OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# A Chinese and English vocabulary, in the Tie-chiu dialect/Tⁿá
### Tⁿá.
#### 擔$^1$

    To carry on the shoulder; to sustain; be responsible for; a burden.

#### 胆$^2$

    Gall; bile; courage; daring; fleshy; fat.

#### 淡$^{-3}$

    Insipid; thin; light; volatile; unstable.

#### 擲$^{-3}$

    To throw; throw away.

#### 呾

    To speak.

#### 膽

    To enquire.

#### 担$^{3-}$

    A burden; picul; to strike; brush away; to lift; carry.
# A Chinese and English vocabulary, in the Tie-chiu dialect/Tⁿoi
### Tʽⁿoi.
#### 佃$^{-3}$

    To cultivate the ground; to plough; to catch animals.

#### 殿$^3$

    A mansion; temple; hall; court.

#### 靛$^3$

    A blue dye; to color blue.

#### 有$^3$

    Solid; real; substantial; having a kernel.
# A Chinese and English vocabulary, in the Tie-chiu dialect/U
### U.
#### 雩$^{-1}$

    Sacrifices intended to implore rain.

#### 樗$^{-1}$

    Name of a certain wood.

#### 娛$^{-1}$

    Joy; extacy; delight; to exult.

#### 于$^1$

    In; through; to; at; great; extensive.

#### 吁$^1$

    An interjection denoting disapprobation, concern or grief; to call.

#### 旴$^{-1}$

    Morning; dawn; extending; great.

#### 盂$^1$

    A vessel to contain rice, wine, or water.

#### 汗$^1$汚$^1$

    Foul; dirty; name of a river.

#### 訏$^1$

    False; boasting; great.

#### 迂$^1$

    Wide; remote; vague; crooked; depraved; roving.

#### 呼$^1$

    To breathe out; call; invoke.

#### 杇$^1$

    A vessel for drinking with; large; self-sufficient.

#### 嗚$^1$

    Alas! to sigh; lament.

#### 鷗$^1$

    A certain water-fowl.

#### 於$^1$

    An interjection of grief or surprise; in; to consist in.

#### 羽$^2$

    Wings of a bird; feathers; a note of music.

#### 禹$^2$

    Name of an ancient Chinese emperor.

#### 宇$^2$

    To cover or spread over; the canopy of heaven; wide.

#### 有$^{-3}$

    Is; to be; to possess; existence; affluent; further; more; truly.

#### 惡$^{3-}$

    To hate; loathe.

#### 塢$^{3-}$

    A bank, dike or wall; barracks; a village.
# A Chinese and English vocabulary, in the Tie-chiu dialect/Ua
### Ua.
#### 騧$^1$

    A yellowish horse with black mouth.

#### 剮$^1$

    To cut off the flesh and leave the skeleton bare.

#### 呱$^1$

    To cry as a child; crying; sobbing.

#### 罛$^1$

    A net for fish.

#### 哇$^1$

    A lascivious or flattering tone; a child sobbing; to vomit.

#### 蛙$^1$

    Frogs; a croaking noise as of frogs.

#### 畦$^1$

    Name of a place; a field containing 50 acres.

#### 瓦$^2$

    Earthen ware; tiles; bricks.

#### 我$^2$

    I; me; our; used emphatically when speaking of tone's parents or country.

#### 吾$^2$

    I; me; when speaking of one's self; to guard; impede.

#### 倚$^2$

    To lean against; depend upon; inclined to one side.

#### 活$^{-4}$

    Alive; lively; cheerful; moving.
# A Chinese and English vocabulary, in the Tie-chiu dialect/Tⁿe
### Tⁿe.
#### 撐$^{-1}$

    To push with a pole; to pole a boat.
# A Chinese and English vocabulary, in the Tie-chiu dialect/Tⁿia
### Tⁿia.
#### 定$^1$

    Settled; fixed; tranquil; certain; to settle; decide; only.

#### 鼎$^2$

    A tripod; stable; correct; to establish; make firm; a trying-pan or rice pot.

#### 綻$^{-3}$

    The seam of a garment; to open a seam.

#### 錠$^{-3}$

    White copper or tin; a certain piece of silver.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Scrub-bird

See also Scrubbird on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​SCRUB-BIRD, the name of an Australian genus, one of the most curious ornithological types of the many furnished by that country. The first examples were procured between Perth and Augusta in West Australia, and were described by J. Gould in the Zoological Society's Proceedings for 1844 (pp. 1, 2) as forming a new genus and species under the name of Atrichia clamosa, the great peculiarity observed by that naturalist being the absence of any bristles around the gape, in which respect alone it seemed to differ from the already known genus Sphenura. Later, however, it was given its modern name Atrichornis clamosa and on account of the discovery of its peculiar sternum (made by A. Newton) it was removed from Oscine division of the Passeres, and the family Atrichornithidae in the sub-oscine division of Passeres was made for the genus, the nearest ally being the lyre-bird (q.v.), now placed in the family Menuridae.
West-Australian Scrub-bird (Atrichornis clamosa).
Both the known species of scrub-bird are about the size of a small thrush—A. clamosa being the larger of the two. This species is brown above, each feather barred with a darker shade; the throat and belly are reddish white, and there is a large black patch on the breast; while the flanks are brown and the lower tail-coverts rufous. A. rufescens of New South Wales has the white and black of the fore-parts replaced by brown, barred much as is the upper plumage. Both species inhabit the thickest “scrub” or brushwood forest; but little has been ascertained as to their mode of life except that the males are noisy, imitative of the notes of other birds, and given to violent gesticulations. The nest and eggs seem never to have been found, and indeed no example of the female of either species is known to have been procured, whence that sex may be inferred to escape observation by its inconspicuous appearance and retiring habits. (A. N.)
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Scruple

See also Scruple on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​SCRUPLE, a term used in the two senses of (1) perplexity, doubt, reluctance or hesitation, especially the moral doubt arising from the difficulties of conscience; (2) a unit of weight, 1/24; part of the ounce in apothecaries' weight, ⅓ of a dram, 20 grains (1.295 grammes). The word is an adaptation of Fr. scrupule, Lat. scrupulus, scrupulum, primarily a small sharp stone, also used in both the English meanings, dim. of scrupus, a rough stone, figuratively uneasiness of mind, probably to be connected with the root skar, to cut, cf. Gr. σκῦρον, stone-chippings, ζξυρόν, a razor.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Scrutin de Liste

See also General ticket on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​SCRUTIN DE LISTE (Fr. scrutin, voting by ballot, and liste, a list), a system of election of national representatives by which the electors of a department vote for all the deputies to be elected in that department (compare the “general ticket” in the United States). It is distinguished from the scrutin d’arrondissement, under which the electors in each arrondissement vote only for the deputy to be elected in it. See Representation.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Scrutiny

See also Scrutiny on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​SCRUTINY (Fr. scrutin, Late Lat. scrutinium, from scrutari, to search or examine thoroughly), careful examination or inquiry. The word is specifically applied in the early church to the examination of the catechumens or those under instruction in the faith. They were taught the creed and the Lord’s Prayer, examined therein, and exorcised prior to baptism. The days of scrutiny varied at different periods from three to seven. From about the beginning of the 12th century, when it became usual to baptize infants soon after their birth instead of at stated times (Easter and Pentecost), the ceremony of scrutiny was incorporated with that of the actual baptism. Scrutiny is also a term applied to a method of electing a pope in the Roman Catholic church, in contradistinction to two other methods, acclamation and accession. (See Conclave.) In the law of elections, scrutiny is the careful examination of votes cast after the unsuccessful candidate has lodged a petition claiming the seat, and alleging that he has the majority of legal votes. Each vote is dealt with separately, notice being given beforehand by one party to the other of the votes objected to and the grounds of objection.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Scrofula

See also Scrofula on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​SCROFULA (Lat. for “little sow ”), or Struma, the general names formerly given to the disease now termed tuberculosis (q.v.)—“scrofulous,” “strumous” and "tuberculous” being nearly interchangeable. The particular characters associated with “ scrofula " have, therefore, varied at different periods. ​when the real nature of the disease was misunderstood; but essentially what was meant was tuberculosis of the bones and lymphatic glands, with its attendant symptoms, and it is in this sense that the word survives. The old English popular name was “king's evil,” so called from the belief that the sovereign's touch could effect a cure. This superstition can be traced back to the time of Edward the Confessor in England, and to a much earlier period in France. Samuel Johnson was touched by Queen Anne in 1712, and the same prerogative of royalty was exercised by Prince Charles Edward in 1745.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Scrope, George Julius Poulett

See also George Julius Poulett Scrope on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​SCROPE, GEORGE JULIUS POULETT (1797–1876), English geologist and political economist, was born on the 10th of March 1797, the second son of J. Poulett Thompson of Waverley Abbey, Surrey. He was educated at Harrow, and for a short time at Pembroke College, Oxford, but in 1816 he entered St John’s College, Cambridge, graduated B.A. in 1821, and through the influence of E. D. Clarke and Sedgwick became interested in mineralogy and geology. During the winter of 1816–1817 he was at Naples, and was so keenly interested in Vesuvius that he renewed his studies of the volcano in 1818; and in the following year visited Etna and the Lipari Islands. In 1821 he married the daughter and heiress of William Scrope of Castle Combe, Wiltshire, and assumed her name; and he entered parliament in 1833 as M.P. for Stroud, retaining his seat until 1868. Meanwhile he began to study the volcanic regions of Central France in 1821, and visited the Eifel district in 1823. In 1825 he published Considerations on Volcanos, leading to the establishment of a new theory of the Earth, and in the following year was elected F.R.S. This earlier work was subsequently amplified and issued under the title of Volcanos (1862): an authoritative text-book of which a second edition was published ten years later. In 1827 he issued his classic Memoir on the Geology of Central France, including the Volcanic formations of Auvergne, the Veloy and the Vivarais, a quarto volume illustrated by maps and plates. The substance of this was reproduced in a revised and somewhat more popular form in The Geology and extinct Volcanos of Central France (1858). Scrope was awarded the Wollaston Medal by the Geological Society in 1867. Among his other works was the History of the Manor and Ancient Barony of Castle Combe (printed for private circulation, 1852). He died at Fairlawn near Cobham in Surrey on the 19th of January 1876.
Biography (with portrait) in Geol. Mag. for May 1870.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Scroll

See also Scroll on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​SCROLL, a strip or roll of paper, parchment, &c. The word in Mid. Eng. was scrow, and came from Fr. escrou, modern écrou; the French form is preserved in the legal term “escrow” (see Deed); the French diminutive escronel gave the English form “scroll.” The Fr. escrou is of Teutonic origin and is connected with “shred,” “shard” and "sherd”; and meant a “ shred” of paper. The term is sometimes given in architecture to the volute of the Ionic capital, to the termination of the handrail of a staircase, and also to the wave-like decorations of Roman red glazed pottery, and more particularly in Samian ware.
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Tullia, or Tulliola

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TULLIA, or TULLIOLA,
A daughter of Cicero and Terentia his wife. She married Caius Piso, and afterwards Furius Crassippus, and lastly P. Corn. Dolabella. Dolabella was turbulent, and the cause of much grief to Tullia and her father, by whom she was tenderly beloved. Tullia died in childbed, about B. C. 44, soon after her divorce from Dolabella. She was about thirty-two years old at the time of her death, and appears to have been an admirable woman. She was most affectionately devoted to her father; and to the usual graces of her sex having added the more solid accomplishments of knowledge and literature, was qualified to be the companion as well as the delight of his age; and she was justly esteemed not only one of the best, but the most learned of the Roman women. Cicero's affliction at her death was so great, though philosophers came from all parts of the world to comfort him, that he withdrew for some time from all society, and devoted himself entirely to writing and reading, especially all the works he could meet with on the necessity of moderating grief.
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Valentine

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VALENTINE,
Of Milan, daughter of John Galeas, Duke of Milan, and of Isabelle, the youngest of the ten children of John the Second of France, married, in 1389, Louis, Duke of Orleans, brother of Charles the Sixth of France. She was a beautiful and accomplished woman, and appears, in the midst of that disastrous epoch in French history, like an angel of goodness and beauty. The first few years that ​"Valentine passed in France, were spent in the midst of festivals, and all kinds of amusements. Although her husband was unfaithful to her, he surrounded her with all splendour and luxury suited to her rank and station. She occupied herself principally in taking care of her children, and in literary pursuits, for which she, as well as her husband, had a decided taste.
The insanity of her brother-in-law, Charles the Sixth, affected Valentine deeply, and she exerted herself to the utmost to calm his paroxysms, and console him for the negligence of his wife. Charles, in his turn, became very much attached to her; he called her his well-beloved sister, went every day to see her, and in the midst of his ravings could always be controlled by her. Her power over the unhappy monarch seemed to the ignorant populace so supernatural, that she was accused of using sorcery, and, to prevent disagreeable consequences, her husband sent her, in 1396, to the duchy of Orleans.
This exile, so painful to Valentine, terminated in 1398, when she was recalled to Paris; after this time she lived principally at Blois, superintending the education of her sons, till the death of Louis d'Orleans, who was assassinated by the Duke of Burgundy, in 1407. Unable to avenge his death, she died of a broken heart, in 1408, aged thirty-eight, recommending to her children, and to John, Count of Dunois, the natural son of her husband, the vindication of their father's reputation and glory.
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Valeria

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VALERIA,
Daughter of the Emperor Dioclesian, who had abdicated the throne in 305, was married to Galerius, on his being created Caesar, about 292. Galerius became Emperor of Rome in 305, and died in 311. He recommended Valeria, and his natural son Candidien, whom he had caused Valeria to adopt, as he had no other, to Licinius, his friend, whom he had raised to be emperor. Valeria was rich and beautiful, and Licinius wished to marry her; but Valeria, to avoid this, fled from the court of Licinius, with her mother Prisca and Candidien, and took refuge with Maximin, one of the other emperors. He had already a wife and children, and as the adopted son of Galerius, had been accustomed to regard Valeria as his mother. But her beauty and wealth tempted him, and he offered to divorce his present wife if she would take her place. Valeria replied, "That still wearing the garb of mourning, she could not think of marriage, that Maximin should remember his father, the husband of Valeria, whose ashes were not yet cold; that he could not commit a greater injustice than to divorce a wife by whom he was beloved; and that she could not flatter herself with better treatment; in fine, that it would be an unprecedented thing for a woman of her rank to engage in a second marriage."
This reply roused Maximin's fury. He proscribed Valeria, seized upon her possessions, tortured some of her officers to death, and took the rest away from her, banished her and her mother, and caused several ladies of the court, friends of theirs, to be executed on a false accusation of adultery. Valeria, exiled to the deserts of Syria, found means to inform Dioclesian of her misery; and he sent to Maximin, desiring the surrender of his daughter, but in vain: the unhappy father died of grief. At length Prisca and Valeria ​went disguised to Nicomedia, where Licinias was, and mingled unknown among the domestics of Candidien. Licinius soon became jealous of him, and had him assassinated at the age of sixteen. Valeria and Prisca again fled, and for fifteen months wandered in disguise through different provinces. At length they were discovered and arrested in Thessalonica, in 815, and were condemned to death by Licinius, for no other crime than their rank and chastity. They were beheaded, amidst the tears of the people, and their bodies were thrown into the sea. Some authors assert that they were Christians.
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Ugalde, Delphine

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UGALDE, DELPHINE,
Is a native of Larne, In the Valley of Montmorenci, near Paris, the date of her birth being 1829; her father De Beauce, is, or was, a music seller, and her mother was the daughter of De Porro, a musical composer and teacher. She first came into notice in 1840 at one of the sacred concerts got up by a distinguished amateur, the Prince of Moscow, son of Marshal Ney. Her voice at that time was a pure contralto, and she sung the compositions of Marcello and Handel with great effect. In 1846, she married Senor Uvalde, and went to Madrid, where she sung in the court concerts with great success. Assured by practice that her voice possessed every quality that could be desired for the execution of the most complex fioriture, she accepted in 1848 an engagement to perform at the Opera Comique in Paris, where she made her débût in Auber's "Domino Noir." In this, as in several other characters subsequently performed, she enchanted the Parisians, and created a prodigious furore. In 1851, she was in England as prima donna of Her Majesty's Theatre, and obtained an unanimous verdict of our musical critics in her favour. She is described as "rather under the middle height, easy and graceful in her deportment, and intelligent and energetic in her acting, with a face full of varied expression."
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Valliere, Louise Francoise, Duchesse de la

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VALLIERE, LOUISE FRANCOISE, DUCHESSE DE LA,
A French lady of an ancient family, and maid of honour to Henrietta of England, wife of the Duke of Orleans, became the mistress of Louis the Fourteenth of France, by whom she had a son and a daughter. She is thus described by contemporary writers. "She was a most lovely woman; the lucid whiteness of her skin, the roses on her cheeks, her languishing blue eyes, and her fine silver-coloured hair were altogether captivating." To her Choisy applies the following line:
"And grace still more charming than beauty."
"That La Vallière," says Anguetil, in his Memoirs, "who was so engaging, so winning, so tender, and so much ashamed of her tenderness; who would have loved Louis for his own sake had he been but a private-man; and who sacrificed to her affection for him her honour and conscientious scruples, with bitter regret." In a fit of mingled repentance and jealousy, she one day left the court, and retired to a convent at St. Cloud. The king, when informed of this, seized the first horse that came to hand, and rode hastily after her. He at length prevailed over her pious resolutions, and carried her back in triumph. "Adieu, sister," said she to the nun who opened the gate for her; "you shall soon see me again." From that time La Vallière, shunning the public gaze, lived in retirement; and consequently the king mingled but little with the circles of the court. In 1666, however, in obedience to her lover, and from tenderness to her children, she ventured once more to appear in public, and accepted the title and honours of Duchess.
Some time after, the beauty, wit, and vivacity of Madame de Montespan acquired for her such an ascendency over the fickle monarch, that La Vallière was again driven by her jealousy to the convent; and she was again induced by the tears and entreaties of Louis to return. But, being convinced that his affections were irretrievably lost, she resolved finally to carry out her purpose, and took the vows in the presence of the whole court, under the name of sister Louise, of the order of Mercy, June 4th., 1675. She survived this sacrifice for thirty-six years, devoted to the performance of the austerities of a conventual life. It was proposed to elevate her to those dignities consistent with her retirement, but she declined, saying, "Alas! after having shown myself incapable to regulate my own conduct, shall I presume to direct that of others?"
Madame de Montespan went sometimes to see her. "Are you really as happy," asked she, at one time, "as people say?"
"I am not happy," replied the gentle Carmelite, "but content." ​Her daughter, Mademoiselle de Blois, was married to the Prince of Conti; her son, Louis of Bourbon, Count of Vermandois, died at the siege of Courtrai, in 1683. "Alas, my God!" said La Vallière, when informed of her misfortune, "must I weep for his death, before my tears have expiated his birth?" She died in 1710, at the age of sixty-six.
She was much beloved for her meekness, gentleness, and beneficence. She is considered the author of "Réflexions sur la Miséricorde de Dieu."
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Tymicha

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TYMICHA,
A Lacedæmonian lady, consort of Myllias, a native of Crotona. Jamblichus, in his life of Pythagoras, places her at the head of his list, as the most celebrated female philosopher of the Pythagorean school. When Tymicha and her husband were carried as prisoners before Dionysius, the tyrant of Syracuse, B. C. 330, he made them both very advantageous offers, if they would reveal the mysteries of Pythagorean science; but they rejected them all with scorn and ​detestation. The tyrant not succeeding with the husband, took the wife apart, not doubting, from her situation at the time, that the threat of torture would make her divulge the secret; bat she instantly bit off her tongue, and spat it in the tyrant's face, to show him that no pain could make her violate her pledge of secrecy.
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Twierlein, Aderkeid von

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TWIERLEIN, ADERKEID VON,
A German poetess, (her maiden name was Stolterforth,) was bom at Eisenach, September 12th., 1800. She was made a royal Bavarian Canoness in a convent on the Rhine, and became afterwards the wife of the privy councillor Baron von Twierlein. She resides at present at Geissenheim, in the Rbeingau. The characteristics of her poetic writings are tender and lowly feelings and great thoughtfulness, combined with a very elegant diction. Among the best of her productions we may count "Stolzenfels," (Castle Proudrock) and the epic "Alfred, King of the Anglo-Saxons."
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Ulrica, Eleonora

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ULRICA, ELEONORA,
Second daughter of Charles the Eleventh of Sweden, was born in 1688, and governed the kingdom during the absence of her brother, Charles the Twelfth; after his death she was proclaimed queen in 1719. The following year she resigned the crown to her husband, Frederic of Hesse-Cassel, with whom she shared the honours of royalty; but such was the ascendancy of the nobles, that they obliged their sovereigns to acknowledge their right to the throne as the unbiassed election of the people. Ulrica, by a wise administration, contributed to restore peace and prosperity to the nation, and was greatly beloved and respected. She died in 1741. Her mother, the wife of Charles the Eleventh, also bore the name of Ulrica, and died in consequence of the chagrin which her husband's brutal treatment had occasioned.
# A Chinese and English vocabulary, in the Tie-chiu dialect/Pok
### Pok.
#### 僕$^{-4}$

    A servant; slave; to follow; comply.