OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period/Yen Yen

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​YEN Yen 嚴衍 (T. 永思, H. 午庭, 拙道人), 1574–1645, historian, was a native of Chia-ting, Kiangsu. When he was forty-one sui he began a serious study of Ssŭ-ma Kuang's 資治通鑑 Tzŭ-chih t'ung-chien ("Comprehensive Mirror to Aid in Government"), a chronological history of China (completed in 1084) which treats the period from 403 B. C. to 960 A. D. Although Yen greatly admired this history, he regarded it as faulty in stressing facts that are politically instructive though omitting others perhaps equally important. With the help of T'an Yün-hou 談允厚, a pupil and brother-in-law, he began in 1615 to make notes and additions which were published, together with the original text, in 294 chüan, under the title Tzŭ-chih t'ung-chien pu (補). The final draft was completed in 1664, but was not printed until 1860. A second edition appeared in 1876. In his preface, dated 1644, Yen states that he had also completed a continuation to the Tzŭ-chih t'ung-chien, entitled 宋元續編 Sung-Yüan hsü-pien. This work was apparently lost but, judging from the title, it brought the account down to the end of the Yüan dynasty (1368 A. D.). Chang Tun-jên (see under Ku Kuang-ch'i) separated Yen's notes and additions from the original text, under the title T'ung-chien pu chêng lüeh (正略), 3 chüan. This collection was printed in 1917 in the 峭帆樓叢書 Ch'iao-fan lou ts'ung-shu.
[3/413/10a; prefaces to Tzŭ-chih t'ung-chien pu; Chia-ting hsien-chih (1880) 19/13; Kuo-ts'ui hsüeh-pao (see under Liu Yü-sung), vol. 6 (1910), portrait.]
Tu Lien-chê
# Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period/Yen Ying-yüan

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​YEN Ying-yüan 閻應元 (T. 麗亨), d. Oct. 1645, Ming martyr, was a native of Tungchow, Chihli. At the close of the Ming period he was prison-warder at Chiang-yin, Kiangsu. For his activities against pirates he was promoted to the post of registrar of Ying-tê, Kwangtung, but as roads were obstructed he never went. In 1645, after Nanking fell to the Ch'ing forces, Chiang-yin organized for defense. After repeated rebuffs, Yen Ying-yüan assumed voluntary leadership, utilized all available means of defense, including Dutch cannon, and fired the people with a fanatic zeal. He made a. desperate but vain stand against the Manchu forces, and when the city finally capitulated, October 10, 1645, he attempted to drown himself but was dragged out and killed. In 1776 his name was listed among those distinguished for loyalty to the Ming cause, and in 1837 an ancestral hall was built in his honor in Tungchow. The morale of the gentry of Chiang-yin was such that many of its officials and scholars killed their wives and children and committed suicide rather than surrender. According to accounts, the wells and canals were choked with bodies. Even those who escaped, or were captured, either threw themselves into suicidal attempts to recover the city or died in prison. In the siege of eighty-one days not one person surrendered and some seventy-five thousand Manchu troops were killed.
[M.1/277/16a; M.59/46/12a; Nan-chiang i-shih (see bibl. under Hou T'ung-tsêng) 20/1a; Tungchow chih (1781) 8/58b, (1879) 2/38a, 8/606; Chao Hsi-ming, 江上孤忠錄 Chiang-shang ku-chung lu in T'ung-shih (see Wan Yen); Chiang-yin ch'êng-shou chi (城守記).]
Earl Swisher
# Dows v. City of Chicago

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
78 U.S. 108
Dows v. City of Chicago
APPEALS from decrees of the Circuit Court of the United States for the Northern District of Illinois in two suits; one original, the other a cross suit. The bill in the original suit was filed by the complainant to restrain the collection of a tax levied by the city of Chicago upon shares of the capital stock of the Union National Bank of Chicago, owned by him. The bank was organized and doing business in the city of Chicago, under the general banking act of Congress, and the complainant was a citizen and resident of the State of New York.
The principal grounds alleged for the relief prayed were, that there was, in the tax of the shares of the bank, a want of uniformity and equality with the tax of other personal property in Illinois, as required by the constitution of that State; and that the shares of the bank followed the person of the owner, and were incapable of having any other situs than that of his domicile, and were not, therefore, property within the jurisdiction of the State.
Other objections, relating principally to the manner in which the tax lists were prepared, the want of notice of the assessment to the complainant, and the absence of any deductions for debts, were also urged, tending more to show irregularities in the proceedings than invalidity in the tax. No special circumstances respecting the tax, or its enforcement, were alleged in support of the equitable jurisdiction of the court.
The bill in the cross suit was filed by the Union National Bank of Chicago, and, besides alleging the illegality of the tax assessed, on various grounds, averred that if the shares were permitted to be sold, irreparable damage would not only be done to each of the shareholders, but also to the bank, which would be thereby subjected to great loss of standing and other injury, for the redress of which the law afforded no remedy; and that such also would be the result if the bank paid the taxes, and was subjected to suits by each of the shareholders by reason of doing so; and that in either event a multiplicity of suits would be rendered necessary to adjust the rights of the parties. A demurrer was interposed to the bills, original and cross. The Circuit Court sustained the demurrers to both, and the complainants in the two cases electing to abide by their bills, the court entered decrees dismissing the bills. From these decrees appeals were taken.
Messrs. M. F. Fuller and J. H. Roberts, for the appellants.
M. F. Tuley, contra.
Mr. Justice FIELD delivered the opinion of the court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Dows v. Johnson

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
110 U.S. 223
Dows v. Johnson
H. S. Monroe, for plaintiffs in error.
Sam. M. Chapman and W. F. Sapp, for defendant in error.
WAITE, C. J.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Downum v. United States

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Wikidata item.

## Dissenting Opinion

    Clark
United States Supreme Court
372 U.S. 734
Downum v. United States
Argued: March 20, 1963. --- Decided: April 22, 1963
Richard Tinsman, San Antonio, Texas, for petitioner.
William A. Geoghegan, Cincinnati, Ohio, for respondent.
Mr. Justice DOUGLAS delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Executive Order 13349

more info.
See the Notes section for a list of Executive Orders affected by or related to the issuance of this Executive Order.
Signed by President George W. Bush Friday, July 23, 2004
Federal Register page & date: 69 FR 44891, Tuesday, July 27, 2004
Executive Order 13349 of July 23, 2004
Amending Executive Order 13326 to Designate the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology to Serve as the National Nanotechnology Panel
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including the 21st Century Nanotechnology Research and Development Act (Public Law 108-153), and in order to designate the National Nanotechnology Advisory Panel pursuant to section 4(a) of that Act, it is hereby ordered as follows:
    Executive Order 13226 of September 30, 2001, as amended, is further amended by adding a new section 2(c), to read as follows:
| ‘‘(c) | PCAST shall serve as the National Nanotechnology Advisory Panel under section 4 of the 21st Century Nanotechnology Research and Development Act (Public Law 108-153) (Act). Nothing in this Order shall be construed to require the National Nanotechnology Advisory Panel to comply with any requirement from which it is exempted by section 4(f) of the Act.’’ |

## Notes

Shortcut: WS:USEO

### Amends

* Executive Order 13226, September 30, 2001

### See Related

* Executive Order 13305, May 28, 2003;
* Executive Order 13385, September 29, 2005
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Executive Order 1335

more info.
Signed by President William H. Taft Monday, April 17, 1911
1911 CSR 111
It is hereby ordered that the following persons, viz: Campbell, W. V., Pennsylvania; Enright, M. J., Ohio; Proffit, S. G., Virginia; Seitz, C. E., Pennsylvania; Tarbell, Harry, Colorado; Pinchback, P. B. S., District of Columbia, who are temporarily employed as internal-revenue agents, specially designated to examine the books of the corporations in connection with the special excise tax on corporations, may be appointed as classified employees in the Internal Revenue Service without compliance with the civil-service rules.
These six men have shown that they can perform this work in a manner entirely satisfactory to the Government and the taxpayers. The Secretary of the Treasury and the Commissioner of Internal Revenue recommend this action. The Civil Service Commission declined to concur in the recommendation of the Secretary of the Treasury.
For the reasons stated in the letter of the Secretary of the Treasury of April 13 the objection of the Civil Service Commission is overruled and this order is made.
The White House,
    April 17, 1911.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Cup-bearer

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Cup-bearer : An officer of high rank with Egyptian, Persian, Assyrian, and Jewish monarchs. The cup-bearer of the king of Egypt is mentioned in connection with Joseph's history (Gen. 40:1-21; 41:9). Rabshakeh (q.v.) was cup-bearer in the Assyrian court (2 Kings 18:17). Nehemiah filled this office to the king of Persia (Neh. 1:11). We read also of Solomon's cup-bearers (1 Kings 10:5; 2 Chr. 9:4).
# Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Curtain

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Curtain:
(1.) Ten curtains, each twenty-eight cubits long and four wide, made of fine linen, also eleven made of goat's hair, covered the tabernacle (Ex. 26:1-13; 36:8-17).
(2.) The sacred curtain, separating the holy of holies from the sanctuary, is designated by a different Hebrew word (peroketh). It is described as a "veil of blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen of cunning work" (Ex. 26:31; Lev. 16:2; Num. 18:7).
(3.) "Stretcheth out the heavens as a curtain" (Isa. 40:22), is an expression used with reference to the veil or awning which Orientals spread for a screen over their courts in summer. According to the prophet, the heavens are spread over our heads as such an awning. Similar expressions are found in Ps. 104:21; comp. Isa. 44:24; Job 9:8.
# Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Cushite

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Cushite:
(1.) The messenger sent by Joab to David to announce his victory over Absalom (2 Sam. 18:32).
(2.) The father of Shelemiah (Jer. 36:14).
(3.) Son of Gedaliah, and father of the prophet Zephaniah (1:1).
(4.) Moses married a Cushite woman (Num. 12:1). From this circumstance some have supposed that Zipporah was meant, and hence that Midian was Cush.
# Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Custom

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Custom : A tax imposed by the Romans. The tax-gatherers were termed publicans (q.v.), who had their stations at the gates of cities, and in the public highways, and at the place set apart for that purpose, called the "receipt of custom" (Matt. 9: 9; Mark 2:14), where they collected the money that was to be paid on certain goods (Matt. 17:25). These publicans were tempted to exact more from the people than was lawful, and were, in consequence of their extortions, objects of great hatred. The Pharisees would have no intercourse with them (Matt. 5:46, 47; 9:10, 11).
A tax or tribute (q.v.) of half a shekel was annually paid by every adult Jew for the temple. It had to be paid in Jewish coin (Matt. 22:17-19; Mark 12:14, 15). Money-changers (q.v.) were necessary, to enable the Jews who came up to Jerusalem at the feasts to exchange their foreign coin for Jewish money; but as it was forbidden by the law to carry on such a traffic for emolument (Deut. 23:19, 20), our Lord drove them from the temple (Matt. 21:12: Mark 11:15).
# Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Cushan

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Cushan : Probably a poetic or prolonged name of the land of Cush, the Arabian Cush (Hab. 3:7). Some have, however, supposed this to be the same as Chushan-rishathaim (Judg. 3:8, 10), i.e., taking the latter part of the name as a title or local appellation, Chushan "of the two iniquities" (= oppressing Israel, and provoking them to idolatry), a Mesopotamian king, identified by Rawlinson with Asshur-ris-ilim (the father of Tiglathpileser I.); but incorrectly, for the empire of Assyria was not yet founded. He held Israel in bondage for eight years.
# Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Cuthah

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Cuthah : One of the Babylonian cities or districts from which Shalmaneser transplanted certain colonists to Samaria (2 Kings 17:24). Some have conjectured that the "Cutheans" were identical with the "Cossaeans" who inhabited the hill-country to the north of the river Choaspes. Cuthah is now identified with Tell Ibrahim, 15 miles north-east of Babylon.
# Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Cutting

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Cutting : The flesh in various ways was an idolatrous practice, a part of idol-worship (Deut. 14:1; 1 Kings 18:28). The Israelites were commanded not to imitate this practice (Lev. 19:28; 21:5; Deut. 14:1). The tearing of the flesh from grief and anguish of spirit in mourning for the dead was regarded as a mark of affection (Jer. 16:6; 41:5; 48:37).
Allusions are made in Revelation (13:16; 17:5; 19:20) to the practice of printing marks on the body, to indicate allegiance to a deity. We find also references to it, through in a different direction, by Paul (Gal. 6; 7) and by Ezekiel (9:4). (See [137]HAIR.)
# Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Curious arts

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Curious arts: (Acts 19:19), magical arts; jugglery practised by the Ephesian conjurers. Ephesus was noted for its wizard and the "Ephesian spells;" i.e., charms or scraps of parchment written over with certain formula, which were worn as a safeguard against all manner of evils. The more important and powerful of these charms were written out in books which circulated among the exorcists, and were sold at a great price.
# Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Curse

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Curse: denounced by God against the serpent (Genesis 3:14), and against Cain (Genesis 4:11). These divine maledictions carried their effect with them. Prophetical curses were sometimes pronounced by holy men (Genesis 9:25; 49:7; Deuteronomy 27:15; Joshua 6:26). Such curses are not the consequence of passion or revenge, they are predictions.
No one on pain of death shall curse father or mother (Exodus 21:17), nor the prince of his people (Exodus 22:28), nor the deaf (Leviticus 19:14). Cursing God or blaspheming was punishable by death (Leviticus 24:10-16). The words "curse God and die" (R.V., "renounce God and die"), used by Job's wife (Job 2:9), have been variously interpreted. Perhaps they simply mean that as nothing but death was expected, God would by this cursing at once interpose and destroy Job, and so put an end to his sufferings.
# Driftwood (Spears)

* information about this edition.
* sister projects: Commons category.
Sibley Carruth wakes up to find himself afloat, alone on the Mississippi during one of its worst floods. The family shanty-boat has broken its mooring, and his parents are ashore. Luckily the family are river-people, and he himself is river-wise; so, not only does he manage to stay afloat, but he also involves himself in rescue-work and collect "salvage" along the way. Including a motor-boat, two marooned boys and . . . "Driftwood."
"DRIFTWOOD"
RAYMOND S. SPEARS
A black-headed, spreading-pronged horror of a snag … lunging at them like a living thing
"DRIFTWOOD"
BY
RAYMOND S. SPEARS
ILLUSTRATED BY
GEORGE AVISON
NEW YORK
THE CENTURY CO.
Copyright, 1921, by
THE CENTURY CO.
PRINTED IN U. S. A.
"DRIFTWOOD"
Is dedicated to
Charles and John,
who camped from
the Atlantic to
the Pacific and
back by automobile

### CONTENTS

* chapterpage
* I Carried Away in a River Flood 3
* II When The River Separates its People 18
* III Caught in the River Drift 32
* IV A Baby Afloat 50
* V The Crowded Hours of Flood Time 66
* VI Rescue Work in the Overflow 77
* VII News From the Flood Victims 100
* VIII River Pirates 116
* IX Sibley Takes Command 141
* X Kalas Picks His Helpers 152
* XI Jimmy Veraine on Secret Service 163
* XII Jep Forestalls an Adoption 177
* XIII An Enigma 194
* XIV "One Hundred Dollars Reward" 203
* XV Jep Loses His Shanty Boat 223
* XVI Keeping Faith with River Folks 235
* XVII "How’s the Kid, Jep?" 252
* XVIII What the River Did for Boys 266

### LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

* PAGE
* A black-headed, spreading-pronged horror of a snag … lunging at them like a living thing Frontispiece
* "I’m coming!" 37
* "Will you go back on rescue work?" 59
* "The levee … has broken!" 87
* All night long, and all the following day … Sibley and Jimmy worked 97
* "It may cut through there! Yes, sir! We’re lucky if it doesn’t go through" 23
* Sibley … went up on the roof … to watch for the pirates 139
* He looked in the night for a light or a sign of people 191
* "I ’lowed you might catch sight of ’im," the sheriff said 205
* "But you can’t stay here" 253
* "I’ve come to give myself up," Jep answered 263
* "The Government just has to take on those who make a speciality of any kind of work the way you’ve studied the Mississippi River" 273
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
The longest-living author of this work died in 1950, so this work is in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 73 years or less. This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
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