OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Welsh, Thomas

​WELSH, THOMAS (1781–1848), vocalist, son of John Welsh, by his wife, a daughter of Thomas Linley the elder [q. v.], was born at Wells, Somerset, in 1781. He became a chorister in Wells Cathedral, where his singing so attracted lovers of music from the neighbouring towns that ‘on the Saturdays the city hotels felt the increase of visitors, and on Sundays the church was crowded to excess.’ Sheridan heard of him, and induced Linley to engage him for the oratorio performances at the Haymarket Theatre, London, in 1796. Engagements followed for the stage, in course of which he sang in many operas, some of which, such as Attwood's ‘Prisoner,’ were written expressly to exhibit his powers. He was also brought into notice as an actor, mainly through the influence of Kemble. Meanwhile he was perfecting his musical education under Karl Friedrich Horn [see under Horn, Charles Edward], Johann Baptist Cramer [q. v.], and Baumgarten. He produced two farces at the Lyceum Theatre, and an opera, ‘Kamskatka,’ at Covent Garden, and ultimately settled down to his chief work as a teacher of singing. He had great success with his pupils, among whom were John Sinclair (1791–1857) [q. v.], Charles Edward Horn, Catherine Stephens (afterwards Countess of Essex) [q. v.], and Mary Anne Wilson, who became his wife, and sang in many important concerts. He died at Brighton on 24 Jan. 1848. In addition to the dramatic pieces mentioned, he wrote some sonatas for piano (1819), songs, part-songs, glees and duets, and a ‘Vocal Instructor,’ London [1825].
[Gent. Mag. 1848, i. 554; Biographical Dictionary of Musicians, 1824; Grove's Dict. of Music; Brown and Stratton's British Musical Biography; information from a grand-nephew, C. P. Welsh, esq., of Wells.]
J. C. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Wellwood, James

​WELLWOOD, JAMES (1652–1727), physician, son of Robert Wellwood of Touch and his wife, Jean Livingstone, was born in 1652 and educated at Glasgow University. He went to Holland in 1679, and is said to have graduated M.D. at Leyden, but his name does not appear in Peacock's ‘Index.’ He returned to England with William III, and on 22 Dec. 1690, being then physician to King William and Queen Mary, was elected a fellow of the College of Physicians of London. He was elected a censor of the college in 1722. A letter of his to the lady mayoress on the case of Mary Maillard, a girl lame from birth, was published in London in 1694. In 1689 he published a ‘Vindication of the Revolution in England,’ and an ‘Answer to the late King James's Last Declaration’ (2nd edit. 1693). These were followed in 1700 by ‘Memoirs of the most Material Transactions in England for the last Hundred Years preceding the Revolution in 1688,’ which contains several original accounts and an able statement of the whig case. Four authorised editions appeared before 1710, and one after that date, and there were also several pirated editions. In 1710 he published ‘The Banquet of Xenophon,’ with an introductory essay on the death of Socrates, dedicated to Lady Jean Douglas, eldest daughter of the Duke of Queensberry and Dover. His house was in York Buildings, near the Strand, and he died there on 2 April 1727, and was buried in the church of St. Martin's-in-the-Fields (Hist. Reg. Chron. Diary, 1727, p. 15).
N. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Welsted, Robert

1904 Errata appended.
​WELSTED, ROBERT (1671–1735), physician, born in 1671, was the son of Leonard Welsted of Bristol. He matriculated from St. Edmund Hall, Oxford, on 4 Dec. 1687, and was elected in 1689 to a demyship at Magdalen College, which he held till 1698, graduating B.A. on 25 June 1691, and M.A. on 12 May 1694. He was admitted an extra-licentiate of the London College of Physicians on 11 Dec. 1695. He was then practising medicine at Bristol, where he remained some years, but, eventually removing to London, was admitted a licentiate on 3 Sept. 1710. He was admitted a fellow of the Royal Society on 20 March 1717–18, and died at Tavistock Street, London, on 1 Feb. 1734–5.
He was the author of:
* ‘De Ætate vergente Liber,’ London, 1724, 8vo.
* ‘De adulta Ætate Liber,’ London, 1725, 8vo.
* ‘De Medicina Mentis Liber,’ London, 1726, 8vo.
* ‘Tentamen de variis Hominum Naturis,’ London, 1730, 8vo.
* ‘Tentamen alterum de propriis Naturarum Habitibus,’ London, 1732, 8vo.
He also translated ‘The Works of Dionysius Longinus on the Sublime … with some Remarks on the English Poets,’ London, 1712, 8vo; and with Richard West edited Pindar (Oxford, 1692, fol.)
[Munk's Royal Coll. of Phys. ii. 32; Bloxam's Registers of Magdalen College, vi. 70; Boulter's Letters, 1769, i. 93–4; Gent. Mag. 1735, p. 107.]
E. I. C.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.278 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 242 | i | 36-39 | Welsted, Robert: omit He also translated . . . London, 1712, 8vo; and with |
| | | 40 | for Richard West edited Pindar read Welsted joined Richard West in editing the works of Pindar |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Welsh, David

​WELSH, DAVID (1793–1845), Scots divine and author, youngest son of David Welsh, sheep farmer, of Earlshaugh and Tweedshaws, was born at Braefoot, Moffat, on 11 Dec. 1793. He was educated at Moffat parish school, the high school of Edinburgh, and Edinburgh University, and ​on 7 May 1816 was licensed to preach by the presbytery of Lochmaben. On 22 March 1821 he was ordained minister of the parish of Crossmichael in Kirkcudbrightshire, and on 6 Sept. 1827 he was translated to St. David's Church, Glasgow. In October 1831 he was appointed professor of ecclesiastical history in the university of Edinburgh, and on leaving Glasgow received from the university the degree of D.D. At the meeting of the general assembly of 1842 he was chosen moderator of the assembly, which adopted ‘the claim of right,’ and was one of the leaders of those who, on 18 May 1843, formed themselves into ‘the general assembly of the Free Protesting Church of Scotland,’ with Dr. Chalmers as its first moderator. Welsh had the honour of laying their ‘protest’ on the table of the assembly. He had to resign his chair, and his appointment as secretary to the bible board, made in 1839, was cancelled. In two months he collected 21,000l. for building the ‘new college’ at Edinburgh. In 1844 he was appointed librarian of the college and professor of church history. He died suddenly at Camis Eskin on the Clyde on 24 April 1845, survived by his wife—sister of William Hamilton, provost of Glasgow—and four children. Welsh became the first editor of the ‘North British Review’ in 1844. He was the author of: 1. ‘Account of the Life and Writings of T. Brown, M.D.,’ Edinburgh, 1825, 8vo. 2. ‘Sermons on Practical Subjects,’ Edinburgh, 1834, 8vo. 3. ‘Elements of Church History,’ Edinburgh, 1844, vol. i. 8vo. 4. ‘Sermons: with a Memoir by A. Dunlop,’ Edinburgh, 1846, 8vo. He also edited the ‘Lectures on the Philosophy of the Human Mind,’ by Thomas Brown, 1834. He contributed the articles ‘Jesus’ and ‘Jews’ to the seventh edition of ‘Encyclopædia Britannica.’
G. S-h.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Welsby, William Newland

​WELSBY, WILLIAM NEWLAND (1802?–1864), legal writer, born in Cheshire about 1802, was the only son of William Welsby of the Middle Temple, gentleman. He was admitted as a pensioner at St. John's College, Cambridge, on 28 Oct. 1818, and graduated B.A. in 1823 and M.A. in 1827. On 22 April 1823 he was admitted as student at the Middle Temple, and was called to the bar on 10 Nov. 1826. He went the North Wales and Chester circuit, and in 1841 was appointed recorder of that city. For many years he reported in the court of exchequer, and he was junior counsel to the treasury. He enjoyed the reputation of being an accomplished scholar and lawyer, but his exertions overtaxed his strength, and on 1 July 1864 he died at 19 Holland Villas Road, Kensington, aged 61. He was married, but had no children.
Welsby edited, with Roger Meeson, seventeen volumes of ‘Exchequer Reports,’ beginning with 1837, and collaborated with E. T. Hurlstone and J. Gordon in nine subsequent volumes ranging from 1849. In conjunction with John Horatio Lloyd he published in three parts ‘Reports of Mercantile Cases in the Courts of Common Law’ in 1829 and 1830, and he edited with Edward Beavan the second edition of Chitty's ‘Collection of Statutes’ (1851–4, 4 vols.), superintending also the third edition, which appeared in 1865, after his death. The fourth volume in the twenty-first edition of Blackstone's ‘Commentaries’ (1844) was edited by him, and the whole set, with notes adapting it to the use of the student in America, was issued at New York in 1847. The other works published under his editorship comprised J. F. Archbold's ‘Summary of the Law on Pleading and Evidence in Criminal Cases’ (10th edit. 1846, 15th edit. 1862); Dr. Joseph Bateman's ‘General Turnpike Road Acts’ (1854), and his ‘General Highway Acts’ (1863); Sir John Jervis's ‘Treatise on Office of Coroners’ (1854, reissued by C. W. Lovesy in 1866); Sir Christopher Rawlinson's ‘Municipal Corporation Act’ (2nd, 3rd and 4th edit. 1850, 1856, and 1863); and he revised the second edition of Sir W. H. Watson's ‘Treatise on the Office of Sheriff’ (2nd edit, 1848). Welsby also edited a volume containing sixteen admirable ‘Lives of Eminent English Judges of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries,’ which originally came out in the ‘Law Magazine;’ nine of them were from his pen.
W. P. C.
# Who's Who in the Far East/ESCOUBERT, Jean C. A. A.

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​ ESCOUBERT, Jean C. A. A. (CHOLOX), Inspector, Civil Service of Indo-China, Chief of the province of Cholon; b. Nov. 21, 1849. Entered Civil Service, Indo-China, March 19, 1873; appointed Administrator of 3rd class, April, 1S73; 2nd class, Jan., 1876; 1st class, Jan., 1836; inspector, July, 1893. Address: Cholon, (via Saigon) Cochin-China.
# Who's Who in the Far East/ELLIS, Frank Thomas

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​ ELLIS, Frank Thomas (PEX.VXO), Straits Settlements Civil Service; b. Nov. 14, 1881. Appointed Cadet 1903; studied Chinese at Amoy; attached to Chinese Protectorate, Penang. Address: Penang, Straits Settlements.
# Who's Who in the Far East/EN-SHOU

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​ EN-SHOU (TAIYUEN), Governor; native of Manchuria; metropolitan graduate, 1874. Prefect of Ch'eng-tu, Szechwan; Shan-An Tao, Shensi, March, 1897; Judicial Commissioner, Kiangsi, Nov., 1898; Financial Commissioner, Nanking, May, 1899; Director-General, grain transport, Nov., 1901; Governor of Kiangsu, Dec., 1901; acting Director-General grain transport, May, 1904; Governor of Kianghnai, Jan., 1905; post abolished July, 19C5; engaged special duties; Governor, Taiyuenfu, Shansi, Feb., 1906; appointment protested against by British and French Ministers owing to antiforeign tendencies.
# Who's Who in the Far East/ENYU, Lieut. - General

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​ ENYU, Lieut.-General (PEKING), native of Mongolia. Deputy Lieut.-General, Chinchou, Shengking, 1882; Deputy Lieut. -General, Bordered Blue Banner Corps; Assistant Director, Board of Admiralty; Lieut.-General, Bordered Blue Banner Corps, Dec., 1891.
# Who's Who in the Far East/EPHRAUMS, Wilfred Clement

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​ EPHRAUMS, Wilfred Clement (TAIPING), F.M.S. Civil service; b. June 30, 1868. Clerical service, Perak, Feb., 1885; Demarcation Officer, Kinta, Jan., 1894; Financial Assistant, Tapah, Dec., 1895; acting District Treasurer, Kinta, May, 1899; District Treasurer, Kinta, Sept., 1901; acting District Treasurer, Taiping, Aug., 1903; District Treasurer, Taiping, Sept., 1903; acting District Treasurer, Kuala Lumpur, Feb., 1904; District Treasurer, Taiping, 1908. Address Taiping, Perak, Federated Malay States.
# Who's Who in the Far East/ERDMAN, Rev. John Pinney

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​ ERDMAN, Rev. John Pinney (YAMAGUCHI), A.B.; b. Dec. 6, 1874, at Morristown, New Jersey, U.S.A.; in. 1904, Marion Eleanor Dillingham, d. of B. F. Dillingham, of Honolulu. Educ.: Princeton University; McCormick Theological Seminary, Chicago; received A.B. degree from Princeton University, June, 1896. Ordained, 1899; Asst. Pastor of Central Union Church, Honolulu, Hawaii, 1899-1903; appointed to missionary work in Japan by American Presbyterian Church, 1903. Address Noda. Yamaguchi, Japan.
# Who's Who in the Far East/EN-HSIANG, Lieut.-General

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​ EN-HSIANG, Lieut.-General (PEKING), native of Manchuria. Deputy Lieut.-General, Huu-ch'un, Sept., 1895; degraded three steps and transferred, Dec., 1893; Commandant of forces, Hi, Nov., 1897; Deputy Lieut.-General, Manchu White Banner Corps, July, 1900.
# Who's Who in the Far East/EN-SHUN

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​ EN-SHUN (PEKING), Vice -President Board of War; native of Manchuria; metropolitan graduate. Supervisor of Instruction, Aug., 1901; Vice-President, Censorate, Sept., 1902. Vice-President, Board of War, Oct., 1903.
# Who's Who in the Far East/ENOMOTO, Viscount Buyo

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​ ENOMOTO, Viscount Buyo (TOKYO), Vice-Admiral (retired); b. at Tokyo, Aug. 25, 1836. Educ.: Holland, where sent by Tokugawa Government. Returned from Holland, 1868, on board corvette " Kanyo Maru," built at Amsterdam to order of Tokugawa Government; at outbreak of civil war of Restoration was in charge of vessel, and with others fled to Hakodate, where, for several months, with Otori (now Baron) successfully withstood attack of Imperial Army; eventually surrendered to leader of Imperial Army and was released after imprisonment and appointed to Government post in Hokkaido; in 1874 was despatched to St. Petersburg to conclude treaty in connection with exchanging Saghalien for the Kuriles; Minister at Peking, 1882; has held almost every Ministerial ​portfolio, with exception of those of Army, Finance and Justice; created Viscount, 1884. Address: Tokyo, Japan.
# Who's Who in the Far East/EN-MING

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​ EN-MING ( ANCHING ), Governor; native of Manchuria. Kuei-sui Tao, Shansi, Jan., 1901; K'ou-Pei Tao, April, 1902; Salt Commissioner, Liang-Hnai (Kiang-Nan), Jan., 1903; Judge, Kiangsu, Jan., 1904; Treasurer, Kiangniu, (Nanking); Governor of Auhwei, March, 1906, is a reactionary official, opposed to reforms. Address: Anching-fu, Anhwei, China.
# Who's Who in the Far East/SCRANTON, Dr. William Benton

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​ SCRANTON, Dr. William Benton (SEOUL), B. A., M.D.; Medical Missionary; b. May 29, 1856. Educ.: Yale University; Columbia University. Arrived in Corea, May 3, 1883, and established a hospital; practised medicine until 1892; since then (with an intermission of H years) has been Superintendent of Corea Mission of Methodist Episcopal Church. Address: Seoul, Corea.
# Who's Who in the Far East/SENGE, Baron Tokatomi

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​ SENGE, Baron Tokatomi (TOKYO). Governor of Tokyo-fu; Member of House of Peers; b. Aug., 1845. Member of an ancient family who hereditarily acted as Grand Custodian to Great Shrine of Izumo; appointed Director of Ordinary Education Bureau, 1892; Governor of Saitama, 1894; of Shizuoka, 1897; has occupied present post since 1898; created Baron, 1884. Address: Tokyo, Japan.
# Who's Who in the Far East/SEARLE, Rev. Gustavus

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​ SEARLE, Rev. Gustavus (HONGKONG), M.A.; Chaplain to Forces. Educ.: Pembroke College, Cambridge. Deacon, 1893; Curate of St. Luke, Cheltenham, 1893-5; St. Colomb. Minor, Cornwall, 1896; Feltham, Middlesex, 1897-1900; Bude-Haven, Cornwall, 1900-1; Chaplain, field force, South Africa, 1902; chaplain of 4th class, from 1903; Woolwich, 1904; Hongkong, from 1904. Address: Hongkong.
# Who's Who in the Far East/SELANGOR, Sultan of

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​ SELANGOR, Sultan of (see: SULIEMAN BIN AMERHOM).
# Who's Who in the Far East/SCOTT, Walter Dare

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​ SCOTT, Walter Dare (RABU), District Officer; b. July 10, 1870. Chief Clerk, Ulu Selangor, 1891; assistant District Officer and acting assistant Magistrate, Kuala Lumpur, 1893-1894; assistant Government Secretary and acting District Officer, Kuala Selangor, 1896; after acting in various Capacities was appointed District Officer, Raub, Pahang, 1906. Address: Raub. Pahang, Federated Malay States.
# Who's Who in the Far East/SEITZ, Carl Ludwig

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​ SEITZ, Carl Ludwig (SHANGHAI), Merchant; 6. Oct. 19, 1879. Educ.: at Shanghai. Served apprenticeship with H. Sylva and Co., share and ship brokers; joined Snethlage and Co., 1897; became Managing Partner, 1905; Managing Director, China Import and Export Lumber Co., Ltd., 1905. Clubs: Shanghai; Concordia, Shanghai. Address: 2, Yinkee Road, Shanghai, China.
# Who's Who in the Far East/SELLAR, James

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​ SELLAR, James (SINGAPORE), M.L.N.A.; Manager, Tanjong Pagar Docks; b. Oct. 22, 1861; m. Maggie, d. of W. Ritchie, of Buxburn and Balcairn. Educ.: Aberdeen Public School and Gordon's College. Arrived in Singapore, 1886; acting Manager, New Harbour Dock, 1891; Manager, Prye River Dock, Penang, 1894-95, Manager, N. H. Docks, 1895-93; Manager, Tanjong Pagar Dock Co., Ltd., 1900, to date of expropriation by.Government. Decorations: Commander of the Dragon (Annam), receive 1 decoration for services rendered to transports when stranded near Singapore. Address: Bukit Chermin, Singapore, Straits Settlements.
# Who's Who in the Far East/SELLS, H. C.

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​ SELLS, H. C. (MALACCA), B.A., Oxon.; Head of M day College. Cadet, Straits Settlements, Oct., 1897; acting Private Secretary to Governor, Nov., 1893, to Nov., 1899; acting 4th Magistrate, Singapore, Jan., 1900; passed final examination in Malay, April, 1900; acting District Officer, Province Wellesley, May, 1901; Superintendent of Money Order Branch and Government Saving Bank, Singapore, May, 1902; Head of Malay College. Malacca, July, 1904. Address: Malacca, Straits Settlements.
# Who's Who in the Far East/SCRIVENOR, John Brooke

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​ SCRIVENOR, John Brooke (KUALA LUMPUR), ​Federal Geologist; b. Dec. 7, 187d. Geologist of H.M. Geological Surveys, Great Britain, 1901; appointed Federal Geologist, 1903. Address: Kuala Lumpur, Selangor, Federated Malay States.
# Who's Who in the Far East/SETH, Arathoon

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​ SETH, Arathoon (HONGKONG), I.S.O.; Civil Service; b. 1852. Called to the Bar, Lincoln's Inn, June, 1893; Hindustani Interpreter, Magistracy, Hongkong, Feb., 1868, to Dec., 1869 (in the service of the P. & O. Co., in the interim); reentered ​Magistracy as 3rd Clerk, Sept., 1872; 2nd Clerk, Sept., 1873; 1st Clerk, Feb., 1875; Clerk of Councils, and Chief Clerk, Colonial Secty's Office, Feb., 1881; Valuer under the "Rating Ordinance, 1875," June 25, 1881, to March 19, 1883; J.P., Jan., 1882; Superintendent of the Opium Revenue, Aug., 1883, to Feb., 1885; ditto, Imports and Exports, June to Oct., 1887; Secretary to Board under "Taipingshan Resumption Ordinance," 1894 -1895, (received thanks of Government), Secretary to Insanitary Properties Commission, July, 1896; acting Deputy Land Officer, Nov., 1894, to Jan., 1895; ditto, March, 1895, to Nov., 1893; Deputy Registrar and Appraiser, Supreme Court, and Commissioner for Oaths, March, 1895; Commissioner for taking Acknowledgments of Married Women, Oct., 1893; Secretary, Squatter's Board, Official Receiver in Bankruptcy, March, 1895, to Nov., 1896; acting assistant Registrar-General, July, to Sept., 1897; acting Registrar, Supreme Court; acting Land Officer; acting Registrar of Companies; Official Administrator, and Official Trustee, Dec. 15, 1888, to Jan. 26, 1900; Member of Board of Examiners, 1902; Registrar of Supreme Court, Oct., 1903; Companion of the Imperial Service Order, June, 1905. Club: Hongkong. Address: "Norman Cottage," Peak Road, Hongkong.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Abraum

Edition of 1802.
​ABRAUM, in natural history, is a term given by some writers to a species of red clay found in the Isle of Wight, and used by our artizans to impart a fine red coluur to new mahogany wood.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Abridgement

Edition of 1802.
​ABRIDGEMENT, is the art of compressing any species of literary composition, so as to convey its full and complete tenor in a smaller compass than the original.
The talent of abridging the labours of others, and of communicating much information in few words, is an art not only eminently useful in itself, but productive of great advantages. It enables the reader to take a concise and comprehensive view of those subjects, which, in a more diffuse form, his ​leisure or his inclination may not permit him to consult; while it exercises the mind of the writer in habits of close reasoning and accurate investigation. The attention which, in works of a complicated or extensive nature, is often distracted by brilliancy of style or variety of materials, is, by a short and faithful analysis, fixed to the merits of the subject, and to the truth of its contents. The chief end of abridging is rather to convey ideas, than multiply words, and to retrench superfluous expressions.
To offer any positive instructions for exercising this useful and valuable talent, is almost unnecessary; since taste, judgment, and critical discernment, are the safest guides. A few suggestions, however, may afford some illustration of the subject.
In attempting to give an analysis or abridgement of any particular production, it will be requisite to read it with proper attention; to examine the design of the author, and to discover the leading features and plan of the whole. Having perused and digested the work, it will be proper to transcribe only such parts as tend to convey definite ideas, or explain its immediate purpose: omitting all such remarks as are either inconsistent with, or inapplicable to, the subject.
In works of a more abstruse and comprehensive nature, it will be preferable to convey, as far as possible, the exact expressions of the author; but in those of a lighter description, such as works of imagination, public lectures, orations, essays, &c. it will be sufficient to give an outline of the substance; without directing the attention to the embellishments of style, or the structure of periods.
Abridgement is used also in a more circumscribed sense; to signify a short analysis of reference; by which, from a few abstracted particulars, we recur to any subject which has been either neglected or forgotten; and thus recall it to our recollection. This is particularly useful to those engaged in a variety of literary pursuits, as it preserves a free and unfettered application.
Works of history, in which the leading facts are merely detailed, are often happily abridged for the use of the student. See the article Memorandum.