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# Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book VII/Hymn 49 (51)

49 (51). To the spouses of the gods.
[Atharvam.—dvyṛcam. mantroktadevapatnīdevatākam. 1. ārṣī jagatī; 2. 4. p. pan̄kti.]
Not found in Pāipp. The verses are RV. v. 46. 7, 8, also in TB. iii. 5. 12$^1$ and MS. iv. 13. 10. Not used in Kāuç. (unless included in patnīvanta gaṇa: see under hymn 47). Vāit. has it (4. 8: not ix. 7. 6, comm.) in the parvan sacrifice, with one of the patnīsaṁyāja offerings.
Translated: Henry, 17, 75; Griffith, i. 349.
1. Let the spouses of the gods, eager, help us; let them help us forward unto offspring (? tují), unto winning of booty (vā́ja); they that are of earth, they that are in the sphere (vratá) of the waters—let those well-invoked goddesses bestow on us protection.
The translation implies the accent devī́s in d. The other texts read accordantly devīḥ suhavāḥ and yachata; ours substitutes yachantu and adapts suhávās to it, but absurdly leaves devīs vocative. The comm. reads yacchatu at the end; he explains tujáye by tokāyā ’patyāya.
2. And let the women (gnā́) partake (vī), whose husbands are gods—Indrāṇī, Agnāyī, Açvinī the queen; let Ródasī, let Varuṇānī listen; let the goddesses partake, [at] the season that is the wives'.
The other texts offer no variants, save that the RV. pada-text unaccountably reads in c ródasī íti, as if the word were the common dual, instead of a proper name. The verse can be read as of 40 syllables.
# Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book VII/Hymn 51 (53)

51 (53). For protection by Brihaspati and Indra.
[An̄giras.—bārhaspatyam. trāiṣṭubham.]
Found also in Pāipp. xv. The verse is RV. x. 42. 11 (also in TS. iii. 3. 11$^1$). In Kāuç. (59. 19) it is used with hymn 17 etc. (see under that hymn); and it is reckoned (note to 25. 36) to the svastyayana gaṇa. In Vāit. (25. 2) it goes with hymns 44 and ​58; see under 44. The comm. quotes it also from Çānti K. (15) in a sacrifice to the planets (grahayajñe), and from Nakṣ. K. ⌊should be Çānti⌋ (18), in a maāçānti called bārhaspatyā.
1. Let Brihaspati protect us round about from behind, also from above, from below, against the malignant one; let Indra from in front and from midway make wide space for us, a companion for companions.
The directions admit also of being understood as from west, north, south, and east. RV. (and TS.) reads várivas in d, and so does Ppp. (varivaṣ kṛṇotu).
The fourth anuvāka ends here; it has, according to our division, 13 hymns and 30 verses; the other division counts 14 hymns; the quoted Anukr. is to this effect: dvāu pañcarcāu saṁniviṣṭāu caturthe; and, for the hymns: caturthe trayodaça sūktāḥ—thus sanctioning our division.
# Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book VII/Hymn 54 (56, 57. 1)

54 (56, 57. 1). Extolling verse and chant.
[vs. 1. Brahman.—ṛksāmadevatyam. ānuṣṭubham.—vs. 2, and 55. 1. Bhṛgu.—dvyṛcam. āindram. ānuṣṭubham.]
Notwithstanding the close relationship of the two verses reckoned in our edition as constituting this hymn, and their discordance with the following verse (our 55), the Anukr. and some of the mss. (and hence the comm. and SPP's text) take our vs. 1 as a whole hymn, and our vs. 2 and hymn 55 as together one hymn; and this is probably to be accepted as the true traditional division.* Pāipp. has our two verses in xx., but in different places. Kāuç. (42. 9-10), in a rite for the gaining of wealth by teachers (adhyāpakānām arthārjanavighnaçamanārtham, comm., p. 402, end), gives as pratīka simply ṛcaṁ sāma, which would imply either or both verses; Dārila explains dvābhyām 'with two,' which might mean either hymns or verses. The comm. ⌊p. 410$^{11}$⌋ appears to regard vs. 2 (57. 1) as intended in rule 9, and both vs. 1 and vs. 2 (56 and 57) in rule 10. *⌊The decad-division comes between vss. 1 and 2: cf. p. 389.⌋
Translated: Muir, iii$^2$. 4; Henry, 21, 81; Griffith, 1. 352.
​1. To verse (ṛ́c), to chant (sā́man) we sacrifice, by (both) which men perform rites (kárman); these bear rule at the seat (sádas); they hand (yam) the offering to the gods.
The verse is SV. i. 369, which, however, reads yacāmahe in a, kṛṇváte in b, ví té for eté in c, and vakṣataḥ in d; GGS. iii. 2. 48, giving the pratīka, has yajāmahe. Ppp. also has kṛṇvate and vi te, but yachatām at the end. The comm. explains sadasi by etannāmake maṇḍape.
2 (57. 1). When (yád) I have asked verse ⌊and⌋ chant ⌊respectively⌋ for oblation ⌊and⌋ force, ⌊and⌋ sacrificial formula (yájus) for strength, let not therefore this Veda, asked, injure me, O lord of might (çácī-).
The construction of the six bare accusatives in the first line is made in accordance with the comm., and appears perhaps the most probable, though not beyond question. ⌊In c, Ppp. has bhūtir⌋ but whether for eṣa or for tasmāt is not clear from R's note.⌋
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Toussaint, Dieudonné Gabriel

Edition of 1889. No confirmation of this person's existence outside of Appletons' and derived sources has as yet been located, but there is also no verifiable source which states the person is one of Appletons' fictitious entries. Use this information with extra caution. There is a grammatical error in the title of one of the alleged literary works.
​TOUSSAINT, Dieudonné Gabriel (too-sang), Austrian naturalist, b. in Vienna in 1717; d. in Schoenbrunn in 1799. He was the son of a chancellor of the French legation, studied in Vienna and Prague, and, devoting himself afterward to botany, was made in 1759 imperial botanist by the Empress Maria Theresa, and shortly afterward appointed professor in the University of Prague. After the general peace of 1763 he was sent on a scientific mission to South America, and from 1764 till 1771 visited several of the West Indies. By special permission of Charles III. of Spain, he also went to Mexico and both Upper and Lower California, being detained a prisoner for several weeks by Indians in the neighborhood of the present city of Los Angeles. The valuable collections that he formed are preserved in the museum at Vienna. Toussaint's works include “Sertum Mexicanum” (Vienna, 1773); “Prodomus floræ Mexicanæ, exhibens characteres plantarum, nova genera et species novas vel minus cognitas” (4 vols., 1773-'7); and “Bibliotheca botanica, continens genera plantarum in America Meridionali crescentium” (1779). His name has been given to a Brazilian plant of the family Polygalæ.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Trask, George

Edition of 1900.
​TRASK, George, clergyman, b. in Beverly, Mass., 15 Aug., 1798; d. in Fitchburg, Mass., 25 Jan., 1875. He was graduated at Bowdoin in 1826, and at Andover theological seminary in 1829, was ordained, 15 Sept., 1830, and held pastorates in Framingham, Warren, and Fitchburg, Mass., till 1850, after which he was a temperance agent in the last-named town until his death. Mr. Trask became specially known for his efforts against the use of tobacco, in opposition to which he labored earnestly with voice and pen. He delivered many lectures throughout the United States, and was the author of many anti-tobacco tracts.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Travis, William Barrett

Edition of 1889.
​TRAVIS, William Barrett, soldier, b. in Conecuh county, Ala., in 1811; d. near San Antonio, Tex., 6 March, 1836. He was admitted to the bar about 1830. and practised in Claiborne, Ala., but became financially embarrassed, and, leaving that place about 1832, went to Texas, where he afterward took up arms in the struggle for the independence of that country. At the head of 140 men he was besieged in the old mission station of San Antonio de Valerio, which had been named Fort Alamo (see illustration), by Gen. Santa-Anna, with 4,000 Mexicans, on 23 Feb., 1836. The fort was defended for ten days, frequent assaults being repelled with great slaughter, while not a man in the fort was injured. Many appeals for re-enforcements were sent out, but only thirty-two men could get through the Mexican lines. Finally, on 6 March, three assaults were made, and in the hand-to-hand fight that followed the last, the Texans were overpowered. They fought desperately, with clubbed muskets, till only six were left, including Travis, David Crockett, and James Bowie. These surrendered under promise of protection; but when they were brought before Santa-Anna he ordered them to be cut to pieces. In the bloody defeat of the Mexicans at San Jacinto shortly afterward, the Texan battle-cry was “Remember the Alamo.” In person Travis was of fine stature, with regular features, blue eyes, and auburn hair.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Treadwell, Daniel

Edition of 1889.
​TREADWELL, Daniel, inventor, b. in Ipswich, Mass., 10 Oct., 1791; d. in Cambridge, Mass., 27 Feb., 1872. He early displayed inventive talent, his first device, made when he was quite young, being a machine for producing wooden screws. In 1818 he devised a new form of printing-press, and in 1819 went to England, where he conceived the idea of a power-press. This was completed in a year after his return, and was the first press by which a sheet was printed on this continent by other than hand power. It was widely used, and in New York city large editions of the Bible were published by its means. In 1825 he was employed by the city of Boston to make a survey for the introduction of water, and in 1826 he devised a system of turnouts for railway transportation on a single track. He completed the first successful machine for spinning hemp for cordage in 1829. Works capable of spinning 1,000 tons a year were erected in Boston in 1831, and by machines that he furnished in 1836 to the Charlestown navy-yard all the hemp was spun and the cordage made for some time for the U. S. navy. These machines were used in Canada, Ireland, and Russia, and one of them, called a circular hackle or lapper, has been generally adopted wherever hemp is spun for coarse cloth. In 1835 he perfected a method for making cannon from wrought-iron and steel, resembling the process that was subsequently introduced by Sir William Armstrong. He patented it and received government contracts, but the great cost of his cannon prevented a demand for them. From 1834 till 1845 he was Rumford professor in Harvard, and in 1822, with Dr. John Ware, he established and conducted the “Boston Journal of Philosophy and the Arts.” His publications include “The Relations of Science to the Useful Arts” (Boston, 1855); “On the Practicability of constructing a Cannon of Great Calibre” (Cambridge, 1856); and “On the Construction of Hooped Cannon,” a sequel to the foregoing (1864).
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Trumbull, Benjamin

Edition of 1900. The section on Lyman Trumbull was written by Albert David Hager.
​TRUMBULL, Benjamin, historian, b. in Hebron, Conn., 19 Dec., 1735; d. in North Haven, Conn., 2 Feb., 1820. He was graduated at Yale in 1759, and received his theological education under Rev. Eleazer Wheelock, who delivered his ordination sermon in 1760, commending him to the people of North Haven as “not a sensual, sleepy, lazy, dumb dog, that could not bark back.” He continued in that charge for nearly sixty years, his preaching being interrupted only by the Revolution, in which he served both as a volunteer and as chaplain. After the war he published a pamphlet sustaining the claim of Connecticut to the Susquehanna purchase, which influenced the decision of congress in her favor. Yale gave him the degree of D. D. in 1796. He published “Twelve Discourses on the Divine Origin of the Holy Scriptures” (Hartford, 1790); “General History of the United States of America” (3 vols., Boston, 1765-1810); and “Complete History of Connecticut from 1630 till 1713” (2 vols., Hartford, 1797). The manuscript collections from which this history is compiled are in the Yale library. —
Benjamin's grandson, Lyman, senator, b. in Colchester, Conn., 12 Oct., 1813, began to teach at sixteen years of age, and at twenty was at the head of an academy in Georgia, where he studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1837. He removed to Belleville, Ill., and in 1841 was secretary of the state of Illinois. In 1848 he was elected one of the justices of the state supreme court. In 1854 he was chosen to represent his district in congress, but before his term began he was elected U. S. senator, and took his seat, 4 March, 1855. Until that time he had affiliated with the Democratic party, but on the question of slavery he took a decided stand against his party and his colleague, Stephen A. Douglas, especially on the question of “popular sovereignty.” In 1860 he was brought forward by some Republicans as a candidate for president. He had no desire to be so considered, and when his friend, Abraham Lincoln, was nominated, he labored with earnestness for his election. In 1861 he was re-elected to the U. S. senate, in which he did good service for the National cause, and was one of the first to propose the amendment to the Federal constitution for the abolition of slavery. He was one of the five Republican senators that voted for acquittal in the impeachment trial of Andrew Johnson, and afterward he acted with the Democratic party, whose candidate for governor of Illinois he was in 1880. Since his retirement from congress he has had a lucrative law-practice in Chicago.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/True, Charles Kittridge

Edition of 1889.
​TRUE, Charles Kittridge, educator, b. in Portland, Me., 14 Aug., 1809; d. in Brooklyn, N. Y., 20 June, 1878. He was graduated at Harvard in 1832, and was subsequently pastor of various Methodist churches, and principal of the Amenia seminary, N. Y. He was professor of moral and intellectual philosophy at Wesleyan in 1849-'60. Harvard gave him the degree of D. D. in 1849. He edited the “Oregonian and Indian Advocate” in 1839, in Boston, Mass., and was the author of “Elements of Logic” (Boston, 1840); “Shawmut, or the Settlement of Boston” (1845); “John Winthrop ​and the Great Colony” (New York, 1875); “Life and Times of Sir Walter Raleigh” (Cincinnati, Ohio, 1878); “Life and Times of John Knox” (1878); “Memoirs of John Howard” (1878); “The Thirty Years' War” (1879); “Heroes of Holland” (1882); and “Life of Capt. John Smith” (1882).
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Totiri, Stephen

Edition of 1889.
​TOTIRI, Stephen (to-tee'-ree), Indian convert, lived in the first half of the 17th century. He resided in the town of St. Joseph, where he was regarded as a saint. When missionaries came to his village in 1641 he offered his cabin for a chapel, and, after their departure, instructed the catechumens in Christian doctrine. In 1643 he accompanied Father Jogues, and was captured with him by the Iroquois, but he eluded their vigilance and escaped to his own country, where he preached the gospel in every direction. The French missionaries, having been forced to discontinue their work among the Attiwandaronks, a tribe known as the “neutral nation,” in 1644, Totiri went thither. He explained the Christian doctrine by means of symbols, and the curiosity that he excited resulted in his making many converts. He returned to his tribe in 1646. On one occasion, after vainly trying to save an Iroquois prisoner that was about to be put to death, he instructed him in the Christian faith, and, although threatened with death by his kinsmen, baptized the Iroquois before he was sent to the stake. A number of his tribe remained heathens, and he several times nearly lost his life. But his calmness and courage eventually prevailed, and the village gradually submitted to his control.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Totoquiyauhtzin

Edition of 1889.
​TOTTEN, Benjamin J., naval officer, b. in the West Indies in 1806; d. in New Bedford, Mass., 9 May, 1877. He entered the navy as a midshipman, 2 March, 1823, became a passed midshipman, 20 Feb., 1830, was promoted to lieutenant, 29 March, 1834, and was commissioned a commander, 14 Sept., 1855. He was in charge of the sloop "Vincennes" in 1858-'60 on the coast of Africa to suppress the slave-trade, and the " Brandy wine " of the North Atlantic squadron, 1862-'3, most of the time being stationed at Hampton Roads, Va. He was placed on the reserved list in July, 1862, and served at the naval rendezvous at New Bedford, Mass.. during the rest of the war after May, 1863. He was retired, 1 Oct., 1864, and promoted to commodore on the retired list, 4 April, 1867, after which he was governor of the naval asylum at Philadelphia for two years. He was the author of "Totten*s Naval Text-Book" (Boston, 1841; revised eds., New York, 1862 and 1864).
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Trimble, Allen

Edition of 1900.
​TRIMBLE, Allen, statesman, b. in Augusta county, Va., 24 Nov., 1783; d. in Hillsborough, Ohio, 2 Feb., 1870. His father, Capt. James, removed in 1784 to Lexington, Ky., where he died in October, 1804. Allen then settled in Highland county, Ohio, where he was clerk of courts and recorder in 1809-'16. He commanded a mounted regiment under Gen. William Henry Harrison in 1812-'13, was a state representative in 1816, state senator in 1817-'26, and speaker of the house in 1819-'26. He was acting governor of Ohio in 1821-'2, governor in 1826-'30, and in 1846-'48 was president of the first state board of agriculture. While he was governor, he did much to extend and improve the common-school system, encouraged manufacturing companies, and promoted penitentiary reform. - His brother, William A., senator, b. in Woodford, Ky., 4 April, 1786; d. in Washington, D.C., 13 Dec., 1821, was graduated at Transylvania college, studied law with Judge Robert Trimble, was admitted to the bar in 1811, and began practice at Highland, Ohio. He was adjutant of his brother Allen's regiment in the campaign against the Pottawattamie Indians in 1812, became major of Ohio volunteers, 7 May, 1812, and was taken prisoner at the capture of Detroit. He was appointed major of the 26th U.S. infantry, 18 March, 1813, brevetted lieutenant-colonel, 17 Sept., 1814, for gallantry at the sortie at Fort Erie, in which he was severely wounded, and became lieutenant-colonel of the 1st infantry, 30 Nov., 1814. Col. Trimble was transferred to the 8th infantry, 17 May, 1815, and resigned 1 March, 1819. He was then elected U.S. senator from Ohio, and served from 1819 till his death. He was a commissioner with Gen. Lewis Cass in 1821 to treat with the northwestern Indians at Green Bay.
# Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book XVI/Paryaya 4

4. Paryāya the fourth.
[Brahman.—saptaka. ādityadevatya. 1, 3. sāmny anuṣṭubh; 2. sāmny uṣṇih; 4. 3-p. anuṣṭubh; 5. āsurī gāyatrī; 6. ārcy uṣṇih; 7. 3-p. virāḍgarbhā ’nuṣṭubh.]
Translated: Griffith, ii. 203.
1. May I be the navel of riches, the navel of my equals.
The scholiast (pariçiṣṭa) adds this verse (or paryāya) 3. 1 under Kāuç. 18. 25. ⌊Cf. note to 3. 1.⌋
2. Of good seat (? svāsát) art thou, of good dawns, an immortal among mortals.
The adjectives are sing. masculine. The pada-text reads su॰āsát and su॰uṣā́ḥ.
3. Let not breath quit me; nor let expiration, deserting me, go away.
⌊For 'deserting me' one might perhaps say 'leaving me low.' For the combination with párā gā, cf. TS. v. 7. 9$^1$. Most of our mss. (all except D.R.) leave mā́m unaccented; ⌊the curious blunder is made also by nine of SPP's mss., as against five mss. and two reciters that gave mā́m⌋. All our mss. save one (R.) combine apānó ‘va ⌊instead of -nò⌋. The verse is ⌊almost⌋ identical with vii. 53. 4 a, b ⌊which has me ’mám for mā́ mā́m⌋.
4. Let the sun protect me from the sky, Agni from the earth, Vāyu from the atmosphere, Yama from men (manuṣyà), Sarasvatī from them of the earth.
The verse can be read into 32 syllables, but the metrical definition of the Anukr. is altogether absurd. ⌊Griffith gives ahnás its usual meaning: possibly W's "sky" is not intentional, but a mere slip. Cf., however, 7. 6, below.⌋
5. O breath-and-expiration, do not desert me; let me not perish (pra-mī) among the people (jána).
6. With well-being today, O waters, may I, whole [and] with my whole train (-gaṇá), attain dawns and evenings.
The verse is really composed of two triṣṭubh pādas.
7. Puissant (çákvarī) are ye; may cattle approach me; let Mitra-and-Varuṇa [assign] me breath-and-expiration; let Agni assign me dexterity.
Nearly all our mss. (not T.s.m.R.) give stheṣu instead of stheṣus; ⌊and so do three of SPP's⌋. ⌊For the form, see Gram. § 894 c.⌋
⌊Here ends the first anuvāka, with 4 paryāyas and 32 avasānarcas: see the summations at page 793, above. The piece here quoted from the Old Anukr. is prājāpatyo ha catuṣkaḥ: see p. 792.⌋
# Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book XVI/Paryaya 6

6. Paryāya the sixth.
Translated: Griffith, ii. 204.
​1. We have conquered today, we have won today; we have become guiltless.
The verse corresponds to the first two pādas of RV. viii. 47. 18, which differ only by reading ca in place of the second adyá. It and its two successors (or also vs. 4) are really metrical, half anuṣṭubhs. The verse, or the paryāya, is used in Kāuç. 49. 19, nearly at the end of the abhicāra or witchcraft chapter, with xiii. 1. 28 and 3. 1, to accompany the putting on of adhipāças (conjectured 'gag' in the minor Pet. Lex.).
2. O dawn, of what evil-dreaming we have been afraid, let that fade away (apa-vas).
The verse ⌊cf. note to vs. 1⌋ is, without variant, RV. viii. 47. 18 c, d.
3. Carry that away to him that hates; carry that away to him that curses.
4. Whom we hate, and who hates us, to him we make it go.
Our yás (in yáç ca no) is an emendation for yát, which all the mss. read. ⌊SPP. reads yát with all his authorities.⌋
5. Heavenly dawn, in concord with speech; heavenly speech, in concord with dawn;—
Part of the mss. read in b devy ū̀ṣásā.
6. The lord of dawn, in concord with the lord of speech; the lord of speech, in concord with the lord of dawn:—
The Anukr. mss. read ārṣī instead of ārcī in their definition of the meter of this verse.
7. Let them carry away for yon man the niggards (arā́ya), the ill-named ones, the sadā́nvās,—
8. The kumbhī́kās, the spoilers (dūṣī́kā), the revilers (pī́yaka),—
9. Waking evil-dreaming, sleeping evil-dreaming.
Literally 'of one waking' and 'in sleep.' The pada-text reads ॰dusvapnyám both times. The Anukr. twice resolves -ni-am.
10. Boons that will not come, plans of non-acquisition, fetters of hatred that does not release:—
That is, probably, plans or desires that issue in failure. ⌊Griffith takes drúh here and at ii. 10 as a female fiend.⌋
11. That, O Agni, let the gods carry away for yon man, that he may be impotent (vádhri), faltering, not good (sādhú).
'For him,' here and in vs. 7, is plainly equivalent to 'to him,' or that they may be his. All the mss. accent víthuras; ⌊so SPP. reads with all his authorities⌋. As gāyatrī and ārcy anuṣṭubh both imply 24 syllables, the Anukr. seems willing to give us our choice between them.