# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Primrose, James (d.1659)

​PRIMROSE or PRIMEROSE, JAMES, M.D. (d. 1659), physician, son of Dr. Gilbert Primrose (1580?–1641) [q. v.], was born at St. Jean d'Angély, Charente-Inférieure. He studied at the university of Bordeaux (Popular Errors, p. 6), there graduated M.A., and then proceeded to Montpellier, where he took the degree of M.D. in 1617 (Astruc), and attended the lectures of John Varandaeus, professor of physic (Errors, p. 44). He was incorporated M.D. at Oxford in March 1628. On 9 Dec. 1629, at Dr. Argent's house in London, he was examined for admission to the license of the College of Physicians, William Harvey, M.D. [q. v.], being one of his examiners (manuscript annals). He passed, and was admitted the following day. He settled in Hull, and there practised his profession. His first book appeared in London in 1630: 'Exercitationes et Animadversiones in Librum Gulielmi Harvaei de Motu Cordis et Circulatione Sanguinis,' and is an attempt to refute Harvey's demonstration of the circulation of the blood. His 'Animadversiones in J. Walaei Disputationem,' Amsterdam, 1639, 'Animadversiones in Theses D. Henrici le Roy,' Leyden, 1640, and 'Antidotum adversus Spongium venatum Henrici Regii,' Leyden, 1640, are further arguments on the same subject. Harvey made no reply. In 1631 Primrose published at Oxford 'Academia Monspeliensis descripta,' 4to, dedicated to Thomas Clayton, regius ​professor at Oxford, and in 1638, in London, 'De Vulgi in Medicina Erroribus.' An English translation of this was published by Robert Wittie, another physician in Hull, in 1651. A French translation appeared at Lyons in 1689; other Latin editions appeared at Amsterdam in 1639 and at Rotterdam in 1658 and 1668. It refutes such doctrines as that a hen fed on gold-leaf assimilates the gold, so that three pure golden lines appear on her breast; that the linen of the sick ought not to be changed; that remedies are not to be rejected for their unpleasantness; and that gold boiled in broth will cure consumption. Andrew Marvell wrote eighteen lines of Latin verse and an English poem of forty lines in praise of this translation. Wittie published in 1640 in London an English version of a separate work by Primrose on part of the same subject, 'The Antimoniall Cup twice Cast.' In 1647 Primrose published, at Leyden, 'Aphorismi necessarii ad doctrinam Medicinae acquirendam perutiles,' and, at Amsterdam, in 1650, 'Enchiridion Medicum,' a dull little digest of Galenic medicine, on the same general plan as Nial O'Glacan's treatise [see O'Glacan, Nial], and in 1651 'Ars Pharmaceutica, methodus brevissima de eligendis et componendis medicinis.' His last four books were all published at Rotterdam; 'De Mulierum Morbis,' 1655; 'Destructio Fundamentorum Vopisci Fortunati Plempii,' 1657; 'De Febribus,' 1658; and 'Partes duae de Morbis Puerorum,' 1659. All his books are compilations, with very few observations of his own. He married Louise de Haukmont at the Walloon church in London in 1640 (Burn, History of the French Refugees, &c., 1846, p. 32), and died in December 1659 at Hull, where he was buried in Holy Trinity Church.
[Munk's Coll. of Phys. i. 197; Foster's Alumni Oxon.; Lorry's edit, of Astruc's Memoires pour servir à l'Histoire de la Faculté de Montpelier, 1767; Works.]
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