OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hunter, Martin

1904 Errata appended.
​HUNTER, Sir MARTIN (1757–1846), general, second son and heir of Cuthbert Hunter of Medomsley, Durham, by his wife Anne, daughter of the Rev. John Nixon of Haltwhistle, Northumberland, was born in 1757. On 30 Aug. 1771 he was appointed ensign in the 52nd foot, in which he became lieutenant 18 June 1775, captain 21 Nov. 1777, and major 30 Oct. 1790. He was with his regiment at Bunker's Hill, and in Boston when blockaded by Washington, and made the campaigns of 1776-8, including the battles of Long Island and Brandywine, the storming of Fort Washington, the surprise of Wayne's brigade, and other affairs. He accompanied his regiment to India, and was brigade-major, and led the light infantry that stormed the breach at the siege of Cannanore. As senior captain and regimental major he commanded his regiment; in the campaigns against Tippoo Sahib in ​1790-2, and was shot through the arm and body in the attack on Tippoo's camp before Seringapatam in 1792. He was appointed lieutenant-colonel in the newly raised 91st foot in 1794 (disbanded in 1796), and in 1796 was transferred to the 60th royal Americans. He served with his battalion of that corps in the West Indies, and commanded a brigade under Sir Ralph Abercromby at the capture of Trinidad and the attempt on Porto Rico. Exchanging into the 48th foot he commanded that regiment in Minorca, at Leghorn, and at the reduction of Malta. In 1803 he was appointed a brigadier-general in North America, commanded the troops in Nova Scotia, and acted for a time as lieutenant-governor of New Brunswick. He was appointed colonel of the New Brunswick Fencibles in 1803, and in 1810 was made colonel of the old 104th foot, formed out of the New Brunswick Fencibles at that time and disbanded at Montreal in May 1817. He became lieutenant-general in 1812, and general in 1825. He was a knight-bachelor, G.C.M.G. and G.C.H., and governor of Stirling Castle.
Hunter married, on 13 Sept. 1797, Jean, daughter and heiress of James Dickson of St. Anton's Hill, Berwickshire; she died in 1845, leaving a large family. At his death, which took place at his seat, St. Anton's Hill, on 9 Dec. 1846, at the age of 90, he was said to be the last urvivor of the officers present at the battle of Bunker's Hill, 17 June 1775.
H. M. C.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.163 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
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# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hutton, Henry

​HUTTON, HENRY (fl. 1619), satirical poet, born in the county of Durham, was a member of the same family as Matthew Hutton (1529-1606) [q. v.], archbishop of York, and may have belonged to the branch settled at Houghton in Durham. Rimbault's conjecture that he was the Henry Hutton of Witton Gilbert, Durham, fifth son of Edward Hutton, B.C.L., bailiff of Durham, seems unacceptable from the fact that Henry Hutton of Witton Gilbert died in 1671. Wood relates that the poet was some time at Oxford, but, minding more the smooth parts of poetry and romance than logic, departed, as it seems, without a degree;' his name does not appear in the matriculation registers. He wrote 'Follie's Anatomie, or Satyres and Satyricall Epigrams. With a Compendious History of Ixion's Wheele,' London, 1619, 8vo. A prefatory poem; To the reader upon the author, his kinsman, by R. H.,' may have been by Ralphe Hutton, surmised to have been a brother; and there is a poetical dedication to Sir Timothy Hutton of Marske, Yorkshire, who was son of the Archbishop of York. The satires ridicule, among others, Tom Coryate. They were edited for the Percy Society in 1842, with an introduction by E. F. Rimbault. One H. Hutton prefixed commendatory verses to the 1647 edition of Fuller's 'Holy Warre.'
W. A. J. A.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hutton, Luke

​HUTTON, LUKE (d. 1598), criminal, is stated by Sir John Harington to have been a younger son of Matthew Hutton, archbishop of York; but Fuller, whose account is adopted by Thoresby and Hutchinson, asserts, with more probability, that he was the son of Robert Hutton, rector of Houghton-le-Spring and prebendary of Durham. Luke Hutton matriculated as a sizar of Trinity College, Cambridge, in October 1582; left the university without a degree, and took to evil courses. He was 'so valiant that he feared not men nor laws' (Harington). In 1598, for a robbery committed on St. Luke's day, he was executed at York, the archbishop magnanimously forbearing to intercede on his behalf.
He is the reputed author of 1. 'Luke Button's Repentance,' a manuscript poem dedicated to Henry, earl of Huntingdon (Musæum Thoresbyanum, p. 85). 2. ‘The Black Dogge of Newgate, both pithie and profitable for all readers,' black letter, n. d., 4to, dedicated to Lord-chief-justice Popham; ​reprinted with additional matter in 1638. From a passage in the preface we learn that the 'Repentance ' had been printed. In the first edition the tract begins with a poem describing a vision that appeared to the author in Newgate. The poem, which treats of the harshness of gaolers and miseries of prison-life, is followed by a prose 'Dialogue betwixt the Author and one Zawney,' concerning `coneycatching.' A lost play bearing the title 'The Black Dog of Newgate,’ 2 parts, by Hathway, Wentworth Smith, and Day, was produced in 1602 (Henslowe, Diary, p.244 &c.) After Hutton's execution appeared a broadside ballad 3. 'Luke Hutton's Lamentation which he wrote the day before his death' [1598].
A. H. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hutton, John (d.1712)

​HUTTON, JOHN, M.D. (d. 1712), physician, a native of Caerlaverock, Dumfriesshire, began life as a herd-boy to the episcopalian minister of that parish. Through his master's kindness he received a good education, and became a physician, graduating M.D. at Padua. He chanced to be the nearest doctor at hand when the Princess Mary of Orange met with a fall from her horse in Holland, and thus gained the regard of Prince William, who on ascending the English throne appointed him his first physician. As such Hutton was admitted a fellow of the College of Physicians on 30 Sept. 1690, when he presented the college with a sum of money, and intimated that he hoped to be able to repeat his generosity. He accompanied the king to Ireland, and was with him at the battle of the Boyne and at the siege of Limerick. On 9 Nov. 1695 he was incorporated M.D. at Oxford, and was elected F.R.S. on 30 Nov. 1697. Queen Anne continued him in his place of first physician. He provided liberally for his poor relations. At his own expense he built in 1708 a manse for the minister at Caerlaverock, bequeathed to the parish 1,000l. sterling for pious and educational purposes, and also gave all his books to the ministers of the presbytery of Dumfries 'to be carefully kept in that town.' The collection, which at one time contained the prayer-book which Charles I carried to the scaffold, was suffered for many years to lie neglected in the ruinous attic of the presbytery house, but is now provided with more suitable accommodation. In 1710 Hutton was elected M.P. for the Dumfries burghs, and sat until his death. He died in 1712, and was apparently buried in Somerset House chapel. In his will, dated 13 Aug. and 2 Sept. 1712, and proved on the following 4 Dec., he describes himself as living in the parish of St. Clement's, Westminster (P. C. C. 236, Barnes).
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hutton, John (1740?-1806)

​HUTTON, JOHN (1740?–1806), author, born about 1740, was a cousin of William Hutton (1735?-1811) [q. v.], and was educated at St. John's College, Cambridge. He went out B. A. in 1763 as third wrangler, subsequently becoming fellow and tutor of his college. In 1766 he proceeded M. A., and about the same time was presented by his family to the vicarage of Burton in Kendal, Westmoreland. In 1769 he was chosen moderator and senior taxor at Cambridge. He commenced B.D. in 1774. He died in August 1806, aged 66 (Gent. Mag. 1806, pt. ii. p. 875), leaving an only daughter, Agnes, married to Captain Johnson of Mains Hall, Herefordshire. He is author of 'A Tour to the Caves in the Environs of Ingleborough and Settle in the West-Riding of Yorkshire,' 2nd edit., 8vo, London, 1781, addressed to Thomas Pearson of Burton in Kendal, in a letter signed ‘J. H.' Appended is a glossary of north of England words, which was reprinted by the English Dialect Society in 1873.
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hutton, Matthew (1639-1711)

​HUTTON, MATTHEW (1639–1711), antiquary, born in 1639, was the third son of Richard Hutton of Nether Poppleton, Yorkshire, by his second wife, Dorothy, daughter of Ferdinando, viscount Fairfax of Cameron in Scotland, and was thus the great-grandson of Matthew Hutton [q. v.], archbishop of York. He was educated at Brasenose College, Oxford, of which he was a fellow, and graduated M.A. and D.D. In March 1677 he became rector of Aynhoe in Northamptonshire (Bridge, Northamptonshire, i. 139). He married Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Roger Burgoine, knt. and bart., and had by her two sons, Roger and Thomas. He died suddenly on 27 June 1711, aged 72. His epitaph (Bridge, op. cit. i. 141), on the north side of the chancel of Aynhoe Church, describes him as ‘Vita severus, moribus comis, animo simplex’ (cf. Hearne, pref. to Leland's Coll.) Hutton was a friend of Anthony à Wood, who speaks of him as ‘an excellent violinist.’ In May 1668 they visited together the churches and antiquities in the neighbourhood of Borstall, Buckinghamshire. Hearne (Coll., ed. Doble, i. 283) says that Atterbury had most of his ‘Rights and Privileges of an English Convocation Stated and Vindicated’ from Hutton, who had also designed to continue the ‘De Præsulibus Angliæ Commentarius’ of Francis Godwin [q. v.] if he had had any encouragement (ib. pp. 284, 285, ii. 65, &c.) The manuscript collections compiled by Hutton, bought by the Earl of Oxford for 150l. (ib. iii. 280), and now in the British Museum, are:
* Thirty-eight volumes, compiled about 1686, of extracts from the registers of the dioceses of Lincoln, Bath and Wells, York, London &c. (Harl MSS. 6950-85).
* ‘Collectanea e libris Eschaetorum,’ &c. (ib. 1232).
* ‘Collections from Domesday relating to Herefordshire, &c.’ (ib. 7519).
* Heraldic collections, epitaphs, and other volumes of manuscripts.
Hutton is not known to have published anything, though ‘Three Letters concerning the Present State of Italy,’ 1687, has been attributed to him (C.H. and T. Cooper in Notes and Queries, 3rd ser. iv. 164).
[Correspondence of Matthew Hutton, &c. (Surtees Soc. No. 17), pp.46, 47, 49; Bridge's Northamptonshire, i. 139, 141; Life of Ant. Wood in Bliss's edit, of Athenæ Oxon. i. pp.xxxv, lxi; Cat. Harleian MSS.; Notes and Queries, 2nd ser. vi. 234, 3rd ser. iv. 164; Nichols's Lit. Anecd. i. 87; Nichols's Lit, Illustr. iv. 77.]
W. W.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Barré, William Vincent

​BARRÉ, WILLIAM VINCENT (1760?–1829), author, was born in Germany about the year 1760 of French protestant parents, who had left their native country on account of their religious opinions. He served first in the Russian navy, returned to France when the first revolution broke out, went as a volunteer in the army during the Italian campaign of 1796, and was raised to the rank of captain for the bravery he displayed on the field of battle. Through his intimate acquaintance with the principal languages of Europe, he became a favourite of General Bonaparte, who appointed him his personal interpreter. But he wrote some satirical verses about ​his employer, which seem now to be lost, and was obliged to flee from France. Pursued by Fouché's police-agents, he escaped in a small boat from Paris down the Seine as far as Havre, and went thence in an American vessel to England, where he appears to have arrived in 1803. The following year he published in London a ‘History of the French Consulate under Napoleon Buonaparte, being an Authentic Narrative of his Administration, which is so little known in Foreign Countries, including a Sketch of his Life, the whole interspersed with curious anecdotes, &c.,’ in which he furiously attacks the first consul. Before this work appeared he had already translated into French Sir Robert Wilson's ‘History of the British Expedition to Egypt,’ and into English a pamphlet, ‘Answer from M. Mehée to M. Garat.’ In 1805 appeared, in English, Barré's ‘Rise, Progress, Decline, and Fall of Buonaparte's Empire in France,’ the second part of the former ‘History,’ which is preceded by an ‘advertisement’ of ten pages, in which he attacks the reviewers of his first book in the ‘Annual Review and History of Literature for 1803.’ This second work is as scurrilous as the first. Barré left England for Ireland, where he appears to have had relatives bearing the same name, among them being the well-known orator, Isaac Barré [q. v.] About the year 1806 he printed at Belfast, on a single sheet, some verses in French, called ‘Monologue de l'Empereur Jaune, le nommé Napoléon Buonaparte, Chrétien, Athée, Catholique et Musulman, sur la destruction de son digne émule et rival l'Empereur Noir, le nommé Jacques Dessalines, par la légion d'honneur de l'armée noire de St. Domingue, le 10 Octobre, traduit du Corse,’ with the motto, ‘à ton tour, paillasse.’ He seems to have published nothing more, and is said to have committed suicide in Dublin in 1829.
[Haag's La France Protestante, 2nd ed., vol. i.; Brit. Mus. Cat.]
H. v. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bartholomew, Alfred

​BARTHOLOMEW, ALFRED (1801–1845), architect, was born in London on 28 March 1801, and died on 2 Jan. 1845. He was editor of the ‘Builder,’ and author of several works upon practical architectural questions, the chief of which are: ‘Specifications for Practical Architecture,’ a compilation of forms of documents necessary for the execution of detail work in buildings; a paper entitled ‘Hints relative to the Construction of Fireproof Dwellings’ (Lond. 1839); both of which were well received, though now of little professional value; and a synopsis of the Building Act, first published in the ‘Builder,’ and revised and corrected for separate publication, under the title of ‘Cyclopædia of the New Metropolitan Building Act,’ by the author only a few weeks before his death. During his editorship of the ‘Builder’ in 1844, Bartholomew also contributed many articles upon various professional subjects to its columns, and under his editorship the circulation of the journal increased. Originally destined for commercial life, young Bartholomew received only the moderate education of a middle-class school. But having manifested a decided aptitude for mathematics, his parents articled him to Mr. J. H. Good, architect, of Hatton Garden, a pupil of Sir J. Soane. Bartholomew devoted himself enthusiastically to this profession. He studied the classic style in the greatest of Sir J. Soane's works, the Bank of England, the details of which he used to spend much of his time in measuring. But his master's employment in ecclesiastical work soon diverted him to the more congenial study of Gothic, especially church Gothic, architecture, his enthusiasm for which led to the foundation of a society, of which he was one of the earliest and most ardent members, of ‘Freemasons of the Church, for the recovery, maintenance, and furtherance of the true principles and practice of architecture.’ To the same period of mental development may also be assigned his publication, in 1831, of ‘Sacred Lyrics, being an attempt to render the Psalms of David more applicable to parochial psalmody.’ Although certainly superior, in freedom and grace of expression at least, to previous versions of the Psalms used in England, and praised as such by various of the bishops in private letters to the author, this attempt did not prove successful, and has now been long ago forgotten. Afterwards the poet devoted himself more exclusively to architecture, and, in the course of the few years that remained to him of life, produced the various works we have named, and earned for himself the respect and esteem of his professional brethren. A few weeks before his death he canvassed successfully for the post of district surveyor of Hornsey. His exertions brought on an attack of rheumatic gout and fever, upon which bronchitis fatally supervened, and he died in his house in Gray's Inn, London, at the age of forty-four.
G. W. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bartholomew, Valentine

Typo in the author initials
​BARTHOLOMEW, VALENTINE, flower painter (1799–1879), was born 18 Jan. 1799; in 1827 he married Miss Hullmandell, who died in January 1839. In the following year Mrs. Walter Turnbull, widow of the musical composer, became his second wife [see Bartholomew, Ann Charlotte]. Bartholomew was a member of the old Water Colour Society from 1835 until the time of his death. For many years he held the post of flower painter in ordinary to the Duchess of Kent and the present queen. He died in his eightieth year 21 March 1879.
[Cooper's Men of the Time, 9th ed.; Athenæum, 29 March 1879.]
E. R.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Barry, Thomas de

​BARRY, THOMAS de (fl. 1560), canon of Glasgow, and chief magistrate of Bothwell, wrote a poem on the battle of Otterburn, the greater part of which is quoted in the eighteenth century editions of Fordun's ‘Scotichronicon.’ According to Dempster he flourished in 1560, and in all likelihood he is identical with the Thomas de Barry, presbyter, whose name appears as notary in a document preserved in the ‘Registrum Episcopatus Glasguensis’ in 1503.
[Dempster's Hist. Eccl. Gent. Scot. (1627), pp. 106–7; Tanner's Bibl. Brit. p. 78; Fordun's Scotichronicon, continuation by Bower, iv. 1079–1094; Registrum Episcopatus Glasguensis (Bannatyne Club, 1843), i. 294.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Barter, Richard

​BARTER, RICHARD, M.D. (1802–1870), physician, was born at Cooldaniel, co. Cork. His father died during his childhood, and this loss, together with the troubles consequent on the outbreak of the Whiteboy insurrection, caused his education to be much neglected. Having qualified at the London College of Physicians, he began his professional career as dispensary doctor at Inniscarra. During the cholera visitation of 1832 he became impressed with the curative power of water. Soon after the cholera had disappeared he removed from Inniscarra to the neighbourhood of Mallow, where he married Miss Newman. In 1836 he returned to his old neighbourhood, and for some time took deep interest in farming, helping to establish and acting as secretary of the Agricultural Society of the County of Cork. The visit of Captain Claridge, a warm advocate of hydropathy, to Cork in 1842 strengthened Barter's previously formed ideas, and led him to set up the St. Anne's water-cure establishment at Blarney. In spite of a good deal of ridicule, his house prospered, and he soon had a large number of patients as boarders. On reading Urquhart's ‘Pillars of Hercules’ he was so much struck by the author's account of hot-air baths, that he asked him to come and stay with him. He eagerly adopted the new doctrine, and set up the first hot-air baths in the British dominions; for though Urquhart introduced the principle, Barter's friends declare that he was the first to carry it into practical working. Although the prosperity of his establishment was somewhat shaken by this new move, Barter soon regained his lost ground. Another important step was taken when, after a few years, he set up and advocated a hot-air bath without vapour—the so-called Turkish bath. Barter spent much time and money in travelling about to explain his system, and in forwarding its adoption. He edited a pamphlet containing extracts from the ‘Pillars of Hercules’ under the title of ‘The Turkish Bath, with a View to its Introduction into the British Dominions,’ 1856. Extracts from lectures delivered by Barter and Urquhart were published at Melbourne in a tract entitled ‘The Turkish Bath’ (pp. 8), 1860. Barter died on 3 Oct. 1870.
W. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Barthlet, John

​BARTHLET or BARTLETT, JOHN (fl. 1566), theological writer, was a minister of the church of England, and held strongly Calvinistic opinions. In 1566 he published a work entitled the ‘Pedegrewe [Pedigree] of Heretiques, wherein is truely and plainely set out the first roote of Heretiques began in the ​Church since the time and passage of the Gospel, together with an example of the offspring of the same. London, by Henry Denham for Lucas Harryson.’ On the title-page is an engraving of the bear and ragged staff, and the book is dedicated to the Earl of Leicester, who is described as a ‘speciall Mecaenas to euery student,’ and ‘so fauorable and zelous a friend to the ministrie.’ Some Latin hexameters and sapphics by graduates of Cambridge, addressed to the reader, preface the volume. The work was prepared as a reply to the ‘Hatchet of Heresies’ (Antwerp, 1565), an anti-Lutheran pamphlet, translated by Richard Shacklock, of Trinity College, Cambridge, from the ‘De Origine Hæresium nostri temporis’ of Cardinal Stanislaw Hozyusz (Hosius), Bishop of Culm and Warmia. Barthlet, scandalised by Shacklock's contempt for the doctrines of the Reformation, tried to show that all Roman catholic doctrines were tainted by heresies traceable to either Judas Iscariot or Simon Magus. His table of heretics is of appalling length, and includes such obscure sects as ‘Visiblers,’ ‘Quantitiners,’ ‘Metamorphistes,’ and ‘Mice-feeders.’ A letter from a John Bartelot to Thomas Cromwell, dated 1535, revealing a scandalous passage in the life of the prior of Crutched Friars in London, is printed from the Cottonian MS. (Cleopat. E. iv. f. 134) in Wright's ‘Letters relating to the Suppression of Monasteries,’ p. 59 (Camden Soc.) A John Bartlet was vicar of Stortford, Essex, from 23 Feb. 1555–6 until 5 March 1560–1 (Newcourt's Repertorie of London, i. 896). ‘One Barthlett, a divinity lecturer of St. Giles', Cripplegate,’ was suspended by Bishop Grindal on 4 May 1566 (Cal. State Papers, 1547–1580, p. 271). It is probable that these notices refer to the author of the ‘Pedegrewe,’ whose name was very variously spelt.
S. L. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bartholomew, Ann Charlotte

​BARTHOLOMEW, ANN CHARLOTTE (d. 1862), authoress, flower and miniature painter, was the daughter of Arnall Fayermann and niece of John Thomas, bishop of Rochester. She was born near the beginning of the century at Lodden, in Norfolk. In 1825 she published a farce (first acted at the Marylebone Theatre May 1849) with the title ‘It's only my Aunt.’ In 1827 she married Walter Turnbull, the musical composer. As his widow she published in 1840 the ‘Songs of Azrael’ and other harmless poems. In the same year she became the second wife of the flower painter, Valentine Bartholomew [q. v.] She wrote one other play, which appeared in 1845, with ​the title of 'The Ring, or the Farmer's Daughter, a domestic drama in two acts/ She occasionally exhibited flower or fruit pieces; the print-room of the British Museum has one beautiful water-colour drawing in this kind; but her chief employment was upon miniatures for brooches and jewellerv. She last exhibited in 1856 and 1857. She died 18 Aug. 1862.
[Redgrave's Dict. of Artists of English School; Ottley's Supplement to Bryan's Dict. 1866; Athenæum, August 1862; Brit. Mus. Gen. Cat.; Cooper's Men of the Time, 9th ed. 1875.]
E. R.