OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Holland, Cornelius

​HOLLAND, CORNELIUS (fl. 1649), regicide, is said by Noble to have been a native of Colchester, and there is good reason to believe that he was a son of Ralph Holland, who settled in the parish of St. Laurence Pountney, London. Cornelius Holland, born 3 March 1599, entered Merchant Taylors' School in January 1609–10. He matriculated at Pembroke Hall, Cambridge (as ‘gentleman’), in 1614, and graduated B.A. in 1618. The register of St. Laurence Pountney records the baptism (17 Feb. 1627–8) of ‘James, son of Mr. Cornelius Holland, gent., and Sybell.’ Soon after this date Holland was in the service of Sir Henry Vane, but in 1635 was clerk-comptroller in the household of the Prince of Wales. He had also an office under the board of green cloth, and amassed a considerable fortune, but ‘when the court wanted assistance he deserted it, refusing to contribute to the expenses of the Scotch war in 1639’ (Noble). In 1640 (22 Oct.) he was elected M.P. for New Windsor, and again in December of the same year, the previous election having been declared void. He took no prominent part in the debates of the Long parliament, and seems to have acted generally under the guidance of his old master, Vane. In 1643 he signed the solemn league and covenant, and three years later was chosen one of the commissioners for settling the treaty of peace with Scotland. He became a member of the council of state in 1649, and had, it is said (Clarendon Papers), the chief hand in drawing up the charges against the king, but he was not present when the sentence was pronounced, nor does his name appear upon the warrant for execution. His services to the parliament were rewarded by grants of land both in England and in the Bermudas, while lucrative offices, including the keepership of Richmond Park, were bestowed upon him. Noble says that he had ten children, and gave one of them (possibly Elizabeth, wife of John Shelton of West Bromwich) a marriage portion of 5,000l. At the Restoration he was excepted absolutely, both as to life and estate, from the Bill of Indemnity, but managed to escape to Holland, and join, it is said, his fellow-exiles at Lausanne, where he ended his days. The date has not been traced.
[Robinson's Reg. of Merchant Taylors' School, i. 63; Wilson's Parish of St. Laurence Pountney, p. 132; Noble's Regicides; Cal. State Papers, Dom. Ser. 1641; Heraldic Visitation of Staff.; Tighe and Davis's Annals of Windsor, vol. ii.]
C. J. R.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Holl, Francis (1815-1884)

​HOLL, FRANCIS (1815–1884), engraver, fourth son of William Holl the elder [q. v.], the engraver, by his wife Mary Ravenscroft, was born 23 March 1815 at Bayham Street, Camden Town. Francis learned his profession wholly from his father, and soon achieved marked success as a line engraver. He was engaged for twenty-five years in engraving pictures belonging to the queen, and he illustrated the ‘Life of the Prince Consort’ by Sir Theodore Martin. He was celebrated for his beautiful engravings of chalk drawings, and engraved many of Mr. George Richmond's portraits. His principal works were: ‘The Stocking Loom,’ by A. Elmore, R.A., ‘The Coming of Age in the Olden Time,’ and ‘The Railway Station,’ by Mr. W. P. Frith, R.A. He exhibited seventeen engravings in the Royal Academy between 1856 and 1879, and was elected an associate of the Academy in January 1883.
Holl was an admirable amateur actor, and belonged to a company called ‘The Histrionics,’ who played at the St. James's Theatre. His part of Mungo in the ‘Padlock,’ played in 1842, was a very marked success. He often played comic characters for the benefit of the Artists' General Benevolent Fund, in company with George Cruikshank, F. W. Topham, Mr. John Tenniel, and others. He sang well, and was an excellent player on the violoncello. He lived for many years at 30 Gloucester Road, Regent's Park, and retired about 1879 to Elm House, Milford, Surrey. He died of peritonitis on 14 Jan. 1884, and was buried at Highgate cemetery on the 19th.
On 23 Sept. 1841 he married Alicia Margaret, daughter of Robert Dixon, a naval officer, who was wounded at the battle of Trafalgar. By her Holl had two sons and two daughters. His eldest son, Francis Montague, usually called Frank Holl, the painter, is separately noticed.
Holl's portrait was twice taken by his son Frank Holl. The first, a chalk drawing, was exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1868, and the second, an oil painting, in 1884, and again in the winter exhibition, 1889. It is the property of his widow.
[Private information; Royal Academy Books and Catalogues; Times, 17 and 18 Jan. 1883, also 17 and 19 Jan. 1884; playbills of the Histrionics, 5 Aug. and 19 Oct. 1842; prints at the British Museum.]
G. A-n.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Primrose, James (d.1641)

​PRIMROSE, JAMES (d. 1641), clerk of the privy council of Scotland, was the second son of Archibald Primrose of Culross and of Burnbrae, Perthshire, by Margaret Bleau of Castlehill, Perthshire. He belonged to a family of officials specially connected with the revenue department during the seventeenth century. His father, Archibald, a writer—i.e. a conveyancer or law agent—was employed in the comptroller's office under Sir James Hay, and at Hay's death in 1610 was entrusted with the collection of the arrears of taxation made in 1606, and received special leave of access to the meetings of the privy council and exchequer. His ability was shown by several pieces of special business entrusted to him—the collection of information as to the highlands and the monopoly of the publication of ‘God and the King,’ a catechism teaching high prerogative which James VI attempted through the privy council to disseminate in every household of Scotland.
James practised as a ‘writer’ or solicitor in Edinburgh. Probably he is the James Primrose who on 4 Nov. 1586 is mentioned as procurator for the city of Perth (Reg. P. C. Scotl. iv. 116). After acting for some time as ‘servant’ or assistant to John Andro, clerk of the privy council, he, on Andro's retirement, 1 Feb. 1598–9, was appointed clerk for life (ib. v. 521). On 13 June 1616 he obtained a monopoly of the printing and selling of the book ‘God and the King,’ the use of which was then made imperative in the schools and universities throughout Scotland (ib. x. 535). He died in 1641. By his first wife, Sibylla Miller, he had a son Gilbert, and six daughters, of whom Alison became the second wife of George Heriot [q. v.], jeweller to James VI. By his second wife, Catharine, daughter of Richard Lawson of Boghall, he had six daughters and six sons, of whom Archibald, afterwards Sir Archibald Primrose, lord Carrington [q. v.], succeeded him as clerk to the privy council.
T. F. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Primrose, Archibald (1661-1723)

​PRIMROSE, ARCHIBALD, of Dalmeny, first Earl of Rosebery (1661–1723), only son of Sir Archibald Primrose, lord Carrington [q. v.], lord-justice-general, by his second wife, Agnes, daughter of Sir William Gray of Pittendrum, and widow of Sir James Dundas, was born on 18 Dec. 1661. In his early manhood he travelled abroad, and served in the imperial army of Hungary. Being opposed to the policy of James II in Scotland, he was on 26 June 1688 summoned before the privy council on the charge of leasing-making and sowing discord among the officers of state; but, through the intervention of the Duke of Berwick, the process against him was countermanded. After the Revolution he was appointed one of the gentlemen of the bedchamber to Prince George of Denmark, on whose death in 1708 the salary of 600l. a year attached to the office was continued to him for life. In 1695 he was chosen to represent the county of Edinburgh in the Scottish parliament, and, on account of his steady and zealous support of the government, he was by patent, dated at Kensington 1 April 1700, created Viscount Rosebery, lord Primrose and Dalmeny, to him and heirs male of his body, which failing, to the heirs female of his body, which also failing, to the heirs of entail of his lands. On the accession of Queen Anne he was sworn a privy councillor, and created Earl of Rosebery, Viscount of Inverkeithing, and Lord Dalmeny and Primrose in the Scottish peerage, by patent 10 April 1703, to him and heirs male of his body, which failing, to heirs female. He was one of the commissioners for the union with England, and after its accomplishment was chosen a Scottish representative peer in 1707, 1708, 1710, and 1713. He died on 20 Oct. 1723. By his wife Dorothea, only child and heiress of Everingham Cressy of Birkin, Yorkshire—representative of the ancient families of Cressy, Everingham, Birkin, &c.—he had six sons and six daughters. He was succeeded in the peerage by his eldest son James, who, on the death in 1741 of his kinsman Hugh, viscount Primrose, inherited the family estate and baronetage of the elder branch of the Primrose family [see Primrose, Sir Archibald].
T. F. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Priestman, John

​PRIESTMAN, JOHN (1805–1866), quaker, son of Joshua and Hannah Priestman, was born at Thornton, near Pickering, Yorkshire, where his ancestors—sturdy yeomen and quakers—had been settled for more than two hundred years. He was educated at the Friends' school, Ackworth, Yorkshire, and apprenticed to an uncle, a tanner at York, but at nineteen joined his brother-in-law, James Ellis, in the Old Corn Mill, Bradford. Together they founded the first ragged school in Bradford, in a room at the top of one of their mills. The teacher's salary was privately defrayed by them.
Priestman was one of the founders in 1832 of the Friends' Provident Institution, a society whose conspicuous success was due to economic management and the temperate habits of the members, and he remained on the board of directors until his death. In early life Priestman became a free-trader, and entered warmly into the anti-corn law agitation. He represented Bradford at many of the conferences called by the league, and used all his influence to keep alive the agitation in the north of England.
Priestman and his partner, Ellis, actively resisted the collection of church-rates. For refusal to pay the rate for 1835 they were summoned before the magistrates, and pleaded with such cogency the illegality of the impost that the rate was not levied again in their parish. Chiefly from a desire to utilise the ​waste power of machinery in his mills, Priestman, in 1838, commenced manufacturing worsted goods in an upper room. Discovering that the weaver's shuttle generated wealth more easily than the millstone, he removed to larger premises in 1845, and in 1855 he abandoned corn-milling altogether. His treatment of the mill hands, chiefly women and girls, was sympathetic and enlightened, and their tone grew so refined that his works obtained the title of ‘Lady Mills.’ He introduced with success a system of profit-sharing among the superior workpeople.
Much of his time and means was also devoted to the causes of peace and temperance. From 1834, when the Preston ‘teetotallers’ first visited Bradford, he adopted total abstinence. At the same time he and his partner relinquished malt-crushing, the most profitable part of their milling business. He was one of the few supporters of Cobden in his condemnation of the Crimean war (1854), and seconded the unpopular resolution proposed by him at a great meeting at Leeds in that year. Sternly adhering to quaker principles through life, he died at Whetley Hill, Bradford, on 29 Oct. 1866, aged 61, and was buried on 2 Nov. in the Undercliffe cemetery, Bradford. Eleven hundred of his workpeople attended the funeral.
Priestman married, first, on 28 Nov. 1833, Sarah, daughter of Joseph Burgess of Beaumont Lodge, Leicester, who died in 1849, leaving two sons, Edward and Frederick, and a daughter, who married Joseph Edmondson of Halifax. Secondly, he married, in 1852, Mary, daughter of Thomas Smith, miller, of Uxbridge, Middlesex, by whom he left two sons, Arnold, a landscape artist, and Walter.
C. F. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Prime, John

​PRIME, JOHN (1550–1596), divine, son of Robert Prime, a butcher of Oxford, was born in the parish of Holywell (Wood, i. 652). He was admitted a scholar of Winchester in 1564, being then fourteen years old (Kirby, Winchester Scholars, p. 139), was elected scholar to New College, Oxford, in 1568–9, and was fellow of that house from 1570 to 1591. He graduated B.A. on 15 Dec. 1572, M.A. on 20 Oct. (or 29th) 1576, B.D. on 22 June 1584, and D.D. on 9 July 1588. On 12 Dec. 1581 he supplicated for license to preach, and eight years later became rector of Adderbury, Oxfordshire. He was held in much repute as a preacher, but died young at Adderbury on 12 April 1596.
Besides some volumes of sermons, Prime published: 1. ‘A short Treatise of Sacraments generally, and in speciall of Baptism and of the Supper,’ 1582, 8vo, London. 2. ‘Treatise of Nature and Grace, in two books, with Answers to the Enemies of Grace upon incident Occasions, offered by the late Jesuits' Notes on the New Testament,’ London, 1583, 8vo (cf. Strype, Annals, iii. ii. 157).
W. A. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Primrose, Archibald John

1904 Errata appended.
​PRIMROSE, ARCHIBALD JOHN, fourth Earl of Rosebery (1783–1868), eldest son of Neil, third earl of Rosebery, by his second wife, Mary, only daughter of Sir Francis Vincent of Stoke d'Abernon, Surrey, was born at Dalmeny Castle, Linlithgowshire, on 14 Oct. 1783. He was educated at Pembroke College, Cambridge, where he gra​duated M.A. in 1804. He sat in parliament for the burgh of Helston in 1805–6, and for Cashel in 1806–7. On the death of his father, 25 Jan. 1814, he succeeded to the earldom, and for several parliaments he was chosen a representative peer, until 1828, when on 17 Jan. he was created a peer of the United Kingdom by the title Baron Rosebery of Rosebery, Midlothian. He took an active interest as a liberal in the passing of the Reform Bill of 1832. In 1831 he was sworn a member of the privy council, and in 1840 was made a knight of the order of the Thistle. From 1843 to 1863 he was lord lieutenant of Linlithgowshire. He was a fellow of the Royal Society, and a member of other learned institutions. In 1819 he received the honorary degree of D.C.L. from the university of Cambridge. He died in Piccadilly on 4 March 1868. By his first wife, Harriet, second daughter of the Hon. Bartholomew Bouverie (afterwards Earl of Radnor), he had two sons and a daughter. The marriage was dissolved in 1815, and he married as second wife Anne Margaret Anson, eldest daughter of Thomas, first viscount Anson (afterwards Earl of Lichfield), by whom he had two sons. His eldest son by the first marriage, Archibald, lord Dalmeny, born in 1809, represented the Stirling burghs in parliament from 1833 to 1847, and from April 1835 to August 1841 was a lord of the admiralty. He was the author of ‘An Address to the Middle Classes on the Subject of Gymnastic Exercises,’ London, 1848. He died on 23 Jan. 1851, leaving by his wife, Catherine Lucy Wilhelmina (only daughter of Philip Henry, fourth earl Stanhope, and subsequently wife of Harry George, fourth Duke of Cleveland), two sons and two daughters, of whom the eldest son, Archibald Philip, lord Dalmeny, born on 7 May 1847, succeeded on the death of his grandfather to the peerage as fifth earl, and, after a distinguished career as a statesman, was prime minister from March 1894 until June 1895.
T. F. H.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.227 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 380 | i | 37-38 | Primrose, Archibald J., 4th Earl of Rosebery: for earl of Stanhope read Earl Stanhope |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Ibbot, Benjamin

​IBBOT, BENJAMIN, D.D. (1680–1725), divine, son of Thomas Ibbot, vicar of Swaffham and rector of Beachamwell, Norfolk, was born at Beachamwell in 1680. He was admitted at Clare Hall, Cambridge, 25 July 1695. Having graduated B.A. in 1699, he migrated to Corpus Christi College in 1700, and became a scholar of that house. He commenced M.A. in 1703, and was elected to a Norfolk fellowship in 1706, but resigned it the next year on becoming librarian (and afterwards chaplain) to Archbishop Tenison. He was installed treasurer of the cathedral church of Wells, 13 Nov. 1708, by the option of Archbishop Tenison, who also presented him to the rectory of the united parishes of St. Vedast, alias Foster's, and St. Michael Querne, London. In 1713 and 1714, by appointment of the archbishop, he preached the Boyle lectures, and replied to Anthony Collins's 'Discourse of Free-thinking in matters Religion.' George I appointed him one of his chaplains-in-ordinary in 1716, and when his majesty visited Cambridge on 6 Oct. 1717 Ibbot was, by royal mandate, created D.D. He was appointed preacher-assistant to Dr. Samuel Clarke at St. James's, Westminster, and rector of St. Paul's, Shadwell; and on 26 Nov. 1724 was installed a prebendary of Westminster. He died at Camberwell on 5 April 1725, and was buried in Westminster Abbey.
His chief works are: 1. Six occasional sermons, including 'The Nature and Extent of the Office of the Civil Magistrate, considered in a Sermon [on Acts xviii. 14, 15] preached … Sept. 29 … being … the Election Day of a Lord Mayor for the year ensuing,' London (three editions), 1720, 4to. This gave offence, and was answered by Silas Drayton in a pamphlet entitled 'Gallio reproved,' 1721, by Joseph Slade in 'Gallionism truly stated,' 1721, and by another writer under the pseudonym of 'Philoclesius.' 2. 'Thirty Discourses on Practical Subjects,' 2 vols., London, 1726, 8vo, selected from his manuscripts by his friend Dr. Samuel Clarke, and published for the benefit of his widow; 2nd edit., 2 vols., London, 1776, 8vo, containing some account of the life and writings of the author by Roger Flexman, D.D. 3. 'A Course of Sermons preached for the Lecture founded by the Hon. Robert Boyle … in 1713 and 1714, wherein the true notion of the exercise of Private Judgment, or Free-thinking, in matters of Religion, is stated [against Anthony Collins],' 2 parts, London, 1727, 8vo; reprinted in vol. ii. of 'A Defence of Natural and Revealed Religion,' London, 1739, fol.
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Ibhar

​IBHAR or IBERIUS, Saint (d. 500?), bishop of Begery or Begerin, born early in the fifth century, may have belonged to the tribe of the Ui-Eachach Uladh in Iveagh, co. Down. He was probably a pupil of St. Patrick, and received the name Ibhar on becoming a Christian. He lived at first in the Arran Islands in Galway Bay, afterwards on Geshille Plain, King's County, then in the island of Begerin in Wexford Haven. He kept a school, and soon gathered monks around him, and his memory is preserved in various local traditions. He died at Begerin about A.D. 500. He is locally known as St. Ivory, and is commemorated on 23 April.
[All the authorities are collected in Smith's Dict. of Christian Biog. iii. 197; cf. also Webb's Compendium of Irish Biography, and Notes and Queries, 5th ser. i. 469.]
W. A. J. A.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Ickworth

​ICKWORTH, Lord HERVEY of. [See Hervey, John, 1696–1743.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Iago ab Idwal ab Meirig

​IAGO ab Idwal ab Meirig (d. 1039) king of Gwynedd, was, probably on account of his tender years, thrust aside from the succession on the death of his father, Idwal ab Meirig [q.v.], in 997. The usual struggle between rival claimants ensued, and among others, Llewelyn ab Seissyllt, who was not a member of the royal house, filled the throne for a period; but on his death, in 1023, Iago seized the sovereignty of Gwynedd, while that of Dyved fell to the hands of Rhydderch ab lestyn (Brut y Tywysogion, p.265). Iago gave refuge to Iestyn ab Gwrgant, who had violated Ardden, the daughter of Robert ab Seissyllt, and cousin of Gruflydd ab Llewelyn ab Seissyllt. The latter thereupon attacked Iago and killed him after an obstinate battle in 1039. (Annales Cambriæ; Brut y Tywysogion; Gwentian Chron.} Gruflydd then placed himself on the throne occupied at an earlier date by his father, Llewelyn ab Seissyllt.
D. Ll. T.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Ibbetson, Agnes

​IBBETSON, Mrs. AGNES (1757–1823), vegetable physiologist, daughter of Andrew Thomson, was born in London in 1757. She married a barrister named Ibbetson, who died before her. She herself died in February 1823 at Exmouth, where she had resided some years.
Between 1809 and 1822 Mrs. Ibbetson contributed more than fifty papers to 'Nicholson's Journal' and the 'Philosophical Magazine' on the microscopic structure and physiology of plants, including such subjects as air-vessels, pollen, perspiration, sleep, winter-buds, grafting, impregnation, germination, and the Jussieuean method. In the botanical department of the British Museum are preserved some specimens of woods and microscopic slides prepared by her, with a manuscript description stating that they represent twenty-four years' work, and illustrating her erroneous belief that buds originate endogenously and force their way outward. The leguminous genus Ibbetsonia was dedicated to her by Sims, but is now considered identical with the Cyclopia of Ventenat.
[Gent. Mag. 1823, i. 474; Rees's Cyclopædia.]
G. S. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Ibbotson, Henry

​IBBOTSON, HENRY (1816?–1886), botanist, was a schoolmaster successively at Mowthorpe, near Castle Howard, at Dunnington, and at Grimthorpe, near Whitwell, all in Yorkshire. He was an industrious student of botany, but passed his last years in great penury, earning a scanty living by digging officinal roots for the druggists. He died at York on 12 Feb. 1886.
Ibbotson was an active contributor to Baines's ' Flora of Yorkshire' (1840), to its supplement (1854), and to Baker's North Yorkshire' (1863). He wrote a pamphlet on the ferns of his native county, 1884; but his chief production, a laborious compilation of all the synonyms of British plants known to him, entitled 'A Catalogue of the Phænogamous Plants of Great Britain,' came out in parts, from 1846 to 1848, in small octavo. He also distributed sets of the rarer ​plants of the northern counties; his collections obtained high praise from Sir William Joseph Hooker [q. v.]
[Nat. Hist. Journ. and School Reporter, 15 March 1886; W. J. Hooker's Lond. Journ. Bot. iv. 496. In the Catalogue of the British Museum he is confused with the author of a tract on slavery, 1841.]
B. D. J.