OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Villard, Henry

Edition of 1920. See also Henry Villard on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
VILLARD, vĭl-ärd', Henry, American journalist and capitalist: b. Speyer, Bavaria, 11 April 1835; d. Dobbs Ferry, N. Y., 11 Nov. 1900. His real name was Hilgard, but he changed it to Villard on coming to the United States in 1853. He entered upon journalistic work, writing at first for German-American journals, then as correspondent for the Cincinnati Commercial, and for the Chicago Tribune. He reported the Lincoln-Douglas debate of 1858 for eastern newspapers; was at the National Republican Convention of 1860; and during the Civil War won a wide reputation as a war correspondent, going to the front with the Army of the Potomac; he also
conducted a correspondents' bureau at Washington. In 1866 he went abroad to report the Austro-Prussian war for the New York Tribune. In 1868-71 he was secretary of the Social Science Association in Boston. In 1873 he represented German bondholders in financial dealings with some of the railroads of the Pacific Coast; going to the Northwest he organized the Oregon Railway and Transportation Company; and in 1881 by a pooling of railway interests formed the Northern Pacific Railroad Company, and was elected its president. The road was completed in 1883, but was involved in financial difficulties, on account of which Villard lost a large part of his fortune, and resigned the presidency of the road. He regained his financial standing with the aid of German capital, and in 1889 became one of the directors of the Northern Pacific, holding that position until 1893, when the road went into the hands of receivers. He was also interested in Edison's inventions; in 1890 he bought the Edison Lamp Company at Newark, and later the Edison Machine Works at Schenectady, where he organized the Edison General Electric Company, of which he was president two years. In 1881 he obtained a controlling interest in the New York Evening Post, and Nation. Consult his ‘Memoirs’ (3 vols., Boston 1904).
# The Galaxy/Volume 5/Number 1

THE GALAXY.
JANUARY, 1868.
* The Story of a Masterpiece
* With My Book
* American and Foreign Theaters
* A Wedding Song
* My Spiritualistic Experiences
* The Political Outlook
* The Same Christmas in Old England and New
* Elisabetta's Christmas
* Burgoyne in a New Light
* Steven Lawrence, Yeoman
* Aphoristic Cynicism
* Nebulæ
# The Galaxy/Volume 24/Number 5

THE GALAXY.
VOL. XXIV.—NOVEMBER 1877.—No. 5.
* Five Days in the Tuscan Maremma
* Love
* Army Organization in the United States
* Her Oath
* Administration of Abraham Lincoln
* Maturity
* Hidden Influences in Public Assemblies
* The Age of Bronze
* Fitz James and the Widow
* To Richard Wagner
* Civil Service Reform
* Freaks of Hymnology
* In Warwickshire
* Sleep After Death
* "The Federal Language"
* Doubt
* The Irrepressible Conflict in the East
* Drift-Wood
* Scientific Miscellany
* Current Literature
* Nebulae
Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1877, by SHELDON & CO., in the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington.
# The Galaxy/Volume 24/Number 3

THE GALAXY.
VOL. XXIV.—SEPTEMBER 1877.—No. 3.
* Has the Day of Great Navies Passed?
* Philosophy
* Inez de Castro
* The Temperance Question
* Lucia Bertonelli
* After the Fall
* Venice
* Les Chatiments
* Three Excursions
* Miss Misanthrope
* Your Pearls
* Americanisms
* A Chapter of Oddities
* The American Army
* The Municipal Debt of the United States
* Drift-Wood
* Scientific Miscellany
* Current Literature
* Nebulae
Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1877, by Sheldon & Co., in the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington.
# The Galaxy/Volume 24/Number 5/Sleep After Death

SLEEP AFTER DEATH.
If I were dead, and if the dead might crave Some little grace to cheer their outcast state, This I would ask: deep slumber long and late And sure possession of my lonely grave! Not to be haunted by the things that were, And once were dear, nor even by a dream To be disturbed, however glad and fair— For perfect rest is dreamless. Lying there, Deep hidden, safe from Life's wild rush and stir, Not knowing that I slept—this bliss would seem More dear to me than Heaven's own paradise! So dear I would not care again to rise; For eyes that wake must still have tears to weep: And so "God giveth His beloved sleep!"
Mary Ainge De Vere.
# The Decline of the West/Preface to the First Edition

PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION
The complete manuscript of this book — the outcome of three years’ work — was ready when the Great War broke out. By the spring of 1917 it had been worked over again and — in certain details — supplemented and cleared up, but its appearance in print was still delayed by the conditions then prevailing.
Although a philosophy of history is its scope and subject, it possesses also a certain deeper significance as a commentary on the great epochal moment of which the portents were visible when the leading ideas were being formed.
The title, which had been decided upon in 1912, expresses quite literally the intention of the book, which was to describe, in the light of the decline of the Classical age, one world-historical phase of several centuries upon which we ourselves are now entering.
Events have justified much and refuted nothing. It became clear that these ideas must necessarily be brought forward at just this moment and in Germany, and, more, that the war itself was an element in the premisses from which the new world-picture could be made precise.
For I am convinced that it is not merely a question of writing one out of several possible and merely logically justifiable philosophies, but of writing the philosophy of our time, one that is to some extent a natural philosophy and is dimly presaged by all. This may be said without presumption, for an idea that is historically essential — that does not occur within an epoch but itself makes that epoch — is only in a limited sense the property of him to whose lot it falls to parent it. It belongs to our time as a whole and influences all thinkers, without their knowing it, it is but the accidental, private attitude towards it (without which no philosophy can exist) that — with its faults and its merits — is the destiny and the happiness of the individual.
Oswald Spengler
Munich,
December, 1917
* ↑ [Antike]
* ↑ [unter welchen die letzten Züge des neuen Weltbildes bestimmt werden konnten]
* ↑ [im Denken aller unbewußt wirksam]
* ↑ [The German original ends with the following paragraph: »Ich habe nur den Wunsch beizufügen, daß dies Buch neben den militärischen Leistungen Deutschlands nicht ganz unwürdig dastehen möge.«]
# The Declaration of Independence of the Northern Chiefs

* related portals: Constitutional documents, New Zealand.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Wikidata item.
Declaration of Independence of New Zealand
1) We, the hereditary chiefs and heads of the tribes of the Northern parts of New Zealand, being assembled at Waitangi, in the Bay of Islands on this 28th day of October, 1835, declare the Independence of our country, which is hereby constituted and declared to be an Independent State, under the designation of The United Tribes of New Zealand.
2) All sovereign power and authority within the territories of the United Tribes of New Zealand is hereby declared to reside entirely and exclusively in the hereditary chiefs and heads of tribes in their collective capacity, who also declare that they will not permit any legislative authority separate from themselves in their collective capacity to exist, nor any function of government to be exercised within the said territories, unless by persons appointed by them, and acting under the authority of laws regularly enacted by them in Congress assembled.
3) The hereditary chiefs and heads of tribes agree to meet in Congress at Waitangi in the autumn of each year, for the purpose of framing laws for the dispensation of justice, the preservation of peace and good order, and the regulation of trade; and they cordially invite the Southern tribes to lay aside their private animosities and to consult the safety and welfare of our common country, by joining the Confederation of the United Tribes.
4) They also agree to send a copy of this Declaration to His Majesty, the King of England, to thank him for his acknowledgement of their flag, and in return for the friendship and protection they have shown, are prepared to show, to such of his subjects as have settled in their country, or resorted to its shores for the purposes of trade, they entreat that he will continue to be the parent of their infant State, and that he will become its Protector from all attempts upon its independence.
Agreed to unanimously on this 28 day of October, 1835, in the presence of His Britannic Majesty's Resident.
(Here follow the signatures and marks of thirty-five hereditary chiefs or Heads of tribes, which form a fair representation of the tribes of New Zealand from the North Cape to the latitude of the River Thames.)
English witnesses:
(Signed)
Henry Williams, Missionary CMS
George Clarke, CMS
James Clendon, Merchant
Gilbert Mair, Merchant
I certify that the above is a correct copy of the Declaration of the Chiefs, according to the translation of Missionaries who have resided ten years and upwards in the country; and it is transmitted to His Most Gracious Majesty the King of England, at the unanimous request of the Chiefs.
(Signed)
JAMES BUSBY, British Resident at New Zealand.
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The Girdle of Friendship

She gathered at her slender waist  The beauteous robe she wore; Its folds a golden belt embraced,  One rose-hued gem it bore.
The girdle shrank; its lessening round  Still kept the shining gem, But now her flowing locks it bound,  A lustrous diadem.
And narrower still the circlet grew;  Behold! a glittering band, Its roseate diamond set anew,  Her neck's white column spanned.
Suns rise and set; the straining clasp  The shortened links resist, Yet flashes in a bracelet's grasp  The diamond, on her wrist.
At length, the round of changes past  The thieving years could bring, The jewel, glittering to the last,  Still sparkles in a ring.
So, link by link, our friendships part,  So loosen, break, and fall, A narrowing zone; the loving heart  Lives changeless through them all.
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The Gipsy Trail

First published in Century Magazine, December 1892; first collected in the Inclusive Edition of Rudyard Kipling's Verse, 1919.
The white moth to the closing bine,  The bee to the opened clover, And the gipsy blood to the gipsy blood  Ever the wide world over.
Ever the wide world over, lass,  Ever the trail held true, Over the world and under the world,  And back at the last to you.
Out of the dark of the gorgio camp,  Out of the grime and the gray (Morning waits at the end of the world),  Gipsy, come away!
The wild boar to the sun-dried swamp  The red crane to her reed, And the Romany lass to the Romany lad,  By the tie of a roving breed.
The pied snake to the rifted rock,  The buck to the stony plain, And the Romany lass to the Romany lad,  And both to the road again.
Both to the road again, again!  Out on a clean sea-track -- Follow the cross of the gipsy trail  Over the world and back!
Follow the Romany patteran  North where the blue bergs sail, And the bows are grey with the frozen spray,  And the masts are shod with mail.
Follow the Romany patteran  Sheer to the Austral Light,  Where the besom of God is the wild South wind,  Sweeping the sea-floors white.
Follow the Romany patteran  West to the sinking sun, Till the junk-sails lift through the houseless drift.  And the east and west are one.
Follow the Romany patteran  East where the silence broods By a purple wave on an opal beach  In the hush of the Mahim woods.
"The wild hawk to the wind-swept sky,  The deer to the wholesome wold, And the heart of a man to the heart of a maid,  As it was in the days of old."
The heart of a man to the heart of a maid --  Light of my tents, be fleet. Morning waits at the end of the world,  And the world is all at our feet!
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
The longest-living author of this work died in 1936, so this work is in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 87 years or less. This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The Further Side of Silence/L'Envoi

​L'ENVOI
To My Brethren in Malaya
The grim Recording Angel turns the pages of the Book, And the days are thrust behind us past recall— All the sorrows that we tasted, all the pleasure that we took In that life we shared together, Brothers all! But to-day the forest whispers and to-day the ungkas whoop, Where the big, slow river lumbers down to meet the sun-lit sea, And the village drones and drowses while the palm-fronds lift or droop, For the old life glideth onward still—with ne'er a place for me.
In the hut and in the palace, in the sun-fleck'd forest glade, Where the vast trees crowding stagger 'neath their load of fern and vine, In that world of untouched Nature, 'mid the marvels God hath made, You are living on in listlessness the life that once was mine. Hark! I eatch the thud of tom-toms, and the drone of old-world song, The sleepy hum of insects, and the rush of startled beast— And I lack the words to tell you, O my Brothers, how I long For the glory and the glamour and the wonder of the East.
You be far—too far—my Brothers, gnarled brown faces that I know, Men who dealt with me aforetime, friend with friend and heart with heart— Our paths lie worlds asunder, since the Fates would have it so, For behold "the Order reached me," and to-day, old Friends, we part. Yet you will not quite forget me, O my Brothers over sea— Let me keep that fond illusion: it will help me on my way— And I pray you tell the little ones, who gather round your knee, Of those days we saw together in the land of the Malay.
And my thanks are yours, my Brothers, for a thousand acts of grace, For the trust wherewith you trusted, for the love wherewith you loved. For your honest, open greetings, lifted hand and friendly face, For the kindness that you dealt me when through all your land I roved. It was mine to toil and struggle, it was mine to war with wrong, It was mine to labour for you, aye, to sorrow, hope, and yearn; But I'll shout it from the house-tops from Barbados to Hong-Kong — If to you I rendered service, I from you had most to learn.
Hugh Clifford.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Carnegie

Edition of 1920. See also Carnegie, Pennsylvania on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
CARNEGIE, Pa., borough in Allegheny County, five miles southwest of Pittsburgh, on the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Chicago and Saint Louis, the Pittsburgh, Chartiers and Youghiogheny and the Wabash Pittsburgh railroads. It has a Carnegie library, an Elks' Home, a high school and a fine orphan asylum. It is the centre of a coal-mining region and has extensive steel works. There are also lead works and manufactures of granite ware and stoves. In 1914 there were 432 persons engaged in manufactures in 19 establishments, the salaries and wages amounted to $328,000, the capital invested amounted to $2,202,000, the value of the materials used was $902,000, and the value of the products amounted to $1,724,000. The borough was formed in 1894 by the
consolidation of Chartiers and Mansfield. It is governed by a burgess, who is chosen for a term of three years, and a council. Pop. (1910) 10,009; (1914) 11,000.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Carnegie Hero Fund

Edition of 1920. See also Carnegie Hero Fund on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
CARNEGIE HERO FUND. During 1904, through the munificence of Mr. Carnegie, a fund called the Carnegie Hero Fund was created for adequately rewarding such persons as should perform deeds of heroism which would otherwise receive no appreciation beyond a possible paragraph in a daily newspaper. Mr. Carnegie endowed the Fund with $5,000,000, the expenditure of which was to be directed by a commission of his own naming, of which Mr. Charles L. Taylor was appointed president. In his deed of trust to the commission Mr. Carnegie expressed himself as having long felt that heroes and those dependent upon them should be freed from pecuniary cares resulting from their heroism. In establishing the Fund it was his purpose to place in a somewhat better pecuniary position than before those following peaceful vocations who have been injured in heroic efforts to save human life, and, in case of their death, to provide for the widows and children as long as that should be necessary and advisable. He made the stipulation, however, that no grant was to be continued unless it were soberly and properly used and unless the recipients remained sober, respectable, well-behaved members of the community. In all cases a medal of gold, silver or bronze, according to which the deed in question was believed by the commission to call for, was to accompany each grant, and, in cases where no monetary aid was called for, an appropriate medal was in any event to be awarded, setting forth the heroic deed it commemorated. Subsequent resolutions and by-laws passed by the commission govern the operative work of the Fund, but the broad,
general lines of its scope remain those which Mr. Carnegie recited. It has been widely praised for its work on all sides, and has been an incalculably powerful factor in relieving people in want whose real worth was fully revealed for the first time perhaps through their deeds of unselfish heroism.
The field embraced is the United States, the Dominion of Canada, the colony of Newfoundland and the waters thereof.
Such acts must have been performed on or after 15 April 1904 and brought to the attention of the commission by letter addressed to the manager, Oliver Building, Pittsburgh, Pa., within three years of the date of the act. Up to 1915 the commission had awarded 723 bronze, 387 silver and 18 gold medals; $1,249,656 bad been awarded for disablement benefits and for educational and other specific purposes, and for the dependents of heroes who lost their lives. Pensions in force on 31 Dec. 1915 amounted to $79,200 annually. The commission had also awarded $169,462 for the relief of sufferers from disasters; Brockton, Mass., $10,000; California earthquake, $54,462; Monongah Mines, W. Va., $35,000; Darr Mine, Pa., $25,000; Lick Branch Mine, W. Va., $10,000; McCurtain Mine, Okla., $15,000; Jed Mine, W. Va., $10,000; and for the relief of Ohio and Indiana flood sufferers, $10,000.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Carneades

Edition of 1920. See also Carneades on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
CARNEADES, Greek philosopher: b. Cyrene, Africa, about 214 B.C.; d. 129 B.C. The date of his birth is uncertain. Cicero states be was 90 years old at the time of his death, which would place his date of birth in 219 B.C. He studied first under Diogenes the Stoic, but subsequently attended the lectures of Egesinus, who explained the doctrines of Arcesilaus; and succeeding his master in the chair of the Academy, he restored its reputation by softening the prevailing pyrrhonism and admitting practical probabilities. The doctrine of Carneades specifically was, that “as the senses, the understanding, and the imagination frequently deceive us, they cannot be the infallible judges of truth, but that from the impression made by the senses we infer appearances of truth, which, with respect to the conduct of life, are a sufficient guide.” He was a strenuous opposer of Chrysippus, and attacked with great vigor the system of theology of the Stoics. He was an advocate of free-will against the fate of the same sect and urged just the same difficulties in reconciling divine prescience with the freedom of human actions as have divided some contending sects of Christianity. One of the most distinguished events of his life was his being joined in an embassy to Rome with Diogenes the Stoic and Critolaus the Peripatetic, in order to gain the mitigation of a fine levied by the Roman Senate on the Athenians. This extraordinary embassy was successful, and Carneades so captivated the people by his eloquence, one day delivering a harangue in praise of justice, and on the next proving it to be an odious institution, that Cato the censor, fearful of its effect on the Roman youth, persuaded the Senate to send the philosophers back to their schools without delay. In his latter years Carneades became totally blind and continually complained of the shortness of life, lamenting that the same nature which composed the human frame could dissolve it. Consult Hicks, ‘Stoic and Epicurean’ (New York 1910).
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Carnauba

Edition of 1920. See also Copernicia prunifera on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
CARNAUBA, kär-nä-oo'bạ, the Brazilian name of the palm, Copernica cerifera, which has its leaves coated with waxy scales (whence the name wax-palm), yielding a useful wax by boiling. It withstands drought excellently. A slight saline composition in the soil produces the best trees. The fruit and pith are
eaten, the leaves, are variously employed and the wood is used in building.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Carnation (painting)

Edition of 1920. See also Carnation (painting) on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
CARNATION (Latin, caro, carnis, “flesh”), in painting, the representation of color of flesh. It is also used in the fine to signify the nude or undraped parts of a figure. The use of carnation requires very attentive study and great skill in the artist. It varies with the sex of the individual, with the classes and countries to which the subjects belong, with the passions, the state of the health, etc. The cheeks are, in a healthy subject, of a lively red; the breast, neck and upper part of the arms of a soft white; the belly yellowish. At the extremities the color becomes colder, and at the points assumes a violet tint, on account of the transparency of the skin. All these shades require to be softly blended. Two faults in carnation are chiefly to be avoided, — hardness, the fault of the masters of the 15th century, and too great weakness. Guido Reni not infrequently painted his flesh so that it appeared almost bloodless. The French school has gone farthest in this respect. The flesh of the followers of this school often looks like porcelain or wax. Titian and Rubens are unrivaled.
# The English Housekeeper/Chapter 26

CHAPTER XXVI.
ESSENCES.
Some of the following are useful in culinary, others in medicinal compounds, and some in both.
Essence of Ginger.
Put 3 oz. fresh grated ginger, and 1 oz. thinly cut lemon peel into a quart of brandy, let it stand ten days, and shake it every day.—Essence of Allspice—Oil of pimento, 1 drachm, strong spirits of wine, 2 oz., mix them by degrees; a few drops will flavour a pint of gravy or wine.—Essence of Nutmeg, Clove, or Mace—Put 1 drachm of either into 2 oz. of the strongest spirit of wine. A few drops will be sufficient.—Essence of Cinnamon—2 oz. spirits of wine, and 1 drachm of oil of cinnamon.
Essence of Savoury Spice.
1 oz. black pepper, ½ oz. allspice finely pounded, ¼ oz. grated nutmeg, infused in a pint of brandy ten days.
Essence of Cayenne.
Steep 1 oz. good cayenne in 1 pint of brandy, or spirits of wine, a fortnight, then strain and bottle it, for use.
Essence of Seville Orange and Lemon Peel.
Rub lump sugar on the lemon or orange, till quite saturated with the rind, then scrape the sugar so saturated into the jar you keep it in, rub the rind again, and so on, till you have enough, press the sugar down close, and keep it for use. This imparts a very nice flavour to custards and puddings. Tincture of lemon peel is made by paring the peel, and steeping it in brandy.