OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Thom's Irish Who's Who/Drury, Henry Cooke

​DRURY, Henry Cooke, M.D., University, Dublin; F.R.C.P.I., late Lieut.-Col. (temp.), R.A.M.C.: Physician, Sir P. Dunn's Hospital, Dublin; Consulting Physician Rotunda Hospital; late Physician Cork Street Fever Hospital; b. 28th Oct., 1860; 5th son of late Thomas Drury, J.P., of Dartry, Rathmines, Dublin, and Marion, dau. of John Girdwood, of Corstorphine, Edinburgh; m. 1891, Florence, dau. of late Edmund J. Figgis, J.P., of Glenasmoil, Rathmines, Dublin, and has issue one dau. Res.: 48 Fitzwilliam Square, W., Dublin. University Club, Dublin.
# Uncle Remus: His Songs and His Sayings/Mr. Fox goes a-hunting, but Mr. Rabbit bags the Game
## Legends of the Old Plantation
### XV. Mr. Fox goes a-hunting, but Mr. Rabbit bags the Game

“Atter Brer Fox hear ’bout how Brer Rabbit done Brer Wolf,” said Uncle Remus, scratching his head with the point of his awl, “he ’low, he did, dat he better not be so brash, en he sorter let Brer Rabbit ’lone. Dey wuz all time seein’ one nudder, en ’bunnunce er times Brer Fox could er nab Brer Rabbit, but eve’y time he got de chance, his mine ’ud sorter rezume ’bout Brer Wolf, en he let Brer Rabbit ’lone. Bimeby dey ’gun ter git kinder familious wid wunner nudder like dey useter, en it got so Brer Fox’d call on Brer Rabbit, en dey’d set up en smoke der pipes, dey would, like no ha’sh feelin’s ’d ever rested ’twixt um.
“Las’, one day Brer Fox come ’long all rig out, en ax Brer Rabbit fer ter go huntin’ wid ’im, but Brer Rabbit, he sorter feel lazy, en he tell Brer Fox dat he got some udder fish fer ter fry. Brer Fox feel mighty sorry, he did, but he say he bleeve he try his han’ enny how, en off he put. He wuz gone all day, en he had a monstus streak er luck, Brer Fox did, en he bagged a sight er game. Bimeby, to’rds de shank er de evenin’, Brer Rabbit sorter stretch hisse’f, he did, en ’low hit’s mos’ time fer Brer Fox fer ter git ’long home. Den Brer Rabbit, he went’n mounted a stump fer ter see ef he could year Brer Fox comin’. He ain’t bin dar long, twel sho’ enuff, yer come Brer Fox thoo de woods, singing like a nigger at a frolic. Brer Rabbit, he lipt down off’n de stump, he did, en lay down in de road en make like he dead. Brer Fox he come ’long, he did, en see Brer Rabbit layin’ dar. He tu’n ’im over, he did, en ’zamine ’im, en say, sezee:
“‘Dish yer rabbit dead. He look like he bin dead long time. He dead, but he mighty fat. He de fattes’ rabbit w’at I ever see, but he bin dead too long. I feard ter take ’im home,’ sezee.
“Brer Rabbit ain’t sayin’ nuthin’. Brer Fox, he sorter lick his chops, but he went on en lef’ Brer Rabbit layin’ in de road. Dreckly he wuz outer sight, Brer Rabbit, he jump up, he did, en run roun’ thoo de Woods en git befo Brer Fox agin. Brer Fox, he come up, en dar lay Brer Rabbit, periently col’ en stiff. Brer Fox, he look at Brer Rabbit, en he sorter study. Atter while he onslung his game-bag, en say ter hisse’f, sezee:
“‘Deze yer rabbits gwine ter was’e. I’ll des ’bout leave my game yer, en I’ll go back’n git dat udder rabbit, en I’ll make fokes b’leeve dat I’m ole man Hunter fum Huntsville,’ sezee.
“En wid dat he drapt his game en loped back up de road atter de udder rabbit, en w’en he got outer sight, ole Brer Rabbit, he snatch up Brer Fox game en put out fer home. Nex’ time he see Brer Fox he holler out:
“‘What you kill de udder day, Brer Fox?’ sezee.
“Den Brer Fox, he sorter koam his flank wid his tongue, en holler back:
“‘I kotch a han’ful er hard sense, Brer Rabbit,’ sezee.
“Den ole Brer Rabbit, he laff, he did, en up en ’spon’, sezee: ‘Ef I’d a know’d you wuz atter dat, Brer Fox, I’d a loant you some er mine,’ sezee.”
# Uncle Remus: His Songs and His Sayings/Jeems Rober’son’s Last Illness
## His Sayings
### I. Jeems Rober’son’s Last Illness

A Jonesboro negro, while waiting for the train to go out, met up with Uncle Remus. After the usual “time of day” had been passed between the two, the former inquired about an acquaintance.
“How’s Jeems Rober’son?” he asked.
“Ain’t you year ’bout Jim?” asked Uncle Remus.
“Dat I ain’t,” responded the other; “I ain’t hear talk er Jem sence he cut loose fum de chain-gang. Dat w’at make I ax. He ain’t down wid de biliousness, is he?”
“Not dat I knows un,” responded Uncle Remus, gravely. “He ain’t sick, an’ he ain’t bin sick. He des tuck’n say he wuz gwineter ride dat ar roan mule er Mars John’s de udder Sunday, an’ de mule, she up’n do like she got nudder ingagement. I done bin fool wid dat mule befo’, an’ I tuck’n tole Jim dat he better not git tangle up wid ’er; but Jim, he up’n ’low dat he wuz a hoss-doctor, an’ wid dat he ax me fer a chaw terbacker, en den he got de bridle, en tuck’n kotch de mule en got on her—Well,” continued Uncle Remus, looking uneasily around, “I speck you better go git yo’ ticket. Dey tells me dish yer train goes a callyhootin’.”
“Hol’ on dar, Uncle Remus; you ain’t tell me ’bout Jim,” exclaimed the Jonesboro negro.
“I done tell you all I knows, chile. Jim, he tuck’n light on de mule, an’ de mule she up’n hump ’erse’f, an den dey wuz a skuffle, an’ w’en de dus’ blow ’way, dar lay de nigger on de groun’, an’ de mule she stood eatin’ at de troff wid wunner Jim’s gallusses wrop ’roun’ her behime-leg. Den atterwuds, de ker’ner, he come ’roun’, an’ he tuck’n gin it out dat Jim died sorter accidental like. Hit’s des like I tell you: de nigger wern’t sick a minnit. So long! Bimeby you won’t ketch yo’ train. I got ter be knockin’ long.”
# Uncle Remus: His Songs and His Sayings/In the Rôle of a Tartar
## His Sayings
### IX. In the Rôle of a Tartar

A Charleston negro who was in Atlanta on the Fourth of July made a mistake. He saw Uncle Remus edging his way through the crowd, and thought he knew him.
“Howdy, Daddy Ben?” the stranger exclaimed. “I tink I nubber see you no mo’. Wey you gwan? He hot fer true, ain’t he?”
“Daddy who?” asked Uncle Remus, straightening himself up with dignity. “W’ich?”
“I know you in Char’son, an’ den in Sewanny. I spec I dun grow away from ’membrance.”
“You knowed me in Charlstun, and den in Savanny?”
“He been long time, ain’t he, Daddy Ben?”
“Dat’s w’at’s a pesterin’ un me. How much you reckon you know’d me?”
“He good while pas’; when I wer’ pickaninny. He long time ago. Wey you gwan, Daddy Ben?”
“W’at does you season your recollection wid fer ter make it hol’ on so?” inquired the old man.
“I dunno. He stick hese’f. I see you comin’ ’long ’n I say ‘Dey Daddy Ben.’ I tink I see you no mo’, an’ I shaky you by de han’. Wey you gwan? Dey no place yer wey we git wine?”
Uncle Remus stared at the strange darkey curiously for a moment, and then he seized him by the arm.
“Come yer, son, whar dey ain’t no folks an’ lemme drap some Jawjy ’intment in dem years er yone. Youer mighty fur ways fum home, an’ you wanter be a lookin’ out fer yo’se’f. Fus and fo’mus, youer thumpin’ de wrong watermillion. Youer w’isslin’ up de wrong chube. I ain’t tromped roun’ de country much. I ain’t bin to Charlstun an’ needer is I tuck in Savanny; but you couldn’t rig up no game on me dat I wouldn’t tumble on to it de minit I laid my eyeballs on you. W’en hit come to dat I’m ole man Tumbler, fum Tumblersville—I is dat. Hit takes one er deze yer full-blooded w’ite men fur ter trap my jedgment. But w’en a nigger comes a jabberin’ ’roun’ like he got a mouf full er rice straw, he ain’t got no mo’ chance long side er me dan a sick sparrer wid a squinch-owl. You gutter travel wid a circus ’fo’ you gits away wid me. You better go long an’ git yo’ kyarpet-sack and skip de town. Youer de freshest nigger w’at I seen yit.”
The Charleston negro passed on just as a police-man came up. “Boss, you see dat smart Ellick?”
“Yes, what’s the matter with him?”
“He’s one er deze yer scurshun niggers from Charlstun. I seed you a-stannin’ over agin de cornder yander, an’ ef dat nigger’d a draw’d his monty kyards on me, I wuz a gwineter holler fer you. Would youer come, boss?”
“Why, certainly, Uncle Remus.”
“Dat’s w’at I ’low’d. Little more’n he’d a bin aboard er de wrong waggin. Dat’s w’at he’d a bin.”
# Uncle Remus: His Songs and His Sayings/Mr. Fox and the Deceitful Frogs
## Legends of the Old Plantation
### XIV. Mr. Fox and the Deceitful Frogs

When the little boy ran in to see Uncle Remus the night after he had told him of the awful fate of Brer Wolf, the only response to his greeting was:
“I-doom-er-ker-kum-mer-ker!”
No explanation could convey an adequate idea of the intonation and pronunciation which Uncle Remus brought to bear upon this wonderful word. Those who can recall to mind the peculiar gurgling, jerking, liquid sound made by pouring water from a large jug, or the sound produced by throwing several stones in rapid succession into a pond of deep water, may be able to form a very faint idea of the sound, but it can not be reproduced in print. The little boy was astonished.
“What did you say, Uncle Remus?”
“I-doom-er-ker-kum-mer-ker! I-doom-er-ker-kum-mer-ker!”
“What is that?”
“Dat’s Tarrypin talk, dat is. Bless yo’ soul, honey,” continued the old man, brightening up, “w’en you git ole ez me—w’en you see w’at I sees, en year w’at I years—de creeturs dat you can’t talk wid’ll be mighty skase—dey will dat. W’y, der’s er old gray rat w’at uses ’bout yer, en time atter time he comes out w’en you all done gone ter bed en sets up dar in de cornder en dozes, en me en him talks by de ’our; en w’at dat old rat dunno ain’t down in de spellin’ book. Des now, w’en you run in and broke me up, I wuz fetchin’ into my mine w’at Brer Tarrypin say ter Brer Fox w’en he turn ’im loose in de branch.”
“What did he say, Uncle Remus?”
“Dat w’at he said—I-doom-er-ker-kum-mer-ker! Brer Tarrypin wuz at de bottom er de pon’, en he talk back, he did, in bubbles—I-doom-er-ker-kum-mer-ker! Brer Fox, he ain’t sayin’ nuthin’, but Brer Bull-Frog, settin’ on de bank, he hear Brer Tarrypin, he did, en he holler back:
“Jug-er-rum-kum-dum! Jug-er-rum-kum-dum!’
“Den Brer Frog holler out: ‘Knee-deep! Knee-deep!’
“Den ole Brer Bull-Frog, he holler back: ‘Don’-you-ber-lieve-’im! Don’t-you-ber-lieve-’im!’
“Den de bubbles come up fum Brer Tarrypin: ‘I-doom-er-ker-kum-mer-ker!’
“Den Brer Frog sing out: ‘Wade in! Wade in!’
“Den ole Brer Bull-Frog talk thoo his ho’seness: ‘Dar-you’ll-fine-yo’-brudder! Dar-you’ll-fine-yo’-brudder!’
“Sho nuff, Brer Fox look over de bank, he did, en dar wuz n’er Fox lookin’ at ’im outer de water. Den he retch out fer ter shake han’s, en in he went, heels over head, en Brer Tarrypin bubble out:
“‘I-doom-er-ker-kum-mer-ker!’”
“Was the Fox drowned, Uncle Remus?” asked the little boy.
“He weren’t zackly drowndid, honey,” replied the old man, with an air of cautious reserve. “He did manage fer ter scramble out, but a little mo’ en de Mud Turkle would er got ’im, en den he’d er bin made hash un worl’ widout een’.”
# Thom's Irish Who's Who/Oulton, George Nugent

​OULTON, George Nugent, B.A. (T.C.D.); Barrister King's Inns, 1873; K.C., 1904; Bencher, 1916; Conveyancing Counsel to the Master of the Rolls. Res.: 19 Upper Mount Street, Dublin.
# Thom's Irish Who's Who/Ovens, Brig.-Gen. Robert Montgomery

​OVENS, Brig.-Gen. Robert Montgomery, C.M.G. (1915), J.P. for Co. Donegal. Educ.: Kingsley College, Westward Ho; R.M.C., Sandhurst; 2nd Lieut. 2nd Batt. The S. Staffordshire Regt., March, 1889; Capt. and Adj. 1896; Major, 1907; Lieut.-Col. commanding 1st Batt. South Staffordshire Regt., 1913; Colonel, 1917; G.S.O. (1st class) on Staff in India, and D.A.A.G. Musketry, India, 1901-4; Brigade-Major, India, 1904, 6; Brig.-Gen. 1916; served European War in Belgium and France 1914-17; ret. 1919: Order of St. Stanislas of Russia (3rd class). Recns.: shooting, fishing, and hunting; second son of late John Coote Ovens, J.P., F.R.C.S.I., of Aughnagaddy House, and Killybegs, Co. Donegal; b. 1868; m. 1910, Beatrice, dau. of William Clibborn, of Liverpool, and has issue two daus. Res.: Aughnagaddy House, Ramelton, Co. Donegal.
# Thom's Irish Who's Who/Oxmantown, Lord

​OXMANTOWN, Lord (title borne by eldest son of Earl of Rosse).
# Thom's Irish Who's Who/Ovenden, Charles Thomas

​OVENDEN, Charles Thomas, D.D., Dean of St. Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin (1911). Educ.: Portora Royal School, Enniskillen, The Lyceum, Mannheim, Trinity College, Dublin (M.A., D.D.); ordained Curate of St. Ann's, Belfast, 1870; Rector of Dunluce, Co. Antrim, 1872-1879; Succentor of St. Patrick's Cathedral, 1879-1884; Rector of Ballywillan, Portrush, 1884-1886; Rector of Enniskillen and Precentor of Clogher, 1886; Canon of St. Patrick's Cathedral, 1889-1911; Dean of Clogher, 1903-1911; b. 11th Sept., 1846; eldest son of William Chambers Ovenden, M.D., Enniskillen. Pubns.: Cathedral Anthems; In the Day of Trouble; To Whom shall we go?; The Enthusiasm of Christianity; The Church Navvy; The Face of Nature; Marvels in the World of Light; Popular Science for Parochial Evenings; The Foundation of a Happy Life; Problems in Life and Religion; Deep Questions; Articles in the Hibbert Journal; A Church Service in D; Anthems. Recns.: music, oil painting and golf. Res.: The Deanery, St. Patrick's Close, Dublin. Clubs: Friendly Brothers of St. Patrick, Dublin; Sutton Golf Club, Co. Dublin; Hibernian Catch Club.
# Thom's Irish Who's Who/Pain, Brig.-Gen. Sir William Hacket-

​PAIN, Brig.-Gen. Sir William Hacket-, K.B.E. (1919), C.B. (1900); served in Soudan War, 1888-91, horse shot; British Medal and Clasp, Egyptian Star and Clasp; 3rd class Osmanieh and 3rd class Medjedieh; promoted Major Worcestershire Regt; Dongola Expedition, 1896, horse shot. Medal and three clasps, Brevet Lieut.-Col.; Nile Expedition, British medal, 1897-8 (A.G. of Egyptian Army); S, Africa, 1900-02; Justice of the Peace; Member Parliament, Westminster, S. Derry Division, Feb., 1922; Ulster Unionist, Divisional Commissioner, R.I.C., 1920 to truce, for Ulster; Brevet Colonel and C.B.; European War, 1915-18; 1915 Star, British general service and Victory medals; Irish Rebellion, 1916 (Comd. N. Dist., Ireland); Comd. S. Mid. Dist., 1908-11; retired 1912; Brig. Comdr. with rank of Brig. Gen., 1914; son of late George Pain, 11th Hussars; b. 1855; m. 1898, Saidie, dau. of late Sidney Merton, of Sydney, N.S. Wales. United Service Club, and Royal Automobile Club, London.
# Thom's Irish Who's Who/Pakenham, Capt. Hon Edward Michael

​PAKENHAM, Capt. Hon Edward Michael, J.P. Co. Westmeath; Major Coldstream Guards; served in S. African War, 1900-01: European War, 1914-18; third son of 4th Earl of Longford. Res.: 24 Bruton Street, London, W.1.
# Thom's Irish Who's Who/Owen-Lewis, Lieut.-Col. Arthur Francis

​OWEN-LEWIS, Lieut.-Col. Arthur Francis, O.B.E. (1918), D.S.O. (1900), late Lieut.-Col. Yorks Regt.; D.L. for Co. Monaghan. Educ. at Beaumont; entered Army, 1889; Adjutant 6th Batt. Lanes. Fusiliers during S. African War, 1900-01; served as Staff Officer during European War, 1914-5; was Governor of Dundalk Civil Prison; Governor of Mountjoy Prison, Dublin, 1910-2; Inspector General Prisons Board, Ireland, 1912-20; served with Expeditionary Force, France, 1916-8, Temp. Lieut.-Col.; only surviving son of late Henry Owen-Lewis, M.P.. of Inniskeen, and Frances, dau. of Francis C. Elsegood; b. 1868: m. 1896. Kathleen, dau. of Wm. Henry, R.I.C., of Tivoli, Co. Dublin. Res.: Inniskeen, Co. Monaghan.
# Thom's Irish Who's Who/Pack-Beresford, Denis R.

Denis Robert Pack-Beresford
​PACK-BERESFORD, Denis R., O.B.E. (1918), B.A. (Oxon.), D.L., J.P. Co. Carlow (High Sheriff, 1890); Member Royal Irish Academy. Educ.: Rugby; Christ Church, Oxford. Recns.: natural history hunting, shooting fishing, motoring; eldest ​son of late Denis W. Pack-Beresford, M.D., D.L.; b. 23rd March, 1864; m. 1891, Alice (d. 1918, only dau. of James Acheson Lyle, of Glandore, Kilrea, Co. Londonderry. Res.: Fenagh House, Bagnalstown. Co. Carlow; the Tansey, Howth, Co. Dublin. Culbs: White's, London; Royal Irish Automobile; Kildare Street, Dublin.
# Thom's Irish Who's Who/Pakenham, Col. Hercules Arthur

​PAKENHAM, Col. Hercules Arthur, C.M.G. (1917); Officer Legion of Honour (1917); D.S.M., 1919 (U.S.A.); D.L., J.P. Co. Antrim (High Sheriff, 1906). Educ.: Eton; R.M.C., Sandhurst; Lieut. Grenadier Guards, 1883; A.D.C. to Gov.-Gen. Canada, 1886-88; to Gov.-Gen., India, 1888-93: Private Secretary to Governor, Victoria, 1898-1900; Major 4th Batt. R. Irish Rifles, 1898-1903; Lieut.-Col. commanding London Irish Rifles, 1906-13; raised and commanded 11th (Service) Batt. R. Irish Rifles, Sept., 1914; G.S.O. (2nd Grade) from 1918; Hon. Col. from 1919; Private Secretary to Under Sec. of State for Colonies, and President Board of Agriculture, 1901-5; Member L.C.C. Marylebone East, 1910. Recns.: shooting and yachting; eldest son of Lieut.-Gen. Thomas Henry Pakenham, C.B.; b. 1863; m. 1895, Lilian Blanche, dau. of late Rt. Hon. Evelyn Ashley, P.C, of Broadland, Romsey, Hants, and has issue one son and two daus. Res: Langford Lodge, Crumlin, Co. Antrim. Clubs; Carlton, Guards', London.
# Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District/Concurrence White

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
* Concurring Opinions Stewart White
* Dissenting Opinions Black Harlan
* Linked case(s):
* 413 U.S. 15 478 U.S. 675 484 U.S. 260
United States Supreme Court
393 U.S. 503
Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District
Argued: Nov. 12, 1968. --- Decided: Feb 24, 1969
Mr. Justice WHITE, concurring.
While I join the Court's opinion, I deem it appropriate to note, first, that the Court continues to recognize a distinction between communicating by words and communicating by acts or conduct which sufficiently impinges on some valid state interest; and, second, that I do not subscribe to everything the Court of Appeals said about free speech in its opinion in Burnside v. Byars, 363 F.2d 744, 748 (C.A.5th Cir. 1966), a case relied upon by the Court in the matter now before us.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District/Concurrence Stewart

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
* Concurring Opinions Stewart White
* Dissenting Opinions Black Harlan
* Linked case(s):
* 413 U.S. 15 478 U.S. 675 484 U.S. 260
United States Supreme Court
393 U.S. 503
Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District
Argued: Nov. 12, 1968. --- Decided: Feb 24, 1969
Mr. Justice STEWART, concurring.
Although I agree with much of what is said in the Court's opinion, and with its judgment in this case, I cannot share the Court's uncritical assumption that, school discipline aside, the First Amendment rights of children are co-extensive with those of adults. Indeed, I had thought the Court decided otherwise just last Term in Ginsberg v. New York, 390 U.S. 629, 88 S.Ct. 1274, 20 L.Ed.2d 195. I continue to hold the view I expressed in that case: '(A) State may permissibly determine that, at least in some precisely delineated areas, a child-like someone in a captive audience-is not possessed of that full capacity for individual choice which is the presupposition of First Amendment guarantees.' Id., at 649-650, 88 S.Ct. at 1285-1286 (concurring in result.) Cf. Prince v. Massachusetts, 321 U.S. 158, 64 S.Ct. 438, 88 L.Ed. 645.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District/Dissent Harlan

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
* Concurring Opinions Stewart White
* Dissenting Opinions Black Harlan
* Linked case(s):
* 413 U.S. 15 478 U.S. 675 484 U.S. 260
United States Supreme Court
393 U.S. 503
Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District
Argued: Nov. 12, 1968. --- Decided: Feb 24, 1969
Mr. Justice HARLAN, dissenting.
I certainly agree that state public school authorities in the discharge of their responsibilities are not wholly exempt from the requirements of the Fourteenth Amendment respecting the freedoms of expression and association. At the same time I am reluctant to believe that there is any disagreement between the majority and myself on the proposition that school officials should be accorded the widest authority in maintaining discipline and good order in their institutions. To translate that proposition into a workable constitutional rule, I would, in cases like this, cast upon those complaining the burden of showing that a particular school measure was motivated by other than legitimate school concerns-for example, a desire to prohibit the expression of an unpopular point of view, while permitting expression of the dominant opinion.
Finding nothing in this record which impugns the good faith of respondents in promulgating the armband regulation, I would affirm the judgment below.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Tinker v. Midland Valley Mercantile Company

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
231 U.S. 681
Tinker v. Midland Valley Mercantile Company
Argued: October 30, 1931. --- Decided: January 5, 1914
Mr. Charles H. Merillat for plaintiff in error
No appearance for defendant in error.
Mr. Justice Holmes delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Wikidata item.
393 U.S. 503 (1969) was a decision by the United States Supreme Court that defined the constitutional rights of students in U.S. public schools. The Tinker test is still used by courts today to determine whether a school's disciplinary actions violate students' First Amendment rights.

## Concurring Opinions

    Stewart
    White

## Dissenting Opinions

    Black
    Harlan

## Linked case(s)

413 U.S. 15 478 U.S. 675 484 U.S. 260
United States Supreme Court
393 U.S. 503
Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District
Argued: Nov. 12, 1968. --- Decided: Feb 24, 1969
Dan Johnston, Des Moines, Iowa, for petitioners.
Allan A. Herrick, Des Moines, Iowa, for respondents.
Mr. Justice FORTAS delivered the opinion of the Court.
Petitioners, three public school pupils in Des Moines, Iowa, were suspended from school for wearing black armbands to protest the Government's policy in Vietnam. They sought nominal damages and an injunction against a regulation that the respondents had promulgated banning the wearing of armbands. The District Court dismissed the complaint on the ground that the regulation was within the Board's power, despite the absence of any finding of substantial interference with the conduct of school activities. The Court of Appeals, sitting en banc, affirmed by an equally divided court. Held:
1. In wearing armbands, the petitioners were quiet and passive. They were not disruptive and did not impinge upon the rights of others. In these circumstances, their conduct was within the protection of the Free Speech Clause of the First Amendment and the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth. Pp. 505-506.
2. First Amendment rights are available to teachers and students, subject to application in light of the special characteristics of the school environment. Pp. 506-507.
3. A prohibition against expression of opinion, without any evidence that the rule is necessary to avoid substantial interference with school discipline or the rights of others, is not permissible under the First and Fourteenth Amendments. Pp. 507-514.
DISPOSITION: 383 F.2d 988, reversed and remanded. [504]

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse