OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Pace, John

​PACE, JOHN (1523?–1590?), professional fool, born about 1523, was probably son of John Pace, a brother of Richard Pace [q. v.] (cf. Letters and Papers of Henry VIII, vol. iv. pt. iii. pp. 1472–3). The elder John Pace was appointed custumer of Lynn, Norfolk, in 1522 (13 Hen. VIII), and was afterwards settled in London (ib. p. 2344, vol. iii. pt. ii. p. 889). Educated at Eton, John the younger was elected a scholar of King's College, Cambridge, in 1539. He apparently left the university without a degree, although he was popularly credited with being a master of arts. That he was soon attached in the capacity of jester to the court of Henry VIII is often stated, but the statement rests on no contemporary authority, and it is possible that those who credit Pace with the distinction confuse him with another professional fool, Robert Saxton, ordinarily called Patch, who, after attending Cardinal Wolsey with great fidelity until his death, entered the royal service (Cavendish, Life of Wolsey). There seems, however, little doubt that Pace became jester in the household of the Duke of Norfolk before Henry VIII's death, and that, in Elizabeth's reign, he was transferred to the court. That a man of education like Pace should have voluntarily assumed ‘the fool's coat’ often excited hostile comment. To such criticism Pace's friend, John Heywood [q. v.] the epigrammatist, once answered that it was better for the common weal for wise men to ‘go in fools' coats’ than for fools to ‘go in wise men's gowns’ (Camden, Remaines, ed. 1857, p. 314). Two examples of Pace's wit are extant, but neither reaches a high level of excellence. Cardinal Allen relates in his ‘Apology’ (p. 58) that when the English government interdicted the circulation of catholic books in England, ‘madde J. Pace, meeting one day with M. Juel [i.e. John Jewel, bishop of Salisbury], saluted his lordship courtly, and said, “Now, my Lord, you may be at rest with these felowes, for you are quit by proclamation.”’ Bacon relates in his ‘Apophthegms’ (Works, ed. Spedding, Ellis, and Heath, vii. 125) that ‘Pace the bitter fool was not suffered to come at the Queen because of his bitter humour. Yet at one time some persuaded the Queen that he should come to her; undertaking for him that he should keep compass. So he was brought to her, and the Queen said: “Come on, Pace; now we shall hear of our faults.” Saith Pace: “I do not use to talk of that that all the town talks of.”’ Pace was dead before 1592.
Nash, in the ‘Address to the Printer’ of his, ‘Pierce Pennilesse’ (1592), complains that the printer's haste in sending the book through the press had prevented him from appending ‘certayne epistles’ which he had written ‘to the Ghost of Pace, the Duke of ​Norfolk's jester.’ These ‘Epistles’ are not known elsewhere.
S. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hare, William

​HARE, WILLIAM (fl. 1829), criminal. [See under Burke, William, 1792–1829.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hargreaves, James (1768-1845)

​HARGREAVES, JAMES (1768–1845), Baptist minister, was born near Bacup, Lancashire, on 13 Nov. 1768. He was set to work when only seven years old. At thirteen his uncle, a publican, sent him to school for a few months, so that he might be useful in keeping his accounts. At eighteen he left his uncle's public-house. Before that time he had become interested in theological discussions, and was led to study the Bible. In 1791 he married, and soon after was induced by a clergyman named Ogden to begin preaching. He left the church of England in 1794 and joined the baptist society at Bacup, becoming a minister of that body, and exercising his calling at Bolton, Lancashire, from 1795 to 1798. In the latter year he removed to Ogden in the same county, where he remained until 1822. While at Ogden he successfully conducted a school, in addition to attending to his pastoral duties. He removed to Wild Street Chapel, London, in 1822, and to the baptist chapel at Waltham Abbey Cross, Essex, in 1828. He joined the Peace Society soon after its formation, and eventually became its secretary. His first publication seems to be 'The Great Physician and his Method of Cure,' &c., 1797. He afterwards wrote a great number of tracts, addresses, and sermons, and many contributions to baptist periodicals. His more important works were: 1. 'The Life and Memoir of the Rev. John Hirst of Bacup,' &c., Rochdale, 1816, 12mo. This is a valuable record of religious life in East Lancashire. 2. 'The Doctrine of Eternal Reprobation Disproved,' 1821, 12mo. 3. 'Essays and Letters on important Theological Subjects,' 1833, 8vo. He died at Waltham Abbey Cross on 16 Sept. 1845, aged 77.
[Newbigging's Forest of Rossendale, 1868,. p. 178.]
C. W. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Harflete, Henry

​HARFLETE, HENRY (fl. 1653), author, eldest son of Henry Harflete of Hills Court, Ash-next-Sandwich, Kent, and Mary, daughter and heiress of George Slaughter of Ash, was born in 1580, and inherited his father's law books in 1608. He married about 1620 Dorcas, daughter of Joshua Pordage of Sandwich, by whom he had six sons and four daughters. In 1630 he was admitted a member of Gray's Inn (Harleian MS. 1912, pp. 38, 113), and would seem to have spent his ​life in literary and scientific studies. He published 'The Hunting of the Fox, or, Flattery Displayed . . . by H. H. Grayens,' 1632, sm. 8vo; dedicated to Sir Christopher Harflete (Cat. of Huth Library, ii. 651, and Arber, Transcript of the Stationers' Registers, iv. 236). The British Museum Library contains what is probably an unauthorised reprint of this work in 12mo, with the date 1657, and the words 'written by T. F.' on the title-page. Harflete is best known by his next publication 'Vox Cœlorum. Predictions defended, or the Voice of the Celestiall Light, wherein is proved Five things . . . With a vindication of M. William Lilly, his reputation against the Epirrhesian Antagonists, in these times of New Lights, by Henry Harflete, practitioner in the mathematickes,' London, n.d. The date of 1645 written in the British Museum copy of this work is too early, for it contains references (pp. 55, 58) to W. Lilly's 'Anglicus; or an Ephemeris for 1646.' It is dedicated to John Boys of Gray's Inn, M.P., and contains an epistle 'to all Astronomers, Astrologers, to all reall Masters of Arts, and to all true lovers of the Arts and Sciences,' signed 'a well-wisher to the Mathematicks, Henry Harflete.' Harflete finally published 'A Banquet of Essayes, Fetcht out of Famous Owens Confectionary, Disht out, and serv'd up at the Table of Mecoenas, by Henry Harflete, sometime of Grayes-Inne, gent,' London, 1653, 12mo. This consists of seven essays on one of Owen's epigrams, in which occur frequent translations in verse from Horace, Owen, &c. It is dedicated to my 'Friend and Kindsman, Sir Christopher Harflete.'
[Brit. Mus. Cat.; J. E. Planche (A Corner of Kent, 1864, p. 349) traces the Harflete family, and discusses the identity of the author of Vox Cœlorum.]
R. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hargrave, Francis

​HARGRAVE, FRANCIS (1741?–1821), legal antiquary, son of Christopher Hargrave of Chancery Lane, London, was born about 1741. He entered as a student at Lincoln's Inn in 1760. In 1772 he attained considerable prominence at the bar in the habeas corpus case of the negro, James Sommersett. Soon afterwards he was appointed one of the king's counsel. In 1797 he was made recorder of Liverpool, and for many years was treasurer of Lincoln's Inn and a leading parliamentary lawyer. He published the following works: 1. ‘An Argument in the case of James Sommersett, a Negro, wherein it is attempted to demonstrate the present unlawfulness of Domestic Slavery in England,’ 1772; 3rd edit. 1788. Also in Howell's ‘State Trials,’ vol. xx. 2. ‘An Argument in Defence of Literary Property,’ 1774, 8vo. 3. ‘Coke upon Lyttleton,’ edited by F. Hargrave and Charles Butler, 1775. 4. ‘State Trials from Henry IV to 19 George III,’ 1776, 11 vols. fol. 5. ‘A Collection of Tracts relative to the Law of England, from manuscripts by Hale, Norburie, Blackstone, Hargrave, and others,’ 1787, 4to. 6. ‘Opinion on the case of the Duke of Athol in respect of the Isle of Man,’ 1788. 7. ‘Brief Deductions relative to the Aid and Supply of Executive Power in cases of Infancy, Delirium, or other incapacity of the King,’ 1788, anonymous. 8. ‘Collectanea Juridica: consisting of Cases, Tracts,’ &c., 2 vols. 1791–2, 8vo. 9. ‘Sir M. Hale's Jurisdiction of the Lords' House of Parliament, with Preface by F. H.,’ 1796, 4to. 10. ‘Juridical Arguments and Collections,’ 1797–9, 2 vols. 4to. The arguments in the Thellusson will case were reprinted from this work separately in 1799, and a new edition by J. F. Hargrave was published in 1842. 11. ‘Address to the Grand Jury at the Liverpool Sessions on the present Crisis of Public Affairs,’ 1804, 8vo. 12. ‘Jurisconsult Exercitations,’ 1811–13, 3 vols. 4to.
In 1813 his mind broke down, and parliament was petitioned by his wife, Diana Hargrave, to purchase his valuable library of legal manuscripts and printed books, many of the latter containing copious annotations; and on the recommendation of the House of Commons committee, who fully acknowledged Hargrave's eminent services to the public, especially in his published works, his library was purchased by government for 8,000l., and deposited in the British Museum. A catalogue of the manuscripts was compiled by Sir Henry Ellis, and published in 1818.
Hargrave died on 16 Aug. 1821, and was buried in the vault under the chapel of Lincoln's Inn. Lord Lyndhurst, in a speech delivered in the House of Lords, 7 Feb. 1856 said of him that ‘no man ever lived who was more conversant with the law of the country.’
[Gent. Mag. 1821, ii. 282; Commons' Journal, lxviii. 944; Edwards's Founders of the Brit. Mus. 1870, p. 443; Allibone's Dict. of Authors, i. 786; Liverpool Mercury, 31 Aug. 1821, p. 70; information from Mr. J. Nicholson, librarian of Lincoln's Inn.]
C. W. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Harewood, Earl of

​HAREWOOD, Earl of (1767–1841). [See Lascelles, Henry.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Quincey, Thomas de

​QUINCEY, THOMAS de (1785–1859), author. [See De Quincey.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Quinton, James Wallace

​QUINTON, JAMES WALLACE (1834–1891), chief commissioner of Assam, the son of a wine merchant in Enniskillen, was educated at Trinity College, Dublin, and graduated B.A. in 1853. Having been appointed to the Bengal civil service in 1856, he served in the North-West Provinces and Oudh until 1875, when he officiated for two years as judicial commissioner in Burma. Returning to the North-West Provinces in 1877, he was appointed magistrate and collector of the Allahabad district in April 1877, and officiating civil and sessions judge in April 1878. He was on special duty in July 1878 at Naini Tál as a member of the North-West Provinces famine commission. He afterwards served as commissioner in the Jhánsi and Lucknow divisions, and in February 1883 was appointed an additional member of the governor-general's council, an office which he held in 1884, and again in 1886 and 1889. In the earlier of those years he was an ardent supporter of Lord Ripon's policy, which the majority of Anglo-Indians strongly disapproved. In 1884 he was appointed commissioner of the Agra division, and became a member of the board of revenue in 1885. He served as a member of the public service commission in 1886. He was gazetted C.S.I. in 1887, and was appointed chief commissioner of Assam on 22 Oct. 1889.
In March 1891, owing to a rebellion having broken out in the small native state of Manipur, led by two of the younger brothers of the rájá, who abdicated and took refuge at Calcutta, Quinton was sent to Manipur with an escort of five hundred Ghurkhas, and with instructions to recognise as the ruler of the state the second brother, who was acting as regent, and to arrest one of the younger brothers, who, as sínapati, or commander of the forces, had been the prime mover in the deposition of the late rájá. Quinton reached Manipur on 22 March, and at once summoned a durbar, at which he intended to arrest the sínapati. The latter, however, did not attend, and upon an attempt being made on the following day to arrest him in the fort, resistance was made by the Manipur troops, and was followed by an attack upon the British residency and camp, attended by considerable slaughter. Quinton thereupon offered to treat with the rebels, and was induced to repair to the fort, accompanied by Frank St. Clair Grimwood, the political agent, by Colonel Skene, the officer commanding the Ghurkhas, and by two other officers, all without arms. Immediately on their arrival they were taken prisoners and murdered. Quinton's hand was cut off, his body hacked to pieces, and his dismembered limbs thrown outside the city walls to be devoured by pariah dogs. Manipur was subsequently retaken by a British force; the sínapati was hanged, and the regent deposed. A young boy belonging to the family was recognised as rájá, and during his minority the government of the state was entrusted to a British officer as political resident. Pensions of 300l. and 100l. a year respectively were granted to Quinton's widow and mother.
G. C. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Raby, Baron

​RABY, Baron. [See Wentworth, Thomas, third Baron, afterwards Earl of Strafford, d. 1739.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Rackett, Thomas

​RACKETT, THOMAS (1757–1841), antiquary, born in 1757, was son of Thomas Rackett of Wandsworth, Surrey. At the age of fourteen he recited to Garrick the latter's ode for the Shakespearean jubilee so admirably that Garrick presented him ‘with a gilt copy of it.’ Next year (1771) Garrick gave him a folio copy of Shakespeare with a laudatory inscription. Forrest and Paul Sandby taught Rackett drawing. John Hunter directed his attention as a boy to the study of natural history, and gave him, what Rackett much valued, a piece of caoutchouc, then little known in England. He matriculated from University College, Oxford, on 16 Nov. 1773, and graduated B.A. in 1777 and M.A. in 1780. At the same time he became rector of Spetisbury with Charlton-Marshall, Dorset, and held the living for more than sixty years.
Rackett, although he devoted himself to his parish, was interested in every branch of science, and was a good musician. But his leisure was mainly occupied in antiquarian researches, and he spent much time in scientific study in London. He came to know Gough, King, Sir R. C. Hoare, and Canon Bowles. He helped Hutchins in the second edition of his ‘History of Dorset,’ and rambled on his pony over the whole of that county exploring its antiquities. Late in life he collected and took casts of ancient seals and coins. In 1794 and 1796 he accompanied Hatchett and Dr. Maton in a tour through the western counties and collected minerals. When an octogenarian he enthusiastically studied conchology, and, in conjunction with Tiberius Cavallo [q. v.] (to whom he offered a home at Spetisbury), pursued astronomy. He was a fellow of the Royal Society, of the Society of Antiquaries, and of the Linnean Society. He died at Spetisbury on 29 Nov. 1841. Rackett married, in 1781, Dorothea, daughter of James Tattersall, rector of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, and of Streatham. All his children predeceased him except Dorothea, wife of S. Solly of Heathside, near Poole, Dorset.
Rackett wrote:
* ‘A Description of Otterden Place and Church and of the Archiepiscopal Palace at Charing in the county of Kent; accompanied by Genealogical Memoirs of the Family of Wheler and Anecdotes of some of the early Experiments in Electricity,’ London, 1832. Rackett drew the frontispiece of Otterden Place and also the view of the palace. This book, written to please Mrs. Wheler, his niece, first appeared as an essay in the ‘Gentleman's Magazine,’ 1832.
* ‘An Historical Account of Testaceological Writers,’ in conjunction with W. G. Maton, M.D. (published in ‘Transactions of the Linnean Society’); a bound copy, now in the British Museum, was presented in 1804 to Sir J. Banks ‘with the respectful compliments of the authors.’
[Nichols's Illustr. of Lit. v. 853, vi. 237–41; Gent. Mag. 1841, ii. 428.]
M. G. W.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Raban, Edward

​RABAN, EDWARD (d. 1658), printer in Aberdeen, was an Englishman by birth, and was said to have been a native of Worcestershire. For this statement there is no direct evidence, though in ‘Rabans Resolution against Drunkennesse,’ printed in 1622, he speaks of his ‘father's brother, Peter Raban, a parson at Meltonmowbre in Wooster-shyre.’ In 1600 Raban set off, along with a number of ‘bankrout merchands and run-away prentizes,’ to serve with the army in the Netherlands. He served in the wars for some ten years, and after that time seems to have travelled over a considerable portion of the continent. In 1620 he started as a printer in Edinburgh, at the sign of the A. B. C., in a house at the Cowgate Port, but he printed only one book, so far as has yet been discovered, in that town. In the same year he appears at St. Andrews, where he opened a shop with his old sign of the A. B. C. After remaining two years he travelled further north, and in 1622 settled in Aberdeen. Here he met with considerable encouragement from the authorities of the town and the university, and also from Bishop Forbes, who remained through life his firm friend. The house he occupied was on the north side of Castle Street, with the sign of ‘The Townes Armes.’ From 1622 to 1645 he printed continuously, issuing, besides a number of academic productions, some extremely interesting Scottish books. In 1649 his last book appeared, and in the following year his successor, James Brown, was appointed. Former writers, as a rule, have given 1649 as the date of his death, but this matter has been definitely settled by the discovery of the entry of his burial, ‘1658, Dec. 6, Edward Rabein, at Wast dyk.’ Raban was twice married: first, to Janet Johnston, who died in 1627; and, secondly, to Janet Ailhous.
E. G. D.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Quincy, John

​QUINCY, JOHN, M.D. (d. 1722), medical writer, was apprenticed to an apothecary, and afterwards practised medicine as an apothecary in London. He was a dissenter and a whig, a friend of Dr. Richard Mead [q. v.], and an enemy of Dr. John Woodward [q. v.] He published in 1717 a ‘Lexicon Physico-medicum,’ dedicated to John, duke of Montagu, who had just been admitted a fellow of the College of Physicians of London. It is based on the admirable medical lexicon of Bartholomew Castellus, published at Basle in 1628, and went through eleven editions, of which the last two appeared respectively in 1794 and 1811 (greatly revised). His ‘English Dispensatory’ (1721), of which a fourth ​edition appeared in 1722 and a twelfth in 1749, contains a complete account of the materia medica and of therapeutics, and many of the prescriptions contained in it were long popular. He studied mathematics and the philosophy of Sir Isaac Newton, and received the degree of M.D. from the university of Edinburgh for his ‘Medicina Statica Britannica’ (1712), a translation of the ‘Aphorisms’ of Sanctorius, of which a second edition appeared in 1720. In 1719 he published a scurrilous ‘Examination’ of Woodward's ‘State of Physick and Diseases.’ A reply, entitled ‘An Account of Dr. Quincy's Examination, by N. N. of the Middle Temple,’ speaks of him as a bankrupt apothecary, a charge to which he makes no reply in the second edition of his ‘Examination’ published, with a further ‘letter to Dr. Woodward,’ in 1720. In the same year he published an edition of the Loimologia of Nathaniel Hodges [q. v.], and a collection of ‘Medico-physical Essays’ on ague, fevers, gout, leprosy, king's evil, and other diseases, which shows that he knew little of clinical medicine, and was only skilful in the arrangement of drugs in prescriptions. He considered dried millipedes good for tuberculous lymphatic glands, but esteemed the royal touch a method ‘that can take place only on a deluded imagination,’ and ‘justly banished with the superstition and bigotry that introduced it.’ Joseph Collet, governor of Fort St. George, was one of his patrons, and Quincy printed in 1713 a laudatory poem on their common friend, the Rev. Joseph Stennett [q. v.] He died in 1722, and in 1723 his ‘Prælectiones Pharmaceuticæ,’ lectures which had been delivered at his own house, were published with a preface by Dr. Peter Shaw.
N. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Quælly, Malachias

​QUÆLLY, MALACHIAS (d. 1645), archbishop of Tuam, called by Irish writers Maelseachlainn Ua Cadhla, by Colgan Queleus, and erroneously by Carte, O'Kelly, was son of Donatus Quælly, and was born in Clare. He belonged to a family which ruled Connemara till 1238, when they were conquered by the O'Flaherties. He became a student at the college of Navarre in Paris, and there graduated D.D. He returned to Ireland, became vicar-apostolic of Killaloe, and on 11 Oct. 1631 was consecrated archbishop of Tuam, in succession to Florence Conroy [q. v.], at Galway, by Thomas Walsh, archbishop of Cashel, Richard Arthur, bishop of Limerick, and Baeghalach Mac Aedhagain, bishop of Elphin. In 1632 he presided at a council held at Galway to enforce the decrees of the council of Trent in Ireland. He caused the ancient wooden figure of St. Mac Dara in the church of Cruachmic Dara, co. Galway, to be buried on the island, probably in consequence of some superstitious proceedings to which it had given rise. He attended the assembly of the confederate catholics at Kilkenny in 1645, and Innocent X recommended him by letter to Rinuccini as a man to be trusted. He wrote to John Colgan [q. v.] an interesting account of the Isles of Arran, describing their churches, which had not then been desecrated. It is printed in Colgan's ‘Acta Sanctorum Hiberniæ’ (p. 714), and is translated in Hardiman's edition of Roderic O'Flaherty's ‘Description of West Connaught.’ He raised a body of fighting men in Galway and Mayo, and joined the forces of Sir James Dillon, near Ballysadare, co. Sligo. On Sunday, 26 Oct. 1645, Viscount Taafe and Dillon dined with Quælly, and while they were dining the Irish forces were attacked by Sir Charles Coote, Sir William Cole, and Sir Francis Hamilton, ​and put to flight. The archbishop's secretary, Tadhg O'Connell, was slain in trying to save his master, and the archbishop himself was first wounded by a pistol-shot, and then cut down, being tall, fat, and unwieldy. Glamorgan's agreement with the confederate catholics and a letter from Charles I were found in his pocket (Carte, bk. iv.). Walter Lynch on the Irish side gave 30l. for his body, which was carried to Tuam. It was reburied some time later by Brigit, lady Athenry, but the tomb is no longer known. Dr. Edmund Meara or O'Meara [q. v.] wrote an epitaph for him in Latin verse, but failed to discover his burial-place.
[Carte's Life of Ormonde, bk. iv.; Colgan's Acta Sanctorum Hiberniæ; O'Flaherty's West Connaught, ed. Hardiman, Irish Archæological Society, Dublin, 1846; Gilbert's Cont. Hist. of Affairs, i. 93–4, 418; Kelly's Cambrensis Eversus, Celtic Soc. Dublin, 1848, vol. i.; Meehan's Rise and Fall of the Irish Franciscan Monasteries, Dublin, 1872.]
N. M.