OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Heim

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Heim. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Heim, neuter, ‘home,’ from Middle High German and Old High German heim, neuter, ‘house, home, dwelling-place,’ compare Old Saxon hêm, ‘dwelling-place,’ Anglo-Saxon hâm. ‘home, dwelling-place, house,’ English home, Old Icelandic heimr, masculine, ‘dwelling, world,’ Gothic haims, feminine, ‘village.’ In the 17th century and in the first half of the 18th, the Modern High German word vanished from the literary language (the adverb heim only being still used), but was restored through the influence of English literature (see Halle, Elf). The meaning of the Gothic substantive is found in the remaining dialects only in names of places formed with -heim as the second component. In Gothic a more general meaning, ‘dwelling,’ is seen in the adjective anahaims, ‘present,’ afhaims, ‘absent’ (see Heimat). The assumption that ‘village’ is the earlier meaning of Heim is also supported by Lithuanian këmas, kaímas, ‘(peasant’s) farm’; Sanscrit kšêma-s, ‘secure residence,’ allied to the root kši, ‘to dwell securely, while away’ (kšitís, feminine, ‘dwelling, earth’), Old Slovenian po-čiti, ‘requiescere,’ po-kojĭ, ‘rest’; perhaps also Greek κώμη (for κῴμη), ‘village’?.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Heller

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Heller. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Heller, masculine, from the equivalent Middle High German heller, haller, masculine, ‘a copper coin worth about 1/17d.’; according to the ordinary supposition, “it was so called from the imperial town of Schwäbisch-Hall, where it was first coined.” The Old High German term halling, ‘obolus,’ which apparently contradicts this, is perhaps rightly regarded as identical with Middle High German hęlblinc, masculine ‘a fourth of a farthing.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Heiland

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Heiland. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Heiland, from the equivalent Middle High German and Old High German heilant, masculine, ‘Saviour’; properly a participle of heilen (a being retained in the participle derivative as in Weigand); the term is High German and Low German; compare Old Saxon hêliand, Anglo-Saxon hœ̂lend. In England, where it became obsolete as early as the 13th century, the word, even in the older period, was never so deeply rooted as in Germany. In Gothic nasjands, Anglo-Saxon nergend.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Heirat

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Heirat. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Heirat, feminine, from the equivalent Middle High German and Old High German hîrât, masculine and feminine, ‘marriage,’ literally ‘care of a house’; Gothic *heiws, ‘house,’ in heiwa-frauja, masculine, ‘master of the house.’ The earlier Modern High German form Heurat is due to Middle High German *hîa-rât for hîw-. Anglo-Saxon hîrêd, hîrĕd, ‘family,’ Middle English hîred, and Anglo-Saxon hîwrœ̂den, Middle English hîreden in the same sense. The first component, Gothic heiwa-, is widely diffused in Old Teutonic Old Icelandic hjú, hjún, neuter plural, ‘man and wife, married couple, domestics,’ Old Icelandic hyske, neuter, ‘family,’ híbýle, hýbýle, neuter, ‘place of residence.’ Anglo-Saxon hîwan, plural, ‘servants,’ English hind (English hive, which is often connected with the cognates in question, is not allied, since it is due to Anglo-Saxon hŷf, ‘beehive’). Scandinavian hyske, neuter, corresponds to the West Teutonic terms, Old High German hîwiski, neuter, ‘family, housekeeping, domestics,’ also Old High German hîun, plural, ‘man and wife, servants,’ hîwo, ‘husband,’ hîwa, ‘wife.’ Gothic heiwa-, ‘house, housekeeping,’ has consequently numerous cognates within the Teutonic group. Its relation to the non-Teutonic words is dubious; Latin civis, ‘citizen,’ Lithuanian szeima, szeimýna, ‘domestics,’ Old Slovenian sěmĭja, sěmija, ‘domestics,’ are usually connected with it. Others refer it to the root appearing in Heim. See Rat.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Held

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Held. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Held, masculine, from the equivalent Middle High German helt (genitive hęldes), masculine, late Old High German hęlid, ‘hero’; corresponding to Old Saxon hęlith, Anglo-Saxon hœlep- (nominative singular, hœle), ‘man, hero,’ Old Icelandic hǫlðr, hǫldr (from *haluþr), and halr, ‘man,’ Teutonic halē̆þ-, from kalē̆t-, kalét-, may most probably be connected with Irish calath, Breton calet, ‘hard.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Hellebarte

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Hellebarte. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Hellebarte, feminine, from the equivalent Middle High German helmbarte, feminine, ‘halberd’; for the second part of the compound see Barte (1). The first component has been ascribed to two sources — to the very rare Middle High German helm, halm, ‘helve, handle,’ which would probably suit, as far as the sense is concerned, helmbarte, ‘an axe fitted with a handle’?. But since helmbarte, in such a derivation, should have halm- as the component, the phonetic relation of the words is in favour of the derivation from hëlm, masculine, hence hëlmbarte, ‘an axe for cleaving the helmet.’ From German the Romance words (French hallebarde) are derived.
# Anderson v. Miller

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
129 U.S. 70
Anderson v. Miller
Charles S. Whitman, for appellant.
John S. Wise, for appellees.
LAMAR, J.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Anderson v. Mt. Clemens Pottery Company

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Wikidata item.
Anderson v. Mt. Clemens Pottery Co., 328 U.S. 680 (1946), is a decision by the United States Supreme Court which held that preliminary work activities, where controlled by the employer and performed entirely for the employer's benefit, are properly included as working time under Fair Labor Standards Act. The decision is known as the "portal to portal case."

## Dissenting Opinion

    Burton
United States Supreme Court
328 U.S. 680
ANDERSON et al. v. MT. CLEMENS POTTERY CO.
Argued: Jan. 29, 1946. --- Decided: June 10, 1946
See 67 S.Ct. 25.
[Syllabus from pages 680-682 intentionally omitted]
Mr. Edward Lamb, of Toledo, Ohio, for petitioners.
Messrs. Frank E. Cooper, of Detroit, Mich., and Bert V. Nunneley, of Mount Clemens, Mich., for respondent.
Mr. Justice MURPHY delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Anderson v. Nelson

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
390 U.S. 523
Anderson v. Nelson, Warden
On Petition for Writ of Certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
No. 652, Misc. Argued: N/A --- Decided: April 1, 1968
Comment on petitioner's failure to testify cannot be labeled harmless error where such comment is extensive, where an inference of guilt from silence is stressed to the jury as a basis for conviction, and where there is evidence that could have supported acquittal.
Certiorari granted; 379 F. 2d 330, reversed.
Charles A. Legge for petitioner.
Thomas C. Lynch, Attorney General of California, for respondent.
PER CURIAM:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Pfirsich

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Pfirsich | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Pfirsich, m. and f. (s after r as in Mörser and Hirse; yet Suab. pfêršiχ), from the equiv. MidHG. pfërsich, m., ‘peach’ (comp. Ital. pesca, Fr. pêche, whence E. peach). Although the word is not recorded until the 12th cent., Lat. persicum was naturalised in Germany even prior to the OHG. period (so too in England; comp. AS. persoc), as the permutation of the initial p to pf indicates (comp. Lärche and Pflaume), while Birne was adopted within the latter era. With regard to the gender see Pflaume. With the introduction of horticulture and fruit-growing from the South, numerous names of fruit passed into G.; see Kirsche, Pflaume, and pfropfen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Pflicht

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Pflicht | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Pflicht, f., ‘obligation, duty, allegiance,’ from MidHG. and OHG. pfliht, f., ‘friendly care, nursing, intercourse, sympathy, service, obligation’; a verbal abstract from pflegen; allied to AS. pliht, ‘danger,’ E. plight, as well as AS. pleón, ‘to risk,’ and pleóh, ‘danger’.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Pforte

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Pforte | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Pforte, f., ‘door, gate, portal,’ from the equiv. MidHG. pforte, OHG. (Franc.) pforta, f.; borrowed in the OHG. period, ​in the 8th cent., from Lat. porta; hence the absence of the permutation of t to z, which had been accomplished even in the 7th cent. (it is seen in OHG. pforzih, MidHG. pforzich, from Lat. porticus, which was introduced in the 5th or 6th cent. with the Southern art of building in stone; comp. AS. portič, E. porch). In MidG. and Lower Rhen., in which the permutation of t to z did not take place until later, we find in the MidHG. period the permutated form porze. ModHG. Porte, MidHG. porte, OHG. (UpG.) porta, is due to a more recent introduction into UpG.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Pfinztag

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Pfinztag | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Pfinztag, m., ‘Thursday,’ from MidHG. pfinztac; a word peculiar to Bav.-Austr., based on Goth. *pinta, equiv. to Gr. πέμπτη (Mod. Gr. πέφτη), ‘Thursday.’ It seems to have been introduced by Arians with Pfingsten and Samstag (see also Kirche and Pfaffe); comp. OSlov. pętŭkŭ, ‘Friday.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Pflanze

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Pflanze | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Pflanze, f., ‘plant, vegetable,’ from MidHG. pflanze, pflanza, f.; from the equiv. Lat. and Rom. planta (Fr. plante, Ital. pianta), whence AS., E., and Du. plant (so too Ir. cland, W. plant). This term was borrowed at the same period as the words mentioned under Pfirsich.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Pflugschar

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Pflugschar | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Pflugschar, f., ‘ploughshare,’ late MidHG. pfluocschar, MidE. ploughschare, E. ploughshare; allied like MidHG. schar, m. and n., OHG. scaro, ‘ploughshare,’ to scheren.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Pflaster

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Pflaster | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Pflaster, n., ‘plaster, pavement,’ from MidHG. pflaster, OHG. pflastar, n., ‘plaster, court-plaster, cement, mortar, floor of cement or stones’; borrowed, perhaps contemporaneously with Büchse, in the 8th cent., from Gr.-Lat. ἔμπλαστρον (comp. Ital. empiastro, Fr. emplâtre), ‘plaster,’ which in MidLat. also assumed the meaning ‘gypsum’ (comp. ModFr. plâtre), and was shortened to plastrum; comp. Ital. piastrello, ‘small plaster.’ In the sense of ‘pavement’ MidHG. pflaster was first used at the end of the MidHG. period. Comp. E. plaster and to emplaster.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Pflaume

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Pflaume | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Pflaume, f., from the equiv. MidHG. pflûme, f., ‘plum’; borrowed, as the ​permutated initial pf from p indicates, previous to the OHG. period (see Pfirsich) from Lat. prûnum, ‘plum,’ or rather its plur. prûna. The change of gender in names of fruit was made even in the Rom. group, as is shown by the words corresponding to Lat. cerasum, pomum, morum, and pirum; see Birne and Kirsche. Hence the late OHG. pfrûma, f., ‘plum,’ in closer connection with the Lat. form, and also pflûmo, ‘plum-tree.’ The s of the Lat. word is changed into l, as in Lat. morus, equiv. to Maulbeerbaum (comp. also Pilgrim, from Lat. peregrînus, which has, besides, m for Lat. n). Numerous MidHG. and ModHG. dial. forms, as well as the corresponding Du. pruim, likewise contain r; comp., on the other hand, AS. plûme, E. plum. The Rom. derivatives of Lat. prûnum are Fr. prune, Ital. prugna, Span. pruna (in MidLat. too forms with l and m occur instead of r and n; m, moreover, appears in South-East Fr. dials.). As to the time when the word was borrowed, see Pfirsich.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Pflock

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Pflock | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Pflock, m., from the equiv. late MidHG. pfloc (gen. -ckes), m., and pflocke, m., ‘plug, peg’; corresponding to Du. plug, vb. and subst., equiv. to the E. vb. and subst. plug. The word seems to be unknown to UpG.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Pflug

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Pflug | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Pflug, m., from the equiv. MidHG. pfluoc (gen. -ges), m., OHG. pfluog, pfluoh, m., ‘plough’; corresponding to the equiv. Du. ploeg, AS. plôh, E. plough, OIc. plógr. These cognates, which were diffused in Teut. at an early period, as may be inferred from the agreement of the dialects, curiously correspond to the Slav. class, Serv. and Russ. plugŭ (Lith. pliugas), though the normal permutation does not take place in Teut. The Slav. word is probably borrowed from the Teut. original, which was perhaps acquired during the migratory period; comp. Pfad. Teut. plôgo also appears in Rhæto-Rom. and in Upper Ital.; Tyrol. plof, Lombard. piò. OTeut. likewise contained many terms for ‘plough’ which afterwards became obsolete; AS. sulh (primit. allied to Lat. sulcus), Goth. hôha, OIc. arl, OSax. ęrida. —
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume IV/Commodianus/The Instructions of Commodianus/Chapter 21

XX.—The Titans.
Ye say that the Titans are to you Tutans. Ye ask that these fierce ones should be silent under your roof, as so many Lares, shrines, images made like to a Titan. For ye foolishly adore those who have died by an evil death, not reading their own law. They themselves speak not, and ye dare to call them gods who are melted out of a brazen vessel; ye should rather melt them into little vessels for yourselves.
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume IV/Commodianus/The Instructions of Commodianus/Chapter 16

XV.—Hercules.
Hercules, because he destroyed the monster of the Aventine Mount, who had been wont to steal the herds of Evander, is a god: the rustic mind of men, untaught also, when they wished to return thanks instead of praise to the absent thunderer, senselessly vowed victims as to a god to be besought, they made milky altars as a memorial to themselves. Thence it arises that he is worshipped in the ancient manner. But he is no god, although he was strong in arms.
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume IV/Commodianus/The Instructions of Commodianus/Chapter 17

XVI.—Of the Gods and Goddesses.
Ye say that they are gods who are plainly cruel, and ye say that genesis assigns the fates to you. Now, then, say to whom first of all sacred rites are paid. Between the ways on either side immature death is straying. If the fates give the generations, why do you pray to the god? Thou art vainly deceived who art seeking to beseech the manes, and thou namest them to be lords over thee who are fabricated. Or, moreover, I know not what women you pray to as goddesses—Bellona and Nemesis the goddesses, together with the celestial Fury, the Virgins and Venus, for whom your wives are weak in the loins. Besides, there are in the lanes other demons which are not as yet numbered, and are worn on the neck, so that they themselves cannot give to themselves an account.  Plagues ought rather to be exported to the ends of the earth.
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume IV/Commodianus/The Instructions of Commodianus/Chapter 18

XVII.—Of Their Images.
A few wicked and empty poets delude you; while they seek with difficulty to procure their living, they adorn falsehood to be for others under the guise of mystery. Thence feigning to be smitten by some deity, they sing of his majesty, and weary themselves under his form. Ye have often seen the Dindymarii, with what a din they enter upon luxuries while they seek to feign the furies, or when they strike their backs with the filthy axe, although with their teaching they keep what they heal by their blood. Behold in what name they do not compel those who first of all unite themselves to them with a sound mind. But that they may take away a gift, they seek such minds. Thence see how all things are feigned. They cast a shadow over a simple people, lest they should believe, while they perish, the thing once for all proceeded in vanity from antiquity, that a prophet who uttered false things might be believed; but their majesty has spoken nought.
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume IV/Commodianus/The Instructions of Commodianus/Chapter 19

XVIII.—Of Ammydates and the Great God.
We have already said many things of an abominable superstition, and yet we follow up the subject, lest we should be said to have passed anything over. And the worshippers worshipped their Ammydates after their manner. He was great to them when there was gold in the temple. They placed their heads under his power, as if he were present. It came to the highest point that Cæsar took away the gold. The deity failed, or fled, or passed away into fire. The author of this wickedness is manifest who formed this same god, and falsely prophesying seduces so many and so great men, and only was silent about Him who was accustomed to be divine. For voices broke forth, as if with a changed mind, as if the wooden god were speaking into his ear. Say now yourselves if they are not false deities? From that prodigy how many has that prophet destroyed? He forgot to prophesy who before was accustomed to prophesy; so those prodigies are feigned among those who are greedy of wine, whose damnable audacity feigns deities, for they were carried about, and such an image was dried up. For both he himself is silent, and no one prophesies concerning him at all.  But ye wish to ruin yourselves.
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume IV/Commodianus/The Instructions of Commodianus/Chapter 24

XXIII.—Of Those Who are Everywhere Ready.
While thou obeyest the belly, thou sayest that thou art innocent; and, as if courteously, makest thyself everywhere ready. Woe to thee, foolish man! thou thyself lookest around upon death. Thou seekest in a barbarous fashion to live without law. Thou thyself hymnest thyself also to play upon a word, who feignest thyself simple. I live in simplicity with such a one. Thou believest that thou livest, whilst thou desirest to fill thy belly. To sit down disgracefully of no account in thy house, ready for feasting, and to run away from precepts. Or because thou believest not that God will judge the dead, thou foolishly makest thyself ruler of heaven instead of Him. Thou regardest thy belly as if thou canst provide for it. Thou seemest at one time to be profane, at another to be holy. Thou appearest as a suppliant of God, under the aspect of a tyrant. Thou shalt feel in thy fates by whose law thou art aided.
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume IV/Commodianus/The Instructions of Commodianus/Chapter 20

XIX.—Of the Vain Nemesiaci.
Is it not ignominy, that a prudent man should be seduced and worship such a one, or say that a log is Diana? You trust a man who in the morning is drunk, costive, and ready to perish, who by art speaks falsely what is seen by him. While he lives strictly, he feeds on his own bowels. A detestable one defiles all the citizens; and he has attached to himself—a similar gathering being made—those with whom he feigns the history, that he may adorn a god. He is ignorant how to prophesy for himself; for others he dares it. He places it on his shoulder when he pleases, and again he places it down. Whirling round, he is turned by himself with the tree of the two-forked one, as if you would think that he was inspired with the deity of the wood. Ye do not worship the gods whom they themselves falsely announce; ye worship the priests themselves, fearing them vainly. But if thou art strong in heart, flee at once from the shrines of death.
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume IV/Commodianus/The Instructions of Commodianus/Chapter 22

XXI.—The Montesiani.
Ye call the mountains also gods. Let them rule in gold, darkened by evil, and aiding with an averted mind. For if a pure spirit and a serene mind remained to you, thou thyself ought to examine for thyself concerning them. Thou art become senseless as a man, if thou thinkest that these can save thee, whether they rule or whether they cease. If thou seekest anything healthy, seek rather the righteousness of the law, that brings the help of salvation, and says that you are becoming eternal. For what you shall follow in vanity rejoices you for a time. Thou art glad for a brief space, and afterwards bewailest in the depths. Withdraw thyself from these, if thou wilt rise again with Christ.