OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Acton, John

​ACTON, JOHN (d. 1350), writer on the canon law, is stated by Leland to have been educated at Oxford, and to have taken there the degree of LL.D. In 1329 he was ‘provided’ by the pope to a canonry and a prebend in Lincoln Cathedral, but some years appear to have elapsed before he actually obtained these preferments. In 1343 he is found holding the prebend of Welton Ryval (Le Neve, Fasti, ii. 233). In his books he is described as canon of Lincoln. He died in 1350. His name is variously spelt Achedune, De Athona, Athone, Aton, and Eaton.
Acton's chief work was a commentary on the ecclesiastical ‘constitutions’ of Otho and Ottobone, papal legates in England in the thirteenth century . These ‘constitutions’ formed for many years the English canon law, and Acton's full and learned notes were held by the lawyers of his own time to be invaluable in their interpretations. Very many manuscript copies of Acton's commentary are in the college libraries at Oxford. One is in the Cambridge University Library, and another among the Lansdowne MSS. at the British Museum. Acton's work was printed for the first time in 1496 by Wynkyn de Worde in William Lyndewood's ‘Provinciale.’ Sir Henry Spelman made use of Acton's commentary in his ‘Concilia.’ Many of his notes are translated in Johnson's ‘Collection of Ecclesiastical Laws,’ 1720, and are referred to in ‘Otho's Ecclesiastical Laws,’ translated by J. W. White in 1844. In the library of All Souls College is a manuscript entitled ‘Quæstiones et notabilia Johannis Athonis (Actoni) supra dictas constitutiones’ [i.e. Ottonis et Ottoboni], which appears to be an epitome of Acton's larger work. Another manuscript, entitled ‘Summa Justitiæ,’ attributed to Acton, is in Corpus Christi Library at Cambridge. Pits gives the name of a few other legal books ascribed to Acton, but nothing is now ascertainable of them.
S. L. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Acton, Eliza

​ACTON, ELIZA (1799–1859), authoress, daughter of John Acton, brewer, of Hastings, afterwards of Ipswich, Suffolk, was born at Battle, Sussex, 17 April, 1799. She was of delicate health in her youth, and was taken abroad. Whilst in Paris, she became engaged to be married to an officer in the French army; but this marriage did not take place, and she returned to England, where she published, by subscription, a volume of poems, at Ipswich, in 1826. A second edition, again of 500 copies and by subscription, was published in 1827. In 1835 Miss Acton contributed a poem, ‘The Two Portraits,’ anonymously, to the ‘Sudbury Pocket Book.’ In 1836, in the same annual, she published ‘Original Poetry by Miss Acton, author of the “Two Portraits.”’ In 1837 she was living at Bordyke House, Tunbridge; and on the arrival of Queen Adelaide in that town shortly after the death of William IV, Miss Acton presented the queen with some verses commemorating her devoted attendance on her husband during his last illness. In 1838 she published the ‘Chronicles of Castel-Framlingham’ in ‘Fulcher's Sudbury Journal.’ In 1842 she published another poem, ‘The Voice of the North,’ a welcome to Queen Victoria on her first Scotch visit. In 1845, after further fugitive poems, Miss Acton had completed the popular work, ‘Modern Cookery,’ with which she is chiefly associated; a second and a third edition of it were called for the same year; a fourth and fifth in 1846; with numerous editions in successive years. In May 1857 she brought out her last work, ‘The English Bread-Book,’ treating of the various ways of making bread, and of the constituent parts of various bread-stuffs. ​At this date Eliza Acton was living at Snowdon House, John Street, Hampstead, and there, after much illness, she died in February 1859.
J. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Acton, Henry

​ACTON, HENRY (1797–1843), unitarian divine, was born at Lewes, Sussex, 10 March 1797, where his father was parish clerk at St. John's. He was apprenticed in his sixteenth year to Mr. J. Baxter, a Lewes printer, and became a member of a literary society in the town, where his papers were much admired. The two unitarian congregations of Southover and Ditchling agreed to give him 50l. a year jointly (a grant of 10l. being added from the Unitarian Fund) for serving their chapels on alternate Sundays with a fellow-apprentice, William Browne; and his indentures with Mr. Baxter, the printer, being set aside by arrangement, he placed himself as a student, in 1818, under Dr. Morell, the Brighton minister, then head of his flourishing academy at Hove. Acton studied Greek, Latin, and mathematics at Hove, and walked to one or other of his small congregations on Sundays, returning, on foot, the same day. He became minister at Walthamstow in February 1821, and in 1823 co-pastor with the Rev. James Manning at the more important unitarian church known as George's Meeting, Exeter. There he married, became second master of a proprietary classical school at Mount Radford in the neighbourhood, and made himself prominent as an untiring worker till his death, from apoplexy, on 16 Aug. 1843, in his forty-sixth year. He published many sermons, pamphlets, lectures, and statements, of which a full list is given in James's ‘Memoir’ (p. xcvii). They were delivered by him at various intervals from 1823, some in controversy with Phillpotts, Bishop of Exeter. Acton also established and edited ‘The Gospel Advocate,’ of which four volumes appeared. He was an effective preacher, and had overcome the disadvantages of his defective education. He left a widow and six children.
J. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Acton, Ralph

​ACTON, RALPH (14th cent.), an English theologian and philosopher, is assigned by Leland and his followers to the first half of the fourteenth century. Of the details of his life nothing definite is known, for the sketch given by Bale and Pits is so vague as to suggest that it is chiefly made up of inferences. According to these writers Ralph received his early education in country schools, whence in due time he proceeded to Oxford. After taking his master's degree in philosophy and theology ​at this university he was appointed head of a famous church (‘rector cujusdam insignis ecclesiæ’), and henceforward devoted himself in the retirement of his parish to the study of the Scriptures and the care of his flock.
His writings consist of ‘Homiliæ in quatuor Evangelia,’ ‘Commentarii in Epistolas Paulinas,’ ‘Illustrationes in Petrum Langobardum,’ and other works of a similar kind. Two manuscripts of this author are still preserved in the library of Lincoln College, Oxford—the one written in an early fifteenth-century hand; the other the gift of Robert Flemming, a near kinsman of Richard Flemming, the founder of this college (1427). We thus get a date later than which our author cannot have flourished; and Leland, Bale, and Pits conjecturally assign him to the reign of Edward II (1320). Other manuscripts of Acton's works are said by Tanner to be in the Bodleian library and that of Peterhouse, Cambridge.
T. A. A.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Adair, James Makittrick

​ADAIR, JAMES MAKITTRICK (1728–1802), originally named James Makittrick, was a native of Inverness, and took the degree of M.D. at Edinburgh in 1766. He practised before and after that date at Antigua, and one of his works, with the title of ‘Unanswerable Arguments against the Abolition of the Slave Trade,’ was in vindication of the manners of its residents. His medical writings enjoyed a considerable reputation on the Continent; his degree thesis on the yellow fever of the West Indies was reprinted in Baldinger's collection of medical treatises (Göttingen, 1776), and his ‘Natural History of Body and Mind’ was also translated abroad. After returning from Antigua he followed his profession at Andover, Guildford, and Bath, and wrote, for the benefit of those resorting to the latter place, a volume of medical cautions for invalids. Wherever he went he provoked animosity. At one time he was in Winchester gaol for sending a challenge to a duel; at another period he was engaged in controversy with Dr. Freeman and Philip Thicknesse. Thicknesse published an angry letter to him in 1787, and Adair replied with an abusive dedication to a volume of essays on fashionable diseases. When Thicknesse wrote his ‘Memoirs and Anecdotes,’ his opponent replied with a list of ‘Facts and Anecdotes’ which he pretended that Thicknesse had omitted. He assumed the name of Adair about 1783; it was probably his mother's maiden name, but Thicknesse asserted that it was stolen from a physician at Spa. His death occurred at Harrogate, 24 April 1802.
W. P. C.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Cautley, Sir Proby Thomas

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​CAUTLEY, SIR PROBY THOMAS (1802–1871)
Colonel : son of the Rev. Thomas Cautley : born Jan. 3, 1802 : educated at Charterhouse and Addiscombe : entered the Bengal Artillery, 1819 : was assistant to Colonel Robert Smith in reconstructing the old irrigation channel of the Doab Canal from 1824–30, but was at the siege of Bhartpur in 1826 : held charge of the above canal, 1831–43 : framed the project of the Ganges Canal, sanctioned by the Court of Directors in 1841, and constructed between 1843 and 1854. He left India in 1854, Lord Dalhousie ordering a salute to be fired in his honour : and his bust was placed in the Calcutta Town Hall : K.C.B. : from 1858–68, Member of the Council of India. He had a controversy with Sir Arthur Cotton (q.v.) on the engineering of the Ganges Canal, in which further work and improvement were found to be required. He explored largely in the Sivalik range of hills in India, and acquired many fossils of scientific value, which he presented to the British Museum : contributed many papers to the Asiatic Society of Bengal and to the Geological Society, chiefly on fossils : died Jan. 25, 1871.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Carrington, Sir Codrington Edmund

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​CARRINGTON, SIR CODRINGTON EDMUND (1769–1849)
Born Oct. 22, 1769 : son of Codrington Carrington : educated at Winchester : called to the bar by the Middle Temple, 1792 : Bencher, 1832 : practised as an advocate at the Calcutta bar, 1792–9, being junior Counsel to the E.I. Co. : was an ​intimate friend of Sir William Jones (q.v.) : when in England, he made a code of law for Ceylon : was appointed Chief Justice there and knighted, 1801 : retired in 1806 from ill-health. M.P. for St. Mawes, 1826–31 : was D.C.L. 1810 : F.R.S., J.P. and F.S.A. : died Nov. 28, 1849.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Cassels, Walter Richard

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​CASSELS, WALTER RICHARD (1826–)
Son of Robert Cassels : educated privately and abroad : spent some years in Italy, and in 1856 joined the mercantile firm of Peel, Cassels & Co. in Bombay : was a Fellow of the Bombay University : a Member of the Legislative Council, Bombay, 1863 : left India in 1865 and devoted himself to literature : wrote poems, 1850 and 1856, Cotton in the Bombay Presidency, 1869; Supernatural Religion, 1874–6, and 1879 : The Gospel according to Peter, 1894, etc. etc.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Cartier, John

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​CARTIER, JOHN (1733–1802)
Governor : arrived in India as a writer in E. I. Co.'s service : was a factor and assistant at Dacca, whence he was expelled in 1756 : joined other fugitives at Fulta : served as a volunteer under Clive in retaking Bengal, and was praised by Court of Directors : Chief of Dacca factory, 1761 : Second in Council at Calcutta, 1767 : succeeded H. Verelst as Governor of Bengal, Dec. 26, 1769 : followed, as Governor, by Warren Hastings, April 13, 1772 : eulogized by Edmund Burke for his government of Bengal : died in Kent, Jan. 25, 1802.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Cavaye, William Frederick

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​CAVAYE, WILLIAM FREDERICK (1845–)
Colonel : son of General Cavaye : born 1845 : educated at Edinburgh Academy and Sandhurst : commanded the 2nd Royal Sussex regt. : Military Secretary to H.R.H. the Duke of Con-naught, when C. in C. in Bombay : has since held several Staff appointments : served in the Zulu war, 1879, and in the S. African war, 1900–2.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Cassels, Andrew

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​CASSELS, ANDREW (1812–1886)
Of an old Scotch family, resident at Manchester : he opened in 1843 in Bombay the firm of Peel, Cassels & Co. : returned to England, 1851 : Director of the Manchester Chamber of Commerce, 1861 : Member of the Council of India, 1874–84 : Vice-President, 1875, of the Society of Arts : a great authority on Indian cotton : died Aug. 2, 1886.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Castlereagh, Robert Stewart, Viscount

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​CASTLEREAGH, ROBERT STEWART, VISCOUNT (1769–1822)
Second Marquis of Londonderry (April, 1821–Aug. 1822), better known as Lord Castlereagh : son of the first Marquis : born June 18, 1769 : M.P. for Tregony, 1794–6 : for Oxford, 1796–7, and other places : his career lay in English and European politics, and his only connexion with India was as President of the Board of Control (the India Board), Sep. 9, 1802— Feb. 14, 1806, in the Addington and W. Pitt Administrations : while holding this office, he supported the Governor-General, Lord Wellesley, whom he admired, against the Court of Directors : fought a duel with George Canning, Sep. 22, 1809 : Foreign Secretary, 1812–33 : died by his own hand, Aug. 12, 1822.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Cavagnari, Sir Pierre Louis Napoleon

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​CAVAGNARI, SIR PIERRE LOUIS NAPOLEON (1841–1879)
Lt-Colonel : son of General Adolphe Cavagnari : born July 4, 1841, educated at Christ's Hospital and Addiscombe : was naturalized in 1857 : entered the E. I. Co.'s Army, 1858 : in the Oudh campaign in the mutiny : joined the Staff Corps, 1861, and the Panjab Commission as an Assistant Commissioner : had charge of the Kohat district, 1866 to 1877, and, as Deputy Commissioner of Peshawar, accompanied several frontier expeditions, 1868–78 : C.S.I, in 1877 : he was a member of Sir N. Chamberlain's mission to Shir Ali, in'the autumn of 1878, when it was stopped at Ali Masjid by the Amir's officer. When Yakub Khan had become Amir, on the death of Shir Ali, Major Cavagnari negotiated the treaty of Gandamak with him, May 26, 1879 : K.C.B. He was appointed Resident at Kabul and was residing, from July, 1879, at the Bala Hissar in Kabul, when the Afghan troops rose, attacked his residence, and he and his staff were all killed, Sep. 3, 1879.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Carr, Right Rev. Thomas

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​CARR, RIGHT REV. THOMAS (1788–1859)
Educated at St. John's College, Cambridge : B.A., 1813 : Senior Optime : Bishop of Bombay, 1837–51, when he resigned from ill-health : appointed Rector of Bath, 1854 : universally esteemed there : a member of the Evangelical section of the Establishment : died at Bath, Sep. 5, 1859.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Casement, Sir William

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​CASEMENT, SIR WILLIAM (1780–1844)
Maj-General : appointed to Bengal, 1795 : served in India 47 years and 6 months : in Lord Lake's campaigns, at Alighar, 1803, Deeg, 1804 : D.Q.M.G. in the Nipal war, 1815 : Secretary to the Government of India in the Military Department for 20 years from June, 1818 : Colonel, 23rd N.I., 1824 : K.C.B., 1837 : was Member of the Supreme Council from June 17, 1839 : died of cholera at Cossipur, April 16, 1844 : his bust is in the Town Hall, Calcutta.
# Cordell Hull to Joseph Kennedy (January 13, 1941) 6 p.m.

Source: U.S. National Archives and Records Administration
​ COPY
January 13, 1941.
6 p.m.
NO DISTRIBUTION
AMERICAN EMBASSY
LONDON
In response to the message to the President quoted in your telegram No. 117, January ll, 5 p.m., please convey the following personal reply:
QUOTE I have sent suitable instructions to the Ambassador at Vichy requesting that he make it clear to Marshal Petain that the offer came directly from you and involved more than a suggestion of assistance. In instructing the Ambassador to deliver this message to the Marshal at a suitable opportunity, I told Admiral Leahy that he should in no way give the impression of pressing for any response. ENDQUOTE
HULL
REGRADED UNCLASSIFIED
# Cordell Hull to Franklin D. Roosevelt (December 17, 1940)

* related portals: World War II.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
THE SECRETARY
December 17, 1940
MEMORANDUM FOR THE PRESIDENT
I am sending you this copy of London's telegram No. 4066 in the event you failed to see the one I sent you on December 13.
C.H.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Cordell Hull to Franklin D. Roosevelt (January 17, 1941)

Source: U.S. National Archives and Records Administration
Department of State
THE SECRETARY
January 17, 1941.
MEMORANDUM FOR THE PRESIDENT
With reference to your memorandum of January sixteenth regarding the former Naval Person's message to you of January eleventh, I enclose copies of the despatches which I sent to Vichy and London, in accordance with our conversation.
CH
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Cordell Hull to Franklin D. Roosevelt (July 12, 1940)

* related portals: World War II.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
* DEPARTMENT OF STATE
* WASHINGTON
July 12, 1940
My dear Mr. President:
With reference to your memorandum of July 11, 1940, I am returning herewith Lord Lothian's letter, together with a draft of a reply which you may care to send to him.
Faithfully yours,
Enclosures:
   * From Lord Lothian, July 9, 1940.
   * Draft.
The President,
    The White House.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Cordova v. Grant

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
248 U.S. 413
Cordova v. Grant
Argued: Dec. 18, 1918. --- Decided: Jan 13, 1919
Mr. F. G. Morris, of El Paso, Tex., for plaintiff in error.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 413-416 intentionally omitted]
Messrs. Walter B. Grant, of Boston, Mass., and T. J. Beall, of El Paso, Tex., for defendant in error.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 416-417 intentionally omitted]
Mr. Justice HOLMES delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Cordell Hull to Franklin D. Roosevelt (August 27, 1940)

* related portals: World War II.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
August 27, 1940 Source: U.S. National Archives and Records Administration
​HSM
London
Dated August 27, 1940
Secretary of State,
Washington.
TRIPLE PRIORITY
2912, August 27, 5 p. m. (SECTION TWO)
You will remember that I said some months ago in one of my private cables to you that any such action on our part would be a dastard act and that in the opinion of everyone of us.
If you felt able after our offer had been made to let us have the instrumentalities which have been mentioned or anything else you think proper this could be expressed as an act not in payment or consideration for but in recognition of what we had done for the security of the United States.
Mr. President, this business has become especially urgent in view of the recent menace which Mussolini is showing to Greece. If our business is put through on big lines and in the highest spirit of good will it might even now save that small historic country from invasion and conquest. Even the next forty-eight hours are important."
(END MESSAGE]KENNEDY
RR
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Cordelia's Song

Column : Cordelia's Song (Poem from "The King in Yellow") Vincent Starrett
The moon shines whitely; I shall take
My silk umbrella, lest the moon
Too warmly fall upon the lake
And cause my bridal flowers to swoon.
The sparrow’s sorrow is in vain,
And so does he his bridge forget.
I wed the long grass and the rain,
And seven sailors dripping wet.
And shall not you and shall not I
Keep tryst beside this silent stream,
Who thought that we should rather die
Than wed the peacock’s amber dream?
The moon shines whitely; I shall take
My silk umbrella, lest the moon
Too coldly fall upon the lake
And chill my bridal flowers too soon.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was legally published within the United States (or the United Nations Headquarters in New York subject to Section 7 of the United States Headquarters Agreement) before 1964, and copyright was not renewed.
* For Class A renewal records (books only) published between 1923 and 1963, check the Stanford University Copyright Renewal Database.
* For other renewal records of publications between 1922–1950, see the University of Pennsylvania copyright records.
* For all records since 1978, search the U.S. Copyright Office records.
Works could have had their copyright renewed between January 1st of the 27th year after publication or registration and December 31st of the 28th year. As this work's copyright was not renewed, it entered the public domain on January 1st of the 29th year.
The longest-living author of this work died in 1974, so this work is in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 49 years or less. This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
It is imperative that contributors ascertain that there is no evidence of a copyright renewal before using this license. Failure to do so will result in the deletion of the work as a copyright violation.
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# Diary of One Month in Honolulu/Day 23

Got up early and drove fifteen miles out to the farther side of Koko Crater, where there is a great blow-hole. The waves rush into a cave and the air forms a cushion and sends them spouting through a hole about two feet across. First a fine spray goes up about sixty-five feet, and then the white water follows up about forty feet with a terrible roar, and then falls back on the lava and swashes away into the sea, twenty feet below. You can stand close to it, and look into the hole between waves—but it isn't wise to be too close when the blow comes.
There is a little wee bay there, too, called Launa Bay—all white sand and high, ragged lava walls and clear blue water and tremendous surf. There are great sea-turtles and big, bright-colored fish swimming where we could see them plainly from the rocks.
We took a little frying pan with us, and a quart cup, and built a fire and cooked eggs and bacon and made coffee. It was fun.
# Diary of One Month in Honolulu/Day 2

Took it easy today, just to get our land-legs back again. The only time you feel the revolution of the earth is when you get off of a boat.
Sat on the lanai, as they call the veranda, and watched that purple sea and saw boys half a mile out in the breakers, standing up on boards and coming in. Jack wants to try it.
Went in bathing. Water is warm and yet vital. Jack is going to get a native boy to teach me to swim so that he can wrestle with a surf-board without bothering about me.
Aquarium is close by, so we went there this afternoon. It is marvelous. I think I dreamed those fishes—they can't really be like that!—there aren't any such colors in the world—couldn't be. Those gorgeous pictures of the fish, that we laughed at in San Francisco, because they were so ridiculously impossible, look dull and dusty after seeing the real thing.