OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# History of Iowa From the Earliest Times to the Beginning of the Twentieth Century/4/Charles G. Gilman

[Charles Carroll Gilman]
​CHARLES C. GILMAN was a native of the State of Maine, where he was born on the 22d of February, 1833. He attended an academy at Winterport where he prepared for college and entered the sophomore class of what is now Colby University and studied medicine with his father who was an eminent physician. In 1857 he came to Iowa, stopping at Dubuque, where he became largely engaged in the wholesale lumber trade. When the Civil War began he was active in raising four companies for the service, coöperating with his friend, Francis J. Herron, who became one of the most brilliant officers from Iowa as the war progressed. In 1858, when the Dubuque & Sioux City Railroad was pushing its line westward, Mr. Gilman established the town of Earlville by erecting twenty-eight buildings for residences and business. During the years 1860-61 he built elevators at Monticello, Marion and Cedar Falls, besides buying water power and erecting flouring mills. In 1864 he wrote articles for the newspapers urging the improvement of the rapids in the Mississippi River at Davenport and Keokuk, in which he had the coöperation of the St. Louis Times, then conducted by Stilson Hutchins, the Chicago Journal, then edited by Frank Gilbert, both formerly Iowa editors, the Dubuque, Davenport, Burlington and Keokuk papers. This movement resulted in the holding of conventions which brought about action of Congress making appropriations for the work that was finally accomplished. In 1866 Mr. Gilman made the first soundings of the Mississippi River at Dubuque for the railroad bridge which was later built. In 1867 he organized a company for the construction of a railroad from Ackley via Eldora to Marshalltown, which finally resulted in the building of the Central Railroad of Iowa, the first north and south line in the State. From 1867 to 1872 Mr. Gilman devoted his energies to this enterprise as president and superintendent of the construction company.
# History of Iowa From the Earliest Times to the Beginning of the Twentieth Century/4/Charles H. Abbott

​ CHARLES H. ABBOTT was born in Concord, New Hampshire, January 26, 1819. After completing his education he started west, stopping in Michigan. In 1850 he came to Iowa and settled in Louisa County, but later removed to Muscatine, where he engaged in farming, banking and real estate business. Upon the organization of the Thirtieth Iowa Volunteer Infantry in the summer of 1862, Mr. Abbott was appointed colonel of the regiment and at once took command. He participated in the Battle of Chickasaw Bayou, and while leading his regiment in the assault upon Vicksburg, May 22, 1863, was killed.
# History of Iowa From the Earliest Times to the Beginning of the Twentieth Century/4/Charles J. Ives

[C J Ives]
​ CHARLES J. IVES of Cedar Rapids is an illustration of a class of citizens of Iowa, starting in boyhood with only an inheritance of intellect, energy and a laudable ambition to accomplish something worth living for, has attained a high position in one of the great industries of the age. He was born in Rutland County, Vermont, October 4, 1831. He had but a limited school education, working on his father's farm until grown when he went with the crowds of gold seekers to the mining region of Pike's Peak. Returning to Iowa he obtained a subordinate position in a local office of the Burlington Railroad Company. Obtaining a knowledge of the business, in 1871 he was appointed freight agent of the first division of the Burlington, Cedar Rapids & Minnesota Railway Company. From this position he gained more knowledge of the growing railroad system and business then in the process of rapid development and developed the qualities required by that great industry and arose rapidly and steadily from one position to another until he had mastered the exacting problems of successful management and attained the control of the complicated business, holding the positions of president and general superintendent of the Burlington, Cedar Rapids & Northern Railway. When he first entered its service, the entire length of the road was forty miles. Largely owing to his executive management and enterprise the system now has lines over the State aggregating 1,500 miles in length.
# Highway Express Lines, Inc. v. Jones Motor Company/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
United States Supreme Court
377 U.S. 217
Highway Express Lines, Inc. v. Jones Motor Company
The motion to affirm is granted and the judgment is affirmed.
Mr. Justice DOUGLAS, Mr. Justice HARLAN and Mr. Justice GOLDBERG are of the opinion that probable jurisdiction should be noted.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Highway Needs of the National Defense/Highway Needs of the National Defense

Layout 2
Washington, DC: United States Government Printing Office, page 1
HIGHWAY NEEDS OF THE NATIONAL DEFENSE
Section 2 of the Federal-aid Highway Act of 1948, approved June 29, 1948, provides that:
“The Commissioner of Public Roads is hereby directed to cooperate with the State highway departments in a study of the status of improvement of the National System of Interstate Highways, designated in accordance with the provisions of section 7 of the Federal-aid Highway Act of 1944; to invite the cooperation and suggestions of the Secretary of Defense and the National Security Resources Board as to their indicated or potential needs for improved highways for the national defense; and to supplement, not later than April 1, 1949, the report dated February 1, 1941, entitled ‘Highways for the National Defense’ (77th Cong., 1st sess.), to reflect current conditions and deficiencies.”
This direction of the Congress has been complied with in every respect. A detailed study of the status of improvement of the National System of Interstate Highways has been made, with the complete cooperation of every State highway department. The Secretary of Defense and the National Security Resources Board have been invited to cooperate and have responded with suggestion of the indicated or potential needs for improved highways for the national defense; and the following report, supplementary to the report dated February 1, 1941, entitled “Highways for the National Defense,” reflects the conditions and principal deficiencies of the highway system of the United States, existing December 31, 1948, as they are believed to affect the national defense.
# Highway Express Lines, Inc. v. Jones Motor Company

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
377 U.S. 217
Highway Express Lines, Inc. v. Jones Motor Company
PENNSYLVANIA PUBLIC UTILITY COMMISSION, appellant,
v.
JONES MOTOR CO., Inc.
No. 977. Supreme Court of the United States
May 18, 1964
Rehearing Denied June 15, 1964.
See 84 S.Ct. 1882.
Robert H. Young and William E. Zeiter, for appellant Highway Express Lines, Inc. and others.
William A. Goichman, Edward Munce and Joseph C. Bruno, for appellant Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission.
Roland Rice and Christian V. Graf, for appellee.
Solicitor General Cox and Robert W. Ginnane, for the United States and the Interstate Commerce Commission.
PER CURIAM.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# History of Iowa From the Earliest Times to the Beginning of the Twentieth Century/3/Counties/Howard

​ HOWARD COUNTY lies in the third tier west of the Mississippi River and its northern boundary is the Minnesota line. It was originally a part of Fayette and as first established in 1851 contained but twelve townships. In 1855, however, the north half of townships ninety-seven, ranges eleven to fourteen were detached from Chickasaw and added to Howard, giving it an area of four hundred seventy-six square miles. The county was named for General T. A. Howard of Indiana.
The first white man who built a cabin within the limits of this county was Hiram Johnson who in December, 1851, settled at Oregon Grove on the Turkey River. In 1854 several families came to Oregon Grove among whom were S. M. Cole, H. S. Shuttleworth, George Scofield, Thomas Lewis and C. M. Munson. This grove is about two miles south of the town of Cresco. Soon after the beginning of this settlement several families located near Cresco. Among them were C. S. Thurber, M. L. Shook, James Siddall, M. G. Goss and others. In 1855 other families settled on the Little Wapsipinicon.
The county was organized in 1855, electing the ​following officers: James G. Upton, judge; Edmund Gillette, clerk; William Woodward, recorder and treasurer; John Harlow, sheriff, and M. V. Burdick, prosecuting attorney. Vernon Springs was the first county-seat and there the first mill was built on the Turkey River by George Sprague in 1853. Mr. Miller opened the first store the following year. Harriet Cole taught the first school in a log cabin at Oregon Grove in 1854. The land upon which Cresco stands was entered in 1853 by one Mr. Barber who built a log cabin in the woods which was purchased by Martin L. Shook in 1854 and was known as Shook’s Grove. In 1866 it was owned by Augustus Beadle, W. M. Strong and B. H. Edgarton who laid out the town of Cresco. Judge Samuel Murdock held the first court in the county at Howard Center in 1857.
In February, 1858, a weekly newspaper was established at New Oregon named the Howard County Sentinel with J. H. Field as editor. The Milwaukee Railroad runs through the northwest part of the county passing through the towns of Cresco and Lime Springs.
# History of Iowa From the Earliest Times to the Beginning of the Twentieth Century/3/Counties/Ida

​ IDA COUNTY lies in the second tier east of the Missouri River and in the fourth south of the Minnesota line. It was created in 1851, containing twelve townships, making an area of four hundred thirty-three square miles. The name was suggested by Eliphalet Price. The Maple River flows through the county from northeast to southwest affording water power.
In 1854 Robert Townsley, Edward Smith and Samuel King took claims in the county, opened farms and built log cabins. In 1856 J. H. Morehead and E. Comstock and families settled at Ida Grove on the Maple River. For many years this was an important station on the stage line between Fort Dodge and Sioux City, remote from other settlements. On one of the high ridges near the station in early days there was an Indian village the remains of which were visible for many years after the first white settlements.
In 1858 the county was organized and the following officers were chosen: J. H. Morehead, judge; J. S. Loveland, recorder and treasurer; and Bushrod Warren, clerk. The county-seat was located at Ida Grove where a town was laid out by S. H. Hobbs in 1871. The first school was taught at Ida Grove by Miss Atwood and the first term of court was held there by Judge A. W. Hubbard in 1857. W. P. Evans established the first newspaper in the county at Ida Grove in March, 1872, which was named the Ida County Pioneer. J. H. Morehead was the first postmaster in the county serving from 1860 to 1872 at Ida Grove. The old town of Ida Grove was on the north side of the river near the junction of the Odebolt and the Maple. When the Northwestern Railroad was built in 1877, a new town was laid out on the south side of the Odebolt which also took the name of Ida Grove and became the county-seat. In 1877 the Blair Company laid out the town of Battle Creek on the Maple Valley branch of the Northwestern road.
# History of Iowa From the Earliest Times to the Beginning of the Twentieth Century/3/Counties/Iowa

​ IOWA COUNTY was created in February, 1847, from territory belonging to Keokuk. It lies in the fourth tier west of the Mississippi River, also in the fourth from the south line of the State and is twenty-four miles square containing an area of five hundred eighty-four square miles. It was named for the Iowa River which flows through the northern part of the county.
The first settler within its limits was Edward Ricord in 1837. Linaeas Niles, John Burget and Mr. Cleveland in 1844 made claims near where Homestead now stands. Soon after Robert Mckee, R. F. Mason, Amos Crocker, Charles Kitchen, Williams Downward and Absalom Washington with their families settled along the Iowa River near where Marengo now stands. Edward Ricard built the first house in the county in 1844 in a grove on Old Man’s Creek in the south part of the county.
In 1843 representatives of a German community selected a large tract of land in Iowa County for the purpose of planting a colony called the Amana Society. The members hold peculiar religious views in some respects similar to the Quakers. They own most of the land in Amana township, which is held in common and the business is conducted by persons chosen for that purpose at annual elections. They are divided into seven settlements where they have stores, shops, mills and factories. Many of their dwellings are large and each occupied by several families. The county was organized in 1847 and the
STEAMBOAT ROCK ON THE MAQUOKETA RIVER
​following officers were chosen: Lewis Lansing, treasurer; G. W. Kitchen, recorder; A. D. Stephens, probate judge; A. P. Kitchen, sheriff.
Commissioners selected a site for the county-seat on the banks of the Iowa River and caused a town to be platted which was named Marengo. William Downward built the first house in the new town and, in company with H. H. Hull, opened the first store. Robert Mckee was appointed postmaster and Mr. Kirkpatrick opened a public house. The Methodists organized the first church in 1848. In 1859 the Mississippi and Missouri Railroad was built to Marengo which was the terminus for several years. The town of Victor is on this railroad in the western part of the county. In 1856 Clinton Edwards established a newspaper at the county-seat named Marengo Visitor. The first court was held by Judge J. P. Carlton at the house of H. H. Hill in May, 1847.
# History of Iowa From the Earliest Times to the Beginning of the Twentieth Century/3/Counties/Harrison

​ HARRISON COUNTY was created in 1851, lying on the Missouri River in the fourth tier north of the Missouri State line. It contains an area of six hundred ninety-five miles and was name for General William H. Harrison, ninth President of the United States. The valley of the Missouri River on its western border spreads out in level bottom land to the width of from four to ten miles and is of unsurpassed fertility. The Boyer River runs through the county in a southwesterly direction and the Little Sioux crosses its northwest corner. On the 3d of April, 1848, Daniel Brown took a claim on Willow Creek in a grove near where the village of Calhoun stands. He was robbed by the Indians who plundered his cabin and drove away his horses and cattle. Among the earliest settlers were Silas Condit, two brothers named Chase, James Hardy, Charles Lepenta, Dr. Robert McGovern, Andrew Allen and Jacob Pattee. For several years the early settlers were annoyed by wandering bands of Indians who came through that region on hunting expeditions.
The county was organized in 1853 by the election of the following officers: Stephen King, judge; P. G. Cooper, treasurer; Chester Hamilton, sheriff; William Cooper, clerk, and John Thomson, school fund commissioner. In March, 1853, the county-seat was located by commissioners near the geographical center of the county where a town ​was laid out and named Magnolia. The first term court was held in May, 1855, by Judge S. H. Riddle in a log house. A newspaper was established in 1858 by Isaac Parish at the town of Calhoun, named the Harrison County Flag; it was the first in the county. The Northwestern Railroad was constructed through the county following down the Boyer valley and in a southwesterly direction reaching Council Bluffs in 1868. Dunlap and Logan are towns on this line of road which were laid out in 1867. Missouri Valley is at the junction of the Sioux City and Pacific Railroad with the Northwestern and was laid out in 1867. Many of the earliest settlers in the county were Mormons who crossed the State in 1846-7 and remained when their brethren continued their journey from Kanesville to Salt Lake.
# History of Iowa From the Earliest Times to the Beginning of the Twentieth Century/3/Counties/Henry

​ HENRY COUNTY as first established in December, 1836, from the original county of Demoine, embraced portions of the present counties of Lee, Des Moines, Van Buren, Jefferson and Washington. On the 21st of January, 1839, it was established with present boundaries. It lies in the second tier west of the Mississippi River and also in the second north of the Missouri State line, contains an area of four hundred thirty-three square miles and was named for Governor Henry Dodge of Wisconsin Territory. The Skunk River runs through the county in southwesterly direction.
In the spring of 1834 James Dawson made a claim west of Mt. Pleasant. In the fall of the same year Presley Saunders of Springfield, Illinois, made a claim where Mr. Pleasant is located and the following year made the first plat of the town. In 1837 the Legislature of Wisconsin Territory located the county-seat at Mt. Pleasant. A post-office had been opened the year previous. Among the earliest settlers were Joseph Moore, A. C. Dover, John Wilford, Aaron Street, Jesse Hancock, Rev. W. M. Mortow, Rev. Samuel Hutton and Presley Saunders.
​The county was organized in 1837 when the following officers were elected: Robert C. Roberts, treasurer; W. D. Brown, sheriff, and Robert Caulk, Samuel Brazelton and George J. Sharp, commissioners. The first term of court was held in a log cabin at Mt. Pleasant in April, 1837, at which Judge David Irwin presided. The first house in Mt. Pleasant was built in the fall of 1835 by Joseph Moore who opened a store in it. William Thompson was the first mayor of Mt. Pleasant. In 1849 D. M. Kelsey established the first newspaper called the Iowa Freeman. In and about the town of Salem a large number of families of Quakers settled at an early day. The first insane asylum of the State was located at Mt. Pleasant. The main line of the Burlington and Missouri Railroad runs through the county from east to west.
# History of Iowa From the Earliest Times to the Beginning of the Twentieth Century/3/Counties/Jasper

​ JASPER COUNTY lies in the sixth tier west of the Mississippi River and in the fourth north of the Missouri line. It contains twenty townships, embracing an area of seven hundred thirty square miles and was created in January, 1840, from territory formerly included in the original county of Keokuk. It was named for Sergeant William Jasper of the Revolutionary War. Poweshiek, a noted Fox chief, had his principal village in this county on Indian Creek and a smaller one a mile west of Newton.
A portion of the county was opened to settlement in May, 1843, and the remainder in October, 1845. William Highland and family were the first white settlers who, in May, 1843, took a claim in a grove near Monroe. A few months later Adam M. Toole, John Frost and John Vance located in the same vicinity which became known as Tool’s point. In 1845 settlements were made on Clear Creek by Mr. Knitz at Hixon’s Grove by Jacob Bennett and on the site of Newton by Ballinger Adeloytte.
In April, 1846, a county government was organized by the election of the following officers: J. R. Sparks, Manley Gifford and Jacob Bennett, commissioners; J. H. Franklin, clerk; J. W. Swann, treasurer; David ​Edmundson, sheriff; Seth Hammer, recorder; and W. Fleener, probate judge. The county-seat was located by commissioners in July, 1846, at a central place where a town was laid out and named Newton City. A rude log building was erected for a court-house in which Judge Joseph Williams of Muscatine held the first term of court. The first store in the county was opened at Tool’s Point by Daniel Hiskey in 1851. The first school was taught by William E. Smith at Elk Creek settlement in the winter of 1848.
In 1850 commissioners chosen by the General Assembly to select a site for the permanent Capital of the State decided on the tract of prairie four miles northwest of Toole’s Point. A sale of lots was held but the State refused to make it the Capital and the plat was eventually vacated and used for farms. Monroe was laid out at Toole’s Point by David Hiskey in 1856 and has grown into a flourishing town. Prairie City was platted in 1856 by James Elliott and was first named Elliott. Kellogg, which was first called Jasper City, was laid out in September, 1865, by Enos Blair and A. W. Adair. Colfax, on the Skunk River, was named for Schuyler Colfax, Vice-President of the United States, and has long been famous for its mineral springs. The Newton Free Press was a weekly newspaper established in the 1859 by the Campbell brothers. The main line of the Rock Island Railroad runs from east to west, while the Keokuk division runs through the western part of the county.
# History of Iowa From the Earliest Times to the Beginning of the Twentieth Century/3/Counties/Jefferson

​ JEFFERSON COUNTY, originally a part of Demoine, was established in January, 1839. It is the third county west of the Mississippi River in the second tier north of the Missouri State line and contains twelve townships, embracing an area of four hundred thirty-two square miles. It was named for Thomas Jefferson, author of the Declaration of Independence. The county-seat was located in March, 1839, where a town was laid out and ​named Fairfield. The county was organized by the election of the following officers: J. J. Smith, Daniel Seares and B. F. Chatlin, county commissioners; John A. Pizer, clerk; J. W. Sullivan, treasurer; James Sanders, recorder.
The first settlement had been made in the spring of 1836 by James Lanman, Amos Lemon, George Stout, Alfred Wright and others who took claims in the eastern part of the county. The first term of court was held by Judge Joseph Williams in August, 1839. A court-house was built in the fall of the same year and a jail was built in 1841. The first house in the town was erected by Henry B. Notson in the spring of 1839. The United States land office was removed from Burlington to Fairfield in 1842. The first store was opened by William Hutson immediately after the town was platted and a tavern was kept in a log cabin with but one room and a loft, by Thomas Dickey. Miss Clarisa Sawyer taught the first school in a log cabin in the spring of 1839. On the 12th of June, 1847, the first number of a weekly newspaper was issued by A. R. Sparks, called the Iowa Sentinel.
The state Agricultural Society was organized at Fairfield on the 28th of December, 1853. Parsons College was located at Fairfield in December, 1874, in consideration of $30,000 donated to the institution by the citizens. The Burlington Railroad traverses the county from east to west.
# George Silverman's Explanation

* the text of an unknown edition
* the 1900 reprint from The Holly-Tree Inn and Other Reprinted Pieces
# George Smith Middlings Purifier Company v. McGroarty

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
136 U.S. 237
George Smith Middlings Purifier Company v. McGroarty
[Statement of Case from pages 237-239 intentionally omitted]
Joseph Wilby and J. C. Harper, for appellants.
Thos. McDougall, for appellees.
Mr. Justice GRAY, after stating the case as above, delivered the opinion of the court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse