OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Padua, John of

​PADUA, JOHN of (fl. 1542–1549), architect, received two royal grants, in 1544 and in 1549 respectively. In the earlier grant an annual wage or fee of two shillings per day was given to ‘our well-beloved servant Johannes de Padua,’ ‘in consideration of the good and faithful service which [he] has done and intends to do to us in architecture and in other inventions in music.’ The fee was to commence from the feast of Easter in the thirty-fourth year of Henry VIII; and he is further described as ‘Devizer of his majesty's buildings.’ Walpole states that ‘in one of the office books which I have quoted there is a payment to him of 36l. 10s.;’ but this book has not been identified. No documentary evidence of any work to which his name can be attached seems accessible, although it is clear, from the terms of these grants, that both Henry VIII and Edward VI benefited by his skill in architecture as well as in music. Attempts have been made to identify him with Sir John Thynne [q. v.] of Longleat, John Thorpe [q. v.], the leading architect of the Elizabethan period, and Dr. John Caius or Keys (1510–1573) [q. v.] of Cambridge, but the results reached as yet may safely be ignored. Canon J. E. Jackson claimed that Henry VIII's Johannes de Padua was identical either with John Padovani of Verona, a musician (who published several works on mathematics, architecture, &c., between 1563 and 1589), or with Giovanni or John Maria Padovani of Venice, a designer in architecture and musician.
[Rymer's Fœdera, fol. 1713, xv. 34, gives the patent 36 Henry VIII, p. 21, m. 30, and the patent 3 Edward VI, p. 4, n. 21, in xv. 34; Walpole's Anecdotes of Painting, 4to, 1762; Jackson, in Wiltshire Archæological and Natural History Magazine, 1886, vol. xxiii.; Builder, 20 June 1868. Adam Gielgud, in a paper on ‘Cracow,’ mentions the buildings there by ‘a’ or ‘the’ John of Padua; see English Illustrated Magazine, November 1889.]
W. P.-h.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Pagan, James

​PAGAN, JAMES (1811–1870), journalist, son of James Pagan and Elizabeth Blackstock, was born on 18 Oct. 1811 at Trailflat, in the parish of Tinwald, near Dumfries, where his father was a bleacher. The family removed to Dumfries shortly after James's birth, and he received a sound education at the academy of that town. On leaving school he was apprenticed as a compositor in the office of the ‘Dumfries Courier,’ and afterwards became a reporter for the paper. He ​soon left to become partner in a printing firm in London; but in 1839 he settled in Glasgow on the staff of the ‘Glasgow Herald,’ and also edited a little broadsheet, ‘The Prospective Observer.’
In 1856 he was appointed successor to George Outram [q. v.] as editor of the ‘Glasgow Herald,’ which he converted from a tri-weekly into a daily paper. Under his editorship the ‘Herald’ became one of the first provincial daily papers. Pagan died in Glasgow on 11 Feb. 1870.
In 1841 Pagan married Ann McNight-Kerr, a native of Dumfries, and a personal friend of Robert Burns's widow, Jean Armour. He had three sons (two of whom died in infancy) and two daughters.
Pagan was a devoted student of Glasgow history and antiquities, and published: 1. ‘Sketches of the History of Glasgow,’ 8vo, Glasgow, 1847. 2. ‘History of the Cathedral and See of Glasgow,’ 8vo, Glasgow, 1851. 3. ‘Glasgow Past and Present; illustrated in Dean of Guild Reports …,’ 2 vols. 8vo, Glasgow, 1851 (vol. iii. published in 1856; another edition, 3 vols 4to, Glasgow, 1884). 4. ‘Old Glasgow and its Environs,’ 8vo, Glasgow, 1864. 5. ‘Relics of Ancient Architecture and other Picturesque Scenes in Glasgow,’ thirty drawings by Thomas Fairbairn. With letterpress description by James Pagan and James H. Stoddart, folio, Glasgow, 1885.
G. S-h.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Paddock, Tom

​PADDOCK, TOM (1823?–1863), pugilist, was born probably in 1823 at Redditch, Worcestershire, whence he obtained his sobriquet of the ‘Redditch needle-pointer.’ A burly pugnacious farmer's boy, he developed a taste for boxing, and became a strong, enduring, and resolute fighter, but never attained to the first rank as a scientific boxer. When his professional career commenced in 1844 his height was five feet ten and a half inches, and his fighting weight was twelve stone. In 1844 he beat Parsons, and, meeting various men soon afterwards, acquired a reputation for staunch courage. In 1850 he was defeated by Bendigo (William Thompson of Nottingham), a very shifty performer, who was declared winner in consequence of a foul blow which his conduct had invited. Five years later Paddock was declared to be champion of England through default of Harry Broome, but forfeited the position next year (1856) to Bill Perry (the Tipton Slasher). He made two unsuccessful attempts to regain the honour. Paddock was long ambitious to fight Sayers, who was ready to meet him; but when the meeting was in process of arrangement, Paddock fell ill. Sayers visited him in the hospital, and, learning that he was poor, generously gave him 5l. On his recovery he renewed his application to fight Sayers for the champion​ship; but being unable to raise the usual stake of 200l., he appealed to his opponent to waive 50l., a request which was at once granted. The fight came off in 1858, and Paddock was defeated in twenty-one rounds, which occupied an hour and twenty minutes. It is worthy of record that in the last round Sayers, having delivered a crushing blow with his left, had drawn back his right hand to complete the victory; but seeing his adversary staggering forward at his mercy, instead of hitting he offered his right hand in friendship, and led him to his seconds, who accepted defeat. Paddock's last fight took place in 1860. His opponent was the gigantic Sam Hurst, who gained the victory by a chance blow.
Paddock died of heart-disease on 30 June 1863, leaving a reputation for straightforward conduct, ‘real gameness, and determined perseverance against all difficulties.’
W. B-t.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Pagan, Isobel

​PAGAN, ISOBEL (d. 1821), versifier, a native of New Cumnock, Ayrshire, passed her life mainly in the neighbourhood of Muirkirk in that county. She lived alone, in a hut previously used as a brick-store, and seems to have conducted unchallenged an unlicensed traffic in spirituous liquor. Convivial companions frequently caroused with her in the evenings, and enjoyed her singing and recitation of verses by herself and others. Lame from infancy, she was an exceedingly ungainly woman, and she was misanthropical both from temperament and slighted affections. Offenders dreaded her vituperation. Her quaint character and her undoubted abilities kept her popular, and secured her the means of livelihood. She died on 3 Nov. 1821, probably in her eightieth year, and was buried in Muirkirk churchyard, where an inscribed stone marks her grave.
A ‘Collection of Songs and Poems’ by Isobel Pagan was published in Glasgow about 1805. These uncouth lyrics consist largely of personal tributes and references to sport on the autumn moors, in which the singer delighted. Her name lives, however, because legend credits her with the songs ‘Ca' the Yowes to the Knowes’ and the ‘Crook and Plaid,’ which are not in her volume. Burns, who had the former song taken down in 1787 from the singing of the Rev. Mr. Clunie, seems to have revised and finished it for Johnson's ‘Musical Museum’ (iv. 249, 316, ed. 1853). Cunningham (Songs of Scotland, iii. 276) recklessly attributes it to ‘a gentleman of the name of Pagan,’ of whom there is no trace; Struthers, in ‘Harp of Caledonia,’ gives Isobel Pagan as the author; and the original form of the lyric is presumably hers. If, as seems to be unquestioned, she was capable of the ‘Crook and Plaid’—a simple and dainty pastoral, not to be confounded with H. S. Riddell's song with the same title—she clearly possessed qualities that would have enabled her to compose ‘Ca' the Yowes to the Knowes.’
[Contemporaries of Burns, and the More Recent Poets of Ayrshire; Johnson's Musical Museum; Rogers's Scottish Minstrel.]
T. B.
# Don Quixote/Volume 2/Dedication
### Dedication of Part II

TO THE COUNT OF LEMOS:
These days past, when sending Your Excellency my plays, that had appeared in print before being shown on the stage, I said, if I remember well, that Don Quixote was putting on his spurs to go and render homage to Your Excellency. Now I say that "with his spurs, he is on his way." Should he reach destination methinks I shall have rendered some service to Your Excellency, as from many parts I am urged to send him off, so as to dispel the loathing and disgust caused by another Don Quixote who, under the name of Second Part, has run masquerading through the whole world. And he who has shown the greatest longing for him has been the great Emperor of China, who wrote me a letter in Chinese a month ago and sent it by a special courier. He asked me, or to be truthful, he begged me to send him Don Quixote, for he intended to found a college where the Spanish tongue would be taught, and it was his wish that the book to be read should be the History of Don Quixote. He also added that I should go and be the rector of this college. I asked the bearer if His Majesty had afforded a sum in aid of my travel expenses. He answered, "No, not even in thought."
"Then, brother," I replied, "you can return to your China, post haste or at whatever haste you are bound to go, as I am not fit for so long a travel and, besides being ill, I am very much without money, while Emperor for Emperor and Monarch for Monarch, I have at Naples the great Count of Lemos, who, without so many petty titles of colleges and rectorships, sustains me, protects me and does me more favour than I can wish for."
Thus I gave him his leave and I beg mine from you, offering Your Excellency the "Trabajos de Persiles y Sigismunda," a book I shall finish within four months, Deo volente, and which will be either the worst or the best that has been composed in our language, I mean of those intended for entertainment; at which I repent of having called it the worst, for, in the opinion of friends, it is bound to attain the summit of possible quality. May Your Excellency return in such health that is wished you; Persiles will be ready to kiss your hand and I your feet, being as I am, Your Excellency's most humble servant.
From Madrid, this last day of October of the year one thousand six hundred and fifteen.
At the service of Your Excellency:
MIGUEL DE CERVANTES SAAVEDRA
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Latin/Cucumis

Edition of 1802.
​Cucumis, Cucumber; C. Anguria, Water Melon; C. Colocynthus, Coloquintida; C. melo, Common Melon; C. sativa, Common Cucumber.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Latin/Curculio

Edition of 1802.
​Curculio granarius, Corn-chafer.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Latin/Crambe

Edition of 1802.
​Crambe, Sea Kale; C. maritima, Cliff-Cale.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Latin/Crotolaria

Edition of 1802.
​Crotolaria juncea, Chinese Hemp.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Latin/Cucubalus

Edition of 1802.
​Cucubalus Behen, Spatling Poppy.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Latin/Cuculus

Edition of 1802.
​Cuculus canorus, CommonCuckow.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Latin/Corallina

Edition of 1802.
​Corallina, Coral.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Latin/Cornus

Edition of 1802.
​Cornus sanguinea, Wild Cornel-tree; C. suecica, Dwarf Cornel.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Latin/Cratægus

Edition of 1802.
​Cratægus, Hawthorn; C. Aria, White-beam Hawthorn; C. Oxyacantha, White-thorn; C. torminalis, Wild Service-tree.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Latin/Cupressus

Edition of 1802.
​Cupressus semper-virens, Common Cypress-tree.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Prichard, Evan

Evan Pritchard in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
​PRICHARD, RICHARDS, or RHISIART, EVAN (1770–1832), Welsh poet, usually called ‘Ieuan Llayn,’ born in 1770, was son of Richard Thomas Evan of Ty Mawr in the parish of Bryn Croes, Carnarvonshire, and his wife Mari Siarl (Charles). Both his mother and her father, Siarl Marc, were writers of Welsh verse. Evan began life as a schoolmaster at Llan Gian, near his home; he afterwards kept school at Llan Ddeiniolen in the same county. In 1795 his parents emigrated to America, whereupon he became an excise officer, and until 1812 lived chiefly in England. In the latter year he returned to Ty Mawr, then occupied by his uncle, Lewis Siarl, and for the rest of his life conducted a travelling school in the neighbouring parishes. He married his cousin, Mary Robert Thomas, by whom he had three children, and died on 14 Aug. 1832.
Prichard was a versatile writer in all forms of Welsh verse. He wrote much for the periodicals of his time, and edited the ‘Eurgrawn,’ of which some numbers appeared at Carnarvon in 1800. His best known poems are the ‘Ode on Belshazzar's Feast,’ that on the massacre of the bards, and the translation of ‘The Cottar's Saturday Night.’ A collected edition of his verse was published under the title ‘Caniadau Ieuan Lleyn’ at Pwllheli in 1878.
[Williams's Eminent Welshmen; Foulkes's Enwogion Cymru; Enwogion Lleyn, by O. J. Roberts (Sarn, 1884).]
J. E. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Price, Thomas (1599-1685)

​PRICE, THOMAS (1599–1685), archbishop of Cashel, was born in London, and educated at Trinity College, Dublin, where he graduated B.A. in 1623, M.A. in 1628, and was elected a fellow in 1626 (Todd, Graduates).
Price was ordained by William Bedell, and became archdeacon of Bedell's diocese of Kilmore. He was consecrated bishop of Kildare in Christ Church, Dublin, on 10 March 1660, and was translated to the archbishopric of Cashel on 20 May 1667. He was imbued with the views of Bedell as to the importance of making the Irish language that of the established church; he ordained some Irish-speaking ministers, and in 1678 he required service to be read in his cathedral from a folio Gaedhilic prayer-book presented to him by Dr. Andrew Sall [q. v.] He encouraged Dr. Sall in his edition of the Irish Testament, and had himself some acquaintance with the Irish language (Sall's letter to Boyle). He died at Cashel on 4 Aug. 1685.
N. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Price, William (1597-1646)

​PRICE, WILLIAM (1597–1646), divine, one of the Prices of Denbighshire, matriculated from Christ Church, Oxford, on 16 Oct. 1616, aged 19. He graduated B.A. and M.A. on 21 June 1619, and B.D. on 14 June 1628. Taking holy orders, he was, on 26 Sept. 1621, elected the first reader in moral philosophy on the foundation of Thomas White. On White's death in April 1624 Price pronounced his funeral oration, which was included in 'Schola Moralis Philosophiæ Oxon. in Funere Whiti pullata,' Oxford, 1624. In 1630 Price joined in a protest to the king on technical grounds against the appointment of Bishop Laud as chancellor of Oxford (Cal. State Papers, Dom. 1629-31 , p. 241). He was instituted on 10 Feb. 1631 to the rectory of Dolgelly, Merionethshire, where he died in 1646, and was buried in the church. He married Margaret, daughter of Robert Vaughan [q. v.] of Hengwrt, the antiquary.
A contemporary William Price (d. 1666), born in London, delivered before the lord mayor and aldermen at St. Paul's, Covent Garden, in 1642 a 'spittle sermon,' afterwards printed. He became pastor of a presbyterian church at Waltham Abbey, Essex, and was chosen one of the Westminster divines. He served on one of the committees, and took considerable part in the discussions. He was called from London on 9 Aug. 1648 by the presbyterian or reformed ​church of Amsterdam, and remained its pastor until his death in July 1666. He was author of two sermons (1646 and 1660), and of:
* 'Janitor Animae, or the Soule's Porter to cast out sinne and to keepe out sinne: a Treatise of the Feare of God,' London, 1638, 8vo.
* 'Triumphus Sapientiae: seu conciones aliquae in selecta Theologiae capita,' &c., Amsterdam, 1655, 12mo.
[For the elder Price see: Wood's Athenae Oxon. ii. 352; Fasti, ed. Bliss, i. 365, 388, 389; Foster's Alumni Oxon. (1500-1714); Le Neve's Fasti, ed. Hardy, iii. 522; Wood's Antiquities of the University of Oxford, ed. Gutch, ii. 873; Williams's Eminent Welsh-men, p. 423. For the younger Price see his Works; Mitchell's Minutes of the Westminster Assembly, and his Hist. of the same, xviii. 145, 162; Steven's Scottish Church, Rotterdam, p. 279; Wagenaar's Amsterdam, vii. 595.]
C. F. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Price, William (1780-1830)

​PRICE, WILLIAM (1780–1830), orientalist, born at Worcester in 1780, is said to have been a captain in the East India Company; but this is apparently a confusion with a contemporary William Price, who entered the service of the East India Company, became lieutenant in the 5th native regiment in Bengal on 1 Feb. 1807, captain 11 July 1823, and major 22 April 1831. Before 1815 he was appointed assistant-professor of Sanscrit, Bengalee, and Mahratta in the military college at Fort William, and in 1824 was professor of Hindustanee. He retired on 20 May 1834 (East India Lists, 1800–34; Dodwell and Miles, Indian Army Lists). Another William Price (d. 1835), commander R.N., fought at the battle of 1 June 1794, and subsequently saw much active service (United Service Journal, November 1835; Gent. Mag. 1835 ii. 556, 670–671, 1837 i. 445).
The orientalist was in 1810 appointed assistant secretary and interpreter to the embassy of Sir Gore Ouseley [q. v.] to Persia in 1811–12. Price kept a diary, and made hundreds of drawings, both of landscapes and buildings, and deciphered many cuneiform inscriptions. On his return to England he devoted himself to literary pursuits, and taught oriental tongues at the seminary of his friend, Alexander Humphreys, at Netherstone House, near Worcester. He set up a private printing-press in his house, and became a member of the Royal Society of London and the Asiatic Society of Calcutta. He died in June 1830.
Price published:
* ‘Dialogues Persans, composés pour l'auteur par Mirza Saulih de Chiraz,’ no date or place, republished, with an English translation, Worcester, 1822, 4to; and again as part iii. of
* ‘A Grammar of the Three Principal Oriental Languages, Hindoostanee, Persian, and Arabic, on a Plan entirely new,’ &c., London, 1823, 4to. ​
* ‘A Journal of the British Embassy to Persia, embellished with numerous Views taken in India and Persia; also a Dissertation upon the Antiquities of Persepolis,’ London, 1825, fol. Only one volume was published of this edition, but a second edition contained
* ‘Elements of Sanskrit, or an Easy Guide to the Indian Tongues,’ Worcester, 1827, 4to; London, 1832; illustrated by Price's own drawings.
* ‘A new Grammar of the Hindoostanee Language, issued under the auspices of the East India Company,’ London, 1828.
* ‘Husn oo Dil, or Beauty and Heart: an Allegory,’ Persian and English, translated by Price, London, 1828, 4to; dedicated to the Royal Asiatic Society.
* ‘Hindu and Hindoostanee Selections,’ from which copious material was drawn for the ‘Chants populaires de l'Inde’ of M. Garcin de Tassy [Paris, 1860], 8vo.
[Works above mentioned; Biographie Universelle (Suppl.); Annual Register, 1830, p. 266.]
C. F. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Price, William (d.1722)

Date of death 1709 according to the ODNB.
​PRICE, WILLIAM, the elder (d. 1722), glass-painter, was a pupil of Henry Gyles [q. v.], glass-painter at York, and his immediate successor and most able scholar in the art. He first gained some fame by a window representing the ‘Nativity of Christ,’ painted in 1696 from the designs of Sir James Thornhill [q. v.] for Christ Church, Oxford. In 1700 he painted the great east window for the chapel of Merton College in the same university, and in 1702 ‘The Life of Christ,’ in six compartments, for the same chapel. Price's work, which was mainly in enamelled glass, had some merit, although it lacked strength and durability, and was marred by an excessive use of yellow glass. Price died in 1722.
Joshua Price (fl. 1715–1717), glass-painter, brother and fellow-pupil of the above, also worked at Oxford, where he repaired the windows in Queen's College Chapel originally painted in 1518, and mutilated by the puritans during the civil wars. In 1715 he painted ‘The Holy Family’ for the same chapel, and in 1717 repaired the windows by Van Linge there and at Christ Church. He also painted the chiaroscuro figures of prophets and apostles in the chapel of Magdalen College.
William Price, the younger (d. 1765), glass-painter, son of Joshua Price, also attained some celebrity as a glass-painter. At New College, Oxford, he filled the windows with several pieces of stained glass, painted by artists of the Rubens school in Flanders, and acquired by Price there. These he repaired and supplemented to a large extent with glass of his own painting. In 1722 and 1735 Price was employed to fill some of the windows of Westminster Abbey at the national expense. He painted ‘The Genealogy of Christ’ for the chapel at Winchester College, ‘The Herbert Family’ for a closet at Wilton House, ‘The Resurrection’ for the bishop's palace at Gloucester, and executed several works in mosaic for Horace Walpole at Strawberry Hill. Price died a bachelor, in Kirby Street, Hatton Garden, London, on 16 July 1765. The works of the Price family are of considerable interest with regard to the history of glass-painting in England.
[Winston's Memoirs of the Art of Glass-painting; Westlake's Hist. of Design in Painted Glass, vol. iv.; Dallaway's Hist. of the Arts in England; Walpole's Anecd. of Painting; Davies's Walks through the City of York.]
L. C.
# Dreams & Dust/David to Bathsheba

VERY red are the roses of Sharon, But redder thy mouth, There is nard, there is myrrh, in En Gedi, From the uplands of Lebanon, heavy With balsam, the winds Drift freighted and scented and cedarn-- But thy mouth is more precious than spices!
Thy breasts are twin lilies of Kedron; White lilies, that sleep In the shallows where loitering Kedron Broadens out and is lost in the Jordan; Globed lilies, so white That David, thy King, thy beloved Declareth them meet for his gardens.
Under the stars very strangely The still waters gleam; Deep down in the waters of Hebron
The soul of the starlight is sunken, But deep in thine eyes Stirs a more wonderful secret Than pools ever learn of the starlight.
# Dreams & Dust/In Mars, What Avatar?

Published in the collection Dreams and Dust (1915).
"In Vishnu-land, what avatar?" --BROWNING.
PERCHANCE the dying gods of Earth Are destined to another birth, And worn-out creeds regain their worth In the kindly air of other stars-- What lords of life and light hold sway In the myriad worlds of the Milky Way? What avatars in Mars?
What Aphrodites from the seas That lap the plunging Pleiades Arise to spread afar The dream that was the soul of Greece? In Mars, what avatar?
Which hundred moons are wan with love For dull Endymions? Which hundred moons hang tranced above Audacious Ajalons?
What Holy Grail lures errants pale Through the wastes of yonder star? What fables sway the Milky Way? In Mars, what avatar?
When morning skims with crimson wings Across the meres of Mercury, What dreaming Memnon wakes and sings Of miracles on Mercury? What Christs, what avatars, Claim Mars?