OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Flut

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Flut | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Flut, f., ‘flood, inundation, billow,’ from the equiv. MidHG. vluot, m., f., OHG. fluot, m.; a word common to Teut.; comp. Goth. flôdus, f., OIc. flôþ, AS. flôd, m., n., E. flood, OSax. flôd, Du. vloed. Goth. flôdus, from pre-Teut. plôtú-s, is based upon a Teut. root flô (from pre-Teut. plô); comp. AS. flôwan, equiv. to E. to flow, OIc. flóa, ‘to flow.’ Akin to the Gr. root πλω in πλώ-ω, ‘to float, sail, πλωτός, ‘floating, sailing, navigable.’ Perhaps this Aryan root plô is related to the Aryan root plu mentioned under fließen and Fluder; yet there is no direct connection between Flut and fließen and Gr. πλύνω.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Flug

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Flug | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Flug, m., ‘act of flying, flight, flock,’ from MidHG. vluc (pl. vlüge), OHG. fluy, m.; corresponding to AS. flyge, OIc. flugn, m., ‘flight’; verbal abstract of fliegen. For another form see under Flucht. Goth. *flugi- and *flauhti- are wanting. —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Flur

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Flur | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Flur, f., m., ‘field, meadow, floor, entrance-hall’; the division in meaning in ModHG. Flur, m., ‘vestibule,’ Flur, f., ​'corn field,’ was unknown to the older language; MidHG. vluor, m., f., ‘cornfield, floor, ground.’ The meanings ‘entrance to a house, vestibule, paved floor,’ belong to MidHG. and LG.; comp. Du. vloer, ‘vestibule, barn-floor,’ AS. flôr, m., f., ‘vestibule, barn-floor,’ also ‘storey,’ E. floor; Scand. flór, ‘floor’ of a cow-house (Goth. flôrus is wanting). The resulting prim. meaning, ‘floor,’ has been extended only in HG. to ‘corn-field.’ Teut. flóru-s, from pre-Teut. plôrus, plârus, is most closely related to OIr. lár for *plár, ‘floor, paved floor.’ OPruss. plonis, ‘barn-floor,’ has a different suffix; it is allied to Lith. plónas, ‘flat’; hence perhaps it may be connected with Lat. plânus.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Flucht

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Flucht | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Flucht, f., ‘flight, escape, refuge; row, floor,’ the equiv. MidHG. vluht, OHG. and OSax. fluht, f., a verbal abstract from fliehen; Du. vlugt, AS. flyht, E. flight; Goth. *þlaúhti-, ‘flight,’ is wanting, for which þlauhi- occurs. In OIc. flótte, m., ‘flight,’ pointing to Goth. þlaúhta. The verbal abstract of fliegen might in Scand. and West Teut. coincide with this word; in fact, AS. flyht, E. flight, and Du. vlugt signify both ‘fleeing’ and ‘flying.’ See fliegen with respect to this confusion.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Flotte

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Flotte | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Flotte, f., ‘fleet, navy,’ ModHG. only, from Fr. flotte, which, with its Rom. cognates, was borrowed from Scand. flote, n., ‘fleet’; comp. Du. vloot, but E. fleet; all allied to fließen, Teut. root flut.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Floß

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Floß | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Floß, n., ‘float, raft, buoy, stream, fishing-net,’ from MidHG. vlôȥ, OHG. flôȥ, m., n., ‘raft,’ also in MidHG. and OHG. in the senses ‘current, flood, river’; Du. vlot, ‘raft’; comp. AS. fleót, n., ‘ship,’ E. fleet, AS. flota, ‘ship’ (also ‘mariner, sailor’), E. float, subst. and verb; note too AS. flŷte, ‘cream, flos lactis,’ with which E. to fleet (‘to skim’) is connected, LG. flot, ‘cream’; ​comp. Lith. pluditi, ‘to float,’ under fließen (Flosse).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Fluder

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Fluder | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Fluder, n. ‘mill trough,’ from MidHG. vlôder, n., ‘flowing, flooding, mill trough,’ OHG. flôdar, ‘flood of tears.’ In Goth. *flauþr, n., is probably to be assumed, based upon a root flau, flu; comp. OHG. flouwen, flęwen, MidHG. vlouwen, vlöun, ‘to wash, rinse.’ The prop. sense of the word is exactly that of fließen; comp. OIc. flau-mr, ‘current, flood’; for pre-Teut. plu, see under fließen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Fluß

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Fluß | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Fluß, m., ‘river, stream, flow,’ from MidHG. vluȥ, OHG. fluȥ, m., ‘river, stream, cast, bronze cast, rheumatism’; in these senses simply a ModHG. derivative of fließen, pointing to Goth *fluti-. E. flyte signifies a peculiar kind of ‘vessel, pontoon.’ For the genuinely Teut. word for ‘river, flowing water,’ see under Au; comp. also Strom.
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume III/Anti-Marcion/The Prescription Against Heretics/Chapter XLI

Chapter XLI.—The Conduct of Heretics: Its Frivolity, Worldliness, and Irregularity. The Notorious Wantonness of Their Women.
I must not omit an account of the conduct also of the heretics—how frivolous it is, how worldly, how merely human, without seriousness, without authority, without discipline, as suits their creed. To begin with, it is doubtful who is a catechumen, and who a believer; they have all access alike, they hear alike, they pray alike—even heathens, if any such happen to come among them. “That which is holy they will cast to the dogs, and their pearls,” although (to be sure) they are not real ones, “they will fling to the swine.” Simplicity they will have to consist in the overthrow of discipline, attention to which on our part they call brothelry. Peace also they huddle up anyhow with all comers; for it matters not to them, however different be their treatment of subjects, provided only they can conspire together to storm the citadel of the one only Truth. All are puffed up, all offer you knowledge. Their catechumens are perfect before they are full-taught. The very women of these heretics, how wanton they are! For they are bold enough to teach, to dispute, to enact exorcisms, to undertake cures—it may be even to baptize. Their ordinations, are carelessly administered, capricious, changeable. At one time they put novices in office; at another time, men who are bound to some secular employment; at another, persons who have apostatized from us, to bind them by vainglory, since they cannot by the truth. Nowhere is promotion easier than in the camp of rebels, where the mere fact of being there is a foremost service. And so it comes to pass that to-day one man is their bishop, to-morrow another; to-day he is a deacon who to-morrow is a reader; to-day he is a presbyter who tomorrow is a layman. For even on laymen do they impose the functions of priesthood.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Conversationis.
* ↑ See Matt. vii. 6.
* ↑ Lenocinium. “Pandering” is Archdeacon Dodgson’s word.
* ↑ Miscent.
* ↑ Edocti.
* ↑ Repromittere.
* ↑ Compare Tertullian’s tract, de Bapt. I. and de Veland. Virg. viii. [Also, Epiphan. iv. p. 453, Ed. Oehler.]
* ↑ Temerariæ.
* ↑ They were constantly changing their ministers. It was a saying of the heretics, “Alius hodie episcopus, cras alius” (Rigalt.).
* ↑ Sæculo obstrictos.
* ↑ Promereri est.
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume III/Anti-Marcion/The Prescription Against Heretics/Chapter XVII

Chapter XVII.—Heretics, in Fact, Do Not Use, But Only Abuse, Scripture. No Common Ground Between Them and You.
Now this heresy of yours does not receive certain Scriptures; and whichever of them it does receive, it perverts by means of additions and diminutions, for the accomplishment of it own purpose; and such as it does receive, it receives not in their entirety; but even when it does receive any up to a certain point as entire, it nevertheless perverts even these by the contrivance of diverse interpretations. Truth is just as much opposed by an adulteration of its meaning as it is by a corruption of its text. Their vain presumptions must needs refuse to acknowledge the (writings) whereby they are refuted. They rely on those which they have falsely put together, and which they have selected, because of their ambiguity. Though most skilled in the Scriptures, you will make no progress, when everything which you maintain is denied on the other side, and whatever you deny is (by them) maintained. As for yourself, indeed, you will lose nothing but your breath, and gain nothing but vexation from their blasphemy.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Ista hæresis.
* ↑ Aliquatenus.
* ↑ Stilus.
* ↑ “De” has often the sense of “propter” in our author.
* ↑ Literally, “O most skilled.”
* ↑ Quid promovebis.
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume III/Anti-Marcion/The Prescription Against Heretics/Chapter XX

Chapter XX.—Christ First Delivered the Faith. The Apostles Spread It; They Founded Churches as the Depositories Thereof. That Faith, Therefore, is Apostolic, Which Descended from the Apostles, Through Apostolic Churches.
Christ Jesus our Lord (may He bear with me a moment in thus expressing myself!), whosoever He is, of what God soever He is the Son, of what substance soever He is man and God, of what faith soever He is the teacher, of what reward soever He is the Promiser, did, whilst He lived on earth, Himself declare what He was, what He had been, what the Father’s will was which He was administering, what the duty of man was which He was prescribing; (and this declaration He made,) either openly to the people, or privately to His disciples, of whom He had chosen the twelve chief ones to be at His side, and whom He destined to be the teachers of the nations. Accordingly, after one of these had been struck off, He commanded the eleven others, on His departure to the Father, to “go and teach all nations, who were to be baptized into the Father, and into the Son, and into the Holy Ghost.” Immediately, therefore, so did the apostles, whom this designation indicates as “the sent.” Having, on the authority of a prophecy, which occurs in a psalm of David, chosen Matthias by lot as the twelfth, into the place of Judas, they obtained the promised power of the Holy Ghost for the gift of miracles and of utterance; and after first bearing witness to the faith in Jesus Christ throughout Judæa, and founding churches (there), they next went forth into the world and preached the same doctrine of the same faith to the nations. They then in like manner founded churches in every city, from which all the other churches, one after another, derived the tradition of the faith, and the seeds of doctrine, and are every day deriving them, that they may become churches. Indeed, it is on this account only that they will be able to deem themselves apostolic, as being the offspring of apostolic churches. Every sort of thing must necessarily revert to its original for its classification. Therefore the churches, although they are so many and so great, comprise but the one primitive church, (founded) by the apostles, from which they all (spring). In this way all are primitive, and all are apostolic, whilst they are all proved to be one, in (unbroken) unity, by their peaceful communion, and title of brotherhood, and bond of hospitality,—privileges which no other rule directs than the one tradition of the selfsame mystery.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Mark iv. 34.
* ↑ Matt. xxviii. 19.
* ↑ Ps. cix. 8; comp. with Acts i. 15–20.
* ↑ Traducem fidei.
* ↑ Mutuantur “borrowing.”
* ↑ Omne genus.
* ↑ Censeatur or, “for its origin.”
* ↑ Communicatio pacis.
* ↑ Contesseratio. [3 John 8.]
* ↑ Jura, “rights.”
* ↑ That is, of the faith, or Christian creed.
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume III/Anti-Marcion/The Prescription Against Heretics/Chapter XLII

Chapter XLII.—Heretics Work to Pull Down and to Destroy, Not to Edify and Elevate. Heretics Do Not Adhere Even to Their Own Traditions, But Harbour Dissent Even from Their Own Founders.
But what shall I say concerning the ministry of the word, since they make it their business not to convert the heathen, but to subvert our people? This is rather the glory which they catch at, to compass the fall of those who stand, not the raising of those who are down. Accordingly, since the very work which they purpose to themselves comes not from the building up of their own society, but from the demolition of the truth, they undermine our edifices, that they may erect their own. Only deprive them of the law of Moses, and the prophets, and the divinity of the Creator, and they have not another objection to talk about. The consequence is, that they more easily accomplish the ruin of standing houses than the erection of fallen ruins. It is only when they have such objects in view that they show themselves humble and bland and respectful. Otherwise they know no respect even for their own leaders. Hence it is [supposed] that schisms seldom happen among heretics, because, even when they exist, they are not obvious. Their very unity, however, is schism. I am greatly in error if they do not amongst themselves swerve even from their own regulations, forasmuch as every man, just as it suits his own temper, modifies the traditions he has received after the same fashion as the man who handed them down did, when he moulded them according to his own will. The progress of the matter is an acknowledgment at once of its character and of the manner of its birth. That was allowable to the Valentinians which had been allowed to Valentinus; that was also fair for the Marcionites which had been done by Marcion—even to innovate on the faith, as was agreeable to their own pleasure. In short, all heresies, when thoroughly looked into, are detected harbouring dissent in many particulars even from their own founders. The majority of them have not even churches. Motherless, houseless, creedless, outcasts, they wander about in their own essential worthlessness.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Non parent.
* ↑ Enim. [e.g. The Trent system of Unity, alas! is of this sort.]
* ↑ Hence the saying, “Wasps make combs, so Marcionites make churches” (see our Anti-Marcion, p. 187); describing the strangeness and uselessness of the societies, not (as Gibbon said) their number (Dodgson).
* ↑ Sua in vilitate. Another reading, pronounced corrupt by Oehler, has “quasi sibi latæ vagantur,” q.d. “All for themselves, as it were, they wander” etc. (Dodgson).
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume III/Anti-Marcion/The Prescription Against Heretics/Chapter XLIII

Chapter XLIII.—Loose Company Preferred by Heretics. Ungodliness the Effect of Their Teaching the Very Opposite of Catholic Truth, Which Promotes the Fear of God, Both in Religious Ordinances and Practical Life.
It has also been a subject of remark, how extremely frequent is the intercourse which heretics hold with magicians, with mountebanks, with astrologers, with philosophers; and the reason is, that they are men who devote themselves to curious questions. “Seek, and ye shall find,” is everywhere in their minds. Thus, from the very nature of their conduct, may be estimated the quality of their faith. In their discipline we have an index of their doctrine. They say that God is not to be feared; therefore all things are in their view free and unchecked. Where, however is God not feared, except where He is not? Where God is not, there truth also is not. Where there is no truth, then, naturally enough, there is also such a discipline as theirs. But where God is, there exists “the fear of God, which is the beginning of wisdom.” Where the fear of God is, there is seriousness, an honourable and yet thoughtful diligence, as well as an anxious carefulness and a well-considered admission (to the sacred ministry) and a safely-guarded communion, and promotion after good service, and a scrupulous submission (to authority), and a devout attendance, and a modest gait, and a united church, and God in all things.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Scilicet.
* ↑ Ps. cxi. 10; Prov. i. 7.
* ↑ Attonita, as if in fear that it might go wrong (Rigalt.).
* ↑ In contrast to the opposite fault of the heresies exposed above.
* ↑ Deliberata, where the character was well weighed previous to admission to the eucharist.
* ↑ Apparitio, the duty and office of an apparitor, or attendant on men of higher rank, whether in church or state.
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume III/Anti-Marcion/The Prescription Against Heretics/Chapter XVI

Chapter XVI.—Apostolic Sanction to This Exclusion of Heretics from the Use of the Scriptures. Heretics, According to the Apostle, are Not to Be Disputed With, But to Be Admonished.
I might be thought to have laid down this position to remedy distrust in my case, or from a desire of entering on the contest in some other way, were there not reasons on my side, especially this, that our faith owes deference to the apostle, who forbids us to enter on “questions,” or to lend our ears to new-fangled statements, or to consort with a heretic “after the first and second admonition,” not, (be it observed,) after discussion. Discussion he has inhibited in this way, by designating admonition as the purpose of dealing with a heretic, and the first one too, because he is not a Christian; in order that he might not, after the manner of a Christian, seem to require correction again and again, and “before two or three witnesses,” seeing that he ought to be corrected, for the very reason that he is not to be disputed with; and in the next place, because a controversy over the Scriptures can, clearly, produce no other effect than help to upset either the stomach or the brain.

## Footnotes

* ↑ De consilio diffidentiæ.
* ↑ Constitutionis, “prima causarum conflictio,”—a term of the law courts.
* ↑ Obsequium.
* ↑ 1 Tim. vi. 3, 4.
* ↑ Tit. iii. 10.
* ↑ Matt. xviii. 16.
* ↑ Plane, ironical.
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume III/Anti-Marcion/The Prescription Against Heretics/Chapter XV

Chapter XV.—Heretics Not to Be Allowed to Argue Out of the Scriptures. The Scriptures, in Fact, Do Not Belong to Them.
We are therefore come to (the gist of) our position; for at this point we were aiming, and for this we were preparing in the preamble of our address (which we have just completed),—so that we may now join issue on the contention to which our adversaries challenge us. They put forward the Scriptures, and by this insolence of theirs they at once influence some. In the encounter itself, however, they weary the strong, they catch the weak, and dismiss waverers with a doubt. Accordingly, we oppose to them this step above all others, of not admitting them to any discussion of the Scriptures.
If in these lie their resources, before they can use them, it ought to be clearly seen to whom belongs the possession of the Scriptures, that none may be admitted to the use thereof who has no title at all to the privilege.

## Footnotes

* ↑ [See Marcion, B. I. Cap. xxii. infra, note.]
* ↑ Obtendunt.
* ↑ Audacia.
* ↑ De Scripturis. But as this preposition is often the sign of the instrument in Tertullian, this phrase may mean “out of,” or “by means of the Scriptures.” See the last chapter.
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume III/Anti-Marcion/The Prescription Against Heretics/Chapter XVIII

Chapter XVIII.—Great Evil Ensues to the Weak in Faith, from Any Discussion Out of the Scriptures. Conviction Never Comes to the Heretic from Such a Process.
But with respect to the man for whose sake you enter on the discussion of the Scriptures, with the view of strengthening him when afflicted with doubts, (let me ask) will it be to the truth, or rather to heretical opinions that he will lean? Influenced by the very fact that he sees you have made no progress, whilst the other side is on an equal footing (with yourself) in denying and in defence, or at any rate on a like standing he will go away confirmed in his uncertainty by the discussion, not knowing which side to adjudge heretical. For, no doubt, they too are able to retort these things on us. It is indeed a necessary consequence that they should go so far as to say that adulterations of the Scriptures, and false expositions thereof, are rather introduced by ourselves, inasmuch as they, no less than we maintain that truth is on their side.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Or, “from the Scriptures.”
* ↑ Æquo gradu.
* ↑ Statu certe pari.
* ↑ Incertior.
* ↑ Habent.
* ↑ Proinde.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Heimchen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Heimchen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Heimchen, neuter, ‘cricket,’ diminutive of Heime, m, and feminine, from Middle High German heime, Old High German heimo, masculine, ‘cricket’; Anglo-Saxon hâma, ‘cricket’; a derivative of Heim, hence literally ‘inmate’ (a pet term?).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Heimat

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Heimat. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Heimat, feminine, from the equivalent Middle High German heimôt, heimuot, heimuote, feminine and neuter, Old High German heimuoti, heimôti, n, ‘native place’; a derivative of Heim. Gothic *haimôdi is wanting (haimôþli, ‘native land or fields,’ is used instead, Old High German heimuodili). Respecting -ôdi as a suffix, see Armut, Einöde.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Heister

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Heister. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Heister, masculine, ‘beech tree,’ a Franconian and Hessian word, which also appears in Low German, but is entirely unknown to Upper German and Middle German; even in the Middle High German period heister occurs; compare Dutch heester (whence French hêtre). Note the local term Heisterbach.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Hellbank

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Hellbank. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Hellbank, Höllbank, feminine, ‘bench near the stove,’ allied to earlier Modern High German Helle, Hölle, feminine, ‘the narrow space between the stove and the wall’; the word is first recorded towards the end of the 15th century, but was in existence at an earlier period. Compare Anglo-Saxon heal, Middle English hal, ‘angle, corner’ (compare Old Irish cuil, ‘corner’). The Modern High German form is due to a confusion with Hölle, which, like the Modern High German Hell- ‘winkel,’ is connected with the root hel, ‘to veil, conceal.’