OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/elend

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry elend. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ elend, adjective, ‘wretched, pitiful, miserable, despicable,’ from Middle High German ęllende, adjective, ‘unhappy, woful, living in a foreign country, banished,’ Old High German ęli-lenti, ‘banished, living out of one's country, foreign, alien, captive’; corresponding to Old Saxon ęli-lendi, ‘alien, foreign.’ To this is allied the abstract Elend, neuter, from Middle High German ęllende, Old High German ęli-lenti, neuter, ‘banishment, foreign country,’ Middle High German also, ‘want, distress, misery,’ Old High German also, ‘captivity,’ Old Saxon ęlilendi, neuter, ‘foreign country.’ The primary meaning of the adjective is ‘living in, born in a foreign country’ (compare Elsaß, from early Middle Latin Alisatia, from Old High German Elisâȥȥo, literally ‘incola peregrinus,’ or ‘inhabitant of the other bank of the Rhine’). Gothic aljis, ‘another,’ is primitively cognate with Latin alius, Greek ἄλλος (for ἄλjος), Old Irish aile, ‘another’; compare the corresponding genitive Old High German and Anglo-Saxon ęlles, ‘otherwise,’ English else. The pronominal stem alja- was even in the Gothic period supplanted by anþara-, ‘another.’ Compare Recke.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/eng

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry eng. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ eng, adjective, ‘narrow, close, strait, confined,’ from the equivalent Middle High German and Middle Low German ęnge, Old High German ęngi, angi; corresponds to Gothic aggwus, Old Icelandic øngr (seldom ǫngr), ‘narrow,’ Dutch eng; from the Teutonic root ang, Aryan angh, preserved also in Angst. Compare Latin angustus, angustiœ, angere (see also bange), as well as Sanscrit aṅhú, ‘narrow,’ áṅhas, neuter, ‘narrowness, chasm, oppression,’ Old Slovenian ązŭkŭ, ‘narrow,’ Greek ἄγχω, ‘to strangle,’ Armenian anjuk, Irish cum-ung, ‘narrow.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/empor

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry empor. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ empor, adverb, ‘upwards, aloft,’ from Middle High German enbor, enbore, adverb, ‘into or in the heights’; Old High German inbore, in bore, with the same meaning; a combination of the preposition in with the dative of Old High German and Middle High German dor, ‘upper space’ (Old High German also ‘summit’), the origin of which is obscure. It scarcely belongs to the root ber, ‘to carry’ (in Bahre); more probably to empören. The p of the Modern High German word is based on an early Modern High German medium form entbôr, from which entpor, empor, must have been produced.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/empören

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry empören. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ empören, verb, ‘to excite, enrage, (reflexive) to revolt,’ from Middle High German enbœren, Old High German (occurs only once) anabôren, ‘to raise’; akin to Middle High German bôr, masculine, ‘defiance, revolt.’ The origin of the cognates is uncertain, because it is difficult to determine whether the r is primitive or whether it is by a later change based upon s (z); with ber, ‘upper space’ — see empor — there seems to be a connection by gradation of u to au; Modern High German böse (Old High German bôsi) is not allied.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/emsig

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry emsig. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ emsig, adjective, ‘busy, active, assiduous, industrious,’ from Middle High German ęmȥec, ęmȥic, Old High German ęmaȥȥig, ęmiȥȥig (also with tz) ‘constant, persistent, continuous’; Suabian and Alemannian have fleißig, instead of the non-existent emsig. A derivative by means of the suffix -ig from Old High German ęmiȥ, whence Middle High German ęmeȥliche. Its connection with Muße is questionable, since ă- as an accented prefix is not to be found. Anglo-Saxon œ̂metig, emtig, ‘free, empty,’ English empty, is not allied. With greater probability, the West Teutonic term for ‘ant’ (see Ameise) is related to emsig.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/entbehren

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry entbehren. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ entbehren, verb, from Middle High German enbërn, Old High German (int-?) in-bëran, ‘to do without, want’; a corresponding verb is wanting in the Old Teutonic dialects. The meaning of Old High German in-bëran can hardly be deduced from bëran, ‘to carry’ (see Bahre, gebaren, Bürde); whether it is connected with baar, Old Slovenian bosŭ, from an Aryan root bhes, ‘to be empty,’ remains uncertain, because the prefix has no very definite meaning, and because no other verb from this root has been found.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/empfangen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry empfangen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ empfangen, empfinden, see ent-.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/ent-

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry ent-. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ ent-, prefix, ‘forth, from, out, away,’ from Middle High German ent-, Old High German int-, an unaccented prefix corresponding to the accented ant-, which is of the same origin. In words with initial f, ent- even in Middle High German becomes emp-, hence empfangen (from fangen), empfinden (from finden), empfehlen (befehlen), Old High German int-fâhan, int-findan, *int-fëlhan. The meaning of the prefix belongs to grammar.—
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/entern

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry entern. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ entern, verb, ‘to hoard (a ship),’ simply Modern High German, formed like Dutch enteren, from Spanish entrar (Latin intrare).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Sente

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Sente | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Sente, f., ‘herd,’ ModHG. only; allied to Senne.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Seuche

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Seuche | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Seuche, f., ‘epidemic, plague,’ from ​MidHG. siuche, OHG. siuhhî, f., ‘disease’; abstract of siech.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Siedler

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Siedler | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Siedler, m., ‘settler’; comp. Einsiedel.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Sieg

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Sieg | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Sieg, m., ‘victory, triumph, conquest,’ from the equiv. MidHG. sige, also sic (g), OHG. sigi, sigu, m.; a common Teut. word; comp. Goth. sigis, OIc. sigr, AS. segor and sige, Du. zege. The great antiquity of the Teut. stem segoz, sigiz, is attested both by the proper names Segi-mêrus, Segi-mundus, and Segestes, mentioned by Tacitus, and by the terms in the cognate languages; Aryan séghos, n., ‘prevailing might,’ is implied also by Ind. sáhas and Zend hazaṅh, ‘power, might, victory.’ Comp. Sans. sah, ‘to overpower, vanquish, conquer,’ to which Gr. ἔχω (aor. ἔ-σχ-ον) and OIr. segaim, ‘I attain,’ are closely allied.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Sessel

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Sessel | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Sessel, m., ‘settle,’ from the equiv. MidHG. sëȥȥel, OHG. sëȥȥal, m.; corresponding to AS. setl, E. settle, Goth. sitls, m., ‘seat, stool.’ A derivative of the Teut. root set, ‘to sit,’ like Lat. sella, for *sedla from sêdeo; comp. also Gr. ἔδρα, from ἔζομαι, OSlov. sedlo, ‘saddle,’ from sĕsti, ‘to sit down’; comp. siedeln.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Sichel

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Sichel | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Sichel, f., ‘sickle,’ from the equiv. MidHG. sichel, OHG. sihhila, f.; corresponding to Du. zikkel, AS. sicol, E. sickle. It is perhaps borrowed from Lat. secula (Ital. segolo, ‘bill, hedging bill’). On account of the agreement of the E. with the G. term, it must have been introduced in the 5th cent., which date also explains the permutation of Lat. k to HG. ch. On the other hand, Sichel and its cognates may be regarded as genuine Teut. words (Teut. sikilô-); the G. word looks like a diminutive of ModHG. Sech, which points to Teut. sëko-, and more remotely to the Aryan root seg, sok (see Sense).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Sester

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Sester | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Sester, m., ‘bushel,’ of the same origin as Sechter.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Sicht

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Sicht | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Sicht, s., ‘sight,’ from MidHG. siht, f., ‘appearance, view’; verbal abstract from sehen; comp. E. sight, from to see.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Sieb

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Sieb | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Sieb, n., ‘sieve,’ from the equiv. MidHG. sip (b), OHG. sib, n.; comp. the equiv. Du. zeef (and zift); AS. sife, n., E. sieve; derived, like siftan, ‘to sift’ (see sichten), from a root sib (seb), which is not found elsewhere.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Siegel

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Siegel | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Siegel, n., ‘seal, signet,’ from the equiv. late MidHG. sigel, m. (wanting in OHG.); in the classical period MidHG. insigel, insigele, OHG. insigili, n. It cannot be determined whether MidHG. sigel, which was substituted for the latter term, was borrowed at a later period from Lat. sigillum, or whether it was formed again from MidHG. besigelen (OHG. bisigelen), ‘to seal,’ and entsigelen (OHG. intsigilen), ‘to unseal’; nor is it known how OHG. insigili is related to Lat. sigillum. In Goth. a term sigljô, n., occurs.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Krume

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Krume | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Krume, f., ‘crumb,’ a LG. loan-word, wanting in MidHG.; comp. LG. krûme, Du. kruim, AS. crûme, E. crumb, crum. The root krū̆ appears also in krauen, OHG. chrouwôn, ‘to scratch, operate with the nails.’ Allied to Gr. γρῦμέα, ‘rubbish’ (Aryan root grū̆)?.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Kropzeug

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Kropzeug | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Kropzeug, n., ‘rogues,’ a LG. word, formed from LG. krôp (comp. kriechen), ‘crawling creature, small cattle,’ but this is not quite certain. Others connect it with the preceding word Kropf, which also signifies in Suab. and Bav. ‘small, crippled creature, little man.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Krug

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Krug | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Krug (1.), m., ‘jug, pitcher,’ from the equiv. MidHG. kruoc (g), OHG. chruog, m,; corresponding to AS. crôg, crôh, ‘pitcher,’ also ‘bottle.’ Besides these terms, based upon a common form krôga-, there are several words allied in sound and meaning; comp. OSax. krûka, Du. kruik, f., AS. crûce, MidE. crouke; MidHG. krûche, f., ModHG. (dial.) Krauche. AS. crocca (and crohh), MidE. crokke, ‘pitcher,’ Ic. krukka, ‘pot.’ Since it is not improbable that all these terms were borrowed, we may perhaps connect them further with Krause. Their source, however, cannot be assigned, since the corresponding words in the allied languages may also have been borrowed, and are insufficient phonetically to account ​for the numerous Teut. terms. Some etymologists derive then from Kelt. words such as W. crwc, ‘pail,’ from which Fr. cruche, ‘pitcher,’ may be derived, if it is not of G. origin. The Goth. term for ‘pitcher’ is aúrkeis (borrowed from Lat. urceus). Comp. Krug (2).
Krug (2.), m., ‘alehouse,’ comp. Du. kroeg; it passed into HG. and Du. from LG., where it is recorded since the 13th cent. The quondam assumption that the word is identical with Krug (1), “because formerly an actual or a carved pitcher was hung in front of a tavern,” is demolished by the fact that Krug, ‘urceus,’ is entirely unknown to LG. (and Du.); the OSax. term krûka was used. On the other hand, Krug, ‘alehouse,’ was orig. wanting in HG., in which Krug, ‘pitcher,’ was current at the earliest period.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Krähe

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Krähe | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Krähe, f., ‘crow,’ from the equiv. MidHG. krœ̂e (rare), f. (usually krâ and krâwe, f.), OHG. chrâia, chrâwa, and chrâ, f.; comp. Du. kraai, OSax. krâia, f., AS. crâwe, f., E. crow; a West Teut. word allied to krähen, which was orig. a str. vb. The Scand. term kráka, f., ‘crow,’ cannot be immediately connected with the cognates adduced; it is only very remotely allied.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Kropf

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Kropf | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Kropf, m., from the equiv. MidHG. and OHG. kropf, m., ‘goitre, crop, craw’; corresponding to Du. krop, m., ‘crop, bosom, bow of a ship,’ E. crop (of birds, top, harvest), AS. cropp, which has the special meanings ‘crop, summit, top (of trees), ear (of corn, cluster of grapes’; OIc. kroppr, ‘trunk, body’ (also ‘hump’), is still more remarkable. To these numerous senses, a primary meaning, ‘a round mass in the shape of a ball, a projecting spherical body,’ has been assigned; with this the Rom. loan-words such as Fr. groupe, ‘group, cluster, knot,’ coincide. Goth. *kruppa- might be related to Gr. γρῦπός, ‘curved,’ if ‘crop, excrescence,’ represented the prim. meaning of the group.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Kruke

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Kruke | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Kruke, see Krug (1).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Kruste

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Kruste | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Kruste, f., ‘crust,’ from the rare MidHG. kruste, OHG. crusta, f., ‘crust’; a learned term which has been first naturalised in ModHG. Derived from Lat. crusta, whence also Du. korst, E. crust, as well as Rom. words like Fr. croûte.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Krystall

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Krystall | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Krystall, m., from the equiv. MidHG. kristál, kristálle, m. OHG. krystálla, f., ‘crystal.’ The retention of the Lat. accent (crystállus, m. and f.) preserved the foreign aspect of this merely learned term, which was borrowed at a very early period.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Krone

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Krone | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Krone, f., ‘crown,’ from the equiv. MidHG. krône, krôn; in OHG. corôna (with the foreign accent preserved), from Lat. cŏrôna (the unaccented ŏ disappeared in MidHG.); comp. MidE. corûne, croune, E. crown; in MidDu. the double form crône, krûne, existed, Du. kroon, kruin. Scand. krúna, f. In AS. the term cyne-helm, lit. ‘king's helmet,’ was substituted for Lat. corona of the Biblical texts (just as sceptrum was rendered by cynegerd, lit. ‘king's staff’); in OSax. and OHG. hôƀidband, houbitbant, ‘crown.’ These words show that the Teutons had their own distinctive terms for the royal insignia. With the Lat. name they also borrowed a new idea —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Kruppe

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Kruppe | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Kruppe, f., ‘crupper,’ ModHG. only, borrowed from Fr. croupe, whence E. croup. The Fr. word has been derived from Scand. kryppa, f., ‘hump, excrescence’ (allied to kroppr, ‘hump’). See the following word.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Föhre

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Föhre | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Föhre, f., ‘fir,’ from MidHG. vorhe, OHG. forha, f., ‘pine-tree’; corresponding to AS. furh, f., E. fir (MidE. firre, formed from Dan. fyr), OIc. fura, f., ‘fir’; Goth. *faúrhus, f., is wanting. If the initial f is to be regarded as in vier related to Lat. quattuor, Föhre may be connected with Lat. quercus, ‘oak’; for the change of meaning Eiche and Tanne might be compared. In earlier ModHG. Ferch, ‘oak,’ is also recorded once, and is akin to OHG. vereh-eih, Lomb. fereha, ‘æsculus.’ Thus the connection between Föhre and quercus (pre-Teut. qṛku-) is certain. In any case, Feuer is not a cognate. Fichte, Birke, Buche, Föhre are the few names of trees whose existence can be traced beyond Teut. Comp. also Kiefer.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Fußstapfe

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Fußstapfe | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Fußstapfe, f., ‘footstep, trace,’ from stapfen; often divided wrongly into Fuß-tapfe, which would originate in a verb tapfen for stapfen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Fähndrich

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Fähndrich | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Fähndrich, Fähnrich, ‘cornet, ensign,’ like Gänserich, first formed in ModHG. from the shorter MidHG. word; comp. MidHG. vęnre (the ModHG. d is excrescent, as in schaudern, minder), OHG. faneri, m., ‘standard-bearer.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Fähre

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Fähre | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Fähre, f., from the equiv. MidHG. vęre, vęr, f., n., ‘ferry’; comp. Du. veer (E. ferry is borrowed from OIc. ferja, f., ‘ferry’). Also akin to OHG. farm, MidHG. varm, ‘skiff, ferry,’ and OHG. fęrid, n., ‘navigium'; like Ferge, connected with fahren. See Praam.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Färse

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Färse | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Färse, f. (unknown to UpG.), ‘heifer,’ from MidHG. (MidG. and LG.) vęrse, f.; comp. Du. vaars, ‘heifer’ (likewise vaarkoe, ‘heifer’); in Goth. probably *farsi, gen. farsjôs; E. heifer, from the equiv. AS. heáhfore, heáfre, f., seems to contain Farre, Färse, in the final syllable. The stem farz, fars, does not recur exactly in the cognate languages, yet Gr. πόρις, πόρτις, ‘calf, heifer,’ agree with it in sound; likewise Sans. pṛšatî, ‘white-spotted cow’ (fem. of prat, ‘speckled, spotted’)?.
Färse, see under Farre.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Futteral

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​ Futteral, n., ‘case, lining, sheath,’ ModHG. only, from MidLat. fotrale, a derivative of OHG. fôtar, MidHG. vuoter; comp. Futter.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Föhn

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Föhn | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Föhn, m., a Swiss word, ‘humid and tempestuous south wind’; the corresponding term in MidHG. is wanting, though OHG. fônna, f. (fônno, m.), ‘rainy wind, whirlwind,’ is recorded; from Lat. favonius (the intermediate form is faunio-), whence also Ital. favonio, Rhæto-Rom. favuogn.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Fächer

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​ Fächer, earlier also Fächel, m., ‘fan,’ ModHG. only; the derivation is uncertain; perhaps a diminutive of MidHG. vach, ‘veil.’ Yet the suspicion that the word was borrowed is not unfounded, since MidHG. foche, focher, ‘fan,’ point to Lat. focarius, foculare (from focus). The change of ​a to o may be due to LG. (comp. Aberglaube, Adebar), as in anfachen, from Lat. focare.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Fährte

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​ Fährte, f., ‘track, trail, scent,’ prop. the plur. of MidHG. vart, OHG. fart, ‘track. way, journey, voyage,’ See Fahrt.