OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Alvord v. United States (95 U.S. 356)

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
95 U.S. 356
Alvord v. United States
APPEAL from the Co rt of Claims.
The facts are stated in the opinion of the court.
Mr. Thomas Wilson and Mr. Jeremiah M. Wilson for the appellant.
The Solicitor-General, contra.
MR. JUSTICE MILLER delivered the opinion of the court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Alvord v. United States (99 U.S. 593)

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
99 U.S. 593
Alvord v. United States
ERROR to the Supreme Court of the Territory of Idaho.
Motion to reinstate cause dismissed under Rule 16.
Mr. J. W. Denver in support of the motion.
MR. CHIEF JUSTICE WAITE announced the judgment of the court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Karpfen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Karpfen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Karpfen, m., ‘carp,’ from the equiv. MidHG. karpfe, OHG. charpho, m.; comp. E. carp; allied to OIc. karfe. It cannot be decided whether Karpfen is a real Teut. word; probably MidLat. carpo, Fr. carpe, and Ital. carpione are derived from Teut. In Kelt. too there are cognate terms for ‘carp,’ W. carp; comp. also Russ. karpŭ, koropŭ, Serv. krap, Lith. kárpa, ‘carp.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Karte

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Karte | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Karte, f., ‘card, chart, map,’ from late MidHG. karte, f.; formed from Fr. carte.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Karfunkel

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Karfunkel | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Karfunkel, m., ‘carbuncle,’ from MidHG. karbunkel, m., with the variant karfunkel, probably based on MidHG. vunke, ModHG. Funke; b is the original sound, for the word is based upon Lat. carbunculus (comp. E. carbuncle, ModFr. escarboucle).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Karg

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Karg | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Karg, adj., ‘sparing, niggardly,’ from MidHG. karc (g), ‘prudent, cunning, sly, stingy’; in OHG. charag, ‘sad’; a derivative of the OTeut. kara, ‘care,’ discussed under Karfreitag. From the primary meaning ‘anxious,’ the three significations ‘sad,’ ‘frugal,’ and ‘cunning’ might be derived; comp. AS. čearig, ‘sad,’ and E. chary, allied to E. care. The syncope of the vowel in MidHG. karc compared with OHG. charag is normal after r.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Kartaune

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Kartaune | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Kartaune, Kartane, f., ‘short, heavy cannon,’ from Ital. quartana, MidLat. quartâna; this term, as well as its earlier ModHG. version Viertelsbüchse, signifies a gun “which fired 25 lbs., in comparison with the heaviest piece of artillery firing 100 lbs.”
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Karde

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Karde | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Karde, f., ‘fuller's thistle,’ from MidHG. karte, f., OHG. charta, f., ‘teasel, the instrument made from the thistle and used by cloth-weavers for carding wool.’ The final source is MidLat. cardus, carduus, ‘thistle’ (Fr. chardon, Ital. cardo), the d of the ModHG. word compared with the t of OHG. and MidHG. is due to the word, which was naturalised about the 7th cent., being based anew on the Lat. form. —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Kardetsche

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Kardetsche | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Kardetsche, Kardätsche, f., ‘carder's comb’; a derivative of Karde.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Karre

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Karre | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Karre, f., Karren, m., from the equiv. MidHG. karre, m. and f., OHG. charra, f., charro, m., ‘cart’; the HG. words and also the E. car (OIc. kerra) are based on MidLat. carrus, m., carra, f., and their Rum. derivatives (ModFr. char, ‘car’). Lat. carrus, ‘four-wheeled transport waggon,’ is again of Kelt. origin (Gael. carr, Bret. karr); comp. Karch, Pferd. — Kariole, Karriole, f., Kariol, n., ‘jaunting car,’ simply ModHG. from Fr. carriole. — Kärrner, m., ‘carter.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Karfreitag

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Karfreitag | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Karfreitag, m., ‘Good Friday,’ from the equiv. MidHG. karvrîtac, mostly kartac, m.; Karwoche, ‘Passion Week,’ is also current even in MidHG. The first part of the compound is OHG. chara, f., ‘lamentation. mourning’ (charasang, ‘elegy’). This OTeut. word for Klage, ‘lament,’ as distinguished from the other synonyms, signifies properly the silent, inward mourning, not the loud wailing, for in Goth. the cognate kara, f., means ‘care,’ AS. cearu, f., ‘care, suffering, grief,’ E. care. A corresponding vb. signifying ‘to sigh’ is preserved in OHG. quëran (Goth. *qaíran). Other derivatives of the Teut. root kar, qer, are wanting. See also karg.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Karst

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Karst | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Karst, m., ‘hoe,’ from the equiv. MidHG. karst, m., OHG. and OSax. carst; the word is not found in other groups. The etymology is dubious; allied to kehren (karjan), ‘to sweep’?.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Zülle

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Zülle | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Zülle, f., ‘lighter, boat,’ from the equiv. MidHG. zülle, zulle; early history obscure. The G. word is related only to the Slav. class, Russ. čélnŭ, Pol. czołn, Czech člun; on which side the word was borrowed cannot be ascertained.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Zünsler

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Zünsler | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Zünsler, m., ‘pilser,’ ModHG. only; probably allied to OHG. zinsilo, ‘tinder’ (comp. MidHG. zinden, ‘to burn’), mentioned under zünden.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/aber

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/aber | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ aber, adv. and conj., ‘but, however,’ from MidHG. aber (aver), abe (ave), adv. and conj., ‘again, once more, on the contrary, but’; OHG. abur, avar, adv. and conj. with both meanings; to this OHG. avarôn. ‘to repeat,’ ModHG. (UpG.) äfern is allied. Comp. Goth. afar, prep., ‘after,’ adv., ‘afterwards,’ OIc. afar, ‘very,’ in compounds; the word does not occur in Sax. dialects, but its deriv. OSax. aƀaro, AS. eafora, ‘descendant’ (comp. Goth. afar, ‘afterwards’), exists. It is probably related to ab and its cognates; comp. further Sans. ápara, ‘the later,’ aparám, adv., ‘latterly, in future,’ aparī̆, ‘future.’
aber, äber, adj., (UpG.), äfer (Franc), ‘free from snow, laid bare’; from the prim. form *âbar, âbiri (âfiri); orig. cognate with Lat. apricus, ‘sunny.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Zähre

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Zähre | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Zähre, f., ‘tear,’ properly neut. plur. of MidHG. zaher (*zacher), OHG. zahar (zahhar), m.; the form with ch in MidHG. is inferred from the derivative zęchern, zachern, ‘to weep’ (OHG. hhr from hr). Comp. AS. teár (from *teahor, with the variant tœhher), E. tear, OIc. tár (for *tahr-), Goth. tagr, n., ‘tear.’ A primit. Teut. word in the form dakru, which is presupposed by Gr. δάκρυ, Lat. lacruma (for earlier dacruma), OIr. dacr (dér), ‘tear.’ The equiv. Sans. áçru, if it stands for *daçru, is abnormal.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Zäh

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Zäh | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Zäh, adj., ‘tough, viscous, obstinate,’ from the equiv. MidHG. zœhe, OHG. zâhi, adj.; corresponding to Du. taai, AS. tôh, E. tough; Goth. *tâhu (from *tanhu-) has to be assumed. With the Teut. root tanh, ‘to hold firmly together,’ are also connected AS. getęnge, ‘close to, oppressing,’ and OSax. bitęngi, ‘pressing.’ Zange appears on account of its meaning to belong to a different root.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Zögling

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Zögling | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Zögling, m., ‘pupil,’ ModHG. only; formed with the suffix -ling from MidHG. *zoge, ‘guide, leader,’ in magezoge, ‘tutor,’ OHG. magazogo, ‘paedagogus’ (see Herzog); allied to ziehen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Zwitter

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Zwitter | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Zwitter (earlier ModHG. Zwiedorn), m., ‘mongrel, hermaphrodite, hybrid,’ from MidHG. zwitar, zwëtorn, zwidorn, m., ‘hermaphrodite, bastard, half-caste,’ OHG. zwitarn, zwitaran, m., ‘nothus, hybris.’ A derivative of zwi-, ‘duplex’ (see zwie-); comp. ModHG. dial. Zwister, ‘hermaphrodite.’ Different forms occur in OIc. (tvítóla) and Dan. (tvetulle, ‘hermaphrodite’).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Zügel

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Zügel | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Zügel, m., ‘rein, bridle, check,’ from MidHG. zügel, zugel, m., ‘strap, band, rein,’ OHG. zugil, zuhil (zuol), m., ‘band, cord, rein’; a derivative of ziehen. Corresponding to OIc. tygell, m., ‘strap, cord, rein,’ AS. tygel, Du. teugel, Dan. tøile. See also Zaum.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/ab

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/ab | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ ab, adv., also a prep. in older ModHG. (hence the modern abhanden, lit. ‘from the hands,’ as well as Swiss patronymics like Ab der Fluh, Ab der Hald), ‘off, away from,’ from MidHG. abe, ab, prep., ‘down from, away from, off,’ adv., ‘down,’ OHG. aba, prep., ‘away from, down from here,’ adv., ‘down.’ Corresponding to Goth. af (ab), prep., ‘down from there, from' (also adv.), MidDu. af, ave, OLG. af, equiv. to AS. of, E. of; orig. cognate with Gr. ἀπό, Sans. ápa, ‘away from.’ Of course phrases like ab Hamburg, do not contain the OG. prep., but are due to incorrect Latinity; since the 17th century commercial language has adopted Latin expressions.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Zwitlich

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Zwitlich | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Zwitlich, Zwilch, m., ‘twilled cloth, tick,’ from the equiv. MidHG. zwilich, zwilch, OHG. zwilîh (hh), m.; properly an adj. used as a subst., from zwilich, ‘twofold, consisting of two threads’ (to this MidHG. zwilchen, ‘to weave with two threads,’ is allied). Formed on the model of Lat. bilix, ‘consisting of two threads’; comp. Drillich.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Knüppel

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Knüppel | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Knüppel, m., ‘wooden bar, stick, cudgel,’ from LG.; in MidHG. knüpfel, m., ‘cudgel,’ was used. It is connected with MidHG. knopf, ‘knot on plants.’ See Knopf.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Knüttel

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Knüttel | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Knüttel, m., from the equiv. MidHG. knütel, knüttel, OHG. chnutil, m., ‘cudgel,’ prop. ‘stick or string with knots’; allied to Knoten.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Koch

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Koch | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Koch, m., ‘cook,’ from the equiv. MidHG. koch, OHG. choh(hh); comp. Du. and OSax. kok, ‘cook’; adopted before the HG. permutation of consonants, at latest in the 6th cent. (contemporaneously with Küche), when the art of cookery and horticulture were introduced from Italy; the word is based on Lat. coquus, or more accurately on the form koko- (comp. Ital. cuoco). The word passed into E. in a different form — AS. côc, E. cook, where the ô, compared with HG. and Lat. ŏ, is due to a change of quantity in an open syllable (comp. Schule and Kuchen); on the other hand, the ŏ of the HG. word is probably derived from the vb. kochen. The earlier Teut. word for kochen is sieden; an OTeut. word for ‘cook’ is wanting. —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Knöterich

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Knöterich | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Knöterich, m., ‘knot-grass’; found only in ModHG.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Koben

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Koben | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Koben, m., ‘hovel,’ from MidHG. kobe, m., ‘stable, pigsty, cage’; the ModHG. variant Kofen is derived, as the f indicates, ​from LG. The word had orig. a more general sense, and was not restricted merely to a shed for animals and pigs. Even in ModHG. the earlier meaning ‘hut’ is found; comp. MidHG. kobel, ‘narrow house'; Ic. kofi, m., ‘hut, penthouse, partition.’ In AS. the corresponding cofa is specially used as a choice poetic term for ‘apartment, bed-chamber’; hence E. cove and pigeon-cove. Goth. *kuba, on which these words are based, is wanting. The word is genuinely Teut., as is proved by OHG. chubisi (Goth. *kubisi), ‘hut,’ which, from its form, is a derivative of a far earlier period; comp. also MidHG. kober, ‘basket, pocket,³ AS. cofl, ‘basket.’ See Kobold and Kübel.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Kobalt

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Kobalt | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Kobalt, m., ‘cobalt,’ ModHG. only; of uncertain origin, probably equiv. to Kobold.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Kobold

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Kobold | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Kobold, m., ‘goblin,’ from MidHG. kóbolt, with the variant kobólt, m., ‘fantastic familiar spirit, goblin.’ As the genuinely Teut. household deities, the Kobolde may be regarded as equiv. to the AS. cofgodu, cofgodas, ‘penates, lares’ (unfortunately AS. *cofold or *cofweald, ‘household deity,’ lit. ‘protector of the bedchamber,’ is not recorded); in Goth. probably *kubawalda-. The first component is OIc. kofe, AS. cofa, ‘apartment, chamber’ (see Koben). The MidHG. and ModHG. variants Oppold and Opolt may have been *ôtwalt, Goth. *audawald, ‘Lord of wealth’; the old ôt, ‘wealth,’ has been retained only in proper names like Ottofar, Otfried (Eduard, E. Edward). For the ending -old see under Herold and walten.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Koffer

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Koffer | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Koffer, m., ‘trunk,’ ModHG. only, from Fr. coffre.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Kohl

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Kohl | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Kohl, m.. ‘cabbage,’ from the equiv. MidHG. and OHG. kôl, m., with the variants OHG. chôli, MidHG. kœle, kœl, m. (comp. Alem. chœl, kêl), as well as OHG. chôlo, chŏlo, m., MidHG. kôle, kŏle, kŏl, and ​OHG. chôla, f. Adopted with the South Europ. culinary art and horticulture from Lat. caulis, m., ‘cabbage’; E. cole; MidE. caul, coul, AS. câwl, as well as OIc. kál, n., point to Lat. caulis, whence also Ital. cavolo, Fr. chou, ‘cabbage,’ and W. cawl. The ‘apparently vernacular’ Lat. côlis would have left no trace in the history of language if the MidHG. forms kŏle, kŏl, with a short accented syllable, were not derived from it. Most of the G. varieties of fruits and vegetables may have been introduced into Germany with the art of cookery in the 6th or 7th cent.; comp. Eppich, kochen, Pfeffer, Minze, Pflaume, and Kirsche.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Kohle

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Kohle | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Kohle, f., ‘coal, charcoal,’ from the equiv. MidHG. kole, f., mostly kole, kol, m., and kol, n., OHG. cholo, m., chol, n.; comp. AS. col, n., E. coal (E. colemouse, see under Kohlmeise), OIc. kol, n. plur., ‘coals.’ Akin to the derivs, OIc. kylna, f., ‘kiln,’ AS. cylne, E. kiln, as well as Swed. kylla, ‘to heat.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Kalb

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Kalb. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Kalb, neuter, ‘calf,’ from the equivalent Middle High German kalp (b), Old High German chalb (plural chalbir), neuter; compare Anglo-Saxon cealf, English calf, Dutch kalf, Old Icelandic kalfr, masculine; Gothic has only a feminine kalbô (Old High German chalba, Middle High German kalbe), ‘heifer over a year old that has not calved.’ Middle High German kilbere, feminine, Old High German chilburra, feminine, ‘ewe lamb,’ is in a different stage of gradation; compare Anglo-Saxon cilforlamb, ‘ewe lamb,’ and Modern High German dialectic Kilber (Swiss), ‘young ram,’ (English dialectic ​chilver). In the non-Teutonic languages there is a series of words with the phonetic base glbh-, denoting ‘the young of animals.’ Compare Sanscrit gárbha, ‘covey,’ also ‘child, offspring’; in the sense of ‘mother's lap’ the Indian word suggests Greek δελφύς, ‘womb,’ and its derivative ἀδελφός, ‘brother’; compare also δέλφαξ, ‘pig, porker.’ To the a of the Teutonic word o in Greek δολφός ἡ μήτρα, ‘the womb,’ corresponds.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Kalender

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Kalender. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Kalender, masculine, ‘calendar,’ from Middle High German kalender (with the variant kalenḍenœre), masculine; the latter comes from Latin calendarium, but is accented like calendae.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Kalmank

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Kalmank. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Kalmank, Kalmang, masculine, from English calamanco, French calmande, feminine, all with the same meaning, ‘fine woollen stuff.’ Middle Latin calamancus may be derived from the East.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Kaiser

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Kaiser. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Kaiser, masculine, ‘emperor,’ from the equivalent Middle High German keiser, Old High German keisar; corresponding to Anglo-Saxon câsêre, Gothic kaisar. The ai of the Modern High German orthography originated in the Bavarian and Austrian chancery of Maximilian I., in which the Middle High German ei necessarily became ai (according to the lexicographer Helvig, A.D. 1620, Meissen Saxon Keiser was Bohemian-Bavarian Kayser). The ae of Latin Caesar, upon which the word is based, cannot be made responsible for the Modern High German ai. Moreover, the relation of Latin ai to Gothic-Teutonic ai is not explained. The Romans, it is true, used ae for ai in Teutonic words, compare Latin gaesum, under Ger; yet the use of Teutonic ê to represent ae in Latin Graecus (Gothic Krêks, Old High German Chriah, ‘Greek’) is opposed to this. At the same period as the adoption of the names Grieche and Römer (Gothic Rûmôneis), i.e., the beginning of our era, the Teutons must have borrowed the Latin term, connecting it chiefly with Caius Julius Cæsar (similarly the Slavs use the name Karl der Große of Charlemagne, in the sense of ‘king’; Old Slavonic kraljǐ, Russian korolǐ, whence Lithuanian karálius, ‘king’); yet not until the Roman emperors adopted the title Cæsar could this word, which probably existed previously in Teutonic, assume the meaning ‘emperor,’ while the Romance nations adhered to the Latin title imperator; compare French empereur. Old Slovenian césarǐ (in Russian contracted Car) is derived through a German medium (which also elucidates Middle English and Old Icelandic keiser) from Cæsar. Thus Kaiser is the earliest Latin word borrowed by Teutonic (see Hanf). For a Kelt loan-word meaning ‘king’ see under Reich.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Kalander

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Kalander. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Kalander, masculine, ‘weevil,’ from the equivalent Low German and Dutch kalander (compare French calandre).