OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# A Biographical Dictionary of the Celebrated Women of Every Age and Country/Rosa, (Anna di)

ROSA (ANNA DI), an Italian, surnamed Anella di Massinassi, from her Master,
Painted history with great success. She died at the age of thirty-six, the victim of jealousy; being ​poignarded by Augustino Beltrano, her husband, who was hurried away by unjust suspicions.
Madame Genlis.
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Harris, Joseph Macdonald

From volume 1 of the work.
[ W. H. H. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Harrison, William

From volume 1 of the work.
[ W. H. H. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Harris, René

From volume 1 of the work.
​HARRIS, René, or Renatus, is the most celebrated member of this family of English organ builders. His grandfather had built an organ for Magdalen College, Oxford; but his father, Thomas, appears to have emigrated to France, for Dr. Burney says that Renatus came to England with his father a few months after Father Smith's arrival (1660). To Smith, Renatus Harris became a formidable rival, especially in the competition for building an organ in the Temple Church. [Schmidt, Bernard.] [App. p.668 corrects link to Smith, Father.]
Thomas Harris of New Sarum in 1666 contracted to build an organ for Worcester Cathedral. Renatus Harris in 1690 agreed to improve and enlarge his grandfather's organ in Magdalen College, Oxford. Dr. Rimbault gives a list of 39 organs built by this eminent artist. He had two sons—Renatus, jun., who built an organ for St. Dionis Backchurch, London, in 1724, and John, who built most of his organs in conjunction with his son-in-law, John Byfield.
[ V. de P. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Harrison, Samuel

From volume 1 of the work.
[ W. H. H. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Hart, Charles

From volume 1 of the work.
[ W. H. H. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Hart, Joseph

From volume 1 of the work.
[ W. H. H. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Hartmann

See text for Wikipedia links
​HARTMANN. A family of German origin who have lived in Copenhagen for some four generations. Johann Ernst (1726–1793) was a violinist and composer, who after holding several musical posts at Breslau and Rudolstadt became capellmeister to the Duke of Ploen, and went with him to Copenhagen. Here he wrote much music, now completely forgotten, with the exception of the song 'Kong Christian,' which first appeared in an opera 'Der Fischer,' and has since been adopted as the Danish National Hymn. He died in 1791. His son,
August Wilhelm, born 1775, held the post of organist to the Garrison Church in Copenhagen from 1800 to 1850, and was the father of
Johann Peter Emil, born May 14, 1805, who has for many years held a high place among Danish composers. His opera 'Ravnen' (The Raven), to words by H. C. Andersen, was produced Oct. 29, 1832. It was followed by 'Die Corsaren' on April 23, 1835, and 'Liden Kirsten' ('Little Christie'), on May 12, 1846. Besides these he has written much for the theatre in the way of incidental music, etc., as well as choral works, songs, a symphony in G minor, dedicated to Spohr, and many piano pieces, mentioned in vol. ii. p. 729b. His son,
[ M. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Harris, Joseph John

From volume 1 of the work.
[ W. H. H. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Hart, Philip

From volume 1 of the work.
[ W. H. H. ]
# 1922 Encyclopædia Britannica/Loreburn, Robert Threshie Reid, 1st Earl

See also Robert Reid, 1st Earl Loreburn on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
LOREBURN, ROBERT THRESHIE REID, 1st Earl (1846-), British lawyer and politician, was born at Corfu April 3 1846, and was educated at Cheltenham and Balliol College, Oxford, where he had a distinguished career, winning the Ireland scholarship in 1868. He was called to the bar in 1871, and in 1880 entered politics as Liberal member for Hereford. In 1882 he became a Q.C., and having in 1885 lost his seat at Hereford, was returned in 1886 for Dumfries Burghs, retaining the seat until 1905. In 1894 he was for a few months Solicitor-General and was knighted, and during 1894-5 was Attorney-General. From 1899 to 1906 he was counsel to the university of Oxford. On the formation of Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman's Government in 1905, Sir Robert Reid became Lord Chancellor, and was raised to the peerage as Baron Loreburn. To him, while Chancellor, the passage of the Court of Criminal Appeal Act (1907) was largely due. In 1912 he resigned on grounds of health. Lord Loreburn was created an earl in July 1911. He published Capture at Sea (1913) and How the War Came (1919).
# 1922 Encyclopædia Britannica/Lorimer, Sir Robert Stodart

See also Robert Lorimer on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
LORIMER, SIR ROBERT STODART (1864-), Scottish architect, son of Prof. Lorimer of Edinburgh University, was born at Edinburgh Nov. 4 1864. After an education at the Edinburgh academy, and then at the university, Lorimer entered the office of Sir Rowand Anderson as a pupil, at the age of 21. Here he passed some four or five years, and after travelling in England for study he spent upwards of two years in the London office of G. F. Bodley, R.A. Under his guidance Lorimer's predilection for Gothic work fostered by subsequent travel abroad received the encouragement that fitted him for the church work which, later, played so large a part in his career. In 1893 he returned to Edinburgh to undertake the restoration of Earlshall, Lewchars and other commissions. This was the beginning
of a large series of additions and restorations he was called on to carry out—amongst them Dunderaw and Monzie castles and Pilkerro in Scotland; Lympne Castle, Kent; and Barton Hartshorne, Bucks. His domestic work, apart from restorations and alterations, included new houses at Ardinglar, Argyllshire, Cupar, Fife; Hallyburton; Brackenbrough in Cumberland, and St. Marnock's, co. Dublin. Throughout his restoration design there is evident a full acquaintance with, and feeling for, the methods and principles of the earlier builder, without too close and academic an adherence to them. A great opportunity was afforded him in 1909 in his design for the new chapel of the Knights of the Order of the Thistle, on the south side of St. Giles's cathedral, Edinburgh, the chief example of his skill and architectural ability. The large sum of money left by Lord Leven and Melville for the restoration of the chapel at Holyrood Palace it was found impossible to utilize for that purpose, and on its reversion to the estate his heir, with great generosity, devoted the amount to the building of a new chapel for the use of the Order, and for this Lorimer was appointed architect. This building, small but highly ornate and enriched with carefully conceived detail, gave him the opportunity of giving to Scotland a worthy modern example of ecclesiastical woodwork to add to its only existing specimens of any importance—the few stalls at Dunblane cathedral, and the woodwork in King's College, Aberdeen. It was in connexion with this fine work that, in 1911, he was knighted. He also designed a large number of churches, and fitted many others with screens, organ-cases, and choir-stalls. In 1920 he was elected Associate of the Royal Academy and in 1921 a member of the Scottish Academy.
# 1922 Encyclopædia Britannica/London, Jack

See also Jack London on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
LONDON, JACK (1876-1916), American novelist, was born at San Francisco Jan. 12 1876 and educated at the university of California. He was a born adventurer, going to sea at the age of 17 and serving before the mast as A.B. He went with the first rush to Klondike in 1897 and tramped across the States and Canada, being in gaol more than once as a vagabond. In 1904 he went to Japan as war correspondent and in 1914 to Mexico in the same capacity. In 1906 he started on a voyage round the world in a 50-ft. ketch-rigged yacht and disappeared for two years. His novels, for the most part published first in London, reflect his wild adventurous life, the best known being The Son of the Wolf (1900); The Call of the Wild (1903); Moon Face (1906); Martin Eden (1909); South Sea Tales (1912), and his last, The Little Lady of the Big House (1916). He died at Glen Ellen, Cal., Nov. 22 1916.
See The Book of Jack London (1921), by his wife Charmian London.
# 1922 Encyclopædia Britannica/Londonderry, Charles Stewart Vane-Tempest-Stewart, 6th Marquess of

See also Charles Vane-Tempest-Stewart, 6th Marquess of Londonderry on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
LONDONDERRY, CHARLES STEWART VANE-TEMPEST-STEWART, 6th Marquess of (1852-1915), British Unionist politician (see 16.969), was a prominent leader of the opposition to the Home Rule bill introduced by the Asquith Government in April 1912. He was one of the first Unionists to sign the Ulster covenant Sept. 28 1912, and subscribed largely to the funds accumulated by the Irish Unionists. Lord Londonderry was one of the largest coal-owners in the north of England, and by his energy and business capacity greatly increased the value of his property. He died at Wynyard Park, Stockton-on-Tees, Feb. 8 1915. Lord Londonderry married in 1875 Lady Theresa Chetwynd Talbot, elder daughter of the 19th Earl of Shrewsbury, who was well known for her philanthropic and political work and also as a brilliant hostess. During her residence in Ireland Lady Londonderry did much for the promotion of Irish industries, and in later life she completely identified herself with
her husband's activities on behalf of the Unionist cause. She died in London March 16 1919.
Their eldest son, Charles Stewart Henry Vane-Tempest-Stewart, 7th Marquess of Londonderry (1878-), was born in London May 13 1878. He was educated at Eton, and afterwards entered the Royal Military College at Sandhurst. As Viscount Castlereagh he entered the House of Commons in 1906 as Unionist member for Maidstone. He served during the World War, and in 1915 succeeded his father as 7th marquess. He married in 1899 Edith, daughter of 1st Viscount Chaplin, who did much valuable work during the World War as the originator of the Women's Legion. She founded the corps of “Domestic Legionaries,” as an attempt to solve the problem of domestic service; and in 1917 was created D.B.E.
# 1922 Encyclopædia Britannica/Logue, Michael

See also Michael Logue on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
LOGUE, MICHAEL (1840-), Irish ecclesiastic, was born at Kilmacrenan, co. Donegal, on Oct. 1 1840, of peasant stock. He was ordained priest in 1866 at Paris, where he had been professor of belles lettres and theology at the Irish College. In 1879 he was consecrated Bishop of Raphoe, was made Archbishop of Armagh in 1887, and was raised to the cardinalate in 1893. Though completely in sympathy with the nationalist aspirations of his Roman Catholic fellow-countrymen, Cardinal Logue maintained a correct and loyal attitude during the World War, and on June 19 1917, when numbers of the younger clergy were beginning to take part in the Sinn Fein agitation, he issued an “instruction” calling attention to the teaching of the Church as to the obedience due to legitimate authority, warning the clergy against belonging to “dangerous associations,” and reminding priests that it was strictly forbidden by the statutes of the National Synod to speak of political or kindred affairs in the church. In 1918, however, he placed himself at the head of the opposition to the extension of the Military Service Act to Ireland, priests being allowed to denounce “conscription” from the altar on the ground that the question was not political but moral. He reprobated the campaign of murder against the police and military begun in 1919, and in his Lenten pastoral of 1921 he vigorously denounced murder by whomsoever committed, though the force of this denunciation was weakened by an almost equally vigorous attack on the methods and policy of the Government. The cardinal was much respected by people of all classes and creeds. In earlier life he was a keen student of nature and an excellent yachtsman.
# 1922 Encyclopædia Britannica/Long, John Davis

See also John Davis Long on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838-1915), American lawyer and politician (see 16.974), died at Hingham, Mass., Aug. 28 1915.
# A Chinese and English vocabulary, in the Tie-chiu dialect/Tiam
### Tiam.
#### 甜$^{-1}$

    Sweet; excellent.

#### 霑$^{-1}$

    A drizzling rain; to wet; damp.

#### 坫$^1$

    A screen in a door-way; a stand for food or drink.

#### 沾$^1$

    To moisten; to tinge; to receive favors; be affected by.

#### 砧$^1$

    A stone to beat clothes or plants upon.

#### 苫$^1$

    Thatch covering; a mourning garment. ​

#### 玷$^2$

    A gem that is broken; to stop; to disgrace.

#### 点$^2$點$^2$

    A spot; a dot; a small quantity; to dot; to appoint; to blot out; to light a candle.

#### 笘$^{-3}$

    A bamboo switch.

#### 店$^{3-}$

    A shop; a stand; an inn.
# A Chinese and English vocabulary, in the Tie-chiu dialect/Tie
### Tie.
#### 潮$^{-1}$

    The tide; rising tide; a district in the province of Canton; Tie Chiu.

#### 趙$^{-3}$

    To go and announce to; to return what was borrowed.

#### 着$^{-4}$

    Towards; at; to hit; to take effect; right; exactly.
# A Chinese and English vocabulary, in the Tie-chiu dialect/Tiet
### Tiet.
#### 姪$^{-4}$

    A nephew or niece.

#### 垤$^4$

    High land; a hillock; an ant's hill.

#### 桎$^4$

    Fetters; bonds; to stop; to pierce.

#### 窒$^4$

    To stop or close up; fill; impede.

#### 絰$^4$

    Pieces of white cloth worn in mourning.

#### 耋$^4$

    A person eight years of age. ​

#### 蛭$^4$

    A species of leech.

#### 哲$^4$

    Possessing great knowledge and keen discernment; wise.

#### 帙$^4$

    A cloth cover; a little bag.

#### 瓞$^4$

    A small species of melon; children and grandchildren.

#### 秩$^4$

    Order; series; succession; rank; wisdom; purity.

#### 跌$^4$

    To slip; stumble; fall; to move rapidly; to stamp.

#### 軼$^4$

    To rush forward; spread out; invade; sudden.

#### 迭$^4$

    Alternate; change; reciprocation; for; instead of.

#### 輒$^4$

    The sides of a chariot; suddenly; forthwith; without inquiry.
# A Chinese and English vocabulary, in the Tie-chiu dialect/Tin
### Tin.
#### 塵$^{-1}$

    Dust; sand; effluvia; traces of a person.

#### 籐$^{-1}$

    Rattan; vines; rushes; name of a medicine.

#### 陳$^{-1}$

    To state in order; spread out; arrange; tell.

#### 陣$^3$

    An army; a file; company; ranks; to arrange; tell.

#### 鎭$^{3-}$

    To press down; repress; keep in subjection; keep off any evil influence.
# A Chinese and English vocabulary, in the Tie-chiu dialect/Tia
### Tia.
#### 爹$^1$

    Father.

#### 糴$^{-4}$

    To buy rice; to procure food.

#### 摘$^{-4}$

    To take with the hand; to pluck; pull; to set in order.

#### 謫$^{-4}$

    To reprimand; blame; be angry with; punish.
# A Chinese and English vocabulary, in the Tie-chiu dialect/Tien
### Tien.
#### 顚$^1$

    The vertex; head; forehead; subverted; cast down; insanity.

#### 癲$^1$

    Insanity; frantic; convulsions; fits.

#### 珍$^1$

    Valuable; precious; excellent.

#### 典$^2$

    A standard classical work; cannon; to rule; confer benefits; dictionary.

#### 腆$^2$

    Much; many; abundant; good.

#### 靦$^2$

    A bashful appearance; abashed.

#### 展$^2$

    To unroll; spread out; inspect; sincere; agreeable.

#### 輾$^2$

    To turn round as a wheel.

#### 殿$^{-3}$

    A large hall; fixed; the rear of an army.

#### 簟$^{-3}$

    Mats made of bamboo.

#### 墊$^{-3}$

    To put down; to sink; to pay down money; a cushion.

#### 電$^{-3}$

    Lightning.

#### 奠$^{-3}$

    Fixed; lofty; to discriminate; to present or offer up.

#### 甸$^{-3}$

    Space of 500 li about the court; divisions of land; to cultivate.
# A Chinese and English vocabulary, in the Tie-chiu dialect/Tio
### Tio.
#### 條$^{-1}$

    A small twig; a string; an item; a section; a numeral.

#### 刁$^1$

    Perverse; violent; artful; wicket; restless.

#### 凋$^1$彫$^1$

    Injured; falling off, as leaves of trees; debilitated.

#### 㓮$^1$雕$^1$

    To carve; work or polish stones; embellish; to be cut or fall to pieces.

#### ⿰忄刁$^1$

    Grief; sorrow.

#### 髫$^1$

    The tuft of hair on a child's head; young. ​

#### 貂$^1$鼦$^1$

    An animal of the mus species with fur.

#### 齠$^1$

    A period in which children change their teeth.

#### 召$^{-3}$

    To call with authority; to summon; call.

#### 兆$^{-3}$

    A tortoise shell used in divination; an omen; a mound or grave; a million.

#### 𢎨$^{3-}$吊$^{3-}$

    To mourn for the dead; wounded in the feelings.
# A Chinese and English vocabulary, in the Tie-chiu dialect/Tiap
### Tiap.
#### 喋$^{-4}$

    Loquacity; fluency of speech.

#### 堞$^{-4}$

    A rampart; to fortify with a rampart.

#### 揲$^{-4}$

    To take or grasp hold of; to take up.

#### 楪$^{-4}$

    A window.

#### 牒$^{-4}$

    A register; records; official document.

#### 蝶$^{-4}$

    A butterfly.

#### 諜$^{-4}$

    To excite mutiny or rebellion; to spy; a spy.

#### 蹀$^{-4}$

    To step; tread upon; a short pace.
# A Chinese and English vocabulary, in the Tie-chiu dialect/Tit
### Tit.
#### 直$^{-4}$

    Straight; correct; strict; just; directly.

#### 得$^4$

    Successful; to succeed; to attain; obtain; can.
# A Chinese and English vocabulary, in the Tie-chiu dialect/Tim
### Tim.
#### 徹$^4$

    Penetrable; to penetrate; penetration; perspicacious; passable; to cultivate.

#### 撤$^4$

    To dismiss; reject; send away; remove from office.

#### 轍$^4$

    The rut of a wheel; a track.
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Hasse, Faustina

From volume 1 of the work.
​HASSE, Faustina Bordoni, the wife of the foregoing, was born at Venice, 1700, of a noble family, formerly one of the governing families of the republic. Her first instruction was derived from Gasparini, who helped her to develop a beautiful and flexible voice to the greatest advantage. In 1716 Bordoni made her début in 'Ariodante' by C. F. Pollarolo, achieved at once a reputation as a great singer, and was soon known as the 'New Syren.' In 1719 she sang again at Venice with Cuzzoni and Bernacchi, whose florid style her own resembled. In 1722 she sang at Naples, and at Florence a medal was struck in her honour. She visited Vienna in 1724, and was engaged for the Court Theatre at a salary of 15,000 florins. Here she was found by Handel, who immediately secured her for London, where she made her début May 5, 1726, in his 'Alessandro.' Her salary was fixed at £2000. 'She, in a manner,' says Burney, 'invented a new kind of singing, by running divisions with a neatness and velocity which astonished all who heard her. She had the art of sustaining a note longer, in the opinion of the public, than any other singer, by taking her breath imperceptibly. Her beats and trills were strong and rapid; her intonation perfect; and her professional perfections were enhanced by a beautiful face, a symmetric figure, though of small stature, and a countenance and gesture on the stage, which indicated an entire intelligence of her part.' Apostolo Zeno, in speaking of her departure from Vienna, says—'But, whatever good fortune she meets with, she merits it all by her courteous and polite manners, as well as talents, with which she has enchanted and gained the esteem and affection of the whole Court'.
In London she stayed but two seasons, and then returned to Venice, where she was married to Hasse. In 1731 she went to Dresden, and remained there till 1756. During the war, she and her husband went to Vienna, and resided there until 1775, when they retired to Venice, where they ended their days, she in 1783 at the age of 90 [App. p.669 "83"], and Hasse not long after, at nearly the same age [App. p.669 "in the same year"].
Faustina has seldom been equalled in agility of voice; 'a matchless facility and rapidity in her execution; dexterity in taking breath, exquisite shake, new and brilliant passages of embellishment, and a thousand other qualities contributed to inscribe her name among the first singers in Europe' (Stef. Arteaga). In London she divided the popular favour with Cuzzoni. 'When the admirers of the one began to applaud, those of the other were sure to hiss; on which account operas ceased for some time in London' (Quantz). In a libretto of 'Admeto,' Lady Cowper, the original possessor, has written opposite to Faustina's name, 'she is the devil of a singer.'
[ J. M. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Hatton, John

From volume 1 of the work.
[ W. H. H. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Haslinger

From volume 1 of the work.
​HASLINGER. A well-known music firm in Vienna, originally the 'Bureau des arts et d'industrie,' next S. A. Steiner & Co., and since 1826 Tobias Haslinger. Tobias, born March 1, 1787, at Zell, in Upper Austria, was an energetic intelligent man of business, on intimate terms with the best musicians of Vienna. Beethoven and he were in constant communication, and the numerous letters to him from the great composer, which have been preserved (probably only a small proportion of those which were written), each with its queer joke or nickname, show the footing they were on—Adjutant, or Adjutanterl, or Bestes kleines Kerlchen, or Tobiasserl, or Tobias Peter Philipp, or Monsieur de Haslinger, Général Musicien et Général Lieutenant—such are the various queer modes in which Beethoven addresses him. In a letter to Schott (Nohl, No. 328) he sketches a comic biography of his friend, with illustrative canons. Another canon, 'O Tobias Dominus Haslinger,' occurs in a letter of Sept. 10, 1821; and one of his very last notes contains a flourish on his name, added, with the signature, by the hand of the master:—
[ C. F. P. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Harvard Musical Association, The

From volume 1 of the work.
[ F. H. J. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Harwood, Edward

[ H. Pr. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Hassler, Hans

From volume 1 of the work.
​HASSLER or HASLER, Hans Leonhard, eldest of the 3 sons of Isaac Hassler—a musician of the Joachimsthal who settled in Nuremberg—and the ablest of the three. Of his life little is known. He is said to have been born in 1564: he received his instruction from his father and from A. Gabrieli, with whom he remained in Venice for a year, after which he found a home in the house of the Fuggers at Augsburg. There he composed his famous 'xxiv Canzonetti a 4 ​voci' (Norimberga, 1590) and his 'Cantiones sacræ de festia praecipuis totius anni 4, 5, 8 et plurium vocum'—(Augsburg, 1591) 28 Latin motets. These were followed by his 'Concentus ecclesiastici' (Augsburg, 1596); 'Neue teutsche Gesaeng' (1596); 'Madrigali' (ibid.), and Cantiones novæ' (1597). The statement so often repeated by the Lexicons that Hassler entered the Imperial chapel at Vienna in 1601 is inaccurate, and arises from the fact that a certain Jacob Hasler joined that establishment on July 1, 1602. (See Köchel 'Kais. Hofkapelle,' p. 53.) At a later time Hassler entered the service of Christian II. of Saxony, and died probably on June 5, 1612.
Besides the works already named there exist 8 Masses of his (1599); four-part Psalms and Gesänge (Nuremberg 1607, republished by Breitkopfs in score, 1777); and five collections of German and Latin secular songs. Many single pieces are given in Boclenschatz's 'Florilegium' and in Schadaeus's 'Promptuarium Musicum.' (See Eitner's Bibliographic of his compositions in the 'Monatshefte für Musikgelehrte,' 1871.) Proske (Musica Divina) gives 3 Masses and 7 other pieces of his, and says of his style that 'it unites all the greatest beauty and dignity that can be found in both the Italian and German art of that day.' Rochlitz includes a Pater Noster for 7 voices in his 'Sammlung,' vol. 3. The well-known chorale 'Herzlich thut mich verlangen' or 'Befiehl du deine Wege,' so much used by Bach in the Passion, was originally a love song, 'Mein Gemuth is mir verwirret,' in his 'Lustgarten deutscher Gesänge' (1601).
[ F. G. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Hauck, Minnie

From volume 1 of the work.
[ G. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Hartmann, Ludwig

[ M. ]