OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Abridgement of Roman History/Dedication

To the Emperor Valens, Maximus Perpetuus, Augustus.
According to the pleasure of your Clemency, I have arranged in a brief narrative, in the order of time, such particulars in the history of Rome as seemed most worthy of notice, in transactions either of war or peace, from the foundation of the city to our own days; adding concisely, also, such matters as were remarkable in the lives of the emperors; that your Serenity's divine mind may rejoice to learn that it has followed the actions of illustrious men in governing the empire, before it became acquainted with them by reading.

## Notes

* ↑ The title stands thus: DOMINO VALENTI MAXIMO PERPETUO AUGUSTO. On the last two words Tzschucke has this note: "For Perpetuo Augusto Sextus Rufus" (who wrote a Breviarum de Victoriis et Provinciis Populi Romani, dedicated to Valens), "has in his dedication Semper Augusto. The Germans would say Allzeit Mehrer des Reichs. See Pütman De Titulo Semper Augustus, p. 60." Tzschucke, apparently, took perpetua as an adverb, equivalent to semper. But Cellarius and others consider it as an adjective. Cellarius cites, in comparison with it, from Gruter, Inscript. p. 285, n. 8, D. N. Valentiniano Perpetuo ac Felici Semper Augusto, and p 279, n. 4, Aeterno Imperatori Nostro Maxima Optimoque Principi Aurelio Valeriano Diocletiano; adding, also, that Theodosius is called perennis princeps in Reines. Class. Inscr. iii. 62. I have accordingly given Perpetua as an adjective. Sextus Rufus's dedication, too, as edited by Cellarius, Verheyk, and others, has Perpetuo Semper Augusto.
* ↑ Mansuetudinis tuae. Similarly, a few lines below, he says Tranquillitatis tuae mens divina, "your Serenity's divine mind." The use of such titles gradually became common in the lower age of Roman literature, commencing soon after the reign of Tiberius. They were the parents of our highness, majesty, excellency, &c.
* ↑ However Eutropius meant to flatter Valens, he could not assuredly have shown him better, than by addressing him thus, to be such as he is described by Ammianus Marcellinus, lib. xxix., subrusticus homo, and xxxi. 41, Subagrestis ingenu, nec liberalibus studiis eruditus.---- Vinetus. Some have doubted the genuineness of this dedication to Valens, because the Greek translator has not included it in his version; but the authority of manuscripts, and the resemblance of its style to that of Eutropius, have induced Cellarius, Verheyk, Tzschucke, and most other commentators, to believe it genuine.
# Abroad

       Bon Voyage
Last year, Dear Friends, we met "At Home," And now "Abroad" we mean to roam: With all who choose to spare the time We'll wander to a neighbouring clime. Nor need you leave your own fireside, For with fair Fancy for our guide, Our winged thoughts, in swallow-flight, Shall cross the Channel smooth and bright: And in despite of wind or weather, We'll make our little tour together.
Now on our Pictures you shall look:— To you we dedicate our Book.

### Contents

* Abroad
* Crossing The Channel
* The First Morning in France
* Arrival at Caen
# Abroad/Arrival at Caen

ARRIVAL AT CAEN.
T hrough Rouen when or friends had been, And all its famous places seen, They travelled on, old Caen to see, Another town in Normandy.
Arrived at Caen, the travellers here Before the chief Hotel appear, Miss Earle, Rose, Bertie you descry— The rest are coming by-and-by.
Monsieur le Maitre, with scrape and bow, Stands ready to receive them now, And Madame with her blandest air, And their alert Commissionaire.
N ext up the staircase see them go, With femme de chambre the way to show. Father and Dennis, standing there, Are asking for the bill of fare.
Monsieur le Maitre, who rubs his hands And says, "What are Monsieur's commands?" With scrape and bow, again you see— The most polite of men is he.
N ow that dinner is ordered, we'll just take a peep At the cooks in the kitchen—just see! what a heap Of plates are provided, and copper pans too;— They'll soon make a dinner for me and for you. French cookery's famous for flavouring rare, But of garlic I think they've enough to spare.
If we ask how their wonderful dishes are made, I'm afraid they won't tell us the tricks of the trade. Do they make them, I wonder, of frogs and of snails? Or are these, after all, only travellers' tales? The names are all down on the "Menu," no doubt. But the worst of it is that we can't make them out.
# Abroad/Crossing The Channel

CROSSING THE CHANNEL.
The sea is calm, and clear the sky—only a few clouds scudding by: The Passengers look bright, and say, "Are we not lucky in the day!" The Mate stands in the wheelhouse there, and turns the wheel with watchful care:Steering to-day is work enough; what must it be when weather's rough? Look at him in his sheltered place—he hasn't got a merry face— 'Tis not such fun for him, you know, he goes so often to and fro. Nellie and Father, looking back, glance at the vessel's lengthening track— "How far," says Nellie, "we have come! good-bye, good-bye, dear English home!" Dennis and Rose and Mabel, walking upon the deck, are gaily talking— Says Mabel, "No one must forget to call my new doll 'Antoinette'; Travelling in France, 'twould be a shame for her to have an English name." Says Dennis, "Call her what you will, so you be English 'Mabel' still." Says Rose, to Dennis drawing nigher, "I think the wind is getting higher;" "If a gale blows, do you suppose, we shall be wrecked?" asks little Rose.
While chatting with Dennis, Rose lost all her fear; And the swift Albert Victor came safe to the pier At Boulogne, where they landed, and there was the train In waiting to take up the travellers again. But to travel so quickly was not their intent: On a little refreshment our party was bent. Here they are at the Buffet—for dinner they wait— And the tall garçon, André, attends them in state.
At a separate table sits Monsieur Legros, And behind him his poodle, Fidèle, you must know, Who can dance, he's so clever, and stand and on his head, Or upon his nose balance a morsel of bread. Mabel takes up some sugar to coax him, whilst Nell Calls him to her—Fidèle understands very well— "Why! he must have learnt English, he knows what we say," Mabel cries, "See!—he begs in the cleverest way."
Then to the Hotel on the quay they all went; To remain till the morrow they all were content: After so much fatigue Father thought it was best, For the children were weary and needed the rest. Pictured here is the room in that very Hotel, Where so cosily rested Rose, Mabel, and Nell.
Mabel dreamed of the morrow—of buying French toys: Rose remembered the steam-pipe, and dreamed of its noise. Nellie's dreams were of home, but she woke from her trance Full of joy, just to think they were really in France. Very early next morning, you see them all three Looking out from their window that faces the sea.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Knox, William

​Knox, William (1789-1825).—Poet, s. of a farmer in Roxburghshire, wrote several books of poetry, The Lonely Hearth, Songs of Israel, Harp of Zion, etc., which gained him the friendship of Scott. He fell into dissipated habits, was latterly a journalist in Edin., and d. at 36.
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# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Kyd, Thomas

​Kyd, Thomas (1558-1595).—Dramatist, s. of a London scrivener, ed. at Merchant Taylor's School, appears to have led the life of hardship so common with the dramatists of his time, was for a short time imprisoned for "treasonable and Atheistic views," and made translations from the French and Italian. His drama, The Spanish Tragedy (1594), had extraordinary popularity, and was translated into Dutch and German. Some of the scenes are believed to have been contributed by another hand, probably by Ben Jonson. He also produced a play on the story of Hamlet, not now in existence, and he may have written the first draft of Titus Andronicus. Other plays which have been attributed to him are The First Part of Jeronimo (1605), Cornelia (1594), The Rare Triumphs of Love and Fortune, and The Tragedye of Solyman and Perseda (1599). But, although one of the best known dramatists in his day, very little is now certain either as to his personal history or his works.
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# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/L'Estrange, Sir Roger

​L'Estrange, Sir Roger (1616-1704).—Journalist and pamphleteer, youngest s. of a Norfolk baronet, was probably at Camb., and in 1638 took arms for the King. Six years later he was captured, imprisoned in Newgate, and condemned to death. He, however escaped, endeavoured to make a rising in Kent, and had to flee to Holland, where he was employed in the service of Charles II. On receiving a pardon from Cromwell he returned to England in 1653. In view of the Restoration he was active in writing on behalf of monarchy, and in 1663 pub. Considerations and Proposals in order to Regulating of the Press, for which he was appointed Surveyor of Printing-Presses and Licenser of the Press, and received a grant of the sole privilege of printing public news. His first news paper, The Intelligencer, appeared in the same year, and was followed by The News and the City Mercury, or Advertisements concerning Trade. Thereafter his life was spent in ed. newspapers and writing political pamphlets in support of the Court and against the Whigs and Dissenters. In 1685 he was knighted. His controversies repeatedly got him into trouble, and after the Revolution he lost his appointments, and was more than once imprisoned. In addition to his political writings he translated Æsop's Fables, Seneca's Morals, and Cicero's Offices. His Æsop contains much from other authors, including himself. In his writings he was lively and vigorous, but coarse and abusive.
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# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Knolles, Richard

​Knolles, Richard (1550?-1610).—Historian, b. at Coldashby, Northamptonshire, and ed. at Oxf., pub. in 1603 The History of the Turks, which went through many ed. Its principal value now is as a piece of fine English of its time, for which it is ranked high by Hallam. K. was master of a school at Sandwich. The History was continued by Sir Paul Rycaut (1628-1700).
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# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Knowles, James Sheridan

​Knowles, James Sheridan (1784-1862).—Dramatist, s. of James K., schoolmaster and lexicographer, was b. at Cork. He was the author of a ballad, The Welsh Harper, which had great popularity, and gained for him the notice of Hazlitt and others. For some years he studied medicine, which, however, he abandoned for literature, and produced several plays, including Caius Gracchus (1815), Virginius (1820), The Hunchback (1832), and The Love Chase (1837), in some of which he acted. He gave up the stage in 1843, became a preacher in connection with the Baptist communion, and enjoyed great popularity. He pub. two polemical works, The Rock of Rome, and The Idol demolished by its own Priests.
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# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Knox, Vicesimus

​Knox, Vicesimus (1752-1821).—Essayist, etc., ed. at Oxf., took orders, and became Head Master of Tunbridge School. He pub. Essays Moral and Literary (1778), and compiled the formerly well-known Elegant Extracts, often reprinted.
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# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Knowles, Herbert

​Knowles, Herbert (1798-1817).—Poet, author of the well-known Stanzas written in Richmond Churchyard, which gave promise of future excellence. But he d. a few weeks after he had been enabled, through the help of Southey to whom he had sent some of his poems, to go to Camb.
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# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Laidlaw, William

​Laidlaw, William (1780-1845).—Poet, s. of a border farmer, became steward and amanuensis to Sir W. Scott, and was the author of the beautiful and well-known ballad, Lucy's Flittin'.
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# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Laing, David

​Laing, David (1793-1878).—Antiquary, s. of a bookseller in Edin., with whom he was in partnership until his appointment, in 1837, as librarian of the Signet Library. He ed. many of the publications of the Bannatyne Club, of which he was sec. (1823-61). He was also Honorary Prof. of Antiquities to the Royal Scottish Academy. Among the more important works which he ed. were Baillie's Letters and Journals (1841-2), John Knox's Works (1846-64), and the poems of Sir D. Lyndsay, Dunbar, and Henryson.
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# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Marsingall, Samuel

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​MARSINGALL. (Retired Commander, 1843. f-p., 13; h-p., 36.)
Samuel Marsingall entered the Navy, 20 Jan. 1798, as Fst.-cl. Vol., on board La Lutine, Capt. John Monckton; whom he followed as Midshipman, in April, 1799, into the Mars 74, bearing the flag in the Channel of Hon. Geo. Cranfield Berkeley. In Jan. 1801 he removed to the St. Fiorenzo of 42 guns and 253 men, Capts. C. W. Paterson and Joseph Bingham; and in June, 18O3, on his arrival in the East Indies, he joined the Wilhelmina armée en flûte, Capt. Henry Lambert, carrying 21 guns and 134 men. In that ship it appears ​he took part, 11 April, 1804, in a very gallant conflict of an hour and a half, which terminated in her beating off, with a loss to herself of 10 men wounded, the French frigate-built privateer Psyché of 36 guns and 250 men, 11 of whom were killed and 33 wounded. Returning subsequently with Capt. Lambert to the St. Fiorenzo he assisted, 14 Feb. 1805, at the capture, after a desperate action of several hours, of the above named Psyché, which had been since added to the French navy, and whose loss on the present occasion amounted, out of 252 men, to 57 killed and 70 wounded, while that of the British did not exceed 12 killed and 36 (including himself) wounded. On 12 March, 1806, at which time he had been for nine months attached to the Culloden 74, bearing the flag, still on the East India station, of Rear-Admiral Sir Edw. Pellew, Mr. Marsingall was nominated Acting-Lieutenant of the Grampus 50, Capt. Jas. Haldane Tait, to which ship the Admiralty confirmed him 20 Aug. 1807. His last appointments were – 3 Nov. 1807, to the Camel store-ship, Capt. John Joyce, for passage to England – 14 May, 1808, to the Triumph 74, Capt. Sir Thos. Masterman Hardy, part of the Channel fleet – and 14 May and 4 Nov. 1809, to the Barfleur 98, flag-ship of Hon. Geo. Cranfield Berkeley, and Myrtle sloop, Capt. Thos. Innes, both on the Lisbon station. He invalided home in March, 1810; and accepted his present rank 1 Nov. 1843.
The wound received by Commander Marsingall at the capture of the Psyché was rewarded with a gratuity by the Patriotic Society. Agents – Messrs. Stilwell.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Martin, Henry Byam

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​MARTIN, C.B. (Captain, 1827. f-p., 16; h-p., 15.)
Henry Byam Martin is second son of Admiral Sir Thos. Byam Martin, G.C.B.
This officer entered the Royal Naval College, 8 Oct. 1816; and embarked, in Oct. 1818, as Midshipman, on board the Liffey 50, Capt. Hon. Henry Duncan, with whom he was employed in the Channel and on particular service, until transferred, in April, 1820, to the Rochfort 80; from which ship, bearing the flag of Sir Graham Moore in the Mediterranean, he was lent for several months in 1821-2 to the Seringapatam 46, Capt. Sam. Warren, Chanticleer sloop, Capt. Henry Eden, and Euryalus 42, Capt. Augustus Wm. Jas. Clifford. In Feb. 1823, he joined the Ramillies 74, Capt. Edw. Brace, lying at Portsmouth; and on 20 of the ensuing month he was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant; his appointments in which capacity, it appears, were, 1 July, 1823, and 26 Dec. 1824, to the Sybille frigate, Capt. John Brooke Pechell, and Revenge 76, flag-ship of Sir Harry Burrard Neale, on the Jamaica and Mediterranean stations. He attained the rank of Commander 8 April, 1825; and, after he had had command for about 12 mouths of the Parthian 10, in the Mediterranean, was advanced, 28 April, 1827, to Post-rank. From the latter date Capt. Martin did not again go afloat until appointed, 21 Nov. 1836, to the Carysfort 26, in which vessel he was for nearly five years again employed in the Mediterranean, where his services on the coast of Syria, including the attacks upon Tortosa and St. Jean d’Acre, procured his enrolment among the Companions of the Bath, 18 Dec. 1840. On the former occasion he received the grateful acknowledgments of Capt. Houston Stewart, of the Benbow, the senior officer present, for the support and assistance he afforded him, as well as for the astonishing precision of his fire in covering the boats and men employed on shore. He has been in command, since 15 Nov. 1845, of the Grampus 50, in the Pacific. Agents – Messrs. Halford and Co.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Marshall, William (a)

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​MARSHALL. (Lieut., 1815. f-p., 15; h-p., 33.)
William Marshall (a) entered the Navy, in 1799, as Fst.-cl. Vol., on board the Wrangler gun-brig, commanded in succession by two Lieutenants, under whom he was for three years employed on the Leith station. In 1802 he proceeded to the West Indies in the Reynard sloop, Capt. Peter Spicer; and he was next, between 1803 and 1807, employed on the St. Helena and Home stations, chiefly we believe in the capacity of Second Master, in the Egyptienne frigate and Revenge 74, both commanded by Hon. Chas. Elphinstone Fleeming; assisting, in the Egyptienne, at the capture of L’Epervier of 16 guns and 90 men, L’Actéon of 16 guns and 126 men, and La Chiffonette privateer of 14 guns and 80 men; and sharing, in the same ship, in Sir Robert Calder’s action 22 July, 1805. In June, 1807, he removed to the Edgar 74, Capts. Jas. Macnamara and Stephen Poyntz; in which ship, it appears, he served off Rochefort, in the Baltic, and off Flushing, until Dec. 1810. During his stay in the Baltic we find him witnessing the embarkation, from Nyeborg, of the Spanish General the Marquis de la Romana, and his patriot troops. On leaving the Edgar he joined the Tremendous 74, Capt. Robt. Campbell. With that officer he continued to serve, again in the Baltic, and also in the Mediterranean, until May, 1815. He then took up a commission dated on 10 of the previous Feb., and has since been on half-pay. Agents – Goode and Lawrence.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Marshall, William (b)

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​MARSHALL. (Commander, 1845.)
William Marshall (b) was born in Jan. 1796. This officer entered the Navy, 3 Sept. 1805, as a Volunteer, on board the Tartar 32, Capt. Edw. Hawker, employed on the Halifax station; where he continued to serve, until the conclusion of hostilities, in the Melampus 36, also commanded by Capt. Hawker, and in the Indian 18, Capt. Chas. John Austen, Horatio 38, Capt. Geo. Scott, Ruby ​64, Capt. Ferrier, Guerrière of 48 guns and 244 men, Capt. Jas. Rich. Dacres, Belvidera 36, Capt. Rich. Byron, Merope 10, Capt. Wm. Benj. Suckling, and Wasp sloop, Capts. Peter Fisher and Wm. Woolridge. He was on board the Horatio at the capture, 21 Feb. 1810, after a long chase and a running fight of one hour, of La Nécessité, pierced for 40 guns, but not mounting more than 28, with a complement of 186 men; and, as Midshipman, on board the Guerrière, when taken, 19 Aug. 1812, notwithstanding a struggle of nearly an hour and three-quarters, attended with a loss of 15 killed and 63 wounded, by the United States ship Constitution, of 56 guns and 460 men, 7 of whom at least were killed and as many wounded. While attached to the Belvidera he was afforded an opportunity of seeing much boat-service. He remained in the Wasp, on the Mediterranean station, latterly in the capacity of Acting-Master, until the summer of 1818; and between that period and his promotion to the rank of Lieutenant, 29 July, 1825, was employed in the Coast Blockade as Midshipman and Mate of the Severn 40, Capt. Wm. M‘Culloch. He left the latter service, after having been further borne on the books of the Ramillies and Talavera 74’s, Capts. M‘Culloch and Hugh Pigot, in April, 1831; and was subsequently appointed – 15 April, 1831, to the Coast Guard – 30 June, 1834, to the command of the Nimble Revenue-vessel – 27 June, 1837, again to the Coast Guard – and 22 Dec. 1841, to the command of the Adelaide, another Revenue-cruizer. He acquired the rank he now holds 16 Jan. 1845, and has since been on half-pay. He married in 1821, and has issue five children. Agent – J. Hinxman.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Marshall, Willoughby Charles

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​MARSHALL. (Lieutenant, 1845.)
Willoughby Charles Marshall passed his examination 30 Aug. 1837; and for several years prior to his promotion to the rank of Lieutenant, which took place 1 Sept. 1845, was employed on the South American station, as Mate, in the Actaeon 26, .Capt. Robt. Russell, Crescent receiving-ship, Lieut.-Commander Malachi Donellan, and Gorgon steam-sloop, Capt. Chas. Hotham. He was on board the latter vessel when she was driven on shore in a hurricane at Colonia, and was concerned in the long and arduous operations which preceded her being got off. For several months of 1846 Lieut. Marshall was employed in the East Indies on board the Dido 18, Capt. John Balfour Maxwell.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Marsham, Henry Shovell

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​MARSHAM. (Captain, 1833. f-p., 20; h-p., 20.)
Henry Shovell Marsham entered the Navy, 17 May, 1807, as Fst.-cl. Vol., on board the Superb 74, Capts. Donald M‘Leod and Sam. Jackson, bearing the broad pendant of Commodore Rich. Goodwin Keats. In that ship he went to the Mediterranean in pursuit of a French squadron which had effected its escape from Rochefort, witnessed the embarkation from Nyeborg of the Spanish troops under the Marquis de la Romana, and, previously to accompanying the expedition to the Walcheren, was in her when she was frozen up at Gottenborg and only extricated by a canal being cut through four miles of ice. After a servitude of three months at Spithead in the Puissant 74, Capt. Robt. Hall, he became Midshipman, in March, 1810, of the Defiance 74, commanded by Capt. Hon. Henry Hotham, with whom he continued employed in the Northumberland 74 until Jan. 1813; being in consequence afforded an opportunity, in the latter ship, of assisting, 22 May, 1812, when in company with the Growler gun-brig, at the gallant destruction, at the entrance of L’Orient, of the French 40-gun frigates L’Arienne and L’Andromaque, and 16-gun-brig Mamelouck, whose united fire, conjointly with that of a destructive battery, killed 5 of the Northumberland’s people and wounded 28. He obtained his first commission while serving with Sir John Borlase Warren on the coast of North America in the San Domingo of 74 guns, 30 June, 1813; and was subsequently appointed – 1 July, 1813, to the Ramillies 74, Capt. Sir Thos. Masterman Hardy, engaged in the blockade of New London – 2 Sept. 1814, again to the Superb, bearing the flag of Hon. H. Hotham on the coasts of America and France – 26 Aug. 1818 (two years and seven months after he had left the Superb), to the Rochfort 80, Capts. Andrew Pellet Green and Chas. Marsh Schomberg, to which ship, bearing the flags in the Mediterranean of Sir Thos. Fras. Fremantle and Sir Graham Moore, he continued attached for upwards of five years and a half – and 6 July, 1824, as senior, to the Cambrian 46, Capt. Gawen Wm. Hamilton, on the same station, where, in command, in the Negropont Channel, of the boats of his own ship and the Seringapatam, he contrived to board and carry, in the most gallant manner, notwithstanding a desperate resistance, two piratical vessels, each with 1 gun and about 30 men, 31 Jan. 1825. The terms of high commendation in which his conduct on the occasion was reported procured him a Commander’s commission dated 21 of the following April. His next appointments were – 10 Sept. 1829 and 25 Feb. 1831, to the Britannia 120, Capt. Geo. Burdet, and St. Vincent 120, Capt. Humphrey Fleming Senhouse, stationed in the Mediterranean, where, at the period of his official advancement to the rank of Captain, 24 Dec. 1833, he was acting as such in the Malabar 74. Since the paying off of the Malabar in July, 1834, he has been on half-pay.
Capt. Marsham married, in 1838, Maria, daughter of W. Jones, Esq., of Ballinamore, co. Leitrim, and Hayle Place, co. Kent. Agents – Messrs. Ommanney.