OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Zoological Illustrations/VolI-Pl54

MITRA lyræformis.
Harp Mitre.
Generic Character.—See Pl. 23.
Specific Character.
    M. testâ costis regularibus, carinatis, approximatibus: columellâ striatâ, juxta basin triplicatâ: spirâ subattenuatâ; apice subpapillosâ.
    Shell with regular, carinated, approximating, longitudinal ribs. Pillar striated, three-plaited near the base. Spire somewhat attenuated. Apex slightly papillary.
This beautiful and highly interesting shell has been generally considered unique among the collections in this country. It was originally in the possession of the late Mr. Jennings, and, I am informed by Captain Laskey, was on first being received, in a much finer state. Mr. Jennings had it cleaned, and in so doing many of the delicate transverse striæ were partially obliterated, and the sharp ridges on the longitudinal ribs worn down, as indeed was apparent from a drawing Captain L. had made of the shell previous to this unmerciful cleaning. It however still remains a very fine shell, and is now in the cabinet of Mrs. Bolton, of Storr's-hall, to whom I am obliged for the opportunity of now publishing it.
The figure and specific character will sufficiently point out its distinctions. The body-whorl is smooth, but strongly granulated at the base; the spire delicately striated between the ribs; the two last whorls before the apex are close, thick, and somewhat papillary; the apex itself small and sharp. The upper part of the inner lip has some faint obsolete teeth, but the base has three very strong ones.
It connects in the most beautiful manner the two genera of Mitra and Voluta. Its country is unknown.
# Zoological Illustrations/VolI-Pl57

UNIO nasutus.
Rostrated River-Mussel.
Generic Character.
    Testa transversa, æquivalvis, non affixa; natibus decorticatis, suberosis; impressio muscularis postica composita. Dens cardinalis unicus, brevis, irregularis, simplex aut bipartitus, substriatus; dentes laterales duo, elongati, compressi, infra pubem producti.
Typus Genericus Mya Pictorum. Linn.
    Shell transverse, equivalve, not affixed, the tops decorticated. Posterior muscular depressions double. Cardinal tooth one, short, irregular, simple or double, striated; lateral teeth two, elongated, compressed, and prolonged beneath the corslet.
Generic Type Mya Pictorum. Linn.
Specific Character.
    U. (Div. 2.) testâ transversim elongatâ, margine dorsi rectâ, anticè angulatâ obliquè attenuatâ, extremitate subtruncatâ.
    Unio (Div. 2.). Shell transversely elongated: dorsal margin straight; anterior side angulated, obliquely attenuated, the extremity slightly truncated.
    Lister, tab. 151. fig. 6.
    Unio nasutus. Say in Encycl. Am. Conch. pl. iv. fig. 1.
This is one of the most natural genera in the modern systems of conchology, as it includes all fresh-water bivalves having two rough cardinal teeth in one valve and one in the other. The colours of all are more or less dark-brown, sometimes radiated with green; but the specific characters rest on the contour of the shell and the proportion of the teeth.
There can be no doubt this shell is the Unio nasutus of Say, who refers to the figure of Lister. The Unio nasuta however of Lamarck I apprehend will be found different, as he seems to think; his shell also is purple inside with short thick teeth; indeed so much uncertainty hangs on the shells of this genus, that the species can only be fixed by ample descriptions and very correct figures. The figure is from a shell in the Linnæan Society's cabinet. Mr. Say says it is common in the Delaware River, North America.
# Zoological Illustrations/VolI-Pl58

ACHATINA crenata.
Green hair-streaked Achatina.
Generic Character.—See Pl. 30.
Specific Character.
    A. (Div. 2.) testâ albâ, fasciis viridibus capillaribus; spirâ elongatâ, subattenuatâ, anfractibus 6 convexis, labio exteriore crenato; basi subtruncatâ.
    Shell white, with capillary green bands; spire elongated, sub-attenuated, of six convex volutions; outer lip crenated; base slightly truncate.
A few specimens of this most delicate and beautiful shell were found by my brother, Mr. J. T. Swainson, jun. in the island of Cuba; nor am I aware of its having by any other means reached our cabinets, excepting a distinct variety which occurred in Mrs. Angus's, and is now (together with a young one of the same) in Mr. Dubois's collection. This has, in addition to the green bands on the spire, a row of bead-like cinereous spots at the base of the first and second spiral whorl; and others of a longitudinal square form on those whorls nearest the tip, which, with the inner lip, is slightly tinged with pink. The form of the shell also is shorter; but the general contour, and particularly the crenated mouth, common to both, clearly proves it can be considered only as a distinct variety. The specimen we have figured agrees with all those sent at the same time, in having not the slightest appearance of spots, though in a perfect state of preservation. The little notches on the margin of the lip are always placed at the commencement of each of the green lines; the base of the column is straight, and slightly truncated before it joins the outer lip.
# Who's Who in the Far East/MARRIOTT, H.

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​ MARRIOTT, H. ( PENANG ), B.A.; Straits Settlements Civil Service. Educ.: Cambridge University; 1st class, Mathematical Tripos. Cadet, Straits Settlements, Nov., 1896; acting 3rd Magistrate, Singapore, May, 1897; passed final examination in Malay, May, 1898; District Officer, Malacca, Feb., 1899; acting 2nd Magistrate, Singapore, Feb., 1902; appointed to class IV., Sept., 1903; acting 2nd Magistrate, Penang, July, 1904. Address: Penang, Straits Settlements.
# Who's Who in the Far East/MARTIN, William

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​ MARTIN, William (HANKOW), Consul-General for the U.S. of America.
# Who's Who in the Far East/MARQUIS, Marie Gaston

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​ MARQUIS, Marie Gaston (SAIGON), Resident; Administrator, 1st class; b. July 9, 1854. Joined Indo-China Civil Service, Nov. 1, 1873; Administrator, 4th class, Nov. 1, 1873; Administrator, 3rd class, Jan. 1, 1875; Administrator, 2nd class, April 29, 1877; Administrator, 1st class, Jan. 1, 1885; Decoration: Officier d'Academic. Address: Saigon, Cochin-China.
# Who's Who in the Far East/MARSHALL, Frederick Brougham

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​ MARSHALL, Frederick Brougham (AMOY), Merchant; b. Yokohama, Japan, Jan. 31, 1864; in. Violet Walton, at Foochow, Feb. 25, 1895. Educ.: Grange School, Ewell, Surrey. Clubs: Constitutional and Thatched House, Lond.; Hongkong. Address: Amoy, China.
# Who's Who in the Far East/MARTIN, Dr. Paul Z.

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​ MARTIN, Dr. Paul Z. (KOBE), M.D.; b. Dec. 25, 1856. Educ.: Armenian College, Calcutta. Club: Shinko. Address: 27 Sannomiyacho, 3 chome, Kobe, Japan.
# Who's Who in the Far East/MARRIOTT, Dr. Oswald

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​ MARRIOTT, Dr. Oswald (HONGKONG), L.R.C.P., M.R.C.S.; b. Lond., Dec. 30, 1874. Educ.: Dulwich College, and University of London; professional study and training at Guy's Hospital (Lond). After holding all ordinary students' appointments at Guy's Hospita1held post of ​Chemical Assistant, and later House Surgeon; appointed House Physician to Dreadnought Seaman's Hospital, Greenwich, 1900; in 1902 resigned appointment to come to Hongkong. Recreations: Riding, tennis, cycling, swimming, reading. Club: Hongkong. Address; Hongkong.
# Who's Who in the Far East/MARTIN, Dr. W. A. P.

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​ MARTIN, Dr. W. A. P. (WUCHANG), D.D., LL.D.; President of Viceroy's University, Wuchang, China; b April 10, 1827, Livonia, Indiana. Educ.: Indiana State University; Presbytery Theologian Seminary, Arrived in China, 1850; stationed as Missionary at Ningpo; went as Interpreter with U.S. Minister, Beid, to Tientsin, where new treaties were made after storming of forts by British and French, 1858; Avent with U.S. Minister, Ward, to Peking; witnessed defeat of Allies at Taku, 1859; accompanied Mr. Ward to Japan, then under Shogun; made President and Professor of International Law in Imperial College, Peking, 1867; held position 25 years, and resigned on account of health, 1898; appointed, by Imperial Decree, President of New University; in Siege of Peking shut up eight weeks in H.B.M. Legation, 1900. Publications: In Chinese: Evidences of Christianity; Natural Philosophy; Mathematical Physics; Mental Philosophy, with preface by Li Hung Chang; Translations of four Text-books of International Law, Wheton, Woolsay, Bluntschli, and Hall; In English: A Cycle of Cathay; The Lore of Cathay; The Siege of Peking; Chinese Legends and other poems. Recreation: Verse-making. Address: c/o Mission Press, Shanghai, China.
# Who's Who in the Far East/MARQUES, Dr. Lourenco Pereira

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​ MARQUES, Dr. Lourenco Pereira ( MACAO ), F.R.A.M. ( Ireland ); L.R.C.P. (Ireland); Physician; b. in Camoes Garden, Macao, s. of late Commander Lourenco Marques. Educ.: Royal College of St. Joseph, Macao; Lisbon; Dublin. In 1898 gratuitously assisted Government to cope with bubonic plague epidemic; has on other occasions rendered free service to Government; formerly in Civil Service of Hongkong, retired on pension, 1890; Fellow of Royal Geographical Society of Lisbon. Decorations: Commander of Military Order of Christ; Knight of Tower and Sword of Portugal. Publications Numerous essays and articles. Clnb: Macao. Address: No. 3, Praca de Luiz de Camoes, Macao.
# Who's Who in the Far East/MARTEN, Richard

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​ MARTEN, Richard (HONGKONG), Merchant; b. Dec. 18, 1869. Came to the East in 1878 for Arnhold Karberg and Co., and in 188C joined Radecker and Co. as managing partner in Hongkong. Club: Germania. Address: Hongkong.
# Who's Who in the Far East/MARQUES, Augusto Oscar

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​ MARQUES, Augusto Oscar (MACAO), Teacher of Chinese language in Central School; b. May 2, 1853; m. Leopoldina Matthilde Reinalda Tales. Educ.: St. Joseph's College, Macao. Secretary and Interpreter to Portuguese Consul General (Senior Consul), Shanghai, 1898-1901; during Boxer troubles was entrusted with all correspondence between Consular Body and Chinese authorities, and received official letter of thanks from Consular Body; 2nd Chinese Interpreter and assistant Chief of "Reparticao do Expedianti Sinico." Club: Macao. Address: No. 1, Largs de Camoes, Macao.
# Zoological Illustrations Series II/Plate 6

African Jacana Parra Africana.
PARRA Africana.
African Jacana.
Family Rallidæ. Generic Character.—See Lesson Man. 2. p. 285.
Specific Character.
Above deep cinnamon; crown of the head naked; throat white; breast fulvous; neck and quills black; spur on the wing obsolete.
Parra Africana. Lath. Ind. Orn. 2. 764.
African Jacana. Lath. Gen. Syn. 5. p. 246. Gen. Hist. 9. p. 393.
In Mus. Par. Nostro.
The Jacanas are wading birds, somewhat analagous, both in structure and habits, to the European water-hen; but in their native haunts, from not being disturbed, they are less shy. The number of these birds on the lakes of Brazil, the elegance of their movements, and their fearlessness of man, excite an interest in the traveller who journeys through regions, ornamented alone by Nature.
Most of the Jacanas inhabit South America—a few occur in India; and this, as its name implies, is found in Africa. The typical species have the wings armed with a strong and very acute bony spur; but in P. Africana, this is so small, as not to be perceived when the wing is closed.—Bruce mentions this bird by the name of Meylie, as inhabiting Abyssinia; and Mr. Salt found it at Mozambique. Our specimen was received from Western Africa, by Mr. Ward, Animal Preserver, Broad Street, Golden Square.
The peculiar structure of the feet of these birds is highly singular, but their particular use has not, we believe, been explained. The Jacanas are very light birds; and their long toes, spreading over a wide surface, enable them to walk on the floating leaves of aquatic plants, with as much facility as if they were on land. In such situations their appearance is really delusive; for their pressure being sufficient to sink the supporting leaf just below the surface, the birds actually appear to walk upon the water.
Total length, ab. 10½; bill, 1$^2$⁄$_{10}$; wings, 5$^2$⁄$_{10}$; tarsi, 2$^2$⁄$_{10}$; hind toe and claw, 5$^1$⁄$_{10}$.
# Zoological Illustrations Series II/Plate 66

TODUS viridis. Green Tody.
TODUS viridis.
Green Tody.
Family Todidæ. See Pl. 41.
Published Genera. Fluvicola. Nengetus. Alecturus. Muscicapa, (pars). Conopophaga. Platyrhynchus. Todus. Eurylamus. Querula? Psaris. Pachyrhynchus.
Generic Character. See Lesson, Man. 1, p. 178.
Specific Character.
Bright green, beneath whiteish; throat scarlet; sides of the body rosey; under tail covers yellow.
Todus viridis. Auct.
Mus. Paris. Nost.
This singular little bird has long excited the particular attention of those naturalists who study the affinities of groups, more than the details of species. It is a native of the West Indian Islands, and although stated to be not uncommon, the accounts given of its manners are perfectly contradictory. One author asserts that it is almost always seen upon the ground, from whence it receives the name of Perroquet de Terre: another, that it only frequents the "lonely part of moist places" (woods?), where it sits in a couched manner, with its head thrown considerably back, and is so stupid, as almost to be taken by the hand. M. Vieillot confirms part of the latter particulars, although he repeats, without denying, the former. In our opinion the last is entitled to the most credance, although it is contradictory to the idea of this being a terrestial bird.
We cannot but feel surprise and regret, that the "very interesting account" of this bird, long ago announced (Zool. Journ. Dec. 1827. p. 439), as having been sent from Cuba, by Mr. Macleay, to the Linnean Society, should still be unknown to the scientific world. There is, indeed, a valuable paper by this gentleman on certain birds of Cuba, in the first part of the sixteenth Vol. of the Society's Transactions, where its author alludes to the "description and anatomy of two birds" (p. 12) both of which are nevertheless omitted: The Todus viridis, we apprehend is truly "one of those solitary species," which, as Mr. Macleay observes, "from having been neglected, may serve to unfold an exception, sufficient to destroy the most plausible system." For ourselves, we shall feel much surprised if this bird is entitled, in the slightest degree, to a station among the Fissirostres, in which order it has been placed by M. Vigors, in his paper "On the Natural affinities of Birds."
# Zoological Illustrations Series II/Plate 59

MARIUS Thetys.
MARIUS Thetys.
Order Lepidoptera. Sub-order Papilionides.
(Thrysanuriform Stirps.—Horsf.)
Generic Character. See Pl. 45.
Specific Character.
Wings horizontally lengthened, above bright rufous, transversely banded, with blackish stripes; beneath marbled with brown: lower part of the head, body, abdominal margin of the inferior icings, and feet, cream colour.
Papilio Petreus, Cramer, Pl. 87, D. E.
—— Thetys. Fabricius. Mant. Ins. 2, p.47. Eus. Syst. 3, 1, 77.
We frequently captured this Butterfly on the skirts of the Brazilian forests: its flight is bold and powerful, but it loves to bask on those leafy spots, where the sun, darting through a small opening of the dense foliage, illuminates a little space with sparkling brightness.
The poor and somewhat inaccurate figure of this insect in Cramer's work, is the only representation yet published. We have not had leisure to investigate its scientific relations, further than to ascertain its close affinity with Marius; of which group it appears on aberrant species.
# Zoological Illustrations Series II/Plate 61

GRYLLIVORA saularis. Male.
GRYLLIVORA Saularis.
Dial Bird.
Family Sylviadæ. Sub Family Saxicolinæ.
Generic Character.
Bill strong, compressed, the culmen gradually curved from the base, the tip strongly notched: the margins inflexed, the rictus bearded. Tarsi elevated, robust. Wings rounded, the 3, 4, 5 and 6th quills nearly equal, lesser quills nearly all of equal length. Tail graduated; the feathers broad. Nob.
Specific Character.
Glossy blue-black, body beneath, and a broad longitudinal band in the middle of the wing, pure white: tail graduated, the three middle feathers black and nearly equal, the three outer suddenly diminishing, and pure white.
Gracula Saularis. Auctorum.
Naturalists, until of late, were accustomed to pay so little regard to the habits and manners of birds, that of some of the most common species, we know as little now, as we did a century ago. We are in this predicament with the species before us, called the Dial Bird by Albin, whose vague and very questionable account of its manners, has been copied by every succeeding writer. We believe that under the name of Gracula Saularis, two, if not three species are confounded. We doubt Le Vaillants Cadran (Ois. d'Af. pl. 109) being the same as our bird: he distinctly describes and figures the female as rufous. Ours, (so labelled), is grey. To us, its natural affinity with the Saxicolæ appears almost unquestionable, but on this point we shall dwell more at length in another place. The curious analogy between this bird and Petroica bicolor, has already been mentioned: the plumage of both are precisely alike. It is thus that Nature, ever unfolding some new link of her interminable chain of relations, impresses on the mind the sublimity of that plan, which OMNIPOTENCE alone can fully comprehend.
# Zoological Illustrations Series II/Plate 63

CYNTILIA Swainsonia.
AMYNTHIA Swainsonia.
Family Papilionidæ. Sub-family Colianæ.
Characters.
Antennæ graduating from the base to a lengthened, cylindrical truncated club; the terminal joint of which is naked and concave. Head smooth, destitute of a fascicle of hairs between the antennæ. Palpi as in Colias, the last joint inclining upwards. Wings angulated, with concealed appendages. Feet as in Colias. Nob.
Type. Col. Merula. Auct.
Specific Character.
Wings above greenish white, anterior with a yellow disk, and a quadrangular black dot, encircled with orange: wings beneath obscurely lineated with green.
Colias Swainsonia. Leach. M. S. S.
We had the satisfaction of discovering this lovely Butterfly in the interior of Pernambuco, during our Brazilian researches in 1813. Although assiduously sought after, we never captured more than three specimens, and these were met with far distant from the coast: it must be either excessively rare, or very locally distributed. The colouring is peculiarly chaste and elegant; the ground is a pearly white, tinged with green, and relieved by clear yellow: in the female this latter colour is more diluted, and spreads nearly to the base of the anterior wings. This group appears to be the tropical representative of Gonepteryx; from which it is much more distinguished than Eurymus is from Colias. The two European types are called by British collectors, Brimstones, and Clouded-yellows. Dr. Horsfield has judiciously removed P. Glaucippe from Pieris to Colias, to which (although an aberrant species,) it manifestly belongs. We should not be surprised if that insect leads to Amynthia by means of Amy. Leachiana (Pl. 6. of our first series), which will be seen, from the description, to exhibit many deviations from its conjenors: this however is a mere supposition, for we have not yet analized these groups. Independant of the characters here sketched, Gonepteryx is distinctly separated from Amynthia, by the peculiar construction of the feet. The mistake of the printer, seen upon the plate, was discovered too late for correction.
# Zoological Illustrations Series II/Plate 65

CONUS. Pl. 2. Conus lithoglyphus.
CONUS lithoglyphus.
Ermine Cone.
Zoophaga. Family Strombidæ. Nob.
Operculum of the Animal smaller than the aperture of its shell; outer lip of the latter detached above.
Typical Genera. 1, Terebellum. 2, Strombus. 3, Conus. 4, ——? 5, Pleurotoma. Auct.
Generic Character. See Lam. Syst. 7, 440.
Specific Character.
Shell turbinated, redish orange, with two undulated white boards; base granulated, spire obtuse.
Conus lithoglyphus. Mus. Gevers. p. 350. Brug. Ency. Meth. p. 692. Lam. Syst. 7, 490. C. Ermineus, Dillwyn, 395.
Icones. Seba 3, pl. 42, f. 40, 41. Chem. pl. 140, f. 1298. Ency. Meth. pl. 338, f. 8.? Martini, 2, pl. 57, f. 630.—1.?
The Cone Shells belong to a predatious race of Molluscæ, who feed upon the innumerable "creeping things," which swarm in the prolific seas of the Oriental hemisphere: destitute both of jaws and lips, their mouth is formed into a long trunk or proboscis; with this they contrive to bore into solid shells, and suck the vital juices of their victims. Nearly all the species are natives of the Indian Ocean.
The circular system of Nature has been so fully demonstrated, that it must now be received as the first great truth in Natural History. As, therefore, there can be but one natural system, it necessarily follows that all combinations of groups, whether large or small, which do not pretend to exhibit such a disposition, must be more or less artificial classifications. We allude to this our opinion, as explanatory of those principles which have influenced the views indicated here of M. Cuviers Pectinibranchi; the more so, as we shall be obliged to characterize many new divisions, and to reform others, without the immediate opportunity of explaining our reasons. In another work we hope to enter on such details; and to shew we have been guided, in this matter, by more weighty considerations than mere individual opinion.
# Zoological Illustrations Series II/Plate 67

MURICINÆ Pl. 1. Murex imperialis.
MUREX Imperialis.
Imperial Murex.
Family, Buccinidæ. Sub-family Muricinæ. Nob.
Generic Character. See Lam. Syst.
Types of form. 1. M. Regius. 2. palmarosæ. 3. tripterus. 4. tenuispinosus. 5. radix? Lam.
Specific Character.
Type 1. Shell ponderous, with from four to five varices between the two lips; the varices simple, nodulous, and obtuse: intermediate, or false varices, none; aperture yellow, orange, or red; inner lip striated only at the base.
The inhabitants of the Murices, or Rock Shells, are rapacious; and feed, for the most part, upon animal matter, either living or dead. By the latter instinct they are led to frequent harbours and sea-ports, for the sake of offal, and other animal refuse, thrown from vessels, which they greedily devour. Lamarck, with his usual precision, has characterized many species; but for the very beautiful one now, we believe, for the first time described, we have to thank Messrs. Stuchbury, who favoured us with the inspection of a fine series of specimens, received from the Island of Margarita, Lat. 11. 20. N. Lon. 63. 20. W.
The genera Buccinum and Murex of Linné, appear typical of the carnivorous order Zoophaga, whose shells are either notched or channelled at their base. These arrange themselves under two great divisions. In one the animal has an operculum or lid, which closes the entrance of his shell; in the other, the shell itself is more or less enveloped by two large lobes, called the mantle, with which the animal covers his habitation. Nevertheless, these two divisions, as M. Cuvier has fully shown, become insensibly united, and form one natural group. The two principal divisions of the operculated race are represented by Cassis and Murex; the genera of the first have been pretty correctly made out; but those of the Muricinæ require much reformation; so far as regards the definition of their typical forms, and their apparent series of affinities.