OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Wilhelm's telegraph to Wilson

As appearing in the 1923 Source Records of the Great War, Vol. VI, edited by Charles F. Horne.
I feel it my duty, Mr. President, to inform you as the most prominent representative of principles of humanity, that after taking the French fortress of Longwy, my troops discovered there thousands of dumdum cartridges made by special government machinery.
The same kind of ammunition was found on killed and wounded troops and prisoners, also on the British troops. You know what terrible wounds and suffering these bullets inflict and that their use is strictly forbidden by the established rules of international law.
I therefore address a solemn protest to you against this kind of warfare, which, owing to the methods of our adversaries, has become one of the most barbarous known in history.
Not only have they employed these atrocious weapons, but the Belgian Government has openly encouraged and, since long, carefully prepared the participation of the Belgian civil population in the fighting.
The atrocities committed even by women and priests in this guerrilla warfare, also on wounded soldiers, medical staff and nurses, doctors killed, hospitals attacked by rifle fire, were such that my generals finally were compelled to take the most drastic measures in order to punish the guilty and to frighten the bloodthirsty population from continuing their work of vile murder and horror.
Some villages and even the old town of Loewen, excepting the fine hotel de ville, had to be destroyed in self-defence and for the protection of my troops. My heart bleeds when I see that such measures have become unavoidable and when I think of the numerous innocent people who lose their home and property as a consequence of the barbarous behaviour of those criminals.
Signed,
    WILLIAM, EMPEROR AND KING
# Wilderness

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "Wilderness."
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Wikidata item.
This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* "Wilderness" by Carl Sandburg
* "The Wilderness", a poem by Edwin Arlington Robinson
# Wildlife and Other Sightings: Western Whiptail, Gilbert's Skink....

​Wildlife and Other Sightings: Western Whiptail, Gilbert's Skink....
August 04, 2012 || Posted by: PU ­ Mather District Interpretive Ranger Western Whiptail Aspidoscelis tigris
July 25, 2012 Hetch Hetchy
Gilbert's Skink Plestidon gilberti
July 25, 2012 Hetch Hetchy
This lizard is most often heard before it is seen. They are excellent leaf litter "swimmers." In quiet moments, listen for feint rustling in the leaf litter (most commonly oak). They will periodically peek their heads out for a look on the surface. This individual was observed close to the picnic tables near the rest rooms at Hetch Hetchy. A blue­tailed juvenile was observed cruising in the leaf litter near Hodgdon Meadow employee housing.
Black Bear Ursus americanus
July 25, 2012 Hetch Hetchy ​Fresh scat filled with Manzanita seeds was observed on the trail between O'Shaughnessy Dam and Wapama Falls.
Last updated: August 4, 2012
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Wilentz v. Sovereign Camp Wow

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
306 U.S. 573
Wilentz v. Sovereign Camp Wow
Argued: March 2, 1939. --- Decided: April 17, 1939
Appeal from the District Court of the United States for the District of New Jersey.
Mr. E. J. Dimock, of New York City, for appellants.
Messrs. David M. Wood, of New York City, and Arthur T. Vanderbilt, of Newark, N.J., for appellee.
Mr. Justice STONE delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Wood v. A. Wilbert's Sons Shingle & Lumber Company

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
226 U.S. 384
Wood v. A. Wilbert's Sons Shingle & Lumber Company
Argued: December 5, 1912. --- Decided: December 23, 1912

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Woman of the Century/Harriet Mabel Spalding

​SPALDING, Miss Harriet Mabel, poet, born in Gloversville, N. Y., 10th January, 1862. She is the daughter of Rev. N. G. Spalding, a prominent clergyman in the Troy conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Her parents possessed literary talents. Her father is a graduate of Union College and a brilliant orator. Her mother is a graduate of Mrs. Willard's Troy Seminary and an artist of merit. Miss Spalding inherits the talents of both parents. HARRIET MABEL SPALDING. In 1868 the family removed to Schodack Landing, N. Y., which is now her home. Harriet was carefully and liberally educated. In 1877 she was graduated in the Albany Female Academy, where she won six gold medals offered by the alumna* in various branches of composition. She began to write verses at the age of nine years. ​She has written much and her work has been widely copied.
# Woman of the Century/Harriet McEwen Kimball

​HARRIET McEWEN KIMBALL. KIMBALL, Miss Harriet McEwen, poet, born in Portsmouth, N. H., 2nd November, 1834. She is a daughter of the late Dr. David Kimball, a refined and scholarly man. She was a delicate child, and her education was given to her in her own home, mainly by her cultured and accomplished mother. Miss Kimball began to write at an early age, and her work was criticised by her parents, who encouraged her to develop and exercise her undoubted poetic gift. She has been interested in charitable work throughout her life, and a Cottage Hospital in Portsmouth is one of the monuments that attest her philanthropy. She is an active church member. In all her literary work she is careful and painstaking. Her first volume of verse was pubished in 1867. In 1874 she published her "Swallow Flights of Song," and in 1879 "The Blessed Company of All Faithful People." In 1889 her poems were brought out in a full and complete edition. Most of if her poems are religious in character. Many of them are hymns, and they are found in all church collections of late date. Her devotional poems are models of their kind, and her work is considered unique in its rather difficult field. She lives in Portsmouth, devoted to her literary work and her religious and philanthropic interests.
# Woman of the Century/Harriet Hamilton Pier

​PIER, Miss Harriet Hamilton, lawyer, born in Fond du Lac, Wis., 26th April, 1872. She is the third daughter of Mr. and Mrs. C. K. Pier, and a sister of Kate H. and Caroline H. Pier. All the daughters of Mrs. Pier have received her maiden name, Hamilton. HARRIET HAMILTON PIER. Harriet was educated in the public schools of Fond du Lac, Madison and Milwaukee, and was graduated from the Milwaukee high school in 1889. She entered the law department of the Wisconsin University soon after, and at the end of two years she took her degree of LL.B. With her sister she is now studying the Polish language, all having practical knowledge of the German. The Pier family can not fail to be known in future as the family of women lawyers.
# Woman of the Century/Harriet Newell Haskell

​HASKELL, Miss Harriet Newell, educator, born in Waldborough, Maine, 14th January, 1835. HARRIET NEWELL HASKELL. Her father was Bela B. Haskell, a banker and ship-builder and a conspicuous citizen of Lincoln county. He served two terms in the Maine legislature and was collector of customs of his district under President Taylor. Miss Haskell was educated in Castleton Collegiate Seminary, Vermont, and Mount Holyoke Seminary, Massachusetts, from which school she was graduated with honor in 1855. An unlimited capacity for fun is one of Miss Haskell's prominent traits, and is one of the points in which her nature touches that of a school-girl, making her relation to them one of unbounded sympathy She has never lost this characteristic in all the serious responsibilities of her life, and therefore she holds the very key to the school-girl's heart. She is a fine scholar, an able critic and also preeminently a Christian woman. Her first experience in teaching was in Boston, in the Franklin school. Afterwards she was principal of the high school in her own town, and later in Castleton Collegiate School. It was while in that school the Rev. Truman Post, D.D., president of the board of trustees of Monticello Seminary wrote to a friend in Maine, asking him if he could recommend to him a woman to take the then vacant place of principal of Monticello, who was a scholar and a Christian, a woman of good business capacity and a good educator as well. The friend replied that there was only one such woman in the world, and that was Miss Haskell, of Castleton College, but that she could not be removed from the State of Vermont. After three years of solicitation. Miss Haskell became principal of Monticello, in 1868. The last years of her father's life were passed with her in the seminary. He died in 1887. The Monticello Seminary was destroyed by fire in Noveml)er, 1888, just as the institution was beginning its second half-century. Through Miss Haskell's energetic efforts a temporary building was put up, and the school was re-opened with eighty-nine of the one-hundred-thirty young women who were in the institution when the time came. In less than two years the present fine buildings were erected. The corner-stone of the new building was laid on 10th June, 1889. The Post Library was given by friends of Dr. Post, of St. Louis, Mo., who was for thirty-six years the president of the board of trustees of the seminary. The Eleanor Irwin Reid Memorial Chapel was given by William H. Reid, of Chicago, Ill., in memory of his wife. The new seminary was opened in 1890 with one-hundred-fifty students, and is now in successful operation, equipped with every modern appliance, and managed by Miss Haskell, whose ideas dominate the institution in every detail.
# Woman of the Century/Harriet Lane Johnston

​JOHNSTON, Mrs. Harriet Lane, niece of James Buchanan, fifteenth President of the United States, and mistress of the White House during his incumbency, born in Mercersburg, Pa., in 1833. She was a daughter of Elliott T. Lane and lane Buchanan Lane. Her ancestry was English on her father's side and Scotch-Irish on her mother's side. Her maternal grandfather, lames Buchanan, emigrated in 1783 from the north of Ireland and settled in Mercersburg, Pa. In 1788 he was married to Elizabeth Speer, a wealthy farmer's daughter. Their oldest son was President James Buchanan. Their second child, Jane, was the mother of Harriet Lane. The daughter was left motherless in her seventh year, and her illustrious uncle took her into his care. She went with him to his home in Lancaster, Pa. There she attended a day school. She was a frolicsome, generous, openhearted child. She was next sent to school in Charlestown, Va., where, with her sister, she studied for three years. After leaving that school she went to the Roman Catholic convent school in Georgetown, D. C. There she was liberally educated, her tastes running mainly to history, astronomy and mythology. She developed into a stately and beautiful woman. She had a clear, ringing voice, blue eyes and golden hair. She accompanied her uncle to England in 1853, and in London she presided over the embassy. Queen Victoria became a warm friend of the young American girl, and through her wish Miss Lane was ranked among the ladies of the diplomatic corps as Mr. Buchanan's wife would have ranked, had he been a married man. With her uncle she traveled extensively in Europe. When Mr. Buchanan became President, Miss Lane was installed as mistress of the White House. Her regime was marked by grace and dignity. During the difficult years of President Buchanan's term of office Miss Lane's position was one of exceeding delicacy, but she ever maintained her self-poise and appeared as the true and honorable woman. In 1863 she was confirmed in the Episcopal Church in Oxford, Philadelphia, of which one of her uncles was rector. In January, 1866, she became the wife of Henry Elliott Johnston, a member of one of the distinguished families of Maryland. After marriage they traveled in Cuba. They made their home in Baltimore, Md. Her marital life has been an ideal one. Her husband died some years ago, and she makes her home in Baltimore and Wheatlands. Her two sons died early.
# Woman of the Century/Harriet M. Rathbun

​RATHBUN, Mrs. Harriet M., author and business woman, born in Port Jefferson, Suffolk HARRIET M. RATHBUN. county, N. Y., 18th May, 1840. Her maiden name was Harriet M. Lee. She was the youngest of a family of twelve children. Her father died in 1842, and the large family were left in the mother's care and dependent upon their own exertions, as those who should have been friends, through persuasion and misrepresentation, wrested from the widow all her property. At fourteen years of age the studious little girl began to teach in Bellport, N. Y., while attending the village academy a portion of the year. At the beginning of the Civil War she resigned her position in the Brooklyn public schools, in order to be an assistant in a publishing house in New York City. Near the close of the rebellion Miss Lee became the wife of Captain E. H. Fales, of the 131st Regiment New York Volunteers. At the end of the war Capt. Fales purchased the magazine named "Merry's Museum," founded by Peter Parley. Disease contracted in the army blasted all his hopes of personal success, but the business was not allowed to suffer. With energy extraordinary Mrs. Fales came to the front, and with the help of a literary friend, during the decline of her husband, lasting more than a year, she assumed charge of both the departments, editorial and publishing. Finally, with the hope of prolonging his life, the business was allowed to pass into other hands, while Capt. and Mrs. Fales, with their babe, sought a milder climate in the West. Writing done by the wife, which she could not have secured in her own name, appeared under that of her husband, and procured for his last moments most grateful luxuries. At last husband and child were laid at rest, in 1868, and Mrs. Fales returned alone to New York City. Again she entered a publishing house, and at a salary which would have been paid to a man holding the same position. She was probably one of the first women in the metropolis to receive her just dues. It was while faithfully fulfilling her duties there, she met Milton Rathbun, now of Mt. Vernon, N. Y., whose wife she became in 1873. Soon after, she began to write for the weekly press, and at various times has contributed tales, sketches, essays and articles on ethics to a variety of weekly journals. She is favorably known on local platforms as a speaker upon temperance and ethics. She is noted for incessant activity, benevolence and cheerfulness; and is interested in every phase of woman's work and in all sensible reformatory movements. She has a family of two sons, the older a student in Harvard University.
# "A Modern Hercules," The Tale of a Sculptress

"A MODERN HERCULES,"
The Tale of a Sculptress,
BY
MELVIN G. WINSTOCK,
OF THE
LEADVILLE BAR.
AUTHOR OF
"A Western Politician," "The Fatal Horoscope," "A Virginian Romance," Etc.
Entered according to act of Congress, in the year 1899, by Melvin G. Winstock, in the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C.
Herald Democrat Print. Leadville, Colo.
1899.
* Preface
* Chapter I.
* Chapter II.
* Chapter III.
* Chapter IV.
* Chapter V.
* Chapter VI.
* Chapter VII.
* Chapter VIII.
* Chapter IX.
* Chapter X.
* Chapter XI.
* Chapter XII.
* Chapter XIII.
* Chapter XIV.
* Chapter XV.
* Chapter XVI.
* Chapter XVII.
* Chapter XVIII.
* Chapter XIX.
* Chapter XX.
* Chapter XXI.
* Chapter XXII.
* Chapter XXIII.
* Chapter XXIV.
* Chapter XXV.
* Chapter XXVI.
* Chapter XXVII.
* Chapter XXVIII.
* Chapter XXIX.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Acadian

See also Acadian orogeny on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​ACADIAN, in geology, the name given by Sir J. W. Dawson in 1867 to a series of black, red and green shales and slates, with dark grey limestones, which are well developed at St John, New Brunswick; Avalon in E. Newfoundland, and Braintree in E. Massachusetts. These rocks are of Middle Cambrian age and possess a Paradoxides fauna. They have been correlated with limestone beds in Tennessee, Alabama, Central Nevada and British Columbia (St Stephen).
See Cambrian System; also C. D. Walcott, Bull. U.S. Geol. Survey, No. 81, 1891; and Sir J. W. Dawson, Acadian Geology, 1st ed. 1855, 3rd ed. 1878.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Abū Ḥanīfa an-Nu‛mān ibn Thābit

See also Abu Hanifa on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​ABŪ ḤANĪFA AN-NU‛MĀN IBN THĀBIT, Mahommedan canon lawyer, was born at Kufa in A.H. 80 (A.D. 699) of non-Arab and probably Persian parentage. Few events of his life are known to us with any certainty. He was a silk-dealer and a man of considerable means, so that he was able to give his time to legal studies. He lectured at Kufa upon canon law (fiqh) and was a consulting lawyer (muftī), but refused steadily to take any public post. When al-Manṣūr, however, was building Bagdad (145–149) Abū Ḥanīfa was one of the four overseers whom he appointed over the craftsmen (G. Le Strange, Baghdad during the Abbasid Caliphate, p. 17). In A.H. 150 (A.D. 767) he died there under circumstances which are very differently reported. A persistent but apparently later tradition ​asserts that he died in prison after severe beating, because he refused to obey al-Manṣūr’s command to act as a judge (cadi, qādi). This was to avoid a responsibility for which he felt unfit—a frequent attitude of more pious Moslems. Others say that al-Mahdī, son of al-Manṣūr, actually constrained him to be a judge and that he died a few days after. It seems certain that he did suffer imprisonment and beating for this reason, at the hands of an earlier governor of Kūfa under the Omayyads (Ibn Qutaiba, Ma‛ārif, p. 248). Also that al-Manṣūr desired to make him judge, but compromised upon his inspectorship of buildings (so in Tabarī). A late story is that the judgeship was only a pretext with al-Manṣūr, who considered him a partisan of the ‛Alids and a helper with his wealth of Ibrāhīm ibn ‛Abd Allāh in his insurrection at Kufa in 145 (Weil, Geschichte, ii. 53 ff.).
For many personal anecdotes see de Slane’s transl. of Ibn Khallikan iii. 555 ff., iv. 272 ff. For his place as a speculative jurist in the history of canon law, see Mahommedan Law. He was buried in eastern Bagdad, where his tomb still exists, one of the few surviving sites from the time of al-Manṣūr, the founder. (Le Strange 191 ff.)
See C. Brockelmann, Geschichte, i. 169 ff.; Nawawi’s Biogr. Dict. pp. 698-770; Ibn Hajar al-Haitami’s Biography, publ. Cairo, A.H. 1304; legal bibliography under Mahommedan Law. (D. B. Ma.)
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Acadie

See also Acadia on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​ACADIE, or Acadia, a name given by the French in 1603 to that part of the mainland of North America lying between the latitudes 40° and 46°. In the treaty of Utrecht (1713) the words used in transferring the French possessions to Britain were “Nova Scotia or Acadia.” See Nova Scotia for the limits included at that date under the term.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Altoona

* related portals: Pennsylvania.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, travel guide, Wikidata item.
See also Altoona, Pennsylvania on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​ALTOONA, a city of Blair county, Pennsylvania, U.S.A., about 117 m. E. by N. of Pittsburg. Pop. (1890) 30,337; (1900) 38,973, of whom 3301 were foreign-born, 1518 being German; (1910) 52,127. It lies in the upper end of Logan Valley at the base of the Alleghany mountains, about 1180 ft. above sea-level, and commands views of some of the most picturesque mountain scenery in the state. A short distance to the W. is the famous Horseshoe Bend of the Pennsylvania railway. Altoona is served by the Pennsylvania railway, and is one of the leading railway cities in the United States. Its freight yard is 7 m. long, and has 221 m. of tracks. Large numbers of eastbound coal trains from the mountains and westbound “empties” returning to the mines stop here; and the cars of these trains are classified here and new trains made up. Locomotives and cars are sent to Altoona to be repaired from all over the Pennsylvania railway system E. of Pittsburg, and cars and locomotives are built here; and in the south Altoona foundries car wheels and general castings for locomotives and cars are made. The several departments of railway work are used to give training in a sort of railway university. Graduates of technical schools are received as special apprentices and are directed in a course of four years through the erecting shops, vice shop, blacksmith shop, boiler shop, roundhouse, test department, machine shop, air-brake shop, iron foundry, car shop, work of firing on the road, office work in the motive power accounting department, and drawing room; the most competent may be admitted through the grades of inspector, in the office of the master mechanic or of the road foreman of engines, assistant master mechanic, assistant engineer of motive power, master mechanic and superintendent of motive power. The Pennsylvania railway, co-operating with the public school authorities, established at Altoona, in 1907, a railway high school, the first institution of the kind in the country. It has a well-equipped drawing room, carpenter shop, forging room, foundry, science laboratories and machinery department, in which expert instruction is given. In 1905 the city’s factory products were valued at $14,349,963, and in this year the railway shops gave employment to 83·7% of all wage-earners employed in manufacturing establishments. The manufacture of silk is the only other important industry in the city. The site of the city (formerly farming land) was purchased in 1849 by the Pennsylvania Railroad Company and was laid out as a town. It was incorporated as a borough in 1854 and was chartered as a city in 1868.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Altitude

See also Altitude on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​ALTITUDE (Lat. altitudo, from altus, high), height or eminence, and particularly the height above the ground or above sea-level. In geometry, the altitude of a triangle is the length of the perpendicular from the vertex to the base. In astronomy, the altitude of a heavenly body is the apparent angular elevation of the body above the plane of the horizon (see Astronomy: Spherical ). Apparent altitude is the value which is directly observed; true altitude is deduced by correcting for astronomical refraction and dip of the horizon; geocentric altitude by correcting for parallax.