OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The New International Encyclopædia/Sievers, Eduard

Edition of 1905. See also Eduard Sievers on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
SIEVERS, zē'vẽrs, Eduard (1850—). A German philologist, born at Lippoldsberg, Prussia. He was educated at Leipzig and Berlin, and became professor extraordinarius of Germanic and Romance philology at Jena in 1871, receiving a full professorship there five years later. In 1883 he went to Tübingen, and in 1887 to Halle, whence he was called in 1892 to Leipzig. Among the numerous contributions of Sievers to Germanic philology, may be mentioned his editions of Tatian (2d ed. 1892), the Heliand (1878), and, in collaboration with Steinmeyer, Die althochdeutschen Glossen (4 vols., 1879-98), besides the Oxforder Benediktinerregel (1887). His original works on Germanics include Der Heliand und die angelsächsische Genesis (1875), Angelsächsische Grammatik (3d ed. 1898), and Zum angelsächsischen Vokalismus (1900). He also made important contributions to metrics in his Altgermanische Metrik (1892) and his Metrische Studien (1901-02), dealing with Hebrew metres, while his Grundzüge der Phonetik (5th ed. 1901) is one of the standard works on phonetics. In 1891 he became an editor of Paul and Branne's Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Litteratur, and contributed to Paul's Grundriss der germanischen Philologie (Strassburg, 1891 et seq.) the sections on runes, Gothic language and literature, and Germanic metre.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Simrock, Karl Joseph

Edition of 1905. See also Karl Joseph Simrock on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
SIMROCK, sĭm'rṓk, Karl Joseph (1802-76). A German poet and scholar. He was born at Bonn, studied there and at Berlin, entered the civil service in 1826, and in 1827 published a translation of the Nibelungenlied, which has become classic in more than fifty editions. He followed this with metrical renderings of Hartmann von Aue's Der arme Heinrich (1830), was expelled from the Prussian service for a political poem, and gave himself wholly to literature, modernizing the poems of Walther von der Vogelweide (1833); the Parzival of Wolfram von Eschenbach (1842); Reineke Fuchs (1845); the Edda (1851); Gottfried von Strassburg's Tristan und Isolde (1855); the Old Saxon Heljand (1856); the Anglo-Saxon Beowulf (1859); Der Wartburgkrieg (1858); Brant's Narrenschiff (1872); and other less important works. Simrock wrote many works on German legends, proverbs, etc., and also published a study of the sources of Shakespeare. From 1850 till his death he was professor of the Old German language and literature at Bonn. Consult Hocker, Karl Simrock (Leipzig, 1877).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Sinope

Edition of 1905. See also Sinop, Turkey on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​SINO′PE. An ancient city of Asia Minor. See Sinub.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Sigel, Franz

Edition of 1905. See also Franz Sigel on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
SIGEL, sē'gel, Franz (1824-1902). A German-American soldier, born at Sinsheim, in Baden. In 1848 he took a prominent part in the revolutionary movement in Baden, and on the renewed outbreak of the insurrection, in the spring of 1849, commanded the troops on the Neckar. In May he was made a member of the provisional government and Minister of War; later he became Mieroslawski's adjutant-general, and after that general's retirement, in July, Sigel led the remainder of the revolutionary army, which retreated into Switzerland. In 1852 he emigrated to the United States; and in 1858 he went to Saint Louis, where he taught in a German military institute, and edited a military periodical. On the outbreak of the Civil War he espoused the side of the North, and organized a regiment of infantry and a battery of artillery, which rendered good service in the occupation of Camp Jackson. On July 5, 1861, he was defeated in the battle of Carthage; later he took part in the battle of Dug Springs; and after the death of General Lyon at Wilson's Creek, conducted the retreat of the army. He was made a brigadier-general of volunteers, and at the battle of Pea Ridge, March 8, 1862, he ordered a well-timed charge which decided the day. Soon afterwards he was made a major-general of volunteers, and was placed in command of Harper's Ferry. He commanded the First Corps in the campaign which terminated with the second battle of Bull Run, August, 1862, and in February, 1864, was given command of the Department of West Virginia. He soon afterwards led an expedition into the Shenandoah Valley, but on May 15th was defeated at New Market by a superior force under General Breckenridge. In consequence he was relieved of his command by General Hunter, and was put in charge of the division guarding Harper's Ferry. In the following July, he successfully defended Maryland Heights against General Early, but the Administration had lost confidence in him, and he was relieved of command. He resigned from the army in May, 1865, and was for a short time editor of the Baltimore Wecker. From 1871 until 1874 he was register of New York City, and from 1886 until 1889 was United States pension agent at the same place. He also lectured, engaged in the advertising business, and for several years published the New York Monthly, a German-American periodical.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Sinnett, Alfred Percy

Edition of 1905. See also Alfred Percy Sinnett on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​SIN′NETT, Alfred Percy (1840—). An English journalist and theosophist, born in London. He was educated at the London University School. In 1859 he became assistant sub-editor of the Globe and subsequently leader-writer on other London newspapers. In 1865 he went out to Hong Kong as editor of the Daily Press. Returning to England in 1868, he served on the staff of the Standard till 1872, when he became editor of the Pioneer of Allahabad in India. In 1879 he joined the Theosophical Society of London, of which he afterwards became president. His occult works have had extensive circulation. They include: The Occult World (1881); Esoteric Buddhism (1883); Life of Madame Blavatsky (1886); The Growth of the Soul (1896); and two occult romances, Karma (1885) and United (1886). He made contributions to the published transactions of the London Lodge of the Theosophical Society.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Sievers, Jakob Johann

Edition of 1905. See also Jacob Sievers on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
SIEVERS, Jakob Johann, or Yakoff Yefimovitch, Count (1731-1808). A Russian statesman, born at Wesenberg, Esthonia. He served in the Foreign Office, was secretary to the Copenhagen and London embassies, and was in active service in the Seven Years' War. Made Governor of Novgorod (1764) and Governor-General of Novgorod, Tver, and Pskov (1776-81), he introduced many important reforms. After eight years of retirement he was appointed (1789) Ambassador to Poland, and was chiefly instrumental in bringing about the second and third partitions of Poland. Recalled in 1794, he lived in retirement until Czar Paul made him Senator (1796), and in 1797 he was intrusted with the direction of water communications. The canal he built (1798-1803) between the Volkhoff and Msta Rivers bears his name. Consult Blum, Ein russischer Staatsmann. Des Grafen Jacob Johann Sievers Denkwürdigkeiten zur Geschichte Russlands (Leipzig, 1857-58).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Iddings, Joseph Paxson

Edition of 1905. See also Joseph P. Iddings on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ ID′DINGS, Joseph Paxson (1857—). An American geologist, born in Baltimore, Md. He graduated at the Sheffield Scientific School of Yale in 1877, was a graduate student and assistant in mechanical drawing and surveying there until 1878, and continued his studies in geology and microscopic petrography at Columbia University and Heidelberg. From 1880 until 1892 he was in the service of the United States Geological Survey, to which he returned in 1895. In 1892 he became assistant professor, and in 1895 professor, of petrology at the University of Chicago. His Government explorations were described in many reports and contributions to scientific journals. Among his more important writings are: The Nature and Origin of Lithophysæ and the Lamination of Acid Lavas (1887), reprinted from the American Journal of Science; On the Development of Crystallization in the Igneous Rocks of Washoe, Nev. (1885), with Arnold Hague; and The Origin of Igneous Rocks (1892), in the Bulletin of the Washington Philosophical Society.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Illinois and Michigan Canal

Edition of 1905. See also the disclaimer.
​ ILLINOIS AND MICHIGAN CANAL. See Canal.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Illinois, University of

Edition of 1905. See also University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ ILLINOIS, University of. The State University of Illinois, occupying a site of 600 acres, between the cities of Urbana and Champaign. It was chartered in 1867 as the Illinois Industrial University, and assumed its present name in 1885. In 1870 women were admitted as students, and now form about one-sixth of the whole attendance. The university is divided into six colleges: Literature and arts, science, engineering, agriculture, law, and medicine, including schools of library and science, art and design, music, military science, and pedagogy, and preparatory and graduate departments. The State laboratory of natural history and the United States agricultural experiment station for Illinois are departments of the university, but have separate financial support. The schools of pharmacy, medicine, and dentistry are situated in Chicago. The university owns valuable collections in zoölogy, geology, and other departments, an art gallery, and an excellent collection of historical portraits. The library contains about 60,000 volumes, exclusive of special departmental libraries. The university holds a summer session of nine weeks designed primarily for teachers. It maintains close relations with the high schools of the State through a careful system of inspection and accrediting. It has developed rapidly, and is constantly engaged in scientific investigations bearing upon the interests of the State. In 1902 it had 21 buildings, 300 instructors, and over 3200 students, of whom about 1000 were in attendance at the undergraduate college. At the same time its endowment amounted to $645,000, its buildings and grounds were valued at $1,175,000, and its annual income, mainly derived from legislative appropriations, was $780,000.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Illinois College

Edition of 1905. See also Illinois College on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ ILLINOIS COLLEGE. The oldest collegiate institution of Illinois, founded in 1829 at Jacksonville, Ill., in part through the efforts of the Eastern organization known as the ‘Yale Band.’ The curriculum is arranged on the group system, with elective courses after the freshman year, and leads to the bachelor's and master's degrees. The college had, in 1902, 65 collegiate and 42 preparatory students and 18 instructors. At the same time the value of its grounds and buildings was $150,000, and its endowment $155,000. The college library contains about 11,000 volumes, supplemented by about 4000 volumes in the libraries of the literary societies.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Ide

Edition of 1905. See also Ide (fish) on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ IDE (Norweg., Swed. id, roach). A fish (Leuciscus idus), closely allied to the roach. It inhabits the lakes of the northern parts of Europe, and ascends rivers in April and May to spawn. It is excellent for the table. A gold-colored variety, called ‘orfe,’ is bred in Germany, and is sold extensively for ornamental aquariums.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Ideler, Christian Ludwig

Edition of 1905. See also Christian Ludwig Ideler on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
IDELER, ē′de-lẽr, Christian Ludwig (1766-1846). A German astronomer and chronologist, born at Gross-Brese, near Perleberg, in Prussia. After holding various offices he received a professorship at the University of Berlin in 1821, and in 1829 he was made a foreign member of the Institute of France. Ideler's most important works are: Handbuch der mathematischen und technischen Chronologie (2 vols., 1825-26; 2d ed. 1883), which was the first work that presented a clear view of the reckoning of time
among the ancients; and Die Zeitrechnung der Chinesen (1839), a supplement to the Handbuch. He also wrote, in conjunction with Nolte, handbooks of the French and English languages and literatures, which passed through numerous editions.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Iddesleigh, first Earl of

Edition of 1905. See also the disclaimer.
​ IDDESLEIGH, ĭdz′lĭ, first Earl of. See Northcote.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Imago

Edition of 1905. See also the disclaimer.
IMA'GO. The adult, sexually mature form of an insect which passes through metamorphoses. See Metamorphosis.
# The Most Ancient Lives of Saint Patrick/The Life and Acts of St. Patrick/Chapter 184

How he passed the Night Season.
And in a wondrous manner dividing the night season, thus did this wakeful guardian and laborer in the Lord's vineyard distinguish that also. For in the earliest part thereof having with two hundred genuflexions and one hundred psalms praised God, then applied he unto study and in the latter part, he plunged himself into cold water, and raising his heart, his voice, his eyes, and his hands towards heaven, offered he one hundred and fifty prayers. Afterward he stretched himself on a bare stone, and of another stone making a pillow, he rested his most sanctified body with a short sleep; or, that more clearly we may speak, he refreshed himself unto the labor of his continual conflict. With such rest indulging, he girded his loins with roughest hair-cloth, the which had been dipped in cold water; lest haply the law of the flesh, warring in his members against the law of the Spirit, should excite any spark of the old leaven. Thus did Saint Patrick with spare and meagre food, and with the coarsest clothing, offer himself a holy and living sacrifice, acceptable unto God; nor suffered he the enemy to touch in him the walls of Jerusalem, but he inflicted on his own flesh the penance of perpetual barrenness; and that he should not bring forth children which might hereafter be worthy of death, made he his spirit fruitful of abundant fruit.
# The Most Ancient Lives of Saint Patrick/The Life and Acts of St. Patrick/Chapter 186

Of the Sick whom he healed, and the Dead whom he raised; and of his Disciples who recorded his Acts.
Therefore under this most sanctified rule of life did he shine in so many and so great miracles that he appeared second to no other saint. For the blind and the lame, the deaf and the dumb, the palsied, the lunatic, the leprous, the epileptic, all who labored under any disease, did he in the name of the Holy Trinity restore unto the power of their limbs and unto entire health; and in these good deeds was he daily practised. Thirty and three dead men, some of whom had many years been buried, did this great reviver raise from the dead, as above we have more fully recorded. And of all those things which so wondrously he did in the world, sixty and six books are said to have been written, whereof the greater part perished by fire in the reigns of Gurmundus and of Turgesius. But four books of his virtues and his miracles yet remain, written partly in the Hibernian, partly in the Latin language; and which at different times four of his disciples composed—namely, his successor, the blessed Benignus; the Bishop Saint Mel; the Bishop Saint Lumanus, who was his nephew; and his grand-nephew Saint Patricius, who after the decease of his uncle returned into Britain, and died in the church of Glascon. Likewise did Saint Evinus collect into one volume the acts of Saint Patrick, the which is written partly in the Hibernian and partly in the Latin tongue. From all which, whatsoever we could meet most worthy of belief, have we deemed right to transmit in this our work unto after-times.
# The Most Ancient Lives of Saint Patrick/The Life and Acts of St. Patrick/Chapter 187

The Angelic Voice showeth unto Saint Patrick of his Death and of the Place of his Burial.
And Patrick, the beloved of the Lord, being full of days and of good works, and now faithfully finishing the time of his appointed ministry, saw, as well by the divine revelation as by the dissolution of his earthly tabernacle, that the evening of his life was drawing near. And being then nigh unto Ulydia, he hastened his journey toward the metropolitan seat, Ardmachia; for earnestly he desired to lay in that place the remains of his sanctified body, and in the sight of his sons whom he had brought forth unto Christ to be consigned unto the common mother. But the event changed the purpose of the holy man; that all might know, according to the testimony of the Scriptures, that the way of man is not in his own power, but that his steps are directed of God. For the Angel Victor met him while on his journey, and said unto him: "Stay thou, O Patrick, thy feet from this thy purpose, since it is not the divine will that in Ardmachia thy life should be closed or thy body therein be sepultured; for in Ulydia, the first place of all Hibernia which thou didst convert, hath the Lord provided that thou shalt die, and that in the city of Dunum thou shall be honorably buried. And there shall be thy resurrection; but in Ardmachia, which thou so lovest, shall be the successive ministry of the grace which hath been on thee bestowed. Therefore remember thy word, wherewith thou gavest hope unto thy first converts, the sons of Dichu; when, instructed of heaven, thou didst foretell unto them that in their land thou wouldest die and be buried." And at the word of the angel the saint was grieved; but quickly returning unto himself, embraced he the divine Providence with much devotion and thanksgiving, and submitting his own will unto the will of God, he returned into Ulydia.
# The Most Ancient Lives of Saint Patrick/The Life and Acts of St. Patrick/Chapter 19

How he Overcame the Temptation of the Enemy.
The wonderful Ruler of all things, the more he exalts with signs and with wonders his elect whom he loveth, the more does he, according to the Apostle, suffer them to fall into divers temptations, that they may learn and know how to preserve their strength in God, who is their maker, and trust to nothing in themselves or of themselves. Wherefore Patrick, the beloved and the elect of God, is suffered by the divine will to be grievously tempted of Satan, to increase the confusion of the tempter and the glory of him who was tempted, and lest he should be lifted up by the greatness of his miracles or his fastings. For in the night season the prince of darkness rushed on him, and oppressed him as with the weight of a huge stone, and, falling on him, the tempter took from him all sense and motion, causing to him darkness and heaviness, and for the space of three days ceased not to torment and lash him beyond human power to endure. But the saint in his tribulation cried unto the Lord, thrice in His name invoking Elias, the prince of prophets, unto his aid. And Elias, being sent of the Lord with a great brightness, freed him from the pressure of the enemy that hemmed him round, and, wonderfully illumining him both within and without, refreshed the powers of his limbs and his senses. And the enemy of mankind, being put to confusion, was compelled to own himself vanquished by Patrick, and that ever after he could have no power to prevail against him.
# The Most Ancient Lives of Saint Patrick/The Life and Acts of St. Patrick/Chapter 182

Saint Vinvaloeus is miraculously stayed by Saint Patrick from his purposed Journey.
And in Lesser Britain lived a venerable man, named Vinvaloeus, who was even from his infancy renowned for signs and wonders; for as his acts are recorded, very many exceeding great miracles are attested to have been done by him. And he, the south wind so blowing that all his perfumes breathed forth, heard the holy name of Saint Patrick, and earnestly desired he to hasten unto the odor of his virtues. And long time he pondered and desired; and at length determined he to leave his country and his parents, and to go unto Hibernia to serve Christ under the discipulate and disciplinate of Saint Patrick; but when the night came, with the morrow whereof he purposed to begin his journey, he beheld in a vision that most illustrious man standing before him, clothed in his pontifical vestments; and then said he unto him: "Know thou me, beloved Vinvaloeus, to be the Patrick unto whom thou purposest to travel; yet weary thou not thyself, nor seek thou him whom thou canst not find; for the hour of my dissolution draweth nigh, when I shall go the way of all flesh. Therefore it is the will of God that thou leavest not this place; but by thy conversation and example shalt thou endeavor to gain over a people acceptable unto him, and which shall follow good works; forasmuch as the crown of life is yet to be seen, which he hath promised unto those who love him." Thus saying, the vision disappeared, and Vinvaloeus did as he was bidden of heaven. Now let the hearer admire his perfection, who by the spirit which was in him saw the desire of the holy man dwelling in Armorica, and thus wondrously changed him from the purpose of his intended journey.