OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# A History of Hindu Chemistry Vol 1/The Ayurvedic Period/Chapter 3

CHAPTER III
Chemistry in the Bower Ms.
The Alkalies
The alkalies in the Bower Ms. are the two carbonates of potash and soda. (Yavakshāra and Sarjikākshāra)
Fumes of Horn
The fumes of horn are recommended as giving relief in hiccough. [Practically the same as "spirits of hartshorn."]
Kshārataila
"Oil, boiled with the ashes of long pepper, is a remedy for ear diseases" (Pt. ii. fasc. ii. p. 131). [Cf. The formula given in Chakrapāni (see p. 63)]
Formula for Hair-Dye
Sulphates of copper and iron, boiled with the oil of belleric myrobalans * * * are used as a ​remedy for turning grey hair into black (ibid; p. 162).
Rasayana Defined
It is called Rasāyana because it has a beneficial effect on Rasa or chyle and other elements of the body. Cf. p. 32.
The Doctrine of Bitumen
Bitumen is produced from the following four metals: Gold, copper, silver and iron. Gold and other metals in the mountains, when heated by the sun, emit their impurities, oil-like, heavy and clay-like: these are the bitumen.
A Linctus
With certain vegetable drugs and "riparian sulphide of antimony," a linctus is made up with honey into a paste. (Pt. ii. fasc. II. p. 123)
Formulæ for Eye-ointment
Red ochre, rasôt, galena, realgar, calx of brass (रीतिकुसुम) in equal parts...
With pepper and calx (of brass) one should boil gold on a slow fire together with clarified butter.
* ↑ The whole of this chapter, in a practically identical recension, is found in the Charaka. See Bower Ms., Pt. II., fasc.ii., ch. xii, p. 167.
* ↑ Srotaja anjana; it is one of the five kinds of anjana or substances used for collyriums. The word literally means produoed from a river, especially from the Yamuna. See Garbe's "Indische Mineralien," p. 54.
* ↑ The Bower Ms., Pt. I., verses 110 and 111.
# A Dictionary of the Booksellers and Printers who Were at Work in England, Scotland and Ireland from 1641 to 1667/Watkins (R.)

​WATKINS (R.), bookseller (?) in London (?) 1642. His name occurs on the imprint to a pamphlet entitled A True and Joyful Relation of Two famous Battels … Printed for R. Watkins, August 27th, 1642. [Hazlitt, ii. 516; iii. 290.]
# A Dictionary of the Booksellers and Printers who Were at Work in England, Scotland and Ireland from 1641 to 1667/Watson (Humphrey)

​WATSON (HUMPHREY), bookseller (?) in London (?) 1642. His name occurs on the imprint to a pamphlet entitled A True Relation of Two Merchants of London … Printed for Humphrey Watson, 1642. [Hazlitt, iii. 145.]
# A Dictionary of the Booksellers and Printers who Were at Work in England, Scotland and Ireland from 1641 to 1667/Waterson (John)

​WATERSON (JOHN), bookseller in London; Crown, at Cheap Gate in Pauls Churchyard (?), 1620-56. Son of Simon Waterson, 1585-1634. Took up his freedom June 27th, 1620. [Arber, iii. 688.] A dealer in plays, is believed to have given up business in 1641. Smyth in his Obituary, p. 41, under date February 10th, 1655/6, records: "John Waterson, once a bookseller, died." He left a son, Simon, who was apprenticed to John Williams, on September 1st, 1645, for seven years. [Register of Apprentices, Stationers' Hall.]
# A Dictionary of the Booksellers and Printers who Were at Work in England, Scotland and Ireland from 1641 to 1667/Watkins (Zachariah)

​WATKINS (ZACHARIAH), bookseller in London; Near Inner Temple Church, 1663. Advertisement in The Kingdoms Intelligencer, April 20th, 1663.
# A Dictionary of the Booksellers and Printers who Were at Work in England, Scotland and Ireland from 1641 to 1667/Waterson (Simon)

​WATERSON (SIMON), bookseller in London; Globe in St. Paul's Churchyard, 1656-7. Son of John Waterson, apprenticed to John Williams, q.v., on September 1st, 1645, for seven years. He was associated with Richard Clavell in publishing an edition of Camden's Remains, 1657. [G. 2925.]
# A Dictionary of the Booksellers and Printers who Were at Work in England, Scotland and Ireland from 1641 to 1667/Warwick (William)

​WARWICK (WILLIAM), bookseller (?) in Colchester (?), 1663. His name is found on the imprint to a pamphlet entitled: Some worthy proverbs left behind by Judith Zins-Penninck, To be read in the congregation of the saints … London, Printed for William Warwick, 1663. [B.M. 4152, c. 34.]
# A Dictionary of the Booksellers and Printers who Were at Work in England, Scotland and Ireland from 1641 to 1667/Watkis ( )

​WATKIS, bookseller in Shrewsbury, 1663. Mentioned in an advertisement of patent medicines in the news-sheets of this year.
# A Dictionary of the Booksellers and Printers who Were at Work in England, Scotland and Ireland from 1641 to 1667/Watson (Joseph)

​WATSON (JOSEPH), (?) bookseller in London, 1642. His name is found on the imprints to the following pamphlets: Parliaments last order and determination for the safety and security of Hull, 1642 [B.M. E. 108 (10)]; Portsmouth. New discovery of a design of the French, 1642. [Hazlitt, ii. 489.]
# A Dictionary of the Booksellers and Printers who Were at Work in England, Scotland and Ireland from 1641 to 1667/Watson (William)

​WATSON (WILLIAM), bookseller (?) in London (?), 1641. His name is found on the imprint to a pamphlet entitled Resolution of the Women of London, 1641. 4$^o$. [Hazlitt, i. 262.] A stationer of this name took up his freedom July 25th, 1624. [Arber, iii. 685.]
# A Dictionary of the Booksellers and Printers who Were at Work in England, Scotland and Ireland from 1641 to 1667/Wayte (Thomas)

​WAYTE (THOMAS), bookseller at York; The Pavement, 1653-95. Joined the Quakers about 1651, and acted as local agent for Friends' publications. Several tracts, all dated 1653, written by George Fox, Richard Farnsworth, James Nayler and William Tomlinson, have the imprint: "Printed for Tho. Wayte at his house in the Pavement in York," or "Printed for Thos. and are to be sold at his house, etc." Wayte's name occurs in a list of "dispersers of Quaker books," drawn up in 1664. He married the sister of Richard Smith, a tanner of York, and his house became a noted meeting place for Friends. Thomas Wayte died in 1695, six years after his wife. [The First Publishers of Truth, p. 318 n.]
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Maitland, William

Layout 4
​MAITLAND. (Commander, 1840.)
William Maitland died in Oct. 1846, in command of H.M. steam-sloop Spiteful.
This officer entered the Navy 4 Feb. 1819; passed his examination in 1825; obtained his first commission 13 June, 1827; and was appointed, on the Mediterranean station – 16 March, 1831, to the Barham 50, Capt. Hugh Pigot – 21 March, 1834, to the Britannia 120, Capt. Peter Rainier, which ship was paid off in the early part of 1835 – and, 12 April, 1839, as First-Lieutenant, to the Benbow 72, Capt. Houston Stewart. For his services in the latter ship, at the attack upon Tortosa (where he landed and obtained warm praise for his very gallant conduct) and the bombardment of St. Jean d’Acre, he was promoted to the rank of Commander 4 Nov. 1840. On 14 Dec. 1842 he assumed command of the Spiteful steam-sloop, which vessel, in July, 1846, bore the flag of Rear-Admiral Sir Thos. John Cochrane during an expedition against the Sultan of Borneo, whose forts and batteries in the river Brune were all destroyed. Agents – Hallett and Robinson.
* ↑ Vide Gaz. 1840, p. 2605.
* ↑ Vide Gaz. 1846, p. 3438.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Maling, Irwin

Layout 4
​MALING. (Lieutenant, 1829.)
Irwin Maling died 26 March, 1845, at sea, on board the brig Royalist, from Sierra Leone, aged 32, having invalided at that place from H.M. steam-frigate Penelope on 8 of the previous Feb.
This officer entered the Navy 2 Feb. 1823; passed his examination in 1831; obtained his commission 16 Dec. 1839; and was appointed – on 20 of the same month, as Additional, to the Princess Charlotte 104, flag-ship in the Mediterranean of Hon. Robt. Stopford – 14 March, 1840, to the Hydra steamer, of which vessel (commanded in the Mediterranean and in North America and the West Indies by Capts. Robt. Spencer Robinson and Alex. Murray) he became First-Lieutenant – and, 1 July, 1843, to the Penelope steam-frigate, bearing the broad pendant of Commodore Wm. Jones on the coast of Africa.
Agents – Messrs. Halford and Co.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Mallard, Charles

Layout 4
​MALLARD. (Lieut., 1821. f-p., 14; h-p., 26.)
Charles Mallard entered the Navy, 13 Nov. 1807, as Fst.-cl. Vol., on borad the Neptune 98, Capt. Sir Thos. Williams, attached to the Channel fleet; and from Nov. 1808 until March, 181S, was employed as Midshipman in the Ethalion frigate, Capt. Thos. John Cochrane (under whom he shared in a slight encounter with the French 40-gun frigate Amphitrite, and assisted at the reduction of Martinique and the Salutes), Hannibal 74, Royal George 100, and Hibernia 120, flag-ships of Admirals Sir Thos. Williams, Fras. Pickmore, and Sir Wm. Sidney Smith, Blake and Rippon 74’s, Capts. Edw. Codrington and Sir Christopher Cole, and Tonnant 80, bearing the flag of Sir Alex. Cochrane on the West India, Lisbon, Mediterranean, Home, and North American stations. In the Rippon he witnessed the capture, 21 Oct. 1813, of the French 44-gun frigate Le Weser. He returned home from America (after having acted for a short time as Lieutenant of the President frigate) in Sept. 1815 on board the Vengeur 74; and between that period and the date of his promotion to the rank of Lieutenant, 29 Jan. 1821, served as Admiralty Midshipman, chiefly on the South American station, in the Hyacinth 20, Capt. Alex. Robt. Sharpe, Lee 20, Capt. Stewart Blacker, and Superb 78, Commodore Sir Thos. Masterman Hardy. He has since been on half-pay. Agents- Messrs. Stilwell.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Maitland, William Heriot

Layout 4
​MAITLAND. (Commander, 1842. f-p., 12; h-p., 3.)
William Heriot Maitland, born 3 July, 1819, is second son of Jas. Maitland, Esq., of Rambrny, by Margaret, daughter of Wm. Dalgleish, Esq., of Scots-craig; and first-cousin of Commander Jas. Maitland, R.N.
This officer entered the Navy, 16 Oct. 1832, as Fst.-cl. Vol., on board the Castor 36, Capt. Lord John Hay, and in July, 1836, after having been employed on the Home station and off the north coast of Spain during the civil war, removed as ​Midshipman to the Vanguard 80, commanded in the Meditenanean by Capts. Hon. Buncombe Pleydell Bouverie and Sir Thos. Fellowes. Joining next, in June, 1837, the Wellesley 72, bearing the flag of his uncle, Sir Fred. Lewis Maitland, he served as Mate of that ship at the taking of Currachee in Feb. 1839, and in her boats in a skirmish at Bushehr, in the Persian Gulf, in April of the same year. His appointments as Lieutenant, a rank he attained on 6 of the month last mentioned, appear to have been – 10 July, 1839, to the Hyacinth 18, Capt. Wm. Warren – 23 June, 1840, again to the Wellesley, Capt. Thos. Maitland – 16 Oct. 1841, to the command of the Algerine 10 – and, 20 Sept. 1842, to the Blonde 42, Capt. Thos. Bourchier. In the Hyacinth Mr. Maitland was in action with the enemy’s junks at Chuenpee; and, when in the Wellesley, he assisted in demolishing the enemy’s fortifications at the latter place – landed, during the attack on the Bogue forts, in command, with Mr. W. H. Hall of the Nemesis, of a party of seamen and marines, and took possession of Little Tycocktow, spiking at the same time its guns, and destroying a neighbouring encampment – and united in the operations against Canton, Amoy, Chusan, Chinghae, and Ningpo. In the attack upon Amoy his skull was fractured and he was otherwise much injured. During his command of the Algerine we find him particularly mentioned for his conduct at the capture of Chapoo, where, after he had assisted in landing the troops, he accompanied them on their advance, and with his own hands slew two mandarins. He was also employed in the same vessel in surveying the Yang-tse-kiang, and was present in action with the Woosung batteries, and at the pacification of Nanking. On his return to England in the Blonde in March, 1843, Mr. Maitland found that his services had procured him a Commander’s commission dated 23 Dec. 1842. His last appointment was, 31 Jan. 1846, to the command of the Electra 14, fitting for the North America and West India station, where he remained until his health obliged him to invalid, in March, 1847. Agents – Messrs. Stilwell.
* ↑ Vide Gaz. 1842, p. 396.
* ↑ In allusion to the conduct of Lieut. Maitland on the occasion. Sir Wm. Parker, in his despatch, expresses himself thus: – “He bids fair to rival the gallantry of his lamented uncle, that bright ornament of his profession, the late Sir Frederic Maitland.” – Vide Gaz. 1842, p. 3693.
* ↑ Vide Gaz. 1842, pp. 3397, 3404.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Maitland, James

Layout 4
​MAITLAND. (Commander, 1836. f-p., 16; h-p., 13.)
James Maitland, born 18 April, 1806, is second surviving son of the late Chas. Maitland, Esq., of Rankeilour, co. Fife, by Mary, eldest daughter of David Johnston, Esq., of Latheisk, in the same shire. He is brother of Commander Lewis Maitland, R.N.; nephew of the late Rear-Admiral Sir Fred. Lewis Maitland, K.C.B., who made him his heir; first-cousin of the present Commander Wm. Heriot Maitland, R.N.; and cousin also of Rear-Admiral Hon. Sir Anthony Maitland, C.B., K.C.M.G., and Capt. Sir Thos. Maitland, R.N., Kt., C.B. His grandfather, Hon. Fred. Lewis Maitland, a Captain in the R.N., was son of Charles, sixth Earl of Lauderdale, and had one brother, Richard, a Colonel in the Army, and another, John, a Lieutenant-Colonel in the R.M. He commanded the Elizabeth 74 in Keppel and Rodney’s actions, and afterwards captured a French 64-gun ship.
This officer entered the Navy, 22 Dec. 1818, as Fst.-cl. Vol., on board the Vengeur 74, Capt. Fred. Lewis Maitland, and during the two following years was employed on the North Sea, South American, and Mediterranean stations. He then, until promoted to the rank of Lieutenant 10 July, 1826, served as Midshipman and Mate, again in South America, as also at Portsmouth and in the West Indies, in the Aurora 46, Capt. Henry Prescott, Ganges 84, Capt. Patrick Campbell, and Alligator 28. He next cruized for some months on the station last mentioned in the Ferret 10, Capt. Henry Gosset, and was subsequently appointed – 18 Jan. 1828, to the Tribune 42, Capts. John Wilson and John Alex. Duntze, attached to the force in the Pacific, whence he returned home at the close of 1831 – 17 Oct. 1832, to the Portsmouth yacht, as Flag-Lieutenant to his uncle. Sir F. L. Maitland, Admiral-Superintendent at that port – and 2 Sept. 1834, in a similar capacity, to the Thalia 46, bearing the flag at the Cape of Good Hope of Rear-Admiral Patrick Campbell. He went on half-pay in the summer of 1835, and has not been since afloat. He acquired his present rank 9 May, 1836.
Commander Maitland (the Senior of his rank on the List of 1836) married, first, in March, 1836, Emma, daughter of Thos. Magne Willing, Esq., of Philadelphia; and (that lady dying in June, 1838) secondly, 20 Aug. 1840, Frances Harriet, daughter of the late Rich. Sam. Short, Esq., of Edilngton Grove, Lincolnshire. Agents – Messrs. Stilwell.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Maitland, Lewis

Layout 4
​MAITLAND. (Commander, 1841. f-p., 19; h-p., 3.)
Lewis Maitland, born 12 April, 1811, is brother of Commander Jas. Maitland, R.N. ​This officer entered the Royal Naval College 28 Dec. 1825; and embarked, in March, 1827, as a Volunteer, on board the Wellesley 74, commanded by his uncle, Capt. Fred. Lewis Maitland, at first on the Lisbon, and then on the Mediterranean station, where, in July, 1830, two years after he had attained the rating of Midshipman, he removed to the Wasp 18, Capt. Brunswick Popham. Towards the close of 1831, after he had served for a few months in the Channel and North Sea in the Imogene, Capt. Price Blackwood, he sailed for the East Indies in the Melville 74, flag-ship of Sir John Gore. On his return in 1832 with the flag of Sir Edw. W. C. R. Owen in the Southampton 52, Capt. John Milligan Laws, we find him employed off Antwerp during the period of General Gerard’s attack on the citadel of that place. He next, in Jan. 1833 (in March of which year he passed his examination), joined the Castor 36, Capt. Lord John Hay, with whom he served off Lisbon and on the north coast of Spain until Jan. 1836. On leaving the latter vessel Mr. Maitland was placed under the orders of Capt. Peter John Douglas in the Melville 74, bearing the flag of Sir Peter Halkett in North America and the West Indies; and on again proceeding to the East Indies in the Wellesley 72, flag-ship of his relative Sir F. L. Maitland, he was by him nominated Lieutenant, in June, 1838, of the Favorite 18, Capt. Walter Croker – an act which the Admiralty sanctioned 15 Feb. 1839. Rejoining the Wellesley in the course of the same year in the capacity of Additional-Lieutenant, he served in her, under the broad pendant of Sir Gordon Bremer, at the capture of Chusan in July, 1840; after which, on becoming attached to the Samarang 28, Capt. Jas. Scott, he assisted in reducing the forts of the Boca Tigris, and in demolishing the works on the Canton river. He was also present, and gained the public acknowledgments of his Captain for the gallantry and zeal he displayed, at the forcing, by the Nemesis steamer and the boats of the Samarang, of the inner passage from Macao to Whampoa; during their advance on which latter place the British, between 3 a.m. on 13 and 4 p.m. on 15 March, 1841, destroyed five forts, one battery, two military stations, and nine war-junks, in which collectively were 115 guns and 8 ginjalls. On his return to England in the following summer he took up a Commander’s commission dated 15 Feb. 1841. He has been employed, since 3 July, 1844, in the Coast Guard service.
He married, 23 Nov. 1841, Henrietta Louisa, widow of the late W. Northage, Esq., jun., and second daughter of the late Sir John H. Newbolt, Chief Justice of Madras. Agents – Messrs. Stilwell.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Reed, Henry

​Reed, Henry (1808-1854).—Critic, was Prof. of English Literature in the Univ. of Pennsylvania. He d. in a shipwreck. He was a sympathetic and delicate critic, and was among the first of American men of letters to appreciate the genius of Wordsworth, of whose works he brought out an ed. in 1837. His lectures on English Literature, English History, and English Poets were pub.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Reid, Thomas

Reid, Thomas (1710-1796). — Philosopher, was the s. of the minister of Strachan, Kincardineshire, where he was b. His mother was one of the gifted family of the Gregorys. At the age of 12 he was sent to Marischal Coll., Aberdeen, where he graduated, and thereafter resided for some time as librarian, devoting himself to study, especially of mathematics and the Newtonian philosophy. He was in 1737 ordained minister of New Machar, Aberdeen, and in 1748 he communicated to the Royal Society an Essay on Quantity. Four years later he became one of the Prof. of Philosophy (including mathematics and natural philosophy) in King's Coll., Aberdeen, and in 1763 he was chosen to succeed Adam Smith as Prof. of Moral Philosophy in Glasgow. In the following year he pub. his great work, Inquiry into the Human Mind on the Principles of Common Sense, directed against Hume's Essay on Human Nature. Up to the appearance of the latter work in 1739 R. had been a follower of Berkeley, but the conclusions drawn therein from the idealistic philosophy led him to revise his theories, and to propound what is usually known as the "common sense" philosophy, by which term is meant the beliefs common to rational beings as such. In 1785 he pub. his Essay on the Intellectual Powers, which was followed in 1788 by that On the Active Powers. R., who, though below the middle size, was strong and fond of exercise, maintained his bodily and mental vigour until his death at 86. His writings, distinguished by logical rigour of method and clearness of style, exercised a profound influence in France as well as at home; but his attempted refutation of Berkeley is now generally considered to have failed.
Works ed. by Sir W. Hamilton and H.L. Mansel. Sketch by Prof. A.C. Fraser (1898).
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Rhodes, William Barnes

Rhodes, William Barnes (1772-1826). -- Dramatist, was in the Bank of England, of which he became Chief Teller. He wrote a burlesque, Bombastes Furioso, which achieved great popularity.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Reeve, Henry

Reeve, Henry (1813-1895). -- Editor, etc., s. of a physician, was on the staff of the Times, the foreign policy of which he influenced for many years. He was ed. of the Edinburgh Review 1855-95, and of the Greville Memoirs 1865. He held a leading place in society, and had an unusually wide acquaintance with men of letters all over the continent.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Reid, Mayne

Reid, Mayne (1818-1883). -- Novelist, b. in the north of Ireland, he set off at the age of 20 for Mexico to push his fortunes, and went through many adventures, including service in the Mexican War. He also was for a short time settled in Philadelphia engaged in literary work. Returning to this country he began a long series of novels of adventure with The Rifle Rangers (1849). The others include The Scalp Hunters, Boy Hunters, and Young Voyagers, and had great popularity, especially with boys.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Reid, Sir Thomas Wemyss

Reid, Sir Thomas Wemyss (1842-1905). — Novelist and biographer, b. at Newcastle, and after being connected with various provincial newspapers came to London in 1887 as manager for Cassell page 317and Co. Thereafter he was, 1890-99, ed. of The Speaker. Among his more permanent writings are The Land of the Bey (1882), Gladys Fane (1883), and Lives of W.E. Forster (1888), and Lords Houghton (1891), and Playfair (1899), and William Black (1902). He was knighted in 1894.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Rice, James

Rice, James (1844-1882). -- Novelist, was ed. at Camb., and studied law, from which he drifted into literature. He wrote a number of successful novels in collaboration with W. Besant (q.v.).
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Reeve, Clara

Reeve, Clara (1729-1807). -- Novelist, was the author of several novels, of which only one is remembered -- The Old English Baron (1777), written in imitation of, or rivalry with, H. Walpole's Castle of Otranto, with which it has often been printed.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Reynolds, Sir Joshua

Reynolds, Sir Joshua (1723-1792). -- Painter and writer on art, s. of a clergyman and schoolmaster at Plympton, Devonshire. After studying art in Italy, he settled in London, where he attained extraordinary fame as a portrait-painter. He is regarded as the greatest English representative of that art, and was first Pres. of the Royal Academy. He was the intimate friend of Johnson, Burke, Goldsmith, and indeed of most of the celebrated men of his time. He has also a place in literature for his Fifteen Discourses on painting, delivered to the Academy. He also contributed to the Idler, and translated Du Fresney's Art of Painting. He suffered from deafness, and in his latter years from failure of sight. He was a man of great worth and amiability. He was knighted in 1769.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Ricardo, David

Ricardo, David (1772-1823). -- Political economist, s. of a Jewish stockbroker, himself followed the same business, in which he acquired a large fortune. On his marriage he conformed to Christianity. He was an original and powerful writer on economic subjects, his chief work being The Principles of Political Economy and Taxation (1817). After retiring from business he entered the House of Commons, where, owing to his remarkable power of lucid exposition, combined with his reputation as a highly successful man of business, he acquired great influence. The writings of R. are among the classics of his subject.