# San Tzu Ching/Appendix 4

APPENDIX IV.
[The following 24 lines form the continuation sanctioned, and possibly written, by 賀興思 Ho Hsing-ssŭ.]
| 254a. | 遼 | 與 | 金 | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | The Liao Tartars and the Chin Tartars |
| | Liao$^2$ | yü$^3$ | chin$^1$ | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | The Liao Tartars and the Chin Tartars |
| | Liao | with | Chin | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | The Liao Tartars and the Chin Tartars |
Liao see line 254A.
Yü see line 87.
Chin see line 66.
| 254b. | 皆 | 稱 | 帝 | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | all took the Imperial title. |
| | Chieh$^1$ | ch'êng$^1$ | ti$^4$ | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | all took the Imperial title. |
| | All | style | ruler | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | all took the Imperial title. |
Chieh see line 250.
Ch'êng see line 186.
Ti see line 180.
| 254c. | 元 | 滅 | 金 | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | The Yüans (Mongols) destroyed the Chin Tartars, |
| | Yüan$^2$ | mieh$^4$ | chin$^1$ | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | The Yüans (Mongols) destroyed the Chin Tartars, |
| | Yüan | extinguish | chin | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | The Yüans (Mongols) destroyed the Chin Tartars, |
Yüan see lines 94, 254E.
Mien see line 245.
Chin see line 66.
| 254d. | 絕 | 宋 | 世 | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | and put an end to the House of Sung. |
| | Chüeh$^2$ | sung$^4$ | shih$^4$ | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | and put an end to the House of Sung. |
| | End | sung | generations | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | and put an end to the House of Sung. |
Chüeh is composed of 糸 ssŭ silk as radical, with 刀 tao knife ​over an obsolete word for half a tally. Its original meaning was to cut silk in two. [The radical 色 sê colour is a corruption of 人 jen man over the half tally.]
Sung see line 227.
Shih see line 177.
| 254e. | 蒞 | 中 | 國 | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | They governed the Middle Kingdom, |
| | Li$^4$ | chung$^1$ | kuo$^2$ | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | They governed the Middle Kingdom, |
| | Govern | middle | State | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | They governed the Middle Kingdom, |
Li is composed of 水 shui water as radical and 位 wei a seat, an official post. It is often written 莅 .
Chung see line 64.
Kuo see line 155.
| 254f. | 兼 | 戎 | 翟 | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | and also the wild tribes of the north and west; |
| | Chien$^1$ | jung$^2$ | ti$^2$ | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | and also the wild tribes of the north and west; |
| | Together | jung | ti | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | and also the wild tribes of the north and west; |
Chien see line 212.
Jung see line 254J.
Ti is here used for 狄 ti, which is composed of 犬 ch'üan dog as radical, with an abbreviation of 亦 i also as phonetic. The barbarians in question were thought to have descended from dogs. See line 254J.
| 254g. | 九 | 十 | 年 | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | after ninety years |
| | Chiu$^3$ | shih$^2$ | nien$^2$ | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | after ninety years |
| | Nine | ten | years | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | after ninety years |
Chiu see line 33.
Shih see line 45.
Nien see line 221. [A round number; see 254g.]
| 254h. | 國 | 祚 | 廢 | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | their mandate was exhausted. |
| | Kuo$^2$ | tsu$^4$ | fei$^4$ | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | their mandate was exhausted. |
| | State | prosperity | fail | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | their mandate was exhausted. |
Kuo see line 155.
​Tsu is composed of 示 shih divine manifestation as radical, with 乍 (line 123) as phonetic.
Fei is composed of the obsolete radical 广 yen a shelter, with 發 (line 293) as phonetic. It originally meant a falling house.
| 254i. | 太 | 祖 | 興 | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | Then T'ai Tsu arose, |
| | T'ai$^4$ | tsu$^3$ | hsing$^1$ | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | Then T'ai Tsu arose, |
| | Extreme | ancestor | arise | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | Then T'ai Tsu arose, |
T'ai see line 254K.
Tsu see line 89.
Hsing see line 215.
| 254j. | 國 | 大 | 明 | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | his dynasty being known as Ta Ming. |
| | Kuo$^2$ | ta$^4$ | ming$^2$ | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | his dynasty being known as Ta Ming. |
| | State | great | bright | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | his dynasty being known as Ta Ming. |
Kuo see line 155.
Ta see line 127.
Ming see line 110. [The famous founder of the Ming dynasty raised himself to the throne from the obscure position of a tender of cattle; hence he is sometimes spoken of as the Beggar King, and also as the Golden Youth. He was for a time a novice in a Buddhist temple, and altogether led a very chequered life.]
| 254k. | 號 | 洪 | 武 | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | He took as his year-title Hung Wu, |
| | Hao$^4$ | hung$^2$ | wu$^3$ | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | He took as his year-title Hung Wu, |
| | Style | vast | military | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | He took as his year-title Hung Wu, |
Hao see line 137.
Hung is composed of 水 shui water as radical, with 共 kung (line 100) as phonetic. It originally meant an inundation (line 187).
Wu see line 189.
| 254l. | 都 | 金 | 陵 | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | and fixed his capital at Chin-ling (Nanking). |
| | Tu$^1$ | chin$^1$ | ling$^2$ | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | and fixed his capital at Chin-ling (Nanking). |
| | Capital | gold | tombs | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | and fixed his capital at Chin-ling (Nanking). |
Tu see line 230.
​Chin see line 66.
Ling see line 230.
| 254m. | 逮 | 成 | 祖 | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | At length, under the Emperor Ch'êng Tsu, |
| | Tai$^4$ | ch'êng$^2$ | tsu$^3$ | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | At length, under the Emperor Ch'êng Tsu, |
| | Reach | complete | ancestor | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | At length, under the Emperor Ch'êng Tsu, |
Tai see line 235.
Ch'êng see line 26.
Tsu see line 89. [Reigned A.D. 1399—1424, and better known by his year-title 永樂 Yung Lo.]
| 254n. | 遷 | 燕 | 京 | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | a move was made to the Swallow City (Peking). |
| | Ch'ien$^1$ | yen$^1$ | ching$^1$ | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | a move was made to the Swallow City (Peking). |
| | Move | swallow | capital | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | a move was made to the Swallow City (Peking). |
Ch'ien see line 6.
Yen see line 13.
Ching see line 254O. [The capital was transferred from Nanking to Peking in 1421.]
| 254o. | 十 | 七 | 世 | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | There were seventeen reigns in all, |
| | Shih$^2$ | ch'i$^1$ | shih$^4$ | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | There were seventeen reigns in all, |
| | Ten | seven | generation | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | There were seventeen reigns in all, |
Shih see line 45.
Ch'i see line 84.
Shih see line 177.
| 254p. | 至 | 崇 | 禎 | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | down to and including Ch'ung Chêng. |
| | Chih$^4$ | ch'ung$^2$ | chêng$^1$ | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | down to and including Ch'ung Chêng. |
| | Reach | eminent | auspicious | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | down to and including Ch'ung Chêng. |
Chih see line 94.
Ch'ung see line 254Q.
Chêng see line 254Q. ​
| 254q. | 權 | 奄 | 肆 | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | The hold on the people was relaxed, |
| | Ch'üan$^2$ | yen$^1$ | ssŭ$^4$ | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | The hold on the people was relaxed, |
| | Power | extend | loose | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | The hold on the people was relaxed, |
Ch'üan is composed of 木 mu tree or wood as radical, with an obsolete word meaning small goblet and pronounced kuan as phonetic.
Yen is composed of 大 ta great as radical, with 申 shên to extend as phonetic. One of its original meanings was to open out.
Ssŭ is composed of 長 ch'ang long as radical, with 隶 tai (line 235), here read shih, as phonetic. [The Rev. J. Doolittle gave the following translation of this line:—"The crafty eunuchs caused a revolt." But 奄 and 閹 do not appear to have been used interchangeably, each having a separate entry in the Shuo Wên.]
| 254r. | 寇 | 如 | 林 | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | and rebels sprang up thick as forests. |
| | K'ou$^4$ | ju$^2$ | lin$^2$ | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | and rebels sprang up thick as forests. |
| | Rebels | like | forests | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | and rebels sprang up thick as forests. |
K'ou is composed of 攴 p'u to tap as radical, and 完 wan to finish. It originally meant violent, and has been explained as referring to the completion of a gang or force previous to issuing forth. It is now classed under radical 宀 mien shelter, roof.
Ju see line 133.
Lin is composed of two 木 mu trees, and is an obvious ideogram.
| 254s. | 至 | 李 | 闖 | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | Then came Li Ch'uang, |
| | Chih$^4$ | li$^2$ | ch'uang$^3$ | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | Then came Li Ch'uang, |
| | Reach | li | ch'uang | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | Then came Li Ch'uang, |
Chih see line 94.
Li is composed of 木 mu tree as radical over 子 tzŭ child as phonetic. It means plum, but is here a surname.
Ch'uang is composed of 門 men a, door as radical, and 馬 ma a horse, q.d. a horse rushing out, bursting forth, etc., but is here a ​name taken by the rebel 李自成 Li Tzŭ-ch'eng, to whose sedition the fall of the Ming dynasty was mostly due.
| 254t. | 神 | 器 | 焚 | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | and the Imperial regalia were destroyed. |
| | Shên$^2$ | chi'i$^4$ | fên$^2$ | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | and the Imperial regalia were destroyed. |
| | Divine | utensil | burn | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | and the Imperial regalia were destroyed. |
Shên see line 325.
Ch'i see line 26.
Fên is composed of 火 huo fire as radical below 林 lin a forest (see 254r) as phonetic. [This line refers to the looting of the palace when Li Ch'uang captured and temporarily held Peking.]
| 254u. | 清 | 太 | 祖 | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | The founder of the Ch'ing or Pure dynasty |
| | Ch'ing$^1$ | t'ai$^4$ | tsu$^3$ | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | The founder of the Ch'ing or Pure dynasty |
| | Pure | extreme | ancestor | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | The founder of the Ch'ing or Pure dynasty |
Ch'ing is composed of 水 shui water as radical, with 青 ch'ing the colour of nature as phonetic. See line 84.
T'ai see 254K.
Tsu see line 89. [The T'ai Tsu in this line is the Manchu chieftain Nurhachu, A.D. 1559–1626, who was the real founder of the present dynasty, though he never mounted the throne.]
| 254v. | 應 | 景 | 命 | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | responded to the glorious summons; |
| | Ying$^4$ | ching$^3$ | ming$^4$ | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | responded to the glorious summons; |
| | Respond | glorious | order | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | responded to the glorious summons; |
Ying see line 64.
Ching is composed of 日 jih sun as radical, with 京 ching city as phonetic; q.d. the sun shining on a city.
Ming is composed of 口 k'ou mouth, its old radical, with 令 ling a command (see 271) as phonetic. It is also commonly used in the sense of destiny, as being the command or will of God. ​
| 254w. | 靖 | 四 | 方 | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | he tranquillised the four corners (N.S.E. and W.), |
| | Ching$^4$ | ssŭ$^4$ | fang$^1$ | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | he tranquillised the four corners (N.S.E. and W.), |
| | Quiet | four | square | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | he tranquillised the four corners (N.S.E. and W.), |
Ching is composed of 立 li to establish as radical, with 青 ch'ing the colour of nature as phonetic. See lines 84, 254u.
Ssŭ see line 37.
Fang see line 14.
| 254x. | 克 | 大 | 定 | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | and achieved the final settlement of the empire. |
| | K'o$^4$ | ta$^4$ | ting$^4$ | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | and achieved the final settlement of the empire. |
| | Achieve | great | settle | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | and achieved the final settlement of the empire. |
K'o is regarded as a picture of a man carving wood in a house, and originally meant to bear on the shoulders. It is now classed under radical 儿, No. 10.
Ta see line 127.
Ting is composed of 宀 mien roof or shelter as radical, with 正 chêng (line 326) as phonetic. [Mr. Doolittle translated this line "so that prosperity prevailed," which seems to be somewhat off the line of thought.]