OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Woolley, Mary Emma

Edition of 1920. See also Mary Emma Woolley on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
WOOLLEY, Mary Emma, American educator: b. South Norwalk. Conn., 13 July 1863. She qualified as a teacher and was an instructor in Wheaton Seminary, Norton, Mass. (1886-91); in 1894 she was graduated at Brown University. She was teacher of biblical history at Wellesley College, 1895-1900, the last two years being professor and head of the department of biblical history and literature. In 1900 she became president of Mount Holyoke College and the growth and development of that institution have largely been due to her efforts. She has received honorary degrees from Brown, Amherst, Smith and Yale. Miss Woolley is closely identified with many and varied movements, having served as member of the board of electors of the Hall of Fame, National board of the Y. W. C. A., executive committee of the American School Peace League, council of the National Institute for Moral Instruction, Commission on Peace and Arbitration; senator of United Chapters Phi Beta Kappa; honorary vice-president of the National Consumers' League, etc. She has written ‘Early History of the Colonial Post Office’; ‘Development of the Love of Romantic Scenery in America’; also many educational articles.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Wood, George Bacon

Edition of 1920. See also George Bacon Wood at Wikisource, and the disclaimer.
Wood, George Bacon, American physician: b. Greenwich, N. J., 13 March 1797; d. Philadelphia, Pa., 30 March 1879. He was graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1815 and from its medical department in 1818, and was professor of chemistry at the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy 1822–31, and of materia medica there 1831–35. He held the chair of materia medica at the University of Pennsylvania 1835–50, and of the theory and practice of medicine there 1850–60, endowing an auxiliary faculty of medicine in the university in 1865. He published 'Treatise on the Practice of Medicine' (1847); 'Therapeutics and Pharmacology' (1856); and with Franklin Bache prepared 'The Dispensatory of the United States' (1833; 17th ed. 1894).
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Wright, Charles Henry Hamilton

Edition of 1920. See also Charles Henry Hamilton Wright on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
WRIGHT, Charles Henry Hamilton, Irish Anglican clergyman: b. Dublin, 9 March 1836; d. 1909. He was graduated from Trinity College, Dublin, in 1857, was Bampton lecturer at Oxford in 1878, Donnellan lecturer at Dublin 1880, Grinfield lecturer on the Septuagint at Oxford 1893-97, and vicar of Saint John's, Liverpool, 1891-98, examiner in Hebrew at the University of London 1897-99, at the University of Wales 1897-1901, and clerical superintendent of the Protestant Reform Society in 1898-1907. Among his numerous publications are ‘Grammar of Modern Irish’ (1855; ed. 1860); ‘Book of Genesis in Hebrew’ (1859); ‘Bunyan's Works with Notes’ (1866); ‘Fragments and Specimens of Early Latin’ (1874); ‘The One Religion’ (1881); ‘Biblical Essays’ (1885); ‘Roman Catholicism in the Light of Scripture’ (2d ed., 1897); ‘The Intermediate State and Prayers for the Dead’ (1900); ‘Genuine Writings of Saint Patrick with Life’ (1902); ‘Daniel and his Prophecies’ (1906).
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Basedow, Johann Bernhard

Edition of 1920. See also Johann Bernhard Basedow on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
BASEDOW, bä'zẹ-dō, Johann Bernhard, often called by himself Bernhard von Nordalbingen, German educator: b. 11 Sept. 1723; d. 25 July 1790. He had in Dessau an institution for education called Philanthropinon. The chief features of Basedow's system are the cosmopolitan character which he endeavored to instill into his pupils, and the full development of the faculties of the young at which he aspired, in pursuance of the notions of Locke and Rousseau. With Salzmann, Campe, etc., he established some good institutions, and deserves special credit for his efforts for the education of the lower classes.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Bass Rock

Edition of 1920. See also Bass Rock on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
BASS (băs) ROCK, a remarkable traprock island, at the mouth of the Firth of Forth, three miles from North Berwick. It is of circular shape, about a mile in circumference, and rises precipitously to a height of 350 feet It is inaccessible except on one flat shelving point on the southeast. Its summit is estimated at about seven acres, and this supports a few sheep, the mutton of which is considered a great delicacy. Solan geese and other seafowl in myriads cover its rocks, and fly around it in clouds. The surrounding water is of great depth on the northeast, but shallow on the south. Among the historical ruins on the island are the remains of a fortalice commanding the landing-place, capable of accommodating upward of 100 men, formerly accessible only by ladders or buckets and chains; and the ruins of a chapel about halfway up the acclivity.
The Bass was purchased by the English government in 1671, and its castle, long since demolished, was converted into a state prison in which several eminent Covenanters were confined. It was the last place in Britain that held out against William III, its small band of gallant defenders yielding only to starvation. The island anciently belonged to a family of the name of Lauder, whose head was styled Lauder of the Bass.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Bautzen

Edition of 1920. See also Bautzen on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
BAUTZEN, bout'sĕn, or BAUDISSIN, bow'desen, Germany, a manufacturing town in Saxony, noted for its production of textile fabrics, leather, paper, etc. It overlooks the river Spree, 30 miles northeast of Dresden, and is encircled by ancient walls and moat now converted into promenades. The cathedral church of Saint Peter is used by both Protestants and Roman Catholics, it being divided into two portions for the purpose. The town contains many schools, a museum, art gallery and three libraries. At Bautzen Napoleon, with 130,000 men, defeated the allied armies of Russia and Prussia, 20-21 May 1813. Pop. 32,760.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Bass, Michael Thomas

Edition of 1920. See also Michael Thomas Bass, Jr. on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
BASS, Michael Thomas, English brewer: b. 1799; d. 1884. He became head of the Burton brewing firm of Bass & Company upon the death of his father and was a member of Parliament from 1848 to 1883. His benefactions were very numerous, and included the building and endowing of Saint Paul's Church, Burton (the total expenditure on the parish being about $500,000); and the establishment of recreation grounds, a free library, and swimming baths for Derby, at a cost of $185,000. Of simple tastes, he more than once declined a baronetcy and a peerage.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Baudissin, Wolf Wilhelm

Edition of 1920. See also Wolf Wilhelm Friedrich von Baudissin on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
BAUDISSIN, Wolf Wilhelm, German theologian: b. Sophienhof, Holstein, 26 Sept. 1847. He was professor at Strassburg, 1876-81, at Marburg, 1881-1900, and at Berlin from 1900. His publications comprise ‘Translations Antiquæ Arabicæ Libri Jobiquæ Supersunt’ (1870); ‘Studien zur semitischen Religionsgeschichte’ (1870-78); ‘Die Geschichte des Alttestamentlichen Priesterthums untersucht’ (1889); ‘August Dillmann’ (1895); ‘Einleitung in die Bücher des Alten Testamentes’ (1901); ‘Adonis und Esmun, eine Untersuchung zur Geschichte des Glaubens an Auferstehungsgötter und an Heilgötter’ (1911),
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Bass (music)

Edition of 1920. See also Bass (voice type), Figured bass and Bass clef on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
BASS, bās (It. basso, deep, low), (1) the lowest male voice, with the average compass of from F to F two octaves above; deep basses exceed this limit downwards and high ones reach higher notes; (2) the lowest part in the harmony of a musical composition. It is the most important of all the parts, the foundation of the harmony, and the support of the whole composition. Different forms of bass are: Basso concertante, or Basso recitante, the bass of the little chorus; the bass which accompanies the softer parts of a composition, as well as those which employ the whole power of the band. This part is generally taken by the violoncellos. Bass-counter or contra-bass, the under bass; that part which, when there are two basses in a composition, is performed by the double basses, the violoncellos taking the upper bass or basso concertante. Basso ripieno (It.), the bass of the grand chorus; that bass which joins in the full parts of a composition, and, by its depth of tone and energy of stroke, affords a powerful contrast to the lighter and softer passages or movements. Figured bass, a bass which, while a certain chord or harmony is continued by the parts above, moves in notes of the same harmony. Fundamental bass, that bass which forms the tone or natural foundation of the harmony, and from which that
harmony is derived. Ground bass, a bass which starts with some subject of its own, and continues to be repeated throughout the movement, while the upper part or parts pursue a separate air and supply the harmony. Thorough bass, the system in which words are denoted by placing figures over the bass note. Bass clef, the character put at the beginning of the stave, in which the bass or lower notes of the composition are placed, and serving to determine the pitch and names of those notes.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Baudissin, Wolf Friedrich Karl, Count von

Edition of 1920. See also Wolf Heinrich Graf von Baudissin on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
BAUDISSIN, bow'dĭs-sĭn, Wolf Friedrich Karl, Count von, German littérateur: b. Rantzau, 30 Jan. 1789; d. Dresden, 4 April 1878. After 1827 he resided at Dresden where he collaborated with Tieck and Schlegel in a noted translation of Shakespeare. The translations contributed by Baudissin are those of ‘Henry VIII’; ‘Much Ado About Nothing’; ‘Taming of the Shrew’; ‘Comedy of Errors’; ‘Measure for Measure’; ‘All's Well that Ends Well’; ‘Antony and Cleopatra’: ‘Troilus and Cressida’; ‘Merry Wives of Windsor’; ‘Love's Labor's Lost’; ‘Titus Andronicus’; ‘Othello’; ‘King Lear.’ He published ‘Ben Jonson und seine Schule’ (1836); and translation from Molière (1865-67).
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Bass, Edward

Edition of 1920. See also Edward Bass on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
BASS, Edward, first Protestant Episcopal bishop of Massachusetts: b. Dorchester, Mass., 23 Nov. 1726; d. Newburyport, Mass., 10 Sept. 1803. He was graduated at Harvard in 1744; was ordained in England in 1752; and later became pastor of the church at Newburyport, Mass. During the Revolution he omitted from the church service all reference to the royal family and the British government. For this he was expelled from the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel. In 1797 he was consecrated bishop of Massachusetts, and finally also of New Hampshire and Rhode Island.
# The English Works of Raja Rammohun Roy/Volume II

​THE ENGLISH WORKS OF RAJA RAM MOHUN ROY
​Page:The English Works of Raja Rammohun Roy Vol 2.djvu/5 ​Page:The English Works of Raja Rammohun Roy Vol 2.djvu/6 ​Page:The English Works of Raja Rammohun Roy Vol 2.djvu/7
​CONTENTS.
Page. 1. Preliminary Remarks Brief Sketch of the Ancient
and Modern Boundaries and Histoy of India ... 1
5) Questions and Answers on the Judicial System of
India... ... ... ... ... 11
3. Do. Do. on the Revenue System of India ... ... 55
4. A paper on the Revenue System of India... ... 79
5. Additional Queries, respecting the condition of
India ... ... ... ... 90
6. Appendix ... ... ... ... 99
7. Remarks on Settlement in India by Europeans ... 113
!). A second Conference between an Advocate for, and an Opponent of, the practice of Burning Widows Alive ... ... ... ... 139
10. Abstract of the Arguments regarding tha Burning of Widows, considered as a Religious Rite ... 181
1.1. Brief Remarks regarding Modern Encroachment on the Ancient Rights of Females, according to the Hindoo Law of Inheritance ... ... ... 193
12. Essay on the Rights of Hindoos over Ancestral Property according to the Law of Bengal : Appendix : Hindoo Law of Inheritance ... ... 209
13. Petitions against the Press Regulation (1) to the Supreme Court, and (2) to the Ring in Council ... 278
14. A Letter to Lord Amherst on English Education ... 322
APPENDIX: ... ... 475
15. Address to Lord William Bentinck ... ... 329
16. Anti-Suttee Petition to the House of C9mmons ... 333
17. Petition to Government Lakharaj ... ... 835
18. Speeches and letters ... ... ... 343
# The English and Scottish Popular Ballads

* related portals: Roud Folk Song Index.
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The Child Ballads are a collection of 305 ballads from England and Scotland, and their American variants, collected by Francis James Child in the late nineteenth century. Warning: template has been deprecated.
one or more chapters are available in a spoken word format.
The English and Scottish Popular Ballads
Edited by Francis James Child
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The English Works of Raja Rammohun Roy

THE ENGLISH WORKS OF
RAJA RAM MOHUN ROY
* Volume I
* Volume II
* Volume III
# The English Revolution

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "The English Revolution."
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* Acton, John (1899), "The English Revolution" in Lectures on Modern History.
* Marx, Karl; Stenning, Henry James (translator) (1926), "The English Revolution" in Selected Essays by Karl Marx.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Lessing, Karl Friedrich

Edition of 1920. See also Karl Friedrich Lessing on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
LESSING, Karl Friedrich, kärl frēd′rĭh, German painter, grand-nephew of G. E. Lessing (q.v.): b. Wartenberg, Silesia, 15 Feb. 1808; d. Karlsruhe, Baden, 5 June 1880. He was sent about 1822 to the architectural school of Berlin, to fit himself for an architect. After a severe struggle between duty and inclination, he yielded to his artistic inclinations and by the production of his ‘Churchyard with Gravestones and Ruins’ (1825) fixed his profession irrevocably. This picture produced a strong impression, and for a year or two the artist devoted himself to landscape; but coming under the influence of Schadow, established himself in Düsseldorf, and studied historical painting with enthusiasm and success. ‘The Court Yard of the Convent — a Snow Scene,’ is perhaps the most striking of all his landscapes. ‘The Tyrant Ezzelin in Captivity refusing the Exhortations of the Monks’ (1838), was his first important historical picture in the new style. It was followed by ‘Huss before the Council of Constance’ (1842), the ‘Seizure of Pope Pascal II,’ the ‘Martyrdom of Huss’ (1850), now in New York, and many others, under the influence of which the school of Düsseldorf divested itself of the strictly catholic spirit by which it was previously characterized, and adopted a bolder and more dramatic manner, and a greater freedom in the choice of subjects. Lessing, however, is distinguished from his associates by depth of thought, energy of expression, and vivid dramatic conception, at the same time that his pictures exhibit the hardness of outline and defective coloring peculiar to the Düsseldorf school. Consult Jordan, ‘Ausstellung der Werke Karl Friedrich Lessings’ (1880).
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Lewis, Charlton Thomas

Edition of 1920. See also Charlton Thomas Lewis on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
LEWIS, Charlton Thomas, American lawyer and author: b. West Chester, Pa., 25 Feb. 1834; d. Morristown, N. J., 26 May 1904. He was graduated at Yale in 1853, and after studying with a view to entering the ministry, served as professor at the State Normal University at Bloomington, Ill., 1856-57, and from 1858 to 1861 was professor in Troy University. In 1863-64 he was a United States deputy commissioner of internal revenue. He entered upon the practice of law in New York city in 1865; was associated with William Cullen Bryant in editing the Evening Post; and returned to law practice in 1871. At Harvard, Columbia and Cornell universities, during 1898-99, he was a lecturer on insurance. He was also president of the Prison Association of New York and of the State Charities Aid Association of New Jersey. Among his published works are ‘Gnomon of the New Testament,’ translated from the German of Bengel (1861); ‘History of Germany’ (1870); ‘Harper's Latin Dictionary,’ in collaboration with Charles Short (1879); ‘Latin Dictionary for Schools’ (1889); ‘Elementary Latin Dictionary’ (1890), etc.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Lexow, Clarence

Edition of 1920. See also Clarence Lexow on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
LEXOW, lĕk'sow, Clarence, American lawyer and politician: b. Brooklyn, N. Y., 16 Sept. 1852; d. 1910. He studied abroad and at the Columbia Law School, where he was graduated in 1872. He was admitted to the bar and established practice in New York city, receiving a large German-American patronage and engaging in many important litigations. In 1882 he became a resident of Nyack and was active in the Republican party there. In 1890 he was an unsuccessful nominee for Congress, but lowered the usual Democratic majority. In
1893 he was elected to the State senate where he served till 1898. Here he at once became a leader, was chairman of the committee on internal affairs and introduced the bi-partisan police bill calling for an investigation of the New York city police. This led to the appointment of the so-called “Lexow Committee,” of which he was head; the investigations of this committee brought to light the system of protection of vice by the police in New York and were the direct cause of the reform campaign and the election of Mayor Strong. Lexow was also the introducer of the bill creating the city of Greater New York, was chairman of the joint legislative committee for the investigation of trusts and unlawful combinations, of the committee on primary elections reform and of the judiciary committee. In 1896 he was chairman of the committee on resolutions at the Republican State convention and introduced the gold standard plank in the platform; in 1900 he was a presidential elector. He is author of reports on ‘Municipal Government’ (5 vols., 1895) and on ‘Trusts and Unlawful Combinations’ (1895).
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Lewis, Dio

Edition of 1920. See also Diocletian Lewis on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
LEWIS, Dio, American physician and author: b. Auburn, N. Y., 3 March 1823; d. Yonkers, N. Y., 21 May 1886. He studied at the Harvard Medical School, and practised for a time at Port Byron and at Buffalo, N. Y., publishing at Buffalo a monthly periodical with hygienic aims. He became widely known by his writing in advocacy of a system of higher gymnastics, and finally established a school in Boston in which teachers were trained in his new exercises; and a school for young ladies was also founded at Lexington, Mass., which was destroyed by fire in 1868. About 1883 he removed to New York. He wrote many articles for magazines, and his more extended works include ‘The New Gymnastics’ (1862); ‘Weak Lungs and How to Make them Strong’ (1863); ‘Talks About People's Stomachs’ (1870); ‘Our Girls’ (1871); ‘Chats with Young Women’ (1871); ‘Chastity’ (1872); ‘Gypsies’ (1881), and ‘In a Nutshell’ (1883).
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Lewis, Edmonia

Edition of 1920. See also Edmonia Lewis on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
LEWIS, Edmonia, American sculptor: b. New York, 4 July 1845. She is of negro and Indian parentage. With slight instruction in sculpture she developed a talent for that art, and came into notice in 1865 through the exhibition of her first known work, a bust of Col. Robert Gould Shaw, in Boston. That year she went to Rome to study, and there she soon afterward established permanent residence. Her works include ‘The Freedwoman’; ‘The
Death of Cleopatra’ (1876), exhibited at the Philadelphia Exposition; ‘The Marriage of Hiawatha’; ‘The Old Arrow-Maker and his Daughter’; ‘Asleep’; ‘Madonna with the Infant Christ,’ and many portrait busts, among them those of Lincoln, Longfellow, Sumner and John Brown. Most of her work is in Europe.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Lewis, Estelle Anna Blanche

Edition of 1920. See also Estelle Anna Lewis on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
LEWIS, Estelle Anna Blanche (Robinson), American dramatist: b. near Baltimore, Md., April 1824; d. London, 24 Nov. 1880. While a schoolgirl she made a verse-rendering of the ‘Æneid’ into English; wrote ‘Forsaken’ and published ‘Records of the Heart’ (1844). Her best dramatic work, ‘Sappho of Lesbos’ (1868), a tragedy, ran through seven editions, was translated into modern Greek, and played at Athens. Edgar A. Poe spoke of her as the rival of Sappho; Lamartine called her the “female Petrarch.” Others of her works are ‘The Child of the Sea, and Other Poems’ (1848); ‘The Myths of the Minstrel’ (1852); ‘Poems’ (1866), and ‘The King's Stratagem’ (1869), a tragedy.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Libraries, Rural

Edition of 1920. See also the disclaimer.
LIBRARIES, Rural. See Rural Libraries.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Rattazzi, Urbano

Edition of 1920. See also Urbano Rattazzi on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
RATTAZZI, rạt-tät'sē, Urbano, Italian statesman: b. Alessandria, 29 June 1808; d. Frosinone, 5 June 1873. He studied law at Turin and, after practising with marked success at the capital and at Casale, was elected a member of the Sardinian Parliament from his native town in 1848. He allied himself with the Liberal party and attained such speedy recognition that in August he was made Minister of Public Instruction. He left office after a few days, but in December of the same year assumed the portfolio of the Interior under Gioberti, exchanging it later for that of Justice. On the fall of the Gioberti ministry, Rattazzi was entrusted with the formation of a new cabinet (February 1849) but the disaster of Novara in the following month robbed him of power. From Democrat he now turned Moderate Liberal and formed the party of the left centre whose coalition with the right centre under Cavour (q.v.), the so-called “connubio” brought about the fall of the d'Azeglio Cabinet in November 1852 and the organization of a new ministry by Cavour. Rattazzi gave up the presidency of the Chamber to become in 1853 Minister of Justice, and later, of the Interior, and in the second capacity precipitated a bitter struggle with the Clerical party by the introduction of a law providing for the partial secularization of church property and restricting the
influence of the religious associations. He left the cabinet in 1858 but in July of the following year, after Villafranca, succeeded Cavour as head of the cabinet, only to give place to his predecessor within six months. His opposition to the cession of Savoy and Nice to France led to his retirement in 1860, but changing his views on this policy he became president of the lower chamber in the first Italian Parliament and in March 1862 succeeded Ricosoli in the government, retaining for himself the portfolios of Foreign Affairs and of the Interior. His course in checking the patriotic agitation against the Austrians in Lombardy and the papal rule in Rome brought him great unpopularity and in December 1862 he retired from office. Once more he succeeded Ricosoli, as Premier, in 1867, but again had to yield to the storm of popular anger aroused by his hostile attitude toward Garibaldi (q.v.) and he resigned in October of the same year.