OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# American Medical Biographies/Angell, Anna A.

​Angell, Anna A. (1844–1906)
Born in New Jersey February 13, 1844, she graduated from the New York Infirmary School in 1871 and soon after became a resident physician at Mt. Sinai Hospital, at the instance of several members of the medical staff. This was the first general hospital in the country to confer a regular hospital appointment on a woman. She served three years very acceptably.
In conjunction with Dr. Mary Putnam Jacobi, she founded a dispensary at Mt. Sinai Hospital, which has since had women on the staff.
Upon leaving Mt. Sinai she studied in Europe for a couple of years and returning took up work in the tenement house districts.
In January, 1877, she became resident physician of the New York Infant Asylum. There during her three years of service the death rate among the children was materially lowered. Soon after leaving the Infant Asylum ill health forced Dr. Angell to retire from practice, to her a blow and disappointment not light to bear, but her many years of invalidism were endured with a fortitude only born of a strong character. She died June 8, 1906.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Feder

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Feder. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Feder, feminine, ‘feather, pen, plume, spring, flaw (in jewels),’ from the equivalent Middle High German vëder, vëdere, Old High German fëdara, feminine; the term common to Teutonic for ‘feather’; compare Old Saxon fëthara, Anglo-Saxon fëþer, feminine, ‘feather, wing,’ English feather, Old Icelandic fjǫþr, feminine, Gothic *fiþra, feminine, akin to the collective noun Gefieder (see Fittich). Gothic *fiþra, from pre-Teutonic pétrâ, feminine, has in the allied Aryan languages some correspondences which prove the existence of an Aryan root pet, ‘to fly’; compare the Sanscrit root pat, ‘to fly,’ pátatra, neuter, ‘wing,’ patará, adjective, ‘flying,’ çatápatra, ‘having a hundred wings or feathers,’ Greek πέτομαι, ‘to fly,’ πτερόν (for *πετερόν), ‘wing,’ πτίλον (for *πετίλον), ‘feather’; it is less certain whether Latin penna, ‘feather’ (for *petsna?), is allied. See Fittich. —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Fegefeuer

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Fegefeuer. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Fegefeuer, neuter, ‘purgatory,’ from Middle High German vëgeviur, neuter, ‘purgatory,’ from Middle High German vëgen, ‘to purify’; formed on the model of Middle Latin purgatorium.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Fasnacht

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Fasnacht. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Fasnacht, see Fastnacht.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Faust

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Faust. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Faust, feminine, ‘fist,’ from the equivalent Middle High German and Middle Low German vûst. Old High German fûst, feminine; corresponds to Anglo-Saxon fŷst, English fist, Dutch vuist. This term, common to West Teutonic, is unknown to Old Icelandic; in Gothic it may have been *fûsti- or *fûhsti-, feminine. The possible loss of a h before st is supported by the connection with Greek πύξ, ‘with the fist,’ πύγμαχος, ‘boxer,’ πυγμή, ‘fist, boxing,’ Latin pugnus, ‘fist,’ pŭgil, ‘boxer,’ perhaps also pugio, ‘dagger’ (literally ‘fist weapon’), and further pugna, pugnare, &c. The comparison of Faust with Old Slovenian pęstĭ, feminine, ‘fist,’ is less trustworthy; this is possible only if the assumed Gothic *fûhsti is further derived from fuñhsti-, pre-Teutonic pnkstí-; in that case, however, the Greek and Latin terms cited would have no connection with the word.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Federlesen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Federlesen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Federlesen, neuter, literally ‘picking of the feather from a person's dress’ as a mark of servile flattery; found even in Middle High German —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Faxe

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Faxe. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Faxe, plural, ‘fooleries, tricks,’ Modern High German only; of obscure origin.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Faß

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Faß. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Faß, neuter, ‘vessel, cask, vat,’ from Middle High German vaȥ, Old High German faȥ(ȥȥ), neuter, ‘cask, vessel, chest’; corresponds to Middle Low German and Dutch vat, Anglo-Saxon fœt, ‘vessel, receptacle, chest’ (English vat), Old Icelandic fat, ‘cask.’ The primary signification of those cognates (pre-Teutonic podo-) may have been ‘receptacle,’ and since Fessel is an allied word, we have to postulate the meaning ‘to hold together’ for the Teutonic root fat. Lithuanian pũdas, ‘pot, vessel,’ would be in Gothic *fôta- instead of *fata-. Modern High German Gefäß is not an immediate derivative of Faß, because it assumes a Gothic *gafêti, neuter, See fassen, Fetzen, Fitze.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Fastnacht

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Fastnacht. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Fastnacht, feminine, ‘Shrove Tuesday,’ from Middle High German vasenaht, ‘eve of the first day of Lent.’ According to the Old Teutonic computation of time (compare Abend) the evening and night were counted as part of the following day (thus in Anglo-Saxon frîgeœ̂fen, ‘Thursday evening,’ frîgeniht, ‘Thursday night’). The meaning given above did not belong to the word originally. The first part of the compound is an old verb faseln, ‘to play the fool’; the form Fastnacht may have been introduced by the priests.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Federspiel

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Federspiel. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Federspiel, neuter, ‘lure,’ from Middle High German vëderspil, neuter, ‘a bird trained for hawking, falcon, sparrow-hawk, hawk.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Fee

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Fee. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Fee, Fei, feminine, ‘fairy,’ from the equivalent Middle High German fei, feie, feminine; borrowed from an Old French dialect (Burgundian), feie, Modern French fée (Italian and Romance, fata, literally ‘goddess of destiny,’ from Latin fatum), whence also English fay and fairy.
# American Medical Biographies/Potter, Nathaniel

​Potter, Nathaniel (1770–1843)
Author and teacher, Nathaniel Potter, founder of the University of Maryland and for thirty-six years professor of medicine there, was born at Easton, Talbot County, Maryland, in 1770; his ancestors came from Rhode Island, and his father, Dr. Zabdiel Potter, served as surgeon in the Revolutionary Army. He was educated at a college in New Jersey and studied medicine under Dr. Benjamin Rush, of Philadelphia. He graduated M. D. at the University of Pennsylvania in 1796, his thesis being "On the Medicinal and Deleterious Effects of Arsenic." In 1797 ​he settled in practice in Baltimore and continued in active professional work until his last illness. On the organization of the College of Medicine of Maryland (later the University of Maryland), December 28, 1807, he became professor of principles and practice of medicine and continued in the occupancy of this chair until he died. The other positions which he held were: Dean of the College of Medicine, 1812, 1814; president, Baltimore Medical Society 1812; president Medical Society of Maryland, 1817; one of the editors of Maryland Medical and Surgical Journal, 1840–1843. Among his more important writings were: "An Account of the Rise and Progress of the University of Maryland," 1838; "Memoir on Contagion," 1818; "On the Locusta Septentrionalis," 1839; American editions of Armstrong on "Typhus Fever," 1821, and (with S. Calhoun) "Gregory's Practice," two volumes, 1826 and 1829 (two editions).
Professor Potter was of medium height, full figure and ruddy complexion. There is an oil painting of him at the University of Maryland, pronounced a faithful likeness. He was an implicit believer in the resources of medicine; and relied especially upon calomel and the lancet, carrying the use of both far beyond what would be considered allowable at this day. He did not believe in the vis medicatrix natura, and is said to have told his pupils that if nature came in the door he would pitch her out of the window. Potter was a man of wonderful skill in diagnosis and of national fame. He showed his courage by making himself the subject of experiments with the secretions of yellow fever patients, thus establishing the non-contagiousness of that disease. In this he combated the view of Rush. His later years were embittered by pecuniary embarrassment and the expenses of his burial were borne by his professional friends. He died suddenly, during a fit of coughing, January 2, 1843, in his seventy-third year. His remains repose in Greenmount Cemetery, unmarked by stone or device.
He married twice, but his family is now extinct.
# American Medical Biographies/Potter, Frank Hamilton

​Potter, Frank Hamilton (1860–1891)
Frank Hamilton Potter was the only son and eldest child of Dr. William Warren Potter (q. v.), and was born in Cowlesville, Wyoming County, New York, January 8, 1860. Descended from a long line of American physicians, he early directed his attention to medicine and graduated at the Buffalo Medical College in the class of 1882. Prior to his graduation, he served in the Rochester City Hospital for two years. After receiving his degree he settled in Buffalo, and, on the organization of the Medical Department of Niagara University in 1883, was appointed clinical assistant in surgery. He subsequently held the lectureship of descriptive anatomy, in 1884; demonstrator in surgery, and lecturer on botany in 1884–85; lecturer on materia medica from 1885 to 1888, and lecturer on laryngology from 1888 to May, 1891. In recognition of his active efforts and conspicuous ability, the Niagara University conferred upon him, in 1885, the ad eundem degree of M. D. At the close of the session of 1891, he severed his connection with the school with which from its organization he had labored successfully, and accepted the position of clinical professor of laryngology in the Buffalo University Medical College.
At one time he was a member of the surgical staff of the Sisters of Charity and Emergency Hospitals. He was a member of the Buffalo Medical and Surgical Association; and the Medical Society of the State of New* York.
He was a frequent contributor to the medical and literary societies of which he was member, and had clearness of expression as well as beauty of style and diction.
Among the instruments he devised may be mentioned nasal scissors, mechanical nasal saw, self-retaining nasal speculum.
In 1887, after returning from Europe, whither he went for study and travel, he married Eva, daughter of Lars G. Sellstedt. the famous artist, and had two sons. The widow and three children survived him.
# American Medical Biographies/Potter, Hazard Arnold

​Potter, Hazard Arnold (1810–1869)
Hazard Arnold Potter was one of our bold original pioneer surgeons who lived in New York state about the middle of the last century. He was born in Potter township, Ontario (now Yates) County, New York, December 22, 1810, and died in Geneva, New York, December 3, 1869.
He graduated in medicine at Bowdoin in 1835 and began practice in Rhode Island, but soon returned to his native town, where he practised from 1835 to 1853. He settled in Geneva in the latter year and passed the rest of his life in that town.
In 1837 he called attention to the presence of arterial blood in the veins of parts paralyzed by injury to the spinal cord; he trephined the spine for depressed fracture of the arches of the fifth and sixth vertebrae, in 1844, and did the same operation four times subsequently, twice with success. He ligated the carotid artery five times, with success four times; he removed the upper jaw six times and the lower five times. He advocated abdominal operations and did a gastrotomy in 1843 to relieve intussusception, with success. He operated upon fibroid tumors through the abdomen five times, with three successes; and did twenty-two ovariotomies, fourteen being successful, one of these was what was known as a double ovariotomy at that time. Again he did a second operation on a patient within seventeen months. He was regimental surgeon of the 59th New York Volunteers in 1862.
He had the reputation of being a clever and capable surgeon, very profane, and a ​fairly hard drinker. He had two daughters and two sons, and is remembered by his townsmen as being a one-legged man.
# American Medical Biographies/Potter, Samuel Otway Lewis

​Potter, Samuel Otway Lewis (1846–1914)
S. O. L. Potter, of San Francisco, produced quiz-compends of anatomy and materia medica that were of great use to a generation of medical students. The son of the Rev. Samuel George and Elizabeth Magill Potter, he was born in Cushendum, County Antrim, Ireland, September 18, 1846. He had a private education in England, beginning the study of medicine at the age of fourteen, and coming to America at seventeen to serve in the United States Army, first in the volunteers, and later, after the Civil War, in the regular army. From 1872 to 1882 he was in the engineer department of the army. In 1878 he graduated from the Homeopathic Medical College of Missouri, St. Louis; he got an A. M. from the University of Chicago two years later, and in 1882 graduated in medicine from the Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia. After a year as assistant surgeon, U. S. Army, settling in San Francisco, Dr. Potter became professor of the practice of medicine in Cooper Medical College, filling the chair from 1886 to 1893. From 1898 to 1902 he was major and brigade surgeon, U. S. V., with service in the Philippines. At one time he was president of the College of Physicians and Surgeons, San Francisco. In the year 1891 he became a member of the Royal College of Physicians, London.
Some of his writings are: The Quiz Compends, already referred to, the seventh edition being published in 1905; "Analytical and Topical Index to Reports of Chief of Engineers, 1866 to 1879," 1880; "Index of Comparative Therapeutics," 1879; "Handbook of Materia Medica, Pharmacy and Therapeutics," 10th ed., 1905; "Speech and Its Defects," 1882.
He died in St. Luke's Hospital, San Francisco, April 21, 1914.
# An African Millionaire

An episodic crime novel of a millionaire targeted by a con artist and master of disguise
Bell's Indian and Colonial Library
AN AFRICAN MILLIONAIRE
EPISODES IN THE LIFE OF THE ILLUSTRIOUS COLONEL CLAY
BY Grant Allen Author of 'A Splendid Sin,' Etc. Etc.
London George Bell & Sons And Bombay 1897
CONTENTS
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Latwerge

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Latwerge. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Latwerge, ‘electuary, confection,’ from the equivalent Middle High German latwërge, laiwêrje, latwârje, feminine; the t as in Lattich represents ct (assimilated tt); lactuárium has a in the unaccented first syllable for e, as in Lafritze. This foreign term is based on the equivalent Middle Latin electuarium, which sometimes in Middle High German preserves its primary form, electuârje, lectquerje. The Middle Latin word, which originated in Greek ἐκλεικτόν, ἔκλειγμα, ‘medicine that dissolves in the mouth,’ belongs to the medical art of the Middle Ages, which was learned from the Greeks (compare also Lafrige, Büchse, Arzt, &c.), and was introduced into German through a Romance medium — Italian lattovaro, French électuaire (whence English electuary).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Laube

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Laube. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Laube, feminine, ‘arbour, bower,’ from Middle High German loube (löube), feminine, ‘porch, market, court of justice, gallery round the upper storey of a house,’ Old High German louba (louppea), feminine, ‘penthouse, hall, front building’ (the mutated läube is met with in Middle German dialects; compare Low German löve). The Old Icelandic lopt, ‘upper storey, balcony’ (whence English loft), is probably connected with this word. The Modern High German meaning, ‘arbour,’ wanting in Middle High German and Old High German, is due to the term being popularly connected with Laub. The Old High German word passed in the form of Middle Latin into Romance (Italian loggia, French loge, ‘hut, tent, tier of boxes’).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Lauge

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Lauge. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Lauge, feminine, ‘lye,’ from the equivalent Middle High German louge, Old High German louga, feminine; corresponding to Middle Low German lôge, Dutch loog, Anglo-Saxon leáh, and the equivalent English lye. In Old Icelandic laug, feminine, means ‘warm bath’ (preserved in Modern Icelandic in numerous proper names, and signifying ‘hot spring’). Perhaps this Teutonic word for ‘warm bath’ is connected with the Aryan root, low, lu, ‘to bathe’ (compare Latin lavâre), like the equivalent Swedish lut, of which an extended Aryan luk, equivalent to Teutonic luh, ‘to wash,’ may appear in Old High German luhhen, ‘to wash,’ Suabian lichen, North Franconian and Henneberg lüen, ‘to rinse washed linen.’ The High German word occurs in the Slavonic languages as lug, ‘lye.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Laub

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Laub. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Laub, neuter, ‘foliage,’ from the equivalent Middle High German loup(b), Old High German loub, masculine and neuter; a primitive and common Teutonic term; compare Gothic laufs (plural laubôs), masculine, Anglo-Saxon leáf, neuter, English leaf, Dutch loof. Some connect the word with Lithuanian lápas, ‘leaf,’ which, however, compared with the diphthong of the Teutonic word has an abnormal a (compare Haupt with Latin caput); Greek λέπος, ‘scale, rind,’ is even less akin.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Lauch

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Lauch. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Lauch, masculine, ‘leek, garlic,’ from. the equivalent Middle High German louch, Old High German louh(hh), masculine; compare the corresponding Old Icelandic laukr, Dutch look, Anglo-Saxon leác, English leek, with which lic in garlic is connected; a primitive and common Teutonic word, which was adopted in Finnish as laukka and in Old Slovenian as lukŭ. Like most of the old names of plants and animals, it is of obscure origin. Greek λύγος, ‘a pliant rod or twig for wicker-work, willow-like tree,’ cannot be allied on account of its meaning. Perhaps Old Irish luss, ‘herb, plant’ (from *luksu-), is a cognate.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Laus

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Laus. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Laus, feminine, ‘louse,’ from the equivalent Middle High German, Middle Low German, and Old High German lûs, feminine; corresponding to Anglo-Saxon lûs, English louse, Scandinavian lús (plural lýss), Dutch luis, ‘louse.’ The word is common to Teutonic, occurring evelywhere in the same sense. The usual derivation of Laus from the stem of verlieren, Ver-lus-t, lose, löse (root lus), although supported by the analogy of Greek φθείρ, ‘louse,’ from φθείρω, is dubious, since Middle High German verliesen (properly ‘to lose’) does not occur at an early period in the sense of ‘to spoil.’ Neither is the derivation from the Teutonic root lū̆t, ‘to hide oneself’ (Old High German lûȥȥên, see lauschen), certain.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Lattich

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Lattich. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Lattich, masculine, ‘lettuce,’ from the equivalent ​Middle High German lattech, latech, lateche, Old High German lattuh (latohha), borrowed in the Old High German period from Latin lactū̆ca through the intermediate forms lattū̆ca, láttuca; compare Anglo-Saxon leahtric, ‘lactuca’ (compare Attich from Latin acte). — In Huflattich, ‘colt’s foot,’ Lattich represents Latin lapatium (Middle High German huoflęteche, Old High German huoflętihha), or more correctly Middle Latin lapatica (intermediate forms lápatica, láptica, lattica).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Lauer

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Lauer. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Lauer, masculine, ‘tart wine.’ “It is derived from Latin lôra, which denotes the tart wine that is made from the skins and stones of grapes by pouring water on them” (Lessing). Even in Old High German lûra, Middle High German lûre, feminine (Old High German lûrra, Middle High German liure, from the primary form *lôrea, appears in the equivalent Suabian leier; to this Swiss glöri from Old High German glûrra is allied?). As to the period of the introduction of Italian vine-culture into Germany, compare Wein, Winzer, Keller, Kelch, and Most. Latin lôrea is also indicated by Italian loja, ‘dirt.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Latz

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Latz. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Latz, masculine, ‘stomacher, bodice,’ first occurs in early Modern High German from Romance (French lacet, masculine, ‘lace, stay-lace,’ whence English lace; Italian laccio, ‘cord’; the primary word is Latin laqueus, ‘noose, snare’).