OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Walsingham, Francis (1577-1647)

1904 Errata appended.
​WALSINGHAM, FRANCIS (1577–1647), jesuit, who assumed the name John Fennell, the son of Edward Walsingham of Exhall, near Alcester, Warwickshire, was born at Hawick, Northumberland, early in 1577. His father died before his birth, and his mother, who was a Roman catholic, brought him to London. His uncle, Humphrey Walsingham, who was kindred of Sir Francis, placed him at St. Paul's school. As the result of his instruction there he read the protestant divines Foxe, Jewell, Calvin, and Beza, and in 1603 was ordained deacon by Martin Heton, bishop of Ely. Doubts were raised as to the validity of his orders and of his belief by reading the ‘Manual’ of Robert Parsons (1546–1610) [q. v.], and in October 1606 Walsingham entered the English College at Rome. He was ordained priest on 12 April 1608, and early next year, having entered the Society of Jesus, he visited England, and there published his ‘Search made into Matters of Religion, by F. W., before his change to the Catholike’ (s. l. 1609, 4to; 2nd edit. St. Omer, 1615). The work was dedicated to James I, to whom the author states he had formerly submitted his religious difficulties. Down to the time of Alban Butler it has been frequently commended to those showing an inclination to Roman catholicism, and has been often reprinted and abridged. In the controversial parts, and especially in the attack upon the ‘falsities’ of Matthew Sutcliffe [q. v.], it is ​probable that the author was aided by Father Parsons. In 1618 Walsingham published his ‘Reasons for embracing the Catholic Faith’ (London, 16mo). Two years previously he had been formally attached to the ‘English mission,’ and served in Leicestershire. In 1633 he removed to the college of the Immaculate Conception, Derbyshire, and there he died on 1 July 1647. He left in manuscript at the convent at Newhall, Essex, a little prayer manual, ‘The Evangelique Pearle,’ dedicated to the abbess of the English nunnery at Pontoise.
T. S.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.274 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 241 | ii | 9-13 | Walsingham, Francis (1577-1647): for He left in manuscript . . . . nunnery at Pontoise read A manuscript manual of prayer, 'The Evangelique Pearle' (now preserved at the convent at Newhall, Essex), which was written for the use of the English nunnery (the Benedictine Dames) of Pontoise, has been erroneously assigned to Francis Walsingham, whose death preceded by eleven years the conventual settlement at Pontoise; the manuscript is from the pen of Edward Walsingham [q. v.]. |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Petit, Thomas

Thomas Petyt in the ODNB.
​PETIT or PETYT or PETYTE, THOMAS (fl. 1536–1554), printer, was supposed by Ames ‘to be related to the famous John Petit,’ the Paris printer (Typogr. Antiq. i. 553). His house was at the sign of the Maiden's Head in St. Paul's Churchyard, London, where he produced in 1536 an edition of the ‘Rudder of the Sea.’ He also printed Taverner's New Testament (1539), the ‘Sarum Primer’ (1541, 1542, 1543, 1544, 1545), Chaucer's ‘Workes’ (n. d.), and ‘Sarum Horæ’ (1541, 1554).
On 6 April 1543 he, ‘Whitchurch, Beddle, Grafton, Middleton, Maylour, Lant and Keyle, printers, for printing of suche bokes as wer thowght to be unlawfull, contrary to the proclamation made on that behalff, wer committed unto prison’ (Acts of the Privy Council, 1890, new ser. i. 107). All except Petit were subsequently released from the Fleet, on declaring ‘what nomber off bookes and ballettes they have bowght wythin thiese ​lij yeres,’ and what merchants had introduced ‘Englisshe bokes of ill matter’ (ib. pp. 117, 125). Between 1536 and 1554 about thirty-nine books bear his name as printer or publisher, among them being several law-books.
H. R. T.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Pether, Sebastian

​PETHER, SEBASTIAN (1790–1844), landscape-painter, eldest son of Abraham Pether [q. v.], was born in 1790. He was a pupil of his father, and, like him, painted chiefly moonlight views and nocturnal conflagrations. His works of this class are singularly truthful and harmonious in colour, and should have brought him success; but early in life the necessity of providing for a large family drove him into the hands of the dealers, who purchased his pictures for trifling sums for copying purposes, to which they readily lent themselves, and consequently they were rarely seen at exhibitions. In 1814 Pether sent to the Royal Academy ‘View from Chelsea Bridge of the Destruction of Drury Lane Theatre,’ and in 1826 ‘A Caravan overtaken by a Whirlwind.’ The latter was a commission from Sir J. Fleming Leicester; but as the subject was not suited to the painter's talent, this solitary piece of patronage was of no real benefit to him. His life was one long struggle with adversity, which reached its climax when, in 1842, three pictures which, with the help of a friendly frame-maker, he sent to the Royal Academy were rejected. Pether resembled his father in his taste for mechanical pursuits, and is said to have suggested the idea of the stomach-pump to Mr. Jukes the surgeon. He died at Battersea on 14 March 1844, when a subscription was raised for his ​family. Pictures attributed to Sebastian Pether frequently appear at sales, but they are usually dealers' copies. His genuine works are rare.
F. M. O'D.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Pether, William

​PETHER, WILLIAM (1738?–1821), mezzotint-engraver, was born at Carlisle about 1738, and became a pupil of Thomas Frye [q. v.], with whom he entered into partnership in 1761. In 1762 he engraved Frye's portrait of George III in three sizes, and during the following fifteen years executed a number of engravings after various English, Dutch, and Italian masters, especially Rembrandt and Joseph Wright of Derby, whose strong effects of light and shade he rendered with remarkable taste and intelligence. His plates of ‘The Jewish Bride,’ 1763, ‘Jewish Rabbi,’ 1764, ‘Officer of State,’ 1764, and ‘Lord of the Vineyard,’ 1766, after Rembrandt, and ‘A Lecture on the Orrery,’ 1768, ‘Drawing from the Gladiator,’ 1769, ‘The Hermit,’ 1770, and ‘The Alchymist,’ 1775, after Wright, are masterpieces of mezzotint work. Pether engraved altogether about fifty plates, some of which were published by Boydell, but the majority by himself at various addresses in London. He was also an excellent miniaturist, and painted some good life-sized portraits in oil, three of which—Mrs. Bates the singer, the brothers Smith of Chichester, and himself in a Spanish dress—he also engraved. He was a fellow of the Incorporated Society of Artists, and contributed to its exhibitions paintings, miniatures, and engravings from 1764 to 1777. In the latter year he sent his own portrait, above mentioned, with the disguised title, ‘Don Mailliw Rehtep.’ He was also an occasional exhibitor with the Free Society and the Royal Academy. Pether's career was marred by his restless temperament, which rendered him incapable of pursuing continuously any one branch of art, and sometimes led him into employing his faculties on subjects quite foreign to his profession. He constantly changed his residence from London to the provinces and back again, and being averse to society, although an agreeable and accomplished man, gradually sank into obscurity and neglect. His latest plate published in London is dated 1793, and he exhibited at the Royal Academy for the last time in 1794. About ten years later he appears to have settled at Bristol, where he earned a livelihood as a drawing-master and picture-cleaner, and there he engraved the portraits of Edward Colston the philanthropist, after Richardson, and Samuel Syer, the historian of Bristol, the latter dated 1816. Pether died in Montague Street, Bristol, on 19 July 1821, aged 82 or 83, having been long forgotten in the world of art. He had many pupils, the most eminent of whom were Henry Edridge and Edward Dayes. The latter, in his ‘Sketches of Artists,’ speaks of him with great admiration, both as an artist and a man. An engraved portrait of Pether is mentioned by Bromley.
F. M. O'D.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Petheram, John

​PETHERAM, JOHN (d. 1858), antiquary and publisher, issued, under the general title of ‘Puritan Discipline Tracts,’ between 1843 and 1847, from 71 Chancery Lane, London, with introductions and notes, reprints of six rare tracts dealing with the Martin Mar-Prelate controversy of 1589–92. Their titles are: ‘An Epitome,’ ‘An Epistle,’ ‘Pappe with a Hatchet,’ ‘Hay any Worke for Cooper,’ ‘An Almond for a Parrat,’ and Bishop Cooper's ‘Admonition,’ 8vo. He also edited ‘A Brief Discourse of the Troubles begun at Frankfort, 1575,’ London, 1846, sm. 8vo, and a ‘Bibliographical Miscellany,’ 5 pts. (1859, in one vol.). He wrote a useful ‘Historical Sketch of the Progress and Present State of Anglo-Saxon Literature in England,’ London, 1840, 8vo, and ‘Reasons for establishing an Authors' Publication Society,’ 1843, a pamphlet in which he recommended great reductions in the prices of books and publication at net prices only. Petheram afterwards had a secondhand bookseller's shop in Holborn, where he died in December 1858.
H. R. T.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Petit, William

​PETIT, WILLIAM (d. 1213), justiciar of Ireland, was a follower of Hugh de Lacy, first lord of Meath (d. 1186) [q. v.], and probably went over to Ireland with him in 1171. He received from him Castlebrack in the present Queen's County, and Rathkenny, co. Meath. In 1191 he served as justiciar of Ireland. He again appears as co-justice with Peter Pipard in a charter granted between 1194 and 1200 to St. Mary's Abbey, Dublin. He was a witness to two charters to the same abbey, which can be dated 1205 and 1203–7, and to other charters of less precise date granted to St. Mary's and to St. Thomas's Abbey, Dublin. On 26 March 1204 he was appointed, with three others, to hear the complaint of Meiler FitzHenry [q. v.], justiciar of Ireland, against William de Burgh (Patent Rolls, p. 39). On 20 March 1208 he was sent by John with messages to the justiciar of Ireland (Close Rolls, i. 106 b). On 28 June 1210 Petit appeared at Dublin, with others, as a messenger from Walter de Lacy, second lord of Meath [q. v.], praying the king to relax his ire and suffer Walter to approach his presence (Calendar of Documents relating to Ireland, i. 402). In 1212 he and other Irish barons supported John against Innocent III (ib. p. 448). He died in 1213. He granted to St. Mary's Abbey, Dublin, certain lands at Machergalin, near the abbey of Kilsenecan. His son was taken by King John as a hostage for Richard de Faipo. His widow in February 1215 offered 100 marks for liberty to remarry as she pleased, and for the replacement of her son as hostage by the son of Richard de Faipo himself (Close Rolls, ii. 86).
W. E. R.
# Digger Smith

* I leaves him with the dyin' day,
* Dreamin' an' doubtin' still.. .
DIGGER SMITH
BY
C. J. DENNIS
Author of "The Songs of a Sentimental Bloke," "Doreen," "The Moods of Ginger Mick," "The Glugs of Gosh," "Backblock Ballads," etc.
Illustrated by Hal Gye
SYDNEY
ANGUS & ROBERTSON LTD.
89 CASTLEREAGH STREET
1918
Printed by W. C. Penfold & Co. Ltd., 183 Pitt Street, Sydney for Angus & Robertson Ltd.
London: The Oxford University Press.
Dramatic, Cinema and all other Rights are reserved.
TO THE A.I.F.
CONTENTS
Page :
| I. | BEFORE THE WAR "Before the war," she sighs. "Before the war" ... | 11 |
| II. | DUMMY BRIDGE "If I'd 'a' played me Jack on that there Ten" ... | 19 |
| III. | DAD I've knowed ole Flood this last five year or more ... | 27 |
| IV. | DIGGER SMITH 'E calls me Digger; that's 'ow 'e begins ... | 35 |
| V. | WEST "I've seen so much uv dirt an' grime ... | 43 |
| VI. | OVER THE FENCE 'Taint my idea uv argument to call a man a fool ... | 51 |
| VII. | A DIGGER'S TALE "'My oath!' the Duchess sez. 'You'd not ixpect ... | 57 ​ |
| VIII. | JIM'S GIRL " 'Oo is that girl" sez Digger Smith ... | 65 |
| IX. | THE BOYS OUT THERE "Why do they do it? I dunno" ... | 73 |
| X. | HALF A MAN "I wash me 'ands uv 'im," I tells 'em, straight ... | 81 |
| XI. | SAWIN' WOOD I wondered wot was doin'. First I seen ... | 87 |
| XII. | JIM "Now, be the Hokey Fly!" sez Peter Begg ... | 93 |
| XIII. | A SQUARE DEAL "Dreamin'?" I sez to Digger Smith . . . | 101 |
| | GLOSSARY | 109 |
# Diogenes of London (collection)

Edition: London: Methuen and Co., 1893.
DIOGENES OF LONDON
AND OTHER FANTASIES
AND SKETCHES: BY
H. B. MARRIOTT-WATSON
AUTHOR OF 'THE WEB OF THE SPIDER' 'LADY FAINT HEART,' ETC.
METHUN AND CO. 18 BURY STREET, W.C. LONDON 1893
TO WILLIAM ERNEST HENLEY
THESE PAGES FROM THE
'NATIONAL OBSERVER'
ARE INSCRIBED IN ALL ADMIRATION AND AFFECTION
TABLE OF CONTENTS
* Diogenes of London 1
* The Stroke of One 11
* The Devil of the Marsh 22
* The Maze 30
* The House of Dishonour 42
* The Art of Love 51
* The Thing in the Copse 59
* Phyllis 66
* The Brazen Cross 76
* The Sword of the Kadi 86
* Don Quixote 94
* The Advice of Achates 104
* Dick a-Dying 115
* The Naiad 126
* My Lady 138
* The Merry Company 143
* Oyez! Oyez! 148
* The Dead Immortals 153
* To Any Greybeard 159
* The Lotos Shore 164
* The Philosophy of the Caress 169
* A Colloquy on the Hearth 174
* Her Picture 180
* This Body Of Death 186
* A Plea for Inconstancy 191
* The Shadow on the Year 196
* Neaera's Hair 201
* 'The Voice of Strange Command' 206
* Concerning a Grimace 211
* Over the Fire 217
* 'The Rose of the Morning' 222
* The Facility of Life 227
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Webb, Daniel

​WEBB, DANIEL (1719?–1798), author, born at Maidstown, co. Limerick, in 1718 or 1719, was the eldest son of Daniel Webb of Maidstown Castle, by his wife Dorothea, daughter and heiress of M. Leake of Castle Leake, co. Tipperary. He matriculated from New College, Oxford, on 13 June 1735. In later life he resided chiefly in Bath. He wrote several theoretical works on art, which had considerable vogue for a time. He died, without issue, on 2 Aug. 1798. He was twice married: first, to Jane Lloyd; and, secondly, to Elizabeth Creed. He was the author of: 1. ‘An Inquiry into the Beauties of Painting,’ London, 1760, 8vo; 4th edit. 1777; Italian translation by Maria Quarin Stampalia, Venice, 1791, 8vo. 2. ‘Remarks on the Beauties of Poetry,’ London, 1762, 8vo; new edit. Dublin, 1764, 12mo. 3. ‘Observations on the Correspondence between Poetry and Music,’ London, 1769, 8vo; German translation by J. J. Eochenburg, Leipzig, 1771, 8vo. 4. ‘Literary Amusements in Verse and Prose,’ London, 1787, 8vo. 5. ‘Some Reasons for thinking the Greek Language was borrowed from the Chinese: in Notes on the “Grammatica Sinica” of Mons. Fourmont,’ London, 1787, 8vo. These five works were republished in one volume in 1802 by Thomas Winstanley [q. v.] under the title of ‘Miscellanies,’ London, 4to. Webb also edited ‘Selections from “Les Recherches Philosophiques sur les Américains” of Mr. Pauw,’ Bath, 1789, 8vo; new edit. with additions, Rochdale, 1806, 8vo.
E. I. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Weaver, Thomas (1773-1855)

​WEAVER, THOMAS (1773–1855), geologist, born in 1773, studied geology and mineralogy from 1790 to 1794 under Abraham Werner at Freiberg. Soon after his return to England he was entrusted by government with the investigation of the gold deposits in Wicklow, in reference to which he published in 1819 his ‘Memoir on the Geological Relations of the East of Ireland’ (London, 4to). In the early days of the Geological Society he became one of its active members, and published in the second series of its ‘Transactions’ (vols. i. and iv.) memoirs on the geology of Gloucestershire and Somerset and the south of Ireland. In the ‘Philosophical Transactions’ of the Royal Society for 1825 he asserted the relatively modern age of the fossil remains of the great Irish deer (Cervus megaceros), and in the following year he was elected a fellow of the society. He subsequently travelled as a mining geologist in Mexico and the United States, and in 1831 began a series of papers on the carboniferous rocks of America. Weaver had retired from his profession for some years before his death, which took place at his home in Pimlico, 2 July 1855.
In the Royal Society's catalogue (vi. 285–6) he is credited with twenty papers, bearing dates between 1820 and 1841, all of which are geological, and eight refer to Ireland. They were contributed chiefly to Thomson's ‘Annals of Philosophy,’ the ‘Philosophical Magazine,’ the ‘Annals of Natural History,’ and the ‘Transactions and Proceedings of the Geological Society.’
G. S. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Weatherhead, George Hume

​WEATHERHEAD, GEORGE HUME (1790?–1853), medical writer, born in Berwickshire in 1789 or 1790, graduated M.D. at Edinburgh University on 1 Aug. 1816. He was admitted a licentiate of the College of Physicians on 27 March 1820, and died at The Cottage, Foot's Cray Park, near Bromley in Kent, on 22 June 1853.
Weatherhead was the author of: 1. ‘An Essay on the Diagnosis between Erysipelas, Phlegmon, and Erythema, with an Appendix on the Nature of Puerperal Fever,’ London, 1819, 8vo. 2. ‘A Treatise on Infantile and Adult Rickets,’ London, 1820, 12mo. 3. ‘An Analysis of the Leamington Spa in Warwickshire,’ 1820, 8vo. 4. ‘An Account of the Beulah Saline Spa at Norwood,’ London, 1832, 8vo; 3rd edit. 1833. 5. ‘A New Synopsis of Nosology,’ London, 1834, 12mo. 6. ‘A Pedestrian Tour through France and Italy,’ London, 1834, 8vo. 7. ‘A Treatise on Headaches,’ London, 1835, 12mo. 8. ‘A Practical Treatise on the Principal Diseases of the Lungs,’ London, 1837, 8vo. 9. ‘The History of the Early and Present State of the Venereal Disease examined, wherein is shown that Mercury never was necessary for its Cure,’ London, 1841, 8vo. 10. ‘On the Hydropathic Cure of Gout,’ London, 1842, 8vo; 2nd edit. 1843. He also translated from the French of Gabriel Laisné a treatise ‘On the Spontaneous Erosions and Perforations of the Stomach in contradistinction to those produced by Poisons,’ London, 1821, 12mo.
E. I. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Weaver, Robert

​WEAVER, ROBERT (1773–1852), congregational divine and antiquary, born at Trowbridge in Wiltshire on 23 Jan. 1773, was the son of Richard Weaver, clothier, by his wife Mary. He was intended to follow his father's trade, but, preferring to study for the congregational ministry, he entered Rotherham College early in 1794, residing with the president Edward Williams (1750–1813) [q. v.] On 15 Feb. 1802 he became pastor at Mansfield in Nottinghamshire, a charge which he retained till his death. When he went to Mansfield affairs were in confusion and the congregation had been broken up. He reconstituted it in 1805, and twice enlarged the place of worship, in 1812 and in 1829.
Weaver was an ardent student of the Greek Testament, in which he was accustomed to give instruction to resident pupils. He also took an interest in antiquities, and in 1840 published ‘Monumenta Antiqua, or the Stone Monuments of Antiquity yet remaining in the British Isles’ (London, 12mo), in which he ascribed the remains of pre-Roman times to Phœnician influence and supported his theory by the particulars of similar Canaanitish and Jewish monuments given in the Bible. Weaver died at Mansfield on 12 Oct. 1852, and was buried in the ground attached to the independent chapel.
Besides the work mentioned, he was the author of: 1. ‘The Scriptures Fulfilled,’ seven lectures, London, 1829, 8vo. 2. ‘Heaven: A Manual for the Heirs of Heaven,’ London, 1837, 12mo. 3. ‘Education based on Scriptural Principles, the True Source of Individual and Social Happiness,’ London, 1838, 8vo. 4. ‘The Pagan Altar and Jehovah's Temple,’ London, 1840, 12mo. 5. ‘The Reconciler: an Attempt to exhibit … the Harmony and Glory of the Divine Government,’ London, 1841, 8vo. 6. ‘A Complete View of Puseyism,’ London, 1843, 12mo. 7. ‘Dissent: its Character,’ London, 1844, 8vo. 8. ‘Rationalism,’ London, 1850, 12mo. 9. ‘Popery, calmly, closely, and comprehensively considered,’ London, 1851, 8vo.
E. I. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Savona, Laurence William of

Lorenzo Guglielmo Traversagni in the ODNB.
​SAVONA, LAURENCE WILLIAM of (fl. 1485), a Franciscan of London, graduated D.D. at Cambridge, where in 1478 he wrote his ‘Margarita Eloquentiæ,’ in three books. This was printed at St. Albans, 4to, ​1480, under the patronage of Edward IV, and reprinted at Cambridge by John Siberch 1521. The title-page of this latter edition is reproduced by Ames as ‘a specimen of the first printing at Oxford and Cambridge.’ In 1485 he wrote ‘Triumphus Amoris Domini Jesu Christi’ (extant in Lambeth MS. 450), to which he prefixed a dedicatory letter to Waynflete.
M. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Sawrey, Solomon

​SAWREY, SOLOMON (1765–1825), surgeon, born in 1765, received his professional education from Andrew Marshal, M.D. (1742–1813), who taught anatomy privately in Bartlett's Court, Thavies' Inn, from 1785 to 1800. Sawrey attended Marshal's lectures in 1794, and attracted the attention of his master by a dissection of the nerves of the eye. He was admitted a member of the Corporation of Surgeons on 7 July 1796, and he acted for some years as demonstrator to Marshal. He lived first in Bucklersbury and afterwards in Chancery Lane. He practised his profession in both places, and in later life turned his attention more particularly to ophthalmic surgery. He died in 1825.
He wrote:
* ‘A popular View of the Effects of the Venereal Disease upon the Constitution,’ London, 8vo, 1794.
* ‘An Inquiry into some of the Effects of the Venereal Poison upon the Human Body,’ London, 8vo, 1802: the work is worthless, for the advance of knowledge has shown that its conclusions are based upon incorrect premisses.
* ‘An Account of a newly discovered Membrane in the Human Eye, to which are added some Objections to the Common Operation for Fistula Lacrymalis, and the Suggestion of a New Method of treating that Disease,’ London, 4to, 1807.
The newly discovered membrane is now known as Descemet's (1732–1810) or the elder Demour's (1702–1795) membrane. The new method of treating fistula consisted in passing a probe through the nasal duct from below upwards, instead of from above downwards, as is usual. It never came into general use. He edited Marshal's ‘Morbid Anatomy of the Brain in Mania and Hydrophobia,’ with a memoir, London, 8vo, 1815.
[Statements in his Life of Dr. Marshal; information kindly contributed by the secretary of the Royal College of Surgeons of England.]
D’A. P.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Sawtrey, James

This was a pseudonym of George Joye (his ODNB article).
​SAWTREY or SAWTRE, JAMES (fl. 1541), protestant writer, published at Zürich in 1541 'The Defence of the Marriage of Preistes agenst Steven Gardiner, Bishop of Wynchester, William Repse [i.e. William Rugg or Reppes, [q. v.], Bishop of Norwiche, and agenst all the Bisshops and Preistes of that false popish secte, with a confutacion of their unadvysed Vowes unadvysedly diffined whereby they have so wykedly separated them whom God coupled in lawfull Marriage. Made by James Sawtry, printed at Zuryk by Jan. Froost,' 1541, 8vo (Brit. Mus.) He was apparently in prison in 1554 (State Papers, Dom. Mary, viii. 68).
[Hazlitt's Collections, ii. 535; Tanner's Bibl. Brit.]
W. A. S.