OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Ven. Joseph Passerat

From volume 11 of the work.
Born 30 April, 1772, at Joinville, France; died 30 October, 1858. The difficulties he had to Surmount in following his vocation to the priesthood were great. He was driven from the seminary, imprisoned, and forced to serve in the army from 1788 to 1792. Owing to his lofty stature he was made drum-major, and later quarter-master. At the first opportunity he left the service and entered the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer in Warsaw. Bl. Clement M. Hofbauer (q. v.) trained him for the religious life and priesthood, and he in turn trained new-comers. Later with great difficulty owing to the circumstances of the times he established houses outside of Poland. After the death of Bl. Clement, Venerable Passerat succeeded him as vicar-general over all the transalpine communities. While thus engaged (1820-48) he founded houses in the United States, in Bavaria, Prussia, Switzerland, Belgium, France, Portugal, Holland, and England. Difficulties were many in the United States, and in Europe the danger of suppression was imminent, but never wavering, he communicated his confidence in God to his subjects. He used to say: "Console yourselves, we are seed, be it that we are reduced to ten, these like grains of corn reduced to dust under the earth will one day give a rich harvest". The growth of the congregation verified his prediction. He governed his numerous family with zeal, wisdom, and tenderness. When the revolution decreed the destruction of the Redemptorists, he said to his subjects: "Fear not: stand courageously. Let it not be said of us that we have failed to meet martyrdom, but that martyrdom has failed to meet us". On 6 April, 1848, he was driven out of Vienna with his community without the bare necessaries of life. After much hardship he reached Belgium. Worn out with old age and labour he resigned his office and became director of the Redemptoristines at Bruges. The ordinary process for his beatification was begun at Tournai in 1892, and the introduction of the cause of this venerable servant of God was approved by Leo XIII on 13 May, 1901. The Apostolic Process is already completed.
DESURMONT, Joseph Passerat et sous sa conduite Les Redemptoristes pendant les guerres de l'Empire (Montreuil-sur-Mer, 1893); GIROUILLE, Un grand serviteur de Dieu, Le Rev. Père Joseph Passerat (Montreuil-sur-Mer, 1893). See REDEMPTORISTINES; CLEMENT MARY HOFBAUER, BLESSED.
J. Magnier.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Ven. John Thulis

From volume 14 of the work.
English martyr, born at Up Holland, Lancashire, probably about 1568; suffered at Lancaster, 18 March, 1615 or 1616. He arrived at the English College, Reims, 25 May, 1583, and received tonsure from Cardinal Guise on 23 September following. He left for Rome, 27 March, 1590, where he was ordained priest, and was sent on the mission in April, 1592. He seems to have been a prisoner at Wisbech, Cambridgeshire, when he signed the letter of 8 November, 1598, in favour of the institution of the archpriest, and the letter of 17 November, 1600, against it. Later he laboured in Lancashire, where he was arrested by William, fifteenth earl of Derby, and was committed to Lancaster Castle, where his fellow-martyr Roger Wrenno, a weaver, was confined. They managed to escape one evening just before the Lent assizes, but were recaptured the next day. After that he was imprisoned with thieves, four of whom he converted. These were executed with the martyrs. Thulis suffered after three thieves. His quarters were set up at Lancaster, Preston, Wigan, and Warrington. Wrenno was hanged next, and, the rope breaking, he was once more offered his life for conformity, but ran swiftly to the ladder and climbed it as fast as he could, saying to the sheriff, who remonstrated, "If you had seen that which I have just now seen, you would be as much in haste to die as I am now." A curious metrical account of their martyrdom, as well as portions of a poem composed by Thulis, are printed by Father Pollen in his "Acts of the English Martyrs" (London, 1891), 194-207.
John B. Wainewright.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Ven. John Sugar

From volume 14 of the work.
. (Suker).
Born at Wombourn, Staffordshire, 1558; suffered at Warwick, 16 July, 1604. He matriculated at Oxford from St. Mary Hall, 30 October, 1584, and is described as clerici filius. He left without taking a degree, it is said because he disliked the Oath of Supremacy; but it appears that he acted as a Protestant minister at Cannock, Staffordshire, for some time. He was ordained priest from the English College, Douai (1601), and sent on the mission the same year. He was arrested 8 July, 1603, at Rowington, Warwickshire, with Venerable Robert Greswold (Grissold [or Griswold]), a native of Rowington (in the service of Mr. Sheldon of Broadway, Worcestershire), who was in attendance on him. After a year's imprisonment at Warwick they were condemned there 14 July, Sugar for being a priest, and Greswold for assisting him. Sugar was cut down before he was fully dead. Greswold was offered his life if he would promise to conform.
CHALLONER, Missionary Priests, II, nos. 135, 136; FOSTER, Alumni Oxonienses (Oxford, 1892); KNOX, Douay Diaries (London, 1878), 17, 32; POLLEN, Acts of the English Martyrs (London, 1891), 321.
John B. Wainewright.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Ven. Joseph Lambton

From volume 8 of the work.
English martyr, b. 1569; d. at Newcastle-on-Tyne. The day of his death is variously given as 23 June, 23 July, and 27 July, and the year as 1592 and 1593; but from a letter of Lord Huntingdon it is clear he died before 31 July, 1592, and Father Holtby's Stonyhurst MS. says he died on a Monday, so that the probable date is 24 July, 1592. He was the second son of Thomas Lambton of Malton-in-Rydall, Yorks, and Katharine, daughter of Robert Birkhead of West Brandon, Durham. He arrived at the English College, Reims, in 1584, and at the English College, Rome, in 1589. Being allowed to curtail his theological course, he was ordained priest when only twenty-three, and sent on the mission on 22 April 1592. He was arrested at Newcastle on landing with the Ven. Edward Waterson, and condemned at the next assizes under 27 Eliz., c. 2. He was cut down alive, and the reprieved felon who acted as hangman refused to complete the sentence, which was at last carried out by a Frenchman practicing as a surgeon at Kenton.
GILLOW, Bibl. Dict.Eng. Cath. (London and New York, 1885-1902), s. v.; Catholic Record Society's Publications (London, 1905-), V, 212, 228, 231, 293; CHALLONER, Missionary Priests, I, 298.
John B. Wainewright.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Ven. John Wall

From volume 15 of the work.
Martyr, born in Lancashire, 1620; suffered near Worcester, 22 August, 1679; known at Douay and Rome as John Marsh, and when on the Mission under the aliases of Francis Johnson, Webb, and Dormore. The son of wealthy and staunch Lancashire Catholics, he was sent when very young to Douai College. He entered the Roman College, 5 November, 1641, was made priest, 3 December, 1645, and sent to the Mission, 12 May, 1648. On 1 Jan., 1651, he received the habit of St. Francis at St. Bonaventure's Friary, Douai, and a year later was professed, taking the name of Joachim of St. Anne. He filled the offices of vicar and novice master at Douai until 1656, when he returned to the Mission, and for twenty years laboured zealously in Worcestershire. He was apprehended, December, 1678, at Rushock Court near Bromsgrove, where the sheriff's man came to seek a debtor; his priestly character transpiring, he was tendered the Oath of Supremacy, and was committed to Worcester Gaol for refusing it. He was brought to trial at the Assizes, 25 April, on the charges of receiving and exercising his priesthood, and of refusing the oaths. A man whose vices he had reproved bore testimony to his priesthood, and he received sentence. He was then sent to London, and four times examined by Oates, Bedloe, and others in the hope of implicating him in the pretended plot; but was declared innocent of all plotting and offered his life if he would abjure his religion. Brought back to Worcester, he was executed at Redhill. On the day previous, William Levison was enabled to confess and communicate him, and at the moment of execution the same priest gave him the last absolution. His quartered body was given to his friends, and was buried in St. Oswald's churchyard. Mr. Levison, however, secured the martyr's head, and it was treasured by the friars at Douai until the dissolution of that house in the French Revolution. The Franciscan nuns at Taunton possess a tooth and a bone of the martyr. The long speech he composed for his execution was circulated among the Catholics after his death; and the authorities issued as a broadsheet the public account of his execution containing "a true copy of the speech...with animadversions upon the same". In 1879 a rood was erected in his memory in the churchyard at Harvington, whose hall was the usual home of the martyr.
J. L. Whitfield.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Ven. John Woodcock

From volume 15 of the work.
English Franciscan martyr, b. at Leyland, Lancashire, 1603; suffered at Lancaster, 7 August, 1646. His parents, Thomas and Dorothy Woodcock, the latter a Catholic, were of the middle class. He was converted about 1622, and after studying at Saint-Omer for a year was admitted to the English College, Rome, 20 October, 1629. On 16 May, 1630, he joined the Capuchins in Paris, but soon afterwards transferred himself to the English Franciscans at Douai. He received the habit from the Venerable Henry Heath in 1631 and was professed by the Venerable Arthur Bell a year later. For some years he lived at Arras as chaplain to Mr. Sheldon. Late in 1643 he landed at Newcastle-on- Tyne, and was arrested on the first night he spent in Lancashire. After two years' imprisonment in Lancaster Castle, he was condemned, on his own confession, for being a priest, together with two seculars, Edward Bamber and Thomas Whittaker, 6 August, 1646. When he was flung off the ladder the rope broke. Having been hanged a second time, he was cut down and diembowelled alive. The Franciscan nuns at Taunton possess an arm-bone of the martyr.
FOLEY, Records English Province S.J., VI (London, 1878-83), 322; CHALLONER, Missionary Priests, II (Edinburgh, 1877), no. 185; STANTON, Menology of England and Wales (London, 1887), 383-4; THADDEUS, Franciscans in England 1600-1859 (London and Leamington, 1898), 69, 70; POLLARD in Dict. Nat. Biog. s.v. Woodcock, Martin.
John B. Wainewright.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Ven. John Southworth

From volume 14 of the work.
English martyr, b. in Lancashire, 1592, martyred at Tyburn, 28 June, 1654. A member of a junior branch of the Southworths of Samlesbury Hall, Blackburn, he was ordained priest at the English College, Douai, and was sent on the mission, 13 October, 1619. He was arrested and condemned to death in Lancashire in 1627, and imprisoned first in Lancaster Castle, and afterwards in the Clink, London, whence he and fifteen other priests were, on 11 April, 1630, delivered to the French Ambassador for transportation abroad. In 1636 he had been released from the Gatehouse, Westminster, and was living at Clerkenwell, but frequently visited the plague-stricken dwellings of Westminster to convert the dying. In 1637 he seems to have taken up his abode in Westminster, where he was arrested, 28 November, and again sent to the Gatehouse. Thence he was again transferred to the Clink and in 1640 was brought before the Commissioners for Causes Ecclesiastical, who sent him back there 24 June. On 16 July he was again liberated, but by 2 December he was again in the Gatehouse. After his final apprehension he was tried at the Old Bailey, and as he insisted on pleading "guilty" to being a priest, he was reluctantly condemned by the Recorder of London, Serjeant Steel. He was allowed to make a long speech at the gallows, and his remains were permitted to pass into the possession of the Duke of Norfolk's family, who had them sent to the English College at Douai. The wonderful recovery in 1656 of Francis Howard, seventh son of Henry Frederick, Earl of Arundel, was attributed to these relics, which were secreted during the French Revolution, and the present location of which is now unknown.
[Note: In 1970, John Southworth was canonized by Pope Paul VI among the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales, whose joint feast day is kept on 25 October. The relics of the Saint's body, hidden during the French Revolution, were rediscovered in 1927, and brought back to England, where they are enshrined in Westminster Cathedral.]
CHALLONER, Memoirs of Missionary Priests, II, no. 190; BRUCE, Calendar State Papers Domestic 1629-31 (London, 1860), 233; Calendar, etc., 1637 (London, 1868), 572; HAMILTON, Calendar, etc., 1640 (London, 1880), 341, 482; Calendar, etc., 1640-1 (London, 1882), 294.
John B. Wainewright.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Ven. John Sandys

From volume 13 of the work.
English martyr, born in the Diocese of Chester; executed at Gloucester, 11 August, 1586. He arrived at Reims 4 June, 1583, was ordained priest in the Holy Cross Chapel of Reims Cathedral by the Cardinal Archbishop, Louis de Guise, and was sent on the mission 2 October, 1584. He was cut down while fully conscious and had a terrible struggle with the executioner, who had blackened his face to avoid recognition and used a rusty and ragged knife; but his last words were a prayer for his persecutors.
John B. Wainewright.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Ven. John Rigby

From volume 13 of the work.
English martyr; b. about 1570 at Harrocks Hall, Eccleston, Lancashire; executed at St. Thomas Waterings, 21 June, 1600. He was the fifth or sixth son of Nicholas Rigby, by Mary, daughter of Oliver Breres of Preston. In the service of Sir Edmund Huddleston, at a time when his daughter, Mrs. Fortescue, being then ill, was cited to the Old Bailey for recusancy, Rigby appeared on her behalf; compelled to confess himself a Catholic, he was sent to Newgate. The next day, 14 February, 1599 or 1600, he signed a confession, that, since he had been reconciled by the martyr, John Jones the Franciscan, in the Clink some two or three years previously, he had declined to go to church. He was then chained and remitted to Newgate, till, on 19 February, he was transferred to the White Lion. On the first Wednesday in March (which was the 4th and not, as the martyr himself supposes, the 3rd) he was brought to the bar, and in the afternoon given a private opportunity to conform. The next day he was sentenced for having been reconciled; but was reprieved till the next sessions. On 19 June he was again brought to the bar, and as he again refused to conform, he was told that his sentence must be carried out. On his way to execution, the hurdle was stopped by a Captain Whitlock, who wished him to conform and asked him if he were married, to which the martyr replied, "I am a bachelor; and more than that I am a maid", and the captain thereupon desired his prayers. The priest, who reconciled him, had suffered on the same spot 12 July, 1598.
CHALLONER, Missionary Priests, II (London, 1878), n. 117; GILLOW, Bibl. Dict. Eng. Cath., V, 420; Chatham Society's Publications, LXXXI (1870), 74.
John B. Wainewright.
# Church and State under the Tudors/Front matter

CHURCH AND STATE
UNDER THE TUDORS
PRINTED BY SPOTTISWOODE AND CO., NEW STREET SQUARE LONDON
# Church of Ireland letter on new Irish Free State

* related portals: Ireland.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
The following is the text of a press release circulated by Dr. D'Arcy, the Church of Ireland Archbishop of Armagh and Primate of All Ireland to the Press on 5 December 1922, the day before the establishment of the Irish Free State (Source: The Times, 6 December 1922)
In the striking and hopeful utterance of Mr. T. M. Healy, K.C., the new Governor-General of Southern Ireland, it is reported that he said, "I am informed, and I think that it is a good omen, that the attempt to separate the Protestant Church body in the North from the rest of Ireland was defeated in the General Synod." It is not always easy to know what is meant by the Protestant Church, but the reference to the 'General Synod' seems to show that Mr. Healy was referring to the Church of Ireland. It is necessary that I should immediately state, and in the most emphatic way, that he has been misinformed. No attempt was made by any section or any member of the Church of Ireland to separate their Church in the North from their Church in the rest of Ireland. Nothing could be more abhorrent to every member of our Church, both North and South, than to create such a division. No question having the slightest connexion with such division ever came before the General Synod. The fact is that political divisions cannot break the unity of the Church. And in saying this I know I speak the mind of every member of the Church, of every bishop, of every clergyman, and of every layman, whether in the North or in the South.
# Chester v. Pennsylvania

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
134 U.S. 240
Chester v. Pennsylvania
BRADLEY, J.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Chester v. Pennsylvania/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
United States Supreme Court
134 U.S. 240
Chester v. Pennsylvania
This case, so far as any federal question is concerned, is similar, in all substantial respects, to that of Railroad Co. v. Com., ante, 533, (just decided,) and must be governed by the decision in that case. The motion to dismiss the writ of error is denied, and the judgment of the supreme court of Pennsylvania is affirmed.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Chestnut v. Harris

Battle, J., wrote the opinion for the Court in Chestnut v. Harris, 64 Ark. 580 (1897).
Supreme Court of Arkansas
64 Ark. 580
CHESTNUT v. HARRIS
Appeal from Drew Circuit Court
Delivered: January 15, 1897.
* Court Documents
* Opinion of the Court
Appeal from Drew Circuit Court.
Marcus S. Hawkins, Judge.
Z. T. Wood, for appellants.
The description, "NE. SE. sec. 24; township 13; range 7; No. of acres 40," is sufficient to identify the land, and give notice to the delinquent owner. Sand. & H. Dig., § 6625.
Wells & Williamson, for appellees.
The description of the lands in the assessment list, and also in the notice of sale of delinquent lands, was too vague. 59 Ark. 460; 43 N.Y. 107; 18 Am. & Eng. Enc. Law, pp. 278, 279 and 280. In order for a local usage of description to be binding on the parties, its establishment and notoriety, and the fact that it was known to parties, and that they contracted with reference thereto, must appear. Clark, Cont. 582, 583; 26 Minn. 212. Nor has chancery the power to correct a defective description in a tax deed. 84 Ala. 208; S.C. 4 South. 22.
[Opinion of the court by Justice BURRILL B. BATTLE.]
This work is in the public domain in the U.S. because it is an edict of a government, local or foreign. See § 313.6(C)(2) of the Compendium II: Copyright Office Practices. Such documents include "legislative enactments, judicial decisions, administrative rulings, public ordinances, or similar types of official legal materials" as well as "any translation prepared by a government employee acting within the course of his or her official duties."
These do not include works of the Organization of American States, United Nations, or any of the UN specialized agencies. See Compendium III § 313.6(C)(2) and 17 U.S.C. 104(b)(5).
A non-American governmental edict may still be copyrighted outside the U.S. Similar to {{PD-in-USGov}}, the above U.S. Copyright Office Practice does not prevent U.S. states or localities from holding copyright abroad, depending on foreign copyright laws and regulations.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Chester

* "Chester (A European Summer, 1)" in The Nation (4 July 1872)
    — First publication in any form.
* "Chester" in Transatlantic Sketches (Boston: James R. Hopgood & Co., 1875): ?–?.
    — First American book edition.
* "Chester" in Foreign Parts (Leipzig: Bernhard Tauchnitz, 1883): ?–?.
    — First Continental book edition.
* "Chester" in English Hours (Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co., 1905): 61–76.
    — Reprinted in the first American edition of English Hours
* "Chester" in English Hours (Cambridge: The Riverside Press, 1905): 61–76.
    — Reprinted in the "Large Paper Edition" limited issue of the first American edition of English Hours.
* "Chester" in English Hours (London: William Heinemann, 1905): 61–76.
    — First English book edition.
# Clouds without Water/The Vampire

The Vampire
# Clough v. Gilbert Barker Manufacturing Company

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
106 U.S. 166
Clough v. Gilbert Barker Manufacturing Company
R. H. Lyon and E. N. Dickerson, for appellant.
Wm. Stanley, for appellee.
BLATCHFORD, J.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Clouds without Water/The Hermit

The Hermit
# Clouds without Water/The Initiation

The Initiation
# Clouds without Water/The Manuscript

The Manuscript
We dedicate this record of our
loves
to
the memory of
MARGUERITE PORRETE
# Clouds without Water/The Thaumaturge

The Thaumaturge
# Cloverleaf Butter Co v. Patterson

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
315 U.S. 148
CLOVERLEAF BUTTER CO. v. PATTERSON, Commissioner of Agriculture and Industries of Alabama, et al.
No. 28. Argued: December 9, 10, 1941. --- Decided: February 2, 1942.
As Amended on Denial of Rehearing March 9, 1942.
Mr. Erle Pettus and Mr. Horace C. Wilkinson, both of Birmingham, Ala., for petitioner.
Messrs. Charles L. Rowe and William H. Loeb, Asst. Attys. Gen., for respondents.
[Argument of Counsel from page 149 intentionally omitted]
Mr. Justice REED delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

    Amended March 9, 1942, p. 786
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse