OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Owen, Lewis (d.1555)

​OWEN, LEWIS (d. 1555), Welsh administrator, was the son of Owen ap Hywel ap Llywelyn of Llwyn, Dolgellau. Under Henry VIII he became vice-chamberlain of North Wales and baron of the exchequer of Carnarvon, taking from the latter office his familiar title of ‘y Barwn Owen.’ He was sheriff of Merioneth for 1545–6 and 1554–5, and he represented the county in the parliaments of 1547, of the spring of 1553, and of 1554. He lived at Cwrt Plas yn dre, Dolgellau, which, until its recent removal to Newtown, was pointed out to tourists as ‘Owen Glyndwr's parliament-house.’ Owen met his death at the hands of ‘Gwylliaid Cochion Mawddwy,’ the red-haired brigands of the Mawddwy district. Empowered by a commission to extirpate the band, he and John Wynn ap Maredudd of Gwydir one Christmas-eve seized over eighty of them, and in due time had them executed. The rest swore revenge, and on 11 Oct. 1555 waylaid him near Mallwyd as he was returning from the Montgomeryshire assizes. His retinue fled, leaving only his son-in-law, John Lloyd of Ceiswyn, to defend him, and he fell pierced with more than thirty wounds. The spot is still known as ‘Llidiart y Barwn,’ the Baron's Gate.
Owen married Margaret, daughter of Robert Puleston, rector of Gresford, and had seven sons—John Lewis of Cwrt Plas yn dre, Hugh of Cae'rberllan, Edward of Hengwrt, Gruffydd of Peniarth, Robert of Bron​clydwr, Simon and Ellis—and four daughters: Elin, Elizabeth, Catrin, and Mary. His descendant, Hugh Owen (1639–1700) [q. v.], is separately noticed. Many important Merionethshire families, such as the Wynnes of Peniarth and the Vaughans of Nannau, trace their descent from him.
[Dwnn's Heraldic Visitations of Wales, ii. 236–7; Pennant's Tours in Wales, ii. 232–4; Kalendars of Gwynedd, 1873; Yorke's Royal Tribes of Wales, ed. Williams, 1887.]
J. E. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Owen, Samuel

​OWEN, SAMUEL (1769?–1857), watercolour painter, was born about 1769. Nothing is recorded of him before 1791, when he exhibited 'A Sea View' at the Royal Academy. This was followed in 1797, after the victory of Cape St. Vincent, by 'A View of the British and Spanish Fleets,' and in 1799 by three drawings of the engagement between the Director (Captain Bligh) and the Vryheid (Admiral De Winter) in the action off Camperdown on 11 Oct. 1797. These, with three other drawings exhibited in 1802 and 1807, complete the number of his exhibits at the Royal Academy. In 1808 he joined the Associated Artists in Water-Colours, and senteleven drawings of shipping and marine subjects to the first exhibition of that short-lived body. He exhibited also twelve works in 1809, and six in 1810, but after that date he resigned his membership. His works are carefully drawn and freshly coloured, and possess much merit. Among them are the series of eighty-four drawings which were engraved by William Bernard Cooke for his work 'The Thames,' published in 1811, and ​seven others made for the 'Picturesque Tour of the River Thames,' published by William Westall, R.A., and himself in 1838.
Owen died at Sunbury on 8 Dec. 1867, in his eight-ninth year, but had long before ceased to practise his art. The South Kensington Museum has 'Shipping in a Calm,' 'Indiaman lying-to for a Pilot,' 'Luggers on the Shore,' and seven other river and sea pictures by him. A small half-length portrait of Owen in watercolours, signed 'Montague, 1805,' is in the possession of Dr.Edward H. Ezard of Lewisham High Road.
R. E. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Owen, Nicholas (1752-1811)

​OWEN, NICHOLAS (1752–1811), Welsh antiquary, the son of Nicholas Owen, rector of Llandyfrydog, Anglesey, was born in 1752. On 30 June 1769 he matriculated from Jesus College, Oxford, aged 17, and graduated B.A. in 1773, and M.A. in 1776. Soon afterwards he succeeded his father as rector of Llandyfrydog, and about 1800 received the living of Meyllteyrn, Carnarvonshire, together with the perpetual curacy of Bottwnog in the same county. He died unmarried in June 1811.
Besides a sermon preached in aid of the Sunday school at Winslow, Buckinghamshire, in 1788, Owen published:
* ‘British Remains; or a Collection of Antiquities relating to the Britons,’ London, 1777, 8vo; this contains a history of the lords-marchers, an account of the supposed discovery of America by Madog ap Owain Gwynedd [q. v.], a biography of Edward Lhuyd [q. v.], and other antiquarian matter.
* ‘Select Phrases of Horace,’ London, 1785, 8vo; a collection of phrases not very happily translated, and designed for the use of schoolboys.
* ‘Carnarvonshire: a Sketch of its History,’ &c., London, 1792, 8vo.
He is also said to be the author of ‘A History of the Island of Anglesey, with Memoirs of Owen Glendower,’ London, 1775, 8vo.
[Works in Brit. Mus. Library; Halkett and Laing's Dict. of Anon. and Pseudon. Lit. i. col. 297, ii. col. 1159; Foster's Alumni Oxon. 1715–1886; Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Rowland's Cambrian Bibl. pp. 581–2, 669–70; Cathrall's Hist. of North Wales, ii. 54; Gent. Mag. 1777 i. 449, 1811 i. 682; Notes and Queries, 3rd ser. viii. 437, x. 521.]
A. F. P.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Young, George (1777-1848)

​YOUNG, GEORGE (1777–1848), theologian, topographer, and geologist, was born on 15 July 1777 at a small farmhouse called Coxiedean in the parish of Kirknewton and East Calder, Edinburghshire, and spent four years in the university of Edinburgh, where he was known as one of John Playfair's favourite students, and where he made distinguished progress in literary and philosophical studies. Having completed with high honour his university course in 1796, he commenced the study of theology under George Lawson (1749–1820) [q. v.] at Selkirk, and in 1801 he was licensed to preach by the presbytery of Edinburgh of the associate secession church. In the summer of 1805 he first visited Whitby, and in January 1806 he was ordained pastor of the chapel of the united associate or new presbyterian congregation in that town. At this place of worship, situate in Cliff Lane, he officiated and preached for forty-two years. On 24 April 1819 the university of Edinburgh conferred upon him the degree of M.A. (Cat. of Edinburgh Graduates, 1858, p. 219). He afterwards became a doctor of divinity, but it does not appear where he obtained that degree. He was also a corresponding member of the Wernerian Natural History Society, and an honorary member of the Yorkshire and Hull literary and philosophical societies. He died at Whitby on 8 May 1848. There is a portrait of him in the museum at Whitby, painted by Edward Cockburn, and another portrait hangs in the vestry of the chapel in Cliff Lane.
In addition to some minor works, he wrote: 1. ‘Evangelical Principles of Religion vindi​cated, and the inconsistency and dangerous tendency of the Unitarian Scheme exposed; in a series of letters addressed to the Rev. T. Watson: in reply to his book entitled “A Plain Statement of some of the most important Principles of Religion as a preservative against Infidelity, Enthusiasm, and Immorality,”’ Whitby, 1812, 8vo. 2. ‘A History of Whitby and Streoneshalh Abbey; with a Statistical Survey of the Vicinity to the distance of twenty-five miles,’ Whitby, 1817, 2 vols. 8vo. A very valuable topographical work. 3. ‘A Geological Survey of the Yorkshire Coast: describing the Strata and Fossils occurring between the Humber and the Tees, from the German Ocean to the Plain of York,’ Whitby, 1822, 4to; illustrated with numerous engravings by John Bird. 4. ‘A Picture of Whitby and its Environs,’ Whitby, 1824, 12mo; 2nd edit. Whitby, 1840, 8vo. 5. ‘The Life and Voyages of Captain James Cook, drawn up from his Journals and other authenic documents,’ London, 1836, 8vo. 6. ‘Scriptural Geology, or an Essay on the High Antiquity ascribed to the Organic Remains embedded in Stratified Rocks (Appendix … containing Strictures on some Passages in Dr. J. Pye Smith's lectures, entitled “Scriptures and Geology”),’ 2 pts. London, 1838–40, 8vo; 2nd edit. London, 1840, 8vo.
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Young, James (d.1789)

1904 Errata appended.
​YOUNG, JAMES (d. 1789), admiral, is said to have entered the navy in 1737 on board the Gloucester, carrying the broad pennant of Commodore the Hon. George Clinton as commander-in-chief in the Mediterranean; most probably, however, he had some earlier service, the record of which cannot now be found. When the Gloucester went home, Young was transferred to the Lancaster; was promoted to be lieutenant, 9 March 1738–9; was in 1742 moved into the Namur, flagship of Admiral Mathews; was promoted by him to be commander of the Salamander bomb, and on 16 May 1743 to be captain of the Neptune of 90 guns. This, as such appointments commonly were, was for rank only; and ten days later he was moved to the Kennington of 20 guns; being thus, as was spitefully pointed out at the time, ‘midshipman, lieutenant, and captain in one voyage’ (Narrative of the Proceedings of H. M. Fleet, pp. 114–15), although the voyage had lasted for six years. It did, in fact, last several years more; for from the Kennington he was moved to the Dunkirk, and remained in the Mediterranean till the peace in 1748. In 1752 he was appointed to the Jason, and in 1755 to the Newark, from which he was moved in October to the Intrepid, a 64-gun ship, one of the squadron sent out to the Mediterranean in the following spring, under the command of Admiral John Byng [q. v.] In the battle near Minorca on 20 May 1756 the Intrepid was the last ship of the van division [see West, Temple], and in running down towards the enemy had her foretopmast shot away. Byng afterwards asserted that this was the cause of the disorder in the rear division of his fleet; but Young, when examined before the court-martial, denied that it ‘occasioned any impediment to the rear division,’ and this was directly or indirectly confirmed by all the other evidence.
In 1757 Young commanded the Burford in the expedition against Rochefort, under Sir Edward Hawke (Lord Hawke) [q. v.], and in the fleet which afterwards cruised in the Bay of Biscay under Hawke and Boscawen. In 1759 he was captain of the 74-gun ship Mars during the long months off Brest, and on 20 Nov. was flying a commodore's broad pennant. Continuing in the Mars, in November 1761 he had command of a small squadron off Havre. On 21 Oct. 1762 he was promoted to be rear-admiral of the red; but peace being concluded shortly afterwards, he did not then hoist his flag. On 28 Oct. 1770 he was made vice-admiral of the white, and in April 1775, being then vice-admiral of the red, he was appointed commander-in-chief on the Leeward Islands station, with his flag in the Portland. On 29 Jan. 1778 he was promoted to be admiral of the white, and in July he returned to England. He had no further employment, and died in London on 24 Jan. 1789.
J. K. L.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.287 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
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# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Young, John (1750?-1820)

​YOUNG, JOHN (1750?–1820), professor of Greek at Glasgow, second son of John Young, cooper, was born in Glasgow about 1750. He matriculated in Glasgow University in 1764, graduating M.A. in 1769. On 9 June 1774 he was installed professor of Greek in Glasgow University, and proved a very efficient and popular teacher. Thomas Campbell (1777–1844) [q. v.] remembered him as ‘a man of great humour,’ ready to laugh heartily with his students over the whimsicalities of Lucian and Aristophanes (Beattie, Life and Letters of Campbell, i. 159). Captain Hamilton eulogises his scholarship and oratory, comparing his energetic sympathy with that of Burke (Cyril Thornton, chap. vii.). Wilson dedicated to Young and his colleague George Jardine [q. v.] ‘The Isle of Palms and other Poems,’ 1812, and, writing of ‘Homer and his Translators,’ he recalls how Young's reading of the ‘Iliad’ ‘gave life to every line’ (Wilson, Works, viii. 36). A large portion of Letter lxviii. in ‘Peter's Letters to his Kinsfolk,’ vol. iii., is a eulogy of Young, with whose reading of Greek and his enthusiasm over the value of a particle or the sublimity of a poetical passage the writer was deeply impressed. A similar tribute occurs in Gleig's ‘Quarterly’ article on Lockhart's ‘Life of Scott’ (see Quarterly Review, lxxxv. 37, and Lang, Life and Letters of John Gibson Lockhart, i. 22). Young was devoted to the classical stage and enamoured of Kean (Strang, Glasgow and its Clubs, p. 193). After filling his chair for nearly half a century, Young died in Glasgow on 18 Nov. 1820.
On 25 Sept. 1780 Young married Jean Lamont, daughter of Colin Lamont of Knockdow, Argyleshire, who survived him with seven children. His eldest son, John (1781–1852), received the honorary degree of LL.D. from Glasgow in 1810; was for a time chaplain of the East India Company; ​and died rector of Newdigate, Surrey, on 13 May 1852 (Gent. Mag. 1852, ii. 105). Charles, the fourth son (1796–1822), a classical scholar of great promise, died at Glasgow on 17 Dec. 1822 (Foster, Alumni Oxon.; Gent. Mag. 1823, pt. i.).
Although Young's ripe scholarship was mainly utilised in his class-room, he contributed some valuable notes to Dalziel's ‘Collectanea Græca Majora’ (1820). His metrical translation of the ‘Odes’ of Tyrtæus, and his jeu d'esprit after Dr. Johnson on Gray's ‘Elegy,’ are not of much account.
[Authorities in text; information from Emeritus Professor Dickson, Glasgow, Mr. W. Innes Addison, clerk, and Mr. James Lymburn, librarian, Glasgow University; Glasgow Matriculation Album.]
T. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Manners, Charles Cecil John

​MANNERS, CHARLES CECIL JOHN, sixth Duke of Rutland (1815–1888), born 16 May 1815, was eldest surviving son of John Henry, fifth duke of Rutland, by Lady Elizabeth Howard, daughter of the fifth earl of Carlisle. He was educated at Eton and at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he was created M.A. in 1835. He was elected M.P. for Stamford in 1837, and sat for that borough till 1852, when he was returned for North Leicestershire. From 1843 to 1846 he was lord of the bedchamber to the prince consort. He was a strong conservative and protectionist, opposed Lord John Russell on the sugar duties, and generally supported Lord George Bentinck during his leadership of the protectionist party in the House of Commons (1846-7). He was never a powerful speaker, though he spoke very often. After 1852 he grew out of sympathy with the conservative policy; and the lord-lieutenancy of Lincolnshire was, according to Greville, given to him in that year 'to stop his mouth,' He became lord-lieutenant of Leicestershire, 20 March 1857, and in the same year succeeded his father as Duke of Rutland. He was made K.G. in 1867, and died unmarried at Belvoir, 4 March 1888. He was succeeded by his brother, Lord John James Robert Manners, seventh and present duke of Rutland. Rutland's political views were formed in the days preceding the repeal of the corn laws, and were never afterwards modified. Personally he was popular, and a splendid rider to hounds, though in later years he was disabled by gout.
[Times, 5 March 1888; Illustrated London News, 10 March 1888; Field, 10 March 1888; Greville's Journal of the Reign of Queen Victoria, iii. 123, 471, 472; Hansard's Part Debates, especially 1842-57; Eller's Hist. of Belvoir Castle; Disraeli's Life of Lord George Bentinck.]
W. A. J. A.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Manners, George

​MANNERS, GEORGE (1778–1853), editor of the ‘Satirist,’ was born in 1778. He was called to the bar, became a noted wit in London, and was in 1807 founder and one of the proprietors of the ‘Satirist, or Monthly Meteor,’ a venture in scurrilous literature, issued monthly, with a view, it was claimed, to the exposure of impostors. The first number appeared on 1 Oct. 1807. At first coloured cartoons were attempted, but it is stated in the preface to vol. ii. that these were dropped owing to the artists having disappointed the editor. In 1812 Manners parted with it and the publishing offices at 267 Strand to William Jerdan [q. v.], who tried his luck ‘with a new series, divested of the personalities and rancour of the old.’ Despite the bad bargain which he made over this purchase, Jerdan describes Manners as ‘a gentleman in every sense of the word, full of fancy and talent, acute and well informed’ (Autobiography, i. 108). The periodical ceased in 1824. In 1819 Manners became British consul at Boston, and held office till 1839. He died at Coburg in Canada on 18 Feb. 1853.
Manners wrote: 1. ‘Edgar, or the Caledonian Brothers,’ a tragedy, London, 1806, 4to. 2. ‘Mentoriana, or a Letter of Admonition to the Duke of York,’ 1807, 8vo. 3. ‘Vindiciæ Satiricæ, or a Vindication of the Principles of the “Satirist,”’ 1809, 8vo. 4. ‘The Rival Impostors, or Two Political Epistles to Two Political Cheats,’ 1809, 8vo. 5. ‘The Conflagration: a Poem,’ Boston, 1825, 4to; this was written to assist the sufferers in Canadian fires.
[Notes and Queries, 2nd ser. i. 314, 561, ii. 156; Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Drake's Amer. Biog.]
W. A. J. A.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Mann, Nicholas

​MANN, NICHOLAS (d. 1753), master of the Charterhouse, a native of Tewkesbury, proceeded in 1699 from Eton to King's College, Cambridge, of which he was elected fellow, and graduated B.A. in 1703, M.A. in 1707. At college he was tutor to the Marquis of Blandford, but afterwards became an assistant-master at Eton, and then one of the clerks in the secretary's office under Lord Townshend. He travelled in France and Italy, and on his return was appointed king's waiter at the custom house, and keeper of the standing wardrobe at Windsor. Through the interest of the Marlborough family he was elected master of the Charterhouse on 19 Aug. 1737. At his institution he is said to have shocked the Archbishop of Canterbury by professing himself an Arian (Bishop Newton, Life, pp. 20–1). He died at Bath on 24 Nov. 1753, and was buried in the piazza at the Charterhouse, having some years before affixed his own epitaph over the chapel door. By will he bequeathed his library and collection of manuscripts (excepting those of his own composition) to Eton College.
Mann, who was an excellent scholar and antiquary, wrote: 1. ‘Of the True Years of the Birth and of the Death of Christ; two Chronological Dissertations,’ 8vo, London, 1733 (Latin version, with additions, 1742 and 1752). 2. ‘Critical Notes on some passages of Scripture’ (anon.), 8vo, London, 1747. Richard Gough had in his possession a copy of Gale's ‘Antonini Iter’ profusely annotated by Mann (Nichols, Bibliotheca, No. 2, p. vii of Preface).
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Mann, William

​MANN, WILLIAM (1817–1873), astronomer, was born at Lewisham in Kent on 25 Oct. 1817. He was third son of Major-general Cornelius Mann, R.E., and grandson of Gother Mann [q. v.], and accompanied his family to Gibraltar in 1830, on his father's appointment as commanding-royal engineer. In 1837 Admiral Shirreff procured him the post of second assistant at the Royal Observatory, Cape of Good Hope, and after due preparation he entered upon his duties in October 1839. For six years he was engaged chiefly on the remeasurement of Lacaille's arc, and sometimes passed three months without shelter even by night. His health, impaired by hardships, was recruited by a trip to England in 1846, and on his return in December 1847 he engaged, as first assistant, in the ordinary work of the observatory. His next voyage home was for the purpose of fetching the new transit-circle, erected by him at the Gape in 1855 with only native aid. His observations of the great comet of December 1844, and of the transit of Mercury on 4 Nov. 1868, were communicated to the Royal Astronomical Society (Monthly Notices, vi. 314, 934, 252, xxix. 196), of which body he was elected a member on 10 March 1871. From a chest disorder, contracted through assiduity in cometary observations, he sought relief at Natal in 1866, in England in 1867, but was attacked in 1870 with shattering effect by scarlet fever, of which two of his children had just died. He retired from the observatory, and died at Claremont, near Cape Town, on 30 April 1873. He married in 1863 Caroline, second daughter of Sir Thomas Maclear [q. v.] The value for three years of a small pension, granted to him from the civil list on the eve of his death, was paid to her by Mr. Gladstone's orders. Mann's character and abilities were superior to his opportunities. He was a good mathematician and mechanician, and his fellow-assistant, Professor Piazzi Smyth, wrote of his 'splendid intellectual parts and excellent dispositions.'
[Monthly Notices, xzxiv. 141.]
A. M. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Romanus (fl.624)

​ROMANUS (fl. 624), bishop of Rochester, was probably among the missionaries sent with Augustine to Britain in 597 by Pope Gregory the Great. In 624, on the death of Mellitus, Justus was moved to the metropolitan see of Canterbury, and the bishopric of West Kent thus became vacant. Romanus was consecrated as second prelate in the same year by Justus, his predecessor, who soon after despatched him on a mission to Rome. He was shipwrecked and drowned in a storm off the coast of Italy, apparently before the death of Justus in 627, ‘being sent to Pope Honorius by Archbishop Justus as his legate.’
C. R. B.