OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hayward, Thomas

​HAYWARD, THOMAS (d. 1779?), editor of the ‘British Muse,’ was an attorney-at-law of Hungerford, Berkshire. In 1738 he published, in three 12mo volumes, ‘The British Muse, or a Collection of Thoughts, Moral, Natural, and Sublime, of our English Poets who flourished in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries.’ His friend Oldys was much interested in the work, and wrote the preface and the dedication to Lady Mary Wortley Montagu. Oldys complained, however, that the publisher employed Dr. John Campbell to cut out one-third of his preface before sending it to press. Hayward's anthology, described by Warton as the best he knew, consists of extracts of varying lengths, arranged alphabetically according to their subject. To each extract the author's name is appended, and a list of ‘the author's poems and plays cited’ is prefixed to vol. ii. A few of the works quoted by Hayward are now lost, and only survive in his quotations. A new edition, entitled ‘The Quintessence of English Poetry,’ appeared in 1740, 3 vols. Hayward also compiled, in thirty-four manuscript quarto volumes, with seven volumes of index, a collection of epitaphs from printed books and his own notes. Thirty-two of these volumes (vols. xxviii. and xxix. are missing) and six volumes of the index (vol. i. is missing) were presented to the British Museum in 1842, and are numbered Addit. MSS. 13916–53. Hayward was elected F.S.A. 24 June 1756, but disappears from the list of fellows, probably through death, in 1779.
Two contemporaries belonging to the Gloucestershire family of Hayward bore the same christian name. Thomas Hayward (1702–1781), a barrister of Lincoln's Inn, was M.P. for Ludgershall, Wiltshire, 1741–7 and 1754–61; and died at Quedgeley, Gloucestershire, 14 March 1781 (Foster, Alumni Oxon.; Gent. Mag. 1781, p. 148). Sir Thomas Hayward (1743–1799), clerk of the cheque to the corps of gentlemen pensioners, was knighted on retiring from that office in May 1799; succeeded to the estate of Carswell, Berkshire, on the death of his maternal uncle, Henry Southby, in 1797, and died there 7 Oct. 1799 (Gent. Mag. 1799, ii. 908).
[Oldys's Diary, ed. Yeowell; Phillipps's Theatrum Poeticum, ed. Brydges, 1800; Cat. of Fellows of Soc. of Antiquaries; Cat. of Addit. MSS. in Brit. Mus.; Warton's Hist. of English Poetry.]
S. L. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Haythorne, Edmund

​HAYTHORNE, Sir EDMUND (1818–1888), general, son of John Haythorne of Hill House, Gloucester, was born in 1818. He was educated at the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, and in 1837 received an ensigncy in the 98th foot, in which he got his company in 1844. Under the command of Colin Campbell, afterwards lord Clyde [q. v.], Haythorne went with the 98th to China in 1841, and was present with it in the expedition to the northward in 1842, including the operations on the Yang-tse-kiang, the attack and capture of Ching-keang-foo, and the operations before Nanking. He was Colin Campbell's brigade-major at Chusan from July 1843 until the island was given up to the Chinese authorities, and afterwards his aide-de-camp in the second Sikh war, when he commanded the third division of Gough's army, at the passage of the Chenab, the battles of Sadoolapore, Chillianwalla, and Goojerat, and the pursuit of the Afghan contingent to the mouth of the Khyber Pass (medal and clasps). As a brevet-major he commanded the flank companies of the 98th at the forcing of the Kohat Pass, under Sir Charles Napier, in 1850, during which service he commanded a detached column which destroyed two villages ​and forts. In 1851 he was again aide-de-camp to Colin Campbell in the operations against the Momund tribe, on the north-west frontier (medal). He became major 98th foot in 1853, and lieutenant-colonel in 1854. In June 1855 he exchanged to the 1st royals, went out to the Crimea with drafts, and assumed command of the first battalion of the regiment, with which he was present at the siege and fall of Sebastopol (medal and clasp). Afterwards he was brigade-major of the highland brigade under Colin Campbell at Balaclava. On the evacuation of the Crimea Haythorne returned home, and subsequently proceeded to Hongkong, in command of the second battalion of his regiment. In 1859 he was nominated chief of the staff of the army forming there for service in the north of China, and had the sole responsibility of the organisation of the force until the arrival of Sir James Hope Grant [q. v.] in March 1860. Haythorne's services were several times mentioned in despatches, and were especially recognised by Lord Herbert, the secretary of state for war, when proposing a vote of thanks to the China troops (Parl. Debates, 3rd ser. clxi. 366–75). Haythorne was adjutant-general in Bengal from 1860 to 1865, when he went on half-pay. His old chief Clyde spoke with affection of him on his deathbed: ‘Remember me to Sutherland—and to Haythorne. Good Haythorne, brave Haythorne, as modest as he is brave’ (Shadwell, ii. 470).
Haythorne became a major-general in 1868, and K.C.B. in 1873. In 1879 he was made a full general, and was appointed colonel 1st battalion Hampshire regiment (late 67th foot). He married, in 1862, Eliza, fourth daughter of the late J. Thomas of Bletsoe Castle, Bedfordshire. He died at Silchester House, Reading, on 18 Oct. 1888.
[Dod's Knightage; Army Lists and London Gazettes, under dates; L. Shadwell's Life of Lord Clyde, London, 1881.]
H. M. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Haywood, William

​HAYWOOD, WILLIAM (1600?–1663), royalist divine, born about 1600 in Ballance Street, Bristol, was the son of a cooper. He matriculated at Oxford as a scholar of St. John's College on 15 Nov. 1616, and proceeded B.A. on 11 May 1620, and M.A. on 16 April 1624, commencing B.D. on 12 May 1630 (Wood, Fasti Oxon. ed. Bliss, i. 392, 415, 456). He became a fellow of his college; was created D.D. in 1636 (ib. i. 495), and attracted the favour of Laud. He became one of Laud's domestic chaplains, and chaplain in ordinary to Charles I. ‘I preferred him not to his majesty,’ Laud wrote, ‘till he had preached divers times ge,in court with great approbation’ (Laud, Works, iv. 295). Haywood was afterwards prebendary of St. Paul's on 21 Nov. 1631 (Le Neve, Fasti, ed. Hardy, ii. 376); rector of Laindon, Essex, on 8 Dec. ​in the same year (Newcourt, Repertorium, ii. 357); rector of St. Giles-in-the-Fields, Middlesex, about 1636 (ib. i. 613; cf. Strafford Letters, ii. 157); and was installed prebendary of Westminster on 28 Sept. 1638 (Le Neve, iii. 358). Upon the petition of his parishioners, who exhibited a long series of articles against him, he was ejected from his vicarage in 1641, and was imprisoned. Haywood, as Laud's chaplain, had licensed for the press several books suspected of a Roman catholic tendency, and resigned the chaplaincy in consequence. Laud was charged at his trial with responsibility for all Haywood's actions. At Laud's request he was brought from prison in 1643 to give evidence on the archbishop's behalf. Laud desired that Haywood should attend him at his execution, but parliament refused permission. Reduced to poverty on being released from prison, he kept for some time a private school in Wiltshire, in the name of his son, but recovered all his preferments after the Restoration. Haywood was buried in Westminster Abbey on 17 July 1663. By his wife Alice (d. 1675) he left an only son, John, who died in 1664 (Chester, Westminster Abbey Registers, pp. 158, 160, 187). He published several sermons.
[Authorities in the text; Wood's Athenæ Oxon. ed. Bliss, iii. 634–7; Laud's Works, iii. 213, iv. 97, 210, 281 sq.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Short, Thomas (1690?-1772)

​SHORT, THOMAS (1690?–1772), physician, was born about 1690 in the south of Scotland, and, after graduating in medicine, settled in practice at Sheffield. In 1713 one William Steel communicated to him the secret of making cerated glass of antimony a cure for dysentery, which he afterwards published. He made several journeys to visit the mineral springs of Yorkshire and of other parts of England. He published in 1725 ‘A Rational Discourse on the Inward Uses of Water,’ and in 1730 ‘A Dissertation upon Tea.’ In 1750 he published ‘New Observations on the Bills of Mortality,’ in which he adds something to the remarks of Graunt and Sir William Petty [q. v.], and treats the whole subject in relation to a book published anonymously by him the year before, ‘A General Chronological History of the Air,’ in two volumes, dedicated to Dr. Mead. He spent eighteen years on these works. In 1750 he also issued ‘Discourses on Tea, Sugar, Milk, made Wines, Spirits, Punch, Tobacco,’ &c., and in 1751 ‘Medicina Britannica,’ an interesting and lucid herbal for the use of general readers. His ‘Treatise on the different Sorts of cold Mineral Waters in England’ appeared in 1766, and is an original work showing careful ​observation. A further ‘Discourse on Milk’ appeared in 1766, and in 1767 he published ‘A Comparative History of the Increase and Decrease of Mankind,’ in which he advocates early marriages, denounces alcohol ‘as a Stygian poison,’ and collects much historical and medical information. All his books were published in London. He died in 1772.
[Works; Index Cat. Libr. of the Surgeon-general's Office, Washington; Watt's Bibl. Brit. p. 853 (giving titles of minor works).]
N. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Short, Thomas Vowler

​SHORT, THOMAS VOWLER (1790–1872), successively bishop of Sodor and Man and of St. Asaph, was the eldest son of William Short, archdeacon of Cornwall, by Elizabeth Hodgkinson. He was born on 16 Sept. 1790 at Dawlish, Devonshire, where his father was then curate. After spending a year at Exeter grammar school Short was sent to Westminster school in 1803, whence he passed with a studentship to Christ Church, Oxford, in 1809. He took a first-class in classics and in mathematics in 1812, and in the following year was ordained deacon by the bishop of Oxford. He graduated B.A. 1813, M.A. 1815, B.D. 1824, D.D. 1837. In 1814 Short became perpetual curate of Drayton, Oxfordshire, but he speedily resigned this cure in order to discharge more fully the duties of a college tutorship. Circumstances, however, led him to become in 1816 the incumbent of Cowley, Oxfordshire; in 1823 of Stockleigh Pomeroy, Devonshire; and in 1826 of Kingsworthy, Hampshire. In 1821 he was Whitehall preacher. At Christ Church he became successively tutor and censor (1816-29), librarian (1823), catechist and Busby lecturer (1825), and in 1823 he served as proctor. He worked hard to improve the examination system at Oxford, but the changes he sought were not effected until after he had ceased to reside. Though Short left Christ Church before the Oxford movement really began, he was intimate with most of its leaders. Pusey, a favourite pupil, always acknowledged his influence, and 'Short held a first place in his affection and respect to the last hour of his life' (Liddon, Life of Pusey, i. 24). Short examined Newman for his degree, and Keble he numbered among his close friends. It was in 1829 that Short went to reside at Kingsworthy, but in 1831 he accepted an offer from Lord-chancellor Brougham of the rectory of St. George's, Bloomsbury. Short made an industrious and useful town incumbent. He was in 1837 appointed deputy-clerk of the closet to the queen, and four years later bishop of Sodor and Man. During an episcopate of fire years Short mainly resided in the diocese, visiting the parishes, promoting the better education of candidates for holy orders, and generally raising the tone of his diocese. In 1846 he was translated, on Lord John Russell's recommendation, to the see of St. Asaph. Here he for many years spent on the needs of the diocese one half of his episcopal income. Short resigned the see in 1870, and died on 13 April 1872. He married, in 1833, Mary (Davies), widow of John Conybeare. In addition to many tracts and single sermons. Short published 'Twenty Sermons on the Fundamental Truths of Christianity,' Oxford, 1829; 'Sketch of the History of the Church of England,' Oxford, 1832; 'Sadoc and Miriam' (anon.), London, 1832; and 'Letters to an Aged Mother' (anon.), London, 1811.
[Memoir prefixed to 9th edition of his Hist. of the Church of England; Foster's Alumni Oxon. 1715-1886.]
A. R. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Shorton, Robert

​SHORTON, ROBERT (d. 1535), archdeacon of Bath, was one of the earliest scholars of Jesus College, Cambridge. He graduated M.A. in 1503, and was elected fellow of Pembroke Hall on 24 Nov. 1505. In 1507 he was chosen to preach before the university, and in 1509 graduated B.D., and was selected to read the divinity lecture instituted by Lord-chief-justice William Hussey [q. v.] On 9 April 1511 he was appointed the first master of St. John's College, newly founded by Margaret, the mother of Henry VII. The mastership was worth only 20l. a year. Shorton proved invaluable to the new college. During the whole of his term of office the erection of the buildings was proceeding, and, being an excellent man of business as well as a scholar, he superintended the progress of the work. He resigned his office before 1517. He was already dean of the chapel to Wolsey, who befriended him. Through Wolsey's influence he received an ample share of ecclesiastical preferment. On 1 Nov. 1517 he obtained the prebend of Donnington in the diocese of York, which on 7 May 1523 he exchanged for that of Fridaythorpe in the same see. In October 1518 he was chosen master of Pembroke Hall, and in the same year was appointed rector of Sedgefield in Durham. On 7 May 1522 he was appointed rector of Stackpole in Pembrokeshire, and on 14 April 1523 he received the prebend of Louth in the church of Lincoln. About this time he proved of great service to Wolsey in selecting scholars at Cambridge to be invited to join Wolsey's new college at Oxford. He received the honorary degree of D.D. from Oxford in 1525. On 8 April 1527 he was installed canon of Windsor. He was also Queen Catherine's almoner, and, as a staunch catholic, adhered to Queen Catherine when the divorce question arose. He was one of the few clergymen who supported the queen's cause in convocation. In 1529 Catherine appointed him master of the college of Stoke-by-Clare in Sussex. In 1534 he resigned the mastership of Pembroke Hall, perhaps influenced in part by the growth of protestant tendencies. He became archdeacon of Bath in 1535, and, dying on 17 Oct. of the same year, was buried at Stoke-by-Clare. By his will he left a hundred marks to St. John's College, twenty to St. Catharine's Hall, twenty to Peterhouse, and to Pembroke Hall a sum of money with which was bought Beaulieu's farm at Whittlesford in Cambridgeshire. He had previously endowed these colleges with other gifts of land. His portrait hangs in the combination-room at Peterhouse, Cambridge.
of Henry VIII, iii. 460, 973, ir. 696, 885, 1385, 2033, viii. 366; Hawes's Framlingham, ed. Loder, p. 224; Master's Hist. C.C.C.C. App. p. 29; Baker's Preface to Fisher's Sermon at the Funeral of Margaret, mother of Henry VII, p. 35; Education Report, p. 486; Fiddes's Wolsey p. 374, Collections pp. 203, 213, 215; Le Neve's Fasti; Baker MSS. xx. 266; Univ. and Coll. Doc. i. 112, 136, 143, 176.]
E. I. C.
[[Category:DNB ne
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Shortland, Edward

1904 Errata appended.
​SHORTLAND, EDWARD (1812–1893), writer on New Zealand, born at Courtlands, Devonshire, in 1812, was third son of Thomas George Shortland [q. v.] of Courtlands, near Lympston, Devonshire, and brother of Willoughby Shortland [q. v.], and of Peter Frederick Shortland [q. v.] He was educated at Exeter grammar school and at Pembroke College, Cambridge, where he graduated B.A. in 1835 and M.A. in 1839. He then studied medicine, and was admitted an extra-licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians in 1839. In 1841 he went out, apparently at his brother's suggestion, to ​New Zealand, where on 28 June 1841 he was appointed private secretary to Governor Hobson. On 3 Aug. 1842 he was appointed protector of aborigines. On 10 Aug. 1843 he landed at Hakaroa on Banks' Peninsula, to act as interpreter to Colonel Godfrey's court of inquiry into the land claims of the French company which was then endeavouring to establish itself at that point. After the court was closed he took a census of the natives of the peninsula. He reported on various land claims on 18 March 1844. This is merely a sample of the quiet work which he did among the natives for many years. About 1851 he returned for a time to England, and resided chiefly at Plymouth, where in 1853 he dated the preface to his first book. He was again in England in 1860, when he became M.R.C.P. He practised medicine for many years in New Zealand, and subsequently resided for some time at Parnell. In October 1889 he finally returned to England, and died at Plymouth on 5 July 1893.
His name is chiefly identified with the relations between the English and the Maoris in the earlier days of settlement. He was a profound Maori scholar. His chief works are:
* ‘The Southern Districts of New Zealand,’ London, 1851.
* ‘Traditions and Superstitions of the New Zealanders,’ London 1854.
* ‘Maori Religion and Mythology,’ London, 1882.
Apparently he also published in New Zealand, ‘How to learn Maori.’
[Auckland Weekly News, 19 Aug. 1893; his own works; official records.]
C. A. H.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.250 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 155 | ii | 12 f.e. | Shortland, Edward: after Courtlands insert near Lympston |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Shortland, Thomas George

​SHORTLAND, THOMAS GEORGE (1771–1827), captain in the navy, younger brother of Captain John Shortland [q. v.], was born at Portsea on 10 May 1771. In January 1785 he entered the navy on board the Irresistible, then flying the broad pennant of Sir Andrew Snape Hamond in the Channel. In March 1787 he was moved to the Alexander, one of the little squadron going out to New South Wales with Commodore Arthur Phillip [q. v.], and served in her till her return to England in May 1789. He was then employed in the Channel and North Sea, and on 19 Nov. 1790 was promoted to be lieutenant of the Speedy sloop. In January 1793 he was appointed to the Nemesis frigate, which accompanied the fleet under Lord Hood to the Mediterranean. In September 1794 he was moved into the Romney, with Sir Charles Hamilton [q. v.], whom, in April 1795, he followed to the Melpomene. On the night of 3–4 Aug. 1798 he commanded the boats of the frigate in cutting out the Aventurier armed brig from under the batteries in the bay of Corréjou, on the north coast of Brittany—a gallant exploit, for which he was promoted to the rank of commander on 20 April 1799, and appointed to the Voltigeur sloop on the Newfoundland station. In the summer of 1801 he was appointed temporarily to the 80-gun ship Donegal, then in dock at Plymouth, and, as a reward for his extraordinary exertions in fitting her for sea, was made acting captain of the Dédaigneuse frigate, in which rank and command he was confirmed on 1 March 1802. He then took the ship out to the East Indies, but was compelled by ill-health to return to England in the spring of 1803. He was afterwards for a short time captain of the Britannia, and of the Cæsar, bearing the flag of Sir Richard John Strachan [q. v.] In the summer of 1806 he joined the Canopus, as flag-captain to Sir Thomas Louis [q. v.], and commanded that ship when she led the squadron of Sir John Thomas Duckworth [q. v.] through the Dardanelles in February and March 1807. After the death of Louis, Shortland continued for some months in command of the Canopus, but in September 1807 was moved into the Queen, still in the Mediterranean, and remained in her till the end of 1808. In 1809 he commanded the Valiant in the expedition to the Scheldt; in 1810–11 the Iris frigate, off Cadiz and in the West Indies; and in 1812–13 the Royal Oak as flag-captain to Lord Amelius Beauclerk [q. v.] In November 1813 he was appointed agent for prisoners-of-war at Dartmoor; from April 1816 to April 1819 he was captain-superintendent of the ordinary at Plymouth; and for the next three years was comptroller-general of the preventive boat service. On 14 July 1825 he was appointed resident commissioner at Jamaica, where he died towards the end of 1827. He married Elizabeth, daughter of Peter Tonkin of Plymouth, and by her had a large family. Three of his sons, Edward, Peter Frederick, and Willoughby, are separately noticed.
[Marshall's Roy. Nav. Biogr. iii. (vol. ii.) 482; Navy Lists; Service Book in the Public Record Office.]
J. K. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Shortland, Peter Frederick

​SHORTLAND, PETER FREDERICK (1815–1888), vice-admiral, born in 1815, son of Captain Thomas George Shortland [q. v.], entered the Royal Naval College at Portsmouth in January 1827, and, having passed through the course with distinction, served afloat till 1834, when, on 4 Dec., he passed his examination. In 1836–8 he was a mate of the Rattlesnake in Australian waters, and, on the settlement of Melbourne, made a survey of Port Phillip, which was approved by the governor of the colony. On returning to England in 1838 he obtained leave of absence, matriculated at Cambridge as a member of Pembroke College, and in 1842 graduated as seventh wrangler. He then applied to join ​the Excellent with the view of competing for the commission at that time offered as a prize to young officers passing through a course of gunnery and mathematics; but as the advent of a seventh wrangler seemed likely to kill all competition, the admiralty promoted him at once, on 1 April 1842. He was then appointed to the Columbia steamer for surveying duties on the coast of North America. As lieutenant, as commander (20 Jan. 1848), and as captain (1 Jan. 1859), he continued on the same station till 1865, making a complete survey of the coast of Nova Scotia, including the Bay of Fundy, on the completion of which he received the special thanks of the admiralty. He was then appointed to the Hydra for surveying service in the Mediterranean, but in 1867 was sent out to the East Indies to take a line of soundings from Aden to Bombay. The Hydra was paid off in 1868, and Shortland, at the request of the admiralty, wrote ‘A Sounding Voyage of H.M.S. Hydra’ (8vo, 1868), a work highly esteemed both in England and the United States. On attaining the age of fifty-five in 1870, he was placed on the retired list. He then qualified as a barrister and was called to the bar, from Lincoln's Inn, on 27 Jan. 1873. He became a rear-admiral on 21 Sept. 1876, and a vice-admiral on 3 Jan. 1881. He died at Plymouth on 18 Oct. 1888. He married in 1848 Emily, daughter of Captain Thomas Jones, 74th regiment, and left issue. He was the author of ‘A Short Account of the Laws which govern H. M. Navy’ (1886), and of ‘Nautical Surveying’ (8vo, 1890), published by his widow and children, much of the matter of which had already appeared in ‘Naval Science,’ 1873–4–5.
[O'Byrne's Nav. Biogr. Dict.; obituary notice in Times, 19 Oct. 1888, which is reprinted in the beginning of the ‘Nautical Surveying;’ Navy Lists.]
J. K. L.