# Journal of the Optical Society of America/Volume 30/Issue 12/Trichromatic Analysis

Trichromatic Analysis of the Munsell Book of Color
James J. Glenn, Sidney Blumenthal & Company, Shelton, Connecticut AND James T. Killian, Pope & Gray, Inc., New York, New York
THE Atlas of the Munsell Color System was superseded in 1929 by the Munsell Book of Color. The advantages and disadvantages of the new color system are discussed elsewhere in this series of papers. The purpose of this paper is to establish the connection between the color system represented by the Munsell Book of Color and the system adopted in 1931 by the International Commission on Illumination. The data contained herein were obtained during 1934, and were originally intended for publication in the forthcoming report of the Optical Society of America Committee on Colorimetry. When the present series of papers was recently proposed, it seemed appropriate that publication should not be further delayed.
Table I.
| Munsell Notation | Munsell Notation | Munsell Notation | X | Y | Z | x | y | Dominant Wave-Length | Excitation Purity |
| 10 | PB | 7/6 | 0.4543 | 0.4307 | 0.7338 | 0.2806 | 0.2661 | 460.4 | 17.6 |
| | | 7/4 | .4650 | .4495 | .6976 | .2884 | .2788 | 460.0 | 13.0 |
| | | 6/8 | .3627 | .3214 | .6815 | .2656 | .2354 | 456.0 | 27.6 |
| | | 6/6 | .3372 | .3098 | .5889 | .2728 | .2507 | 458.0 | 22.8 |
| | | 6/4 | .3495 | .3295 | .5591 | .2823 | .2661 | 456.0 | 17.2 |
| | | 5/10 | .2359 | .1968 | .5232 | .2468 | .2059 | 459.0 | 38.4 |
| | | 5/8 | .2413 | .2070 | .5027 | .2537 | .2177 | 459.0 | 34.2 |
| | | 5/6 | .2352 | .2109 | .4470 | .2634 | .2361 | 460.0 | 28.0 |
| | | 5/4 | .2352 | .2179 | .4014 | .2752 | .2550 | 458.0 | 21.2 |
| | | 4/10 | .1570 | .1234 | .3697 | .2415 | .1898 | 454.0 | 43.1 |
| | | 4/8 | .1578 | .1288 | .3557 | .2457 | .2005 | 456.0 | 39.8 |
| | | 4/6 | .1566 | .1344 | .3092 | .2613 | .2226 | 451.0 | 31.4 |
| | | 4/4 | .1436 | .1279 | .2504 | .2751 | .2451 | 444.0 | 23.5 |
| | | 3/10 | .1041 | .0703 | .2847 | .2267 | .1531 | 449.0 | 54.6 |
| | | 3/8 | .0974 | .0755 | .2247 | .2450 | .1899 | 450.0 | 42.4 |
| | | 3/6 | .0904 | .0740 | .1913 | .2541 | .2080 | 451.0 | 36.3 |
| | | 3/4 | .0842 | .0729 | .1635 | .2626 | .2274 | 453.5 | 30.2 |
| | | 2/6 | .0498 | .0408 | .0121 | .2584 | .2117 | 445.0 | 34.6 |
| | | 2/4 | .0490 | .0408 | .1007 | .2573 | .2141 | 450.5 | 34.3 |
| | | PB 8/2 | .6253 | .6411 | .9302 | 2847 | .2919 | 478.0 | 12.0 |
| | | 7/6 | .4447 | .4550 | .8020 | .2613 | .2674 | 477.5 | 23.2 |
| | | 7/4 | .4627 | .4745 | .7653 | .2718 | .2787 | 477.8 | 18.2 |
| | | 7/2 | .4723 | .4877 | .6965 | .2851 | .2944 | 477.3 | 11.5 |
| | | 6/8 | .3277 | .3314 | .6960 | .2418 | .2446 | 476.6 | 33.0 |
| | | 6/6 | .3358 | .3398 | .6466 | .2540 | .2570 | 476.6 | 27.2 |
| | | 6/4 | .3495 | .3562 | .5998 | .2677 | .2728 | 477.1 | 20.4 |
| | | 6/2 | .3378 | .3430 | .5171 | .2820 | .2863 | 476.2 | 13.7 |
| | | 5/10 | .2212 | .2282 | .5684 | .2173 | .2242 | 477.6 | 44.2 |
| | | 5/8 | .2197 | .2249 | .5260 | .2264 | .2317 | 477.4 | 40.1 |
| | | 5/6 | .2168 | .2206 | .4552 | .2429 | .2471 | 477.0 | 32.3 |
| | | 5/4 | .2066 | .2104 | .3784 | .2597 | .2645 | 477.0 | 24.3 |
| | | 5/2 | .2055 | .2091 | .3292 | .2763 | .2811 | 476.9 | 16.3 |
| | | 4/10 | .1460 | .1455 | .4254 | .2037 | .2030 | 476.4 | 51.9 |
| | | 4/8 | .1407 | .1409 | .3676 | .2167 | .2170 | 476.5 | 45.4 |
| | | 4/6 | .1370 | .1379 | .3109 | .2339 | .2354 | 476.5 | 37.0 |
| | | 4/4 | .1348 | .1357 | .2612 | .2535 | .2552 | 476.2 | 27.6 |
| | | 4/2 | .1332 | .1349 | .2110 | .2780 | .2816 | 476.0 | 15.7 |
| | | 3/12 | .0827 | .0799 | .2949 | .1808 | .1746 | 475.8 | 63.6 |
| | | 3/10 | .0853 | .0825 | .2749 | .1927 | .1864 | 475.7 | 57.9 |
| | | 3/8 | .0806 | .0788 | .2329 | .2055 | .2009 | 475.7 | 51.5 |
| | | 3/6 | .0770 | 0.756 | .1933 | .2226 | .2186 | 475.5 | 43.2 |
| | | 3/4 | .0739 | 0.734 | .1587 | .2415 | .2399 | 475.4 | 33.8 |
| | | 3/2 | .0718 | 0.724 | .1231 | .2686 | .2709 | 476.0 | 20.4 |
| | | 2/6 | .0423 | .0418 | .1230 | .2042 | .2018 | 476.1 | 51.9 |
| | | 2/4 | .0405 | .0402 | .1012 | .2226 | .2210 | 476.0 | 42.9 |
| | | 2/2 | .0368 | .0364 | 0.698 | .2573 | .2545 | 474.7 | 26.5 ​ |
| 10 | B | 7/6 | 0.4203 | 0.4614 | 0.7937 | 0.2509 | 0.2754 | 482.2 | 26.0 |
| | | 7/4 | .4217 | .4552 | .6987 | .2676 | .2889 | 482.8 | 18.5 |
| | | 6/6 | .2936 | .3283 | .6033 | .2396 | .2680 | 482.3 | 30.9 |
| | | 6/4 | .3140 | .3382 | .5605 | .2589 | .2789 | 481.7 | 22.7 |
| | | 5/6 | .1963 | .2193 | .4454 | .2280 | .2547 | 481.3 | 36.6 |
| | | 5/4 | .1986 | .2154 | .3805 | .2500 | .2711 | 481.1 | 26.7 |
| | | 4/8 | .1171 | .1338 | .3337 | .2003 | .2289 | 480.7 | 49.4 |
| | | 4/6 | .1232 | .1350 | .3100 | .2168 | .2376 | 480.0 | 42.7 |
| | | 4/4 | .1250 | .1355 | .2481 | .2458 | .2664 | 480.9 | 28.9 |
| | | 3/8 | .0730 | .0849 | .2423 | .1824 | .2121 | 480.4 | 58.0 |
| | | 3/6 | .0699 | .0792 | .1955 | .2028 | .2298 | 480.5 | 48.6 |
| | | 3/4 | .0693 | .0763 | .1580 | .2283 | .2513 | 480.7 | 36.9 |
| | B | 8/4 | .5415 | .5984 | .8100 | .2777 | .3069 | 487.2 | 12.9 |
| | | 8/2 | .5737 | .6193 | .8130 | .2860 | .3087 | 486.9 | 9.6 |
| | | 7/6 | .3906 | .4467 | .6979 | .2544 | .2910 | 485.2 | 22.9 |
| | | 7/4 | .4054 | .4546 | .6576 | .2671 | .2996 | 486.2 | 17.4 |
| | | 7/2 | .4295 | .4657 | .6139 | .2846 | .3086 | 487.1 | 10.1 |
| | | 6/6 | .2575 | .3103 | .5576 | .2288 | .2757 | 484.8 | 34.0 |
| | | 6/4 | .2869 | .3249 | .5199 | .2535 | .2871 | 484.6 | 23.8 |
| | | 6/2 | .2962 | .3206 | .4662 | .2735 | .2960 | 484.0 | 15.4 |
| | | 5/6 | .1633 | .2025 | .4046 | .2120 | .2629 | 484.2 | 41.4 |
| | | 5/4 | .1660 | .1958 | .3466 | .2343 | .2764 | 484.4 | 31.8 |
| | | 5/2 | .1823 | .1994 | .2913 | .2709 | .2963 | 484.6 | 16.4 |
| | | 4/8 | .0935 | .1163 | .2701 | .1948 | .2423 | 482.9 | 50.0 |
| | | 4/6 | .1033 | .1283 | .2749 | .2039 | .2533 | 483.5 | 45.3 |
| | | 4/4 | .1225 | .1438 | .2598 | .2328 | .2733 | 484.0 | 32.8 |
| | | 4/2 | .1246 | .1386 | .2085 | .2642 | .2938 | 484.8 | 19.2 |
| | | 3/6 | .0624 | .0832 | .1854 | .1885 | .2514 | 484.3 | 51.2 |
| | | 3/4 | .0600 | .0744 | .1450 | .2147 | .2663 | 484.5 | 40.0 |
| | | 3/2 | .0662 | .0739 | .1171 | .2574 | .2873 | 484.1 | 2.3 |
| | | 2/2 | .0371 | .0417 | .0632 | .2613 | .2937 | 485.2 | 20.1 |
| 10 | BG | 7/4 | .4008 | .4619 | .6258 | .2693 | .3103 | 489.2 | 15.6 |
| | | 6/6 | .2675 | .3412 | .5083 | .2395 | .3055 | 489.1 | 27.2 |
| | | 6/4 | .2743 | .3266 | .4606 | .2584 | .3077 | 488.9 | 20.0 |
| | | 6/2 | .1649 | .2191 | .3697 | .2188 | .2907 | 487.5 | 36.1 |
| | | 5/4 | .1713 | .2094 | .3142 | .2465 | .3013 | 488.1 | 25.0 |
| | | 4/6 | .0991 | .1345 | .2266 | .2153 | .2923 | 487.9 | 37.2 |
| | | 4/4 | .1056 | .1322 | .1977 | .2425 | .3036 | 488.6 | 26.2 |
| | | 3/6 | .0500 | .0724 | .1351 | .1942 | .2812 | 487.3 | 46.0 |
| | | 3/4 | .0605 | .0791 | .1298 | .2246 | .2936 | 487.7 | 33.7 |
| | BG | 8/2 | .5473 | .6106 | .7010 | .2944 | .3285 | 500.5 | 5.2 |
| | | 7/4 | .3917 | .4616 | .5549 | .2782 | .3278 | 495.6 | 11.1 |
| | | 7/2 | .4233 | .4754 | .5598 | .2902 | .3260 | 496.9 | 6.7 |
| | | 6/6 | .2760 | .3518 | .4525 | .2555 | .3257 | 493.0 | 19.8 |
| | | 6/4 | .2815 | .3438 | .4322 | .2662 | .3251 | 493.4 | 15.6 |
| | | 6/2 | .2903 | .3314 | .4045 | .2829 | .3229 | 493.8 | 9.8 |
| | | 5/6 | .1566 | .2174 | .2962 | .2337 | .3244 | 492.3 | 27.9 |
| | | 5/4 | .1660 | .2103 | .2762 | .2544 | .3223 | 492.3 | 20.2 |
| | | 5/2 | .1818 | .2119 | .2612 | .2776 | .3236 | 493.7 | 11.5 ​ |
| | BG | 4/6 | .9911 | .1317 | .1867 | .2225. | 3214 | 491.6 | 32.1 |
| | | 4/4 | .1071 | .1379 | .1841 | .2496 | .3214 | 491.9 | 32.1 |
| | | 4/2 | .1185 | .1389 | .1789 | .2716 | .3184 | 491.6 | 22.0 |
| | | 3/6 | .0551 | .0805 | .1198 | .2157 | .3152 | 490.8 | 35.2 |
| | | 3/4 | .0531 | .0724 | .0996 | .2359 | .3216 | 491.8 | 27.2 |
| | | 3/2 | .0603 | .0740 | .0982 | .2594 | .3183 | 491.5 | 18.9 |
| | | 2/4 | .0351 | .0455 | .0630 | .2445 | .3168 | 491.3 | 24.2 |
| | | 2/2 | .0377 | .0448 | .0581 | .2679 | .3187 | 491.6 | 15.5 |
| 10 | G | 7/4 | .3875 | .4680 | .5261 | .2805 | .3387 | 500.2 | 9.8 |
| | | 6/6 | .2641 | .3580 | .3992 | .2586 | .3505 | 499.1 | 17.3 |
| | | 6/4 | .2700 | .3409 | .3933 | .2689 | .3395 | 497.8 | 14.0 |
| | | 5/6 | .1366 | .2067 | .2313 | .2377 | .3597 | 498.3 | 24.3 |
| | | 5/4 | .1612 | .2105 | .2368 | .2649 | .3459 | 498.9 | 15.0 |
| | | 4/4 | .0931 | .1274 | .1438 | .2556 | .3497 | 498.4 | 18.3 |
| | | 3/4 | .0517 | .0753 | .0838 | .2453 | .3572 | 498.7 | 21.7 |
| | G | 8/6 | .4551 | .5661 | .5755 | .2850 | .3545 | 511.6 | 8.6 |
| | | 8/4 | .5017 | .5892 | .6180 | .2936 | .3448 | 513.5 | 5.9 |
| | | 8/2 | .5098 | .5739 | .6132 | .3004 | .3382 | 521.0 | 4.3 |
| | | 7/6 | .3303 | .4371 | .4380 | .2740 | .3626 | 507.5 | 11.9 |
| | | 7/4 | .3499 | .4324 | .4500 | .2839 | .3509 | 506.5 | 8.6 |
| | | 7/2 | .3722 | .4199 | .4631 | .2965 | .3345 | 508.3 | 4.4 |
| | | 6/6 | .2073 | .3058 | .2830 | .2604 | .3841 | 508.6 | 16.6 |
| | | 6/4 | .2385 | .3099 | .3058 | .2792 | .3628 | 510.1 | 10.4 |
| | | 6/2 | .2628 | .3052 | .3266 | .2938 | .3412 | 511.5 | 5.6 |
| | | 5/8 | .1074 | .1813 | .1471 | .2464 | .4160 | 511.3 | 21.8 |
| | | 5/6 | .1235 | .1850 | .1621 | .2624 | .3931 | 512.0 | 16.6 |
| | | 5/4 | .1443 | .1920 | .1857 | .2764 | .3678 | 511.0 | 11.6 |
| | | 5/2 | .1603 | .1871 | .2018 | .2919 | .3407 | 508.5 | 6.0 |
| | | 4/4 | .0908 | .1293 | .1180 | .2686 | .3824 | 511.8 | 14.3 |
| | | 4/2 | .1076 | .1289 | .1352 | .2895 | .3468 | 510.5 | 7.0 |
| | | 3/4 | .0527 | .0767 | .0678 | .2672 | .3889 | 513.1 | 15.2 |
| | | 3/2 | .0574 | .0719 | .0721 | .2850 | .3570 | 512.5 | 8.8 |
| | | 2/2 | .0346 | .0420 | .0457 | .2827 | .3435 | 503.5 | 9.0 |
| 10 | GY | 8/6 | .4734 | .5851 | .4375 | .3164 | .3911 | 555.0 | 21.8 |
| | | 8/4 | .5216 | .6177 | .5275 | .3129 | .3706 | 553.7 | 15.5 |
| | | 7/8 | .3202 | .4513 | .2434 | .3155 | .4447 | 553.2 | 36.2 |
| | | 7/6 | .3416 | .4514 | .3003 | .3124 | .4129 | 553.3 | 26.8 |
| | | 7/4 | .3783 | .4549 | .3776 | .3124 | .3757 | 553.0 | 16.8 |
| | | 6/10 | .2099 | .3116 | .1344 | .3200 | .4751 | 544.2 | 45.6 |
| | | 6/8 | .2334 | .3288 | .1660 | .3205 | .4515 | 554.8 | 18.3 |
| | | 6/6 | .2303 | .3162 | .1899 | .3127 | .4294 | 552.3 | 31.3 |
| | | 6/4 | .2478 | .3120 | .2475 | .3069 | .3865 | 548.8 | 18.3 |
| | | 5/8 | .1311 | .1955 | .0889 | .3155 | .4705 | 552.8 | 43.2 |
| | | 5/6 | .1532 | .2177 | .1145 | .3156 | .4485 | 553.2 | 37.3 |
| | | 5/4 | .1661 | .2086 | .1569 | .3125 | .3924 | 552.6 | 21.2 |
| | | 4/6 | .1007 | .1406 | .0876 | .3062 | .4275 | 549.2 | 29.3 |
| | | 4/4 | .1053 | .1367 | .1053 | .3032 | .3936 | 546.1 | 19.3 |
| | | 3/4 | .0598 | .0813 | .0555 | .3039 | .4138 | 547.6 | 24.8 ​ |
| | GY | 8/8 | 0.4912 | 0.6116 | 0.2059 | 0.3753 | 0.4673 | 566.9 | 58.1 |
| | | 8/6 | .5050 | .6018 | .3166 | .3548 | .4228 | 566.5 | 40.6 |
| | | 8/4 | .5256 | .5939 | .4463 | .3357 | .3793 | 566.3 | 23.8 |
| | | 8/2 | .5410 | .5810 | .5567 | .3223 | .3461 | 566.4 | 11.2 |
| | | 7/10 | .3404 | .4325 | .1021 | .3890 | .4943 | 567.2 | 69.1 |
| | | 7/8 | .3636 | .4499 | .1637 | .3721 | .4628 | 566.7 | 56.0 |
| | | 7/6 | .3710 | .4490 | .2108 | .3599 | .4356 | 566.5 | 45.4 |
| | | 7/4 | .3918 | .4468 | .3175 | .3389 | .3865 | 566.4 | 26.6 |
| | | 7/2 | .3959 | .4269 | .4003 | .3237 | .3490 | 566.4 | 12.5 |
| | | 6/8 | .2578 | .3257 | .1170 | .3680 | .4650 | 565.8 | 55.5 |
| | | 6/6 | .2657 | .3221 | .1287 | .3708 | .4495 | 567.4 | 52.0 |
| | | 6/4 | .2749 | .3184 | .2047 | .3445 | .3900 | 566.4 | 31.4 |
| | | 6/2 | .2912 | .3157 | .2897 | .3248 | .3521 | 566.3 | 13.6 |
| | | 5/8 | .1665 | .2129 | .0680 | .3722 | .4759 | 565.8 | 59.6 |
| | | 5/6 | .1680 | .2075 | .0952 | .3569 | .4408 | 565.4 | 46.0 |
| | | 5/4 | .1792 | .2102 | .1247 | .3486 | .4089 | 566.4 | 35.2 |
| | | 5/2 | .1954 | .2144 | .1866 | .3276 | .3595 | 566.2 | 16.3 |
| | | 4/6 | .1068 | .1283 | .0675 | .3529 | .4240 | 566.0 | 40.5 |
| | | 4/4 | .1146 | .1336 | .0861 | .3428 | .3996 | 565.8 | 31.1 |
| | | 4/2 | .1225 | .1344 | .1200 | .3250 | .3566 | 565.1 | 14.8 |
| | | 3/4 | .0701 | .0800 | .0584 | .3362 | .3837 | 565.7 | 25.0 |
| | | 3/2 | .0727 | .0798 | .0695 | .3275 | .3595 | 566.1 | 16.2 |
| | | 2/2 | .0463 | .0519 | .0453 | .3226 | .3617 | 562.4 | 15.5 |
| 10 | Y | 8/8 | .5333 | .6108 | .1683 | .4064 | .4654 | 571.7 | 65.7 |
| | | 8/6 | .5329 | .5922 | .2983 | .3744 | .4160 | 571.7 | 44.0 |
| | | 8/4 | .5525 | .5996 | .4328 | .3486 | .3783 | 571.2 | 26.9 |
| | | 7/8 | .3890 | .4443 | .0924 | .4202 | .4800 | 572.3 | 73.5 |
| | | 7/6 | .3812 | .4320 | .1571 | .3929 | .4452 | 571.7 | 56.9 |
| | | 7/4 | .4026 | .4398 | .2892 | .3558 | .3887 | 571.4 | 31.6 |
| | | 6/6 | .2913 | .3290 | .0891 | .4106 | .4638 | 572.4 | 66.5 |
| | | 6/4 | .3017 | .3296 | .1871 | .3686 | .4027 | 572.3 | 38.8 |
| | | 5/6 | .2017 | .2275 | .0788 | .3970 | .4478 | 572.1 | 58.7 |
| | | 5/4 | .1951 | .2177 | .1072 | .3752 | .4187 | 571.5 | 44.8 |
| | | 4/4 | .1258 | .1393 | .0687 | .3769 | .4173 | 572.0 | 44.8 |
| | Y | 8/12 | .5426 | .5726 | .0717 | .4572 | .4828 | 575.9 | 84.0 |
| | | 8/10 | .5512 | .5798 | .0995 | .4479 | .4712 | 576.0 | 78.6 |
| | | 8/8 | .5449 | .5780 | .1827 | .4174 | .4427 | 575.3 | 62.7 |
| | | 8/6 | .5456 | .5702 | .2887 | .3885 | .4060 | 575.7 | 45.0 |
| | | 8/4 | .5423 | .5604 | .3982 | .3613 | .3734 | 576.1 | 29.1 |
| | | 8/2 | .5413 | .5570 | .5169 | .3351 | .3448 | 575.8 | 14.4 |
| | | 7/10 | .4063 | .4226 | .0797 | .4472 | .4651 | 576.5 | 76.8 |
| | | 7/8 | .3927 | .4175 | .0834 | .4395 | .4672 | 575.5 | 75.2 |
| | | 7/6 | .4040 | .4199 | .1598 | .4107 | .4269 | 576.3 | 56.7 |
| | | 7/4 | .4108 | .4244 | .2790 | .3687 | .3809 | 576.2 | 33.0 |
| | | 7/2 | .4281 | .4403 | .4031 | .3367 | .3463 | 575.7 | 15.2 |
| | | 6/8 | .3107 | .3241 | .0721 | .4395 | .4585 | 576.3 | 72.8 |
| | | 6/6 | .2964 | .3064 | .0900 | .4278 | .4423 | 576.7 | 65.2 |
| | | 6/4 | .3034 | .3122 | .1816 | .3806 | .3916 | 576.7 | 39.0 |
| | | 6/2 | .3068 | .3148 | .2764 | .3416 | .3506 | 576.4 | 17.6 |
| | | 5/6 | .1935 | .2022 | .0603 | .4243 | .4434 | 576.2 | 64.8 |
| | | 5/4 | .1983 | .2054 | .1070 | .3883 | .4022 | 576.3 | 44.0 |
| | | 5/2 | .2008 | .2060 | .1774 | .3437 | .3526 | 576.4 | 18.8 |
| | | 4/4 | .1264 | .1308 | .0639 | .3936 | .4073 | 576.4 | 46.8 |
| | | 4/2 | .1406 | .1451 | .1183 | .3480 | .3592 | 575.8 | 21.7 |
| | | 3/2 | .0749 | .0771 | .0697 | .3378 | .3478 | 575.7 | 15.8 |
| | | 2/2 | .0529 | .0544 | .0457 | .3458 | .3556 | 576.1 | 20.0 ​ |
| 10 | YR | 8/6 | 0.6308 | 0.121 | 0.3619 | 0.3931 | 0.3814 | 580.9 | 3.98 |
| | | 8/4 | .6082 | .5995 | .4700 | .3625 | .3575 | .581.0 | 25.0 |
| | | 7/10 | .4556 | .4298 | .0845 | .4697 | .4431 | 580.8 | 76.8 |
| | | 7/8 | .4673 | .4441 | .1417 | .4437 | .4217 | 580.8 | 64.0 |
| | | 7/6 | .4548 | .4388 | .2061 | .4136 | .3990 | 580.7 | 50.0 |
| | | 7/4 | .4711 | .4573 | .3316 | .3739 | .3629 | 582.0 | 29.6 |
| | | 6/10 | .3855 | .3584 | .0754 | .4705 | .4374 | 581.6 | 75.5 |
| | | 6/8 | .3728 | .3495 | .1064 | .4499 | .4217 | 581.5 | 65.7 |
| | | 6/6 | .3573 | .3390 | .1383 | .4281 | .4062 | 581.4 | 55.8 |
| | | 6/4 | .3253 | .3188 | .1998 | .3855 | .3778 | 580.5 | 36.7 |
| | | 5/8 | .2277 | .2120 | .0576 | .4579 | .4263 | 581.7 | 69.1 |
| | | 5/6 | .2259 | .2122 | .0872 | .4300 | .4040 | 582.0 | 55.7 |
| | | 4/5 | .2171 | .2083 | .1118 | .4041 | .3878 | 581.4 | 44.3 |
| | | 4/4 | .1459 | .1370 | .0608 | .4245 | .3986 | 582.2 | 52.8 |
| | YR | 8/4 | .6304 | .5994 | .5185 | .3606 | .3428 | 586.6 | 20.7 |
| | | 8/2 | .6147 | .6060 | .6182 | .3343 | .3295 | 586.0 | 10.0 |
| | | 7/10 | .5037 | .4266 | .1353 | .4727 | .4003 | 586.8 | 66.0 |
| | | 7/8 | .5089 | .4392 | .2027 | .4422 | .3816 | 587.4 | 53.0 |
| | | 7/6 | .4844 | .4313 | .2688 | .4089 | .3641 | 587.7 | 39.2 |
| | | 7/4 | .4763 | .4414 | .3487 | .3761 | .3485 | 587.6 | 26.3 |
| | | 7/2 | .4505 | .4363 | .4310 | .3419 | .3311 | 588.1 | 12.4 |
| | | 6/12 | .4025 | .3393 | .0651 | .4988 | .4205 | 585.8 | 78.5 |
| | | 6/10 | .3925 | .3225 | .0906 | .4872 | .4003 | 587.9 | 70.0 |
| | | 6/8 | .3815 | .3252 | .1259 | .4582 | .3906 | 587.2 | 59.6 |
| | | 6/6 | .3619 | .3215 | .1817 | .4183 | .3716 | 587.0 | 43.8 |
| | | 6/4 | .3354 | .3903 | .2323 | .3824 | .3257 | 587.1 | 29.1 |
| | | 6/2 | .3172 | .3074 | .2876 | .3477 | .3370 | 585.9 | 15.6 |
| | | 5/10 | .2578 | .2105 | .0512 | .4962 | .4052 | 587.8 | 73.6 |
| | | 5/8 | .2503 | .2091 | .0696 | .4732 | .3953 | 587.7 | 64.9 |
| | | 5/6 | .2369 | .2044 | .0912 | .4449 | .3838 | 587.2 | 54.3 |
| | | 5/4 | .2185 | .1947 | .1214 | .4087 | .3642 | 587.7 | 39.2 |
| | | 5/2 | .1978 | .1890 | .1726 | .3536 | .3379 | 587.2 | 17.3 |
| | | 4/8 | .1603 | .1363 | .0500 | .4625 | .3932 | 587.1 | 61.5 |
| | | 4/6 | .1717 | .1458 | .0629 | .4514 | .3833 | 588.0 | 55.7 |
| | | 4/4 | .1603 | .1410 | .0761 | .4247 | .3736 | 587.2 | 46.0 |
| | | 4/2 | .1365 | .1273 | .1052 | .3699 | .3450 | 587.8 | 23.6 |
| | | 3/4 | .0932 | .0815 | .0422 | .4297 | .3757 | 587.4 | 47.9 |
| | | 3/2 | .0770 | .0713 | .0576 | .3740 | .3463 | 588.1 | 25.1 |
| | | 2/2 | .0544 | .0504 | .0365 | .3855 | .3567 | 586.2 | 30.8 |
| | RYR | 8/4 | .6653 | .6218 | .5709 | .3581 | .3347 | 591.0 | 17.8 |
| | | 7/8 | .5279 | .4392 | .2814 | .4228 | .3518 | 593.3 | 39.7 |
| | | 7/6 | .5191 | .4511 | .3575 | .3910 | .3398 | 594.3 | 28.0 |
| | | 7/4 | .4998 | .4462 | .3908 | .3739 | .3338 | 595.0 | 21.8 |
| | | 6/10 | .4355 | .3330 | .1385 | .4802 | .3671 | 594.0 | 59.2 |
| | | 6/8 | .4172 | .3356 | .1817 | .4464 | .3591 | 593.3 | 48.0 |
| | | 6/6 | .3968 | .3351 | .2225 | .4158 | .3511 | 592.7 | 37.5 |
| | | 6/4 | .3643 | .3250 | .2727 | .3787 | .3378 | 593.3 | 24.0 |
| | | 5/10 | .2786 | .2025 | .0967 | .5058 | .3676 | 595.6 | 66.2 |
| | | 5/8 | .2862 | .2193 | .0996 | .4730 | .3624 | 594.6 | 56.0 |
| | | 5/6 | .2634 | .2077 | .1149 | .4495 | .3544 | 595.0 | 31.5 |
| | | 5/4 | .2420 | .2055 | .1537 | .4025 | .3418 | 595.0 | 47.5 |
| | | 4/10 | .2169 | .1532 | .0602 | .5041 | .3560 | 597.4 | 62.7 |
| | | 4/8 | .1983 | .1446 | .0608 | .4912 | .3582 | 597.0 | 59.9 |
| | | 4/6 | .1878 | .1430 | .0717 | .4666 | .3553 | 596.0 | 52.5 |
| | | 4/4 | .1639 | .1360 | .0920 | .4182 | .3470 | 594.5 | 37.2 |
| | | 3/6 | .1105 | .0845 | .0474 | .4559 | .3486 | 597.5 | 47.5 |
| | | 3/4 | .0958 | .0766 | .0535 | .4241 | .3391 | 598.7 | 36.7 ​ ​ |
| | RP | 8/6 | 0.6784 | 0.6304 | 0.7605 | 0.3278 | 0.3046 | 499.0 c | 8.1 |
| | | 8/4 | .6628 | .6272 | .7670 | .3222 | .3049 | 502.7 c | 7.0 |
| | | 8/2 | .6767 | .6583 | .7726 | .3211 | .2976 | 495.0 c | 3.7 |
| | | 7/8 | 5529 | .4878 | .5982 | .3374 | .3123 | 499.4 c | 12.7 |
| | | 7/6 | 5492 | .4923 | .5913 | .3364 | .3015 | 497.8 c | 11.0 |
| | | 7/4 | 5311 | .4922 | .5872 | .3298 | .3056 | 497.8 c | 8.0 |
| | | 7/2 | 4993 | .4795 | .5681 | .3228 | .3100 | 497.1 c | 5.0 |
| | | 6/10 | 4450 | .3415 | .4391 | .3631 | .2786 | 499.7 c | 25.2 |
| | | 6/8 | 4198 | .3361 | .4234 | .3560 | .2850 | 499.4 c | 21.2 |
| | | 6/6 | 3923 | .3322 | .4129 | .3449 | .2921 | 499.5 c | 16.2 |
| | | 6/4 | .3670 | .3268 | .4034 | .3345 | .2978 | 500.3 c | 12.1 |
| | | 6/2 | .3409 | .3238 | .3927 | .3224 | .3062 | 501.0 c | 6.4 |
| | | 5/10 | 3296 | .2315 | .3017 | .3820 | .2683 | 499.1 c | 32.7 |
| | | 5/8 | .3034 | .2271 | .2984 | .3660 | .2740 | 500.3 c | 27.5 |
| | | 5/6 | .2718 | .2161 | .2781 | .3548 | .2821 | 500.4 c | 22.1 |
| | | 5/4 | .2491 | .2131 | .2644 | .3428 | .2933 | 499.5 c | 15.3 |
| | | 5/2 | .2327 | .2169 | .2640 | .3261 | .3040 | 500.5 c | 8.0 |
| | | 4/12 | .2255 | .1422 | .2112 | .3895 | .2456 | 502.1 c | 43.4 |
| | | 4/10 | .2234 | .1462 | .2144 | .3825 | .2503 | 502.3 c | 40.0 |
| | | 4/8 | .2021 | .1418 | .1983 | .3727 | .2615 | 501.9 c | 33.7 |
| | | 4/6 | .1872 | .1404 | .1941 | .3585 | .2698 | 503.1 c | 27.8 |
| | | 4/4 | .1693 | .1395 | .1835 | .3439 | .2834 | 503.2 c | 19.6 |
| | | 4/2 | .1573 | .1444 | .1810 | .3259 | .2992 | 504.8 c | 9.9 |
| | | 3/10 | .1317 | .0811 | .1219 | .3935 | .2423 | 502.0 c | 45.3 |
| | | 3/8 | .1123 | .0744 | .1070 | .3824 | .2533 | 501.8 c | 38.8 |
| | | 3/6 | .0996 | .0706 | .0998 | .3689 | .2615 | 502.6 c | 33.0 |
| | RP | 3/4 | .0902 | .0710 | .0956 | .3512 | .2765 | 503.0 c | 23.8 |
| | | 3/2 | .0802 | .0707 | .0905 | .3322 | .2929 | 504.6 c | 13.7 |
| | | 2/6 | .0663 | .0447 | .0730 | .3603 | .2429 | 510.0 c | 39.0 |
| | | 2/4 | .0594 | .0430 | .0638 | .3574 | .2587 | 506.8 c | 32.1 |
| | | 2/2 | .0473 | .0388 | .0512 | .3445 | .2826 | 503.5 c | 20.0 |
| 10 | P | 8/4 | .6610 | .6266 | .8387 | .3109 | .2947 | 549.7 c | 8.9 |
| | | 7/8 | .5460 | .4755 | .6842 | .3201 | .2788 | 534.4 c | 17.0 |
| | | 7/6 | .5215 | .4698 | .6441 | .3189 | .2873 | 530.3 c | 13.3 |
| | | 7/4 | .5107 | .4690 | .6248 | .3183 | .2923 | 528.7 c | 11.2 |
| | | 6/8 | .4120 | .3288 | .5393 | .3218 | .2569 | 539.2 c | 26.0 |
| | | 6/6 | .3949 | .3348 | .5094 | .3187 | .2702 | 539.8 c | 20.1 |
| | | 6/4 | .3747 | .3313 | .4670 | .3194 | .2824 | 533.0 c | 15.3 |
| | | 5/10 | .3215 | .2255 | .4138 | .3346 | .2347 | 531.3 c | 37.4 |
| | | 5/8 | .2919 | .2145 | .3674 | .3341 | .2455 | 528.4 c | 33.0 |
| | | 5/6 | .2724 | .2152 | .3388 | .3296 | .2604 | 533.5 c | 25.2 |
| | | 5/4 | .2534 | .2164 | .3118 | .3242 | .2769 | 527.0 c | 18.5 |
| | | 4/10 | .2048 | .1336 | .2772 | .3327 | .2170 | 537.0 c | 44.1 |
| | | 4/8 | .2015 | .1434 | .2691 | .3282 | .2336 | 537.5 c | 36.7 |
| | | 4/6 | .1831 | .1407 | .2364 | .3268 | .2512 | 534.6 c | 29.2 |
| | | 4/4 | .1723 | .1438 | .2193 | .3218 | .2686 | 535.7 c | 21.3 |
| | | 3/10 | .1157 | .0722 | .1727 | .3209 | .2022 | 546.0 c | 48.7 |
| | | 3/8 | .1126 | .0754 | .1606 | .3230 | .2163 | 543.9 c | 42.7 |
| | | 3/6 | .1039 | .0764 | .1481 | .3164 | .2326 | 547.0 c | 34.8 |
| | | 3/4 | .0953 | .0739 | .1282 | .3204 | .2485 | 542.3 c | 29.2 |
| | | 2/6 | .0610 | .0416 | .0904 | .3161 | .2155 | 547.9 c | 41.6 |
| | | 2/4 | .0561 | 0411 | .0828 | .3117 | .2283 | 550.1 c | 35.6 ​ |
| | P | 8/4 | 0.6342 | 0.5943 | 0.9016 | .0.2977 | .2790 | 564.4 c | 12.6 |
| | | 8/2 | .6071 | .5956 | .7875 | .3050 | .2993 | 563.0 c | 5.9 |
| | | 7/6 | .4934 | .4325 | .7520 | .2941 | .2578 | 562.4 c | 20.5 |
| | | 7/4 | .4756 | .4390 | .6802 | .2982 | .2753 | 563.0 c | 14.3 |
| | | 7/2 | .4603 | .4468 | .6123 | .3029 | .2941 | 564.2 c | 7.5 |
| | | 6/8 | .3818 | .3119 | .6382 | .2867 | .2342 | 562.8 c | 28.6 |
| | | 6/6 | .3681 | .3170 | .5833 | .2902 | .2499 | 563.1 c | 23.1 |
| | | 6/4 | .3572 | .3261 | .5291 | .2946 | .2690 | 564.0 c | 16.0 |
| | | 6/2 | .3367 | .3211 | .4607 | .3010 | .2871 | 564.0 c | 10.0 |
| | | 5/10 | .2722 | .2005 | .4957 | .2811 | .2070 | 562.0 c | 38.5 |
| | | 5/8 | .2571 | .2002 | .4463 | .2845 | .2216 | 562.3 c | 33.4 |
| | | 5/6 | .2345 | .1944 | .3800 | .2899 | .2403 | 562.1 c | 26.8 |
| | | 5/4 | .2225 | .1967 | .3386 | .2936 | .2596 | 563.0 c | 19.8 |
| | | 5/2 | .2145 | .2034 | .2934 | .3016 | .2860 | 562.7 c | 10.5 |
| | | 4/12 | .1944 | .1247 | .3753 | .2800 | .1796 | 560.5 c | 49.4 |
| | | 4/10 | .1766 | .1261 | .3250 | .2813 | .2009 | 561.5 c | 41.0 |
| | | 4/8 | .1649 | .1241 | .2874 | .2861 | .2135 | 561.2 c | 36.1 |
| | | 4/6 | .1573 | .1280 | .2581 | .2895 | .2356 | 561.9 c | 28.7 |
| | | 4/4 | .1503 | .1301 | .2262 | .2967 | .2568 | 560.9 c | 21.3 |
| | | 4/2 | .1401 | .1311 | .1929 | .3019 | .2825 | 561.5 c | 12.0 |
| | | 3/10 | .1297 | .0783 | .2646 | .2744 | .1657 | 561.1 c | 54.1 |
| | P | 3/8 | .1131 | .0779 | .2130 | .2800 | .1928 | 561.4 c | 44.0 |
| | | 3/6 | .1023 | .0773 | .1804 | .2842 | .2147 | 561.8 c | 36.1 |
| | | 3/4 | .0918 | .0745 | .1507 | .2896 | .2350 | 561.7 c | 29.0 |
| | | 3/2 | .0856 | .0778 | .1226 | .2993 | .2720 | 561.5 c | 15.8 |
| | | 2/6 | .0530 | .0378 | .0979 | .2809 | .2003 | 561.7 c | 41.2 |
| | | 2/4 | .0505 | .0382 | .0850 | .2907 | .2199 | 559.9 c | 35.0 |
| | | 2/2 | .0451 | .0378 | .0687 | .2975 | .2943 | 559.4 c | 24.6 |
| NEUTRAL |
| | 1 | | .0196 | .0200 | .0236 | .3101 | .3165 | — | — |
| | 2 | | .0355 | .0360 | .0425 | .3114 | .3158 | 497.2 c | 0.3 |
| | 3 | | .0697 | .0710 | .0840 | .3102 | .3160 | — | — |
| | 4 | | 1.1259 | .1280 | .1525 | .3098 | .3150 | 400.0 | 0.6 |
| | 5 | | .1896 | .1933 | .2306 | .3090 | .3151 | 479.0 | 0.6 |
| | 6 | | .2976 | .3039 | .3644 | .3081 | .3146 | 484.5 | 1.0 |
| | 7 | | .4384 | .4486 | .5275 | .3099 | .3171 | 492.0 | 3.3 |
| | 8 | | .5521 | .5658 | .6543 | .3115 | .3193 | 569.0 | 1.3 |
| | 9 | | .7196 | .7379 | .8388 | .3134 | .3213 | 572.2 | 2.2 |
| | 9.4 | | .8247 | .8447 | .9489 | .3150 | .3226 | 573.0 | 3.0 |
| | 9.6 | | .8906 | .1921 | 1.0466 | .3126 | .3201 | 571.0 | 1.5 |
​ Some 400 color samples were obtained from the Munsell Color Company in November, 1934. These samples, backed by a standard white material, were compared spectrophotometrically against a freshly smoked surface of magnesium oxide deposited on magnesium carbonate. The spectrophotometer employed was of a type that records the diffuse reflection factors of the sample relative to those of the magnesium-oxide standard. These spectral reflection factors were converted by integration into tristimulus values, using a selected-ordinate method with thirty ordinates.
In Table I, column 1 indicates the Munsell designation of the color. Columns 2, 3, and 4 give the tristimulus values for the 1931 I.C.I. standard observer and Illuminant C. Columns 5 and 6 list the ​ trichromatic coefficients. The last two columns list the dominant wave-length in millimicrons and the excitation purity in percent. The dominant wave-length in the case of purples is indicated by listing the wave-length of the complementary color.
We wish here to acknowledge our indebtedness to Professor Arthur C. Hardy, who suggested this undertaking and offered much helpful advice during the progress of the work. We are indebted also to Dr. David L. MacAdam for operating the spectrophotometer during the determination of the spectrophotometric data.
* ↑ J. Opt. Soc. Am. 25, 305 (1935).
* ↑ The Handbook of Colorimetry (Technology Press, Cambridge. Massachusetts, 1936).