OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Wink

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Wink | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Wink, m., ‘sign, wink, nod, hint,’ from the equiv. MidHG. winc (k), OHG. winch, m.; allied to winken, vb., ‘to wink, beckon, nod,’ MidHG. winken, str. vb., OHG. winchan, wk. vb., ‘to move sidewards, totter, nod, wink’; corresponding to AS. wincian, E. to wink. If ‘to totter along, move with a sideward motion,’ is the primary meaning of the Teut. root wink, the Aryan root may be the same as that of weichen (wī̆g, wī̆k). Related to the following word.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Räude

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Räude. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Räude, feminine, from the equivalent Middle High German riude, rûde, feminine, Old High German rûda, feminine, ‘scab, mange, scabies,’ for an earlier *hrûda, since it is allied to Old Icelandic hruðr, masculine, ‘scab of a wound’; compare Dutch ruit, ‘scab, itch.’ —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Römer

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Römer. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Römer, masculine, ‘green, bulging wine-glass; rummer’ (‘Roman glass’?).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Rätsel

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Rätsel. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Rätsel, neuter, ‘riddle, perplexity,’ from the equivalent Middle High German râtsal, rœtsel, neuter, Old High German *râtisal, neuter; compare Old Low German râdisli, Middle Low German rêdelse, Dutch raadsel, Anglo-Saxon rœ̂dels (for *rœ̂desl), masculine, whence the equivalent English riddle, the s of the Anglo-Saxon word being regarded as a sign of the plural. The formation of the substantive from raten corresponds to that of Mühsal from mühen, of Labsal from laben, and of Trübsal from trüben. The notion ‘riddle’ was current among the Teutons from early times; the Gothic term was frisahts; in Old High German we find tuncal, neuter, and râtussa, râtissa, feminine ‘riddle.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Rücken

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Rücken. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Rücken, im., ‘back, rear, ridge,’ from the equivalent Middle High German rücke, Old High German rucki, earlier hrukki, masculine (Gothic *hrugja- is to be assumed); compare the equivalent Old Saxon hruggi, Dutch rug, Anglo-Saxon hrycg, English ridge, Old Icelandic hryggr. Greek ῥάχις, ‘back,’ is not allied, because krakjó- is the Old Aryan form for Rücken. It is more probably related to Old Irish crocen, ‘skin, back,’ and the Sanscrit root kruñc, ‘to bend,’ so Rücken may have been named from its flexibility. See zurück.—
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Rübezahl

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Rübezahl. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Rübezahl, ‘Numbernips, a fabulous spirit of the Riesengebirge,’ is a contraction of Middle High German Ruobezagel, ‘turnip-tail’ (Middle High German zagel is equivalent to English tail, Anglo-Saxon tœgel).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Rückgrat

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Rückgrat. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Rückgrat, ‘spine’; see Grat.—
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Rüde

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Rüde. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Rüde, masculine, ‘hound,’ from Middle High German rüde, masculine, ‘big hound,’ Old High German rudo, hrudeo; Old High German *rutto (compare Modern High German dialectic Rütte) is by chance not recorded, but it may be assumed from the equivalent Anglo-Saxon ryÞÞa, hryþþa, masculine. Their origin is not certain, especially as it cannot be determined whether the initial h of the Anglo-Saxon word is permanent; we have probably to assume Gothic *ruÞja, masculine. Akin to Anglo-Saxon roðhund?.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Rüpel

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Rüpel. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Rüpel, masculine, ‘coarse fellow, lubber,’ properly a Bavarian abbreviation of Ruprecht (hence Rüpel and Rüppel as surnames); for a similar use of proper names compare Metze. Probably the meaning of Rüpel was occasioned by Knecht Ruprecht, ‘Knight Robert’ (bugbear in nursery tales), in whose character maskers disported themselves in a rude and coarse manner.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Röhre

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Röhre. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Röhre, feminine, ‘tube, pipe, flue,’ from Middle High German rœre, Old High German rôra, rôrra, from an earlier rôrea, feminine, ‘reed stalk, hollow stalk, reed’; a derivative of Rehr, Old High German rôr (Gothic *rauzjô, feminine, is wanting); hence Röhre is literally ‘the reed-shaped.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Rübe

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Rübe. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Rübe (Upper German Rube), feminine, ‘rape, turnip,’ from the equivalent Middle High German rüebe, ruobe, Old High German ruoba, ruoppa, feminine. The Old High German word cannot have been borrowed from Latin râpa, ‘rape,’ although names of vegetables (compare Kohl, Kappes, and Rettich) have passed directly from Latin into Old High German; for if the word were borrowed thus, the sounds of Latin râpa must have been preserved, or rather the p must have been changed into ff. The assumption that the primary Teutonic form rôbî appearing in Rübe was borrowed is opposed by the Old High German graded form râba, Middle High German râbe, ‘rape’ (Swiss rǟbi). The pre-Teutonic word is therefore related to Latin râpum, râpa, with which Greek ῥάπυς, ῥάφυς, ‘turnip,’ ῥάφανος, ῥαφάνη, Old Slovenian rěpa, Lithuanian rópė, ‘turnip,’ are also connected. These cognates are wanting in East Aryan, hence the supposition that they were borrowed, as in the case of Hanf, is not to be discarded.—
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/wacker

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​ wacker, adj., ‘valiant, gallant, honest,’ from MidHG. wacker (wacher), OHG. wacchar (wahhhar), adj., ‘cheerful, lively, awake’; comp. Du. wakker, ‘awake, awakened, cheerful, powerful,’ AS. wacor, ‘awake,’ OIc. wakr, ‘stirring, awake.’ An old derivative to Sans. vigra, ‘powerful, active’) from the Teut. root wak, ‘to be stirring, brisk’ (see wecken); comp. also wach.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/walken

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​ walken, vb., ‘to full, mill (cloth); tread (skins); thrash, cudgel,’ from MidHG. walken, OHG. walchan, str. vb., ‘to strike, thrash, full, mill (cloth)’; comp. Du. walken, ‘to press,’ AS. wealcan, OIc. valka, ‘to roll, move to and fro.’ From Teut. walkan are also derived Ital. gualcare, ‘to calender or press cloth,’ gualchiera, ‘fulling-mill.’ The Teut. root walk, from Aryan walg, seems to coincide with Sans. valg, ‘to hop or skip along.’ — From MidHG. walker, węlker, ‘fuller,’ is derived the proper name Welker.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/wallen

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​ wallen (1.), vb., ‘to boil, bubble,’ from the the equiv MidHG. wallen, OHG. wallan, str. vb.; corresponding to OSax. wallan, AS. weallan, allied to OIc. vella, ‘to boil, bubble.’ From the same Aryan root wel (wol) is derived ModHG. Welle, ‘wave, billow.’
wallen (2.), vb., ‘to wander about, go on a pilgrimage,’ from MidHG. wallen, OHG. wallôn, ‘to wander, roam about, go on a pilgrimage’; corresponding to AS. weallian, ‘to wander.’ Allied to MidHG. wallœre, ‘traveller (on foot), pilgrim’; MidHG. wallevart, ModHG. Wallfahrt, f., ‘pilgrimage.’ The root wal (wallôn, rom wal-nô) is perhaps not different from the root of wallen (1). Comp. E. to walk (Teut. base wallaqôn) with AS. weallian.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/wandern

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/wandern | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ wandern, vb., ‘to travel, wander, migrate,’ from MidHG. wandern, ‘to go, walk, travel.’ Derived, like the equiv. wandeln (MidHG. wandeln), from winden.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/wahren

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/wahren | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ wahren, vb., ‘to watch over, preserve,’ from MidHG. warn, wk. vb., ‘to notice, be careful, pay attention to’; OHG. only in biwarôn (the same as MidHG. bewarn, ModHG. bewahren, ‘to keep, preserve’). Comp. the corresponding OSax. warôn, ‘to pay attention to.’ From Ger. is derived Fr. se garer, ‘to guard against, mind’; but Fr. garnir (Ital. guarnire), ‘to furnish, stock,’ is based on the equiv. OHG. warnôn, MidHG. warnen, which, like wahren, is derived from the same root war, ‘to take care of, look after.’ To this is allied OHG. and OSax. wara, MidHG. war, f., ‘attention,’ still preserved in wahrnehmen, ‘to perceive,’ from MidHG. war nëmen, OHG. and OSax. wara nëman, ‘to pay attention to, perceive’ (in OHG. and MidHG. construed with the genit.), lit. ‘to have regard to.’ The Teut. root. war, ‘to take heed, notice,’ is rightly regarded as primit. cognate with Gr. ὁράω, ‘I see’ (Aryan root wor, to which warten is also allied).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/wahrnehmen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/wahrnehmen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ wahrnehmen, see wahren.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/wann

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/wann | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ wann, adv. and conj., ‘when,’ from MidHG. and OHG. wanne; an old adverb. derivative of the pronominal stem -hwa in wer.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/wagen

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​ wagen, vb., ‘to venture, risk,’ fro MidHG. wâgen, wk. vb., ‘to hazard, venture,’ lit. ‘to put in the scales’ MidHG. wâge, f., ‘balance,’ also means ‘uncertain result’; the word is unknown to ModHG. in this sense.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/wahr

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/wahr | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ wahr, adj., ‘true, real, genuine,’ from the equiv. MidHG. and OHG. wâr (also MidHG. wœre, OHG. wâri); corresponding to OSax. wâr, Du. waar, ‘true.’ A genuine Teut. word, found only in a few languages; Lat. vêrus, OIr. fír, ‘true’ (and also OSlov. věru, ‘belief’), are primitively allied to it; its primit. meaning has not been discovered. In Goth., only *tuzwêrs, ‘doubtful,’ appears to be cognate; but Goth. unwêrs, ‘indignant,’ OHG. mitiwâri, ‘mild,’ probably belong to another class. The word for ‘true’ in Goth. is sunjis, in AS., sôþ, which are related to ModHG. sein, Aryan root es; ‘the true’ is thus ‘the existent,’ which suggests a connection between Lat. vêrus, equiv. to Teut. wêro-, through the medium of a prehistoric form, *wes-ró-, with the Aryan root wes, ‘to be’ (see Wesen).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/walten

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/walten | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ walten, vb., ‘to dispose, manage, govern,’ from the equiv. MidHG. walten, OHG. waltan, str. vb.; corresponding to OSax. and Goth. waldan, OIc. valda, AS. wealdan, gewyldan, E. to wield. Teut. waldan (from pre-Teut. waltá-) has a t which properly belonged to the present stem, but was afterwards attached to the verbal stem; comp. the OIc. pret. olla, from a Teut. base *wol-þô-m, ‘I governed.’ The root wal is also indicated by Lat. valere, ‘to be strong,’ as well as OIr. flaith, ‘dominion.’ The allied Slav. words seem to have been borrowed at an early period from Teut.; comp. OSlov. vlada (vlasti) and Lith. valdýti, ‘to govern,’ valadóvas, ‘ruler,’ pavilděti, ‘to possess,’ velděti, ‘to acquire.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Wein

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Wein. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Wein, masculine, ‘wine,’ from the equivalent Middle High German and Old High German wîn, masculine; corresponding to Old Saxon wîn, masculine and neuter, Dutch wijn, masculine, Anglo-Saxon wîn, English wine, and the equivalent Gothic wein, neuter. There is no phonological evidence to show that the word was borrowed. The assumption that it was adopted from Latin vînum (equivalent to Gothic wein, neuter), or rather from Low Latin vînus, masculine (equivalent to Old High German wîn, masculine), is probable from the accounts of ancient writers. The period of adoption was perhaps the first century B.C., hence the early diffusion among the Old Teutonic dialects. An earlier connection of the Teutonic with the Latin word is improbable (Latin v equivalent to Teutonic w in old loanwords; compare Pfau, Weiher, Weiler, with Vers and Brief). With regard to the Southern culture of the vine, compare the following words borrowed from Latin — Kelter (also Presse), Kelch, Lauer, Spund, Most, Torkel, Trichter, and Winzer. Note, too, Swiss wümmen, Old High German windemôn (older *wintimmôd), equivalent to Latin vindêmiare; Swiss Wümmet, from Old High German windemôd, *wintimmôd, equivalent to Latin vindêmiae (whence also the equivalent Old Irish fínime, ‘vintage,’ also fín, ‘wine’).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Weise

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Weise. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Weise, feminine, ‘manner, mode, way,’ from Middle High German wîse, Old High German wîsa, feminine, ‘method’; corresponding to the equivalent Anglo-Saxon wîse, English wise, Dutch wijze, Old Saxon wîsa. From this West Teutonic word (in Old Icelandic vísa) the equivalent Romance cognates, Italian guisa, French guise, are derived. Teutonic wîsô-n- seems, like weise, to be derived from the Teutonic root wī̆t, ‘to know’; hence Weise, literally ‘knowledge’?. See Art. — The suffix -weise (e.g., in teilweise) has been developed in Modern High German in connection with Middle High German phrases, such as in rëgenes wîs, ‘like rain.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/trollen

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​ trollen, vb., ‘to roll about, loll, trip,’ from MidHG. trollen, ‘to run with short steps’; perhaps allied to MidHG. trolle, ‘booby, uncouth person’ (lit. ‘ghost-like monster’). Fr. trôler, ‘to stroll about,’ is a Ger. loan-word.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/trunken

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​ trunken, adj., ‘drunken, intoxicated,’ from the equiv. MidHG. trunken, OHG. trunchan. An old partic. without the prefix ge (see feist), and with an active sense too, ‘he who has drunk’ (comp. Lat. potus), then ‘he who has drunk immoderately’; similarly Du. dronken, E. drunk, and Goth. drugkans.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/trächtig

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​ trächtig, adj., ‘pregnant,’ is connected with the subsidiary meaning of traht, ‘pregnancy.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/trübe

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/trübe | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ trübe, adj., ‘turbid, gloomy, dull, dim,’ from MidHG. truëbe, adj. (truobe, adv.), OHG. truobi, adj., ‘obscure, gloomy, dull’; allied to trüben, ‘to darken, tarnish, cast a gloom over,’ MidHG. truëben, OHG. truoben, ‘to darken, sadden.’ Comp. AS. drôf, ‘dirty, troubled,’ Du. droef, ‘dull, sad,’ Goth. drôbjan, ‘to confuse, lead astray, excite commotion,’ AS. drêfan, ‘to disturb, agitate, trouble.’ In the non-Teut. languages there are no certain cognates of the Teut. root dr(illegible text)b, ‘to confuse.’ —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/trocken

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/trocken | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ trocken, adj. ‘dry, barren,’ from the equiv. MidHG. trocken, trucken (truchen), OHG. trochan (trucchan); comp. OSax. drucno, drocno, ‘dry.’ Corresponding to the equiv. LG. dreuge, Du. droog (comp. Droge, to which Du. droogte, ‘dryness,’ is allied), AS. drŷge, E. dry (allied to drought), which are derived from cognate roots. With the Teut. root drū̆k, drū̆g, draug, ‘to be dry,’ is also connected OIc. draugr, ‘dry wood.’ A pre-Teut. root dkrū̆ḳ (dhrū̆g) has not yet been found in the other Aryan languages.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/trödeln

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​ trödeln, vb., ‘to deal in second-hand goods, dawdle, loiter,’ from MidHG. *tretelen, which, with the nasalised form trendeln, is derived from the same root. Comp. MidHG. tredel-, trendelmarket, equiv. to ModHG. Trödelmarkt, ‘rag-fair.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/tunken

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​ tunken, vb., ‘to dip, steep, soak,’ from MidHG. tunken, dunken, OHG. tunchôn, dunchôn, wk. vb., ‘to immerse.’ The OHG. variant thunkôn leads to a Goth. *þugkôn, which must be allied to Lat. tingere, ‘to moisten, dip,’ and to Gr. τέγγω, ‘to soften, moisten.’ Hence tunken cannot be connected with tauchen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/trotz

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​ trotz, prep., ‘in spite of,’ is based on the MidHG. interj. tratz (trotz), ‘I defy you.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/trösten

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​ trösten, vb., ‘to comfort, console,’ from the equiv. MidHG. trœsten, OHG. trôsten (*traustjan).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/träge

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/träge | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ träge, adj., ‘indolent, lazy,’ from MidHG. trœge, adj. (trâgo, adv.), OHG. trâgi, adj. (trâgo; adv.), ‘slow, loth, wearied, lazy’; corresponding to Du. traag, AS. trâg, ‘reluctant, difficult.’ The assumed primit. Teut. *trêgu-z, ‘reluctant, loth,’ belongs to an OTeut. root trē̆g, ‘to be sad, disheartened,’ which appears in Goth. trîgo, ‘sadness,’ OIc. tregr, ‘reluctant, slow’ (trege, ‘pain’), AS. trëga, ‘pain,’ OSax. trâgi, ‘vexation’ (allied to trëgan, str. vb., ‘to be sorry’). OSwed. trögher (ModSwed. trög), ‘lazy,’ has a graded form, ô, of the root vowel ē̆. Sans. drâgh, ‘to torment,’ has also been ​supposed to contain the Aryan root drē̆gh. The following word is not allied.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/zwirbeln

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​ zwirbeln, vb., ‘to twirl,’ from MidHG. zwirbeln, zwirben, ‘to move in a circle, whirl’ (zwirbel, m., ‘in circular motion,’ zwirbelwint, ‘whirlwind’), Allied to OHG. zęrben (*zarbjan), ‘to turn round,’ AS. tearflian, ‘to roll’?. Undoubted cognates in the non-Teut. languages are wanting.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/zwischen

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​ zwischen, adv. and afterwards prep., ‘between, among,’ from the equiv. MidHG. zwischen, zwüschen, adv. and prep. Orig. a shortened form of the adverb. expressions MidHG. inzwischen, under zwischen, OHG. in zwiskên, untar zwiskên, ‘between each pair.’ Allied to MidHG. zwisc, zwisch, adj., OHG. zwisk, zwiski, adj., ‘twofold, two and two’; comp. OSax. twisk, Du. tusschen, E. betwixt.—Derivatives ModHG. dazwischen, inzwischen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/zwölf

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/zwölf | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ zwölf, num., ‘twelve,’ from the equiv. MidHG. zwęlf, zwęlif, OHG. zwęlif. A common Teut. num.; corresponding to OSax. twęlif, Du. twaalf, AS. twęlf, E. twelve, Goth. twalif, OIc. tolf, Dan. tolv, Swed. tolf. It is a compound of Teut. twa- (HG. zwei), with the component -lif, which appears also in elf (Goth. ain-lif). In the allied Aryan languages a corresponding form occurs only in Lith. twylika, ‘twelve,’ vënolika, ‘eleven’). For the signification of the second component, Teut. -lif, Lith. -lika, see elf.