OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The New International Encyclopædia/Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences

Edition of 1905. See also Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ PHILADELPHIA ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES. An association founded in 1812 for the purpose of furthering the study of the natural sciences and encouraging original investigation in the various fields of physical research. It is the oldest organization in the United States devoted to the encouragement of natural science. Its museum is especially rich in ornithological specimens and fossils, while its collection of shells is the finest in the world. The Jessup foundation provides gratuitous training for a number of young investigators. The society has published a Journal since 1817 and its Proceedings since 1841.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Philemon (poet)

Edition of 1905. See also Philemon (poet) on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
PHILE′MON (Lat., from Gk. Φιλήμων) (c. 361–263 B.C.). A Greek comic poet. He was a native of Soli, in Cilicia, or of Syracuse, in Sicily. He resided chiefly in Athens, but for a time also in Alexandria at the Court of Ptolemy Philadelphus. He and Menander were the two representative poets of the Attic New Comedy. Philemon gained more prizes than Menander, perhaps through bribery of the judges. Posterity, however, reversed the decision, and Menander and Homer were the two favorite poets of later Greece. Of the 97 comedies which Philemon left, 57 are known to us from titles and fragments, while two at least, the Ἔμπορος and Θησαυρός, are preserved in Plautus's adaptations, the Mercator and Trinummus; and it is also probable that Plautus's Mostellaria follows Philemon's Φάσμα. The fragments are published by Koch, Comicorum Atticorum Fragmenta, vol. ii. (Leipzig, 1886).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Phila

Edition of 1905. See also Phila (daughter of Antipater) on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ PHI′LA. Daughter of Antipater, regent of Macedonia. She was celebrated as one of the noblest women of her time. In B.C. 322 she was married to Craterus. He died in about a year, and Phila was then married to the son of Antigonus, Demetrius, whose varying fortunes she shared. When Demetrius was banished from Macedonia in B.C. 287, Phila killed herself at Cassandrea. She left two children by Demetrius, Antigonus and Stratonice. The son, surnamed Gonatas, became King of Macedonia; Stratonice became the wife of Scleucus and subsequently of his son Antiochus.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Philander

Edition of 1905. See also the disclaimer.
​ PHILANDER. A Dutch knight in Ariosto's Orlando Furioso, who made love to Gabrina, the wife of his host. His name is used as the synonym of a male coquette in various plays, and is the origin of the verb to philander.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Philippics

Edition of 1905. See also the disclaimer.
​PHILIPPICS. See Cicero; Demosthenes.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Pherecrates

Edition of 1905. See also Pherecrates on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
PHERECRATES, fḗ-rĕk′rȧ-tēz (Lat., from Gk. Φερεκράτης, Pherekratēs) One of the most eminent writers of the Old Attic Comedy; a contemporary of Cratinus, Crates, Eupolis, Plato, and Aristophanes. He invented the Pherecratean metre ( ′__ ′_ υ υ _′ __ ), which is frequently used in the choruses of the Greek tragedies and in Horace. A few fragments and the titles of eighteen of his plays are extant. Consult: Meineke, Fragmenta Comicorum Græcorum (Berlin, 1839); and Kock, Comicorum Atticorum Fragmenta (Leipzig. 1880). Among the ancients he was famed for his wealth of invention and the purity of his Attic Greek.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Philadelphus

Edition of 1905. See also Philadelphus on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ PHIL′ADELPH′US (Neo-Lat., from Gk. φιλάδελφον, philadelphon, sort of flowering shrub, perhaps jasmine; named in honor of Ptolemy Philadelphus, King of Egypt). A genus of shrubs of the natural order Saxifragaceæ. Several species are natives of the southern Atlantic and Pacific States and Japan. Philadelphus inodorus grows in the mountains from Virginia southward. Philadelphus grandiflorus grows in lower ground in the same region. Philadelphus hirsutus grows in Tennessee and North Carolina. Philadelphus Gordonianus and Philadelphus Lewisii are natives of the Pacific Coast States. The most common and best representative of the genus, however, is Philadelphus coronarius, the common mock orange or syringa, much cultivated in gardens. Its native country is not known, but it was probably brought from Japan to Southern Europe, where it appears to be indigenous. It has erect branches, oblong ovate leaves, which when crushed have very much the odor and taste of cucumbers. Its cream-colored flowers, borne in large clusters, are well known for their exceeding fragrance.
# The Necessity of Atheism (Brooks)

THE NECESSITY OF ATHEISM
By
DR. D. M. BROOKS
FREETHOUGHT PRESS ASSOCIATION NEW YORK
Copyright, 1933
BY FREETHOUGHT PRESS ASSOCIATION
Printed in the United States of America by
Dedicated to
JOSEPH LEWIS IN AMERICA
AND
CHAPMAN COHEN IN ENGLAND
OF WHOM
IT MAY BE SAID:
"How often it has happened that one man, standing at the right point of view, has descried the truth, and, after having been denounced and persecuted by all others, they have eventually been constrained to adopt his declarations!" —(Draper.)
​For the old Gods came to an end long ago. And verily it was a good and joyful end of Gods!
They did not die lingering in the twilight although that lie is told! On the contrary, they once upon a time laughed themselves to death!
That came to pass when, by a God himself, the most ungodly word was uttered, the word: "There is but one God!. Thou shalt have no other Gods before me"
An old grim beard of a God, a jealous one, forgot himself thus.
And then all Gods laughed and shook on their chairs and cried: "Is Godliness not just that there are Gods, but no God?"
Whoever hath ears let him hear.
    "Thus Spake Zarathrustra" Friedrich Nietzsche
CONTENTS
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was legally published within the United States (or the United Nations Headquarters in New York subject to Section 7 of the United States Headquarters Agreement) before 1964, and copyright was not renewed.
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Works published in 1933 could have had their copyright renewed in 1960 or 1961, i.e. between January 1st of the 27th year after publication or registration and December 31st of the 28th year. As this work's copyright was not renewed, it entered the public domain on January 1st, 1962.
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Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The Nebuly Coat/Epilogue

On the same evening Lieutenant Ennefer, R.N., sailed down Channel in the corvette Solebay, bound for the China Station. He was engaged to the second Miss Bulteel, and turned his glass on the old town where his lady dwelt as he passed by. It was then he logged that Cullerne Tower was not to be seen, though the air was clear and the ship but six miles from shore. He rubbed his glass, and called some other officers to verify the absence of the ancient seamark, but all they could make out was a white cloud, that might be smoke or dust or mist hanging over the town. It must be mist, they said; some unusual atmospheric condition must have rendered the tower invisible.
It was not for many months afterwards that Lieutenant Ennefer heard of the catastrophe, and when he came up Channel again on his return four years later, there was the old seamark clear once more, whiter a little, but still the same old tower. It had been rebuilt at the sole charge of Lady Blandamer, and in the basement of it was a brass plate to the memory of Horatio Sebastian Fynes, Lord Blandamer, who had lost his own life in that place whilst engaged in the rescue of others.
The rebuilding was entrusted to Mr Edward Westray, whom Lord Blandamer, by codicil dictated only a few hours before his death, had left co-trustee with Lady Blandamer, and guardian of the infant heir.
Tunes played by the Chimes of St. Sepulchre's Church at Cullerne
New Sabbath.
Sermondsey.
Sheldon.
Mount Ephraim.
# The Nebuly Coat/Prologue

Sir George Farquhar, Baronet, builder of railway-stations, and institutes, and churches, author, antiquarian, and senior partner of Farquhar and Farquhar, leant back in his office chair and turned it sideways to give more point to his remarks. Before him stood an understudy, whom he was sending to superintend the restoration work at Cullerne Minster.
"Well, good-bye, Westray; keep your eyes open, and don't forget that you have an important job before you. The church is too big to hide its light under a bushel, and this Society-for-the-Conservation-of-National-Inheritances has made up its mind to advertise itself at our expense. Ignoramuses who don't know an aumbry from an abacus, charlatans, amateur faddists, they will abuse our work. Good, bad, or indifferent, it's all one to them; they are pledged to abuse it."
His voice rang with a fine professional contempt, but he sobered himself and came back to business.
"The south transept roof and the choir vaulting will want careful watching. There is some old trouble, too, in the central tower; and I should like later on to underpin the main crossing piers, but there is no money. For the moment I have said nothing about the tower; it is no use raising doubts that one can't set at rest; and I don't know how we are going to make ends meet, even with the little that it is proposed to do now. If funds come in, we must tackle the tower; but transept and choir-vaults are more pressing, and there is no risk from the bells, because the cage is so rotten that they haven't been rung for years.
"You must do your best. It isn't a very profitable stewardship, so try to give as good an account of it as you can. We shan't make a penny out of it, but the church is too well known to play fast-and-loose with. I have written to the parson—a foolish old fellow, who is no more fit than a lady's-maid to be trusted with such a church as Cullerne—to say you are coming to-morrow, and will put in an appearance at the church in the afternoon, in case he wishes to see you. The man is an ass, but he is legal guardian of the place, and has not done badly in collecting money for the restoration; so we must bear with him."
# The Necessity of Atheism

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "The Necessity of Atheism."
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This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* The Necessity of Atheism (Brooks) a book by David Marshall Brooks
* The Necessity of Atheism (Shelley) an essay by Percy Bysshe Shelley
# The New Student's Reference Work/Protestantism

See also Protestantism on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Protestantism, a term derived from the protest of Luther and his adherents against the decree passed by the Roman Catholic states at the second Diet of Speier, in 1529. The principles involved in this protest were that the Roman church has no authority over the Reformed church, that the authority of the Bible is supreme and above that of bishops and councils and that it is to be interpreted, not according to tradition, but by its own language. The right of private judgment in reference to the interpretation of the Scriptures is the principle of Protestantism that especially distinguishes it from Roman Catholicism. Protestant churches are divided into numerous branches, with wide differences of doctrine and forms of worship, but all agree in the assertion of independence from the Roman see.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Proteus

See also Proteus on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Proteus (prō′tē̇-ŭs or prō′tūs), in the oldest Greek mythology, appears as an old man of the sea who tends the seal-flocks of Neptune, his father and is endued with the gift of prophecy. His favorite residence, according to Homer, is the island of Pharos, near the mouth of the Nile. Here he rises at midday from the floods, and sleeps in the shadow of the rocky shores, surrounded by the monsters of the deep. But when caught by persons who sought to have him foretell future events, he would try to escape by assuming all manner of ugly shapes and disguises, and would refuse to exercise his gift until he found that further resistance would be useless.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Prothallium

See also Prothallium on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Prothallium (prō̇-thăl′lĭ-ŭm), among plants, is a name applied in a general way to the gametophytes of Pteridophytes and Spermatophytes. It specially belongs, however, to the ferns, in which the prothallium, often written prothallus, is a quite distinct but very small green and notched thallus. Upon the under side of this small body the antheridia and archegonia occur. From the fertilized egg within the archegonium the ordinary leafy fern-plant arises. When in other plant-groups the prothallium ceases to be independent, as in seed-plants, it often retains the name. For example, many would speak of the female gametophyte (endosperm) found in seeds as a female prothallium. See Gametophyte.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Protagoras

See also Protagoras on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Protagoras (prō̇-tăg′ ō̇-rȧs), the earliest of the Greek sophists, was a native of Abdera, born about 481 B. C. The basis of his philosophy is the proposition that “man is the measure of all things.” All his works are lost, and he himself perished at sea (c. 411) while on his way to Sicily to escape a charge of atheism brought against him at Athens.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Protection

See also Protectionism on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Protec′tion is the aid given by government to particular industries by bounties by taxation of other industries or, more commonly, by tariff or import-duties on foreign products. See Political Economy.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Prothero, George Walter

See also George Walter Prothero on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Proth′ero, George Walter, English historian, was born in Wiltshire, Oct. 14, 1848, and educated at Eton, Cambridge and the University of Bonn. From 1876 to 1894 he was tutor and university lecturer at Cambridge, after which, for five years, he was professor of history at Edinburgh University. In 1899 he succeeded his brother as editor of The London Quarterly Review. His published work embraces The Life of Simon de Monfort; Memoir of Henry Bradshaw; and The British History Reader. Rowland Edmund Prothero, besides editing The Quarterly, has published The Life of Dean Stanley, besides editing the latter's Letters, Letters of Edward Gibbon, Letters of Byron and Letters of Richard Ford. He has also written a Life of Queen Victoria, a memoir of Prince Henry of Battenburg, The Psalms in Human Life and Pioneers of English Farming.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Protococcus

See also Protococcus at Wiktionary, and the disclaimer.
​Protococcus (prō′tō̇-kŏk′kŭs), a genus of plants which are among the simplest of the green algæ. The mature plants are single, spherical, green cells, which occur in masses. See Chlorophyceæ.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Protandry

See also Sequential hermaphroditism on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Protandry (prō̇-tăn′drĭ), (in plants), a condition in which the stamens are mature and shedding pollen before the stigma of the same flower is ready to receive it. See Pollination.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Protector

See also Protector (title) on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Protec′tor, a title which has sometimes been conferred on the regent or governor of the kingdom during the minority of the sovereign. Oliver Cromwell in 1653 took the title of lord-protector of the commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland, and ruled under that title until his death.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Proteids

See also Protein on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Pro′teids, a large group of organic compounds found in animals and plants. They form the chief constituents of blood, muscle, nerves, glands and other organs of animals, and play an important part in plant-life. Although much work has been done in attempting to learn their exact chemical constitution, little definite is yet known. They are amorphous, and contain about 54 parts carbon, 7 hydrogen, 16 nitrogen, 21 oxygen and from 1 to 1½ sulphur. They differ widely in solubility and in their decomposition-products. Food-stuffs have been divided into two divisions: heat-producing and tissue-forming, the amyloids and fats constituting the former and proteids the latter division. This, however, is very misleading if it implies that the oxidation of proteids does not develop heat and that amyloids and fats subserve only the production of heat. Proteids are tissue-formers, but they also are heat-producers because they are competent by chemical metamorphosis in the body to give rise to amyloids. The following is one of the several classifications that have been made of proteids:
I. Albumens, soluble in water: 1. Serum; albumen; 2. Egg albumen.
II. Globulins, insoluble in water, soluble in very dilute acids and alkalies, soluble in dilute solutions of sodic chloride and other neutral salts: 1. Myosin; 2. Globulin; 3. Fibrinogen; 4. Vitellin.
III. Derived albumens, insoluble in water and solutions of sodic chloride, soluble in dilute acids and alkalies; 1. Acid albumen; 2. Alkali albumen or albuminate casein.
IV. Fibrin, insoluble in water, sparingly soluble in dilute acids and alkalies and in neutral saline solutions.
V. Coagulated albuminoids,
VI. Amyloid substance or lardacein.
VII. Peptones, produced by action of the gastric juice on all albuminoids.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Vol III/Title Page

THE NEW
STUDENT'S REFERENCE WORK
FOR
TEACHERS, STUDENTS AND FAMILIES
EDITED BY CHANDLER B. BEACH, A.M.
ASSOCIATE EDITOR FRANK MORTON McMURRY, Ph.D.
VOLUME I
CHICAGO F. E. COMPTON AND COMPANY 1914
# The New Student's Reference Work/Vol III:10

| Mathews — Meade | Meadowland — Megasporophyll | Mehemet — Mennonite | Menominee — Merrimac |
| Matthews, James Brander Mattoon, Ill. Mauch Chunk Mauna Kea Mauna Loa Maurice Maurice, Prince of Orange Mauritania Mauritanié Mauritius Maury, Matthew F. Maxim, Sir Hiram S. Maximilian I Maximilian Maxwell, James Clerk- Maxwell, William Henry May Mayence Mayflower Mayotta Mazarin, Jules Mazeppa, Ivan Stefanovich Mazzini, Giuseppe Mead, Larkin Goldsmith Meade, George Gordon | Meadowlark Meadville, Pa. Measurement Meat-Packing Mecca Mechanics Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence, The Mechlin Medes Medford, Mass. Medici Medici, Lorenzo dei Medicine Hat Medicine-Man Medina Medieval Period Mediterranean, The Medulla Oblongata Medusa Medusæ Meerschaum Megaphone Megasporangium Megaspore Megasporophyll | Mehemet Meissonier, Jean Louis Ernest Meistersinger von Nürnberg Die Mekong River, Cambodia Melanchthon, Philip Melba, Nellie Melbourne Melodeon Melon Melrose Abbey Melrose, Mass. Melville, George W. Memnon Memorizing Memphis (Egypt) Memphis (Tennessee) Memphremagog, Lake Menai Strait Mendelssohn-Bartholdy, Felix Mendez-Pinto, Fernao Mendicant Orders Menelek II Menendez de Avilés, Pedro Menhaden Mennonites | Menominee, Mich. Mental Discipline Mentone Mentor Mephistopheles Mercator, Gerard Mercator's Projection Merchant-Marine Merchant of Venice, The Mercury (mythology) Mercury (element) Mercury (planet) Mer de Glace Meredith, George Merida Meriden Meridian Meridian, Miss. Meristem Merivale, Charles Merlin Mermaids Merovingians Merrill, Wis. Merrimac |
# The New Student's Reference Work/Vol II:9

| Fingal's Cave — Five Forks | Flag — Flour | Flower — Foot | Football — Fort Henry |
| Fingal's Cave Finland Finland, Gulf of Finns Fir Firdausi, Abul Kasim Mansur Fire-Damp Fire-Engine Fire-Extinguisher Firefly Fireproofing Fireworks Fish-Culture Fish, Hamilton Fisher, George Park Fisher, Admiral Sir John Arbuthnot Fishes Fishhawk Fiske, John Fiske, Minnie Maddern Fitch, John Fitchburg, Mass. Fitchett, Rev. William Henry Fitzpatrick, Hon. Sir Charles Five Forks | Flag Flag-of-Truce Flamingo Flammarion, Camille Flanders Flandrin, Jean Hippoyte Flatfish Flatheads Flax Flea Fleur-de-Lis Flicker Flint Flint, Austin Flint-Implements Flint, Mich. Flodden, Battle of Flood-Plains Flora Florence Florida Florida Keys Flotow, Friedrich, Freiherr von Flounder Flour | Flower Flowers, National Flowering Plants Fluorspar Flute Flux Fly Fly-Catchers Flying-Fish Flying Squirrel Focus Fog Fogo Folk, Joseph Wingate Folklore Follicle Fond du Lac, Wis. Fontaine Fontainebeau Fontenoy Foochow Food Food Fool Foot | Football Foote, Andrew Hull Foote, Mary Hallcock Forage-Crops Foraker, Joseph Benson Forbes, Archibald Forbes, John Colin Force Force-Pump Forest Forest-Reserves Forest-Service Forge Forget-Me-Not Form Formosa Forrest, Edwin Forrest, Nathan Bedford Forrest, Sir John Forster, William Edward Fort Dodge, Ia. Fort Donelson Fort Fisher, Battle of Fort Francis Fort Henry |
# The New Student's Reference Work/Vol II:8

| F — Farley | Färoe Islands — Fencing | Fénelon — Fessanden | Fetich — Fine Arts |
| F Fabius Maximus Factory and Factory-Legislation Faed, Thomas Fahrenheit, Gabriel Daniel Fairbairn, Andrew Martin Fairbairn, Sir William Fairbanks, Charles Warren Fairfax, Thomas, Lord Fairmount Park Fair Oaks Fairy Faithfull, Emily Falcon Falconer, Dr. R. A. Falkland Islands Fall River Fallieres, Clement Armand Falls of Montmorenci Faneuil Hall Faraday, Michael Fargo Farinelli, Carlo Farjeon, B. L. Farley, John M. | Färoe Islands Farragut, David Glasgow Farrar, Frederick William Fashoda Fast Fates Faults Faure, François Felix Faust, Dr Johann Faust, Johann Favenc, Ernest Fawcett, Edgar Fawcett, Henry Fawkes, Guy Feast Feathers Feeding-Stuffs Feehan, Archbishop Patrick A. Feeling Feldspar Felix, Antonius Fellah Fellowship Felt Fencing | Fénelon, François de Salignac de la Mothe Fenians Ferdinand I (Castile) Ferdinand III (Castile) Ferdinand V Ferdinand I (Germany) Ferdinand II Ferdinand III (Germany) Ferdinand I (Naples) Ferdinand IV Ferdinand VII Ferguston, James Fermentation Ferments Fern Fernando Po. Fernie Ferrara Ferret Ferry Ferry, Jules François Camille Ferryland Fertilization Fertilizers Fessanden, William Pitt | Fetich Feudal System Fez Fezzan Fiber Fibre-Industries Fichte, Johann Gottlieb Fidelio Love Field, Cyrus West Field, David Dudley Field, Eugene Field Marshall Field, Stephen Johnson Fielding, Henry Fielding, Hon. S. William Fig Fiji Islands Filament Filicales Fillmore, Millard Filter Finch Findlay Fine Arts Fine Arts, History of |