OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Crying

Edition of 1802.
​CRYING, the act of weeping, usually accompanied with tears; but this term is more generally applied to the squalling of infants.
It is remarkable, that the first symptoms of human life are uniformly those of loud cries: hence, superstitious persons are apt to imagine that such are the prognostics of future misery. Those who reflect upon the previous situation of the new-born, who is now surrounded by a different element, and placed in a much colder temperature, may easily account for this natural phenomenon. Instead, therefore, of being alarmed by those plaintive expressions, we ought to rejoice; because they indicate expanded lungs, and vital action. In a similar manner, judicious persons will consider the frequent and almost instinctive cries of children, as they advance in age, unless arising from accidental and obvious causes. The conduct of those mothers, who from an excess of tenderness, and of those nurses, who from too much officiousness, exert their utmost endeavours to relieve the clamorous noise of infants (often by the most absurd and pernicious means), equally deserve to be censured. Admitting that in some, nay, in many cases, it proceeds from a concealed pain, yet experience has sufficiently evinced, that these very cries alleviate, and often totally remove, such painful sensations as are produced by flatulency, gripes, &c. Nevertheless, when children continue in an uneasy state for a considerable time, violently drawing their legs towards their belly, we may conclude that they are afflicted with colic pains; or, if they suddenly move their hands and arms to their face, while crying, we may attribute it to difficult teething; and, if other morbid symptoms accompany these loud complaints, especially if repeated at certain periods of the day, we ought, in such cases, by no means to neglect them, but endeavour to ascertain the efficient causes.
Hunger is frequently assigned as a motive for crying, but it is not always reaily so; the latter is the sole language of infants, by which they manifest all their sensations and wants. If they cry without ​intermission, it may be considered as an indication of the return of appetite, and they ought to be satisfied either by the breast, or other means; but, if they vociferate quickly and abruptly, it may be reasonably supposed to proceed from a sense of pain. Circumstances of this nature claim the most diligent attention of mothers and nurses. We therefore earnestly enjoin them, particularly the former, to study the exact distinction of the different sounds expressed by their infants; as the result of such inquiries would greatly enable the medical assistant to ascertain, with more precision, the true cause of infantine diseases.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Crout

Edition of 1802.
​CROUT, Sour Croute, or Kroute, a preparation of cabbage, originally invented by the Germans, who write it, Sauer Kraut. For this purpose, the soundest and most solid cabbages are selected, cut very small, put into a barrel in layers, about a hand high, over each of which is strewed a handful of salt and caraway seeds: in this manner, the layers are closely rammed down, one upon another, till the barrel is full, when a loose cover is put over it, and pressed down with a heavy weight. After standing for some time, the mass begins to ferment; and as soon as it subsides, the head is fitted into the barrel, which is then finally closed, and its contents preserved for use. After being once opened, the kraut must be carefully compressed with a loose cover, and fresh salt and water every time substituted for that which is become foul, floats on the top, and should be removed. As this preparation has been found of considerable efficacy as an antiscorbutic, in long sea-voyages, particularly those round the world, performed by the late Captain Cook, it deserves to be more generally known in this country: and though its flavour is far from being agreeable to those who taste it for the first time, yet we are convinced from experience, that it will soon be relished, even by delicate ladies, whose reason is superior to prejudice or custom. In so damp a climate as that of Britain, we could not recommend a more antiseptic and wholesome dish, especially if it be managed with care and attention to cleanliness.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Crow

Edition of 1802.
​CROW, the Common, or Carrion-crow, Corvus corone, L. a bird sufficiently known: it bears a strong resemblance to the raven, both in its nourishment aud other habitudes. The food of crows is carrion, or similar refuse, and also insects. They are sometimes very destructive in corn-fields, by devouring vast quantities of grain; and were formerly so numerous, and their devastations so great, as to be considered an object worthy of parliamentary redress. An act was, therefore, passed for their destruction, in the 24th of Henry VIII. by which every hamlet was enjoined to provide crow-nets for ten years, and all the inhabitants were obliged to convene and consult, at stated times during that period, concerning the proper means of exterminating these birds. The most successful method of destroying them appears to be the following: A kind of table is to be formed between the branches of a large pollard oak; on which may be laid carrion, or any other meat, prepared with pulverized nux vomica, a poisonous drug brought from the East Indies. By previously accustoming the crows to resort to the place and food, without any addition, they will be induced to take it readily when thus poisoned, and consequently be destroyed. But, though crows occasionally commit depredations in corn-fields, they also devour a multitude of locusts, catterpillars, and ​other insects (see vol. i. p. 483). Farther, they may, in another respect, be considered as the natural planters of many trees; the kernels of which they disseminate upon the earth; and thus clearly evince that providential wisdom, which has endowed them with an instinct equally beneficial to themselves, by securing a future supply, and by rendering them conducive to the welfare of mankind.
# Duncan's Heirs v. United States

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
32 U.S. 435
Duncan's Heirs v. United States

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period/Chu Li

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​CHU Li 朱理 (T. 燮臣, H. 靜齋), July 13, 1761–1819, Apr. 22, official, was a native of Ching-hsien, Anhwei. He was a son of Chu An-hang 朱安沆 (T. 希靖), but was adopted by his uncle, Chu An-huai 朱安淮 (T. 維揚). Together with his cousin, Chu Chien [q. v.], he studied under a townsman, Hu Hsien-shêng 胡先聲 (T. 損齋), and with the latter took his chü-jên degree in 1783. Made a chin-shih with high honors in 1787, Chu Li was appointed a bachelor, and later (1790) a compiler, in the Hanlin Academy. In 1791 he was detailed as proofreader in the Ssŭ-k'u Commission (see under Chi Yün). He served as examiner of the Shun-t'ien provincial examination (1792, 1810), of the Metropolitan examination (1795), and of the Shun-t'ien military examination (1816). In 1796 he was made a prefect of Ch'ü-chou, Chekiang—a post he held until he was made intendant of the Hsinghua-Ch'üan-chou-Yung-ch'un Circuit in 1802. Four years later he became provincial judge of Chekiang. In 1808 he was appointed lieutenant-governor of Shantung, and after several promotions was made governor of Kiangsu in 1812. Two years later he was recalled to Peking and made sub-chancellor of the Grand Secretariat. After filling several other appointments, he became governor of Kweichow (1816), a post he held until his death.
[3/194/24a; 33/80/2b; Chi'ng-hsien chih (1806) 14/36a, 續志 2/13a; Chu Chien, Hsiao-wan-chüan-chai wên kao, 24/15a.]
J. C. Yang
# Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period/Chu Kuei-chên

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​CHU Kuei-chên 朱桂楨 (T. 幹臣, H. 璞庵, 覺修), 1767–1839, official, was a native of Shang-yüan (Nanking). His grandfather, Chu Lan 朱瀾 (T. 向源, H. 安齋), served for many years as an official in Chihli, finally rising to be intendant of the Ch'ing-ho Circuit at Paoting (1786–89, 1790). His father, Chu Hsü-tsêng 朱續會 (T. 序之, H. 芝園, d. 1824), served as a magistrate in the provinces of Hupeh, Shantung, and Kansu, finally rising to be prefect of T'ai-p'ing-fu in Kwangsi.
Chu Kuei-chên was a chü-jên of 1788 and a chin-shih of 1799. He served as a secretary in the Board of Civil Offices, rising to be a department director, and then a censor. In 1816 he was appointed prefect of Chên-yüan-fu in Kweichow, and later served as intendant of the T'ung-Shang Circuit in Shensi (1820–22), as provincial judge of Chekiang (1822), and as financial commissioner of Kansu (1822) and of Shantung (1823–24). In September 1824 he was promoted to be governor of Shansi, but in the same month was obliged to retire, owing to the ​death of his father. After the period of mourning he returned to Peking, and for a time (1827–29) served as superintendent of the Government Granaries at the capital. In 1829 he was made director-general of Grain Transport.
In 1830 Chu was sent to Canton as governor of Kwangtung, a post he held for three years (1830–33). These were the last years of the monopoly of English trade at Canton by the East India Company and were comparatively quiet, so far as relations with foreigners at Canton, were concerned. Chu left in 1833 owing to illness and spent the remainder of his life at Nanking. It was after he left that the monopoly of the East India Company at Canton was abolished (1834) and the English sought to place the trade on another footing. The result was the war of 1839–42 (see under Lin Tsê-hsü). Chu lived to hear of the beginning of hostilities, for he died late in 1839. He was given the posthumous name, Chuang-k'o 莊恪.
[1/387/6b; 3/199/1a; 5/23/10b; 7/24/10b; 金陵通傳 Chin-ling t'ung-chuan, 25/7a.]
Fang Chao-ying
# Du Pont v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
289 U.S. 685
Du Pont v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue
Argued: May 9, 1933. --- Decided: May 29, 1933
Mr. James S. Y. Ivins, of Washington, D.C., for petitioner.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 685-687 intentionally omitted]
The Attorney General andMr. Erwin N. Griswold, of Washington, D.C., for respondent.
Mr. Justice CARDOZO delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Duality

Thy soul is like a secret garden-close, Where roots of cleft mandragoras enwreathe; Where bergamot and fumitory breathe, And ivy winds its tower with the rose.
The lolling weeds of Lethe, green or wan, Exhale their fatal languors on the light; From out infernal grails of aconite Poisons and dews are proffered to the dawn.
Here, when the moon’s phantasmal fingers grope To find the marbles of a hidden tomb, There sings the cypress-perchèd nightingale;
And all the silver-bellied serpents pale Their ruby eyes amid the blossoms ope, To lift and listen in the ghostly gloom.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
The longest-living author of this work died in 1961, so this work is in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 62 years or less. This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Du gamla, du fria

* related portals: Sweden, National anthems.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Commons category, Wikidata item.
The de facto national anthem of Sweden

## In English
### Richard Dybeck's text from 1844

1 Thou ancient, thou free, thou mountainous high North, Thou silent, thou joy-rich, beautiful, I greet thee, thou loveliest land on the earth, Thy sun, thy skies, thy meadows green, Thy sun, thy skies, thy meadows green.
2 Thy rest on the memories of the great days of yore, When all round the world thine name honoured was. I know that you are and you will be as you were, Oh, I want to live and I want to die in the North, Oh, I want to live and I want to die in the North.

### Louise Ahlén's addition from 1910

3 Forever I shall serve thee my beloved country, until death I owe thee my fidelity. Thy right I will protect with mind and with hand, thy banner, feats of bravery carry, thy banner, feats of bravery carry.
4 With God I shall fight, for home and for bliss, for Sweden, the dear fatherland. For nothing, in the world, I would trade thee. No, I would live and I would die in the North, No, I would live and I would die in the North.

## In Swedish
### Richard Dybecks text från 1844

1 Du gamla, Du fria, Du fjällhöga nord Du tysta, Du glädjerika sköna! Jag hälsar Dig, vänaste land uppå jord, Din sol, Din himmel, Dina ängder gröna, Din sol, Din himmel, Dina ängder gröna.
2 Du tronar på minnen från fornstora da'r, då ärat Ditt namn flög över jorden. Jag vet att Du är och Du blir vad du var. Ja, jag vill leva jag vill dö i Norden, Ja, jag vill leva jag vill dö i Norden.

### Louise Ahléns tillägg från 1910

3 Jag städs vill dig tjäna mitt älskade land, din trohet till döden vill jag svära. Din rätt, skall jag värna, med håg och med hand, Din fana, högt den bragderika bära, Din fana, högt den bragderika bära.
4 Med Gud skall jag kämpa, för hem och för härd, för Sverige, den kära fosterjorden. Jag byter Dig ej, mot allt i en värld Nej, jag vill leva jag vill dö i Norden, Nej, jag vill leva jag vill dö i Norden.
This work is a translation and has a separate copyright status to the applicable copyright protections of the original content.
# Donald J. Trump for President, Inc. v. Benson (Michigan Supreme Court)

​Order
Michigan Supreme Court Lansing, Michigan
Bridget M. McCormack, Chief Justice
David F. Viviano, Chief Justice Pro Tem
Stephen J. Markman Brian K. Zahra Richard H. Bernstein Elizabeth T. Clement Megan K. Cavanagh, Justices
December 11, 2020
162320 & (20) (24) (25)
Donald J. Trump for President, Inc., and Eric Ostergren,
Plaintiffs-Appellants,
v
Secretary of State,
Defendant-Appellee.
SC: 162320 COA: 355378
On order of the Court, the motions for immediate consideration are granted. The application for leave to appeal the December 4, 2020 order of the Court of Appeals is considered, and it is denied, because we are not persuaded that the questions presented should be reviewed by this Court. The motion to intervene is denied as moot.
This work is in the public domain in the U.S. because it is an edict of a government, local or foreign. See § 313.6(C)(2) of the Compendium II: Copyright Office Practices. Such documents include "legislative enactments, judicial decisions, administrative rulings, public ordinances, or similar types of official legal materials" as well as "any translation prepared by a government employee acting within the course of his or her official duties."
These do not include works of the Organization of American States, United Nations, or any of the UN specialized agencies. See Compendium III § 313.6(C)(2) and 17 U.S.C. 104(b)(5).
A non-American governmental edict may still be copyrighted outside the U.S. Similar to {{PD-in-USGov}}, the above U.S. Copyright Office Practice does not prevent U.S. states or localities from holding copyright abroad, depending on foreign copyright laws and regulations.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Donald Trump's letter to Kim Jong-Un about canceling the summit

May 24, 2018
THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON May 24, 2018
His Excellency Kim Jong Un Chairman of the State Affairs Commission of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea Pyongyang
Dear Mr. Chairman:
We greatly appreciate your time, patience, and effort with respect to our recent negotiations and discussions relative to a summit long sought by both parties, which was scheduled to take place on June 12 in Singapore. We were informed that the meeting was requested by North Korea, but that to us is totally irrelevant. I was very much looking forward to being there with you. Sadly, based on the tremendous anger and open hostility displayed in your most recent statement, I feel it is inappropriate, at this time, to have this long-planned meeting. Therefore, please let this letter serve to represent that the Singapore summit, for the good of both parties, but to the detriment of the world, will not take place. You talk about nuclear capabilities, but ours are so massive and powerful that I pray to God they will never have to be used.
I felt a wonderful dialogue was building up between you and me, and ultimately, it is only that dialogue that matters. Some day, I look very much forward to meeting you. In the meantime, I want to thank you for the release of the hostages who are now home with their families. That was a beautiful gesture and was very much appreciated.
If you change your mind having to do with this most important summit, please do not hesitate to call me or write. The world, and North Korea in particular, has lost a great opportunity for lasting peace and great prosperity and wealth. This missed opportunity is a truly sad moment in history.
Sincerely yours,
Donald J. Trump President of the United States of America
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Donald Trump fires James Comey

THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON
May 9, 2017
Dear Director Comey:
I have received the attached letters from the Attorney General and Deputy Attorney General of the United States recommending your dismissal as the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation. I have accepted their recommendation and you are hereby terminated and removed from office effective immediately.
While I greatly appreciate you informing me, on three separate occasions, that I am not under investigation, I nevertheless concur with the judgement of the Department of Justice that you are not able to effectively lead the Bureau.
It is essential that we find new leadership for the FBI that restores public trust and confidence in its vital law enforcement mission.
I wish you the best of luck in your future endeavors.
Donald J. Trump
* Enclosure One - Attorney General Recommendation
* Enclosure Two - Deputy Attorney General Recommendation
* Enclosure Three - Press Secretary Statement
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Birth-day

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Birth-day : The observance of birth-days was common in early times (Job 1:4, 13, 18). They were specially celebrated in the land of Egypt (Gen. 40:20). There is no recorded instance in Scripture of the celebration of birth-days among the Jews. On the occasion of Herod's birth-day Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/John the BaptistJohn the Baptist was beheaded (Matt. 14:6).
# Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Black

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Black : Properly the absence of all colour. In Prov. 7:9 the Hebrew word means, as in the margin of the Revised Version, "the pupil of the eye." It is translated "apple" of the eye in Deut. 32:10; Ps. 17:8; Prov. 7:2. It is a different word which is rendered "black" in Lev. 13:31, 37; [[../Solomon, Song of|Cant.]] 1:5; 5:11; and Zech. 6:2, 6. It is uncertain what the "black marble" of Esther 1:6 was which formed a part of the mosaic pavement.
# Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Birthright

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Birthright:
(1.) This word denotes the special privileges and advantages belonging to the first-born son among the Jews. He became the priest of the family. Thus Reuben was the first-born of the patriarchs, and so the priesthood of the tribes belonged to him. That honour was, however, transferred by God from Reuben to Levi (Num. 3:12, 13; 8:18).
(2.) The first-born son had allotted to him also a double portion of the paternal inheritance (Deut. 21:15-17). Reuben was, because of his undutiful conduct, deprived of his birth-right (Gen. 49:4; 1 Chr. 5:1). Esau transferred his birth-right to Jacob (Gen. 25:33).
(3.) The first-born inherited the judicial authority of his father, whatever it might be (2 Chr. 21:3). By divine appointment, however, David excluded Adonijah in favour of Solomon.
(4.) The Jews attached a sacred importance to the rank of "first-born" and "first-begotten" as applied to the Messiah (Rom. 8:29; Col. 1:18; Heb. 1:4-6). As first-born he has an inheritance superior to his brethren, and is the alone true priest.
# Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Bishop

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Bishop : An overseer. In apostolic times, it is quite manifest that there was no difference as to order between bishops and elders or presbyters (Acts 20:17-28; 1 Pet. 5:1, 2; Phil. 1:1; 1 Tim. 3). The term bishop is never once used to denote a different office from that of elder or presbyter. These different names are simply titles of the same office, "bishop" designating the function, namely, that of oversight, and "presbyter" the dignity appertaining to the office. Christ is figuratively called "the bishop [episcopos] of souls" (1 Pet. 2:25).
# Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Bith-ron

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Bith-ron : The broken or divided place, a district in the Arabah or Jordan valley, on the east of the river (2 Sam. 2:29). It was probably the designation of the region in general, which is broken and intersected by ravines.