OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Taylor, Policarpus

Polycarpus Taylor in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
​TAYLOR, POLICARPUS (d. 1780), rear-admiral, was on 21 June 1739 promoted to be second lieutenant of the Augusta with Sir Chaloner Ogle [q. v.] He seems to have gone out with Ogle to the West Indies, and in June 1741 was moved by Vernon to the Boyne, his own flagship. On 2 May 1743 he was promoted to be captain of the Fowey frigate on the Jamaica station, and continued in her till 1747, when he was moved by Rear-admiral (afterwards Sir Charles) Knowles [q. v.] to the Elizabeth of 64 guns, and, after the abortive attempt on St. Iago de Cuba, to the Cornwall, Knowles's own flagship. As flag-captain, Taylor took part in the engagement off Havana on 1 Oct. 1748. When Knowles returned to England he put Taylor in command of the Ripon, and left him as senior officer on the station. In the following autumn he was recalled, and arrived at Spithead early in January 1749–50. In the spring of 1756 he was appointed to the Marlborough, but on 7 June to the Culloden, with orders to go out with Sir Edward (afterwards Lord) Hawke [q. v.] and join her at Gibraltar. He seems to have brought her to England in the course of 1757 and to have had no more service, though by a confusion with Wittewronge Taylor [q. v.] —aggravated by his connection with Knowles, the Cornwall, and Hawke—he is said to have commanded the Ramillies in 1758. In 1762 he was superannuated with the rank of rear-admiral ‘in the fleet,’ or, as it was then called, ‘yellowed,’ and passed the rest of his life in retirement in Durham, where he died in 1780.
J. K. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Taylor, Robert (1710-1762)

​TAYLOR, ROBERT (1710–1762), physician, son of John Taylor of Newark, twice mayor of that town, was born there in April 1710. He was educated at the Newark grammar school on Dr. Magnus's foundation and under Dr. Warburton; he was entered at St. John's College, Cambridge, but migrated to Trinity College on 27 Oct. 1727. He proceeded M.B. in 1732 and M.D. on 7 July 1737. Returning to Newark in 1732, he won the esteem of his fellow-townsmen by his polished manners, professional assiduity, and general erudition. While practising at Newark he was called in to attend Richard Boyle, third earl of Burlington [q. v.], who was on a visit to Belvoir Castle, and who was there taken dangerously ill. Taylor cured the patient by (it is said) the bold administration of opium. Thereupon Lord and Lady ​Burlington prevailed upon him to remove to London, where their efforts soon established him in extensive practice, and obtained for him the patronage of Sir Edward Hulse (1682–1759) [q. v.], who was withdrawing from public life. Taylor was admitted a candidate of the College of Physicians on 4 April 1748, and was elected a fellow on 20 March 1749. He was Gulstonian lecturer in 1750, censor in 1751, and Harveian orator in 1755. His oration, which was published in 1756, summarised the opinion of the College of Physicians with respect to inoculation, and was especially valued in foreign countries. It ranks among the most polished in style and the most elaborate in matter of any of the Harveian orations that are in print.
Taylor was admitted a fellow of the Royal Society on 7 Dec. 1752. He held the appointment of physician to the king. A fine mansion at Winthorpe, near Newark, which he was erecting, was unfinished at the time of his death. He died on 15 May 1762, and was buried in South Audley Street chapel, whence his remains were removed in 1778 to Winthorpe. He was twice married: first to Anne, youngest daughter of John Heron (she died in 1757, and was buried at Newark); secondly, on 9 Nov. 1759, to Elizabeth Mainwaring of Lincoln, a lady who had a fortune of 10,000l. His only surviving child, Elizabeth, became the wife of Henry Chaplin of Blankney Hall, Lincolnshire. He and his second wife are commemorated by a monument in Winthorpe church. There is a portrait of Taylor at Blankney in the possession of his descendant, the Right Hon. Henry Chaplin, M.P.
Taylor was the author of:
* ‘Epistola Critica ad O.V.D. Edoardum Wilmot, Baronettum; in qua quatuor Quæstionibus ad Variolas Insitivas spectantibus orbi medico denuo propositis ab Antonio de Haen in Univ. Vindobonensi Professore primario, directe responsum est.’
* ‘Sex Historiæ Medicæ sive Morborum aliquot funestorum et rariorum Commentarius.’ These, with his Harveian oration of 1755, were published together under the title of ‘Miscellanea Medica,’ 4to, London, 1761.
[Munk's Coll. of Phys.; Brit. Mus. Library Cat.; Records of Trinity College, Cambridge.]
W. W. W.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Taylor, Richard Cowling

​TAYLOR, RICHARD COWLING (1789–1851), antiquary, third son of Samuel Taylor, farmer, was born at Hinton, Suffolk, or at Banham in Norfolk, on 18 Jan. 1789. He was educated at Halesworth, and articled to Mr. Webb, land surveyor at Stow-on-the-Wold, Gloucestershire, in July 1805. He received further instruction from William Smith (1769–1839) [q. v.], the ‘Father of British geology,’ and finally became a land surveyor at Norwich in 1813, removing to London in October 1826. In the early part of his career he was engaged on the ordnance survey of England. Subsequently he was occupied in reporting on mining properties, including that of the British Iron Company in South Wales, his plaster model of which received the Isis medal of the Society of Arts. In July 1830 he went to the United States of America, and, after surveying the Blossburg coal region in Pennsylvania, spent three years in the exploration of the coal and iron veins of the Dauphin and Susquehanna Coal Company in Dauphin county in the same state. He published an elaborate report with maps. He also made surveys of mining lands in Cuba and the British provinces.
His knowledge of theoretical geology led him to refer the old red sandstone that underlies the Pennsylvania coalfields to its true place, corresponding with its location in the series of European rocks. He was elected a fellow of the Geological Society of London. He died at Philadelphia on 26 Oct. 1851, having married in 1820 Emily, daughter of George Errington of Great Yarmouth, by whom he had four daughters. He devoted much time to archæology, and published ‘Index Monasticus, or the Abbeys and other Monasteries … formerly established in the Diocese of Norwich and the Ancient Kingdom of East Anglia,’ 1821. His other principal works were:
* ‘On the Geology of East Norfolk,’ 1827.
* ‘Statistics, History, and Description of Fossil Fuel,’ 2nd edit. 1841.
* ‘Statistics of Coal,’ Philadelphia, 1848; 2nd edit. revised, 1854.
* ‘The Coalfields of Great Britain, with Notices of Coalfields in other parts of the World,’ 1861.
He compiled the index to the new edition of Dugdale's ‘Monasticon’ (1860), which cost him two years of hard work. He also contributed fourteen papers to the archives of the United Friars of Norwich, and many articles to the ‘Magazine of Natural History.’
[Gent. Mag. 1852, i. 201–5, 218; Allibone's Dict. of English Literature; Appleton's American Biography, 1889; Memoir by Isaac Lea in Proceedings of Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1850–1, v. 290–6.]
G. C. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Senhouse, William

​SENHOUSE or SEVER, WILLIAM (d. 1505), bishop of Durham, whose name appears as Senhouse, Senews, Senuz, Sever, and Siveyer, was born at Shincliffe, a village close to Durham. He is said to have been related to, as he has often been confused with, Henry Sever [q. v.]; but more probably he was connected with the Senhouse family of Cumberland, a later member of which, Richard Senhouse [q. v.], became, like William, bishop of Carlisle. William entered the Benedictine order, and is said by Wood to have been educated either in Gloucester College or Durham College, Oxford. On 11 March 1467–8 he was ordained subdeacon in St. Mary's Abbey, York, where he became abbot in 1485. In 1495 he was elected bishop of Carlisle, the temporalities being restored to him on 11 Dec.; he was consecrated in the following year. In 1496 he was one of the commissioners sent to Scotland to negotiate the marriage of Henry VII's daughter Margaret with James IV, and he helped to arrange the treaty that was signed in the following year. In 1499 he was appointed one of the conservators of the truce between the two kingdoms (cf. Cal. Hatfield MSS. i. 3). In 1502 he was translated to Durham, resigning the abbey of St. Mary, which he had hitherto held. He died in 1505, and was buried at St. Mary's Abbey, York.
A. F. P.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Senhouse, Richard

​SENHOUSE, RICHARD (d. 1626), bishop of Carlisle, was third son of John Senhouse (d. 1604) of Netherhall, Cumberland, by Anne, daughter of John Ponsonby of Hail Hall. The father was an antiquary who collected Roman remains. Sir Robert Cotton visited him in 1599. Richard was educated, according to Jefferson, first at Trinity and afterwards at St. John's College, Cambridge, whence he graduated M.A. in 1598 (incorporated at Oxford in 1600), and proceeded B.D. by grace of 15 Feb. 1608, D.D. in 1622. He became fellow of St. John's on 7 April 1598. He was a good preacher, and became chaplain successively to the Earl of Bedford, Prince Charles, and King James I. In 1606 he was appointed vicar of Bumpsted Steeple, Essex; in 1608 he was rector of Cheam, Surrey, and on 18 Dec. 1621 he became dean of Gloucester. He was made bishop of Carlisle on 26 Sept. 1624, and preached the coronation sermon for Charles I. He died, it is said owing to a fall from his horse, on 6 May 1626, and was buried in the cathedral. A volume containing four sermons by him was published, London, 1627 4to.
W. A. J. A.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Senatus

Senatus of Worcester in the ODNB.
​SENATUS, called Bravonius (d. 1207), prior of Worcester, rose to that dignity after filling the offices of precentor and librarian. He taught in the monastery and did much to develop the school. As librarian he made a concordance of the gospels, addressed to Master Alured, by whose order it was written. He quotes many authorities, and refers to the copy of Offa's Bible sent from Rome, and then preserved at Worcester. The dedicatory letter has been printed from a manuscript at Conches addressed to Master S. (Martene and Durand, Thes. Anecd. i. 484). In the Corpus MS. (Cambridge) No. 48 the whole work is extant in Senatus's autograph. He also wrote a life of St. Oswald [q. v.], bishop of Worcester, and afterwards archbishop of York, which has been printed by Raine (Church Historians of York, ii. 60). It is extant in the Durham MS. B. iv. 39, where it is followed by the manuscript life of St. Wulstan [q. v.], bishop of Worcester, which is probably also by Senatus. It may be a Latin translation of the English life by Colman, monk of Worcester (Hardy, Descr. Cat. ii. 72). Another Latin translation of this biography in Cott. Claud. A. v. is by William of Malmesbury (Wharton, vol. ii. p. xv).
In the Bodleian MS. N.E. B. 2. 1. are six letters written by Senatus as prior: to Roger, bishop of Worcester; to Master Alured (as above); to John Comyn, archbishop of Dublin, ‘de horis canonicis’ (two copies); to Clement, prior of Osney, praising the schools of Oxford; to Master Alured, ‘de officio et orationibus missæ;’ and to William de Tunbridge, ‘de attributis divinis.’ In the Lambeth MS. 238, fo. 207, is his ‘expositio in canonem missæ,’ dedicated to Master Alured (Wharton, i. 548). Leland saw a collection of his letters at Worcester (Coll. iii. 160). Senatus resigned the priorate on 20 Nov. 1196, and died in 1207.
M. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Senhouse, Humphrey Fleming

​SENHOUSE, Sir HUMPHREY FLEMING (1781–1841), captain in the navy, baptised on 6 June 1781, was third son of William Senhouse (1741–1800), lieutenant R.N., surveyor-general of Barbados and the Leeward Islands, by Elizabeth, daughter of Samson Wood, speaker of the Barbados assembly. His grandfather, Humphrey Senhouse of Netherhall, Cumberland, married Mary, daughter and coheiress of Sir George Fleming [q. v.], bishop of Carlisle. He entered the navy in January 1797 on board the Prince of Wales, flagship of Rear-admiral (Sir) Henry Harvey [q. v.], in the West Indies. In November 1797 he was moved into the Requin brig, in which he came for the first time to England towards the end of 1799. From March 1800 to April 1802 he served in the Fisgard under the command of Captain (afterwards Sir) Thomas Byam Martin [q. v.], and Captain (afterwards Sir) Michael Seymour [q. v.] On 7 April 1802 he passed his examination, and two days afterwards was promoted to be lieutenant of the Galgo. In May 1803 he was appointed to the Conqueror with Captain (afterwards Sir) Thomas Louis [q. v.] With Israel Pellew [q. v.], who relieved Louis in April 1804, he served in the Mediterranean, in the voyage to the West Indies, and in the battle of Trafalgar, till January 1806. He then went out to the West Indies in the Elephant, was put on board the Northumberland flagship ​of Sir Alexander Forrester Inglis Cochrane [q. v.], and in September 1806 was appointed to command the Express on the Spanish Main and among the Leeward Islands till March 1808, when he joined the Belleisle as flag-lieutenant to Sir Alexander Cochrane. Cochrane sent him home with despatches in the following July. On 26 Jan. 1809 he rejoined the admiral, now in the Neptune, and served through the reduction of Martinique. For this, on 7 March, he was promoted to the Wolverene, which, and afterwards the Ringdove and Supérieure, he commanded in the West Indies till the following December. In 1810–12 he commanded the Recruit at Gibraltar, Newfoundland, and Halifax; and in 1812–14 the Martin on the Halifax station.
On 12 Oct. 1814 he was advanced to post rank, and from April to September 1815 commanded the Superb on the coast of France, as flag-captain to Sir Henry Hotham [q. v.] He was again with Hotham in the Mediterranean, as flag-captain in the St. Vincent, which he commanded from 1831 to 1834. On 13 April 1832 he was nominated a K.C.H., and was knighted on 5 June 1834. In April 1839 he commissioned the Blenheim, which he took out to China, where he died, on 14 June 1841, of fever contracted by fatigue and exposure during the operations at Canton. He was buried at Macao. Fifteen days after his death he was nominated a C.B. He married, in 1810, Elizabeth, daughter of Vice-admiral John Manley, and left two daughters.
J. K. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Senex, John

​SENEX, JOHN (d. 1740), cartographer and engraver, had in 1719 a bookseller's establishment at the Globe in Salisbury Court, Fleet Street. Here Ephraim Chambers [q. v.] was for some time his apprentice. Senex engraved the plates for the London almanacs from 1717 to 1727, except in 1723; and he executed the cuts for the second edition of Sir William Browne's ‘Account of Microscopes and Telescopes.’ He was, however, chiefly known as a cartographer and globe-maker. He printed with C. Price, probably in 1710, ‘Proposals for a New Sett of Correct Mapps.’ In that year he issued, with Price and John Maxwell, maps of North America and Germany, and in 1712 one of ‘Moscovy.’ They appeared collectively in 1714 as ‘The English Atlas,’ under the joint names of Senex and Maxwell. ‘A new General Atlas’ followed in 1721. Senex ‘improved, very much corrected, and made portable’ John Ogilby's ‘Survey of all the Principal Roads of England and Wales,’ in 1719, and corrected and enlarged P. Gordon's ‘Geography Anatomized,’ in 1722 (reissued in 1730, 1735, and 1740). About 1720 he, with two others, made a representation to the House of Commons on the subject of a new globular projection. He was admitted a fellow of the Royal Society on 4 July 1728, and read there on 4 May 1738 a paper on his ‘Contrivance to make the Poles of the Diurnal Motion in a Celestial Globe pass round the Poles of the Ecliptic.’ The celestial globe was to be ‘so adjusted as to exhibit not only the risings and settings of the stars, in all ages, and in all latitudes, but the other phænomena likewise, that depend upon the motion of the diurnal axis round the annual axis.’ Senex died on 30 Dec. 1740. Many of his maps are in the library of Trinity College, Dublin.
G. Le G. N.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Sengham, William

​SENGHAM, WILLIAM (fl. 1260), Austin friar, of humble parentage, took the Augustinian habit at Rome in his youth, and was sent to teach in England, together with Albertinus de Verona, by Lanfranc, prior-general of the order. By Sengham's industry twenty houses of Austin friars were founded. Nicasius Baxius wrote of him:
‘Anglia me genuit, formavit Roma, recepit  Anglia, quo caperet quæ mihi Roma dedit.’
Tanner attributes to him the following works, of which only the last is known to be extant: 1. ‘De Claustro Animæ.’ 2. ‘De Professione Novitiorum.’ 3. ‘De Tentationum Remediis.’ 4. ‘Scripturarum Explicationes.’ 5. An Index to the ‘De Fide et Legibus, ascribed to William Perault, extant in a manuscript belonging to the dean and chapter of Lincoln. Thomas Colby, bishop of Waterford, made indices to his works and praised his teaching.
M. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Huish, Alexander

1904 Errata appended.
​HUISH, ALEXANDER (1594?–1668), biblical scholar, was the son of John Hewish or Huish, and born in the parish of St. Cuthbert, Wells, Somersetshire, in 1594 or 1595, entered Magdalen Hall, Oxford, in 1609, from which he was taken in 1613 by the foundress of Wadham College, and made one of the original scholars of that house. On 10 Feb. 1613-14 he was admitted B.A., being the first of the college to obtain that degree. On 27 June 1614 he was recommended for election by the foundress, and was admitted 30 June 1615. He proceeded M.A. on 17 Dec. 1616, and B.D. on 2 June 1627 (Reg. of Univ. of Oxf., Oxf. Hist. Soc., vol. ii. pt.iii. p.325). He held various college offices, and resigned his fellowship 28 June 1629. He was appointed a prebendary of Wedmore Secunda in Wells Cathedral on 26 Oct. 1627 (Le Neve, Fasti, ed. Hardy, i. 183), obtained the rectory of Beckington, Somersetshire, on 21 Dec. 1628, and that of Hornblotton in the same county on 6 Feb. 1638. He was arrested as a delinquent in 1640, the inhabitants of Beckington having petitioned parliament on account of his innovations in the services, and was at one time imprisoned at Chadfield, near Bradford, Wiltshire. He was not, however, formally dispossessed of Beckington till 1650, when John After took possession. At the Restoration he recovered both his livings, and received in addition, on 12 Sept. 1660, the prebend of Whitelackington in Wells Cathedral (ib. i. 188). Huish died in April 1668.
He was author of: 1. 'Lectures upon the Lord's Prayer,' 3 pts., 4to, London, 1626. 2. 'Musa Ruralis; in adventum … Caroli II., … vota, suspiria, gaudia, et rursum vota: quæ suo, aliorumque rectorum, non rectorum, ruralium nomine, effudit A. Huissus,' 4to, London, 1660. He also edited John Flavel's (1596-1617) [q. v.] 'Tractatus de Demonstratione,' 8vo, 1619. Brian Walton, too, owed much to Huish in the compilation of his 'Polyglott Bible,' and selected him as one of the four correctors of the work while at press. Huish's labours were devoted to the Septuagint, the Greek text of the New Testament, and the Vulgate. He collated the Alexandrian MS., according to Bentley, 'with great exactness.' In the last volume (vi.) Huish wrote, according to Wood, 'A Greek Hymn with the Latin to it,' composed on St. Hilary's day, 13 Jan. (O.S.) 1657-8, 'in the year of his grand climacteric 63.' He also has a poem in the 'Oxford Verses' on the death of Queen Anne, wife of James I, and contributed to the 'Ultima Lima Savilii,' 1622.
G. G.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.162 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
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# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hull, John

​HULL, JOHN, M.D. (1761–1843), botanist, was born at Poulton, Lancashire, in 1761. In May 1792 he graduated as M.D. at Leyden, his dissertation being 'de catharticis.' He settled at Manchester, where he practised especially as an accoucheur, and became physician to the Lying-in Hospital. Between 1798 and 1801 he published several papers in defence of the Cæsarian operation, and having taken to botany as a relaxation he issued in 1799 a 'British Flora,' which reached a second edition in 1808, and two volumes on the 'Elements of Botany' in 1800. In 1819 he became a licentiate of the College of Physicians. He died at his eldest son's house in Tavistock Square, London, 17 March 1843. His son, William Winstanley Hull, is noticed separately.
G. S. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hulett, James

​HULETT, JAMES (d. 1771), engraver, resided in London, and was extensively employed on illustrations for books. His engravings do not possess any particular merit. He engraved plates for many books, including D. de Coetlogon's 'Dictionary of Arts and Sciences,' 1745, and portraits of the Earl of Essex and Lord Fairfax for Peck's `Life and Actions of Oliver Cromwell;' besides a view of `The Bridge over the Thames at Hampton Court' after Canaletto, and a portrait of Owen Farrell, the Irish dwarf, after H. Gravelot. Hulett lived in Red Lion Street, Clerkenwell, and died in 1771.
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hulet, Charles

​HULET, CHARLES (1701–1736), actor, an apprentice to Edmund Curll [q. v.], the bookseller, found his way on to the stage and acted one season in Dublin and several in London. No list of his performances appears in Genest. He played at Lincoln's Inn Fields,13 June 1722, the First Tribune in the 'History and Fall of Domitian,' an alteration of Massinger's 'Roman Actor,' and on 3 May 1723 Achilles in 'Troilus and Cressida.' At Lincoln's Inn Fields he remained until 1732, enacting, among many other parts, Kent in 'Lear,' Metaphrastus in the 'Mistake,' Salisbury in 'Sir Walter Raleigh,' Sotmore in Fielding's 'Coffee-house Politician,' Cassander in the 'Rival Queens,' Oronooko, Cacofogo in 'Rule a Wife and have a Wife,' and Flip in the 'Fair Quaker.' He was the original Downright in an alteration of 'Every Man in his Humour,' produced 11 Jan. 1725, Theron in Philip Frowde's 'Fall of Saguntum' and Craterus in his 'Philotas,' Magician in Theobald's 'Orestes,' Doubtful in Hippisley's 'Honest Welshman,' Zeno in Tracy's 'Periander,' and Momus in 'Momus turned Fabulist,' On 2 Oct. 1732 he appeared at Goodman's Fields as Falstaff in 'King Henry IV.' He remained at this house until his death, playing Gloucester in 'King Lear,' Henry VIII in 'Virtue Betrayed,' Serjeant Sly in the 'Mad Captain,' Clytus, Othello, Cassius, King in the 'Mourning Bride,' Timophanes in 'Timoleon,' Lord Rake in 'Britannia,' Macheath, Falstaff in 'Merry Wives of Windsor,' Montezuma in 'Indian Emperor,' Freehold in 'Country Lasses,' and for his benefit Richard III. Freehold, played 3 Dec. 1734, is his last recorded character. He probably played in the following season (1735-1736) at Goodman's Fields and at Lincoln's Inn Fields, to which the company migrated. He seems to have been in Dublin in 1727-8.
J. K.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hull, Robert

​HULL, ROBERT (d. 1425), judge. [See Hill, Robert.]