyoming would not be content to return to the old limits, as, in our opinion, the absence of ill results is conclusive proof of the wisdom of the proposition.
In 1896 the Hon. H. V. S. Groesbeck, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, thus summed up the results of twenty-seven years' experience:
2. It has tended to secure good nominations for the public offices. The women as a class will not knowingly vote for incompetent, immoral or inefficient candidates.
3. It has tended to make the women self-reliant and independent, and to turn their attention to the study of the science of government — an education that is needed by the mothers of the race.
4. It has made our elections quiet and orderly. No rudeness, brawling or disorder appears or would be tolerated at the polling booths. There is no more difficulty or indelicacy in depositing a ballot in the urn than in dropping a letter in the post office.
5. It has not marred domestic harmony. Husband and wife frequently vote opposing tickets without disturbing the peace of the home. Divorces are not as frequent here as in other communities, even taking into consideration our small population. Many applicants for divorces are from those who have a husband or wife elsewhere, and the number of divorces granted for causes arising in this State are comparatively few.
6. It has not resulted in unsexing women. They have not been office-seekers. Women are generally selected for county superintendents of the schools — offices for which they seem particularly adapted, but they have not been applicants for other positions.
In 1902 Justice Corn, of the State Supreme Court, made the following public statement:
Woman suffrage has no injurious effect upon the home or the family that I have ever heard of during the twelve years I have resided in the State. It does not take so much of women's time as to interfere with their domestic duties, or with their church or charitable work. It does not impair their womanliness or make them less satisfactory as wives and mothers. They do not have less influence, or enjoy less respect and consideration socially. My impression is that they read the daily papers and inform themselves upon public questions much more generally than women elsewhere. Woman suffrage has had the effect almost entirely to exclude notoriously bad or immoral men from public office in the State. Parties refuse to nominate such men upon the distinct ground that they can not obtain the women's vote. . '; The natural result of such conditions is to increase the respect in which women are held, and not to diminish it. They are a more important factor in affairs, and therefore more regarded. It is generally conceded, 1 think, that women have a higher standard of morality and right living than men. And, as they have a say in public matters, it has a tendency to make men respect their standard, and in some degree attempt to attain
In 1889, after women in Wyoming had very generally exercised the full suffrage since 1869, Mrs. Clara B. Colby, editor of the Woman's Tribune, Washington, D. C., compiled a report from the census statistics. Those relating to crime, insanity and divorce were as follows:
There were 189,503 insane in the United States, but there were but three insane persons in Wyoming in 1880, all men. The preponderance of insanity among married women is usually attributed to the monotony of their lives, and since this is much relieved by their participation in politics we should naturally expect to find, as a physical effect, a decreased proportion of insane women where woman suffrage prevails.
From 1870 to 1880 the rate of divorce increased in the United States 79.4 per cent., three times the ratio of the increase of population, and in the group of Western States, omitting Wyoming, it increased 436.7 per cent., almost four times the average increase of population, while in Wyoming the average increase in divorce was less than 50 per cent. of that of the population.
Woman suffrage may have played no part in these statistics, but if they had shown an increase of crime, insanity and divorce, it certainly would have been held responsible by the world at large.
NEW YORK.
The History is indebted to Atorney-General John C. Davies for most of the information on School Suffrage contained in the New York chapter, and also for the opinion which follows herewith on the right of women in that State to hold office.
A similar provision in reference to union free schools, that "No person shall be eligible to hold any school district office in any union free school district unless he or she is a qualified voter in such district and is able to read and write," permits women to hold office as members of the board of education and other district offices.
Aside from Chapter 214 of the Laws of 1892, which has been held to be unconstitutional, I know of no provision of law extending school suffrage to women in cities, except that charters of certain third class cities have extended to women tax-payers the right to vote upon a proposition involving the raising of a tax.
By the Public Officers' Law, Chap. 681 of the Laws of 1892, Section 3, it is provided that "No person shall be capable of holding a civil office who shall not, at the time he shall be chosen thereto, be of full age, a citizen of the United States, and resident of the State, and, if it be a local office, a resident of the political subdivision or municipal corporation of the State for which he shall be chosen, or within which the electors electing him reside, or within which his official functions are required to be exercised."
In the case of Findlay against Thorn, in the City Court of New York, where the question arose as to the right of a woman to exercise the office of notary public, Chief Justice McAdam refused to pass upon the question, holding that the right could be decided only in a direct proceeding brought for the purpose by the Attorney-General, in which the notary might defend her title. And the court adds:
"Whether a female is capable of holding a public office has never been decided by the courts of this State and it is a question about which legal minds may well differ. The Constitution regulates the right of suffrage and limits it to 'male' citizens. Disabilities are not favored and are seldom extended by implication, from which it may be argued that if it required the insertion of the term 'male' to exclude female citizens of lawful age from the right of suffrage, a similar limitation would be required to disqualify them from holding office. Citizenship is a condition or status and has no relation to age or sex. It may be contended that it was left to the good sense of the Executive and to the electors to determine whether or not they would elect females to office and that the power being lodged in safe hands was beyond danger of abuse.
"If on the other hand it be seriously contended that the Constitution by necessary implication, disqualifies females from holding office, it must follow as a necessary consequence that the Act of the Legislature permitting females to serve as school officers (Chap. 9, Laws of 1880), and all other legislative enactments of like import, removing such disqualifications, are unconstitutional and void. In this same connection it may be argued that if the use of the personal pronoun 'he' in the Constitution does not exclude females from public office, its use in the statute can have no greater effect. The statute, like the Constitution, in prescribing qualifications for office omits the word 'male,' leaving the question whether female citizens of lawful age are included or excluded, one of construction.,
I make these observations for the purpose of showing that the question whether females are eligible to public office in this State, is one not entirely free from doubt and should not therefore be decided where it arises, as it does here, incidentally and collaterally. When the law officers of the State see fit to test the question in direct proceedings for the purpose, it will be time enough to attempt to settle the contention. In such a proceeding, the case of Robinson (131 Mass. 376, and that reported in 107 Mass. 604), where it was held that a woman could not be admitted to practice as an attorney and counselor at law in Massachusetts, ​and those decided in other States that they can hold office, may be examined and considered."
See also Am. and Eng. Ency. of Law, Vol. 19, p. 403-4. I might add that in this State there are many women who hold the office of notary public.
WASHINGTON.
The following account of the unconstitutional disfranchising of the women of Washington Territory in 1888 was carefully prepared by the editors of the "Woman's Journal" (Boston). When the editors of the present volume decided to incorporate it as a part of the History of Woman Suffrage it was submitted to Judge Orange J. Jacobs of Seattle for legal inspection. He returned it with the statement that it was correct in every particular. It constitutes one of the many judicial outrages which have been committed in the United States in the determination to prevent the enfranchisement of women:
Equal suffrage was granted by the Legislature in October, 1883. The women at once began to distinguish themselves there, as in Wyoming and elsewhere, by voting for the best man, irrespective of party. The old files of the Washington newspapers bear ample evidence to this fact. The first chance they had to vote was at the municipal elections of July, 1884. The Seattle "Mirror" said:
The "Post-Intelligencer" said:
Quotations might be multiplied from the papers of other towns, testifying to the independent voting of the women, the large size of their vote, the courtesy with which they were treated, and the greater quiet and order produced by their presence at the polls.
Next came the general election of November, 1884. Again the newspapers were practically unanimous as to the result. The Olympia "Transcript", which was opposed to equal suffrage, said: "The result shows that all parties must put up good men if they expect to elect them. They can not do as they have in the past — nominate any candidates, and elect them by the force of the party lash."
The "Democratic State Journal" said: "No one could fail to see that hereafter more attention must be given at the primaries to select the purest of material, by both parties, if they would gain the female vote."
Charles J. Woodbury visited Washington about this time. In a letter to the N. Y. "Evening Post", he said: 'Whatever may be the vicissitudes of woman suffrage in Washington Territory in the future, it should now be put on record that at the election, Nov. 4, 1884, nine-tenths of its adult female population availed themselves of the right to vote with a hearty enthusiasm."
​He goes on to say that he arrived in Seattle on Sunday, and was surprised at the quiet and order he found prevailing, and at the general Sunday closing of the places of business: "Even the bars of the hotels were closed; and this was the worst town in the Territory when I first saw it. Now its uproarious theaters, dance-houses, squaw-brothels and Sunday fights are things of the past. Not a gambling house exists."
Women served on juries, and meted out the full penalty of the law to gamblers and keepers of disorderly houses. The Chief Justice of the Territory was the Hon. Roger S. Greene, a cousin of U. S. Senator Hoar, a man of high character and integrity, and a magistrate celebrated throughout the Northwest for his resolute and courageous resistance to lynch law. In his charge to the grand jury at Port Townsend, August, 1884, he said:
"The opponents of woman suffrage in this Territory are found allied with a solid phalanx of gamblers, prostitutes, pimps, and drunkard-makers — a phalanx composed of all in each of those classes who know the interest of the class and vote according to it."
In his charge to another grand jury later, Chief Justice Greene said:
"Twelve terms of court, ladies and gentlemen, I have now held, in which women have served as grand and petit jurors, and it is certainly a fact beyond dispute that no other twelve terms so salutary for restraint of crime have ever been held in this Territory. For fifteen years I have been trying to do what a judge ought, but have never till the last six months felt underneath and around me, in the degree that every judge has a right to feel it, the upbuoying might of the people in the line of full and resolute enforcement of the law."
Naturally, the vicious elements disliked "the full and resolute enforcement of law." The baser sort of politicians also disliked the independent voting of the women. The Republicans had a normal majority in the Territory, but they nominated for a high office a man who was a hard drinker. The Republican women would not vote for him, and he was defeated. Next they nominated a man who had for years been openly living with an Indian woman and had a family of half-breed children. Again the Republican women refused to vote for him, and he was defeated. This brought the enmity of the Republican "machine" upon woman suffrage. The Democratic women showed equal independence, and incurred the hostility of the Democratic "machine."
Between 1884 and 1888 a change of administration at Washington led to a change in the Territorial Supreme Court. The newly appointed Chief Justice and a majority of the new judges of the Supreme Court [appointed by President Cleveland] were opposed to equal suffrage, and were amenable, it 1s said, to the strong pressure brought to bear upon them by all the vicious elements to secure its repeal. A gambler who had been convicted by a jury composed in part of women contested the sentence on the ground that women were not legal voters, and the Supreme Court decided that the woman suffrage bill was unconstitutional, because it had been headed "An Act to Amend Section So and So, Chapter So and So of the Code," instead of "An Act to Enfranchise Women." .... When the Legislature met in 1888 it re-enacted the woman suffrage bill, giving it a full heading, and strengthening it in every way possible.
Washington was about to be admitted as a State, and was preparing to hold a Constitutional Convention to frame a State constitution. There was no doubt that the majority of the women wanted to vote. Chief Justice Greene estimated that four-fifths of them had voted at the last election before they were deprived of the right. Two successive Legislatures elected by men and women jointly had re-enacted woman suffrage (for its continuance had been made a test question in the choice of the first Legislature for which the women voted, and that Legislature had been careful to insert the words "he or she" in all bills relating to the election laws). It was admitted on all hands that if the women were allowed to vote for members of the Constitutional Convention, it would be impossible to elect one that would wipe out woman suffrage. It was therefore imperative to deprive the women of their votes before the members of the convention were ​chosen. A scheme was arranged for the purpose. On the ground that she was a woman, the election officers at a local election refused the vote of Mrs. Nevada Bloomer, a saloon-keeper's wife, who was opposed to suffrage. They accepted the votes of all the other women. She made a test case by bringing suit against them. In the ordinary course of things, the case would not have come up till after the election of the constitutional convention. But cases for the restoration of personal rights may be advanced on the docket, and Mrs. Bloomer's ostensible object was the restoration of her personal rights, though her real object was to deprive all women of theirs. Her case was put forward on the docket and hurried to a decision.
The Supreme Court [George Turner and Wm. G. Langford] this time pronounced the woman suffrage law unconstitutional on the ground that tt was beyond the power of a Territorial Legislature to enfranchise women. The Organic Act of the Territory said that at the first Territorial election persons with certain qualifications should vote, and at subsequent elections such persons as the Territorial Legislature might enfranchise. But the court took the ground that in giving the Legislature the right to regulate suffrage, Congress did not at the time have it specifically in mind that they might enfranchise women, and that therefore they could not do so.(!) The suffragists wanted to have the case appealed to the Supreme Court of the United States, but Mrs. Bloomer refused.
The women themselves being prevented from voting, their friends were notable to overcome the combined “machines” of both political parties, and the intense opposition of all the vicious and disorderly elements, at that time very large on the Pacific Coast. A convention opposed to equal suffrage was elected, and framed a constitution excluding women. A friend of the present writer talked with many of the members while the convention was in session. He says almost every lawyer in that body acknowledged, in private conversation, that the decision by which the women had been disfranchised was illegal. “But,” they said, “the women had set the community by the ears on the temperance question, and we had to get rid of them.” One politician said, frankly, “Women are natural mugwumps, and I hate a mugwump.”
The convention, however, yielded to the pressure sufficiently to submit to the men a separate amendment proposing to strike out the word “male” from the suffrage clause of the new State constitution, but no woman was allowed to vote on it. In November, 1889, this amendment was lost, the same elements that defeated it in the convention defeating it at the polls, with the addition of a great influx of foreign immigrants.
NATIONAL-AMERICAN WOMAN SUFFRAGE ASSOCIATION.
This is the most democratic of organizations. Its sole object is to secure for women citizens protection in their right to vote. The general officers are nominated by an informal secret ballot, no one being put in nomination. The three persons receiving the highest number of votes are considered the nominees and the election is decided by secret ballot. Those entitled to vote are three delegates-at-large for each auxiliary State society and one delegate in addition for every one hundred members of each State auxiliary; the State presidents and State members of the National Executive Committee; the general officers of the association; the chairmen of standing committees. The delegates present from each State cast the full vote to which that State is entitled. The vote is taken in the same way upon any other question whenever the delegates present from five States request it. In other cases ​each delegate has one vote. Any State whose dues are unpaid on January 1 loses its vote in the convention for that year.
The two honorary presidents, president, vice-president-at-large, two secretaries, treasurer and two auditors constitute the Business Committee, which transacts the entire business of the association between the annual conventions.
The Executive Committee is composed of the Business Committee, the president of each State, and one member from each State, together with the chairmen of standing committees; fifteen make a quorum for the transaction of business. The decisions reached by the Executive Committee, which meets during the convention week, are presented in the form of recommendations at the business sessions of the convention.
The constitution may be amended by a two-thirds vote at any annual meeting, after one day's notice in the convention, notice of the proposed amendment having been previously given to the Business Committee, and by them published in the suffrage papers not less than three months in advance.
The association must hold an annual convention of regularly-elected delegates for the election of officers and the transaction of business. An annual meeting must be held in Washington, D. C., during the first session of each Congress.
The Committee on Resolutions must consist of one person from each State, elected by its delegation.
There are few changes in officers and the association is noted for the harmony of its meetings, although the delegates generally are of decided convictions and unusual force of character. Men are eligible to membership and a number belong, but the affairs of the organization are wholly in the hands of women.
officers for 1900.
President, Carrie Chapman Catt, New York City.
Vice-President-at-Large, Rev. Anna Howard Shaw, Philadelphia.
Recording Secretary, Alice Stone Blackwell, Boston.
Corresponding Secretary, Rachel Foster Avery, Philadelphia.
Treasurer, Harriet Taylor Upton, Warren, Ohio.
Auditors, Laura Clay, Lexington, Ky.; Catharine Waugh Mcculloch, Chicago.
standing committees.
Congressional Work — Susan B. Anthony, N. Y.; Carrie Chapman Catt, N. Y.; Harriet Taylor Upton, O.; Helen M. Warren, Wy.; Virginia Morrison Shafroth, Col.
{sc|Press Work}} — Elnora M. Babcock, N. Y. ​Enrollment — Priscilla Dudley Hackstaff, N. Y. and all State Treasurers.
Federal Suffrage — Sallie Clay Bennett, Ky.; Martha E. Root, Mich.
Presidential Suffrage — Henry B. Blackwell, Mass. and State Presidents.
National Committee on Local, Arrangements — Lucy E. Anthony, Penn.
Railroad Rates — Mary G. Hay, N. Y.
SPECIAL COMMITTEES.
Legislation For Civil Rights — Laura M. Johns, Kas.
LIFE MEMBERS. (1901.)
Alabama — Adella Hunt Logan.
California — Mrs. A. R. Faulkner, Mary Wood Swift.
Colorado — Mary C. C. Bradford, Emily A. Brown, Amy K. Cornwall, Louisa S. Janvier, Emily R. Meredith.
Connecticut — H. J. Lewis.
Georgia — Gertrude C. Thomas.
Indiana— Ida Husted Harper, Alice Wheeler Peirce, May Wright Sewall.
Iowa — Martha C. Callanan, Nancy Logan, Mettie Laub Romans.
Kansas — Mabel LaPorte Diggs, Sarah E. Morrow.
Kentucky — Susan Look Avery, Sallie Clay Bennett, Mary B. Trimble, Laura R. White.
Louisiana — Caroline E. Merrick.
Maryland — Caroline Hallowell Miller.
Michigan — Delos A. Blodgett, Daisy Peck Blodgett, Olivia B. Hall.
Minnesota — Alice Scott Cash, Elizabeth A. Russell, Sarah Vail Thompson.
Missouri — Phoebe W. Cousins, Virginia L. Minor, Sarah E. Turner.
Nebraska — Clara Bewick Colby, Mary Smith Hayward, Mary H. Williams.
New Hampshire — Marilla M. Ricker.
Oklahoma — Rachel Rees Griffiths.
Rhode Island — Sarah J. Eddy, Charlotte B. Wilbour, Sarah S. Wilbour.
South Carolina — A. Viola Neblett, Martha Schofield.
Utah — Emily S. Richards, Emmeline B. Wells.
Wisconsin — Rev. Olympia Brown.
Persia — Susan Van Valkenburg Hamilton (formerly of Indiana).
DELEGATES TO NATIONAL CONVENTIONS, 1883-1900.
At the national conventions those who occupy the platform and make the addresses naturally have the most conspicuous place, but those who come from the various localities, year after year, bringing the reports from their States and taking their necessary part in the proceedings, are equally valuable factors. Their names, at least, should be preserved, and the following list, while by no means complete, is as nearly so as it has been possible to make it. Those which are included in the National chapters are not repeated. Many of the women recorded below receive their deserved mention in the State chapters.
Alabama: Amelia M. Dillard, Minnie Henderson. Arizona: Ex-Gov. and Mrs. L. C. Hughes, Pauline M. O'Neill, Mrs. G. H. Oury. Arkansas: Mary A. Davis, Lizzie D. Fyler, C. M. Patterson. California: Nellie Holbrook Blinn, Amy G. Bowen, Emilie Gibbons Cohen, Warren C. Kimball, Lucy Wilson Moore, Julia Schlesinger, Mary Simpson Sperry, Beda S. Sperry, Mary Wood Swift. Colorado: Theodosia G. Ammons, Dr. Mary Barker Bates, Margaret Bowen, Nettie E. Caspar, Hattie E. Fox, H. Jennie James, B. R. Owens, Katharine A. G. Patterson, Eliza F. Routt, Lucy E. Ransom Scott, Mary Jewett Telford, Harriet M. Teller. Connecticut: Mrs. L. D. Allen, Rose I. Blakeslee, Sarah E. Browne, Caroline ​B. Buell, Mrs. E. C. Champion, Alta Starr Cressy, Mrs. N. F. Griswold, Addie S. Hale, Howard J. Hale, Ellen B. Kendrick, Emily O. Kimball, Grace C. Kimball, Mary J. Rogers, Abby Barker Sheldon. Dakota Territory: Marietta M. Bones, Linda B. Slaughter. Delaware: Mary R. De Vou, Margaret W. Houston, Margaret E. Kent, Patience W. Kent, Emma Lore, Mary Elizabeth Milligan, Adda G. Quigley, Mary H. Thatcher, Elizabeth Bacon Walling. District of Columbia: Frances B. Andrews, L. L. Bacon, Mary L. Bennett, Bessie Boone Cheshire, Anna Gray De Long, Lucy S. Doolittle, Annie M. Edgar, Dr. Susan Edson, M. J. Fowler, Emma M. Gillett, J. Minnie Holn, Martha V. Johnson, Carrie E. Kent, Mrs. J. H. La Fetra, Mary S. Lockwood, Sarah J. Messer, Henrietta C. Morrison, Helen Mitchell, Hattie E. Nash, Mary V. Noerr, Ellen M. O'Connor, Mary A. Ripley, Mary L. Talbot, Cora De La Matyr Thomas, Helen Rand Tindall, Eliza Titus Ward, Elizabeth Wilson, Theresa Williams, Dr. Caroline B. Winslow, Mary H. Williams. Florida: Ella C. Chamberlain. Georgia: D. M. Allen, Margaret Chandler, Julia Iveson Patton, Gertrude C. Thomas, Adelaide Wilson.:
Idaho: Mrs. Milton Kelley. Jllinois: Julia K. Barnes, Mary I. Barnes, Emma J. Bigelow, Corinne S. Brown, Hannah J. Coffee, C. H. Crocker, Angelina Craver, Climenina K. Dennet, George H. Dennet, Sylvia Doton, Emmy C. Evald, Matilda S. Garrigus, Mary T. Hager, Mrs. Frank L. Hubbard, Mary Louise Haworth, Kate Hughes, Lizzie F. Long, Lena Morrow, Angie B. Schweppe, Eva Munson Smith, Dr. Alice B. Stockham, Adeline M. Swain, Nellie J. Tweed, Jessie Waite, Dr. Lucy Waite, Margaret Will. Indiana: Lizzie M. Briant, Mary G. Hay, Dr. M. A. Jessup, Etta Mattox, Alice Wheeler Peirce, Bertha G. Wade, Alice G. Waugh, Iva G. Wooden. Jowa: Alice Ainsworth, Eunice T. Barnett, Lucy Busenbark, Narcissa T. Bemis, James Callanan, Martha C. Callanan, Margaret V. Campbell, Mary J. Coggeshall, Nettie Sanford Chapin, Martha J. Cass, Elizabeth Coughell, Anna B. Crawford, Marietta Farr Cannell, Ella G. Cline, Mary Mason Clark, Victoria Dewey, Jane Denby, C. Holt Flint, Nellie C. Flint, Louise B. Field, Mrs. W. P. Hepburn, Jane Hammond, Julia Clark Hallam, Harriet Jenks, Charles W. Jacobs, Rosina Jacobs, Mrs. M. Lloyd Kennedy, A. M. E. Leffingwell, Polly A. Maulsby, Florence M. Maskrey, Mary E. McPherson, Jane Amy McKinney, Ella Moffatt, Bessie Murray, Emily Phillips, Mary D. Palmer, Emeline B. Richardson, Mettie Laub Romans, Rowena Edson Stevens, Estelle Smith, Elmina Springer, Frances Smith, Rev. John Ogilvie Stevenson, Ina Light Taylor, Roma W. Woods, Frilla Belle Young. Kansas: Anna A. Broderick, Fannie M. Broderick, Jennie Broderick, B. B. Baird, C. H. Cushing, Mabel La Porte Diggs, Caroline Doster, Martha Powell Davis, Bertha H. Ellsworth, Nannie Garrett, Dr. Eva Harding, Antoinette Haskell, Hetta P. Mansfield, Mrs. J. McPatten, Constant P. McElroy, Jennie Robb Maher, Bina A. Otis, Josephine L. Patton, Carrie L. Prentiss, Althea B. Stryker, Sarah A. Thurston, Abbie A. Welch, Alonzo Wardall, Elizabeth M. Wardall, Anna C. Wait. Kentucky: Laura S. Bruce, Mary C. Cramer, S. M. Hubbard, Sarah G. Humphries, Mary K. Jones, Dr. Sarah M. Siewers, Sarah H. Sawyer, Mrs. M. R. Stockwell, Amanthus Shipp, Mary Wood, Sallie B. Wolcott, Laura White. Louistana: Florence Huberwald, Matilda P. Hero, Dr. Bart C. Keating, Caroline E. Merrick, Jr., Katharine M. Nobles, Frances Sladden.
Maine: Rev. Henry Blanchard, M. S. Carlisle, Lucy Hobart Day, Martha O. Dyer, Dr. Abby M. Fulton, Martha W. Fairfield, Helen A. Harriman, Mary C. Nason, Mary E. A. Osborne, Sarah J. L. O'Brien, Abby A. C. Peaslee, Cordelia A. Quimby, Sophronia C. Snow, Lucy A. and Lavinia Snow, Elizabeth P. Smith. Maryland: Amanda M. Best, Juliet L. Baldwin, Emma Madox Funck, Emma Frinck, Annie W. Janney, Annie R. Lamb, Mary E. Moore, Rebecca T. Miller, Martha S. Townsend, Mary J. Williamson. Massachusetts: Annie T. Auerbach, Richard and Carrie Anders, Martha Atkins, Mr. and Mrs. Oliver C. Ashton, Esther F. Boland, Catherine W. Bascom, Samuel J. Barrows, Martha Sewall Curtis, Adelaide A. Claflin, Emma Clapp, Sophia A. Forbes, Ellen Wright Garrison, Cora Chapin Godfrey, Adeline Howland, Sarah Hudson, Mary E. Hilton, Mrs Arden Hall, Hannah Hall, Charlotte Lobdell, Eveleen L. Mason, ​Louisa A. Morrison, Martha A. P. Neall, Ellen F. Powers, Agnes G. Parritt, Maud Wood Park, John Parker, Cora V. Smart, Silvanus Smith, Judith W. Smith, Mary Clarke Smith, Nellie S. Smith, Mrs. W. H. Semple, Jane A. Stewart, Dora Bascom Smith, Addie E. Tarbell, Sarah E. Wall, Eliza Webber, Elizabeth H. Webster, Evelyn Williams, Dr. Marion L. Woodward, Mr. and Mrs. John L. Whiting. Michigan: Charlotte Goeway, Mrs. C. D. Hodges, De Lisle P. Holmes, Sarah L. Hazlett, Margaret M. Huckins, Frances Kinney, Dr. Clara W. McNaughton, Ida J. Marsh, Nettie McCloy, E. Matilda Moore, Carrie W. Miller, Frances Wright Spearman, Sarah E. Smith, Elizabeth A. Willard. Minnesota: Nina T. Cox, Lydia R. Eastwood, Mayme Jester, Delilah C. Reid, Judge J. B. Stearns, Sarah Burger Stearns, Martha Adams Thompson, Sarah Vail Thompson. Mississippi: Harriet B. Kells, Nellie M. Somerville, Lily Wilkinson Thompson. Missouri: Alice Blackburn, Mary Waldo Calkins, Ella Harrison, Virginia Hedges, Addie M. Johnson, Alice C. Mulky, J. B. Merwin, Sarah E. Turner, Emaline A. Templeton, Mary U. Vandwert, Mrs. E. E. Montague Winch, Victoria Conkling Whitney, Isabella Wightman, Eliza T. Wilson, William Wilson, Sarah Wilson. Montana: Dr. Maria M. Dean, Eva Hirschberg, George W. Jones, Delia A. Kellogg, Marie L. Mason, Sarepta Sanders, Harriet P. Sanders, Dora D. Wright.
"Nebraska": Maria C. Arter, Rachel Brill, Clara Cross, Nettie L. Cronkhite, Abby Gay Dustin, Helen M. Goff, Ellen D. Harn, Ellen A. Herdman, Irene Hernandez, Lena McCormick, Amanda J. Marble, Maud Miller, Anna L. Spirk, Sarah K. Williams, Esther L. Warner. Nevada: Hannah R. Clapp, Mary E. Rinkle, Annie Warren, Frances A. Williamson. New Hampshire: Mary A. P. Filley, M. E. Powell, Marilla M. Ricker, Rev. H. B. Smith. New Jersey: Emma L. Blackwell, Phoebe Baily, Katherine H. Browning, Hannah Cairns, Jennie D. DeWitt, Dr. Florence De Hart, Rev. Phoebe A. Hanaford, Mrs. A. J. Jackson, Jane Bryant Kellogg, Susan W. Lippincott, Ellen Miles, Mary Philbrook, Amelia Dickinson Pope, Aaron M. Powell, Louise Downs Quigley, Theresa M. Seabrook, Minola Graham Sexton, Charlotte C. R. Smith, Laura H. Van Cise, M. Louise Watts, Phoebe C. Wright. New Mexico: Fannie Baca, I. M. Bond, H. D. Fergusson, Ida Morley Jarrett, Mayme E. Marble, Mrs. J. D. Perkins, Anna Van Schick. New York: Mrs. E. Andreas, Mrs. Wilkes Angel, Ruby Abby, Abigail A. Allen, Dr. Augusta Armstrong, Rev. Caroline A. Bassett, Victoria Bradley, Sarah F. Blackall, Frances Benedict, Mrs. R. G. Beatty, Helen M. Cook, Dr. Harriet B. Chapin, Eveleen R. Clark, Cornelia H. Cary, Noah Chapman, Margaret Livingston Chanler, Mrs. M. A. Clinton, Charlotte A. Cleveland, Ella Hawley Crossett, Lucy Hawley Calkins, Nora E. Darling, Marie Frances Driscoll, 5. W. Ellis, Mrs. M. D. Fenner, Laura W. Flower, Dr. Fales, Catherine G. Foote, Theodosia C. Goss, Eliza C. Gifford, Dr. Virginia L. Glauner, Elizabeth P. Hall, Mary H. Hallowell, Frances V. Hallock, Dorcas Hull, Etta E. Hooker, Emily Howland, Isabel Howland, Cornelia K. Hood, Belle S. Holden, Mary N. Hubbard, Margherita Arlina Hamm, Ella S. Hammond, Priscilla D. Hackstaff, Mary Bush Hitchcook, Elizabeth Noyes Hopkins, Ada M. Hall, Marie R. Jenney, Julie R. Jenney, Frances C. Lewis, Jeannette R. Leavitt, Carrie S. Lerch, Mary Hillard Loines, Mrs. P. A. Moffett, Pamela S. McCown, Margaret Morton, Mrs. Joshua G. Munro, Anne Fitzhugh Miller, Sarah A. McClees, Deborah Otis, Martha F. Prather, Jessie Post, J. Mary Pearson, Lucy S. Pierce, Abby Hutchinson Patton, Lucy Boardman Smith, Marian H. Skidmore, Angeline M. Sargent, James Sargent, Jessie J. Cassidy Saunders, Mary B. Sackett, Jane M. Slocum, Mary Thayer Sanford, Emma B. Sweet, Emma M. Tucker, Kate S. Thompson, Sarah L. Willis, Kate Foster Warner, Anna Willets, Cerelle Grandin Weller. North Carolina: Lilla Ripley Barnwell, Floride Cunningham, Miriam Harris, Helen Morris Lewis, Margaret Richardson. North Dakota: Helen de Lendrecie, Dr. Cora Smith (Eaton), Henrietta Paulson Haagensen, Della Lee Hyde, Mary S. Lounsberry, Sara E. B. Smith, Mary Whedon.
"Ohio:" Ella M. Bell, Sarah S. Bissell, W. O. Brown, Frances M. Casement, Katharine B. Claypole, Mary N. Cunningham, Elizabeth Coit, Martha P. Dana, Martha H. Elwell, Ellen Sully Fray, Mary C. Francis, Jannette Freer, Elizabeth Gilmer, Prof. Jennie Gifford, Mary L. Geffs, Clara Giddings, Eliza P. ​Houk, Emma C. Hayes, Margaret Hackadorne, Emma P. Harley, Eason Holbrook, Minnie C. Hauser, Elizabeth J. Hauser, Cecilia Halloway, Minnie Stull Harris, Prof. Mary Jewctt, Josephine King, Mary J. Lawrence, Mary Folger Lang, Sallie J. McCall, Rev. Henrietta G. Moore, Mary J. McMillan, Anna C. Mott, Lvcia A. D. Northway, Miss L. J. Ormstead, Addie M. Porter, Alice E. H. Peters, O. G. Peters, Sarah M. Perkins, Annie Laurie Quinby, Harriet B. Rossa, Florence Richards, Edythe E. Root, Mrs. N. Coe Stewart, Abbie Schumacher, Helen R. Smith, Katherine Dooris Sharpe, Hattie A. Sachs, Harriet Brown Stanton, Dr. Viola Swift, Lottie M. Sackett, Cornelia Shaw, C. Swezey, Rosa L. Segur. Oklahoma: Margaret Rees, Mrs. R. W. Southard, Celia Z. Titus. Oregon: Frances E. Gottshall. Pennsylvania: Olive Pond Amies, Agnes M. Biddle, Mrs. W. C: Butterfield, Mary Patterson Beaver, A. Isabel Bowers, Emma J. Bartol, Katherine J. Campbell, Anna M. Child, Alice M. Coates, Elizabeth D. Green, Susanna M. Gaskill, Caroline Gibbons, Mrs. E. N. Garrett, Bertha W. Howe, Hetty Y. Hallowell, Lidie C. W. Koethen, Mary F. Kenderdine, Mary S. Kent, Agnes Kemp, Mary B. Luckie, Alberta Moorehouse, Mrs. L. M. B. Mitchell, Dr. Jane V. Myers, Esther A. Pownall, Anna C. Pennock, Elizabeth B. Passmore, Charlotte L. Peirce, Harriet Purvis, Jacob Reese, Jean B. Stephenson, Nicolas M. Shaw, Emily H. Saxton, Mary B. Satterthwaite, Margaret B. Stone, Mattie A. N. Shaw, Mrs. G. W. Schofield, Robert Tilney, Annie L. Tilney.
INDEX OF SUBJECTS.
If an index were deemed so valuable in those periods of comparative leisure, one as complete as possible is surely an absolute necessity in these days when time is at the highest premium, but the maker is under obligation to study conciseness in order that the index may not be as long as the book. It has seemed practicable to reduce very greatly the length of this one without impairing its efficiency by asking the reader to bear in mind a few simple facts as to the arrangement of the History.
Chapters II-XXI are devoted exclusively to the conventions of the National Suffrage Association and the consequent hearings, reports and discussions in Congress; the story of each year is complete in its chapter and the date is in the running title on the right hand page. The work of the American Association before the two societies united is complete in Chapter XXII. These chapters contain the argument.
Chapters XXV-LXXII comprise the full history of the work in the States and Territories, one chapter given to each and all alphabetically arranged with name in running title on the right hand page. Each State is subdivided and the heads denoted by capital letters, as follows: Organization, Legislative Action, Laws, Suffrage, Office Holding, Occupation, Education.
— South Chapter on,1027 — West,""1029 — New South Wales,""1029 — Victoria,""1031 — Queensland,""1032 — Tasmania""1033
—Mrs. Stanton's 80th, 250.
—Rev. Anna Howard Shaw's, 391.
—Lady Managers World's Fair, indebted to Miss Anthony, 211; same, 232; Act of Congress creating, 233; 609.
— of National Suffrage Association on Int'l Council, 124; on union with Am. Ass'n., 164; on Columbian Expos., 232. See also 1098-9. On Miss Anthony's 8oth birthday celebration, 395.
— Congressional, on wom. suff., 31. See Reports.
— National Suffrage Ass'n., first one 1 ever called, xiii; earliest ones, 14; res. for Int'l. Suff. Conv., 25; changed attitude of press toward, 57; first suff. meeting held in Washt'n., 70; conv. for '88, 137; complimented by Washt'n. Star, 173; convs. before the war, 205; alternate ones taken out of Washt'n., Miss Anthony's protest, 218; the other side, 219; descript. of '94, 221; Miss Anthony's method of presiding, 238; descript. of '95, 236; of '97, 271. see Chapters II-XXI.
— Republican, record of, 435-7, 440; for 1900. 443-4.
— Democratic, record of, 437, 440; for 1900, 444
— Populist, record of, 437-8, 441; for 1900. 444
— Prohibition, record of, 438; for 1900, 444.
— Other Parties, record of, xviii, 438-9; for 1900, 444.
See also Democrats, Populists. Republicans, Parties and p. 556. Women delegates to nat'l. convs., 319, 438-9; work of Miss Anthony and others, 439 et seq.; no hope for disfranch, class, 444; sentiment amongdelegates, 444-5. For work in State political convs., see various State chapters.
— in National Suffrage Conventions, on dogmas and creeds, 59 et seq.; on taking worn. suff. inta church, 75; on migratory convs., 218; on Woman's Bible, 263.
— Fraternal, to conv. of '96, 256; to om. Press Ass'n., 291; to Int'l. Council of '99, 342; to suff. conv. of "00, 323; to suff. conv. of 1900, 366.
— disadvantages of, 41; 423; 45; 46; 73; 79; 138-9; 190; 195; 196; to women wage-earners, 312; same, 377; 3593; 365; 3733 379.
— majority would never consent to, Xxll; statistics of, xxx; same, 18; 5,000 teachers in Ind. ask for ballot, 37; educated women will not stand subjection, 44; educated women deprived of ballot, 74; intellectual capacity of women, 90; 101; more than some Senators, 113; woman senior wrangler at Cambridge, 176; a century ago, 192; training of girl of future, 200; easily obtained, 292, 316; Mrs. Sewall on Govt. no right to educate women and refuse them representation, 307; its effects shown in Amer. women at Int'l. Council in London, 353; woman's from beginning of century, obstacles, direful predictions, 354-6; health of women graduates, 355; women on Faculties, 355; donations of women to, 356, 507; must lead to suff., 356; effect on domestic life, 357; Catholic, 464; same, 575; in Gr. Brit., 1024. See also Donors, Illiteracy, Public Schools, Universities.
— Constitutional, bar to wom. suff., xiv, XV; 371.
— Property, for women, secured by a few, xxiii; in Ky., 15; wife is moneyless, 40: inevitably one-sided, 198; nine-tenths relate to property, 200; uncertain for women, 255; in Ills., 276; women could secure good laws with suffrage, 424; present status, far from just to women, 456-8: Dower and Curtesy, 457; Guardianship of Children, and liability of "head of family" for support, 458; Divorce, and the various causes for, 459; Age of Protection, 460. See each State chapter under head of Legislative Action and Laws. For Great Britain, 1021.
— to Int'l. Council of '88, 135.
— to Miss Anthony on 7oth birthday, 164; on 8oth, 403.
— to various Conventions, 447.
— to Governors of States and Territories, 212.
— to members of Congress, 35, 217, 218, 247, 287, 346.
— to political delegates and conventions, 440 et seq.
— to State constitutional conventions, 433.
Advertiser (New Decatur, Ala.), 465.
Arena, The, 6, 927-8.
Argonaut (San Francisco), 491.
Australian Register, 1028.
Australian Woman's Sphere (Melbourne), 1031.
Boomerang (Laramie, Wyo.), 1006.
Bricklayer and Mason, 446.
Bulletin (San Francisco), 491.
Call (San Francisco), 482, 487, 491, 505.
Chicago Law Times, 609.
Christian Advocate, 207.
Colorado Springs Gazette, 525.
Commercial Gazette (Cin'ti), 428.
Congressional Record, 110.
Constitution (Atlanta), 244, 246.
Daily Statesman (Boise, Ida.), 319, 591.
Daily Times (Seattle), 974.
Democrat(Grand Rapids), 339.
Democratic State Journal (Wash.), 1096.
Englishwoman's Review, 22, 319, 1012.
Enquirer (Cin'ti), 428.
Evening News (Washtn.), 202.
Evening Post (New York), 1096.
Examiner (San Francisco), 491.
Express (Los Angeles), 495.
Fortnightly Review, 1014-5.
Freemen's Labor Journal (Spokane), 974.
Harper's Bazar, 716.
Harper's Magazine, 203.
Herald (Boston), 732.
Leader (Des Moines). 271, 273.
Legal News, The (Chicago), 212, 609.
Lily (Amelia Bloomer, ed.), 250, 295.
Liquor Dealer (Los Angeles), 499.
Massachusetts papers, 711.
Mirror (Seattle), 1096.
Nevada Citizen, 811.
New Northwest, 975.
Nineteenth Century (Eng.), 1014.
Oregonian (Portland), 896.
Picayune (New Orleans), 680, 683.
Post (San Francisco), 491.
Post (Washtn.), 188, 201, 221, 236, 349, 361, 385, 387, 390-1, 393, 395, 400.
Post-Intelligencer (Seattle), 1096.
Public Ledger (Phila.), 227.
Record (San Francisco), 491.
Record-Union (Sacramento), 491.
Remonstrance (Boston), 512.
Report (San Francisco), 491.
Rhode Island papers, 910-11.
Saturday Review (Atlanta), 582.
Star (Richmond, Va.), 964.
Star (San Francisco), 491.
Star (Washtn.), 173, 189, 318, 388.
Suffrage Reveille (Kas.), 647.
Suffragist (Ills.), 612.
Sun (Baltimore), 698.
Sun (New York), 326, 459.
Sunday World (Los Angeles), 499.
Sunny South (Atlanta), 238.
Times (Leavenworth, Kas.), 645.
Times (London, Eng.), 1019.
Times (Los Angeles), 491, 499.
Times (New York), 364.
Town Talk (Los Angeles), 499.
Transcript (Olympia), 1096.
Tribune (Chicago), 93, 1009.
Una (Paulina Wright Davis, ed.), 294.
Wisconsin Citizen, 342, 987.
Woman's Chronicle (Ark), 475-6.
Woman's Column (Boston), 431, 465, 708.
Woman's Exponent (Utah), 936 et al.
Woman's Forum (Ills.), 613.
Woman's Journal (Boston), 221, 236, 256, 342, 350, 381-2, 392, 406, 417, 423, 426, 430, 701, 726, 734, 736, 1096.
Woman's Standard (Ia.), 342, 629.
Woman's Tribune (Washtn.), 76, 126, 164. 296, 342, 396, 575, 970.
Women's Suffrage Journal (Eng.), 22, 1015.
Young Woman's Journal, 956. See Press.
— of first Nat'l. Council of Women, 137.
— of State Suff. Assns., listed in each State chapter, beginning p. 465.
— Ass'n for Adv'mt of Wom., 1050.
— Coll. Alum., Ass' of, 1048.
— Colonial Dames of Amer., 1066.
— Col'd Wom., Nat'l Ass'n of, 1051.
— Council of Women, Int'l, 1044.
— Council of Women, Nat'l, 1044-5.
— Daughters of Amer. Rev., 1065.
— Daughters of the Rev., 1066.
— Daught. of Vets., Nat'l All., 1064. 1115
— Daught. of Confed., United, 1067.
— Daught. of 1812, Nat. Soc., 1067.
— Daughters of Rebekah, 1069.
— Eastern Star, Order of, 1068.
— Fed. of Clubs, General, 1050.
— G. A. R., Ladies of, 1064
— Household Econ., Nat'l As., 1056.
— Indian Ass'n. Wom. Nat'l., 1053.
— Jewish Wom., Nat. Coun. of, 1053.
— Keeley Rescue League, 1056.
— Kindergarten Union, Nat'l., 1055.
— Loc. Eng'rs, Ladies' Aux., 1069.
— Maccabees of World, Sup. Hive, Ladies of, 1067.
— Missionary Societies, 1057-1062.
— Mothers, Nat'l. Cong. of, 1051.
— Mt. Vernon Ladies' Ass'n., 1065.
— Music. Clubs, Nat'l. Fed. of, 1056.
— Needlework Guild of Am., 1057.
— Prison Ass'n., Woman's, 1055.
— Railroad Cond., Ladies' Aux., 1069.
— Rathbone Sisters of World, Sup. Temple, 1068.
— Red Cross Soc., Am. Nat'l., 1048.
— Relief Corps, Woman's, 1064.
— Relief Soc., Nat'l. Wom., 1052.
— Sabbath Alliance, Wom., 1063.
— Social Purity, Christian League for, 1054
— Sunshine Soc., Internat'l., 1052.
— Wom. Chr. Temp. Union, 1045.
— Women Workers, Nat'l., 1054.
— Young Ladies' Mutual Improvement Ass'n., 1055.
— Y'ng Wom. Chr. Ass'n., 1063.
— Miscellaneous. 1069.
— of Men and Women, 1070.
— in Great Britain, Liberal Federation, Primrose League and Nat'l. Suff. Society, 1013-14.
— general comment on, majority would not have consented to, xxii; great power of, xxv; value of anti-suff., xxix; working toward suff., XXX; suff. organizations, rank first, 188; vast increase, 396; first on record and evolution of, 1042-3; first temperance organ'zs., 1042; during Civil War, 1043; dignity of convs., 1044; great scope of objects but few for suff., 1070-1; all leading to it, 1071; value in develop. of women, 1072; number enrolled, 1072; future power, 1073; Gov't. must have their help. 1073.
— and Vice-Presidents of U. S. favoring wom. suff., 1075.
— of Universities and Colleges, same, 1079.
— State, to nat'l. suff. convs., 15; to American suff. convs., 432.
— Miss Anthony's on work in conventions of 1900, 439 et seq.
— Indirect, of women by men, 41; 46; 51; 64; 66; 86; 93; 168; Miss Blackwell on, 197.
— Advantages of, 21, 41, 53, 55, 65. 66, 83, 159, 161, 162, 178, 181.
— Advocates, character of, xxxii, 412; debt owed to, 144; are not dreamers, 421; list of, 1075; see debates in Congress, 32 et seq., 85 et seq., 181 et seq.; also various chapters and p. 1075 et seq.
— Bible, for and against. See Bible.
— Bills for. See Bills.
— Campaigns for. See Amendment Campaigns.
— Church, attitude of. See Church.
— Congressional Action. See Congress.
— Constitutional Phases of. See Constitutions.
— Conventions for. See Conventions.
— Debates on. See Congress.
— Decisions. See Supreme Court Decisions.
— Democracy of. See Democracy.
— Domestic, argument against wom. suff. losing force, xxxi; Reagan, of Texas, on this point, 31; John Quincy Adams on, 47; woman's sphere, 48; would break up home, 49; proper sphere, 53; position of woman in all countries, 52, 83; fear of quarrels, 92; sphere of two sexes, 94; woman is queen, 95; would disrupt family, 99; harmony not disturbed, 103; embrace of female politician, 106-7-8, 117; woman's sphere narrowed, 190; vote of husband and wife, 198; wives of great men, 206; wom. suff. and home, effect where women vote, 315; evolution of family life, 328; college wom. and home, 357-8; no relation between suff. and housekeeping, 362; modern home happiest, 371; domestic Instincts eternal, 380; effect of wom. suff. on domestic life in Colorado, 283, 356, 1087; in Idaho, 595; in Utah, 319, 1088; in Wyoming, 117, 181, 302, 1089, 1091-2.
— Economics of, 308; woman as economic factor, 310; household economics, 357; basis of wom. suff., 377.
— Educated, constitutional to require it, 246; argument against, 258; argument for, 292, 316; Gov't. no right to educate women and refuse representation, 307; Mrs. Stanton on, 316; education must lead to suffrage, 356. See Education.
— Ethics of, 20, 43, 69, 80, 81, 116; influence of woman, 117; 119; Mrs. Stanton on, 134; Mrs. Wallace on, 170-1; 254-5; evolution of wom. suff., Mrs. Spencer on, 308.
— Expediency of, xxiv; 52; Sen. Vest on, 107; 167; 172; Phillips on, 381.
— Federal. See Federal Suffrage.
— Illiterate. See Illiteracy.
— Indifference of Women. See Indifference.
— Justice of, 17, 74, 80, 82, 86, 102, 147, 162, 163, 167-8, 183; Lucy Stone on, 191; 199, 297, 305, 358, 378, 381, 413, 415; Curtis and Hoar on, 428.
— Labor and. See Labor.
— Legislative Action on. See Legislatures.
— Liquor Dealers and. See Liquor Dealers. 1119
— Majority of women opposed. See Majority.
— Military argument against. See Military.
— Motherhood and. See Motherhood.
— Ministers for and against. See Ministers, Church and Sermons.
— Morality through, xxvi; 18, 22, 24, 39, 43, 67, 115, 120, 136, 308. -Municipal. See Municipal Suffrage.
— Nature and, limitations of, 53; Mrs. Stanton on balance of forces, 58; nature opposes, 94; can not reverse laws of, 100; can be trusted, 168; same, 247; severe lessons of, 209.
— Need of, 46, 69, 84, 88; Mrs. Wallace on, 119; 125, 134; to offset foreign vote, 148; 153; Senate Com. report, 156; by wives and mothers, 161; 168; 193; 244; by city and State, 306; by home, school and municipality, 379; by the Government, 429; 433.
— Negroes and. See Negroes. -Non-partisanship of demand, 38, 80, 81, 143, 173; debate at nat'l. conv. of '97, 280; 344; 409.
— Opposition to. See Introduction; of church, State, home and society, Mrs. Stanton on, 177; ignorance of, 276; great obstacles, 371. See also Liquor Dealers, Remonstrants, Congressional Debates and Reports.
— Organization for. See Organization.
— Petitions for. See Petitions.
— Philosophy of, Mrs. Colby on, 254 See also Ethics.
— Pioneers of. See Pioneers.
— Progress of. See Progress of Wom. Suff. and Equal Rights.
— Protection of, 17; Mrs. Stanton on, 41; 44-6, 51, 59, 74, 99, 107, 122, 168, 245, 378, 413; Higginson on, 424; 426; 428.
— Qualifications for, Sen. Blair on, 87-91; physical, 51; 94 et seq. See also Military.
— Right of. See Right, Suffrage a.
— School. See School Suffrage.
— Science of, scientific aspect, by Mrs. Gage, 28.
— Sermons on. See Sermons.
— South and. See South.
— State's Rights and. See State's Rights.
— Taxation and. See Taxation and Taxpayers' Suffrage.
— Temperance through, xxvi; 18; Bishop Simpson on, 24; 43; Miss Willard's plea, 141; res. against pee selling at World's Fair, 186; 196.
— in Territories. See chapters on Territories.
— Testimony for. See Testimony.
— Universal, approved, xxvii; Cong. Com. rep., 54; same, 82; Mrs. Hooker on, 115; 257; 258; 285; 360.
— War and. See War.
— of nat'l. conv. on carrying wom. suff. into church, 77; on Woman's Bible, 263; in U. S. Senate on amend. for wom. suff., 112.
Wages, see Labor and Statistics.
Wills, see p. 455 and Laws.
War, hated by women, xix, 84, 208; man's part compared to woman's, 115; woman's part in war, 161-2; first to see advantages of peace, 208; pathetic war for suff., 231, 245; war should have consent of women, 335; women left to fight alone, 338; badly needed in Span. Am., 339; women and the South African, 391. See Military and Soldiers.
— Civil, developed woman, 2; results frittered away, 159; woman's part in, 195.
INDEX OF PROPER NAMES.
In order that the following Index may not be overburdened with names, it has seemed best not to include those of officers and workers in the various States unless they are listed in some capacity elsewhere. While this decision causes injustice in some cases, it will be approved when it is considered that in the Massachusetts chapter, for instance, about 600 different individuals are mentioned, some of them a score of times; in those of New York and California, over 300 each, and in that of Vermont, including only seven pages, nearly 150. With half-a-dozen exceptions the State chapters are very short and it will require only a few minutes for the reader to find any name desired. Most of the prominent State workers are mentioned elsewhere and therefore are listed. Even with this arrangement the Index contains almost 1200 names.
B
* Barrows, Isabel C., Miss Anthony as philanthropist, 354; 739. ​
* Barrows, Samuel J., M. C., 297; 703; 712.
* Burns, Frances E., 324. ​
* Burr, Frances Ellen, rep. nat'l conv. of '85, 58: 174; in ‘Conn., 536.
C
* Caulfield, Anna, 336. ​
* Chace, Elizabeth Buffum, work in R. I., 907 et al.
* Collins, Emily P., in R. I, 536; in Mass., 706. ​
* Collyer, Rev. Robert, for wom. suff., 703.
D
* Dingley, Nelson W., M. C, 345. ​
* District of Columbia, names for, Chap. XXXIII.
E
355 protest against wom. suff., 704; inherits prejudice, 736.
F
G
* Gordon, Kate M., 360; writes La. chap., 678: work in Sewerage and Drainage League, 682, ​
* Gordon, Laura de Force, 57; 60; 150; work in Calif., 478 et al.
H
* Harper, Ida Husted, Miss Anthony asks to write Vol. IV, Hist. of Wom. Suff., VII; preface, IX; Author of Life and Work of Susan B. Anthony, 2; resolutions at conv. of '98, 200; 201; dept. in N. Y. Sun, 326; at conv. of 1900, 357; prepares Congress'l rep., 366; 482; 487; 488; work in Calif. campn., 490; work in Ind., 615 et al.; monograph on work of Ind. wom., 624; at Adams, 719. ​
* Harper, Winnifred (Cooley); 490.
* Holt, Gov. Thomas M. (N. C.), opp wom. suff., 212. ​
* Holt, Judge William H., trib. to wom. in business, 676.
I
J
* Jenney, Julie R., 255. ​
* Jennings, Gov. William S. (Fla.), 579.
K
L
* Lincoln, President Abraham, 305; favors wom. suff., 1075. ​
* Lincoln, Judge Charles Z., 858; 864.
M
* McKinley, Mrs. William, 384. ​
* McLaren, Priscilla Bright, wom. suff. in Eng. and America, 22; for Int'l. Council, 124; 135; 301; 366.
N
* Newcomb, Josephine Louise, endows college in La., 688. ​
* Newell, Gov. William A. (Wash.), 967.
O
P
* Platt, U. S. Sen. Orville H., on wom. suff., 1003. ​
* Platt, U. S. Sen. Thomas C., favors wom. suff., 864.
Q
R
S
* Sanders, U. S. Sen. Wilbur F., 1001. ​
* Sargent, U. S. Sen. Aaron A., 23; 366.
T
* Thomas, Dean M. Carey, pres. Bryn Mawr Coll., 426; helps secure Wom. Med. Coll. of Johns Hopkins, 700; trustee Cornell Univ. 871; 916. ​
* Thomas, M. Louise, 175.
U
V
W
* Washington, Joseph E., M. C., opp. wom. suff., 999. ​
* Wattles, Esther. 300.
Y
Z
* ↑ For Congressional action see History of Woman Suffrage, Vol. II, Chaps. XVII, XXIV, XXV; Vol. III, Chap. XXX; present volume, Chaps. III, V, VI, Chapter on Wyoming, and references in footnote of Chap. I.
* ↑ This list is most incomplete, as members change so frequently and the House has not voted on the question since 1869. Most of the names given above are of those who have in some way openly advocated the measure. Practically all of the members from the States where women have the full franchise are in favor, and there always has been a large number from Kansas. In 1896, in response to letters of inquiry, many announced them selves as ready to vote for a suffrage amendment.
* ↑ This is supplementary to matter contained in the State chapters.
* ↑ It has been impossible to index every paper named in the History, and only those are given of which special mention is made.