# The Works of Thomas Carlyle/Volume 6/Letter 32

To Sir T. Fairfax: Winchester, 6 Oct. 1645
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From Bristol the Army turned Southward again, to deal with the yet remaining force of Royalism in that quarter. Sir Ralph Hopton, with Goring and others under him, made stubborn resistance; but were constantly worsted, at Langport, at Torrington, wheresoever they rallied and made a new attempt. The Parliament Army went steadily and rapidly on; storming Bridgewater, storming all manner of Towns and Castles; clearing the ground before them: till Sir Ralph was driven into Cornwall; and, without resource or escape, saw himself obliged next spring to surrender, and go beyond seas. A brave and honourable man; respected on both sides; and of all the King’s Generals the most deserving respect. He lived in retirement abroad; taking no part in Charles Second’s ​businesses; and died in honourable poverty before the Restoration.
The following Three Letters are what remain to us concerning Cromwell’s share in that course of victories. He was present in various general or partial Fights from Langport to Bovey Tracey; became especially renowned by his Sieges, and took many Strong Places besides those mentioned here.
* ↑ Truro, 14th March 1645-6 (Rushworth, vi. 110).
* ↑ Appendix, No. 9, contains Two more: Battle of Langport, and Summons to Winchester (Note of 1857).
“TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE SIR THOMAS FAIRFAX, GENERAL OF THE PARLIAMENT’S ARMY: THESE”
“Winchester, 6th October 1645.”
Sir,—I came to Winchester on the Lord’s day the 28th of September; with Colonel Pickering,—commanding his own, Colonel Montague’s, and Sir Hardress Waller’s regiments. After some dispute with the Governor, we entered the Town. I summoned the Castle; was denied; whereupon we fell to prepare batteries,—which we could not perfect (some of our guns being: out of order) until Friday following. Our battery was six guns; which being finished,—after firing one round, I sent-in a second summons for a treaty; which they refused. Whereupon we went on with our work, and made a breach in the wall near the Black Tower; which, after about 200 shot, we thought stormable; and purposed on Monday morning to attempt it. On Sunday night, about ten of the clock, the Governor beat a parley, desiring to treat. I agreed unto it; and sent Colonel Hammond and Major Harrison in to him, who agreed upon these enclosed Articles.
Sir, this is the addition of another mercy. You see God is not weary in doing you good: I confess, Sir, His favour to you is as visible, when He comes by His power upon the hearts of your enemies, making them quit places of strength to you, as ​when He gives courage to your soldiers to attempt hard things. His goodness in this is much to be acknowledged: for the Castle was well manned with Six-hundred-and-eighty horse and foot, there being near Two-hundred gentlemen, officers, and their servants; well victualled, with fifteen hundred-weight of cheese, very great store of wheat and beer; near twenty barrels of powder, seven pieces of cannon; the works were exceeding good and strong. It’s very likely it would have cost much blood to have gained it by storm. We have not lost twelve men: this is repeated to you, that God may have all the praise, for it’s all His due.—Sir, I rest, your most humble servant,
OLIVER CROMWELL.
‘Lieutenant-General Cromwell’s Secretary,’ who brings this Letter, gets 501. for his good news. By Sprigge’s account, he appears to have been ‘Mr. Hugh Peters, this Secretary. Peters there makes a verbal Narrative of the affair, to Mr. Speaker and the Commons, which, were not room so scanty, we should be glad to insert.
It was at this surrender of Winchester that certain of the captive enemies having complained of being plundered contrary to Articles, Cromwell had the accused parties, six of his own soldiers, tried . being all found guilty, one of them by lot was hanged, and the other five were marched off to Oxford, to be there disposed of as the Governor saw fit. The Oxford Governor politely returned the five prisoners, ‘with an acknowledgment of the Lieutenant-General’s nobleness.’
* ↑ Sprigge, p. 128; Newspapers (in Cromwelliana, p. 25); Rushworth, vi. 91.
* ↑ Commons Journals, 7th October 1645.
* ↑ p. 129.
* ↑ Sprigge, p. 133.