# The Female Right to Literature

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Printed in "A collection of poems in six volumes. By several hands." Vol. II edited by Robert Dodsley
The Female Right to Literature, in a Letter to a young Lady from Florence.
By Thomas Seward, M. A.
WHilst you, Athenia, with assiduous toil Reap the rich fruits of learning's fertile soil; Now search whate'er historick truth has shewn, And make the wealth of ages past your own; Now crop the blossoms of poetick flow'rs, And range delighted in the Muses bowers; Say, will the sweetest of her sex attend To lines by friendship, not by by flatt'ry penn'd; To lines which tempt not worth with empty praise; But to still greater height that worth would raise; To lines which dare against a world decide, And stem the rage of custom's rapid tide!
Come then, Athenia, freely let us scan The coward insults of that tyrant, man. Self-prais'd, and grasping at despotick pow'r, He looks on slav'ry as the female dow'r; To Nature's boon ascribes what force has giv'n, And usurpation deems the gift of heav'n. See the first-peopled East, where Asia sheds Her balmy spices o'er her fertile meads: There, while th' Assyrian stretch'd his wide domain From distant Indus to the Cyprian main, All nature's laws by impious force were broke; The female sex to slav'ry's galling yoke Bow'd their fair necks: from social life confin'd, And all th' exertions of th' enlighten'd mind, Clos'd in a proud Seraglio's wanton bow'rs, The dalliance of a tyrant's looser hours. By kings' examples subjects form their lives, Dependent satraps had their train of wives; Proportion'd pow'r each petty tyrant craves, And each poor female was the slave of slaves.
When Persia next o'erturn'd th' Assyrian throne, Destroy'd her tyranny and fix'd its own; The fair distress'd no milder treatment saw, This was indeed th' unalterable law. In future times, whatever masters came, Tyrants were chang'd, but tyranny the same: At length t' accumulate the female woes, The grand impostor Mahomet arose; Swoln with prophetick lyes, he lay'd his plan On the firm basis of the pride of man; "Women, the toys of men, and slaves of lust, "Are but mere moulds to form man's outward crust; "The heavenly spark, that animates the clay, "Of the prime essence that effulgent ray, "Th' immortal soul is all to man confin'd, "Not meanly squander'd on weak woman-kind."
Accursed wretch! by hell's black council driv'n Thus to debase the fairest work of heav'n. And could Religion rear her sacred head Fraught with such doctrines? could such errors spread From western Tangier, and the sun-burnt Moor, To the cold Tartar's ever-frozen shore? Ev'n Greece too not exempt, Greece, once the seat Where Sense and Freedom held the reins of state; Where Force was Reason's hand-maid; where the bands Of Love and Friendship join'd the wedded hands; Where flourish'd once, and flourish still in fame Th' Athenian matron, and the Spartan dame.
In Rome too Liberty once reign'd, in Rome The female virtues were allow'd to bloom, And bloom they did: when Cannæ's fatal plain Was heap'd with mountains of the Roman slain, Was there a matron wept her children dead? Was there a matron wept not those that fled? Then when each rumour seem'd the voice of fate, And spoke the victor thund'ring at their gate,
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Was there one mention'd peace? did they not pour
Their wealth, their jewels to the publick store, In emulous haste all pressing to be poor?
Alas how chang'd! how are the mighty sunk, From the firm Patriot to the whining Monk! Where Industry secur'd the publick good, Where censors, consuls, and dictators plough'd. Now lazy zealots batten on the spoil, And consecrated Sloth devours the farmer's toil. But oh still worse! where Love and Friendship shone, Domestick Tyranny has fix'd his throne, With all his train of monsters: at his side Swoln with self-flatteries sits stiff-neck'd Pride; Two twin-born fiends his other ear engage, Heart-canker'd Jealousy, and fire-ey'd Rage; In front, his empire's sole support and source, Rattling chains, bars and locks, stalks brutal Force;
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Whilst pale and shrivel'd, crouch'd beneath the chair,
Lies sneaking, conscious Worthlessness; and near
Squint-ey'd Suspicion lurks, with self-distracting Fear.
Hail, happy Britain, dear parental land, Where Liberty maintains her latest stand! Oh while amidst tyrannick realms I rove, Enamour'd let me pour my filial love Into thy bosom. When the raven wings Of darkness hover o'er me, when the springs Of every outward sense are shut, my soul Thee oft revisits, oft without controul Ranges thy fields delighted, and inhales Friendship's pure joys, and Freedom's healthful gales.
But say, Britannia, do thy sons, who claim A birth-right liberty, dispense the same In equal scales? Why then does Custom bind In chains of Ignorance the female mind? Why is to them the bright etherial ray Of science veil'd? Why does each pedant say, "Shield me, propitious powers, nor clog my life "With that supreme of plagues a learned wife. "'Tis man's, with science to expand the soul, "And wing his eagle-flight from pole to pole; "'Tis his to pierce antiquity's dark gloom, "And the still thicker shades of times to come; "'Tis his to guide the pond'rous helm of state, "And bear alone all wisdom's solid weight. "Let woman with alluring graces move "The fondling passions and the baby love; "Be this our only science, be her doom "Fix'd to the toilette, the spinnet and loom."
Tongue-doughty pedant, was Athenia's soul Form'd for these only? Bring th' exactest rule Of judgment to the tryal, prove that e'er Thy school-proud tribe engross'd a greater share Of mental excellence; tho' vernal Youth Just swell her lovely bosom, yet blest Truth, Offspring of Sense and Industry, has there Long fix'd her residence; and taught the fair Or wisdom's deep recesses to explore, Or on invention's rapid wings to soar Above th'Aonian mount; and can'st thou think That virtues, which exalt the soul, can sink The outward charms? must knowledge give offence? And are the graces all at war with sense? Say, who of all the fair is form'd to move The fondest passions, most ecstatick love, More than Athenia? in her gentle eye Soft innocence and virgin modesty Incessant shine, while still a new-born grace Springs in each speaking feature of her face. Her sprightly wit no forward pertness spoils: No self-assuming air her judgment soils; Still prone to learn, tho' capable to teach, And lofty all her thoughts, but humble all her speech. Proceed, Athenia, let thy growing mind Take ev'ry knowledge in of ev'ry kind: Still on perfection fix thy steady eye, Be ever rising, rise thou ne'er so high. But oh reflect, that in th' advent'rous flight, Thou mount'st a glorious, but a dangerous height: When ev'ry science ev'ry grace shall join, When most thy wit, when most thy beauties shine, When thickest crowds enamour'd press around, When loudest ev'ry tongue thy praise shall sound, When verse too offers incense to thy shrine, And adoration breathes in ev'ry line, Then let my friendly Muse express her care, Then most will danger spread her viewless snare: Then let this truth possess thy inmost soul, "One drop of Vanity may spoil the whole."
Not self-secure on earth can Knowledge dwell, Knowledge the bliss of heav'n and pang of hell, Alike the instrument of good and evil, The attribute of God and of the Devil. Without her, Virtue is a powerless Will; She, without Virtue, is a powerful ill; Does she then join with Virtue, or oppose, She proves the best of Friends, or worst of Foes. O! be they once in happiest union join'd, And be that union in Athenia's mind.
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
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