OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The New York Times/1916/11/22/Fighting on Somme Limited to Big Guns

FIGHTING ON SOMME LIMITED TO BIG GUNS
LONDON, Nov. 21—Today was another quiet day on the Somme front, with only slight artillery activity and patrol work to relieve the monotony.
The air squadrons of both sides have been busy along the entitre front.
The London War Office issued the following statement this afternoon:
   During the night our line was heavily shelled southwest of Grandcourt. To the right of our new front a hostile patrol fell into our hands.
   Enemy trenches were successfully raided at Gommecourt and in the neighborhood of Roclincourt and Ypres.
The British night report says:
   During the day there was considerable hostile shelling against our front on both sides of the Ancre. Elsewhere there is nothing to report.
   Yesterday our airplanes co-operated successfully with our artillery. Two of our machines are missing.
The official communication given out by the War Office this afternoon follows:
   Artillery activity was maintained last night to a notable degree in the region of Saillisel and Douaumont. The night passed in relative calm everywhere else on the front.
The French night communication adds:
   The day was calm on the whole front. The usual cannonade occurred, but no infantry action.
   Aviation—In the night of Nov. 20–21 our bombing aeroplanes dropped about 100 shells on the enemy bivouacs in the rear of the Somme front.
The Belgian communication says:
   In the course of the past week our air squadrons were very active. The aviation field at Ghistelles and enemy cantonments were efficaciously bombarded at night. Our pursuit aeroplanes fought twenty-five engagements, in the course of which several enemy machines were seen to fall vertically. One of our pilots, attacked by four Fokkers, took to flight, and, though his machine was seriously damaged, succeeded in returning safely to our lines.
Berlin Reports Little Activity
BERLIN, Nov. 21, (by Wireless to Sayville.).—The German positions on both sides of the Ancre and in the St. Pierre Vaast Wood were shelled heavily by the Allies yesterday, the War Office announces. There was a revival of artillery activity in the Champagne. The text of the statement follows:
   Army group of Crown Prince Ruprecht: Our artillery was in action against hostile batteries and points of support. The effects of the bombardment were visible.
   A lively hostile fire was directed against our positions on both sides of the Ancre and on St. Pierre Vaast Wood. There were no infantry engagements.
   Army group of the German Crown Prince: In the Champagne and in the Meuse sector (Verdun) artillery activity was revived for a few hours yesterday.
   A statement issued this evening reported a thick fog in the Somme district, with a lessening of activities along this front.
# The New York Times/1916/11/22/German Authorities Uncivil to U. S. Consul

GERMAN AUTHORITIES UNCIVIL TO U. S. CONSUL
AMSTERDAM, Nov. 21, (via London.)—Dominic I. Murphy, American Consul General at Sofia, Bulgaria, reached here today after a journey through Germany from Stockholm, whither he went recently with his wife to visit their daughter.
Despite the fact that Mr. Murphy had a special pass from the German Legation at The Hague, it is stated that the German authorities at Warnemunde treated the couple with incivility on their way to Stockholm and again on their return, notwithstanding the intervention of Dr. Maurice F. Egan, the American Minister to Denmark, and also of the German Minister to Stockholm, who had assured Mr. Murphy that the treatment accorded him and his wife would not be repeated.
Mr. Murphy will leave here for Sofia on Wednesday.
# The New York Times/1916/11/22/Four Neutral Ships Sunk

FOUR NEUTRAL SHIPS SUNK.
LONDON, Tuesday, Nov. 22.—The master and part of the crew of the Norwegian steamer Finn landed yesterday and reported that their vessel had been sunk by a German submarine.
The Daily Mail’s Athens correspondent says the Greek steamer Sparti has been sunk. The Captain believes the vessel was torpedoed. Nearly all those on board the steamer were saved, including several nurses.
Lloyds reports that the Dutch sailing ship Dolphin, 134 tons, and the Norwegian ship Parnass, 647 tons, are believed to have been sunk.
There are two Greek steamers named Sparti, one measuring 2,540 tons and the other 961 tons.
# The New York Times/1916/11/22/Fights on Russian Front

FIGHTS ON RUSSIAN FRONT.
PETROGRAD, Nov. 21.—The repulse of an Austro-German attack on the Russian line in the wooded Carpathians is announced in today’s War Office statement on operations along the Western Russian front. The statement reads:
   There has been rifle and artillery firing. On the River Stokhod the fire was above the average in intensity. In the region of Maltolsk the enemy’s heavy and light artillery bombarded the district of Garbuzev-Gukalov, which is west of Nove Oleksenetz.
   In the wooded Carpathian region, five versts north of Gifpnev, the enemy attacked but was repulsed.
BERLIN, Nov. 21, (by Wireless to Sayville.)—The repulse of a Russian attack in the wooded Carpathian region is reported in today’s Army Headquarters statement on operations along the Russian front, as follows:
   Front of Prince Leopold—Nothing of importance occurred.
   Front of Archduke Charles Francis—In the Ludova sector of the wooded Carpathians a patrol enterprise was carried out, according to plan, by German riflemen and forty prisoners were brought in. A Russian advance in a neighboring sector, carried out in an effort to relieve another portion of the front, failed in sanguinary fashion.
# The New York Times/1916/11/22/Expelled Diplomats to Quit Greece Today

EXPELLED DIPLOMATS TO QUIT GREECE TODAY
LONDON, Nov. 21.—A request for delay until Saturday by the diplomatic representatives of the Central Empires, who were ordered by the Entente to leave Greece, has been refused, and all of them will leave Athens tomorrow morning, a dispatch to Reuter’s Telegram Company from Athens says.
An earlier dispatch from the same source, dated yesterday, read:
“The main discussion at this morning’s session of the Crown Council was regarding the refusal of the Austrian and German Ministers to accept Vice Admiral du Fournet’s notice to leave Greece and the attitude to be taken by King Constantine in the event of their demanding his protection.
“It is learned that Premier Briand of France, in a telegram to the King, suggested that in order to emerge from his present difficulties he seek a reconciliation with former Premier Venizelos and declare war on Bulgaria.”
Other advices say that the Crown Council has decided in principle to refuse to surrender the arms and munitions of Greece to the Allies, as demanded by Vice Admiral du Fournet, commander of the Allied fleet. King Constantine, on leaving the Palace after the meeting, was cheered by a crowd. It is understood that Premier Lambros will remain in power for the present.
It is learned that while the suggestion of Aristide Briand, the French Premier, that King Constantine recall former Premier Venizelos is meeting with opposition in Athens, sentiment in favor of the King accepting the other principal suggestion, namely, that he declare war on Bulgaria, is growing.
As the Lambros Cabinet is a purely service one, it is understood to be the opinion of the King that it should be replaced by a Cabinet representing at least the present Boule, (legislative assembly.) Therefore the resignation of the Ministry is under consideration, to be followed by a reorganized Kalogeropoulos Cabinet along lines informally suggested by the King to the Entente Powers on Sept. 21.
It is further understood that the King proposes to consult with the Entente Powers with a view to avoiding such a failure as occurred in the case of the Ministry under Premier Kalogeropoulos.
War Sentiment in Greece Growing.
ATHENS, Nov. 20, (via London, Nov. 21.)—This morning the Secretary of the American Legation, Sheldon Whitehouse, had a conference with the Turkish, Bulgarian, and Austrian Ministers with reference to the United States taking over the interests of their nationals. The Dutch minister will be charged with the care of the German interests.
According to information from the highest source furnished to The Associated Press, King Constantine does not object to the departure of the Ministers, but does not desire to be put into the position of refusing to afford them protection if they demand it.
# The New York Times/1916/11/22/Fears Industrial Board

FEARS INDUSTRIAL BOARD.
G. H. Sines, Vice President of the Railroad Trainmen, in an interview last night, said that it was the belief of the responsible executives of the four railroad brotherhoods that the recently organized eight-billion-dollar National Industrial Conference Board was a conspiracy of corporate interests to offset the sweeping tide of progressive legislation and the Adamson eight-hour law in particular.
“The railroad brotherhoods,” Mr. Sines continued, “are cognizant of this enormous combine and what it portends. It contains all the elements of reaction, elements which, if allowed to prevail, will result in an industrial upheaval of the gravest consequences. The National Industrial Conference Board is likely, more than any one thing else, to bring the grievances of not only the brotherhoods but the entire laboring class of the country to a crisis.”
The reason the brotherhoods were opposed to President Wilson’s suggestion for Federal investigation before the calling of strikes, Mr. Sines said, was that experience had shown that the railroads utilized that time to prepare for trouble which rendered them invincible. The brotherhoods were helpless under such conditions.
Mr. Sines denied that the brotherhoods intended to fly in the face of injunctions and call a strike if the Adamson law was declared unconstitutional. Such action, he said, might have been taken if the law had been repealed by a hostile Congress, but the Supreme Court of the United States was the last rsort.
# The New York Times/1916/11/22/Gerard on German Future

GERARD ON GERMAN FUTURE.
James W. Gerard, United States Ambassador to Germany, speaking last night at a dinner given in his honor by Frank A. Munsey in the ballroom of the Ritz-Carlton, predicted that Germany, to encourage her home industries after the war, would probably do all her foreign buying through a Central Committee.
“If we are to give in this country an hour-hour day, then we must give to the manufacturer and the laboring man some measure of protection against those countries in which the laboring men work ten hours and over and where many women work,” the Ambassador said.
“If our peace and prosperity is to continue,” he went on, “we must give permission for business men to combine for foreign trade. Probably in Germany no one after the war will be permitted to buy anywhere except in Germany. Probably a buying committee will be formed to do the buying.”
This system, he thought, would be in vogue in other European countries. It was of advantage, he said, in that it allowed the making of better bargains.
“I thank you for this reception,” he said, before taking his seat. “Your welcome has given me a new strength to go back to Germany to stand up not only for the political rights, but the commercial rights of the United States.”
# The New York Times/1916/11/22/Germans in Grain Country

GERMANS IN GRAIN COUNTRY.
Wallachian Plains a Rich Source of Food Supply.
BERLIN, Nov. 21, (via Sayville.)—While not minimizing the grim death grapple on the Somme and the tactical successes scored by the English there, all German military eyes are today more than ever turned toward the Rumanian theatre, where Germany is forcing the fighting to bring about a decision, and whence comes the news that General von Falkenhayn has at last broken the long deadlock in the Transylvanian Alps and that his right, operating in two columns through the Vulcan and Szurduk passes, has at last broken through the mountain barrier into the fruitful Wallachian plain where cavalry can operate to advantage, and that he is still pursuing the beaten Rumanians at the important Orsova–Craiova railway, which is cut on a broad front.
The Rumanian forces at Orsova are threatened with being cut off, as they have no other railways of retreat, or, as a high staff officer remarked today, “They won’t play much of a rôle in the future.”
The importance of Falkenhayn’s break into the Wallachian plain is not only tactical, but strategic. The effect should make itself quickly felt all along Falkenhayn’s front, in the first line by General Krafft von Dellmensingen, whose Alpine troops have already won an exit through Rothenthurm Pass out of the mountains and are now hitting up a faster pace through the lower southern foothills of the Transylvanian Alps. Falkenhayn’s drive into the Wallachian plain and resultant faster motion of the warfare is also expected shortly to make itself felt on other points, where the Rumanians are throwing in their reserves in desperate attacks to check the German flanking operations.
Economically, too, Falkenhayn has got a grip on an important direct railway line running through Orsova to Temesvar, which will prove most useful in relieving Rumania of surplus grain when further progress is made in conquering the Wallachian granary.
Of Rumania's three great strategic centres—Dobrudja, Bucharest, and Craiova—Craiova, 110 miles west of Bucharest, 70 miles south of the Vulcan Pass, and 75 miles southeast of Orsova, forms the western defense of the military camp at Bucharest, the political capital of the country.
Three passes converge on Craiova—the Verciorova, or the Iron Gates; the Vulcan, and the Rothenthurm, or Red Tower. Both the Verciosova and the Rothenshurm, by which von Falkenhayn has made his furtherest advance, carry railways. The Verciorova is still held by the Rumanians, who on Aug. 30 established themselves at Orsova. This force is now in a position to be cut off by the invaders, or, if strong enough and supported from Bucharest, to cut von Falkenhayn’s lines of communication through the Rothenthurm Pass.
# The Overland Monthly/1894/Autumn on the Columbia

AUTUMN ON THE COLUMBIA.
S. A. Clarke.
# The Oval Portrait

* "The Oval Portrait", in The Works of the Late Edgar Allan Poe, Volume 1 (1850)
* "The Oval Portrait", illustrated by Arthur Rackham, in Poe's Tales of Mystery and Imagination (1935)
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The Overland Mail

* "The Overland-Mail" in Poems That Every Child Should Know (1904)
* "The Overland Mail" in Departmental Ditties and Ballads and Barrack-Room Ballads (1919)
* "The Overland Mail" in Rudyard Kipling's Verse, Inclusive Edition, 1885-1918 (1919)
# The Outsider

* "The Outsider" in Weird Tales, 7 (4) (April 1926)
* "The Outsider" in Weird Tales, 17 (4) (June-July 1931)
# The Outpost

When evening cools the yellow stream,  And shadows stalk the jungle’s ways,  Zimbabwe’s palace flares ablaze For a great King who fears to dream.
For he alone of all mankind  Waded the swamp that serpents shun;  And struggling toward the setting sun, Came on the veldt that lies behind.
No other eyes had vented there  Since eyes were lent for human sight—  But there, as sunset turned to night, He found the Elder Secret’s lair.
Strange turrets rose beyond the plain,  And walls and bastions spread around  The distant domes that fouled the ground Like leprous fungi after rain.
A grudging moon writhed up to shine  Past leagues where life can have no home;  And paling far-off tower and dome, Shewed each unwindowed and malign.
Then he who in his boyhood ran  Through vine-hung ruins free of fear,  Trembled at what he saw—for here Was no dead, ruined seat of man.
Inhuman shapes, half-seen, half-guessed,  Half solid and half ether-spawned,  Seethed down from starless voids that yawned In heav’n, to these blank walls of pest.
And voidward from that pest-mad zone  Amorphous hordes seethed darkly back,  Their dim claws laden with the wrack Of things that men have dreamed and known.
The ancient Fishers from Outside—  Were there not tales the high-priest told,  Of how they found the worlds of old, And took what pelf their fancy spied?
Their hidden, dread-ringed outposts brood  Upon a million worlds of space;  Abhorred by every living race, Yet scatheless in their solitude.
Sweating with fright, the watcher crept  Back to the swamp that serpents shun,  So that he lay, by rise of sun, Safe in the palace where he slept.
None saw him leave, or come at dawn,  Nor does his flesh bear any mark  Of what he met in that curst dark— Yet from his sleep all peace has gone.
When evening cools the yellow stream,  And shadows stalk the jungle’s ways,  Zimbabwe’s palace flares ablaze, For a great King who fears to dream.
# The Philosophical Review/Volume 1/Summary: Nitsche - Die Dimensionen der Wahrscheinlichkeit und die Evidenz der Ungewissheit

V. f. w. Ph. = Vierteljahrschrift für wissenschaftliche Philosophie
N. takes for his text a sentence which R. v. Meinong wrote (Gött. gel. Anz., 1890, Nv. 2, S. 56 if.) about "The Principles of Probability-Calculation" (Die Principien der Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung), a work of Johannes v. Kries : "The physical phenomenon of supposing expresses itself not only in the quantity whose extremes are yes and no, but also in a second dimension, seeing that every supposition has a greater or less degree of certainty." He tries to examine what the expression "evidence of uncertainty" can mean. We know, e.g. that the probability of throwing a number greater than one on a geometrical die is 5/6; but what would be the probability of throwing a number greater than one on a die which we have before us for the first time, and which only looks like a geometrical die? He takes, also, other examples from v. Kries' book, and finds that we have to distinguish in every judgment with measured degree of probability three kinds of certainty: 1. The certainty of the valuation at equality of a series of judgments, through which all the possible determinations of a given thing-content are, by way of experiment, asserted under a given kind of conditions. 2. The certainty which falls on a given single phenomenon, or on a group of phenomena considered as one, through the valuation at equality of the (different possible) judgments. 3. The certainty of the computation process. In closing, N. examines R. v. Meinong's supposition that the conviction that a given memory image refers to an experienced reality, does not rest on immediate evidence, but on a supposition-evidence.
# The Philosophical Review/Volume 1/Summary: Naville - La beauté organique

A doctrine very generally admitted is that all beauty is 'expressive.' What is meant by this may be true, but the word is not a happy one. Æsthetics in general needs a new terminology. (N. acknowledges his obligations to M. Boutmy for certain of his own views.) Man has two kinds of representations: (1) representations of material objects and phenomena; (2) representations of psychic states and events. Both have an aesthetic role. Against the doctrine of universal expression it is necessary first to maintain the reality of purely sensible or material beauty. This is the first requisite of the aesthetic value of a work. To this category belong sensible qualities thought by association. But one also speaks of a beautiful thought, a beautiful sentiment, etc. Here one is concerned, not with direct perception or even association, but with imagination. The 'expressive' phenomena form a very important group of these facts, but there are others. N. defines 'expressive' phenomena as certain traits or motions of animal or human bodies, which are the effects of the spiritual life, and which manifest it, voluntarily or involuntarily. An angry flash of the eye or a cry of terror would be an example. Thesis: there are corporeal structures and motions which are not 'expressive,' and of which the aesthetic effect consists especially in this, that they make us imagine and reproduce sympathetically in ourselves sentiments and thoughts which we attribute to others; e.g., we imagine what must be the feelings of freedom and power of an eagle that we see soaring through the sky. It is in effects of this order that the greater part of the beauty of animal life resides. We should not think animals so beautiful, if we regarded them as automata without feeling. It is the same with man, except that here the 'expressive' phenomena play a much more important part. The three principal aesthetic elements, then, are: (1) sensible beauty, (2) 'expressive' beauty, (3) 'organic' beauty, which comes from the sympathetic reproduction of feelings which we attribute to others. All of these may, and usually should, concur in the total effect. Morality may sometimes look askance at sensible beauty, but should welcome 'organic' beauty. It is the presence of this latter and the comparative neglect of the former which ​so clearly distinguish the works of Michel Angelo from much of Greek sculpture.
# The Philosophical Review/Volume 1/Summary: Parry - Sur quelques minimums perceptibles d'odeur

The odorous substances used were not complex natural 'essences,' but bodies which were chemically well defined. Expressing the threshold values in millionths of a gramme, P. found for camphor 5, for ether 1, for citral 0.5, for vanilla 0.005. The odoriferous power of an odor is to be distinguished from its intensity: the former is inversely as the threshold value; the latter is determined by the relative amount of a substance required to mask the odor of another. Thus, when threshold amounts of citral and vanilla are put together in a flask, the vanilla alone is perceived; but if the citral is increased tenfold in weight, the vanilla would have to be increased one hundred times to be perceptible. The intense substances correspond to Beaunis' odors [short reaction time]; and the powerful substances to Beaunis' perfumes [long reaction time]. The 'minimum perceptible' varies with different individuals, and with the same individual at different times.
# The Philosophical Review/Volume 1/Summary: Pfeifer - Der aesthetische Contrast in den Erscheimmgen des Erhabenen

Phil. Jahr. = Philosophisches Jahrbuch
This connects with a preceding article (Bd. II, pp. 164 ff.) on aesthetic contrasts. In the case of the sublime, contrast is especially significant. Kant maintains (Critique of Judgment, sect. 27) that in the apprehension of the sublime, imagination and reason come into conflict, since the sublime object surpasses the capacity of the imagination, but conforms to the reason. While he finds this contrast a subjective one, the writer tries to show that in all cases, but especially in those of moral sublimity, it has an objective reality. Such a conflict as Kant finds, while possibly existent elsewhere, certainly does not appear in the cases of moral sublimity, for in such cases the imagination has no incentive to attempt aesthetic appreciation, and thus to run counter to reason. Rather do our sympathy on the one hand, and our reason on the other, arouse conflicting feelings, which represent and reproduce the objective contrast.