OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Hawker, Robert Stephen

​Hawker, Robert Stephen (1804-1875).—Poet and antiquary, ed. at Cheltenham and Oxf., became parson of Morwenstow, a smuggling and wrecking community on the Cornish coast, where he exercised a reforming and beneficent, though extremely unconventional, influence until his death, shortly before which he was received into the Roman Catholic Church. He wrote some poems of great originality and charm, Records of the Western Shore (1832-36), and The Quest of the Sangraal (1863) among them, besides short poems, of which perhaps the best known is Shall Trelawny Die? which, based as it is on an old rhyme, deceived both Scott and Macaulay into thinking it an ancient fragment. He also pub. a collection of papers, Footprints of Former Men in Cornwall (1870).
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# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Hayley, William

​Hayley, William (1745-1820).—Poet and biographer, was b. at Chichester, and ed. at Eton and Camb. Though overstrained and romantic, he had some literary ability, and was a good conversationalist. He was the friend of Cowper, whose Life he wrote; and it was to his influence with Pitt that the granting of a pension to the poet was due. He was the author of numerous poems, including The Triumph of Temper, and of Essays on History and Epic Poetry, and, in addition to his biography of Cowper, wrote a Life of Milton. On the death of Thos. Warton in 1790 he was offered, but declined, the Laureateship. Of him Southey said, "Everything about that man is good except his poetry."
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# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Haywood, Mrs. Eliza

​Haywood, Mrs. Eliza (Fowler) (1693-1756).—Dramatist and novelist, b. in London, was early m. to a Mr. H., but the union turning out unhappily, she took to the stage, upon which she appeared in Dublin about 1715. She afterwards settled in London, and produced numerous plays and novels, into which she introduced scandalous episodes regarding living persons whose identity was very thinly veiled, a practice which, along with her political satires, more than once involved her in trouble, and together with certain attacks upon Pope, made in concert with Curll the bookseller, procured for her a place in The Dunciad. Her enemies called her reputation in question, but nothing very serious appears to have been proved. She is repeatedly referred to by Steele, and has been doubtfully identified with his "Sappho." Some of her works, such as The History of Jemmy and Jenny Jessamy had great popularity. Others were The Fair Captive (1721), Idalia (1723), Love in Excess (1724), Memoirs of a Certain Island adjacent to Utopia (anonymously) (1725), Secret History of Present Intrigues at the Court of Caramania (anonymously) (1727). She also conducted The Female Spectator, and other papers.
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# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Hawthorne, Nathaniel

​Hawthorne, Nathaniel (1804-1864).—Novelist, b. at Salem, Massachusetts, s. of a sea captain, who d. in 1808, after which his mother led the life of a recluse. An accident when at play conduced to an early taste for reading, and from boyhood he cherished literary aspirations. His education was completed at Bowdoin Coll., where he had Longfellow for a fellow-student. After graduating, he obtained a post in the Custom-House, which, however, he did not find congenial, and soon gave up, betaking himself to literature, his earliest efforts, besides a novel, Fanshawe, which ​had no success, being short tales and sketches, which, after appearing in periodicals, were coll. and pub. as Twice-told Tales (1837), followed by a second series in 1842. In 1841 he joined for a few months the socialistic community at Brook Farm, but soon tired of it, and in the next year he m. and set up house in Concord in an old manse, formerly tenanted by Emerson, whence proceeded Mosses from an Old Manse (1846). It was followed by The Snow Image (1851), The Scarlet Letter (1850), his most powerful work, The House of Seven Gables, and The Blithedale Romance (1852), besides his children's books, The Wonder Book, and The Tanglewood Tales. Such business as he had occupied himself with had been in connection with Custom-House appointments at different places; but in 1853 he received from his friend Franklin Pierce, on his election to the Presidency, the appointment of United States Consul at Liverpool, which he retained for four years, when, in consequence of a threatened failure of health, he went to Italy and began his story of The Marble Faun, pub. in England in 1860 under the title of The Transformation. The last of his books pub. during his lifetime was Our Old Home (1863), notes on England and the English. He had returned to America in 1860, where, with failing health and powers, he passed his remaining four years. After his death there were pub. The Ancestral Footstep, Septimus Felton, Dr. Grimshawe's Secret, and The Dolliver Romance, all more or less fragmentary. Most of H.'s work is pervaded by a strong element of mysticism, and a tendency to dwell in the border-land between the seen and the unseen. His style is characterised by a distinctive grace and charm, rich, varied, suggestive, and imaginative. On the whole he is undoubtedly the greatest imaginative writer yet produced by America.
There are several ed. of the Works, e.g. Little Classics, 25 vols.; Riverside, 15 vols.; Standard Library, 15 vols.; the two last have biographies. Lives by his son Julian, H. James (English Men of Letters, 1850), M. D. Conway (Great Writers, 1890), etc.
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# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Hay, John

​Hay, John (1838-1906).—Diplomatist and poet, b. at Salem, Indiana, ed. at Brown Univ., and called to the Illinois Bar, served in the army, and was one of President Lincoln's secs. He then held diplomatic posts at Paris, Madrid, and Vienna, was Ambassador to Great Britain, and was in 1898 appointed Sec. of State. He has a place in literature by virtue of his Pike County Ballads, and Castilian Days (1871).
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# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Hayward, Abraham

​Hayward, Abraham (1802-1884).—Miscellaneous writer, belonged to an old Wiltshire family and was ed. at Tiverton School. He studied law at the Inner Temple, and was called to the Bar 1832. He had a great reputation as a raconteur and sayer of good things, and he was a copious contributor to periodicals, especially the Quarterly Review. Many of his articles were reprinted as Biographical and Critical Essays, and Eminent Statesmen and Writers; he also wrote Lives of George Selwyn and Lord Chesterfield, and books on Whist, Junius, and The Art of Dining. His Select Correspondence appeared posthumously.
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# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Hayward, Sir John

​Hayward, Sir John (1564?-1627).—Historian, b. at Felixstowe, was the author of various historical works, the earliest of which, The First Part of the Life and Reign of King Henry IV., was pub. in 1599, and gave such offence to Queen Elizabeth that the author was imprisoned. He, however, managed to ingratiate himself with James I. by supporting his views of kingly prerogative. He also, at the request of Prince Henry, wrote a History of the three Norman Kings of England (William I., William II., and Henry I.) The Life and Reign of Edward VI. was pub. posthumously in 1630.
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# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Hazlitt, William

​Hazlitt, William (1778-1830).—Essayist and critic, b. at Maidstone, was the s. of a Unitarian minister. At his father's request he studied for the ministry at a Unitarian Coll. at Hackney. His interests, however, were much more philosophical and political than theological. The turning point in his intellectual development was his meeting with Coleridge in 1798. Soon after this he studied art with the view of becoming a painter, and devoted himself specially to portraiture, but though so good a judge as his friend J. Northcote, R.A., believed he had the talent requisite for success ​he could not satisfy himself, and gave up the idea, though always retaining his love of art. He then definitely turned to literature, and in 1805 pub. his first book, Essay on the Principles of Human Action, which was followed by various other philosophical and political essays. About 1812 he became parliamentary and dramatic reporter to the Morning Chronicle; in 1814 a contributor to the Edinburgh Review; and in 1817 he pub. a vol. of literary sketches, The Round Table. In the last named year appeared his Characters of Shakespeare's Plays, which was severely attacked in the Quarterly Review and Blackwood's Magazine, to which his democratic views made him obnoxious. He defended himself in a cutting Letter to William Gifford, the ed. of the former. The best of H.'s critical work his three courses of Lectures, On the English Poets, On the English Comic Writers, and On the Dramatic Literature of the Age of Queen Elizabeth appeared successively in 1818, 1819, and 1820. His next works were Table Talk, in which he attacked Shelley (1821-22), and The Spirit of the Age (1825), in which he criticised some of his contemporaries. He then commenced what he intended to be his chief literary undertaking, a life of Napoleon Buonaparte, in 4 vols. (1828-30). Though written with great literary ability, its views and sympathies were unpopular, and it failed in attaining success. His last work was a Life of Titian, in which he collaborated with Northcote. H. is one of the most subtle and acute of English critics, though, when contemporaries came under review, he sometimes allowed himself to be unduly swayed by personal or political feeling, from which he had himself often suffered at the hands of others. His chief principle of criticism as avowed by himself was that "a genuine criticism should reflect the colour, the light and shade, the soul and body of a work." In his private life he was not happy. His first marriage, entered into in 1807, ended in a divorce in 1822, and was followed by an amour with his landlady's dau., which he celebrated in Liber Amoris, a work which exposed him to severe censure. A second marriage with a Mrs. Bridgewater ended by the lady leaving him shortly after. The fact is that H. was possessed of a peculiar temper, which led to his quarrelling with most of his friends. He was, however, a man of honest and sincere convictions. There is a coll. ed. of his works, the "Winterslow," by A. R. Waller and A. Glover, 12 vols., with introduction by W. E. Henley, etc.
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# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Hayne, Paul Hamilton

​Hayne, Paul Hamilton (1830-1886).—Poet, b. at Charleston, S. Carolina, of an old family, contributed to various ​magazines, and pub. Poems (1885), containing "Legends and Lyrics." His graceful verses show the influence of Keats. His sonnets are some of his best work.
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# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Head, Sir Francis Bond

​Head, Sir Francis Bond (1793-1875).—Traveller, essayist, and biographer, served in the Engineers, went to South America as manager of a mining company, which failed, and then turned to literature, and made considerable reputation by a book of travels, Rapid Journeys across the Pampas and among the Andes (1827), which was followed by Bubbles from the Brunnens of Nassau (1834). He was Governor of Upper Canada 1835-37, but was not a great success. Thereafter he contributed to the Quarterly Review, and repub. his articles as Stokers and Pokers—Highways and Byways, and wrote a Life of Bruce, the Abyssinian traveller. He was made a Baronet in 1836.
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# A Diversity of Creatures/A Translation

Best served after the previous story, Regulus
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A TRANSLATION
Horace, Bk. V. Ode 3
There are whose study is of smells, And to attentive schools rehearse How something mixed with something else Makes something worse.
Some cultivate in broths impure The clients of our body—these, Increasing without Venus, cure, Or cause, disease.
Others the heated wheel extol, And all its offspring, whose concern Is how to make it farthest roll And fastest turn.
Me, much incurious if the hour Present, or to be paid for, brings Me to Brundusium by the power Of wheels or wings;
Me, in whose breast no flame hath burned Life-long, save that by Pindar lit, Such lore leaves cold: I am not turned Aside to it
More than when, sunk in thought profound Of what the unaltering Gods require, My steward (friend but slave) brings round Logs for my fire.
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# A Diversity of Creatures/'Helen all Alone'

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'HELEN ALL ALONE'
There was darkness under Heaven For an hour's space— Darkness that we knew was given Us for special grace. Sun and moon and stars were hid, God had left His Throne, When Helen came to me, she did, Helen all alone!
Side by side (because our fate Damned us ere our birth) We stole out of Limbo Gate Looking for the Earth. Hand in pulling hand amid Fear no dreams have known, Helen ran with me, she did, Helen all alone!
When the Horror passing speech Hunted us along, Each laid hold on each, and each Found the other strong.
In the teeth of things forbid And Reason overthrown, Helen stood by me, she did, Helen all alone!
When, at last, we heard the Fires Dull and die away, When, at last, our linked desires Dragged us up to day, When, at last, our souls were rid Of what that Night had shown, Helen passed from me, she did, Helen all alone!
Let her go and find a mate, As I will find a bride, Knowing naught of Limbo Gate Or Who are penned inside. There is knowledge God forbid More than one should own. So Helen went from me, she did, Oh my soul, be glad she did! Helen all alone!
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# A Diversity of Creatures

A mixed bag of genres—or a diversity of creatures, as Kipling preferred to called it; with poems following and referencing the stories. These include the science fiction-ish As Easy as A.B.C and the two Stalky & Co. tales (not included in the book): The Honours of War and Regulus.
For a further understanding of some of the classical, or dated, allusions in the stories see [here]
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A DIVERSITY OF CREATURES
A DIVERSITY
OF CREATURES
BY
RUDYARD KIPLING
Arabian Nights.
MACMILLAN AND CO., LIMITED
ST. MARTIN'S STREET, LONDON
1917
COPYRIGHT
PREFACE
With three exceptions, the dates at the head of these stories show when they were published in magazine form. 'The Village that Voted the Earth was Flat,' 'Regulus,' and 'My Son's Wife' carry the dates when they were written.
RUDYARD KIPLING.
CONTENTS
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
The longest-living author of this work died in 1936, so this work is in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 87 years or less. This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Stanley, Sir Henry Morton

Stanley, Sir Henry Morton (1841-1904). -- Traveller in Africa, b. in America, went to find, and found, Livingstone, and wrote an account of his adventures in the quest, How I found Livingstone. Other works were In Darkest Africa and Through the Dark Continent.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Stanley, Thomas

Stanley, Thomas (1625-1678). -- Philosopher and scholar, connected with the Derby family, ed. at Camb., was the author of some poems and of a biographical History of Philosophy (4 vols., 1655-62). He was learned in the classics, and translated from the Latin and late Greek as well as from the Italian and Portuguese, and ed. Æschylus. His poetry is thoughtful and gracefully expressedpage 357.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Stanyhurst, Richard

Stanyhurst, Richard (1547-1618). -- Translator, was at Oxf., and studied law at Furnivall's Inn and Lincoln's Inn. He collaborated with Holinshed (q.v.). His principal literary achievement was a grotesquely stiff, clumsy, and prosaic translation of the first four books of the Æneid into English hexameters. He also translated some of the Psalms.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Stedman, Edmund Clarence

Stedman, Edmund Clarence, L.H.D., LL.D., (1833-1908). -- American poet and critic. Poems Lyric and Idyllic (1860), Alice of Monmouth (1864), The Blameless Prince (1869), Victorian Poets (1875-87), Lyrics and Idylls (1879), Poets of America (1885), Victorian Anthology (1896), American Anthology (1896), etc.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Steevens, George

Steevens, George (1736-1800). -- Shakespearian commentator, ed. at Eton and Camb. He issued various reprints of quarto ed. of Shakespeare, and assisted Dr. Johnson in his ed., and also in his Lives of the Poets. In 1793 he himself brought out a new ed. of Shakespeare, in which he dealt somewhat freely with the text. He was in constant controversy with Ritson and other literary antiquaries, and was also an acute detector of literary forgeries, including those of Chatterton and Ireland.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Stephen, Sir James

Stephen, Sir James (1789-1859). -- Statesman and historical writer, s. of James S., Master in Chancery, ed. at Camb., and called to the Bar at Lincoln's Inn 1811. After practising with success, accepted appointment of permanent counsel to Colonial Office and Board of Trade 1825, and was subsequently, 1826-47, permanent Under-Sec. for the Colonies, in which capacity he exercised an immense influence on the colonial policy of the empire, and did much to bring about the abolition of the slave trade. Impaired health led to his resignation, when he was made K.C.B. and a Privy Councillor. He was afterwards Prof. of Modern History at Camb. 1849-59, and of the same subject at the East India Coll. at Haileybury 1855-57. He wrote Essays in Ecclesiastical Biography (1849) and Lectures on the History of France (1852).
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Stanley, Arthur Penrhyn

Stanley, Arthur Penrhyn (1815-1881). -- Historian, biographer, and theologian, s. of Edward S., Bishop of Norwich, b. at Alderley, Cheshire, of which his f. was then rector, ed. at Rugby and Oxf., became a Fellow of Univ. Coll. Taking orders in 1839 he became Canon of Canterbury 1851, and of Christ Church 1858, and Dean of Westminster 1864. He was also Prof. of Ecclesiastical History at Oxf. 1856. His ecclesiastical position was Erastian and latitudinarian, and his practical aim in Church politics comprehension. He gave great offence to the High Church party by his championing of Colenso, W.G. Ward, Jowett, and others, by his preaching in the pulpits of the Church of Scotland and in other ways, and his latitudinarianism made him equally obnoxious to many others. On the other hand, his singular personal charm and the fascination of his literary style secured for him a very wide popularity. He was a prolific author, his works including Life of Dr. Arnold (of Rugby) (1844), whose favourite pupil he was, and Memorials of Canterbury (1854), Sinai and Palestine (1855), Lectures on the Eastern Church (1861), History of the Jewish Church (1863, etc.), Historical Memorials of Westminster Abbey (1867), Lectures on the History of the Church of Scotland (1872), besides various commentaries. In his historical writings he aimed rather at conveying a vivid and picturesque general effect than at minute accuracy of detail or philosophical views. His masterpiece is his Life of Dr. Arnold, which is one of the great biographies in the language. His wife was Lady Augusta Bruce, to whom he was m. in 1868.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Steevens, George Warrington

Steevens, George Warrington (1869-1900). -- Journalist and miscellaneous writer, b. at Sydenham, and ed. at City of London School and Oxf., took to journalism, in which he distinguished himself by his clearness of vision and vivid style. Connected successively with the National Observer, the Pall Mall Gazette, and the Daily Mail, he utilised the articles which appeared in these and other publications in various books, such as The Land of the Dollar (America) (1897), With Kitchener to Kartoum, and The Tragedy of Dreyfus. His most striking work, however, was Monologues of the Dead (1895). He went as war correspondent to South Africa in 1900, and d. of enteric fever at Ladysmith.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Akers, Thomas

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​AKERS. (Lieutenant, 1813. f-p., 11; h-p., 33.)
Thomas Akers was born 29 June, 1784. One of his brothers, James, served in Nelson’s attack on the Boulogne flotilla in 1801, and was in the Northumberland, off St. Domingo, 6 Feb. 1806; another, Henry, was with Sir Home Popham in the Diadem, at the capture of Buenos Ayres in 1806; and a third, William, served in the Dover and Caroline frigates, at the reduction of Amboyna and Banda, in 1810. This officer entered the Navy, in Oct. 1803, as A. B., on board the Loire 36, Capt. Fred. Lewis Maitland, employed on the Irish station. On removing, in 1805, to the Prince 98, Capt. Rich. Grindall, he took part in the battle of Trafalgar; and, while next in the Goliath 74, Capt. Peter Puget, he co-operated in the reduction of Copenhagen in Sept. 1807. After serving for a few months as Midshipman of the Blake 74, Capt. Edw. Codrington, he joined, in April, 1809, the Rolla brig, Capts. Sam. Clarke and Wm. Hill, under whom he appears to have accompanied the expedition to the Walcheren, and to have been severely wounded in different parts of the body while skirmishing in the Downs, where, in an open boat, he was very successful in his exertions against the smugglers. On his subsequent arrival at the Brazils in the Indefatigable 44, Capt. John Fyffe, Mr. Akers was promoted (having passed his examination in 1810) to a Lieutenancy, 16 July, 1813, in the Montagc 74, bearing the flag of Rear-Admiral Manley Dixon. He returned home with convoy in the Nisus 38, Capt. Chas. Marsh Schomberg, and was paid off in April, 1814.
He married, 1 Oct. 1816, and has issue three sons.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Aitkin, Alexander

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​AITKIN. (Lieutenant, 1815. f-p., 11; h-p., 32.)
Alexander Aitkin entered the Navy, 10 Dec. 1804, on board the Roebuck 44, Capt. Geo. M‘Kinley, bearing the flag in Yarmouth Roads of Admiral Billy Douglas. He afterwards served for nine years (including a short period as Acting-Lieutenant), in the Nassau 64, Orion 74, Tremendous 74, Orlando 36, and Tremendous again, flag-ships, in the North Sea, Baltic, and Mediterranean, of Admirals Thos. Macnamara Russell, Sir Jas. Saumarez, Sir Edw. Pellew, Sir John Gore, and Sir Chas. Vinicombe Penrose. In the Nassau, commanded at the time by Capt. Robt. Campbell, he attended the expedition to Copenhagen in 1807; and (on that ship’s hard-wrought extrication from a mass of ice in which she had been blocked up during the whole winter) was present, in company with the Stately 64, at the capture and destruction, 22 March, 1808, of the Danish 74-gun ship Prindts Christian Frederic, after a running fight of great length and obstinacy, in which the Nassau sustained a loss of two men killed and 16 wounded. He obtained his commission 11 Feb. 1815, and has not since been employed.