# The World Factbook (1982)/Zambia
## ZAMBIAZAMBIA

* (See reference map VII)

### LANDLAND

745,920 km$^2$; 5% under cultivation, 5% arable, 10% grazing, 13% dense forest, 6% marsh, 61% scattered trees and grassland
Land boundaries: 6,003 km

### PEOPLEPEOPLE

Population: 6,222,000 (July 1982), average annual growth rate 3.2%
Nationality: noun—Zambian(s); adjective—Zambian
Ethnic divisions: 98.7% African, 1.1% European, 0.2% other
Religion: 82% animist, about 17% Christian, and under 1% Hindu and Muslim
Language: English official; wide variety of indigenous languages
Literacy: 28%
Labor force: 402,000 wage earners; 375,000 Africans, 27,000 non-Africans; 15% mining, 9% agriculture, 9% domestic service, 19% construction, 9% commerce, 10% manufacturing, 23% government and miscellaneous services, 6% transport
Organized labor: approximately 238,000 wage earners are unionized

### GOVERNMENTGOVERNMENT

Official name: Republic of Zambia
Type: one-party state
Capital: Lusaka
Political subdivisions: nine provinces
Legal system: based on English common law and customary law; new constitution adopted September 1973; judicial review of legislative acts in an ad hoc constitutional council; legal education at University of Zambia in Lusaka; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
National holiday: 24 October
Branches: modified presidential system; legislature; judiciary
Government leaders: President Kenneth David KAUNDA; Prime Minister Nalumino MUNDIA
Suffrage: universal adult
Elections: general election held 12 December 1978; next general election scheduled for 1983
Political parties and leaders: United National Independence Party (UNIP), Kenneth Kaunda; former opposition party banned in December 1972 when one-party state proclaimed
Voting strength (1978 election): 70% of eligible voters went to polls; Kaunda was only candidate for President; National Assembly seats were contested by members of UNIP
Communists: no Communist party, but socialist sympathizers in upper levels of government and UNIP
Member of: AFDB, Commonwealth, FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, 1DB, IEA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMF, IPU, ITU, NAM, OAU, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

### ECONOMYECONOMY

GNP: $2.8 billion (1980), $483 per capita; real annual average growth rate, 0.65% (1971-81)
Agriculture: main crops—corn, tobacco, cotton; net importer of most major agricultural products
Major industries: copper and cobalt production
Electric power: 1,453,000 kW capacity (1980); 7.3 billion kWh produced (1980), 969 kWh per capita
Exports: $1,378 million (f.o.b., 1980); copper, zinc, cobalt, lead, tobacco
Imports: $1,383 million (c.i.f., 1980); machinery, transport equipment, foodstuffs, fuels, manufactures
Major trade partners: EEC, Japan, China, South Africa
Budget: (1980) revenue $950 million (est.), current expenditures $1,279 million (est.), development expenditures $241 million (est.)
Monetary conversion rate: 1 Zambia kwacha=US$1.2446 (official)
Fiscal year: calendar year

### COMMUNICATIONSCOMMUNICATIONS

Railroads: 2,014 km, all narrow gauge (1.067 m); 13 km double track
Highways: 36,809 km total; 5,565 km paved, 8,374 km crushed stone, gravel, or stabilized soil; 22,870 km improved and unimproved earth
Inland waterways: 2,250 km including Zambezi River, Luapula River, Lake Kariba, Lake Bangweulu, Lake Tanganyika; Mpulungu is small port on Lake Tanganyika
Pipelines: 724 km crude oil
Civil air: 7 major transport aircraft
Airfields: 136 total, 129 usable; 12 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runways over 3,659 m, 4 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 20 with runways 1,220-2,439 m
Telecommunications: facilities are among the best in Sub-Saharan Africa; high-capacity radio relay connects most larger towns and cities; 60,500 telephones; (1.1 per 100 popl.); 7 AM, 1 FM, and 5 TV stations; 1 Indian Ocean satellite station

### DEFENSE FORCESDEFENSE FORCES

Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,327,000; 691,000 fit for military service