OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cape, William Timothy

​CAPE, WILLIAM TIMOTHY (1806–1863), Australian colonist, born at Walworth, Surrey, 25 Oct. 1806, was eldest son of William Cape of Ireby, Cumberland. He was educated at Merchant Taylors' School under Dr. Bellamy, with a view to entering the church, and showed great proficiency in his studies. The elder Cape was resident manager of the bank of Brown, Cobb, & Co., Lombard Street, but on the breaking up of Brown's bank he decided to emigrate. Having obtained letters from Lord Bathurst to Sir Thomas Brisbane, the governor, William Cape, accompanied by his son, sailed for Van Diemen's Land in 1821, and after a nine months' voyage reached Hobart Town. In 1822 they removed to Sydney, where the father established a private school, the ‘Sydney Academy.’ In course of time he became principal of the Sydney public school, with his son as assistant-master, and on the resignation of the father, in 1829, the son became head-master—Archdeacon Scott, a friend of the family, being king's visitor. In 1830, however, he reopened the private school in Sydney, but when the high school called ‘Sydney College’ was founded in 1835, he transferred his private pupils to it, and was elected head-master. He held this office up to 1842, when he founded a new private school at Paddington, Sydney. In 1855 he decided to give up scholastic life. In 1859 he became member for the constituency of Wollombi. His experience advanced him to the position of commissioner of national education, and about the same time he became a magistrate. He was also elected fellow of St. Paul's College within the university of Sydney, and helped on the Sydney School of Arts.
In 1855 he made a visit to England, and the next year returned to New South Wales. In 1860 he again visited his native country with the younger branches of his family, in order to collect educational information, and died of small-pox at Warwick Street, Pimlico, 14 June 1863. His funeral at Brompton was attended by almost all the colonists then in London. His old pupils erected a tablet to his memory in St. Andrew's Cathedral, Sydney.
J. W.-G.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Barbour, Sir David Miller

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​BARBOUR, SIR DAVID MILLER (1841–)
I.C.S.: born 1841: educated at Queen's College, Belfast: went to India, 1863: served in Lower Bengal, ​until he became Under Secretary, Financial Department of the Government of India, 1872: Accountant General, Bengal: Secretary to Government of Bengal, Revenue Department, 1882: member of the Bengal Legislative Council, 1882: Secretary to the Government of India, Financial Department, 1882: C.S.I., 1887: Member of the Royal Commission in England on gold and silver, 1886: Financial Member of the Supreme Council of the Governor General, 1888–1893: K.C.S.I., 1889: Member of the Indian Currency Commission, 1898: K.C.M.G., 1899: Member and Chairman of several important Royal Commissions and Committees on the currency and finance of other countries, and on questions involving great financial considerations: wrote The Theory of Bimetallism.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Barnard, Sir Henry William

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​BARNARD, SIR HENRY WILLIAM (1799–1857)
Son of the Rev. William Barnard: born in 1799: was educated at Westminster and Sandhurst: joined the Guards in 1814: was at the occupation of Paris: served in Jamaica and Canada: in the Crimea: Maj-General: commanded, first a Brigade, and later a Division, and was Chief of the Staff to General Simpson: K.C.B., 1856: in 1857, went to India as General of the Sirhind Division. Upon General Anson's death at Karnal, Barnard succeeded to the command, and, moving towards Delhi, defeated the rebels at Badli-ka-sarai on June 8: died of cholera on the ridge at Delhi, July 5, 1857.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Banks, John Sherbrooke

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​BANKS, JOHN SHERBROOKE (1811–1857)
Major: joined the Indian Army in 1829: was employed on civil duties for a time, but in 1842 served in Pollock's Kabul force: was in the Military Secretariat: accompanied Lord Dalhousie to Burma, and was on his personal Staff: joined the Oudh Commission and became Commissioner of Lucknow: was in the Residency during the siege, and succeeded Sir Henry Lawrence as Chief Commissioner from the latter's death until his own on July 21, 1857.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Barlow, Sir George Hilaro, Baronet

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​BARLOW, SIR GEORGE HILARO, BARONET (1762–1847)
Governor: son of William Barlow, of Bath: joined the Bengal Civil Service in 1778: when employed, 1788–96, in the Revenue Secretariat, he had to carry out the Permanent Settlement of 1793 in Bengal: was Chief Secretary in 1796: became Member of the Supreme Council from Oct., 1801, and Vice-President in Council until, on Lord Cornwallis' death on Oct. 5, 1805, he, as provisional Governor-General, acted in that capacity until Lord Minto's arrival on July 31, 1807: Baronet, 1803: and K.C.B.: though he had supported Wellesley's policy of extending British power, he continued Cornwallis' policy of neutrality and conciliation towards the Native States, making concessions to Sindia and Holkar, and annulling protective treaties with Chiefs in Rajputana. In 1807 he went to Madras as Governor from Dec. 24: there he quarelled with the principal officers of both services: the military combined in a general mutiny, which Barlow suppressed vigorously: he was recalled and made over charge at Madras on May 21, 1813: G.C.B., 1815: died in England, Dec. 18, 1846.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Banerji, Kali Churn

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​BANERJI, KALI CHURN ( ? -)
Educated at the Calcutta University: M.A.: B.L.: a leading pleader in the Calcutta High Court: member of the Bengal Legislative Council: Registrar of the Calcutta University: President Y.M.C.A., Calcutta: a Brahman convert to Christianity: has taken a prominent part in all social, religious and educational movements of the day.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Banerji, Sir Guru Das

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​BANERJI, SIR GURU DAS (1844–)
Born near Calcutta, Jan. 26, 1844: educated at the Hare School, Presidency College and Calcutta University: B.A. (1863), M.A. (1864) in Mathematics, gold medal: B.L. (1865): Law Lecturer at the Berhampur College: began to practise in the High Court in 1872: Doctor of Law in 1876: Tagore Law Professor, 1878: lectured on "Hindu Law of Marriage and Stridhan": Fellow of the Calcutta University, 1879: member of the Bengal Legislative Council, 1887: acted as Judge of the High Court, 1888, confirmed in Jan. 1889: Vice-chancellor of the Calcutta University, 1890–3: member, 1902, of the Indian Universities' Commission: retired in Jan., 1904: knighted the same year: wrote A Few Thoughts on Education.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Banerji, Surendranath

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​BANERJI, SURENDRANATH (1848–)
Second son of Durga Charan Banerji, medical practitioner, Calcutta: born Nov., 1848: educated at the Doveton College, Calcutta: B.A,, 1868: passed in England the competitive examination for the Indian Civil Service, 1869: went out to Bengal, 1871: Assistant Magistrate at Sylhet: ceased to be a member of the Civil Service in March, 1874: became a Professor of English Literature in the Metropolitan Institution, 1876: joined the Free Church Institution and Duff College, 1881: founded the Ripon College, 1882: proprietor of the weekly Bengalee in 1878: imprisoned for one month in the civil side of the Presidency Jail, 1883, for contempt of court: established the Indian Association, 1876: represented the Calcutta Corporation in the Bengal Legislative Council, 1893: President of the nth meeting of the Indian National Congress at Poona, 1895, of the 18th at Ahmadabad, 1902: elected a Fellow of the Calcutta University by the Graduates, 1904.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Barclay, George Walter Woodfall

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​BARCLAY, GEORGE WALTER WOODFALL (1847–)
Son of Charles Barclay, Surgeon-General Madras Army: born Aug. 25, 1847: educated at St. Andrews, in Germany, and at Edinburgh University: M.A., 1867: in the Indian Government Telegraph Department, 1868–71: editor of the Calcutta Englishman, 1872–77: Fellow of the Calcutta University: left India, 1877: F.R.S.E., 1883: J. P.: sometime acting Editor of the Calcutta Review, and of Vanity Fair: has held various local appointments at Edinburgh.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Barker, Sir George Robert

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​BARKER, SIR GEORGE ROBERT (1817–1861)
Educated at the R.M.A., Woolwich: entered the Royal Artillery in 1834: served in the Crimea: became a Colonel: in the Indian mutiny served under Sir Colin Campbell, commanding as Brigadier the siege Artillery at the capture of Lucknow, March, 1858: commanded a Brigade in subsequent operations: captured Birwa: K.C.B.: died at Simla, July 27, 1861.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Barker, Sir Robert, Baronet

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​BARKER, SIR ROBERT, BARONET (1729?–1789)
Served in the Camatic and Bengal from 1754: as a Captain accompanied Clive to Calcutta in 1757, commanding the Artillery at Chandernagore and Plassy: returned to Madras, 1758: served in 1792 in Colonel Draper's expedition from Madras to the Phillippine Islands: knighted in 1763: raised the 24th N.I. 1876: Brig-General, 1770, and provincial C. in C., Bengal, in 1773: in July, 1772, a treaty was signed in his presence between the Nawab Wazir of Oudh and the Rohillas against the Mahrattas: after a quarrel with Warren Hastings he left India: became M.P. for Wallingford: Baronet, 1781: died Sep. 14, 1789.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Fittler, James

​FITTLER, JAMES (1758–1835), engraver, was born in London in 1758, and became a student at the Royal Academy in 1778. Besides book illustrations, he distinguished himself by numerous works after English and foreign masters, chiefly portraits. He engraved also landscapes, marine subjects, ​and topographical views, and was appointed marine engraver to George III. He was elected an associate of the Royal Academy in 1800; died at Turnham Green 2 Dec. 1835, and was buried in Chiswick churchyard. Fittler exhibited at the Royal Academy between 1776 and 1824. In 1788 he resided at No. 62 Upper Charlotte Street, Rathbone Place. Among his most important works are : two views of Windsor Castle, after George Robertson ; a view of Christ Church Great Gate, Oxford, after William Delamotte ; 'The Cutting of the Corvette la Chevrette from the Bay of Camaret, on the night of 21 July 1801,' 'Lord Howe's Victory,' and 'The Battle of the Nile,' after P. J. de Loutherbourg; several naval fights, after Captain Mark Oates, Thomas Luny, and D. Serres ; a classical landscape, with a temple on the left, after Claude Lorraine ; the celebrated portrait known by the name of 'Titian's Schoolmaster,' after Moroni ; portrait of Lord Grenville, after T. Phillips ; portrait of Dr. Hodson, after T. Phillips; Pope Innocent X, after Velasquez : he also executed the plates for Forster's 'British Gallery,' many of those for Bell's 'British Theatre,' and all the illustrations in Dibdin's 'Ædes Althorpianæ,' published in 1822, after which time he undertook no important work. His prints, books, and copper-plates were sold at Sotheby's 14 July 1825, and two following days.
L. F.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Fitch, William Stevenson

​FITCH, WILLIAM STEVENSON (1793–1859), antiquary, born in 1793, was for more than twenty-one years postmaster of Ipswich, but devoted his leisure to studying the antiquities of Suffolk. He made full collections for a history of that county. Most of them appear to have been dispersed by auction after his death, though the West Suffolk Archaeological Association, of which he was a founder, purchased the drawings and engravings, arranged in more than thirty quarto volumes, and they were deposited in the museum of the society at Bury St. Edmunds. Fitch published: 1. 'A Catalogue of Suffolk Memorial Registers, Royal Grants,' &c. (in his possession), Great Yarmouth, 1843, 8vo. 2. 'Ipswich and its Early Mints' (Ipswich), 1848, 4to. He contributed notices of coins and antiquities found in Suffolk to the 'Journal of the British Archaeological Association' (vols. i. ii. iii. xxi.), and contributed to the 'Proceedings of the East Suffolk Archaeological Society.' Fitch died 17 July 1859, leaving a widow, a daughter, and two sons.
W. W.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Fitchett, John

​FITCHETT, JOHN (1776–1838), poet, the son of a wine merchant at Liverpool, was born on 21 Sept. 1776, and having lost his parents before he attained the age of ten, was removed to Warrington by his testamentary guardian, Mr. Kerfoot, and placed at the Warrington grammar school under the Rev. Edward Owen. In 1793 he was articled to his guardian, and in due time, having been admitted an attorney, was taken into partnership with him, subsequently attaining a high place in his profession. His first published work, 'Bewsey, a Poem' (Warrington, 1796, 4to), written at the age of eighteen, had considerable success. He afterwards wrote many fugitive pieces, which were collected and printed at Warrington in 1836, under the title of 'Minor Poems, composed at various Times' (8vo, pp. ii, 416). The great work of his life was one which occupied his leisure hours for forty years, and in the composition of which he bestowed unwearied industry and acute research. It was printed at Warrington for private circulation at intervals between 1808 and 1834, in five quarto volumes. It was cast in the form of a romantic epic poem, the subject being the life and times of King Alfred, including, in addition to a biography of Alfred, an epitome of the antiquities, topography, religion, and civil and religious condition of the country. He rewrote part of the work, but did not live to finish it. He left money for printing a new edition, and the work of supervising it was undertaken by his pupil, clerk, and friend, Robert Roscoe [q. v.] (son of William Roscoe of Liverpool), who completed the task by adding 2,585 lines, the entire work containing more than 131,000 lines, and forming probably the longest poem in any language. This prodigious monument of misapplied learning and mental energy was published by Pickering in 1841-2, in six volumes, 8vo, with the title of 'King Alfred, a Poem.'
Fitchett died unmarried at Warrington on 20 Oct. 1838, and was buried at Winwick Church. His large and choice library was left to his nephew, John Fitchett Marsh, and was sold, with that gentleman's augmentations, at Sotheby's rooms in May 1882.
C. W. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Allan, Peter John

​ALLAN, PETER JOHN (1825–1848), poet, was born at York on 6 June 1825. His father was Dr. Colin Allan, at one time chief medical officer of Halifax, Nova Scotia, and Allan's short life was mainly spent in that town and at Fredericton, New Brunswick, whither his family removed on Dr. Allan's retirement from professional life in 1836. For a time Allan studied law, but the success attending the publication of some youthful poems in a weekly journal induced him to devote himself exclusively to literature, and he rapidly prepared a volume of poems, which was sent in manuscript to England for publication. But before the book was printed, Allan was seized with fever, and died, after a brief illness, at the age of 23.
More than four years after Allan's death there was published in London the ‘Poetical Remains of Peter John Allan, Esq., with a short biographical notice, edited by the Rev. Henry Christmas, M.A., F.R.S.,’ 1853. The memoir, which is unaffectedly pathetic, is by the poet's brother, J. McGrigor Allan. The poems show much metrical skill, and the lyrics interspersed in a fragment of a drama, entitled ‘Pygmalion,’ are very melodious. But Allan evidently wrote largely under Byron's influence, and there is throughout the volume an absence of any striking originality. The majority of the poems are evidently very youthful compositions, and fail to justify the extravagant expectations expressed by Allan's friendly critics of his future achievements.
S. L. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Allam, Andrew

​ALLAM, ANDREW (1655–1685), antiquary, born at Garsingdon, Oxfordshire, April 1655, was educated at a private grammar school at Denton, near Cuddesden; on leaving which he entered St. Edmund's Hall, Oxford, in Easter term 1671, where, after taking his degree, he was made tutor, and subsequently appointed vice-principal. At Whitsuntide 1680 he took holy orders, and in 1683 was elected one of the masters of the schools. He devoted much time to literary pursuits, and assisted Anthony à Wood in the compilation of his ‘Athenæ Oxonienses,’ who speaks of him as highly qualified for such a work by reason of his extensive knowledge in all historical matters, adding: ‘He understood the world of men well, authors better; and nothing but years and experience were wanting to make him a complete walking library.’ The antiquary Hearne, in his ‘Short Life of Anthony Wood,’ says that he had often heard it ‘reported at Oxford that the greatest help Mr. Wood found from any one person was from Mr. Andrew Allam; this ingenious person helping him very much in the notitia of divers modern authors, whilst Mr. Wood was day and night drudging in those more ancient.’ Among his other chief contributions to literature may be mentioned the short biographical notice prefixed to Dr. Cosin's ‘Ecclesiæ Anglicanæ Politeis in tabulas digesta,’ Oxon. 1684, fol., and a preliminary account, with additions and corrections, of a work entitled ‘Some Plain Discourses on the Lord's Supper, &c., written by Dr. George Griffith, Bishop of St. Asaph,’ Oxon. 1684, 8vo. He also wrote the preface to a small pamphlet, ‘The Epistle Congratulatory of Lysimachus Nicanor, &c., to the Covenanters of Scotland,’ Oxon. 1684, and translated the ‘Life of Iphicrates,’ 1684. Some additions made by him to Chamberlain's ‘Angliæ Notitia’ (1684) were printed in the edition of 1687 without due acknowledgment, according to Wood. He projected a ‘Notitia Ecclesiæ Anglicanæ, or History of Cathedrals,’ a design which he was prevented from completing by death, from smallpox, on 18 June 1685. Wood further tells us that he began and made various additions to Helvicus's ‘Historical and Chronological Theatre,’ as occasion required, and left unfinished a supplement to that work from 1660 to 1683. His additions, as far as they went, were printed with that author in 1687. But ‘whereas,’ says Wood, ‘there was a column in the edition of 1687 intended to contain the names of the most famous Jesuits, from the foundation of the order to 1685, this was not done by Allam, nor that passage under 1678, which runs thus: “Titus Oates discovers a pretended popish plot.”’
[Wood's Athenæ Oxon. (ed. Bliss), iv. 174; Biographia Britannica; Brit. Mus. Cat.; Hearne's Life of Wood in Rawlinson MSS., Bodleian Library.]
T. F. T. D.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Alken, Henry

​ALKEN, HENRY (fl. 1816–1831), draftsman and engraver, is said to have been originally huntsman, stud-groom, or trainer to the Duke of Beaufort. His earliest productions were published anonymously under the signature of ‘Ben Tallyho;’ but in 1816 he issued with his name ‘The Beauties & Defects in the Figure of the Horse comparatively delineated.’ From this date until about 1831 he produced many sets of etchings of sporting subjects, mostly coloured, and sometimes humorous in character, the principal of which were ‘Humorous Specimens of Riding,’ 1821-3; ‘Symptoms of being amazed,’ 1822; ‘Symptoms of being amused,’ 1822; ‘Flowers from Nature,’ 1823-5; ‘A Touch at the Fine Arts,’ 1824; and ‘Ideas,’ 1830. Besides these, he published in 1821 ‘The National Sports of Great Britain,’ ‘Illustrations for Landscape Scenery,’ and ‘Scraps from the Sketch-Book of Henry Alken;’ in 1823, ‘New Sketch-Book;’ in 1824, ‘Sporting Scrap-Book’ and ‘Shakespeare's Seven Ages;’ in 1827, ‘Sporting Sketches;’ and, in 1831, ‘Illustrations to Popular Songs’ and ‘Illustrations of Don Quixote,’ the latter engraved by John Christian Zeitter. The fertility of Alken's pencil was amazing; but the idea of it might be fictitiously enhanced if the fact were not borne in mind that he left two or three sons——one of whom was named Henry——all artists, and all sporting artists, who have been incessantly painting, lithographing, aquatinting, and etching for the sporting publishers and for private patrons of the turf. In all Alken's works there is a freedom of handling and a happy choice of subject which rendered them very popular in their day. One of his drawings in water-colours, ‘Fox-Hunting,’ is in the South Kensington Museum.
[Notes and Queries, 3rd ser. xi. 516, xii. 155; Blackwood's Edin. Mag. 1824, xv. 219; Alken's works in Print-Room, British Museum.]
R. E. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Alken, Samuel

​ALKEN, SAMUEL (fl. 1780–1796), was a draughtsman and engraver, and his aquatint engravings are of high merit. Alken produced plates after Morland, Richard ​Wilson, Rowlandson, Wheatley, and others. As an original artist he is known by the ‘New Book of Ornaments,’ which he designed and etched himself, by his ‘Views in Cumberland and Westmoreland,’ published in 1796, and by ‘Aquatint Views in North Wales,’ published in 1798.
[Redgrave's Dict. of Painters; Nagler, Künstler-Lexicon, ed. 1872.]
E. R.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Fitzwilliam, Edward (1788-1852)

​FITZWILLIAM, EDWARD (1788– 1852), actor, was bomrnof Irish parents near Holborn in London on 8 Aug. 1788, In 1806 he was actor and property man with Trotter, manager of the theatres at Southend and Hythe. At Gosport in 1808 he was seen by Elliston, who engaged him for his theatre at Birmingham. As Hodge in 'Love in a Village' he made, at the West London Theatre, his first appearance in London. In 1813 he was a leading actor at the Olympic, under Elliston, with whom he migrated to the Royal Circus, subsequently known as the Surrey, his first part at this house being Humphrey Grizzle in 'Three and the Deuce.' Under the management of Thomas Dibdin [q. v.] he rose at this house to the height of his popularity, his best parts being Leporello, Dumbiedykes in the 'Heart of Midlothian,' Patch, Partridge in 'Tom Jones,' and Humphry Clinker. At the Surrey he met Miss Copeland [see Fitzwilliam, Fanny Elizabeth], whom on 2 Dec. 1822 he married. Fitzwilliam — who had once appeared at Drury Lane for the benefit of T. P. Cooke, playing Sancho in 'Lovers' Quarrels' and singing a song, 'Paddy Carey,' in which he was very popular — joined the regular company at that house 10 Nov. 1821 as O'Rourke O'Daisy in 'Hit Of Miss.' From this time his reputation dwindled. Padreen Gar in 'Giovanni in Ireland,' Loney Mactwolter in the 'Review,' and other Irish parts were assigned him. After a time he practically forsook the stage and became a comic vocalist at city entertainments. About 1845 he retired on an annuity from the Drury Lane Theatrical Fund, and died at his house in Regent Street 30 March 1862. In society, in which he was popular, he was known as 'Little Fitz.' He was about 5 ft. 3 in. in height, robustly built, and had a good-humoured characteristically Irish physiognomy. His son is noticed below.
J. K.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Fitzwalter, Lord

​FITZWALTER, Lord (d. 1495). [See Ratcliffe, John.]