OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Conference committee report on the Missouri Compromise

* related portals: Slavery in the United States, Maine.
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​The Committee of Conference of the Senate and of the House of Representatives, on the subject of the disagreeing votes of the two Houses, upon the Bill entitled an "Act for the admission of the State of Maine into the Union,"
Report the following Resolution
Resolved
1st That they recommend to the Senate to recede from their amendments to the said Bill
2$^d$ That they recommend to the two Houses to agree to strike out of the fourth section of the Bill from the House of Representatives, now pending in the Senate, entitled an "Act to authorize the people of the Missouri Territory to form a Constitution and State Government and for the admission of such State into the Union upon an equal footing with the original States," the following proviso in the following words—and shall ordain and establish that there shall be neither Slavery nor involuntary servitude otherwise than in the ​punishment of crimes whereof the party shall have been duly convicted: provided, always, that any person escaping into the same, from whom labour or service is lawfully claimed in any other State, such fugitive may be lawfully reclaimed, and conveyed to the person claiming his or her labour or service, as aforesaid: Provided nevertheless, that the said Provision shall not be construed to alter the condition or civil rights of any person now held to service or labor in the said Territory.
And that the following provision be added to the Bill.
And be it further enacted, that in all that Territory ceded by France to the United States under the name of Louisiana, which lies north of thirty five degrees and thirty minutes north latitude, not included within the limits of the State contemplated by this act, Slavery and involuntary servitude otherwise than in the punishment of crimes whereof the party shall have been duly convicted shall be and is hereby ​forever prohibited. Provided always, that any person escaping into the same from whom labour or service is lawfully claimed in any other State or Territory of the United States said fugitive may be lawfully reclaimed and conveyed to the person claiming his or her labour or service as aforesaid.
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
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# Confessio Amantis

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“Confessio Amantis (trans. The Lover’s Confession) is a 33,000-line Middle English poem by John Gower, [wherein] the confession made by an ageing lover to the chaplain of Venus [is used] as a frame story for a collection of shorter narrative poems . . . composed at the request of Richard II.” Warning: template has been deprecated.

### Liber Primus

* Liber Primus

### Liber Secundus

* Liber Secundus

### Liber Tercius

* Liber Tercius

### Liber Quartus

* Liber Quartus

### Incipit Liber Quintus

* Part 1
* Part 2
* Part 3
* Part 4

### Incipit Liber Sextus

* Part 1
* Part 2

### Incipit Liber Septimus

* Part 1
* Part 2
* Part 3

### Incipit Liber Octavus

* Part 1
* Part 2

## Source

The Works of John Gower (1330–1408 A.D.), ed. Professor G. C. Macauley (Oxford, 1901).
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
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# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Lawrence Hengler

From volume 7 of the work.
Catholic priest and the inventor of the horizontal pendulum, b. at Reichenhofen, Würtemberg, 3 Feb., 1806; d. at Tigerfeld, 1858. At the age of fourteen he entered the Latin School of Leutkirch and attended successively those of Ehingen and Tübingen. In 1828 he studied mathematics and astronomy at Munich. It was at this place, and while a pupil of Gruithuisen, that he invented the horizontal pendulum, which at present is the basis of more than half the seismographs in use the world over. In 1832 he published this invention in the "Analecta" of Gruithuisen, together with some experiments he had made. In 1835 he was ordained in Rottenburg and was pastor of Tigerfeld at the time of his death. He left a very perfect and elaborate telescope unfinished.
In modern publications the horizontal pendulum is mostly accredited to Zollner (1869), sometimes to Perrot (1862), but illustrated articles with observations in the "Analecta" of Gruithuisen, vol.I, and in Dingler's "Polytechnic Journal", 1832, secure for Hengler the indisputable right of priority. A full description of the pendulum and its history may be found in Zollner's "Abhandlungen", vol. IV, and also in Poggendorf's "Annals", vol. CL.
F. L. ODENBACH
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Lawrence Beyerlinck

From volume 2 of the work.
Belgian theologian and ecclesiastical writer, b. at Antwerp, April, 1578; d. at the same place, 22 June, 1627. The son of a noted pharmacist, he prepared at Louvain for the same profession but, deciding to enter the priesthood, he was ordained June, 1602. While a theological student he taught poetry and rhetoric at the college of Vaulx and as pastor of Herent was professor of philosophy at a nearby seminary of canons regular. In 1605 he came to the ecclesiastical seminary of Antwerp, taught philosophy and theology and later became superior. In 1608 he was canon, censor, and theologian of the church of Antwerp; in 1614 he was made protonotary. Beyerlinck was an exemplary priest, a gifted rhetorician, orator, and administrator, and an indefatigable worker. Besides seminary and diocesan work he was engaged continually in preaching and writing. Compilation was his bent. His works are mainly encyclopedic; his knowledge more extensive than profound. He wrote, e.g. a second volume (Antwerp, 1611) of the "Opus Chronographicum orbis universi a mundi exordio usque ad annum MDCXI" (first volume to year 1572 by Opmeer), a collection of lives of popes, rulers, and illustrious men; and the "Magnum Theatrum Vitae Humanae, hoc est Rerum Divinarum Humanarumque syntagma Catholicum Philosophicum Historicum Dogmaticum", etc. (Cologne, 1631, 7 vols; Venice, 1707, 8 vols.), an encyclopedia of information on diverse subjects arranged in alphabetical order. Its scope ranges from profound theological dissertations to merest trivialities. Much of its vast material was gathered by others, but to Beyerlinck belongs the credit of giving the work its final form. His numerous other publications are listed in the works referred to in the appended bibliography.
Vita Auctoris in Magnum Theatrum (Cologne, 1631), I, preface; Foppens, Bibliotheca Belgica (Brussels, 17390, 804-805; Biog. univ. (Paris, 1811), IV, 426.
John B. Peterson.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Lazarus

From volume 9 of the work.
Lazarus (Gk. Λάζαρος, a contraction of Ελεάζαρος—see II Mach., vi, 18—meaning in Hebrew "God hath helped"), the name of two persons in the N.T.; a character in one of Christ's parables, and the brother of Martha and Mary of Bethania.
Lazarus of the Parable.—(1) The Story. The dramatic story of the rich man and the beggar (only in Luke, xvi, 19-31) is set forth by Christ in two striking scenes: (a) Their Condition Here: The rich man was clothed in purple and byssus (D.V. fine linen), and spent each day in gay carousing. The beggar had been cast helpless at the rich man's gate, and lay there all covered with sores; he yearned for the crumbs that fell from the rich man's table, but received none, and was left to the dogs. (b) Their Condition Hereafter: The early banquet is over; the heavenly banquet is begun. Lazarus partakes of the banquet in a place of honour (cf. John, xiii, 23). He reclines his head on Abraham's bosom. The rich man is now the outcast. He yearns for a drop of water. Lazarus is not allowed to leave the heavenly banquet and tend to the outcast.
(2) The Meaning. Catholic exegetes now commonly accept the story as a parable. It is also legendary that the sores of Lazarus were leprous. The purpose of the parable is to teach us the evil result of the unwise neglect of one's opportunities. Lazarus was rewarded, not because he was poor, but for his virtuous acceptance of poverty; the rich man was punished, not because he was rich, but for vicious neglect of the opportunities given him by his wealth.
II. Lazarus of the Miracle.—This personage was the brother of Martha and Mary of Bethania; all three were beloved friends of Jesus (John, xi, 5). At the request of the two sisters Jesus raised Lazarus from the dead (John, xi, 41-44). Soon thereafter, the Saturday before Palm Sunday, Lazarus took part in the banquet which Simon the Leper gave to Jesus in Bethania (Matt., xxvi, 6-16; Mark, xiv, 3-11; John, xii, 1-11). Many of the Jews believed in Jesus because of Lazarus, whom the chief priests now sought to put to death. The Gospels tell us no more of Lazarus (see Lazarus of Bethany, Saint).
Walter Drum.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Lawrence Arthur Faunt

From volume 6 of the work.
A Jesuit theologian, b. 1554, d. at Wilna, Poland, 28 February, 1590-91. After two years at Merton College, Oxford (1568-70) under the tuition of John Potts, a well-known Philosopher, he went to the Jesuit college at Louvain where he took his B.A. After some time spent in Paris he entered the University of Munich under the patronage of Duke William of Bavaria, proceeding M.A. The date of his entrance into the Society of Jesus is disputed, some authorities giving 1570, others 1575, the year in which he went to the English College, Rome, to pursue his studies in theology. It is certain, however, that on the latter occasion he added Lawrence to his baptisal name, Arthur. He was soon made professor of divinity and attracted the favourable attention of Gregory XIII, who on the establishment of the Jesuit college at Posen in 1581, appointed him rector. He was also professor of Greek there for three years of moral theology and controversy for nine more, are was held in highest repute among both ecclesiastical and secular authorities. His chief theological works are: "De Christi in terris Ecclesia, quaenam et penes quos existat" (Posen, 1584.), "Coenae Lutheranorum et Calvinistarum oppugnatio ac catholicae Eucharitiae defensio" (Posen, 1586); "Apologia libri sui de invocatione ac veneratione Sanctorum" (Cologne, 1589).
F.M. RUDGE
# Cook v. United States

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "Cook v. United States."
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This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* Cook v. United States (138 U.S. 157)
* Cook v. United States (288 U.S. 102)
* Cook v. United States (401 U.S. 996)
See also United States v. Cook.
# Cook v. Tait

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
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United States Supreme Court
265 U.S. 47
Cook v. Tait
Argued: April 15, 1924. --- Decided: May 5, 1924
Messrs. Charles Claflin Allen and Charles Claflin Allen, Jr., both of St. Louis, Mo., for plaintiff in error.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 47-49 intentionally omitted]
Mr. Solicitor General Beck, of Washington, D. C., for defendant in error.
[Argument of Counsels from pages 50-52 intentionally omitted]
Mr. Justice McKENNA delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
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# Cook v. United States (288 U.S. 102)

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
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United States Supreme Court
288 U.S. 102
Cook v. United States (288 U.S. 102)
Argued: Dec. 7, 1932. --- Decided: Jan 23, 1933
[Syllabus from pages 102-104 intentionally omitted]
Messrs. Joseph E. Fitzpatrick, of Providence, R.I., Edmund M. Toland, of Washington, D.C., and Mortimer W. Newton, of Providence, R.I., for petitioner.
The Attorney General and Mr. Thomas D. Thacher, Sol. Gen., of Washington, D.C., for the United States.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 104-106 intentionally omitted]
Mr. Justice BRANDEIS delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
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# Cook v. United States (138 U.S. 157)

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
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United States Supreme Court
138 U.S. 157
Cook v. United States
[Statement of Case from pages 157-160 intentionally omitted]
Jos. Frease, Wm. R. Day, John F. Dillon, Geo. R. Peck, and W. H. Rossington, for plaintiffs in error.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 160-165 intentionally omitted]
Atty. Gen. Miller and Sol. Gen. Taft, for the United States.
Mr. Justice HARLAN, after stating the facts in the foregoing language, delivered the opinion of the court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
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# Cross Lake Shooting and Fishing Club v. Louisiana

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
224 U.S. 632
Cross Lake Shooting and Fishing Club v. Louisiana
Argued: April 18, 1912. --- Decided: May 13, 1912
Messrs. Edgar H. Farrar and John D. Wilkinson for plaintiff in error.
Mr. Walter Guion, Attorney General of Louisiana, and Mr. W. P. Hall for defendant in error.
Mr. Justice Van Devanter delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
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# Cross Patch

Roud #19687
* "X" in The Alphabet of Old Friends (1874)
* "Cross patch, draw the latch" in A Book of Nursery Songs and Rhymes (1895)
* "Cross-patch" in A Book of Nursery Rhymes (1901)
# Crosby v. Buchanan

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
90 U.S. 420
Crosby v. Buchanan

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Cross Currents

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "Cross Currents."
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* Cross Currents (1907), novel by Eleanor H. Porter
* Cross Currents, a short story by Saki
* Cross Currents, a collection of poems by Margaret Widdemer
* The Cross-Current, a poem by Abbie Farwell Brown
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/St. Nicholas of Tolentino

From volume 11 of the work.
Born at Sant' Angelo, near Fermo, in the March of Ancona, about 1246; d. 10 September, 1306. He is depicted in the black habit of the Hermits of St. Augustine — a star above him or on his breast, a lily, or a crucifix garlanded with lilies, in his hand. Sometimes, instead of the lily, he holds a vial filled with money or bread. His parents, said to have been called Compagnonus de Guarutti and Amata de Guidiani (these surnames may merely indicate their birth-places), were pious folk, perhaps gentle born, living content with a small substance. Nicholas was born in response to prayers, his mother a model of holiness. He excelled so much in his studies that even before they were over he was made a canon of St. Saviour's church; but hearing a sermon by a hermit of St. Augustine upon the text: "Nolite diligere mundum, nec ea quae sunt in mundo, quia mundus transit et concupiscentia ejus", he felt a call to embrace the religious life. He besought the hermit for admittance into his order. His parents gave a joyful consent. Even before his ordination he was sent to different monasteries of his order, at Recanati, Macerata etc., as a model of generous striving after perfection. He made his profession before he was nineteen. After his ordination he preached with wonderful success, notably at Tolentino, where he spent his last thirty years and gave a discourse nearly every day. Towards the end diseases tried his patience, but he kept up his mortifications almost to the hour of death. He possessed an angelic meekness, a guileless simplicity, and a tender love of virginity, which he never stained, guarding it by prayer and extraordinary mortifications. He was canonized by Eugene IV in 1446; his feast is celebrated on 10 September. His tomb, at Tolentino, is held in veneration by the faithful.
Acta SS., Sept. III, 636; BUTLER, Lives of the Saints, III (Baltimore), 440; HAGELE in Kirchenlex., s.v.
Edward F. Garesche.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/St. Nicomedes

From volume 11 of the work.
Martyr of unknown era, whose feast is observed 15 September. The Roman Martyrologium and the historical Martyrologies of Bede and his imitators place the feast on this date. The Gregorian Sacramentary contains under the same date the orations for his Mass. The name does not appear in the three oldest and most important MSS. of the "Martyrologium Hieronymianum", but was inserted in later recensions ("Martyrol. Hieronymianum", ed. De Rossi-Duchesne, in Acta SS., Nov., II, 121). The saint is without doubt a martyr of the Roman Church. He was buried in a catacomb on the Via Nomentana near the gate of that name. Three seventh century Itineraries make explicit reference to his grave, and Pope Adrian I restored the church built over it (De Rossi, "Rome Sotterranea", I, 178-79). A titular church of Rome, mentioned in the fifth century, was dedicated to him (titulus S. Nicomedis). Nothing is known of the circumstances of his death. The legend of the martyrdom of Sts. Nereus and Achilleus introduces him as a presbyter and places his death at the end of the first century. Other recensions of the martyrdom of St. Nicomedes ascribe the sentence of death to the Emperor Maximianus (beginning of the fourth century).
Acta SS., Sept., V, 5 sqq., Analecta Bollandiana, XI, 268-69; MOMBRITIUS, Sanctuarium, II, 160-61; Bibliotheca hagiographica latina, ed. BOLLANDISTS, II, 901-02; DUFOURCQ, Les Gesta Martyrurm romains, I (Paris, 1900), 209-10; MARUCCI, Les catacombes romaines (Rome, 1900), 254-56.
J.P. KIRSCH
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/St. Mura

From volume 10 of the work.
Born in Co. Donegal, Ireland, about 550. He was appointed Abbot of Fahan by St. Columba. The monastery was anciently known as Othan Mor, but after the death of our saint was called Fahan Mura. He was highly esteemed by Hugh, Head King of Ireland, whose obit is chronicled in 607. Numerous legends are told of Mura; he wrote many works, including chronicles and a rhymed life of St. Columba, which is quoted in the Martyrology of Donegal. He is regarded as the special patron saint of the O'Neill clan, being sixth in descent from the founder, whose name survives in Innishowen (Inis Eoghan). His death occurred about 645, and his feast is observed on 12 March. Among his relics still preserved are his crozier (Bachall Mura), now in the National Museum, Dublin, and his bell-shrine, now in the Wallace Collection, London. In the ruined church of St. Mura at Fahan is a beautiful Irish cross, and not far off is St. Mura's Well.
COLGAN, Acta SS. Hib. (Louvain, 1645); O'HANLON, Lives of the Irish Saints, III (Dublin, s. d.); O'DOHERTY, Derriana (Dublin, 1902).
W. H. Grattan-Flood.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/St. Nicholas of Myra

From volume 11 of the work.
(Also called NICHOLAS OF BARI).
Bishop of Myra in Lycia; died 6 December, 345 or 352. Though he is one of the most popular saints in the Greek as well as the Latin Church, there is scarcely anything historically certain about him except that he was Bishop of Myra in the fourth century.
Some of the main points in his legend are as follows: He was born at Parara, a city of Lycia in Asia Minor; in his youth he made a pilgrimage to Egypt and Palestine; shortly after his return he became Bishop of Myra; cast into prison during the persecution of Diocletian, he was released after the accession of Constantine, and was present at the Council of Nicaea. In 1087 Italian merchants stole his body at Myra, bringing it to Bari in Italy.
The numerous miracles St. Nicholas is said to have wrought, both before and after his death, are outgrowths of a long tradition. There is reason to doubt his presence at Nicaea, since his name is not mentioned in any of the old lists of bishops that attended this council. His cult in the Greek Church is old and especially popular in Russia. As early as the sixth century Emperor Justinian I built a church in his honour at Constantinople, and his name occurs in the liturgy ascribed to St. Chrysostom. In Italy his cult seems to have begun with the translation of his relics to Bari, but in Germany it began already under Otto II, probably because his wife Theophano was a Grecian. Bishop Reginald of Eichstaedt (d. 991) is known to have written a metric, "Vita S. Nicholai." The course of centuries has not lessened his popularity. The following places honour him as patron: Greece, Russia, the Kingdom of Naples, Sicily, Lorraine, the Diocese of Liège; many cities in Italy, Germany, Austria, and Belgium; Campen in the Netherlands; Corfu in Greece; Freiburg in Switzerland; and Moscow in Russia. He is patron of mariners, merchants, bakers, travellers, children, etc. His representations in art are as various as his alleged miracles. In Germany, Switzerland, and the Netherlands, they have the custom of making him the secret purveyor of gifts to children on 6 December, the day on which the Church celebrates his feast; in the United States and some other countries St. Nicholas has become identified with Santa Claus who distributes gifts to children on Christmas eve. His relics are still preserved in the church of San Nicola in Bari; up to the present day an oily substance, known as Manna di S. Nicola, which is highly valued for its medicinal powers, is said to flow from them.
The traditional legends of St. Nicholas were first collected and written in Greek by Metaphrastes in the tenth century. They are printed in P.G. 116 sq.
MICHAEL OTT
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/St. Nazarius

From volume 10 of the work.
Fourteenth abbot of the monastery of Lérins, probably sometime during the reign of the Merovingian Clotaire II, 584-629. He successfully attacked the remnants of heathendom on the southern coast of France, overthrew a sanctuary of Venus near Cannes, and founded on its site a convent for women, which was destroyed by the Saracens in the eighth century. His name is inscribed on the calendar of saints of the French Church, on 18 November.
Dict. of Christ. Biog., s. v.; Gallia Christiana, ed. PIOLIN, III (Paris, 1876), 1193.
J.P. KIRSCH