OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Budgett, Samuel

​BUDGETT, SAMUEL (1794–1851), merchant, son of a small tradesman, was born at Wrington, Somerset, on 27 July 1794. After moving to one or two of the neighbouring villages his parents, in 1801, took a provision shop in Kingswood, near Bristol. At the end of two years they gave up this business to their eldest son, and took a ‘general’ shop at Coleford. From early childhood Budgett thoroughly enjoyed a bargain, and by the time that he left home in his fifteenth year to be apprenticed to his step-brother at Kingswood he had accumulated 30l. by petty dealings. This sum he gave to his parents. As a lad he was somewhat weakly, and in June 1812, when he had served about half his apprenticeship, his master dismissed him ‘for want of ability.’ He soon obtained another situation, and earnestly sought to improve his education. At the end of his apprenticeship, when he was just twenty-two years of age, he entered into partnership with his brother as a dealer in provisions, and about five years after married Miss Ann Smith of Midsomer Norton, by whom he had four sons and two daughters. He started a wholesale business, and in spite of many discouragements was wonderfully successful. After about twenty years his brother retired from the partnership, and soon afterwards Budgett's place of business at Kingswood, which by that time had become large, was burnt to the ground. This led him to transfer his business to Bristol. He died on 29 April 1851 at the age of fifty-six, having succeeded in founding the greatest house in the provision trade in the west of England. His success was due not merely to his commercial ability, but in at least an equal degree to his invariable uprightness in his dealings. He was a very religious man, and did much for his poor neighbours. For some time before his death he gave fully 2,000l. a year in charity. He belonged to the society of Wesleyan methodists, and contributed largely to its funds. At the same time his charity was not limited by sectarian distinctions.
W. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cole, Thomas (d.1571)

​COLE, THOMAS (d. 1571), divine, a native of Lincolnshire, was educated at King's College, Cambridge, where he graduated B.A. in 1546, and M.A. in 1550. He held the mastership of Maidstone School in 1552, was dean of Sarum during part of the reign of Edward VI, but emigrated to Frankfort on the accession of Mary. There he made the acquaintance of John Knox. He subsequently removed to Geneva. Having returned to England he was presented to the rectory of High Ongar, Essex, in 1559, collated to the archdeaconry of Essex in the ensuing year, and subsequently appointed commissary of the archbishop in the archdeaconries of Essex and Colchester. In 1560 he was also installed in the prebend of Rugmere in the church of St. Paul. He was present at the convocation of 1562 and subscribed the original Thirty-nine Articles and the petition for discipline presented by the lower house. In 1564 he commenced D.D. at Cambridge, and the same year he was presented to the rectory of Stanford Rivers, Essex. He had a repu​tation for eloquence and also for a tendency towards nonconformity. He died in 1571. He published: (1) A sermon preached at Maidstone in Lent, 1553 ; and also (2) A sermon preached before the queen at Windsor in 1564. He had a hand in the framing of the Genevan form of worship. He has been confounded with William Cole (d. 1600) [q. v.], president of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, one of the authors of the Genevan translation of the Bible.
[Le Neve's Fasti Eccl. Angl.ii. 336, 434, 617 n. ; Hasted's Kent, ii. 1 16 ; Newcourt's Rep. pp. 453, 647 ; Strype's Cranmer (fol.), p. 314 ; Mem. (fol.) m.i. 241; Grindal (fol.), p. 36; Annals (fol.) 1. i. 327, 343 ; Ames's Typogr. Antiq. p. 603 ; Knox's Works (Bann. Club), iv. 13, 30, vi. (pt. i.), 85; Zurich Letters (Parker Soc.), i. 242, 256; Machyn's Diary (Camd. Soc.); Cooper's Athenæ Cant.]
J. M. R.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cole, William (d.1701)

​COLE, WILLIAM (d. 1701), naturalist, was surveyor of customs at Bristol, and the owner of an estate at Bradfield, in the parish of Hullavington, Wiltshire, where he died on 30 Aug. 1701. There are in the British Museum (Addit. MSS. 18598, 18599) two folio volumes of letters, chiefly upon subjects of natural history, addressed to him by Sir Robert Southwell, president of the Royal Society and principal secretary for Ireland, and by his eldest son Edward Southwell, with drafts of Cole's letters in reply.
[Aubrey and Jackson's Wiltshire, p. 249; Additions to the MSS. in Brit. Mus. (1848-53), 119.]
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cole, William (1626-1662)

​COLE, WILLIAM (1626–1662), botanist, was born in 1626 at Adderbury, Oxfordshire, being the son of John Cole. He entered New College, Oxford, in 1642, and was soon after made a postmaster of Merton College, by his mother's brother, John French, senior fellow and registrar of the university. He graduated B.A. on 18 Feb. 1650, having become a public notary, and having already devoted much attention to botany. He afterwards resided at Putney, Surrey, 'where he became the most famous simpler or herbalist of his time' (Athenæ Oxon.) He became B.D. and fellow of New College, and in 1660 was made secretary to Duppa, bishop of Winchester, in whose service he died in 1662. His works are: 1. 'The Art of Simpling, or an Introduction to the Knowledge and Gathering of Plants,' London, 1656, pp. 123, 12mo, with which was bound 2. 'Perspicillum Microcosmologicum, or a Prospective for the Discovery of the Lesser World. Wherein Man is in a Compendium, theologically, philosophically, and anatomically described, and compared with the Universe.' 3. 'Adam in Eden, or Nature's Paradise. The History of Plants, Herbs, Flowers, with their several, . . names, whether Greek, Latin, or English, and . . . vertues,' London, 1657, pp. 629, fol. His name, given by Wood, Rose, and others as Cole, appears as Coles on the title-pages of both his works.
[Athena; Oxon. ed. Bliss, 1817, in. col. 621-2.]
G. S. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cole, William (1753-1806)

​COLE, WILLIAM (1753–1806), classical scholar, was born on 8 Dec. 1753 at Mersham in Kent, and received in early life great assistance from a friend of his mother, John Chapman, archdeacon of Sudbury (1704-1784) [q. v.] Chapman sent him first to Ashford school, and afterwards to a private seminary at Bierton, near Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire. In 1766 he was admitted at Eton on the foundation, and in 1773 was made scholar of King's College, Cambridge, and fellow in 1776, proceeding B.A. in 1778, and M.A. in 1781. In 1777 he relurned to Eton as a master, but, having ruptured a blood-vessel while an undergraduate, found himself not strong enough for the post, and resigned it in 1780 on being appointed tutor to George, marquis of Blandford, and Lord Henry Spencer, the sons of the Duke of Marlborough, to whom he became chaplain. To the Marquis of Blandford he dedicated his 'Oratio de Ridiculo,' to which the first of Sir William Browne's medals was awarded; he printed it along with some Latin verse 1780. In 1781 he was inducted to the first portion of the rectory of Waddesdon, Buckinghamshire, on the presentation of the Duke ​of Marlborough, but resigned it in 1788, on being collated to the rectory of Mersham, Kent, by the Archbishop of Canterbury. In 1792 he was installed prebendary of Westminster, and in 1795 received the degree of D.D. by the archbishop's diploma at the archiepiscopal visitation at Canterbury. In 1796 he was presented to the vicarage of Shoreham, Kent, by the dean and chapter of Westminster. In 1795 he married Mary, the second daughter of Sir William Blackstone, but left no issue. Besides the 'Oratio de Ridiculo' Cole was the author of a Latin explanation prefixed to the second volume of the 'Marlborough Gems' privately printed under the auspices of George, duke of Marlborough (Martin, Privately Printed Books, p. 56), and of several sermons. He died on 24 Sept. 1806, and was buried in the north aisle of Westminster Abbey.
[Gent. Mag. 1806, ii. 1072; Lipscomb's Buckinghamshire, i. 497; Hasted's Kent, 2nd ed. iii. 13, vii. 602.]
R. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cole, William (1754-1812)

​COLE, WILLIAM (1754–1812), miscellaneous writer, was the eldest son of the Rev. Denny Cole of Sudbury, and afterwards of Wickham Market, Suffolk. He was educated at Eton, and King's College, Cambridge, where he was elected to a fellowship (B.A. 1780, M.A. 1783). He was afterwards instituted to the vicarage of Broad Chalke in Wiltshire on the presentation of his college. For several years he resided at Yoxford, Suffolk, and had the curacy of Theberton in that neighbourhood, but he subsequently removed to London, where he officiated at a chapel near his residence in Baker Street, Portman Square, where he died in December 1812.
His principal works are: 1. 'A Key to the Psalms; being an easy, concise, and familiar explanation of words, allusions, and sentences in them,' Cambridge, 1788, 8vo. 2. 'To the Feeling Heart. Exalted Affection; or Sophia Pringle; a Poem,' London, 1789, 8vo. 3. 'The Contradiction,' a novel, London, 1796, 12mo.
[Addit. MSS. 19167 f. 64, 19209 f. 164 b; Cat. of Printed Books in Brit. Mus.; Harwood's Alumni Eton. 352.]
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cole, Thomas (1627?-1697)

​COLE, THOMAS (1627?–1697), independent minister, a native of London, was born about 1627. William Cole, his father, was a man of some property, and sent him to Westminster School, whence, in 1646, he was elected student of Christ Church, Oxford. He proceeded B.A. in 1649, and M.A. 8 July 1651, and in 1656 became principal of St. Mary Hall. As a tutor he had ‘some eminent divines’ for pupils, among whom was John Locke. The restoration of Charles II was followed by the ejection of Cole from his position at Oxford. He then opened an academy at Nettlebed, Oxfordshire, and one of those under his charge was Samuel Wesley, the father of the founder of methodism. Samuel Wesley was the son of an ejected minister, but having entered the church, he attacked his former tutor, whose character was cleared by Samuel Palmer in his ‘Vindication of the Dissenters.’ In February 1674 Cole succeeded Philip Nye as minister of the now extinct independent congregation of Silver Street, London. He was also one of the ministers of the merchants' lecture at Pinners' Hall. His church, after leaving Silver Street, met at Tallow Chandlers' Hall, Dowgate Hill, and afterwards at Pinners' Hall, where he preached his last sermon 22 Aug. 1697. Cole is described by Palmer as ‘a man of a most innocent and spotless life in his usual conversation.’ Beyond three sermons in the ‘Morning Exercises,’ 1674, and one in the ‘Casuistical Morning Exercise,’ 1690, his writings are: 1. ‘The old Apostolical Way of Preaching: a funeral sermon for Rev. Edward West,’ London, 1676. 2. ‘Discourses on Regeneration, Faith, and Repentance,’ London, 1689. 3. ‘The Incomprehensibleness of imputed Righteousness for Justification by Human Reason, till enlightened by the Spirit of God,’ London, 1692. 4. ‘Discourses on the Christian Religion,’ London, 1700. A manuscript copy of some of his sermons, including his last, with an account of his deathbed conversation, is described by Wilson, who gives from it an account of his decease, 16 Sept. 1697, in the seventieth year of his age. A copy of verses by him is prefixed to Cartwright's poems in 1653, and there is another in the Oxford collection on the peace in 1654. He is buried in the upper ground of Bunhill Fields, but the precise spot is not known.
[Wilson's History of Dissenting Churches in London, iii. 79–80; Jones's Bunhill Memorials, p. 29; Welch's Alumni West. pp. 125, 126; Wood's Fasti, ii. 120, 166; History and Antiq. iii. 672.]
W. E. A. A.
# Desperate Remedies (Hardy)/Part 12
## XII. THE EVENTS OF TEN MONTHS

    1. DECEMBER TO APRIL
    2. THE THIRD OF MAY
    3. FROM THE FOURTH OF MAY TO THE TWENTY-FIRST OF JUNE
    4. FROM THE TWENTY-FIRST OF JUNE TO THE END OF JULY
    5. FROM THE FIRST TO THE TWENTY-SEVENTH OF AUGUST
    6. THE TWENTY-SEVENTH OF AUGUST
    7. THE EARLY PART OF SEPTEMBER
    8. THE TENTH OF SEPTEMBER
    9. THE ELEVENTH OF SEPTEMBER
# Diary of ten years eventful life of an early settler in Western Australia and also A descriptive vocabulary of the language of the aborigines/A descriptive vocabulary of the language in common use amongst the aborigines of Western Australia/Part 2/Z

Z.
Zamia tree; Encephalartos Spiralis—Djiriji.
​Zamia tree, species of, growing near the coast—Kundăgor.
Zamia tree, fruit of—By-yu; Tdongan.
Zamia tree, stone of—Gargoin.
Zamia tree, kernel of—D-yundo; Wida.
Zamia tree, nut of, a species of—Kwinin.
THE END.
# Diary of ten years eventful life of an early settler in Western Australia and also A descriptive vocabulary of the language of the aborigines/A descriptive vocabulary of the language in common use amongst the aborigines of Western Australia/Part 2/X

X.
Xanthorrhæa; colonially, grass-tree or black boy.
Xanthorrhæa arborea—Balga.
Xanthorrhæa arborea, species of—Băllăk; Galgoyl; Yăngo; Tdudtin.
Xanthorrhæa arborea, tough-topped—Barro.
Xanthorrhæa arborea, underground—Burărăp; Mimidi.
Xanthorrhæa, leaves of—Mindar.
Xanthorrhæa, stem of the flower—Waljăp.
# Diary of ten years eventful life of an early settler in Western Australia and also A descriptive vocabulary of the language of the aborigines/A native karobberee

A NATIVE KAROBBEREE.
To the tune of "Bachelor's fare."
———o———
Come, I'll describe you a native Karobberee:—  Fancy some hundred or two group'd around, All determin'd to kick up a bobbery,  See in the middle that space of clear ground; See the young men prepare feathers—stuck in their hair,  Breasts ornamented with figures in chalk;  Look how their heads are all plaster'd with red,  How they brandish their spears, and they strut in their walk.  Fol-de-rol, lol-de-rol, fol-de-rol, lol-de-rol,  Fol-de-rol, lol-de-rol, fol-de-rol, lay.
Thus, it may be said, they're a fine white and red,  As they stand painted like so many celts; Look how their bodies all glisten and shine with oil,  Their hammers all stuck in their fur-twisted belts; Look at those men about, keeping a sharp look out  After their wives, for some have two or three; Each wife has a bag on, but no other rag on  Except a short cloak, reaching scarce to her knee.  Fol-de-rol, &c.
Now they ply their heels, dancing in rounds and reels,  Fierce as if going to fight for their dear lives, While the bye standers, more brave than highlanders,  Beat time on their throwing-boards with their quartz knives. With their hegha and hegha, and hogha and hogha,  They grunt out and snort out their horrible tune; Oh, how they dance it and round about prance it,  And make the dust fly in the light of the moon.  Fol-de-rol, &c.
There are old men and young men, and short men and tall men,  And women and children, and hobble-de-hoys, While all the young lasses, as each dancer passes,  Keep stealing a peep at their favourite boys; Then come sly glances, and little advances,  For dark though their skin is, their eye-beams are bright; But lest you should tell us the ladies grow jealous,  Their dance being done now, we'll wish them good night.  Fol-de-rol, &c.
# Diary of ten years eventful life of an early settler in Western Australia and also A descriptive vocabulary of the language of the aborigines/A descriptive vocabulary of the language in common use amongst the aborigines of Western Australia/Part 2/U

U.
Unable from any cause to do what may be required—Mordibăng.
Unanimous—Gurdu gyn-yul.
Uncle—Kangun.
Unconnected, unrelated—Nanning
Uncooked meat—Dal-yar.
Uncovered—Baljarra.
Underneath—Yendun.
Understand, to—Kattidj.
Understand, not to—Kattidjburt; Kaddung.
Uneven—Dardun; Bulgangar.
Unfasten, to—Began.
Ungainly Wal-yadi.
Unintelligible—Bilgitti.
Unintentionally—Balluk.
Unknown, strange—Mogang; Boyăng
Unloose, to—Bil-yan; Began.
Unlucky in the chase—Marralak; Mallaluk.
Unsteady—Binbart binbart; Ngarrăk ngarrăk.
Unwell—Mendyk; Ngandyn; Bidibabba; Mindyt.
Up, upwards—Irak.
Up, get up—Irap.
Upright—Ira.
Upside down—Mudjărdo.
Us-Ngannil.
Used to—Malyn.
Useless—Djul; Windo; Windang.
# Diary of ten years eventful life of an early settler in Western Australia and also A descriptive vocabulary of the language of the aborigines/A descriptive vocabulary of the language in common use amongst the aborigines of Western Australia/Part 2/V

V.
Vain, proud—Wumbubin.
Vain, in vain—Murdo.
Valley, a—Wedin; Burdăk.
Varnish, to, with gum—Yul-yăng.
Vegetable food—Maryn.
Vegetation—Jilba; Bobo.
Vein—Bidi.
Venus, the planet—Julagoling.
Vermin—Kolo.
Very, super, affix—Jil; as Gwabba, good; Gwabbajil, very good.
Voice—Kowa? Mya.
Void, to, the excrement—Konang; Kona; Nujan.
Vomit, to—Kăndang.
# Diary of ten years eventful life of an early settler in Western Australia and also A descriptive vocabulary of the language of the aborigines/A descriptive vocabulary of the language in common use amongst the aborigines of Western Australia/Part 2/Y

Y
Yawn, to—Dtawăng.
Ye—Nyurang.
Ye two, brother and sister, parent and child—Nyubal.
Ye two, man and wife—Nyubin.
Yellow—Yundo.
Yellow, bright yellow—Kallăma.
Yellow, dark yellow—Ngilat
Yes—I-i ; projecting the chin forward, and keeping the mouth nearly shut, when uttering this guttural sound—Kwa; Ky; Koa; Kya.
Yesterday—Marh-rok.
Yet—Yalga.
Yolk of an egg—Natdjing.
You—N-yurang.
You will—N-yundu; N-yundul.
Young—Yyinăng.
Young of anything—Nuba; Nopyn (Mountain word).
Younger (middle) sister—Kowat.
Younger (middle) brother—Kardijit; Kardang.
Yours—Ngunallăng; N-yurangăk; N-yunalak.
Youth, young man—Gulambiddi.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cooper, John Gilbert

​COOPER, JOHN GILBERT (1723–1769), poet and miscellaneous writer, was descended from an ancient family of Notting​hamshire, which was impoverished on account of its loyalty during the time of Charles I. His father possessed Thurgarton Priory, granted to one of his ancestors by Henry VIII, and here the son was born in 1723. He was educated at Westminster School, and in 1743 entered Trinity College, Cambridge, but quitted it on his marriage to Miss Wright, daughter of Sir Nathan Wright, the recorder of Leicester, without taking a degree. In 1745 he published the ‘Power of Harmony,’ in two books, in which he promulgated that attention to what was beautiful and perfect in nature was the best means to harmonise the soul. The style is modelled on that of the author of the ‘Characteristics’ [see Cooper, Anthony Ashley, third earl of Shaftesbury], of whom he was an enthusiastic disciple. Under the name of ‘Philaretes’ Cooper became one of the chief contributors to Dodsley's ‘Museum,’ started in 1746. In 1749 he wrote a Latin epitaph on the death of his son, who expired the same day that he was born. The epitaph, a very affected piece of composition, appeared in the ‘Gentleman's Magazine’ for 1778, p. 486, accompanied with a poetical English translation. In 1749 Cooper published a ‘Life of Socrates,’ with an edition of his writings collected from all the ancient authorities. For this work he received notes from John Jackson, an opponent of Warburton, who took care to handle the conclusions of Warburton with some severity. Warburton replied in a note to his edition of Pope (ed. 1751, i. 151), characterising the attack as ‘ignorant abuse, the offspring of ignorance.’ To this Cooper replied in ‘Cursory Remarks on Warburton's edition of Pope,’ asserting that he attacked him as an author and not as a man. In 1754 he published ‘Letters on Taste,’ which received a high encomium from Johnson. In 1755 he published ‘The Tomb of Shakespeare, a Vision,’ and in the following year, in the ‘Genius of Britain,’ denounced the proposal to bring Hessian troops to defend the kingdom. In 1758 he published ‘Epistles to the Great from Aristippus in retirement,’ which was soon afterwards followed by the ‘Call of Aristippus, Epistle IV. to Mark Akenside, M.D.’ In 1759 he published a translation of Gresset's ‘Vert-Vert,’ which was reprinted in the ‘Repository’ in 1777. In 1764 Dodsley published those of his poems which had appeared in the ‘Museum,’ and in Dodsley's collections, the title being ‘Poems on several subjects.’ He died at Mayfair, London, in April 1769.
[Biog. Brit. (Kippis), iv. 262–6; Chalmers's Biog. Dict. x. 226–30; Nichols's Lit. Anecd. i. 130–1, ii. 294–7, 379, v. 602–3; Johnson's Lives of the Poets; Thoroton's Nottinghamshire.]
T. F. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cooper, Daniel

​COOPER, DANIEL (1817?–1842), naturalist, was born about 1817, being the second son of John Thomas Cooper, the chemist. He was educated for the medical profession, and while still a lad showed great love of natural history, particularly botany and conchology. He took an active part in establishing the Botanical Society of London, of which he became first curator, his duties being to receive and distribute the dried plants among the members. At this time he was an assistant in the zoological department of the British Museum, but had employed his leisure hours in compiling his ‘Flora Metropolitana,’ much being due to his own observations. This work contains a list of the land and fresh water shells round London, which was also separately issued. The next year, 1837, a supplement to his ‘Flora’ was published, the wrapper containing announcements of his botanical classes and sets of his shells, to be had at his address, 82 Blackfriars Road. In 1840 he exhibited some ferns from Settle, Yorkshire, at the Linnean Society, of which society he was an associate. With Mr. Busk he began the ‘Microscopic Journal,’ and edited a new edition of Bingley's ‘Useful Knowledge.’
Shortly after this he gave up lecturing on botany and entered the army at Chatham; then being attached to the 17th lancers, he joined his regiment at Leeds as assistant-surgeon, but died two months afterwards, 24 Nov. 1842, at the early age of twenty-five. He was buried with military honours at Quarry Hill cemetery, Leeds.
[Proc. Linn. Soc. i. 52, 173; Gent. Mag. new ser. xix. (1843), 108; Roy. Soc. Cat. Sci. Papers, ii. 41.]
B. D. J.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cooper, Edward (d.1725?)

​COOPER, or COWPER, EDWARD (d. 1725?), printseller, carried on the leading business in London from the time of James II to nearly the close of the reign of George I. His name as vendor is to be found on a great number of mezzotints, and this may have led to the belief that he was an actual engraver. He issued many ​important prints by Faithorne, Lens, Pelham, Simon (later period), Smith (earlier period), Williams, and others. He lived at the Three Pigeons in Bedford Street, Covent Garden, and probably died about the beginning of 1725, as an advertisement in the ‘Daily Post’ of April in that year announced the sale of his household goods and stock-in-trade. Bowles and other publishers purchased some of his plates, and issued inferior impressions from them. There are mezzotint portraits of Cooper by P. Pelham, after J. Vander Vaart, dated 1724, of his son John (a child), of Priscilla (wife or daughter), and of Elizabeth (a young daughter).
[J. C. Smith's British Mezzotinto Portraits, pp. 144, 463, 969, 1078, 1683; Granger's Biogr. Hist. 1824, v. 346, 399; Noble's Biogr. Hist. iii. 428, 451; Strutt's Biogr. Dict. i. 215; Bromley's Catalogue; Walpole's Cat. of Engravers (Dallaway), v. 207.]
H. R. T.