# An Illustrated Flora of the Northern United States, Canada and the British Possessions/Liliaceae

Family 22.   Liliaceae   Adans.   Fam. Pl. 42.   1763.
Lily Family.
Scapose or leafy-stemmed herbs from bulbs or corms, or rarely with rootstocks or a woody caudex (Yucca), the leaves various. Flowers solitary or clustered, regular, mostly perfect.  Perianth parted into 6 distinct or nearly distinct segments, or these more or less united into a tube, inferior, or partly superior (Aletris).  Stamens 6, hypogynous or borne on the perianth or at the bases of its segments; anthers 2-celled, mostly introrse, sometimes extrorse.  Ovary 3-celled; ovules few or numerous in each cavity, anatropous or amphitropous; styles united; stigma 3-lobed or   Fruit a loculicidal capsule (septicidal in Calochortus), or in Yucca sometimes fleshy and indehiscent.  Embryo in copious endosperm.
About 125 genera and 1300 species, widely distributed.
Plants bulbous, or with rootstocks, or fibrous-fleshy roots. :
| | • | Ovary superior, not adnate to the perianth. | Ovary superior, not adnate to the perianth. | Ovary superior, not adnate to the perianth. | Ovary superior, not adnate to the perianth. | Ovary superior, not adnate to the perianth. | Ovary superior, not adnate to the perianth. | Ovary superior, not adnate to the perianth. | Ovary superior, not adnate to the perianth. | Ovary superior, not adnate to the perianth. |
| | | • | Roots fibrous-fleshy; scape tall; flowers orange or yellow. | Roots fibrous-fleshy; scape tall; flowers orange or yellow. | Roots fibrous-fleshy; scape tall; flowers orange or yellow. | Roots fibrous-fleshy; scape tall; flowers orange or yellow. | Roots fibrous-fleshy; scape tall; flowers orange or yellow. | Roots fibrous-fleshy; scape tall; flowers orange or yellow. | Roots fibrous-fleshy; scape tall; flowers orange or yellow. | Roots fibrous-fleshy; scape tall; flowers orange or yellow. | 1. | Hemerocallis. |
| | | • | Low fleshy herb with a short rootstock; flowers white. | Low fleshy herb with a short rootstock; flowers white. | Low fleshy herb with a short rootstock; flowers white. | Low fleshy herb with a short rootstock; flowers white. | Low fleshy herb with a short rootstock; flowers white. | Low fleshy herb with a short rootstock; flowers white. | Low fleshy herb with a short rootstock; flowers white. | Low fleshy herb with a short rootstock; flowers white. | 2. | Leucocrinum. |
| | | • | Plants with bulbs or corms. | Plants with bulbs or corms. | Plants with bulbs or corms. | Plants with bulbs or corms. | Plants with bulbs or corms. | Plants with bulbs or corms. | Plants with bulbs or corms. | Plants with bulbs or corms. |
| | | | • | Flowers umbelled. | Flowers umbelled. | Flowers umbelled. | Flowers umbelled. | Flowers umbelled. | Flowers umbelled. | Flowers umbelled. |
| | | | | • | Perianth 6-parted. | Perianth 6-parted. | Perianth 6-parted. | Perianth 6-parted. | Perianth 6-parted. | Perianth 6-parted. |
| | | | | | • | Odor characteristically onion-like; ovules 1 or 2 in each cavity. | Odor characteristically onion-like; ovules 1 or 2 in each cavity. | Odor characteristically onion-like; ovules 1 or 2 in each cavity. | Odor characteristically onion-like; ovules 1 or 2 in each cavity. | Odor characteristically onion-like; ovules 1 or 2 in each cavity. | 3. | Allium. |
| | | | | | • | Odor not onion-like; ovules several in each cavity. | Odor not onion-like; ovules several in each cavity. | Odor not onion-like; ovules several in each cavity. | Odor not onion-like; ovules several in each cavity. | Odor not onion-like; ovules several in each cavity. | 4. | Nothoscordum. |
| | | | | • | Perianth funnelform, the tube about as long as the lobes. | Perianth funnelform, the tube about as long as the lobes. | Perianth funnelform, the tube about as long as the lobes. | Perianth funnelform, the tube about as long as the lobes. | Perianth funnelform, the tube about as long as the lobes. | Perianth funnelform, the tube about as long as the lobes. | 5. | Androstephium. |
| | | | • | Flowers solitary, racemed, corymbed or panicled. | Flowers solitary, racemed, corymbed or panicled. | Flowers solitary, racemed, corymbed or panicled. | Flowers solitary, racemed, corymbed or panicled. | Flowers solitary, racemed, corymbed or panicled. | Flowers solitary, racemed, corymbed or panicled. | Flowers solitary, racemed, corymbed or panicled. |
| | | | | • | Anthers not introrse. | Anthers not introrse. | Anthers not introrse. | Anthers not introrse. | Anthers not introrse. | Anthers not introrse. |
| | | | | | • | Perianth-segments all alike or nearly so; capsule loculicidal. | Perianth-segments all alike or nearly so; capsule loculicidal. | Perianth-segments all alike or nearly so; capsule loculicidal. | Perianth-segments all alike or nearly so; capsule loculicidal. | Perianth-segments all alike or nearly so; capsule loculicidal. |
| | | | | | | • | Anthers versatile; tall herbs. | Anthers versatile; tall herbs. | Anthers versatile; tall herbs. | Anthers versatile; tall herbs. | 6. | Lilium. |
| | | | | | | • | Anthers not versatile; low herbs. | Anthers not versatile; low herbs. | Anthers not versatile; low herbs. | Anthers not versatile; low herbs. |
| | | | | | | | • | Stem leafy. | Stem leafy. | Stem leafy. |
| | | | | | | | | • | Flowers nodding; perianth-segments with a nectary at the base. | Flowers nodding; perianth-segments with a nectary at the base. | 7. | Fritillaria. |
| | | | | | | | | • | Flowers erect; perianth-segments without a nectary. | Flowers erect; perianth-segments without a nectary. | 8. | Tulipa. |
| | | | | | | | • | Leaves only 2, appearing basal; flowers bractless. | Leaves only 2, appearing basal; flowers bractless. | Leaves only 2, appearing basal; flowers bractless. | 9. | Erythroniitm. |
| | | | | | • | Outer segments narrower than the inner; capsule septicidal. | Outer segments narrower than the inner; capsule septicidal. | Outer segments narrower than the inner; capsule septicidal. | Outer segments narrower than the inner; capsule septicidal. | Outer segments narrower than the inner; capsule septicidal. | 10. | Calochortus. |
| | | | | • | Anthers introrse. | Anthers introrse. | Anthers introrse. | Anthers introrse. | Anthers introrse. | Anthers introrse. |
| | | | | | • | Perianth of 6 separate segments. | Perianth of 6 separate segments. | Perianth of 6 separate segments. | Perianth of 6 separate segments. | Perianth of 6 separate segments. |
| | | | | | | • | Filaments filiform. | Filaments filiform. | Filaments filiform. | Filaments filiform. | 11. | Quamasia. |
| | | | | | | • | Filaments flattened. | Filaments flattened. | Filaments flattened. | Filaments flattened. | 12. | Ornithogalum. |
| | | | | | • | Perianth globose, oblong or urn-shaped. | Perianth globose, oblong or urn-shaped. | Perianth globose, oblong or urn-shaped. | Perianth globose, oblong or urn-shaped. | Perianth globose, oblong or urn-shaped. | 13. | Muscari. |
| | • | Ovary half inferior; roots fibrous; flowers racemed. | Ovary half inferior; roots fibrous; flowers racemed. | Ovary half inferior; roots fibrous; flowers racemed. | Ovary half inferior; roots fibrous; flowers racemed. | Ovary half inferior; roots fibrous; flowers racemed. | Ovary half inferior; roots fibrous; flowers racemed. | Ovary half inferior; roots fibrous; flowers racemed. | Ovary half inferior; roots fibrous; flowers racemed. | Ovary half inferior; roots fibrous; flowers racemed. | 14. | Aletris. |
| • | Stem a woody caudex; leaves rigid, mostly bearing marginal fibers. | Stem a woody caudex; leaves rigid, mostly bearing marginal fibers. | Stem a woody caudex; leaves rigid, mostly bearing marginal fibers. | Stem a woody caudex; leaves rigid, mostly bearing marginal fibers. | Stem a woody caudex; leaves rigid, mostly bearing marginal fibers. | Stem a woody caudex; leaves rigid, mostly bearing marginal fibers. | Stem a woody caudex; leaves rigid, mostly bearing marginal fibers. | Stem a woody caudex; leaves rigid, mostly bearing marginal fibers. | Stem a woody caudex; leaves rigid, mostly bearing marginal fibers. | Stem a woody caudex; leaves rigid, mostly bearing marginal fibers. | 15. | Yucca. |