OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Clyde-Mallory Line v. The Eglantine

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
317 U.S. 395
Clyde-Mallory Line v. The Eglantine
Argued: Nov. 20, 1942. --- Decided: Jan 4, 1943
Mr. Chauncey J. Clark, of New York City, for petitioner.
Mr. Sidney J. Kaplan, of Washington, D.C., for respondents.
Mr. Justice BLACK delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Springfield (Ohio)

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
SPRINGFIELD, a city and county-seat of Clarke co., O. ; on the Mad river and on the Detroit, Toledo, and Ironton, the Ohio Electric, the Erie, and the Cleveland, Cincinnati, and St. Louis railroads; 45 miles W. of Columbus. It is in a rich agricultural section. Here are a United States Government building, public library, Wittenberg College (Luth.), waterworks, a sewer system, street railroad and electric light plants, numerous churches, hospitals, homes, several National and other banks, and daily, weekly, and monthly periodicals. The city is noted for its extensive manufacture of agricultural implements. The other manufactures include electric motors, motor trucks, emery wheels, gas and gasoline engines, automobile tires and tubes, etc. Pop. (1910) 46,921; (1920) 60,840.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/St. Augustine

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
ST. AUGUSTINE, a city, port of entry, and county-seat of St. John co., Fla.; on the Matanzas river, near the Atlantic Ocean, on the Florida and East Coast Canal and the Florida East Coast railroad; 36 miles S. of Jacksonville. It occupies a peninsula formed by the Matanzas river on the E. and the St. Sebastian river on the S. and W. Directly in front is Anastasia Island, forming a breakwater. Here are the State Institute for the Blind, Deaf, and Dumb, the Sisters of St. Joseph and St. Mary's Convents, Wilson Public Library, United States barracks, United States government building, the great Ponce de Leon, Cordova, and Alcazar hotels, and two newspapers. The chief industries are the manufacture of cigars and palmetto straw goods, dairying and the growing of agricultural and horticultural products. The city, however, is principally of importance as a winter resort. The climate is mild and equable, there being only a few days in winter when invalids cannot take regular out-door exercise. The gardens and squares are full of palmettoes, Spanish daggers, orange and citron trees, date
palms, magnolia, and bananas. St. Augustine is the oldest town in the United States, a fort having been built here by the Spaniards in 1565. As early as 1512 Ponce de Leon landed near the site of the city. In 1763 it became a British possession, and during the Revolutionary War was an important military depot. Later it again passed into the hands of Spain, and was ceded to the United States in 1821. Pop. (1910) 5,494; (1920) 6,192.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Spargo, John

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​SPARGO, JOHN, an American author, born at Stithians, Cornwall, England, in 1876. He was educated in the public schools and then took extension courses at Oxford and Cambridge. Early in his life he became interested in socialism and was one of the comparatively few Englishmen who publicly opposed the Boer War. He came to the United States in 1901 and from then on was active as a socialistic worker, lecturer and writer. After having served as a member of the National Executive Committee of the Socialist Party and as a delegate to most of the important conventions, he resigned from the Socialist Party in May, 1917, being opposed to the Socialist opposition to the entrance of the United States into the World War, as well as to the Socialist support of the Russian Communists. He was one of the founders of the National Party, of the American Alliance for Labor and Democracy, and of the Prospect House Social Settlement, Yonkers, N. Y. In 1919 he was appointed a member of the Industrial Conference. Besides numerous pamphlets and magazine articles on art, and on social and economic questions, he wrote: “Socialism” (1906); “Capitalist and Laborer” (1907); “The Spiritual Significance of Modern Socialism” (1908); “Karl Marx, His Life and Work” (1909); “Elements of Socialism” (with Professor Arner, 1911); “Applied Socialism” (1912); “Syndicalism, Industrial Unionism, and Socialism” (1913); “Americanism and Social Democracy” (1918); “Bolshevism” (1919); “The Psychology of Bolshevism” (1920), etc.
JOHN SPARGO
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Springfield (New Jersey)

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
SPRINGFIELD, a village in Union co., N. J.; on the Rahway river and on the Lackawanna railroad; 8 miles S. W. of Newark. It has several churches and manufactories of paper, shoes, and hats. Springfield is celebrated as the scene of a battle between the American and British forces, June 23, 1780. The British, under General Knyphausen, advanced from Elizabethtown about 5 o'clock in the morning. They were opposed by General Greene, but owing to the superior number of the enemy he was compelled to evacuate Springfield, which was then burned by the British. During the action the Rev. James Caldwell, chaplain in the New Jersey brigade, is said to have distributed the hymn books from the neighboring Presbyterian Church among the soldiers for wadding, saying at the same time, “Now put Watts into them, boys.” This battle prevented further advance on the part of the British. The American loss was about 72 and that of the British about 150. Pop. (1920) 1,715.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Spokane

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
SPOKANE, a city of Washington, the county-seat of Spokane co. It is on the Northern Pacific, the Great Northern, the Oregon-Washington Railroad and Navigation Company, the Spokane International, the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul, the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy, and other railroads. It has in all 6 trans-continental lines and 12 branches. Situated at the foot of a valley, midway between the rise and mouth of the Spokane river, it is 350 miles E. of Seattle and 375 miles N. E. of Portland. It is the commercial center of the eastern part of the State of Washington, and of the northern part of Idaho, and the distributing point for a great agricultural, lumbering, horticultural, and stock raising region. The climate is unusually healthful. The annual normal temperature is 48° and there is seldom excessive heat or cold. The city rises from the banks of the Spokane river on the N. and S., to an elevation of 1,900 feet above sea-level. The streets are on the level portions while the houses are chiefly on the slopes. Latah creek, a tributary of the Spokane river, is spanned by a concrete bridge 1,070 feet long. The Monroe Street bridge is also of concrete, with an arch of 281 feet long.
The Spokane river provides water power from which 172,000 horse power has been developed. This is used for street lighting, street car and interurban trolley service, and manufacturing. There is an excellent park system which includes about 2,000 acres of land. There are 43 park places and 8 playgrounds. The educational advantages are exceptional. In addition to public and private schools there are several institutions of higher learning, some located within the city and others in adjacent towns. There are 35 grade schools, a parental school, two high schools, a school for defectives, 5 parochial schools, and 7 colleges and technical institutions. Gonzaga University is the largest Roman Catholic institution of its kind in the N. W. The city has over 300 manufacturing establishments, with an annual output valued at $75,000,000 and employing 12,000 people. Among the leading products are lumber, flour, breakfast foods, paper, brick, meats, iron, agricultural machinery, dairy products, cement, clothing, crackers, candy, extracts, and soap.
There is also a large jobbing and wholesale business. The city is the center of an important mining district. In 1919 there were 14 banks with a total capital of $4,325,000 and deposits of $53,220,725. There are many newspapers, over 140 churches, and a public library with 75,000 volumes. The fire and police departments are of the latest municipal models. There are hospitals and other public institutions. The growth of the city dates from 1881, when the Northern Pacific Railway was completed at this point. Pop. (1900) 36,848; (1910) 104,402; (1920) 104,437.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Springfield (Illinois)

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
SPRINGFIELD, a city, capital of the State of Illinois, and county-seat of Sangamon co.; on the Wabash, the Baltimore and Ohio Southwestern, the Chicago, Peoria, and St. Louis, the Chicago and Alton, the Illinois Central, the Cincinnati, Hamilton and Dayton, and the Illinois Traction railroads; 190 miles S. of Chicago. It contains the State capitol; court house; United States Government building; the governor's mansion; the former residence of President Lincoln; the Lincoln National Monument in Oak Ridge Cemetery; State fair grounds; State Military Park, etc. Here also are Concordia College (Luth.), Bettie Stuart Institute, St. Agatha's School (P. E.), State and other libraries, State
arsenal, the Wabash railroad and St. John's hospitals, street railroad and electric light plants, waterworks, National and other banks, and numerous daily, weekly, and monthly periodicals. The trade and industry of the city are greatly promoted by rich coal mines in the vicinity. Springfield is especially noted for the extensive manufactory of the Illinois Watch Company. It also has many large printing and publishing houses, textile works, planing mills, machine shops, boiler works, manufactories of soap, automobile tires, electric meters, brick, clothing, etc. The city was founded in 1819; became the county-seat in 1823; and received its city charter in 1840. It was made the capital of Illinois in 1837, and the Legislature convened here for the first time in 1839. Pop. (1910) 51,678; (1920) 59,183.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Spar

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​SPAR, in mineralogy, a term employed to include a great number of crystallized, earthy, and some metallic substances, which easily break into rhomboidal, cubical, or laminated fragments with polished surfaces, but without regard to the ingredients of which they are composed. Among miners the term spar is frequently used alone to express any bright crystalline substance.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Spielhagen, Friedrich

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
SPIELHAGEN, FRIEDRICH, a German novelist; born in Magdeburg, Feb. 24, 1829, but passed all his youth
at Stralsund. From the gymnasium there he proceeded in 1847 to the universities successively of Bonn, Berlin, and Greifswald, afterward settling at Leipsic in 1854 as a docent, at Hanover in 1859, and at Berlin in 1862, in the last two places till 1884 as a newspaper editor. His works, of which eight have been translated into English, are some 30 in number, in over 50 volumes, and include: “Klara Vere” (1857); “On the Dunes” (1858); “Enigmatical Natures” (1860); “The Von Hohensteins” (1863);
“Little Rose of the Court” (1864); “In Rank and File” (1866); “The Village Coquette” (1868); “Hammer and Anvil” (1868); “Ever Onward” (1872); “Ultimo” (1873); “The Freshet” (1876); “Quisisana” (1879-1880); “Angela” (1881); “Uhlenhans” (1884); “Noblesse Oblige” (1888); “A New Pharaoh” (1889); “Susi” (1895); and many dramatic works and much miscellany. He died in 1911.
FRIEDRICH SPIELHAGEN
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Springfield (Massachusetts)

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
SPRINGFIELD, a city and county-seat of Hampden co., Mass.; on the Connecticut river, and on the New York, New Haven, and Hartford, the Boston and Albany, and the Central of New England railroads; 99 miles W. of Boston. The city is noted for its beauty, being laid out with wide streets, and having many magnificent churches and residences. Here are a School for Christian Workers, public library, handsome court house, a fine group of municipal buildings, museums, International Y. M. C. A. College, hospitals, a United States armory and arsenal, United States Government building, street railroad and electric light plants, National and other banks, and numerous daily, weekly, and monthly periodicals. The industries include the manufacture of firearms, railway cars, knit goods, clothing, paper, envelopes, watches, boilers, engines, machinery, silverware, jewelry, skates, carriages, buttons, needles, toys, printed books, motor cycles, brass goods, woolen goods, chemicals, etc. Springfield was founded by William Pynchon with colonists from Roxbury in 1636. The Indians burned the town during King Philip's War in 1675. In Shay's rebellion in 1787 the United States arsenal was attacked. The city was incorporated in 1852. Pop. (1910) 88,926; (1920) 129,614.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Springfield (Missouri)

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
SPRINGFIELD, a city and county-seat of Green co., Mo.; on the St. Louis, Iron Mountain and Southern, and the St. Louis and San Francisco railroads; 130 miles S. of Jefferson City. It is on the summit of the Ozark Mountains in a rich lead and zinc section, and has a healthful climate. There are Drury College (Cong.), a normal school, high school. United States Government
building, street railroad and electric light plants, St. John's Hospital, National and Confederate cemeteries, National and State banks, and daily and weekly newspapers. It has two extensive railroad shops, wagon and carriage factories, a foundry and iron works, and other industrial plants. In the early part of the Civil War several battles occurred in the city and vicinity, in one of which (known as the battle of Wilson's Creek, Aug. 10, 1861), the Federal general, Nathaniel Lyon, was defeated and killed. Pop. (1910) 35,201; (1920) 39,631.
# Comparative Literature/Book 2

BOOK II.
CLAN LITERATURE.
# Comparative Literature/Book 3

BOOK III.
THE CITY COMMONWEALTH.
# Copyright Act 2021 (Commencement) Notification 2021

Layout 2
​First published in the Government Gazette, Electronic Edition, on 19 November 2021 at 5 pm.
COPYRIGHT ACT 2021 (ACT 22 OF 2021)
COPYRIGHT ACT 2021 (COMMENCEMENT) NOTIFICATION 2021
In exercise of the powers conferred by section 1(1) of the Copyright Act 2021, the Minister for Law makes the following Notification:
1. This Notification is the Copyright Act 2021 (Commencement) Notification 2021.
2. The Copyright Act 2021, except Division 2 of Part 9 and sections 501(2) and (3) and 507(4)(c) and (10), comes into operation on 21 November 2021.
Made on 15 November 2021.
LAI WEI LIN Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Law, Singapore.
This work is Singaporean legislation (Act of Parliament or subsidiary legislation), which is copyrighted in Singapore for 70 years after publication pursuant to
* sections 114(1) and 136(1)(b) of the Copyright Act 2021, or
* section 197(3)(b) of the repealed Copyright Act (Cap. 63, 2006 Rev. Ed.) for legislation published before 21 November 2021.
However, as an edict of a government, it is in the public domain in the U.S.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Copyright Act 2021 (Commencement) Notification 2023

Layout 2
​First published in the Government Gazette, Electronic Edition, on 31 October 2023 at 5 pm.
COPYRIGHT ACT 2021
COPYRIGHT ACT 2021 (COMMENCEMENT) NOTIFICATION 2023
In exercise of the powers conferred by section 1(2) of the Copyright Act 2021, the Minister for Law makes the following Notification:
1. This Notification is the Copyright Act 2021 (Commencement) Notification 2023.
2. Division 2 of Part 9 and section 507(4)(c) of the Copyright Act 2021 come into operation on 1 May 2024.
Made on 30 October 2023.
LUKE GOH Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Law, Singapore.
This work is Singaporean legislation (Act of Parliament or subsidiary legislation), which is copyrighted in Singapore for 70 years after publication pursuant to
* sections 114(1) and 136(1)(b) of the Copyright Act 2021, or
* section 197(3)(b) of the repealed Copyright Act (Cap. 63, 2006 Rev. Ed.) for legislation published before 21 November 2021.
However, as an edict of a government, it is in the public domain in the U.S.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Copyright Act 2021 (Commencement) Notification 2022

Layout 2
​First published in the Government Gazette, Electronic Edition, on 25 March 2022 at 5 pm.
COPYRIGHT ACT 2021
COPYRIGHT ACT 2021 (COMMENCEMENT) NOTIFICATION 2022
In exercise of the powers conferred by section 1(2) of the Copyright Act 2021, the Minister for Law makes the following Notification:
1. This Notification is the Copyright Act 2021 (Commencement) Notification 2022.
2. Sections 501(2) and (3) and 507(10) of the Copyright Act 2021 come into operation on 1 April 2022.
Made on 24 March 2022.
LAI WEI LIN Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Law, Singapore.
This work is Singaporean legislation (Act of Parliament or subsidiary legislation), which is copyrighted in Singapore for 70 years after publication pursuant to
* sections 114(1) and 136(1)(b) of the Copyright Act 2021, or
* section 197(3)(b) of the repealed Copyright Act (Cap. 63, 2006 Rev. Ed.) for legislation published before 21 November 2021.
However, as an edict of a government, it is in the public domain in the U.S.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Costantino v. City of Detroit (Michigan Court of Appeals)

Court of Appeals, State of Michigan
Order
Cheryl A Costantino v City of Detroit
Docket No. 355443
Docket No.LC No. 20-014780-AW
Michael J. Riordan Presiding Judge
Cynthia Diane Stephens
Anica Letica Judges
The motion for immediate consideration is granted.
The motion for peremptory reversal pursuant to MCR 7.211(C)(4) is denied for failure to persuade the Court of the existence of manifest error requiring reversal and warranting peremptory relief without argument or formal submission.
The application for leave to appeal is denied.
Presiding Judge
This work is in the public domain in the U.S. because it is an edict of a government, local or foreign. See § 313.6(C)(2) of the Compendium II: Copyright Office Practices. Such documents include "legislative enactments, judicial decisions, administrative rulings, public ordinances, or similar types of official legal materials" as well as "any translation prepared by a government employee acting within the course of his or her official duties."
These do not include works of the Organization of American States, United Nations, or any of the UN specialized agencies. See Compendium III § 313.6(C)(2) and 17 U.S.C. 104(b)(5).
A non-American governmental edict may still be copyrighted outside the U.S. Similar to {{PD-in-USGov}}, the above U.S. Copyright Office Practice does not prevent U.S. states or localities from holding copyright abroad, depending on foreign copyright laws and regulations.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Costas v. Insular Government of the Philippine Islands

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
221 U.S. 623
Costas v. Insular Government of the Philippine Islands
Argued: April 7, 1911. --- Decided: May 29, 1911
Messrs. Aldis B. Browne, W. A. Kincaid, Alexander Britton, J. H. Blount, and Evans Browne for Jover y Costas.
Assistant Attorney General Fowler for Insular Government et al.
Mr. Justice Van Devanter delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Costello v. Immigration and Naturalization Service

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Wikidata item.

## Dissenting Opinion

    White
United States Supreme Court
376 U.S. 120
Costello v. Immigration and Naturalization Service
Argued: Dec. 12, 1963. --- Decided: Feb 17, 1964
Edward Bennett Williams, Washington, D.C., for petitioner.
Wayne G. Barnett, Washington, D.C., for respondent.
Mr. Justice STEWART delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Costanza

* Costanza, in The New Monthly Magazine Volume 14, 1825.
* Costanza, in Records of Woman: with Other Poems (Records of Woman), 1828.
# Costanzo v. Tillinghast

United States Supreme Court
287 U.S. 341
Costanzo v. Tillinghast
Argued: Nov. 17-18, 1932. --- Decided: Dec 5, 1932
Mr. William H. Lewis, of Washington, D.C., for petitioner.
The Attorney General and Mr. Whitney North Seymour, of Washington, D.C., for respondent.
Mr. Justice ROBERTS delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Cunningham v. Rodgers

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
257 U.S. 466
Cunningham v. Rodgers
Argued: Oct. 17, 18, 1921. --- Decided: Jan 3, 1922
Messrs. Clinton Robb, George F. Curtis, and Leonard J. Mather, all of Washington, D. C., for plaintiff in error.
Mr. Wm. C. Herron, of Washington, D. C., for defendants in error.
Mr. Justice McREYNOLDS delivered the opinion of the court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Cuno Engineering Corporation v. Automatic Devices Corporation

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
314 U.S. 84
Cuno Engineering Corporation v. Automatic Devices Corporation
Argued: Oct. 22, 23, 1941. --- Decided: Nov 10, 1941
See 314 U.S. 587, 62 S.Ct. 476, 86 L.Ed. --.
Messrs. Robert Starr Allyn, of New York City, Carlton Hill, of Chicago, Ill., and Roberts B. Larson, of Washington, D.C., for petitioner.
Messrs. Drury W. Cooper, of New York City, Henry M. Huxley, of Chicago, Ill., and Thomas J. Byrne, of New York City, for respondent.
Mr. Justice DOUGLAS delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Cunnius v. Reading School District

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
198 U.S. 458
Cunnius v. Reading School District
Argued: March 6, 1905. --- Decided: May 29, 1905

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse