OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The New International Encyclopædia/Delaunay, Louis Arsène

Edition of 1905. See also Louis-Arsène Delaunay on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​DELAUNAY, Louis Arsène (1826—). A French actor, born in Paris. He made his first appearance at the Odéon in 1846, and for two years was engaged there as leading juvenile. In 1848 he appeared as Durante in Le Menteur, at the Théâtre Français, and in 1850 became a regular member of that theatre. In 1877 he was appointed professor of dramatic declamation at the Conservatoire. He received the decoration of the Legion of Honor in 1883, and retired from the stage in 1887. He was one of the most accomplished of the French actors, finding his parts in the plays of Augier, De Musset, Victor Hugo, and Pailleron.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Delaware (tribe)

Edition of 1905. See also Lenape on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ DELAWARE (from the Delaware River). One of the most important tribes of Algonquian stock, originally occupying what is now New Jersey and the Delaware River basin, eastern Pennsylvania, and southeastern New York. They call themselves Lenape, ‘true men,’ and claimed and were accorded precedence over nearly all the other tribes of Algonquian kinship. They had a number of subtribes in three principal divisions, of which the Munsee (q.v.) or Wolf tribe differed considerably from the others. They were friendly with the Dutch and Swedish colonists, and in 1682 made the celebrated treaty with William Penn, which was faithfully kept on both sides for over half a century. German Moravian missionaries, among whom were the devoted Zinzendorf, Zeisberger, and Heckewelder, labored among them with great success. Through the aggression of the later settlers, backed by the powerful Iroquois, they were finally compelled to retire to the Susquehanna and upper Ohio region, in consequence of which they became embittered against the English colonists and threw their whole strength with the French side in the French and Indian War of 1754-63. In the Revolution they joined with the British against the Americans, and, with other tribes of the Ohio Valley, continued the struggle until crushed by Wayne and compelled to accept the treaty of Greenville, by which, in 1795, the allied tribes ceded nearly all their ancient claims in what is now Pennsylvania and Ohio. During this struggle occurred the massacre of the peaceful Christian Delawares at Gnadenhuetten, Ohio, in consequence of which the remaining converts fled to Canada. By successive removals the larger portion of the tribe drifted from Indiana to Missouri and Kansas, a considerable band settling by Spanish permission in eastern Texas. The main body removed in 1867 from Kansas to the Indian Territory and became incorporated with the Cherokee Nation. The whole tribe, including the Munsee, numbers now about 1750, distributed as follows: Incorporated in Cherokee Nation, 780; on (late) Wichita reservation, Oklahoma, 95; Munsee, with Chippewa, in Kansas, 55(?); Munsee, with Stockbridge, at Green Bay, Wis., 210(?); ‘Moravians of the Thames,’ Ontario, 355; ‘Munsees of the Thames,’ Ontario, 120; Delaware, with Six Nations, on Grand River reserve, Ontario, 135.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Delaware College

Edition of 1905. See also University of Delaware on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ DELAWARE COLLEGE. An educational institution founded at Newark, Del., in 1833. In 1859 the college was closed and was not reopened until 1870, when it was made a beneficiary of the Congressional act of 1862 granting public lands to the several States for the purpose of establishing colleges of agriculture and mechanic arts. Under a further Congressional act, known as the ‘Hatch Bill,’ an agricultural experiment station was established at the college in 1887; and under an act of 1890 the college receives annually some $20,000 additional. The college confers degrees in arts, science, and the technical sciences. In 1902 the college property amounted to $250,000, and the total annual income to $45,000. At the same time the library contained 13,000 volumes.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Delavan

Edition of 1905. See also Delavan, Wisconsin on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ DEL′AVAN. A city in Walworth County, Wis., 62 miles southwest of Milwaukee; on the Chicago, Milwaukee and Saint Paul Railroad (Map: Wisconsin, E 6). It is the seat of the State School for the Deaf. The city is noted for its mineral springs, and, with Delavan Lake in the vicinity, is a popular place of resort. Population, in 1890, 2038; in 1900, 2244.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Green, John Richard

See also John Richard Green on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
* JOHN R. GREEN
Green, John Richard, English historian, was born at Oxford, in December, 1837, and was educated there. His first work was a series of papers on Oxford in the Last Century in the Oxford Chronicle. He then entered the ministry, became a curate and then vicar, all the time contributing to the London Saturday Review. When he became librarian at Lambeth Palace in 1868, he was stricken with consumption, yet he did not stop writing, although his condition prevented any active labor. In 1874 his Short History of the English People became popular at once, and reached a sale of 150,000 copies. Creighton, himself a great historian, declared that Green had done for all English history what Macaulay had done only for a period: he had unified it. Later he brought out a larger edition of the work, the well-known History of the English People. He worked steadily on, struggling with hopeless disease, bringing out his Making of England the year before he died, and leaving his Conquest of England to be edited by his widow. He died at Mentone, March 7, 1883.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Grebe

See also Grebe on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​ Grebe (grēb), a kind of waterbird, is peculiar for its semi-webbed feet and legs set very far back in such a way as to be better adapted for swimming than for walking on shore. There are more than 20 species, one or another of which is to be found in any quarter of the high seas. The downy feathers of grebes are in demand for ladies' muffs and other articles of winter dress. In America grebes are often popularly called hell-divers. The horned grebe, to be recognised by a ruff of rusty-black feathers upon the head, is common both to America and Europe. The European variety, known as the great crested grebe, grows to a length of over two feet.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Greek Literature

See also the disclaimer.
​ Greek Literature. See Literature.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Greeley, Horace

See also Horace Greeley on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
* HORACE GREELEY
Gree′ley (grē'lĭ), Horace, was born at Amherst, N. H., Feb. 3, 1811. After obtaining a common-school education, he entered a printing-office at East Poultney, Vt., and there rose to the position of assistant-editor on the Northern Spectator. He then worked as a journeyman-printer, reaching New York in 1831 with ten dollars in his pocket; and there, with a fellow-workman, he ​ ​founded the New Yorker, a weekly, in 1834. His first success was the Log-Cabin, a campaign paper which aided largely to bring about the election of Gen. W. H. Harrison to the presidency in 1840. On April 10, 1841, he issued the first number of the New York Tribune, an advocate of temperance, co-operation, a protective tariff and the abolition of slavery and capital punishment. It at first was Whig, then antislavery Whig and subsequently the most powerful organ of the Republican party. This paper he edited until his death. In 1848 he was elected to congress. When the southern states seceded, he at first upheld their course as being in accordance with the Declaration of Independence; but when the war began, he became its earnest supporter. At the close of the war he was a strenuous advocate of amnesty for all, and went to Richmond to offer bail for Jefferson Davis, for which action he was strongly condemned. In 1872 he was a candidate for president against General Grant, and met with defeat. This broke his health and spirit, and he died on Nov. 29, 1872. Greeley was a good and popular speaker and one of America's greatest editors. He also was a well-known writer. The best known of his books are The American Conflict and What I Know of Farming. See his Life by Parton.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Greely, Adolphus Washington

See also Adolphus Greely on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
* GENERAL GREELY
Gree′ly, Adolphus Washington, explorer, was born at Newburyport, Mass., March 27, 1844. He served through the Civil War, and shortly afterward entered the regular army as lieutenant. In 1868 Greely was assigned to the signal service, remaining until 1881, when he was selected to lead the expedition to the head of Smith Sound. After terrible sufferings in the Arctic regions for three years, he and the survivors of his party were rescued in 1883. He was appointed chief of the signal service, and gazetted brigadier-general in 1887. See his Three Years of Arctic Service and W. S. Schley's The Rescue of Greely.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Green, Seth

See also Seth Green (pisciculture) on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Green, Seth, born at Rochester, N. Y., March 19, 1817, received a common-school education, but early gave all his time to hunting and fishing. When in Canada, in 1838, he noticed the odd movements of some salmon and judged that they were about to make ready a nest for their spawn. So he climbed a tree and carefully watched them for 48 hours. He saw that as soon as the spawn was cast, the male salmon and other fish ate all they could find, and that only a few eggs were left, which the female carefully hid under a covering of gravel. He had never read on the subject, but from what he saw he felt sure that fish could be artificially hatched. He invented the method of protecting the spawn of the salmon, and in 1867 hatched 15,000,000 shad at Holyoke, Mass., besides extending his work of artificial hatching to the Hudson, Potomac and Susquehanna. Green transported the first shad ever taken to California. Altogether, he artificially hatched over 20 varieties of fish, invented many appliances therefor, and wrote Trout-Culture and Fish-Hatching and Fish ​Catching. To him, more than to any other American pisciculturist, is due the great advance in late years in fish culture in the New World. He died at Rochester, N. Y., Aug. 20, 1888.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Moel

See also moel on Wiktionary; and the disclaimer.
MOEL, moil (Welsh, hill). A hill having a rounded outline in its upper portion because the summit is protected from rapid denudation by a layer of soil and a growth of forest trees or grass, or by marshes of peat. Consult Marr, The Geographical Journal (London, 1901).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Mobile Bay

Edition of 1905. See also Mobile Bay on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ MOBILE BAY. The estuary of the Alabama and Tombigbee Rivers (whose waters after their junction form the Mobile and Tensas Rivers), running into the Gulf of Mexico, through the southwestern portion of the State of Alabama (Map: Alabama, B 5). It is about 30 miles long and from 10 to 12 miles wide. The island of Dauphin lies west of the entrance, which is defended by Forts Morgan and Gaines, and on the east is Mobile Point, the station of a lighthouse with a revolving light. The bay has also an outlet on the southwest through Grant's Pass, communicating with Mississippi Sound, used by steamers of light draught, and the regular course of the Mobile and New Orleans steamers. The harbor, once quite shallow, has been improved by the United States Government; ships drawing over 23 feet of water can now enter the lower bay, and vessels drawing 17 to 23 feet can pass through the channel to the wharves of Mobile. See Mobile Bay, Battle of.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Modjeska, Helena

See also Helena Modjeska on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
MODJESKA, mṓ-jĕs'kȧ, Helena (1844—). A noted actress, of Polish origin, since 1876 a resident of the United States. She was the daughter of Michael Opido, a musician, and was born in Cracow, October 12, 1844. Married in 1860 to a manager named Modrzejewski, from the contraction of whose name comes that by which she is known, she became in 1865 the leading actress in the theatre of her native city. Three years later she was married to her second husband, Count Bozenta Chlapowski, and became the star of the Imperial Theatre of Warsaw. Political difficulties and ill health led her with her husband to go in 1870 to California, where they established a Polish colony. This did not succeed, and after only a few months' study of
English the Polish Countess made her début in San Francisco (July, 1877) as Adrienne Lecouvreur. She won a surprising success, and was soon seen in New York in the same play. In 1880 she made her London début in the part of Camille. In 1889 and 1890 she starred with Edwin Booth, with whom she had already in 1883 appeared in Romeo and Juliet. The list of her rôles is a long one, but her greatest devotion has been to Shakespeare, from whom are many of her mast notable impersonations, among them Ophelia, Rosalind, Viola, Imogen, Cleopatra, and Lady Macbeth. Her great natural gifts, always ordered by high ideals and the most careful study of her art, have gained her as a tragic actress a foremost rank upon the American stage. Consult: Strang, Famous Actresses of the Day in America (Boston, 1899); McKay and Wingate, Famous American Actors of To-day (New York, 1896); Gilder, in Actors and Actresses of Great Britain and the United States, ed. by Matthews and Hutton (New York, 1886).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Moe, Jörgen

See also Jørgen Moe on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
MOE, mō'e, Jörgen (1815-82). A Norwegian poet and folklorist. He was born at Holm, in
the District of Ringerike, and before his entry at the University of Christiania became well acquainted with Asbjörnsen (q.v.), later his collaborator. From 1835 to 1852 hardly a year passed during which Moe did not make a long tour of the country in search of popular legends. The first collection of these tales, edited by Moe and Asbjörnsen under the title Norske Folkverentyr, appeared in 1842-44; was republished by Moe in 1852, and was translated into English by Dasent (1859). His Samlede Skrifter (1877) include the popular poems (1850) and the juvenile stories, I Brönden og i Kjörnet (1851). Moe died at Christiansand, where he had been bishop for seven years.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Mohair

Edition of 1905. See also Mohair on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
MO'HAIR (OF. mouhaire, mouaire, mohere, Fr. moire, from Ar. mukhayyar, fabric of goats' hair). The wool of the Angora goat (see Goat) of Asia Minor and South Africa. Few animals have so beautiful a covering as the fine, soft, silky, long, and always pure white wool of this goat. Each animal at the annual clip in April or May yields from two pounds to four pounds of wool. The fabric mohair made from this wool is characterized by its light weight, smooth, dust-shedding surface, and lustre. In pile fabrics, such as plushes and astrakhans, mohair is
sometimes used for the pile-warp, while the body is made of cotton. The fabric known as camel's hair is made from the best mohair, which enters into the manufacture of many fabrics. Consult The Angora Goat (Farmers' Bulletin, No. 137, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, 1901). For the production of mohair in the United States, see Wool.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Moberly, George

Edition of 1905. See also George Moberly on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ MOBERLY, George (1803-85). An English prelate, Bishop of Salisbury. He was born in Saint Petersburg, Russia, and was educated at Winchester and Oxford. In 1820 he took the Oxford chancellor's prize for the best English essay. After connection with Balliol College, as tutor and fellow, he was in 1835-36 head-master of Winchester. He was then presented to the living of Brightstone in the Isle of Wight, and in 1868 became a canon of Chester Cathedral. In 1869 he was consecrated Bishop of Salisbury. Of his numerous published works the most important are: A Few Remarks on the Proposed Admission of Dissenters to the University of Oxford (1834); Sermons Preached at Winchester College (1844); and Sermons on the Beatitudes (1860). In 1868 he delivered the Bampton lectures which appeared under the title of The Administration of the Holy Spirit in the Body of Christ.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Mochnacki, Maurycy

Edition of 1905. See also Maurycy Mochnacki on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
MOCHNACKI, mṓK'-näts'kḗ, Maurycy (1803-35). A Polish publicist and critic, born at Bojaniec, Galicia. He took part in the revolution of 1830-31, and, after the capture of Warsaw, left his native country and spent the remainder of his life in France. He was the defender of the Romantic School in Poland, and is said to have dealt the death blow to Classicism in that country. His works are: A History of Polish Literature in the Nineteenth Century (1830), and a
valuable History of the National Insurrection in Poland in 1830 and 1831 (1834).
# The New Student's Reference Work/Hopkins, Mark

See also Mark Hopkins (educator) on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Hopkins, Mark, an American educator, was born at Stockbridge, Mass., Feb. 4, 1802. He graduated at Wipiams College in 1827, and studied medicine, but, fortunately for the college and her many students, accepted the professorship of moral philosophy in Williams College in 1830, where he remained until his death in 1887. He served the college as president from 1836 to 1872, making a model college president and teacher and one of the best known in the United States. Garfield, one of his pupils, said: “A log with a student at one end and Mark Hopkins at the other was his ideal college.” He was prominent in all church and educational bodies, acting as president of the American Board of Foreign Missions for nearly thirty years. His Evidences of Christianity and Law of Love and Love as a Law have been extensively used as textbooks. He died at Williamstown, Mass., June 17, 1887.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Horatius

See also Horatius Cocles on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Hora′tius. Horatius Cocles was a Roman hero, descended from the Horatii who defeated the Curiatii of Alba Longa in Rome's early struggle with that city. Horatius with Spurius Lartius and Titus Herminius held the entrance to the bridge over the Tiber against the attack of the army of the Etrurian king Lars Porsena, while their countrymen hewed down the bridge in their rear. Lartius and Herminius crossed on the bridge to the Roman side just before it collapsed; Horatius, finding himself alone with the hostile army in front and the foaming Tiber behind him, bravely plunged into the swift-flowing river, though clad in full armor, and swam safely to the opposite bank, greatly to the rejoicing of his fellow countrymen, Horatius has been widely popularized as a hero by Macaulay's poem in the Lays of Ancient Rome.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Hop

See also Hops on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Hop, species of Humulus, a genus belonging to the nettle family. It contains two or three species of twining vines, with rough, palmately-lobed leaves and cone-like catkins, which, increasing much in size, are the so-called hops. The common hop is H. lupulus, which is native to both Europe and North America, and has long been cultivated for the hops that are used in the brewing of beer and in the manufacture of yeasts. For commercial use the hop is extensively cultivated, the handling of the crop consisting in removing the catkins and carefully drying them. The crop in the United States in 1910 amounted to 44,000,000 pounds, Oregon alone producing 18,000,000 pounds.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Hooker, Thomas

See also Thomas Hooker on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​ Hooker, Thomas, a clergyman, born in Leicestershire, England, in 1586, after studying theology at Cambridge University and attracting great attention as a lecturer and preacher, came in 1633 to America. He had been cited before Archbishop Laud and threatened with the judgment of the Court of High Commission because of his Puritan tendencies. Hooker spent three years preaching in Holland prior to his emigration to New England. He became one of the two most famous of New England ministers; the other being John Cotton, who sailed to America on the same ship with Hooker. Hooker was not only a ready writer of sermons, but evidently a man of great organizing ability. He was pastor at Newton, now Cambridge, Mass., but in 1636 he removed with one hundred others to found a new settlement in what is now Hartford, Conn. Hooker is the true pioneer of the colony of Connecticut. Moreover, in 1869[??], Hooker went with Governor Haynes to an important consultation with Governor Winthrop, out of which came the first American union, the United Colonies of New England. Hooker died in 1647.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Hopkins, Johns, University

See also the disclaimer.
​Hopkins, Johns, University. See Universities.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Horace, Quintus Horatius Flaccus

See also Horace on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Hor′ace, Quintus Horatius Flaccus, a Latin poet, born in southern Italy on Dec. 8, 65 B. C., was the son of a slave freed by his own labors. He received a fine education, proceeded to Athens to finish his studies, and while there joined the forces of Brutus. After the defeat at Philippi he returned to Italy, and was forced by poverty to make verses. He attracted the attention of Vergil, who introduced him to Mæcenas, the minister of Augustus, the Roman emperor, who raised him from poverty to wealth, Horace becoming poet-laureate. He died on Nov. 27, 8 B. C. Among his works are Satires (eighteen in number), Odes and Secular Songs. The Satires were published in 35 B. C. and a second volume in 30 B. C. His greatest works are the Odes, written at the age of forty-six, and the Epistles. The last of the Epistles, the Art of Poetry, was left unfinished. His works have been read by a hundred generations of schoolboys, and have supplied more proverbial phrases than all other Latin literature. He almost was the last of the great Latin poets. See Life of Horace by Milman.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Hooker, Joseph

See also Joseph Hooker on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​ Hook′er, Joseph, an American general, was born on Nov. 13, 1814, at Hadley, Mass., and graduated from West Point in 1837. He served in the Mexican War, reaching the rank of captain. He left the army in 1853, but in 1861 again offered his services. His bravery in the battles of the Peninsula won him the title of Fighting Joe. He took part at South Mountain, Antietam, Manassas, Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville; carried Lookout Mountain; and was with Sherman in his invasion of Georgia. He had command of the Army of the Potomac in 1863, but was superseded by Meade shortly after his defeat at Chancellorsville. In March, 1868, he retired with the rank of major-general in the regular army, and died on Oct. 31, 1879.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Hopkins, Johns

See also Johns Hopkins on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Hop′kins, Johns, an American philanthropist, was born in Anne Arundel County Md., May 19, 1795. A large part of the fortune which he accumulated in business he devoted to various philanthropies. He gave $4,500,000 for the founding and equipment of a hospital at Baltimore, stipulating that the institution be free to all, regardless of race or color. By his will he devoted $3,500,000 to the founding of Johns Hopkins University at Baltimore, now one of the most complete and efficient of modern educational institutions. He established an asylum for negro orphans and gave a public park to the city. He died at Baltimore, Dec. 24, 1873.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Horeb, Mt.

See also the disclaimer.
​Ho′reb, Mt. See Sinai.