OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/O'Farrelly, Feardorcha

​O'FARRELLY, FEARDORCHA (fl. 1736), Irish poet, belonged to a family, of whom one member was abbot of Drumlane, co. Cavan, in 1025, and another canon of Drumlane in 1484. They had long been settled on the shores of the lake of Mullagh, co. Cavan, and Feardorcha was born in the village of Mullagh. He was son of John O'Farrelly, son of Feidlimidh O'Farrelly, and was brought up in a literary house, for his father wrote 'Seanchas an dá Bhreifne' ('The history of the two Brefnys'), most of which his mother burnt in anger because the book deprived her of her husband's society. He wrote a poem on this incident and several others. Feardorcha was intended for the church, but, according to local tradition, was excluded owing to some sacrilegious act of his family in the war of 1641. He became a farmer, and lived all his life in his native district, where he enjoyed the friendship of Cathaoir MacCabe [q. v.], of Torlogh O'Carolan [q. v.] the harper, and other men of ​letters who flourished in that district early in the last century. He wrote a poem in Irish in praise of William Peppard of Kingscourt, of which there is a copy in the Cambridge University Library, made by Peter Galligan on 19 Dec. 1827; 'Beir beannacht uaim sios go baile na ccraobh' ('A blessing from me on Ballynacroe'); 'Suibhal me cuig coige na Fodla' ('I walk the five provinces of Ireland'); 'Bhidh me lá deas ('I was one fine day'); and others preserved in the manuscript books which formed the chief literature of farmhouses in Meath and Cavan in the last century. He was often entertained by the Mortimers of Cloghwallybeg and their kin, the chief landowners of the district.
[Works; Transactions of the Iberno-Celtic Society, Dublin, 1820; local information.]
N. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/O'Ferrall, Richard More

​O'FERRALL, RICHARD MORE (1797–1880), governor of Malta, born in 1797 at Balvna, co. Kildare—the ancient seat of his race—was eldest son of Ambrose O'Ferrall (1752–1835), by his first wife, Anne, daughter of John Bagot. Unlike his brother John Lewis More, afterwards commissioner of police (d. 1881), he declined, as a conscientious catholic, to enter the protestant university of Dublin. From an early age he joined in the struggle in Ireland for civil and religious liberty, and long corresponded with James Warren Doyle [q. v.], the patriot-prelate of Kildare. After the Catholic Relief Bill passed in 1828, he became in 1831 member of parliament for Kildare, his native county, which he represented without interruption for seventeen years (1830–46), and afterwards for six years (1859–65). He also sat for a short time in 1850–1 for co. Longford, in which his family held property. He supported Daniel O'Connell, who wrote to his confidential friend P.V. Fitzpatrick, on 3 June 1834: ‘I do not believe that More O'Ferrall will accept office.’ In this opinion, however, the Liberator was wrong. In 1835, under the Melbourne administration, O'Ferrall became a lord of the treasury; in 1839 secretary to the admiralty, and in 1841 secretary to the treasury. On 1 Oct. 1847 he severed his connection with Kildare to assume the governorship of Malta. On 22 Nov. 1847 he was made a privy councillor. He resigned the governorship of Malta in 1851, on the ground that he declined to serve under Lord John Russell, the prime minister, who in that year carried into law the Ecclesiastical Titles Bill, in opposition to the papal bull which created a catholic hierarchy in England.
O'Ferrall died at Kingstown, near Dublin, at the age of eighty-three, on 27 Oct. 1880. He had been a magistrate, grand juror, and deputy-lieutenant for his native county, and at his death was the oldest member of the Irish privy council. He married, on 28 Sept. 1839, Matilda (d. 1882), second daughter of Thomas Anthony, third viscount Southwell, K.P. By her he left a son, Ambrose, and a daughter, Maria Anne, who married in 1860 Sir Walter Nugent, bart., of Donore, co. Westmeath.
[Life, Times, and Correspondence of Bishop Doyle; Private Correspondence of Daniel O'Connell; Leinster Leader, 30 Oct. 1880; Burke's Landed Gentry, ii. 1516; Lingard's England, with marginal notes in manuscript by Bishop Doyle; personal knowledge.]
W. J. F.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/O'Glacan, Nial

​O'GLACAN, NIAL (fl. 1629–1655), physician, was a native of Donegal, and received some medical education in Ireland, probably (Preface to Tractatus de Peste) from a physician of one of the hereditary medical families [see MacDonlevy], thus learning the work of an apothecary and a surgeon, as well as the Galenical knowledge necessary for a physician. In 1628 he treated patients in an epidemic of plague in the towns of Figeac, Fons, Capdenac, Cajarc, Rovergue, and Floyeac, between Clermont and Toulouse. He was encouraged in his work by the Bishop of Cahors; and when the epidemic appeared in Toulouse he went thither, and was appointed to the charge of the xenodochium pestiferorum, or hospital for those sick of the plague. In May 1629, while residing in the hospital, he published ‘Tractatus de Peste seu brevis facilis et experta methodus curandi pestem authore Magistro Nellano Glacan Hiberno apud Tolosates pestiferorum pro tempore medico.’ It was printed by Raymond Colomerius, the university printer, and is dedicated to Giles de Masuyer, viscomte d'Ambrières. In the preface he speaks of the fame of Ireland for learning in ancient times, and he notices the credit of the Irish physicians. The work itself is a piece of formal medicine, without cases or other observations of interest.
O'Glacan remained in Toulouse, was appointed physician to the king, and became professor of medicine in the university. In 1646 he still describes himself as a professor at Toulouse, but in that year removed to Bologna, where he also gave lectures, and published ‘Cursus medicus, Prima pars: Physiologica,’ in six books. The second part, ‘Pathologica,’ in three books, and the third part, ‘Semeiotica,’ in four books, were published at Bologna in 1655. Part i. has two curious prefaces, one ‘lectori benevolo,’ the other ‘lectori malevolo.’ Commendatory verses are prefixed, and among those of part ii. are some by Gregory Fallon, a Connaughtman, who was at Bologna, and by another countryman, the Rev. Philip Roche, S.J. Fallon says that O'Glacan is in Italy what Fuchsius was in Germany. The ‘Cursus’ begins with a discussion of the utility of medicine, of its nature, and of the several schools of medical thought, and then proceeds to lay down the whole system of the Galenists, without additions from modern practice. In 1648 he edited, with the Bishop of Ferns and Sir Nicholas Plunket, ‘Regni Hiberniæ ad sanctissimum Innocentem X Pont. Max. Pyramides encomiasticæ,’ a series of laudatory poems in Latin addressed to the pope. The preface is by O'Glacan, and he mentions as his friends in Italy Francis O'Molloy [q. v.], the author of ‘Lucerna Fidelium;’ Peter Talbot, Gerard O'Fearail, and John O'Fahy. The only other ascertained incident of his life is that he visited Rome.
[Works; Codex Medicamentarius seu Pharmacopœa Tolossus, Toulouse. 1648.]
N. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/O'Gorman Mahon

​O'GORMAN MAHON, The (1800–1891), politician. [See Mahon, Charles James Patrick]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Moulin, Lewis du

​MOULIN, LEWIS de (1606–1680), nonconformist controversialist, son of Pierre du Moulin [q. v.] and brother of Peter du Moulin [q. v.], was born at Paris on 25 Oct. 1606. He studied medicine at Leyden, taking the degree of M.D., and graduating also at Cambridge in 1634 and at Oxford in 1649. Becoming licentiate in 1640 of the London College of Physicians, he probably practised at Oxford, where in September 1648, as ‘a person of piety and learning,’ he was appointed Camden professor of ancient history in the place of Robert Waring, ejected as a royalist. In 1652 he published his inaugural lecture. Ousted in his turn at the Restoration, Du Moulin retired to Westminster. Wood calls him ‘a fiery, violent, and hot-headed independent, a cross and ill-natured man,’ but on his deathbed, in the presence of Bishop Burnet, he retracted his virulent attacks on Anglican theologians. This retractation was published, under the title of ‘Last Words,’ after his death, which took place at Westminster, 20 Oct. 1680. He was buried at St. Paul's, Covent Garden. Between 1637 and his death he had published upwards of twenty works, the chief of which are:
* ‘The Power of the Christian Magistrate,’ London, 1650, 16mo.
* ‘Proposals and Reasons … presented to the Parliament,’ London, 1659, 4to.
* ‘L. Molinæi Morum Exemplar,’ 1662, 12mo.
* ‘Les Démarches de l'Angleterre vers Rome,’ 1679, 12mo.
* ‘Considerations et ouvertures sur l'estat présent des affaires de l'Angleterre,’ 1679, 12mo.
* ‘An Appeal of all the Non-conformists in England,’ 1681, 4to.
The last work was attacked by Jean Daillé in ‘A Lively Picture of Lewis du Moulin;’ Moulin retorted in ‘A Sober Reply,’ and was also defended by Richard Baxter [q. v.] in ‘A Second True Defence of Nonconformists,’ 1681, 4to. Moulin also wrote under the pseudonyms ‘Christianus Alethocritus,’ ‘Colvinus Ludiomæus,’ and ‘Irenæus Philadelphus.’ One of his last works was ‘Moral Reflections upon the Number of the Elect, proving plainly from Scripture evidence, &c., that not one in a hundred (nay, not probably one in a million), from Adam down to our time, shall be saved,’ London, 1680, 16mo. In the Harleian MS. 3520, fol. 5, British Museum, is an unpublished manuscript by him entitled ‘New Light for the Composition of Church History.’
[Album Studiosorum Lugdunæ, the Hague, 1875; Haag's La France Protestante; Wood's Athenæ Oxon.; Munk's Coll. of Phys., London, 1878; Agnew's Protestant Exiles from France, 1886; Reg. of Visitors of Oxford, p. 492 (Camd. Soc.), 1881; Brit. Mus. Cat.]
J. G. A.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Moulin, Peter du

​MOULIN, PETER du (1601–1684), Anglican divine, son of Pierre du Moulin [q. v.], was born at Paris on 24 April 1601. After studying at Sedan and Leyden, he repaired to Cambridge, where he received the degree of D.D. About 1625, after an imprisonment at Dunkirk, he was appointed to the living (refused by his father) of St. John's, Chester, but there is no trace in the church books of his having resided there. In 1640, however, on becoming D.D. at Leyden, he described himself as holding that benefice. Wood could not ascertain whether he held any English preferment prior to the civil war, but he was rector of Witherley, Leicestershire, in 1633, and of Wheldrake, Yorkshire, in 1641. During the civil war he was first in Ireland as tutor in the Boyle family, and was next tutor at Oxford to Richard Boyle and Lord Dungarvan, frequently preaching at St. Peter-in-the-East. He was rector of Adisham, Kent, from 1646 (with a short intermission in 1660 on the ​reinstatement of Dr. Oliver) till his death. He sided, like his father, with the royalists, and wrote the scurrilous reply to Milton, 'Regii Sanguinis Clamor,' mistakenly attributed to Alexander More [q. v.] Du Moulin concealed his authorship, was consequently unmolested, and was even in 1656 made D.D. at Oxford, then under puritan sway. At the Restoration he was rewarded by a chaplaincy to Charles II and by succeeding to his father's prebend at Canterbury. He took up his residence there, died 10 Oct. 1684, and was buried in the cathedral. He published 'A Treatise of Peace and Contentment of the Soul,' London, 1657, and about twenty other works in English, French, and Latin. Wood styles him 'an honest, zealous Calvinist.' By his marriage in 1633 with Anne, daughter of Matthew Claver of Foscott, Buckinghamshire, he had a son Lewis, grandfather of Peter du Moulin, one of Frederick II's best generals. Peter's brother, Cyrus, was for a time French pastor at Canterbury.
[Life in Lansdowne MS. 987, fol. 44, Brit. Mus.; Wood's Athenæ Oxon.; Dart's Canterbury, 1726, p. 200; Album Studiosorum Lugdunæ, the Hague, 1875; Agnew's Protestant Exiles from France, 1886; Haag's La France Protestante; Foster's Alumni Oxon. and London Marriage Licences; Archæologia Cantiana, 1882–3.]
J. G. A.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Mottram, Charles

​MOTTRAM, CHARLES (1807–1876), engraver, born on 9 April 1807, worked in line, in mezzotint, and in the mixed style. His principal plates in the line manner were 'The Rescue,' 'Uncle Tom and his Wife for Sale,' and 'The Challenge,' after Sir Edwin Landseer, R.A. ; 'Boeufs Bretons,' after Eosa Bonheur ; and 'Duck Hunting,' after Friedrich Wilhelm Keyl. Among his mezzotint plates were 'The Morning before the Battle' and 'The Evening after the Battle,' after Thomas Jones Barker; 'Les Longs Eochers de Fontainebleau,' after Eosa Bonheur : 'Pilgrim Exiles' and 'The Belated Traveller,' after George Henry Boughton, A.E.A. ; 'The Shadow of the Cross,' after Philip Richard Morris, A.R. A. ; 'Pride and Humility,' after George Cole ; and 'The Ashdown Coursing Meeting,' after Stephen Pearce. His plates in the mixed style were the most numerous, and included 'The Scape Goat,' after William Holman Hunt; 'The Highland Shepherd's Home' and 'The Stag at Bay' (the smallest plate), after Sir Edwin Landseer ; 'The Last Judgment,' 'The Plains of Heaven,' and 'The Great Day of Wrath,' after John Martin ; 'Jerusalem in her Grandeur' and 'Jerusalem in her Fall,' after Henry C. Selous ; 'The Straits of Ballachulish ' and 'A Scottish Raid,' after Rosa Bonheur ; 'The Two Farewells,' after George H. Boughton; 'Corn Thrashing in Hungary,' after Otto von Thoren ; ' Crossing a Highland Loch,' after Jacob Thomson ; 'Abandoned' and 'In Danger,' a pair after Adolf Schreyer; 'A Charming Incident,' after Charles W. Nicholls, R.H.A.; and 'Out all Night,' after J. H. Beard. He engraved also several plates after Sir Edwin Landseer for the series of 'Her Majesty's Pets,' and a few portraits, one of which was a whole-length in mezzotint of Lord Napier of Magdala, after Sir Francis Grant, P.R.A.
Mottram's works were exhibited occasionally at the Royal Academy between 1861 and 1877. He died at 92 High Street, Camden Town, London, on 30 Aug. 1876.
[Royal Academy Exhibition Catalogues, 1861-1877 ; private information.]
R. E. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hardy, Samuel

​HARDY, SAMUEL (1636–1691), nonconformist minister, was born at Frampton, Dorsetshire, in 1636. He matriculated at Wadham College, Oxford, 1 April 1656, and graduated B.A. on 14 Oct. 1659 (Gardiner, Wadham Registers, pt. i. p. 215). At the Restoration he was dismissed from his college for not taking the requisite oaths. Returning to his native county, he became chaplain in the family of the Trenchards, preaching at Charminster, Dorsetshire, a peculiar belonging to that family, exempt from episcopal jurisdiction and requiring no institution. Here he remained after the Uniformity Act of 1662, refusing institution, and supported in his refusal by his patron, Thomas Trenchard, who vowed to turn him out if he complied. He did, however, use 'a little conformity,' namely, 'reading the scripture sentences, the creed, commandments, lessons, prayer for the king, and some few other things.' In 1667 he moved to Poole, Dorsetshire, also a peculiar, on the invitation of the parishioners, and conducted the service as at Charminster. He acquired great influence at Poole, and seems to have been a man of tact and strength of purpose. As an instance of his philanthropy, it is mentioned that he collected while at Poole ​ nearly 500l. for ransoming captives from slavery. He remained at Poole till 1682, when a royal commission was appointed to deal with his case. Three bishops were placed on the commission, but they declined to act lest it should prejudice the authority of their own courts. On 23 Aug. 1682 Hardy was ejected for not wearing the surplice and omitting the cross in baptism. He removed to Baddesley, Hampshire, and there remained more than two years; but his nonconformity led him into trouble, and he ceased to officiate in public. In 1685-7 he was chaplain in the Heal family at Abury Hatch, Essex. He retired to Newbury, Berkshire, in 1688, and died there on 6 March 1691, in his fifty-fourth year, according to Calamy, but 1636 is given as the date of his birth by Palmer, on the authority of Hutchins.
He published, with his initials: 1. 'The Guide to Heaven;' second part, with title 'The Second Guide to Heaven,' 1687, 8vo. Calamy speaks of it as 'suppos'd to be his,' and says it originally bore the title 'News from the Dead,' meaning 'the civilly dead nonconformists;' he questions' whether any one book has been oftner printed or done more good than that little homely book.' 2. 'Advice to Scattered Flocks,' 8vo (Calamy).
A. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hardyman, Lucius Ferdinand

​HARDYMAN, LUCIUS FERDINAND (1771–1834), rear-admiral, was son of Thomas Hardyman, a captain in the army (1736-1814). His six brothers were all in the army, and three attained the rank of general. He entered the navy in 1781 on board the Repulse, with Captain Dumaresque, and in her was present in the battle of Dominica, 12 April 1782. In June he followed Dumaresque to the Alfred, and returned to England in 1783. From 1791 to 1794 he was serving on board the Siren, with Captains Manley and Graham Moore. On 5 March 1795 he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant, and appointed to the Sibylle under the command of Captain Edward Cooke [q. v.] He was first lieutenant of the Sibylle when, on the night of 28 Feb.-l March 1799, she engaged the French frigate Forte, and succeeded to the command when Cooke was carried below mortally wounded. He conducted the action to a victorious issue, and was immediately afterwards promoted by Vice-admiral Rainier to command the prize. From the East India Company, and from the insurance companies of Calcutta and Madras, he received three swords of honour. On 27 Jan. 1800 he was advanced to post rank, and continued to command the Forte on the East India station till, on 29 Jan. 1801, she struck on an unknown rock as she was going into the harbour of Jeddah, and became a total wreck. Hardyman was acquitted of all blame, but the master of the flagship, who was piloting her in, was sentenced to lose twelve months' seniority. In 1803 Hardyman commissioned the Unicorn frigate, which he commanded in 1805 on the West India station; in 1807 in the expedition against Monte Video under Sir Charles Stirling (James, Naval Hist. ed. 1860, iv. 279); and in 1809 in the Bay of Biscay under Lord Gambier, and was present at the destruction of the French ships in Basque Roads on 11 April, when the Unicorn was one of the few ships actively engaged [see Cochrane, Thomas, tenth Earl of Dundonald]. He was afterwards transferred to the Armide frigate, which he commanded on the coast of France till the peace. In 1815 he was made a C.B.; commanded the Ocean from 1823 to 1825 as flag-captain to Lord Amelius Beauclerk [q. v.]; became a rear-admiral on 22 July 1830, and died in London on 17 April 1834. He married, in 1810, Charlotte, daughter of Mr. John Travers, a director of the East India Company [cf. Brown, William, d. 1814], by whom he had one son, Lucius Heywood Hardyman, lieutenant 5th Bengal cavalry, killed in the retreat from Cabul in January 1842 ; he had also three daughters, of whom two are still living. Mrs. Hardyman died, in her ninety-third year, in 1872.
[Marshall's Roy. Nav. Biog. iii. (vol. ii.) 245; United Service Journal, 1834, pt. ii. p. 218; Gent. Mag. 1834, pt. ii. 211; information from the family.]
J. K. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hardy, Thomas (1748-1798)

​HARDY or HARDIE, THOMAS (1748–1798), Scottish divine, son of the Rev. Henry Hardy, minister of Culross, Fifeshire, and Ann Halkerston, was educated at the university of Edinburgh. Licensed as a preacher in 1772 he soon obtained the parish of Ballingry, Fifeshire. In 1782, at a time when the chronic controversy in the church of Scotland concerning patronage was running high, Hardy published a pamphlet entitled Principles of Moderation, addressed to the Clergy of the popular interest in the Church of Scotland,' with a view to uniting the two parties in the church. Admitting the unpopularity of patronage, and confessing that 'either the Act of Queen Anne (1712) or the church of Scotland must go,' he urged that in the meanwhile patronage was the law, and must be maintained by the church till it was altered by act of parliament, and advised that both parties should unite in demanding from parliament the repeal of Queen Anne's Act, and the substitution for the single patron of a committee of each parish, the patron, a delegate from the heritors (landowners), and a delegate from the kirk session. In 1842, on the eve of 'the disruption,' the pamphlet was reprinted. In 1783 Hardy was called to be a colleague of Dr. Hugh Blair [q. v.] in the High Church, Edinburgh, whence in 1786 he was translated to the New North Church (now West St. Giles'). In conjunction with this living he held the chair of church history in the university of Edinburgh. Cumming, his predecessor in the chair, had never lectured, but Hardy, besides being an elegant preacher, was a good lecturer, and his class was one of the best attended in the university. He was moderator of the general assembly of 1793, chaplain to the king, and dean of the Chapel Royal 1794. He died 21 Nov. 1798. Hardy was twice married, and left children by both wives. A portrait of him. is given in Kay's 'Portraits.' Besides his 'Principles of Moderation' Hardy published 'A Plan for the Augmentation of Stipends,' 1793, 'The Patriot,' 1793, and six single sermons.
[Scott's Fasti, i. 68; Cunningham's Church Hist, of Scotland; Bower and Grant's Histories of Edinburgh University; Kay's Edinburgh Portraits, &c.]
J. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Monck, Mary

​MONCK, MARY (d. 1715), poetess, was the second daughter of Robert Molesworth, first viscount Molesworth [q. v.], by Letitia, third daughter of Richard, lord Colooney, and sister of Richard, earl of Bellamont. She became the first wife of George Monck of St. Stephen's Green, Dublin, and died at Bath in 1715.
By her own application she acquired a knowledge of the Latin, Italian, and Spanish languages, and read much English literature. Some poems by her appeared shortly after her death under the title of 'Marinda. Poems and Translations upon several occasions,' London, 1716, 8vo. A long and fulsome dedication to Carolina, princess of Wales, was prefixed by her father, Lord Molesworth. On her deathbed she wrote some very affecting verses to her husband, which are not included in her works, but which were printed in Barber's collection of 'Poems by Eminent Ladies' (London, 1755, 12mo), ii. 195.
[Ballard's Memoirs of Ladies, 1775, p. 288; Cibber's Lives of the Poets, iii. 201; Hist. Reg. 1726, Chronology, p. 31; Jacob's Lives of the Poets, 1720, ii. 106; Lodge's Peerage of Ireland (Archdall), iii. 138, 140 n.; Ware's Writers of Ireland (Harris), p. 287.]
T. C.