OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# A Dictionary of All Religions and Religious Denominations/Circumcellians

CIRCUMCELLIANS, (in Latin Cicumcelliones,) a branch of the Donatists. They abounded chiefly in Africa. They had no fixed abode; but rambled about begging, or rather exacting a maintenance from the country people.

## Original footnotes

* ↑ Broughton, vol. i. p. 249.
# A Dictionary of All Religions and Religious Denominations/Christians Of St John

CHRISTIANS OF ST. JOHN, so called because they pretend to have received their faith and traditions from John the Baptist. They always inhabit near a river, in which they baptize; for they never baptize but in rivers, and only on Lord's days. Before they go to the river, they carry the infant to church, where there is a bishop, who reads certain prayers over the head of the child; thence they carry the child to the river, with a train of men and women, who, together with the bishop, go up to the knees in water. Then the bishop reads again certain prayers out of a book; which done, he sprinkles the infant three times, saying, In the name of the Lord, first and last of the world and paradise, the high Creator of all all things. After this the bishop reads again in his book, while the godfather plunges the child all over in the water; after which they all go to the parent's house to feast. They have no knowledge of the doctrine of the trinity; only they say that Christ is the Spirit and Word of the eternal Father. They confess that he became man to free us from the punishment of sin; but when the Jews came to take him, he eluded their cruelty with a shadow.
They have no canonical books, but a number full of charms and traditions. Their chief festivals are three: one in memory of the creation; another on the feast of St. John; and the third, which lasts five days, in June, during which time they are all rebaptized.

## Original footnotes

* ↑ Tavinier's Travels, p. 90, 93.
# A Dictionary of All Religions and Religious Denominations/Christo Sacrum

CHRISTO SACRUM, a society founded in 1801, at Delft, by Onder de Wingaard, an old Burgomaster of that city, an intelligent man, privately instigated, it is said, by the Mennonites, enemies of the reformed. Though there are found among them disciples of Calvin and Luther, the Mennonites are, however, the most numerous. The members of this assembly repeat incessantly that they are not a sect, but a society, whose object is to unite all religions. They admit whoever believes in the divinity of Jesus Christ and in the redemption of mankind by the merits of the passion of the Saviour. The society began with four members, and immediately increased by two or three thousand; as yet they have no public worship except at Delft. Their temple is ornamented with some elegance; three seats and as many pulpits, which rise gradually, are designed for those who read, who chant and who preach.
The worship is divided into two parts; -adoration and instruction. The first takes place every Sunday towards five or six o'clock in the evening; they set forth especially the greatness of God as manifested in the wonders of creation. The instruction takes place once a fortnight, also in the evening; when the principles of revealed religion are developed. The Lord's supper is celebrated six times in a year; the assembly are prostrated during the prayer and blessing.
The society has published some small pieces, of which the first presents in the frontispiece the emblem which it has adopted; it is a cross placed on the gospel and decalogue, and applied to a crown of palm, in which is inscribed in Dutch these words of Jesus Christ: I am the way, the truth and the life; no one can come to the Father but by me.

## Original footnotes

* ↑ Gregorie's History of Religious Sects, vol. i.
# A Dictionary of All Religions and Religious Denominations/Collegiates

COLLEGIATES, a name given to a society of Mennonites in Holland, because they called their religious assemblies colleges. They are also called Rhinstergers. See Mennonites.

## Original footnotes

* ↑ Mosheim, vol. v. p. 59. Collier's Historical Dictionary.
# A Dictionary of All Religions and Religious Denominations/Church Of England

*CHURCH OF ENGLAND. See English Church.
# A Dictionary of All Religions and Religious Denominations/Colarbarsians

COLARBASIANS. See Marcosians.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Seymour, George Henry

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​SEYMOUR. (Captain, 1844.)
George Henry Seymour, born in 1818, is second son of Rear-Admiral Sir Geo. Fras. Seymour, Kt., C.B., G.C.H.
This officer entered the Navy 4 Feb. 1831; passed his examination in 1837; obtained his first commission 27 June, 1838; and after having served on the North America and West India station, as Additional-Lieutenant and Lieutenant, in the Cornwallis 72, flag-ship of Sir Thos. Harvey, Inconstant 36, Capt. Dan. Pring, Winchester 50, bearing the flag also of Sir T. Harvey, Pilot 16, Capt. Geo. Ramsay, and Crocodile 26, Capt. Alex. Milne, was promoted to the rank of Commander in compliment to the King of Prussia, 28 Jan. 1842. He commanded the Wanderer 16, in the East Indies, from 8 March, 1842, until posted, 24 May, 1844; and the Carysfort 26, in the Pacific, from 12 Dec. 1845 until paid off in the spring of 1848. Agents – Messrs. Halford and Co.
​SEYMOUR. (Captain, 1844.)
George Henry Seymour commanded the Wanderer in the Yang-tse-Kiang at the close of the operations in China. While in the same vessel he obtained the public thanks of the Commander-in-Chief for his conduct in the boats, under Capt Hon. Geo. Fowler Hastings of the Harlequin 16! in an attack made, in company with those of the E.I.Co.’s steamer Diana, on the piratical towns of Murdoo and Quallo Batto, in the island of Sumatra. He also received a letter of thanks from the Governor of the British Settlements in the Straits of Malacca, as well as the thanks of the Admiralty, for his exertions in proceeding 60 miles up the river Siac, in Sumatra, and recovering from the Rajah several convicts who had effected their escape from Singapore.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Shairp, Alexander

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​SHAIRP. (Commander, 1827.)
Alexander Shairp is brother of Lieut. Stephen Shairp, R.N.
This officer entered the Navy, 20 May, 1808, as Fst.-cl. Vol., on board the Calypso sloop, Capt. Matthew Barton Bradby, stationed in the North Sea and Baltic; served, from July, 1810, until March, 1813, in the East Indies, as Midshipman, in the Hussar and Modeste frigates, Capts. Alex. Skene and Jas. Coutts Crawford; and, from March, 1813, until presented in Sept. 1815 with a commission bearing date 9 March in that year, was employed in the Channel, at the Cape of Good Hope, and in the Mediterranean in the Niger 38, Capt. Peter Rainier, and Berwick 74, Capt. Edw. Brace. In the Calypso he accompanied the expedition of 1809 to the Walcheren; in the Hussar he co-operated, in 1811, in the reduction of Java; in the Niger he assisted, in company with the Tagus 36, at the capture, 6 Jan. 1814, of the French 40-gun frigate Cérès; and in the Berwick he took part, in 1815, in the siege of Gaeta. His appointments in the capacity of Lieutenant were – in Aug. 1818, to the Rochfort 80, flag-ship of Sir Thos. Fras. Fremantle, fitting for the Mediterranean – 29 March and 16 June, 1820, to the Révolutionnaire 46 and Beaver sloop, Capts. Hon. Fleetwood Broughton Reynolds Pellew and Fred. Marryat, on the Mediterranean and St. Helena stations – 30 Nov. 1822, to the Nimrod 18, Capt. Wm. Rochfort, employed at first in quelling an alarming insurrection of the keelmen in the river Tyne, next on the west coast of Scotland and on a mission to the river Garonne, and finally in cruizing on the coast of Ireland – and, 10 April, 1826, to the Heron 18, Capt. Robt. Tait, equipping for South America. He attained his present rank 30 April, 1827; and from 22 Sept. 1835 until the close of 1838 was employed as an Inspecting-Commander in the Coast Guard. Agents – Messrs. Stilwell.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Shairp, John Hamilton

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​SHAIRP. (Lieutenant, 1844.)
John Hamilton Shairp entered the Navy 19 Dec. 1828; and assisted, when Midshipman, on the coast of Africa, of the Speedwell schooner, Lieut.- Commander Wm. Warren, at the capture, 3 June, 1832, of the Aquila slaver of superior force. He passed his examination .18 May, 1835; served, from 1840 until paid off in 1843, on the East India station, as Mate, in the Favorite 18, Capt. Thos. Ross Sulivan; and on 12 Feb. 1844, soon after he had joined the Apollo troop-ship, Capt. Wm. Maclean, was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant. His next appointments were – 1 May, 1844, as Additional, to the Illustrious 72, flag-ship of Sir Chas. Adam, Commander-in-Chief in North America and the West Indies – 16 Oct. 1844, to the Scylla 16, Capt. Robt. Sharpe, on the same station, whence he returned at the close of 1845 – and, 11 April, 1846, to the Belleisle troop-ship, Capt. John Kingcome, with whom he remained until paid off in 1848.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Shadwell, Charles Frederick Alexander

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​SHADWELL. (Commander, 1846.)
Charles Frederick Alexander Shadwell is son of the Right Hon. Sir Lancelot Shadwell, Kt., Vice-Chancellor of England.
This officer entered the Navy 3 May, 1827; passed his examination in 1833; obtained his first commission 28 June, 1838; was appointed, 26 July following, to the Castor 36, Capt. Edw. Collier, on the Mediterranean station; and, from 3 Dec. 1841 until promoted to his present rank 27 June, 1846, was employed in the East Indies, as First-Lieutenant, in the Fly 18, Capt. Fras. Price Blackwood. In the Castor he took part, in 1840, in the operations against the towns of Caiffa, Jaffa, and Tsour, and assisted at the bombardment of Acre. At Caiffa he was sent with a flag of truce to demand the surrender of that place to the Sublime Porte.
Commander Shadwell is the author of ‘A Table of Arcs for facilitating the Computation of the Latitude, by Double Altitudes of the principal Fixed Stars, calculated for the years 1835, 1845, 1855, &c.’ published in 1837.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Shairp, Stephen

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​SHAIRP. (Lieutenant, 1824. f-p., 23; h-p., 12.)
Stephen Shairp was born in Jan. 1799. He is brother of Commander Alex. Shairp, R.N.
This officer entered the Navy 14 June, 1812, as Fst.-cl. Vol., on board the Aquilon 32, Capt. Wm. Bowles; and in the course of the same year was present, in company with the Sheldrake sloop, at the destruction of seven large merchant-ships, in face of 1500 French soldiers, near Stralsund. On his return to England with Capt. Bowles in the Ceres frigate, after having been for some time employed on the South American station, he became, in July, 1814, Midshipman of the Nymphen 36, Capt. Matthew Smith. From Sept. 1815, until May, 1819, he again served in South America in the Amphion 32, Capts. Wm. Bowles and Wm. Bateman Dashwood. He next, in Aug. 1820, joined the Forte 44, Capt. Sir Thos. John Cochrane, employed in the Channel and also in the West Indies; where on 26 April, 1824, he was confirmed a Lieutenant (three months after he had been ordered to act as such) in the Scout 18, Capt. Jas. Wigston. From Aug. to Dec. of the same year he served with Capt. Edw. Brace in the Ganges 84; and since 31 Dec. 1835 (deducting a command held from 15 June, 1838, until June, 1840, of the Camelion Revenue-cruizer) he has been in charge of a station in the Coast Guard.
He is married and has issue.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Shairp, Alexander Mordaunt

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​SHAIRP. (Lieutenant, 1841.)
Alexander Mordaunt Shairp entered the Navy 18 Jan. 1817; passed his examination 23 July, 1823; and from 28 Jan. 1840 until the close of 1846 was employed as Mate and Lieutenant (commission dated 23 Nov. 1841) in the Coast Guard. He was then, 31 Dec. 1846, appointed Additional of the Penelope steam-frigate of 650 horse-power, bearing the broad pendant of Sir Chas. Hotham on the coast of Africa, where, since 1 May, 1847, he has been serving in the Bittern 12, Capt. Thos. Hope.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Seymour, John Crossley

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​SEYMOUR. (Lieut., 181-3. f-p., 10; hp., 31)
John Crossley Seymour was born 18 Jan. 1793. He is brother of Lieut. Matthew Cassan Seymour, R.N.; nephew of Capt. Stephen Seymour, R.N., who commanded the Arab 16 when that vessel was lost on the Penmarcks, near Brest, 10 June, 1796; and cousin of Capt. Michael Seymour, R.N.
This officer entered the Navy, 20 June, 1806, as Fst.-cl. Vol., on board the Amethyst of 42 guns and 261 men, commanded by his cousin, the late Sir Michael Seymour, under whom, while cruizing off L’Orient, he assisted as Midshipman at the capture, 11 Nov. 1808, of the French frigate La Thétis of 44 guns and 436 men, including troops, which was boarded and carried at the close of a furious contest of more than three hours, in which the British lost 19 men killed and 51 wounded, and the enemy 135 killed and 102 wounded. He also, 6 April, 1809, took part in a severe intermittent action of about four hours, which terminated in the capture, with a loss to the Amethyst of 8 men killed and 37 wounded, of another of the enemy’s frigates, Le Niemen of 46 guns and 339 men, of whom 47 were slain and 73 wounded. After attending the expedition to Flushing, Mr. Seymour, in Oct. 1809, followed his relative into the Niemen, which had been added to the British navy as a 38-gun frigate and in May, 1812, he accompanied him in the capacity of Master’s Mate into the Hannibal 74. In the spring of 1813 he sailed in the Indefatigable 44, Capt. John Fyffe, for South America, where he joined the Montagu 74, flag-ship of Rear-Admiral Manley Dixon, and Nereus 42, Capt. Manley Hall Dixon, and was made Lieutenant, 16 July in the same year, into the Satellite 16, Capts. John Porteous, Fras, Chas. Annesley, Gordon, Thos. Saville Griffinhoofe, and Chas. Sam. White. He served in that vessel, latterly on the West India station, until Aug. 1815, and has since been on half-pay.
He married, 11 May, 1818, Miss Frances Maria Seymour, and has by her two sons and one daughter.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Seymour, Matthew Cassan

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​SEYMOUR. (Lieut., 1815. f-p., 9; h-p., 31.)
Matthew Cassan Seymour is brother of Lieut. John Crossley Seymour, R.N.
This officer entered the. Navy, 2 June, 1807, as Fst.-cl. Vol., on board the Amethyst of 42 guns and 261 men, commanded by the late Sir Michael Seymour, with whom, after having contributed, in the capacity of Midshipman, to the capture of the frigates alluded to in our memoir of his brother and taken part in the operations connected with the Walcheren expedition, he removed, in Oct. 1809 to the Niemen 38, and in May, 1812, as Master’s Mate, to the Hannibal 74. In the latter ship he ​was present, in March, 1814, at the capture, off Cherbourg, of the French 40-gun frigate La Sultane. On his return from a voyage to the West Indies he joined at Plymouth, towards the close of 1814, the Salvador del Mundo, flag-ship of Vice-Admiral Wm. Domett, and Impregnable 98, Capt. Nash. From 25 Feb. until 3 March, 1815, he acted as Lieutenant in the Scamander 36, Capt. Gilbert Heathcote, lying at the same port; and in the following Nov., at which period he had been again for some months serving as Master’s Mate in the Impregnable, bearing the flag of Sir Josias Rowley in the Mediterranesm, he was presented with a commission dated 8 of the preceding March. He has since been on half-pay.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Cleugh, Robert

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​CLEUGH. (Lieutenant, 1828.)
Robert Cleugh entered the Navy, 16 May, 1810; passed his examination in 1816; acquired his present rank 23 June, 1828; and was afterwards appointed, 19 Feb. 1830, to the Coast Blockade, as Supernumerary-Lieutenant of the Talavera 74, Capt. Hugh Pigot — and, 15 April, 1831, to the command of a station on the Coast Guard. Since 1834 he has been on half-pay. Agents — Messrs. Stilwell.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Clifford, Herbert John

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​CLIFFORD. (Lieut., 1811. f-p., 38; h-p., 7.)
Herbert John Clifford entered the Navy, 10 Oct. 1802, as Third-cl. Boy, on board the Leander 50, Capt. Jas. Oughton, bearing the flag on the North American station of Sir Andw. Mitchell; in which ship he attained the rating of Midshipman 21 July, 1804, and assisted, under Capt. John Talbot, at the capture, 23 Feb. 1805, of La Ville de Milan, French frigate, of 46 guns, and the simultaneous re-capture of her prize, the Cleopatra 32. After serving for a few weeks with Capt. John Wight on board the latter vessel, he rejoined the Leander, and, on subsequently removing with Vice Admiral Hon. Geo. Cranfield Berkeley to the Leopard 50, Capt. Salusbury Pryce Humphreys, witnessed the surrender to that ship, on 22 June, 1807, of the United States frigate Chesapeake. The Leopard having been appointed, early in 1808, flag-ship at the Cape of Good Hope of Vice-Admiral Albemarle Bertie, Mr. Clifford proceeded in her to that station, and, on 21 Dec. following and 6 April, 1810, was successively appointed Acting-Lieutenant of the Caledon, Capt. Jas. Tomkinson, and Boadicea 38, Capt. Josias Rowley. In the course of the latter year he aided at the retaking of the Africaine 38, and at the capture, after a spirited action of 10 minutes, and a loss to the Boadicea of 2 men wounded, and to the enemy of 9 killed and ​15 wounded, of La Vénus of 44 guns and 380 men, bearing the broad pendant of Commodore Hamelin, and of the Ceylon 32, her prize; and he further served on shore at the reduction of Isle Bourbon and of the Isle of France. On 5 Dec. 1810, Mr. Clifford become Acting Flag-Lieutenant, in the Africaine, to Vice-Admiral Bertie. Obtaining his official promotion 22 April, 1811, he was afterwards, between June, 1812, and Oct. 1817, appointed, on the East India station, to the acting-command for a brief period of the Samarang 18, and, next, to the Bucephalus 32, Capt. Barrington Reynolds, Illustrious and Minden 74’s, flagships of Sir Sam. Hood, Africaine 38, Capt. Hon. Edw. Rodney, and Victor 16, and Lyra 10, both commanded by Capt. Basil Hall. He has been an Inspecting-Commander in the Coast Guard since 11 Oct. 1823.
Lieut. Clifford, who, when on board the Lyra, accompanied Lord Amherst’s embassy to China in 1816-17, compiled on that occasion a vocabulary of the language of the Great Loo-choo Island, which may be found in Capt. Basil Hall’s ‘Voyage of Discovery to the Western Coast of Corea and the Great Loo-choo Island, in the Japan Sea,’ &c.
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# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Clephan, James

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​CLEPHAN. (Retired Captain, 1840. f-p., 20; h-p., 33.)
James Clephan was born in Fifeshire, N.B. This officer entered the Navy (through the hands of a press-gang, after having served his time as an apprentice in the merchant-service), 23 July, 1794, as A.B., on board the Sibyl 28, Capt. Hon. Chas. Jones, afterwards Viscount Ranelagh, with whom he joined, 7 Oct. 1795, as Master’s Mate, the Doris 36, in which frigate he continued to serve, in the North Sea and on the Irish station, latterly under Capts. John Halliday and Chas. Brisbane, until July, 1801. On the night of 21 of the latter month we find him assisting, in the boats of the Doris and of the Beaulieu and Uranie frigates, all commanded by Lieut. Keith Maxwell, at the cutting-out of La Chevrette corvette, of 20 long nine-pounders and 350 men, under the batteries in Camaret Bay, near Brest, a position deemed almost impregnable, after a deadly conflict, in which the enemy lost their Captain, 6 other officers, and 85 men killed, and 1 Lieutenant, 4 Midshipmen, and 57 men wounded – and the British 1 Lieutenant, R.M., 1 Midshipman, and 9 men slain, and 2 Lieutenants, 1 Master’s Mate, 3 Midshipmen, and 51 men wounded. For his distinguished gallantry on that memorable occasion, when, although knocked overboard while ascending her side, he was the first to gain the enemy’s deck, and there received several slight wounds, Mr. Clephan was promoted, on 31 of the same month, to a well-earned Lieutenancy in the Namur 98, Capt. Hon. Michael De Courcy. While belonging next, from 11 March, 1803, to Dec. 1809, to the Spartiate 74, Capts. Geo. Murray, John Manley, and Sir Fras. Laforey, he visited the Mediterranean, took part in the battle of Trafalgar, 21 Oct. 1805, and was for four years employed as her First-Lieutenant in the West Indies. Having been promoted to the rank of Commander, from the Dragon 74, flag-ship of Sir F. Laforey, 20 April, 1811, the subject of this notice was, on 15 June following, appointed to the ​Charybdis sloop, in which he captured, 31 Dec. 1812, near the island of Saba, the American privateer Blockade, of 10 guns and 66 men. In 1814-15 he also shared in the expedition against New Orleans, and on its failure conveyed to Sir Geo. Cockburn off Cumberland Island the despatches announcing the intelligence. Capt. Clephan went on half-pay 23 Aug. 1815, and, unable to procure further employment, accepted his present rank 29 Oct. 1840.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Clyde, Charles

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​CLYDE. (Retired Captain, 1840. f-p., 25; h-p., 38.)
Charles Clyde entered the Navy, 15 June, 1784, as A.B., on board the Trimmer sloop, commanded, latterly, by Capt. Chas. Tyler, and employed for the suppression of smuggling in the Bristol Channel. He attained the rating of Midshipman 2 Dec. 1784, and, from July, 1786, until the breaking out of the French revolutionary war, continued to serve on the Home station, on borad the Spider cutter, Lieut.-Commander Edmonstone, Impregnable and Nero, ships of the line, Capt. Thos. Pringle, Hyaena 24, Capt. John Aylmer, Royal George 100, ​bearing the flag of Admiral Barrington, London 98, Capt. Geo. Blagden Westcott, and, in the Mediterranean, on board the Romney 50, flag-ship of Rear-Admiral Sam. Cranston Goodall. He then followed the latter officer into the Princess Royal 98, in which ship we find him, during the months of Aug. 1793, and Feb. 1794, present in action with the forts at the occupation of Toulon, and at the capture of St. Fiorenza. After a period of five months’ additional servitude in the Victory 100, flag-ship of Lord Hood, Mr. Clyde, on 18 Aug. 1794, was reappointed, with the rank of Lieutenant, to the Princess Royal, commanded as before; and he had thus an opportunity of witnessing Hotham’s partial actions of 14 March and 13 July, 1795. On 7 Oct. 1796 he next joined the Glory 98, Capt. Brine; and, on 2 May, 1798, he was appointed to the Captain 74, Capts. John Aylmer, Geo. Bowen, Sir Rich. John Strachan, and Chas. Boyles. Under Sir Rich. Strachan, he assisted at the capture, 19 June, 1799, of Rear-Admiral Perree’s squadron of three frigates and two brigs; and, in 1800, attended tile expeditions against Quiberon and Ferrol, besides contributing to the boat-destruction, on 18 Nov. in that year, of a 20-gun corvette, defended by a heavy fire on all sides from the shore in the Morbihan. The Captain being paid off on her return from Jamaica, in 1802, Lieut. Clyde’s subsequent appointments, until promoted to the rank of Commander, 21 Oct. 1810, appear to have been, in July, 1803, to the Sea Fencibles at Maidstone; and, on the North Sea station – 26 Sept. 1804, to the Hindostan, Capt. Alex. Fraser – 16 Feb. 1805, to the Inflexible 64, Capt. Thos. Bayley – 19 July, 1805, to the Dictator 64, Capt. Jas. Macnamara – for six weeks in 1808 to the acting-command of the Quebec 32 – then, again, to the Dictator, Capt. Donald Campbell – and, in Aug. 1809, as First, to the York 74, Capt. Robt. Barton, attached to the force in the Mediterranean. Capt. Clyde, who has been on half-pay ever since 1810, assumed his present rank 10 Sept. 1840.
He married, 20 April, 1818, a daughter of the Rev. Wm. Milton, vicar of Heckfield, co. Hants.