OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# A Chinese Biographical Dictionary/Ch'ên Ch'ien

​214 Ch'ên Ch'ien 陳蒨 (T. 子華). A.D. 522-566. Nephew of Ch'ên Pa-hsien, whom he succeeded in 559 as second sovereign of the Ch'ên dynasty. He was an industrious ruler, and made the Palace watchmen wake him every time they passed at night. His reign was disturbed only by one abortive rebellion, that of the Governors of Chiang-chou in Hupeh and 閩 Min-chou in Fuhkien. Canonised as 世祖文皇帝.
# A Chinese Biographical Dictionary/Ch'ên Chi-ch'ang (陳繼昌)

​212 Ch'ên Chi-ch'ang 陳繼昌. Graduated as 四元 "quadruple first" during the reign of Chia Ch'ing, A.D. 1796-1821, the only instance under the present dynasty; that is to say, in addition to the "triple first" (see Ch'en Chieh) he was also 貢元 first of the 拔貢生 or 優貢生.
# A Chinese Biographical Dictionary/Ch'ên Chên

​210 Ch'ên Chên 陳軫. 4th cent. B.C. Famous for the advice he gave 昭陽 Chao Yang not to attack the Ch'i State, the latter having sufficiently carried out instructions by the conquest of Wei. "It would be," said Chên, "as though you were to add feet to a snake."
# A Chinese Biographical Dictionary/Ch'ên Ching-yün

​215 Ch'ên Ching-yün 陳景雲 (T. 少章). A widely-read historical critic, who flourished under the reign of K'ang Hsi, A.D. 1662—1723. He failed to take his degree, and lived the life of a recluse. He wrote numerous critical works on history; among others, the 紀元要累, a manual for historical readers, giving concise histories of reigns from the Han to the end of the Ming dynasty.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Trumpet, Speaking and Hearing

See also Hearing aid and Megaphone on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​TRUMPET, Speaking and Hearing. The speaking trumpet, though some instrument of the kind appears to have been in earlier use, is connected in its modern form with the name of Athanasius Kircher and that of Sir Samuel Morland, who in 1670 proposed to the Royal Society of London the question of ​the best form for a speaking trumpet. Lambert, in the Berlin Memoirs for 1763, seems to have been the first to give a theory of the action of this instrument, based on an altogether imaginary analogy with the behaviour of light. In this theory, which is still commonly put forward, it is assumed that sound, like light, can be propagated in rays. This, however, is possible only when the aperture through which the wave-disturbance passes into free air is large compared with the wave-length. If the fusiform mouth of the speaking trumpet were half a mile or so in radius, Lambert’s theory might give an approximation to the truth. But with trumpets whose aperture is only a foot in diameter at the most the problem is one of diffraction.
In the hearing trumpet, the disturbance is propagated along the converging tube much in the same way as the tide-wave is propagated up the estuary of a tidal river. In speaking and hearing trumpets alike all reverberation of the instrument should be avoided by making it thick and of the least elastic materials, and by covering it externally with cloth. (See Sound.)
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Trunk

See also Trunk on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​TRUNK (Fr. tronc, Lat. truncus, cut off, maimed), properly the main stem of a tree from which the branches spring, especially the stem when stripped of the branches; hence, in a transferred sense, the main part of a human or animal body without the head, arms or legs. It is from this last sense that the term “trunk-hose” is derived. These were part of the typical male costume of the 16th century, consisting of a pair of large puffed and slashed over-hose, reaching from the waist to the middle of the thigh, the legs clad in the long hose being thrust through them; the upper part of the body was covered by the jerkin or jacket reaching to the thigh (see Costume). The word “trunk” as applied to the elongated proboscis of the elephant is due to a mistaken confusion of French trompe, trump, with “trunk” meaning the hollow stem of a tree. A somewhat obscure meaning of French tronc, i.e. an alms-box, has given rise to the general use of “trunk” for a form of travellers’ luggage.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Truro, Thomas Wilde, 1st Baron

See also Thomas Wilde, 1st Baron Truro on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​TRURO, THOMAS WILDE, 1st Baron (1782–1855), lord chancellor of England, was born in London on the 7th of July ​1782, being the second son of Thomas Wilde, an attorney. He was educated at St Paul’s School and was admitted an attorney in 1805. He subsequently entered the Inner Temple and was called to the bar in 1817, having practised for two years before as a special pleader. Retained for the defence of Queen Caroline in 1820 he distinguished himself by his cross-examination and laid the foundation of an extensive common law practice. He first entered parliament in the Whig interest as member for Newark (1831–1832 and 1835–1841), afterwards representing Worcester (1841–1846). He was appointed solicitor-general in 1839, and became attorney-general in succession to Sir John (afterwards Baron) Campbell in 1841. In 1846 he was appointed chief justice of the common pleas, an office he held until 1850, when he became lord chancellor, and was created Baron Truro of Bowes, Middlesex. He held this latter office until the fall of the ministry in 1852. He died in London on the nth of November 1855. His son Charles (1816–1891) succeeded as 2nd baron, but on the death of his nephew the 3rd baron in 1899 the title became extinct.
Lord Truro was the uncle of James Plaisted Wilde, Baron Penzance (1816–1899), who was appointed a baron of the court of exchequer in i860, and was judge of the court of probate and divorce from 1863 to 1872. In 1875 he was appointed dean of the court of arches, retiring in 1899. He was created a peer in 1869, but died without issue, and the title became extinct.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Truro (Nova Scotia)

See also Truro, Nova Scotia on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​TRURO, the chief town of Colchester county, Nova Scotia, on the Salmon river, near the head of Cobequid Bay, 61 m. from Halifax by rail. Pop. (1901), 5993. It is an important junction on the Intercolonial and Midland railways, and the thriving centre of a lumbering and agricultural district. There are numerous local industries, such as engine and boiler works, carriage factory and milk-condensing factory. It also contains the county buildings and the provincial normal school. The Victoria (or Joseph Howe) Park in the vicinity is of great natural beauty.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Truss

See also Truss on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​TRUSS (from O. Fr. trusser, trosser, torser, trouser, to pack, bind, gird up, Low Lat. torliare, formed from tortus, twisted, torquers, to twist; cf. “ torch ” and “ trousers, ” also trousseau, a bride’s outfit, literally a small pack or bundle), a pack or bundle, applied specifically to a quantity of hay or straw tied together in a bundle. A truss of straw contains 36 ℔, of old hay 56 ℔, of new hay 60 ℔. A load contains 36 trusses. The term is also used generally of a supporting frame or structure, especially in the construction of a roof or a bridge. It is thus used as the name of a surgical appliance, a belt with an elastic spring keeping in place a pad used as a support in cases of hernia (q.v.).
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Trump

See also Trump (card games) on Wikipedia; trump on Wiktionary; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​TRUMP (1) (O. Fr. trompe), originally the name of a musical instrument, of which “trumpet” is a diminutive; the term is now chiefly used in the sense of the sound of a trumpet, or a sound resembling it, such as is made by an elephant. It has been usually accepted that the Romanic forms (cf. Span. and Port. trompa) represent a corruption of Latin tuba, tube. On the other hand a distinct imitative or echoic origin is sometimes assigned. (2) In the sense of a playing card belonging to the suit which beats all other cards of other suits for the period during which its rank lasts, “trump” is a corruption of “triumph.” The name was first used of a game of cards, also known as “ruff,” which was the parent of the modern game of whist. There are traces in English of an early confusion with a term meaning to deceive or trick, cf. “trumpery,” properly deceit, imposture, hence idle talk, gossip, now chiefly used as an adjective, worthless, trivial. This is an adaptation of French tromper, to deceive, which, according to the generally received explanation, meant “to play on the trumpet,” se tromper de quelqu'un being equivalent to play with a person, hence to cheat.
# A Bride from the Bush

Hornung's first novel: first serialized in the Cornhill Magazine. A Bride from the Bush points out flaws in British society by presenting the country through an Australian perspective. While a reviewer from The New York Times called the novel "a most piquant contrast between civilization and crudity," the writer (Rolf Boldrewood) called the titular character "a libel to Australian womankind". Warning: template has been deprecated.
A BRIDE FROM THE BUSH
CONTENTS
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# A Breeze From Alabama

This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# A Breaker of Laws/End matter

HARPER & BROTHERS'
New Popular Fiction.
The Latest Volumes by H. G. WELLS
Author or "The Wheels of Chance," "The War of the Worlds."
LOVE AND MR. LEWISHAM. Crown 8vo., 6s.
The Daily Telegraph says: "'In Love and Mr. Lewisham' he strikes a deeper note than heretofore. ... The most fascinating piece of work Mr. Wells has given us."
TALES OF TIME AND SPACE. Crown 8vo., 6s.
The Spectator says "The ingenuity with which the abiding principles of romance are adapted to the imaginary conditions of the mechanical millennium is nothing short of masterly."
WHEN THE SLEEPER WAKES.
Illustrated, crown 8vo., 6s.
L. F. Austin, writing in the Observer says: "A keen sense of social problems and a scientific training have given this extraordinary writer a power of illusion rare in the story-teller. He is a Poe with a greater intellect than Poe's."
By ROBERT W. CHAMBERS,
Author of "The Red Republic."
A GAY CONSPIRACY.
Illustrated, crown 8vo., 6s.
The Publishers' Circular says: "Mr. Chambers treats his subject with an adroit hand, and his bright, light-hearted style materially conduces to the interest and success of his novel."
By MRS. J. GLENNY WILSON,
Author of "Alice Lauder."
TWO SUMMERS.
Crown 8vo., cloth extra, 6s.
"The pictures of English country society, mercilessly faithful to all its drawbacks and insipidities, are highly entertaining; indeed, the whole book is excellent reading—Spectator.
London: HARPER & BROTHERS, 45, Albemarle St., W.
THE WORKS
OF
THOMAS HARDY.
FIRST UNIFORM AND COMPLETE EDITION.
With Frontispiece Etchings, and a Map of 'The Country of the Novels,' drawn by the Author. Crown 9vo., cloth extra, gilt tops. 6s. per volume.
Each novel is revised by the Author, and contains a Preface specially prepared for this Edition.
* TESS OF THE D'URBERVILLES
* FAR FROM THE MADDING CROWD.
* THE MAYOR OF CASTERBRIDGE.
* A PAIR OF BLUE EYES.
* TWO ON A TOWER.
* THE RETURN OF THE NATIVE.
* THE WOODLANDERS.
* JUDE THE OBSCURE.
* DESPERATE REMEDIES.
* THE HAND OF ETHELBERTA.
* THE TRUMPET MAJOR.
* UNDER THE GREENWOOD TREE.
* A LAODICEAN.
* A GROUP OF NOBLE DAMES.
* LIFE'S LITTLE IRONIES.
* WESSEX TALES.
* THE WELL-BELOVED.
'I believe there are many—I have long since joined their ranks—who consider Mr. Hardy in many respects the most remarkable of English-speaking novelists.'—Sir Walter Besant.
HARPER & BROTHERS, London and New York.
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Seton, Lady

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SETON, LADY,
Was the wife of Sir Alexander Seton, who was acting-governor of Berwick-upon-Tweed, at the time that important fortress was besieged by Edward the Third. The garrison, being reduced to a scarcity of provisions, proposed to surrender upon the terms that there should be an armistice of five days, and if in that interval the town and castle should not be relieved by two hundred men-at-arms, or by battle, they should be given up to Edward; the lives and property of the inhabitants to be protected. The eldest son of Sir Alexander Seton was one of the hostages delivered by ​the Scots for the performance of the conditions: the younger son of Seton was also a prisoner in Edward's hands, having been taken in a sally.
No sooner had Edward obtained the hostages, than he insisted on the immediate surrender of the town, threatening Sir Alexander, that if he refused, his two sons should immediately be hung in front of the ramparts. The governor was thunderstruck, and in his agony, was on the point of sacrificing his country's honour to his paternal tenderness, when he was roused and supported in his duty by his wife, the mother of these two sons Lady Seton came suddenly forward, and called upon her husband to stand firm to his honour and his country. She represented, that if the savage monarch did really put his threat into execution, they would become the most wretched of parents, but their sons would have died nobly for their country, and they themselves could wear out life in sorrow for their loss; but that, if he abandoned his honour, their king, their country, their consciences, nay, their sons themselves, would regard them with contempt; and that they should not only be miserable, but entail lasting disgrace on those they sought to save. Never did Spartan or Roman matron plead with the eloquence of the most exalted virtue, more forcibly against the weakness of her own or her husband's mind. And when she saw, across the water, preparations actually making for the death of her sons, and beheld her husband, at the dreadful spectacle, again giving way, she drew him from the horrid scene, and thus saved his honour, though at the sacrifice of their children. The tyrant put them to death. This was in July, 1332.
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Senena, or Sina

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SENENA, or SINA,
Wife of Gryffydh, son of Llewellyn, Prince of North Wales. Gryffydh having been supplanted and imprisoned by his younger brother, David, Senena, a woman of spirit and address, in concert with the Bishop of Bangor, and many of the Welsh nobility, entered into a treaty with Henry the Third, hoping to interest him in her husband's cause. She managed the business so well that she induced Henry to demand Gryffydh of his brother, who gave him up, but, at the same time, infused such suspicions of Gryffydh into the breast of Henry, that he confined him in the Tower of ​London. After two years' imprisonment, Gryffydh was killed by a fall, while attempting to escape, in the presence of his wife and son, who shared his captivity, 1244. This son afterwards became joint sovereign of Wales, with his brother.
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Seturnan, Madame

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SETURNAN, MADAME,
A native of Cologne, excelled in the arts, and acquired a wide reputation. She was a painter, musician, engraver, sculptor, philosopher, geometrician, and a theologian. She understood and spoke nine languages.
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Semiramis

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SEMIRAMIS,
A celebrated Queen of Assyria, was the wife of Menones, governor of Nineveh, and accompanied him to the siege of Bactria, where by her advice and bravery she hastened the king's operations, and took the city. Her wisdom and beauty attracted the attention of Ninus, King of Assyria, who asked her of her husband, offering him his daughter Sozana in her stead; but Menones refused his consent; and when Ninus added threats to entreaties, he hung himself. Semiramis then married Ninus, about B. C. 2200, and became the mother of Ninyas. She acquired so great an influence over the king, that she is said to have persuaded him to resign the crown for one day, and command that she should be proclaimed queen and sole empress of Assyria for that time; when one of her first orders was that Ninus should be put to death, in order that she might retain possession of the sovereign authority.
She made Babylon the most magnificent city in the world; she visited every part of her dominions, and left everywhere monuments of her greatness. She levelled mountains, filled up valleys, and had water conveyed by immense aqueducts to barren deserts and un-fruitful plains. She was not less distinguished as a warrior. She conquered many of the neighbouring nations, Ethiopia among the rest; and she defeated the King of India, at the river Indus; but pursuing him into his own country, he drew her into an ambush, and put her to flight, with the loss of a great number of her troops. To prevent him from pursuing her still farther, she destroyed the bridge over the Indus, as soon as her troops had crossed it. After exchanging prisoners at Bactria, she returned home with hardly a third of her army, which, if we believe Ctesias, consisted of 300,000 foot-soldiers and 5000 horse, besides camels and armed chariots. At her return, finding her son engaged in a conspiracy against her, she resigned the government to him. Ninyas is said, notwithstanding, to have killed his mother himself, in the sixty-second year of her age, and the twenty-fifth of her reign.
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Serment, Louise Anastasie

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SERMENT, LOUISE ANASTASIE,
Born at Grenoble, in 1642, was admitted to the academy of the Ricovrati at Padua, and acquired great celebrity by her learning. She also wrote poems in French and Latin; and it was said that all the best part of the operas of Quinault was her work. She died in 1692.
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Sessi, Marianne, and sisters

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SESSI, MARIANNE, AND SISTERS.
Sessi is a name well known in the annals of modern music, and celebrated among the vocalists of Italy. Of five sisters of this name, Marianne Sessi was the oldest. She was engaged, in 1793, at the opera seria of Vienna, went in 1804 to Italy, and then for a longer period to London. In 1817 and 1818, she visited the north of Germany, Leipzic, Dresden, Berlin, Hamburg, etc., and went finally from Copenhagen to Stockholm, where she remained. The second of the sisters, Imperatrice Sessi, has acquired the greatest reputation of all. Her talent was cultivated in Vienna. In 1804 she went to Venice, where, during the carnival, she enjoyed the highest triumph. She enchanted the audience so much, that sonnets of all colours and shapes were thrown on the stage; her likeness was handed around among the spectators; a bouquet in a richly decorated golden vase was presented to her; and at the close she was crowned with a wreath of laurel. She died in October, 1808, in her twenty-eighth year, of consumption, at Florence, deeply mourned by all lovers of music. The talent of her younger sister, Anna Maria Sessi, developed itself early. She was born at Rome, in 1798, but came to Vienna in the first year of her existence, where she modelled her art after that of her sisters. In Florence she devoted herself still more thoroughly to the cultivation of her voice; and here laid the foundation of a true Italian singer. In 1813, she was married at Vienna; and on all her subsequent travels was welcomed everywhere as a rare phenomenon of song. It is said, that in the recitative she had no rival, even among the Italians.
The fourth and fifth of these sisters, Vittoria and Caroline, of whom the former was married in Vienna, and the latter in Naples, are less generally known. A cousin of the above-named sisters, Maria Theresa Sessi, was also noted for her talent in music.
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Sevigne, Marie de Rubutin Chantal, Marchioness of

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SEVIGNE, MARIE DE RUBUTIN CHANTAL, MARCHIONESS OF,
Daughter of the Baron de Chantal, was born, in 1627, at Bourbilly, in Burgundy, and was early left an orphan. Her maternal uncle, Christopher de Coulanges, brought her up, and she was taught by Menage and Chapelain. At the age of eighteen she married the Marquis de Sévigné, who was killed in a duel seven years afterwards. Left with a son and daughter, she devoted herself entirely to their education. To her daughter, who, in 1669, married the Count de Grignan, governor of Provence, she was particularly attached; and to her was addressed the greater part of those letters which have placed the Marchioness de Sévigné in the first rank of epistolary writers. This illustrious lady was acquainted with all the wits and learned men of her time; and she is said to have decided the famous dispute between Perrault and Boileau, concerning the preference of the ancients to the moderns, saying, "the ancients are the finest, and we are the prettiest."
"Her letters," says Voltaire, "filled with anecdotes, written with freedom, and in a natural and animated style, are an excellent criticism upon studied letters of wit; and still more upon those ​fictitious letters, which aim to Imitate the epistolary style, by a recital of false sentiments and feigned adventures to imaginary correspondents." She died in 1698, in her seventy-first year, at her daughter's residence in Provence, of a fever brought on in consequence of the anxiety she bad endured during a dangerous illness of Madame de Grignan.
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Seward, Anna

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SEWARD, ANNA,
Daughter of the Rev. Thomas Seward, was born, in 1747, at Eyam, in Derbyshire. Very early in life she manifested a talent for poetry, which her father in vain tried to discourage. She acquired considerable reputation as a poet; and also wrote "A Life of Dr. Darwin," in which she claims the first fifty lines of his "Botanic Garden" as her own.
In 1754, Mr. Seward removed with his family to Lichfield, the birth-place of Johnson and Garrick, and the residence of Dr. Darwin; and Miss Seward continued to live there till her death in 1809. Her only sister dying in 1764, just as she was on the eve of marrying Dr. Porter, step-son to Dr. Johnson, Anna found her society so indispensible to her parents, that she rejected all offers of matrimony on their account; although, being young, beautiful, and an heiress, she was of course much sought. She was remarkable for the ardour and constancy of her friendships, as well as for her filial devotion.
Her sonnets have procured her the greater part of her celebrity as a poetess; though her poetical novel, entitled "Louisa," was very favourably received at the time of its publication. Miss Seward died in 1809, aged sixty, two years. Among her publications were six volumes of "Letters." The "Description of the Life of an English Country Clergyman some eighty or ninety years ago," is a fair specimen of her prose, which we think is superior to her poetry.
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Selvaggia, Ricciarda

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SELVAGGIA, RICCIARDA,
Was of a noble family of Pistoia, and beloved by Cino, a famous scholar and poet of the fourteenth century. The parents of Ricciarda were haughty, and though she returned the love of the young poet, it was unknown to her family. At length her father, who belonged to the faction of the Bianchi, was banished, with his family, from Pistoia, by the faction of the Neri. They took refuge in a little fortress among the Appenines, where they suffered severe privations. Cino hastened to comfort them, and the parents now received him gladly; but Ricciarda drooped under the pressure of anxiety and want, and died in a few months. Her parents and her lover buried her in a nook among the mountains; and many years ​afterwards, when Cino had been crowned with wreaths and honours, he made a pilgrimage to her tomb. Ricciarda, or Selvaggia, as she is usually called, possessed poetical talents which were then considered of a high order. Some of her "MadrigaIs" are now extant; but her chief fame rests on her being the beloved of Cino. In the history of Italian poetry, Selvaggia is distinguished as the "bel numero una," the fair number one of the four celebrated women of the fourteenth century. The others were Dante's Beatrice, Petrarch's Laura, and Boccaccio's Fiammetta.