OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Condor/Volume 1/Number 5/A Protest

A PROTEST.
In the Auk, Apr., 1888, p. 168, Mr. J. Amory Jeffries describes Trochilus violajugulum, taken April 5, 1883 at Santa Barbara, Cal. The type has renained uuique until this day and it is now high time, I think, to enter a protest against retaining this name upon the Check-list of North American Birds. With the numerous collectors and active work that has been done in California since that date, it is hardly necessary to point out that if this was a valid species other individuals would have been secured long ere now. Whether this bird is a hybrid or not is immaterial, as it surely deserves no better place among the North American birds than Townsend's Bunting, Lawrence's, Cincinnati, Brewster's or Carbonated Warblers, Cuvier's Kinglet, etc. This form has stood upon the Checklist long enough to be repudiated and its geographical distribution restricted to the "hypothetical list," which is its undoubted place of residence, and it is to be sincerely hoped that when the Cooper Club issues its list of California birds that this will be placed upon such a list of the Club's resume of the avi-fauna of the state.
Along with the above species it would also be well for members of Committee on the State List to inquire into the claim of Porzana colurnicus (Ridgway) [Amer. Nat. VII, Feb. 1874, p. 111 and Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. XIII, 189O, pp. 309-311] has to a place among the birds of California. The recent extensive collecting on the Farallones has demonstrated its absence from the islands. Was not the type specimen erroneously labeled by Mr. T. C. Martin, who presented it to the U.S. National Museum? At any rate this matter will also stand some further investigation. If it proves to be a straggler from the Galapagos as suggested by Mr. Ridgway, well and good, but if not, and the type remains unique, then it deserves a similar fate to Trochilus violajugatum.
Two minor notes on the end edition of the Checklist which have come under my notice may interest members of the Club. In the ninth supplement to the Checklist, Auk XVI, Jan., 18, p. 111, a new hummingbird, Atthis morcomi Ridgway, is added to the list. The A. O. U. Committee fails to insert the generic reference before it, hence we have on p. 176 the specific but no generic reference. I have not access to the original literature, but Ridgway and Elliott both give it the same. Hence should we not insert the following on p. 176 before No. 435:—
Genus Atthis Reichenbach.
Atthis, Reich. Aufz. der Colib., 1853, 12. Type, Ornysmia heloisa, Less and DeLattr.
Under Æstrelata scalaris Brewster, p. 34, the reference should read:—Auk III, July 1886, 390 (not 300).
Robert Baird McLain, Wheeling, W. Va.
* ↑ Hummingbirds. Rept. Nat. Mus. 1890 (1892) p. 380.
* ↑ Class and Syn. Trochil, 1879, p. 113.
# The Condor/Volume 1/Number 5/Book Reviews

Book Reviews.
Water Birds of the Pacific District.—By Lyman Belding, April, 1886, pp. 246. Manuscript type-written copy. (Received by the Cooper Ornithological Club March 4, 1897).
This volume was prepared by Mr. Belding for the Division of Economic Ornithology and Mammalogy of the United States Department of Agriculture, now the Biological Survey. The book was intended to serve as a companion volume to Land Birds of the Pacific District and had it been printed ten years ago, would have been of the greatest service to workers along our coast. Mr. Belding has generously presented his bound manuscript to the Cooper Club. In the preface written especially to the Club, Mr. Belding says:
"The notes on water birds which I received from the observers of the district are still incorporated in this volume, except a few of Mr. Emerson's, which came too late for insertion.
"The reversing of the Check List of the A. O. U. whereby the water birds came first in the list, instead of last, as formerly, found me unprepared to give the time to the water birds that I needed, and supposing that the water birds would soon be needed for publication, I made a hurried compilation, finished it in five or six weeks and this is the result."
Iktler Birds contains remarks on 156 species, compiled largely from published works of Baird, Ridgway, Cooper, Suckley, Heermann, ​C. H. Townsend, Evermann, Henshaw and Bendire. These are supplemented by original notes supplied by various observers of the Pacific District, including about the same men as furnished notes for the Land Birds. The habitat of each species is given under the trivial and scientific names, followed by notes on distribution, migration, feeding, nesting and general habits. The notes on most species are very copious, covering in many cases three and four pages. Each statement is preceded by the name of the author, thus following the plan which was found so satisfactory in the previous volume. The work is especially valuable to us on account of the exact records made for California species, of which notes Mr. Belding has supplied a large portion from his own observations. In spite of its being thirteen years old the book would furnish us with a good basis for our proposed State List.
Mr. Belding's own extensive and long continued observations on this coast have particularly fitted him for the preparation of this much-needed paper and we regret that it has not been made available for general use, as it is by far the best thing of its kind which has been done for the state. Some would perhaps object that the quotations are too lengthy, but I believe this to be one of its virtues, too often lacking in scientific works of a similar nature.
R. C. M.
In a letter received from Dawson City under date of Aug. 2, Mr. Wilfred H. Osgood of the Biological Survey expedition writes of the good health and good work of the party to date. Among others the eggs of the Varied Thrush had been taken.
# The Condor/Volume 1/Number 5/Official Minutes of Southern Division

Official Minutes of Southern Division.
The August meeting of the Southern Division was held Aug. 3 at 403 Bradbury Block, Los Angeles, Pres. McCormick presiding. Seven members were present. The following members were dropped from the roll for non-payment of dues: Roy B. Blackman, R. L. Garnier, F. B. Jewett, Bert Robbins, B. H. Swales, L. P. Williams and Otto J. Zahn. The name of H. H. Dunn of Fullerton was proposed for active membership by Mr. Daggett. Messrs. Swarth and Robertson were appointed a committee to arrange for the October outing meeting. Mr. Daggett gave an interesting account of his trip to Mt. Whitney and read extracts from a letter recently received from Jos. Grinnell, now at Cape Nome, Alaska. The following papers were read: "The Flycatchers of Arizona," (embracing the Sulphur-bellied, Olivaceous and Buff-breasfed) by O. W. Howard; "Notes on the Gray-crowned Leucosticte in the Vicinity of Mr. Whitney," by Daggett, and two papers from the Northern Division. Howard Robertson, Division Secretary.
# The Condor/Volume 1/Number 5/The Nesting Haunts of the Black-throated Gray Warbler

The Nesting Haunts of the Black-throated Gray Warbler.
THE accompanying plate represents one of those charming bits of woodland which Messrs. Henry W. Carriger, John M. Welch and the writer were permitted to pass through in the Sierra Nevada Mts. early in June of this year. The camera has preserved the mere outlines of the scene, but the freshness and brilliancy of the morning and the ecstatic songs of the woods' feathered denizens are of necessity lacking. We were roaming aimlessly through the woods, following only such paths as fancy might dictate, when Mr. Carriger's attention was drawn to a neat, greyish nest on the drooping limb of a pine, to which a pair of Black-throated Gray Warblers presently claimed ownership. Being near a road-house a short ladder was secured later in the day and the set collected on its original limb.
Mr. Carriger contributes the following notes on this species from his '99 experiences: "The Black-throated Gray Warbler was probably the commonest warbler met with on our trip and a number of nests were located. Several were found in the deer brush (Ceanothus) at from five to nine feet up and two were placed in pines, one twelve feet up on a small limb (shown in the illustration) and another 52 feet up on a horizontal limb. The birds showed little anxiety and would fly off at our approach and remain near by, chirping occasionally. While photographing the nest both birds remained in the pine overhead but did not approach nearer than ten feet. While we often heard this warbler singing, few were noticed excepting on such occasions as when we collected a nest."
The scene portrayed in the plate is an ideal one of the open growths in the Sierras. It seems truly a transformation to step from the deep, dark timber where the reign of Silence is seldom broken and where the birds seem loath to commit the sacrilege of song, to the open hillsides where the carpet of luxuriant "mountain misery" is ever green, and where the sunlight sifts down in fantastic shafts through the pines and cedars with beautiful varied effects. Here the warblers and vireos pour forth their most exquisite songs and the creepers and nuthatches industriously gyrate up and down the oaks and pines while the woodpeckers and sapsuckers drum idly on the dead stubs. Here all bird life dwells in seeming harmony, and as recurrent thoughts carry one back to the hum-drum of city life I almost wish I might linger alway in this idyllic spot.
C. Barlow.
Photo by C. Barlow.
Nesting Haunts of the Black-throated Gray Warbler.
(Showing H. W. Carriger collecting nest, in company with Jno. M. Welch.)
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Putlitz, Gustav Heinrich Gans, Edler Herr von und zu

Edition of 1920. See also Gustav zu Putlitz on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
PUTLITZ, poot'lĭts, Gustav Heinrich Gans, Edler Herr von und zu, German novelist and poet: b. Retzin, Prussia, 20 March 1821; d. there, 9 Sept. 1890. He was educated at Magdeburg, Berlin and Heidelberg, was engaged in the civil service in 1846-48 and made his début in literary circles by his comedies which aptly portrayed high social life and excelled in humor. In 1863 he was appointed director of the court theatre at Schwerin and his collected dramas were published in 1850-69. His poems were characterized by much beauty and grace and his charming fairy poem ‘Was sich der Wald erzählt’ (1850) was widely circulated. His novels were also popular. Among his publications are ‘Vergissmeinnicht’ (1851); ‘Brandenburgher Geschichten’ (1862); ‘Novellen’ (1863); ‘Funken unter der Asche’ (1871).
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Putman, Emily James Smith

Edition of 1920. See also Emily James Smith Putnam on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer. The last name appears to be misspelled in the article title, and also in “George Haven Putman” below. See "Mr. Putman's Loving Cup". The New York Times. May 6, 1899. There a similar gaffe and the correct spelling can be found.
PUTMAN, Emily James Smith, American author and educator, daughter of Justice James C. Smith: b. Canandaigua, 15 April 1865. She was graduated at Bryn Mawr College in 1889 and studied at Girton College, Cambridge University, in 1889-90. She was teacher of Greek at the Packer Collegiate Institute, Brooklyn, in 1891-93; Fellow in Greek at the University of Chicago in 1893-94, and dean of Bernard College in 1894-1900. She was married to George Haven Putman (q.v.) in 1899.
She was a trustee of Barnard College in 1900-05, and vice-president and manager of the Women's University Club, New York, in 1907-11. In 1901-04 she was president of the League for Political Education. Author of ‘Selections from Lucian’ (1891); ‘The Lady’ (1910); ‘Greek Religion’ (1913).
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Putnam, George Haven

Edition of 1920. See also George Haven Putnam on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
PUTNAM, George Haven, American publisher and author, son of G. P. Putnam (q.v.): b. London, England, 2 April 1844. He was educated in New York, Paris and Göttingen, leaving the university at the latter place to enter the Union army as a volunteer in 1862. He served through the war, was a prisoner at Libby in the winter of 1864-65, and attained rank as major of volunteers. He is head of the firm G. P. Putnam's Sons, was a leader in reorganizing the American Copyright League in 1887 and was instrumental in securing the passage of the copyright bill in 1891. He has published ‘Authors and Publishers’ (1883); ‘The Artificial Mother’ (1894); ‘Books and their Makers in the Middle Ages’ (1896); ‘The Censorship of the Church’ (1906); ‘Abraham Lincoln’ (1909); ‘Memories of a Publisher’ (1915).
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Putnam, Herbert

Edition of 1920. See also Herbert Putnam on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
PUTNAM, Herbert, American librarian: b. New York, 20 Sept. 1861. He was graduated at Harvard (1883); studied law at Columbia (1883-84), and was admitted to the bar (1886). He received also the degrees of Litt.D. from Bowdoin (1898), LL.D. from Columbian (now George Washington University, 1903), University of Illinois (1903), University of Wisconsin (1904), Yale (1907), Williams (1911), LittD. from Brown (1914). From 1884-87 he was librarian at the Minneapolis Athenæum, and at the Minneapolis Public Library (1887-91). After this he practised law at Boston (1892-95), and became librarian at the Boston Public Library (1895-99). Since March 1899 he has been librarian of Congress. He was twice president of American Library Association (1898, 1904). Numerous articles have been published by him in reviews and professional journals.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Putchock

Edition of 1920. See also Saussurea costus on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
PUTCHOCK, pu-chok', or PUCHUCK, the root of Aplotaxis lappa, the “costus” of the ancients, a composite plant growing on the Himalayas in the vicinity of Cashmere. It has long lyrate leaves and heads of purple florets. It is exported to the Malay countries and to China, where it forms a main ingredient in the Chinese pastille-rods known as joss-sticks. In Upper India it is given as a medicine in various complaints ranging from coughs to cholera.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Putnam, Frederick Ward

Edition of 1920. See also Frederic Ward Putnam on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
PUTNAM, pŭt'nạm, Frederick Ward, American archæologist and ethnologist: b. Salem, Mass., 16 April 1839; d. 1915. He became curator at Essex Institute in Salem in 1856, was graduated from Harvard in 1862 and in 1864 became director of the Essex Institute Museum. In 1867 he was appointed superintendent of the East Indian Marine Society's Museum at Salem and in 1875 was appointed civilian assistant on the United States surveys west of the 100th meridian, his duties being to make investigations and reports of the archæological and ethnological material collected. In 1876-78 he was in charge of the Agassiz collection of fishes at the Museum of Comparative Zoölogy and in 1886 was appointed professor of American archæology and ethnology at Harvard. He was chief of the department of ethnology at the World's Columbian Exposition in 1893. He is author of numerous pamphlets on scientific subjects, was one of the founders and editors of the American Naturalist, and has edited many volumes of ‘Annual Reports of the Trustees of the Peabody Museum of Archæology and Ethnology’ and ‘Proceedings of the Essex Institute.’
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Put Yourself in His Place

Edition of 1920. See also Put Yourself in His Place on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
PUT YOURSELF IN HIS PLACE, a novel by Charles Reade, published in 1870. The scene is laid in an English manufacturing town, and the story narrates the struggles of Henry Little, workman and inventor, against the jealousy and prejudice of the trades unions. Like all of Reade's stories, ‘Put Yourself in His Place’ has a wealth of dramatic incident, and moves with dash and vigor. It is notable for its underlying purpose of exposing without censure the errors of early trades unions.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Putnam

Edition of 1920. See also Putnam, Connecticut on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
PUTNAM, Conn., city, one of the county-seats of Windham County, on the Quinebaug River, junction joint of New York, New Haven and Hartford main line and Norwich and Worcester branch, about 45 miles east by north of Hartford. It was incorporated from portions of the towns of Thompson, Killingly and Pomfret, by the State assembly in May 1855 and was organized as a municipality 3 July 1855 and in 1895 was chartered as a city. Near the centre of the city are Cargill Falls, noted for their beauty. It is the centre of an agricultural region and has a number of manufacturing interests. The chief industrial establishments are cotton and woolen mills, a tire fabric factory, silk mills, manufactories of heaters and castings and a toolmaking plant. The number of employees in the manufactories is about 2,200. It has the Day Kimball Hospital, Mother House of the Sisters of the Holy Ghost and seven churches and a Jewish synagogue. The educational institutions are a high school, State trade school, public and parish schools and a public library. There are two banks, one National, with a capital of $150,000 and one savings and the business annually is over $20,000. The government is administered under the charter of 1895, which provides for a mayor, who holds office two years, and a council of nine members. A board of three commissioners operates the municipally-owned water supply system. Pop. 9,000.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Putnam, George Palmer

Edition of 1920. See also George Palmer Putnam on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
PUTNAM, George Palmer, American publisher and author: b. Brunswick, Me., 7 Feb. 1814; d. New York, 20 Dec. 1872. He entered the book store of Jonathan Leavitt in New York in 1828, became a member of the firm Wiley and Putnam in 1840 and in 1841 went to London where he conducted a branch business. In 1848 he returned to New York, opened a publishing house, engaged in the production of finely illustrated books and established Putnam's Magazine 1853-56, which was resumed in 1868 and afterward merged with Scribner's Monthly. In 1866 he established the publishing firm now known as G. P. Putnam's Sons. He was an ardent advocate of international copyright reform, secretary for many years of the Publishers' Association, a founder of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, and wrote 'A Plea for International Copyright' (1837); 'Chronology' (1833); 'The Tourists in Europe' (1838);
'American Facts' (1845); 'The World's Progress' (1850); Ten Years of the World's Progress' (1861), etc.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Plant-louse

Edition of 1920. See also the disclaimer.
PLANT-LOUSE. See Aphid.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Plant Industry

Edition of 1920. See also the disclaimer.
PLANT INDUSTRY. See Agriculture, Department of.
copyright 1912, by f. e. wright. :
PLANTS OF GREAT COMMERCIAL VALUE :
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Playboy of the Western World, The

Edition of 1920. See also The Playboy of the Western World on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
PLAYBOY OF THE WESTERN WORLD, The, in three acts, by John Millington Synge, is a singularly arresting play by reason of its extraordinary combination of qualities that are ordinarily deemed contradictory. It is a comedy of Irish peasant life, extravagant, even boisterous at moments, yet based on the tragic theme of the murder of a father by his son; it is illuminated not only by the richest of humor but by poetic touches of poignant beauty, and all told in language so vivid and picturesque, so full of the zest and color of life, as to make ordinary English seem pale and tame, — “that vivid speech which has been shaped through some generations of English speaking by those who still think in Gælic” (W. B. Yeats).
Christy Mahon comes to a lonely public house foot-weary, a stranger and a fugitive. The kindly curiosity of the tavern keeper, his daughter, Pegeen, and others, wrings from him the confession that he has killed his overbearing father in a fit of anger with a blow from a spade. This evidence of courage and overmastering passion in a seemingly gentle lad so impresses his hearers that they talk themselves, and him, into the conviction that he is a hero. Inspired by his new-found confidence he makes love to Pegeen in one of the most delightful love scenes ever written, and Pegeen is quite prepared to throw over her prosaic husband-elect for Christy. When Christy's old father turns up, at this juncture, not much the worse for his broken pate, it is quite natural that there should be a sudden revulsion of feeling against Christy. He has lost his hold on their imaginations, and poor Pegeen, her romance shattered, leads the pack against him. The ultra-Nationalists professed to regard the play as an attack on Irish morals and character and organized hostile demonstrations when ‘The Playboy’ was first produced at the Abbey Theatre in Dublin in 1907, and later in London, and in the United States. In reality Synge has done the highest service to the Irish cause by creating dramas of artistic distinction and originality from purely Irish material. In his preface to the play Synge says, “I have used only one or two words that I have not heard among the country people of Ireland or spoken in my nursery.” Another quotation from Synge furnishes a most significant commentary on ‘The Playboy.’ “On the stage one must have reality and one must have joy; . . . the rich joy found only in what is superb and wild in reality. . . . In a good play every speech should be as fully flavored as nut or apple, and such speeches cannot be written by any one who works among people who have shut their lips on poetry.” ‘The Playboy’ is based on a story Synge heard in the Aran Islands; its language, its humor, its poetry, its flavor, its “reality,” its “joy,” are all drawn from Irish country folk and transmuted by the hand of the artist into an enduring work of art that is very human and very beautiful. For special references see article, Riders to the Sea.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Plant-bug

Edition of 1920. See also Miridae, Coreidae and Pyrrhocoridae on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
PLANT-BUG, a bug of any of several families of Hemiptera, which obtain their food by sucking the juices of plants through beak-like mouths. The largest group is the family Coreidæ consisting of at least 1,500 species, some of which are dreaded pests of cultivated crops and trees. Two well-known species are the box-elder plant-bug (Leptocoris trivittatus), which is especially troublesome in the western States, where the box-elder is largely planted as a windbreak and for timber; and the squash-bug (Anasa tristis), which is an incorrigible enemy of squashes, pumpkins, cucumbers, etc. (See Squash). The Lygsidæ include fully 1,300 species, nearly 200 of which are known in America, and of which one of the most widely destructive is the little chinch-bug, a pest upon certain cereal crops. The Pyrrhocoridæ is a small family, but contains several serious pests, of which the cotton stainer or red-bug (Dysdurcas suturellus) is a pest in the southeastern United States. It feeds upon orange fruits and cotton. Consult Comstock, ‘Manual for the Study of Insects’ (1895); Smith, ‘Manual of Economic Entomology’ (1896); Howard, ‘The Insect Book’ (new ed., 1914).
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Plant Sociology

Edition of 1920. See also the disclaimer.
PLANT SOCIOLOGY. See Ecology; Plant Geography.
# The Earliest English Translations of Bürger's Lenore: a Study in English and German Romanticism/Chapter 8/Lenore by Gottfried August Bürger

LENORE.
Gottfried August Bürger.
# The Earliest English Translations of Bürger's Lenore: a Study in English and German Romanticism/Chapter 8/William and Helen by Walter Scott

WILLIAM AND HELEN
By Walter Scott