# Paradise Lost (1890)/Book 9

PARADISE LOST.
BOOK IX.
THE ARGUMENT.
    Satan having compassed the earth, with meditated guile returns as a midst by night into Paradise, enters unto the Serpent sleeping. Adam and Eve in the morning go forth to their labors, which Eve proposes to divide in several places, each laboring apart; Adam consents not, alleging the danger, lest that enemy, of whom they were forewarned, should attempt her found alone. Eve, loth to be thought not circumspect or firm enough, urges her, going apart, the rather desirous to make trial of her strength; Adam at last yields. The Serpent finds her alone; his subtle approach, first gazing, then speaking, with much flattery extolling Eve above all other creatures. Eve, wondering to hear the Serpent speak, asks how he attained to human speech and such understanding not till now: the Serpent answers, that by tasting of a certain tree in the garden he attained both to speech and reason, till then void of both. Eve requires him to bring her to that tree, and finds it to be the Tree of Knowledge forbidden. The Serpent now grown bolder, with many wiles and arguments induces her at length to eat; she, pleased with the taste, deliberates a while whether to impart thereof to Adam or not, at last brings him of the fruit, relates what persuaded her to eat thereof. Adam at first amazed, but perceiving her lost, resolves through vehemence of love to perish with her; and extenuating the trespass eats also of the fruit. The effects thereof in them both; they seek to cover their nakedness; then fall to variance and accusation of one another.
No more of talk where God or Angel guest With Man, as with his friend, familiar used To sit indulgent, and with him partake Rural repast, permitting him the while Venial discourse unblamed. I now must change Those notes to tragic; foul distrust, and breach Disloyal on the part of Man, revolt And disobedience; on the part of Heaven, Now alienated, distance and distaste, Anger and just rebuke, and judgement given,10 That brought into this world a world of woe, Sin and her shadow Death, and Misery, Death's harbinger: sad task! yet argument Not less but more heroic than the wrath Of stern Achilles, on his foe pursued Thrice fugitive about Troy-wall; or rage Of Turnus for Lavinia disespoused; Or Neptune's ire, or Juno's, that so long Perplexed the Greek, and Cytherea's son;— If answerable style I can obtain20 Of my celestial patroness, who deigns Her nightly visitation, unimplored, And dictates to me slumbering, or inspires Easy my unpremeditated verse, Since first this subject for heroic song Pleased me, long choosing and beginning late, Not sedulous by nature to indite Wars, hitherto the only argument
Heroic deemed, chief mastery to dissect, With long and tedious havoc, fabled knights,30 In battles feigned—the better fortitude Of patience and heroic martyrdom Unsung—or to describe races and games, Or tilting furniture, emblazoned shields, Impresses quaint, caparisons and steeds, Bases and tinsel trappings, gorgeous knights At joust and torneament; then marshalled feast Served up in hall with sewers and seneshals; The skill of artifice or office mean, Not that which justly gives heroic name40 To person or to poem. Me, of these Nor skilled nor studious, higher argument Remains, sufficient of itself to raise That name, unless an age too late, or cold Climate, or years, damp my intended wing, Depressed; and much they may if all be mine, Not hers who brings it nightly to my ear. The sun was sunk, and after him the star Of Hesperus, whose office is to bring Twilight upon the earth, short arbiter50 'Twixt day and night; and now from end to end Night's hemisphere had veiled the horizon round, When Satan, who late fled, before the threats Of Gabriel, out of Eden, now improved In meditated fraud and malice, bent On Man's destruction, maugre what might hap
Of heavier on himself, fearless returned.— By night he fled, and at midnight returned, From compassing the earth; cautious of day, Since Uriel, regent of the sun, descried 60 His entrance, and forewarned the Cherubim That kept their watch. Thence, full of anguish, driven The space of seven continued nights he rode With darkness; thrice the equinoctial line He circled, four times crossed the car of Night From pole to pole, traversing each colure; On the eighth return, and, on the coast averse From entrance or cherubic watch, by stealth Found unsuspected way. There was a place —Now not, though sin, not time, first wrought the change— 70 Where Tigris, at the foot of Paradise, Into a gulf shot underground, till part Rose up a fountain by the Tree of Life. In with the river sunk, and with it rose Satan, involved in rising mist; then sought Where to lie hid. Sea he had searched and land, From Eden over Pontus, and the pool Mæotis, up beyond the river Ob; Downward as far antarctic; and in length West from Orontes to the ocean barred 80 At Dariën, thence to the land where flows Ganges and Indus. Thus the orb he roamed
With narrow search, and, with inspection deep, Considered every creature, which of all Most opportune might serve his wiles, and found The serpent subtlest beast of all the field. Him, after long debate, irresolute Of thoughts revolved, his final sentence chose, Fit vessel, fittest imp of fraud, in whom To enter, and his dark suggestions hide 90 From sharpest sight; for in the wily snake Whatever sleights none would suspicious mark, As from his wit and native subtlety Proceeding, which, in other beasts observed, Doubt might beget of diabolic power, Active within beyond the sense of brute. Thus he resolved, but first from inward grief His bursting passion into plaints thus poured: "O Earth, how like to Heaven, if not preferred More justly, seat worthier of Gods, as built 100 With second thoughts, reforming what was old! For what God, after better, worse would build? Terrestrial Heaven, danced round by other heavens, That shine, yet bear their bright officious lamps, Light above light, for thee alone, as seems, In thee concentring all their precious beams Of sacred influence! As God in Heaven Is centre, yet extends to all, so thou Centring receivest from all those orbs; in thee,
Not in themselves, all their known virtue appears, Productive in herb, plant, and nobler birth 111 Of creatures animate with gradual life Of growth, sense, reason, all summed up in Man. With what delight could I have walked thee round, If I could joy in aught, sweet interchange Of hill and valley, rivers, woods, and plains, Now land, now sea, and shores with forest crowned, Rocks, dens, and caves! but I in none of these Find place or refuge; and the more I see Pleasures about me, so much more I feel 120 Torment within me, as from the hateful siege Of contraries; all good to me becomes Bane, and in Heaven much worse would be my state. But neither here seek I, no, nor in Heaven, To dwell, unless by mastering Heaven's Supreme; Nor hope to be myself less miserable By what I seek, but others to make such As I, though thereby worse to me redound: For only in destroying I find ease To my relentless thoughts; and, him destroyed, 130 Or won to what may work his utter loss, For whom all this was made, all this will soon Follow, as to him linked in weal or woe;
In woe then; that destruction wide may range. To me shall be the glory sole among The infernal Powers, in one day to have marred What he, Almighty styled, six nights and days Continued making, and who knows how long Before had been contriving? though perhaps Not longer than since I in one night freed 140 From servitude inglorious well nigh half The angelic name, and thinner left the throng Of his adorers. He, to be avenged, And to repair his numbers thus impaired, Whether such virtue, spent of old, now failed More Angels to create—if they at least Are his created—or to spoils us more, Determined to advance into our room A creature formed of earth, and him endow, Exalted from so base original, 150 With heavenly spoils, our spoils. What he decreed He effected; Man he made, and for him built Magnificent this World, and Earth his seat; Him lord pronounced, and, O indignity! Subjected to his service Angel-wings, And flaming ministers, to watch and tend Their earthly charge. Of these the vigilance I dread, and to elude, thus wrapt in mist Of midnight-vapor, glide obscure, and pry In every bush and brake, where hap may find 160 The serpent sleeping, in whose mazy folds
To hide me, and the dark intent I bring— O foul descent! that I, who erst contended With Gods to sit the highest, am now constrained Into a beast, and, mixed with bestial slime, This essence to incarnate and imbrute, That to the highth of Deity aspired. But what will not ambition and revenge Descend to? Who aspires must down as low As high he soared, obnoxious first or last 170 To basest things. Revenge, at first though sweet, Bitter ere long back on itself recoils.— Let it; I reck not, so it light well amid, Since higher I fall short, on him who next Provokes my envy, this new favorite Of Heaven, this man of clay, son of despite, Whom, us the more to spite, his Maker raised From dust. Spite then with spite is best repaid." So saying, through each thicket, dank or dry, Like a black mist low-creeping, he held on 180 His midnight search, where soonest he might find The serpent. Him fast sleeping soon he found, In labyrinth of many a round self-rolled, His head the midst, well stored with subtle wiles; Not yet in horrid shade or dismal den, Nor nocent yet; but on the grassy herb, Fearless unfeared, he slept. In at his mouth The Devil entered, and his brutal sense, In heart or head, possessing soon inspired
With act intelligential; but his sleep 190 Disturbed not, waiting close the approach of morn. Now, when as sacred light began to dawn, In Eden, on the humid flowers, that breathed Their morning incense, when all things that breathe, From the Earth's great altar, send up silent praise To the Creator, and his nostrils fill With grateful smell, forth came the human pair, And joined their vocal worship to the quire Of creatures wanting voice; that done, partake The season, prime for sweetest sents and airs. 200 Then commune, how that day they best may ply Their growing work; for much their work outgrew The hands' dispatch of two, gardening so wide, And Eve first to her husband thus began: "Adam, well may we labor still to dress This garden, still to tend plant, herb, and flower, Our pleasant task enjoined; but, till more hands Aid us, the work under our labor grows, Luxurious by restraint; what we by day Lop overgrown, or prune, or prop, or bind, 210 One night or two with wanton growth derides, Tending to wild. Thou therefore now advise, Or hear what to my mind first thoughts present.— Let us divide our labors; thou, where choice Leads thee, or where most needs, whether to wind
The woodbine round this arbor, or direct The clasping ivy where to climb; while I, In yonder spring of roses, intermixed With myrtle, find what to redress till noon; For, while so near each other thus all day 220 Our task we choose, what wonder if so near Looks intervene and smiles, or object new Casual discourse draw on! which intermits Our day's work, brought to little, though begun Early, and the hour of supper comes unearned." To whom mild answer Adam thus returned: "Sole Eve, associate sole, to me beyond Compare above all living creatures dear! Well hast thou motioned, well thy thoughts employed, How we might best fulfill the work which here 230 God hath assigned us, nor of me shalt pass Unpraised; for nothing lovelier can be found In woman, than to study household good, And good works in her husband to promote. Yet not so strictly hath our Lord imposed Labor, as to debar us when we need Refreshment, whether food, or talk between, Food of the mind, or this sweet intercourse Of looks and smiles; for smiles from reason flow, To brute denied, and are of love the food, 240 Love not the lowest end of human life;
For not to irksome toil, but to delight, He made us, and delight to reason joined. These paths and bowers doubt not but our joint hands Will keep from wilderness with ease, as wide As we need walk, till younger hands ere long Assist us. But, if much converse perhaps Thee satiate, to short absence I could yield; For solitude sometimes is best society, And short retirement urges sweet return. 250 But other doubt possesses me, lest harm Befall thee severed from me; for thou knowest What hath been warned us, what malicious foe Envying our happiness, and of his own Despairing, seeks to work us woe and shame By sly assault; and somewhere near at hand Watches, no doubt, with greedy hope to find, His wish and best advantage, us asunder; Hopeless to circumvent us joined, where each To other speedy aid might lend at need. 260 Whether his first design be to withdraw Our feälty from God, or to disturb Conjugal love, than which perhaps no bliss Enjoyed by us excites his envy more;— Or this, or worse, leave not the faithful side That gave thee being, still shades thee and protects. The wife, where danger or dishonor lurks,
Safest and seemliest by her husband stays, Who guards her, or with her the worst endures." To whom the virgin-majesty of Eve, 270 As one who loves, and some unkindness meets, With sweet austere composure thus replied: "Offspring of Heaven and Earth, and all Earth's lord! That such an enemy we have, who seeks Our ruin, both by thee informed I learn, And from the parting Angel overheard, As in a shady nook I stood behind, Just then returned at shut of evening flowers. But that thou shouldst my firmness therefore doubt To God or thee, because we have a foe 280 May tempt it, I expected not to hear. His violence thou fearest not, being such As we, not capable of death or pain, Can either not receive, or can repel. His fraud is then thy fear, which plain infers Thy equal fear that my firm faith and love Can by his fraud be shaken or seduced; Thoughts, which how found they harbor in thy breast? Adam! misthought of her to thee so dear!" To whom with healing words Adam replied: 290 "Daughter of God and Man, immortal Eve! —For such thou art, from sin and blame entire— Not diffident of thee do I dissuade
Thy absence from my sight, but to avoid The attempt itself, intended by our foe. For he who tempts, though in vain, at least asperses The tempted with dishonor foul, supposed Not incorruptible of faith, not proof Against temptation. Thou thyself with scorn And anger wouldst resent the offered wrong, 300 Though ineffectual found; misdeem not then, If such affront I labor to avert From thee alone, which on us both at once The Enemy, though bold, will hardly dare, Or daring, first on me the assault shall light. Nor thou his malice and false guile contemn; Subtle he needs must be, who could seduce Angel; nor think superfluous others' aid. I from the influence of thy looks receive Access in every virtue, in thy sight 310 More wise, more watchful, stronger, if need were Of outward strength; while shame, thou looking on, Shame to be overcome or overreached, Would utmost vigor raise, and raised unite. Why shouldst not thou like sense within thee feel Whem I am present, and thy trial choose With me, best witness of thy virtue tried?" So spake domestic Adam in his care And matrimonial love; but Eve, who thought Less attributed to her faith sincere, 320
Thus her reply with accent sweet renewed: "If this be our condition, thus to dwell In narrow circuit straitened by a foe, Subtle or violent, we not endued Single with like defence, wherever met, How are we happy, still in fear of harm? But harm precedes not sin. Only our foe Tempting affronts us with his foul esteem Of our integrity: his foul esteem Sticks no dishonor on our front, but turns 330 Foul on himself; then wherefore shunned or feared By us? who rather double honor gain From his surmise proved false, find peace within, Favor from Heaven, our witness, from the event. And what is faith, love, virtue unassayed Alone, without exterior help sustained? Let us not then suspect our happy state Left so imperfect by the Maker wise, As not secure to single or combined. Frail is our happiness, if this be so, 340 And Eden were no Eden thus exposed." To whom thus Adam fervently replied: "O Woman, best are all things as the will Of God ordained them; his creating hand Nothing imperfect or deficient left Of all that he created, much less Man, Or aught that might this happy state secure, Secure from outward force; within himself
The danger lies, yet lies within his power: Against his will he can receive no harm. 350 But God left free the will, for what obeys Reason is free; and reason he made right, But bid her well beware, and still erect, Lest, by some fair-appearing good surprised, She dictate false, and misinform the will To do what God expressly hath forbid. Not then mistrust, but tender love, enjoins That I should mind thee oft, and mind thou me. Firm we subsist, yet possible to swerve, Since reason not impossibly may meet 360 Some specious object by the foe suborned, And fall into deception unaware, Not keeping strictest watch, as she was warned. Seek not temptation then, which to avoid Were better, and most likely it from me Thou sever not; trial will come unsought. Wouldst thou approve thy constancy, approve First thy obedience; the other who can know, Not seeing thee attempted? who attest? But if thou think trial unsought may find 370 Us both securer than thus warned thou seemest, Go; for thy stay, not free, absents thee more. Go in thy native innocence, rely On what thou hast of virtue, summon all; For God toward thee hath done his part; do thine."
So spake the patriarch of mankind, but Eve Persisted; yet submiss, though last, replied: "With thy permission then, and thus forewarned, Chiefly by what thy own last reasoning words Touched only, that our trial, when lest sought, 380 May find us both perhaps far less prepared, The willinger I go, nor much expect A foe so proud will first the weaker seek; So bent, the more shall shame him his repulse." Thus saying, from her husband's hand her hand Soft she withdrew, and, like a wood-nymph light, Oread or Dryad, or of Delia's train, Betook her to the groves; but Delia's self In gait surpassed, and goddess-like deport, Though not as she with bow and quiver armed, 390 But with such gardening-tools as yet art rude, Guiltless of fire, had formed, or Angels brought To Pales, or Pomona, thus adorned, Likest she seemed—Pomona when she fled Vertumnus—or to Ceres in her prime, Yet virgin of Proserpina from Jove. Her long with ardent look his eye pursued, Delighted, but desiring more her stay. Oft he to her his charge of quick return Repeated; she to him as oft engaged 400 To be returned by noon amid the bower, And all things in best order to invite Noontide repast, or afternoon's repose.
O much deceived, much failing, hapless Eve, Of thy presumed return! event perverse! Thou never from that hour in Paradise Roundest either sweet repast, or sound repose; Such ambush, hid among sweetflowers and shades, Waited, with hellish rancour imminent, To intercept thy way, or send thee back 410 Despoiled of innocence, of faith, of bliss. For now, and since first break of dawn, the Fiend, Mere serpent in appearance, forth was come; And on his quest where likeliest he might find The only two of mankind, but in them The whole included race, his purposed prey. In bower and field he sought, where any tuft Of grove or garden-plot more pleasant lay, Their tendance or plantation for delight; By fountain or by shady rivulet 420 He sought them both, but wished his hap might find Eve separate; he wished, but not with hope Of what so seldom chanced, when to his wis Beyond his hope, Eve separate he spies, Veiled in a cloud of fragrance, where she stood, Half-spied, so thick the roses bushing round About her glowed, oft stooping to support Each flower of slender stalk, whose head, though gay Carnation, purple, azure, or specked with gold,
Hung drooping unsustained; them she upstays 430 Gently with myrtle band, mindless the while Herself, though fairest unsupported flower, From her best prop so far, and storm so nigh Nearer he drew, and many a walk traversed Of stateliest covert, cedar, pine, or palm; Then voluble and bold, now hid, now seen Among thick-woven arborets, and flowers Imbordered on each bank, the hand of Eve: Spot more delicious than those gardens feigned Or of revived Adonis, or renowned 440 Alcinoüs, host of old Laertes' son, Or that, not mystic, where the sapient king Held dalliance with his fair Egyptian spouse: Much he the place admired, the person more. As one, who long in populous city pent, Where houses thick and sewers annoy the air, Forth issuing on a summer's morn, to breathe Among the pleasant villages and farms Adjoined, from each thing met conceives delight, The smell of grain, or tedded grass, or kine, 450 Or dairy, each rural sight, each rural sound; If chance with nymphlike step fair virgin pass, What pleasing seemed for her now pleases more, She most, and in her look sums all delight: Such pleasure took the Serpent to behold This flowery plat, the sweet recess of Eve,
Thus early, thus alone. Her heavenly form Angelic, but more soft and feminine, Her graceful innocence, her every air Of gesture or least action overawed 460 His malice, and with rapine sweet bereaved His fierceness of the fierce intent it brought. That space the Evil-one abstracted stood From his own evil, and for the time remained Stupidly good, of enmity disarmed, Of guile, of hate, of envy, of revenge. But the hot hell that always in him burns, Though in mid-Heaven, soon ended his delight, And tortures him now more, the more he sees Of pleasure not for him ordained. Then soon 470 Fierce hate he recollects, and all his thoughts Of mischief, gratulating, thus excites: "Thoughts, whither have ye led me? with what sweet Compulsion thus transported to forget What hither brought us? hate, not love, nor hope Of Paradise for Hell, hope here to taste Of pleasure, but all pleasure to destroy, Save what is in destroying; other joy To me is lost. Then let me not let pass Occasion which now smiles. Behold alone 480 The woman, opportune to all attempts, Her husband, for I view far round, not nigh, Whose higher intellectual more I shun,
And strength, of courage haughty, and of limb Heroic built, though of terrestrial mould Foe not informidable, exempt from wound, I not; so much hath Hell debased, and pain Enfeebled me, to what I was in Heaven. She fair, divinely fair, fit love for Gods, Not terrible, though terror be in love, 490 And beauty, not approached by stronger hate, Hate stronger under shew of love well feigned, The way which to her ruin now I tend." So spake the Enemy of Mankind, enclosed In serpent, inmate bad, and toward Eve Addressed his way; not with indented wave, Prone on the ground, as since, but on his rear, Circular base of rising folds, that towered Fold above fold, a surging maze, his head Crested aloft, and carbuncle his eyes, 500 With burnished neck of verdant gold, erect Amidst his circling spires, that on the grass Floated redundant. Pleasing was his shape And lovely, never since of serpent-kind Lovelier; not those that in Illyria changed Hermionè and Cadmus, or the god In Epidaurus; nor to which transformed Ammonian Jove, or Capitoline, was seen, He with Olympias, this with her who bore Scipio, the highth of Rome. With tract oblique At first, as one who sought access but feared 511
To interrupt, sidelong he works his way. As when a ship by skilful steersman wrought, Nigh river's mouth or foreland, where the wind Veers oft, as oft so steers, and shifts her sail: So varied he, and of his tortuous train Curled many a wanton wreath, in sight of Eve To lure her eye. She, busied, heard the sound Of rustling leaves, but minded not, as used To such disport before her through the field, 520 From every beast, more duteous at her call, Than at Circean call the herd disguised. He, bolder now, uncalled before her stood, But as in gaze admiring: oft he bowed His turret-crest and sleek enamelled neck, Fawning, and licked the ground whereon she trod. His gentle dumb expression turned at length The eye of Eve to mark his play; he, glad Of her attention gained, with serpent-tongue Organic, or impulse of vocal air, 530 His fraudulent temptation thus began: "Wonder not, sovran mistress—if perhaps Thou canst, who art sole wonder—much less arm Thy looks, the heaven of mildness, with disdain, Displeased that I approach thee thus, and gaze Insatiate, I thus single, nor have feared Thy awful brow, more awful thus retired. Fairest resemblance of thy Maker fair! Thee all things living gaze on, all things thine
By gift, and thy celestial beauty adore, 540 With ravishment beheld, there best beheld Where universally admired. But here, In this enclosure wild, these beasts among, Beholders rude, and shallow to discern Half what in thee is fair, one man except Who sees thee?—and what is one?—who shouldst be seen A Goddess among Gods, adored and served By Angels numberless, thy daily train." So glozed the Tempter, and his proem tuned: Into the heart of Eve his words made way, 550 Though at the voice much marvelling; at length, Not unamazed, she thus in answer spake: "What may this mean? language of Man pronounced By tongue of brute, and human sense expressed! The first at least of these I thought denied To beasts, whom God on their creation-day, Created mute to all articulate sound; The latter I demur, for in their looks Much reason, and in their actions, oft appears. Thee, Serpent, subtlest beast of all the field 560 I knew, but not with human voice endued. Redouble then this miracle, and say, How camest thou speakable of mute, and how To me so friendly grown above the rest Of brutal kind, that daily are in sight;
Say, for such wonder claims attention due." To whom the guileful, Tempter thus replied: "Empress of this fair world, resplendent Eve! Easy to me it is to tell thee all What thou commandest, and right thou shouldst be obeyed. 570 I was at first, as other beasts that graze The trodden herb, of abject thoughts and low, As was my food; nor aught but food discerned Or sex, and apprehended nothing high: Till on a day, roving the field, I chanced A goodly tree far distant to behold, Loaden with fruit of fairest colors mixed, Ruddy and gold. I nearer drew to gaze; When from the boughs a savory odor blown, Grateful to appetite, more pleased my sense 580 Than smell of sweetest fennel, or the teats Of ewe or goat, dropping with milk at even, Unsucked of lamb or kid, that tend their play. To satisfy the sharp desire I had Of tasting those fair apples I resolved Not to defer; hunger and thirst at once, Powerful persuaders, quickened at the sent Of that alluring fruit, urged me so keen. About the mossy trunk I wound me soon; For, high from ground, the branches would require Thy utmost reach or Adam's: round the tree 591 All other beasts that saw, with like desire
Longing and envying, stood, but could not reach. Amid the tree now got, where plenty hung Tempting so nigh, to pluck and eat my fill I spared not, for such pleasure till that hour At feed or fountain never had I found. Sated at length, ere long I might perceive Strange alteration in me, to degree Of reason in my inward powers, and speech 600 Wanted not long, though to this shape retained. Thenceforth to speculations high or deep I turned my thoughts, and with capacious mind Considered all things visible in heaven, Or earth, or middle, all things fair and good. But all that fair and good in thy divine Semblance, and in thy beauty's heavenly ray, United I beheld; no fair to thine Equivalent or second! which compelled Me thus, though importune perhaps, to come 610 And gaze, and worship thee of right declared Sovran of creatures, universal Dame!" So talked the spirited sly Snake, and Eve, Yet more amazed, unwary thus replied: "Serpent, thy overpraising leaves in doubt The virtue of that fruit, in thee first proved. But say, where grows the tree? from hence how far? For many are the trees of God that grow In Paradise, and various, yet unknown
To us, in such abundance lies our choice, 620 As leaves a greater store of fruit untouched, Still hanging incorruptible, till men Grow up to their provision, and mere hands Help to disburden Nature of her birth." To whom the wily Adder, blithe and glad: "Empress, the way is ready, and not long; Beyond a row of myrtles, on a flat, Fast by a fountain, one small thicket past Of blowing myrrh and balm. If thou accept My conduct, I can bring thee thither soon." 630 "Lead then," said Eve. He leading swiftly rolled In tangles, and made intricate seem straight, To mischief swift: hope elevates, and joy Brightens his crest. As when a wandering fire, Compact of unctuous vapor, which the night Condenses, and the cold environs round, Kindled through agitation to a flame —Which oft, they say, some evil spirit attends— Hovering and blazing with delusive light, 639 Misleads the amazed night-wanderer from his way, To bogs and mires, and oft through pond or pool; There swallowed up and lost, from succour far: So glistered the dire Snake, and into fraud Led Eve, our credulous mother, to the tree Of prohibition, root of all our woe;
Which when she saw, thus to her guide she spake: "Serpent, we might have spared our coming hither, Fruitless to me, though fruit be here to excess, The credit of whose virtue rest with thee; Wondrous indeed, if cause of such effects. 650 But of this tree we may not taste nor touch; God so commanded, and left that command Sole daughter of his voice: the rest, we live Law to ourselves; our reason is our law." To whom the Tempter guilefully replied: "Indeed! Hath God then said that of the fruit Of all these garden-trees ye shall not eat, Yet lords declared of all in earth or air?" To whom thus Eve, yet sinless:—"Of the fruit Of each tree in the garden we may eat; 660 But of the fruit of this fair tree, amidst The garden, God hath said, 'Ye shall not eat Thereof, nor shall ye touch it, lest ye die.'" She scarce had said, though brief, when now more bold The Tempter, but with shew of zeal and love To Man, and indignation at his wrong, New part puts on; and, as to passion moved, Fluctuates disturbed, yet comely, and in act Raised, as of some great matter to begin. As when of old some orator renowned, 670
In Athens or free Rome, where eloquence Flourished, since mute, to some great cause addressed, Stood in himself collected; while each part, Motion, each act, won audience ere the tongue; Sometimes in highth began, as no delay Of preface brooking, through his zeal of right: So standing, moving, or to highth up-grown, The Tempter, all impassioned, thus began: "O sacred, wise, and wisdom-giving plant, Mother of science! now I feel thy power 680 Within me clear, not only to discern Things in their causes, but to trace the ways Of highest agents, deemed however wise. Queen of this Universe! do not believe Those rigid threats of death. Ye shall not die. How should you? by the fruit? it gives you life To knowledge; by the threatener? look on me, Me who have touched and tasted, yet both live, And life more perfect have attained than Fate Meant me, by venturing higher than my lot. 690 Shall that be shut to Man, which to the beast Is open? or will God incense his ire For such a petty trepass? and not praise Rather your dauntless virtue? whom the pain Of death denounced—whatever thing death be Deterred not from achieving what might lead To happier life, knowledge of good and evil;
Of good, how just? of evil . . . if what is evil Be real, why not known, since easier shunned? God therefore cannot hurt ye, and be just; 700 Not just, not God; not feared then, nor obeyed: Your fear itself of death removes the fear. Why then was this forbid? Why, but to awe? Why, but to keep ye low and ignorant, His worshipers? He knows that, in the day Ye eat thereof, your eyes, that seem so clear, Yet are but dim, shall perfectly be then Opened and cleared, and ye shall be as Gods, Knowing both good and evil, as they know. That ye shall be as Gods, since I as Man, 710 Internal Man, is but proportion meet; I, of brute, human; ye, of human, Gods. So ye shall die perhaps, by putting off Human, to put on Gods; death to be wished, Though threatened, which no worse than this can bring. And what are Gods, that Man may not become As they, participating godlike food? The Gods are first, and that advantage use On our belief, that all from them proceeds. I question it; for this fair earth I see, 720 Warmed by the sun, producing every kind, Them nothing. If they all things, who enclosed Knowledge of good and evil in this tree, That whoso eats thereof forthwith attains
Wisdom without their leave? and wherein lies The offence, that Man should thus attain to know? What can your knowledge hurt him, or this tree Impart against his will, if all be his? Or is it envy? and can envy dwell In heavenly breasts?—These, these, and many more 730 Causes import your need of this fair fruit Goddess humane, reach then, and freely taste!" He ended, and his words, replete with guile, Into her heart too easy entrance won. Fixed on the fruit she gazed, which to behold Might tempt alone, and in her ears the sound Yet rung of his persuasive words, impregned With reason, to her seeming, and with truth. Meanwhile the hour of noon drew on, and waked An eager appetite, raised by the smell 740 So savory of that fruit, which with desire, Inclinable now grown to touch or taste, Solicited her longing eye; yet, first Pausing awhile, thus to herself she mused: "Great are thy virtues, doubtless, best of fruits, Though kept from Man, and worthy to be admired; Whose taste, too long forborne, at first assay Gave elocution to the mute, and taught The tongue not made for speech to speak thy praise.
Thy praise he also who forbids thy use 750 Conceals not from us, naming thee the Tree Of Knowledge, knowledge both of good and evil; Forbids us then to taste, but his forbidding Commends thee more, while it infers the good By thee communicated, and our want; For good unknown sure is not had; or had, And yet unknown, is as not had at all. In plain then, what forbids he but to know? Forbids us good, forbids us to be wise. Such prohibitions bind not. But if death 760 Bind us with after-band, what profits then Our inward freedom? In the day we eat Of this fair fruit, our doom is, we shall die. How dies the Serpent? He hath eaten and lives, And knows, and speaks, and reasons, and discerns, Irrational till then. For us alone Was death invented? or to us denied This intellectual food, for beasts reserved? For beasts it seems; yet that one beast, which first Hath tasted, envies not, but brings with joy 770 The good befallen him, author unsuspect, Friendly to man, far from deceit or guile, What fear I then? rather, what know to fear Under this ignorance of good and evil, Of God or death, of law or penalty? Here grows the cure of all, this fruit divine,
Fair to the eye, inviting to the taste, Of virtue to make wise. What hinders then To reach, and feed at once both body and mind?" So saying, her rash hand in evil hour 780 Forth reaching to the fruit, she plucked, she eat. Earth felt the wound, and Nature from her seat, Sighing through all her works, gave signs of woe, That all was lost. Back to the thicket slunk The guilty Serpent; and well might, for Eve, Intent now wholly on her taste, nought else Regarded; such delight till then, as seemed, In fruit she never tasted; whether true Or fancied so, through expectation high Of knowledge; nor was Godhead from her thought. Greedily she ingorged without restraint, 791 And knew not eating death. Satiate at length, And hightened as with wine, jocund and boon, Thus to herself she pleasingly began: "O sovran, virtuous, precious of all trees In Paradise! of operation blest To sapience, hitherto obscured, infamed, And thy fair fruit let hang, as to no end Created! but henceforth my early care, Not without song, each morning, and due praise, 800 Shall tend thee, and the fertile burden ease Of thy full branches, offered free to all;
Till, dieted by thee, I grow mature In knowledge, as the Gods, who all things know. Though others envy what they cannot give . . . . For had the gift been theirs, it had not here Thus grown. Experience, next, to thee I owe, Best guide; not following thee, I had remained In ignorance; thou openest Wisdom's way, And givest access, though secret she retire. 810 And I perhaps am secret. Heaven is high, High, and remote to see from thence distinct Each thing on Earth; and other care perhaps May have diverted from continual watch Our great Forbidder, safe with all his spies About him. But to Adam in what sort Shall I appear? shall I to him make known As yet my change, and give him to partake Full happiness with me, or rather not, But keep the odds of knowledge in my power, 820 Without copartner? so to add what wants In female sex, the more to draw his love, And render me more equal, and perhaps, A thing not undesirable, sometime Superior; for inferior who is free? This may be well.—But what if God have seen, And death ensue? then I shall be no more, And Adam, wedded to another Eve, Shall live with her enjoying, I extinct; A death to think! Confirmed then I resolve, 830
Adam shall share with me in bliss or woe. So dear I love him, that with him all deaths I could endure, without him live no life." So saying, from the tree her step she turned; But first low reverence done, as to the Power That dwelt within, whose presence had infused Into the plant sciential sap, derived From nectar, drink of Gods. Adam the while, Waiting desirous her return, had wove Of choicest flowers a garland, to adorn 840 Her tresses, and her rural labors crown, As reapers oft are wont their harvest-queen. Great joy he promised to his thoughts, and new Solace in her return, so long delayed: Yet oft his heart, divine of something ill, Misgave him; he the faltering measure felt, And forth to meet her went, the way she took That morn when they first parted. By the Tree Of Knowledge he must pass, there he her met, Scarce from the tree returning; in her hand 850 A bough of fairest fruit, that downy smiled, New gathered, and ambrosial smell diffused. To him she hasted; in her face Excuse Came prologue, and apology to prompt, Which, with bland words at will, she thus addressed: "Hast thou not wondered Adam, at my stay? Thee I have missed, and thought it long, deprived
Thy presence; agony of love till now Not felt, nor shall be twice; for never more Mean I to try, what rash untried I sought, 860 The pain of absence from thy sight. But strange Hath been the cause, and wonderful to hear. This tree is not, as we are told, a tree Of danger tasted, nor to evil unknown Opening the way, but of divine effect To open eyes, and make them Gods who taste; And hath been tasted such. The Serpent wise, Or not restrained as we, or not obeying, Hath eaten of the fruit, and is become, Not dead, as we are threatened, but thenceforth 870 Endued with human voice and human sense, Reasoning to admiration, and with me Persuasively hath so prevailed, that I Have also tasted, and have also found The effects to correspond; opener mine eyes, Dim erst, dilated spirits, ampler heart, And growing up to Godhead; which for thee Chiefly I sought, without thee can despise: For bliss, as thou hast part, to me is bliss; Tedious, unshared with thee, and odious soon. 880 Thou therefore also taste, that equal lot May join us, equal joy, as equal love; Lest, thou not tasting, different degree Disjoin us, and I then too late renounce
Deity for thee, when Fate will not permit." Thus Eve with countenance blithe her story told; But in her cheek distemper flushing glowed. On the other side, Adam, soon as he heard The fatal trespass done by Eve, amazed, Astonied stood and blank, while horror chill 890 Ran through his veins, and all his joints relaxed. From his slack hand the garland wreathed for Eve Down dropped, and all the faded roses shed. Speechless he stood and pale, till thus at length First to himself he inward silence broke: "O fairest of creation, last and best Of all God's works, creature in whom excelled Whatever can to sight or thought be formed, Holy, divine, good, amiable, or sweet! How art thou lost! how on a sudden lost, 900 Defaced, deflowered, and now to death devote! Rather, how hast thou yielded to transgress The strict forbiddance, how to violate The sacred fruit forbidden! Some cursed fraud Of enemy had beguiled thee, yet unknown, And me with thee hath ruined; for with thee Certain my resolution is to die. How can I live without thee! how forgo Thy sweet converse, and love so dearly joined To live again in these wild woods forlorn! 910 Should God create another Eve, and I Another rib afford, yet loss of thee
Would never from my heart. No no! I feel The link of nature draw me: flesh of flesh, Bone of my bone thou art, and from thy state Mine never shall be parted, bliss or woe." So having said, as one from sad dismay Recomforted, and, after thoughts disturbed, Submitting to what seemed remediless, Thus in calm mood his words to Eve he turned: 920 "Bold deed thou hast presumed, adventurous Eve, And peril great provoked, who thus hast dared.— Had it been only coveting to eye That sacred fruit, sacred to abstinence, Much more to taste it under ban to touch . . . But past who can recall, or done undo? Not God omnipotent, nor Fate. Yet so Perhaps thou shalt not die, perhaps the fact Is not so heinous now, foretasted fruit, Profaned first by the Serpent, by him first 930 Made common and unhallowed, ere our taste, Nor yet on him found deadly; yet he lives; Lives, as thou saidst, and gains to live, as Man, Higher degree of life; inducement strong To us, as likely tasting to attain Proportional ascent; which cannot be But to be Gods, or Angels, demi-gods. Nor can I think that God, Creator wise, Though threatening, will in earnest so destroy
Us his prime creatures, dignified so high, 940 Set over all his works, which, in our fall, For us created, needs with us must fail, Dependent made; so God shall uncreate, Be frustrate, do, undo, and labor lose; Not well conceived of God, who, though his power Creation could repeat, yet would be loth Us to abolish, lest the Adversary Triumph and say: 'Fickle their state whom God Most favors; who can please him long? Me first He ruined, now mankind; whom will he next?' 950 Matter of scorn, not to be given the Foe.— However I with thee have fixed my lot, Certain to undergo like doom; if death Consort with thee, death is to me as life: So forcible within my heart I feel The bond of Nature draw me to my own; My own in thee, for what thou art is mine. Our state cannot be severed; we are one, One flesh; to lose thee were to lose myself." So Adam, and thus Eve to him replied: 960 "O glorious trial of exceeding love, Illustrious evidence, example high! Engaging me to emulate; but, short Of thy perfection, how shall I attain? Adam! from whose dear side I boast me sprung And gladly of our union hear thee speak, One heart, one soul in both; whereof good proof
This day affords, declaring thee resolved, Rather than death, or aught than death more dread, Shall separate us, linked in love so dear, 970 To undergo with me one guilt, one crime, If any be, of tasting this fair fruit; Whose virtue—for of good still good proceeds Direct, or by occasion—hath presented This happy trial of thy love, which else So eminently never had been known. Were it I thought death menaced would ensue This my attempt, I would sustain alone The worst, and not pursuade thee, rather die Deserted, than oblige thee with a fact 980 Pernicious to thy peace; chiefly assured Remarkably so late of thy so true, So faithful, love unequaled; but I feel Far otherwise the event; not death, but life Augmented, opened eyes, new hopes, new joys, Taste so divine, that what of sweet before Hath touched my sense flat seems to this, and harsh. On my experience, Adam, freely taste, And fear of death deliver to the winds." So saying, she embraced him, and for joy 990 Tenderly wept; much won, that he his love Had so ennobled, as of choice to incur Divine displeasure for her sake, or death. In recompense—for such compliance bad
Such recompense best merits—from the bough She gave him of that fair enticing fruit With liberal hand. He scrupled not to eat, Against his better knowledge; not deceived, But fondly overcome with female charm. Earth trembled from her entrails, as again 1000 In pangs, and Nature gave a second groan; Sky loured, and, muttering thunder, some sad drops Wept at completing of the mortal sin Original; while Adam took no thought, Eating his fill, nor Eve to iterate Her former trespass feared, the more to soothe Him with her loved society; that now, As with new wine intoxicated both, They swim in mirth, and fancy that they feel Divinity within them breeding wings, 1010 Wherewith to scorn the earth. But that false fruit Far other operation first displayed, Carnal desire inflaming; he on Eve Began to cast lascivious eyes; she him As wantonly repaid; in lust they burn, Till Adam thus 'gan Eve to dalliance move: "Eve, now I see thou are exact of taste And elegant, of sapience no small part; Since to each meaning savor we apply, And palate call judicious. I the praise 1020 Yield thee, so well this day thou hast purveyed.
Much pleasure we have lost, while we abstained From this delightful fruit, nor known till now True relish, tasting. If such pleasure be In things to us forbidden, it might be wished For this one tree had been forbidden ten. But come, so well refreshed, now let us play, As meet is, after such delicious fare; For never did thy beauty, since the day, I saw thee first and wedded thee, adorned 1030 With all perfections, so inflame my sense With ardor to enjoy thee, fairer now Than ever, bounty of this virtuous tree!" So said he, and forbore not glance or toy Of amorous intent, well understood Of Eve, whose eye darted contagious fire. Her hand he seized, and to a shady bank, Thick overhead with verdant roof imbowered, He led her nothing loth; flowers were the couch, Pansies and violets, and asphodel, 1040 And hyacinth, earth's freshest softest lap. There they their fill of love and love's disport Took largely, of their mutual guilt the seal, The solace of their sin; till dewy sleep Oppressed them, wearied with their amorous play. Soon as the force of that fallacious fruit, That with exhilarating vapor bland About their spirits had played, and inmost powers Made err, was now exhaled, and grosser sleep,
Bred of unkindly fumes, with conscious dreams 1050 Incumbered, now had left them, up they rose As from unrest, and, each the other viewing, Soon found their eyes how opened, and their minds How darkened. Innocence, that as a veil Had shadowed them from knowing ill, was gone; Just confidence, and native righteousness, And honor, from about them, naked left To guilty Shame; he covered, but his robe Uncovered more. So rose the Danite strong, Herculean Samson from the harlot-lap 1060 Of Philistean Dalilah, and waked Shorn of his strength; they destitute and bare Of all their virtue. Silent, and in face Confounded, long they sat, as strucken mute; Till Adam, though not less than Eve abashed, At length gave utterance to these words constrained: "O Eve, in evil hour thou didst give ear To that false worm, of whomsoever taught To counterfeit Man's voice, true in our fall, False in our promised rising; since our eyes 1070 Opened we find indeed, and find we know Both good and evil, good lost, and evil got; Bad fruit of knowledge, if this be to know, Which leaves us naked thus, of honor void,
Of innocence, of faith, of purity, Our wonted ornaments now soiled and stained, And in our faces evident the signs Of foul concupiscence; whence evil store, Even shame, the last of evils; of the first Be sure then. How shall I behold the face 1080 Henceforth of God or Angel, erst with joy And rapture so oft beheld? Those heavenly shapes Will dazzle now this earthly with their blaze Insufferably bright. Oh, might I here In solitude live savage, in some glade Obscured, where highest woods, impenetrable To star or sun-light, spread their umbrage broad, And brown as evening! Cover me, ye pines! Ye cedars, with innumerable boughs Hide me, where I may never see them more!— 1090 But let us now, as in bad plight, devise What best may for the present serve to hide The parts of each from other, that seem most To shame obnoxious, and unseemliest seen; Some tree, whose broad smooth leaves together sewed, And girded on our loins, may cover round Those middle parts, that this new-comer, Shame, There sit not, and reproach us as unclean." So counselled he, and both together went Into the thickest wood; there soon they chose 1100 The fig-tree; not that kind for fruit renowned,
But such as at this day, to Indians known, In Malabar or Decan spreads her arms Branching so broad and long, that in the ground The bended twigs take root, and daughters grow About the mother-tree, a pillared shade, High overarched, and echoing walks between: There oft the Indian herdsman, shunning heat Shelters in cool, and tends his pasturing herds, At loopholes cut through thickest shade. Those leaves They gathered, broad as Amazonian targe; 1111 And, with what skill they had, together sewed, To gird their waist; vain covering, if to hide Their guilt and dreaded shame! Oh how unlike To that first naked glory! Such of late Columbus found the American, so girt With feathered cincture, naked else and wild, Among the trees on isles and woody shores. Thus fenced, and, as they thought, their shame in part Covered, but not at rest or ease of mind, 1120 They sat them down to weep; nor only tears Rained at their eyes, but high winds worse within Began to rise, high passions, anger, hate, Mistrust, suspicion, discord, and shook sore Their inward state of mind, calm region once And full of peace, now tost and turbulent: For Understanding ruled not, and the Will
Heard not her lore, both in subjection now To sensual Appetite, who from beneath Usurping over sovran Reason claimed 1130 Superior sway. From thus distempered breast, Adam, estranged in look and altered style, Speech intermitted thus to Eve renewed: "Would thou hadst hearkened to my words, and stayed With me, as I besought thee, when that strange Desire of wandering, this unhappy morn, I know not whence possessed thee; we had then Remained still happy; not, as now, despoiled Of all our good, shamed, naked, miserable! Let none henceforth seek needless cause to approve The faith they owe; when earnestly they seek 1141 Such proof, conclude they then begin to fail." To whom, soon moved with touch of blame, thus Eve: "What words have passed thy lips, Adam severe? Imputest thou that to my default, or will Of wandering, as thou callest it, which who knows But might as ill have happened thou being by, Or to thyself perhaps? Hadst thou been there, Or here the attempt, thou couldst not have discerned Fraud in the Serpent, speaking as he spake; 1150 No ground of enmity between us known,
Why he should mean me ill, or seek to harm. Was I to have never parted from thy side? As good have grown there still a lifeless rib. Being as I am, why didst not thou, the head, Command me absolutely not to go? Going into such danger, as then saidst. Too facile then, thou didst not much gainsay, Say, didst permit, approve, and fair dismiss. Hadst thou been firm and fixed in thy dissent, 1160 Neither had I transgressed, nor thou with me." To whom, then first incensed, Adam replied: "Is this the love? is this the recompense Of mine to thee, in grateful Eve, expressed Immutable when thou wert lost, not I? Who might have lived, and joyed immortal bliss, Yet willingly chose rather death with thee. And am I now upbraided as the cause Of thy transgressing? not enough severe, It seems, in thy restraint. What could I more? 1170 I warned thee, I admonished thee, foretold The danger, and the lurking enemy That lay in wait; beyond this had been force, And force upon free will hath here no place. But confidence then bore thee on, secure Hither to meet no danger, or to find Matter of glorious trial; and perhaps I also erred, in overmuch admiring What seemed in thee so perfect, that I thought
No evil durst attempt thee; but I rue 1180 That error now, which is become my crime, Aud thou the accuser. Thus it shall befall Him who, to worth in women overtrusting, Lets her will rule; restraint she will not brook, And, left to herself, if evil thence ensue, She first his weak indulgence will accuse." Thus they in mutual accusation spent The fruitless hours, but neither self-condemning And of their vain contest appeared no end.
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
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