OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Martin, David

​MARTIN, DAVID (1737–1798), painter and engraver, born in 1737, was son of the parish schoolmaster at Anstruther in Fife. His brother, the Rev. Samuel Martin, D.D., was minister of the parish of Moniaive, co. Fife. He became a pupil of Allan Ramsay the portrait-painter [q. v.], and when quite young accompanied Ramsay to Rome. On his return he became a student at the academy in St. Martin's Lane, where he gained some premiums for drawings from the life. On leaving Ramsay Martin practised both as engraver and portrait-painter. He obtained considerable success in the latter line, and on ​returning to Scotland in 1775 was appointed principal painter to the Prince of Wales for Scotland. Martin was a member of the Incorporated Society of Artists, and from 1773 to 1775 was the society's treasurer. He contributed portraits or engravings to their exhibitions from 1765 to 1777, and also exhibited portraits at the Free Society of Artists in 1767. On returning to London Martin resided for some years in Dean Street, Soho, and married a lady with some property. On her death, however, he returned to Edinburgh, where he died in 1798; he left no family.
As an engraver Martin produced some good engravings in mezzotint, including portraits of David Hume and Jean Jacques Rousseau, both after Allan Ramsay, L. F. Roubiliac after A. Carpentiers, Rembrandt after himself, and Lady Frances Manners from one of his own paintings. In line he engraved portraits of William Pulteney, earl of Bath, after A. Ramsay, and William Murray, earl of Mansfield, after one of his own portraits : also two landscapes with cattle after A. Cuyp, another after Gaspar Poussin, and six views of scenery near Sheffield. As a painter Martin worked in the style of Ramsay. Some of his portraits were engraved, including those of Benjamin Franklin (aged 60), Henry, earl Bathurst, James Bruce of Kinnaird, Rev. Thomas Henry (now in the Scottish National Portrait Gallery), Dr. Cullen,Dr. Alexander Carlyle [q. v.] (in the possession of Thomas Scott, esq. of Edinburgh), and others.
Martin painted his own portrait for Ramsay; a replica of this is now in the Scottish National Gallery at Edinburgh, and another is in the possession of Thomas Scott, esq. He is said to have given instruction to Sir Henry Raeburn [q. v.], and to have persuaded him to give up miniature-painting for oil-painting.
[Edwards's Anecd. of Painters; Redgrave's Dict. of Artists; Chaloner Smith's Brit. Mezzo-tinto Portraits; Cat. of the Scottish National Portrait Gallery; Catalogues of the Society of Artists; information from Thomas Scott, esq.]
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Martin, Elias

​MARTIN, ELIAS (1740?–1811), painter, engraver, and associate of the Royal Academy, was born in Sweden about 1740, and came to England about 1766. He appears to have been one of the early students of the Royal Academy, and in 1769 exhibited at the second exhibition, in Pall Mall, two pictures, 'A View of Westminster Bridge, with the King of Denmark's Procession by Water, taken from Mr. Searle's Timter Yard,' and a landscape, and also two drawings, 'A View in Sweden' and 'A Watchman Sleeping.' In 1770 he exhibited 'A Picture of the Royal Plaister Academy,' 'A View of Hanover Square,' and two others. In 1771 he was elected an associate of the Royal Academy, and was then residing in Dean Street, Soho. In that year he exhibited 'A View of the King's Palace at Stockholm ' and three landscapes. He continued to exhibit in 1773 and 1774, in which year he removed to Leicester Street, Leicester Fields, and again in 1777, 1779, and 1780. His contributions were varied, comprising landscapes with figures, views of gentlemen's seats, small water-colour or crayon portraits, tasteful and humorous costume or domestic subjects, and engravings from his own designs, in a manner imitating red chalk. In 1776 he exhibited for the only time at the Free Society of Artists. After 1780 he returned to Sweden, where he became court painter to the king of Sweden at Stockholm. He returned to England in 1790, and sent from Bath eight pictures to the Royal Academy. At Stockholm, Martin was considered, or at least considered himself, the first landscape-painter in Sweden. His later works had, however, very little merit. He engraved a number of small domestic subjects from his own designs in stipple or red chalk manner, and also a large family group of himself and his children, entitled 'A Family Concert.' He had two sons, Carolus, a cabinetmaker, and John, an artist. Martin died at Stockholm in 1811.
His brother, John Frederick Martin (1745–1808), engraver, born at Stockholm in 1745, came with him to England, resided with him, made numerous engravings in the red chalk manner from his drawings, and returned with him to Stockholm. There his engravings after Deprez, Skioldebrand, and other native artists were well known. He died at Stockholm in 1808.
[Weinwich's Dansk, Norsk og Svensk Konstner-Lexicon; Acerbi's Travels through Sweden, &c., vol. i. chap. ix.; Sandby's Hist. of the Royal Academy; Redgrave's Dict. of Artists.]
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Martin, Bendal

​MARTIN or MARTYN, BENDAL (1700–1761), essayist. [See under Martin or Martyn, Henry, d. 1721.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Martin, Frederick

​MARTIN, FREDERICK (1830–1883), miscellaneous writer, born at Geneva on 19 Nov. 1830, was educated at Heidelberg; he settled in England at an early age. For some years subsequent to 1856 he was secretary and amanuensis to Thomas Carlyle, whom he aided in his historical researches; his knowledge of German and capacity for work made him very useful. He died on 27 Jan. 1883 at his house in Lady Margaret Road, N.W., leaving a widow and family.
Martin started a short-lived biographical magazine called 'The Statesman,' in which he began an account of Carlyle's early life, but as the latter did not approve, he discontinued it. He inaugurated the 'Statesman's Year-Book' in 1864, and in 1879 Lord Beaconsfield, struck by its usefulness, conferred upon him a pension of 100l. a year. He continued to supervise his 'Year-Book' till December 1882, when he was compelled by ill-health to give it up, and it was undertaken by Mr. J. Scott Keltie. He wrote largely for various papers, and was an occasional contributor to the 'Athenæum.'
Martin contributed a memoir of Chatterton, prefixed to an edition of the latter's 'Poems' (1865), superintended a new edition of MacCulloch's 'Geographical Dictionary' (1866), contributed vol. ii. of 'The ​National History of England' (1873, &c.), and revised the fifth edition of Townsend's 'Manual of Dates' (1877).
Among his other works may be mentioned: 1. 'The Life of John Clare,' 8vo, London, 1866. 2. 'Stories of Banks and Bankers,' 8vo, London, 1866. 3. 'Commercial Handbook of France,' 8vo, London, 1867. 4. 'The Story of Alec Drummond of the 17th Lancers,' 3 vols. 8vo, London, 1869. 6. 'Handbook of Contemporary Biography,' 8vo, London, 1870. 6. 'The History of Lloyd's and of Marine Insurance in Great Britain,' 8vo, London, 1876. 7. 'The Property and Revenues of the English Church Establishment,' 8vo, London, 1877.
[Times, 29 Jan. 1883; Ward's Men of the Reign; private information.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Martin, Anthony

​MARTIN, ANTHONY (d. 1597), miscellaneous writer, son of David Martin (d. 1556) of Twickenham, Middlesex, by his wife, Jane Cooke (d. 1563) of Greenwich, Kent, was a member of Trinity Hall, Cambridge, when Queen Elizabeth visited the university in August 1564. He does not appear to have graduated. About 1570 he was appointed gentleman sewer of the queen's chamber, which office he held for life. On the night of 27 April 1570, after leaving the palace at Westminster, he was waylaid by George Varneham of Richmond, Surrey, with whom he was at feud, and forced to fight with him. He gave Varneham a wound, of which he died the following day, and Martin had to enter into recognisances to appear at the next gaol delivery at Newgate (Middlesex County Records, ed. Jeaffreson, i. 65-6). By letters patent dated on 8 Aug. 1588 he was constituted keeper of the royal library within ​the palace of Westminster for life, with the annual stipend of twenty marks. The queen also granted him a leasehold at Richmond, Surrey. On 2 Nov. 1591, being then cup-bearer to the queen, he was empowered to license all merchants to purchase and export tin, they paying him fourpence on every hundredweight exported (Cal. State Papers, Dom. 1591-4 p. 119, 1598-1601 p. 65). He died unmarried at Richmond, and was buried at Twickenham on 25 Aug. 1597.
Martin published: 1. 'The Tranquillitie of the Minde : a very excellent . . . oration . . . compyled in Latine by John Bernarde . . . now lately translated into Englishe,' 8vo, London, 1570. 2. 'The Common Places of . . . Doctor Peter Martyr. . . . Translated and part he gathered by A. Marten,' fol., London, 1583. 3. 'An Exhortation, to stirre up the mindes of all her Majesties faithfull subjects, to defend their Countrey in this dangerous time from the Invasion of Enemies,' 4to, London, 1588 ; at the end are his prayers to this purpose, pronounced in her majesty's chapel and elsewhere (reprinted in the 'Harleian Miscellany'). 4. 'A second Sound, or Warning of the Trumpet unto Judgment, wherein is proved that all the Tokens of the latter Day are not onelie come, but welneere finished,' 4to, London, 1589. 5. 'A Reconciliation of all the Pastors and Cleargy of the Church of England,' 4to, London, 1590.
[Notes kindly supplied by J. Challenor Smith, esq.; Cooper's Athenæ Cantabr. ii. 242, 550; Cat. of Books in Brit. Mus. to 1640; will of David Martin in Commissary Court of London, 1557, f. 20 a; will of Jane Martin in P. C. C. 15, Chayre; will of Anthony Martin in P. C. C. 107, Cobham.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Green, Henry (d.1369)

​GREEN, Sir HENRY (d. 1369), judge, was probably advocate to Queen Isabella, who granted him the manor of Briggestoke in Northamptonshire. He was king's serjeant in 1345, and knighted and appointed a judge of the common pleas on 6 Feb. 1354. In 1358, having been cited before the pope for pronouncing sentence against the Bishop of Ely for harbouring malefactors, he entered no appearance and was excommunicated. On 24 May 1361 he was appointed chief justice of the king's bench, but was removed on 29 Oct. 1365. He is said by Barnes to have been removed for peculation, but the warrant directing him to transfer the rolls to his successor speaks of him as 'dilectus et fidelis,' and he is also called 'a wise justice' in Bellewes's 'Reports.'p. 142. In 1369 he died possessed of estates in Northamptonshire, Leicestershire, Yorkshire, Bedfordshire, Buckinghamshire, and Nottinghamshire, and of a house in Silver Street, Cripplegate, London. He married a daughter of Sir John de Drayton, by whom he had a son, Thomas, who succeeded to his estates.
[Abb. Rot. Orig. ii. 195; Bridges's Northamptonshire, ii. 247; Cal. Inq. p. m. ii. 206, iii. 136; Barnes's Edward III, pp. 624, 667; Dugdale's Chron. Ser.; Rot. Parl. ii. 268, 275, 283; Foss's Lives of the Judges.]
J. A. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Green, George Smith

​GREEN, GEORGE SMITH (d. 1762), author, was an eccentric eighteenth-century watchmaker of Oxford, with a turn for literary study. He published under the pseudonym of 'A Gentleman of Oxford,' in 1745, 'The State of Innocence and Fall of Man, described in Milton's "Paradise Lost." Rendered into prose, with notes. From the French of Raymond [i.e. Nicholas François Dupré] de St. Maur.' In 1750 Green published in his own name a remarkable narrative in two vols., 'The Life of Mr. J. Van … ; being a series of many extraordinary events and vicissitudes.' He also published the 'Parson's Parlour,' a poem (1756); and two unacted plays, 'Oliver Cromwell' (1752), being a ponderous five-act play, and 'A Nice Lady' (1762). He died 28 April 1762.
[Notes and Queries, 3rd ser. x. 47; Baker's Biog. Dram.; Disraeli's Curiosities of Literature.]
J. B-y.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Green, Henry (1801-1873)

​GREEN, HENRY (1801–1873), author, was born near Penshurst, Kent, on 23 June 1801. His father, a successful paper-maker, had intended his son for his own business. Literary tastes, however, and the influence of the Rev. George Harris, under whose care he was placed, induced him to devote himself to the ministry. He entered Glasgow University in November 1822, and after a distinguished career there took his M.A. degree in April 1825. In January 1827 he became minister of the old presbyterian chapel, Knutsford, Cheshire, which office he resigned in June 1872. During part of his pastorate he conducted a large private school, and published several handbooks to Euclid. He died on 9 Aug. 1873 at Knutsford, and he was buried in the yard of the old chapel. He married Mary, daughter of John Brandreth, who died 14 June 1871. Five of his six children survived him. His only son, Philip Henry, after a distinguished career at the bar, was appointed to an Indian judgeship. He was killed in the hotel at Casamicciola, Ischia, during the earthquake on 28 July 1883.
The following is a list of Green's chief writings: 1. 'Sir I. Newton's Views on Points of Trinitarian Doctrine; his Articles of Faith, and the general coincidence of his Opinions with those of J. Locke, &c.,' Manchester, 1856, 12mo. 2. 'The Cat in Chancery,' a volume of satirical verse, Manchester, 1858, published anonymously. 3. 'Knutsford and its Traditions and History, with Reminiscences, Anecdotes, and Notices of the Neighbourhood,' 1859. This accurate and interesting work was reprinted in 1887. 4. 'A Ramble to Ludchurch,' a poem, 1871, 8vo, and a number of sermons and contributions to antiquarian societies. During the last few years of his life he occupied himself much with the study of the early emblem writers, and published a facsimile reprint of 'Whitney's Choice of Emblems, with Notes and Dissertations,' 1866, 4to; 'Shakespeare and the Emblem Writers, with a View of the Emblem Literature down to A.D. 1616,' 1870. He was one of the founders and a member of the council of the Holbein Society, for which he edited six works. He was also the author of some pamphlets in defence of the church of England (in which he was born and brought up till his sixteenth year) against the efforts of the Liberation Society.
A. N.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Green, Hugh

​GREEN, HUGH, alias Ferdinand Brooks (1584?–1642), catholic martyr, born about 1584, was the son of a 'citizen and goldsmith in the parish of St. Giles, London.' Both his parents were protestants, and he was educated at Peterhouse, Cambridge, where he graduated B.A. Subsequently he travelled on the continent, and became a Roman catholic. He was received into the English College at Douay in 1609, and on 7 July 1610 he took the college oath, and was admitted an alumnus. He was confirmed at Cambray on 25 Sept. 1611, advanced to minor orders, and ordained sub-deacon at Arras on the following 17 Dec., deacon on 18 March, and priest on 14 June 1612. He left the college on 6 Aug. 1612, with the intention of joining the order of Capuchins, but ultimately proceeded to the English mission. Here for nearly thirty years he exercised his functions in various places under the name of Ferdinand Brooks. When Charles I in 1642 issued the proclamation commanding all priests to depart the realm within a stated time, Green, who was then at Chideock Castle, Dorsetshire, as chaplain to Lady Arundell, resolved to withdraw to the continent. Lady Arundell besought him to stay at Chideock, pointing out that the day fixed in the proclamation had already expired. Green, however, thinking there was yet time, proceeded to Lyme, and was boarding a vessel bound for France, when he was seized by a custom-house officer, carried before a justice of the peace, and by him committed to Dorchester gaol. On 17 Aug. 1642, after five months' close confinement, he was tried and sentenced to death by Chief-justice Foster. Two days later he was executed on a hill outside Dorchester under circumstances of the most terrible cruelty, being then in the fifty-seventh year of his age. A pious lady, Mrs. Elizabeth Willoughby, who attended him at the scaffold, wrote a minute narrative of his death, published in Jean Chifflet's 'Palmæ Cleri Anglicani,' 12mo, Brussels, 1645, p. 75.
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Green, Bartholomew

​GREEN, BARTHOLOMEW or BARTLET (1530–1556), protestant martyr, was born in the parish of Basinghall, city of London. He was of a wealthy catholic family, and at the age of sixteen was sent by his parents, 'who favoured learning,' to Oxford, proceeding B.A. in 1547 (Wood, Fasti, ed. Bliss, i. 125; Boase, Reg. of Univ. of Oxford, i. 212). At the university he was a laborious student, and was converted by Peter Martyr's lectures to the protestant religion (Foxe, Acts and Monuments, ed. Townsend, vii. 731-46). On leaving Oxford Green entered the Inner Temple, and after a period of dissipation his earlier impressions revived, and he gave up his worldly amusements. His family were scandalised by his protestantism, and his grandfather, Dr. Bartlet, offered him bribes to abandon it. At Oxford Green had made friends with Christopher Goodman [q. v.], and on Easter Sunday 1554 took the sacrament with him in London before Goodman went beyond the seas (Maitland, Essays on the Reformation, 112). A letter from Green to Goodman was intercepted in 1555, in which he told his correspondent 'The queen is not dead.' It was read before the council, and Green was thrown into the Tower on a charge of treason, which broke down. He was then examined on religious questions before Bonner in November 1555. He was again sent back to prison (to Newgate), but was re-examined (15 Jan. 1555-6) before Bonner and Feckenham [q. v.] and condemned to be burnt. Foxe gives a detailed account of his martyrdom, and of the letters he wrote before his death. His character seems by all accounts to have been very amiable. A letter from one Careless to him when in prison addresses him as a 'meek and loving lamb of Christ.' He went cheerfully to the stake at Smithfield at 9 a.m. on 27 Jan. A priest, three tradesmen, and two women, were burnt with him.
[Foxe's Acts and Monuments, ed. Townsend, vii. 659-715, viii. 785; Strype's Memorials, vol. ii. pt. i. p. 190; Strype's Life of Cranmer, i. 370, 532; Brook's Lives of the Puritans, ii. 124.]
E. T. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Green, Benjamin Richard

​GREEN, BENJAMIN RICHARD (1808–1876), water-colour painter, born in London in 1808, was son of James Green [q. v.], the portrait-painter. He studied art in the schools of the Royal Academy, and painted both figures and landscapes, mostly in water-colour. He was elected in 1834 a member of the Institute of Painters in Water-Colours. Green was very much employed as a teacher of drawing and a lecturer. He exhibited frequently at the Royal Academy and the Suffolk Street exhibitions, beginning in 1832, and also at the various exhibitions of paintings in water-colours. In 1829 Green published a numismatic atlas of ancient history, executed in lithography; a French edition of this work was published in the same year. Green also published some works on perspective, a lecture on ancient coins, and a series of heads from the antique. He was for many years secretary of the Artists' Annuity Fund, and died in London 5 Oct. 1876, aged 68. In the South Kensington Museum there is a water-colour drawing by him of the 'Interior of Stratford-on-Avon Church.'
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Green, Eliza S. Craven

​GREEN, Mrs. ELIZA S. CRAVEN (1803–1866), poetess, née Craven, was born at Leeds in 1803. Her early years were spent in the Isle of Man. Subsequently she lived at Manchester, but she returned to Leeds, where she resided many years. Her first book was 'A Legend of Mona, a Tale, in two Cantos,' Douglas, 1825, 8vo, and her second and last, 'Sea Weeds and Heath Flowers, or Memories of Mona,' Douglas, 1858, 8vo. she was a frequent contributor of poetry and prose sketches to the periodical press. She wrote for the 'Phœnix,' 1828, and the 'Falcon,' 1831, both Manchester magazines; for the 'Oddfellows' Magazine,' 1841 and later; for the 'Leeds Intelligencer, 'Le Follet,' 'Hogg's Instructor,' and 'Chambers's Journal,' and contributed to a volume of poems entitled 'The Festive Wreath,' published at Manchester in 1842. A few years before her death she received a gift from the queen's privy purse. She died at Leeds on 11 March 1866.
[Mayall's Annals of Yorkshire, iii. 17; Procter's Byegone Manchester, p. 167; Harrison's Bibliotheca Monensis (Manx Soc.), 1876. pp. 130, 195; Stainforth Sale Catalogue, 1867; Grainge's Poets of Yorkshire, ii. 505.]
C. W. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Green, Benjamin (1736?-1800?)

​GREEN, BENJAMIN (1736?–1800?), mezzotint engraver, was born at Halesowen in Worcestershire about 1736. He was probably brother of Amos Green [q.v.], the flower painter, and John Green of Oxford, the line engraver. He became a member of the Incorporated Society of Artists, and contributed to its exhibitions from 1765 to 1774. He was a good draughtsman and became drawing-master at Christ's Hospital. He published many plates of antiquities drawn and etched by himself, and also engraved in line the views for the Oxford almanacs from 1760 to 1766, and the illustrations to Morant's 'History and Antiquities of the County of Essex,' published in 1768. Some of his plates after the works of George Stubbs, A.R.A., are good examples of mezzotint engraving They include 'Phaeton driving the Chariot of the Sun,' 'The Horse before the Lion's Den,' 'The Lion and Stag,' 'The Horse and the Lioness,' and an equestrian ​portrait of George, lord Pigot. Besides these he engraved in mezzotint a few portraits, among which are those of Mrs. Baldwin, after Tilly Kettle, and Lieutenant-colonel Townshend, a small oval after Hudson. He died in London not later than 1800.
R. E. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Beulan

​BEULAN, a priest, described as the master of 'Nennius.' In the manuscript of the 'Historia Britonum' in the public library at Cambridge (quoted as A in Mon. Hist, History and as L in ed. Stevenson, Eng. Hist. Soc.), which, though not the most ancient manuscript, and though containing evident interpolations, has been used by Gale (Historiæ Brintannicæ &c., Scriptores XV.) and Petrie (Mon. Hist. Brit.) as the foundation of their texts, it is stated that the writer was the disciple of a priest of this name, to whom he dedicated his work, and that he left out the genealogies of the Saxons and of other races because they seemed to be of no use to his master. In this manuscript are given certain 'Versus Nennini' addressed by the writer to Samuel the son of Beulan, for whom he worked. Whoever the author of the 'Historia Britonum' may have been, it is certain that the writer of these verses and of the other references to Beulan lived after his time, and even after 858, the year assigned in the prologue to the work of 'Nennius,' and that he was a scribe who ​made glosses for Samuel the son of Beulan. On the strength of these notices, as it seems, Bale has made Beulan the author of certain works, 'De Genealogia Gentium,' 'Arthuri facta apud Scotos,' &c. Tanner has recorded Bale's dicta. The story connecting Beulan, Samuel, and the critical compiler of the 'Historia Britonum' is a fiction.
[The question of the authorship of the Historia Britonum, which includes that of the identity of Beulan, has been thoroughly discussed by Sir T. D. Hardy in the Preface and Introduction to the Monumenta Hist. Brit. 62–68, 108. His decisions on these points may be taken as final. See also text of Historia Nennii by Petrie in same collection, 48a, 76a, 77a, 81d; Stevenson's Nennii Hist. Præf. (Eng. Hist. Soc.); Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit. 135–139; Tanner's Bibl. Brit. 99.]
W. H.