OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Vol 11:6

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# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Vol 11:8

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# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Vol 11:7

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# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Vol 11:9

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# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Vol 12:12

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# A Biographical Dictionary of the Celebrated Women of Every Age and Country/Espinassi, (Mademoiselle l')

ESPINASSI, (MADEMOISELLE L')
A sensible female writer of France, in the last century, on The Education of young Ladies, and an Abridgement of French History.
Mrs. Thicknesse.
# A Biographical Dictionary of the Celebrated Women of Every Age and Country/Fannia

FANNIA,
An illustrious Roman lady, daughter of Petus Thrasea, and grand-daughter of Arria, twice attended her husband Helvidius into banishment, and was herself afterwards banished for his sake, that is, because she had desired Senecio to write her husband's life, and furnished him with materials for doing it; which she boldly confessed before her judges, denying only that her mother knew it. This happened under the emperor Domitian. The greatness of her soul was attended with such a sweet and agreeable temper, that she was as much loved as respected.
Pliny relates, that the priests appointing some ladies to take care of the vestal virgins, who, by sickness, were obliged to leave their convent, Fannia paid so much attention to one of them, her relation, that she fell ill herself.
# A Biographical Dictionary of the Celebrated Women of Every Age and Country/Fauques, (Mademoiselle de)

FAUQUES, (MADEMOISELLE DE) of Avignon, in the eighteenth Century.
Whether Mrs. Thicknesse means that she was a nun, I know not; but she says, "who for ten years had been under the cover of a veil in a monastery, in which time her good sense having pointed out the absurdities of such a life, she quitted it, and resided at Paris," where she published many ingenious works: her best. La Triomphe de l'Amitie, was written in the ​convent; others are, Contes de la Serrail, translated from the Turkish; La derniere des Gueres-Betes, a fable; and Abassai, an oriental romance.
F. C.
# A Biographical Dictionary of the Celebrated Women of Every Age and Country/Eve

EVE,
The mother of mankind, who suffering herself to be ​seduced by the evil spirit, to transgress an express command of her Maker, by eating of the forbidden fruit, which she likewise presented to her husband, was condemned to be in subjection to the latter, and to suffer pain in childbirth.
# A Biographical Dictionary of the Celebrated Women of Every Age and Country/Fane, (Elizabeth)

F.
FANE, (ELIZABETH)
Author of several pious meditations and proverbs, in the English language, which were printed by Robert Crowland, with this title, The Lady Elizabeth Fane's Twenty-one Psalms, and One hundred and two Proverbs. London, 1550.
Who this lady was is not easy to ascertain. By the title given her, one would suppose her to be an earl's daughter: but it does not appear from Dugdale, Collins, nor any other who have given the peerage of the Fane family, that there was, or indeed could be, any such lady in it, near the time she is supposed to have lived. She was therefore, very probably, either the wife of Richard Fane, who married Elizabeth, the daughter and ​heir of Stidolph, living in the latter end of the reign of Henry VIII. or of Sir Thomas Fane, who was engaged in Wyatt's rebellion in the first year of queen Mary.
Female Worthies.
# A Biographical Dictionary of the Celebrated Women of Every Age and Country/Fayette, (Marie-Madeleine, Countess de la)

This lady, who was in the service of Henrietta, daughter of Charles I. of England, wife of the duke of Orleans; was one of the ornaments of the reign of Lewis XIV. and highly esteemed at court. She was universally respected by men of letters, and corresponded with the most learned of them, particularly the famous Huet, bishop of Avranches. Her modesty was equal to her other amiable qualities, for she wrote many things which were greatly admired, and permitted others to have the credit of them.
The elegance of her style, her taste, her refined sentiments; but, above all, her adhering so closely to nature, render it impossible to read her romances, without being deeply interested. Voltaire says, "she was the first who ever composed one in which the characters appear natural, and not either over-rated, or such as introduced incidents, in which the most glaring absurdities and improbabilities were conspicuous; as if the only end of the writers of such works is to raise wonder and amazement, instead of drawing a true picture of human nature."
The works of this lady are ranked with the first of the kind in the French language. The principal are, Zaide; la Princesse de Cleve; la Princesse de ​Montpensier. They are almost the only romances of that period which are still read with pleasure.
Mrs. Thicknesse., F. C.
# A Biographical Dictionary of the Celebrated Women of Every Age and Country/Ferrara, (Renata, Duchess of)

In 1527, was married to Hercules d'Este, the second of that name, duke of Ferrara and Modena. M. Varillas assures us, that she was mistress of immense erudition, that she excelled in all parts of the mathematics, but especially in astronomy; but what he says of Calvin's journey to that princess's court, after having converted her from popery, seems at least doubtful, if not false; because there are authors who mention that event before Calvin went thither.
In the year 1559, her husband died; and, in 1560, she left Italy on account of her religion, and returned to France, where she was permitted to profess Hugonotism. She resided at Montargis, and there gave protection to as many as were persecuted, till she was obliged to do so no longer. It was with much regret that she yielded to go rigorous a restraint; and, if her courage appeared on this occasion, her charity was no less conspicuous; for, during the troubles in France, she fed ​and maintained a great number of protestants in her castle, who had fled to her for refuge. She interceded strongly for the prince of Conde, when he was imprisoned at Orleans in the time of the young king Francis; but afterwards was displeased with him, because neither she nor her ministers approved the protestants taking up arms.
Female Worthies.
# A Biographical Dictionary of the Celebrated Women of Every Age and Country/Eustochium

EUSTOCHIUM,
A Roman lady of great learning and piety; a disciple of St. Jerom, whom she followed in his travels through Syria, Palestine, and Egypt, to visit places celebrated in the Scriptures. She became a nun at Bethlehem, and died 419.
# A Biographical Dictionary of the Celebrated Women of Every Age and Country/Ferreyra, (Bernarda)

FERREYRA, (BERNARDA)
A Spanish poetess, much esteemed by Lope de Vega, who was well skilled in rhetoric, philosophy, and mathematics.
Father Feejou.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Swallow-hole

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​SWALLOW-HOLE, in physical geography the name applied to a cavity resulting from the solution of rock under the action of water, and forming, or having at some period formed, the entrance to a subterranean stream-channel. Such holes are common in calcareous (limestone or chalky) districts, or along the line of outcrop of a limestone belt among non-calcareous strata. These cavities are also known as sinks, dolinas or butter-tubs, and by other local names, and sometimes as pot-holes; the last term, however, is also synonymous with Giant's Kettle (q.v.). See Cave.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Swammerdam, Jan

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​SWAMMERDAM, JAN (1637-1680), Dutch naturalist, was born on the 12th of February 1637 at Amsterdam, the son of an apothecary and naturalist. He was destined for the Church; but he preferred the profession of medicine, taking his doctor's degree at Leiden in 1667. Having necessarily to interest himself in human anatomy, he devoted much attention to the preservation and better demonstration of the various structures, and he devised the method of studying the circulatory system by means of injections. He also spent much time in the study of insects, investigating the subject of their metamorphosis, and in this and other ways laying the beginnings of their natural classification, while his researches on the anatomy of mayflies and bees were also of great importance. His devotion to science led to his neglect of practice; his father, resenting this, stopped all supplies and thus Swammerdam experienced a period of considerable privation, which had the most unfortunate consequences to his health, both bodily and mental. In 1675 his father died, leaving him an adequate fortune, but the mischief was irreparable. He became a hypochondriac and mystic, joined the followers of Antoinette Bourignon, and died at Amsterdam on the 15th of February 1680.
His Allgemeene Verhandeling van bloedeloose diertjens appeared at Utrecht in 1669, and his Biblia naturae, sive Historia insectorum in certas classes redacta was published after his death by H. Boerhaeve in 1737-1738. He was also the author of Miraculum naturae, seu Uteri muliebris fabrica (Leiden, 1672).
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Sverdrup, Johan

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​SVERDRUP, JOHAN (1816–1892), Norwegian statesman, was born at Jarlsberg on the 30th of July 1816. His father, Jakob Sverdrup, was a land steward, and the founder of the first school of agriculture in Norway. Johan entered the Storthing in 1850, sitting first for Laurvik, and then for the district of Akershus, and was its president from 1871 to 1884, during the whole of the dispute over the prerogative of the Crown. He built up a strong political party, which, relying for support chiefly on the Norwegian peasantry, was determined to secure strict constitutional government and practically to destroy the power of the king. Under his leadership the opposition, in 1872, secured the passing of a bill for the admission of the ministers to the Storthing, which was a step to the establishment of the dependence of the cabinet on a majority in that assembly. King Charles XV. refused his sanction to this bill, and on its third passing in 1880 Oscar II. opposed his veto, at the same time claiming his right to the absolute veto. Sverdrup then proposed the proclamation of the law in defiance of the king’s action. The ​retirement of Frederik Stang removed Sverdrup's chief political opponent from the field. He was aided in his campaign by Björnstjerne Bjornson, and after a series of political crises he became prime minister in June 1884. But when he became prime minister he soon found himself at issue with Björnson on church matters. Inspired chiefly by his nephew Johan he secured the refusal of a pension to the novelist Kielland because of his anticlerical views, and he further wished to give the parish councils the right to strike off the voting list persons who had broken away from church discipline. Therefore, although during his term of office no fewer than eighty-nine measures, many of them involving useful reforms, became law, he failed to satisfy the extremists among his supporters, and was driven to rely on the moderate Liberals. He was compelled to retire in 1889, and died on the 17th of February 1892 at Christiania.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Swadlincote

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​SWADLINCOTE, a town in the southern parliamentary division of Derbyshire, England, 15 m. S.S.W. of Derby, and 4 m. S.E. of Burton-upon-Trent, on the Midland railway. Pop. (1901), urban district of Swadlincote district, 18,014. This includes the civil parishes of Swadlincote, Church Gresley and Stanton and Newhall, which together form a large industrial township, mainly devoted to the manufacture of earthenware and fireclay goods. There are collieries in the neighbourhood.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Swahili

See also Swahili people and Swahili language on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​SWAHILI (Wa-Swahili, i.e. coast people, from the Arabic sāhil, coast), a term commonly applied to the inhabitants of Zanzibar and of the opposite mainland between the parallels of 2° and 9° S., who speak the Ki-Swahili language. The Swahili are essentially a mixed people, the result of long crossing between the negroes of the coast and the Arabs, with an admixture of slave blood from nearly all the East African tribes. Among Swahili are found every shade of colour and every type of physique from the full-blooded negro to the pure Semite. Usually they are a powerfully built, handsome people, inclined to stoutness and with Semitic features. They number about a million. They figured largely in the history of African enterprise during the 19th century. The energy and intelligence derived from their Semitic blood have enabled them to take a leading part in the development of trade and the industries, as shown in the wide diffusion of their language, which, like the Hindustani in India and the Guarani in South America, has become the principal medium of intercommunication in a large area of Africa south of the equator. During his journey from the Indian Ocean to the Atlantic (1873-1874) Commander V. Lovett Cameron found that a knowledge of this language enabled him everywhere to dispense with the aid of an interpreter, as it was understood by one or more persons in all the tribes along the route. Owing to this circumstance the Swahili have been found invaluable assistants in every expedition from the eastern seaboard to the interior after they began to be ​employed by J. H. Speke and Richard Burton as porters and escorts in 1857. The language is somewhat archaic Bantu, much mixed with Arabic, while Indian, Persian and even English, Portuguese and German words have contributed to the vocabulary. Grammatical treatises on it have been published, and into it portions of the Bible have been translated by Bishop Steere. The Swahili are Mahommedans, but in disposition are genuine negroes. Christian missions among them have met with little success.
See Johann Ludwig Krapf, Dictionary of Swahili Language (London, 1882); Bishop Steere, Handbook of the Swahili Language (London, 1894); Collection of Swahili Folk-Tales (1869); A. C. Madan, English-Swahili Dictionary (Oxford, 1894); Delaunay, Grammaire Kiswahili (Paris, 1898). See also Bantu Languages.