OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Proclamation 7670

Delivered on 30 April 2003.
By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation
America was founded on the ideals of liberty and equality for all, and the Framers of the Constitution created three branches of the national Government to uphold these principles. The third branch, the Judicial, is responsible for administering justice fairly and impartially. On Law Day, we recognize the achievements of our Nation's legal system and our independent Judiciary in sustaining the rights and liberties we cherish.
George Washington wrote, "The administration of justice is the firmest pillar of government." Our Judicial branch upholds the rule of law in our society and strengthens our democracy. Under the Constitution, judges are granted the solemn responsibility of providing fair and impartial resolution of criminal and civil disputes.
This year's Law Day theme, "Independent Courts Protect Our Liberties," focuses on one of the foundations of our constitutional system: judicial independence, provided in the Federal system by life tenure and an assured level of compensation. In order to ensure equality for all citizens and fairness in the judicial process, our judges must serve as impartial arbiters who do not have a stake in their decisions or seek to achieve a biased outcome or particular result in the cases they oversee.
Our constitutional system of separation of powers places careful limits on the powers of judges and separates the responsibilities of making laws and interpreting laws between the Legislative and Judicial branches. Independent Federal judges have the autonomy to make decisions and interpret the law unfettered by outside influences. In this way, we are assured that our laws will be interpreted justly and applied with uniformity.
Our Nation's judges must be men and women of exemplary character, wisdom, experience, and good temperament, and have a willingness to work hard. They must be jurists who will honor the public office with which they are entrusted.
This Law Day, we recognize the vital role of independent judges in upholding justice in courts throughout our land, and we resolve to continue to support and strengthen the Judicial branch, thereby helping to preserve our rights and liberties.
Now, Therefore, I, George W. Bush, President of the United States of America, in accordance with Public Law 87-20, as amended, do hereby proclaim May 1, 2003, as Law Day, U.S.A. I call upon all the people of the United States to observe this day with appropriate ceremonies and activities. I also call upon Government officials to display the flag of the United States in support of this national observance.
In Witness Whereof, I have hereunto set my hand this thirtieth day of April, in the year of our Lord two thousand three, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and twenty-seventh.
George W. Bush
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Royal Naval Biography/Chambers, Samuel

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SAMUEL CHAMBERS, Esq. [Post-Captain of 1812.]
Second son of the late Rev. Charles Chambers, rector of South Kilworth, Leicestershire, and a magistrate of that county.
This officer was born May 25, 1782; and he appears to have entered the navy in Aug. 1794, as a midshipman, on board the Orion, third rate. Captain John T. Duckworth, with whom he subsequently proceeded to the Jamaica station, in the Leviathan 74, which ship formed part of the squadron under Rear-Admiral William Parker, and sustained a loss of 5 men killed and 12 wounded, at the unsuccessful attack upon Leogane, St. Domingo, Mar. 22, 1796.
In July, 1798, Mr. Chambers was appointed acting Lieutenant of the Seahorse frigate, Captain Edward James Foote, on the Mediterranean station. While serving under that officer, he was very actively employed, and on one occasion wounded, in a boat affair, on the coast of Italy. We next find him accompanying Rear-Admiral Duckworth, in the Leviathan, to the Leeward Islands, where he was promoted into the Diana 38, Captain John Poo Beresford, in July, 1800.
After a service of three years and six months, under Captains Beresford and T. J. Maling, the greater part thereof as first Lieutenant, Mr. Chambers left the Diana, and again joined his early patron, by whom he was advanced to the rank of Commander, in the Port Mahon brig, at Jamaica, June 6, 1804.
In the course of the ensuing three years. Captain Chambers captured, recaptured, and destroyed, at least fifty vessels; among which were El Galgo Spanish packet, the Aranzaza ​letter of marque, and El Courier privateer. He also chased the San Josef armed brig into the intricate harbour of Banes, Cuba, from whence she was cut out in a most gallant manner by his boats, under the command of Lieutenant John Marshall.
In 1808, being then on the Channel station, the Port Mahon captured two French privateers – le Furet, of 16 guns and 47 men; and le General Paris, of 3 guns and 38 men.
Captain Chambers was next appointed to the Arachne brig, in which he once more proceeded to the West Indies, and continued until his promotion to post rank, Aug. 12, 1812, His subsequent appointments were, Sept. 5, 1814, to the Duncan 74, bearing the flag of Sir John P. Beresford, and intended for the conveyance of the royal family of Portugal from Brazil to Lisbon; Jan. 15, 1816, to the Dee 24, fitting for the Halifax station; Nov. 14, 1821, to the Dover 28, flag-ship of the above officer during his command at Leith; and July 27, 1825, to the Druid 46, in which frigate the celebrated General Bolivar was conveyed from la Guiara to Carthagena in 1827.
Captain Chambers married, while commanding the Port Mahon, Susan Matilda, daughter of William Wylly, Esq. H.M. Attorney General at the Bahamas, and was left a widower, with three children, in 1813. His eldest brother is a Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford.
Agents.– Messrs. Atkins and Son.
* ↑ See Vol. I. Part II. pp. 560–566.
* ↑ Not at all related to the author of this work.
# Royal Naval Biography/Cheape, James

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JAMES CHEAPE, Esq. [Commander.]
Was made a lieutenant on the 5th Sept. 1816; and commander Mar. 12th, 1827.
# Royal Naval Biography/Cavendish, George John

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HON. GEORGE JOHN CAVENDISH. [Captain of 1830.]
Third son of Lord Waterpark, an Irish peer, by Juliana, daughter and co-heiress of Thomas Cooper, of Cooper’s Hill and Mullimast Castle, co. Kildare, Esq.
This officer was made a lieutenant into the Egeria 26, Captain Robert Rowley, at Newfoundland, July 14th, 1818; removed to the Tamar 26, Captain the Hon. John Gordon, Nov. 21st in the same year; and paid off from the latter ship about the end of Dec. 1819. His next appointment was, July 29th, 1821, to the Tees 26, Captain Thomas Coe, fitting out for the East India station, from whence he returned home under the command of Captain Frederick Marryat, towards the close of 1825. During the Burmese war, he was sent up the Irrawaddy, with the boats of the Tees under his command, to co-operate with the British forces advancing upon Ava; and, as we have stated in p. 81 of the Appendix to Vol. III. Part I. he joined the flotilla just after the capture of Donoobew. His commission as commander bears date Aug. 7th, 1826; he was appointed second captain of the Winchester 52, fitting out for the flag of Vice-Admiral (now Sir E. Griffith) Colpoys, Oct. 3d, 1829; and promoted to his present rank, Nov. 25th, 1830.
# Royal Naval Biography/Chalmers, Charles William

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CHARLES WILLIAM CHALMERS, Esq. [Commander.]
Son of Sir Robert Chalmers, Knt. commander of the lazaretto ship Alexander, stationed at the Motherbank, who died on the 4th Sept. 1807.
We first find this officer serving as midshipman of the ​Sceptre 64, Captain Valentine Edwards, on the East India station. When that ill-fated ship was wrecked in Table Bay, Nov. 5th, 1799, he had the good fortune to be on shore. He obtained a lieutenant’s commission in Nov. 1805; the rank of commander, on the 15th June, 1814; and married, July 27th, 1815, Isabella, widow of T. Scott, Esq. of Calcutta.
# Royal Naval Biography/Chamberlayne, John

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JOHN CHAMBERLAYNE, Esq. [Commander.]
Was made lieutenant into the Weazel sloop, Captain (now the Hon.) Frederick Noel, on the Mediterranean station, Jan. 11th, 1814. He obtained his present rank on the 28th Aug. 1828.
# Royal Naval Biography/Chappell, Edward

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EDWARD CHAPPELL, Esq. [Commander.]
When midshipman of the Kingfisher sloop, Captain R. W. Cribb, assisted in boarding and cutting out the Spanish privateer schooner Isabella la Demos, from under the batteries ​of a small bay near La Guira, on the Spanish Main, in April 1805. On his return from this service, his captain thus addressed him:– “Mr. Chappell, my first lieutenant,” (Standish) “has informed me of your gallant conduct. Take this” (the Spanish commander’s) “sword for your reward, and God grant that you may always shew yourself as undaunted as you then were.”
The Kingfisher was with the squadron under Sir John T. Duckworth at the battle of St. Domingo, Feb. 6th, 1806, after which Mr. Chappell assisted in completing the destruction of two French line-of-battle ships, and bringing off their crews through a tremendous sea.
In May following, we find the Kingfisher employed off Rochefort, where she rendered essential assistance to the Pallas frigate Captain Lord Cochrane, after her gallant action with a French squadron under the batteries of l’Isle d’Aix. On the 27th Sept. 1806, she was with the squadron under Sir Thomas Louis, at the capture of le Presidente frigate.
Mr. Chappell was present at the capture of the Danish West India islands, in Dec. 1807; and belonged to the Intrepid 64, when she engaged, and was very severely handled by, two French frigates. He served on shore, under Captain C. J. W. Nesham, at the reduction of Martinique, in Feb. 1809; and was severely wounded in the thigh, when commanding a gun-boat at the defence of Cadiz, in 1810. His promotion to the rank of lieutenant took place on the 18th April, 1811. He subsequently served under Captains Donald Campbell and Edward Stopford, in the Rosamond 20, on the Newfoundland station. In Feb. 1815, he was appointed first lieutenant of the Leven 20, Captain B. S. Bluett, which ship appears to have been very actively employed on the coast of la Vendee, during the war of one hundred days. His next appointment was, Aug 20th, 1816, to the coast blockade, under Captain William M‘Culloch. ​In 1818, we find him superintendent of one of the ships lent by government for the reception of distressed seamen. He obtained the rank of commander on the 19th April, 1826; and is now agent for H.M. packets on the Milford station.
This officer has published two “Narratives,” one “of a Voyage to Newfoundland and the Coast of Labrador,” the other “of a Voyage to Hudson’s Bay, in H.M.S. Rosamond, containing some account of the north-eastern coast of America, and of the tribes inhabiting that remote region.” Both of these publications are illustrated with plates and charts.
* ↑ See Vol. I. Part I. p. 261, et seq.
* ↑ See Vol. IV. Part I, p. 158.
* ↑ See Suppl. Part I. p. 176.
* ↑ See Vol. II. Part II. p. 589.
* ↑ See Suppl. Part II. p. 410, et seq, and p. 454.
# Royal Naval Biography/Chasman, William

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WILLIAM CHASMAN, Esq. [Commander.]
Was made a lieutenant in Oct. 1805; and distinguished himself as second of the Kent 74, Captain (afterwards Rear-Admiral) Thomas Rogers, at the capture of a French gun-vessel and ten sail of deeply laden coasters, in the Gulf of Genoa, Aug. 1st, 1808. He was promoted to his present rank, while serving as first of the Superb 78, Commodore Sir Thomas M. Hardy, on the South American station, Jan. 29th, 1821.
Commander Chasman married, in 1826, the only daughter of the late W. Ireland, Esq., H.M. dock-yard at Devonport.
* ↑ See Suppl. Part III. p. 364.
* ↑ See Vol. III. Part II. note at p. 32.
# Rootabaga Stories/The Wooden Indian and the Shaghorn Buffalo

The Wooden Indian and the Shaghorn Buffalo
One night a milk white moon was shining down on Main Street. The sidewalks and the stones, the walls and the windows all stood out milk white. And there was a thin blue mist drifted and shifted like a woman's veil up and down Main Street, up to the moon and back again. Yes, all Main Street was a mist blue and a milk white, mixed up and soft all over and all through.
It was past midnight. The Wooden Indian in front of the cigar store stepped down off ​his stand. The Shaghorn Buffalo in front of the haberdasher shop lifted his head and shook his whiskers, raised his hoofs out of his hoof-tracks.
Then—this is what happened. They moved straight toward each other. In the middle of Main Street they met. The Wooden Indian jumped straddle of the Shaghorn Buffalo. And the Shaghorn Buffalo put his head down and ran like a prairie wind straight west on Main Street.
At the high hill over the big bend of the Clear Green River they stopped. They stood looking. Drifting and shifting like a woman's blue veil, the blue mist filled the valley and the milk white moon filled the valley. And the mist and the moon touched with a lingering, wistful kiss the clear green water of the Clear Green River.
So they stood looking
​heavy shoulders slumping down close to the ground.
And after they had looked a long while, and each of them got an eyeful of the high hill, the big bend and the moon mist on the river all blue and white and soft, after they had looked a long while, they turned around and the Shaghorn Buffalo put his head down and ran like a prairie wind down Main Street till he was exactly in front of the cigar store and the haberdasher shop. Then whisk! both of them were right back like they were before, standing still, taking whatever comes.
This is the story as it came from the night policeman of the Village of Cream Puffs. He told the people the next day, "I was sitting on the steps of the cigar store last night watching for burglars. And when I saw the Wooden Indian step down and the Shaghorn Buffalo step out, and the two of them go down Main Street like the wind, I says to myself, marvelish, 'tis marvelish, 'tis marvelish."
# Progress and Poverty (George, D. Appleton & Company, fifth edition)/Book 4

BOOK IV.
EFFECT OF MATERIAL PROGRESS UPON THE DISTRIBUTION OF WEALTH.
* chapter i.—the dynamics of the problem yet to seek.
* chapter ii.—effect of increase of population upon the distribution of wealth.
* chapter iii.—effect of improvements in the arts upon the distribution of wealth.
* chapter iv.—effect of the expectation raised by material progress.
Hitherto, it is questionable if all the mechanical inventions yet made have lightened the day's toil of any human being.—John Stuart Mill.
# Progress and Poverty (George, D. Appleton & Company, fifth edition)/Book 3

BOOK III.
THE LAWS OF DISTRIBUTION.
* chapter i.—the inquiry narrowed to the laws of distribution—necessary relation of these laws.
* chapter ii.—rent and the law of rent.
* chapter iii.—interest and the cause of interest.
* chapter iv.—of spurious capital and of profits often mistaken for interest.
* chapter v.—the law of interest.
* chapter vi.—wages and the law of wages.
* chapter vii.—correlation and co-ordination of these laws.
* chapter viii.—the statics of the problem thus explained.
The machines that are first invented to perform any particular movement are always the most complex, and succeeding artists generally discover that with fewer wheels, with fewer principles of motion than had originally been employed, the same effects may be more easily produced. The first philosophical systems, In the same manner, are always the most complex, and a particular connecting chain, or principle, is generally thought necessary to unite every two seemingly disjointed appearances; but it often happens that one great connecting principle is afterward found to be sufficient to bind together all the discordant phenomena that occur in a whole species of things.—Adam Smith, Essay on the Principles which Lead and Direct Philosophical Inquiries, as Illustrated by the History of Astronomy.
# Royal Naval Biography/Russell, Robert

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ROBERT RUSSELL, Esq. [Commander.]
Is, we believe, related to the Marchioness of Cleveland.
This officer passed his examination on the 8th April, 1826, being then upwards of twenty years of age; obtained his first commission on the 30th April, 1827; served as lieutenant under Captain (now Sir Thomas) Fellowes, in the Dartmouth frigate, at the battle of Navarin; and was promoted to the command of the Wolf sloop, on the Mediterranean station, Dec. 2d, 1829. He joined that vessel, from the Dartmouth, Feb. 12th, 1830; and was dismissed the service for getting her ashore at the back of the Isle of Wight, on the night of March 10th following. His trial by court-martial took place at Portsmouth, and his judges agreed that the Wolf “was run on shore by the inattention and neglect of her commander, and of Mr. Richard Hodges, her master, by not making a proper allowance for the flood tide, and by disobeying the standing orders stated in the general printed instructions, at page 87, – that on all occasions when a ship is in pilot water, or in the neighbourhood of land, of rocks, and of shoals, the captain or commander is to take particular care that the lead is kept constantly going, whether the pilot or master think it necessary or not; and at page 107, – that the master is to be always attentive to the manner in which she is conducted, and to see the lead carefully hove.” In addition to the dismissal of Commander Russell, Mr. Hodges was sentenced to be severely reprimanded, and placed at the bottom of the list of masters.
The subject of this sketch was restored to his former rank about Nov. 1830; and appointed to the Victor sloop, lying in the River Douro, destined to the West Indies, Dec. 27th, 1831. He subsequently captured a Spanish vessel from Africa, bound to Cuba, having on board 526 slaves. He returned home, via Halifax and Newfoundland, Sept. 23d, 1834.
# Royal Naval Biography/Rowley, Samuel Campbell

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SAMUEL CAMPBELL ROWLEY, Esq [Post-Captain of 1802.]
This officer, a brother of Rear-Admiral Sir Josias Rowley, Bart., K.C.B. M.P., was made a Commander April 6, 1799; commanded the Terror bomb, during the expedition against Copenhagen, in 1801; and obtained post rank, April 29, 1802; from which period we find no mention of him till his appointment to the Laurel frigate, which took place about Feb. 1811. On the 31st Jan. in the following year, he had the misfortune to be wrecked, in consequence of striking on a sunken rock, called the Govivas, when proceeding through the Teigneuse passage, in company with the Rota and Rhin. His behaviour on this disastrous occasion was highly praise-worthy, he having remained on the wreck, exposed to a heavy and well-directed fire from the French batteries and field pieces, till every officer, man, and boy, had been removed by the boats sent from other ships in the offing to their relief. A long account of the circumstances attending the Laurel’s loss will be found in the Naval Chronicle, v. 27, p. 228 et seq., by which it appears that two of her crew, inspired by gratitude, Captain Rowley having once pardoned them for attempting to go on shore without leave, expressed their determination of staying by him to the last, with the view of supporting him in the water, should the ship go to pieces before any ​assistance could arrive; and it is added, that from their uncommon dexterity as swimmers, they would most probably have succeeded. By the same account we learn that the jolly-boat, with 2 men, broke adrift, and was supposed to have been lost among the rocks, and that 96 officers and men were taken prisoners; among the former were 2 Lieutenants, who had been sent on shore to solicit assistance from the enemy, and to request the French commandant to cease firing, but which he inhumanly refused, notwithstanding a flag of truce and the signal of distress had previously been displayed.
Captain Rowley was tried by a court-martial, and acquitted of all blame on account of the loss of his ship, Feb. 19, 1812. In 1815, he commanded the Impregnable of 104 guns, bearing the flag of his brother, on the Mediterranean station 5 and he has subsequently served as flag Captain to the same officer on the coast of Ireland. He married, Sept. 16, 1805, Miss Thompson, of Cork; and received the freedom of that city in a silver box, in 1819. His lady died about June 1821.
Agents.– Messrs. Cooke, Halford, and Son.
# Royal Naval Biography/Russel, Robert

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ROBERT RUSSEL, Esq. [Commander.]
Was made a lieutenant on the 1st Mar. 1805; and slightly wounded while commanding a sub-division of gun-boats, at the reduction of Flushing, in Aug. 1809. He obtained his present rank, together with an appointment to the Cygnet sloop, Jan. 3d, 1811; and lost that vessel, off Courantyn River, in 1815.
# Royal Naval Biography/Rowley, Richard Freeman

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RICHARD FREEMAN ROWLEY, Esq. [Captain of 1830.]
Entered the royal navy in Feb. 1819; obtained a commission in May, 1825, served nearly two years as flag-lieutenant to Sir George Martin (commander-in-chief at Portsmouth), and was promoted immediately he became eligible. His next appointment was, Jan. 14th, 1829, to the Badger of 10 guns, in which sloop he successively served on the Plymouth, North Sea, and Cape of Good Hope stations, until advanced to the rank of captain, Feb. 26th, 1830. On his leaving the Badger, the officers and crew presented, him with a handsome piece of plate, “as a lasting testimonial of their esteem, and an expression of their gratitude for the happiness they had experienced under his command.”
Addendum.
RICHARD FREEMAN ROWLEY, Esq. (See p. 125). [Captain of 1830.]
Is the third son of Vice-Admiral Sir Charles Rowley, K.C.B. He married, July 12th, 1828, Elizabeth Julia, youngest daughter of John Angerstein, Esq.
# Royal Naval Biography/Russell, John (b)

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JOHN RUSSELL (b), Esq. M.P. for Kinsale. [Commander.]
Son of Lord William Russell. Was made lieutenant in July 1816; and promoted to the rank of commander on the 29th Jan. 1822. He married, Aug 21st following, Sophia, only daughter of the late Colonel Coussmaker, by his wife the Hon. Catherine Southwell Clifford, eldest sister to Edward last Lord De Clifford. In Feb. 1833, the King was pleased to direct letters patent to be passed under the Great Seal, declaring Mrs. Russell Baroness De Clifford, she being the eldest co-heir and representative of the late Baron, and as such, eldest co-heir of the ancient barony of De Clifford.
# Royal Naval Biography/Rowley, Joshua Ricketts

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JOSHUA RICKETTS ROWLEY, Esq. [Post-Captain of 1812.]
Second son of Sir William Rowley, Bart, of Tendring Hall, co. Suffolk, by Susannah Edith, sister to Sir Robert Horland, Bart.
This officer was made lieutenant April 9, 1808; and commander in Aug. 1810; appointed to the Pelorus brig. in Mar. 1811; and posted into the Blossom of 24 guns, Sept. 30, 1812. Since the peace he has commanded the Sybille 44, bearing the flag of his uncle, Sir Charles Rowley, K.C.B. on the Jamaica station.
Captain Rowley married, in 1824, Charlotte, daughter of John Moseley, of Toftres, co. Norfolk, Esq.
Agents.– Messrs. Chard.
# Royal Naval Biography/Rowley, Robert

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ROBERT ROWLEY, Esq. [Post-Captain of 1815.]
Served as lieutenant under Sir Charles Cotton, Bart, in 1810 and 1811; obtained the rank of commander, Mar. 21, 1812; was appointed to the Melpomene troop-ship, Oct. 29, 1813; and advanced to post-rank Aug. 21, 1815. Since the peace he has commanded the Egeria 24, on the Newfoundland station; and Semiramis frigate, bearing the flag of Rear-Admiral Plampin, at Cork. He married, Sept. 30, 1822, Eliza, daughter of the late George Mackay Rose, of the island of Grenada, Esq.