# The Tribes of Burma/Bibliographical notes/Was
#### THE WAS.THE WAS.

References : DAVIES = "Yunnan: The Link between India and the Yangtze." H.R. Davies, Cambridge, 1909.
| Serial No. | Head. | Brief description. | Authority. | Page. |
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| 1 | Present habitat. | East of Shan States near Chinese border. | Upper Burma Gazetteer, Vol. I, Part I. Davies ... | 495 373 |
| 2 | Political and social divisions. | Was proper (tame and wild). Tailoi, En, Hsen Hsum, etc. Five clans of tame Was. | Upper Burma Gazetteer, Vol. I, Part I. | 513 |
| 3 | Allied tribes | Palaungs, Riangs, Kamus. | Upper Burma Gazetteer, Vol. I, Part I. | 495 |
| 4 | Language and and dialects. | Wa language placed in Wa-Palaung group of Mon-Annam subfamily of Indo-Chinese language family. Vocabularies. ... | Burma Census Report, 1901, Part I. Upper Burma Gazetteer, Vol I, Part I. | 89, 94  626-645 |
| 5 | Religion | Here and there nominally Buddhists, but the great bulk spirit worshippers. | Upper Burma Gazetteer, Vol. I, Part I. | 512 |
| 6 | Magic and witchcraft. | Head hunting ; divination by chicken bones; forked sticks; record of sacrifices. | Upper Burma Gazetteer, Vol. I, Part I. | 498, 505, 515 |
| 7 | Totems and tribal marks. | No real traces of totemism discovered. | Burma Census Report, 1901, Part I. | 133 |
| 8 | Marriage customs and ceremonies. | Marriage by purchase. Price (buffalo, dog or fowl) varying with attractions of bride. | Upper Burma Gazetteer, Vol. I, Part I. | 511 |
| 9 | Marital relations. | Polygamy permissible, but not much practised. | Upper Burma Gazetteer, Vol. I, Part I. | 511 |
| 10 | Death and burial ceremonies. | Dead buried at foot of steps leading up to the house or by road side near village ; personal ornaments buried! with corpse. | Upper Burma Gazetteer, Vol. !, Part I. | 514 |
| 11 | Clothing ... | In some cases only small waist-cloth or petticoat. Elsewhere women wear dark blue jackets and striped petticoats, sometimes white jacket and petticoat. | Upper Burma Gazetteer, Vol. I, Part I. Davies ... ... A. R. Colquhoun, Amongst the Shans, London, 1885. | 510 87, 374 61 |
| 12 | Personal ornaments. | Necklaces, bangles, ear-tubes, chicken bone ear ornaments, etc. | Upper Burma Gazetteer, Vol. I, Part I. | 513 |
| 13 | Painting and tattooing. | Tattooing not common but is found here and there. | Upper Burma Gazetteer, Vol. I, Part I. | 514 |
| 14 | Games and amusements. | Dances ... ... | Upper Burma Gazetteer, Vol. I, Part I. | 516 |
| 15 | Agriculture ... | Opium, buck-wheat, rice, etc. | Upper Burma Gazetteer, Vol. I, Part I. | 509 |
| 16 | Habitations ... | Houses of timber and wattles, substantially built. Entrance to some villages through tunnel. | Upper Burma Gazetteer, Vol. 1, Part I. Davies ... ... | 504, 505 374 |
| 17 | Government ... | No Central Government. Village communities, governed by headmen. Here and there a federation of villages under a chief. | Upper Burma Gazetteer, Vol. I, Part I. | 508 |
| 18 | Crimes ... | Head hunting ... | Upper Burma Gazetteer, Vol. I, Part I. Davies ... ... A. R. Colquhoun, Amongst the Shans, London, 1885. | 498 88 61 |
| 19 | Character ... | Apart from head hunting propensities on the whole estimable. | Upper Burma Gazetteer, Vol. I, Part I. | 516 |
| 20 | Trade ... | Gold given in exchange for cattle. Opium for salt | Upper Burma Gazetteer, Vol. I, Part I. A. R. Colquhoun, Amongst the Shans, London, 1885. | 504 62 |
| 21 | Arts, e.g., pottery, weaving, dyeing. | Clothes woven by village women. | Upper Burma Gazetteer, Vol. I, Part I. | 513 |
| 22 | Food ... | Dogs, rice—spirit, etc. | Upper Burma Gazetteer, Vol. I, Part I. | 506 |
* ↑ Now shown (vide Imperial Gazetteer of India, Volume I, page 390) as belonging to the Mon Khmer family.