OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume VI/Arnobius/Adversus Gentes/Book II/Chapter LXXVI

76. Inasmuch then, you say, as you serve the Almighty God, and trust that He cares for your safety and salvation, why does He suffer you to be exposed to such storms of persecution, and to undergo all kinds of punishments and tortures? Let us, too, ask in reply, why, seeing that you worship so great and so innumerable gods, and build temples to them, fashion images of gold, sacrifice herds of animals, and all heap up boxfuls of incense on the already loaded altars, why you live subject to so many dangers and storms of calamity, with which many fatal misfortunes vex you every day? Why, I say, do your gods neglect to avert from you so many kinds of disease and sickness, shipwrecks, downfalls, conflagrations, pestilences, barrenness, loss of children, and confiscation of goods, discords, wars, enmities, captures of cities, and the slavery of those who are robbed of their rights of free birth? But, my opponent says, in such mischances we, too, are in no wise helped by God. The cause is plain and manifest. For no hope has been held out to us with respect to this life, nor has any help been promised or aid decreed us for what belongs to the husk of this flesh,—nay, more, we have been taught to esteem and value lightly all the threats of fortune, whatever they be; and if ever any very grievous calamity has assailed us, to count as pleasant in that misfortune the end which must follow, and not to fear or flee from it, that we may be the more easily released from the bonds of the body, and escape from our darkness and blindness.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Lit., “provide,” conficiatis, which, however, some would understand “consume.”
* ↑ Lit., “slaveries, their free births being taken away.”
* ↑ Lit., “and.”
* ↑ So the ms. first five edd., Hild. and Oehler, reading adscribere infortunio voluptatem, which is omitted in the other edd. as a gloss which may have crept in from the margin.
* ↑ Lit., “our dark.”
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume VI/Arnobius/Adversus Gentes/Book II/Chapter LXXVIII

78. Wherefore, O men, refrain from obstructing what you hope for by vain questions; nor should you, if anything is otherwise than you think, trust your own opinions rather than that which should be reverenced. The times, full of dangers, urge us, and fatal penalties threaten us; let us flee for safety to God our Saviour, without demanding the reason of the offered gift. When that at stake is our souls’ salvation and our own interests, something must be done even without reason, as Arrhianus approves of Epictetus having said. We doubt, we hesitate, and suspect the credibility of what is said; let us commit ourselves to God, and let not our incredulity prevail more with us than the greatness of His name and power, lest, while we are seeking out arguments for ourselves, through which that may seem false which we do not wish and deny to be true, the last day steal upon us, and we be found in the jaws of our enemy, death.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Lit., “than an august thing.”
* ↑ Orelli refers to Arrh., i. 12; but the doctrine there insisted on is the necessity of submission to what is unavoidable. Oehler, in addition, refers to Epict., xxxii. 3, where, however, it is merely attempted to show that when anything is withheld from us, it is just as goods are unless paid for, and that we have therefore no reason to complain. Neither passage can be referred to here, and it seems as though Arnobius has made a very loose reference which cannot be specially identified.
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume VI/Arnobius/Adversus Gentes/Book II/Chapter LXXI

71. But our rites are new; yours are ancient, and of excessive antiquity, we are told. And what help does that give you, or how does it damage our cause and argument? The belief which we hold is new; some day even it, too, will become old: yours is old; but when it arose, it was new and unheard of. The credibility of a religion, however, must not be determined by its age, but by its divinity; and you should consider not when, but what you began to worship. Four hundred years ago, my opponent says, your religion did not exist. And two thousand years ago, I reply, your gods did not exist. By what reckoning, you ask, or by what calculations, can that be inferred? They are not difficult, not intricate, but can be seen by any one who will take them in hand even, as the saying is. Who begot Jupiter and his brothers? Saturn with Ops, as you relate, sprung from Cœlus and Hecate. Who begot Picus, the father of Faunus and grandfather of Latinus? Saturn, as you again hand down by your books and teachers? Therefore, if this is the case, Picus and Jupiter are in consequence united by the bond of kinship, inasmuch as they are sprung from one stock and race. It is clear, then, that what we say is true. How many steps are there in coming down from Jupiter and Picus to Latinus? Three, as the line of succession shows. Will you suppose Faunus, Latinus, and Picus to have each lived a hundred and twenty years, for beyond this it is that man’s life cannot be prolonged? The estimation is well grounded and clear. There are, then, three hundred and sixty years after these? It is just as the calculation shows. Whose father-in-law was Latinus? Æneas’. Whose father was he? He was father of the founder of the town Alba. How many years did kings reign in Alba? Four hundred and twenty almost. Of what age is the city Rome shown to be in the annals? It reckons ten hundred and fifty years, or not much less. So, then, from Jupiter, who is the brother of Picus and father of the other and lesser gods, down to the present time, there are nearly, or to add a little to the time, altogether, two thousand years. Now since this cannot be contradicted, not only is the religion to which you adhere shown to have sprung up lately; but it is also shown that the gods themselves, to whom you heap up bulls and other victims at the risk of bringing on disease, are young and little children, who should still be fed with their mothers’ milk.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Lit., “what we do is.”
* ↑ Lit., “thing.”
* ↑ Lit., “how many steps are there of race.”
* ↑ i.e., Jupiter and Picus.
* ↑ The ms. reads genitor…Latinus cujus, some letters having been erased. The reading followed above—genitor is cujus—was suggested to Canterus by his friend Gifanius, and is found in the margin of Ursinus and Orelli.
* ↑ Cf. above, “four hundred years ago,” etc., and i. ch. 13. It is of importance to note that Arnobius is inconsistent in these statements. [In the Edinburgh edition we have here “fifteen hundred years;” etc., but it was changed, in the Errata, to ten hundred and fifty.]
* ↑ Lit., “be nursed with the breasts and dropt milk.”
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume VI/Arnobius/Adversus Gentes/Book II/Chapter LXXII

72. But your religion precedes ours by many years, and is therefore, you say, truer, because it has been supported by the authority of antiquity. And of what avail is it that it should precede ours as many years as you please, since it began at a certain time? or what are two thousand years, compared with so many thousands of ages? And yet, lest we should seem to betray our cause by so long neglect, say, if it does not annoy you, does the Almighty and Supreme God seem to you to be something new; and do those who adore and worship Him seem to you to support and introduce an unheard-of, unknown, and upstart religion? Is there anything older than Him? or can anything be found preceding Him in being, time, name? Is not He alone uncreated, immortal, and everlasting? Who is the head and fountain of things? is not He? To whom does eternity owe its name? is it not to Him? Is it not because He is everlasting, that the ages go on without end? This is beyond doubt, and true: the religion which we follow is not new, then, but we have been late in learning what we should follow and revere, or where we should both fix our hope of salvation, and employ the aid given to save us. For He had not yet shone forth who was to point out the way to those wandering from it, and give the light of knowledge to those who were lying in the deepest darkness, and dispel the blindness of their ignorance.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Lit., “of what space.”
* ↑ i.e., re.
* ↑ So the ms., according to Crusius and Livineius, reading ac; all edd. except Oehler read aut—“head (i.e., source) or fountain.”
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume VI/Arnobius/Adversus Gentes/Book II/Chapter LXXIV

74. And why, my opponent says, did God, the Ruler and Lord of the universe, determine that a Saviour, Christ, should be sent to you from the heights of heaven a few hours ago, as it is said? We ask you too, on the other hand, what cause, what reason is there that the seasons sometimes do not recur at their own months, but that winter, summer, and autumn come too late? why, after the crops have been dried up and the corn has perished, showers sometimes fall which should have dropped on them while yet uninjured, and made provision for the wants of the time? Nay, this we rather ask, why, if it were fitting that Hercules should be born, Æsculapius, Mercury, Liber, and some others, that they might be both added to the assemblies of the gods, and might do men some service,—why they were produced so late by Jupiter, that only later ages should know them, while the past ages of those who went before knew them not? You will say that there was some reason. There was then some reason here also that the Saviour of our race came not lately, but to-day. What, then, you ask, is the reason? We do not deny that we do not know. For it is not within the power of any one to see the mind of God, or the way in which He has arranged His plans. Man, a blind creature, and not knowing himself even, can in no way learn what should happen, when, or what its nature is: the Father Himself, the Governor and Lord of all, alone knows. Nor, if I have been unable to disclose to you the causes why something is done in this way or that, does it straightway follow, that what has been done becomes not done, and that a thing becomes incredible, which has been shown to be beyond doubt by such virtues and powers.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Pl.
* ↑ Lit., “antiquity.”
* ↑ Lit., “things.”
* ↑ So Gelenius emended the ms., reading potens—“being able,” which he changed into potest, as above, followed by later edd.
* ↑ Lit., “by such kinds of.”
* ↑ The ms. and first edd. read et potestatibus potestatum—“and by powers of powers;” the other edd. merely omit potestatibus, as above, except Oehler, who, retaining it, changes potestatum into protestata—“being witnessed to by,” etc.; but there is no instance adduced in which the participle of this verb is used passively.
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume VI/Arnobius/Adversus Gentes/Book II/Chapter LXXVII

77. Therefore that bitterness of persecution of which you speak is our deliverance and not persecution, and our ill-treatment will not bring evil upon us, but will lead us to the light of liberty. As if some senseless and stupid fellow were to think that he never punished a man who had been put into prison with severity and cruelty, unless he were to rage against the very prison, break its stones in pieces, and burn its roof, its wall, its doors; and strip, overthrow, and dash to the ground its other parts, not knowing that thus he was giving light to him whom he seemed to be injuring, and was taking from him the accursed darkness: in like manner, you too, by the flames, banishments, tortures, and monsters with which you tear in pieces and rend asunder our bodies, do not rob us of life, but relieve us of our skins, not knowing that, as far as you assault and seek to rage against these our shadows and forms, so far you free us from pressing and heavy chains, and cutting our bonds, make us fly up to the light.

## Footnotes

* ↑ The ms. and both Roman edd. read in carcerem natum inegressum; LB. and later edd. have received from the margin of Ursinus the reading translated above, datum, omitting the last word altogether, which Oehler, however, would retain as equivalent to “not to be passed from.”
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume VII/Constitutions of the Holy Apostles/Book I

constitutions of the holy apostles.
Book I.
Concerning the Laity.

## Contents

* Sec. I
* Sec. II
* Sec. III

## Footnotes

* ↑ [On the titlepage of the Edinburgh edition is subjoined: “by Clement, bishop and citizen of Rome.”]
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume VII/Constitutions of the Holy Apostles/Book II/Elucidation

Elucidation.
(To purchase a slave, and save a soul, p. 424.)
The calm and patient course of the Church in gradually obliterating slavery has been well defended by the pious Spanish Ultramontane writer Jacques Balmès. Of course, he imagines that “the Catholic Church,” which wrought the change, was his own Tridentine Communion, Lecky’s remarks on the gladiators and slavery as the product of famines and distress are worthy of note, and even he is forced to recognise the ameliorating influences of Christianity from the beginning. He says:—
“Christianity for the first time made charity a rudimentary virtue, giving it a foremost place in the moral type and in the exhortations of its teachers. Besides its general influence in stimulating the affections, it effected a complete revolution in this sphere, by representing the poor as the special representatives of the Christian founder, and thus making the love of Christ rather than the love of man the principle of charity. Even in the days of persecution, collections for the relief of the poor were made at the Sunday meetings. The agapæ, or feasts of love, were intended mainly for the poor; and food that was saved by the fasts was devoted to their benefit. A vast organization of charity, presided over by the bishops, and actively directed by the deacons, soon ramified over Christendom, till the bond of charity became the bond of unity, and the most distant sections of the Christian Church corresponded by the interchange of mercy. Long before the era of Constantine it was observed that the charities of the Christians were so extensive—it may perhaps be said so excessive—that they drew very many impostors to the Church; and, when the victory of Christianity was achieved, the enthusiasm for charity displayed itself in the erection of numerous institutions that were altogether unknown to the pagan world.”

## Footnotes

* ↑ See his chapter (xvii.) Moyens employés par l’église affranchir les esclaves, Civilisation Européene, vol. i. p. 222, Paris, 1851.
* ↑ The countrymen of Balmès, on the contrary, were the authors of the negro slavery of modern times.
* ↑ History of European Morals, vol. ii. p. 84.
* ↑ See also Elucidation XII. vol. v. p. 563.
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume VII/Constitutions of the Holy Apostles/Book II

constitutions of the holy apostles
Book II.
Of Bishops, Presbyters, and Deacons.

## Contents

* Sec. I
* Sec. II
* Sec. III
* Sec. IV
* Sec. V
* Sec. VI
* Sec. VII
* Sec. VIII
* Elucidation
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume VII/Lactantius/The Divine Institutes/Book VII

The Divine Institutes.
Book VII.
Of a Happy Life.

## Contents

* Chap. I
* Chap. II
* Chap. III
* Chap. IV
* Chap. V
* Chap. VI
* Chap. VII
* Chap. VIII
* Chap. IX
* Chap. X
* Chap. XI
* Chap. XII
* Chap. XIII
* Chap. XIV
* Chap. XV
* Chap. XVI
* Chap. XVII
* Chap. XVIII
* Chap. XIX
* Chap. XX
* Chap. XXI
* Chap. XXII
* Chap. XXIII
* Chap. XXIV
* Chap. XXV
* Chap. XXVI
* Chap. XXVII
# An Illustrated Flora of the Northern United States, Canada and the British Possessions/Hydrocharitaceae

Family 9.   Hydrocharitàceae   Aschers.     .
Frog's-bit Family.
Aquatic or mud-inhabiting herbs, with broad or narrow leaves borne on a very short stem.  Flowers regular, monoecious or dioecious, arising from spathes of distinct or united bracts.  Perianth superior, 6-parted, the segments usually all petaloid, the flower-tube adnate to the ovary in the pistillate flowers.  Stamens 6-12, distinct or monodelphous.  Ovary visually 6-9-celled.  Styles 6-9.  Ovules numerous.  Fruit somewhat fleshy, usually indehiscent.  Seeds numerous.
About 8 genera and 20 species, in temperate and tropical regions.  Thalassia in Florida.
1.  Limnòbium   L. C. Richard,   Mem. Inst. Paris, 32: 66. pl. 8.   1811.
Aquatic, stoloniferous herbs, the leaves fascicled at the nodes, petioled, broad, cordate.  Flowers monoecious, white, arising from sessile or stipitate, 2-leaved, membranous spathes.  Perianth 6-parted ; segments petaloid, the 3 outer oblong to oval, the 3 inner oblong to linear.  Staminate flowers 2-4 in a spathe, long-penduncled, the stamens united in a column bearing 6-12 anthers at different heights, sometimes producing only 9-12 staminodia, the filaments tipped with abortive anthers.  Pistillate flowers sessile or short-peduncled with 3-6 vestigial stamens; ovary 6-9-celled with as many central placentae; stigmas as many as the cells, each 2-parted.  Fruit a many-seeded berry.  [Greek referring to the aquatic habitat.]
Species, 3 or 4, natives of America.  Type species: L. Bosci L. C. Richard, the same as the following.
* 1.  Limnobium Spóngia  (Bosc.) L. C. Richard. Frog's-bit.   Fig. 253.
* Hydrocharis cordifolia Nutt. Gen. 2: 241.  1818.
* H. Spongia Bosc, Ann. Mus. Paris, 9: 396, pl. 30.  1807.
* Limnobium Spongia L. C. Richard, Mem. Inst. Paris, 32:66. pl. 8.  1811.
* Limnocharis Spongia L. C. Richard ; Steud. Nomencl. Ed. 2, Part 2, 45.  1841.
* Blades of the leaves orbicular or broadly ovate, cordate or reniform, faintly 5-7-nerved and cross-veined, purplish and spongy beneath, 10″–2′ broad, on petioles 1′–10′ in length.  Stolons rooting and sending up flowers and leaves at the nodes; peduncles of the staminate flowers 3′–4′ long, those of the pistillate flowers stouter, 1′–2′ long, nodding in fruit.
* In shallow, stagnant water, Lake Ontario, to Florida, west to Illinois, Missouri and Texas.  July-Aug.
# An Illustrated Flora of the Northern United States, Canada and the British Possessions/Gamopetalae

Series 1. Gamopetalae Families :
| Family | 1. | Clethraceae | White Alder Family |
| Family | 2. | Pyrolaceae | Wintergreen Family |
| Family | 3. | Monotropaceae | Indian-Pipe Family |
| Family | 4. | Ericaceae | Heath Family |
| Family | 5. | Vacciniaceae | Huckleberry Family |
| Family | 6. | Diapensiaceae | Diapensia Family |
| Family | 7. | Prlmulaceae | Primrose Family |
| Family | 8. | Plumbaginaceae | Plumbago Family |
| Family | 9. | Sapotaceae | Sapodilla Family |
| Family | 10. | Ebenacea | Ebony Family |
| Family | 11. | Symplocaceae | Sweet-Leaf Family |
| Family | 12. | Styraceae | Storax Family |
| Family | 13. | Oleaceae | Olive Family |
| Family | 14. | Loganiaceae | Logania Family |
| Family | 15. | Gentianaceae | Gentian Family |
| Family | 16. | Menyanthaceae | Buckbean Family |
| Family | 17. | Apocynaceae | Dogbane Family |
| Family | 18. | Asclepiadaceae | Milkweed Family |
| Family | 19. | Dichondraceae | Dichondra Family |
| Family | 20. | Convolvulaceae | Morning-Glory Family |
| Family | 21. | Cuscutaceae | Dodder Family |
| Family | 22. | Polemoniaceae | Phlox Family |
| Family | 23. | Hydrophyllaceae | Water-Leaf Family |
| Family | 24. | Boraginaceae | Borage Family |
| Family | 25. | Verbenaceae | Vervain Family |
| Family | 26. | Labiatae | Mint Family |
| Family | 27. | Solanaceae | Potato Family |
| Family | 28. | Scrophulariaceae | Figwort Family |
| Family | 29. | Lentibulariaceae | Bladderwort Family |
| Family | 30. | Orobanchaceae | Broom-Rape Family |
| Family | 31. | Bignoniaceae | Trumpet-Creeper Family |
| Family | 32. | Martyniaceae | Unicorn Plant Family |
| Family | 33. | Acanthaceae | Acanthus Family |
| Family | 34. | Phrymaceae | Lopseed Family |
| Family | 35. | Plantaginaceae | Plantain Family |
| Family | 36. | Rubiaceae | Madder Family |
| Family | 37. | Caprifouaceae | Honeysuckle Family |
| Family | 38. | Adoxaceae | Moschatel Family |
| Family | 39. | Valerlanaceae | Valerian Family |
| Family | 40. | Dipsaceae | Teasel Family |
| Family | 41. | Cucurbitaceae | Gourd Family |
| Family | 42. | Campanulaceae | Bell-Flower Family |
| Family | 43. | Lobeliaceae | Lobelia Family |
| Family | 44. | Cichoriaceae | Chicory Family |
| Family | 45. | Ambrosiaceae | Ragweed Family |
| Family | 46. | Compositae | Thistle Family |
# An Illustrated Flora of the Northern United States, Canada and the British Possessions/Eriocaulaceae

Family 16.   Eriocaulàceae   Lindl.   Veg. Kingd. 122.   1847.
Pipewort Family.
Bog or aquatic herbs, perennial or perhaps sometimes annual, with fibrous knotted or spongy roots, tufted grass-like basal leaves, and monoecious (androgynous) occasionally dioecious small flowers, in terminal solitary heads, on long slender scapes. Head of flowers involucrate by bracts, each flower borne in the axil of a scarious scale. Perianth of 2 series of segments, rarely of one series. Stamens in staminate flowers as many or twice as many as the sepals. Ovary 2-3-celled. Ovules 2 or 3. Fruit a 2-3-celled, 2-3-seeded capsule, loculicidally dehiscent. Seeds pendulous, orthotropous ; endosperm farinaceous.
Nine genera and about 560 species, widely distributed in warm and tropical regions, a few extending into the temperate zones.   The family is most abundantly represented in South America.
# An Illustrated Flora of the Northern United States, Canada and the British Possessions/Haemodoraceae

Family 26.   Haemodoràceae   R. Br.   Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holi. 1: 299.   1810.
Bloodwort Family.
Perennial herbs with erect stems, narrowly linear leaves, and regular or somewhat irregular small perfect flowers in terminal cymose panicles.  Perianth 6-parted or 6-lobed, adnate to the ovary, persistent.  Stamens 3, opposite the 3 inner perianth-segments.  Ovary wholly or partly interior, 3-celled or rarely 1-celled; ovules usually few in each cavity, half-anatropous; style mostly slender; stigma small, entire or 3-grooved.  Fruit a loculicidally 3-valved capsule.  Seeds few or rarely numerous; embryo small in fleshy endosperm.
About 9 genera and 35 species, mostly natives of South Africa and Australia, a few in tropical America; only the following genus in the north temperate zone.
1.  Gyrothèca   Salisb.   Trans. Hort. Soc. 1: 327.   1812. [Lachnanthes Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 1: 47. 1816.]
A rather stout herb, with a short rootstock, red fibrous roots and equitant leaves, the basal ones longer than those of the stem.  Flowers numerous, yellowish, small, in a dense terminal woolly cymose panicle.  Perianth 6-parted to the summit of the ovary, the outer segments smaller than the inner.  Filaments filiform, longer than the perianth; anthers linear-oblong, versatile.  Ovary 3-celled; ovules few in each cavity, borne on fleshy placentae; style very slender, declined.  Capsule enclosed by the withering-persistent perianth, nearly globular, 3-valved.  Seeds about 6 in each cavity, flattened, nearly orbicular, peltate.  [Greek, referring to the round fruit.]
A monotypic genus of southeastern North America and the West Indies.
* 1.  Gyrotheca tinctòria  (Walt.) Salisb. Red root.   Paint root.   Fig. 1319.
* Gyrotheca tinctoria Salisb. Trans. Hort. Soc. 1: 327.  1812.
* Lachnanthes tinctoria Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 1: 47.  1816.
* Gyrotheca capitata Morong. Bull. Torr. Club 20: 472.  1893.  Not Anonymo capitata Walt.
* Stem 1½°-2½° tall, glabrous below, pubescent or woolly above.  Leaves 2″-5″ wide, acuminate, the basal ones shorter than the stem, the upper reduced to bracts; panicle 2′-5′ broad when expanded, dense and almost capitate when young, white-woolly; flowers 4″-5″ broad, bracteolate, the perianth yellow and glabrous within; style about as long as the stamens; pedicels stout, about as long as the capsule, rather shorter than the bractlets; capsule about 3″ in diameter.
* In swamps, eastern Massachusetts to New Jersey and Florida, mostly in pine barrens near the
* coast.  Also in Cuba.  Carolina or Indian redroot.