OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Bernhard Havestadt

From volume 7 of the work.
German Jesuit; b. at Cologne, 27 February, 1714; died at Münster after 1778. He entered the Lower-Rhenish province of the order on 20 October, 1732, and in 1746 went to Chile. He was one of the 102 German Jesuits who laboured on the Chilian mission between 1720-67, and in the twenty years of his sojourn in the country, spent mostly among the Araucanian Indians, his displayed remarkable energy and ability. With his splendid linguistic gifts, knowing more or less perfectly nine languages, he took up with enthusiasm the study of Chilidugu, which, in his opinion, "towered over all other languages as the Andes over all other mountains". The result of these studies appeared in a work of great linguistic importance: "Chilidugu, sive Res Chilenses, vel descriptio, status tum naturalis, tum civilis, cum moralis regni populique Chilensis, inserta suis, locis perfectæ ad Chilensem linguam manuductioni etc." (3 vols., Münster, 1777). This work was written in Germany after the expulsion of the Jesuits from the Spanish colonies; it had been originally composed in Spanish, and was now issued in Latin. Besides a grammar and dictionary, it includes copious specimens of the native Chilian tongue, hymns, and valuable ethnographic notes, etc. The work was re-issued in two volumes by the well-known Americanist Dr. Julius Platzmann (Leipzig, 1883), under its original title, "Chilidugu sive tractatus linguæ Chilensis" (see Zarncke, "Literar. Centralblatt", 1883, col. 693).
Huonder, Deutsche Jesuitenmissionäre (Freiburg im Br., 1899), 133; von Murr, journal (Nuremburg, 1776-90), I, 122 sqq.: Idem, Nachrichten aus verschiedenen Ländern der spanischen Amerika, II (Halle, 1810), 431 sqq.; Adelung und Vater, Mithridates (Berlin, 1806-17), III, 2, 404; Enrich, Hist. de la Comp. de Jésus en Chile, II (Barcelona, 1891), 213, 294, 352, and elsewhere; Zwölf Missionsspredigten . . . durch den Wolchrw. Herrn. Bernhardt Havestadt, chemaligen Missionarium aus der Gesell. Jesu (Cologne, 1778), which contains some bibliographical information.
A. HUONDER
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Beroea

From volume 2 of the work.
(Later, Berrhoea, Beroie, and Beroe).
A titular see of Macedonia, at the foot of Mount Bermios, now Doxa; it still preserves its ancient name, pronounced Veria by the Greeks (Turkish Kara-Feria, Slav Ber). The Romans captured it after the battle of Pydna (168 b.c.) and from 49 to 48 Pompey took up his winter quarters there (Plutarch, Pomp. 64). In its Jewish synagogue St. Paul preached successfully (Acts, xvii, 10, 13); on withdrawing he left at Beroea his disciples Silas and Timothy. Onesiums, formerly Philemon's slave, was its first bishop according to the Apostolic Constitutions (VII, 46). At the time of the last partition of the empire, it was allotted to Macedonia Prima (Hierocles, Synecdemos, 638), and its see made suffragan to Thessalonica. Amongst its bishops, Gerontius was present at Sardica in 344, Luke at the Latrocinium of Ephesus in 449, Timothy at the Council of Constantinople under the Patriarch Menas in 536, Joseph at the Eighth Oecumenical Council in 869. Under Andronicus II (1283-1328) Beroea was made a metropolis. The actual Greek metropolitans add the title of Naoussa, a neighbouring city. It has now about 10,000 inhabitants.
Besides this Beroea, there was in Thracia a Beroe, or Augusta Trajana (Hierocles, 635), whither Pope Liberius (355-358) was exiled (Sozomen, IV, 11). It is called Berrhoea, or Beroe, in episcopal lists (Georgius Cyprius, 53; Parthey, Notit. episc., VI, 57; VII, 53; VIII, 57). Its Turkish name was Eski-Zagra, for which the present Bulgarian substitute is Stara-Zagora. For its episcopal list see Lequien, I, 1165-68; Gams, 427. Beroea is also an ancient name of Aleppo.
Lequien, Or. Christ., II, 71-74; Gams, Series episcop., 429; Leake, Northern Greece, III, 290 sqq.; Cousinery, Voyage en Macedoine, I, 57 sqq.
L. Petit.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Berno (Abbot of Reichenau)

From volume 2 of the work.
Famous as orator, poet, philosopher, and musician, born (date unknown) at Prum near Trier; d. 7 June, 1048. He became Abbot of Reichenau in 1008. Educated in the school of St. Gall, Berno visited Rome with the Emperor Henry II, and upon his return introduced many reforms in the liturgical music of his native land. Among his books are the "Tonarium", "De varia psalmorum atque cantuum modulatione", and "De consona tonorum diversitate", all of which are contained in Migne's "Patrology" and in Gerbert's "Scriptores". Another work attributed to him, but less known, is entitled "De instrumentis musicalibus".
Living and writing at a time when the traditions of Rome and St. Gall were still fresh, Berno has left, in his works on music, a fruitful source of information to those who are interested in ascertaining and restoring the rhythmical form in which the Gregorian melodies were originally sung. Berno's testimony, with that of other early writers, supports the view of those who hold that the Gregorian melodies consist of long and short note-values, as against the theory that all notes in the chant are of equal length.
Wagner, Neumenkunde (Freiburg, 1905); Bonvin, On Gregorian Rhythm (New York, 1906); Voix de St. Gall (Fribourg, Switzerland, 1906).
JOSEPH OTTEN
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Bernold of Constance

From volume 2 of the work.
Historian and theologian, b. in Swabia about 1054; d. at Schaffhausen, 16 September, 1100. He entered the school of Constance under the renowned Bernard of Constance, and made rapid progress in study. He attended the Lenten Synod of Rome, in 1079, at which Berengarius retracted his errors. Remaining in Italy till 1084 he returned to Constance for the episcopal consecration of Gebhard, whose action in enforcing the reform decrees of Gregory VII he later on defended. In the same year he was ordained priest by the papal legate, Cardinal Otto of Ostia. In 1086 he went with Bishop Gebhard as counsellor to King Herman, to the battle of Bleichfeld. About the same time he entered the Benedictine Abbey of St. Blasien in the Black Forest near Schaffhausen, and in 1091 the Abbey of All Saints in the city itself, where he died. His name has ever been associated with the reforms of Gregory VII. The seventeen tracts that have reached us are mostly apologies for the pope's policy, or vindications of men who advocated or enforced it in Germany. Chief among these are: "De prohibendâ sacerdotum incontinentiâ", written against the married clergy; "De damnatione schismaticorum", wherein he justified the pope's condemnation of that abuse; "Apologeticus super excommunicationem Gregorii VII", a defence of the pope's excommunication of Henry IV and his partisans. Bernold is the author of a chronicle (Mon. Germ. Hist., Script., V) which is still highly esteemed. The latter part is a terse record of contemporary event by a knowing and intelligent observer. Dom Morin has shown (Revue Benedictine, VIII, 385-395) that Bernold is the author of the "Micrologus", an important medieval liturgical treatise. Several other works are ascribed to him, but without sufficient evidence.
Strelau, Leben und Werke des Monches Bernold von Sanct-Blasien (Jena, 1889); Schultzen, De Bertholdi et Bernoldi chronicis (Bonn, 1867); Peyret, Bernold de Constance; La Reforme de Saint Gregoire VII (Saint-Etienne, 1904); Pertz in Mon. Germ. Hist., Script., V; Thaner, ibid., II; Wattenbach, Deutschlands Geschichtsquellen im Mittelalter (Berlin, 1877), II, 43.
THOS. M. SCHWERTNER
# The Rainbow (Lawrence)

THE RAINBOW
BY D. H. LAWRENCE AUTHOR OF "SONS AND LOVERS"
NEW YORK B. W. HUEBSCH, Inc. MCMXXI
Copyright, 1915 By D. H. LAWRENCE Reprinted, 1921
TO ELSE
CONTENTS
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
The longest-living author of this work died in 1930, so this work is in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 93 years or less. This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The Rainbow (Coulson)

"I watch the white dawn gleam"
* "The Rainbow" in The Muse in Arms (1917)
* "The Rainbow" in A treasury of war poetry, British and American poems of the world war, 1914-1919 (1917)
# The Rainbow (Byron)

A poem held in the archives of Somerville College, Oxford.
Sonnet The Rainbow
Bow down in hope, in thanks, all ye who mourn;— Where'in that peerless arche of radiant hues Surpassing earthly tints,—the storm subdues! Of nature's strife and tears 'tis heaven-born, To soothe the sad, the sinning, and forlorn; A lovely loving token to infuse The hope, the faith, that pow'r divine endures With latent good the woes by which we're torn.— 'Tis like a sweet repentance of the skies, To beckon all by sense of sin opprest,— Revealing harmony from tears and sighs!
A pledge:—that deep implanted in the breast A hidden light may burn that never dies, But bursts thro' clouds in purest hues exprest!
A. A. Lovelace
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The New York Times/1901

Content exists for this periodical, though at this stage it is not specifically organised beyond a basic hierarchy.
The pages listed below are an automatically generated listing.
Special:PrefixIndex/The New York Times/1901/
# The New York Times/1901/08/01/Advertisement—Berkeley Arms

​Finest fishing on Jersey Coast—Berkeley Arms, Berkeley. N. J. Special rates to families or parties.—Adv.
# The New York Times/1901/08/01/Advertisement—Hygeia Hotel

​Rest, recreation, and recuperation may be found at Hygeia Hotel, on the picturesque Virginia Coast. Eighteen hours by Old Dominion Steamships. Fast express trains by Pennsylvania Railway.—Adv.
# The New York Times/1901/08/01

See the scan index for this issue.
| "All the News That's Fit to Print." | COPYRIGHT, 1901, BY THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY. | THE WEATHER. Fair; moderate temperature: light westerly winds |
| VOL. L...No. 16,089 | NEW YORK, THURSDAY, AUGUST 1, 1901.—TWELVE PAGES. | ONE CENT In Greater New York. Elsewhere, Jersey City and Newark. TWO CENTS. |
INDEX TO DEPARTMENTS.
Stocks weak. Financial Affairs.—Pages 8 and 9
Wheat, No. 2 red, 76c; corn. No. 2 mixed, 58⅛c; oats, No. 2 mixed, 38c; cotton, middling; 8 1–16c; iron, Northern, No. 1 foundry, $15.25; butter, Western creamery, 30½ c. Commercial World.—Page 9.
Amusements.—Page 7.
Arrivals at Hotels and Out-of-Town Buyers—Page 3.
Business Troubles.—Page 5.
Court Calendars.—Page 9.
Insurance Notes.—Page 8.
Legal Notes.—Page 12.
Losses Fire.—Page 2.
Marine Intelligence and Foreign Mails.—Page 5.
New Corporations.—Page 8.
Railroads.—Page 2.
Real Estate.—Page 10.
Society—Page 7.
United Service.—Page 7.
Weather Report.—Page 3.
Yesterday's Fires.—Page 2.
* Senator Platt Did Not Dine with Governor Odell
* British Warship Ashore?
* Killed While Making a Raid
* Americans Allege Mexican Outrage
* Canada and Reciprocity
* Miner Makes Rich Strike
* Hurt in Runaway Accident
* New Ship for Cunard Line
* Alabama Interests Consolidated
* Advertisement—Berkeley Arms
* Train Robbers Blow Open Wrong Cars
* Americans Want Lease of a British Railway
* Low Freight from Canada to Glasgow
* Advertisement—New York Central
* Bryanites Convene in a Columbus Bedroom
* Mr. Babcock's Tariff Bill
* Schoolgirls as Smugglers
* Had Tobacco in Her Trunk
* Advertisement—Hygeia Hotel
* Capt. Diamond Stood By His Detective
* Big Tree for Big Fair
* To Tax the Sugar Trust
* To Fight Quay Machine
* Advertisement—Burnett's Vanilla Extract
* America's Gold Fund Largest in the World
* Rash Marriage Prevented
* Signor Crispi Sinking
* Telegraph Line to Dawson
* Advertisement—Overland Limited
# The New York Times/1901/08/01/Advertisement—Burnett's Vanilla Extract

Burnett's Vanilla Extract
is the best. The grocers know it. Insist on having it.—Adv.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Pope Paul II

From volume 11 of the work.
(PIETRO BARBO)
Born at Venice, 1417; elected 30 August, 1464; died 26 July, 1471; son of Niccolo Barbo and Polixena Condulmer, sister of Eugene IV. Although he studied for a business career he received an excellent religious education and, at the elevation of his uncle to the papacy, entered the ecclesiastical state. He became Archdeacon of Bologna, Bishop of Cervia and of Vicenza, and in 1440 cardinal-deacon. Noted for his generosity and imposing appearance, the Cardinal of Venice, as he was called, was very influential under Eugene IV, Nicholas V, and Calixtus III, less so under Pius II. He became the latter's successor, and owed his election partly to the dissatisfaction of some of the cardinals with the policy of his predecessor. To this could be traced the oath which Barbo swore to at the conclave, but which he rightfully set aside after election, since it was opposed to the monarchial constitution of the Church. Paul II delighted in display. He introduced splendid carnival festivities, built the palace of S. Marco (now di Venezia), revised the municipal statutes of Rome, organized relief work among the poor, granted pensions to some cardinals, and to all the privilege of wearing the red biretta. His suppression in 1466 of the college of abbreviators aroused much opposition, intensified by a similar measure against the Roman Academy. Platina, a member of both organizations, who had been repeatedly imprisoned, retaliated by writing a calumnious biography of Paul II.
That Paul II was not opposed to Humanistic studies, as such, is evidenced by the fact that he protected universities, encouraged the art of printing, and was himself a collector of works of ancient art. The suppression of the Roman Academy was justified by the moral degeneracy and pagan attitude which it fostered. On the other hand the charge of immorality brought against Paul II by Gregory of Heimburg is untenable. The pope punished the Fraticelli in the Papal States, prosecuted heretics in France and Germany, decreed in 1470 the observance of the jubilee every twenty-five years, and made an unsuccessful attempt at uniting Russia with the Church. The Turkish question received his earnest attention, particularly after the fall of Negropont (1470). Financial assistance was granted to Hungary and the Albanian leader Scanderbeg. No general results were obtained, however, owing to the lack of co-operation among the Christian powers; to disturbances in the Papal States, where Paul II suppressed the robber knights of Anguillara, and perhaps chiefly to the conflict between the papacy and King George Podiebrad of Bohemia.
CANENSIUS, Vita Pauli II (Rome, 1740); GASPAR VERONENSIS, De Gestis Pauli II, partly in MURATORI, Rer. Ital. Script., III, II, 1025-53 (Milan, 1734); CREIGHTON, History of the Papacy, new ed., IV (New York, 1903), 3-63, 315-27; PASTOR, Geschichte der Päpste, II (4th ed., Freiburg, 1904), 291-447, 757-79; tr. ANTROBUS, IV (London, 1894), 3-194, 475-504.
N. A. WEBER
# The Raven

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "The Raven."
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Wikidata item.
This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* "The Raven" (1798), a poem by Samuel Taylor Coleridge.
* "The Raven" (1812), a fairy tale by Jacob Grimm and Wilhelm Grimm.
* "The Raven" (1823), a poem by Johann August Apel, translated by Thomas De Quincey.
* "The Raven" (1845), a poem by Edgar Allan Poe.
* "The Raven" (1848), a poem by Sarah Helen Whitman.
* "The Raven" (1850), a fairy tale by Giambattista Basile, translated by John Edward Taylor.
See also:
# The Rats in the Walls

"The Rats in the Walls" is a short story written written August–September 1923, and first published in Weird Tales in March 1924.Warning: template has been deprecated.
* "The Rats in the Walls" in Weird Tales, 3 (3) (March 1924)
* "The Rats in the Walls" in Weird Tales, 15 (6) (June 1930)
# The Raven; with literary and historical commentary/Bibliography

Other versions: The Raven (Poe)
BIBLIOGRAPHY.
| 1845. | January 29. | "The Raven" published in the Evening Mirror, New York. |
| " | February | In The American Review, as by "Quarles." |
| " | "8. | Republished in The Broadway Journal, New York. |
| " | Winter, | "The Raven and Other Poems," one of Wiley and Putnam's Library of American Books, New York. 16mo. |
| 1846. | | "The Raven and Other Poems," London. The first English reprint. 16mo. |
| 1850. | | In volume two of the Works: the first posthumous publication. |
| 1869. | | "Der Rabe." Uebersetzt von Carl Theodore Eben. Illustrationen von David Scattergood, Philadelphia. 8vo. |
| 1869. | | "The Raven," complete, Glasgow, 24mo. |
| 1875. | | "Le Corbeau." Traduit par Stèphen Mallarmé. Illustré par Eduard Manet. Paris. Folio. |
| 1883. | | "The Raven." Illustrated by W. L. Taylor. London and New York. 4to. |
| 1883. | | "The Raven." Illustrated by Gustave Doré. With a Comment upon the Poem by Edmund Clarence Stedman. London and New York. Folio. |
# The Raven; with literary and historical commentary

THE RAVEN
BY
EDGAR ALLAN POE
WITH
Literary and historical Commentary
BY
JOHN H. INGRAM
LONDON
GEORGE REDWAY
York Street Covent Garden
1885
DRYDEN PRESS:
J. DAVY AND SONS, 137, LONG ACRE, LONDON.
* To
* Stèphane Mallarmé,
* Paris,
* Eduard Engel,
* Berlin,
* and
* Edmund Clarence Stedman,
* New York,
* Translator of and Commentators on
* "The Raven,"
* This Volume is Inscribed by
* John H. Ingram.
PREFACE.
dgar Poe's Raven may safely be termed the most popular lyrical poem in the world. It has appeared in all shapes and styles, from the little penny Glasgow edition to the magnificent folios of Mallarmé in Paris and Stedman in New York. The journals of America and Europe are never weary of quoting it, either piece-meal or in extenso, and no collection of modern poetry would be deemed complete without it. It has been translated and commented upon by the leading literati of two continents, and an entire literature has been founded upon it. To make known that literature, and to present the cream of it in a comprehensive and available form, is the object of this little volume.
John H. Ingram.
April, 1885.
CONTENTS.
| | | PAGE |
| Genesis | | 1 |
| The Raven, with Variorum Readings | | 17 |
| History | | 24 |
| Isadore | | 35 |
| Translations: | French | 40 |
| " | German | 58 |
| " | Hungarian | 74 |
| " | Latin | 79 |
| Fabrications | | 84 |
| Parodies | | 94 |
| Bibliography | | 123 |
| Index | | 124 |
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Praxedes and Pudentiana

From volume 12 of the work.
Martyrs of an unknown era. The seventh-century itineraries to the graves of the Roman martyrs mention in the catacomb of Priscilla two female martyrs called Potentiana (Potenciana) and Praxedis (Praxidis). They occupied adjoining graves in this catacomb (De Rossi. "Roma sott.", 1, 176-7). Of the various manuscripts of the "Martyrologium Hieronymianum" only the Echtemach Codex (Cod. Eptern.) gives the name of St. Praxedes on 21 July ("Martyrol. Hieronym.", ed. De Rossi-Duchesne, 94), but it looks like a later addition, and not as if it came from the fourth-century Romar Martyrology. St. Potentiana's name is found under 19 May in the Martvrology of Reichenau. Praxedes and Pudentiana were venerated as martyrs at Rome. Later legends connect them with the founder of the old title-church of Rome, "titulus Pudentis", called also the "ecclesia Pudentiana". Legend makes Pudens a pupil of St. Peter, and Praxedes and Potentiana, his daughters. Later Potentiana became customarily known as "Pudentiana ", probably because the "ecclesia Pudentiana" was designated as "eccl. sanctae Pudentianae" and Pudentiana was identified with Potentiana. The two female figures offering their crowns to Christ in the mosaic of the apse in St. Pudentiana are probably Potentiana and Praxedes. The veneration of these martyrs therefore was in the fourth century connected in a particular manner with the "Titulus Pudentis". About that time a new church, "titulus Praxedis", was built near Santa Maria Maggiore, and the veneration of St. Praxedes was now especially connected with it. When Paschal I (817-824) rebuilt the church in its present form he translated to it the bones of Sts. Praxedes, Potentiana, and other martyrs. St. Pudentiana's feast is observed on 19 May, St. Praxedes's on 21 July.
J.P. KIRSCH
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Prayer of Quiet

From volume 12 of the work.
The Prayer of Quiet is regarded by all writers on mystical theology as one of the degrees of contemplation. It has to be distinguished therefore from meditation and from affective prayer. It holds an intermediary place between the latter and the prayer of union. As the name implies the prayer of quiet is that in which the soul experiences an extraordinary peace and rest, accompanied by delight or pleasure in contemplating God as present. In this prayer God gives to the soul an intellectual knowledge of His presence, and makes it feel that it is really in communication with Him, although He does this in a somewhat obscure manner. The manifestation increases in distinctness, as the union with God becomes of a higher order. This mystic gift cannot be acquired, because it is supernatural. It is God Himself who makes His presence felt in the inmost soul. The certain sight of God therein obtained is not the same as the light of faith, though it is founded upon faith. The gift of wisdom is especially employed in this degree, as it is in every degree of contemplation. According to Scaramelli the office of this gift, at least to a certain extent, is to render God present to the soul and so much the more present as the gift is more abundant. Some authors say that this is not to be understood of the ordinary gift of wisdom which is necessarily connected with sanctifying grace and is possessed by every just man, but of wisdom as one of the charismata or extraordinary graces of the Holy Ghost, specially granted to privileged souls.
The prayer of quiet does not entirely impede the exercise of the faculties of the soul. The will alone remains captive. The intellect and memory appear to have greater activity for the things of God in this state, but not so much for worldly affairs. They may even escape the bounds of restraint and wander on strange and useless thoughts, and yet the will, attracted by the charm of the Divine presence, continues its delights, not wholly in a passive way, but capable of eliciting fervent affections and aspirations. As to the bodily senses St. Francis de Sales tells us that persons during the prayer of quiet can hear and remember things said near them; and, quoting St. Teresa, he observes that it is a type of superstition to be so jealous of our repose as to refrain from coughing, and almost from breathing for fear of losing it. God who is the author of this peace will not deprive us of it for unavoidable bodily motions, or even for involuntary wanderings of the imagination. The spiritual fruits are:
It is by such fruits true mystics may be discerned and distinguished from false mystics. ST. TERESA, The Way of Perfection; IDEM, The Interior Castle; ST. JOHN OF THE CROSS, The Dark Night of the Soul; IDEM, Ascent of Mount Carmel; ST. FRANCIS DE SALES, Treatise on the Love of God; POULAIN, The Graces of Interior Prayer (London, 1910).
A. Devine.