OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The New York Times/1918/11/11/Classified/Hotels and Restaurants

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HOTELS AND RESTAURANTS.
HOTEL NEWTON
2528 B'way, bet. 94th & 95th Sts.
SUBWAY EXPRESS AT 96TH ST.
RATES: Single, $1.50 to $4.00 a day. Double: $2.00 to $5.00 a day.
HOTEL LAURELTON
147-9 West 55th St., Near 7th Ave. A Hotal of Quality and Refinement ATTRACTIVE, SUNNY SUITES OF 2 ROOMS & BATH, $135 PER MO.
Restaurant—Popular Prices.
J. G. BOGGS. Tel. Circle 240
# The New York Times/1918/11/11/Classified/Public Notices

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PUBLIC NOTICES.
LADY WITH NEW CAR AND CHAUFfeur, desires two persons, to motor to California, each paying one-third running expense of car. L 300 Times.
# The New York Times/1918/11/11/Classified/Resorts

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RESORTS.
NEW YORK.
MOUNTAIN HOUSE, Valhalla, Westchester County, N.Y.—City comforts; country sports; private baths; 45 minutes from 42d St.; $10 and up; furnished cottages; booklet.
NEW JERSEY—Lakewood.
Laurel House
Lakewood, N.J.
Favorably located for autumn and winter patronage, 60 miles from New York in the famous pine belt of New Jerset. Now open.
A. J. Murphy, Mgr. C. V. Murphy, Asst. Mgr.
NEW JERSEY—Atlantic City.
Hotel Dennis, ATLANTIC CITY, N.J.
Situated, planned and managed to give comfort and health.
WALTER J. BUZBY
Marlborough-Blenheim
The leading Resort House of the World ATLANTIC CITY, N. J. "THE NATION'S HEALTH SHOP" Health is Efficiency
A Germicide Climate and Clean Streets. No Dust. No Dirt. Innumerable Outdoor Recreations and Indoor Entertainments.
Ownership Management, Swann, White & Serb Co.
The Breakers
ATLANTIC CITY'S NEWEST FIREPROOF HOTEL
Ocean Front. Unusually attractive during Autumn and Winter Seasons. Luxurious lobbies and beautifully furnished Sun Parlors thoroughly heated. Charming afternoon musicals with complimentary Tea Service. Garage
AMERICAN and EUROPEAN PLANS
ROYAL PALACE Hotel and Cottages on the Beach ATLANTIC CITY, N.J.
EVERY CONVENIENCE FOR COMFORT AND PLEASURE NEAR ALL PIERS AND AMUSEMENTS Cap. 600. Special Winter Rates. Diet Kitchen. Open All Year. S. Henstein, Prop.
# The New Student's Reference Work/National Banks

See also the disclaimer.
​National Banks. See Banks.
# The New Student's Reference Work/National Debt

See also Government debt on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​National Debt is the debt of a nation or government contracted by their legislative representatives. In early times these were comparatively small, because the government, as well as the individual, had to give security for the indebtedness; but since the commencement of the present system of banking and the ability of governments to issue interest-bearing evidences of indebtedness in the shape of bonds, the national debts have in many cases, as that of France, become quite enormous. Regarding the origin of these vast obligations, the most prolific cause is the wars in which the different nations have from time to time engaged. Thus the Civil War added about $2,500,000,000 to the national debt of the United States. Of late, however, the governments have borrowed money for different public purposes, as building railroads and telegraph lines and equipping armies and navies. The present system of securing the national debt is by the issue of bonds, bearing a stated rate of interest, payable quarterly, and maturing or becoming due at a certain date. The debt of the United States is in part secured in this way and in part by the issue by the government of greenbacks or paper currency, actually nothing more or less than promissory notes, due upon demand, at presentation at the United States treasury. The method adopted in the United States for the payment of the debt is by the taxation of spirits, whiskey, tobacco and butterine, by charging certain amounts for the traffic in these articles and by the levy of a tax or tariff on articles imported into the country. The greatest amount ever owed by this government was $2,773,236,173 in 1866, directly after the Civil War, but this was reduced to $798,137,603 28 in 1892. The total debt on July 1, 1910, was $2,652,665,838. Deducting $1,725,683,064, the cash in the treasury on the same date, the net debt was $926,982,733. The indebtedness of the chief nations ​in 1909, according to the Bureau of Statistics of the Department of Commerce and Labor, U. S. A., was: Great Britain (funded and unfunded debt), $3,839,620,745; France, total debt, including interest and annuities, $5,898,675,451; Germany, total debt (bearing interest at 3% and 3½%), less war treasury fund, about $1,094,790,975; Russia, total debt, including that incurred for state railroads, $4,558,152,565; Italy, $2,602,299,757; Austria-Hungary, consolidated and floating debt, $1,063,725,105; China, outstanding foreign debt (raised chiefly to meet expenses connected with the war with Japan), $601,916,605; Japan, $1,287,604,261; Mexico, $219,899,231; and Canada $323,930,279.
# The New Student's Reference Work/National Educational Association

See also National Education Association on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Na′tional Educational Association. This important body was organized as the outcome of a convention of teachers in Philadelphia in August, 1857. It declared its object to be “to elevate the character and advance the interests of the profession of teaching and to promote the cause of popular education in the U. S.” The association holds yearly national conventions at different centers. In 1866 women were admitted to full membership. In 1870, when the title was changed from National Association to National Educational Association, began the policy of organizing different departments for the purpose of giving special attention to problems which chiefly interest given classes of teachers. In this way were organized the department of normal schools, the department of school-superintendents, both of which had previously existed as independent societies meeting by consent with the association, with the new department of elementary education and of higher education. The N. E. A. has held regular annual meetings except in 1861, 1862, 1867, 1878, 1893 and 1906. Its proceedings form a valuable storehouse of expert opinion and scientific research upon miscellaneous educational topics and problems. For many years, nevertheless, the membership was low; but in 1884 the enrollment reached 2,729. A permanent fund was inaugurated, now amounting to a very considerable sum. In 1886 the Association was incorporated for 20 years at Washington, D. C., and in February, 1906, it was re-incorporated by Act of Congress. The N. E. A. may be regarded as an organized attempt at social participation in the task of distributing to each the accumulated experience of all. In 1895 a permanent active membership was created, which now numbers many thousand, and in 1898 provision was made for a permanent and salaried secretary, to give his whole time to the Association. In its jubilee year (1907), which the N. E. A. celebrated at Los Angeles, Cal., the important step was taken of the separate publication of an index supplement to the Proceedings from 1857. They are rich in valuable material.
# The New Student's Reference Work/National Forests

See also the disclaimer.
​National Forests. See Forest-Reserves and Forest-Service.
# The New Student's Reference Work/National Parks

See also National park on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​National Parks. Forest-reserves and national parks are often confused, but they are not the same things. Forest-reserves (q. v.) are areas for the protection of natural resources by the national administration. National parks are large tracts of public lands reserved from settlement or residence and also retained, maintained and improved by the federal government. As the government has laid out some of our great tracts of forest, as well as stretches of land of unusual beauty, as national parks, it follows that some of the forest-reserves are parks, though not all of the parks are forests. The present national parks were created during 1872-1904, and have an area of 5,276,272 acres or more, and play no small part in the improvement and development of all other parks throughout the United States. Among the more important national parks, ranking them according to their extent, are the Yellowstone (q. v.) in Montana and Wyoming; Tacoma (or Rainier) in Washington; Yosemite (q. v.), Sequoia and Grant in California; Hot Springs (q. v.) in Arkansas; Crater Lake in Oregon; and Casa Grandé in Arizona. Yellowstone Park, including the Teton and Yellowstone timber-reservations, covers 5,575 square miles (or 2,142,720 acres in the park proper), three fourths of the area of Massachusetts; Rainier 2,000,000 acres; Yosemite 1,512 square miles; Sequoia, where only Mariposa Grove is efficiently protected, 250 square miles; Grant four square miles; Hot Springs 912 acres; and Casa Grandé 480 acres. Consult government reports and Muir's Our National Parks.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Natural Bridge, The

See also Natural Bridge (Virginia) on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Nat′ural Bridge, The, an arch of limestone which spans a small river in Virginia, one of the features of the landscape in the far-famed Shenandoah valley. It stands among cascades, caverns and deep pine-woods, a mighty arch of a single stone. It is 215½ feet in height and 100 wide, and has a span of 80 feet. It is west of the Blue Ridge, and 14 miles from Lexington, Virginia.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Natick, Mass.

See also Natick, Massachusetts on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Natick (nā′tĭk), Mass., a town in Middlesex County, on Charles River, 17 miles from Boston. Its most important manufactures are boots, shoes, men's clothing, shirts, boxes, edged tools, baseballs and supplies for athletic games. Its noteworthy institutions are Bacon Public Library, Morse Institute and Walnut Hill High School for young women. The place was founded by John Eliot as a home for converted Indians, and from 1651 until the founder's death was used as such. It was incorporated as a town in 1781. Natick has a monument to John Eliot and a soldiers' monument, with the service of the Boston and Albany Railroad. Population 9,633.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Natural Gas

See also Natural gas on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Natural Gas, combustible gas which escapes from beneath the soil in such quantities that it may be used for fuel or illuminating purposes. In its natural state the gas occurs in porous sedimentary rocks, and, when proper openings are made, it rises to the surface. Wells are drilled for gas, as for oil or water. Natural gas is the product of decay or distillation of organic matter buried in sand, mud etc. By its burial the organic matter is shut off from contact with the air, and hence the gases arising from its deposition and distillation are not completely oxidized. Organic matter is now being imbedded in sands and muds which are in process of deposition on lake and sea bottoms. Under proper conditions this might ultimately give rise to gas. Natural gas is really a mixture of several gases in ​variable proportions; among them marsh-gas (CH₄) and hydrogen are usually most abundant. Natural gas is widely distributed. It is extensively utilized in Indiana, Pennsylvania, Ohio, West Virginia, New York and California; to a limited but still important extent in Kansas and Kentucky; and to a slight extent in Utah, Colorado, Illinois, Missouri and Texas. The flow of gas from a well usually is of short duration. It may last for a few months or even years, but not indefinitely. The popular notion that the withdrawal of gas from beneath the surface leads to earthquakes is wholly without foundation. The gas occurs in the pores of rock, and its escape does not make the rock less firm or substantial. Gas occurs in rock formations of various ages. Some of it comes from rocks as old as the ordovician (see Geology), and some of it from formations as young as the tertiary or even pleistocene. Natural gas and petroleum are probably associated in origin, as they often are in their distribution.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Naturalization

See also Naturalization on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Nat′uraliza′tion, the process by which a person born in another country becomes possessed of the privileges and is placed under the obligations of a citizen of the country in which he resides. It involves the renunciation of allegiance to one country and the adoption of the other. It was not until 1870 that Great Britain recognized such a renunciation by any of its subjects, and before that time would charge with treason any person having so done, if he bore arms against Britain; but in that year a treaty was made by which Englishmen who had been naturalized in this country, were treated as citizens of the United States and vice versa. The conditions upon which one can become naturalized differ materially in various countries. In the United States a foreigner must make oath of his intention to become a citizen. If at this time he has resided three years in the United States, he receives what are known as his “first papers.” Then, after the lapse of two years, upon a sworn substantiation of his good morals, a five years' residence and a renunciation of all allegiance to any and all foreign monarchs or potentates and all titles of nobility, before any one of the superior, district or circuit courts, he becomes a citizen of the United States. In Great Britain five years' residence or service under the crown entitles a foreigner to a certificate of naturalization, procurable from one of the principal secretaries of state. The British colonies make their own rules for becoming a citizen, applicable, however, only to the colony in which they are made. In France a foreigner, after having obtained permission to reside, may receive a certificate of declaration of intention after three years' residence, and by the French naturalization act of 1889 may become naturalized after ten years residence without any preliminaries. In Germany an applicant must show that the laws of his country allow him to renounce it, that he is residing in Germany, leading a respectable life, and has a means of livelihood; then the higher administrative power issues his papers. In all countries a married woman is considered as subject to the country in which her husband is naturalized, and a father's naturalization carries with it that of his minor children. See Nationality by Chief-Justice Cockburn.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Surakarta (residency)

Edition of 1905. See also the disclaimer.
​SURAKARTA, so͞o′rȧ-kär′tȧ. A residency in the central part of Java, between Samarang and Surabaya. Area, 2404 square miles. The residency is one of the so-called independent States, and is governed by a native ‘emperor,’ who is subsidized by the Dutch and wholly under their control. Capital, Surakarta. Population, in 1897, 1,226,368.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Surbiton

Edition of 1905. See also Surbiton on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​SUR′BITON. A town in Surrey, England, on the Thames, one mile south of Kingston, with which its industries are identified. Surbiton Common witnessed the last stand of the Royalists in the Civil War. Population, in 1891, 12,178; in 1901, 15,019.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Surabaya (residency)

Edition of 1905. See also the disclaimer.
​SURABAYA, so͞o′rȧ-bä′yȧ. The most populous residency in Java. Area, 2091 square miles. The soil is fertile and produces an abundance of rice, coffee, sugar-cane, indigo, and tobacco. Capital, Surabaya. Population, in 1897, 2,217,120.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Surat

Edition of 1905. See also Surat on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​SURAT, so͞o-rät′. The capital of a district of the same name, Bombay, British India, 150 miles by rail north of Bombay and about 15 miles from its port, Swalli, at the mouth of the Tapti, in the Gulf of Cambay (Map: India, B 4). The town is surrounded on the landward side by a brick wall. It has numerous mosques and several Hindu and Parsi temples and the palace of the former Nawab of Surat. The Tapti, owing to a sand-bar, affords entry only to small vessels, and the commerce of Surat, which from the sixteenth century to the eighteenth century was very extensive, has been steadily diverted to Bombay. Surat is a place of military importance, with a castle dating from 1540, centrally situated on the river front, and a cantonment, the residence of a British military commandant and other dignitaries. Surat rose into importance as the spot whence the Mohammedans of Hindustan embarked on their pilgrimage to Mecca. In 1612 the English East India Company established a factory here, which for some time was their principal trading station in India. In 1759 the castle was made over to the English and in 1800 they assumed the administration of the town. Population, in 1901, 118,364.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Surabaya (city)

Edition of 1905. See also Surabaya on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​SURABAYA, or SOERABAYA. The largest city in Java, and the capital of the Residency of Surabaya, situated in the eastern part of the north coast, at the mouth of the Kediri River, two days by rail from Batavia; latitude 7° 12′ S., longitude 112° 34′ E. (Map: East India Islands, D 6). It has regular steam communication with the other cities in the island and archipelago. It has a good harbor and strong fortifications and is the military and naval headquarters of the Dutch East Indies. The houses are generally separated by gardens. Simpang, the suburb, contains the home of the resident and a large hospital. The shipbuilding industry is important. The trade in rice, coffee, cotton, sugar, tobacco, and cocoanuts is very extensive. Population, in 1897, 142,980, of whom 6988 were Europeans, 121,075 natives, and 12,133 Chinese.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Surakarta (city)

Edition of 1905. See also Surakarta on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​SURAKARTA, or SOERAKARTA. The capital of the Residency of Surakarta, Java, on the left bank of the Solo River and on the railway between Samarang and Surabaya (Map: East India Islands, D 6). It is the residence of the native prince, whose palace is directly opposite the great fort called Vastenburg in the middle of the city. Population, in 1897, 86,074.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Surds

Edition of 1905. See also the disclaimer.
​SURDS. See Irrational Numbers.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Suresnes

Edition of 1905. See also Suresnes on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​SURESNES, sụ′rā̇n′. A town of the Department of Seine, France, at the foot of Mont Valérien, on the left bank of the Seine, seven and a half miles west of Paris (Map: France, B 6). In 1593 a conference was held here which resulted in the adoption of Catholicism by Henry IV. Population, in 1901, 11,225.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Surette, Thomas Whitney

Edition of 1905. See also Category:Thomas Whitney Surette on Wikimedia Commons; and the disclaimer.
​SURETTE, so͞o-rĕt′, Thomas Whitney (1862—). An American organist and composer. He was born in Concord, Mass., and studied music under Arthur Foote and J. K. Paine. In 1883 he became organist in his native town, and in 1894-96 was organist and choirmaster of Christ Church, Baltimore. In 1896 he became interested in the University Extension movement, and devoted most of his time to lecturing under its auspices on musical subjects. He also lectured on music at the University of the State of New York, Albany; at Oxford University, England; and at Mill Hill Abbey, London. As a composer he became known by his operetta Priscilla (1899), which has been frequently performed. In the same year he produced in Pittsburg a romantic opera named Cascabel, and also set Keats's Eve of Saint Agnes as a dramatic ballad.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Massasauga

See also the disclaimer.
​ Massasauga. See Rattlesnake.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Maximilian

See also Maximilian I of Mexico on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Maximilian, Emperor of Mexico. Ferdinand Maximilian Joseph, archduke of Austria, was born on July 6, 1832, at Vienna, and was the younger brother of Francis Joseph I. He became an admiral of the Austrian navy, and in 1857-59 he was popular as governor of the Lombardo-Venetian territory. In 1862 the French interfered in the affairs of Mexico, and next year called together an assembly of notables, which offered the crown to Maximilian. After carefully reviewing the offer he accepted it, and in June, 1864, he entered Mexico. For a time all went well, but he was unable to keep the Mexican parties under control. Juarez, the republican leader, again raised the standard of ​independence; and soon after (1866) Louis Napoleon was forced to think of withdrawing his troops. In vain the Empress Charlotte went to Europe to enlist aid for her husband; her reason gave way under the strain of excitement and grief brought on by disappointment. When the French withdrew, Maximilian felt bound in honor to stay and share the fate of his followers. At the head of 8,000 men he made a brave defense of Querétaro against a republican army under Escobedo. In May, 1867, he was betrayed and tried by court-martial, and on July 19 he was shot. His death was directly due to his own fatal edict of Oct. 3, 1865, that all Mexicans taken in arms against the empire should be shot without trial. See Kendall’s Mexico under Maximilian.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Massachusetts Indians

See also Native Americans in the United States on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​ Massachusetts Indians. Massachusetts when first settled was occupied by five Algonquin tribes: the Pennacooks, the Massachusetts, the Nausets, the Pokanokets and the Nipmucks. These tribes were all friendly, save the Nausets, with whom Plymouth made a treaty of peace. Missions among the Indians were begun by the Mayhews of Martha's Vineyard in 1644 and by John Eliot two years later. After five years' work Eliot gathered “the praying Indians,” as the converts were called, at Natick, and translated the Bible into their language. By 1674 the Christian Indians numbered 3,200. The next year King Philip's war broke out, which began with the rising of the Pokanokets under Philip, their chief, and spread to the Nipmucks, Massachusetts and Pennacooks. The frontier settlements were ravaged; the praying Indians were attacked by red men and by white men, and the savages were not conquered nor the war ended until the death of Philip in 1676. Many Indians were sent as slaves to the West Indies; the Pennacooks mostly joined tribes eastward or in Canada; the others quieted down and were given lands from time to time. They have since mostly intermarried with whites or negroes, and now there are less than 100 full-blooded Indians in the state. See Abbott's History of King Philip and Moore's Life of John Eliot.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Mauch Chunk

See also Jim Thorpe, Pennsylvania on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Mauch Chunk (mak' chŭnk'), a mining town of Pennsylvania, lies among picturesque hills on the Lehigh, 90 miles northwest of Philadelphia. There is a switchback railroad, nine miles long, from the town to Summit Hill, famous for its burning mines, which have been on fire since 1858. Population 3,969.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Massasoit

See also Massasoit on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​ Massasoit (măs'sȧ-soit'), a chief of the Pokanoket or Wampanoag Indians, ruled over most of southern Massachusetts from Cape Cod to Narragansett Bay. His tribe, once some 30,000 in number, shortly before the landing of the English had lost all but about 300 by pestilence. In 1621, three months after Plymouth had been founded, Massasoit and 60 warriors, armed and painted, came to the settlement and made a treaty of peace. This treaty was kept for 50 years, and Massasoit always was friendly to the settlers. His home was where Warren, R. I., now stands, and here he entertained Roger Williams for several weeks when on his way to Providence after being banished from Massachusetts. Massasoit was honest, kept his word and loved peace. He died in 1661. His son Pometacom, on his father's death, went to Plymouth and asked to be given an English name. He was named Philip, and became the leader in King Philip's war.