OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Stewart, Charles (1775-1812)

​STEWART, CHARLES (1775–1812), lieutenant-colonel, born in 1775, was the eldest son of Thomas Stewart of Drumin, Banffshire, a lieutenant in the 56th foot, by Anne (Gordon). After serving for a short time in the Duke of Gordon's fencibles, he was commissioned as lieutenant in the 71st (highland) regiment on 25 Jan. 1791. He joined the regiment in India, and was wounded in the attack on Tippoo Sahib's camp at Seringapatam on 6–7 Feb. 1792. He was with the light company, and was noticed by Lord Cornwallis. On 3 April 1794 he obtained a company in the 109th, and, when that regiment was reduced in the following year, he was transferred with the men to the 53rd (2 Sept. 1795).
He served several years in the West Indies, and was wounded in storming the Morne Fortuné at St. Lucia in May 1796. He was promoted major in the regiment on 4 April 1800, and came home in command of it about 1804. On 17 Feb. 1805 he was made lieutenant-colonel of the newly raised 2nd battalion of the 50th. Sir Charles James Napier, who was major under him, wrote of him at the time as very pleasant in command and very decided, and afterwards spoke of him as one of the best officers of his rank in the service.
Having been transferred to the 1st battalion, Stewart served with it in the Walcheren expedition, was left in command of the rear-guard when the army withdrew, and was mentioned in despatches. In September 1810 he went to the Peninsula with the 1st battalion, and commanded it throughout the campaigns of 1811–12. It was engaged at Fuentes d'Onoro, and was soon afterwards attached to Hill's corps [see Hill, Rowland, first Viscount Hill], and took part in the actions of Arroyo de Molinos, Almaraz, and Alba de Tormes. In the storming of Fort Napoleon, at Almaraz, Stewart led the right wing of his regiment ‘in a most gallant and spirited manner.’ The hardships of the retreat to Portugal in the autumn of 1812 broke down his health, and he died at Coria on 11 Dec., and was buried with military honours in the Campo Santo. He was unmarried.
[Military Mag. January 1813; Fyler's History of the 50th Regiment; Adventures of Captain J. Paterson, pp. 5, 271; Life and Opinions of Sir C. J. Napier, i. 71; private information.]
E. M. L.
# Who's Who in the Far East/ALEXANDER, Charles Shuldham

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​ ALEXANDER, Charles Shuldham (Batu Gajah), B.A., Cantab.; F.M.S. Civil Service; b. June 16, 1877. Entered service as cadet 1900; served in Kuala Lumpur and Teluk Anson in 1902 and 1904, being appointed acting District Treasurer, Batu Gajah, in 1904. Address: Batu Gajah, Perak, Federated Malay States.
# Who's Who in the Far East/ALGUE, Jose

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​ ALGUE, Jose (Manila), S.J., Ph.D., M.R.M.S. Lond.; Director of Weather Bureau, Philippine Islands; b. Dec. 28, 1856. Educ.: France 1872-77; in Spain 1877-85; in U.S.A. 1891-93. Prof, of Mathematics and Physics for 7 years in Zaragoza, Spain; sent by Spanish Gov. to Scientific Congress at Chicago during World's Fair 1893; Asst. in Georgetown Coll. Observatory, Washington, D.C. 1891-93; sent by Philippine Insular Gov. to World's Fair, St Louis, in charge of scientific exhibit in Philippine Exposition Grounds 1904; sent by Insular Gov. ​to International Meteorological Congress of Innsbruck 1905; Director of Manila Observatory since 1897. Publications: "The Cyclones of the Far East," "The Clouds in the Philippines," etc. Address: Observatory, Manila, Philippine Islands.
# Who's Who in the Far East/ALLEN, Morris Anthony Vermont

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​ ALLEN, Morris Anthony Vermont (BATU GAJAH), F.M.S. Chil Service; b. June 15, 1875. Entered Civil Service, Perak, 1897; acting assistant Collector of Land Revenue, Kinta, 1897; Insp. of Mines 1901; Asst. Warden of Mines, Batu Gajah, 1906. Address: Batu Gajah, Perak, Federated Malay States.
# Who's Who in the Far East/ALLIN, Charles Henry

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​ ALLIN, Charles Henry (KUALA LUMPUR), Director of Posts and Telegraphs; b. Feb. 19, 1873. Secretary's Off. G.P.O., London, 1894; Director of Posts and Telegraphs F.M.S-Service since 1904. Address: Kuala Lumpur, Selangor, Federated Malay States.
# Who's Who in the Far East/ALDWORTH, John Richard Oliver

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​ ALDWORTH, John Richard Oliver (Kuala Lumpur), F.M.S. Civil Service; b. Sept. 18, 1866; s. of late Col. Robert Aldworth; m. 1905, Dorothea Anne Harvey, d. of late Richard Drew. Educ.: Cheltenham Coll. Entered Selangor Civil Service 1899; passed in Malay 1889; first assistant collector and magistrata, Klang, Dec. 1889; acting District Officer, Kuala Selangor, Aug. 1890; acting Treasurer of Pahang, July to Nov. 1892; District Officer, Klang, 1893; District Officer, Ulu Langat, Dec. 1895; examiner in Malay, Negri Sembilan, 1896; Collector of Land Revenue, Seremban, and Registrar of titles, Negri Sembilan, June 1900; Sec. to High Commissioner F.M.S. 1901-3; District Officer, Kuala Kangsar, 1903. Address: Kuala Lumpur, Selangor, Federated Malay States.
# Who's Who in the Far East/ALLEN, Edgar Pierce

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​ ALLEN, Edgar Pierce (TIENTSIN), Attorney and Councillor at Law; b. Shanghai, Feb. 19, 1866; e.s. of Rev. Young J. Allen, D.D., L.I.D., Shanghai; in. Bertha, y.d. of Peter G. Sanerwein of Baltimore, Maryland, 1895. Educ.: Emory College, Georgia (first honour), 1885, post graduate' student, Johns Hopkins University 1885-89; fellow in Semitics, 1886-88. Admitted to Florida Bar 1892, to Federal (U.S.A.) Bar 1893, to New York Bar 1898; removed to China 1900; commenced practise, Tientsin, 1901; General Counsel Imperial Railways of North China since 1902; lecturer on International Law, etc., Peiyang University since 1903. Clubs: Shanghai; Race and Golf. Address: Council Road, and Office, 57 Victoria Road, Tientsin, China.
# Who's Who in the Far East/ALLEN, W. N. C.

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​ ALLEN, W. N. C. (SHANGHAI), Merchant; b. 1860; m. 1886, Ada, d. of late G. R. Thompson, Director, Rylands and Sons Ltd., Manchester. Educ.: Privately. With John Peel and Co., Manchester, Egyptian and East Indian merchants and ship-pers, 1874-1886; with John Shaw and Sons Ltd., Brookroyd Mills, Halifax, manufacturers and shippers. 1886-1900; in 1900 joined Messrs. Sale and Co.. Ltd., Yokohama, and two years later opened for them in Shanghai. Clubs: Shanghai: Shanghai Race. Address: 4 Yuen Ming Yuen Road, Shanghai, China.
# Who's Who in the Far East/AMANO, Dr. Tameyuki

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​ AMANO, Dr. Tameyuki (TOKYO), Professor, Waseda University, Tokyo; b. Dec, 1859, in Hizen. Educ.: Tokyo University; graduated 1882; member of House of Representatives for short period. Publications: "Piinciples of Economics," and other works on economics and history. ​Address: Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.
# Who's Who in the Far East/ALLEN, William Stanley

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​ ALLEN, William Stanley (HONGKONG), Manager, Sperry Flour Company; b, 1877; arrived in Hongkong 1899, prior to which time connected with San Francisco office of the company. Club: Hongkong. Address-; Pedder Street, Hongkong.
# Who's Who in the Far East/ALMADA e CASTRO, F. X. D'

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​ ALMADA e CASTRO, F. X. D' (HONGKONG), Solicitor. Club: Lusitano. Address: 54, Queen's Road Central, Hongkong.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Melilot

Edition of 1802.
​MELILOT, the Common, Melilot-trefoil, King's-claver, or Harts-clover, Trifolium Melilotus officinalis, L. an indigenous plant, growing on a stiff soil; on ditch banks; in thickets, hedges; corn-fields and meadows; flowering in the months of June and July.—This plant is eaten by sheep, goats, cows, hogs, and particularly by horses, which devour it with great avidity. Its fragrance increases when dry; and if its flowers be distilled, they yield a water, which, though possessing little odour in itself, imparts a very grateful flavour to other substances.
Bechstein remarks, that the common melilot is frequently covered with mildew, which renders it extremely pernicious to cattle.—Thus, in Thuringia, a distemper prevailed lately among sheep, great numbers of which died of a putrid liver; because this and other species of clover were through the whole summer affected with the mildew: nay, even the hares were then uniformly in a state of putrefaction.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Mercury, the Common English

Edition of 1802.
​Mercury, the Common English. See Perennial Goosefoot.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Mercury (Dog's)

Edition of 1802.
​Mercury (Dog's). See Dog's-mercury.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Memory

Edition of 1802.
​MEMORY, a mental faculty, which consists in the power of reviving former impressions of our ideas, or the particular circumstances which occasioned and accompanied them.
Memory may be divided into two species; passive and active: the former is the remembering, or recalling of things or events to the mind with little or no effort; the latter is the recollection of remote circumstances, or objects, which do not immediately or spontaneously occur. This is a talent of infinite importance to its possessor; and many rules have been given for its direction, improvement, and preservation; but the principal, and indeed the only effectual method, consists in the strictest temperance in eating, drinking, and sleep. Excess of every kind clouds the brain, and stupefies the mind: hence we rarely find an intemperate person, whose memory is clear, quick, and tenacious.
Such, however, is the precarious basis of our mental powers, that notwithstanding every effort, it frequendy happens that those ideas, which appear to us the most interesting and desirable to be retained, insensibly and irrecoverably vanish from the mind. To assist this inherent weakness, various methods have been proposed; for instance, noting down in a memorandum-book, or journal, the substance of an essay we have perused; or extracting the most important passages from the best authors; or even registering such of our own ideas, as often intuitively or spontaneously occur, in consequence of sudden and unexpected events.
​Expedients of this nature constitute the art of memory, and those of our readers, who are inclined to avail themselves of such assistance, and to try its effects, may resort to a treatise extant on the subject, and intitled A New Method of Artificial Memory.—Let it, however, be remembered, that it is not extraneous aid, but constant attention and exercise, which form the true art of memory.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Mercury

Edition of 1802.
​MERCURY, or Quicksilver (Hydrargyrus), a mineral fluid, about fourteen or fifteen times heavier than water: it is so remarkably thin, that it requires the intense cold of 40 degrees below 0, of Fahrenheit's scale, to render it solid.—When exposed to fire, it may be totally volatilized.
Quicksilver is found sometimes in a native state, as in the mines of India, South America, Hungary, &c.; but more generally mixed with metals, stone, or other substances, from which it is extracted by various processes. Next to gold, and platina, mercury is the heaviest of all metals, with most of which it unites, excepting iron and antimony: hence it is employed in considerable quantities, for extracting gold and silver from the earthy matters with which they are mixed.—The amalgam, or incorporation of quicksilver with gold, serves to gild copper or silver, so that these metals assume the appearance of gold: when united with tin, it is employed in the manufacture of looking-glasses or mirrors, in the manner already described, p. 125 of the present volume.
Independently of its utility in various manufactures, mercury is extensively employed in medicine; and, though it is the most violent of poisons, when taken inadvertently in too large quantities, yet, if judiciously administered, it has frequently effected a cure, after all other medicines had failed to procure relief. When taken into the stomach undivided, or in its native state, this fluid metal almost instantly passes through the intestines unchanged, and produces no perceptible effect, except that of promoting evacuation, if any crudities or obstructions should prevail in the alimentary canal. Hence it might be advantageously prescribed in the first stage of the Iliac Passion, before the bowels are too much weakened and corroded by the stagnant feces; especially if it be given together with castor-oil or fat broth, but no spice. The patient, after taking this medicine, should, if possible, walk about the room; and there are instances in which several ounces, nay, half a pound, and upwards, of pure quicksilver, have been swallowed with the happiest effects. But, in the latter stages of obstinate and violent colics, when inflammation and gangrene have already taken place in the bowels, its specific gravity would infallibly rend the intestines, and accelerate the fatal crisis.—On the whole, we think, preparations of mercury are at present too often employed in medicine, under a great variety of forms, both ​internally and externally, for many diseases, the nature of which requires a very different treatment. Besides, the animal and vegetable kingdoms supply us with a sufficient number of the most efficacious remedies for removing all curable disorders, without the necessity of resorting to the mineral, on almost every occasion.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Mesentery

Edition of 1802.
​MESENTERY, in animal economy, signifies that fat membrane, or membranous duplicatare, which is situated in the middle of the abdomen, for preventing the intestines from entangling with each other, as they lie in a small compass. It is nearly of a circular figure, being about four inches in diameter, but from three to four yards in circumference, on account of its plaits or foldings. The bowels are tied like a border around the mesentery; as the former are from ten to twelre yards in length, according to the size of the individual; so that to every inch of this circumference, there are fastened three inches of the latter.
This membrane is by Nature designed to support the intestines in their due place; to strengthen them; and to afford a situation to the milk-vessels (see Lacteals), glands, nerves, blood-vessels, &c. which are connected with the bowels. From its important use in the animal system, it may be easily conceived that the mesentery is liable to be attested with various diseases, the origin and seat of which are often neither suspected, nor clearly understood. It is, however, certain, that a disordered state of the mesenteric glands generally lays the foundation of the rickets, scrophula, wens, white swellings, and early consumption. Hence the injury done to infants, by stuffing then with superfluous or improper food; by allowing children promiscuously to eat cakes, ginger-bread, and unripe fruit; all of which corrupt the Lymph (which see), and cannot fail to produce distressing maladies. One of the most fatal, however, is an inflammation of the mesentery and its glands; which, though difficult to ascertain, is not a rare occurrence: it is generally accompanied with costiveness, and always with a retention of urine; but seldom with violent fever or pain; and on examining the parts affected, there will appear a large swollen belly, and a deep seated tension in the abdomen. Sometimes blood and fetid matter are discharged by stool; and it is remarkable, that male children are more frequently subject to it than those of the female sex; and that the disorder, unlike other inflammations, may prey on the little patient for weeks, before it be discovered; though in acute cases, it proves suddenly fatal.
Cure:—As soon as the nature of this dangerous affection is ascertained, leeches ought to be applied to the lower belly, and a large blister to the small of the back. Emollient clysters, fomentations made of an infusion of chamomile flowers, with the addition of laudanum; and the tepid bath, will also be of essential service.
The patient's regimen and diet should be similar to that stated p. 12, of this volume: he may likewise drink sweet whey with ​honey, or equal parts of Seltzer water and milk. With a view to check a debilitating looseness, he ought to take decoctions of the salep-root, sago, tapioca, &c.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Melon, the Water

Edition of 1802.
​MELON, the Water, or Cucumis Anguria, L. though properly a species of the former, is by some considered as a distinct genus of exotic plants, comprising three species, of which one only is known in Britain, by the name of Citrul. It is cultivated in all the warm countries of Europe, and also in Asia, Africa, and America; where its salubrious and cooling fruit is greatly esteemed.
The water-melon is propagated from seed, in a manner similar to the former; it requires, however, a more open exposure to the air; ​and, during cold nights, it will be advisable to cover the glasses with mats, in order to keep the bed warm.—In its properties, this species nearly resembles the preceding; but, partaking more of the nature of cucumbers, water-melons require a larger proportion of spice and wine; as otherwise they are apt to induce flatulency or diarrhœa.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Memorandum

Edition of 1802.
​MEMORANDUM, a term implying a note, or mark, made either on paper or otherwise, with a view to assist the memory.
In the present artificial state of society, the convenience of a memorandum-book is obvious to every person engaged in active pursuits. And, though the utility of such a measure be universally acknowledged, yet there is reason to believe that it is not so extensively practised as it justly deserves. Those, who reflect on the fleeting nature of human thought, and on the importance of remembering the train of ideas which lead to a certain conclusion, will readily admit, that annotations might be rendered equally interesting and useful, if they were extended to that department of human affairs, which more immediately relates to the operations of the human mind.—Thus, if every striking idea, whether of an economical or intellectual tendency, were duly registered, and digested, when a more favourable opportunity offers, incalculable benefit would thence result to society. Hence we presume to suggest to those who are accustomed fo reflect and attend to the progress of their reasoning (when in solitude, as well as in the common intercourse of life), to note and record in a particular journal, all such sentiments and opinions, as appear to be worthy of being preserved.—See also Journal.
# Vanity of Vanities

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "Vanity of Vanities."
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* "Vanity of Vanities", a poem by Helen Hunt Jackson
* "Vanity of Vanities", a poem by Christina Georgina Rossetti
# Vanity Fair (Thackeray)/Plates

LIST OF PLATES.
PAGE
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Terry, John

​TERRY or TIRREYE, JOHN (1555?–1625), divine, born about 1555 at Long Sutton, Hampshire, entered Winchester school in 1572. He matriculated from New College, Oxford, 10 Jan. 1574–5, aged 19, was elected a fellow in 1576, and graduated B.A. 12 Nov. 1578, M.A. 15 June 1582. He resigned his fellowship on being presented by Bishop Cooper of Winchester to the living of Stockton, Wiltshire, in 1590. There he died, aged 70, on 10 May 1625, as recorded upon a monument in the church.
Terry's works show him to have held strong anti-Roman catholic opinions. They are: 1. ‘The Triall of Trvth,’ Oxford, 1600, 4to; the second part of this was issued in 1602; ‘Theologicall Logicke, or the third part of the Tryall of Trvth,’ appeared at Oxford, 1625, 4to. 2. ‘The Reasonableness of Wise and Holy Trvth, and the Absurdity of Foolish and Wicked Error,’ Oxford, 1617, small 4to; dedicated to Arthur Lake, bishop of Bath and Wells. 3. ‘A Defence of Protestancy’ (Wood).
C. F. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Tesimond, Oswald

​TESIMOND, alias Greenway, OSWALD (1563–1635), jesuit, also known as Philip Beaumont, born in Northumberland in 1563, entered the English College at Rome for his higher studies on 9 Sept. 1580, and joined the Society of Jesus on 13 April 1584 by leave of the cardinal protector Moroni. After teaching philosophy at Messina and Palermo, he was sent to the seminary at Madrid, which he left in November 1597, having been ordered to the English mission. He landed at Gravesend on 9 March 1597–1598, and assisted Father Edward Oldcorne for eight years in the Worcestershire and Warwickshire missions. In 1603 he was professed of the four vows.
Tesimond was one of the three jesuits who were charged with complicity in the ‘gunpowder plot,’ and a proclamation, containing a description of his personal appearance, was issued for his apprehension. It is certain that Tesimond knew of the secret in confession, but the government was unacquainted with this fact at the time of the proclamation. On 6 Nov. 1605 he rode to the conspirators at Huddington, and administered the sacrament to them. In explanation he afterwards stated that, having learned from a letter written by Sir Everard to Lady Digby the danger to which the conspirators were exposed, he deemed it his duty to offer ​to them the aids of religion before they suffered that death which threatened them. Thomas Winter [q. v.] at his execution declared that, whereas certain fathers of the Society of Jesus were accused of counselling and furthering the conspirators in this treason, he could clear them all, and particularly Father Tesimond, from all fault and participation therein (Morris, Condition of Catholics under James I, p. 220).
Tesimond, after the appearance of the proclamation against the jesuits, came in disguise to London. He was one day standing in a crowd, reading the proclamation for his apprehension, when a man arrested him in the king's name. The jesuit accompanied his captor quietly until they came to a remote and unfrequented street, when Tesimond, being a powerful man, suddenly seized his companion, and after a violent struggle disengaged himself from him. He immediately quitted London, and, after remaining for a few days in some Roman catholic houses in Essex and Suffolk, he was safely conveyed to Calais in a small boat laden with dead pigs, of which cargo he passed as the owner. He stayed for some time at St. Omer. Then he went to Italy, and was prefect of studies at Rome and in Sicily. Subsequently he was appointed theologian in the seminary at Valladolid, and afterwards he resided in Florence and Naples. Sir Edwin Rich wrote from Naples on 5 Oct. 1610 to the king of England to say that a jesuit, Philip Beaumont, alias Oswald Tesimond, had arrived there, and was plotting to send the king an embroidered satin doublet and hose which were poisoned, and would be death to the wearer. Tesimond died at Naples in 1635.
The ‘Autobiography of Father Tesimond,’ translated from the Italian holograph original preserved at Stonyhurst College, is printed in Morris's ‘Troubles of our Catholic Forefathers,’ (1st ser. pp. 141–83).
T. C.