OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Woman of the Century/Ida Hall Roby

​ROBY, Mrs. Ida Hall, pharmacist, born in Fairport, N. Y., 8th March, 1857. Her parents removed to Michigan when she was a child, and she was educated mainly in that State. Her father was a noted educator, a man of brilliant intellect and sterling character. He was a professor in the high school in Battle Creek, Mich., and served as superintendent of schools in Kalamazoo county, in the same State. He died one year before his daughter, Ida, was graduated from the Illinois College of Pharmacy, a department in the Northwestern University, in Evanston, Ill. She was thus thrown upon her own resources at an early age. and, having a natural fondness for chemistry, which was intensified by study and work in a drug house for several years, she started a pharmacy in Chicago. She attended the college on alternate days, and is the first woman to graduate from the pharmaceutical department of that institution. She is by natural instinct a chemist, and she has won a unique reputation as a successful woman in a line of business generally left to men to handle. Her model pharmacy on Forest avenue, in Chicago, is one of the features of that great city.
# Woman of the Century/Hulda Regina Graser

​GRASER, Miss Hulda Regina, customhouse broker, born in Montreal, Canada, 23rd June, 1869. In 1870 the family removed to Chicago, III., where, in the great fire of 1871, they lost all their property and nearly lost their lives. Her father, Ernst G. Graser, was a native of St. Gallen, Switzerland, where he was born in 1842. He came to America in 1867 and settled in Montreal. Her mother was a resident of Zurich, Switzerland. After the loss of their home and property in Chicago, the family went to Cincinnati, Ohio, where they began life anew. Mr. Graser, who was a thoroughly educated man and could speak several languages well, secured employment with the government He also gave private instruction in foreign languages. He remained in the custom-house ten years, after which time, in 1882, he opened what is called a customs brokerage business, and one year prior to his death, which occurred in 1884, he took into partnership with him his older daughter, styling the firm E. & M. Graser. HULDA REGINA GRASER. After his death the daughter continued the business until her marriage, in 1885, to Dr. E. H. Rothe, when she sold it. Hulda, the younger daughter, was educated in the Cincinnati free schools, and in 1885 she was employed as clerk and then as cashier in a wholesale and retail notion house. She afterward studied stenography, did some reporting and helped on the senatorial investigation, in the above capacity, and in the fall of 1886, when seventeen years old, opened a new office as customs broker and forwarder, her sister's successor having sold out to her present competitor. In 1887, about five months after she commenced, there was a decision by the department, on the strength of false representations made to the department, prohibiting brokers or their clerks from getting any information from customs officials without an order from the different importers, thus making her beginning doubly hard. That necessitated her calling upon every importer in the city, securing his signature to a petition asking for any and all information regarding each firm's importations. In 1890, in connection with brokerage, she took up an agency for tin-plates, and she handles large quantities of that article. The greater amount of tin-plates arriving at Cincinnati between January and July, 1891, went through her office, and her undertaking has proved very successful. She occupies a unique position, and her success in that arduous line of work is another demonstration of the truth that women can conduct business that exacts great care, sound judgment, originality and untiring industry.
# Woman of the Century/Ida A. Harper

​IDA A. HARPER. (page 158.)
​HARPER, Mrs. Ida A., journalist, was born in Indiana, of New England parentage. She showed in childhood a remarkable memory and marked literary talent. Her education was almost wholly received in private schools, although she was graduated in the public high school. She entered the State University in Bloomington, but was married before completing the course. For a number of years after marriage she did a considerable amount of writing. Her work was of a character that always commanded excellent pay. For a dozen years she conducted a department in the Terre Haute "Saturday Evening Mail," that discussed all of the questions of the day and was widely copied. During that time Mrs. Harper traveled extensively and corresponded for a large number of papers, including the "Christian Union," "Western Christian Advocate," "Advance," Chicago "Inter-Ocean," Chicago "Times," the Detroit "Free Press," the Toledo "Blade." the Boston "Traveller," the Cleveland "Leader," the Indianapolis "Journal" and the Terre Haute "Gazette and Express." For the past ten years she has edited a woman's department in the "Locomotive Firemen's Magazine." In 1889 she decided to make literature a profession. She was at once invited to an editorial position on the Terre Haute "Evening News." In a short time she was made managing editor by the directors, one of the first instance on record of a woman occupying the position of managing editor on a political daily paper. She carried the paper through the hottest municipal campaign ever known in that city, making up an independent ticket from the best men on the other tickets. She wrote every line of the editorials and dictated the policy of the paper throughout the canvass, and every man on the ticket was elected. At the end of a year she was called to a place on the editorial staff of the Indianapolis "News," which she has filled for two years, going to her office regularly each morning. Socially, Mrs. Harper is very popular. Her family consists of one daughter. She believes thoroughly in opening all the departments of life and activity to women. She is conspicuous among the advocates of woman suffrage, being secretary of the Indiana National Woman Suffrage Association.
# Woman of the Century/Ida Lewis

​LEWIS, Miss Ida, heroine and life-saver, born in Newport, R. I., in 1841. Her father, Captain Hosea Lewis, was keeper of the Lime Rock lighthouse in the Newport harbor, and she became in early youth a skilled swimmer and oarsman. Much of her time was spent in the boat which was the only means of communication between the lighthouse and the mainland. Her free outdoor lite gave her great strength and powers of endurance, and she was at home on the water, in calm or storm. Her first notable deed in life-saving was in 1859, when she rescued four men, whose boat had capsized in the harbor. Since that event she has saved many lives. Her fame as a heroine grew, and thousands of visitors thronged her humble home to make her acquaintance. Captain Lewis became a paralytic, and Ida was made custodian-for-life of the Lime Rock lighthouse. The appointment was conferred upon her in 1879 by General Sherman, who paid her a signal compliment for her bravery. In July, 1880, the Secretary of the Treasury, William Windom, awarded the gold life-saving medal to her, and she is the only woman in America who has received that tribute. Besides these, she has received three silver medals, one from the State of Rhode Island, one from the Humane Society of Massachusetts, and a third from the New York Life Saving Association. In the Custom House in Newport, in 1869, before hundreds of its citizens, Miss Lewis received from General Grant the life-boat "Rescue," which she now has. It was a gift from the people of the city in recognition of her acts of bravery. For it James Fisk, jr., ordered a boat-house built. Mr. Fisk sent the heroine a silk flag, painted by Mrs. McFarland, of New York. After being made a memberof Sorosis, Miss Lewis received from that body a brooch. It is a large gold S, with a band of blue enamel around it. Across is the name of the club in Greek letters, and engraved on the main part of the pin, "Sorosis to Ida I-ewis, the Heroine." From the two soldiers from the fort, whom she rescued, she received a gold watch, and from the officers and men a silver teapot worth $150. Presents of all sorts, from large sums of money to oatmeal and maple-sugar, have flowed in to her from all parts of the country. She retains and is known by her maiden name, but she was married, in 1870, to William H. Wilson, of Black Rock, Conn.
# Woman of the Century/Ida Hinman

​HINMAN, Miss Ida, litterateur and journalist, was born in Keokuk, Iowa. Sir Edward Hinman. the progenitor of the family in America, was an officer of the body-guard of Charles I. of England. After the king's death, having risked all for royalty, he came to America and settled in Connecticut. He was the father of two sons, from the oldest of whom Miss Hinman's family is descended. Her father. B. B. Hinman, was for years a successful merchant in Keokuk. Her mother, who before marriage was Miss Ellen E. Fithian. is a woman of rare strength of character. Ida, the fourth child, was the first to live to maturity. IDA HINMAN. She has two younger sisters. Ella and Carrie. Miss Hinman is a graduate of the Iowa Wesleyan University, Mount Pleasant, and early in life she showed a decided tendency toward literary pursuits, which, when financial difficulties overtook the family. she utilized with profit and success. She has contributed for a number of years to many periodicals, including " Harper's Magazine," leading religious journals and prominent newspapers. For five seasons she had charge of the Washington, D. C, correspondence of a large New York paper, doing an incredible amount of work. She spent a part of the year 1891 in Europe, writing for a number of American periodicals. Among the questions that her editors desired her to investigate were the socialist movement in Germany, the principles of the sub-treasury system in England, and the impetus that the temperance movement has received in Germany. Though not strong, Miss Hinman can do a large amount of work in her profession.
# Woman of the Century/Ida Joe Brooks

​BROOKS. Miss Ida Joe, educator, physician and surgeon, born in Muscatine, Iowa, 28th April, 1853. She is the daughter of Rev. Joseph Brooks. When she was very young, her parents moved to St. Louis, Mo., and she there entered the public schools, beginning in the primary department of the Clay school, when Dr. William T. Harris began his career as a teacher. Her father removed to the South after the war, and Miss Brooks went to Little Rock, Ark., in 1870. Two years afterwards, in conversation with a friend, she warmly argued that women should earn their own money, and he made a wager that she would not do it herself. As a joke, he found her a school in Fouche Bottom, where the gnats were so thick that a smudge had to be kept continually burning. She accepted the position and taught there IDA JOE BROOKS. faithfully and well. In 1873 Miss Brooks, with a liking for the work, began to teach in the public schools of Little Rock. The following year she was made principal of the grammar school, and in 1876 she was made principal of the Little Rock high school. In 1877 she was elected president of the State Teachers' Association. In the same year her father died, and the family came to shortened means, but were sustained by the independence and noble work of the daughter. In 1881 the Little Rock University was opened. Having become a Master of Arts, she was placed in charge of the mathematical department, where she taught until, in 18S8, she entered the Boston University School of Medicine, a course which had for years been her desire- She was graduated there with high honors, and afterwards took a post-graduate course on nervous diseases in the Westborough Insane Hospital. She spent one year as house officer in the Massachusetts Homeopathic Hospital, being assigned half the time on the surgical and half the time on the medical work. That was an unusual appointment. Returning to Little Rock in September, 1891, she began the practice of her profession and from the start won recognition and patronage. Dr. Brooks is an earnest woman suffragist and a thorough temperance advocate.
# Woman of the Century/Ida M. Curran

​IDA M. CURRAN. CURRAN, Mrs. Ida M., journalist and editor, w.ls born in Waterbury, Vt. When a mere child, her family removed to Boston and afterwards to Woburn, Mass. Sheearly showed a marked talent for literary work, and at school won her highest standing in rhetoric and literature. This proficiency in composition gained for her one of the four class honors in the Woburn high school when she graduated. She contributed largely to the Grattan "Echo," and afterwards became the wife of the publisher of the paper, F. P. Curran. Household duties compelled Mrs. Curran to withdraw for a time from literary labors, but in 1888 she once more became associated with newspaper work, her articles appearing in the Woburn "City Press," of which journal she assumed entire control in 1890. Mrs. Curran is a member of the New England Woman's Press Association. She is an accomplished violinist and an amateur actress. In addition to her newspaper duties, she presides over a charming home, and personally directs the educacation of her three children.
# Woman of the Century/Ida May Davis

​IDA HAY DAVIS. DAVIS, Mrs. Ida May, litterateur, born in Lafayette, Ind., 22nd February, 1857. Her maiden name was Ida May De Puy. Her father was of French descent, and from him Mrs. Davis inherits her humor and vivacity. She was thoroughly educated, and her poetic inclinations and talents showed themselves at an early age. She has always been a facile versifier, and her thoughts naturally flow in rhyme. When she was seventeen years old, she began to publish poems, all of which were extensively copied and commended. Her productions have appeared in newspapers and magazines of the Central and Rocky Mountain States. She is a member of the Western Association of Writers, founded in 1886. and she has been conspicuous in the annals of that society, which she now serves as secretary. She is an artist of much talent and paints well. Her poems are mainly lyrical in form. She became the wife of Henry Clay Davis, of southern birth, in 1876. Mrs. Davis resides in Terre Haute, Ind., where she is the center of a circle of literary and artistic persons. She is an ex-teacher and is a member of the board of education of Terre Haute, having been elected in 1891.
# Woman of the Century/Ida Saxton McKinley

​McHENRY, Mrs. Ida Saxton, social leader, born in Canton, Ohio, 8th June, 1847. The families of both her parents were among the pioneers of Ohio, and her grandfather, John Saxton, established the Canton "Repository," one of the oldest newspapers in the State. She inherited a cheerful, bright temperament from her mother, which has been the foundation of a womanly life under the drawback of ill health, and from her father practical ability and good judgment in all the affairs of the world. Her delicacy of constitution made it necessary to shorten her school days, and she left the young ladies' school in Media, Pa., at the age of sixteen years. Her practical father believed in a business education for young women, something unusual in those days, and she spent some time in a bank as his assistant. A six-month tour abroad completed her education, and upon her return she began a social life, which resulted in her marriage to Major McKinley on the 25th January, 1871. Although delicate from her earliest years, invalidism did not make Mrs. McKinley its victim until after her marriage Though she has ​been unfitted fur active participation in the social enjoyments which Washington life affords, she has been in the highest sense of the word a happy woman, in a more than ordinarily happy married IDA SAXTON McKINLEY. life, in the friendship of those who know her worth, and in the performance of charitable works, unknown to any except the recipients and members of her own family. Those who know her best say she has been an inspiration to her husband in his political career. Believing that his ability and integrity of character were needed in the affairs of state, she has always been his most faithful constituent and advisor, and most proud of his success At present Governor and Mrs. McKinley reside in Columbus, where his newly-acquired honors have called them. An article in the "Ladies' Home Journal" of October, 1891, describes her under the heading "Unknown Wives of Well Known Men."
# Woman of the Century/Ida Whipple Benham

​IDA WHIPPLE BENHAM. BENHAM, Mrs. Ida Whipple, peace advocate, born in a farmhouse in Ledyard, Conn. 8th January, 1849. She is a daughter of Timothy and Lucy Ann Geer Whipple, and comes from a Quaker family. At an early age she began to write verses. At the age of thirteen years she taught a country school. She was married 14th April, 1869, to Elijah B. Benham, of Groton Conn. She was early made familiar with the reforms advocated by the Quakers, such as temperance, anti-slavery, and the abolition of war. She has lectured on peace and temperance. She is a director of the American Peace Society, and a member of the executive committee of the Universal Peace Union. She takes a conspicuous part in the large peace conventions held annually in Mystic, Conn., and she holds a monthly peace meeting in her own home in Mystic. She has contributed poems to the New York "Independent," the Chicago "Advance," the "Youth's Companion," "St. Nicholas" and other prominent periodicals.
# Woman of the Century/Grace Greenwood

​GREENWOOD, Grace, see Lippincott, Mrs. Sara Jane.
# Woman of the Century/Hannah Amelia Wright

​WRIGHT, Miss Hannah Amelia, physician, born in New York City. 18th August, 1836. She is a daughter of Charles Cushing and Lavinia HANNAH AMELIA WRIGHT. D. Wright. Her father was a native of Maine. Her mother was born in Charleston, S. C., and was in direct lineal descent from the second settlers of that city, the Huguenots. Dr. Wright's father was ​an artist of merit The daughter received her education at home. Until her thirteenth year she lived in Louisiana, but returned to New York in 1849, where she has since resided. While still a young girl, Miss Wright decided upon an independent career. Her first effort was in writing fiction. Her stories were published, but, dissatisfied with her work in that line, she turned her attention to the study of music. In 1860 she obtained a position as teacher of music in the Institution for the Blind in New York. After spending eleven years in teaching in that school, she was preparing to go abroad to pursue the study of music, when she became interested in the care of the insane. She determined to study medicine, with the hope that she might render service to that unfortunate class. In 1871 she entered the New York Medical College for Women, and in 1874 she received the diploma of that institution. Shortly after her graduation, and again some years later, backed by influential friends, Dr. Wright sought admission to one of the State asylums for the insane as assistant physician, but great was her disappointment to find, after preparing herself especially for that branch of work, that women were not considered eligible for the position of physician in those institutions, sex being the only ground upon which she was rejected. The better to care for her own patients, Dr. Wright was in 1878 made an examiner in lunacy, being the first woman so appointed. As a physician she has been successful, having established a large and remunerative practice. Realizing the necessity for women physicians in the field of gynaecology, she has for the past five or six years devoted herself to that branch of the practice of medicine as a specialist. In 1878 she was made a trustee of the medical college from which she was graduated. While serving as secretary of the board of trustees, she used her influence to establish women in the chairs of that college, and it was mainly through her determination and perseverance that women succeeded men as professors in that institution. Dr. Wright was one of the organizers of the Society for Promoting the Welfare of the Insane, chartered in 1882. She served for many years as president of that society. She was also instrumental in organizing the alumni association of her alma mater, serving for several years as its secretary and afterward as its presiding officer. She is a member of the Medico- Legal Society, the Woman's Legal Education Society, the State and County Homeopathic Medical Societies, and the American Obstetrical Society.
# Woman of the Century/Grace Denio Litchfield

​LITCHFIELD, Miss Grace Denio, novelist and poet, born in New York City, 19th November, 1849. She is the youngest daughter of Edwin Clark Litchfield and Grace Hill Hubbard Litchfield, both of whom died some years ago. GRACE DENIO LITCHFIELD. Miss Litchfield's home was in Brooklyn, N. V., but much of her life has been passed in Europe. When she returned to the United States from a European trip, in 1888, she made her home in Washington, D. C., where she has built a house on Massachusetts avenue. She has written almost constantly, both in prose and verse, since early childhood, and in spite of much ill health. She did not begin to publish until 1882. Since that year her verses and stories have appeared in the "Century," the "Atlantic Monthly," the "St Nicholas." the "Wide Awake" and the New York "Independent." All her novels were written during the last six years which she spent in Europe. The first of these, "The Knight of the Black Forest," was written on the spot where the scene is laid, in 1882, and published in 1884-85, first appearing as a serial in the "Century." Her first published work in book form, "Only an Incident, was written two months later, and was brought out in February, 1884. "Criss-Cross," written in 1883, was published in August, 1885. "A Hard-Won Victory" was begun in 1883, laid aside a year on account of illness, finished in 1886 and published in 1888. A fifth book, a reprint of short stories, under the title of "Little Venice," appeared in September, 1890. Her sixth and last book, "Little He and She," a child's story, written in the spring of 1888, was published in November, 1890. Miss Litchfield was ​in Mentone, on the Riviera, when that portion of Italy was visited by the earthquake of 23rd February. 1887, and narrowly escaped death under the falling walls of her residence. Miss Litchfield is an industrious worker, and her wide circle of readers expects much from her in future.
# Woman of the Century/H. Maria George Colby

​H. MARIA GEORGE COLBY. COLBY. Mrs. H. Maria George, author, born in Warner. N. H.. 1st October, 1844. She is the daughter of GilmanC. and Nancy B. George and the wife of Frederick Myron Colby. She is of English descent on both sides of the family and inherits literary talents from ancestors connected with Daniel Webster of the present century, and on the George side from families whose coat-of-arms dates back to the days of ancient chivalry Her literary work was the writing of novelettes. Later she wrote Considerably for juvenile publications, and she is an acknowledged authority upon domestic topics. Circumstances have rendered it impossible for Mrs. Colb) lo give her whole time to literary work, but her articles have appeared in the "Housewife," the " Housekeeper, the " House-keeper's Weekly," the "Christian at Work," "Demorest's Monthly Magazine," "Arthur's Home Magazine." "Youth's Companion," the "Congregationalist." the Portland "Transcript." "Ladles' World," "Good Cheer," the Philadelphia 'Tress" the Chicago "Ledger," the "Golden Rule, "the "Household," "Good Housekeeping" and "St. Nicholas." She was for live years fashion-editor of the "Household." Though naturally fond of society, delicate health and a desire to give her first energies and talents to her literary work have rendered her somewhat retiring. She has made use of various pen-names, but is best known to editors and the public by her maiden name. H. Maria George. A stanch advocate of temperance and equal rights for both sexes, she furthers these as well as every other good work by her pen. Her home is in Warner. N. H.