OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Budden, John

​BUDDEN, JOHN (1566–1620), professor of civil law at Oxford, the son of John Budden of Canford, Dorsetshire, was born there in 1566, entered Merton College, Oxford, in Michaelmas 1582, was admitted a scholar of Trinity College, Oxford, on 30 May 1583, and proceeded B.A. on 29 Oct. 1586, M.A. on 27 June 1589, and B.C.L. and D.C.L. on 8 July 1602. At the request of Thomas Allen, the mathematician, he migrated to Gloucester Hall about 1587, and devoted himself to civil law. Before 1602 he became philosophy reader at Magdalen College, held ​ the office of principal of New Inn Hall from 1609 to 1618, and was king's professor of civil law, and principal of Broadgates Hall (afterwards Pembroke College). ‘He was a person,’ says Wood, ‘of great eloquence, an excellent rhetorician, philosopher, and a most noted civilian.’ He died at Broadgates Hall on 11 June 1620, and was buried in the neighbouring church of St. Aldate's. He was the author of Latin lives of Bishop Waynfleet (or William Patten), Oxon. 1602, and of Archbishop Morton, London, 1607. The former was published by William Bates, and was republished in the volume entitled ‘Vitæ selectorum aliquot virorum,’ London, 1681. Budden also translated into Latin Bodley's ‘Statutes of the Public Library’ and Sir Thomas Smith's ‘Commonwealth of England’ (1610, other editions in 1625 and 1630), and into English (from the French of Pierre Ayrault) ‘A Discourse for Parents' Honour and Authority over their Children,’ London, 1614, dedicated to Toby Matthew, archbishop of York.
S. L. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Budd, Richard

​BUDD, RICHARD (1746–1821), physician, was born in 1746 at Newbury, Berkshire, where his father was a banker. He entered at Jesus College, Oxford (where his great-great-grandfather, Richard Budd, had founded a scholarship in 1630); and was admitted M.B. in 1770, and M.D. in 1775. After practising for some years at Newbury he removed to London in 1780, where he was in the same year elected physician to St. Bartholomew's Hospital, an office which he held until his retirement in 1801. Having become a fellow of the Royal College of Physicians in 1777, he attained considerable official status therein, being six times censor between 1780 and 1798, Gulstonian lecturer and Harveian orator in 1781, treasurer from March 1799 to April 1814, and elect from December 1797 to July 1818. He did not exert himself greatly in private practice, having married the only child of a wealthy merchant named Stabler. He is described as a man of strong will, impetuosity, and positiveness, and of great social influence. He died at Battersea Rise 2 Sept. 1821, and was buried at Speen, near Newbury. One of his sons, the Rev. Henry Budd [q. v.], became well known as the chaplain of Bridewell and a leading evangelical clergyman. The chaplaincy was secured by his father's indefatigable canvassing. Another son was the Rev. Richard Budd, B.D., rector of Ruan Lanihorne, Cornwall.
[Munk's Coll. of Phys. 1878, ii. 311; Memoir of Rev. Henry Budd, 1855.]
G. T. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Buddle, Adam

​BUDDLE, ADAM (d. 1715), botanist, was born at Deeping St. James, Lincolnshire, and educated at St. Catharine's Hall, Cambridge, taking the degree of B.A. in 1681, and that of M.A. in 1685. He does not seem to have taken up the study of British botany, with which his name is chiefly connected, until a later date; he is mentioned by Petiver, writing in 1687, as well versed in mosses. He was at one time (1689 or 1690) a nonjuror, but subsequently complied. In 1696–8 he was living at Henley in Suffolk (where his two children were baptised), and corresponded with Doody and Petiver, to whom he sent his collections of grasses and mosses, then the best in the kingdom; these were afterwards transmitted to Tournefort. In 1699 he paid a visit to Ray. In 1703 he was presented to the living of North Fambridge, Essex, and he was also reader at Gray's Inn. In 1708 Buddle wrote an entirely new and complete English Flora, which will be found in the Sloane MSS. (2970–2980); his herbarium, also in the British Museum, occupies vols. cxiv–cxxv. of the Sloane collections. From these two works we are able to form a very high estimate of the accuracy, diligence, and knowledge of their author. It is to be regretted that the Flora was never printed, although Petiver, who had access to it, frequently made use of the information it contains. Dawson Turner's note (Richardson's Correspondence, p. 151), that ‘justice was not done him by those of his immediate successors who more particularly benefited by his labours,’ seems fully justified. Dillenius had the use of the herbarium for his edition (the 3rd) of Ray's ‘Synopsis.’ There is a letter of Buddle's published in the Richardson correspondence, pp. 87–9; several exist in the Sloane MSS. He died at Gray's Inn on 15 April 1715, and was buried at St. Andrew's, Holborn.
J. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Murphy, Francis Stack

​MURPHY, FRANCIS STACK (1810?–1860), serjeant-at-law, born in Cork about 1810, was son of Jeremiah Murphy, a rich merchant, whose brother John was catholic bishop of Cork from 1815 to 1847. He was educated at Clongoweswood College, co. Kildare, and was one of the pupils of Francis Sylvester Mahony [q. v.], 'Father Prout.' Proceeding to Trinity College, Dublin, he graduated B.A. in 1829 and M.A. in 1832. He studied law in London, and in 1833 was called to the English bar. In 1834 he became connected with 'Fraser's Magazine' as an occasional contributor, assisting 'Father Prout' in his famous 'Reliques.' He was an excellent classical scholar, and was responsible for some of Mahony's Greek and Latin verses (see Bates, Maclise Portrait Gallery, 1883, pp. 464, 466-7). Mahony introduces him in his 'Prout Papers' as 'Frank Cresswell of Furnival's Inn.' In 1837 Murphy became M.P. for co. Cork, and retained the seat for sixteen years. On 25 Feb. 1842 he was made serjeant-at-law, and resigned his place in parliament in September 1853, when appointed one of the commissioners of bankruptcy in Dublin. He died on 17 June 1860. His portrait figures in Maclise's well-known group of 'The Fraserians.' He was a clever lawyer, and was noted for his wit; many of his repartees are recorded in Duffy's 'League of North and South' (1886, pp. 211, 227) and in Serjeant Robinson's 'Bench and Bar' (1891). Only one work bears his name on the title-page, 'Reports of Cases argued and determined in the Court of Exchequer, 1836-1837,' which was written in conjunction with Edwin T. Hurlstone, 8vo, London, 1838.
A first cousin, Jeremiah Daniel Murphy (1806–1824), born at Cork in 1806, developed as a boy rare linguistic faculties, mastering Greek, Latin, French, Portuguese, Spanish. German, and Irish. He contributed to 'Blackwood's Magazine' some excellent Latin verse: 'Adventus Regis' (December 1821), and an English poem, 'The Rising of the North' (November 1822). He died of disease of heart on 5 Jan. 1824, and his precocity was commemorated in English and Latin verse in 'Blackwood's' next month (cf. Bates, Maclise Gallery, pp. 41, 489).
[Annual Register, 1860; Gent. Mag. 1860 authorities cited in text.]
D. J. O'D.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Murphy, Patrick

​MURPHY, PATRICK (1782–1847), weather prophet, was born in 1782. His name was very prominent in 1838 as the author of 'The Weather Almanack (on Scientific Principles, showing the State of the Weather for every Day of the Year 1838). By P. Murphy, Esq., M.N.S.,' i.e. member of no society. Under the date of 20 Jan. he said, 'Fair, prob. lowest deg. of winter temp.' By a happy chance this proved to be a remarkably cold day, the thermometer at sunrise standing at four degrees below zero. This circumstance raised his celebrity to a great height as a weather prophet, and the shop of his publishers, Messrs. Whittaker & Co., was besieged with customers, while the winter of 1837-8 became known as Murphy's winter. The 1838 almanac ran to forty-five editions, and the prophet made 3,000l., which he almost immediately lost in an unsuccessful speculation in corn. There was nothing very remarkable about the prediction, as the coldest day generally falls about 20 Jan. In the predictions throughout the year the forecasts were partly right on 168 days and decidedly wrong on 197 days. A popular song of the day, a parody on 'Lesbia has a beaming eye,' commenced 'Murphy has a weather eye.' The almanack was afterwards occasionally published, but its sale very much fell off after the 'nine days' wonder' was past, and ultimately it had a very limited ​ circulation. Murphy, however, persevered in his pursuit, and was about bringing out an almanac for 1848, when he died at his lodgings, 108 Dorset Street, St. Bride's, London, on 1 Dec. 1847, aged 65.
His other works were: 1. ‘An Inquiry into the Nature and Cause of Miasmata, more particularly illustrated in the former and present state of the Campagna di Roma,’ 1825. 2. ‘Rudiments of the Primary Forces of Gravity, Magnetism, and Electricity in their Agency on the Heavenly Bodies,’ 1830. 3. ‘The Anatomy of the Seasons, Weather Guide Book, and Perpetual Companion to the Almanack,’ 1834. 4. ‘Meteorology considered in its connection with Astronomy, Climate, and the Geological Distribution of Animals and Plants, equally as with the Seasons and Changes of the Weather,’ 1836. 5. ‘Observation on the Laws and Cosmical Dispositions of Nature in the Solar System. With two Papers on Meteorology and Climate,’ 1843. The two papers were written for meetings of the Society of Scienziati Italiani at Padua, of which Murphy was elected a member. 6. ‘Weather Tables for the Year 1845,’ 1844. 7. ‘Astronomical Aphorisms or Theory of Nature, founded on the Immutable Basis of Meteoric Action,’ 1847, 2nd edit. 1847.
[Times, 7 Dec. 1847, p. 8; Illustr. London News, 11 Dec. 1847, p. 383; Gent. Mag. April 1848, p. 443; Chambers's Book of Days, 1864, i. 137; Notes and Queries, 1886, 7th ser. i. 70, 117; Fraser's Mag. 1838, xvii. 378–84.]
G. C. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Murphy, Robert

​MURPHY, ROBERT (1806–1843), mathematician, born in 1806, was the third of the seven children of a shoemaker, parish clerk of Mallow, co. Cork. When eleven years of age he was run over by a cart, and for twelve months he lay on his bed with a fractured thigh-bone. During this confinement he studied Euclid and algebra, and before attaining the age of thirteen was an extraordinarily efficient mathematician. Subsequently he continued his studies in a classical school kept by Mr. Hopley at Mallow. At the age of eighteen he published a remarkable ‘Refutation of a Pamphlet written by the Rev. John Mackey, R[oman] C[atholic] P[riest], entitled “A Method of making a Cube double of a Cube, founded on the principles of elementary geometry,” wherein his principles are proved erroneous, and the required solution not yet obtained,’ Mallow, 1824, 12mo.
His friends raised a subscription to send him to the university, and he began his residence in Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, in October 1825. In 1829 he graduated B.A. and came out third wrangler. In May 1829 he was elected a fellow of his college, and shortly afterwards he was admitted to deacon's orders in the church of England. In May 1831 he was appointed dean of his college—an office which involved the regulation of chapel discipline. Unfortunately he fell into dissipated habits, and in December 1832 he left Cambridge, with his fellowship under sequestration for the benefit of his creditors. After living for some time among his friends in Ireland, he came to London in 1836 to begin life again as a teacher and writer; and in October 1838 he was appointed examiner in mathematics and natural philosophy in the university of London. He died on 12 March 1843.
His friend, Augustus De Morgan [q.v.] , remarks that ‘he had a true genius for mathematical invention;’ and that ‘his works on the theory of equations and on electricity, and his papers in the “Cambridge Transactions,” are all of high genius.’
To the ‘Cambridge Philosophical Transactions’ his contributions were: vol. iii. pt. iii., ‘General Properties of Definite Integrals;’ vol. iv. pt. i., ‘On the Resolution of Algebraic Equations;’ pt. iii. ‘On the Inverse Method of Definite Integrals, with Physical Applications,’ with two further memoirs on the same (v., ii. and iii.); vol. v. pt. i., ‘On Elimination between an Indefinite Number of Unknown Quantities;’ vol. vi. pt. i., ‘On the Resolution of Equations in Finite Differences.’
To the ‘Philosophical Transactions’ he contributed: 1837, pt. i., ‘Analysis of the Roots of Equations;’ pt. i., ‘First Memoir on the Theory of Analytical Operations.’ His separate works are: 1. ‘Elementary Principles of Electricity, Heat, and Molecular Actions, part i. On Electricity,’ Cambridge, 1833, 8vo. 2. ‘Theory of Algebraical Equations,’ in ‘Library of Useful Knowledge,’ London, 1839, 8vo; reprinted 1847.
[Athenæum, 6 Aug. 1864, p. 181; De Morgan's Budget of Paradoxes, p. 214; Gent. Mag. May 1843, p. 545; Penny Cycl. 1st Suppl. p. 337 (by Augustus De Morgan); Cat. of Library of Trin. Coll. Dublin.]
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Murphy, Michael

​MURPHY, MICHAEL (1767?–1798), Irish rebel, the son of a peasant, was born at Kilnew, co. Wexford, about 1767. Having acquired some learning at a hedge-school at Oulart, he was ordained a priest at Whitsuntide 1785, and sent to complete his education at the Irish College at Bordeaux. On his return to Ireland he was appointed officiating priest of the parish of Ballycanew in the diocese of Ferns. He is described by an unexceptionable witness (Taylor, Hist. of the Rebellion, p. 17) as a man of exemplary life, and much esteemed by persons of all persuasions. In 1798 he was still a young man, strongly built, and of a dark complexion. When the government early in that year began to take extraordinary measures for the preservation of the peace of the county, Murphy displayed great zeal in inducing his parishioners to surrender their arms and to take the oath of allegiance. On the outbreak of the rebellion he was reluctantly compelled to take up arms for his own safety (Hay, Hist. of the Insurrection, p. 88). He joined the rebels at Oulart under Father John Murphy [q. v.], whose fortunes he shared till his death at the battle of Arklow on 9 June 1798. He greatly distinguished himself by his intrepid conduct on that occasion. He was shot while leading the attack on the barricade, and his death greatly discomfited his followers, whose ardour he had inflamed by the belief that he was invulnerable. His head was struck off and his body burnt by the order of Lord Mountnorris.
[The Rev. George Taylor's Hist. of the Rebellion in the County of Wexford; Sir R. Musgrave's Memoirs of the different Rebellions in Ireland; Miles Byrne's Memoirs; E. Hay's Hist. of the Insurrection in the county of Wexford, A.D. 1798; Froude's English in Ireland; Lecky's England in the Eighteenth Century.]
R. D.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Murphy, John (fl.1780-1820)

​MURPHY, JOHN (fl. 1780–1820), engraver, was born in Ireland about 1748, and came to London, where he practised as an engraver, chiefly in mezzotint. His plates are not numerous, but some of them are singularly brilliant and masterly in treatment. He engraved historical subjects after contemporary English painters and the old masters, and also portraits. Murphy's plates include: ‘A Tyger,’ after Northcote; ‘A Tigress,’ after G. Stubbs; ‘Jael and Sisera,’ after Northcote; ‘Mark Antony's Oration,’ after West; ‘George III and his Family,’ after T. Stothard; ‘Portrait of the Duke of Portland,’ after Reynolds; two subjects from the history of Joseph, after Guercino; ‘Titian's Son and Nurse,’ after Titian; ‘Christ appearing to the Magdalen,’ after P. da Cortona; ‘Sacrifice of Abraham,’ after Rembrandt; and ‘The Cyclops at their Forge,’ after L. Giordano. The last four were done for Boydell's ‘Houghton Gallery.’ Murphy was also a portrait draughtsman. Several of his plates are from his own designs, and a portrait of Arthur O'Leary [q. v.], drawn by him, has been engraved by G. Keating. The latest date on Murphy's prints is 1809, but, according to a list of living artists published in 1820, he was then residing in Howland Street, Fitzroy Square.
[Redgrave's Dict. of Artists; J. Chaloner Smith's British Mezzotinto Portraits; Huber and Rost's Manuel des Curieux et des Amateurs de l'Art, 1804; Annals of the Fine Arts, iv. 665.]
F. M. O'D.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/O'Sullivan, Donall

​O'SULLIVAN or O'SULLIVAN BEARE, DONALL (1560–1618), chief of the sept of his name in the district of Beare, co. Cork, engaged actively in the hostile movements in Ireland against the government of England in the last years of Queen Elizabeth. O'Sullivan in 1601 avowed his devotion to Philip III of Spain, and received a Spanish garrison in his castle at Dunboy. Siege operations against this stronghold, the custody of which was resumed from the Spaniards by O'Sullivan, were carried on with overwhelming force by Sir George Carew, resident of Munster,in June 1602. Carew's historiographer observed that 'so obstinate and resolute a defence had not been seen within this kingdom.' Details of the siege and capture of Dunboy Castle are given in the publication styled 'Pacata Hibernia,' and in the Latin history of Ireland by O'Sullivan's nephew, Philip O'Sullivan [q. v.], now being translated by the author of the present notice. After the demolition of Dunboy in June 1602 O'Sullivan, with his followers and soldiers, made a stand for a time in Glengariff. Thence he proceeded over the river Shannon to Ulster, where, after numerous conflicts, he arrived with only thirty-five survivors of the thousand persons with whom he had set out.
Failing to obtain a government pardon on the accession of James I, O'Sullivan went with his wife and children to Spain. There he was well received by Philip III, who conferred on him the knighthood of the order of St. Iago, a pension, and the title of Earl of Bearehaven. O'Sullivan, described as tall and handsome in person, was killed in 1618, at Madrid, by John Bathe, an Anglo-Irish refugee. A letter addressed by O'Sullivan in February 1601-2 to the governor of Galicia has been reproduced in 'Facsimiles of National Manuscripts of Ireland,' pt. iv. 2, plate xxxiii.
[State Papers, Ireland; Carew Calendar; Annals of the Four Masters; Historiæ Catholicæ Iberniæ Compendium, 1621; Stafford's Pacata Hibernia, London, 1633.]
J. T. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/O'Sullivan, John

​O'SULLIVAN (Sir) JOHN (fl. 1747), colonel in the French service, came of the O'Sullivans of Munster, and was born in co. Kerry about 1700. The family being catholics, their estates were in the hands of protestant trustees. At the age of nine O'Sullivan was sent abroad to be educated for the catholic priesthood. He spent six years in Paris, and then went to Rome. On the sudden death of his father, O'Sullivan returned to Ireland; but, disliking the conditions under which Irish catholics were compelled to live by the penal laws, he sold his interest in the family property and emigrated to France. He obtained the post of tutor to the son of Marshal Maillebois. On Maillebois's recommendation he then entered the French army. In 1739 he attended Maillebois as secretary in an expedition to Corsica. During the first four years of the Austrian succession war he took part in the French campaigns in Italy and on the Rhine. In 1745 he was appointed adjutant-general ​to the young pretender, then preparing for the invasion of England. He landed with him at Lochnanuagh on 5 Aug. 1745, and through the whole campaign he remained his chief adviser in both civil and military matters. O'Sullivan commanded with Cameron of Lochiel the nine hundred highlanders who captured Edinburgh on 16 Sept. 1745 (Lockhart, Memoirs, ii. 488). He was present at Prestonpans, and, in his capacity as adjutant and quartermaster-general, drew up the rebel army in line of battle at Culloden. O'Sullivan escaped back to France on 1 Oct. 1746. In 1747 he was knighted by the pretender for his services. The date of his death is unknown. He married a Miss FitzGerald, and left a son.
Thomas Herbert O'Sullivan (d. 1824), son of the above, who entered the Irish brigade, was appointed to accompany the privateer Paul Jones in his expedition against the Irish coast in 1779. O'Sullivan quarrelled with his fellow-commander and fled to America, where he entered the British army under Sir Henry Clinton at New York. He left the British army, probably at the end of the American war of independence, 1783, and entered the service of Holland. He died a major in the Dutch service at the Hague in 1824. His son, John O'Sullivan, employed in the American consular service, died in 1825.
[O'Callaghan's Irish Brigades; Webb's Compendium of Irish Biography.]
G. P. M-y.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/O'Sullivan, Philip

​O'SULLIVAN or O'SULLIVAN-BEARE, PHILIP (1590?–1660?), historian, born about 1590, son of Dermot O'Sullivan and nephew of Donall O'Sullivan-Beare [q. v.], lord of Dunboy, was in 1602, while still a lad, sent by his uncle to Spain, where, after the fall of Dunboy, he was joined by his father and his family. He was educated at Compostella, became a soldier, and served on board the Spanish ships of war. In 1619 he was in the squadron appointed to guard the treasure-fleet on its approach to Cape St. Vincent from the Barbary pirates, who were also on the look-out for it, and wrote an interesting account of the service to his old tutor (Compendium, edit. 1621, ff. 270–9). His military life was, however, not very noteworthy: his predilection was for literature, and to that he principally devoted himself. His most important work was the 'Historiæ Catholicæ Iberniæ Compendium' (Lisbon, 4to, 1621), an octavo edition of which, edited by Matthew Kelly [q. v.], was published at Dublin in 1860. The most valuable part of it is the history of the Elizabethan wars, the story of which he received orally from his father and his father's companions; it has the merits and defects incidental to a work so written — the vigour, the bitter partisanship, the inability to understand more than the personal issue, the inaccuracy of detail, and the confusion of dates. His other works, all in Latin, are 'Patriciana Decas,' a life of St. Patrick (1629); and a violent and abusive criticism of Archbishop Usher, under the title of Archicornigeromastix, sive Jacobi Usheri Heresiarchæ Confutatio.' He wrote also many lives of saints, which were not published, and in 1634 sent Bolland some contributions to his colossal undertaking. This is the last that is definitely known of him, though Webb has identified him with the ​Earl of Bearhaven who died at Madrid in 1659 or 1660, leaving one daughter, a girl of twelve, and a fortune of a hundred thousand crowns.
[Little is known of his life beyond what is to be gleaned from his own writings, and especially the Compendium; Kelly's preface to the edit, of 1850 contains most of this. M'Gee's Irish Writers of the Seventeenth Century; Webb's Compendium of Irish Biography.]
J. K. L.