OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Thackeray, George

​THACKERAY, GEORGE (1777–1850), provost of King's College, Cambridge, born at Windsor, and baptised at the parish church on 23 Nov. 1777, was the fourth and youngest son of Frederick Thackeray (1737-1782), a physician of Windsor, by his wife Elizabeth, daughter of Abel Aldridge of Uxbridge (d. 1816). Frederick Rennell Thackeray [q. v.] was his younger brother. George became a king's scholar at Eton in 1792, and a scholar of King's College, Cambridge, in 1796. In 1800 he was elected a fellow of King's College, and in the following year was appointed assistant master at Eton. He graduated B.A. in 1802, M.A. in 1805, and B.D. in 1813. On 4 April 1814 he was elected provost of King's College, and in the same year obtained the degree of D.D. by royal mandate.
The death of his second wife in 1818 cast a gloom over Thackeray's subsequent life. He devoted much of his time to collecting rare books, and 'there was not a vendor of literary curiosities in London who had not some reason for knowing the provost of King's.' He directed the finances of the college with great ability. He held the appointment of chaplain in ordinary to George III and to the three succeeding sovereigns.
Thackeray died in Wimpole Street on 21 Oct. 1850, and was buried in a vault in the ante-chapel of King's College. He was twice married: on 9 Nov. 1803 to Miss Carbonell, and in 1816 to Mary Ann, eldest daughter of Alexander Cottin of Cheverells in Hertfordshire. She died on 18 Feb. 1818, leaving a daughter, Mary Ann Elizabeth.
E. I. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Tesdale, Thomas

​TESDALE, TEASDALE, or TISDALE, THOMAS (1547–1610), ‘co-founder of Pembroke College, Oxford,’ son of Thomas Tesdale (d. 1556), by his second wife, Joan (Knapp), was born at Stanford Dingley, Berkshire, and baptised on 13 Oct. 1547. He was brought up by his uncle, Richard Tesdale, a sadler of Abingdon, and was in 1563 the first scholar of John Royse's free school in that town. He made a large fortune as a maltster, became master of Abingdon Hospital in 1579, and was elected mayor, but declined to serve, in 1581, about which time he removed his residence to Glympton, near Woodstock, Oxfordshire. He died there on 13 June 1610, aged 63, and was buried in Glympton church, under a fine alabaster tomb (repaired in 1871), where was also laid his wife Maud (d. 1616). By his will, dated 31 May 1610 (in addition to other benefactions to Abingdon), he left 5,000l. to maintain seven fellows and six scholars from Abingdon free school at Balliol College, Oxford. The Society of Balliol, already hampered by their obligations to Tiverton school, seem to have tried hard to obtain a relaxation of the conditions attached to the bequest, but the negotiations were not completed in 1623 when Richard Wightwick, B.D., formerly of Balliol, offered to augment Tesdale's foundation. ‘It then fell under consideration,’ says Fuller, ‘that it was a pity so great a bounty (substantial enough to stand by itself) should be adjected to a former foundation.’
The feoffees under Tesdale's will, headed by Archbishop George Abbot [q. v.], acquiesced in the project of a new college; the king was approached through the chancellor, William Herbert, third earl of Pembroke [q. v.], and, James consenting, the existing foundation of Broadgates Hall ‘was erected by the name of Pembroke College’ (29 June 1624).
A portrait of Tesdale, dating from the middle of the seventeenth century, is preserved in Pembroke Hall, and was engraved for Wood's ‘Historia’ (1674).
T. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Thackeray, Francis

​THACKERAY, FRANCIS (1793–1842), author, born in 1793, was the sixth son of William Makepeace Thackeray (1749–1813), of the Bengal civil service, by his wife, Amelia (d. 1810), third daughter of Lieutenant-colonel Richmond Webb. Francis, who was uncle of the novelist, graduated B.A. from Pembroke College, Cambridge, in 1814 and M.A. in 1817. He became curate of Broxbourne in Hertfordshire. He died at Broxbourne on 18 Feb. 1842, leaving by his wife, Mary Ann Shakespear (d. 1851), two sons—Francis St. John and Colonel Edward Talbot Thackeray, V.C.—and one daughter, Mary.
Thackeray, who was famous in the family for his invention and narration of fairy tales, was the author of: 1. ‘A Defence of the Clergy of the Church of England,’ London, 1822, 8vo; supplemented in the following year by a shorter treatise, entitled ‘Some Observations upon a Pamphlet and upon an Attack in the “Edinburgh Review.”’ 2. ‘A History of William Pitt, Earl of Chatham,’ London, 1827, 8vo. Macaulay, in reviewing the work in the ‘Edinburgh Review’ for 1834, justly censured Thackeray for his extravagant laudation of his hero. The life, however, was painstaking, and contained a good deal of fresh information from the state paper office. 3. ‘Order against Anarchy,’ London, 1831, 8vo: a reply to Paine's ‘Rights of Man.’ 4. ‘Researches into the Ecclesiastical and Political State of Ancient Britain under the Roman Emperors,’ London, 1843, 8vo.
E. I. C.
# Whitney v. Florida

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.

## Dissenting Opinion

    Douglas
United States Supreme Court
389 U.S. 138
Whitney v. Florida
Richard A. Kanner, Miami, Fla., for petitioner.
James T. Carlisle, Vero Beach, Fla., for respondent.
On Writ of Certiorari to the District Court of Appeal of Florida, Third District.
PER CURIAM.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Whitney v. Hay

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
181 U.S. 77
Whitney v. Hay
Argued: November 15, 16, 1900. --- Decided: April 8, 1901
This suit was brought to obtain a decree declaring that the defendant Whitney held in trust for the plaintiff Hay the title to certain lots, with the building thereon, situate on Corcoran street in the city of Washington.
By a final decree in the supreme court of the District the relief asked was given, that court adjudging that the defendant Whitney, within a time named, make, execute, and acknowledge a deed of conveyance of the premises to the plaintiff Hay, and that in default thereof the decree should have the same effect as if such conveyance had been made.
Upon appeal to the court of appeals of the District the decree of the supreme court was affirmed, an elaborate opinion on behalf of the appellate court being delivered by Mr. Justice Shepard. 15 App. D. C. 164, 173.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Whitney v. Dresser

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
200 U.S. 532
Whitney v. Dresser
Argued: January 26, 1906. --- Decided: February 19, 1906
Mr. George H. Gilman for appellant.
Messrs. Adrian H. Joline, Adrian H. Larkin, and George E. Hargrave, for appellee.
Mr. Justice Holmes delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Whitney v. Florida/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Per Curiam Opinion of the Court
* Dissenting Opinion Douglas
United States Supreme Court
389 U.S. 138
Whitney v. Florida
The writ is dismissed as improvidently granted without prejudice to an application for a writ of habeas corpus in the appropriate United States District Court.
Mr. Justice DOUGLAS, dissenting.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Who's Who in the Far East/BATTENBERG, William Alexander Newton

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​ BATTENBERG, William Alexander Newton (SINGAPORE), Barrister at Law; b. Aug. 28, 1871. Editc.: St. George's Grammar Sch., Hyderabad; ​King's Coll., London. Called to Bar, Jan. 1893; enrolled in India, Madras Presidency and now practising in Straits Settlements. Address: 32 Baffles Square, Singapore, Straits Settlements.
# Who's Who in the Far East/BEARDSLEY, James Wallace

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​ BEARDSLEY, James Wallace (MANILA), Director of Public Works; b. Sept. 11, 1861;?. Sept. 7, 1893, Ellen J. Pearne, d. of Rev. Thos. H. Pearne, D.D. Educ.: Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Engaged professionally on construction of works of Sanitary District, Chicago, for about 7 years; engaged on investigations and surveys of deep waterways from Great Lakes to Atlantic, for about 2 years; engaged on harbour works on Great Lakes under Corps of Engineers, U.S.A., atout 2 years; appointed Consulting Engineer to Philippine Commission, 1902; Director of Public Works, Philippine Islands, since Nov. 1905; Member of American Society Civil Engineers, Western Society of Engineers, Detroit Engineers' Society, etc. Publications: Occasional technical papers. Clubs:; University, Columbia; Manila. Address: Manila, Philippine Islands.
# Who's Who in the Far East/BARTON, Sidney

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​ BARTON, Sidney (TIENTSIN), 2nd Class Assistant H.B.M. Consular Service. Appointed Student Interpreter in China, Sept. 24, 1895; employed on Special Service at Wei-hai-wei, from Dec., 1899, till Oct., 1901, acted there as Assistant Commissioner interpreter to British Contingent, China Field Force, during operations at Tientsin, June and July, 1900; mentioned in despatches; Assistant Political Officer during advance on Peking, August, 1900; appointed Vice-Consul, Tientsin, Nov. 14, 1901; Accountant to Legation at Peking, 1901 and 1902. Decoration: China Medal. Address: Tientsin, China.
# Who's Who in the Far East/BEADY, Oliver George

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​ READY, Oliver George (CHANGSHA), B.A., Cantab.; Actg. Commissioner of Customs; b. Dec. 16, 1864; m. 1897, Isabel, e. d, of Henry Janson, of Westbourne Terrace, London, W. Educ.: Jesus College, Cambridge and at Paris. Publications: " Life and Sport in China";"Through Siberia and Manchuria by Rail ";" Ch'un-Kwang "(a Chinese novel). Decorations: Mandarin of 4th rank. Address: Changsha, China.
# Who's Who in the Far East/BEAN, Alfred William

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​ BEAN, Alfred William (SINGAPORE), Merchant; b. Oct. 14, 1860. Resident in Singapore since 1886; is a Member of Royal Photographic Society; Member of Society of Arts. Club: Blenheim, St. James' Square, London, S.W. Address: Singapore, Straits Settlements.
# Who's Who in the Far East/BARTLETT, Samual Coleord

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​ BARTLETT, Samual Coleord (SAPPORO), Missionary; b. Sept, 21, 1835; m. Fanny Slater Gordon, July 11, 1894, at Andover, Mass., U.S.A. Editc.: Dartmouth Coll. (A.B. 1887, A.M. 1891); graduated at Andover Theological Seminary 1894. Publications: Occasional newspaper and magazine articles. Address: Kita 8jo, Higashi 2 chome, Sapporo, Japan.
# Who's Who in the Far East/BASHFORD, Dr. James Whitford

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​ BASHFORD, Dr. James Whitford (SHANGHAI), D.D., LL.D., Minister; b. May 27, 1849, at Fayette, Wisconsin, U.S.A.; m. 1878, Jane M., d. of Hon. W. W. Field. Editc.: Graduated, Wisconsin Univ. 1873; A.M. 1876; Theol. Sell., Boston Univ. S.T.B., 1876; Sch. of Oratory 1878; Sch. of All Sciences (Ph.D.) Boston University 1881. Tutor in Greek, Wisconsin Univ., 1874; Pastor, Meth. Kpisc. Churches, Boston; Auburndale, Mass; Portland, Me; Buffalo, N.Y., 1875-89; Pres. of Ohio Wesleyan Univ., Delaware, Ohio, U.S.A., 1889-1904; elected Bishop Methodist Episopal Church 1904. Publications: " Science of All Religion"; Wesleyan Goethe," etc. Address: Shanghai, China.
# Who's Who in the Far East/BAYNE, W. G.

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​ BAYNE, W. G. (SHANGHAI), Secretary of North China Insurance Co., Ltd. Club: Shanghai. Address: 10, The Bund, Shanghai, China.
# Who's Who in the Far East/BAYLE, Vice-Admiral C. J.

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​ BAYLE, Vice-Admiral C. J. (SAIGON), Cominander-in-Chief of the French Navy in the East. Decorations: Commander de la Legion d'Honneur; Officier de I'Instruction Publique. Address: Saigon, Indo-China.
# Who's Who in the Far East/BEATTY, David

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​ BEATTY, David (PENANG), Straits Settlements Civil Service; b. Jan. 20, 1876. Educ.: Trinity Coll., Dublin; Jun. and Sen. Exhibitioner; 1st Honoursman in Classics, Logic and Natural Science; Prizeman in History. Appointed cadet in Civil Service by Sec. of State, Nov. 17, 1898; passed cadet, July 26, 1901; Acting 3rd Magistrate, Singapore, Nov. 9, 1901; Acting District Officer, Christmas Island, July 1, 1903; seconded for special duty in Pahang, Aug. 25 to Sept. 6, 1904; Acting 2nd Magistrate, Singapore, May 1, 1904; 2nd Assistant Protector of Chinese, Singapore, June 16, 1904; on return from leave, Dec. 29, 1905, appointed Acting Sheriff, Deputy Registrar, and Assistant Official Assignee, Penang. Address: Supreme Court, Penang, Straits Settlements.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Sowing

Edition of 1802.
​SOWING, is the art of committing the seed of vegetables to the earth, in order to obtain a future crop.
This operation is performed either in the Broad-cast method, or by Drilling: but, having already stated the respective advantages attending both, we refer the reader to vol. i, pp. 359-60, and vol. ii, pp. 166-82.
The most important objects in sowing are; 1. To commit the seed to the ground, at as early a period of the season as the nature of the grain, and the situation of the soil, will admit; and, 2. To place every seed at a proper depth, and distance from each other. Due regard to the former circumstance will be attended with great profit, particularly in the cultivation of turnips; as an early harvest will not only thus be obtained; but the roots will also be protected from the depredations of the fly.
Some agriculturists strongly recommend to "sow dry, and set wet;" but, where the soil has been newly turned by the spade, Dr. Darwin justly remarks, that no bad consequence can result from sowing, in general, during rainy weather: such method, however, ought to be adopted with caution on clay-soils (see Clay-land) that are much softened by long-continued rain; because, if the seed be put into holes, and a dry season follow, the water will necessarily evaporate, and an impenetrable crust will be formed on the surface, by the setting, or running together, of the clay. But this accident may, in some measure, be prevented, by sowing in the autumnal months, during moist weather.—See also Seed.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Soy

Edition of 1802.
​SOY, or Sooju, a species of liquid condiment, which is imported from India, and is used as a sauce for fish. It is prepared from the leguminous fruit of the Soja (Dolichos soja, L.) a native of Japan.
The pods are first boiled, till they become soft; when equal parts of them, and of muggi (wheat or barley that has been coarsely ground), are thoroughly mixed. This preparation is then kept in a close vessel, and a warm place, for twenty-four hours, in order to ferment; after which, the mass is put into a pot, and covered with a large portion of common salt, when two measures and a half of water are poured over the whole. The compound is stirred, once at the least, every day, for the space of two or three months; and, at the end of that period, it is filtred; the expressed liquor being preserved in wooden vessels. Fresh water is next added to the same mass; which, after stirring it occasionally for several days, is at length strained; and the liquor, though of an inferior kind, thus rendered fit for use.
Soy possesses a strongly saline taste, but has only a slight ​aromatic flavour: it is chiefly used at the tables of the luxurious; and is one of those artificial stimulants of the palate, which deserves no commendation, especially for vitiated or relaxed habits.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Spade

Edition of 1802.
The bit, or blade of this tool, is composed wholly of iron, being about 8 or 9 inches broad, and a foot in length: the upper part is flat; and, and in the centre, there is a hole or socket, in which is insertcd a handle or shaft, being 1 1/2 inches in diameter, and about 3 feet long. It is employed for stirring and dressing the ground; the labourer thrusting it in, to the depth of ten or twelve inches, accordingly as the nature of the soil may require.
The English spades, in general, are well calculated for heavy garden soils; but, as there are many situations, especially those abounding in sand and gravel, which might be more easily managed with a tool of a different shape, we have procured the following Cut, that represents the spade employed in Tuscany, and the northern parts of Italy.
​It consists of an iron spear, which is somewhat concave, being also longer, and thicker, than the implement used in Britain: instead of the workman setting his foot on the top of the blade, he places it upon a piece of wood which crosses the shaft, three or four inches above such blade; though, we conceive, the distance need not exceed one or two inches.—The manner, in which this implement is used, varies in different places. Thus, at Geneva, it is thrust into the soil, perpendicularly; at Pescia, the earth is divided horizontally, or at least in a slanting direction; so that the mould is thrown to a greater distance before the labourer. The peasants of that country, indeed, have an excellent mode of using the spade, without undergoing too great fatigue: it consists simply in supporting and lifting up the handle of the implement (after it has entered the soil) on the knee; by which means they are enabled to penetrate to a greater depth, and consequently to bring up a larger quantity of earth to the surface.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Sparagus

Edition of 1802.
​Sparagus. See Asparagus.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Sow-Thistle

Edition of 1802.
​SOW-THISTLE, or Sonchus, L. a genus of plants forming 13 species, four of which are indigenous: the principal are the following:
1. The oleraceus, or Common Sow-thistle, grows on cultivated ground, dunghills, and in hedges; its yellow flowers appear from June till August.—The leaves of this troublesome weed are the favourite food of hares and rabbits; they are likewise dressed and eaten among other culinary herbs. The roots have occasionally been converted into bread.—Sheep, goats, and swine, devour this vegetable, but it is not relished by horses.
2. The arvensis, Corn or Tree Sow-Thistle, is perennial, thrives in clayey corn-fields, and on ditch-banks, where it blows in August.—It is remarkable, that the flowers of this plant follow, in a regular manner, the course of the sun.—Cows and goats eat this species, of which horses are exccedingly fond.— ​Bechstein remarks, that the young shoots of the Corn Sow-thistle, when cut out in the spring, and mixed with bran, afford an excellent food for cattle and swine.
3. The palustris, or Marsh Sow-Thistle, grows in watery places, and on the banks of rivers, where it attains the height of from six to ten feet; flowering in July and August.—While young, this plant furnishes nourishing food for cattle: hence it deserves to be cultivated in swampy meadows.—Its flowers, like those of all the thistles, are visited by bees.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Sow-bread

Edition of 1802.
​SOW-BREAD, or Cyclamen Europæum, L. an exotic plant, sometimes cultivated in the gardens of the curious. There are five species of this diminutive herb, each of which produces several varieties; all bearing beautiful fragrant white, reddish, purple, or flesh-coloured flowers.
All the species of the sow-bread may be propagated by their seeds; and the respective varieties, by dividing their roots: they require a light, dry soil; and to be planted in borders of walks: in case of severe frost, the plants should be sheltered by mats.
In a fresh state, the root of the sow-bread has an extremely acrid and burning taste; but, when dried, it is almost totally divested of such property. It is recommended as an errhine; or to be formed into cataplasms, for discussing scirrhous and scrophulous tumors. Internally taken, it operates slowly, though with great virulence, as a purgative; and is apt to inflame the fauces and intestines: but, when roasted in embers, it may be eaten with safety.—In Germany, an ointment is prepared from these roots, which serves the useful purpose of relieving costiveness, when rubbed on the abdomen.
If, however, the root of the sow-bread should have been inadvertently swallowed, or eaten among other vegetables, it will be advisable either to take an immediate emetic; or, if some time have elapsed, to drink large portions of oily and mucilaginous liquors, such as the solutions of mutton-suet in milk, of gum-arabic, salep-powder, and similar demulcents.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Spa-water

Edition of 1802.
​SPA-WATER, a chalybeate mineral fluid, which arises from numerous springs, and particularly from that of Pouhon, in the vicinity of Spa, in Flanders.
This liquid, when first drunk, possesses the remarkable property of inducing a slight degree of intoxication. It is preferable to common water; as it more effectually allays thirst, especially in febrile complaints, which are accompanied with foulness and dryness of the throat and fauces: it is also very refreshing, after the stomach has been debilitated by excess, or intemperance.
The Spa-water affords relief in numerous complaints, especially those of the alimentary canal; in diarrhœa, and other obstruftions; as it restores the healthy action of the parts, while it promotes the usual secretions.
The dose varies according to the age and strength of the patient: it, however, seldom exceeds half a pint, which is repeated three or four times, in the course of the day. But, if the water be taken with a view to produce laxative effects, it will be proper to conjoin it with small portions of Rochelle salt, or similar gentle aperients.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Spaniel

Edition of 1802.
​SPANIEL, or Canis avicularius, a valuable species of the dog-kind, which is supposed to have been originally bred in Spain.
Spaniels are divided into three varieties, namely, 1. Starters, or Pointers, from their use in starting game; 2. Setters, which are employed only for the net; and 3. Water-spaniels, which are of service in recovering lost game, or fetching it out of the water. These animals are of various sizes, and colours; but the black sorts are held in the greatest estimation, on account of their superior scent: next are the pied or spotted spaniels; and those, which are of a plain liver-colour, are reputed to be the best swimmers. The external appearance, however, is an uncertain guide by which to ascertain the relative qualities of these sagacious animals; as their excellence principally depends on the manner in which they have been trained.—Every species of dogs being subject to various disorders, of which we have already treated, the reader is referred to vol. ii. pp. 151-52.—See also Mange.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Spar

Edition of 1802.
​SPAR, the Ponderous; Barytes; or heavy earth, a name given to a fossil naturally combined with the sulphuric or carbonic acids, and found in different parts of England, particularly in the counties of York and Derby.
This mineral is manufactured into vases, and other ornaments for chimney-pieces; but its principal use in domestic economy, having been already stated, vol. iii. p. 475, we shall only remark, that the ponderous spar may be procured in a very pure state, for medicinal purposes, by the process which Vauquelin and Fourcroy have adopted; and a translation of which has been given in Mr. Nicholson's Journal of Natural Philosophy, &c. vol. i. p. 535.—It would, however, be hazardous to mention the disorders, and doses, in which this powerful remedy is employed: hence parents should not suffer children to use the picture-frames, egg-stands, and other trinkets made of Derbyshire spar, by way of play-things.