OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Elementary Lessons In The Swatow Dialect/Lesson 6

Probably authored by John Campbell Gibson
* Who are you?
* He is my father.
* Is your mother alive?
* When did you marry?
* More than ten years ago.
* How many children have you?
* I have several.
* How old is the eldest?
* The eldest is a girl
* Is she married?
* How many brothers have you?
* One elder brother, one younger.
* Have you any sister?
* I have one elder sister and one younger.
* Are you married?
* I am engaged, but not married yet
* When are you going to be married?
* It is not fixed yet.
* I fancy I shall get married next year.
* What is this child crying for?
* He is hungry.
* Give him something to eat.
* Call the nurse to carry him.
* Take him out for a walk.
* He doesn’t want to come.
* Never mind whether he wants or not.
* This is my nephew.
* Is he a native of the place?
* What does he come here for?
* He has come to buy things.
* When is he going back?
* In two or three days.
* Lṳ́ sĩ sĩ-mih nâng?
* I sĩ uá-kâi-pẽ.
* Lṳ́ kâi a-bó hûan-tõ--bô?
* Lṳ́ tiâng-sî tshūa-chhin?
* Kàu-taⁿ nu tsa̍p-gūa nîⁿ--liáu.
* Lṳ́ ũ jie̍h-tsōi kâi-kiáⁿ?
* Ũ nõ-saⁿ kâi.
* Tōa--kâi ũ jie̍h-tsōi-hùe?
* Tōa--kâi sî tsṳ-niêⁿ.
* Ũ tshut-mn̂g a-būe?
* Lṳ́ ũ kúi-kâi hiaⁿ-tĩ?
* Che̍k-kâi a-hiaⁿ, che̍k-kâi a-tĩ.
* Ũ chí-mūe a-bô?
* Iā ũ che̍k-kâi a-ché, che̍k-kâi a-mūe.
* Lṳ́ ũ tshūa-chhin a-būe?
* Ũ-tsò; būe-tshūa.
* Tiâng-sî àiⁿ-tshūa?
* Hûan-būe tiāⁿ-tie̍h.
* Phah-sǹg mêⁿ-nîⁿ àiⁿ-tshūa.
* Chí-kâi nôu-kiáⁿ khàu tsò-nî?
* I sĩ tóu-khùn.
* Tie̍h pun i chia̍h.
* Hàm a-sím lâi-phõ--i.
* Phõ i khṳ̀-kháu thit-thô.
* I m̄-hàuⁿ-lâi.
* M̄-kúan i hàuⁿ a m̄-hàuⁿ.
* Chí-kâi sĩ uá kâi-tie̍t.
* I sĩ pńg-tī-nâng a m̄-sĩ?
* Lâi chí-kò tsò-mih-sṳ̄?
* I-lâi bói-mue̍h.
* Tiâng-sî àiⁿ tńg--khṳ̀?
* Ke saⁿ-nõ-ji̍t.
# Elementary Lessons In The Swatow Dialect/Lesson 7

Probably authored by John Campbell Gibson
* This man is tall.
* I am shorter than he.
* That cow is fat.
* This sheep is thin.
* This string is too long.
* The thread is too short; it’s not enough.
* This is a very large house.
* The road is too narrow for walking.
* This chair is strong.
* This table is rather weak.
* He (his body) is very strong.
* I am weaker than he.
* This table-cloth is wet.
* Dry it, and bring it back,
* This rock is very hard.
* My pillow is soft.
* Your hands are dirty.
* You should wash them clean,
* I want hot water.
* I don’t want to use cold water,
* Out at sea it’s very deep.
* Rivers are more shallow.
* It’s very far by water.
* By land it’s nearer by half.
* The bananas are not ripe yet.
* These oranges are too unripe.
* I don’t want the eggs too much cooked.
* I want to eat the oysters raw.
* There are a great many water-buffaloes.
* There are very few goats.
* He is a clever fellow.
* You are careless.
* Chí-kâi-nâng kûiⁿ.
* Uá pí-i kèng-kẽ.
* Hṳ́-chiah-gû pûi.
* Chí-chiah-iêⁿ sán.
* Chí-kâi-sùaⁿ khah-tn̂g.
* Soh khah-tó; m̄-kàu-ēng.
* Chí-tsō-tshù khuah-tsãi.
* Lōu khah-oi̍h; m̄-hó-kiàⁿ.
* Chí-kâi kau-íⁿ khiàng.
* Chí-kâi tshn̂g iáu-lám.
* I kâi sin-thói tsàng-tsãi.
* Uá pí-i kèng nńg-jia̍k.
* Chí-kâi tshn̂g-pòu tâm.
* Pha̍k-ta chiũ khie̍h--lâi.
* Chí-kâi chie̍h-thâu tōiⁿ-tsãi.
* Uá kâi chím-thâu nap.
* Lṳ́ kâi-chhiú nah-sap.
* Tie̍h sói chheng-khih.
* Aìⁿ sie-tsúi.
* Màiⁿ ēng chhìn-tsúi.
* Gūa-hái chhim-tsãi.
* Lãi-khoi iáu-chhién.
* Tsúi-lōu hñg-tsãi.
* Le̍k-lōu kṳ̃n che̍k-ûe.
* Keng-chie būe-se̍k.
* Chí-kâi kaⁿ khah-chheⁿ.
* Koi-nñg màiⁿ-khah se̍k.
* Chí-kâi-ô uá àiⁿ-chia̍h tsò-chheⁿ.
* Tsúi-gû tsōi-tsãi.
* Suaⁿ-iêⁿ chié-chié.
* I sĩ mêng-pe̍h kâi-nâng.
* Lṳ́ si hû-thû kâi-nâng.
Cite error: <ref> tags exist for a group named "errata", but no corresponding <references group="errata"/> tag was found
# Elementary Lessons In The Swatow Dialect/Preface

Probably authored by John Campbell Gibson
These very elementary lessons are reprinted for private use from Mr. Giles’ “Handbook of the Swatow Dialect,” with very little change other than the substitution of an exact system of spelling and marking the tones. In a few cases a word or a phrase has been changed where this seemed necessary, but no attempt has been made at an independent revision of the whole. In the Vocabulary numerals have been inserted referring to the pages of Dr. Carstairs Douglas’ ”Dictionary of the Amoy Vernacular,” in the hope of inducing beginners to accustom themselves from the first to make use of its stores of information. It will be found that over six-tenths of the words of the Swatow dialect remain unaltered in spelling and tone-mark as written in the Amoy Dictionary; while many of the remainder are easily recognised under more or less altered forms. It is to be understood, therefore, that a reference to a certain page of Dr. Douglas’ Dictionary does not necessarily imply that the word will be found there unchanged. In two or three cases out of ten it will be found in a form more or less modified, and the beginner must at first trust to the meaning as a guide to the particular word required. After a time certain laws of change will show themselves, a knowledge of which will make it easy to find without assistance the Amoy analogue of almost any Swatow word.
Dr. Douglas’ Dictionary is so extraordinarily full and accurate,—far surpassing in these respects ​anything yet attempted in Chinese lexicography,—that it will amply repay the labour that may be spent in acquiring familiarity with it. Of course reference must always be made to reliable native scholars to ascertain differences in sound or usage between the two dialects.
The manner of using the Vocabulary will be seen from the following example:—“Doctor ui-seng, 161a416b”
Here the word “ui” will be found in the form “i” on p. 161, in the first column, as indicated by the letter a; while “seng” will be found unchanged in the second column, b, of p. 416.
Occasionally the mark, —, occurs, indicating that no analogue has been found in the Amoy dictionary for the syllable referred to.
S.S. “Rosetta.” Oct. 1881.
J. C. G.
# Elementary Lessons In The Swatow Dialect/Lesson 8

Probably authored by John Campbell Gibson
* One dollar.
* A dollar and a half.
* Half a dollar.
* Over a dollar.
* This “ngṳ̂n” is very difficult to pronounce.
* Practise it, and it will not be difficult. [easier.
* When one is accustomed to hearing it, it is
* A dollar is divided into ten sek (Chinese).
* One sek is divided into ten cents.
* Ten dollars and sixty-six cents.
* One tael.
* One tael is equal to about a dollar and a half.
* Nine mace.
* Nine cash.
* One tael, seven mace, six candareens.
* What is a dollar worth now in cash?
* It is worth one thousand and eighty cash.
* How much wages do you want a month?
* I want four dollars a month.
* This is too much.
* If I find my own food, it’s not very much.
* Of course you find yourself.
* I can’t take less (or do it for less.)
* Have you ever done this work before?
* I have done a little.
* You ought not to spend this money.
* You ought to send it home.
* Does he gamble?
* I fancy he does.
* If he gambles I shall not employ him.
* You tell him what I say.
* He says he won’t dare do so again.
* Che̍k-kâi-ngṳ̂n.
* Kâi-pùaⁿ-ngṳ̂n.
* Pùaⁿ-kâi-ngṳ̂n.
* Kâi-gūa-ngṳ̂n.
* Chí-kâi “ngṳ̂n”--jī kan-khóu-tàⁿ.
* Liēn-tàⁿ chiũ bõi oh.
* Thiaⁿ kùiⁿ-sì chiũ iáu-kōi-tàⁿ.
* Che̍k-kâi-ngṳ̂n pun-tsò tsa̍p-sek.
* Che̍k-sek pun-tsò tsa̍p-hun.
* Tsa̍p-kâi la̍k-sek la̍k-hun.
* Che̍k-niéⁿ-ngṳ̂n.
* Che̍k-niéⁿ tsha-put-to ũ kâi-pùaⁿ-ngṳ̂n.
* Káu-chîⁿ.
* Káu-kâi chîⁿ.
* Che̍k-niéⁿ chhit-chîⁿ la̍k-hun.
* Hīn-tsãi che̍k-kâi-ngṳ̂n táu jie̍h-tsōi chîⁿ?
* Táu che̍k-tshoiⁿ lân poih-tsa̍p-chîⁿ.
* Lṳ́ che̍k-kâi-gue̍h àiⁿ-jie̍h-tsōi kang-chîⁿ?
* Che̍k-kâi-gue̍h àiⁿ sì-kâi-ngṳ̂n.
* Khah-tsōi.
* Chia̍h ka-kī bõi--tsōi.
* Tiāⁿ-tie̍h chia̍h ka-kī.
* Kiám tsò-m̄-tit.
* Tshông-tsôiⁿ lṳ́ pat tsò chí-kâi-kang a m̄-pat?
* Pat lân-ló.
* Chí-kâi-chîⁿ lṳ́ m̄-eng-kai sái.
* Eng-kai kià khṳ̀-tshù.
* I ũ pua̍h-chîⁿ a-bô?
* Uá phah-sǹg ũ.
* I ũ pua̍h-chîⁿ uá m̃ àiⁿ-ēng i.
* Lṳ̀ kāng-i-tàⁿ chí-kâi-ūe.
* I tàⁿ ãu-lâi m̄-káⁿ pua̍h.
# Elementary Lessons In The Swatow Dialect/Lesson 3

Probably authored by John Campbell Gibson
* What o'clock is it?
* Half past ten.
* Come back at four o'clock.
* Tell him to wait.
* Come tomorrow morning.
* At what o’clock do you dine?
* Near about the time of noon.
* It’s rather hot today.
* It’s not very hot.
* It was very hot yesterday.
* Today is hotter than yesterday.
* Next month will be cold.
* Tomorrow is the end of the month.
* It was very cold last night.
* It’s sure to be cold at night.
* There was a typhoon some days ago.
* Is there any wind now?
* It’s raining now.
* Bring me an umbrella.
* It ought not to be raining at this time.
* Are there any people in the street?
* I want to go out in the afternoon.
* Tell the coolies to come and carry the chair.
* Are there any horses here?
* I fancy (lit. reckon) they are not very good.
* I don’t dare go out in the day time,
* It’s too hot.
* Call someone to pull the punkah.
* You needn’t pull it.
* I am in a perspiration.
* That doesn’t matter.
* I'm afraid I shall catch cold.
* Ũ kúi-tiám-cheng?
* Ũ tsa̍p-tiám-pùaⁿ.
* Sì-tiám-cheng chiũ-hó tńg--lâi.
* Hàm i tán--chē.
* Mùa-mn̂g-khí--lâi.
* Lṳ́ kúi-tiám-cheng chia̍h-pn̄g?
* Tsha-put-to ji̍t-tàu kâi sî-hāu.
* Kim-ji̍t tshó-lia̍k-zua̍h.
* Bô mih-zua̍h.
* Tsa-ji̍t zua̍h-tsãi.
* Kim-ji̍t pí tsa-ji̍t kèng-zua̍h.
* Aũ-kâi-gue̍h chhìn.
* Mùa-khí kàu-gue̍h.
* Tsa-mêⁿ chhìn-tsãi.
* Mêⁿ--kùa tiāⁿ-tie̍h chhìn.
* Kúi-ji̍t-tsôiⁿ ũ huang-thai.
* Chí-tsûn ũ-huang a-bô?
* Chí-tsûn ũ-lo̍h hõu.
* Khie̍h ki hõu-sùaⁿ--lâi.
* Chí-kâi sî-hāu m̄-eng-kai lo̍h-hõu.
* Koi-lōu ũ-nâng a-bô?
* Ẽ-kùa uá àiⁿ tshut-khṳ̀.
* Hàm kha-siàu lài kng-kiē.
* Chí-kò ũ-bé a-bô?
* Uá phah-sǹg bô-mih-hó.
* Ji̍t--kùa uá m̄-káⁿ tshut--lˆī.
* Khah-zua̍h.
* Hàm--nâng lâi túi-huang.
* Mín-ēng túi.
* Uá lâu-kūaⁿ.
* Chí-kâi bô iàu-kín.
* Khióng-ùi sieⁿ-huang.
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# Elementary Lessons In The Swatow Dialect/Lesson 4

Probably authored by John Campbell Gibson
* What is this?
* This is butter.
* Is there any fruit?
* There are two kinds.
* What kinds?
* There are plantains and pineapples.
* Are there any other kinds?
* There are no other kinds.
* Bring me a light.
* Have any letters come?
* Where did this letter come from?
* This came from the Tek-kee hong.
* Is there any answer?
* There is no answer.
* Bring me a chair.
* Put it on the table.
* When did this come?
* When did you come?
* Bring me a pen and ink.
* There is a pencil up-stairs.
* Is there anyone down-stairs?
* This house has seven rooms.
* Has it a garden?
* It has a small one.
* Where is your master?
* He is out for a walk.
* When will he be back?
* He didn’t say.
* Is your mistress at home?
* She went out with my master,
* When your master comes, tell him,
* I will come again tomorrow.
* Chí-kâi sĩ sĩ-mih-mue̍h?
* Chí-kâi sĩ gû-nîⁿ-iû.
* Ũ kúeⁿ-chí a-bô?
* Ũ nõ-iēⁿ.
* Ũ sĩ-mih-iēⁿ?
* Ũ keng-chie kũa huan-lâi.
* Hûan-ũ pa̍t-iēⁿ a-bô?
* Bô pa̍t-iēⁿ.
* Khie̍h-húe--lâi.
* Ũ-sìn--lâi a-bô?
* Chí-kâi-sìn sĩ tî-kò-lâi?
* Chí-kâi sĩ Tek-kì-hâng--lâi-kâi.
* Ũ hûe-jī a-bô?
* Bô hûe-jī.
* Taⁿ kau-íⁿ--lâi.
* Pàng tõ-tshn̂g-téng.
* Chí-kâi-mue̍h tiâng-sî lâi?
* Lṳ́ tî-sî-lâi?
* Khie̍h pit-ba̍k--lâi.
* Lâu-téng ũ în-pit.
* Lâu-ẽ ũ-nâng-tõ a-bô?
* Chí-kâi tshù ũ chhit-koiⁿ pâng.
* Ũ hue-hn̂g a-bô?
* Ũ sòi-kâi.
* Lṳ́ kâi thâu-ke tõ-tî-kò?
* I tshut-khṳ̀-kháu kîn-kiâⁿ--chē.
* Tiâng-sî àiⁿ-tńg--lâi?
* I bô-tàⁿ.
* Thâu-ke-niêⁿ ũ-tõ a-bô?
* Kāng thâu-ke tsò-pû tshut--khṳ̀.
* Thâu-ke lâi lṳ́ kāng-i-tàⁿ,
* Uá tán mùa-khí--lâi.
# Elementary Lessons In The Swatow Dialect/Lesson 5

Probably authored by John Campbell Gibson
* What does he say?
* He says he has no money.
* Give him a little.
* Can you read?
* I can’t read.
* Request the teacher to come.
* What is your honourable name?
* (To an inferior.) What is your name?
* Can you talk Chinese?
* I can.
* I am a Chinaman.
* He is an Englishman.
* You are not a native of the place.
* He is a man from Swatow.
* There are plenty of Chinamen at Singapore.
* Do you like this place? (lit. is it good?)
* Do you like being here?
* I do (like it).
* Tell him to go back.
* Seize this man.
* Has he been doing anything wrong?
* He is a thief.
* What has he stolen?
* He has stolen nothing just now.
* Has he struck anybody?
* He has; he’s a dangerous man.
* He has been doing something wrong.
* He ought to be punished.
* Take him to prison for a fortnight.
* Afterwards give him twenty blows.
* When he has been beaten, let him go.
* Warn him not to get into trouble (again).
* I tàⁿ sĩ-mih-ūe?
* I tàⁿ i bô-chîⁿ.
* Pun i lân-ló.
* Lṳ́ pat-jī a m̄-pat?
* Uá m̄-pat-jī.
* Chhiáⁿ sin-seⁿ--lâi.
* Kùi-sèⁿ?
* Lṳ́ sèⁿ mih-kâi?
* Lṳ́ pat-tàⁿ Tn̂g-nâng-ūe--mé?
* Pat.
* Uá sĩ Tn̂g-nâng.
* I sĩ Eng-kok kâi-nâng.
* Lṳ́ m̄-sì pńg-tī-nâng.
* I sĩ Sùaⁿ-thâu--lâi kâi-nâng.
* Si̍t-la̍t ũ tsōi-tsōi Tn̂g-nâng.
* Chí-kâi tī-hng hó m̄-hó?
* Lṳ́ tõ chí-kò huaⁿ-hí--mé?
* Huaⁿ-hí.
* Hàm-i tńg--khṳ̀.
* Lia̍h chí-kâi-nâng.
* I ũ-tsò m̄-hó kâi-sṳ̄ a-bô?
* I sĩ tsha̍t.
* Ũ thau-khie̍h sĩ-mih-mue̍h?
* Chí-tsûn bô thau-khie̍h sĩ-mih-mue̍h.
* Ũ phah-nâng a-bô?
* Ũ; i sĩ lì-hāi kâi nâng.
* I ũ-tsũe.
* Eng-kai phōiⁿ i kâi-tsũe.
* Lia̍h i khṳ̀-kìm tsa̍p-sì-ji̍t.
* Aũ-lâi phah-i jī-tsa̍p-ē.
* Phah-liáu pàng i khṳ̀.
* Kéng-kài i; hàm i màiⁿ zũan-tsò.
# Elementary Lessons In The Swatow Dialect/Lesson 9

Probably authored by John Campbell Gibson
* How much is this?
* How„ much„ is„ this„ (Lit. at what price do you sell this?)
* It’s too dear.
* I shan’t buy it.
* Have you any cheap ones?
* This is cheaper.
* There is a proverb which says:—
* Good things are not cheap:
* Cheap things are not good.
* This is business talk.
* You want to sell dear,
* So of course you say this.
* Have you any better ones?
* Bring them (for me) to see.
* If suitable, I shall buy.
* If they are a little dear, it won't matter.
* This is the best of its kind.
* There is nothing to compare with it.
* I think it’s imitation.
* It isn’t: it’s genuine,
* I am afraid it’s too old.
* This is no use.
* You don’t understand goods (i. e., know good from bad).
* He wants too much money.
* Tradesmen (or merchants) are not just.
* They all try to cheat people.
* There is another proverb which says:—
* Traders are three-parts (in ten) thieves.
* Don’t you get in a rage,
* I have a proverb which says:—
* If you keep your temper, you will get rich,
* Ah! you've no principle!
* Chí-kâi jie̍h-tsōi chîⁿ?
* Chí kâi mue̍h bōi sĩ-mih-kè?
* Khah-kùi.
* Uá m̃-bói.
* Ũ phiⁿ--kâi a-bô?
* Chí-kâi kèng-phiⁿ.
* Ũ che̍k-kù so̍k-gṳ́ tàⁿ;—
* Pân-gî bô hó-hùe,
* Hó-hùe bô pân-gî.
* Chí-kâi sĩ seng-lí-ūe.
* Lṳ́ àiⁿ bōi-kùi,
* Tiāⁿ-tie̍h tàⁿ chí-kâi ūe.
* Hûan-ũ iáwu-hó--kâi a-bô?
* Khie̍h lâi-thóiⁿ.
* Ha̍h-ì uá chiũ bói.
* Kùi lân-ló bô chhiet-iàu.
* Chí-kâi siãng-téng-hó.
* Bô pa̍t-kâi hó-pí.
* Uá thóiⁿ sĩ-ké.
* M̄-sĩ; sĩ chin--kâi.
* Kiaⁿ-ùi khah-kū.
* Chí-kâi bô-ēng.
* Lṳ́ m̄-hiáu-hùe.
* I thó khah-tsōi chîⁿ.
* Tsò seng-lí-nâng bô kong-tãu.
* Lóng-tsóng àiⁿ tshuah-nâng.
* Hûan-ũ so̍k-gṳ́ tàⁿ,
* Tsò seng-lí saⁿ-hūn tsha̍t.
* Lṳ́ màiⁿ seⁿ-khì.
* Uá ũ so̍k-gṳ́ tàⁿ;—
* Lún-khì seⁿ-tshâi.
* Aī! lṳ́ chin m̄-hiáu-lí!
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# Elementary Lessons In The Swatow Dialect/Vocabulary

Probably authored by John Campbell Gibson
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# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Sir Robert Ayton

See also Robert Aytoun on Wikipedia; Robert Aytoun on Wikipedia, Sir Robert Aytoun in the 11th edition; and the disclaimer.
​AYTON, Sir Robert (1570-1638), a Scottish lyrical poet, the second son of Andrew Ayton of Kinaldie in Fifeshire, was educated at the University of St Andrews, and seems afterwards to have resided for several years in France, where he gained considerable reputation as a poet and scholar. On the accession of James VI. in 1603, Ayton published a very elegant Latin panegyric, which at once brought him into notice and favour at court. He was knighted by the king, and held various important offices, particularly that of private secretary to the queen. He was of an exceedingly amiable disposition, and was much beloved by his contemporaries; even Ben Jonson, who criticised all other poets so severely, seems to have made an exception in his favour, for he told Drummond that Sir Robert loved him dearly. Ayton's extant works consist of some Latin poems, and of a few pieces in the English dialect, which are distinguished by smoothness of rhythm and delicacy of fancy. His best ode, Inconstancy Reproved, beginning, "I do confess thou'rt smooth and fair," may take rank with the finest pieces of Herrick or Suckling, while a few others are but little inferior. His poems have been collected and published by C. Rogers (Edin. 1844).
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Sophonisba Angussola

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​ANGUSSOLA, or Angosciola, Sophonisba, one of the best portrait painters of the latter half of the 16th century, was born at Cremona in 1533, and died at Genoa in 1620. In 1560, at the invitation of Philip II., she visited the court of Madrid, where her portraits elicited great commendation. Vandyck is said to have declared that he had derived more knowledge of the true principles of his art from her conversation than from any other source. She painted several fine portraits of herself, one of which is now at Althorp. A few specimens of her painting are to be seen at Florence and Madrid. She had three sisters, who were also celebrated artists.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Sir Simonds D'Ewes

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​D'EWES, SIR SIMONDS (1602-1650), antiquarian, chronicler, and collector of historical records, was born at Coxden, in the parish of Chardstock, in Dorsetshire, on the 18th December 1602. His father, one of the six clerks of Chancery, possessed a large official income, and gave him a liberal education at the grammar-school of Bury St Edmxmds, and at St John s College, Cambridge. Called to the bar in 1623, he did not enter upon practice, being possessed of independent means, and having already resolved to devote himself to historical research. His in tention seems to have been to compile a history of Britain from original documents, and in endeavouring to carry it out he spent much of his time in examining historical records, which he describes as " the most ravishing and satisfying part of human knowledge," in the Tower of London and elsewhere. The chief results of this labour were his valuable collection of records originals and tran scripts which now form part of the Harleian collection in the British Museum, and his Journals of all the Parliaments in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, which, though completed in ​1629, was first published by his nephew, Paul Bowes, in 1682. His means had been considerably increased by his marriage with an heiress in 1626, soon after which he pro cured the honour of knighthood. One of his many foibles was a desire to establish for himself an aristocratic lineage, and his efforts to do this, in spite of the fact he is forced to admit, that he does not know who his great-grandfather was, are very amusing. In 1639 he became high sheriff of Suffolk, and in 1641 he was made a baronet. In the inter vening year he entered the Long Parliament as member for Sudbury. Here he obtained a peculiar place for him self by his whimsicality, and his parade of his knowledge of records, which he quoted at first in nearly every debate, sometimes relevantly, but oftener not. He was treated for a time with a sort of amused tolerance, but ultimately his innumerable interferences with the conduct of business had to be checked. He was not a very warm adherent of the cause of the Parliament against the king. Belonging to the Presbyterian section of the Puritan party, he was excluded from the House of Commons by " Pride s Purge " in 1648. He died on the 18th April 1650. The Autobiography and Correspondence of Sir Simonds D'Ewes, edited by J. O. Halliwell, was published in 1845, and possesses considerable historical value. Much more important, how ever, are his manuscript notes of the Long Parliament, describing its sittings between 1640 and 1645 with great graphic power and minuteness of detail. They form five volumes of the Harleian manuscripts in the British Museum, and have been largely drawn upon by John Forster and other writers on the period of the Long Parliament.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Sir Thomas Makdougall Brisbane

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BRISBANE, Sir Thomas Makdougall, a distinguished soldier and astronomer, was born in 1773 at Brisbane in Ayrshire. He entered the army in 1789, and served in Flanders, the West Indies, and the Peninsula. In 1814 he was sent to North America ; on the return of Napoleon from Elba he was recalled, but did not arrive in time to take part at the battle of Waterloo. From 1818 to 1821 he was military commander in the South of Ireland. He was then appointed governor of New South Wales, an office which he held for four years. During that time he devoted himself most earnestly to the colony under his charge; he introduced new plants and breeds of animals, encouraged the reclaiming of waste lands, and even raised the status of the convicts by his wise measure of granting tickets-of- leave for good conduct. While in Australia he occupied himself in astronomical researches, erected a large obser vatory, and catalogued 7385 stars scarcely before known. The Royal Society awarded him their Copley medal for this work, The Brisbane Catalogue of Stars. After his return he resided chiefly at Makerstoun in Roxburghshire, where he had a large and admirably equipped observatory. Three volumes of his observations were printed in the Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, In 1836 he was made a baronet and K.C.B.; and in 1841 he became general. He received the degree of D.C.L. from Oxford, and was elected president of the Royal Society of Edin burgh after the death of Sir Walter Scott. Sir Thomas died on the 31st January 1860. He founded two gold medals for the encouragement of scientific research, one in the award of the Royal Society, the other in that of the Society of Arts.
# Essays (Michel de Montaigne)

English-language translations of Essais include:
* Montaigne's Essays by John Florio (1603)
* The Essays of Montaigne by Charles Cotton (1686), revised and edited by William Hazlitt (1877)
# Essays On The Gita

Madras: V. Ramaswamy Sastrulu & Sons.
CONTENTS
PAGE. :
| 1. Our demand and need from the Gita | 1 |
| 2. The Divine teacher | 12 |
| 3. The human disciple | 23 |
| 4. The core of the teaching | 35 |
| 5. Kurukshetra | 48 |
| 6. Man and the battle of life | 58 |
| 7. The creed of the Aryan fighter | 70 |
| 8. Sankhya and Yoga | 84 |
| 9. Sankhya Yoga and Vedanta | 102 |
| 10. The Yoga of the intelligent Will | 119 |
| 11. Works and sacrifice | 133 |
| 12. The significance of sacrifice | 145 |
| 13. The Lord of the sacrifice | 158 |
| 14. The principle of Divine works | 171 |
| 15. The possibility and purpose of Avatarhood | 186 |
| 16. The process of Avatarhood | 203 |
| 17. The Divine birth and Divine works | 216 |
| 18. The Divine worker | 227 |
| 19. Equality | 241 |
| 20. Equality and knowledge | 257 |
| 21. The determinism of Nature | 272 |
| 22. Beyond the modes of Nature | 288 |
| 23. Nirvana and works in the world | 301 |
| 24. The gist of the Karmayoga | 318 |
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