OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Adams, Julius Walker

Edition of 1900.
​ADAMS, Julius Walker, civil engineer, b. in Boston, Mass., 18 Oct., 1812. He entered West Point academy in 1830, but was never graduated. After acting as assistant engineer of various railroads, from 1832 to 1844, he was at Cochituate water-works, Boston, in 1846, and in the same year became superintending engineer of the Erie railway. He removed to Kentucky in 1852, was chief engineer of the Central railroad, and in 1855 of the Memphis and Ohio railroad. He had charge of the establishment of a system of sewers in Brooklyn, N. Y., in 1856, and in 1860 was engineer of the water-works at New Haven, Conn. During the civil war he was colonel of the 67th New York volunteers, and was wounded at Fair Oaks. Since then he has been chief engineer of the city works of Brooklyn, projector of the East River suspension bridge, and for six years consulting engineer to the department of public works, New York. He has been president of the American society of civil engineers, and has published “Sewers and Drains,” and various scientific papers. — His son, Julius W., b. in Westfield, Mass., in April, 1840, d. in Brooklyn, N. Y., 15 Nov., 1865, was graduated at West Point in 1861, served there as assistant instructor of infantry tactics till June, 1862, was wounded and taken prisoner at Gaines's Mills, promoted captain in August, 1862, and served at Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, where he commanded a regiment, and the second battle of Cold Harbor, where he received wounds that caused his death.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Adams, Robert H.

Edition of 1900.
​ADAMS, Robert H., senator, b. in Rockbridge co., Va., in 1792; d. in Natchez, Miss., 2 July, 1830. He was graduated at Washington college, Lexington, Ky., was admitted to the bar, and practised in ​Knoxville, Tenn., and afterward in Natchez, where he settled in 1819. He was a member of the legislature in 1828, and was elected a U. S. senator from Mississippi to fill the vacancy that had been caused by the death of Thomas B. Reed, serving from 8 Feb. to 31 May, 1830.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Adams, Samuel (surgeon)

Edition of 1900.
​ADAMS, Samuel, military surgeon, b. in Maine; d. in Galveston, Texas. 9 Sept., 1867. He entered the national army 16 April, 1863, and, after a year spent in the active duties of the permanent hospitals, joined the army of the Potomac and served constantly with it until it was disbanded. During his field service he rose from the rank of regimental surgeon to that of medical inspector of the ninth army corps, receiving also a brevet for " meritorious conduct at the capture of Petersburg." During one of the closing battles of the war, at a time when the brilliant and rapid series of federal successes tended to obscure acts of individual gallantry. Dr. Adams distinguished himself by riding along the advanced line of combatants, and, under the fire of the enemy, dressing the wounds of Gen. Potter, who could not be removed from the spot where he fell, and, but for the action of Surgeon Adams, would have lost his life. At the close of the war Surgeon Adams received an invitation from a wealthy and well-known gentleman to accompany his family on a European tour as his physician; but an application for leave of absence was refused by the war department, on the ground that his services could not be spared. Soon afterward he was ordered to Texas, where yellow fever was epidemic, and his last days were spent among the victims of the disease, of which he died. He was highly esteemed for his Christian character.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Adams, William (educator)

Edition of 1900.
​ADAMS, William, educator, b. in Monaghan, Ireland, 3 July, 1813; d. in Nashotah, Wis., 2 Jan., 1897. He entered Trinity, and became a scholar ​of the house in 1833. He read law and medicine each for a year, and was for a time with his uncle at Ballyhaise as an accountant. In 1888 he entered the General theological seminary in New York, graduating in 1841. He was one of the founders of Nashotah mission, afterward Nashotah theological seminary, in Wisconsin, where he went in September, 1841. During the following winter he contributed to an English publication an article on the church's duties to her emigrants, which attracted much attention. From the foundation of the seminary he was the professor of systematic divinity. Dr. Adams published "Mercy to Babes" (New York, 1847); "Christian Science" (Philadelphia, 1850); and "A New Treatise on Baptismal Regeneration" (New York, 1871), and contributed largely to periodical literature, writing principally on theological topics.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Adams, Nehemiah

Edition of 1900.
​ADAMS, Nehemiah, clergyman, b. in Salem, Mass., 19 Feb., 1806; d. 6 Oct., 1878. He was graduated at Harvard in 1826, and at Andover theological seminary in 1829. His first pastoral charge, beginning immediately after his graduation, was the first church of Cambridge, as the colleague of the Rev. Abiel Holmes, D. D. On 26 March, 1834, he became pastor of the Essex st. church, Boston, a relation which lasted until his death. He took a prominent part in the theological and ecclesiastical controversies of his time, and for many years was an officer of the American tract society, and of the American board of commissioners for foreign missions. His “South Side View of Slavery” (Boston, 1854), and his correspondence with Governor Wise, of Virginia, on kindred topics, the best-known of his works, called out many unfavorable comments from the anti-slavery press. His “Sable Cloud” (Boston, 1863), “a Southern tale with Northern Comments,” provoked similar discussion. He also wrote “The Cross in the Cell,” “Scriptural Argument for Endless Punishment,” “Broadcast,” and “At Eventide.” In 1869, in consequence of his failing health, his people procured an associate pastor and gave Dr. Adams a long leave of absence. He made a voyage round the world and described it in “Under the Mizzenmast” (1871).
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Adams, John (clergyman)

Edition of 1900.
​ADAMS, John, clergyman, b. 1704; d. in Cambridge, Mass., 28 Jan., 1740,, He was graduated at Harvard in 1721, became pastor of a church in Newport, R. I., April 11, 1828, and afterward settled in Philadelphia. He was well known as an author and linguist, and is described as "master of nine languages, and conversant with Greek, Latin, French, and Spanish authors." His poems (Boston, 1745) include a metrical version of the Book of Revelation. A satirical poem on the love of money was published separately.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Adams, Seth

Edition of 1900.
​ADAMS, Seth, inventor, b. in Rochester, N. H., 13 April, 1807 ; d. in Newton, Mass., 7 Dec, 1873. He was apprenticed to a cabinet maker, and after he had attained his majority he removed to Boston, where he worked in a machine shop. In 1831 he established a business for the manufacture of machinery, and two years later he became interested ​in the printing-press invented by his brother Isaac, and subsequently obtained the exclusive right of making it. In 1836 he enlarged his shops in order to produce the famous power presses lately invented by his brother, the interests of the two brothers were united, and the firm of I. & S. Adams was established, which continued until 1856. In 1849 he took charge of the Adams sugar refinery, which for many years was the largest but one of its kind in the United States. He accumulated a very large fortune, a portion of which he left for the establishment of the Adams nervine asylum in West Roxbury, Mass., for hypochondriacs. He also gave a considerable sum of money to Bowdoin college. For some time he was a member of the city council and of the board of public works. A massive monument has been erected to his memory in his native town.
# Babylonian Penitential Psalms/III

(III)
O my god, who art angry with me, turn [thy face?] towards me!
O my goddess, who viewest me with displeasure, receive my prayer!
Receive my prayer! Let thy soul be pacified!
O my lord, forgiving and merciful,
Who guidest the span of life and softenest death, receive my supplication!
O my goddess, look favourably upon me, accept my prayer!
May my sins be absolved, and my misdeeds forgotten!
May the evil spell be broken and the fetters loosened!
May my sighing be carried away by the seven winds!
Let me rend asunder the evil, let the bird take it away to heaven!
May the fish take off my trouble, let the stream bear it away!
May the beasts of the field carry it away from me, and wash it away in flowing water!
Make me bright like a golden cord (?)! ​As the brilliance of a —— stone may I be of value before thee!
Remove the evil, protect my life, so shall I protect thy forecourt, and set up thy image (?).
Let the evil depart from me, so that I may be preserved with thee!
Let me have a propitious dream,
The dream which I dream, may it be propitious, yea, established be the dream which I dream!
The dream which I dream, turn it to good.
May the god Maḫir, the god of dreams, stand at my head!
Let me enter E-sagila, the temple of the gods, the house of life!
To Marduk, the merciful and compassionate, into his merciful hands deliver me!
So shall I do homage to thy greatness and extol thy godhead!
May the dwellers in my city glorify thy might . . . may mankind extol thee!
# Baby Looking Out For Me

TWO little busy hands patting on the window,  Two laughing bright eyes looking out at me; Two rosy red cheeks dented with a dimple;  Mother-bird is coming; Baby, do you see?
Down by the lilac-bush, something white and azure  Saw I in the window as I passed the tree; Well I knew the apron and shoulder-knots of ribbon;  All belonged to Baby, looking out for me.
 Talking low and tenderly  To myself, as mothers will,  Spake I softly, "God in Heaven,  Keep my darling free from ill.  Worldly good and worldly honors  Ask I not for her from Thee;  But from want and sin and sorrow,  Keep her ever pure and free."
 Two little waxen hands  Folded softly and silently;  Two little curtained eyes  Looking out no more for me;  Two little snowy cheeks,  Dimple-dented never more;  Two little trodden shoes,  That will never touch the floor;  Shoulder-ribbon softly twisted,  Apron folded, clean and white;  These are left me, and these only,  Of the childish presence bright.
Thus He sent an answer to my earnest praying,  Thus He keeps my darling free from earthly stain, Thus He folds the pet lamb safe from earthly straying;  But I miss her sadly by the window-pane.
Till I look above it; then, with purer vision,  Sad, I weep no longer the lilac-bush to pass, For I see her angel, pure, and white, and sinless,  Walking with the harpers by the Sea of Glass.
 Two little snowy wings  Softly flutter to and fro;  Two tiny childish hands  Beckon still to me below;  Two tender angel eyes  Watch me ever earnestly  Through the loopholes of the stars;  Baby's looking out for me.
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Babylonian Penitential Psalms/VI

(VI)
Prayer was my rule, sacrificing my law,
The day of worship of my god my joy,
The day of devotion to my gods my profit and gain.
What, however, seems good to one, to a god may be displeasing.
What is spurned by oneself may find favour with a god.
Who is there that can grasp the will of the gods in heaven?
The plan of a god is full of mystery—who can understand it?
How can mortals learn the ways of a god?
He who is still alive at evening is dead the next morning.
In an instant he is cast into grief, of a sudden he is crushed.
This moment he sings and plays,
In a twinkling he wails like a mourner.
Like opening and closing, mankind’s spirit changes.
If they hunger, they are like corpses.
Have they been satiated, they consider themselves a rival to their god.
If things go well, they prate of mounting to heaven.
If they are in distress, they speak of descending into Irkallu.
* ↑ This is only an extract from a very long psalm, the text of which is published in Rawlinson, iv. (2nd ed.), 60, and a complete translation and study of which is given by Jastrow in the Journal of Biblical Literature, vol. xxv., pp. 135–191, and see Jastrow, Die Religion Babyloniens und Assyriens, ii., 121–133; Martin, “Le Juste Souffrant Babylonien,” in the Journal Asiat., 10th series, vol. xvi., pp. 75–143, and Landersdorfer, Eine Babylonische Quelle für das Buch Job.
* ↑ I.e., like day and night.
* ↑ One of the names of the lower world where the dead congregate.
# Babylonian Penitential Psalms/Introduction

INTRODUCTION
In the penitential psalms the religious beliefs of the Babylonians and Assyrians attain their ethical zenith. The term "penitential psalms" is, of course, purely general; but in view of the striking similarity which some of these compositions bear to certain Biblical psalms, both in tone and sometimes even in phraseology, the term on the whole constitutes a fairly apt designation of those Assyrian and Babylonian religious texts in which the keynote is a consciousness of sin and shortcoming on the part of the suppliant coupled with an appeal to a deity or deities for absolution.
We are chiefly indebted to Ashurbanipal's library at Nineveh for the preservation of this branch of literature. This library had existed in a humble form from the days of Sargon, King of Assyria from 722 to 705 B.C., but in the reign of Ashurbanipal (668 to 626 B.C.) it was greatly extended and enlarged. This king dispatched scribes to other cities in Babylonia and Assyria where libraries existed, and procured copies for his own library at Nineveh. Thus it is that a very large proportion of the cuneiform inscriptions recovered from Ashurbanipal's library are copies of earlier documents.
Professor Jastrow is of opinion that penitential psalms formed part of the religious literature of the Babylonians as early as 2,000 B.C., but that it is very doubtful if any of those preserved go back to that date.
The pervading characteristic of these texts is the anxiety of the suppliant to assuage the anger of the deity. Whether such anger was well merited or not was irrelevant. ​The hard fact that some misfortune had befallen the suppliant irresistibly argued the anger of the deity as the cause thereof; hence the necessity of appeasing that anger in order to avert further disaster. To accomplish this end the mediation of the priest is required to support and reinforce the petitioner's appeal. Thus we find that, as in the incantation texts it was the duty and privilege of the priest to instruct the layman as to the appropriate formula to be used, the recitation of which was accompanied with an appeal of the priest, so in the psalms the priest instructs the penitent what to say, and himself supplements the confession with an assurance of his client's sincerity, and an earnest request that the prayer for forgiveness be granted.
So pronounced, indeed, was this idea in regard to the necessity of a mediator among the Babylonians and Assyrians that sometimes the son or servant of the god himself played that essential part in the drama.
In the penitential psalms the suppliant, in many cases, was probably the king, as the disasters and misfortunes to which reference is made are of a national rather than personal character, and thus incidentally these texts form an exception to the otherwise more or less true generalisation that the Babylonian and Assyrian kings of those days, according to their own annals, never sustained a check or suffered a defeat.
P. H.
# Babylonian Penitential Psalms

TEXTS FOR STUDENTS, No. 25
BABYLONIAN PENITENTIAL PSALMS
PERCY HANDCOCK, M.A.
Price 6d. net.
TEXTS FOR STUDENTS. No. 25
GENERAL EDITORS: Caroline A. J. Skeel, D.Lit.; H. J. White, D.D.; J. P. Whitney, D.D., D.C.L.
BABYLONIAN PENITENTIAL PSALMS
EDITED BY
PERCY HANDCOCK, M.A. BARRISTER- AT-LAW FORMERLY ASSISTANT TO THE KEEPER OF EGYPTIAN AND ASSYRIAN ANTIQUITIES, BRITISH MUSEUM
LONDON SOCIETY FOR PROMOTING CHRISTIAN KNOWLEDGE NEW YORK: THE MACMILLAN CO. 1921
* Introduction
* I
* II - A "prayer of the raising of the hand" to Ishtar
* III
* IV
* V
* VI
PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN BY
BILLING AND SONS, LTD., GUILDFORD AND ESHER.
This work is a translation and has a separate copyright status to the applicable copyright protections of the original content.
# Babylonian Penitential Psalms/IV

(IV)
How long, O my mistress, will the mighty foe oppress thy land?
In thy chief city Erech drought has settled
In E-ul-mas̆, the house of thine oracle, blood is poured out like water.
Throughout thy land he has kindled conflagrations, and poured fire out like a column.
O my mistress, I am fast bound to misfortune,
O my mistress, thou hast beset me, and hast brought sickness upon me,
The mighty enemy has trodden me down as a reed. ​I have no judgment, I have no wisdom.
Like a marsh (?) I wail day and night.
I, thy servant, beseech thee,
May thy heart be at rest, thy soul pacified!
Give ear to my wailing, let thy soul be pacified!
[Accept my prayer], let thy soul be pacified!
Look mercifully upon me, turn thy face towards me
# Babylonian Penitential Psalms/V

(V)
. . . the downcast countenance of the creature!
I, thy servant, full of sighs, cry unto thee,
The supplication of him who has sinned do thou accept!
If thou lookest upon a man, that man lives.
O almighty one, mistress of mankind,
Merciful one, to whom it is good to turn, receive my prayer!
[The Priest here takes up the strain, and joins his prayer to that of the Penitent.]
His god and his goddess being wroth with him, he turns to thee.
Thy countenance turn towards him, seize his hand!
[The Penitent continues.]
Beside thee, there is no guiding deity.
With tender mercy look upon me, and receive my prayer!
Proclaim: “When at last”—and may thy soul be appeased!
How long, O my mistress! Turn thy face towards me!
Like doves I lament, I satiate myself with sighs.
[The Priest again takes up the Penitent's prayer.]
With pain and ache his soul is full of sighs,
Tears he weeps, he breaks forth into wailing.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Alaminos, Antonio

Edition of 1900.
​ALAMINOS, Antonio (ah-lah-mee'-nos), first naval officer of the Spanish fleet that discovered the peninsula of Yucatan in 1517. He distinguished himself by his services under the commands of Grijalba and Hernan Cortes, and was the first to pass the Bahama channel.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Alcott, William Alexander

Edition of 1900.
​Alcott, William Alexander, author, b. in Wolcott, Conn., 6 Aug., 1798; d. in Auburndale, Mass., 29 March, 1859. He supported himself in youth by working on a farm in summer and teaching in winter, studied medicine at Yale, and practised for several years. In 1832 he associated himself with William Woodbridge in the preparation of school geographies and atlases, and in editing the "Annals of Education" and the "Juvenile Rambles," the first weekly periodical for children published in America. His interest in improving the condition of the public schools led to his writing numerous articles on the subject, published in the Hartford and New Haven journals. For his paper “On the Construction of School-houses” he was awarded a premium from the American institute of instruction. About 1832 he removed to Boston, and there published the "Young Man’s Guide," a book that exerted great influence by disseminating correct physiological principles. Upward of 100 books and pamphlets were published by him, including "The House I live in," "The Young Housekeeper," "The Library of Health" (6 vols.), "Moral Reform," "My Progress in Error," and a "Prize Essay on Tobacco." He spent his winters in travel, visiting school-houses, more than 20,000 of which he is said to have inspected, and lecturing. His name is identified with some of the most valuable reforms in education, morals, and physical training of the present century.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Agüeynaba

Edition of 1900.
​AGÜEYNABA (ahg-way-nah'-ba). I. Sachem of the island of Porto Rico when the Spaniards, under command of Juan Ponce de Leon, took possession of that part of the West Indies. He was friendly to Ponce, and accompanied him in an expedition to Santo Domingo. Soon after returning to his native land he died, in 1510. II. Sachem, brother of the preceding, whom he succeeded early in 1511. He promoted rebellion among his fellow-Indians, who attacked the Spaniards and killed many of them. At first the Indians refused to follow him, fearing the result of a war, as they believed the Europeans to be immortal; but he convinced them of the contrary by having a young Spaniard kept under water until dead, and then preserved until ​marks of decomposition became visible. Thus encouraged, the natives rebelled, but they were defeated, and the sachem fell in battle.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Aldama, Ignacio

Edition of 1900.
​ALDAMA, Ignacio, Mexican patriot, b. in San Miguel el Grande, Guanajuato; d. in Monclova, 20 June, 1811. He was a lawyer, but devoted himself to commercial projects with marked success. From the beginning of the revolutionary war he joined Hidalgo, was soon promoted to the rank of general, and was then appointed minister to the United States, in hope of obtaining help from this nation. But, on reaching Bejar, he found that some insurgents, led by Zambrano, were preparing a revolt against the revolutionary authorities. These being overpowered by the new insurgents, 1 March, 1811, Aldama was arrested and sent to Monclova, where he was executed.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Agüero, Joaquin de

Edition of 1900.
​AGÜERO, Joaquin de, Cuban revolutionist, b. in Puerto Principe, Cuba, in 1816; d. there 12 Aug., 1851. In 1843 he freed all his slaves. In 1851 he headed an insurrection against the Spanish government, in the central part of the island, was defeated after a desperate contest, and was captured and shot, together with his principal followers.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Akerly, Samuel

Edition of 1900.
​AKERLY, Samuel, physician, b. in 1785; d. on Staten Island, 6 July, 1845. He was graduated at Columbia college in 1804. He contributed to medical and scientific periodicals, was active in establishing institutions for deaf mutes, and published an "Essay on the Geology of the Hudson River" (1820) and "Observations on Deafness" (1821).
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Alcocer, Vidal

Edition of 1900.
​ALCOCER, Vidal, Mexican philanthropist, b. in the city of Mexico, 8 April, 1801 ; d. there 22 Nov., 1800. When very young he worked as a bookbinder, and then as a gunsmith, until he entered the army. He fought in the war of independence, at the end of which he retired, but afterward took part in the organization of troops for the war against the French, and then as a soldier in operations to defend his native city from the American army. His chief aim in life was to promote education among destitute children, in pursuit of which he organized, in 1846, an association which, in August, 1853, had established twenty schools for poor children in the city of Mexico, and from 1854 to 1858 the number of these schools was increased to thirty-three, with 7.000 boys and girls receiving a good elementary education.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Aldana, Ramon

Edition of 1900.
​ALDANA, Ramon, Mexican poet, b. in Merida de Yucatan, 30 June, 1833 ; d. in the city of Mexico, 16 Aug., 1882. He studied philosophy and law in his native city, but soon devoted himself to journalism and politics. He produced four dramas, which bear the titles "Honor y felicidad," "Nobleza de corazón," "Una prenda de venganza," and "La cubeza y el corazón," besides lyric poems, sonnets, and numerous literary articles.