OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Killigrew, Thomas (1657-1719)

​KILLIGREW, THOMAS, the younger (1657–1719), dramatist, son of Thomas Killigrew [q. v.], by his second wife, Charlotte de Hesse, was born in February 1657 (Miscell. Genealog. et Herald. new ser. i. 370). He fought a duel, according to Luttrell's ‘Brief Relation,’ on 31 Jan. 1692, and was subsequently gentleman of the bedchamber to George II when Prince of Wales. He is the author of ‘Chit Chat, a Comedy in five acts. As it is acted at the Theatre Royal, in Drury Lane, by his Majesties servants. Written by Mr. Killigrew, Lond., Printed for Bernard Lintot,’ 8vo, no date (1719). It is dedicated to the Duke of Argyll, and is a pleasant, gossipping, happily named piece, with very little plot, as the author acknowledges in the prologue, but some moderately felicitous dialogue. It was played at Drury Lane 14 Feb. 1719, with Wilks, Booth, Cibber, Mrs. Thurmond, Mrs. Porter, and Mrs. Oldfield in the principal parts. Thanks to the zeal of the Duke of Argyll and other friends of the author, it kept the stage eleven nights, and brought its author no less than 1,000l., which, however, he did not live to enjoy, since he died a few months afterwards, and was buried at Kensington 21 July 1719. His play went through two editions in 1719. ‘Miscellanea Aurea, or the Golden Medley,’ London, printed for A. Bettesworth, 1720, contains ‘The Fable of Aumilius and the Statue of Venus,’ which is signed T. ​Killigrew. An agreement for the sale of ‘Chit Chat’ to Bernard Lintot for 84l. was on sale by T. Thorpe in 1843. A portrait of a ‘Captain’ Killigrew is mentioned by Nichols (viii. 722) as in Lumley Castle. It appears to be that of another Killigrew.
[Genest's Account of the English Stage; Baker's Biographia Dramatica; Boase and Courtney's Bibliotheca Cornubiensis; Lysons's Environs of London.]
J. K.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lucas, Theophilus

​LUCAS, THEOPHILUS (fl. 1714), biographer, inherited, according to his own assertion, an estate of 2,000l. a year, which he lost at the gaming tables. To deter his son, who was the ‘very next heir to 1,500l. per annum by the death of an uncle,’ from following his example, or, at best, to put him on his guard against the tricks of card-sharpers, he wrote an entertaining, though in places grossly indecent, book entitled ‘Memoirs of the Lives, Intrigues, and Comical Adventures of the most famous Gamesters and celebrated Sharpers in the reigns of Charles II, James II, William III, and Queen Anne; wherein is contain'd the secret History of Gaming. The whole calculated for the meridians of London, Bath, Tunbridge, and the Groom-Porters,’ 12mo, London, 1714. A third edition, with additions, was published without the author's name in 1744. This book, which owes nothing to Charles Cotton's ‘Compleat Gamester’ (1674), has been of great use to biographers, though its statements must obviously be received with caution. Whether Theophilus Lucas had a real existence or was merely the pseudonym of some bookseller's hack, it is apparently impossible to determine.
[Lucas's preface to Memoirs.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lucas, William?

Simon Lucas in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
​LUCAS, WILLIAM? (fl. 1789), African explorer, is stated to have been born about 1750. He is believed to have been the William Lucas, son of a vintner in Greyfriars, London, who was admitted to St. Paul's School, 11 Feb. 1760, aged 10 (Gardiner, St. Paul's School Register, pp. 116, 120). While still a boy he was sent to Cadiz, to be trained to mercantile pursuits, but was captured on his return voyage shortly after by a Sallee rover, and carried into slavery at Morocco. According to ‘Reports of the African Association’ (i. 19), after three years' captivity he went to Gibraltar, and was sent as vice-consul at Morocco by General Edward Cornwallis, governor of Gibraltar from 1763 to 1770. In 1785 he returned to England, and was appointed oriental interpreter of the British court apparently at Gibraltar. Soon afterwards he received official permission to ​undertake a journey in Africa in the service of the newly formed Association for Promoting African Exploration, and was paid his salary in spite of his absence from Gibraltar. He left England in August 1788 with the intention of crossing the desert from Tripoli to Fezzan, collecting information from the people of Fezzan and traders respecting the interior, and returning home by way of the Gambia or the Guinea coast. He landed at Tripoli at the end of October, and was well received by the bashaw. When on the point of starting for Fezzan, he was delayed by the revolt of the principal tributary tribe of Arabs. Meanwhile two shereefs arrived at Tripoli, and offered to be responsible with their lives for his safe conduct. Lucas accepted the offer, and started on a mule, given by the bashaw, in company with eighteen other persons all armed, in February 1789. On the fourth day of the journey he reached the ruins of Lebida, and found remains of a great Roman colony. On the seventh day he reached Menrata, but the war with the Arabs rendered it impossible that Fezzan could be reached before the winter. By promising the copy of a map of Africa to one of the shereefs who had travelled as factor in the slave-trade for the king of Fezzan, he obtained much information about Fezzan, Bornou, and Nigritia, which ‘diminished his disappointment at not completing his journey.’ He left Memoon on 20 March 1789, reached Tripoli on 6 April, and England on 26 July. His account of Africa was published in the ‘Reports’ of the African Association, in the service of which he was succeeded by Major Daniel Houghton [q. v.] The date of his death has not been discovered.
[Reports of the African Association, vol. i. 1790; Georgian Era, iii. 467 et seq.]
H. M. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lucy Hutchinson

​HUTCHINSON, LUCY (b. 1620), author. [See under Hutchinson, John, 1615–1664.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lucius

​LUCIUS, a legendary hero, is called the first Christian king in Britain, and is supposed to have lived in the second century. There is no record of his existence until three or four centuries after his supposed death; the story that Pope Eleutherus received a letter from Lucius, a British king, announcing his conversion to Christianity, originated in the fifth or sixth century, and appears in the ‘Catalogus Pontificum Romanorum,’ written about 530 (Acta SS., 1 April, i. xxiii). The original ‘Catalogus,’ written shortly after 353, says nothing about it. Beda copies the story (Hist. Eccl. i. 4, v. 24), and in Nennius's ninth-century account, the earliest British testimony, Lucius is identified with Lleuer Mawr, a chieftain in South Wales, whose name, expressing the idea of brightness, corresponds to the Latin Lucius. In the Welsh triads and genealogies, whose date is uncertain, this chieftain is called the founder of the church of Llandaff (Myv. Arch. ii. 63, 68), and the names of Dyfan, Ffagan, Medwy, and Elfan, possibly real personages, are given as those of the messengers Eleutherus sent from Rome (Achau y Saint); the ‘Book of Llandaff’ (ed. Rees, pp. 65, 310) calls the first two Lucius's messengers to Rome. The Welsh stories want detail, and there is nothing improbable in their account if earlier authority for Lucius's existence were forthcoming.
The legend of Lucius owes its wealth of detail to Geoffrey of Monmouth; the greater part of his narrative is at direct variance with authentic history, and the whole must be rejected. William of Malmesbury in all probability had no sure authority for connecting Lucius with Glastonbury. By the fourteenth century a letter to Lucius from Eleutherus had been forged (Spelman, Concilia, i. 31), and by the seventeenth century a gold coin, now in the British Museum, and a silver coin, purporting to have been issued from Lucius's mint, had also been manufactured (Ussher, Brit. Eccl. Ant. v. cc. iii. sq.) After the twelfth century Lucius appears frequently as a benefactor to the church, and later still to the university of Cambridge. Confusion with a continental teacher of the same name explains the stories of his missionary labours abroad and of his martyrdom (ib.)
[Haddan and Stubbs' Councils, i. 25, 26; Dictionary of Christian Biography, s. v.]
M. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Luckombe, Philip

​LUCKOMBE, PHILIP (d. 1803), miscellaneous writer, was born at Exeter. After acting as a printer for twelve years, he is said to have entered ‘one of the Oxford colleges’ (Nichols), but his name does not figure in the university register. He subsequently settled in London, and did much miscellaneous literary work. Besides editing several dictionaries and cyclopædias, he wrote books on printing, and made a special study of conchology. His collection of shells was considerable, and his learning brought him the acquaintance of Bishop Percy. He died in September 1803. There is a mezzotint octavo oval portrait of him, drawn by T. Kearsley and engraved by R. H. Laurie.
His principal works are:
* ‘A Concise History of the Origin and Progress of Printing,’ 1770, 8vo.
* ‘The History and Art of Printing,’ 2 parts, 1771, 8vo.
* ‘A Tour through Ireland,’ 1780, 12mo.
* ‘The Traveller's Companion, or a New Itinerary of England and Wales,’ 1789, 8vo.
* ​`England's Gazetteer,’ 3 vols. 1790, 12mo.
* ‘The Tablet of Memory,’ 8th edit. 1792.
[Works in Brit. Mus.; Nichols's Illustr. of Lit. viii. 26, 27, 31, 32.]
A. F. P.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lucy, Charles

1904 Errata appended.
​LUCY, CHARLES (1814–1873), historical painter, born at Hereford in 1814, was first apprenticed to his uncle, a chemist in that town. Having a predilection for art, he went to Paris, where he became a student in the École des Beaux-Arts under Delaroche. He returned to England and studied at the Royal Academy. He subsequently was employed to go to the Hague and Paris to copy old masters for a Mr. Jones. In 1838 he exhibited a portrait at the Royal Academy in London, being then resident at Hereford, and in 1840 exhibited his first historical painting, ‘The Interview between Milton and Galileo.’ For about sixteen years Lucy lived at Barbizon, near Fontainebleau, where, amid essentially French surroundings, he devoted himself entirely to painting large historical pictures from English, especially puritan, history. At the Westminster Hall competitions his works attracted notice, including his fresco in 1844 of ‘The Roman Empress Agrippina interceding with the Emperor Claudius on behalf of the Family of Caractacus,’ which was awarded a premium of 100l., and in 1845 his cartoon of ‘Religion.’ At the competition in 1847 Lucy obtained a premium of 200l. for his painting of ‘The Departure of the “Primitive Puritans” or “Pilgrim Fathers” to the Coast of America, A.D. 1620.’ This picture he followed up by ‘The Landing of the Pilgrim Fathers in America,’ exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1848. Lucy painted a very great number of historical works, but his efforts did not meet with the success which they deserved. A picture of ‘Cromwell and his Family listening to Milton playing the Organ at Hampton Court’ was purchased by Mr. Agnew, who had it engraved, and it was subsequently presented by Mr. Graham, M.P., to the Corporation Galleries at Glasgow. A picture of 'Shakespeare before Sir Thomas Luc' was engraved by Robert Graves, A.E. Many of his pictures were purchased for public institutions in America; some are in the collections of the Duke of Manchester, Sir Robert Peel, and others in this country. Engravings from his works are frequently met with. Lucy was instructor for many years at a drawing school in Camden Town. On the foundation of the new British Institution he was elected chairman of the committee. He was commissioned by Sir Joshua Walmesley to paint a series of portraits of eminent men, including Oliver Cromwell, Nelson, Richard Cobden, John Bright, Mr. W. E. Gladstone, Disraeli, Joseph Hume, and Garibaldi. These were bequeathed by Walmesley to the South Kensington Museum. Lucy died at 13 Ladbroke Crescent, Notting Hill, on 19 May 1873, aged 59.
[Redgrave's Dict. of Artists; Bryan's Dict. of Painters and Engravers, ed. Graves; Clement and Hutton's Artists of the Nineteenth Century; Art Journal, 1873; Times, 21 May 1873.]
L. C.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.187 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
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| 244 | i | 14 f.e. | Lucy, Charles: for was engraved by Robert Graves, A.E. read has been attributed to him, apparently in error. No such picture is now traceable. |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lindsay, William (1802-1866)

​LINDSAY, WILLIAM, D.D. (1802–1866), united presbyterian minister, a native of Irvine, Ayrshire, was born in 1802, and studied at Glasgow University. When the synod of the relief church founded at Paisley in 1824 a theological hall under Professor James Thomson, D.D., in connection with their own denomination, Lindsay was one of the first students enrolled. He was ordained minister of the relief church on 27 April 1830, his first charge being the newly formed congregation at Johnstone, Renfrewshire, called the East Church. On 22 Nov. 1832 he was translated to Dovehill Relief Church, Glasgow, a congregation formed in 1766, where he acted as colleague of John Barr. Upon Barr's death in 1839 Lindsay succeeded to the sole charge. In 1841 he was appointed professor of exegetical theology and biblical criticism by the relief synod. He removed with his congregation from Dovehill to a new church which they had erected in Cathedral Street, Glasgow, in 1844, and the congregation was thenceforward called Cathedral Street Relief Church. The degree of D.D. was conferred upon him by the university of Glasgow in 1844. After the union of the relief and other secession churches, which resulted in the formation of the united presbyterian church in 1847, he was appointed professor of sacred languages and biblical criticism by the synod of the new denomination, and with John Brown, James Harper, Neil McMichael, and John Eadie formed the staff of the United Presbyterian Hall. On the death of Dr. Brown on 13 Oct. 1858, Lindsay, who as a professor was greatly beloved by all the students, was transferred to the chair of exegetical theology, and retained his professorship in conjunction with the charge of Cathedral Street United Presbyterian Church till his death, which took place very suddenly on Sunday, 3 June 1866. Earlier in the day he had twice preached in his own pulpit. Lindsay was from his youth of a studious temperament. He took the deepest interest in all public questions, and his platform speeches on the voluntary controversy, the temperance question, and papal ​aggression were very effective. The most memorable of his speeches was that which he delivered in Tanfield Hall, Edinburgh, at the foundation of the united presbyterian denomination.
His principal works were:
* ‘Life of Rev. Thomas Gillespie of Carnock, one of the Founders of the Relief Church,’ being the third volume of the series of ‘United Presbyterian Fathers,’ 1849.
* ‘The Miracles of Scripture defended from the assaults of Modern Scepticism,’ the lecture delivered at the opening of the United Presbyterian Hall in 1850.
* ‘The Law of Marriage,’ 1855; 2nd edit. 1871.
* ‘Exposition of Epistle to the Hebrews,’ 2 vols., edited in 1867 by George Brooks, who succeeded him in the Johnstone pastorate.
[McKelvie's Annals and Statistics of the United Presbyterian Church; Glasgow Herald, 6 June 1866; private information.]
A. H. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lindsay, Patrick (1566-1644)

​LINDSAY, PATRICK (1566–1644), archbishop of Glasgow, son of John Lindsay, and a cadet of the house of Lindsays of Edzell, Forfarshire, and Kincardineshire, was born in 1566, and studied at St. Leonard's College, St. Andrews, where he was laureated in 1587. In the following year he received the living of Guthrie in the presbytery of Arbroath (Angus synod). Thence be removed to St. Vigeans, Forfarshire, between 1591 and 1593. He was a member of the general assemblies of 1590, 1602, 1608, 1608, 1610, 1616,and 1618. In 1608 he was among those nominated for the moderatorship. In 1610 he was appointed one of the examiners of the Marquis of Huntly, to test the sinceritv of his pretended conversion (cf. Bannatyne Club Original Letters, p. 212). He strongly supported the episcopalian schemes of James I, and was rewarded for his compliance by being appointed one of the new court of high commission for Scotland in 1610, and was continued in it on its reconstruction in 1615 and 1634 (Baillie, Letters, i. 424). In 1613 he was promoted to the bishopric of Ross, being consecrated 1 Dec. was granted the infeftment of the barony of Downy Petterlie 19 Dec. 1615, and in the same year was sworn a member of the privy council of Scotland (31 March 1615). Along with the other Scottish bishops, he sought to press on the assembly the royal 'articles 'of 1617, and signed the proclamation of the privy council against the book called 'The Perth Assembly,' 15 July 1619. He was one of the two bishops appointed to go to court about church affairs in July 1627.
In 1633 he was installed archbishop of Glasgow, He signed the acts of the privy council authorising the New Service Book in October 1636 and June 1637, and according to Baillie (i. 20) was very diligent in charging all his presbyters 'to try and use the New Service Book." He was accordingly included in the indictment of the bishops by the general assembly in 1638, the charge being first preferred against him in his own presbytery at Glasgow, and referred by them to the general assembly. The latter body deposed him, and ordered him to be excommunicated, 11 Dec. 1638. Owing to chronic illness, he was not able for some time to follow his fellow-bishops in flight to England, but in December 1640 be was in London 'in great poverty and misery.' He died at York, probably about the middle of 1644, and was buried at the expense of the governor of York (Baillie, Letters, ii. 213).
[Lindsay's Lives of the Lindsays; Hist. MSS. Comm. 9th Rep. pp. 2, 258 a; Cal. State Papers, Dom. Charles I, s.d. 2 April 1635, 17 May 1639; Douglas's Peerage of Scotland; Scott's Fasti Eccles. Scot.; Keith's Catalogue; Spotiswood's History; Burton's History; Baillie's Letters; Bannatyne Club Publications.vols. xix. xxv. xcii. lxxvi. xciii. lxxxi-xiii.; Balfour's Hist. Works; information kindly furnished by W. Duke. D.D., rector of St. Vigeans.]
W. A. S.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.182 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
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# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lindsay, Patrick (d.1753)

​LINDSAY, PATRICK (d. 1753), lord provost of Edinburgh, was descended from a younger branch of the Lindsays of Kirkforthar, Fifeshire, and was the only surviving son of Patrick Lindsay,rector of the grammar school of St. Andrews, by Janet, only daughter of John Lindsay of Newton. He served with Sir Robert Riche's regiment of foot in Spain until the peace of Utrecht in 1713. He was admitted to the freedom of the city of St. Andrews, 10 Sept. 1722. His grandfather was a joiner in St. Andrews, and he appears to have learned the same trade, for after leaving the army he settled as an upholsterer in Edinburgh. Prospering in his business he was chosen a magistrate of the city, and became successively dean of guild and lord provost, being elected to the latter dignity in 1729, and also in 1733. From 1734 to 1741 he represented Edinburgh in parliament. He was served heir to his father 10 May 1741. In 1728, while he was dean ​of guild, his shop was entered by thieves, his apprentice murdered, and his cash-box stolen (Private Letters chiefly to Robert Wodrow, 1694–1732, pp. 64–5, 1829). During the Porteous riots in 1736 he succeeded in reaching the quarters of the Welsh fusiliers with a verbal message from the authorities asking their assistance against the mob, but the officer, on the ground that Lindsay manifested evident signs of conviviality, declined to act on it. On a bill being introduced into parliament to disfranchise Edinburgh on account of the riot, Lindsay delivered a convincing speech against the proposal. After retiring from the representation of the city he was appointed by the Duke of Atholl governor of the Isle of Man, but on account of indisposition resigned that office some time before his death, which took place at the Canongate, Edinburgh, 20 Feb. 1753.
Lindsay was the author of ‘The Interest of Scotland, considered with reference to its Police, Agriculture, Trade, Manufacture and Fishery,’ Edinburgh, 1733; 2nd edit. London, 1736.
By his first wife, Margaret, daughter of David Montier, merchant in Edinburgh, he had three sons—Patrick, appointed deputy-secretary at war in 1741; John, a lieutenant-colonel in the army; and James, captain of a ship at war belonging to the East India company—and two daughters: Mary unmarried, and Janet, married to James Anderson of Monthrieve, Fifeshire. He married as his second wife Janet, daughter of James Murray of Polton, and as his third wife Lady Catherine Lindsay, daughter of William, fifteenth earl of Crawford, but had no issue by his second or third marriage.
[Douglas's Baronage of Scotland; Gent. Mag. 1753, p. 148; Scots Mag. xv. 101; Forster's Members of the Scottish Parliament, p. 215; Lord Lindsay's Lives of the Lindsays; Lindsay Pedigree, by W. A. Lindsay, in the College of Arms.]
T. F. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lindsay, William (d.1698)

1904 Errata appended.
​LINDSAY, WILLIAM, eighteenth Earl of Crawford and Earl of Lindsay (d. 1698), was the eldest son of John, seventeenth earl of Crawford and first earl of Lindsay [q. v.], by Lady Margaret Hamilton, second daughter of James, second marquis of Hamilton [q. v.] He succeeded to the earldoms on the death of his father in 1678. A zealous and even fanatical presbyterian, he had resolved in 1685 for conscience sake to leave the country, but could not obtain the requisite permission. Through the extravagance of his father he also found himself in very straitened circumstances, but resisting worldly temptations to support the ruling faction, he escaped persecution by living in great retirement. On the accession of King William he was, on account of his influence with the presbyterians, received into special favour, and named president of the Convention parliament. On 15 April 1690 he was appointed a commissioner of the treasury, and on 9 May one of the commissioners for settling the government of the church. Burnet describes him as ‘passionate in his temper,’ and ‘out of measure zealous in his principles’ (Own Time, ed. 1838, p. 541). He also states that he ‘received and encouraged all complaints that were made of the episcopal ministers’ (ib.) Crawford himself affirmed that ‘no Episcopal since the late happy revolution, whether laic or of the clergy, hath suffered by the council upon account of his opinion in church matters, but allenarly [solely] for their disowning the civil authority and setting up for a cross interest’ (Leven and Melville Papers, p. 376); but it cannot be doubted that his zeal against the episcopalians was excessive, and that the motives that actuated him were ecclesiastical rather than political. He died 6 March 1698.
By his first wife, Mary Johnstone, daughter of James, earl of Annandale, he had three sons—John, nineteenth earl of Crawford; James, who became colonel and was killed in 1707 at the battle of Almanza in Spain—and two daughters. By his second wife, Henrietta Seton, daughter of Charles, earl of Dunfermline, he had a son Thomas and six daughters.
[Burnet's Own Time; Leven and Melville Papers (Bannatyne Club); Lord Lindsay's Lives of the Lindsays; Douglas's Scottish Peerage (Wood), i. 382; Lindsay Pedigree, by W. A. Lindsay, in the College of Arms.]
T. F. H.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.182 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
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