OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The New Student's Reference Work/Quicksand

See also Quicksand on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Quick'sand (quick, i. e. living or moving sand), a tract of sand which, without differing much in appearance from the shore of which it forms a part, remains permanently saturated with water to such an extent that it cannot support any weight. Quicksands are most often found near the mouths of large rivers. They appear to be formed only on flat shores, the layer of earth under the sand being stiff clay, which water cannot pass through; and in narrow channels, through which the adjoining shore from its shape causes strong tidal currents to run, the sand may be kept so constantly stirred up by the moving water that a quicksand results. Quicksands are not commonly of great extent, and their danger has probably been exaggerated in the popular mind by sensational descriptions in works of fiction, as in the Bride of Lammermoor and in Moonstone.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Quincy, Ill.

See also Quincy, Illinois on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Quin'cy, Ill., the third city in Illinois and county-seat of Adams County, is on the Mississippi, and was founded in 1822. It has steadily grown into a manufacturing city of considerable importance. Among the many manufactured articles are stoves, farm implements, incubators, metallic wheels, stationary engines, engine supplies, furniture, clothing, carriages, paving and building brick, lumber and lime. In addition to several railroad lines, the city has river transportation. The public institutions include a free library of 22,000 volumes, a fine courthouse, soldiers' and sailors' home, hospitals, churches, Federal building and many beautiful parks. The city has 13 public-school buildings with an enrollment of 5,000, 12 parochial schools with an enrollment of 2,500, two large business-colleges and several private schools. The city is noted for beautiful shade-trees, paved streets and healthful situation on a bluff above the river. Population 36,587.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Quinine

See also Quinine on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Quinine (kwī'-nīn or kwĭ-nēn' ), is an alkaloid in the bark of numerous species of cinchona and in one species of remigia, its yield varying from 1½ to 8 per cent. Quinine is obtained from the powdered bark by treating it with lime; extracting the mixture with alcohol; neutralizing with an acid so as to obtain a salt of quinine; and finally purifying the product. Preparations of quinine, especially the sulphate, are largely used in medicine.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Quern

See also Quern-stone on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Quern (kwērn), a mill used in early times for grinding corn, the stone of which was turned by hand. It is a contrivance of great antiquity, and so well-adapted to the wants of a primitive people that we find it at the present day in remote districts of Ireland and in some parts of the Hebrides and Shetlands. The remains of querns have been dug up in Britain, Ireland and continental Europe wherever the traces of ancient population are found. The most usual form consists of two circular, flat stones, the upper one pierced in the center with a narrow funnel and revolving on a wooden or metal pin inserted in the lower. The upper stone is occasionally ornamented with various devices; in the Roman period it sometimes was funnel-shaped, with grooves radiating from the center. In using the quern the grain was dropped with one hand into the central opening, while with the other the upper stone was revolved by means of a stick inserted in a small opening near the edge.
# The New York Times/1918/11/11/Bronx Gets Record Tax

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BRONX GETS RECORD TAX.
$663,558 on Douglas Estate that Held $961,000 Liberty Loan.
The largest transfer tax recorded in Bronx County will be paid this morning when the fee on the estate of the late James Douglas of Riverdale-on-Hudson, who died last July, is entered. Alfred B. Simons, Transfer Tax Appraiser, in his report filed with Surrogate George M. S. Schultz, placed the tax at $663,558.02.
The total of the Douglas estate was put at $18,635,722, less about $1,000,000 for debts and counsel fees. At his death, Mr. Douglas, who was a financier and mining stock promoter, had $370,255 cash, $469,498 bonds and notes, and $15,172,000 stocks. Among the assets are $150,000 of the First Liberty Loan, $400,000 Second Loan, and $411,000 Third Loan, making a total of $961,000 lent to the winning of the war.
# The New York Times/1918/11/11/Born

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Born.
GUTTER.—Mr. and Mrs. Sig Gutter announce the birth of a daughter on Nov. 4, 1918.
SPERLING.—Mr. and Mrs. Herman I. Sperling (nee Jane De Boer) announce the birth of a son, Tuesday, Nov. 5, at Lenox Hill Hospital.
# The New York Times/1918/11/11/British Sweep on in Southern Belgium

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BRITISH SWEEP ON IN SOUTHERN BELGIUM
Capture Lauze and Renaix and Reach the Southern Outskirts of Mons.
LONDON, Nov. 10.—The British sweep through Southern Belgium continued today. The Franco-Belgian frontier was reached south of the Sambre. North of the Mons-Condé Canal the advance beyond the Scheldt was pressed, the town of Lauze being captured, and British cavalry is approaching Ath, (sixteen miles east of Tournai.)
Further north, progress has been made to a point four miles east of Renaix, the capture of which was reported in Field Marshal Haig's day bulletin.
The Faubourg de Bertaimont, on the southern outskirts of Mons, has been occupied.
Following is the night report from British Headquarters:
The text of the day statement follows:
   Our advanced forces are keeping in touch with the retreating enemy on the whole front.
   We have occupied the Faubourg de Bertaimont, on the southern outskirts of Mons.
   Further north we are approaching Leuze and have taken Renaix. [Renaix is about thirty miles west of Brussels.]
   South of the Sambre our advanced troops have reached the Franco-Belgian frontier. North of the Sambre our progress continued against somewhat increased resistance from the enemy rearguards.
   North of the Mons-Condé Canal our troops have taken Leuse, and our cavalry is approaching Ath. We have progressed four miles east of Renaix.
   Our advanced detachments are pushing forward southeast of Mons, and have reached the line of the canal west and northwest of that town. On the railways east of Maubeuge great quantities of rolling stock have fallen into our hands.
# The New York Times/1918/11/11/Box Office Men Go to War Duty

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Box Office Men Go to War Duty.
Lawrence Fitzgerald, box office treasurer at Aeolian Hall, left yesterday to join the army motor transport corps at Camp Holabird, near Baltimore. Howard Heck of the Carnegie Hall box office staff, also known to New York concertgoers, is with the marines at Iona Island.
# The New York Times/1918/11/11/Centres of the Widespread Disaffection in Germany

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Centres of the Widespread Disaffection in Germany
The cities of Germany, marked by black oblongs, are those in which the revolutionary movement has obtained partial or complete control. In addition to those thus designated, Chemnitz, Cassel, Aix-la-Chapelle, Nuremberg, Munster, Düsseldorf, Karlsruhe, and Mannheim have gone over to the Reds, according to advices received after the preparation of the map.
Württemberg's King has abdicated, and the King of Saxony is reported to be on the verge of doing so, as well as the King of Bavaria, following the outbreak in Munich last week. The Duke of Brunswick has likewise abdicated, together with his heir.
The heavy black line at the left marks the advancing battlefront of the allied armies.
The map also shows De Steeg, Holland, the ex-Kaiser's reported destination.
At the time of their greatest advance in 1914, the Germans held approximately 12,000 square miles of French territory.
Today, so far as may be calculated from the fragmentary data of their rapid retreat, they are in possession of only about 2,400 square miles of French soil.
# The New York Times/1918/11/11/Classified

Content exists for this periodical, though at this stage it is not specifically organised beyond a basic hierarchy.
The pages listed below are an automatically generated listing.
Special:PrefixIndex/The New York Times/1918/11/11/Classified/
# The New York Times/1918/11/11/China Extends Loan

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CHINA EXTENDS LOAN.
Six Months More Allowed for Carrying Out 'Four Power' Agreement.
PEKING, Friday, Nov. 8, (Associated Press.)—A further extension of six months has been granted by the Chinese Government on the currency loan agreement of 1910, which expired on Oct. 14. The amount of the loan was £10,000,000, and its purpose was to reform the currency system. Owing to the revolution the loan was not completed.
The loan referred to above is the famous "four power" agreement, under which a group of American, English, German, and French financiers loaned China $50,000,000. According to the terms of the agreement the loan was to have peen paid in installments, but the unsettled condition of the country, due to the unrest in China, has prevented the carrying out of the agreement.
# The New York Times/1918/11/11/Capablanca Held to Draw

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CAPABLANCA HELD TO DRAW
Kostich Forces Chess Game with Perpetual Check.
José R. Capablanca and Boris Kostich divided the honors of their return match adjourned from the final round of the international tournament at the Manhattan Chess Club yesterday, when, after a difficult ending in which both had to exercise the utmost caution, a draw was agreed to after fifty-six moves. At that stage, Capablanca had a queen and two pawns against Kostich's two rooks, but the latter was in a position to enforce the draw by means of a perpetual check.
It was the second draw between the two leaders, winners of the first and second prizes, respectively, and neither was defeated in any game of the twelve each contested.
# The New York Times/1918/11/11/Charting Air Lanes

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CHARTING AIR LANES.
Mosaic of United States Showing Landmarks to Follow.
Special to The New York Times.
WASHINGTON, Nov. 10.—Charting air lanes over the United States has been begun by the army. These charts are mosaics made with stereopticon cameras, showing such land marks as waterways, railroads, cities, and mountains for pilots to follow.
From Kelly Field instructors and members of their classes work with the aid of airplanes carrying cameras and motor trucks carrying photographic material and supplies and a portable darkroom for developing plates and films. Sich an outfit is usually set up in some town in the district to be photographed, which has a landing field adjacent. The men employed in the work are rationed from this camp, and the developing and printing of the films and plates delivered by the airplanes are all done here. As fast as one district is finished the outfit moves on to the next.
# The Meditations of the Emperor Marcus Antoninus/Genealogical Table

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GENEALOGICAL TABLE
| | | | | | | | | | | Cn. Domitius Afer | Cn. Domitius Afer |
| | | | | | | Annius Verus | Annius Verus | Catilius Severus | Catilius Severus | Cn. Domitius Lucanus (adopt.) | Cn. Domitius Lucanus (adopt.) |
| P. Aelius Hadrianus | P. Aelius Hadrianus | P. Aelius Hadrianus | P. Aelius Hadrianus | P. Aelius Hadrianus | M. Annius Verus = | M. Annius Verus = | Rupilia Faustina | P. Calvisius Tullus | P. Calvisius Tullus | = Domitia Lucilla | = Domitia Lucilla |
| L Aelius Caesar (adopt.) | L Aelius Caesar (adopt.) | T Antoninus Pius (adopt.) | T Antoninus Pius (adopt.) | = Annia Faustina | = Annia Faustina | M. Annius Verus | M. Annius Verus | = Domitia Lucilla | = Domitia Lucilla | | |
| | | | Annia Faustina | Annia Faustina | = M. Annius Verus (M. Aurelius Antoninus) | = M. Annius Verus (M. Aurelius Antoninus) | | Annia Cornificia Faustina | Annia Cornificia Faustina | = Ummidius Quadratus | = Ummidius Quadratus |
| | L Aurelius Verus (adopted by Pius) | L Aurelius Verus (adopted by Pius) | L Aurelius Verus (adopted by Pius) | = Lucilla | L. Aur. Antoninus Commodus | L. Aur. Antoninus Commodus | L. Aur. Antoninus Commodus | Fadilla = | Fadilla = | Cn. Claudius Severus | Cn. Claudius Severus |
# The Natural History of Selborne, 1879/Letter 30

The Natural History and Antiquities of Selborne was first published 1789. This edition was published in 1879 and edited by G. Christopher Davies
LETTER XXX.
Selborne, Aug. 1st, 1770
Dear Sir,—The French, I think, in general are strangely prolix in their natural history. What Linnæus says with respect to insects holds good in every other branch: "Verbositas præsentis sæculi, calamitas artis."
Pray how do you approve of Scopoli's new work? As I admire his "Entomologia," I long to see it.
I forgot to mention in my last letter (and had not room to insert in the former) that the male moose, in rutting time, swims from island to island, in the lakes and rivers of North America, in pursuit of the females. My friend, the chaplain, saw one killed in the water as it was on that errand in the river St. Lawrence: it was a monstrous beast, he told me; but he did not take the dimensions.
When I was last in town our friend Mr. Barrington most obligingly carried me to see many curious sights. As you were then writing to him about horns, he carried me to see many strange and wonderful specimens. There is, I remember, at Lord Pembroke's at Wilton, a horn room furnished with more than thirty different pairs; but I have not seen that house lately.
Mr. Barrington showed me many astonishing collections of stuffed and living birds from all quarters of the world. After I had studied over the latter for a time, I remarked that every species almost that came from distant regions, such as South America, the coast of Guinea, etc., were thick-billed birds of the ​loxia and fringilla genera; and no motacillæ, or muscicapæ, were to be met with. When I came to consider, the reason was obvious enough; for the hard-billed birds subsist on seeds which are easily carried on board; while the soft-billed birds, which are supported by worms and insects, or, what is a succedaneum for them, fresh raw meat, can meet with neither in long and tedious voyages. It is from this defect of food that our collections (curious as they are) are defective, and we are deprived of some of the most delicate and lively genera.
I am, etc.
# The Natural History of Selborne, 1879/Letter 35

The Natural History and Antiquities of Selborne was first published 1789. This edition was published in 1879 and edited by G. Christopher Davies
LETTER XXXV.
Selborne, 1771.
Dear Sir,—Happening to make a visit to my neighbour's
The Common Peacock (Pavo cristatus).
peacocks, I could not help observing that the trains of those magnificent birds appear by no means to be their tails; those ​long feathers growing not from their uropygium, but all up their backs. A range of short brown stiff feathers, about six inches long, fixed in the uropygium, is the real tail, and serves as the fulcrum to prop the train, which is long and top-heavy, when set on end. When the train is up, nothing appears of the bird before but its head and neck; but this would not be the case were those long feathers fixed only in the rump, as may be seen by the turkey cock when in a strutting attitude. By a strong muscular vibration these birds can make the shafts of their long feathers clatter like the swords of a sword dancer; they then trample very quick with their feet, and run backwards towards the females.
I should tell you that I have got an uncommon calculus ægogropila, taken out of the stomach of a fat ox; it is perfectly round, and about the size of a large Seville orange; such are, I think, usually flat.
# The Natural History of Selborne, 1879/Letter 31

The Natural History and Antiquities of Selborne was first published 1789. This edition was published in 1879 and edited by G. Christopher Davies
LETTER XXXI.
Selborne, Sept. 14th, 1770
Dear Sir,—You saw, I find, the ring-ousels again among their native crags; and are farther assured that they continue resident in those cold regions the whole year. From whence then do our ring-ousels migrate so regularly every September, and make their appearance again, as if in their return, every April? They are more early this year than common, for some were seen at the usual hill on the fourth of this month.
An observing Devonshire gentleman tells me that they frequent some parts of Dartmoor, and breed there; but leave those haunts about the end of September, or beginning of October, and return again about the end of March.
Another intelligent person assures me that they breed in great abundance all over the peak of Derby, and are called there tor-ousels; withdraw in October and November, and return in spring. This information seems to throw some light on my new migration.
Scopoli's new work (which I have just procured) has its merit in ascertaining many of the birds of the Tirol and Carniola. Monographers, come from whence they may, have, I think, fair pretence to challenge some regard and approbation from the lovers of natural history; for, as no man can alone investigate ​the works of nature, these partial writers may, each in their department, be more accurate in their discoveries, and freer from errors, than more general writers; and so by degrees may pave the way to an universal correct natural history. Not that Scopoli is so circumstantial and attentive to the life and conversation of his birds as I could wish: he advances some false facts; as when he says of the hirundo urbica that "pullos extra nidum non nutrit."
This assertion I know to be wrong from repeated observation this summer; for house-martins do feed their young flying, though it must be acknowledged not so commonly as the house-swallow; and the feat is done in so quick a manner as not to be perceptible to indifferent observers. He also advances some (I was going to say) improbable facts; as when he says of the woodcock that "pullos rostra portat fugiens ab hoste." But candour forbids me to say absolutely that any fact is false, because I have never been witness to such a fact. I have only to remark that the long unwieldy bill of the woodcock is perhaps the worst adapted of any among the winged creation for such a feat of natural affection. 1
I am, etc.
NOTE TO LETTER XXXI.
1 It is a fact that the woodcock does carry its young. The legs and beak are both employed in holding the young one to the parent's breast as it flies.
# The Natural History of Selborne, 1879/Letter 32

The Natural History and Antiquities of Selborne was first published 1789. This edition was published in 1879 and edited by G. Christopher Davies
LETTER XXXII.
Selborne, October 29th, 177O
Dear Sir,—After an ineffectual search in Linnæus, Brisson, etc., I begin to suspect that I discern my brother's hirundo hyberna in Scopoli's new discovered hirundo rupestris, p. 167. His description of "Supra murina, subtus albida; rectrices maculâ ovali albâ in latere inferno; pedes nudi, nigri; rostrum nigrum; remiges obscuriores quam plumæ dorsales; rectrices remigibus ​concolores; caudâ emarginatâ, nec forcipatâ;" agrees very well with the bird in question: but when he comes to advance that it is "statiira hirundinis urbicæ," and that "definitio hirundinis ripariæ Linnæi huic quoque convenïit," he in some measure invalidates all he has said; at least he shows at once that he compares them to these species merely from memory: for I have compared the birds themselves, and find they differ widely in every circumstance of shape, size, and colour. However, as you will have a specimen, I shall be glad to hear what your judgment is in the matter.
Whether my brother is forestalled in his non-descript or not, he will have the credit of first discovering that they spend their winters under the warm and sheltry shores of Gibraltar and Barbary.
Scopoli's characters of his ordines and genera are clear, just, and expressive, and much in the spirit of Linnæus. These few remarks are the result of my first perusal of Scopoli's "Annus Primus."
The bane of our science is the comparing one animal to the other by memory: for want of caution in this particular Scopoli falls into errors: he is not so full with regard to the manners of his indigenous birds as might be wished, as you justly observe: his Latin is easy, elegant, and expressive, and very superior to Kramer's.
I am pleased to see that my description of the moose corresponds so well with yours.
I am, etc.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Poultry

See also Poultry on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Poul′try (Latin pullus, a chicken), birds domesticated by man, usually embracing chickens, ducks, geese, turkeys and guinea-fowl. From the time when men began to abandon their wandering mode of life and settle in fixed habitations poultry in some form or other has taken the place of the wild birds which they are no longer able to snare and kill. Poultry are raised for the food furnished by their flesh and their eggs. Their flesh enters largely into the food-supply, and is both healthy and nutritious. The production of eggs in the United States in 1908 was 1,293,662,433 dozen. In France, where poultry are bred to so great an extent, there are no poultry-farms, in the exclusive sense, but fowls are kept by every farmer and cottager. The same remark applies to Italy, Denmark and Ireland, all of which export large quantities of eggs and poultry. In the vinegrowing districts of France fowls are permitted to wander among the vines nearly all the year, and they do excellent ​service in cleaning off insects as well as in manuring the ground. To make poultry profitable, they should be well-housed and well-fed, with sufficient space for obtaining gravel, grass, worms, garbage etc. Their houses should also be kept clean, as the richness of their manure makes the ground very foul. For laying-hens it has been found that soft food is very beneficial and that it should be given in the morning, with hard corn in the latter part of the day. Sitting hens should have a quiet nest, where they will not be disturbed during the 21 days required for incubation. Artificial incubation has been very largely adopted by poultry-raisers, most of the machines now sold working with great precision and regularity. The advantage of incubators is that they can be used at all seasons.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Pouter

See also the disclaimer.
​Pout′er. See Pigeon.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Potassium

See also Potassium on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Potassium (pō̇-tăs′sĭ-um), a bluish-white metal discovered by Sir Humphrey Davy in 1807. It is the lightest of all the metals except lithium, and, as its specific gravity is only .865, it readily floats on water. In so doing it reacts violently with the water, forming caustic potash and giving off hydrogen, which ignites spontaneously from the heat of the reaction. At 32° F. it is brittle, like glass; at 59° it is soft and malleable; at 144° it becomes liquid. Potassium is widely diffused in the vegetable, animal and mineral kingdoms. Some of the more important potassium compounds are caustic potash (the hydroxide), the carbonate, the bicarbonate; also potassium chloride, bromide, iodide, nitrate (saltpeter), sulphate, chlorate, cyanide etc. Of these iodide, bromide and chlorate are used for medicines, the others being employed more or less in the arts.