OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bates Guild Company v. Payne

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
194 U.S. 106
Bates Guild Company v. Payne
Argued: March 10, 1904. --- Decided: April 11, 1904
Messrs. William S. Hall and Holmes Conrad for appellant.
Messrs. John G. Johnson and Henry H. Glassie for appellee.
Statement by Mr. Justice Brown:
This was a bill to compel the recognition by the Postmaster General of the right of the plaintiff corporation to have a periodical publication, known as 'Masters in Music,' received and transmitted through the mails as matter of the second class, and to enjoin defendant from enforcing an order, theretofore made by him, denying it entry as such. This case took the same course as the preceding ones. 31 Wash. L. Rep. 395.
Mr. Justice Brown delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Bates Mfg Company v. United States

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
303 U.S. 567
Bates Mfg Company v. United States
Argued: March 11, 1938. --- Decided: March 28, 1938
Mr. Charles B. Rugg, of Boston, Mass., for petitioner.
Mr. Norman D. Keller, of Washington, D.C., for the United States.
Mr. Justice BLACK delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Berwind-White Coal Mining Company v. Chicago & Erie Railroad Company

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
235 U.S. 371
Berwind-White Coal Mining Company v. Chicago & Erie Railroad Company
Argued: December 3, 1914. --- Decided: December 14, 1914
Messrs. Henry T. Martin and Edward D. Pomeroy for plaintiff in error.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 372-374 intentionally omitted]
Messrs. Edward W. Rawlins, William J. Calhoun, and Will H. Lyford for defendant in error.
Memorandum opinion by direction of the court, by Mr. Chief Justice White:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Berwind-White Coal Mining Company v. Chicago & Erie Railroad Company/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
United States Supreme Court
235 U.S. 371
Berwind-White Coal Mining Company v. Chicago & Erie Railroad Company
Argued: December 3, 1914. --- Decided: December 14, 1914
The judgment which is under review awarded demurrage on carloads of coal shipped by the plaintiff in error from West Virginia to Chicago, there to be re-consigned. (171 Ill. App. 302.) There are only two alleged Federal contentions:
1. That allowing the demurrage conflicted with the act to regulate commerce because no tariff on the subject was filed or published. The fact is that the railroad had complied with the law as to filing tariff sheets, and had also, long before the time in question, filed a book of rules of the Chicago Car Service Association, of which it was a member, relating to liability for demurrage, and a few days after had written the Commission a letter stating that the demurrage charge would be $1 per day. The argument is that such documents were not sufficiently formal to comply with the law, and hence afforded no ground for allowing demurrage. But the contention is without merit. The documents were received and placed on file by the Commission without any objection whatever as to their form, and it is certain that, as a matter of fact, they were adequate to give notice. Equally without merit is the insistence that there was no proof that the documents were posted for public inspection. Texas & P. R. Co. v. Cisco Oil Mill, 204 U.S. 449, 51 L. ed. 562, 27 Sup. Ct. Rep. 358; Kansas City Southern R. Co. v. C. H. Albers Commission Co. 223 U.S. 573, 594, 56 L. ed. 556, 567, 32 Sup. Ct. Rep. 316; United States v. Miller, 223 U.S. 599, 56 L. ed. 568, 32 Sup. Ct. Rep. 323.
2. Conceding that a tariff concerning demurrage was filed, it is insisted it only authorized demurrage at destination, and the cars never reached their destination, but were held at a place outside of Chicago. The facts are these: The storage tracks of the railroad for cars billed to Chicago for re-consignment were at Hammond, Indiana, a considerable distance from the terminals of the company nearer the center of the city, but were convenient to the belt line by which cars could be transferred to any desired new destination, and the holding on such tracks of cars consigned as were those in question was in accordance with a practice which had existed for more than twenty years. Under these circumstances the contention is so wholly wanting in foundation as in fact to be frivolous.
Affirmed.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Assemble, Ye Faithful

From Hymns for the Church of England, 1861; copied from hymnsandcarolsofchristmas.com
1.
 Assemble, ye faithful,  Haste with exultation And gladness of heart unto Bethlehem;  Raise your hosannas,  Greeting Christ the Saviour:
O come with adoration O come with adoration, O come with adoration before the Lord.
2.  True God, uncreated,  Infinite, eternal, Behold, he abhorred not the virgin's womb;  Into the godhead  Taking very manhood:
O come with adoration O come with adoration, O come with adoration before the Lord.
3.  Let now, alleluias  Angels and archangels Throughout the celestial mansions sing;  Glory to God, be  Chanted in the highest:
O come with adoration O come with adoration, O come with adoration before the Lord.
4.  To thee, Holy Jesus,  Born at this good season, Thou Word of the Father for us made flesh,  Blessing and honour  Give we by the Spirit:
O come with adoration O come with adoration, O come with adoration before the Lord. Amen.
# Assessing Russian Activities and Intentions in Recent US Elections/Annex B

This report is a declassified version of a highly classified assessment; its conclusions are identical to those in the highly classified assessment but this version does not include the full supporting information on key elements of the inﬂuence campaign.

## Annex BAnnex B
### ESTIMATIVE LANGUAGEESTIMATIVE LANGUAGE

Estimative language consists of two elements: judgments about the likelihood of developments or events occurring and levels of confidence in the sources and analytic reasoning supporting the judgments. Judgments are not intended to imply that we have proof that shows something to be a fact. Assessments are based on collected information, which is often incomplete or fragmentary, as well as logic, argumentation, and precedents.
Judgments of Likelihood. The chart below approximates how judgments of likelihood correlate with percentages. Unless otherwise stated, the intelligence Community’s judgments are not derived via statistical analysis. Phrases such as “we judge” and “we assess”—and terms such as “probable” and “likely”—convey analytical assessments.
Confidence in the Sources Supporting Judgments. Confidence levels provide assessments of the quality and quantity of the source information that supports judgments. Consequently, we ascribe high, moderate, or low levels of confidence to assessments:
* High confidence generally indicates that judgments are based on high-quality information from multiple sources. High confidence in a judgment does not imply that the assessment is a fact or a certainty; such judgments might be wrong.
* Moderate confidence generally means that the information is credibly sourced and plausible but not of sufficient quality or corroborated sufficiently to warrant a higher level of confidence.
* Low confidence generally means that the information’s credibility and/or plausibility is uncertain, that the information is too fragmented or poorly corroborated to make solid analytic inferences, or that reliability of the sources is questionable.
# Assessing the Saudi Government's Role in the Killing of Jamal Khashoggi

OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE
Assessing the Saudi Government’s Role in the Killing of Jamal Khashoggi
February 11, 2021
Classified By:  Derived From:  Declassify On:
​(U) EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
(U) This report is provided by the ODNI. Questions should be directed to the NIO for Near East.
We assess that Saudi Arabia’s Crown Prince Muhammad bin Salman approved an operation in Istanbul, Turkey to capture or kill Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi.
* We base this assessment on the Crown Prince’s control of decisionmaking in the Kingdom, the direct involvement of a key adviser and members of Muhammad bin Salman’s protective detail in the operation, and the Crown Prince’s support for using violent measures to silence dissidents abroad, including Khashoggi.
* Since 2017, the Crown Prince has had absolute control of the Kingdom’s security and intelligence organizations, making it highly unlikely that Saudi officials would have carried out an operation of this nature without the Crown Prince’s authorization.
​ Assessing the Saudi Government’s Role in the Killing of Jamal Khashoggi
We assess that Saudi Arabia’s Crown Prince Muhammad bin Salman approved an operation in Istanbul, Turkey to capture or kill Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi. We base this assessment on the Crown Prince’s control of decisionmaking in the Kingdom since 2017, the direct involvement of a key adviser and members of Muhammad bin Salman’s protective detail in the operation, and the Crown Prince’s support for using violent measures to silence dissidents abroad, including Khashoggi. Since 2017, the Crown Prince has had absolute control of the Kingdom’s security and intelligence organizations, making it highly unlikely that Saudi officials would have carried out an operation of this nature without the Crown Prince’s authorization.
We have high confidence that the following individuals participated in, ordered, or were otherwise complicit in or responsible for the death of Jamal Khashoggi on behalf of Muhammad bin Salman. We do not know whether these individuals knew in advance that the operation would result in Khashoggi’s death.
* (U ) Saud al-Qahtani
* Maher Mutreb
* Naif al-Arifi
* Mohammed al-Zahrani
* Mansour Abahussain
* Badr al-Utaybah
* Abdul Aziz Al Hawsawi ​
* Waleed Abdullah Al Shihri
* Khalid Al Utaybah
* Tha’ar Al Harbi
* Fahd Shiahb Al Balawi
* Meshal al-Bustani
* Turki Al Shihri
* (U) Mustafa Al Madani
* (U) Saif Saad Al
* Ahmed Zayed Asiri
* Abdulla Mohammed Alhoeriny
* Yasir Khalid Alsalem
* Ibrahim al-Salim
* (U) Salah Al Tubaigy
* (U) Mohammed Al Utaybah
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Assessing Russian Activities and Intentions in Recent US Elections

* related portals: National Intelligence Council.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, quotes, news, Wikidata item.
ICA
INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY ASSESSMENT
Assessing Russian Activities and Intentions in Recent US Elections
ICA 2017-01D | 6 January 2017
Background

## ContentsContents
### AnnexesAnnexes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Assessing Russian Activities and Intentions in Recent US Elections/Scope and Sourcing

This report is a declassified version of a highly classified assessment; its conclusions are identical to those in the highly classified assessment but this version does not include the full supporting information on key elements of the influence campaign.

## Scope and SourcingScope and Sourcing

Information available as of 29 December 2016 was used in the preparation of this product.

### ScopeScope

This report includes an analytic assessment drafted and coordinated among The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), and The National Security Agency (NSA), which draws on intelligence information collected and disseminated by those three agencies. It covers the motivation and scope of Moscow’s intentions regarding US elections and Moscow’s use of cyber tools and media campaigns to influence US public opinion. The assessment focuses on activities aimed at the 2016 US presidential election and draws on our understanding of previous Russian influence operations. When we use the term “we” it refers to an assessment by all three agencies.
* This report is a declassified version of a highly classified assessment. This document’s conclusions are identical to the highly classified assessment, but this document does not include the full supporting information, including specific intelligence on key elements of the influence campaign. Given the redactions, we made minor edits purely for readability and flow.
We did not make an assessment of the impact that Russian activities had on the outcome of the 2016 election. The US Intelligence Community is charged with monitoring and assessing the intentions, capabilities, and actions of foreign actors; it does not analyze US political processes or US public opinion.
* New information continues to emerge, providing increased insight into Russian activities.

### SourcingSourcing

Many of the key judgments in this assessment rely on a body of reporting from multiple sources that are consistent with our understanding of Russian behavior. Insights into Russian efforts—including specific cyber operations—and Russian views of key US players derive from multiple corroborating sources.
Some of our judgments about Kremlin preferences and intent are drawn from the behavior of Kremlin-loyal political figures, state media, and pro-Kremlin social media actors, all of whom the Kremlin either directly uses to convey messages or who are answerable to the Kremlin. The Russian leadership invests significant resources in both foreign and domestic propaganda and places a premium on transmitting what it views as consistent, self-reinforcing narratives regarding its desires and redlines, whether on Ukraine, Syria, or relations with the United States.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Lamb, Martha Joanna Reade Nash

Edition of 1892.
LAMB, Martha Joanna Reade Nash, historian, b. in Plainfield, Mass., 13 Aug., 1829. She is a daughter of Arvin Nash and Lucinda Vinton, and granddaughter of Jacob Nash and Joanna Reade. She was educated in all the higher ​English branches and the languages, and married Charles A. Lamb, of Ohio, in 1852. She resided eight years in Chicago, was there a founder of the Home for the friendless and Half-orphan asylum, and secretary of the first sanitary fair in 1863, the success of which was largely due to her. Since 1866 she has resided in New York city, devoting her time to literature. Her distinguishing work is the “History of the City of New York”(2 vols., 8vo, 1877-'81), besides which she has written eight books for children (1869-'70); “Spicy,” a novel (1873); about fifty shorter stories; “The Homes of America” (1879); “Memorial of Dr. J. D. Russ,” “The Christmas Owl” (1881); “The Christmas Basket,” “Snow and Sunshine” (1882); “Wall Street in History,” “Historical Sketch of New York for the Tenth Census” (1883); and more than 100 historical and other papers in magazines. In May, 1883, she became editor of the “Magazine of American History,” which post she still (1887) holds. Mrs. Lamb has been elected to membership in fifteen historical and learned societies in this country and Europe.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Langerfeldt, Theodore Otto

Edition of 1892.
​LANGERFELDT, Theodore Otto, artist, b. in Buckeburg, Schaumburg-Lippe, Germany, 2 March, 1841. He first studied architecture at the Polytechnic school, Hanover, which gave a bias to his selection of subjects. He then passed five years in London, and removed to Boston, Mass., in 1868, where he has since resided. He paints chiefly in water-colors. One of his architectural paintings was awarded a prize at the Centennial exhibition of Philadelphia in 1876.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Lang, Louis

Edition of 1892.
​LANG, Louis, artist, b. in Waldsee, Würtemberg, 29 Feb., 1812. His father, a historical painter, wished him to become a musician, but his taste was for art. At the age of sixteen he executed pastels with success. He studied at Stuttgart and Paris, and settled in the United States in 1838, his studio being for several years in Philadelphia. He spent the years 1841-'5 in Italy, and came to New York in the latter year, where he now (1887) resides, with frequent visits to Europe. He was elected a National academician in 1852, and is a member of the Artists' fund society. Lang's style is characterized by brilliant but well-balanced coloring; his choice of subjects is sentimental and popular. Among his best-known works are “Maid of Saragossa,” “Mary Stuart distributing Gifts,” “Blind Nydia,” “Jephtha's Daughter,” “Neapolitan Fisher Family,” “Little Graziosa among the Butterflies” (1871); “Landing of the Market-Boat at Capri” (1876); and “Romeo and Juliet,” which is in the Century club, New York. His most recent work at the National academy is “Portrait of a Little Child” (1885).
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/La Peltrie, Marie Madeleine de

Edition of 1900.
​LA PELTRIE, Marie Madeleine de, educator, b. in Alencon, Prance, in 1603 ; d. in Quebec, Canada, in 1671. She married at the age of seventeen, and was left a widow at twenty-two. Having seen an appeal in the first Jesuit relation from Father Le Jeune for help to educate the Indian girls, she decided to spend her fortune in founding an institution to take charge of this work. Several obstacles interposed, so that it was not until 1639 that she was able to sail for Quebec, accompanied by Mother Mary of the Incarnation, two other Ursuline nuns, and several hospital sisters. She visited the Indian village in the neighborhood, and kissed every little girl in it, "unmindful of much that might have created disgust." She then proceeded to found the Ursuline convent of Quebec, the pioneer school of Canada for the instruction of girls. After the founding of the convent she stripped herself of all she had retained for her own use in order to clothe the children, who were brought to her almost naked. She was present at the foundation of Montreal, and decorated its first altar. During the rest of her life she shared the labors of the nuns.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Lane, Ebenezer

Edition of 1900.
​LANE, Ebenezer, jurist, b. in Northampton, Mass., 17 Dec., 1793; d. in Sandusky, Ohio, 13 June, 1866. He was graduated at Harvard in 1811, studied law under his uncle, Matthew Griswold, of Lyme, Conn., in 1814 was admitted to the bar, and, after practising for three years in Connecticut, removed to Ohio and settled in Norwalk, Huron co. He became judge of the court of common pleas in 1824, and from 1837 till 1845 was judge of the supreme court of Ohio. After his retirement from the bench he resumed his profession, and was afterward engaged in various relations with the western railroads, withdrawing from active employment in 1859.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/La Pérouse, Jean François de Galaup

Edition of 1892.
​LA PÉROUSE, Jean François de Galaup, French navigator, b. in Ohio, near Albi, Languedoc, France, 22 Aug., 1741; d. at sea in 1788. He entered the navy at the age of fifteen, and in 1759 was wounded and taken prisoner in an engagement with Sir Edward Hawke off Belle Isle. After a short captivity he was returned to France, and having served in various campaigns became an ensign, 1 Oct., 1764, and lieutenant de vaisseau, 4 April, 1775. From 1764 till 1778 he made several expeditions, after which he fought in the war of American independence, in command of the frigate “L'Amazone” of Count 'Estaing's flotilla. In 1780 he was promoted to the grade of capitaine de vaisseau, and he assisted in the capture of a frigate and five vessels of inferior rank on the coast of New England. In 1782 he entered Hudson bay with a small fleet and destroyed the British trading establishments there. On the conclusion of the war, Louis XVI., with a view of securing to the French people a share in the glory that the English were reaping from the discoveries of navigators like Capt. Cook, caused the frigates “L'Astrolabe” and “La Boussole” to be fitted out under command of La Pérouse for explorations in the Pacific and along the coasts of America, China, Japan, and Tartary. He sailed from Brest. 1 Aug., 1785, doubled Cape Horn, and went to the northwest coast of America, which he explored from Mount St. Elias to Monterey, Cal., discovering a bay in latitude 58°, which he named Port des Français. He afterward explored the coast of Asia, discovering the straits between Saghalien and Yezo that bear his name, and sent to France from Petropavlovsk copies of his journals and charts and other data, from which an account of his voyage was subsequently prepared. On 7 Feb., 1788, he wrote a letter to the French minister of marine from Botany bay, announcing his intention of going to the Isle of France by way of Van Diemen's Land, the Friendly isles, and New Guinea, which was the last intelligence that was received from this expedition. In 1791 a squadron was sent in search of La Pérouse under the command of Admiral D'Entrecasteaux, who failed in tracing him. In 1826, while navigating the New Hebrides, Peter Dillon found near the island of Vanikoro débris that had evidently belonged to La Pérouse's expedition, and in 1828 Dumont d'Urville visited Vanikoro and ascertained that many years previous two ships had foundered on a reef off the west coast of the island, and that the surviving crew had sailed in a small vessel which they built and had never been heard of afterward.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Las Casas, Gonzalo

Edition of 1892. No confirmation of this person's existence outside of Appletons' and derived sources has as yet been located, but there is also no verifiable source which states the person is one of Appletons' fictitious entries. Use this information with extra caution.
​LAS CASAS, Gonzalo (las-cah'-sas), Mexican agriculturist, b. in Oajaca in 1543; d. there in 1601. He was chief judge, and held an Indian commandery in Misteca, province of Oajaca, and gave valuable assistance to the Spanish authorities by his knowledge of Indian dialects, which he learned from his ​mother, an Indian woman. He directed his attention principally to agriculture, and left several works which are the only ones in existence on the agriculture of the early stages of the conquest. They are “Arte para criar gusanos de seda en la Nueva España” (Granada, 1581; reprinted in a revised form as an appendix to Herrera's “Agricultura,” Madrid, 1690); “La agricultura de los Indios y sus instrumentos agrícolos” (Madrid, 1596); and in manuscript “Defensa de la Conquista y los conquistadores de la Nueva España y como ha de haberse con los naturales” and “Tratado de la guerra con los Chichimecos.”