OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Brasyer, Jeremiah

Layout 2
​BRASYER, JEREMIAH (1812–1897)
Colonel: brought up as a gardener in Kent: enlisted in the Bengal Artillery, 1833: Sergt-Major, 26th regt., Bengal N.I. Sept., 1839: served in the Afghan war, 1842: at the forcing of the Khyber: at Mamu Kheyl, Jagdalak, Haft Kotal, Tezin, with the Artillery: in the Sikh campaigns: at Mudki, Firozshahr and Sobraon, with the 26th N.I.: Ensign, 1846: interpreter to the Firozpur regt. of Sikhs, and commanded them, "Brasyer's Sikhs" in the mutiny, 1857–8: with his regt. as the sole garrison, he held the fortress of Allahabad, the key of Upper India, at the most critical moment: through his energy and resolute attitude, his Sikhs remained loyal: "no man risen from the ranks has ever done a deed evincing such force of character and desperate resolution, and securing such invaluable results": at the capture of Lucknow, March, 1858: Lt-Colonel and CB., 1858: retired Oct. 1861: died March 15, 1897.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Bradshaw, John

Layout 2
​BRADSHAW, JOHN (1845–1894)
Born June 4, 1845: son of Rev. William Hanna Bradshaw, A.M., Rector of Kilsheery: educated at Enniskillen Royal School, at Portora, and Trinity College, Dublin: Senior Moderator in History, Literature, and Law, T.C.D.: appointed Head-master of Bishop Corrie's Grammar School, Madras, 1868: and of the Provincial School, Mangalore, 1870: Inspector of Schools, 1872: Fellow, Madras University, 1875: he was essentially an educationalist: his knowledge and experience were exceptional: his life work was an endeavour to place native education on a sound basis: edited many works for Middle and High Schools: besides An English Anthology, 1885, Milton and Gray for the Aldine Poets, Chesterfield's Letters, etc.: and the Life of Sir Thomas Munro, for the Rulers of India series: died at Madras, Jan. 5, 1894.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Brandis, Sir Dietrich

Layout 2
​BRANDIS, SIR DIETRICH (1824–)
Born 1824: educated at the Universities of Copenhagen, Gottingen and Bonn: lecturer on Botany at Bonn, 1849: joined the Indian Forest Department in 1856: Inspr-General of Forests, 1864: C.I.E., 1878: retired, 1883: Member of the Board of Visitors of Cooper's Hill College, 1886: K.C.I.E., 1887: author of the Forest Flora of N.W. and Central India 1874: Director of the practical course of forestry on the Continent in connexion with Cooper's Hill College, 1887–96.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Branfoot, Arthur Mudge

Layout 2
​BRANFOOT, ARTHUR MUDGE (1848–)
Born Feb. 29, 1848: son of Jonathan Haigh Branfoot, M.D.: educated at Epsom College, and Guy's Hospital: entered the I.M.S., 1872: held various civil appointments connected with the Madras Medical College, 1872–9: Professor of Midwifery there, and Superintendent Madras Government Maternity Hospital, 1879–98: C.I.E., 1898: P.M.O., Rangoon and Bangalore, 1898–1903: retired, 1903: President, Medical Board, India Office, 1904: contributed to medical journals and societies.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Briggs, John

Layout 2
​BRIGGS, JOHN (1785–1875)
Entered the E.I. Co.'s Madras Army in 1801: served in the Mahratta wars: accompanied Sir J . Malcolm on his mission to Persia, 1810: became Resident at Satara, and in 1831 was Senior Member of the Board of Administration of Mysore: resigned in 1832, and was Resident at Nagpur, 1832–5, when he retired: Maj-General, 1838. As Member of the Court of Proprietors of the E.I. Co., he opposed Lord Dalhousie's policy: he translated Ferishta's Muhammadan Power in India and the Siyar-ul-muta' akhkhirin from Persian into English: was F.R.S.: died April 27, 1875.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Bradford, Sir Edward Ridley Colborne, Baronet

Layout 2
​BRADFORD, SIR EDWARD RIDLEY COLBORNE, BARONET (1836–)
Born July 27, 1836: son of Rev. W. M. K. Bradford: educated at Marlborough: entered the Madras Army, 1854: Colonel in 1884: served in the Persian campaign, 1856–7: in the Indian mutiny, in the N.W. Provinces, 1858–9: commanded a regt. of the Central India Horse, 1860: entered the Political Department: General Superintendent for suppressing Thagi and Dakaiti, 1874: attended H.R.H. the Prince of Wales on his tour in India, 1875–6: Agent to the Governor-General for Rajputana: Secretary in the Political and Secret Department, India Office, 1887: accompanied H.R.H, Prince Edward, (Duke of Clarence, on his tour in India, 1889–90: A.D.C. to the Queen, 1889–93: Chief Commissioner of Police in the Metropolis, 1890–1903: K.C.S.I., 1885: G.C.B.: G.C.V.O., 1902: Extra Equerry to the King, 1902: Baronet, 1902.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Breeks, James Wilkinson

Layout 2
​BREEKS, JAMES WILKINSON (1830–1872)
I.C.S.: born March 5, 1830: arrived at Madras in 1849: was Private Secretary to the Governor of Madras, Sir W. Denison, 1861–64, accompanying him to Calcutta when he acted as Governor-General, between Lord Elgin and Sir John Lawrence. In 1867 Breeks was appointed Commissioner of the Nilgiris: in 1871 he was called upon to make collections of objects among the aboriginal tribes for the Indian Museum, Calcutta: he fell ill and died June 7, 1872: he wrote a valuable report on the tribes and sepulchral monuments of the Nilgiris, published under the editorship of his widow in 1873.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Bradford, Sir Thomas

Layout 2
​BRADFORD, SIR THOMAS (1777–1853)
Son of Thomas Bradford: born Dec. 1, 1777: entered the Army, 1793: served in Ireland, Scotland, S. America, the Peninsula: commanded the Portuguese Division at Vittoria in 1813 as Maj-General: K.C.B., 1814: held commands in France and Scotland: was C. in C. in Bombay, 1825–9: G.C.B., 1838: General, 1841: died Nov. 28, 1853.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Briggs, Henry George

Layout 2
​BRIGGS, HENRY GEORGE (1824–1872)
Born in Bombay, Oct. 20, 1824: son of Henry Briggs: travelled in S. Africa, 1843: in China, 1845: settled in Bombay, 1846, in the ofifice of Briggs & Co.: served in the Bombay Secretariat: went to Karachi: edited, 1854, the Sindian, and, 1855, the Sind Kossid, both long since defunct: became, 1856, Assistant Secretary at Bombay to the G.I.P. Railway: Secretary to the Bombay Municipality, 1860–2: was a merchant and agent at Bombay and Hingolee, 1863: he wrote, 1849, Cities of Gujdrashtra, a book of travel in Gujarat, containing curious information gleaned from travellers in India: of whose rare works he made an extensive collection: published The Parsis or Modern Zardushtians, 1852, which has now been superseded: wrote an historical account of the Nizam, 1861, a valuable work containing special information. His firm failed in the share mania of 1865; he travelled in Gujarat, and settled in Calcutta, entering the P.W.D. there: in May, 1872, he went again to Bombay; died there July 4, 1872.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Brathwaite, Sir John

Layout 2
​BRATHWAITE, SIR JOHN ( ? - ? )
A noted officer in the Indian wars during the latter part of the 18th century: ​as Major, 1772, he marched against the Poligars of Madura and Tinnevelly: Lt-Colonel: captured, 1779, the French settlement of Mahe: took an active part in the war with Hyder Ali: in 1780, Colonel, and in command of the troops in Tanjore: his defeat by Tippoo near Annagudi in 1782 was a serious blow to the Southern Army: he himself was wounded and taken prisoner, but released on the conclusion of peace in 1784: held high command in the Madras Army, 1792: when war broke out with the French Republic, Brathwaite took Pondicherry, 1793: Maj-General in 1800.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Dermody, Thomas

​DERMODY, THOMAS (1775–1802), poet, was born at Ennis, co. Clare, Ireland, in January 1775. His father kept at the time a school in Ennis, where the son was educated. He is said to have been employed as classical assistant in the school when only nine years old, and showed precocious talents, especially for poetry. His father, a man of ability and learning, unfortunately took to drink. Dermody became vain and unsettled, and, resolving to seek his own fortunes, ran away to Dublin. He arrived there without a penny, and gladly accepted employment from the keeper of a bookstall. He soon managed, however, to make himself known to several persons of good position in society. He was specially noticed by the Rev. Gilbert Austin (then the principal of a school near Dublin), who made a selection of Dermody's poems for the press, and published the book at his own expense. With the help of a subscription Dermody was placed beyond immediate distress. Unfortunately he abandoned himself to vice, saying, ‘I am vicious because I like it.’ In spite of benevolent attempts to raise him, he sank into degradation. A generous proposal to defray the expenses of a college education proved of no avail. He enlisted in the 108th regiment of the line, and under military discipline behaved well for a time; he was raised to the rank of sergeant, and having obtained a commission as second lieutenant in the wagon corps, he served abroad with distinction, was wounded, and, returning with his regiment to England, was placed on half-pay. But it was only to relapse into his former habits. Worn out in body with disease and privations, and weakened in intellect, he died in a wretched hovel near Sydenham, Kent, 15 July 1802, and was buried in Lewisham churchyard, where there is a monument to his memory.
A small collection of his poems was published, as already mentioned, in 1792. In the following year he produced a pamphlet on the French revolution, entitled ‘The Rights of Justice, or Rational Liberty,’ to which was annexed a poem entitled ‘The Reform.’ ‘Poems Moral and Descriptive,’ London, 1800, and ‘Poems on various Subjects,’ 1802, appeared during his lifetime. In 1807, five years after his death, ‘The Harp of Erin, or the Poetical Works of the late Thomas Dermody,’ 2 vols. 8vo, comprising a complete collection of his poems, was published, under the editorship of James Grant Raymond. To the same author is due the publication of a memoir.
B. H. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Derby, William

​DERBY, WILLIAM (1786–1847), water-colour painter, was born at Birmingham on 10 Jan. 1786. He learned the rudiments of drawing in his native town from Joseph Barber [q. v.], the father of John Vincent Barber, the landscape-painter. In 1808 he came to London, diffident of his own abilities, and commenced his career by engaging to make the reduced drawings for the plates of the ‘Stafford Gallery.’ With indefatigable diligence he pursued portrait and miniature painting, and occasionally made water-colour copies of fine pictures, until 1825, when he succeeded William Hilton, R.A., in making the drawings for Lodge's ‘Portraits of Illustrious Personages of Great Britain,’ completed in 1834. The originals of these portraits were scattered through various galleries in the United Kingdom, and Derby thus obtained many valuable introductions. Among his patrons was the Earl of Derby, whose portrait he painted, and by whom he was commissioned to make water-colour drawings of the portraits of his ancestors from the reign of Henry VII, which exist in different collections throughout the country. This interesting series of drawings is now at Knowsley Hall. In 1838 a severe attack of paralysis deprived him of speech and the use of one side, but in a few months he rallied and with the assistance of his son, Alfred Thomas [q. v.], resumed his work with undiminished power. One of the most beautiful of his drawings was a copy in water-colours of Landseer's ‘Return from the Highlands,’ the original of which is in the collection of the Marquis of Lansdowne at Bowood. Between 1811 and 1842 he exhibited eighty portraits in oil, subjects of still life, and miniatures at the Royal ​Academy (chiefly), at the British Institution, and at the Society of British Artists. As an artist he possessed powers of considerable range, but these appear to most advantage in his exquisite water-colour copies, in which, while not neglecting details, he caught the spirit of each particular master.
He died in Osnaburgh Street, Regent's Park, London, 1 Jan. 1847. He was independent in character, courteous in manners, and ardent in the pursuit of art, and by patient industry he secured an honourable position. There are two studies by him in water-colours, ‘A Fisherman’ and ‘A Man holding a Book,’ in the South Kensington Museum. Some miniatures of the Stanley family and a drawing from life in water-colours of John Flaxman, the sculptor, were in the Loan Exhibition of Portrait Miniatures at South Kensington in 1865. Portraits in oil of George, third earl of Egremont; Edward, thirteenth earl of Derby; and James Scarlett, first lord Abinger, were in the National Portrait Exhibition of 1868.
[Memoir by Peter Hollins, the sculptor, in Art Journal, 1847, p. 88, reprinted in Gent. Mag. 1847, i. 668; Catalogues of the Exhibitions of the Royal Academy, British Institution (Living Artists), and Society of British Artists, 1811–42.]
R. E. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Derham, Samuel

​DERHAM, SAMUEL (1655–1689), physician, was born in 1655 at Weston, near Campden, Gloucestershire, being the son of William Derham of that place. He entered as a student of Magdalen Hall, Oxford, in Michaelmas term 1672, when he was seventeen years old. He took the degree of B.A. on 13 June 1676, that of M.A. on 3 May 1679, was made M.B. on 9 Feb. 1681, and passed M.D. on 18 Jan. 1687. He began the practice of medicine before he attained to the last-named honour, and in 1685 distinguished himself by publishing an account of the chalybeate waters at Ilmington in Warwickshire, which he strongly and successfully recommended as a cure for scrofulous complaints. The place became in consequence a fashionable health resort, and Lord Capell, the landowner there, encouraged visitors by presenting the land surrounding the well to the public. Derham seemed on the way to eminence in his profession when he was suddenly cut off, in the prime of his life, by small-pox, dying in his house at Oxford on 26 Aug. 1689. He was buried in his parish church, St. Michael's, at the upper end of the north chancel.
The title of the book he published is: ‘Hydrologia Philosophica; or, an Account of Ilmington Waters in Warwickshire, with directions for drinking of the same,’ 8vo, Oxford, 1685. Annexed to this publication is a treatise entitled ‘Experimental Observations touching the original of Compound Bodies.’
[Wood's Athenæ, iv. col. 265; Wood's Fasti, ii. cols. 353, 369, 380, 400; Dugdale's Warwickshire (1730), i. 631.]
R. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Derby, Alfred Thomas

​DERBY, ALFRED THOMAS (1821–1873), painter, the eldest son of William Derby [q. v.], was born in London on 21 Jan. 1821. He was educated at Mr. Wyand's school in the Hampstead Road, and among his school-fellows were Henry Thomas Buckle, Frederick and Edward A. Goodall, and Percy St. John. After studying in the schools of the Royal Academy, he painted portraits and scenes from the novels of Sir Walter Scott, until the failing health of his father made it necessary that the son should assist him in his water-colour copies from the works of Landseer and others. Thenceforward he confined his art to water-colours and produced many highly finished drawings, sometimes original works, but more frequently copies from the paintings of well-known masters, such as Webster's ‘Slide,’ and Gainsborough's portrait of Mrs. Graham in the National Gallery of Scotland, the copy of which was in the Loan Exhibition of Portrait Miniatures at South Kensington in 1865. His works, chiefly portraits and figure subjects, appeared occasionally at the Royal Academy and other exhibitions in London from 1839 to 1872. Some are in the royal and in private collections of this country, and others are in America. His diffidence and the delicacy of his constitution somewhat hindered his success. After two years of increasing ill-health he died 19 April 1873. He left a small collection of highly finished drawings from portraits, which was sold at Christie's 23 Feb. 1874.
R. E. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Derham, William (1702-1757)

​DERHAM, WILLIAM, D.D. (1702–1757), president of St. John's College, Oxford, son of William Derham [q. v.], was born at Upminster in 1702, entered Merchant Taylors' School in 1714, proceeded to St. John's College, Oxford, in 1721, was elected fellow of the college in 1724, graduated B.A. in 1725, and M.A. in 1729, was junior proctor in 1736, and elected Whyte's Professor of Moral Philosophy on 7 Feb. 1737, graduated B.D. the same year, took holy orders and the degree of D.D. in 1742, and was elected president of St. John's in 1748. His term of office was uneventful. He occupied his leisure time in making a neat transcript of the earlier records belonging to the college, which seems to indicate a certain taste for antiquarian research. He died on 17 July 1757, and was buried in the college chapel. His epitaph ascribes to him most of the virtues.
[Robinson's Merchant Taylors' Reg. ii. 40; Wood's Hist. and Ant. Oxford (Gutch), ii. pt. ii. 876; iv. 546, 558; Le Neve's Fasti Eccl. Angl.; Grad. Oxon.; information from the Rev. R. Ewing, M.A., tutor of St. John's Coll., Oxford.]
J. M. R.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hope, Frederick William

​HOPE, FREDERICK WILLIAM (1797–1862), entomologist and collector, son of John Thomas Hope and Ellen, only child of Sir Thomas Edwardes, bart., was born in London on 3 Jan. 1797. He graduated B.A. at Christ Church, Oxford, in 1820, M.A. in 1823, and took holy orders, becoming for a time curate of Frodesley in Shropshire. He devoted himself to the study of entomology, and, having large means, accumulated a great collection of insects, which he gave to the university of Oxford in 1849. At the same time he founded a professorship of zoology, and nominated Mr. J. O. Westwood to that office, as well as to the curatorship of his collection. For many years he added to the Oxford collections both entomological and general zoological specimens. He also collected engraved portraits of naturalists, and extended his collection of prints till he had amassed 140,000 portraits, 70,000 topographical engravings, and more than 20,000 engravings in natural history. These were all given to Oxford University. He was early elected a fellow of the Royal and Linnean Societies, and took an active part in founding the Zoological and Entomological Societies. He was president of the Entomological Society in 1835 and in 1846. His correspondence with naturalists was extensive, and he rendered valuable assistance to the works of Gravenhorst, Schonherr, Gory, Kirby, Yarrell, and others. Of somewhat weak constitution, he was compelled to reside during a great part of each year from 1849 onwards on the Mediterranean, where he paid much attention to fishes and crustacea. In 1855 the university of Oxford conferred on him the honorary degree of D.C.L. He died in London 15 April 1862, aged 65. His widow, in pursuance of his intentions, gave an additional endowment to the professorship which he had founded, and a stipend for a keeper of his collection of engraved portraits. In addition to about sixty separate papers on entomological subjects, chiefly in the Entomological Society's ‘Transactions,’ Hope wrote the ‘Coleopterist's Manual,’ in 3 pts., London, 1837–40.
[Gent. Mag. 1862, i. 785–8; obituary notice (by T. J. Pettigrew) prefixed to Thesaurus Entomologicus Oxon., illustrating Hope's collection, by J. O. Westwood, Oxf. 1874.]
G. T. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hope, James Archibald

​HOPE, Sir JAMES ARCHIBALD (1785–1871), general, son of Lieutenant-colonel Erskine Hope, 26th (Cameronians) regiment of foot, and great-grandson of Sir Thomas Hope, eighth baronet of Craighall, Fifeshire, was born in 1785, and in January 1800 was appointed ensign in the 26th Cameronians, then at Halifax, Nova Scotia, of which his father was junior major. He became lieutenant in the regiment in 1801, and captain in 1805. He served with his regiment in Hanover in 1805–6, was a deputy assistant adjutant-general under Lord Cathcart at Copenhagen in 1807, and on the staff of Sir John Hope, afterwards fourth earl of Hopetoun [q. v.], in Sweden in 1808, in Spain in 1808–9—including the actions at Lugo and Corunna—and in the Walcheren expedition. He was aide-de-camp to General Graham [see Graham, Thomas, Lord Lynedoch] at Barossa, and brought home the despatches and the ‘eagle’ captured by the 87th regiment (Gurwood, Well. Desp. iv. 698). He was afterwards with Graham at Ciudad Rodrigo and before Badajoz. When Graham went home on sick leave during Wellington's advance against the forts of Salamanca, Hope was appointed an assistant adjutant-general, in which capacity he was present at Salamanca, Burgos, Vittoria, St. Sebastian, and the passage of the Bidassoa. He was afterwards selected, while attached to the 7th division, to act as assistant adjutant-general and military secretary to Marshal Beresford, who was in command of an army corps of three divisions. With this army corps Hope made the concluding campaigns, including the actions of the Nivelle, Nive, Orthez, and Toulouse. He was made a brevet-major in March 1811, and lieutenant-colonel January 1813, and was promoted on 25 July 1814 from the Cameronians to be captain and lieutenant-colonel 3rd foot guards (now Scots Guards). In that regiment he served twenty-five years, retiring on half-pay unattached on 1 Nov. 1839. He became brevet-colonel in 1830, a major-general in 1841, was employed as major-general on the staff in Lower Canada 1841–7, was appointed colonel 9th foot in 1848, and became lieutenant-general in 1851, and general in 1859.
Hope was a G.C.B., and had the Peninsular gold cross and clasp for Vittoria, Nivelle, Nive, Orthes, and Toulouse, and the Peninsular medal with clasps for Corunna, Barossa, Ciudad Rodrigo, Badajoz, and Salamanca. He was married, and had three children. He died at his residence, Balgowan House, Cheltenham, on 30 Dec. 1871, aged 86.
[Foster's Baronetage, under ‘Hope of Craighall;’ London Gazette; Hart's Army Lists; Times newspaper, January 1872.]
H. M. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hope, George

​HOPE, GEORGE (1811–1876), agriculturist, second son of Robert Hope, tenant farmer, East Lothian, was born at Fenton in that county, 2 Jan. 1811. He was educated at Dirleton parish school, spent four years in a ‘writer's’ office at Haddington, and then began to assist his father in farming. He spent all but the last three years of his life as a farmer in his native county, and did much by his skill as a practical agriculturist to improve the agricultural position of East Lothian. Hope's holding, Fenton Barns, was known in agricultural circles in America and on the continent as a model of what a farm should be. In 1875 Hope's landlord refused ​to renew his lease, and he left Fenton Barns, which had been occupied by his family for three generations, for Broadlands, a small estate which he had purchased in Berwickshire.
Hope was an ardent unitarian and a great supporter of that body in Scotland. He was much opposed to the corn laws, gaining a prize of 30l. offered by the Anti-Cornlaw League for an essay on the subject (published with two others in 1842), was a personal friend of Cobden and Bright, and did much to help the abolition movement in Scotland. He was also opposed to the law of hypothec and the game laws. He stood twice for parliament, in 1865 for Haddingtonshire, and in 1875 for East Aberdeenshire. In both cases he was defeated by decided majorities, a fact partly attributed to the strong local influence of his opponent in the first case, and to his heterodox religious opinions (which he did not attempt to hide) in the second. He died at Broadlands, 1 Dec. 1876, and was buried at Dirleton, near Fenton Barns. Hope was married and had a family. Besides the essay mentioned he contributed ‘Hindrances to Agriculture from a Tenant Farmer's point of view’ to ‘Recess Studies,’ edited by Sir A. Grant (Edinburgh, 1870).
[Memoir by Hope's daughter, Edinburgh, 1881; personal knowledge.]
F. W-t.