OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The New International Encyclopædia/Detroit River

Edition of 1905. See also Detroit River on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​DETROIT RIVER. A river or strait connecting lakes Saint Clair and Erie, flowing nearly west to Detroit and then south, and separating Michigan from Ontario, Canada. It is so called from the French word meaning strait. It is about twenty-two miles long; from one-half to three miles wide, of considerable depth, swift in current; and admits the largest vessels. It is the great waterway, with the Saint Clair lake and river, from Lakes Superior, Michigan, and Huron to Lake Erie. More tonnage of shipping is estimated to pass through this river than through any other stream in the world. There are many islands along its course, and the scenery is very beautiful. See Detroit.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Boutwell, George Sewall

Edition of 1905. See also George S. Boutwell on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
BOUT′WELL, George Sewall (1818-1905). An American politician and Cabinet officer. He was born in Brookline, Mass., was admitted to the bar in 1836, and between 1842 and 1851 was seven times chosen to the Massachusetts Legislature. Thenceforth he was a leader of the Democratic Party in his State, was chosen Governor in 1851, and was reëlected the next year. On the repeal of the Missouri Compromise in 1854, he left the Democratic and assisted in the organization of the Republican Party. In 1862, as commissioner, he organized the new Department of Internal Revenue; in 1863 was elected to Congress, and was twice rechosen. In 1868 he was one of the managers of the impeachment of President Johnson, from 1869 to 1873 was Secretary of the Treasury, and in the latter year was elected United States Senator. In the financial business of the Government, as both a legislator and an executive officer, he had a large share of influence and responsibility. In 1877 he was appointed by President Hayes to prepare a codification of the statutes-at-large. He was an overseer of Harvard and secretary of the Massachusetts Board of Education, in which capacity he prepared many valuable reports. He wrote Educational Topics and Institutions (1859); Manual of the United States Direct and Revenue Tax (1863); The Tax-Payer's Manual (1865); Speeches and Papers (1867); The Constitution of the United States at the End of the First Century (1896); and Reminiscences of Sixty Years in Public Affairs (1902).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Bouvardia

Edition of 1905. See also Bouvardia on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
BOUVARDIA, bōō-vär'dī-ȧ (named in honor of Bouvard, physician to Louis XIII., and superintendent of the Royal Gardens in Paris). A genus of twenty or thirty American shrubs or perennial herbs, mostly Mexican, of the family Rubiaceæ. Bouvardias are cultivated to a considerable extent as late fall or early winter greenhouse plants. The red or white flowers are long and tubular, four-lobed, and contain four stamens. The fruit is a two-celled capsule. Bouvardia triphylla is a favorite in flower borders in Great Britain, producing flowers from June till November.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Braille, Louis

Edition of 1905. See also Louis Braille on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
BRAILLE, brī'y', Louis (1809-52). A French teacher of the blind, who himself was blind from his third year. He was born at Coupvray, and in 1816 went to the Institute for the Blind in Paris, as a foundling. He became a teacher there in 1828, and in 1829 devised his point system of
writing for the blind. See Blind, Education of the.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Brandstetter, Hans

Edition of 1905. See also Hans Brandstetter on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
BRANDSTETTER, bränt'stĕt-tẽr, Hans (1854— ). An Austrian sculptor. He was born at Hitzendorf, near Gratz, and was a pupil of Hellmer, at the Academy of Arts, Vienna. His first works, “The Flight of Lot from Sodom,” “The Flute-Player,” and “Plato,” were honored with the prize given by the Academy. Among his later productions the following are especially noteworthy: “The Forest Lily,” a bronze statue (City Park, Gratz), “Prometheus,” and “The Return of the Prodigal.”
# The New International Encyclopædia/Brandt, Enevold, Count

Edition of 1905. See also Enevold Brandt on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
BRANDT, bränt, Enevold, Count (1738-72). A Danish courtier. He was born in Copenhagen, and studied law at the university of that city. He became assistant judge of the Supreme Court of Copenhagen in 1764, Koyal Chamberlain in 1769, and afterwards superintendent of the Royal
Theatre. He acted as the companion of King Christian VII., but became involved in the catastrophe of January 17, 1772, and, together with his friend Struensee (q.v.), to whose advancement he had contributed, was condemned to death, his execution following on April 28, 1772.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Bouts, Dirk

Edition of 1905. See also Dirk Bouts on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
BOUTS, bouts, Dirk or Dierick, wrongly styled Steurbout (c.1410-75). A Dutch painter, born at Haarlem. He was a pupil of Roger van der Weyden at Louvain, where, in 1466-68, he painted two pictures for the Church of Saint Peter, one of the “Martyrdom of Saint Erasmus” and one of the “Last Supper.” He also painted the “Martyrdom of Saint Hippolytus” and the “Torture of Saint Sebastian.” His brilliant coloring makes him one of the most significant members of the Flemish School, and his landscape backgrounds are especially good. His figures, on the other hand, are often disproportionately long and angular.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Bouts-rimés

Edition of 1905. See also Bouts-Rimés on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
BOUTS-RIMÉS, bōō'rḗ'-mắ' (Fr., rhymed endings). A kind of verse, the making of which forms a social amusement. Some one of the party gives out the rhymes or endings of a stanza, and the others have to fill up the lines as they best may. Suppose the rhymes prescribed are wave, lie; brave, die; the following
is one of the ways in which the lines might be completed:
| Dark are the secrets of the gulfing Where, wrapped in death, so many heroes Yet glorious death's the guerdon of the And those who bravely live can bravely | wave, lie; brave, die. |
Addison ridicules the amusement in the Spectator, No. 60.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Bowker, Richard Roger

Edition of 1905. See also Richard Rogers Bowker on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
BOWKER, Richard Roger (1848—). An American editor and writer. He was born in Salem, Mass., and graduated at the College of the City of New York in 1868. He was a leader in the Independent Republican or ‘Mugwump’ movement in 1879. His publications include Work and Wealth; Economics for the People; Copyright: Its Law and its Literature, and the Annual American Literary Index.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Bowen, Francis

Edition of 1905. See also Francis Bowen on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
BOWEN, bō′en, Francis (1811-90). An American author, born in Charlestown, Mass. He graduated at Harvard in 1833, and became instructor there in intellectual philosophy and political economy. He was proprietor and editor of the North American Review from 1843 to 1854, when he was appointed to the Alford professorship of natural religion, moral philosophy, and civil polity at Harvard. In philosophy and metaphysics he opposed the views of Cousin, Comte, Fichte, Kant, and Mill, and upheld those of Locke and Berkeley. Among his publications are: Lectures on the “Application of Metaphysical and Ethical Science to the Evidences of Religion” (1849); Lectures on Political Economy (1850); Critical Essays on the History and Present Condition of Speculative Philosophy (1842); Documents of the Constitution of England and America, from Magna Charta to the Federal Constitution of 1789 (1854); Principles of Political Economy (1856); Gleanings from a Literary Life, 1838-80 (1880); A Layman's Study of the English Bible (1886), and many essays and reviews.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Brandt, Heinrich Franz

Edition of 1905. See also Heinrich Franz Brandt on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
BRANDT, Heinrich Franz (1789-1845). A Swiss medal-coiner. He was born at La Chaux-de-Fonds, in the Canton of Neuchâtel. After a short apprenticeship he went to Paris, where in 1813 he was awarded the Grand Prix de Rome. In 1817 he was appointed chief engraver to the mint in Berlin, and in 1824 he became professor and member of the Academy of Fine Arts in that city. A complete catalogue of the medals designed by him may be found in the publications of the Berlin Academy for 1845.
# The Man of Property

* information about this edition.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
This text is the from the 1922 Manaton Edition (Charles Scribner's Sons) with a Preface and Dedication.
THE FORSYTE SAGA
VOLUME I THE MAN OF PROPERTY
BY JOHN GALSWORTHY
NEW YORK CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS MCMXXII
To
MY WIFE
I DEDICATE THE FORSYTE SAGA IN ITS ENTIRETY, BELIEVING IT TO BE OF ALL MY WORKS THE LEAST UNWORTHY OF ONE WITHOUT WHOSE ENCOURAGE- MENT, SYMPATHY AND CRITICISM I COULD NEVER HAVE BECOME EVEN SUCH A WRITER AS I AM.
CONTENTS
* Preface
* PART I
** Chapter 1. 'AT HOME' AT OLD JOLYON'S
** Chapter 2. OLD JOLYON GOES TO THE OPERA
** Chapter 3. DINNER AT SWITHIN'S
** Chapter 4. PROJECTION OF THE HOUSE
** Chapter 5. A FORSYTE MÉNAGE
** Chapter 6. JAMES AT LARGE
** Chapter 7. OLD JOLYON'S PECCADILLO
** Chapter 8. PLANS OF THE HOUSE
** Chapter 9. DEATH OF AUNT ANN
* PART II
** Chapter 1. PROGRESS OF THE HOUSE
** Chapter 2. JUNE'S TREAT
** Chapter 3. DRIVE WITH SWITHIN
** Chapter 4. JAMES GOES TO SEE FOR HIMSELF
** Chapter 5. SOAMES AND BOSINNEY CORRESPOND
** Chapter 6. OLD JOLYON AT THE ZOO
** Chapter 7. AFTERNOON AT TIMOTHY'S
** Chapter 8. DANCE AT ROGER'S
** Chapter 9. EVENING AT RICHMOND
** Chapter 10. DIAGNOSIS OF A FORSYTE
** Chapter 11. BOSINNEY ON PAROLE
** Chapter 12. JUNE PAYS SOME CALLS
** Chapter 13. PERFECTION OF THE HOUSE
** Chapter 14. SOAMES SITS ON THE STAIRS
* PART III
** Chapter 1. MRS. MACANDER'S EVIDENCE
** Chapter 2. NIGHT IN THE PARK
** Chapter 3. MEETING AT THE BOTANICAL
** Chapter 4. VOYAGE INTO THE INFERNO
** Chapter 5. THE TRIAL
** Chapter 6. SOAMES BREAKS THE NEWS
** Chapter 7. JUNE'S VICTORY
** Chapter 8. BOSINNEY'S DEPARTURE
** Chapter 9. IRENE'S RETURN
# The Man of Law's Prologue and Tale (Chaucer)

part of The Canterbury Tales
* The Tale of the Man of Lawe (1900) from The Complete Works of Geoffrey Chaucer
* The Man of Law’s Tale from The Canterbury Tales and Faerie Queene (1870) (transcription project)
* The Man of Law’s Tale from The Canterbury tales of Geoffrey Chaucer (1914) (transcription project)
* The Man of Law’s Prologue and Tale from (unsourced)
# The Man of Last Resort/The Rule against Carper/Chapter 3
#### III

“THIS is the place, sir,” said the cabman.
Carper stepped out. The house before him was lighted. The door was standing open. The brougham of a surgeon was beside the curb. He walked slowly up the great steps to the door. There was an indescribable something in the air which seemed to presage calamity; there were sounds as of persons hurrying with some desperate matter.
As Carper put up his hand to touch the bell, two men came out into the shadow of the hall.
“It is a bad case of acute mania,” one was saying. “I have given him two hypodermics of morphine, and he is still raving like a drunken sailor.”
Carper's hand dropped to his side. He turned slowly and passed down the steps into the street. He had not been noticed by the ​by the busy surgeons. At the curb he stopped for a moment and looked up and down the avenue. Well, it was justice. For seven years he had flown the black flag of piracy. Among all the buccaneers of the street, the hand of none had been heavier, and the brain of none had been keener than his own. Every man who had passed up a prisoner on to the deck of his galleon, had walked the plank. It was now his turn. It was justice.
Carper spoke to the cabman. Then he stepped in and closed the door.
The man of last resort was probably gone. There was now no resort but to the steel thing on the table.
THE END.
# The Man of Law's Prologue and Tale

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "The Man of Law's Prologue and Tale."
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* The Man of Law's Prologue and Tale in The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer
* The Pious Constance from Stories from Old English Poetry by Abby Sage Richardson, 1899. (transcription project)
# The Man of Property/Part I

BOOK I
THE MAN OF PROPERTY
" . . . . You will answer
The slaves are ours. . . ."
—Merchant of Venice.
PART I
* Chapter 1. 'AT HOME' AT OLD JOLYON'S
* Chapter 2. OLD JOLYON GOES TO THE OPERA
* Chapter 3. DINNER AT SWITHIN'S
* Chapter 4. PROJECTION OF THE HOUSE
* Chapter 5. A FORSYTE MENAGE
* Chapter 6. JAMES AT LARGE
* Chapter 7. OLD JOLYON'S PECCADILLO
* Chapter 8. PLANS OF THE HOUSE
* Chapter 9. DEATH OF AUNT ANN
# The New International Encyclopædia/Civilis, Julius

Edition of 1905. See also Gaius Julius Civilis on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
CIVI'LIS, Julius (or Claudius). A chief of the Batavi, for twenty-five years connected with the army of Rome. Alienated by unjust treatment and by the execution of his brother, Julius Paulus, he headed an insurrection in Gaul in A.D. 69, but in A.D. was subdued by an army under Cerealis, general of Vespasian. Tacitus extols his patriotism and heroic acts.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Clepsydra

Edition of 1905. See also Water clock on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
CLEP'SYDRA (Gk. κλεψύδρα, klepsydra, from κλέπτειν, kleptein, to steal + ὕδωρ, hydōr, water). An ancient instrument for measuring time by the efflux of water through a small orifice. Two kinds have been in use. In the simplest form the water was allowed to escape from one vessel into another. This form was used in the Athenian courts, where a speaker was allowed a certain number of amphoræ of water for his speech, the quantity depending on the importance of the suit. The more complicated form was said by some to have been invented by Plato, while others gave the honor to Ctesibius of Alexandria. In this form the water was allowed to flow at a uniform rate into a receptacle, on which was marked a scale of hours. Both forms are said to have been introduced into Rome in B.C. 159, and were widely used. Athenæus (iv. p. 174) applies the name to a variety of the hydraulic organ.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Climatological Association, American

Edition of 1905. See also American Clinical and Climatological Association on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ CLIMATOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, American, a society for the study of climatology, balneology, and the diseases of the respiratory and circulatory organs. It was organized in New York City in 1884, and is composed of physicians residing in the United States and Canada. It consisted, in 1901, of 133 members.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Cleopatra's Needles

Edition of 1905. See also Cleopatra's Needle on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
CLEOPATRA'S NEEDLES. The name given to two Egyptian obelisks of red syenite, which
were transported from Heliopolis to Alexandria about the year B.C. 14, and remained there until 1877, when they were presented to the governments of Great Britain and the United States by the Khedive Ismail Pasha. Of the two companion monoliths, one now stands on the Thames Embankment, London, the other in Central Park, New York. The latter is 69 feet high, with a base 7 feet 7 inches in diameter, and weighs 200 tons. It is supported on four bronze crabs, reproductions from the originals preserved in the neighboring Metropolitan Museum. The obelisk bears inscriptions of Thothmes III. (about B.C. 1500) and Rameses II. See Obelisk. Consult, Gorringe, Egyptian Obelisks (New York, 1885).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Civilization

Edition of 1905. See also Civilization on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
CIVILIZATION. In general, the condition of more advanced peoples in contradistinction to those classed as barbaric and savage. Specifically, that stage of human culture characterized by social organization based on the recognition of proprietary rights, especially in land; the third stage in human development. See Man, Science of.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Claus, Karl Friedrich Wilhelm

Edition of 1905. See also Carl Friedrich Wilhelm Claus on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
CLAUS, klous, Karl Friedrich Wilhelm (1835-99). A German zoölogist, born in Cassel.
He studied the natural sciences in Giessen, under Leuckart; in 1863 became professor of zoölogy in Marburg, in 1870 in Göttingen, and in 1873 in Vienna. He was also director of the zoölogical station at Triest. He was very active in the investigation of the Crustacea, and is also widely known because of his Text-Book of Zoölogy. Of his numerous works, the following are important: Die freilebenden Copepoden (1863); Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Ostracoden (1868); Grundzüge der Zoölogie (1868); Ueber den Bau und die Entwicklung der Cumaceen (1870); Die Metamorphose der Squilliden (1872); Ueber die Entwicklung Organisation und systematische Stellung der Arguliden (1875); Lehrbuch der Zoölogie (6th ed., 1897; trans. into English, under the title of Text-book of Zoölogy, by Claus and Sedgwick, London, 1897).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Lichfield

Edition of 1905. See also Lichfield on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
LICH′FIELD. An ancient city in Staffordshire, England, a civic county, 15 miles southeast of Stafford (Map: England, E 4). Considerable brewing is carried on, together with market gardening and manufacturing of harness, carriages, and carpets. Its chief edifice is the cathedral, a red sandstone building of fine proportions in the early English style, dating from the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, and occupying a commanding site. Its length is 403 feet; width of transepts, 149 feet; of nave, 65 feet; and height, 60 feet. It is surmounted by three spires, the central spire being 260 feet high, and the two western spires each 190 feet high. Other notable features are the western façade, ornamented with one hundred statues in niches; the triforium, the Lady Chapel, and several fine monuments. The cathedral, formerly surrounded by a wall, was besieged and damaged greatly by the Puritans in 1643. It was restored by Wren, who built the central spire; at the end of the nineteenth century it again underwent a complete restoration. Lichfield has a free grammar-school, in which Addison, Ashmole, Johnson, and Garrick, natives of the town or vicinty, were educated. The market-place contains a colossal statue of Dr. Johnson. Lichfield was made an episcopal see in 669, and received its city charter in 1549. Population, in 1891, 7864; in 1901, 7900. Consult: Britton, History of Lichfield (London, 1836); Beresford, Lichfield (London, 1880).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Lichtenberg

Edition of 1905. See also Lichtenberg on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
LICHTENBERG, lĭK'ten-bĕrK. A residential suburb of Berlin, on the east, practically a part of the capital. Population, in 1890, 22,770; in 1900, 43,372.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Lichtenberg, Georg Christoph

Edition of 1905. See also Georg Christoph Lichtenberg on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
LICHTENBERG, Georg Christoph (1742-99). A German physicist and satirist, born at Oberramstadt, Grand Duchy of Hesse. He received his first instruction in mathematics and physical studies from his father, and after studying at Göttingen was appointed professor in the University of Göttingen in 1769. At
the end of that year he went to England, where he mingled and studied with many of the leading scientists of his day. The results of his investigations appeared later in numerous discoveries in the field of electricity, of which the most important were the electrical figures named after him. In England he became a frequent visitor to, and student of, the theatre in which Garrick was then a distinguished figure. Moreover, a keen observer by nature and training, in his study of English literature he was soon impressed by the inferiority of the German wit to that of such men as Swift, after whom he later patterned to some extent his own satiric method. After a second visit to England (1774-75), he resumed his lectures on experimental physics at Göttingen. He continued, however, to devote much time to literary pursuits. His keenness of wit and his boundless resources of ridicule resulted in his publication of several well-aimed satires, of which the best known are his Ueber Physiognomik wider die Physiognomen, against the new science of physiognomy of Lavater, and his Ueber die Pronunciation der Schöpse des alten Griechenland, against Voss. From 1778 he edited the Göttingischer Taschenkalender, in which he severely attacked the ‘Storm and Stress’ writers. Here he published in part his articles on Hogarth, whom he did much to popularize in Germany. In the completed work, the Erklärung der Hogarthischen Kupferstiche (1794 et seq.), he gave the most brilliant proof of his critical power, by his clear explanation and interpretation of the English artist's work. In later years he was affected by hypochondria, but, though forced to withdraw from society, continued his studies and writings. His Gedenkbücher, or Diaries, contain interesting maxims, epigrams, and brief essays. Consult Lauchert, Lichtenbergs schriftstellerische Thätigkeit (Göttingen, 1893).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Liberal Republican Party

Edition of 1905. See also Liberal Republican Party (United States) on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
LIBERAL REPUBLICAN PARTY. In American history, the name given to a short-lived political party which participated in the Presidential campaign of 1872, composed largely of ‘bolters’ from the regular Republican organization. The party first appeared as a prominent political factor in Missouri in 1870, under the leadership of Carl Schurz and B. Gratz Brown, the latter of whom by a fusion of Liberal Republicans with a large element of the Democratic Party, was elected Governor. The faction here declaimed for “universal amnesty and universal enfranchisement,” a reform in the tariff, an effective civil-service system, and a cessation of “unconstitutional laws to cure kuklux disorders, irreligion, or intemperance.” As President Grant's first term drew near its close, disaffection in the Republican ranks throughout the country became increasingly pronounced, chiefly because of the President's policy of severity with regard to the Southern whites and his alleged misuse of his appointing power. In answer to a call issued by the triumphant fusionists of Missouri on January 24, 1872, a National Liberal Republican Convention met at Cincinnati on May 1st, and after much discussion, Horace Greeley was nominated for President and B. Gratz Brown for Vice-President, on a platform which, evading the tariff issue, declared for universal amnesty, the reëstablishment of civil governments throughout the South, and civil-service reform. On June 9th the Democratic convention assembled at Baltimore formally accepted the candidates and the platform of the Liberal Republicans, though a dissenting element subsequently met at Louisville and nominated Charles O'Conor for President and John Quincy Adams for Vice-President. The campaign was marked by much ill-feeling and considerable personal abuse. Greeley being especially attacked because of his affiliation with the Democrats, whom formerly, as a Republican, he had consistently opposed. In the election the fusion candidates were overwhelmingly defeated. Grant, the Republican candidate, being reëlected by an electoral vote of 286 to 63. The party, as an organization, did not survive the campaign. Among those besides Greeley and Brown who had been more or less prominently identified with the party were Charles Francis Adams, Lyman Trumbull, Carl Schurz, David Davis, Stanley Matthews, Horace White, George W. Julian, and David A. Wells.