OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# United States v. Pabst Brewing Company/Concurrence Fortas

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
* Concurring Opinions Douglas White Fortas
United States Supreme Court
384 U.S. 546
United States v. Pabst Brewing Company
Argued: April 27, 1966. --- Decided: June 13, 1966
Mr. Justice FORTAS, concurring in the result.
The District Court clearly erred in dismissing the complaint. There is ample proof that the effect of this acquisition may be substantially to lessen competition in the production and sale of beer in well-defined sections of the country. But I cannot join the Court's opinion because contrary to the statements in that opinion, I believe that, in § 7 cases, it is the Government's duty, as plaintiff, to prove the 'market' or the 'section of the country' in which the claimed effect of the acquisition is manifest. This is an important, even essential, element of the judgment which must be made in a § 7 case. This Court has consistently recognized this. See, e.g., Brown Shoe Co. v. United States, 370 U.S. 294, 82 S.Ct. 1502; United States v. Philadelphia Nat. Bank, 374 U.S. 321, 355-362, 83 S.Ct. 1715, 1739. It is true that the search for the relevant market is frequently complicated and elaborated beyond reason or need-sometimes for purposes of delay or obstruction. But the search is nevertheless essential. It is not a snipe hunt.
In some situations, arithmetic as to the merging companies' aggregate volume of sales of the commodity involved may be impressive. Sometimes, the resulting size of the conjoined companies is great. But unless it can be shown that the effect may be 'substantially to lessen competition, or to tend to create a monopoly' in a specific section of the country, courts are not authorized to condemn the acquisition. Congress has been specific in at least this respect, and I cannot agree that this standard should be denigrated. Unless both the product and the geographical market are carefully defined, neither analysis nor result in antitrust is likely to be of acceptable quality. Compare majority and dissenting opinions in United States v. Grinnell Corp., 384 U.S. 563, 86 S.Ct. 1698, 16 L.Ed.2d 778 (involving §§ 1 and 2 of the Sherman Act).

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
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# United States v. Pabst Brewing Company/Concurrence White

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
* Concurring Opinions Douglas White Fortas
United States Supreme Court
384 U.S. 546
United States v. Pabst Brewing Company
Argued: April 27, 1966. --- Decided: June 13, 1966
Mr. Justice WHITE, concurring.
I join the Court's opinion insofar as it holds the merger of Pabst and Blatz may substantially lessen competition in the beer industry in the Nation as a whole.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# United States Statutes at Large/Volume 4/20th Congress/1st Session/Chapter 97

Chap. XCVII.—An Act to enable the President of the United States to hold a treaty with the Chippewas, Ottawas, Pattawattimas, Winnebagoes, Fox and Sacs nations of Indians.
15,000 dollars appropriated to defray the expenses of treating with the Chippewas, &c.Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the sum of fifteen thousand dollars be, and the same is hereby appropriated, to defray the expenses of treating with the Chippewas, Ottawas, Pattawattimas, Winnebagoes, Fox and Sacs nations of Indians, for the purpose of extinguishing their titles to lands within the state of Illinois and the territory of Michigan, situated between the Illinois river and the lead mines, on Fever river, and in the vicinity of said lead mines; and, also, certain reservations on the south-east border of Lake Michigan; and that the President of the United States, if he shall deem it expedient, may apply a part of the aforesaid appropriation, for the purpose of holding a treaty with the Choctaw nation of Indians, to extinguish their title to the tract of land, which lies in the territory of Arkansas, east of the western boundary line of said territory; the said sum to be paid out of any money in the treasury not otherwise appropriated.
Commissioners appointed to negotiate said treaty.Sec. 2. And be it further enacted, That, for the purpose of negotiating said treaty, on the part of the United States, the President shall be, and he is hereby, authorize to appoint commissioners, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, as soon as practicable, and to fix their compensation, so as not to exceed what has been heretofore allowed for like services.
Approved, May 24, 1828.
# United States Statutes at Large/Volume 4/20th Congress/1st Session/Chapter 95

Chap. XCV.—An Act making appropriations for the purchase of books, and for other purposes.
5000 dollars appropriated for the purchase of books for the library of Congress.Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the sum of five thousand dollars be, and the same hereby is appropriated, to be paid out of any money in the treasury not otherwise appropriated, for the purchase of books for the library of Congress.
Librarian authorized to employ an assistant.Sec. 2. And be it further enacted, That the librarian of Congress be authorized to employ an assistant, who shall receive a yearly compensation of eight hundred dollars, commencing March fourth, one thousand eight hundred and twenty-seven; to be paid out of any money in the treasury not otherwise appropriated.
Approved, May 24, 1828.
# United States Statutes at Large/Volume 4/20th Congress/1st Session/Chapter 96

Chap. XCVI.—An Act supplementary to an act, entitled “An Act providing for the correction of errors in making entries of lands at the land offices,” passed March third, eighteen hundred and nineteen.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the provisions of the ​Provisions of act of March 3, 1819, ch. 98, to extend to cases where patents have issued or shall hereafter issue.act, entitled “An act providing for the correction of errors in making entries of lands at the land offices,” approved March third, one thousand eight hundred and nineteen, are hereby declared to extend to cases where patents have issued, or shall hereafter issue: upon condition that the party concerned shall surrender his or her patent, to the commissioner of the general land office, with a relinquishment of title thereon, executed in a form to be prescribed by the Secretary of the Treasury.
Approved, May 24, 1828.
# United States Statutes at Large/Volume 4/20th Congress/1st Session/Chapter 98

Chap. XCVIII.—An Act making an appropriation for the suppression of the slave trade.
30,000 dollars appropriated for the suppression of the slave trade. Act of March 3, 1819, ch. 101.Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the sum of thirty thousand dollars be, and the same is hereby, appropriated, to be paid out of any money in the treasury not otherwise appropriated, to the suppression of the slave trade, pursuant to the act of Congress of the third day of March, one thousand eight hundred and nineteen.
Secretary of the Navy to satisfy the claim of Taliaferro Livingston. Proviso.Sec. 2. And be it further enacted, That the Secretary of the Navy be authorized to pay, out of the sum herein appropriated, the claim of the administrator of the estate of Taliaferro Livingston, late United States’ marshal for the district of Alabama, for the maintenance of sundry Africans, captured in one thousand eight hundred and eighteen: Provided, The said administrator shall produce satisfactory evidence of the reasonableness of the charges for the said maintenance; and that the sums received by the said Livingston for the hire of the said Africans, and for the labour performed for him by said Africans, if any, be accounted for, and deducted.
Approved, May 24, 1828.
# United States Statutes at Large/Volume 4/20th Congress/1st Session/Chapter 91

Chap. XCI.—An Act to authorize the legislature of the state of Indiana to sell the lands heretofore appropriated for the use of schools in that state.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the legislature of the ​Legislature of the state of Indiana authorized to sell, &c., in fee simple, all, or any part, of the lands heretofore reserved by Congress for the use of schools within said state. Proviso. Proviso.state of Indiana shall be, and is hereby, authorized to sell and convey, in fee simple, all, or any part, of the lands heretofore reserved and appropriated by Congress for the use of schools within said state, and to invest the money arising from the sale thereof in some productive fund, the proceeds of which shall be forever applied, under the direction of said legislature, for the use and support of schools, within the several townships and districts of country for which they were originally reserved and set apart, and for no other use of purpose whatsoever: Provided, said land, or any part thereof, shall, in no case, be sold without the consent of the inhabitants of such township, or district, to be obtained in such manner as the legislature of said state, shall, by law, direct: And provided, also, That in the apportionment of the proceeds of said fund, each township and district aforesaid shall be entitled to such part thereof, and no more, as shall have accrued from the sum or sums of money arising from the sale of the school lands belonging to such township or district.
Where proceeds are insufficient for the support of schools in any township.Sec. 2. And be it further enacted, That, if the proceeds accruing to any township or district, from said fund, shall be insufficient for the support of schools therein, it shall be lawful for said legislature to invest the same, as is hereinbefore directed, until the whole proceeds of the fund belonging to such township or district shall be adequate to the permanent maintenance and support of schools within the same.
Approved, May 24, 1828.
# War veterans mark Armistice Day with impressive parade

* related portals: Hudson County, New Jersey, Documentary film.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
UNIVERSAL NEWSPAPER NEWSREEL
HOBOKEN N.J.
WAR VETERANS MARK ARMISTICE DAY WITH IMPRESSIVE PARADE
AMERICAN LEGION
This work is in the public domain worldwide because it has been so released by the author, Universal Newsreel.
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# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Stevenson, John (1778-1846?)

​STEVENSON, JOHN (1778–1846?), surgeon, son of Joseph and Deborah Stevenson, was baptised at Kegworth on the borders of Leicestershire and Derbyshire, on 13 March 1778. He was educated privately, and was ​apprenticed to his father, a surgeon, at the age of sixteen. Three years later he was sent to the united hospitals (St. Thomas's and Guy's) in the Borough, where he stayed until 1800. It is probable that his medical studies were much interrupted by ill-health, for he was not admitted a member of the College of Surgeons of England until 20 Nov. 1807. On account of his ill-health he determined to devote himself to the ophthalmic side of surgery. After studying for some time under John Cunningham Saunders [q. v.], the oculist, he settled in or near Nottingham. The death of Saunders in 1810 led Stevenson to return to London, where he commenced to practise.
In 1813 he was oculist and aurist to the Princess of Wales, and to Leopold, duke of Saxe-Coburg; he was then living in Great Russell Street, Bloomsbury. He delivered the anniversary oration at the Medical Society of London in March 1817, taking as his subject the treatment of gutta serena. He founded in 1830, at 13 Little Portland Street, Cavendish Square, ‘The Royal Infirmary for Cataract,’ and he was soon afterwards appointed oculist and aurist to William IV. In 1841 he became oculist and aurist to Leopold I, king of the Belgians, and in 1844 he was living in Conduit Street and at Norwood Park, Middlesex. All trace of him is lost after this year.
Stevenson undertook to operate upon cases of cataract at an earlier period than was thought advisable by other surgeons, and his infirmary was founded with the express design of carrying out his mode of treatment.
His works are:
* ‘On the Morbid Sensibility of the Eye, commonly called Weakness of Sight,’ London, 1810, 8vo; reprinted at Hartford, America, 1815; 3rd edit., London, 1819; 4th edit. 1841.
* ‘A Practical Treatise on Cataract,’ London 1813, 8vo; 2nd edit. 1814; a new edit. 1824, and again in 1834; 5th edit. 1839, 12mo; 7th edit. 1843.
* ‘On the Nature of … Gutta Serena,’ London, 1821, 8vo; an expansion of his anniversary address delivered at the Medical Society in 1817.
* ‘Deafness, its Causes, Prevention, and Cure,’ London 1828, 8vo; 7th edit. 1842.
* ‘On Throat Deafness,’ London, 12mo; 4th edit. 1843.
[The New Pantheon of the Age, 2nd edit. vol. iii. 1825; Callisen's Schriftsteller-Lexicon, Band 32, Nachtrag, 1844, p. 436, No. 1187*; additional information kindly given by the Rev. H. M. Stephenson, M.A., vicar of Kegworth.]
D’A. P.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Stevenson, John Andrew

​STEVENSON, Sir JOHN ANDREW (1760?–1833), musical composer, born at Dublin about 1760, was the son of John Stevenson, a native of Glasgow, who became a violinist in the state band in Dublin. He was a chorister in Christ Church, Dublin, from 1771 to 1775, receiving his first instruction from Dr. Woodward, and he was in St. Patrick's Cathedral choir from 1775 to 1780. He became a vicar-choral in St. Patrick's in 1783, and in Christ Church in 1800. He was created Mus. Doc. of Trinity College, Dublin, in 1791, and in 1803 was knighted by the lord lieutenant (Lord Hardwicke). He married a daughter of Mr. Morton of the custom-house, Dublin, and widow of Mr. Singleton, and died on 14 Sept. 1833 at Headfort House, Kells, co. Meath, the seat of Thomas Taylour, second marquis of Headfort, whose second wife was Olivia (d. 1834), Stevenson's second daughter. A memorial monument was placed in St. Patrick's Cathedral, and was restored in December 1896.
Stevenson is best known by his symphonies and accompaniments to the collection of Irish melodies, the words for which were written by Thomas Moore [q. v.] He wrote a good deal for the Irish stage, including the operas of ‘The Contract’ (1783), ‘Love in a Blaze’ (1800), ‘The Patriot,’ and ‘The Burning of Moscow;’ and furnished new music for O'Keeffe's farces, ‘The Son-in-law’ and ‘The Agreeable Surprise.’ A collection of services and anthems, with his portrait, was published in 1825 (London, 2 vols. 4to); and numerous glees, duets, songs, &c., were issued at various times. He also published an oratorio, ‘The Thanksgiving,’ a series of ‘Sacred Songs, Duets, and Trios, the Words by T. Moore’ (London, n.d.), and ‘A Selection of Popular National Airs, with Symphonies and Accompaniments,’ 2 vols., London, 1818.
[Grove's Dictionary; Gent. Mag. 1833, ii. 542–4; Baptie's English Glee Composers; Biographical Dictionary of Musicians, 1824; Love's Scottish Church Music; O'Keeffe's Recollections; Brown and Stratton's Biographical Dict. of Musicians.]
J. C. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Stevenson, W. B.

William Bennet Stevenson in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
​STEVENSON, W. B. (fl. 1803–1825), writer on South America, landed on the coast of Chili in the Indian district of Araucania about 1803, with the intention of travelling through the country. On proceeding to Arauco he found himself detained a prisoner on the pretext that war had broken out between Spain and England. Thence he was conveyed successively to Concepcion, Callao, and Lima, where he was confined in the gaol for eight months with the most abandoned criminals. His liberty was gradually extended, and he was permitted to reside in the town and to make excursions into the adjoining provinces. In 1808 he became private secretary to Count Ruis de Castilla, president and captain-general of Quito. On the outbreak of the revolution at Quito, where he was stationed, he joined the insurgents. In December 1810 he was appointed governor of the Esmeraldas with the title of lieutenant-colonel, and after the arrival of Lord Cochrane in 1818 he became his secretary and had a share in many of his naval operations [see Cochrane, Thomas, tenth Earl of Dundonald]. After twenty years' residence in South America he revisited England about 1824, returning to Peru about the end of 1825. The date of his death is not known.
While in England he published the results of his American experiences in a work entitled ‘A Historical and Descriptive Narrative of twenty years' residence in South America,’ London, 1825, 8vo. His book is of great value for the period immediately preceding the South American revolution. He used his unique opportunities for observation to advantage. Prescott, in his ‘History of the Conquest of Peru,’ praised his description of Lima, and made considerable use of his accounts of native manners and customs. Translations into French and German were published at Paris and Weimar respectively in 1826.
[Stevenson's Historical Narrative; Allibone's Dict. of Engl. Lit.; Monthly Review, 1825, iii. 66; Literary Gazette, 1825, p. 627.]
E. I. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Woodville, Lionel

​WOODVILLE, LIONEL (1446?–1484), bishop of Salisbury, born about 1446, was third son of Sir Richard Woodville (afterwards first Earl Rivers) [q. v.], by his marriage with Jacquetta, widow of John of Lancaster, duke of Bedford [q. v.] Anthony Woodville, second earl Rivers [q. v.], was his elder brother. He was educated at Oxford, where he graduated D.D. Wood says that he was an inceptor in canon law. Probably as a provision for him, he was made dean of Exeter in November 1478. In 1479 he succeeded Thomas Chaundler as chancellor of the university of Oxford, being then, according to Wood, who is not supported by Le Neve, archdeacon of the diocese. On 31 Oct. 1480 he became prebendary of Mora in St. Paul's Cathedral. In 1482, being then at Cumnor, he was made bishop of Salisbury by papal provision; the temporalities were restored to him on 28 March. He was consecrated in April.
After Edward IV's death Woodville's position became difficult. In the beginning of May the queen, Elizabeth Woodville, received word of the arrest of Rivers and Grey at Stony Stratford, and at once went into sanctuary at Westminster. Woodville went with her, but it seems likely that he soon came out. As a bishop he had nothing to fear. He was in the commission of the peace in June and July. Later he took an important part in organising Buckingham's rebellion, was named in Richard's proclamation, and when the rising failed he was one of the many who fled to Henry of Richmond in Brittany. Richard was in some difficulty with regard to the see, the temporalities of which were handed over to the keeping of Thomas Langton [q. v.], who eventually succeeded him as bishop. The matter was settled by an act of parliament which declared his temporal possessions forfeited, but spared Woodville's life. He died, possibly in Brittany, before 23 June 1484. A manuscript book of miscellaneous entries compiled about the end of the seventeenth century, preserved at Salisbury, says that he died and was buried at Beaulieu. A local tradition says that he was buried in Salisbury Cathedral, and that a canopied tomb at the intersection of the north-west transept and north aisle of the choir is his.
W. A. J. A.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Woodman, Richard (1784-1859)

​WOODMAN, RICHARD (1784–1859), engraver, son of Richard Woodman, an obscure engraver who worked at the end of the last century, was born in London on 1 July 1784. He served his apprenticeship with Robert Mitchell Meadows, the stipple engraver, in whose manner he worked, and for some years found considerable employment upon book illustrations, chiefly portraits of actors, sportsmen, and nonconformist ministers. Plates by him are found in Knight's ‘Gallery of Portraits,’ the ‘Sporting Magazine,’ the ‘British Gallery of Art,’ and Cottle's ‘Reminiscences.’ His largest and best work is the ‘Judgment of Paris,’ from the picture by Rubens, now in the National Gallery. During the latter part of his life Woodman practised chiefly as a painter of miniatures and small watercolour portraits, which he exhibited occasionally at the Royal Academy between 1820 and 1850. He died on 15 Dec. 1859.
F. M. O'D.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Woodrooffe, Anne

​WOODROOFFE, Mrs. ANNE (1766–1830), author, only child of John Cox of Harwich, was born on 14 July 1766. On 27 July 1803 she married at Streatham Nathaniel George Woodrooffe (1766–1851), who was vicar of Somerford Keynes, Wiltshire, from 1803. The Woodrooffe family was of some antiquity, being descended from Thomas Woodrooffe (rector of Chartham, Kent, 1646 to 1660), of the house of Woodroffe of Hope in Derbyshire (cf. Woodrooffe, Pedigree of Woodrooffe, 1878). Mrs. Woodrooffe devoted herself to teaching, in which she attained great excellence. In 1821 she issued at Cirencester ‘Cottage Dialogues’ (8vo; 2nd edit. 1856), which was written with a view to entertaining and improving the lower classes by a delineation of characters and scenes in rural life. Her most important book, ‘Shades of Character’ (Bath, 1824, 3 vols. 4to), was ‘designed to promote the formation of the female character on the basis of Christian principle,’ and is a system of education for girls set forth in the form of dialogues with a slight thread of story running through them. The fourth edition is dated 1841, and there was a seventh in 1855. The book shows insight into human nature.
Mrs. Woodrooffe died on 24 March 1830, and was buried at Somerford Keynes. She left one daughter—Emma Martha, born on 30 May 1807, who married, on 5 Feb. 1852, Thomas Wood (d. 19 Dec. 1865).
Other works by Mrs. Woodrooffe are: 1. ‘The History of Michael Kemp,’ Bath, 1819, 12mo; 9th ed. 1855. 2. ‘Michael the Married Man,’ a sequel to the last, London, 1827, 12mo; 2nd ed. 1855. 3. ‘First Prayer in Verse,’ new ed. 1855.
E. L.