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# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Abbey of Barlings

From volume 2 of the work.
Located about six miles E.N.E. of Lincoln, England, founded in 1154 in honour of Our Lady by Ralph de Haye who had given some lands to the Abbot of Newhouse (also in Lincolnshire, the first abbey of the Norbertine Order erected in England, founded in 1143) with the request to send a colony of White Canons to Barlings. The abbey was afterwards removed to Oxeney, another locality in the same township, where it was dissolved by Henry VIII in 1537. Much information concerning the Abbey of Barlings, as well as concerning other Norbertine abbeys in England, may be derived from Bishop Redman's "Register of Visitations", preserved in the Bodleian Library at Oxford, and lately published in three volumes by Abbot Gasquet under the title of "Collectanea Anglo-Premonstratensia". This register contains various documents, lists of White Canons in each abbey, notes and remarks made at the time of each visitation, during a period of about thirty-five years that Redman was visitor of all the Norbertine abbeys and priories in England for the Abbot-General of the Order of Prémontré. Richard Redman was Abbot of the Norbertine Abbey of Shap in Westmoreland when he became visitor, and he acted in the same capacity when he successively became Bishop of St. Asaph in 1472, of Exeter in 1495, and of Ely in 1501. He died 24 August, 1505.
This register records no fewer than nine visitations of Barlings Abbey made by Redman. The various lists found therein give the names of about eighteen canons at each visitation. The names of nineteen abbots are known; the first abbot was called Adam (1154), the last Matthew Mackarel (1532-37) who is said to have been one of the leaders of the Pilgrimage of Grace in Lincolnshire. The supposed complicity of Abbot Mackarel, like that of other heads of religious houses, gave Henry VIII the opportunity of laying hands upon the Abbey of Barlings and of placing it under the law of attainder. The abbey church, 300 feet in length, was defaced, the lead torn from the roofs, and melted down under the special direction of Cromwell. Abbot Mackarel, some of his religious, and many of the clergy and laity were taken to Lincoln, and some of these were afterwards sent to the Tower in London. Those in Lincoln, among whom there were four canons of Barlings, were tried 6 March, 1537, and ordered for immediate execution. Towards the end of March, Abbot Matthew Mackarel, one of his canons and some others were tried in London before Chancellor Oudeley, found guilty, and condemned to be hanged and quartered. At the time of the dissolution the abbey and its possessions were granted to Charles, Duke of Suffolk. An arch and part of a wall are the only remains. The Right Rev. Martin Geudens, of Corpus Christi Priory, Manchester, was named Titular Abbot of Barlings, 7 May, 1898, and blessed 17 September, of the same year.
Annales Praem.; Monasticon Anglic.; REDMAN, Mss. Register in GASQUET, Collectanea Anglo-Premonstratensia; GASQUET, Henry VIII and the English Monasteries (6th ed., London, 1895).
Martin Geudens.
# Brewster v. Gage

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United States Supreme Court
280 U.S. 327
Brewster v. Gage
Argued: Dec. 6, 1929. --- Decided: Jan 6, 1930
Messrs. John W. Davis, of New York City, J. Sawyer Fitch, of Rochester, N. Y., and Gurdon W. Fitch, of Albion, N. Y., for petitioner.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 328-331 intentionally omitted]
Mr. Charles E. Hughes, Jr., Sol. Gen., of Washington, D. C., for respondent.
Mr. Justice BUTLER delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
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# Bronson v. Kimpton

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United States Supreme Court
75 U.S. 444
Bronson v. Kimpton

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
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# Bronson v. Kinzie

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## Dissenting Opinion

    McLean
United States Supreme Court
42 U.S. 311
Bronson v. Kinzie
Mr. Chief Justice TANEY delivered the opinion of the court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Bronson v. La Crosse & Milwaukee Railroad Co.

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United States Supreme Court
69 U.S. 283
Bronson v. La Crosse and Milwaukee Railroad Company

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Bronson v. Kimpton/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
United States Supreme Court
75 U.S. 444
Bronson v. Kimpton
APPEAL from the Court of Appeals of New York.
Kimpton filed a bill against Bronson in one of the State courts of New York to compel satisfaction of a mortgage executed by him to Bronson on the ground that it had been paid. The mortgage was given to secure a bond for the payment of a certain sum in gold and silver coin, lawful money of the United States. The payment relied on was a tender of United States notes equal in nominal amount to the sum due on the bond and mortgage. The Supreme Court of New York held the tender sufficient, and adjudged satisfaction; and this judgment was affirmed by the Court of Appeals, and was now here for review.
Mr. J. A. Townsend (by whom the case of Bronson v. Rodes had been elaborately and ably argued at the last term) now stated for the plaintiff in error that, as was obvious, there was no essential difference between this case and that, or Butler v. Horwitz, which had been adjudged at the same time, and he relied upon these two decisions as conclusive of the case.
The CHIEF JUSTICE delivered the judgment of this court to the effect that the questions being no other than those already fully considered and determined in the cases referred to by the counsel, this case was necessarily
REVERSED, AND WOULD BE REMANDED FOR FURTHER PROCEEDINGS.

## Notes

* ↑ 7 Wallace, 229.
* ↑ Ib. 258.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
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# Brown Sons Lumber Company v. Louisville & N. R. Company

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United States Supreme Court
299 U.S. 393
Brown Sons Lumber Company v. Louisville & N. R. Company
Argued: Dec. 8, 1936. --- Decided: Jan 4, 1937
Mr. J. V. Norman, of Louisville, Ky., for petitioners.
Mr. Elmer A. Smith, of Chicago, Ill., for respondents.
Mr. Justice BRANDEIS delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
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# Brown and Anothers/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
United States Supreme Court
116 U.S. 401
Brown and Anothers
Argued: January 18, 1886. ---
This motion is denied. According to the petition, the court entertained jurisdiction of the cause, but dismissed it for want of due prosecution; that is to say, because errors had not been assigned in accordance with the rules of practice applicable to the form of the action. This is a judgment which can only be reviewed by writ of error or appeal, as the case may be. Mandamus lies to compel a court to take jurisdiction in a proper case, but not to control its discretion while acting within its jurisdiction. This rule is elementary. Ex parte Morgan, 114 U.S. 174, S.C.. 5 Sup. Ct. Rep. 825, and cases cited.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
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# Brown Shoe Company v. United States

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United States Supreme Court
370 U.S. 294
BROWN SHOE CO., Appellant, v. UNITED STATES.
Argued: Dec. 6, 1961. --- Decided: June 25, 1962
[Syllabus from pages 294-295 intentionally omitted]
Arthur H. Dean, New York City, for appellant.
Sol. Gen. Archibald Cox, for appellee.
Mr. Chief Justice WARREN delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
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# Brown Sons Lumber Company v. Burnet

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United States Supreme Court
282 U.S. 283
Brown Sons Lumber Company v. Burnet
Argued: Dec. 3, 1930. --- Decided: Jan 5, 1931
[Syllabus from pages 283-285 intentionally omitted]
Mr. W. W. Spalding, of Washington, D. C., for petitioner.
Attorney General and Mr. Chas. B. Rugg, Asst. Atty. Gen., for respondent.
Mr. Justice BRANDEIS delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Brown Shoe Company v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue

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United States Supreme Court
339 U.S. 583
Brown Shoe Company v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue
Argued: April 5, 1950. --- Decided: May 15, 1950
Mr. Charles B. McInnis, Washington, D.C., for petitioner.
Mr. Harry Marselli, Washington, D.C., for respondent.
Mr .justice CLARK delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Brown and Anothers

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United States Supreme Court
116 U.S. 401
Brown and Anothers
Argued: January 18, 1886. ---
J. H. Mitchell, for the motion.
WAITE, C. J.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
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# Castes and Tribes of Southern India/Pūjāri

​Pūjāri.— Pūjāri is an occupational title, meaning priest, or performer of pūja (worship). It is described by Mr. H. A. Stuart * as "a name applied to a class of priests, who mostly preside in the temples of the female deities — the Grāma Dēvatas or Ūr Ammas — and not in those of Vishnu or Siva. They do not wear the sacred thread, except on solemn occasions." Pūjāri has been recorded as a title of Billavas as they officiate as priests at bhūtasthānas (devil shrines), and of Halēpaiks, and Pūjāli as a title of some Irulas. Some families of Kusavans (potters), who manufacture clay idols, are also known as pūjāri. Pūja occurs as a sub-division of the Gollas. Some criminal Koravas travel in the guise of Pūjāris, and style themselves Korava Pūjāris.
# Castes and Tribes of Southern India/Pūla (flowers)

​Pūla (flowers). — An exogamous sept of Bōya, Padma Sālē and Yerukala.
# Castes and Tribes of Southern India/Pūnamalli

​Pūnamalli.— The name of a division of Vellālas derived from Poonamallee, an old military station near Madras.
# Castes and Tribes of Southern India/Pūppalli

​Pūppalli.— See Unni.
# Castes and Tribes of Southern India/Pūsa

​Pūsa (beads). — A sub-division of Balija. A sub-division of the Yerukalas is known as Pūsalavādu, or sellers of glass beads.
# Castes and Tribes of Southern India/Pūliāsāri

​Pūliāsāri. — A division of Malabar Kammālans, the members of which do mason's work (pūli, earth). Paravas who are engaged in a similar calling are, in like manner, called Pūli Kollan.
# Castes and Tribes of Southern India/Pūlān

​Pūlān.— Barbers of Tamil origin, who have settled in Travancore.
# Castes and Tribes of Southern India/Pōthu

​Pōthu.— Pōthu or Pōthula, meaning male, occurs as an exogamous sept of Dēvānga, Mēdara, and Padma Sālē; and Pōthula, in the sense of a male buffalo, as a sept of Mādiga.
# Castes and Tribes of Southern India/Pū Islām

​Pū Islām. — See Pūtiya Islām.
# Castes and Tribes of Southern India/Pūni

​Pūni.— A sub-division of Golla.
# Canada Gazette/Volume I/No. 51/Government Notice, Customs, June 12, 1868

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Published in the Canada Gazette, Volume I, Number 51
Customs Department,
Ottawa, 12th June, 1868.
AUTHORIZED discount on American Invoices until further notice: 28 per cent.
R. S. M. BOUCHETTE,
Commissioner of Customs.
☞ The above is the only notice to appear in newspapers authorized to copy.
# Canada Gazette/Volume I/No. 50/Statement of Revenue, June 5, 1868

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STATEMENT
| | | | Amount. |
| Revenue:— | Customs | $ | 757,409 97 |
| | Excise | | 357,791 00 |
| | Bill Stamp Duty | | 5,661 30 |
| | Public Works, including Railways | | 28,859 77 |
| | Post Office | | 62,840 52 |
| | Miscellaneous | | 130,329 08 |
| | Total | $ | 1,342,881 64 |
| Expenditure | | $ | 1,134,721 50 |
STATEMENT
| | | | Amount. |
| Revenue:— | Customs | $ | 611,353 09 |
| | Excise | | 497,319 29 |
| | Bill Stamp Duty | | 8,762 61 |
| | Public Works, including Railways | | 66,342 75 |
| | Post Office | | 38,610 43 |
| | Miscellaneous | | 121,680 64 |
| | Total | $ | 1,344,068 81 |
| Expenditure | | $ | 906,696 54 |
JOHN LANGTON,
Auditor.
Audit Office
    Ottawa, 5th June, 1868.
# Canada Gazette/Volume I/No. 51

The Canada Gazette.
PUBLISHED BY AUTHORITY.
OTTAWA, SATURDAY, JUNE 13, 1868.
CANADA.
Appointments
Militia General Orders
Proclamations
Acts of Parliament
Government Notices
* Government Notice, Customs, June 12, 1868
* Free Bank Return, June 10, 1868
* Order-in-Council, Inland Revenue, May 30, 1868 (1)
* Order-in-Council, Inland Revenue, May 30, 1868 (2)
* Order-in-Council, Fisheries, May 28, 1868
* Order-in-Council, Inland Revenue, May 30, 1868 (3)
* Order-in-Council, Customs, May 28, 1868 (1)
* Order-in-Council, Customs, May 28, 1868 (2)
* Order-in-Council, Inland Revenue, May 30, 1868 (4)
* List of Pensions, Gratuities, and Amounts for Medical Services, June 1st, 1868
* Statement of Banks, May 31, 1868
* Post Offices Established, June 12, 1868
* Railway Traffic Returns, June 12, 1868
* Statement of Provincial Notes in Circulation, June 12, 1868
Parliamentary Notices
* Parliamentary Notice, January 2, 1868
* Parliamentary Notice, January 13, 1868
Applications to Parliament
OTTAWA:—Printed by Malcom Cameron, Printer to the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty.
This work is in the public domain worldwide because it was prepared or published by or under the direction or control of the Canadian Government or any government department prior to 1974.
Section 12 of the Canadian Copyright Act provides a reservation for Crown rights or privileges. Lack of modern case law on the subject makes it unclear whether perpetual prerogative rights over these documents still apply, or whether these rights have lapsed. Notwithstanding, these documents are reproducible under the terms of the Reproduction of Federal Law Order.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Canada Gazette/Volume I/No. 51/Free Bank Return, June 10, 1868

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Published in the Canada Gazette, Volume I, Number 51
FREE BANK RETURN
STATEMENT OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES
| Liabilities—Being Notes under $4, in circulation. | $78,252 |
| Assets—Debentures deposited with the Receiver General | $315,300 |
JOHN LANGTON,
Auditor.
F. G. SCOTT, Registrar.
    Finance Department,
       Ottawa, 15th May, 1868.
# Canada Gazette/Volume I/No. 51/Appointments, June 5, 1868

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Published in the Canada Gazette, Volume I, Number 51
Department of the Secretary of State of Canada
Ottawa, 5th June, 1868.
His Excellency the Governor General of Canada has been pleased to make the following appointment, viz:
William Horton, of Osgoode Hall and of the city of London, in the county of Middlesex, in the Province of Ontario, Esquire, Barrister at Law, to be the Deputy Judge of the County Court of and for the county of Middlesex, in the said Province.
# Canada Gazette/Volume I/No. 51/Post Offices Established, June 12, 1868

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Published in the Canada Gazette, Volume I, Number 51
THE FOLLOWING NEW POST OFFICES WERE ESTABLISHED IN CANADA ON THE 1st JUNE, 1868.
| NAME OF OFFICE. | TOWNSHIP. | ELECTORAL COUNTY. | PRO- VINCE. | POSTMASTER. |
| Griffin Cove. | | Gaspé. | Q. | Joseph O. Goulet. |
| Kelso. | Elgin. | Huntingdon. | Q. | Peter McFarlane. |
| Montlouis. | Montlouis. | Gaspé. | Q. | Louis Saintange. |
| Ste. Flore. | Cap de la Madelaine. | Champlain. | Q. | Jean Melançon. |
| Taylorholme. | Gloucester. | Russell. | Q. | Chas Taylor. |
| opened on 1st april, but not reported. |||||
| St. Mary's Ferry, (Way Office). | | York. | N.B. | C. L. Estabrooks. |
Post Office Department,
    Ottawa, 12th June, 1868.
# Castes and Tribes of Southern India/Īchcham

​Īchcham (date-palm: Phœnix sylvestris). — Īchcham or Īchanjānār is recorded, in the Tanjore Manual, as a section of Shānān. The equivalent Īchang occurs as a tree or kothu of Kondaiyankōttai Maravans.
# Castes and Tribes of Southern India/Ēkāri

​Ēkāri.— This caste is summed up in the Madras Census Report, 1901, under the names Ēkāri, Ēkali, Yākari, and Yākarlu, as a sub-caste of Mutrācha. Mr. H. A. Stuart writes * that " Ekaris or Yākarlu are a class of cultivators and village watchmen, found chiefly in the northern taluks of North Arcot, and in the adjoining district of Cuddapah. It is very doubtful whether the Ekaris and Mutrāchas are identical castes. The census statistics are, I think, sufficient to throw grave doubt on this view. Neither name, for instance, appears as a sub-division of the other, although this would certainly ​be the case if they were synonymous. Nor is there any similarity in the sub-divisions that are given. They are said, in the Nellore Manual, to be hunters and mercenaries, and in Cuddapah, where they are known to some as Bōyas and Kirātas, they are classed as a forest tribe. It is clear, however, that they enjoyed some authority, for several rose to be poligars. Thus the poligars of Kallūr, Tumba, Pulicheria, Bangāri and Gudipāti are of this caste, and many of its members are village policemen. They do not wear the sacred thread, but employ Brāhmans as their priests. Their ceremonies differ very little from those of the Kāpus. They are flesh-eaters, and their titles are Naidu and Dora. The caste possesses some interest as being that which had, in 1891, the highest proportion of widowed among females between the ages of 15 and 39. Little is known of the caste history. Some assert that they were formerly Hindu cotton cleaners, and that their name is derived from the verb yēkuta, to clean cotton. They returned 74 sub-divisions, of which the most important seem to be Dodda (big) and Pala."
There is neither intermarriage, nor free interdining between Ēkāris and Mutrāchas. By some, Kampin,and Nagiripilla kāyalu, and by others Kammi and Yerrai were given as sub-divisions.
One of the recognised names of washermen in Tamil is Egāli or Ekāli.
# Castes and Tribes of Southern India/Ēnēti

​Ēnēti.———Said to be mendicants, who beg from Gamallas. (See Yānāti.)
# Castes and Tribes of Southern India/Ērra

​Ērra. — See Yerra.
# Castes and Tribes of Southern India/Ērudukkāran

​Ērudukkāran. — See Gangeddu.
# Castes and Tribes of Southern India/Īga

​Īga (fly). — An exogamous sept of Mutrācha. The equivalent Īgala occurs as an exogamous sept of Yānādi.
# Castes and Tribes of Southern India/Ērudāndi

​Ērudāndi. — See Gangeddu.
# Castes and Tribes of Southern India/Ēttuvitan

​Ēttuvītan.— Recorded, in the Travancore Census Report, 1901, as a sub-division of Nāyar.
# Castes and Tribes of Southern India/Īndra

​Īndra. — See Īdiga.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Abundius

From volume 1 of the work.
​Abundius, an Italian bishop, b. at Thessalonica early in the fifth century; d. 469. He was the fourth Bishop of Como, in Italy, was present at the Council of Constantinople in 450, and took an active part against the Eutychian heresy at Chalcedon (451), where he was the representative of Pope Leo the Great. In 452 he also took part in the Council of Milan, convened to refute the same heresy. Abundius is one of those to whom the authorship of the "Te Deum" is occasionally attributed.
Westcott, in Dict. of Christ. Biogr., I, 10; Tillemont, Mem., X, 962.
Thomas Walsh.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Abyss

From volume 1 of the work.
​Abyss (Greek ἄβυσσος), is primarily and classically an adjective, meaning deep, very deep (Wisd. x, 19; Job. xxxviii, 16). Elsewhere in the Bible, and once in Diog. Laert., it is a substantive. Some thirty times in the Septuagint it is the equivalent of the Hebrew tēhóm, Assyrian tihamtu, and once each of the Hebrew miçūlah, "sea-deep", çūlah, "deep flood", and rāchābh, "spacious place". Hence the meanings: (1) primeval waters; (2) the waters beneath the earth; (3) the upper seas and rivers; (4) the abode of the dead, limbo; (5) the abode of the evil spirits, hell. The last two meanings are the only ones found in the New Testament.
A. J. Maas.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Abthain

From volume 1 of the work.
​Abthain (or Abthane), an English or Lowland Scotch form of the middle-Latin word abthania (Gaelic, abdhaine), meaning abbacy. The exact sense of the word being lost, it was presumed to denote some ancient dignity, the holder of which was called abthanus or abthane. Dr. W. V. Skene (Historians of Scotland, IV; Fordun, II, 413) holds that the correct meaning of abthain (or abthane) is not "abbot" or "over-thane", but "abbey" or "monastery." The word has special reference to the territories of the churches and monasteries founded by the old Celtic or Columban monks, mostly between the ​mountain chain of the Mounth and the Firth of Forth. Dr. Skene recommends the use of the word abthany or abthanry. Many of these abthains passed into the hands of laymen, and were transmitted from father to son. They paid certain ecclesiastical tributes, and seem to have closely resembled the termon lands of the early Irish Church.
Skene, Celtic Scotland (Edinburgh, 1887). III, 83, 261, 283; A New English Dictionary (Oxford, 1888).
Thomas Walsh.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Abydus

From volume 1 of the work.
​Abydus (Abydos), a titular see of Troas in Asia Minor, suffragan of Cyzicus in the Hellespontic province. It was situated at the narrowest point of the Hellespont, and was famous as the legendary spot where Leander swam over to Sestus to visit his mistress, Hero. Here, too, Xerxes built the famous bridge of boats (480 b.c.) on which he crossed with his troops to a promontory on the opposite European shore.
Smith, Dict. of Greek and Roman Geogr. (London, 1878), I, 7–8; Mas Latrie, Trésor de chronolgie, etc. (Paris, 1887), I, 1978; Lequien, Oriens Christianus, III. 1115–16.