OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Work of a Generation

I thank the European Parliament and the LIBE Committee for taking up the challenge of mass surveillance. The surveillance of whole populations, rather than individuals, threatens to be the greatest human rights challenge of our time. The success of economies in developed nations relies increasingly on their creative output, and if that success is to continue, we must remember that creativity is the product of curiosity, which in turn is the product of privacy.
A culture of secrecy has denied our societies the opportunity to determine the appropriate balance between the human right of privacy and the governmental interest in investigation. These are not decisions that should be made for a people, but only by the people after full, informed, and fearless debate. Yet public debate is not possible without public knowledge, and in my country, the cost for one in my position of returning public knowledge to public hands has been persecution and exile. If we are to enjoy such debates in the future, we cannot rely upon individual sacrifice. We must create better channels for people of conscience to inform not only trusted agents of government, but independent representatives of the public outside of government.
When I began my work, it was with the sole intention of making possible the debate we see occurring here in this body and in many other bodies around the world. Today we see legislative bodies forming new committees, calling for investigations, and proposing new solutions for modern problems. We see emboldened courts that are no longer afraid to consider critical questions of national security. We see brave executives remembering that if a public is prevented from knowing how they are being governed, the necessary result is that they are no longer self-governing. And we see the public reclaiming an equal seat at the table of government. The work of a generation is beginning here, with your hearings, and you have the full measure of my gratitude and support.

## Licensing

This work is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported license, which allows free use, distribution, and creation of derivatives, so long as the license is unchanged and clearly noted, and the original author is attributed.
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# The formation of vegetable mould, through the action of worms (1881)

London: John Murray, pages ttl–vii
THE FORMATION
OF
VEGETABLE MOULD,
THROUGH THE
ACTION OF WORMS,
WITH
OBSERVATIONS ON THEIR HABITS.
By CHARLES DARWIN, LL. D., F.R.S.
WITH ILLUSTRATIONS
LONDON: JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET. 1881.
The right of Translation is reserved.
LONDON:
PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LIMITED,
STANFORD STREET AND CHARING CROSS.
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER I.
HABITS OF WORMS.
CHAPTER II.
HABITS OF WORMS.—continued.
CHAPTER III.
THE AMOUNT OF FINE EARTH BROUGHT UP BY WORMS TO THE SURFACE.
Rate at which various objects strewed on the surface of grass-fields are covered up by the castings of worms—The burial of a paved path—The slow subsidence of great stones left on the surface—The number of worms which live within a given space—The ​weight of earth ejected from a burrow, and from all the burrows within a given space—The thickness of the layer of mould which the castings on a given space would form within a given time if uniformly spread out—The slow rate at which mould can increase to a great thickness—Conclusion 129–175
CHAPTER IV.
THE PART WHICH WORMS HAVE PLAYED IN THE BURIAL OF ANCIENT BUILDINGS.
CHAPTER V.
THE ACTION OF WORMS IN THE DENUDATION OF THE LAND.
Evidence of the amount of denudation which the land has undergone—Subaerial denudation—The deposition of dust—Vegetable mould, its dark colour and ​fine texture largely due to the action of worms—The disintegration of rocks by the humus-acids—Similar acids apparently generated within the bodies of worms—The action of these acids facilitated by the continued movement of the particles of earth—A thick bed of mould checks the disintegration of the underlying soil and rocks—Particles of stone worn or triturated in the gizzards of worms—Swallowed stones serve as millstones—The levigated state of the castings—Fragments of brick in the castings over ancient buildings well rounded. The triturating power of worms not quite insignificant under a geological point of view 230–258
CHAPTER VI.
THE DENUDATION OF THE LAND—continued.
CHAPTER VII.
CONCLUSION.
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The formation of vegetable mould, through the action of worms
### Published by John Murray, London

* The formation of vegetable mould, through the action of worms (1881)
* The formation of vegetable mould, through the action of worms (1882) (start transcription)
* The formation of vegetable mould, through the action of worms (1888) (start transcription)
* The formation of vegetable mould, through the action of worms (1897) (start transcription)

### Published by D. Appleton & Co., New York

* The formation of vegetable mould, through the action of worms (1882), as Vol. XXXVII of The International Scientific Series (external scan)
* The formation of vegetable mould, through the action of worms (1888) (start transcription)
* The formation of vegetable mould, through the action of worms (1890) (start transcription)
* The formation of vegetable mould, through the action of worms (1896) (start transcription)
# The food of the Gods - A Popular Account of Cocoa/Bournville Works Suggestion Scheme

APPENDIX II.
BOURNVILLE WORKS SUGGESTION SCHEME.
December, 1902.
The objects in view are:
1. To encourage our employés to make all the suggestions they can for the mutual welfare of the business and everyone connected with it. Even the smallest suggestion may be of value.
2. To enable those in our employ to share in the benefit of the suggestions they make, and to receive personal recognition for them.
3. To insure harmonious relations between all sections of the work.
PRIZES.
Prizes of the undermentioned values will be given half-yearly for suggestions meriting reward:
Men's Departments.—One of £10; two of £5; two of £2 10s.; ten of £1; fifteen of 10s.; thirty of 5s. ​Girls' Departments.—One of £5; two of £2; eight of £1; fifteen of 10s.; thirty of 5s.
The following list will indicate on what lines suggestions may be made:
1. Comfort, safety, or health of employés.
2. Means by which waste of material may be avoided.
3. Saving of time or expense.
4. Improvements in machinery or in methods of working.
5. Introduction of new goods, or new ideas.
6. Calling attention to any existing defects.
7. Suggestions affecting athletic and other clubs and societies, libraries, magazine, etc.
8. Any suggestion not included in the above list will be welcomed.
REGULATIONS.
Everyone, including foremen and forewomen, is encouraged to make suggestions which, if of value, will be eligible for the prizes mentioned above (excepting those sent in by foremen and forewomen).
Suggestions should be written on or attached to the forms which will be found on each box, the boxes being fixed in the various departments, also in the entrance lodges, dining-rooms, and recreation grounds. Suggestions can be placed in any of these. ​It is imperative that all particulars at head of form, which will bear a distinctive number, should be carefully filled in. If this is not complied with no notice will be taken of suggestions. Forms may be taken from the book and filled up at home.
All suggestions will be acknowledged by a notice posted on the boards once a week, giving a list of the printed numbers on the suggestion forms received for consideration.
Should any number not appear in this list a communication should at once be sent to the Secretary.
Those who have left the employ of the firm are entitled to prizes for any suggestions made whilst they were here, unless they should leave through misconduct.
The suggestions are considered weekly by the committees with a member of the firm, and are dealt with in the order in which they are received. They are finally judged by the firm at the end of May and November, and prizes distributed before the summer holidays and at the Christmas gathering.
Every effort is made by the committees to keep the names of the suggestors strictly private.
# The food of the Gods - A Popular Account of Cocoa/The Early Cocoa Houses

APPENDIX III.
THE EARLY COCOA HOUSES.
At No. 64, St. James's Street is the "Cocoa Tree Club." In the reign of Queen Anne there was a famous chocolate-house known as the "CocoaTree," a favourite sign to mark that new and fashionable beverage. Its frequenters were Tories of the strictest school. De Foe tells us in his "Journey through England," that "a Whig will no more go to the 'Cocoa Tree' . . . than a Tory will be seen at the coffee-house of St. James's." In course of time the "Cocoa Tree" developed into a gaming-house and a club.
As a club, the "Cocoa Tree" did not cease to keep up its reputation for high play. Although the present establishment bearing the name dates its existence only from the year 1853, the old chocolate-house was probably converted into a club as far back as the middle of the last century. Lord Byron was a member of this club, and so was Gibbon, the historian. —From "Old and New Loncfon," Cassell & Co.
NOTE.
Reference in detail to the numerous authorities who have been laid under contribution for this brochure would be out of place in so popular a compilation, but the writer desires to express his special indebtedness to "Cocoa: All about It" by "Historicus" not only for facts, but also for some of his illustrations. To Messrs. Cadbury, too, he is indebted for permission to use several of the illustrations, as well as for much valuable information.
# The food of the Gods - A Popular Account of Cocoa/Ancient Manufacture Of Cocoa

APPENDIX I.
ANCIENT MANUFACTURE OF COCOA.
Most of the operations described are only the performance on a large scale by modern machinery of those employed by the Mexicans, and by those who learned from them, of whom we read:
"For this purpose they have a broad, smooth stone, well polished or glazed very hard, and being made fit in all respects for their use, they grind the cacaos thereon very small, and when they have so done, they have another broad stone ready, under which they keep a gentle fire.
"A more speedy way for the making up of the cacao into chocolate is this: They have a mill made in the form of some kind of malt-mills, whose stones are firm and hard, which work by turning, and upon this mill are ground the cacaos grossly, and then between other stones they work that which is
ground yet smaller, or else by beating it up in a mortar bring it into the usual form."
A later writer remarks of this process:
"The Indians, from whom we borrow it, are not very nice in doing it; they roast the kernels in earthen pots, then free them from their skins, and afterwards crush and grind them between two stones, and so form cakes of it with their hands."
A MEXICAN METATE, OR GRINDING STONE.
And, further on, in speaking of the Spaniards' mode of preparation, he says:
"They put them (the kernels) into a large mortar to reduce them to a gross powder, which they afterwards grind upon a stone. They make choice of a stone which naturally resists the fire, from sixteen to eighteen inches broad, and about twenty-seven or thirty long and three in thickness, and hollowed in
the middle about one inch and a half deep. Under this they place a pan of coals to heat the stone, so that the heat makes it easy for the iron roller to make it so fine as to leave neither lump nor the least hardness."
At the present day, when the beans are plentiful on the cacao estates, but no machines for manufacture exist, the planters prepare a palatable drink by roasting the beans on a moving shovel or pan over the open fire, husking them by the time-honoured plan of tossing in the breeze, and grinding out on a flat stone in much the same manner as did the old Spaniards. The writer has even seen a little tobacco-press ingeniously adapted for the purpose of extracting the butter, the invention of Mr. J. H. Hart, of the Trinidad Botanical Gardens, a gentleman who has done much in the direction of investigating the best cacao for seed, and the most favourable methods of cultivation.
# The Works of Henry Fielding/Similes. To The Same.

This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
Another poem addressed to Celia.
AS wildest libertines would rate, Compar'd with pleasure, an estate;
Or as his life a hero'd prize, When honour claim'd the sacrifice;
Their souls as strongest misers hold,
When in the balance weigh'd with gold;
Such, was thy happiness at stake, My fortune, life, and soul, I'd make.
# The Works of Henry Fielding/On A Lady, Coquetting With A Very Silly Fellow.

This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
CORINNA'S judgment do not less admire,
That she for Oulus shows a gen'rous fire;
Lucretia toying thus had been a fool,
But wiser Helen might have us'd the tool.
Since Oulus for one use alone is fit, With charity judge of Corinna's wit.
# The Works of Henry Fielding/On The Same.

This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
A poem on the same theme as 'On A Lady, Coquetting With A Very Silly Fellow.'
WHILE men shun Oulus as a fool,
 Dames prize him as a beau;
What judgment form we by this rule?
 Why this it seems to shew.
Those apprehend the beau's a fool,
 These think the fool's a beau.
# The Works of Henry Fielding/The Beggar. A Song.

I.
 WHILE cruel to your wishing slave, You still refuse the boon I crave,
Confess, what joy that precious pearl
Conveys to thee, my lovely girl?
II.
 Dost thou not act the miser's part,
Who with an aching, lab'ring heart, Counts the dull joyless shining store,
Which he refuses to the poor?
III.
 Confess then, my too lovely maid,
Nor blush to see thy thoughts betray'd;
What, parted with, gives heav'n to me;
Kept, is but pain and grief to thee.
IV.
 Be charitable then, and dare
Bestow the treasure you can spare;
And trust the joys which you afford
Will to yourself be sure restor'd.
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Thom's Irish Who's Who/Carvill, Patrick George Hamilton

​CARVILL, Patrick George Hamilton, J.P., for Cos. Cork, Down and Armagh; b. 1839; son of Francis Carvill. of Rostrevor, Co. Down; Barrister, Middle Temple. 1883; High Sheriff of Co. Armagh, 1878; M.P. for Newry, 1892-1906: late member of the Court of Referees in the House of Commons, 1906. Res.: 105 Pall Mall, London, S.W.: Ballyvourney, Co. Cork.
# Thom's Irish Who's Who/Cashel and Emly

​CASHEL and EMLY, Lord Archbishop of, His Grace the Most Rev. John Harty, D.D., Metropolitan of Munster. Educ.: Thurles, Maynooth, and Gregorian University. Rome: Priest, 1894: Professor of Dogmatic Theology, St. Patrick's College, Maynooth. 1895-04: Professor of Moral Theology, 1904-09: Professor of Canon Law, 1909-13; Hon. Sec. Maynooth Union, 1904-13; b. 1867. Res.: The Palace, Thurles, Co. Tipperary.
# Thom's Irish Who's Who/Carter, Ernest F.

​CARTER, Ernest F.; served in Great War with rank of Captain; now engaged in business in London. Sport: golf. Records: in 1919 won Irish Amateur (Native) Championship, and was semi-finalist in 1920; South of Ireland Champion, 1920; Irish Amateur (Native) Champion and Semi-finalist Irish Open Championship 1921; b. at Blackrock, Co. Dublin, 1894; Address: c/o Messrs. Spaldings, Putney, London, S.W. Clubs: Royal Portrush, Royal Dublin, Coombe Hill (London).
# Thom's Irish Who's Who/Carter, Victor Arthur Tilson Shaen

duplicate of Shaen Carter, Victor Arthur Tilson
​CARTER, Victor Arthur Tilson Shaen, J.P., Co. Mayo: eldest son of Geo. Tilson Shaen Carter, J.P., of Erris, Co. Mayo, and Pebworth Manor, Straftord-on-Avon; b. 1879: m. 1909, Wilfreda Christine, dau. of late Richard Davis, of Hove, Sussex. Res.: Shaen Lodge, Belmullet, Co. Mayo.
# Thom's Irish Who's Who/Carson, Baron

​CARSON, Baron (Life Peerage) (Unit. Kgd., 1921), and a Knt. (1900), Edward Henry Carson, 1st Baron, P.C. (Irld.) 1896. P.C. (Engl.) 1905, M.A. (Trin. Coll., Dublin), LL.D. (Hon. Causa); called to the Irish Bar, 1877; Middle Temple, 1893; Q.C. (Irel.), 1889 and (Engl.), 1894; Solicitor-General for Ireland, June, 1892; Solicitor-General for England, 1900-1905; Attorney- General for England, 1915; First Lord of the Admiralty, Oct., 1916, to July, 1917; Member of War Cabinet without Portfolio. 1917. Lord of Appeal in Ordinary from 1921; M.P. for Dublin University, 1892-1918; M.P. for Belfast, Duncairn Div., 1918-21: Bencher of Fing's Inns, Dublin, and Middle Temple. London. Second son of the late Edward H. Carson, Esq., C.t.; b. 1854; m. 1st, 1879, Sarah Annette (d. 1913), dau. of late H. Pearse Kirwan, of Triston Lodge, Co. Galway; 2nd, 1914, Ruby, elder dau. of Col. Stephen Frewen, late 16th Lancers, of Charlton Musgrove, Wincanton. Res.: 5 Eaton Place, S.W.; Cleve Court, Minster, Thanot. Clubs: Carlton, Garrick, S.W.; Ulster Club, Belfast.
# Thom's Irish Who's Who/Carty, Francis Joseph

​CARTY, Francis Joseph (M.P. for East Mayo and Sligo from 1922); Member of the Sligo County Council. Res.: Cloonacunny, Ballinacarrow, Co. Sligo.
# Thom's Irish Who's Who/Casement, Roger

​CASEMENT, Roger, D.L., J.P., Co. Antrim: eldest son of John Casement, J.P., of Magherintemple, Co. Antrim; b. 1850; m. 1877, Susan (d. 1915), dau. of Jas. Beatty, C.E. Res.: Magherintemple, Ballycastle, Co. Antrim.
# Thom's Irish Who's Who/Cashel, Emly, Waterford, and Lismore, Bishop of

​CASHEL, EMLY, WATERFORD, and LISMORE, Bishop of, The Right Rev. Robert Miller, M.A., D.D.; 53rd Bishop; cons. 1919: Curate of Christ Church, Derry, 1892-4: Rector of Donegal, 1894-1900; Rector of Raphoe, 190005; Secretary, Incorporated Society for Promoting Protestant Schools in Ireland, 1905-16; Rector of St. James's, Bray, 1911-16: Dean of Waterford. 1916-19; a Commissioner of National Education; b. 1866: m. 1897, May. dau. of Very Rev. J. Potter, Dean of Raphoe. Res.: Oldcourt, Waterford.
# Thom's Irish Who's Who/Carson, William Burton

​CARSON, William Burton; a director of the Royal Bank of Ireland and of the Gt. Northern Railway (Ireland); son of J. J. H. Carson, of 3 Willow Bank, Kingstown, Co. Dublin; b. 1872: m. 1897, Alice, dau. of Thos. Plunket Cairnes, of Stameen, Drogheda. Res.: Broomfield, Malahide, Co. Dublin.
# Thom's Irish Who's Who/Carter, Thomas

​CARTER, Thomas (M.P. for Leitrim and N. Roscommon from 1921).
# The Works of J. W. von Goethe/Volume 4

TRUTH AND FICTION RELATING TO MY LIFE
Volume I
Portrait of Goethe
Photogravure from an etching by Lalauze
The Works of J. W. von Goethe
With His Life by GEORGE HENRY LEWES
Edited by NATHAN HASKELL DOLE
Translations by SIR WALTER SCOTT, SIR THEODORE MARTIN JOHN OXENFORD, THOMAS CARLYLE AND OTHERS
In Fourteen Volumes Volume IV.
PUBLISHED BY
FRANCIS A. NICCOLLS & CO.
LONDON AND BOSTON
Lyceum Edition
Limited to 750 Numbered and Registered Sets for America
Copy 232
Oxford Press
Table of Contents
| | PAGE |
| Author's Preface | vii |
| Part the First |
| First Book | 1 |
| Second Book | 42 |
| Third Book | 82 |
| Fourth Book | 117 |
| Fifth Book | 171 |
| Part the Second |
| Sixth Book | 231 |
| Seventh Book | 277 |
| Eighth Book | 334 |
| Ninth Book | 384 |
List of Illustrations
| | PAGE |
| Portrait of Goethe | Frontispiece |
| "Often visited them in their studios" | 89 |
| "She leaned her head upon my shoulder" | 208 |
| "She brought the wine I drank" | 305 |
| "I also began to provide myself with a little apparatus" | 372 |
# The Works of J. W. von Goethe/Volume 12/Letters from Switzerland

LETTERS FROM SWITZERLAND
Letters from Switzerland
When, a few years ago, the copies of the following letters were first made known to us, it was asserted that they had been found among Werther's papers; and it was pretended, that, before his acquaintance with Charlotte, he had been in Switzerland. We have never seen the originals: however, we would not on any account anticipate the judgment and feelings of our readers; for, whatever may be their true history, it is impossible to read them without sympathy.
* Part the First
* Part the Second
# The Works of J. W. von Goethe/Volume 2

WILHELM MEISTER'S APPRENTICESHIP
Volume II
"'I might soon be rich.'"
Photogravure from the painting by Otto Erdmann.
The Works of J. W. von Goethe
With His Life by GEORGE HENRY LEWES
Edited by NATHAN HASKELL DOLE
Translations by SIR WALTER SCOTT, SIR THEODORE MARTIN JOHN OXENFORD, THOMAS CARLYLE AND OTHERS
In Fourteen Volumes Volume II.
PUBLISHED BY
FRANCIS A. NICCOLLS & CO.
LONDON AND BOSTON
Lyceum Edition
Limited to 750 Numbered and Registered Sets for America
Copy 232
Oxford Press
Contents
| | PAGE |
| Book V. | 1 |
| Book VI. | 65 |
| Book VII. | 167 |
| Book VIII. | 259 |
List of Illustrations
| | PAGE |
| "'I might soon be rich'" (See page 197) | Frontispiece |
| "'Every actor should train himself to recite'" | 35 |
| "Wilhelm suddenly threw himself at Philina's feet" | 73 |
| "She seated herself here" | 280 |
| In the Seclusion of His Cloister | 356 |
# Thom's Irish Who's Who/Hamilton, Marquess of

James Edward Hamilton
​HAMILTON, Marquess of, James Edward Hamilton; eldest son of 3rd Duke of Abercorn; b. 29th Feb., 1904.
# Thom's Irish Who's Who/Hamilton, Right Hon. Lord Claud John

​HAMILTON, Right Hon. Lord Claud John; P.C. (1917): formerly Capt. Gren, Gds.; Col. Comd. 5th Batt. (Mil.) Roy. Inniskilling Fus., 1867-91, and Hon. Col., 1891-1908; A.D.C. to Queen Victoria, 1887-97: a junior Lord of the Treasury, 1868; M.P. for Londonderry, 1865-68; King's Lynn, 1869-80; Liverpool, 1880-85; W. Derby Div., 1885-88, and for S. Kensington, Jan., 1910, to Dec, 1918: High Steward of Gt. Yarmouth since 1903, and of Harwich; Knight of Justice of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem; Chairman of the Gt. Eastern Railway Co.; 2nd son of 1st Duke of Abercorn, K.G.; b. 1843; m. 1878, Carolina, dau. of E. Sacheverell Chandos Pole. Radbourne Hall, Derby, who died Sept., 1911. Res.: 28 Cambridge Square, W. Clubs—Carlton, S.W.; Bachelors', Guards', W.
# Thom's Irish Who's Who/Hamilton, Rt. Hon. Lord George Francis

​HAMILTON, Rt. Hon. Lord George Francis, P.C; G.C.S.I. (1903); D.C.L.; D.L. and J.P. for Middlesex and Westminster: entered Rifle Brigade. 1864, transferred to Coldstream Guards, 1868; retired 1869; Under-Secretary of State for India (1874-78); Vice-President of Council on Education, and 4th Charity Commissioner, 1878-80; First Lord of the Admiralty, 1885-6, and 1886-92; Chairman, London School Board, 1894-5; Secretary of State for India, 1895-1903; Chairman of Royal Commission upon Poor Laws, Ac, 1905-9; Chairman, Harrow School Governors; Captain, Deal Castle, 1899; M.P. for Middlesex, 1868-1906; Chairman, Mesopotamia Commission, 1916-17: third son of the 1st Duke of Abercorn, K.G.; b. 1845; m. 28th Nov., 1871, Lady. Maude Caroline Lascelles, youngest dau. of the 3rd Earl of Harewood, and has issue three sons. Res.: 17 Montagu Street, W.; The Castle, Deal. Carlton, St. Stephen's, and Athenaeum Clubs, London, S.W.
# Thom's Irish Who's Who/Hamilton, Catherine Jane

​HAMILTON, Catherine Jane, younger dau. of the Rev. Richard Hamilton, Vicar of Kilmersdon, Somerset, and Charlotte Cooper, fourth dau. of William Cooper, of Cooper's Hill, Carlow. Author of True to the Core, a romance of '98 (F. White, London) Notable Irishwomen; The Luck of the Kavanaghs (Sealy, Bryers and Walker). Has written short stories relating to Ireland for the Graphic Xmas. numbers, for Cassell's Newspaper Press Agency, and for the Northern Newspaper Syndicate. Res.: Middleton House, Gorey, Co. Wexford. Club: The Women Writers, 10 Norfolk Street, Strand, London.