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# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Wilson, Orlando Hart

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​WILSON. (Lieut., 1815. f-p., 10; h-p., 28.)
Orlando Hart Wilson died 3 Jan. 1845, at Aberdeen.
This officer entered the Navy, 1 May, 1807, as Midshipman, on board the Trent frigate, Capt. Walter Grosett, bearing the flag of Vice-Admiral Jas. Hawkins Whitshed at Cork. In the autumn of 1810, after having served for two years in the West Indies and on the coast of France in the Raven sloop, Capt. Jas. Grant, and Lyra 10, Capts. Wm. Bevians, Thos. Southey, and Robt. Bloye, he sailed in the Scipion 74 for the Cape of Good Hope, with the flag of Hon. Sir Robt. Stopford; previously to following whom into the Lion 64 we find him cooperating, as Master’s Mate, in the reduction of Java. From Sept. 1813, until presented, in Aug. 1815, with a commission bearing date 1 March in that year, he was employed chiefly on the South American and Home stations, in the Nisus 38, Capt. Chas. Marsh Schomberg, Warspite 74, Capt. Lord Jas. O’Bryen, Akbar 50, flag-ship (off Flushing) of Rear-Admiral Thos. Byam Martin, and Harrier sloop, Capt. Sir Chas. Thos. Jones. He served afterwards, from 13 Nov. 1841 until the summer of 1843, as an agent for Transports afloat.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Wilson, Thomas

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​WILSON. (Commander, 1843.)
Thomas Wilson entered the Navy 8 Jan. 1828 passed his examination in 1835; obtained his first commission 9 May, 1839; was then appointed to the Excellent gunnery-ship at Portsmouth, Capt. Sir Thos. Hastings; and from 3 Jan. 1840 until paid off in March, 1843, was employed in the Blenheim 72, Capts. Sir Humphrey Fleming Senhouse and Sir Thos. Herbert. He shared in consequence in most of the operations of the China war. At the assault and capture of the forts and batteries at Chuenpee, 7 Jan. 1841, he commanded in person the Blenheim’s seamen. He attained his present rank 20 Sept. 1843; was nominated, 19 Nov. 1846, Second-Captain of the Canopus 84, Capt. Fairfax Moresby, attached to the Channel squadron; and since 4 May, 1848, has been serving in a similar capacity in the Howe 120, Capt. Sir Jas. Stirling, in the Mediterranean.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Wilson, William Watts

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​WILSON. (Lieutenant, 1841.)
William Watts Wilson was born 20 March, 1808, in the New Road, London, and died 29 May, 1845, while serving on the coast of Africa, as under, in the Lily.
This officer entered the Navy, 27 Oct. 1821, as Fst.-cl. Vol., on board the Liffey 50, fitting for the broad pendant of Commodore Chas. Grant, Commander-in-Chief in the East Indies. He was present as Midshipman at Rangoon during the Burmese war, and saw much boat service up the rivers of Ava. In Feb. 1826 he left the Liffey. He was afterwards for many years employed on surveying duty in South America, the North Sea, and West Indies, in the Adventure and Beagle, Capts. Phillip Parker King and Robt. FitzRoy, Fairy 10, Capt. Wm. Hewett, Thunder 6, Capt. Edw. Bamett, and Lark schooner, Lieut.-Commander Thos. Smith (d). While on the South American station be sketched the greater part of the S.W. coast of Terra del Fuego. Having passed his examination so far back as 29 Nov. 1827, he was at length, 30 April, 1841, promoted to the rank of Lieutenant. His last appointments were, 24 Sept. 1841, for nearly six months, to the North Star 26, Capt. Sir Jas. Everard Home, in the East Indies; and, 14 Dec. 1844, to the Lily 16, Capt. Chas. Jas. Franklin Newton, fitting for the coast of Africa, where he died. Agents – Messrs. Stilwell.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Broome, William

​Broome, William (1689-1745).—Poet and translator, b. at Haslington, Cheshire, and ed. at Eton and Camb., entered the Church, and held various incumbencies. He translated the Iliad in prose along with others, and was employed by Pope, whom he excelled as a Greek scholar, in translating the Odyssey, of which he Englished the 8th, 11th, 12th, 16th, 18th, and 23rd books, catching the style of his master so exactly as almost to defy identification, and thus annoying him so as to earn a niche in The Dunciad. He pub. verses of his own of very moderate poetical merit.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Brown, Charles Brockden

​Brown, Charles Brockden (1771-1810).—Novelist, b. in Philadelphia, belonged to a Quaker family, became a lawyer, but exchanged law for literature, and has the distinction of being the first American to adopt a purely literary career. He wrote several novels, including Wieland (1798), Ormond (1799), Arthur Mervyn (1800-1), and his last, Jane Talbot (1801). With a good deal of crudeness and sentimentality he has occasional power, but dwells too much on the horrible and repulsive, the result, perhaps, of the morbidity produced by the ill-health from which he all his life suffered.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Brooks, Charles William Shirley

​Brooks, Charles William Shirley (1816-1874).—Journalist and novelist, b. in London, began life in a solicitor's office. He early, however, took to literature, and contributed to various periodicals. In 1851 he joined the staff of Punch, to which he contributed "Essence of Parliament," and on the death of Mark Lemon (q.v.) he succeeded him as editor. He pub. a few novels, including Aspen Court and The Gordian Knot.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Brooks, Maria

​Brooks, Maria (Gowan) (1795?-1845).—American poetess, was early m. to a merchant, who lost his money, and left her a young widow, after which she wrote highly romantic and impassioned poetry. Her chief work, Zophiël or The Bride of Swen, was finished under the auspices of Southey, who called her "Maria del Occidente," and regarded her as "the most impassioned and imaginative of all poetesses," but time has not sustained this verdict.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Brown, Dr. John

​Brown, Dr. John (1810-1882).—Physician and essayist, s. of John B., D.D., a distinguished dissenting minister in Edin. B. at Biggar, he was ed. at the High School and Univ. of Edin., where practically the whole of his uneventful life was spent as a physician, and where he was revered and beloved in no common degree, and he was the cherished friend of many of his most distinguished contemporaries, including Thackeray. He wrote comparatively ​little; but all he did write is good, some of it perfect, of its kind. His essays, among which are Rab and his Friends, Pet Marjorie, Our Dogs, Minchmoor, and The Enterkine, were collected along with papers on art, and medical history and biography, in Horæ Subsecivæ (Leisure Hours), 3 vols. In the mingling of tenderness and delicate humour he has much in common with Lamb; in his insight into dog-nature he is unique. His later years were clouded with occasional fits of depression.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Bronté, Charlotte

​Bronté, Charlotte (1816-1855).—Novelist, dau. of the Rev. Patrick B., a clergyman of Irish descent and of eccentric habits who embittered the lives of his children by his peculiar theories of education. Brought up in a small parsonage close to the graveyard of a bleak, windswept village on the Yorkshire moors, and left motherless in early childhood, she was "the motherly friend and guardian of her younger sisters," of whom two, Emily and Anne, shared, but in a less degree, her talents. After various efforts as schoolmistresses and governesses, the sisters took to literature and pub. a vol. of poems under the names of Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell, which, however, fell flat. Charlotte then wrote her first novel, The Professor, which did not appear until after her death, and began Jane Eyre, which, appearing in 1847, took the public by storm. It was followed by Shirley in 1849, and Villette in 1852. In 1854 she was married to her father's curate, the Rev. A. Nicholls, but after a short though happy married life she d. in 1855. Emily B. (1818-1848).—a woman of remarkable force of character, reserved and taciturn, pub. in 1848 Wuthering Heights, a powerful, but somewhat unpleasing, novel, and some striking poems; and Anne (1820-1849), was the authoress of The Tenant of Wildfell Hall and Agnes Grey (1848). She had not the intellectual force of her sisters. The novels of Charlotte especially created a strong impression from the first, and the pub. of Jane Eyre gave rise to much curiosity and speculation as to its authorship. Their strength and originality have retained for them a high place in English fiction which is likely to prove permanent. There is a biography of Charlotte by Mrs. Gaskell (q.v.).
Complete ed. of the works of Charlotte B. have been issued by Mrs. Humphrey Ward (7 vols. 1899-1900), and by Sir W.R. Nicoll, LL.D. (1903). Note on Charlotte Bronté, A.C. Swinburne, 1877. A short Life in Great Writers Series by A. Birrell.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Brooke, Fulke Greville, Lord

​Brooke, Fulke Greville, Lord (1554-1628).—Poet and statesman, b. at Beauchamp Court, Warwickshire, and ed. at Shrewsbury and Camb., was a Privy Councillor, and held various important offices of state, including that of Chancellor of the Exchequer (1614-21). In the latter year he was created a peer. He was murdered by a servant. His works, which were chiefly pub. after his death, consist of tragedies and sonnets, and poems on political and moral subjects, including Cælica (109 sonnets). He also wrote a Life of Sir P. Sidney, whose friend he was. His style is grave and sententious. He is buried in the church at Warwick, and the inscription on his tomb, written by himself, is a compendious biography. It runs: "Fulke Greville, servant to Queen Elizabeth, counsellor to King James, friend to Sir Philip Sidney."
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Broughton, John Cam Hobhouse, 1st Lord

​Broughton, John Cam Hobhouse, 1st Lord (1786-1869).—Eldest s. of Sir Benjamin H., b. at Redland near Bristol, ed. at Westminster School and at Camb., where he became intimate with Byron, and accompanied him in his journeys in the Peninsula, Greece, and Turkey, and acted as his "best man." In 1816 he was with him after his separation from his wife, and contributed notes to the fourth canto of Childe Harold, which was dedicated to him. On his return he threw himself into politics with great energy as an advanced Radical, and wrote various pamphlets, for one of which he was in 1819 imprisoned in Newgate. In the following year he entered Parliament, sitting for Westminster. After the attainment of power by the Whigs he held various offices, including those of Sec. at War, Chief Sec. for Ireland, and Pres. of the Board of Control. He pub. Journey through Albania (1813), Historical Illustrations of the Fourth Canto of Childe Harold (1818), and Recollections of a Long Life (1865), for private circulation, and he left in MS. Diaries, Correspondence, and Memoranda, etc., not to be opened till 1900, extracts from which were pub. by his dau., Lady Dorchester, also under the title of Recollections from a Long Life (1909).
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Brooke, Henry

​Brooke, Henry (1703-1783).—Novelist and dramatist, b. in Ireland, s. of a clergyman, studied law, but embraced literature as a career. He wrote poems, dramas, and novels; but the only work which has kept its place is The Fool of Quality (5 vols. 1766-70), ​which was a favourite book with John Wesley. His now forgotten poem, Universal Beauty (1735) was admired by Pope. His dau., Charlotte, the only survivor of 22 children, tended him to his last days of decay, and was herself a writer, her principal work being Reliques of Irish Poetry (1789). She d. 1793.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Brougham And Vaux, Henry, 1st Lord

​Brougham And Vaux, Henry, 1st Lord (1778-1868).—S. of Henry B. of Brougham Hall, Westmoreland, b. in Edin., and ed. at the High School and Univ. there, where he distinguished himself chiefly in mathematics. He chose a legal career, and was called to the Scottish Bar in 1800, and to the English Bar in 1808. His chief forensic display was his defence of Queen Caroline in 1822. In 1810 he entered Parliament, where his versatility and eloquence soon raised him to a foremost place. The questions on which he chiefly exerted himself were the slave trade, commercial, legal, and parliamentary reform, and education, and in all of these he rendered signal service. When, in 1830, the Whigs, with whom he had always acted, attained power, B. was made Lord Chancellor; but his arrogance, selfishness, and indiscretion rendered him a dangerous and unreliable colleague, and he was never again admitted to office. He turned fiercely against his former political associates, but continued his efforts on behalf of reform in various directions. He was one of the founders of London Univ. and of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. In literature he has a place as one of the original projectors of and most voluminous contributors to The Edinburgh Review, and as the author of a prodigious number of treatises on science, philosophy, and history, including Dialogues on Instinct, Lives of Statesmen, Philosophers, and Men of Science of ​the Time of George III., Natural Theology, etc., his last work being an autobiography written in his 84th year, and pub. 1871. His writings were far too numerous and far too diverse in subject to be of permanent value. His fame now rests chiefly on his services to political and specially to legal reform, and to the diffusion of useful literature, which are his lasting monuments.
# A Treatise on Painting/Chapter 10

Chap. X.—The Alteration in the Proportion of the human Body from Infancy to full Age.
A man, in his infancy, has the breadth of his shoulders equal to the length of the face, and to the length of the arm from the shoulder to the elbow, when the arm is bent. It is the same again from the lower belly to the knee, and from the knee to the foot. But, when a man is arrived at the period of his full growth, every one of these dimensions becomes double in length, except the face, which, with the top of the head, undergoes but very little alteration in length. A well-proportioned and full-grown man, therefore, is ten times the length of his face; the breadth of his shoulders will be two faces, and in like manner all the above lengths will be double. The rest will ​be explained in the general measurement of the human body.
* ↑ See Chap. 351.
* ↑ Not to be found in this work.
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# A Treatise on Painting/Chapter 100

Chap. C.—That it is impossible for any Memory to retain the Aspects and Changes of the Members.
It is impossible that any memory can be able to retain all the aspects or motions of any member of any animal whatever. This case we shall exemplify by the appearance of the hand. And because any continued quantity is divisible ad infinitum, the motion of the eye which looks at the hand, and moves from A to B, moves by a space A B, which is also a continued quantity, and consequently divisible ad infinitum, and in every part of the motion varies to its view the aspect and figure of the hand; and so it will do if it move round the whole circle. The same will the hand do which is raised in its motion, that is, it will pass over a space, which is a continued quantity.
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# A Treatise on Painting/Adverts

BOOKS
PRINTED FOR J. TAYLOR.
1. SKETCHES for COUNTRY HOUSES, VILLAS, and RURAL DWELLINGS; calculated for Persons of moderate Income, and for comfortable Retirement. Also some Designs for Cottages, which may be constructed of the simplest Materials; with Plans and general Estimates. By John Plaw. Elegantly engraved in Aquatinta on Forty-two Plates. Quarto, 1l. 11s. 6d. in boards.
2. FERME ORNÉE, or RURAL IMPROVEMENTS; a Series of domestic and ornamental Designs, suited to Parks, Plantations, Rides, Walks, Rivers, Farms, &c. consisting of Fences, Paddock-houses, a Bath, Dog-kennels, Pavilions, Farm-yards, Fishing-houses, Sporting-boxes, Shooting-lodges, single and double Cottages, &c. calculated for landscape and picturesque Effects. By John Plaw, Architect. Engraved in Aquatinta, on Thirty-eight Plates, with appropriate Scenery, Plans, and Explanations. Quarto; in boards, 1l. 11s. 6d.
3. RURAL ARCHITECTURE, or Designs from the simple Cottage to the decorated Villa, including some which have been executed. By John Plaw. On Sixty-two Plates, with Scenery, in Aquatinta. Half-bound, 2l. 2s. ​4. HINTS for DWELLINGS, consisting of original Designs for Cottages, Farm-houses, Villas, &c. Plain and Ornamental; with Plans to each, in which strict Attention is paid, to unite Convenience and Elegance with Economy. Including some Designs for Town-houses. By D. Laing, Architect and Surveyor. Elegantly engraved on Thirty-four Plates in Aquatinta, with appropriate Scenery, Quarto, 1l. 5s. in boards.
5. SKETCHES for COTTAGES, VILLAS, &c. with their Plans and appropriate Scenery. By John Soane. To which are added, Six Designs for improving and embellishing Grounds, with Explanations by an Amateur, on Fifty-four Plates, elegantly engraved in Aquatinta; Folio, 2l. 12s. 6d. half-bound.
6. THE ARCHITECT and BUILDER’s MISCELLANY, or Pocket Library; containing original picturesque Designs, in Architecture, for Cottages, Farm, Country, and Town Houses, Public Buildings, Temples, Green-houses, Bridges, Lodges, and Gates for Entrances to Parks and Pleasure-grounds, Stables, Monumental Tombs, Garden Seats, &c. By Charles Middleton, Architect; on Sixty Plates, Octavo, coloured, 1l. 1s. bound.
7. DESIGNS for GATES and RAILS, suitable to Parks, Pleasure-grounds, Balconies, &c. Also some Designs for Trellis Work, on Twenty-seven Plates. By C. Middleton, 6s. Octavo.
Printed by S. Gosnell, Little Queen Street, Holborn, London.
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# A Treatise on Painting/Chapter 102

Chap. CII.—Of common Motions.
The variety of motions in man are equal to the variety of accidents or thoughts affecting the mind, and each of these thoughts, or accidents, will operate more or less, according to the temper and age of the subject; for the same cause will in the actions of youth, or of old age, produce very different effects.
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# A Treatise on Painting/Chapter 101

Chap. CI.—The Motions of Figures.
Never put the head straight upon the shoulders, but a little turned sideways to the right or left, even though the figures should be looking up or down, or straight, because it is necessary to give them some motion of life and spirit. Nor ever compose a figure in such a manner, either in a front or back view, as that every part falls straight upon another from the top to the bottom. But if you wish to introduce such a figure, use it for old age. Never repeat the same motion of arms, or of legs, not only not in the same figure, but in those which are standing by, or near; if the necessity of the case, or the expression of the subject you represent, do not oblige you to it.
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# A Treatise on Mechanics' Liens

As a digest of the law on Mechanic's Liens as it existed at the time of writing, the work is of great value.

## Preface

This book is the result of a great deal of hard work extending over a period of four years. I have endeavored to make it both accurate and exhaustive, and in order to achieve that end I have personally consulted the authorities, and have left no part of the labor to others. How far I have succeeded in my aim I leave the profession to judge. If this book will render it easier for the busy lawyer to inform himself in regard to a difficult and complicated subject it will not have been written in vain.
L B Jr. Chicago, III Oct 23, 1896
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
The longest-living author of this work died in 1933, so this work is in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 90 years or less. This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
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# A Treatise on Painting

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A
TREATISE
ON
PAINTING,
BY
LEONARDO DA VINCI.
Printed by S. Gosnell, Little Queen Street, Holborn, London.
T. Milton. Sculp.
LEONARDO DA VINCI. From a picture in the Florentine Museum London Published by J Taylor 59 High Holborn
A
TREATISE
ON
PAINTING,
BY
LEONARDO DA VINCI.
FAITHFULLY TRANSLATED FROM THE
ORIGINAL ITALIAN,
AND NOW FIRST DIGESTED UNDER PROPER HEADS,
By JOHN FRANCIS RIGAUD, Esq
ACADEMICIAN OF THE ROYAL ACADEMY OF PAINTING AT LONDON, AND ALSO OF THE ACADEMIA CLEMENTINA AT BOLOGNA, AND THE ROYAL ACADEMY AT STOCKHOLM.
Illustrated with twenty-three Copper-plates, and other Figures.
TO WHICH IS PREFIXED
A NEW LIFE OF THE AUTHOR,
DRAWN UP FROM AUTHENTIC MATERIALS TILL NOW INACCESSIBLE,
By JOHN SIDNEY HAWKINS, Esq. F.A.S.
ARISTOT. ETHIC. LIB. 6.
London:
PRINTED FOR J. TAYLOR, AT THE ARCHITECTURAL LIBRARY, HIGH HOLBORN.
M.DCCC.II.
* Preface to the Present Translation
* The Life of Leonardo da Vinci
* Catalogue of the Works of Leonardo da Vinci
TABLE OF CHAPTERS.
The Number at the End of each Title refers to the corresponding Chapter in the original Edition in Italian.
DRAWING.
PROPORTION.
ANATOMY.
MOTION AND EQUIPOISE OF FIGURES.
LINEAR PERSPECTIVE.
INVENTION or COMPOSITION.
EXPRESSION AND CHARACTER.
LIGHT and SHADOW.
CONTRASTE AND EFFECT.
REFLEXES.
COLOURS and COLOURING.
COLOURS.
COLOURS IN REGARD TO LIGHT AND SHADOW.
COLOURS IN REGARD TO BACK-GROUNDS.
CONTRASTE, HARMONY, AND REFLEXES, IN REGARD TO COLOURS.
PERSPECTIVE OF COLOURS.
AERIAL PERSPECTIVE.
MISCELLANEOUS OBSERVATIONS.
LANDSCAPE.
MISCELLANEOUS OBSERVATIONS.
# A Treatise on Painting/Chapter 1

A
TREATISE,
&c.
DRAWING.
PROPORTION.
Chap. I.—What the young Student in Painting ought in the first Place to learn.
The young student should, in the first place, acquire a knowledge of perspective, to enable him to give to every object its proper dimensions: after which, it is requisite that he be under the care of an able master, to accustom him, by degrees, to a good style of drawing the parts. Next, he must study Nature, in order to confirm and fix in his mind the reason of those precepts which he has learnt. He must also bestow some time in viewing the works of various old masters, to form his eye ​and judgment, in order that he may be able to put in practice all that he has been taught.
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# A Week with Gandhi

New York: Duell, Sloan and Pearce.
CONTENTS
Not in the original
| June 3, 1942 | 3 |
| June 4, 1942 | 5 |
| June 5, 1942 | 28 |
| June 6, 1942 | 41 |
| June 7, 1942 | 67 |
| June 8, 1942 | 87 |
| June 9, 1942 | 95 |
| June 10, 1942 | 109 |
| Comments | 114 |
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was legally published within the United States (or the United Nations Headquarters in New York subject to Section 7 of the United States Headquarters Agreement) before 1964, and copyright was not renewed.
* For Class A renewal records (books only) published between 1923 and 1963, check the Stanford University Copyright Renewal Database.
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Works could have had their copyright renewed between January 1st of the 27th year after publication or registration and December 31st of the 28th year. As this work's copyright was not renewed, it entered the public domain on January 1st of the 29th year.
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It is imperative that contributors ascertain that there is no evidence of a copyright renewal before using this license. Failure to do so will result in the deletion of the work as a copyright violation.
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