OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hannan, William

​HANNAN, WILLIAM (d. 1775?), draughtsman and decorative painter, a native of Scotland, was first apprenticed to a cabinet-maker, but his master encouraged him to cultivate a talent for drawing. He was employed by Lord le Despenser to decorate his house at West Wycombe, Buckinghamshire, where he painted several ceilings, the drawings for which are preserved in the library at Eton College. He drew in black chalk and Indian ink four views of the gardens at West Wycombe, which were engraved by William Woollett [q. v.]; two of these drawings are now in the print room at the British Museum. Hannan exhibited some drawings with the Incorporated Society of Artists from 1769 to 1772; they were mostly views in the Lakes and Cumberland. He was an excellent draughtsman. He died at West Wycombe about 1775.
[Edwards' Anecdotes of Painters; Redgrave's Dict. of Artists; Fagan's Cat. of Woollett's Works; Exhibition Catalogues.]
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hannam, Richard

​HANNAM, RICHARD (d. 1656), robber, was son of a shoemaker of Shaftesbury, Dorsetshire. He was apprenticed to a silk weaver in London, but left to become a tapster, and finally joined a gang of thieves. He engaged in burglary unaccompanied by violence, and speedily gained great notoriety. Early in his career he was apprehended for a robbery of plate from the Earl of Pembroke, but escaped and left the country. He stayed abroad some time and visited various countries. In Denmark he is said to have robbed the royal treasury of vast sums, and then to have obtained from the queen of Sweden 4,000l. in gold, besides plate and jewellery . After this adventure he was caught and imprisoned, but escaped to Rotterdam, where he introduced himself as a merchant, and won a fair repute for upright dealing. He waited his opportunity, and got away to England with large sums entrusted to him by broker merchants and drawn from the bank by forged signatures. He was soon compelled to leave London and went to Paris, where he was imprisoned and made a marvellous escape. Returning to England he lived for a time in grand style as a peaceable citizen, but in 1654, together with confederates, planned an extensive burglary at the house of an alderman in Fleet Street. Two men and a woman were caught and hanged for this attempt, and later Hannam was also captured. He was condemned on a Saturday to die on the following Monday, but by promising to give information as to the thieves who had been concerned in a robbery from the French ambassador, he obtained a respite, and escaped. Being left unmolested he turned coiner. He was concerned with his father-in-law in a petty robbery on an alehouse-keeper, and, in revenge for the capture of his companion, returned to the scene and stabbed their 'victim. He was arrested and, after trial, was hanged at Smithfield on 17 June 1656.
[The Witty Rogue … the History of that incomparable thief Richard Hainam (sic) 1656 Hannam's Last Farewell to the World, being a full and true account and relation of the notorious life and shamefull death of Mr. K. H., the great obber of England, &c.; several similar pamphlets dated 1656.]
A. V.
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography/Jasonium (1)

​JASO'NIUM (Ἰασόνιον Ptol. vi. 10. § 3), a town in Margiana, at the junction of the Margus (Murghab) and some small streams which flow into it. (Cf. also Ammian. xxiii. 6.) [ V. ]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography/Januaria

​JANUA′RIA (Ἰανουαρία ἄκρα), a promontory on the coast of Cilicia. near Serrepolis, between Mallus and Aegaea. (Stadiasm. §§ 149, 150.) It is now called Karadash. [ L. S. ]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography/Jarzetha

​JARZETHA. [Libya.]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography/Jaxamatae

​JAXAMATAE (Ἰαξαμάται, Ἰαξαμᾶται, Ἰξομάται, Ixomatae, Anim. Marc. xxii. 8. § 31; Exomatae, Val. Flacc. Argonaut. 144, 569) a people who first appear in history during the reign of Satyrus III., king of Bosporus, who waged war with Tirgatao, their queen. (Polyaen. viii. 55.) The ancients attribute them to the Sarmatian stock. (Scymn. Fr. p. 140; Anon. Peripl. Eux. p. 2.) Pomponius Mela (i. 19. § 17) states that they were distinguished by the peculiarity of the women being as tried warriors as the men. Ptolemy (v. 9) has placed them between the Don and Volga, which agrees well with the position assigned to them by the authors mentioned above. In the second century of our era they disappar from history. Schafarik (Slav. Alt. vol. i. p. 340), who considers the Sarmatians to belong to the Median stock, connects them with the Median word "mat"="people," as in the termination Sauromatae; but it is more probable that the Samiatians were Slavonians. [ E. B. J. ]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography/Jatrippa

​JATRIPPA. [Lathrippa.]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography/Jaezer

​JAEZER (Ἰαζήρ, LXX.; Ἰαζήρ and Ἀσώρ, Euseb.), a city of Gilead, assigned to the tribe of Gad by Moses. In Numbers (xxxii. 1), "the land of Jazer" is mentioned as contiguous to "the land of Gilead, and suited to cattle." In Jeremiah (xlviii. 32), "the sea of Jazer" occurs in some versions, as in the English; but Reland (s.v. p. 825) justly remarks, that this is not certain, as the passage may be pointed after the word "sea," and "Jazer," as a vocative, commence the following clause. But as the land of Jazer is used for the country south of Gilead, so the Dead Sea may be designated "the sea of Jazer." Eusebius (Onomast. s.v. Ἀσώρ) places it 8 miles west of Philadelphia or Ammon; and elsewhere (s.v. Ἰασήρ), 10 miles west of Philadelphia, and 15 from Esbon (Heshbon). He adds, that a large river takes its rise there, which runs into the Jordan. In a situation nearly corresponding with this, between Szalt and Esbus, Burckhardt passed some ruins named Szyr, where a valley named Wady Szyr takes its rise and runs into the Jordan. This is doubtless the modern representative of the ancient Jazer. "In two hours and a half (from Szalt) we passed, on our right, the Wady Szyr, which has its source near the road, and falls into the Jordan. Above the source, on the declivity of the valley, are the ruins called Szyr." (Syria, p. 364.) It is probably identical wth the Γάζωρος of Ptolemy which he reckons among the cities of Palestine on the east of the Jordan (v. 16). [ G. W. ]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography/Jasonium (2)

​JASO'NIUM (τὸ Ἰασόνιον, Ptol. vi. 2. § 4; Strab. xi. p. 526), a mountain in Media, which extended in a NW. direction from the M. Parachoatras (M. Elwend), formmg the connecting link between the Taurus and the outlying spurs of the Antitaurus. It is placed by Ptolemy between the Orontes and the Coronus. [ V. ]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography/Jasonium (3)

​JASO'NIUM (Ἰασώνιον), a promontory on the ​coast of Pontus, 130 stadia to the north-east of Polemonium; it is the most projecting cape on that coast, and forms the tenninating point of the chain of Mount Paryadres. It was believed to have received its name from the fact that Jason had landed there. (Strab. xii. p. 548; Arrian, Peripl. p. 17; Anonym. Peripl. p. 11; Ptol. v. 6. § 4; Xenoph. Anab. vi. 2. § 1, who calls it Ἰασονία ἀκτή.) It still bears the name Jasoon, though it is more commonly called Cape Bona or Vona, from a town of the same name. (Hamilton, Researches, vol. i. p. 269.) The Asineia, called a Greek acropolis by Scylax (p. 33), is probably no other than the Jasonium. [ L. S. ]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Gibson, Mathew

​GIBSON, MATHEW (d. 1741?), antiquary, was educated at Queen's College, Oxford, where he graduated B.A. 9 Dec. 1700 and M.A. 26 June 1703. At an early date he made the acquaintance of Thomas Hearne, and corresponded with him. An entertaining letter from him to Hearne appears in ‘Letters from the Bodleian Library,’ 1813, i. 197. It is dated from ‘Lord Scudamore's, near Hereford,’ 19 Nov. 1709. Hearne wrote in his diary in April 1734: ‘Mr. Mathew Gibson, rector of Abbey Dore, called on me. He said that he knew Mr. Kyrle (the “Man of Ross”) well, and that he was his wife's near relation—I think her uncle. He said that Kyrle did a great deal of good, but 'twas all out of vanity and ostentation. I know not what credit to give to Mr. Gibson on this account, especially since he hath more than once spoken against that good worthy man, Dr. Ottley, late bishop of St. David's. Besides, this Gibson is a crazed man, and withal stingy, though he is rich, and hath no child by his wife’ (Reliq. Hearnianæ, iii. 132). He was instituted to the living of Abbey Dore 27 Nov. 1722. His successor, the Rev. Digby Coates, was instituted 21 July, 1741, ‘on vacancy caused by death of the last incumbent’ (Diocesan Register). He wrote ‘A View of the Ancient and Present State of the Churches of Door, Home-Lacy, and Hempsted, endowed by John, lord viscount Scudamore, with some memoirs of that Ancient Family, and an appendix of records and letters,’ London, 1727, a handsome quarto, of which there are two copies in the British Museum Library.
H. M. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Gibson, Matthew

​GIBSON, MATTHEW, D.D. (1734–1790), catholic prelate, fourth son of Jasper Gibson of Stonecrofts, near Hexham, ​Northumberland, was, according to his own statement, born on 25 March (O.S.) 1734, but, according to the Hexham register, he was baptised on 23 March, a difference possibly due to the change in style. He was educated in the English College at Douay, where he was ordained priest, and appointed professor, first of philosophy, and afterwards of divinity. In 1768 he returned to England. He was chosen archdeacon of Kent and Surrey in 1770, and appointed vicar-general in the northern district to Bishop Walton in 1776, and special vicar in 1777. On Walton's death he was chosen to succeed him as vicar-apostolic of the northern district of England, and was consecrated in London to the see of Comana, in partibus, on 3 Sept. 1780. Finding that the catholic catechisms then in use were very inaccurate, he corrected the mistakes and published ‘The London, or Little Catechism,’ London, 1784, 12mo. Thomas Eyre [q. v.], president of Ushaw College, helped him, and described it as ‘by far the most perfect in the English tongue, in every sense and in every respect.’ All the English bishops gave their approbation to this catechism. On 21 Oct. 1789 Gibson and the three other vicars-apostolic issued the well-known encyclical letter on the subject of the ‘Protestation Oath,’ in which the term ‘protesting catholic dissenters’ was assumed by the catholic committee [see Butler, Charles, 1750–1832]. He died at Stella Hall, Ryton, Durham, on 19 May 1790, and was buried at Newbrough Church, near Stonecrofts. He was succeeded in the northern vicariate by his younger brother, Dr. William Gibson [q. v.]
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Gibson, Patrick

J. M. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Gibson, James Brown

​GIBSON, Sir JAMES BROWN, M.D. (1805–1868), physician, studied medicine and graduated M.D. at Edinburgh. He entered the military service in 1826 as hospital assistant, and was duly promoted to be assistant-surgeon and surgeon. He served in the Crimean war, and was body surgeon to the Duke of Cambridge. In 1860 he was made director-general of the army medical department, and a K.C.B. in 1865. He retired in 1867, and died at Rome on 25 Feb. 1868.
C. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Gibson, John (1794-1854)

​GIBSON, JOHN (1794–1854), glass-stainer and sheriff of Newcastle, was a native of Newcastle, where he practised as an ornamental and house painter, and especially devoted himself to the art of enamelling in glass. Many of the churches at Newcastle and in the neighbourhood possess windows painted by him. Among them may be mentioned a figure of ‘Jesus Christ with the Cup of the Last Supper’ in the east window of St. John's Church at Newcastle, and a figure of ‘Jesus Christ bearing the Cross’ in the east window of St. Nicholas Church in the same town. Gibson devoted himself ardently to the study and promotion of the fine arts, and formed an extensive and valuable gallery. His taste and judgment were highly appreciated in Newcastle. He was elected a town councillor for North St. Andrews ward, and in 1854 served the office of sheriff of Newcastle. Shortly after vacating this office he died at his residence, the Leazes Terrace, on 25 Nov. 1854, aged 60.
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Gibson, James Young

​GIBSON, JAMES YOUNG (1826–1886), translator from the Spanish, born at Edinburgh 19 Feb. 1826, was the fourth son of William Gibson, a merchant of that city. In his sixteenth year he entered the Edinburgh University, in which he completed his full course of study, though he took no degree, and proceeded in 1847 to the divinity hall of the united presbyterian church, where he remained till 1852. During the vacations of 1851–2 he studied at the university of Halle in Germany. On the completion of his theological course in 1853 he was licensed by the Edinburgh presbytery, and about that time became tutor in the family of Henry Birkbeck of Keswick Hall, Norfolk. Having placed his name for some months on the probationers' roll, he received three nearly simultaneous offers of ministerial work. He finally accepted an appointment at Melrose, and accordingly in July was ordained to the ministry. His health broke down, and in 1859 he resigned his appointment. The next few years he devoted to study and foreign travel, and to recruiting his strength. In 1865 he travelled to Cairo and visited the Holy Land. In 1871 he accompanied Mr. Alexander J. Duffield, the translator of ‘Don Quixote,’ on a tour of inspection among the iron mines in Spain. They spent 1872 in travelling over the country. Gibson became interested in Spanish poetry, and after Mr. Duffield's return home proceeded to Madrid, where he began the first of his translations. He settled in London in 1872. In 1878 he was again invalided. While recovering he corrected the proof-sheets of Mr. Duffield's translation of ‘Don Quixote,’ in the first two volumes of which his poetical renderings were inserted. The translation was published in 1881. The unexpected success of this first essay led to Gibson's translation of the ‘Viage al Parnaso,’ which appeared in 1883. In 1883 he married, at Wildbad in Germany, after a three years' engagement, Margaret Dunlop, daughter of John Smith, solicitor, of Irvine in Ayrshire. In 1884 he settled with his wife at Long Ditton, near Surbiton. Here he completed the translation of ‘Numantia,’ published in 1885. Gibson died suddenly at Ramsgate, 2 Oct. 1886. He was buried in the Dean cemetery, Edinburgh. A number of his unpublished translations were printed after his death, with a memoir by his sister-in-law, Agnes Smith.
His published works are: 1. ‘Journey to Parnassus, composed by Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, translated into English tercets with preface and illustrative notes … to which are subjoined the antique text and translation of the letter of Cervantes to Mateo Vazquez,’ London, 1883, 8vo. 2. ‘Numantia. A Tragedy by Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra. Translated from the Spanish, with introduction and notes by James Y. Gibson,’ 1885, 8vo. 3. ‘The Cid. Ballads and other poems and translations ​from Spanish and German, by the late James Young Gibson. Edited by M. D. Gibson. With Memoir by Agnes Smith,’ 2 vols. London, 1887, 8vo.
W. F. W. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Gibson, John (1637-1717)

​GIBSON, Sir JOHN (1637–1717), colonel, son of Sir John Gibson, knt., of Alderstone, in Ratho parish, near Edinburgh, entered the Dutch army, and obtained a captain's commission dated 9 March 1675; as major, in 1688, he accompanied William of Orange to England. He obtained from the English war office his commission as lieutenant-colonel on 28 Feb. 1688–9; became colonel of a newly raised regiment on 16 Feb. 1693–4; and colonel of a regiment to be raised (afterwards the 28th foot, now 1st battalion Gloucestershire) on 12 Feb. 1701–2, holding the command until 1 Feb. 1704–5. He was lieutenant-governor of Portsmouth from 28 May 1689, until his death on 24 Oct. 1717. He was commander-in-chief in 1697 of the land-forces sent to capture Newfoundland. He left England in March and returned in October, having secured the fishing rights of the English settlers. After unsuccessfully contesting the representation of Portsmouth in January 1695–6, he was elected for the borough in 1701–2, and was knighted by Queen Anne 6 Sept. 1705.
He left two sons, Francis and James, and two daughters; Anne Mary, the eldest, married General Robert Dalzell (1662–1758) [q. v.], in whose biography in this dictionary it is erroneously stated that 'Sir John Gibson married Dalzell's sister.'
F. N. R.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Gibson, John (d.1852)

​GIBSON, JOHN (d. 1852), portrait-painter, was a native of Glasgow, where he was largely employed. He contributed to the exhibition of the West of Scotland Academy. In October 1852 he took an active part on the committee engaged in hanging the pictures; he was subsequently present at the private view on 7 Oct., and attended the dinner afterwards. After returning home he revisited the exhibition gallery for some purpose, and was found lying dreadfully injured at the bottom of the stairs. He lingered till the following night, 8 Oct., when he died at an advanced age.
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Gibson, Kennet

Kennett Gibson in the ODNB.
​GIBSON, KENNET (1730–1772), antiquary, born at Paston, Northamptonshire, in 1730, was the son of Thomas Gibson, M.A., rector of Paston. He was educated at Eton, and admitted a minor pensioner of Christ's College, Cambridge, 7 May 1748 (College Register). He graduated B.A. in 1752 as fourteenth junior optime, and was ordained. He was afterwards rector of Marholm, or Marham, Northamptonshire, and curate of Castor in the same county. On 3 July 1769 he issued proposals for printing by a guinea subscription a commentary upon part of the fifth journey of Antoninus through Britain, but his death in 1772 interrupted the design. In 1795 the manuscript was offered to John Nichols by the possessor, Daniel Bayley, fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge. Nichols published it with considerable additions in ‘Miscellaneous Antiquities in continuation of the Bibliotheca Topographica Britannica’ as ‘A Comment upon part of the Fifth Journey of Antoninus through Britain, in which the situation of Durocobrivæ [Durobrivæ?], the seventh station there mentioned, is discussed; and Castor in Northamptonshire is shown, from the various Remains of Roman Antiquity, to have an undoubted Claim to that Situation. To which is added a Dissertation on an Image of Jupiter found there. By the Rev. Kennet Gibson. … Printed from the original MS. and enlarged with the Parochial History of Castor … to the present time. To which is subjoined an Account of Marham,’ &c. (by Richard Gough), 4to, London, 1800; 2nd edition, enlarged, 4to, London, 1819.
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Barlow, Thomas Worthington

​BARLOW, THOMAS WORTHINGTON (1823?–1856), antiquary and naturalist, was the only son of William Worthington Barlow, Esq., of Cranage, Cheshire. Educated for the legal profession, he became a member of Gray's Inn in May 1843, and was called to the bar 14 June 1848. He had the April before been elected a fellow of the Linnean Society, and was also an early member of the Wernerian Club. He afterwards resided at Manchester, where he practised as a special pleader and conveyancer. In 1853 he started an excellent antiquarian miscellany called the ‘Cheshire and Lancashire Historical Collector,’ the last number of which appeared in August 1855. He had previously published ‘Cheshire, its Historical and Literary Associations,’ 8vo, 1852 (enlarged edition in 1855), and seventy copies of a ‘Sketch of the History of the Church at Holmes Chapel, Cheshire,’ 8vo, 1853. In April 1856 he accepted the appointment of queen's advocate for Sierra Leone; but within less than four months after his arrival in the colony he fell a victim to the fatal climate, dying at Freetown on 10 Aug., aged 33. In addition to the works mentioned above, Barlow was the author of: 1. ‘A Chart of British Ornithology,’ 4to [1847]. 2. ‘The Field Naturalist's Note Book,’ obl., 1848. 3. ‘The Mystic Number: a Glance at the System of Nature,’ 8vo, 1852. 4. ‘Memoir of W. Broome, with Selections from his Works,’ 8vo, 1855.
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Barlow, Rudesind

​BARLOW, RUDESIND (1585–1656), Benedictine monk, elder brother of the Benedictine, Edward Barlow [q. v.], became superior of St. Gregory's at Douay. Weldon relates that Barlow was looked upon as one of the first divines and canonists of his age; and that 'he exerted the force of his pen against Dr. Richard Smith (who governed the catholics of England under the title of Chalcedon), and succeeded in forcing him to desist from his attempts and pretended jurisdiction of ordinary of Great Britain.' Barlow died at Douay 19 Sept. 1656. Weldon adds that 'after the death of this renowned monk, a bishop sent to the fathers of Douay to offer them an establishment if they would but make him a present of the said father's writings. But in vain they were sought for, for they were destroyed by an enemy.'
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Barlow, Francis

​BARLOW, FRANCIS (1626?–1702), animal painter and engraver, born in Lincolnshire about 1626, was a pupil of William Sheppard, a portrait painter. He occasionally painted landscapes, but he is better known as a painter of animals, and he drew horses, dogs, birds, and fish with great spirit and accuracy; his colouring, however, was not equal to his drawing, otherwise his reputation would have stood much higher than it does. He painted with birds the ceilings of some country houses of the nobility and gentry, and designed and engraved two plates for Benlowe's poem ‘Theophila,’ which appeared in 1652, as well as upwards of a hun​dred illustrations for the edition of ‘Æsop's Fables’ published with Mrs. Afra Behn's translation in 1666, and of which the greater part of the impression was burnt in the fire of London. Hollar engraved after him eighteen plates of birds for the work entitled ‘Multæ et diversæ Avium species,’ 1658; two for Stapylton's translation of Juvenal, 1660; and fourteen plates entitled ‘Several Ways of Hawking, Hunting, and Fishing,’ 1671, besides several single plates of animals. He painted a half-length portrait of George Monck, duke of Albemarle, of which there is an excellent etching by himself, and he designed the hearse for Monck's funeral in Westminster Abbey. There is also by him a print of an eagle soaring in the air with a cat in its talons, an incident which Barlow witnessed while sketching in Scotland. His drawings are very carefully executed with a pen, and are usually slightly tinted with brown. He resided in Drury Lane, London, and notwithstanding a considerable bequest from a friend, he died in indigence in 1702.
R. E. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hylton, Walter

​HYLTON, WALTER (d. 1396), religious writer. [See Hilton.]