OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Simpson, James (1781-1853)

​SIMPSON, JAMES (1781–1853), advocate and author, born in Edinburgh in 1781, was the son of William Simpson, minister of the Tron Church, Edinburgh, by his wife Jean Douglas Balderston. His grandfather James, and great-grandfather, John Simpson, were likewise ministers of the Scottish church. James was called to the bar in 1801. In earlier life he was acquainted with Sir Walter Scott, and was one of those to whose criticism ‘Waverley’ was submitted before publication (Lockhart, Life of Scott, ed. 1845, p. 255). In 1815 he visited Waterloo immediately after the defeat of the French, and thence proceeded to Paris, at that time in the hands of the allies. In the same year he published a vivid description of the scenes in the neighbourhood of the battlefield, entitled ‘A Visit to Flanders and the Field of Waterloo,’ Edinburgh, 1815, which rapidly went through nine editions. In 1853 he published an account of his experiences at Paris, under the title ‘Paris after Waterloo,’ which included a tenth edition of his former work. His impressions of Paris are equally fascinating, and include some interesting recollections of Sir Walter Scott. In 1823 Simpson was associated with George Combe [q. v.] and his brother in establishing the ‘Phrenological Journal,’ to which he was a constant contributor till it ceased to appear in 1847.
He took a deep interest in the agitation in favour of better elementary education. He was one of the founders of the Edinburgh modern infant school, in which he endeavoured to solve the problem of religious education by permitting the parents to select the religious instructors themselves. Failing to receive adequate support, however, the school was ultimately sold to the kirk session of New Greyfriars. Simpson continued devoted to the cause of non-sectarian education, and lectured on its behalf in many of the principal towns of England and Scotland. In 1837 he appeared as a witness before the committee of the House of Commons on national education in Ireland, and his examination lasted seven days. He died on 2 Sept. 1853, at his house, 33 Northumberland Avenue, Edinburgh.
Besides the works mentioned Simpson was the author of: 1. ‘Letters to Sir Walter Scott on the Effects of the Visit to Scotland of George IV,’ Edinburgh, 1822, 8vo. 2. ‘Hints on the Principles of a Constitutional Police,’ Edinburgh, 1822, 8vo. 3. ‘The State of the Representation of Edinburgh in Parliament,’ Edinburgh, 1824, 8vo. 4. ‘Necessity of Popular Education as a National Object,’ Edinburgh, 1834, 8vo. 5. ‘The Philosophy of Education,’ Edinburgh, 1836, 12mo. 6. ‘Lectures to the Working Classes,’ Edinburgh, 1844, 8vo. An essay of his ‘On the Means of elevating the Profession of Educator in Public Estimation’ was published in the ‘Educator,’ London, 1839, 12mo, a collection of essays written for a prize offered by the Central Society of Education.
E. I. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Simpson, Nathaniel

​SIMPSON, NATHANIEL (1599–1642), mathematician, born at Skipton in Yorkshire in 1599, was probably a member of the family of Simpson of Havery Park. He entered Trinity College, Oxford, matriculating on 10 May 1616, and graduating B.A. on 25 Nov. 1619, and M.A. on 26 May 1623. In 1630 Simpson was created a fellow of the college, and in the following year took the degree of B.D. He died, unmarried, on 23 Oct. 1642.
In 1622 he published a work entitled ‘Arithmeticæ Compendium,’ for the use of ​the juniors of the college. It is exceedingly scarce. The British Museum possessed a copy, but it has been missing since 1893.
[Wood's Athenæ Oxon. ed. Bliss, iii. 37; Foster's Alumni Oxon. 1500–1714, iv. 1358; Notes and Queries, 6th ser. iv. 250, 416.]
E. I. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Mangey, Thomas

​ MANGEY, THOMAS (1688–1755), divine, son of Arthur Mangey, a goldsmith of Leeds, was born in 1688. He was educated at the Leeds free school, and was admitted as subsizar to St. John's College, Cambridge, 28 June 1704, at the age of sixteen. He graduated B.A. in 1707 and M.A. in 1711, and was admitted a fellow of St. John's 5 April 1715. In 1716 he is described on the title-page of one of his sermons as chaplain at Whitehall. In 1718 he resigned his fellowship. In 1719 or earlier he was chaplain to the Bishop of London, Dr. John Robinson (1714-23). In 1719 he also proceeded LL.D., and in July 1725 D.D., being one of the seven who then received their doctorate at the hands of Dr. Bentley. As deputy to Dr. Lupton, preacher of Lincoln's Inn (who died in December 1726), he delivered a series of discourses on the Lord's Prayer, of which a second edition appeared in 1717. From 1717 to 1719-20 he held the rectory of St. Nicholas, Guildford (Manning, Surrey, i. 69), and subsequently the vicarage of Ealing, Middlesex, which he resigned in 1754, and the rectory of St. Mildred's, Bread Street, which he retained till his death. In May 1721 he was presented to the fifth stall in Durham Cathedral, and promoted from that to the first in January 1722. Mangey died at Durham, 6 March 1755, and was buried in the east transept of his cathedral. He married Dorothy, a daughter of Dr. John Sharpe, archbishop of York, by whom he left a son, John, afterwards vicar of Dunmow, Essex, and prebendary of St. Paul's, who died in 1782. His widow survived him till 1780.
Mangey was an active and prolific writer. His great work was his edition of Philo Judaeus, 'Philonis Judaei Opera . . . typis Gulielmi Bowyer,' 2 vols. fol. London, 1742, in which Harwood professed to detect many inaccuracies, but which Dr. Edersheim spoke of as still, on the whole, the best. Some voluminous materials collected by Mangey for this edition are in the Additional and Egerton MSS. in the British Museum, Nos. 6447-50 and 6457. He also made collations of the text of the Greek Testament (Addit. and Egerton MSS. 6441-5); while his critical notes and adversaria on Diodorus Siculus and other classical authors occupy Nos. 6425-9, 6459, and other volumes of the same collection.
His printed works, besides the 'Philo,' are chiefly sermons, and polemical treatises against Toland and Whiston. One volume of collected sermons by him was published in 1732. His 'Remarks upon "Nazarenus," wherein the Falsity of Mr. Toland's Mahometan Gospel. &c., are set forth,' 1719, called forth more than one rejoinder. Toland replied to it the year after in his 'Tetradymus.' Another of his treatises, 'Plain Notions of our Lord's Divinity,' also published in 1719, was answered the same year by 'Phileleutherus Cantabrigiensis,' i.e. Thomas Herne [q. v.]
J. H. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Mangles, James

​MANGLES, JAMES (1786–1867), captain in the navy and traveller, entered the navy in March 1800, on board the Maidstone frigate, with Captain Ross Donnelly, whom in 1801 he followed to the Narcissus. After active service on the coast of France, at the reduction of the Cape of Good Hope, and in the Rio de la Plata, he was, on 24 Sept. 1806, promoted to be lieutenant of the Penelope, in which, in February 1809, he was present at the reduction of Martinique. In 1811 he was appointed to the Boyne, and in 1812 to the Ville de Paris, flagship in the Channel of Sir Harry Burrard Neale [q. v.] In 1814 he was first lieutenant of the Duncan, flagship of Sir John Poo Beresford [q. v.] in his voyage to Rio de Janeiro. He was sent home in acting command of the Racoon sloop, and ​was confirmed in the rank 13 June 1815. This was his last service afloat. In 1816 he left England, with his old messmate in the Narcissus, Captain Charles Leonard Irby [q. v.], on what proved to be a lengthened tour on the continent, and extended to Egypt, Syria, and Asia Minor, Their descriptive letters were privately printed in 1823, and were published as a volume of Murray's 'Home and Colonial Library' in 1844. Mangles was elected a fellow of the Royal Society in 1825, and in 1830 was one of the first fellows and members of council of the Royal Geographical Society. He was also the author of 'The Floral Calendar,' 1839, 12mo, a little book urging the beauty and possibility of window and town gardening; 'Synopsis of a Complete Dictionary ... of the Illustrated Geographically and Hydrography of England and Wales, Scotland and Ireland,' 1848, 12mo; 'Papers and Despatches relating to the Arctic Searching Expeditions of 1850-1-2,' 1852, 8vo; and 'The Thames Estuary, a Guide to the Navigation of the Thames Mouth,' 1853, 4to. He died at Fairfield, Exeter, on 18 Nov. 1867, aged 81.
[O'Byrne's Nav. Biog. Dict.; Journ. of Roy. Geogr. Soc. vol. xxxiii; Gent. Mag. 1867, ii. 833.]
J. K. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Mandevil, Robert

Robert Mandevile in the ODNB.
​MANDEVIL, ROBERT (1578–1618), puritan divine, was a native of Cumberland. He was 'entered either a batler or servitor' of Queen's College, Oxford, early in 1596, and matriculated on 25 June; he proceeded B.A. 17 June 1600, and, after migrating to St. Edmund's Hall, M.A. 6 July 1603. In July 1607 he was elected vicar of Holm Cultram in Cumberland by the chancellor and scholars of the university of Oxford, and remained there till his death in 1618. His life was characterised by great piety and zeal for the puritan cause, and he was specially active in persuading his parishioners to a stricter observance of the Sabbath.
He wrote: 'Timothies Taske; or a ​Christian Sea-Card,' the substance of addresses at two synodal assemblies at Carlisle, on 1 Tim. iv. 16, and Acts xx. 28. The book was published at Oxford in 1619 under the editorship of Thomas Vicars, fellow of Queen's College. Wood also ascribes to Mandevil 'Theological Discourses.'
[Wood's Athenæ (Bliss), ii. col. 251 ; Wood's Fasti (Bliss), i. col. 284; Clark's Reg. of the Univ. of Oxford, ii. 214, iii. 221 ; Hutchinson's Hist. of Cumberland, ii. 343.]
B. P.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Mangnall, Richmal

​MANGNALL, RICHMAL (1709–1820), schoolmistress, daughter of James Mangnall of Hollinhurst, Lancashire, and London, and Mary, daughter of John Kay of Manchester, was born on 7 March 1769, probably at Manchester, but the evidence on this point is inconclusive. On the death of her parents she was adopted by her uncle, John Kay, solicitor, of Manchester, and was educated at Mrs. Wilson's school at Crofton Hall, near Wakefield, Yorkshire, She remained there as a teacher, and eventually, on the retirement of Mrs. Wilson, took the school into her own hands, conducting it most successfully until her death on 1 May 1820. She was buried in Crofton churchyard.
Her 'Historical and Miscellaneous Questions for the use of Young People' was first published anonymously at Stockport in 1800, but she afterwards sold the copyright for a hundred guineas to Longmans, who for many years issued edition after edition of the book. It has also been published by different firms down to the present time, with additions and alterations by Cobbin, Pinnock, Wright, Guy, and others. Miss Mangnall also wrote a 'Compendium of Geography' in 1816, of which a second edition was published in 1832, and a third in 1829; and 'Half an Hour's Lounge, or Poems' (Stockport, 1805, 12mo, pp. 80). Her portrait in oils still exists, and an engraving of it appears in some modern editions of the 'Questions' (Mr. Theodore Coppock in Journal of Education, 1889).
[Journal of Education, 1888 pp. 329, 431, 1889 p. 199; Heginbotham's Hist. of Stockport, ii. 361–2 (with silhouette portrait of Miss Mangnall); Allibone's Dict. of Authors; English Catalogue; Brit. Mus. Cat.]
C. W. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Perry, Charles (1698-1780)

​PERRY, CHARLES (1698–1780), traveller and medical writer, born in 1698, was a younger son of John Perry, a Norwich attorney. He spent four years at Norwich grammar school, and afterwards a similar period at a school in Bishop's Stortford, Hertfordshire. On 28 May 1717 he was admitted at Caius College, Cambridge, as a scholar, and graduated M.B. in 1722 and M.D. in 1727. He was a junior fellow of his college from Michaelmas 1723 to Lady-day 1731. On 5 Feb. 1723 he also graduated at Leyden. Between 1739 and 1742 he travelled in France, Italy, and the East, visiting Constantinople, Egypt, Palestine, and Greece. On his return he published his valuable ‘View of the Levant, particularly of Constantinople, Syria, Egypt, and Greece,’ 1743, fol., illustrated with thirty-three plates; it was twice translated into German, viz., in 1754 (Erlangen, 3 vols.), and in 1765 (Rostock, 2 vols.). A reissue of the original, in three quarto volumes, in 1770, was dedicated to John Montagu, earl of Sandwich.
Perry appears to have practised as a physician after his return to England in 1742. He died in 1780, and was buried at the east end of the nave in Norwich Cathedral. An elder brother was buried in 1795 near the spot. The tablet, with a laudatory Latin inscription, seems to have been removed, and Blomefield misprints the date of death on it as 1730.
Perry published the following medical works: 1. ‘Essay on the Nature and Cure of Madness,’ Rotterdam, 1723. 2. ‘Enquiry into the Nature and Principles of the Spaw Waters … To which is subjoined a cursory Inquiry into the Nature and Properties of the Hot Fountains at Aix-la-Chapelle,’ London, 1734. 3. ‘Treatise on Diseases in General, to which is subjoined a system of practice,’ 2 vols., 1741. 4. ‘Account of an Analysis made of the Stratford Mineral Water,’ Northampton, 1744, severely criticised, from a chemical point of view, by William Baylies [q. v.] in his ‘Short Remarks,’ 1745. 5. ‘Mechanical Account and Explanation of the Hysterica Passio, with Appendix on Cancer,’ 1755, 8vo. 6. ‘Disquisition of the Stone and Gravel, with other Diseases of the Kidney,’ 1777, 8vo. He also communicated to the Royal Society ‘Experiments on the Water of the Dead Sea, on the Hot Springs near Tiberiades, and on the Hammarn Pharoan Water’ (Phil. Trans. Abridgment, viii. 555).
G. Le G. N.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Perry, Francis

​PERRY, FRANCIS (d. 1765), engraver, was born at Abingdon, Berkshire, and apprenticed to a hosier; but, showing some aptitude for art, he was placed first with one of the Vanderbanks, and afterwards with Richardson, to study painting. Making, however, no progress in this, he became clerk to a commissary, whom he accompanied to Lichfield, and there made drawings of the cathedral, which he subsequently etched. Perry eventually devoted himself to drawing and engraving topographical views and antiquities, working chiefly for the magazines. He engraved two views of the cloisters of St. Katherine's Church, near the Tower, for Dr. Ducarel's paper on that church in Nichols's ‘Bibliotheca Topographica Britannica,’ and ‘A Collection of Eighteen Views of Antiquities in the County of Kent,’ also portraits of Matthew Hutton, archbishop of York; Dr. Ducarel, after A. Soldi; and Dr. Thomas Hyde, after Cipriani. But he is best known by his engravings of coins and medals, which he executed with great neatness and accuracy. The sixteen plates in Dr. Ducarel's ‘Anglo-Gallic Coins,’ 1757, are by him; and in 1762 he commenced the publication of a series of gold and silver British medals, of which three parts, containing ten plates, appeared before his death, and a fourth subsequently. In 1764 he exhibited with the Free Society of Artists his print of Dr. Hyde and a pen-and-ink view at Walworth. Perry had the use of only one eye, and habitually etched on a white ground, which facilitated his working by candlelight. Though painstaking and industrious, he could only earn a precarious living. He died on 3 Jan. 1765.
F. M. O'D.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Perry, Sampson

​PERRY, SAMPSON (1747–1823), publicist, was born at Aston, Birmingham, in 1747, and was brought up to the medical profession. While acting as surgeon, with the rank of captain, to the Middlesex militia, he published in 1785 ‘A Disquisition on the Stone and Gravel,’ and in 1786 a ‘Treatise on Lues Gonorrhœa.’ In 1789 he started or revived the ‘Argus,’ a violent opposition daily paper. In 1791 he was twice sentenced to six months' imprisonment for libels respectively on John Walter of the ‘Times,’ and on Lady Fitzgibbon, wife of the Irish lord chancellor. He edited his paper from prison during 1791. He was also fined 100l. for accusing Pitt's agent of keeping back Spanish news for stockjobbing purposes, and was convicted of a libel on the House of Commons, which, he alleged, did not really represent the country. To avoid imprisonment for this last offence he fled, in January 1793, to Paris, where on a previous visit he had made, through Thomas Paine, the acquaintance of Condorcet, Pétion, Brissot, Dumouriez, and Santerre. A reward of 100l. was offered by the British government for his apprehension. He joined the British revolutionary club, gave evidence at Marat's trial respecting the attempted suicide of a young Englishman named Johnson, was arrested with the other English residents in August 1793, and spent fourteen months in Paris prisons. Hérault de Séchelles summoned him, on the trial of the Dantonists, to testify to the innocence of his negotiations with the English whigs, but the trial was cut short without witnesses for the defence being heard. On his release at the close of 1794 Perry returned to London, surrendered on his outlawry, and was imprisoned in Newgate till the change of ministry in 1801. While in Newgate he published ‘Oppression: Appeal of Captain Perry to the People of England’ (1795), ‘Argus Miscellany’ (1796), ‘Historical Sketch of the French Revolution’ (1796), and ‘Origin of Government’ (1797). On his liberation he edited the ‘Statesman,’ and after 1809 had cross suits for libel with Lewis Goldsmith [q. v.], being awarded only a farthing damages. At the close of his life he was in pecuniary straits, and was an insolvent debtor, but was on the point of being discharged in 1823 when he died of heart disease. Twice married, he left a widow and family.
J. G. A.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Perry, Henry

​PERRY or PARRY, HENRY (1560?–1617?), Welsh scholar, was born at Greenfield, Flint, about 1560. He was descended from Ednowain Bendew, founder of one of the fifteen tribes of North Wales (Bishop Humphreys's additions to Wood's Athenæ Oxon.) He matriculated from Balliol College, Oxford, 20 March 1578–9, at the age of eighteen, and graduated B.A. (from Gloucester Hall) 14 Jan. 1579–80, M.A. 23 March 1582–3, and B.D. (from Jesus College) 6 June 1597 (Alumni Oxon.) On leaving the university, about 1583, he went abroad, and, after many years' absence, returned to Wales as chaplain to Sir Richard Bulkeley of Baron Hill, near Beaumaris. During his stay at Beaumaris he married the daughter of Robert Vaughan, a gentleman of the place. An attempt was made by his enemies to show that his first wife (of whom nothing is known) was still living, but Perry succeeded in clearing his reputation. He may possibly be the ‘Henry Parry, A.M.,’ who, according to Browne Willis (St. Asaph, edit. 1801, i. 315), was rector of Llandegla between 1574 and 1597. He was instituted to the rectory of Rhoscolyn on 21 Aug. 1601, promoted to that of Trefdraeth by Bishop Rowlands on 30 Dec. 1606, installed canon of Bangor on 6 Feb. 1612–13, and received in addition from Rowlands the rectory of Llanfachreth, Anglesey, on 5 March 1613–14. The date of his death is not recorded, but as his successor in the canonry was installed on 30 Dec. 1617, it probably took place in that year.
Dr. John Davies, in the preface to his ‘Dictionary’ (1632), speaks of ‘Henricus Perrius vir linguarum cognitione insignis’ as one of many Welsh scholars who during the preceding sixty years had planned a similar enterprise. But the only work published by Perry was ‘Egluryn Ffraethineb’ (‘Elucidator of Eloquence’), a Welsh treatise on rhetoric, the outlines of which had previously been written by William Salesbury [q. v.], translator of the New Testament into Welsh. This appeared in London in 1595 in the new orthography adopted by John David Rhys in his recently published grammar (1592). A reprint, with many omissions, was issued by Dr. William Owen Pughe [q. v.] (London, 1807), and this was reprinted at Llanrwst in 1829. The preface shows that Perry knew something of eleven languages.
J. E. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/O'Caran, Gilla-an-Choimhdedh

Gilla in Choimded Ua Caráin in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
​O'CARAN, GILLA-an-CHOIMHDEDH (d. 1180), archbishop of Armagh, who is called Gilbert by Roger Hoveden and elsewhere (Cotton, Fasti), a name which has no relation to Gilla-an-Choimhdedh (servant of the Lord), was in 1157 witness of the charter granted to the abbey of Newry by Muircheartach O'Lochlainn [q. v.] The two chief northern bishops were then often called of Cinel Eoghain and Cinel Conaill, and the bishopric of Cinel Conaill or Tyrconnel, which was the title of Gilla-an-Choimhdedh O'Caran, corresponded in general with the present diocese of Raphoe. If they were convertible terms in his time, he had ceased to be bishop before 10 Feb. 1173, when the chronicles record the death of Muireadhach O'Cobhthaigh (‘epscop Doire agus Ratha Both’), bishop of Derry and Raphoe. In 1175 he became archbishop of Armagh, and held office during the visitation of Cardinal Vivianus, sent to Ireland as apostolic legate by Pope Alexander III in 1177. The ‘Annals of Inisfallen’ (Dublin copy) state that he was with O'Lochlainn, bearing the ‘Canoin Phatraic,’ believed to be the present ‘Book of Armagh,’ in a battle near Downpatrick in 1177, in which John de Courcy defeated the Cinel Eoghain and the Ulidians. In the last year of his episcopate Armagh and most of its churches were burnt. He gave Bailebachuill, co. Dublin, to St. Mary's Abbey, near Dublin (Ware). He died in 1180.
[Annals of Loch Cé, ed. Hennessy, i. 160; Ware's Commentary of the Prelates of Ireland, Dublin, 1704, pp. 11, 53; Reeves's Ecclesiastical Antiquities of Down, Connor, and Dromore; Stuart's Historical Memoirs of the City of Armagh, Newry, 1819; Clarendon MS. in British Museum, vol. xlii. p. 179. This is the copy of the charter of Newry, originally belonging to Sir James Ware, from which the printed texts of it, nearly all of which are inaccurate, have been made.]
N. M.