OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# In re Krystal Cadillac Oldsmobile GMC Truck, Inc.

* related portals: United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
* Court Documents
* Opinion of the Court
* 142 F.3d 631
* IN RE: KRYSTAL CADILLAC OLDSMOBILE GMC TRUCK, INC., Debtor; KRYSTAL CADILLAC OLDSMOBILE GMC TRUCK, INC.; LAWRENCE V. YOUNG
* v.
* GENERAL MOTORS CORPORATION; Krystal Cadillac Oldsmobile GMC Truck, Inc., Appellant in No. 97-7117; IN RE: KRYSTAL CADILLAC OLDSMOBILE GMC TRUCK, INC., Debtor; KRYSTAL CADILLAC OLDSMOBILE GMC TRUCK, INC.; LAWRENCE V. YOUNG v. GENERAL MOTORS CORPORATION; Lawrence V. Young, Appellant in No. 97-7118
* No. 97-7117 and 97-7118
* United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit.
* January 28, 1998, Argued
* April 23, 1998, Filed
* As Amended July 6, 1998.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania. (D.C. Civ. No. 96-cv-01614).
Reversed.
William C. Cramer, Esquire, Kathleen W. Cramer, Esquire (ARGUED), Suite 414, Chambersburg Trust Building, Chambersburg, PA 17201, COUNSEL FOR APPELLANT KRYSTAL CADILLAC OLDSMOBILE GMC TRUCK, INC., in No. 97-7117.
Lawrence V. Young, Esquire, Sara A. Austin, Esquire (ARGUED), Countess, Gilbert & Andrews, 29 North Duke Street, York, PA 17401, COUNSEL FOR APPELLANT LAWRENCE V. YOUNG In No. 97-7118.
James A. Mollica, Jr., Esquire, Mollica & Murray, 450 Trimont Plaza, 1305 Grandview Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15211. Of Counsel: Carol H. Lesnek-Cooper, Esquire, General Motors Corporation, New Center One Building, 3031 West Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI 48232, COUNSEL FOR APPELLEE GENERAL MOTORS CORP.
Before: MANSMANN, COWEN and ALITO, Circuit Judges.
# In re Lamkin

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
355 U.S. 59
In re Lamkin
Argued: Nov. 18, 1957. --- Decided: Dec 16, 1957
See 355 U.S. 908, 78 S.Ct. 335.
Marshall Lamkin, pro se.
Messrs. Will Wilson, Atty. Gen., E. M. DeGeurin and George P. Blackburn, Asst. Attys. Gen., for State of Texas.
PER CURIAM.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# In re Latimer

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
355 U.S. 82
In re Latimer
John L. Kilcullen, for petitioner.
PER CURIAM.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# In re Lancaster

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
137 U.S. 393
In re Lancaster
A. O. Bacon and Washington Dessau, for petitioners.
[Argument of Counsel from page pages 394-395 intentionally omitted]
FULLER, C. J.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# In re Lancaster/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
United States Supreme Court
137 U.S. 393
In re Lancaster
The petitioners were indicted, under sections 5508 and 5509 of the Revised Statutes, on the 20th of November, 1890, in the circuit court for the southern district of Georgia, and have been taken into custody. They have not invoked the action of the circuit court upon the sufficiency of the indictment by a motion to quash or otherwise, but ask leave to file in this court a petition for a writ of habeas corpus, upon the ground that the matters and things set forth and charged do not constitute any offense or offenses underth e laws of the United States, or cognizable in the circuit court, and that for other reasons the indictment cannot be sustained. In this posture of the case we must decline to interfere. The application for leave to file the petition is denied.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Humanitarian Relief in Somalia

* related portals: Somalia.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
December 2, 1992.
I fully support the deployment of a U.S. commanded force operating under a United Nations mandate to guarantee the delivery of food and medicine to the suffering people of Somalia.
The mission as defined by the President is well planned and suited to the task at hand. I am certain that President Bush, Secretary Cheney, and Chairman Powell, will exhibit the care in executing this mission that they have exhibited in the acclaimed successes of U.S. forces in Panama and the Persian Gulf. I am also confident that the welfare and safety of American servicemen and women are uppermost in their minds.
The starvation and suffering in Somalia represent a horrifying chapter in human history. The International Red Cross has estimated that 1.5 million people, one third of the current population of Somalia, face death by starvation. Hundred of thousands more people, especially children, will suffer from the horrible physical, medical, and psychological consequences of malnutrition if they do not starve. One out of six Somalians have fled across borders into neighboring countries. Those who remain behind know only violence, chaos, hunger and death.
The tragedy of Somalia has arisen from a combination of bad government, Marxism, and war. There should be no doubt that the only viable long-term solution to the situation in Somalia is to expand political and economic freedom throughout East Africa.
The long term political and economic problems are matters that only Somalia can solve. We cannot build a viable government or economy for Somalia. We cannot settle the civil war that is raging in that tragic country. It is in our power, however, to offer a hand out of the nightmare confirming millions of Somalians. When life is no longer as nasty, brutish and harsh, it is my hope that the people of Somalia will be able to solve the fundamental problems of their society.
Whether it is in Kurdistan, Bangladesh or Panama, American servicemen and women have conducted themselves in the most proficient and upright manner. I am certain that with the support of the American people they will acquit themselves admirably in their effort to bring relief to the people of Somalia.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Humanitad

* "Humanitad" in The Writings of Oscar Wilde (1907)
* "Humanitad" in The Poems of Oscar Wilde (1909)
# Illinois Verse/Thomas Arkle Clark

* related authors: Thomas Arkle Clark.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
# International Harvester Company v. Evatt

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
329 U.S. 416
International Harvester Company v. Evatt
Argued: Dec. 12, 1946. --- Decided: Jan 6, 1947
See 329 U.S. 834, 67 S.Ct. 628.
On Appeal from the Supreme Court of the State of Ohio.
Messrs. Joseph J. Daniels, of Indianapolis, Ind., and Edward R. Lewis, of Chicago, Ill., for appellant.
Mr. A. A. Wendt, of Columbus, Ohio, for appellee.
Mr. Justice BLACK delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# International Harvester Company v. Department of Treasury of Indiana

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
322 U.S. 340
International Harvester Company v. Department of Treasury of Indiana
Argued: Feb. 29, 1944. --- Decided: May 15, 1944
Appeal from the Supreme Court of the State of Indiana.
Messrs. Edward R. Lewis, of Chicago, Ill., and Joseph J. Daniels, of Indianapolis, Ind., for appellants.
Messrs. Winslow Van Horne and John J. McShane, both of Indianapolis, Ind., for appellees.
Mr. Justice DOUGLAS delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# International Harvester Company v. Missouri

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
234 U.S. 199
International Harvester Company v. Missouri
Argued: April 29, 1914. --- Decided: June 8, 1914
Messrs. Edgar A. Banceroft, William M. Williams, Selden P. Spencer, and Victor A. Remy for plaintiff in error.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 200-202 intentionally omitted]
Mr. John T. Barker, Attorney General of Missouri, and Messrs. W. T. Rutherford, Thomas J. Higgs, W. M. Fitch, and Paul P. Prosser for defendant in error.
Mr. Justice McKenna delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# International Harvester Company v. Kentucky

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
234 U.S. 216
International Harvester Company v. Kentucky
Argued: April 23 and 24, 1914. --- Decided: June 8, 1914
Messrs. Alexander Pope Humphrey, Edgar A. Bancroft, and Victor A. Remy for plaintiff in error.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 216-218 intentionally omitted]
Mr. James Garnett, Attorney General of Kentucky, and Messrs. Charles Carroll, Frank Ed. Daugherty, J. Robert Layman, and J. R. Mallory for defendant in error.
[Argument of Counsel from page 218 intentionally omitted]
Mr. Justice Holmes delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Iraq Study Group Report

The Iraq Study Group Report: The Way Forward – A New Approach, is the report given by the Iraq Study Group, as mandated by the United States Congress. It is an assessment of the state of the war in Iraq as of 6 December 2006, when the ISG released the report to the public on the Internet and as a published book.
James A. Baker, III, and Lee H. Hamilton, Co-Chairs

### I. Assessment

A. Assessment of the Current Situation in Iraq
    1. Security
    2. Politics
    3. Economics
    4. International Support
    5. Conclusions
B. Consequences of Continued Decline in Iraq
C. Some Alternative Courses in Iraq
    1. Precipitate Withdrawal
    2. Staying the Course
    3. More Troops for Iraq
    4. Devolution to Three Regions
D. Achieving Our Goals

### II. The Way Forward—A New Approach

A. The External Approach: Building an International Consensus
    1. The New Diplomatic Offensive
    2. The Iraq International Support Group
    3. Dealing with Iran and Syria
    4. The Wider Regional Context
B. The Internal Approach: Helping Iraqis Help Themselves
    1. Performance on Milestones
    2. National Reconciliation
    3. Security and Military Forces
    4. Police and Criminal Justice
    5. The Oil Sector
    6. U.S. Economic and Reconstruction Assistance
    7. Budget Preparation, Presentation, and Review
    8. U.S. Personnel
    9. Intelligence

### Appendices

    Letter from the Sponsoring Organizations
    Iraq Study Group Plenary Sessions
    Iraq Study Group Consultations
    Expert Working Groups and Military Senior Advisor Panel
    The Iraq Study Group
    Iraq Study Group Support
# Introduction to Statistics (Online Edition)/Graphing Distributions

​2. Graphing Distributions
A. Qualitative Variables
B. Quantitative Variables
* Stem and Leaf Displays
* Histograms
* Frequency Polygons
* Box Plots
* Bar Charts
* Line Graphs
* Dot Plots
C. Exercises
Graphing data is the first and often most important step in data analysis. In this day of computers, researchers all too often see only the results of complex computer analyses without ever taking a close look at the data themselves. This is all the more unfortunate because computers can create many types of graphs quickly and easily.
This chapter covers some classic types of graphs such bar charts that were invented by William Playfair in the 18th century as well as graphs such as box plots invented by John Tukey in the 20th century.
This work is in the public domain worldwide because it has been so released by the copyright holder.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Introduction to Statistics (Online Edition)/Graphing Distributions/Graphing Quantitative Variables

​Graphing Quantitative Variables
* Stem and Leaf Displays
* Histograms
* Frequency Polygons
* Box Plots
* Bar Charts
* Line Graphs
* Dot Plots
As discussed in the section on variables in Chapter 1, quantitative variables are variables measured on a numeric scale. Height, weight, response time, subjective rating of pain, temperature, and score on an exam are all examples of quantitative variables. Quantitative variables are distinguished from categorical (sometimes called qualitative) variables such as favorite color, religion, city of birth, favorite sport in which there is no ordering or measuring involved.
There are many types of graphs that can be used to portray distributions of quantitative variables. The upcoming sections cover the following types of graphs: (1) stem and leaf displays, (2) histograms, (3) frequency polygons, (4) box plots, (5) bar charts, (6) line graphs, (7) dot plots, and (8) scatter plots (discussed in a different chapter). Some graph types such as stem and leaf displays are best-suited for small to moderate amounts of data, whereas others such as histograms are best-suited for large amounts of data. Graph types such as box plots are good at depicting differences between distributions. Scatter plots are used to show the relationship between two variables.
This work is in the public domain worldwide because it has been so released by the copyright holder.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Introduction to Statistics (Online Edition)/Introduction

​1. Introduction
This chapter begins by discussing what statistics are and why the study of statistics is important. Subsequent sections cover a variety of topics all basic to the study of statistics. The only theme common to all of these sections is that they cover concepts and ideas important for other chapters in the book.
A. What are Statistics? B. Importance of Statistics C. Descriptive Statistics D. Inferential Statistics E. Variables F. Percentiles G. Measurement H. Levels of Measurement I. Distributions J. Summation Notation K. Linear Transformations L. Logarithms M. Exercises
This work is in the public domain worldwide because it has been so released by the copyright holder.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Introduction to Statistics (Online Edition)/Graphing Distributions/Frequency Polygons

​Frequency Polygons by David M. Lane
Prerequisites • Chapter 2: Histograms
Learning Objectives
* Create and interpret frequency polygons
* Create and interpret cumulative frequency polygons
* Create and interpret overlaid frequency polygons
Frequency polygons are a graphical device for understanding the shapes of distributions. They serve the same purpose as histograms, but are especially helpful for comparing sets of data. Frequency polygons are also a good choice for displaying cumulative frequency distributions.
To create a frequency polygon, start just as for histograms, by choosing a class interval. Then draw an X-axis representing the values of the scores in your data. Mark the middle of each class interval with a tick mark, and label it with the middle value represented by the class. Draw the Y-axis to indicate the frequency of each class. Place a point in the middle of each class interval at the height corresponding to its frequency. Finally, connect the points. You should include one class interval below the lowest value in your data and one above the highest value. The graph will then touch the X-axis on both sides.
A frequency polygon for 642 psychology test scores shown in Figure 1 was constructed from the frequency table shown in Table 1.
Table 1. Frequency Distribution of Psychology Test Scores
The first label on the X-axis is 35. This represents an interval extending from 29.5 to 39.5. Since the lowest test score is 46, this interval has a frequency of 0. The point labeled 45 represents the interval from 39.5 to 49.5. There are three scores in this interval. There are 147 scores in the interval that surrounds 85.
Figure 1. Frequency polygon for the psychology test scores.
Figure 2. Cumulative frequency polygon for the psychology test scores.
Figure 3. Overlaid frequency polygons.
It is also possible to plot two cumulative frequency distributions in the same graph. This is illustrated in Figure 4 using the same data from the cursor task. The ​difference in distributions for the two targets is again evident.
Figure 4. Overlaid cumulative frequency polygons.
This work is in the public domain worldwide because it has been so released by the copyright holder.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# In the Forbidden Land/Chapter XCVI

    Towards Mansarowar—Mansing's vision—Bathing in Mansarowar.
THE next day, amidst repeated good-byes and professions of friendship on the part of our hosts and jailers, we departed towards Mansarowar, and late in the afternoon reached the Tucker village and Gomba, where we put up at the same serai in which I had slept on my way out. All our bonds were here removed for good, and we enjoyed comparative freedom, though four men walked by my side wherever I went, and an equal number looked after Chanden Sing and Mansing. Naturally we were not allowed to go far from the serai, but we could prowl about in the village. I took this opportunity to have a swim in the Mansarowar Lake, and Chanden Sing and Mansing again paid fresh salaams to the gods and plunged in the sacred water.
The Lamas, who had been so friendly during my former visit, were now extremely sulky and rude; and, after having witnessed our arrival, they all withdrew into the monastery, banging the gate after them. All the villagers, too, hastily retired to their respective houses. The place was deserted with the exception of the soldiers round us.
Poor Mansing, who, worn out and in great pain, was sitting close by me, looking vaguely at the lake, had an extraordinary vision, the result, probably, of fever or exhaustion.
"Oh, sahib," said he, as if in a dream, though he was quite awake; "look, look! Look at the crowd of people walking on the water. There must be more than a thousand men! Oh, how big they are getting!... And there is God ... Seva.... No, they are Tibetans, they are coming to kill us, they are Lamas! Oh, come, sahib, they are so near.... Oh, they are flying...!"
I could see that the poor fellow was under an hallucination. His forehead was burning and he was in a high fever.
"They have all disappeared!" he exclaimed, as I placed my hand on his forehead and he woke from his trance.
He seemed quite stupefied for a few moments; and, on my inquiring of him later whether he had seen the phantom crowd again, he could not remember ever having seen it at all.
The natives came to visit us in the serai during the evening, and we had great fun with them, for the Tibetans are full of humour and have many comical ways. As for ourselves, now that we were only two marches from Taklakot, it was but natural that our spirits were high. Only two more days of captivity, and then a prospect of freedom.
It was still dark when we were roused and ordered to start. The soldiers dragged us out of the serai. We entreated them to let us have another plunge in the sacred Mansarowar, and the three of us were eventually allowed to do so. The water was bitterly cold, and we had nothing to dry ourselves with.
It was about an hour before sunrise when we were placed on our yaks and, surrounded by some thirty soldiers, rode off.
# In the Forbidden Land/Chapter XCIV

    South of the outward journey—Severity of our guard—Ventriloquism and its effects—Terrible but instructive days—The Southern source of the Brahmaputra—Leaving Yutzang.
WE travelled, as can be seen by the dotted red line on the map attached to this book, first W. then W.N.W., N.W., W. and N.W., following the Brahmaputra along a course South of the outward journey, until we reached the boundary of the Yutzang (central, or Lhassa) province. Our guard were not only severe with us, but they also ill-treated us in every possible way. One or two of the soldiers, however, showed kindness and thoughtfulness, bringing us a little butter or tsamba whenever they could do so unseen by their comrades. The guard was changed so frequently that we had no chance of making friends with them, and each lot seemed worse than the last.
A very curious incident happened one day, causing a scare among them. We had halted near a cliff, and the soldiers were some twenty yards off. Having exhausted every means I could think of to inspire these ruffians with respect, I resorted to the performance of some ventriloquial feats, pretending to speak and to receive the answers from the summit of the cliff. The Tibetans were terror-stricken. They asked me who was up there. I said it was some one I knew.
"Is it a Plenki?"
"Yes."
Immediately they hustled us on our yaks and mounted their ponies, and we left the place at headlong speed.
On reaching a spot which from observations taken on my outward journey I reckoned to be in longitude 83° 6' 30" E. and latitude 30° 27' 30" N. I had a great piece of luck. It is at this point that the two principal sources of the Brahmaputra meet and form one river, the one coming from the N.W., which I had already followed, the other proceeding from the W.N.W. The Tibetans, to my delight, selected the southern route, thus giving me the opportunity of visiting the second of the two principal sources of the great river. This second stream rises in a flat plain, having its first birth in a lakelet in approximate longitude 82° 47' E. and latitude 30° 33' N. I gave the Northern source my own name, a proceeding which I trust will not be regarded as immodest in view of the fact that I was the first European to visit both sources and of all the circumstances of my journey.
This period of our captivity was dreary, yet interesting and instructive, for, as we went along, I got the soldiers to teach me some Tibetan songs, not unlike those of the Shokas in character, and from the less ill-natured men of our guard I picked up, by judicious questioning, a considerable amount of information, which, together with that collected from my own observations, I have given in this book.
Over a more southerly and lower pass than the Maium Pass, by which, healthy, hopeful and free, we had entered the province of Yutzang, we now left it, wounded, broken down, naked and prisoners.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Also written U-tzang.