OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The New International Encyclopædia/Crates (poet)

Edition of 1905. See also Crates (comic poet) on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
CRATES, krā′-tēz (Lat., from Gk. Κράτης, Kratēs). An Athenian comic poet of the fifth century B.C. He began his career as an actor in Cratinus's plays, and won his first victory in B.C. 449. Aristotle says that he was the first to give up personal satire in comedy; he likewise made the innovation of introducing a drunken character on the stage. We have the titles of fifteen plays and scanty fragments. Consult Kock, Comicorum Atticorum Fragmenta (Leipzig, 1880).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Cratinus

Edition of 1905. See also Cratinus on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
CRATI′NUS (Lat., from Gk. Κρατῖνος, Kratinos) ( ? –c.421 B.C.). An Athenian comic poet. He was born in the latter part of the sixth century B.C., and was one of the seven poets of the Old Comedy named in the canon of the Alexandrians. He first presented a comedy in 453; in all he left twenty-one plays with which he had won nine victories. He is said to have been the first to give comedy a political turn, and by the introduction of a third actor to place it on a level with tragedy. A follower of Cimon and the Conservative Party, he sharply attacked Pericles in two plays; and in his Ἀρχίλοχοι, Archilochoi, he represented a contest of poets which may well have been Aristophanes's model in his Frogs. Aristophanes defeated Cratinus in 425 with his Acharnians, and in 424 with the Knights. In the parabasis of the latter play he refers to his elder rival as 'an ancient ruin,' whereupon Cratinus retorted in 423 with his
Wineflask, which won the first prize over Aristophanes's Clouds. The fragments of his work are collected by Kock, Comicorum Alticorum Fragmenta, vol. i. (Leipzig, 1880).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Cowage

Edition of 1905. See also Mucuna pruriens on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​COWAGE, COWHAGE, or COWITCH (from Hind. Kawānch, Koānch) . Short, slender, brittle hairs, which grow on the outside of the pods of plants of the genus Mucuna, natives of the tropical parts of America and Asia. The genus belongs to the natural order Leguminosæ and has a knotted, two-valved pod, divided by transverse partitions. The species are twining plants, shrubby or herbaceous, with leaves of three leaflets. That which yields most of the cowage brought to market is Mucuna pruriens, a native of the East Indies, with racemes of fine purple flowers, which have a disagreeable alliaceous smell, and pods about 4 inches long. Mucuna urens, the ox-eye bean of the West Indies, yields cowage of similar quality. The hairs readily stick in the skin, and cause intolerable itching. Cowage is sometimes used in medicine, acting mechanically in killing and expelling worms, particularly the species of Ascaris (q.v.). That it does not act on the inner surface of the intestinal canal is supposed to be owing to the mucous secretion. It is generally administered in syrup or honey. Before the pods of cowage-plants are ripe, they are used as a vegetable, like kidney beans, and are very palatable. Mucuna utilis, velvet bean, is by some considered specifically the same as Mucuna pruriens, but velvet-bean pods are without the stinging hair of the other. The velvet bean has lately attracted much attention as a forage crop. It is well adapted to Florida and the Gulf States, having about the same value as the better varieties of cow-peas. As a green manure and mulch crop for orchards it is highly considered.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Rhizopoda

Edition of 1905. See also Amoeba on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​RHIZOP′ODA (Neo-Lat. nom. pl., from Gk. ῥίζα, rhiza, root + ποῦς, pous, foot). The first and lowest class of Protozoa (q.v.); a large assemblage of varying forms agreeing in the possession of projections of the body-protoplasm called ‘pseudopodia.’ These pseudopodia are used as organs of locomotion and also for obtaining food. They may be of very irregular and constantly changing shape or comparatively rigid, independent of each other, or forming a very complex network. The protoplasm or ‘sarcode’ of a rhizopod consists of an outer layer called ‘ectosarc,’ which is thin, transparent, and homogeneous, and an inner portion called ‘endosarc,’ which is granular and more opaque. Most of the numerous species are spherical with radiating pseudopodia, but the lowest forms have no constant shape. Most rhizopods are provided with some sort of shell, but the lowest forms have no such covering. The simplest shells are those made up of particles of dirt or foreign material of some sort, united together by some secretion of the ectosarc; in other cases the shell is formed of a horny material called ‘acanthin’ or of carbonate of lime or silica, often in a very remarkable and elaborate pattern. Generally rhizopods are freely moving animals, but some are attached in adult life by stalks. The individuals are usually distinct, but colonial rhizopods are known, and such colonies are sometimes half an inch across.
* 1. A radiolarian, showing the interior; 2, cross-section
* of the same through the processes.
The only internal organs of the Rhizopoda are the ‘vacuoles,’ those which contain more or less digested food and those which contain the waste matter or excreta of the body. The latter are the larger and more conspicuous, and, owing to the sudden collapse when the excreta are thrown out of the body, are known as ‘contractile’ vacuoles. Reproduction takes place by simple budding or fission, the two processes differing only in the relative size of the resulting individuals. The formation of spores, however, occurs in many cases, especially after a resting period. Such resting periods occur during unfavorable conditions such as prolonged cold or drought, or when an unusual amount of food has been taken. In most cases during such a resting period the rhizopod surrounds itself with a firm, impervious coat, called a ‘cyst.’ When the unfavorable conditions cease the sarcode divides up into several minute spores, each of which on the dissolution of the cyst becomes a new individual. The growth of these individuals is rapid when food is abundant. For further information, see Bütschli's Protozoa in Bronn's Klassen und Ordnungen des Thierreichs (Leipzig, 1887); concerning fresh-water forms, see Leidy, Fresh Water Rhizopods of North America (Washington, 1879).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Reuter, Christian

Edition of 1905. See also Christian Reuter on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
REUTER, roi'tẽr, Christian (1665-1712). A German author, born at Kütten, near Halle. He was a witty and gifted writer, and was especially effective in character delineation. In his L'honnête femme; oder die ehrliche Frau zu Pfissine (1695) he skillfully uses Molière's fable in Les précieuses ridicules. His chief work is the novel Schelmuffskys Reisebeschreibung (1696), which was reëdited by Schullerus in 1885, and his other writings include Der ehrlichen Frau Schlampampe Krankheit und Tod (1696) and Letztes Denk- und Ehrenmahl der Frau Schlampampe (1697), which were republished in 1890.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Reuter, Fritz

Edition of 1905. See also Fritz Reuter on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
REUTER, Fritz (1810-74). A German humorist, who wrote in Low German (Plattdeutsch). He was born at Stavenhagen, in Mecklenburg-Schwerin, and was educated there and at Rostock and Jena, where he was arrested for political agitation (1833), and condemned to death, a sentence commuted to thirty years' imprisonment. He was confined in various fortresses till 1840, when he resumed legal studies at Heidelberg, afterwards managing his father's estate till 1850, when he became a private tutor at Treptow in Pomerania. Here he first began to write Low German sketches in prose and verse, the first volumes of which, Läuschen un Rimels (1853), showed such charming blending of humor and pathos in anecdotes and genre pictures as to achieve an immediate success, which was confirmed by the reception of Polterabendgedichte (1855) and De Reis' nah Belligen (1855), In 1856 Reuter moved to Neubrandenburg and gave
himself wholly to writing. The best of his many volumes are Schurr-Murr (1861) and Olle Kamellen (1860-66). This latter contains the partly autobiographical Ut mine Festungstid and Ut mine Stromtid (his greatest work), and the vigorous picture of Germany in 1813, Ut de Franzosentid, with other work of less value. In 1863 Reuter moved to Eisenach, where he died, July 12, 1874. Reuter is one of the most realistic of the greater German writers. It is the realism of the Dutch genre painters, minute, good-humored, bourgeois, as artistic in pathetic as in comic scenes. Reuter's works are in 13 volumes (Weimar, 1863-68), with two volumes of Remains and Biography (ib., 1875), and a comedy, Die Drei Langhänse (1878). Consult: Glagau, Fritz Reuter und seine Dichtungen (2d ed., Berlin, 1875); Ebert, Fritz Reuter, sein Leben und seine Werke (Güstrow, 1874); Romer, Fritz Reuter in seinem Leben und Schaffen (Berlin, 1895).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Reuter, Hermann Ferdinand

Edition of 1905. See also the disclaimer.
REUTER, Hermann Ferdinand (1817-89). A German theologian, born at Hildesheim. He studied in Berlin and Göttingen; in 1843 became, lecturer in the University of Berlin; from 1853 to 1876 was successively professor at Breslau, Greifswald, and again at Breslau; and in 1876 was called to Göttingen. His writings in Church history show thorough and scholarly research, and his criticisms are well grounded and clearly expressed. His publications include Geschichte Alexanders III. und der Kirche seiner Zeit (1845-64) and Geschichte der religiösen Aufklärung im Mittelalter (1875-77). He founded the Zeitschrift für Kirchengeschichte, in which he published his Augustinische Studien (1876).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Reutlingen

Edition of 1905. See also Reutlingen on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
REUTLINGEN, roit'līng-en. A town in the Kingdom of Württemberg, Germany, on the Echatz, at the foot of the Swabian Alps, 20 miles south of Stuttgart (Map: Germany, C 4). The thirteenth-century Gothic church, partly rebuilt in 1844, is now undergoing a thorough restoration. There are a gymnasium, a weaving school, a school of women's work, and a pomological institute. The town is an important centre of the yarn, woolen, cotton, and cloth industry. In 1240 Reutlingen became a free Imperial city. Subsequently it was a member of the Swabian League, and was annexed to Württemberg in 1803. Population, in 1890, 18,542; in 1900, 21,481.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Rhizoids

Edition of 1905. See also Rhizoid on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​RHIZOIDS (from Gk. ῥίζωδής, rhizōdēs, root-like). Colorless, hair-like structures developed by liverworts, certain algæ, mosses, and fungi (toadstools and molds). Their function is to anchor the plant in favorable situations and in some cases perhaps to absorb water. The ferns have rhizoids only in connection with the very small prostrate sexual plant (gametophyte, q.v.).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Reuss, Rodolphe

Edition of 1905. See also Rodolphe Reuss on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
REUSS, Rodolphe (1841—). An Alsatian historian, born in Strassburg and educated there, at Jena, at Berlin, and at Göttingen. He became professor at the gynmasium of Strassburg in 1865, and after the Franco-Prussian War resumed this position, retiring from the Protestant seminary. From 1872 to 1896 Reuss was librarian of the Strassburg library. In 1896 he was appointed professor at the Ecole des Hautes Etudes in Paris. His historical writings in both French and German deal with Alsace; among them are: Beiträge zur Geschichte des dreissigjährigen Krieges im Elsass (1868); Vieux noms et rues nouvelles de Strasbourg (1883); and the important Alsace au XVIIIème siècle (1897 et seq.).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Reuter, Paul Julius, Baron

Edition of 1905. See also Paul Reuter on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
REUTER, Paul Julius, Baron (1821-99). A pioneer in the business of news-gathering, born at Cassel, Germany. He was connected with the electric telegraph system from its earliest establishment in Europe, and was the first to organize a central bureau for the systematic collection and dissemination of telegraphic news. This office was opened at Aix-la-Chapelle in 1849. In 1851 he transferred his office to London. Reuter established agencies in all parts of the world to supply him with news; and, by using all available means of communication, and serving all papers impartially, he built up a noteworthy news service. In 1865 he transferred his business to a limited liability company, of which he was manager until 1878. In the same year he obtained from the Hanoverian Government a concession for the construction of a cable line between England and Germany. The title of baron was conferred upon him by the Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha in 1872.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Rhizocephala

Edition of 1905. See also Rhizocephala on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​RHIZ′OCEPH′ALA (Neo-Lat. nom. pl., Gk. ῥίζοκέφαλος, rhizokephalos, having the flower growing immediately from the root, from ῥίζα, rhiza, root + κεφαλή, kephalē, head). An order of most degraded cirripeds, the root-barnacles, especially of the genera Sacculina and Peltogaster. The few forms known are parasitic on the abdomens of various crabs.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Rhizodontidæ

Edition of 1905. See also Rhizodontida on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​RHIZ′ODON′TIDÆ (Neo-Lat. nom. pl., from Gk. ῥίζα, rhiza, root + ὁδούς, odous, tooth). A family of carnivorous Paleozoic fishes of the crossopterygian suborder Rhipidistia, in which the median fins are always more or less subdivided by a process of concentration analogous to that prevalent among dipnoans. The notochord was persistent, and the jaws bore many peculiar teeth. These teeth were highly complicated in the Holoptychidæ, less so in the Rhizodontidæ, with a larger central cavity. A well-known example, found in an unusually good state of preservation, is Eusthenopteron Foordi, herewith figured, which abounds in the Devonian rocks of Quebec, and whose pectoral fin has only one stout basal cartilage—an ‘archipterygium.’ All were small fishes. Consult Woodward, Vertebrate Paleontology (Cambridge, 1898).
EUSTHENOPTERON FOORDI.
# The Luck of the Irish

* information about this edition.
* sister projects: Commons category, Wikidata item.
For three years now these little feet had twinkled past the basement window. The odd part of this singular one-sided romance, William was never tempted to run up to see what the young woman looked like. … Let it be as it was, her world outside there in the sunshine and his in this smelly cellar. But, nevertheless, he often wished he knew a girl such as he imagined this one to be. One thing was certain: anywhere in the world, in any kind of leather, he would recognize those feet. And thereby hangs this tale.
THE LUCK OF THE IRISH
"WHEN I GET 'EM OUTSIDE, BE READY TO SHOVE THE BED AGAINST THE DOOR. IF I FALL, SHOOT TO KILL!"
THE LUCK OF THE IRISH
A ROMANCE
BY
HAROLD MacGRATH
HARPER & BROTHERS PUBLISHERS
NEW YORK AND LONDON
The Luck of the Irish
Copyright. 1917, by Harper & Brothers
Printed in the United States of America
Published September, 1917
THE LUCK OF THE IRISH
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
The longest-living author of this work died in 1932, so this work is in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 91 years or less. This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The Luck of Edenhall

Google books scan of Ballads and Other Poems, 3rd edition (Cambridge: John Owen, 1842), pp. 48-52.
THE LUCK OF EDENHALL
FROM THE GERMAN OF UHLAND
[The tradition, upon which this ballad is founded, and the "shards of the Luck of Edenhall," still exist in England. The goblet is in the possession of Sir Christopher Musgrave, Bart., of Eden Hall, Cumberland; and is not so entirely shattered as the ballad leaves it.]
Of Edenhall, the youthful Lord Bids sound the festal trumpet's call; He rises at the banquet board, And cries, 'mid the drunken revellers all, "Now bring me the Luck of Edenhall!"
The butler hears the words with pain, The house's oldest seneschal, Takes slow from its silken cloth again The drinking glass of crystal tall; They call it The Luck of Edenhall.
Then said the Lord, "This glass to praise, Fill with red wine from Portugal!" The gray-beard with trembling hand obeys; A purple light shines over all, It beams from the Luck of Edenhall.
Then speaks the Lord, and waves it light, "This glass of flashing crystal tall Gave to my sires the Fountain-Sprite; She wrote in it, If this glass doth fall, Farewell then, O Luck of Edenhall!
"'Twas right a goblet the Fate should be Of the joyous race of Edenhall! Deep draughts drink we right willingly; And willingly ring, with merry call, Kling! klang! to the Luck of Edenhall!"
First rings it deep, and full, and mild, Like to the song of a nightingale; Then like the roar of a torrent wild; Then mutters at last like the thunder's fall, The glorious Luck of Edenhall.
"For its keeper takes a race of might, The fragile goblet of crystal tall; It has lasted longer than is right; King! klang!—with a harder blow than all Will I try the Luck of Edenhall!"
As the goblet ringing flies apart, Suddenly cracks the vaulted hall; And through the rift, the wild flames start; The guests in dust are scattered all, With the breaking Luck of Edenhall!
In storms the foe, with fire and sword; He in the night had scaled the wall, Slain by the sword lies the youthful Lord, But holds in his hand the crystal tall, The shattered Luck of Edenhall.
On the morrow the butler gropes alone, The gray-beard in the desert hall, He seeks his Lord's burnt skeleton, He seeks in the dismal ruin's fall The shards of the Luck of Edenhall.
"The stone wall," saith he, "doth fall aside, Down must the stately columns fall; Glass is this earth's Luck and Pride; In atoms shall fall this earthly ball One day like the Luck of Edenhall!"
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The Luck of Roaring Camp

"The Luck of Roaring Camp" is a short story by Bret Harte, first published in The Overland Monthly in August 1868.
* The Luck of Roaring Camp (1868), published in The Overland Monthly. [August 1868]
* The Luck of Roaring Camp (1870), published in The Luck of Roaring Camp, and Other Sketches, pages 1–18.
* The Luck of Roaring Camp (1917), published in the Harvard Classics Shelf of Fiction, Vol. 10, pages 387–397. [with notes and criticism, pp. 383–386]
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman/Volume 1/Chapter 8

CHAPTER VIII.
—De gustibus non est disputandum;—that is, there is no disputing against Hobby-Horses; and, for my part, I seldom do; nor could I with any sort of grace, had I been an enemy to them at the bottom; for happening, at certain intervals and changes of the moon, to be both fiddler and painter, according as the fly stings:—Be it known to you, that I ​keep a couple of pads myself, upon which, in their turns, (nor do I care who knows it) I frequently ride out and take the air;—tho' sometimes, to my shame be it spoken, I take somewhat longer journies than what a wise man would think altogether right.—But the truth is,—I am not a wise man;—and besides am a mortal of so little consequence in the world, it is not much matter what I do; so I seldom fret or fume at all about it: Nor does it much disturb my rest when I see such great Lords and tall Personages as hereafter follow;—such, for instance, as my Lord A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, and so on, all of a row, mounted upon their several horses;— some with large stirrups, getting on in a more grave and sober pace;— others on the contrary, tuck'd up to their very chins, with whips across ​their mouths, scouring and scampering it away like so many little party-colour'd devils astride a mortgage,—and as if some of them were resolved to break their necks.—So much the better—say I to myself;—for in case the worst should happen, the world will make a shift to do excellently well without them;—and for the rest,—why,—God speed them,—e'en let them ride on without opposition from me; for were their lordships unhorsed this very night,—'tis ten to one but that many of them would be worse mounted by one half before tomorrow morning.
Not one of these instances therefore can be said to break in upon my rest.—But there is an instance, which I own puts me off my guard, and that is, when I see one born for great actions, and, what is ​still more for his honour, whose nature ever inclines him to good ones;—when I behold such a one, my Lord, like yourself, whose principles and conduct are as generous and noble as his blood, and whom, for that reason, a corrupt world cannot spare one moment;—when I see such a one, my Lord, mounted, though it is but for a minute beyond the time which my love to my country has prescribed to him, and my zeal for his glory wishes,—then, my Lord, I cease to be a philosopher, and in the first transport of an honest impatience, I wish the Hobby-Horse, with all his fraternity, at the Devil.
My Lord, "I Maintain this to be a dedication, notwithstanding its singularity in the three great essentials of matter, ​form and place: I beg, therefore, you will accept it as such, and that you will permit me to lay it, with the most respectful humility, at your Lordship's feet,—when you are upon them,—which you can be when you please;—and that is, my Lord, when ever there is occasion for it, and I will add, to the best purposes too. I have the honour to be,
My Lord,
Your Lordship's most obedient,
and most devoted,
and most humble servant,
Tristram Shandy.
Layout 2
# The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman/Volume 2/Chapter 13

CHAPTER XIII.
My brother, does it, quoth my uncle Toby, out of principle.—In a family-way, I suppose, quoth Dr. Slop.—Pshaw!—said my father,—'tis not worth talking of.