# The Tribes of Burma/Bibliographical notes/Palaungs
#### THE PALAUNGS.

References :
Lowis = "A Note on the Palaungs of Hsipaw and Tawngpeng." C. C. Lowis, Rangoon, 1906.
| Serial No. | Head. | Brief description. | Authority. | Page. |
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| 1 | Present habitat. | Shan States, Ruby Mines District. | Upper Burma Gazetteer, Vol. I, Part I. Lowis  ...  ... "Yunnan." H.R.Davies, Cambridge, 1909. | 484 1 376 |
| 2 | Origin ... | Central Asia ... | Lowis ... ... | 1 |
| 3 | Political and social divisions. | Clans distinguished by different dress. Palaungs and Pales. | Upper Burma Gazetteer, Vol. I, Part I. Lowis ... ... | 486 20 |
| 4 | Allied tribes ... | Was, Riangs, Kamus ... | Upper Burma Gazetteer, Vol. I, Part I. Lowis ... ... | 492, 493 1 |
| 5 | Language and dialects. | Vocabularies Mon-Annam sub-family of the Indo-Chinese family. | Upper Burma Gazetteer, Vol. I, Part I. Lowis ... ... Burma Census Report, 1901, Part I. | 626-645 7 89 |
| 6 | Religion ... | Buddhism, tempered with animism. Nat festivals, Damada Savubiva. | Upper Burma Gazetteer, Vol. I, Part I. Lowis ... ... | 487, 490-491 |
| 7 | Magic and witchcraft. | Alleged power of bewitching cattle and ponies. | Lowis ... ... | 6 |
| 8 | Marriage customs and ceremonies. | Courting customs ; drawing of lots. Marriage by purchase. Faint traces of endogamy. | Upper Burma Gazetteer, Vol. I, Part I. Lowis ... ... | 489 10 |
| 9 | Death and burial ceremonies. | Burial the rule. Monks and those of chiefly blood burnt. | Upper Burma Gazetteer, Vol. I, Part I. Lowis ... ... | 490 11 |
| 10 | Clothing ... | Men—dressed like Shans, Women—dressed generally in coat and skirt, latter varying with clan. Hood almost universally worn ; gaiters. | Upper Burma Gazetteer, Vol. I, Part I. Lowis ... ... Reconnaissance through the Province of Kokang. H. B. Walker, Rangoon, 1892. "Yünnan." H. R. Davies, Cambridge, 1909. | 487 14 et seq. 11 376 |
| 11 | Personal ornaments. | Silver torques, ear tubes, waist rings, bangles, plates of metal on the edge of jackets, head bands. | Upper Burma Gazetteer, Vol. I, Part I. Reconnaissance through the Province of Kokang. H. B. Walker, Rangoon 1892. Lowis ... ... | 487 11 14 et seq. |
| 12 | Painting and tattooing. | Men tattooed like Shans from waist to knee. | Lowis ... ... | 15 |
| 13 | Games and amusements. | Dancing, etc. | Lowis ... ... | 12 |
| 14 | Agriculture ... | Tea and rice cultivated In some places opium ... | Upper Burma Gazetteer, Vol. I, Part I. Upper Burma Gazetteer, Vol. I, Part I. Lowis ... ... | 486 493 11 |
| 15 | Habitations... | Bamboo and thatch, raised from ground, frequently accommodating several families. | Upper Burma Gazetteer, Vol. I, Part I. Lowis ... ... "Yunnan." H. R. Davies, Cambridge, 1909. | 487 5 376 |
| 16 | Government ... | Clans self-governing to a certain extent. Paw-lams. | Lowis ... ... | 21 |
| 17 | Character | Peaceable and law-abiding. | Lowis | 3 |
| 18 | Trade ... | Tea, bullock caravans ... | Lowis ... ... | 12 |
| 19 | Education ... | Elementary education in I monasteries. | Upper Burma Gazetteer, Vol. I, Part I. | 493 |
| 20 | Writing and drawing. | What writing there is is in the Shan character and is Shan or Pâli. | Lowis ... ... | 9 |
| 21 | Music and Poetry. | Musical instruments, gong's, etc. | Lowis ... ... | 13 |
| 22 | Arts, e.g., pottery, weaving, dyeing. | Weaving | Lowis ... ... | 12 |
| 23 | Engineering and implements. | Das, etc. | Lowis ... ... | 13 |
| 24 | Food, etc. | Rice, tea, tobacco smoked comparatively little, but betel universally chewed. | Lowis ... ... | 14 |
| 25 | Miscellaneous, folklore, etc. | Origin of tea industry ; ophiolatry. | Upper Burma Gazetteer, Vol. I, Part I. Lowis ... ... | 491 16 |
| 26 | Anthropometric data. | Cephalic index ... 80.5 Facial index ... 120.8 Height standing 158.1 | Anthropometric data from Burma. B. Gupta, Calcutta, 1906. | 84 |
* ↑ Now shown (vide Imperial Gazetteer of India, Volume I, page 390) as belonging to the Mon Khmer family.