OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jervais, Thomas

​JERVAIS (JARVIS), THOMAS (d. 1799), glass-painter, was a native of Dublin, and practised there, together with his brother John (d. 1804), as a glass-painter, paying great attention to the scientific details of his profession. He was advised to come to London, and on his arrival there he was employed by Lord Cremorne to paint numerous small bits of glass for his villa at Chelsea. Jervais painted on glass in opaque colours, and held an exhibition at Charing Cross of specimens from his works, including effects of moonlight, firelight, and winter scenes. In 1777 he was employed to execute his most ​important work, the transference on to glass of Sir Joshua Reynolds's designs for the great window in New College Chapel, Oxford. This work was completed in 1787, and was much admired at the time, though both the design and the execution have since been severely censured. Another work of a similar description, executed in conjunction with his pupil, Forrest, was the filling in of the great east window of St. George's Chapel, Windsor, with stained glass from a huge design by Benjamin West, representing the ‘Resurrection.’ This was also greatly admired, and a solemn service was held at its inauguration, at which Miss Burney was present (see Madame d'Arblay, Diary, 1 Jan. 1787). As at New College, both the design and Jervais's method of execution were wholly unsuited to the place, and the window has now been removed. Jervais on retiring from his profession lived at Windsor, where he died on 29 Aug. 1799. In the design of the ‘Nativity’ in the upper portion of the window at New College, Reynolds introduced his own portrait and that of Jervais as shepherds. The original drawing is now at Wentworth Woodhouse, Yorkshire.
[Redgrave's Dict. of Artists; Dallaway's Anecdotes of the Arts in England; Gent. Mag. lxix. (1799) 819; Leslie and Taylor's Life and Times of Sir Joshua Reynolds.]
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jerningham, Henry

​JERNINGHAM, Sir HENRY (d. 1571), an adherent of Queen Mary, was the eldest son and heir of Sir Edward Jernegan of Huntingfield, Suffolk, by his second wife, Mary, daughter of Lord Scroop. The manor of Cossey (or Costessy), Norfolk, was granted him in 1547, and he thus became the founder of the Cossey branch of the Jernegan family, spelling the name Jerningham to distinguish his branch from the Somerleyton Jernegans. He was the first to appear openly on Mary's side, joining her at Kenninghall with his tenantry in July 1553, immediately after Edward's death. He then proceeded to raise forces for her in Norfolk and Suffolk, and while she raised her standard at Framlingham went on to Yarmouth to guard the coast. Here he successfully defied a squadron of the fleet and persuaded the captains to surrender, he and the Yarmouth burgesses taking possession of their ships in Mary's name. He proceeded to London with the new queen, and was rewarded by the posts of vice-chamberlain of the royal household, captain of the guard, and a seat on the privy council (31 July 1553), the offices vacated by the attainder of Sir John Gates. On 29 Sept. he was also created a K.B. Jerningham went with Norfolk against Wyatt, and routed him on his way to Rochester; their forces were, however, routed by the rebels on Rochester Bridge, but Jerningham rallied his division at Charing Cross, and finally defeated Wyatt's men (1554). In 1556 Jerningham was appointed a commissioner to examine into the conspiracy of Clerbery, and became master of the horse the next year. He was in high favour throughout Mary's reign, and entrusted with constant state business by the queen (see correspondence in State Papers, Dom. Calendar, 1547–80, pp. 57, 101, 106, 108). He received the offices of keeper of the royal parks at Eltham and at Horne, Kent, with the various sources of income pertaining to these manors, besides being allowed to keep a hundred retainers of his own. On Elizabeth's accession he was deprived of his seat on the privy council, and his name no longer appears in state affairs. He died in 1571, leaving by his wife Mary, daughter of Sir Edward Baynham, in whose right he was lord of Beding​field, Suffolk, two sons and two daughters. His estate was left to his wife for her life.
[Collins's Baronage, ed. 1741, i. 456; Machyn's Diary, pp. 8, 37, 38, 39, 45, 51, 131, 162; Stow's Chronicle, p. 611; Chron. of Queen Jane and Queen Mary (Camd. Soc.), pp. 5, 8, 37, &c.; Strype's Memorials (Clar. Press ed.), III. i. 26, 44, 53, 55, 131, 549, ii. 23, 75, 160, 527, 532; Annals, i. ii. 358, 370; Blomefield's Norfolk, ii. 416; Burnet's Reformation, ii. i. 540.]
E. T. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jerome, Stephen

​JEROME, STEPHEN (fl. 1604–1650), miscellaneous writer, was educated at St. John's College, Cambridge, where he proceeded B.A. in 1604, and M.A. in 1607. In 1619 he was a preacher at St. Nicholas's Church, Newcastle (cf. Ambrose Barnes, Memoirs, p. 305, Surtees Society). Writing from Ireland in 1624, he describes himself as ‘domesticke chaplain to the Rt. Hon. Earl of Corke,’ and in his old age he seems to have resided at Greenwich (see his Minister's Mite, Pref.)
Jerome's first work of any interest was ‘Origen's Repentance: after he had sacrificed to the Jdols of the Heathen; gathered from Svidas, Nicephorus, Osiander, and the Greeke and Latine coppies in Origen's Works. Illustrated and applied to the case of every poore penitent who in remorse of soule shall have recourse to the Throne of Grace,’ London (by Jn. Beale for Roger Jackson), 1619, sm. 4to (Arber, Stationers' Comp. Reg. 20 July 1618). This tract, written in doggerel verse, is of great rarity; it is divided into three sections, each section containing a ‘century of stanzaes.’ Extracts from the interesting preface, dated ‘from my house at Newcastle, May 12th,’ are given in Barnes's ‘Memoirs.’ Jerome's best-known work is his ‘Ireland's Jubilee; or Ioye's Io-paean, for Prince Charles his Welcome home. With the Blessings of Great Brittaine … pressed and expressed,’ Dublin, 1624, 4to. The avowed object of this work, a curious mosaic of scriptural and other quotations and allusions, is to congratulate the Prince of Wales on his safe ‘reduction from Spain;’ but it is in reality more a commentary upon biblical than upon contemporary personages and events. According to Dibdin (Libr. Comp. i. 255) the book is second only in rarity to Cranford's ‘Teares of Ireland.’
Jerome also wrote: 1. ‘Moses his Sight of Canaan,’ London, 1614, 8vo. 2. ‘Seaven Helps to Heaven … ,’ 2 pts., 3rd edit., London, 1620, 4to. 3. ‘A Minister's Mite. Cast into the stocke of a weake Memory: helpt by Rules and Experiments. With a Winter Night Schoole's Tutoring Discourse to Generous Youth,’ London, 1650.
[Cooper's Memorials of Cambridge, ii. 115; Hazlitt's Handbook, 1st ser.; Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Notes and Queries, 2nd ser. ix. 144; Brit. Mus. Cat.]
T. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jermyn, James

​JERMYN, JAMES (d. 1852), philologist, was the third son of Robert Jermyn, captain of a ship, but afterwards collector of the customs at Southwold, Suffolk, by Mary, daughter and coheiress of Dr. Samuel Rye ​ of Halesworth in the same county (Nichols, Herald and Genealogist, v. 438). Henry Jermyn (1767–1820) [q. v.] was his cousin. He was called to the bar, but being possessed of a private fortune did not practise. After residing for a time at Brighthelmstone, Sussex, he settled at Southwold, where he was appointed collector of the pier dues. He died in 1852. In 1822 he married Emily Harriott (1793–1824), only surviving child of his cousin Henry, by whom he had three daughters.
Jermyn's chief publications are: 1. ‘The Halesworth Review, from 14th September to 14th October 1808’ [anon.], 8vo, Halesworth, 1808. It contains notices of the various pamphlets published at Halesworth about that time respecting plays, especially those by the Rev. John Dennant. Relating to the same subject is ‘The Halesworth Dunciad, a Satire on Pedantry, addressed to the Censor of the Stage’ (i.e. J. Dennant), 4to, Halesworth, 1808, which has also been ascribed to Jermyn. 2. ‘Opus Epithetorum’ [anon.], 8vo, privately printed, London, (1815?), a specimen of an intended dictionary of epithets used by Jermyn. 3. ‘Phrases. Specimen of an arrangement of English Phrases faithfully collected from the Works of our principal Poets, from the time of Chaucer to the present Period’ [anon.], 8vo, privately printed (London? 1818?). 4. ‘Gradus ad Parnassum. On a plan nearly resembling that of the Latin work … being an arrangement of our principal Synonyms, Epithets, and Phrases, faithfully collected from the Works of the best Poets’ [anon.], 8vo, privately printed (London? 1820?). 5. ‘To the Hundred of Blything’ [anon.], 8vo (Southwold? 1821?), an address on the subject of the poor-law assessment. 6. ‘Pro & Con, or Hundred Arguments for a new Act [of poor-law assessment] and against it’ [anon.], 8vo, Southwold (1821?). 7. ‘Elements of English Epithets, with Illustrations and References to Authorities. Specimen’ [anon.], 4to (London, 1847). 8. ‘Prospectus and Specimen of an English Gradus and Dictionary of Ideas,’ &c., 8vo, London, 1848. 9. ‘Book of English Epithets, literal and figurative, with Elementary Remarks and Minute References to Authorities,’ 8vo, London, 1849.
[Brit. Mus. Cat.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Wix, Samuel

​WIX, SAMUEL (1771–1861), divine, born in London on 9 Feb. 1771, was the second son of Edward Wix of St. Peter's, Cornhill. He was educated at the Charterhouse under Samuel Berdmore [q. v.], and at Christ's College, Cambridge, where he was admitted pensioner on 8 Nov. 1791, and elected scholar on 6 Dec. 1792. He graduated B.A. in 1796 and M.A. in 1799. He was apparently admitted at the Inner Temple (16 Aug. 1783), but was ordained deacon in 1798 and priest in 1800. After holding curacies in Chelsea, Ealing, Eynsford, Kent, and Faulkbourne, Essex, successively, he was presented in 1802 to the living of Inworth, Essex. Six years later he was elected hospitaller and vicar of St. Bartholomew's the Less in London. He was also for a time president of Sion College. An adherent of the old high-church party, he cared more for devotion than polemics, yet he involved himself in controversy. His first publication was ‘Scriptural Illustrations of the Thirty-nine Articles, with a practical Commentary on each … affectionately intended to promote Religious Peace and Unity,’ 1808, 8vo. It was followed in 1818 by a more ambitious eirenicon, published originally in the ‘Eclectic ​Review,’ entitled ‘Reflections concerning the Expediency of a Council of the Church of England and the Church of Rome being holden, with a view to accommodate Religious Differences.’ This produced, among other answers, an angry reply from Thomas Burgess (1756–1837) [q. v.], bishop of St. David's. Wix wrote two temperate rejoinders. His ‘Reflections’ attracted the attention of Jerome, comte de Salis, who became Wix's lifelong friend, and caused his book to be translated at his own expense into several foreign languages. But Wix was opposed to granting Romanists political rights, and in 1822 issued a pamphlet in support of his views.
Wix, who wrote many similar pamphlets, was a man of singular simplicity of character and of vigorous intellect. He was a fellow of the Royal Society and the Society of Antiquaries. He died at the vicarage, St. Bartholomew's, London, on 4 Sept. 1861. A tablet to his memory was erected in the church by order of the governors of St. Bartholomew's Hospital. By his wife, a Miss Walford of the Essex family, he had several children. The eldest son, Edward Wix (1802–1866), a graduate of Trinity College, Oxford, was sometime archdeacon of Newfoundland, and afterwards vicar of St. Michael's, Swanmore, near Ryde, where he died on 24 Nov. 1866, being succeeded in the parish by his son, Richard Hooker Edward Wix (1832–1884). He was a frequent contributor to the ‘Gentleman's Magazine,’ and the author of ‘Six Months of a Newfoundland Missionary's Journal,’ 1836, 8vo, and of ‘A Retrospect of the Operations of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in North America,’ 2nd edit. 1833, 8vo.
G. Le G. N.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Wodelarke, Robert

1904 Errata appended.
​WODELARKE, ROBERT, D.D. (d. 1479), founder of St. Catharine's College, Cambridge, was the son of Richard and Joan Wodelarke (De precibus statutes of the college). He was one of the six original fellows of King's College, was the third surveyor of King's College chapel during its building, and superintended the works till Henry VI's deposition in 1455. Henry had promised 1,000l. a year, and when this payment ceased Wodelarke paid the sum of 328l. 10s. 4d. out of his own means. He was provost of King's from 1452 to 1479, and did much to promote learning in the university. He bought a site on 10 Sept. 1459, and on St. Catharine's day, 25 Nov. 1473, he formally founded a college, or hall, or house, dedicated to the Blessed Virgin and to St. Catharine of Alexandria, patroness of Christian learning. He intended to endow a master and ten fellows learned in philosophy and theology, but the troubles of civil war obliged him to reduce his original scheme to a master and three fellows. He built the college on two tenements in Mill Street, Cambridge, and endowed it with funds described in a memorandum drawn up by him and still preserved in the college (Philpott, Documents, p. 1). The college was to be called St. Catharine's Hall or Catharine Hall, a name which it retained till, on the general revision of collegiate statutes in 1860, with the other ancient collegiate foundations of Clare and Pembroke, always before called halls, it was designated college, perhaps because in the university of Oxford the word hall indicates a subordinate position. He drew up the original statutes (ib. p. 11), and obtained a charter from Edward IV on 16 Aug. 1475 (ib. p. 8). He obtained licenses for divine worship in the college chapel on 15 Jan. 1475 and 26 Sept. 1478 (ib. pp. 30, 31). His sister Isabel, wife first of William Bryan of Swyneshed, Lincolnshire, and afterwards of John Canterbury, added to the endowment in 1479 (ib. p. 32). He gave the college a library of eighty-seven volumes of manuscript, including three books of Aristotle, ‘Cicero de officiis,’ one book on medicine, one on geometry, five histories, the ‘Etymologiarum’ of Isidore, and all the standard works in theology. The college thus founded has ever since been pre-eminent for learning, and has produced, besides eminent men in most branches of knowledge, more than twenty bishops and three senior wranglers. Wodelarke was chancellor of the university in 1459 and in 1462, and died in 1479.
[Corrie's Catalogue of the Original Library of St. Catharine's Hall (Cambridge Antiquarian Society), 1840; Philpott's Documents relating to St. Catharine's College, Cambridge, 1861; Willis and Clark's Architectural History of the University of Cambridge; Austen Leigh's History of King's College.]
N. M.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.283 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
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| 277 | ii | 24 | Wodelarke, Robert: for 'Acero read 'Cicero |
| | | 25-26 | for 'Etymologiæ' read 'Etymologiarum' |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Wodenoth, Arthur

​WODENOTH or WOODNOTH, ARTHUR (1590?–1650?), colonial pioneer, born about 1590, was descended from the Wodenoths or Woodnoths of Savington, Cheshire (Two Lives of Ferrar, ed. Mayor, p. 339; Visitation of Cheshire, pp. 254-6; Addit. MSS. 6529 f. 72, 6032 f. 132; Ormerod, Cheshire, iii. 448, 483-4). He was second son of John Wodenoth of Savington, by his second wife, Jane, daughter of John Touchet of Whitley. Mary Wodenoth, the mother of Nicholas Ferrar [q. v.], was his father's sister; and his father's brother Thomas, who settled at Linkinhorne, Cornwall, and spelt the name Wodenote, was father of Theophilus Wodenote [q. v.] (Brit. Mus. Addit. MS. 5524, 157).
At one time Arthur thought of taking holy orders, but was dissuaded by Ferrar, and returned to his business, which was that of a goldsmith in Foster Lane, London. His intimacy with the Ferrars is shown by the numerous letters to him from Ferrar's sister, Mrs. Collet, printed by Mayor; it was he who arranged the purchase of Little Gidding by Mrs. Ferrar, and supervised the restoration of the neighouring church at Leighton, to which Ferrar's friend George Herbert [q. v.] had been presented in 1626; with Herbert Wodenoth became as intimate as he was with the Ferrars. He witnessed Mrs. Ferrar's will in 1628, was present at Herbert's death in 1633, and was executor of his will (Walton, Lives, ed. 1827, pp. 271, 279, 281, 283, 287, 312-13). He was also well known to Izaak Walton [q. v.], whom he supplied with details of Herbert's life (Herbert, County Parson, ed. Beeching, pp. xix-xxvi). It was probably through Ferrar and Mrs. Ferrar's second husband, Sir John Danvers [q. v.], that Wodenoth became interested in the Virginia Company. He was not a member till some time after 1612, but he took an active part in the affairs of the company till the revocation of its charter, siding, like Ferrar, with the party of Sir Edwin Sandys [q. v.] against that of Sir Thomas Smith (1558?-1625) [q. v.] In 1644 he was deputy governor of the Somers Islands Company, and before his death he drew up a 'Short Collection of the most Remarkable Passages from the Originall to the Dissolution of the Virginia Company,' London, 1651, 4to; it is in the main a defence of Sandys, Ferrar, and Danvers, and has been often quoted by the historians of Virginia. Wodenoth was dead before the publication, and in the preface by 'A. P.' is said to have been 'a true friend and servant to . . .the parliament interest.' He was married, and had a son Ralph.
A. F. P.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Withman

​WITHMAN (d. 1047?), abbot of Ramsey, called also Leucander and Andrew, was a German by birth (Chron. Abb. Rames. p. 121, Rolls Ser.), one of those apparently whom Cnut gathered round him. Green, on what authority does not appear, places Withman among the royal chaplains who, under Cnut, were first organised for administrative purposes (Conquest of England, pp. 544–5). Withman was promoted in 1016 to the great abbacy of Ramsey (Chron. Abb. Rames. App. p. 340). He was a hard student and a man of stern character, whose discipline involved him in serious disputes with his monks. Against the latter he appealed to the diocesan, Ætheric; but the bishop, having visited the house, gave decision in favour of the monks, reminding the abbot of the breadth and tolerance of St. Benedict's great rule (ib. pp. 121–3). Withman thereupon set out on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem, whence he returned to find his successor in the abbacy appointed. The new abbot, Æthelstan, at once offered to resign, but Withman refused to allow him, and himself retired to a solitary spot near Ramsey, called Northeye. Here, with one companion and two servants, and supported by the abbey, he lived over twenty-six years, dying probably about 1047 (ib. pp. 125, 340). Withman is said to have enjoyed the friendship of Edward the Confessor, whom he persuaded to give certain lands to the abbey in 1047 (ib. pp. 160, 340). He wrote a life of the Persian bishop St. Ivo or St. Ives, whose remains were supposed to be buried at Ramsey. The original is apparently lost, but a revision by Goscelin [q. v.] is printed in the ‘Acta Sanctorum’ (ii. 288 seq.) and in Migne's ‘Patrologia’ (clv. p. 80). Bale also attributes to Withman a narrative of his journey to Jerusalem (Scriptt. Illustr. Brit. i. 151), of which, however, nothing further seems to be known.
[In addition to the chief authorities mentioned in the text, see Leland's Comment. de Scriptt. Brit. i. 166; Pits, De Illustr. Angl. Scriptt. p. 183; Tanner's Bibl. Brit.-Hib. p. 479; Dugdale's Monast. Angl. ii. 547; Wright's Biogr. Brit. Lit. i. 511–12; Freeman's Norman Conquest, ii. 79, 599.]
A. M. C.-e.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Wodenote, Theophilus

​WODENOTE, THEOPHILUS (d. 1662), royalist divine, born at Linkinhorne, near Launceston, Cornwall, was son of Thomas Wodenote, M.A., fellow of King's College, Cambridge, and vicar of that parish, who was descended from the Wodenoths or Woodnoths of Cheshire [see Wodenoth, Arthur]. His mother was Francisca, daughter of Henry Clifford of Boscombe, Wiltshire. He was educated at Eton school, and was elected in 1606 to King's College, Cambridge, where he obtained a fellowship. He proceeded M.A. in due course, and was incorporated in that degree at Oxford on 13 July 1619 (Wood, Fasti Oxon. ed. Bliss, i. 390). He graduated B.D. at Cambridge in 1623, and was created D.D. in 1630. He was vicar of Linkinhorne from 1619 to 1651, when he was sequestered from his benefice on account of his adherence to the royalist ​cause. He was restored to his vicarage in 1660, and was buried at Linkinhorne on 1 Oct. 1662.
He married at Linkinhorne, in 1615, Mary, daughter of James Spicer of St. Gorran, ‘who came out of the East Countrey.’ His son Theophilus was matriculated at Exeter College, Oxford, in 1652, and, like his father, furnished John Aubrey [q. v.] with notes for his ‘Brief Lives’ (ed. Clark, i. 139, 245, 281, 308, ii. 203, 307).
His principal works were: 1. ‘Hermes Theologus: or a Divine Mercurie dispatcht with a grave Message of New Descants upon Old Records,’ London, 1649, 12mo, edited with a preface by the Rev. Edward Simmons. There is a portrait of Wodenote in the engraved title-page. 2. ‘Good Thoughts in Bad Times,’ London, 1652? Wood says this manual was written at Broad Chalk, Wiltshire, while the author ‘absconded in the house of a near relation of his (vicar of that place), being then obnoxious to arrests.’ 3. ‘Eremicus Theologus; or a Sequestred Divine his Aphorisms or Breviats of Speculations,’ London, 1654, 8vo.
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Smith, John (fl.1673-1680)

1904 Errata appended.
​SMITH, JOHN (fl. 1673–1680), ‘philomath,’ was the author of: 1. ‘Stereometrie,’ London, 1673, 8vo. 2. ‘Horological Dialogues, in three parts, shewing the nature, use, and right management of Clocks and Watches … by J. S., clockmaker,’ London, 1675, 12mo. To the same John Smith is also attributed a technical treatise entitled 3. ‘The Art of Painting, wherein is included The whole Art of Vulgar Painting, according to the best and most approved Rules for preparing and laying on of Oyl Colours … with directions for painting Sun Dials and all manner of Timber work,’ London, 1676, 8vo; the second impression, with some alterations and useful additions, 1687, 8vo; 4th ed. ‘The Art of Painting in Oyl … to which is now added the Art and Mystery of Colouring Maps and other Prints with Water Colours,’ London, 1705, 12mo; another edition 1723, 8vo; 9th ed. 1788. 4. ‘A Complete Discourse of the Nature, Use, and right managing of that Wonderful instrument the Baroscope or quick silver weather glass,’ London, 1688, 8vo. 5. ‘Horological Disquisitions concerning the Nature of Time,’ &c., London, 1694, 8vo; 2nd ed. 1708. 6. ‘The Curiosities of Common Water, or the advantages thereof in preventing and curing many distempers. Gather'd from the Writings of several Eminent Physicians, and also from more than 40 years' experience,’ London, 1722, 8vo; 3rd. ed. 1723; 10th ed. curante Ralph Thoresby. This was an elaborate compilation from medical writers, such as Sir John Floyer [q. v.], Joseph Browne (fl. 1706) [q. v.], Daniel Duncan [q. v.], and others, advocating hydropathy and in praise of temperance and common-sense treatment. It had not only a large circulation in England, but was translated into German and into ​French as ‘Traité des Vertus de l'Eau commune,’ Paris, 1725; 2nd ed. 1626 [1726]; 3rd ed. 1730.
T. S.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.254 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
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| 75 | ii | 22 f.e. | Smith, John (fl. 1673-1680): for another read other |
| | | 21 f.e. | for edition 1723, read editions 1706 and 1723 |