OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Baynes, Robert Lambert

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​BAYNES, C.B., K.R.G. (Captain, 1828. f-p., 22; h-p., 15.)
Robert Lambert Baynes entered the Navy, 19 April, 1810, as Fst.-cl. Vol., on board the Blake 74, Capt. Edw. Codrington, stationed off the coast of Catalonia, where he served, latterly as Midshipman, until May, 1813. Until the receipt of his first commission, 8 April, 1818, we next find him successively employed, on various stations, in the Duncan 74, and Royal Sovereign 100, both commanded by Capt. Robt. Lambert Baynes, Tonnant 80, flag-ship of Sir Alex. Cochrane, Seahorse 38, commanded during the expedition to New Orleans, by Sir Jas. Alex. Gordon, Cyrus 20, Capt. Wm. Fairbrother Carroll, and Conqueror 74, bearing the flag of Rear- Admiral Robt. Plampin. His appointments as Lieutenant were, 12 Nov. 1819, to the Vigo 74, Capt. Thos. Brown, at St. Helena – 2 Dec. 1822, and 28 Aug. 1823, to the Briton 46, Capt. Sir Murray Maxwell, and Tartarus 42, Capt. Thos. Brown, both on the South American station – and, 6 Oct. 1826, to the Asia 84, equipping at Portsmouth for the flag of Sir Edw. Codrington. He was advanced to the command, 8 July, 1827, of the Alacrity sloop, on the Mediterranean station, but being soon afterwards re-appointed, as Second-Captain, to the Asia, was present in that ship, and distinguished himself by his exemplary conduct, at the ensuing battle of Navarin. Obtaining Post-rank 8 July, 1828, he subsequently commanded the Andromache 26, on the Cape station, from 2 Feb. 1838, to March, 1843. He has since been on half-pay.
Capt. Baynes, for his conduct at Navarin, was nominated a C.B., and presented with the Order of the Redeemer of Greece. He married, 8 July, 1846, Frances, daughter of Lord Denman, Chief Justice of the Court of Queen’s Bench, and sister of Hon. Capt. Denman, R.N.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Bayley, Henry

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​BAYLEY. (Lieutenant, 1845.)
Henry Bayley passed his examination 7 Sept. 1836; and served as Mate, chiefly in the Mediterranean, on board the Impregnable 104, Capt. Thos. Forrest, Malabar 72, Capt. Sir Geo. Rose Sartorius, Albion steamer, Lieut.-Commanders John Jeayes and Fred. Lowe, and Volcano steam-sloop, Lieut.-Commanders Edw. Chas. Miller and John Hay Crang. He obtained his commission 6 Dec. 1845; and has been since employed on the same station in the Hibernia 104, flag-ship of Sir Wm. Parker.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Bayly, Charles Bissett

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​BAYLY. (Lieutenant, 1841.)
Charles Bissett Bayly entered the Navy 1 Sept. 1823; passed his examination 1 Dec. 1830; and from 29 July, 1840, until the early part of 1842, served in the Coast Guard. He was promoted, during the latter period, to the rank he now holds by commission dated 23 Nov. 1841; and since 15 May, 1843, has been again employed in the Coast Guard.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Bayly, James

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​BAYLY. (Commander, 1828. f-p., 17; h-p., 31.)
James Bayly, born in 1785, at Nenagh, is son of the Rev. Henry Bayly, Rector of Nenagh and Nigh, co. Tipperary; grandson of John Bayly, Esq., of Debsborough; brother of Capt. Benj. Bayly, late 21st Fusileers, of Lieut. Peter Bayly, R.N., and of the late Capts. John Bayly, of the 2nd Bengal Light Cavalry, and Wm. Bayly, of the 92nd Highlanders; and brother-in-law of Sir Wm. Rowan Hamilton, Astronomer Royal of Ireland, and of Wm. Rathbone, Esq., late High Sheriff of Dublin.
This officer entered the Navy, 6 March, 1799, as a Volunteer, on hoard the Penelope 36, commanded by his relative Capt. Hon. Henry Blackwood; and on 31 March, 1800, while at the blockade of Malta, assisted at the hard-wrought capture of Le Guillaume Tell, of 84 guns and 1000 men, bearing the flag of Rear-Admiral Decrès. After attending, as Midshipman, the expedition to Egypt, he successively joined, between May, 1802, and Oct. 1805, the Donegal 74, bearing the broad pendant of Sir Rich. Strachan, Experiment 44, Capt. Geo. Chas. Mackenzie, Virginie 88, Capt. John Poo Beresford, and Euryalus 36, Capt. Hon. Henry Blackwood. For his conduct in the latter frigate at the battle of Trafalgar, on which occasion he had the honour of conveying Lord Collingwood on board, he was at once appointed Acting-Lieutenant of that nobleman’s flag-ship, the Royal Sovereign 100. He was officially promoted on 22 Dec. in the same year, 1805; and was afterwards appointed – 19 April, 1806, to the Ganges 74, Capt. Peter Halkett, in which ship he witnessed the capture, 27 Sept. 1806, of Le Président French frigate, and the subsequent reduction of Copenhagen – 11 March, 1808, to the Warspite 74, Capt. Hon. H. Blackwood, stationed in the Mediterranean – 22 Oct. 1810, as First (for his co-exertions in having rescued the Euryalus, and Shearwater brig, from six of the enemy’s line-of-battle ships in a gale off Toulon), to the Leonidas 38, Capt. Anselm John Griffiths, also in the Mediterranean – 1 Jan. 1811, to the Fame 74, Capt. Walter Bathurst, with whom he returned to England an invalid – 25 Oct. 1811, and 11 Oct. 1813, to the Trinculo 16, and Orontes 36, Capts. Alex. Renny and Nathaniel Day Cochrane, on the Cork and West India stations, the latter of which ships he left in May, 1815 – and, in 1827, to the Prince Regent 120, bearing the flag at the Nore of his old friend, Hon. H. Blackwood, at whose recommendation, on memorialising the Lord High Admiral, he was advanced to his present rank, 25 Aug. 1828.
Commander Bayly married, 12 Sept. 1831, Miss Tripe.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Bayfield, Henry Wolsey

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​BAYFIELD. (Capt., 1834. f-p., 41; h-p., 0.)
Henry Wolsey Bayfield is, we believe, related to a family of high distinction, the Bayflelds, of Bayfield Hall, co. Norfolk; and a connexion of Sir Gregory Osborne Page Turner, Bart., of Ambrosden, co. Oxford.
This officer entered the Navy, 29 Sept. 1806, as Fst.-cl. Vol., on board the Beagle sloop, Capts. Fras. Newcombe and Wm. Brooking Dolling, under the former of whom, while cruizing in the Downs, he assisted at the capture, on different occasions, of three heavy privateers, carrying in the whole 44 guns and 155 men. Having further witnessed Lord Cochrane’s destruction of the French shipping in Aix Roads, and attained the rating of Midshipman, he rejoined Capt. Newcombe, in April, 1811, on board the Wanderer 20, and during the three following years was employed on the West India, Halifax, and Lisbon and Spanish stations. He served in Canada during the latter part of the American War; and since Sept. 1816, has been engaged in the survey of lakes Ontario, Erie, and Huron, the river St. Lawrence, and the coast of Labrador. He obtained his first commission 20 March, 1815; acquired the rank of Commander 8 Nov. 1826; and was posted for his services as a Maritime Surveyor 4 June, 1834.
Capt. Bayfield married, 2 April, 1838, Fanny, only daughter of Capt. C. Wright, R.E., by whom he has issue. Agents – Hallett and Robinson.
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Rainforth, Elizabeth

From volume 3 of the work.
[ W. H. H. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Rallentando

From volume 3 of the work.
​RALLENTANDO, RITARDANDO, RITENENTE, RITENUTO—'Becoming slow again,' 'Slackening,' 'Holding back,' 'Held back.' The first two of these words are used quite indifferently to express a gradual diminution of the rate of speed in a composition, and although the last is commonly used in exactly the same way, it seems originally and in a strict sense to have ​meant a uniform rate of slower time, so that the whole passage marked ritenuto would be taken at the same time, while each bar and each phrase in a passage marked rallentando would be a little slower than the one before it. That there exists a difference in their uses is conclusively proved by a passage in the Quartet op. 131 of Beethoven, where in the 7th movement (allegro) a phrase of three recurring minims, which is repeated in all five times, has the direction 'Espressivo, poco ritenuto' for its first three appearances, which are separated by two bars a tempo, and for the last two times has ritardando, which at length leads into the real a tempo, of which the former separating fragments were but a presage. This is one of the very rare instances of the use of the word ritenuto by Beethoven. The conclusion from it is confirmed by a passage in Chopin's Rondo, op. 16, consisting of the four bars which immediately precede the entry of the second subject. Here the first two bars consist of a fragment of a preceding figure which is repeated, so that both these bars are exactly the same; the last two bars however have a little chromatic cadence leading into the second subject. The direction over the first two bars is 'poco ritenuto' and over the last two 'rallentando,' by which we may be quite sure that the composer intended the repeated fragment to be played at the same speed in each bar, and the chromatic cadence to be slackened gradually.
[ J. A. F. M. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Ramsey, Robert

From volume 3 of the work.
[ G. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Randall, John

From volume 3 of the work.
[ W. H. H. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Ramann, Lina

From volume 3 of the work.
​RAMANN, Lina, musical litterateur and educationist, was born at Mainstockheim, near Kitzingen, in Bavaria, June 24, 1833. Her turn for music and her determination to succeed were evident from a very early age. It was not, however, till her seventeenth year that she had any instruction in music. At that time her parents removed to Leipzig, and from 1850 to 1853 she there enjoyed the advantage of pianoforte lessons from the wife of Dr. F. Brendel, herself formerly a scholar of Field's. From this period she adopted the career of a teacher of music, and studied assiduously, though without help, for that end.
In 1858 she opened an institute in Glückstadt (Holstein) for the special training of music-mistresses, and maintained it till 1865, in which year she founded a more important establishment, the Music School at Nürnberg, in conjunction with Frau Ida Volkmann of Tilsit, and assisted by a staff of superior teachers, under Miss Ramann's own superintendence. With a view to the special object of her life she has published two works—'Die Musik als Gegenstand der Erziehung' (Leipzig, Merseburger, 1868), and 'Allgemeine Erzieh- und Unterrichts-lehre der Jtigend' (Leipzig, H. Schmidt, 1869; 2nd ed. 1873), which were both received with favour by the German Press. Since 1860 Miss Ramann has been musical correspondent of the Hamburg 'Jahreszeiten.' A volume of her essays contributed to that paper has been collected and published, under the title of 'Aus der Gegenwart' (Nurnberg, Schmid, 1868). In the early part of 1880 she published a study of Liszt's 'Christus' (Leipzig, Kahnt), and later in the year the first volume of a Life of Liszt (1811–1840; Leipzig, Breitkopf & Härtel). This is an important work. It suffers somewhat from over-enthusiasm, but it is done with great care, minuteness, and intelligence, and has obviously profited largely by direct information from Liszt himself. [App. p.766 "Add that her life of Liszt was translated by Mrs. S. H. Eddy, Chicago, and by Miss E. Cowdery, and published in 2 vols. in 1882."] Her cousin,
[ G. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Ramm, Friedrich

From volume 3 of the work.
​RAMM, Friedrich, eminent oboe-player, born Nov. 18, 1744, in Mannheim. He was a member of the Elector's celebrated band under Cannabich, first in Mannheim, and then in Munich, whither the court removed, and where he celebrated his fiftieth year of service in 1808. His tone was particularly pure and true, with great roundness, softness, and power in the lower notes; and he was also a master of the legato style. 'Ramm is a downright good fellow,' writes Mozart, 'amusing and honourable too; he plays finely, with a pretty delicate tone.' Mozart sent him the oboe-concerto (Köchel, 293) composed for Ferlendi (which became his cheval de bataille), and when in Paris composed a symphonic concertante for Wendling, Ramm, Punto, and Ritter, to be played at the Concerts Spirituels. It was however never performed, and all trace of it is lost (Jahn, i. 476).
Ramm played in London at the Professional Concerts in 1784. In Vienna he gave a concert at the Karnthnerthor Theatre in 1787, and played three times at the concerts of the Tonkünstler-Societät between the years 1776 and 81.
[ C. F. P. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Randall (anthem)

From volume 3 of the work.
[ G. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Randall, Richard

From volume 3 of the work.
​RANDALL, Richard, a tenor singer, born Sept. 1, 1736, whose life is sufficiently described in the inscription to his portrait, published May 1812:—'This celebrated tenor singer so remarkable for his great strength of voice and unrivalled comic humour was born Sep$^{br}$ 1st 1736 and educated under M$^r$ Bern$^d$ Gates in the Chapel Royal where he was early noticed and became a great favourite of his late Majesty George the second, by whose command he sung many Solo Anthems, he is the only remaining chorister who sung with M. Handel in his Oratorios, and whose compositions he still performs with most wonderfull effect at the age of 76.'
[ G. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Randall, William

From volume 3 of the work.
​RANDALL, William, an eminent publisher of music. [See Walsh, John.]
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Ayling, William

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​AYLING. (Lieut., 1815. f-p., 11; h-p., 31.)
William Ayling entered the Navy, 7 March, 1805, as Second-cl. Vol., on board the Royal William, Capts. John Wainwright and Hon. Courtenay Boyle, lying at Spithead. With the exception of an attachment, from Aug. 1810 to Aug. 1811, to the Thisbe 28, Capt. Wm. Rogers, guard-ship in the river Thames, he was subsequently employed, between June, 1807, and the year 1815, chiefly as Midshipman, in the Paulina, Hind, Crocodile, Narcissus, and Pomone, all commanded by Capt. John Rich. Lumley, on the Mediterranean, Home, and North America stations. He was promoted from the Leander 50, Capt. Wm. Shiksey, to the rank he now holds 3 Aug. 1815; and has since been on half-pay. Agents – Messrs. Stilwell.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Autridge, Charles

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​AUTRIDGE. (Lieut., 1815. f-p., 30; h-p., 18.)
Charles Autridge entered the Navy, 30 June, 1803, as Fst.-cl. Vol., on board the Poulette 20, Capt. Jas. Dunbar, with whom, and Capts. Hen. Hope and Anselm John Griffiths, he afterwards served, as Midshipman and Master’s Mate, in the Astrea 32, and Leonidas 38, until Nov. 1811. He was present, during that period, in the Astrea at the siege of Copenhagen, in Sept. 1807, and in the Leonidas at the reduction of Cephalonia and Santa Maura in 1809-10, besides participating in many boat affairs on the coasts of Italy and Spain. He served the remainder of the war in the Erebus, commanded by his relative, Capt. Wm. Autridge, Victory 100, flag-ship of Sir Jas. Saumarez, Salsette 36, Capt. John Bowen, and Phoenix 36, Capts. Wm. Henry Webley and Chas. John Austen, on the Baltic, East India, and Channel stations. Having passed his examination in 1809, he was at length promoted to the rank of Lieutenant by commission dated 10 Feb. 1815; and was subsequently appointed – 31 Oct. 1828, to the Coast Blockade, as Supernumerary-Lieutenant of the Ramillies 74, Capt. Hugh Pigot – 11 June, 1831, to the Coast Guard – 26 Sept. 1837, to the command of the Skylark revenue-cutter – and, 19 June, 1841, to the Pigmy steam-packet. He was superseded from the latter vessel in July, 1846.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Avarne, Isaac

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​AVARNE. (Lieutenant, 1824.)
Isaac Avarne died in 1845.
This officer entered the Navy, in Feb. 1810, as Midshipman, on board the Alexandria 32, Capt. John Quilliam, stationed on the Baltic. After serving with the same officer also in the Crescent 36, he became -successively attached, on the Home and Mediterranean stations, to the Royal Oak 74, flagship of Rear-Admirals Pulteney Malcolm and Lord Amelius Beauclerk, and Grasshopper 18, Capts. Hen. Robt. Battersby and Sir Chas. Burrard. Between 1816, in which year he passed his examination, and the date of his promotion, 17 April, 1824, Mr. Avarne appears to have been next employed, as Mate, on board the Wye 26, commanded in North America and the West Indies by Capt. John Harper, and Britannia 120, bearing the flag at Plymouth of Sir Alex. Cochrane. His subsequent appointments were – 24 July, 1824, to the Romney troop-ship, Capts. Wm. Jas. Mingaye and Nich. Lockyer, in which he visited the coasts of America and Africa, and also the Mediterranean – and, 30 April, 1827, again to the Britannia, bearing the flag of the Earl of Northesk. He went on half-pay in Feb. 1828, and did not afterwards go afloat. Agents – Messrs. Halford and Co.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Aylmer, John

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​AYLMER. (Retired Commander, 1836)
John Aylmer was discharged from the Royal Naval College 10 April, 1786. He was confirmed to a Lieutenancy, 9 Oct. 1801, in the Dragon 74, Capt. John Aylmer, then in the Mediterranean; and was afterwards successively appointed, on the Home and West India stations, to the Morgiana sloop. Diamond 38, Windsor Castle 98, Amethyst frigate, Aimable 32, Fisgard 38, Hercule 74, Ariadne 20, and Namur 74, Capts. Rainsford, Elphinstone, Albemarle Bertie, Alex. Campbell, Sir Wm. Bolton, Lord Mark Robt. Kerr, Jas. Rich. Dacres, Arthur Farquhar, and another. During the period of his attachment to the Ariadne, we find Mr. Aylmer assisting at the capture, in 1807, of the French privateers Le Trente et Quarante, of 16 guns and 65 men, and Le Chasseur, of 2 guns and 36 men. Having been on half-pay since 30 May, 1808, he at length accepted his present rank, 15 April, 1836. Agents – Hallett and Robinson.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Aynsley, Charles Murray

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​AYNSLEY. (Lieut., 1845. f-p., 12; h-p., 0.)
Charles Murray Aynsley entered the Navy in 1835; passed his examination 24 July, 1841; and after an intermediate servitude as Mate, on the South America and Mediterranean stations, of the Curaçoa 24, Capt. Jenkin Jones, and Scout 18, Capt. Hon. Jas. Robt. Drummond, was awarded a commission, dated 6 Dec. 1845. He has been since serving in the Terrible steam-frigate, Capt. Wm. Ramsay, attached to the Channel squadron.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Ayre, Charles

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​AYRE. (Lieutenant, 1815. f-p., 8; h-p., 32.)
Charles Ayre entered the Navy, 5 April, 1807, as Master’s Mate, on board the Hound sloop, Capt. Nich. Lockyer, and in that vessel was present at the embarkation of the Marquis de la Romana’s army at Nyeborg, in Aug. 1803. From Oct. 1809, until April, 1812, he served off Cherbourg and in the Downs on board the Naïad 38, Capts. Henry Hill and PhiUp Carteret; and then joining the Junon 38, Capts. Jas. Sanders and Clotworthy Upton, proceeded, as Acting-Lieutenant to North America, where he took part in many of the operations in the Chesapeake, and contributed to a victory gained by the Junon, Narcissus, and Barossa, over 15 of the enemy’s gun-boats whose discomfiture was accomplished after an action of three hours, in which the Junon had 2 men killed and 3 wounded, 20 June, 1813. He subsequently served on board the Mohawk sloop, Capt. Hen. Litchfield, and was Acting-Lieutenant of transports under Capt. Thos. Delafons, in the expedition to New Orleans. He obtained his official promotion 2 Nov. 1815, but has not since been afloat. Agent – Chippendale.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Ayscough, Hawkins Godolphin

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​AYSCOUGH. (Lieutenant, 1838.)
Hawkins Godolphin Ayscough is son of Rear-Admiral John Ayscough.
This officer was educated at the Royal Naval College He served for some time on the West India station, under the flag of Sir Edw. Griffith Colpoys; was employed in the North Sea during the revolution in the Netherlands; and, having passed his examination in 1834, was presented with a comission by Sir Geo. Cockburn, on that officer striking his flag as Commander-in-Chief in North America and the West Indies, 14 June, 1836. On 28 Dec. following (after an attachment of a few months to the Caledonia 120, flag-ship of Sir Josias Rowley in the Mediterranean, and Canopus 84, commanded by Capt. Hon. Josceline Percy, on the coast of Spain, during the Carlist insurrection), Mr. Ayscough joined the Barham 50, Capt. Armar Lowry Corry, in which ship he continued until 10 May, 1838. He has since been on half-pay.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Austin, William

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​AUSTIN. (Lieutenant, 1838.)
William Austin entered the Navy 7 Aug. 1823; passed his examination in 1830; and obtained his commission 2 Aug. 1838. His appointments have since been – 22 Jan. 1839, to the Acorn 16, Capt. John Adams, on the Africa station – 29 Oct. 1840, as First Lieutenant, to the Excellent gunnery-ship at Portsmouth, Capt. Sir Thos. Hastings – and, 4 March, 1845, in a similar capacity, to the Vulture steam-frigate, now employed in the East Indies. Agents – Messrs. Chard.
# A Dictionary of the Book of Mormon/Shemnon

​SHEMNON. One of the twelve Nephite Disciples, called and chosen by Jesus at the time of His visit to that people (A. C. 34). Shemnon was present near the temple in the land Bountiful when Jesus appeared, and was baptized by Nephi on the ​day following. He is not again mentioned by name in the sacred record.
# A Dictionary of the Book of Mormon/Shez

​SHEZ. A king of the Jaredites, the son of Heth. By reason of the great wickedness of the Jaredites in the days of Heth, the Lord permitted a severe famine to come upon them, by which the far greater portion of the people were destroyed. Of the royal family, all perished except Shez, who, when the crops again began to grow, commenced to build up this desolate race. He was a virtuous man, and taught his people righteousness, and the sun of prosperity shone upon them. His peace, however, was marred by the treason of his son Shez, who rebelled against him. This son, however, was slain by a robber, and peace was restored. In the later years of his lengthy reign, Shez built many cities, and the rapidly increasing people spread out in various directions. This moriarch lived to an exceeding old age, was blessed with numerous children, and when he died was succeeded on the throne by his son Riplakish, who was apparently the youngest of his family. (Ether, 10:1—4.)
# A Dictionary of the Book of Mormon/Shiblom

​SHIBLOM or SHIBLON. The son of Com; one of the later monarchs of the Jaredites. In his day, because of the iniquity of the people, many prophets appeared and foretold the woes that would mark the extinction of the race. Wars and grievous calamities also marked the reign of Shiblom. First, his brother inaugurated a bloody civil war, which extended throughout all the land. The wicked combinations, akin to the Gadianton robbers of the Nephites, did their part to render anarchy more complete. Famines and pestilence followed rapine, until "there was a great destruction, such an one as never had been known upon the face of the earth." In the extreme of their misery and degradation, the people began to repent and then the Lord had mercy upon them. Finally, Shiblom was slain and Seth, his son, was brought into captivity. Of Shiblom's private character we have no record; but his rebellious brother issued the infamous mandate that all the prophets who prophesied of the destruction of the people should be put to death. (Ether, 11:4—9.)
# A Dictionary of the Book of Mormon/Sheum

​SHEUM. A kind of grain. This name is singularly like the Hebrew snum (garlic), as found in Numbers, 11:5. Sheum is spoken of as being planted by the Nephites, in connection with wheat, barley and neas in the land of Lehi-Nephi (Mosiah, 9:9).
# A Dictionary of the Book of Mormon/Shez (II)

​SHEZ. A Jaredite prince, the eldest son of the king of the same name. He rose in rebellion against his father, but while thus traitorously ​engaged, a robber killed him in the endeavor to obtain some of his riches, which the Book of Ether informs us were great. (Ether, 10:3).