OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The New Student's Reference Work/Wyoming Valley

See also Wyoming Valley on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​ Wyoming Valley is a beautiful valley on Susquehanna River in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, inclosed by mountains. During the Revolutionary War 400 British troops, with 700 Indian allies, entered the valley, where there was a town of 2,000 inhabitants. Many of the defenders of the place were absent in the Continental army, and only 300 men could be gathered to meet the attack. After a desperate struggle, July 3, 1778, they were driven back to the fort, which surrendered on July 5, when the Indians indiscriminately massacred all who could not escape by flight. Campbell has preserved the story in his poem of Gertrude of Wyoming. It is now thought that Brant, the Mohawk chief, according to Campbell one of the chief actors, was not present at the attack. In 1843 a monument was erected on the battlefield. Consult Peck's Wyoming.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Worcester, Joseph Emerson

See also Joseph Emerson Worcester on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​ Worcester, Joseph Emerson, an American lexicographer, was born at Bedford, N. H., Aug. 24, 1784, and died at Cambridge, Mass., Oct. 27, 1865. In 1811 he graduated at Yale, and in his early career wrote several geographical and historical textbooks, together with one or two popular dictionaries. His chief work in lexicography, however, was the quarto Dictionary of the English Language, which first appeared in 1860 and met with much success.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Württemberg

See also Württemberg on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Württemberg, (vḗrt′tĕm-bẽrg), a kingdom of the German empire, is in the southern part of Germany, separated from Switzerland by Lake Constance. Its greatest length is 139 miles and its width 105, with an area of 7,534 square miles. The Black Forest is on the western border; and the Swabian Alps cross the country for 80 miles, dividing it into the valley of the Danube and the valley of the Neckar, which are the principal rivers. The climate is mild in the Neckar valley, but cold in the mountains. It is an agricultural country, with extensive orchards, gardens and vineyards; and the grains, hay and fruits are the main products. There is but little coal, but extensive peat-beds. Fire-clay, iron, salt, gypsum and tourmaline are found. In 1905 the value of the mineral products in the kingdom was 3,237,800 marks. The state railways in 1906 had a total length of 1,219 miles. There are manufactures of linen, woolen, cotton and silk goods. Beer-breweries and brandy-distilleries are numerous, and 215,500,000 bottles of beer have been used in a year in the country—125 bottles for each person. The government is a hereditary monarchy. In the empire Württemberg has four votes in the bundesrat or federal council and 17 representatives in the reichstag or congress. Education is compulsory, and there must be at least one school in every commune. Recent official reports show that there is no person in the kingdom over ten years old who cannot read and write. The educational system is completed by the University of Tübingen (q. v.), founded in 1477. Württemberg joined the German empire in 1871. The capital is Stuttgart (population 285,589). Population of Württemberg 2,435,611.
# The New Student's Reference Work/X-Ray

See also X-ray on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
X-Ray. See Roentgen Rays.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Work Done by our River Giant

WORK DONE BY OUR RIVER GIANT
Copyright, by Munn & Co., Inc. :
Our giant river system, the Mississippi, is a good farmer in some respects and a very thriftless one in others. The deposits it makes over the land in flood time furnish rich soil for crops, but it is constantly carrying away vast quantities of good farm land and pouring it into the Gulf. Sometimes, as in the spring of 1913, when several hundred people were drowned and thousands of homes swept away in the floods in Ohio and Indiana, it is still more troublesome. How to control this giant of ours, so that all its work will be useful, is one of the great problems which state and federal governments and the engineers are trying to solve. The building of the Panama Canal shows what gigantic tasks can be accomplished by working together along right lines. :
# The New Student's Reference Work/X

See also X on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
X (ĕks), the twenty-fourth letter, is a double consonant or, rather, a superfluous sign for the compound consonants gz and ks, as in exist, wax. X, when followed by an accented syllable beginning with a vowel, or when followed by silent h and an accented vowel, is gz, as in exalt, exhort. But in a few exceptions to this rule and in other words x is ks, as in exar'chate, excellent. X at the beginning of words has the sound of z, as in xebec, and in some compounds keeps the z sound, as in meta-xylene. Final x always is ks, as in ax.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Worcester, Dean Conant

See also Dean Conant Worcester on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​ Worcester, Dean Conant, assistant-professor of zoölogy in the University of Michigan and member of the Philippines Commission of 1900, was born at Thetford, Vt., Oct. 1, 1866, and graduated from the University of Michigan in 1889. In 1887 and in 1890 he was a member of the Steere and of the Menage Scientific Expedition to the Philippines, in both of which he studied their fauna and other scientific features of the islands, as also the existing conditions of the people. In 1900 he was appointed a member of the United States Philippines Commission, and wrote The Philippines and Their People. In 1893 he was named instructor, and in 1895 assistant-professor of zoölogy and curator of the zoölogical museum at the University of Michigan.
# The Pacific Monthly/Volume 14/Impressions

A regular column by Charles Erskine Scott Wood
* Number 1
* Number 2
* Number 3
* Number 4
* Number 5
* Number 6
# The Pacific Monthly/Volume 14/Number 3/Impressions

​By CHARLES ERSKINE SCOTT WOOD
Wnat IS called envy is generally the instinct for justice
I believe no right-minded person who has read even a little of those- Pirates very fragmentary reports which we name History, would object to-
being called "Pirate." Kidd, Morgan and Blackbeard were unlovely characters of freebooting propensities, thus the w'ord usually implies some reproach, though the same freebooting acts done under cover of law raise men to eminence. On the other hand, Admiral John Paul Jones, whose mere bones have been brought to this country today in a sort of idolatry, better given to his name than to his bones, was- called a "Pirate." Sir Francis Drake was called a "Pirate" by the Spanish, but to- Queen Elizabeth he was her Incomparable Admiral.
Traitor too, is a hard term. Yet, George Washington was branded with it. As^ for rebel — why, the rebels of the world are such a host that I cannot even hint at them. Oliver Cromwell and Benjamin Franklin are mere examples. John Brown was- hung by due process of law for a rebel and a rioter, a leader of a mob. Today, it is- said, his soul is marching on.
The Press and Odessa Mutiny
Pirate, traitor, rebel, and such like words, depend on time and cir- cumstances whether they be of praise or reproach. But I was sur- prised to see the very general tone of hatred which ran through our press in comments on the uprising m Odessa, and the mutiny of the Kniaz Potemkin, There is no objection to the use of the words "mutiny" or "rebellion" — they simply describe the fact of a revolt against organized authority. They mark an effort to over- throw tyranny and to arrive at justice. We of English blood ought to set up altars at Runny- mede, Marston Moor and Bunker Hill to the worship of Rebellion and Mutiny; by them we have inherited all that makes life worth living and by them others in other lands' and our children shall inherit more and more freedom.
Russian Patriots
When I think of Russia's despotism, her salt mines and Siberian wastes,, her voiceless dungeons under the Neva, her peasantry treated like cattle, Omiltchuck shot down in c old blood because he dared to voice a plea for food, artisans and shopkeepers of Odessa mow^ed down by machine guns, plighted word broken, and men who had surrendered on the faith marched out in squads of fifty and shot to death, insolent Grand Dukes and feudal aristocracy repeating the old tyrannies of France, I wonder at our intelligent journalistic headlines — ' ' The Pirates Forced to Sur- render; Fifty of the Ring Leaders Shot. More of the Rebels to Be Executed as an Exam- ple." "Machine Guns and Cossacks mowing down the mob of rebels in Odessa. Quiet will soon be restored. ' '
The quiet of the graveyard!
Now, for myself, I would have called all these people patriots, long suffering martyrs. But that is what today's "Pirates" and "Rebels" will mean in after times, and the in- telligent journalist will still discover them.
Only out of change comes progress. Only out of revolt comes freedom.
# The Pacific Monthly/Volume 14/Columbia River Scenery

Columbia River Scenery
THERE are many regions in this Western wonderland that defy the word painter and even the brush of the skilled artist. In this respect no section stands out more conspicuously than that part of the Columbia River between the mouth of the Willamette and the city of The Dalles.
The ruins of little castles of feudal barons perched upon the rocky points of the Rhine have no counterpart along the Columbia, nor is pastoral scenery to be observed. Nature, wild and untamed by the hand of man, still rules supreme over the passage of a great river through a great mountain range, presenting landscapes of imposing grandeur and beauty.
Great forces have moved and have produced great results. There is the broad expanse and reach of water, the rugged, towering mountains, thousands of feet high and reaching far into the clouds. Well known forms of vertical escarpements and conical pinnacles peculiar to basaltic formation crown the successive heights to the very mountain tops. Slender ribbon-like falls hang lightly from the brow of a sheer precipice or dash in foam down some rocky gulch, and the morning mists that linger on the wooded peaks veil in mystery the beauty beyond. One's desire to possess and perpetuate some scene of beauty becomes irresistible, when, out comes the camera—snap—and the thing is done! Of this long passage between The Dalles and Vancouver, a well-known artist has said that the scenes of interest and beauty would furnish a lifetime of sketching. The eight views presented herewith are the second in the new series of Columbia River views taken by Mrs. Sarah H. Ladd, the first having appeared in the January, 1905, number.
From a Photo by Sarah H. Ladd
The Pallisades of the Columbia
From a Photo by Sarah H. Ladd
After the Storm
From a Photo by Sarah H. Ladd
Morning Mists—Looking Down the River
Mt. Hood
From a Photo by Sarah H. Ladd
Part of the Famous Gorge
A Rugged Bank on the Upper Columbia
From a Photo by Sarah H. Ladd
From a Photo by Miss Maud Ainsworth
St. Peter's Dome
On the Columbia River Near the Cascades
From a Photo by Sarah H. Ladd
An Early Morning Scene Above Vancouver
From a Photo by Sarah H. Ladd
A Fish Wheel is Shown at the Right Extending from Island near the Middle of the River. The Scene is Below the Cascades
From a Photo by Sarah H. Ladd
A Stormy Day
# The Pacific Monthly/Volume 14/The Columbia River Jetty

THE COLUMBIA RIVER JETTY
By Kathryne Wilson
   Editor's Note.—The public improvement most urgently demanded on the Pacific Coast to-day is the opening of the Columbia River to any ship that floats. The cry is for a forty-foot channel over the bar at the mouth. This can be obtained effectively only by a system of jetties which break the current and the force of the waves along the shore, giving the river an opportunity to scoop out a channel for itself through the sand accumulated at its mouth. The present interest in pushing the work already well along has been aroused in the people of Portland by James J. Hill, president of the Great Northern Railway, who said at a dinner given in his honor at the Lewis and Clark Exposition, that he would send a fleet of vessels up the Columbia when there was a channel there of forty feet. Mr. Hill's interest is real, for he can only get the most out of the railroad he is building down the north bank of the Columbia River by having it connect with his own boats in the Oriental trade.
FOR twenty-three miles on either side the mouth of the Columhia Eiver the ocean beach, bed and spits are of exceedingly fine sand, readily susceptible to the shifting action of winds, currents, surf, tides and the flow of the river. In another locality, this fact might not be especially significant, but at this particular spot it means much, for the Pacific Ocean is a violently turbulent body of water, agitated
What Causes the Bar
for many days at a time by the heaviest and severest of storms, which, coming largely from the southwest in the winter, are accompanied by extremely heavy seas, probably equaled on few of the coasts of the world. In fact, the sea that is rated "smooth" by coast pilots here, is rougher than that of the Atlantic under half-gale conditions. The lighter summer winds from the northwest, on the other hand, usually degener-
Hoisting rock upon flat cars. ​Page:The Pacific Monthly vol. 14.djvu/750 ​Page:The Pacific Monthly vol. 14.djvu/751 ​Page:The Pacific Monthly vol. 14.djvu/752 ​Page:The Pacific Monthly vol. 14.djvu/753
# The New Student's Reference Work/Heartwood

See also Wood#Heartwood and sapwood on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Heart′wood. As the trunks of trees increase in diameter, new layers of wood are laid down each year upon the outside of the older wood. As the ascending sap moves along through the newer wood, it gradually abandons the older, more interior wood. This wood gradually changes in character the most obvious feature usually being a change in color. The color of the heartwood differs in different trees, and gives the characteristic appearance to the various kinds of lumber. For example, walnut, oak or cherry lumber is recognized by and valued for the characteristic color of the heartwood of each.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Hecuba

See also Hecuba on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Hecuba, (hekʹū-bä), the second wife of Priam, king of Troy. During the Trojan War she saw her husband and all but one of her sons killed. After the fall of Troy she fell into the hands of the Greeks as a slave, and, after suffering inhuman cruelties, threw herself into the sea. On this story Euripides founded one of his great tragedies, Hecuba.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Helena

See also Helena, Montana on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Hel′ena, the capital of Montana, also is the county seat of Lewis and Clarke County. It is situated among the foothills of the Prickly Pear valley, near the base of the Rocky Mountains, about 14 miles from the Missouri River and 70 northeast of Butte. The surrounding country is both mineral and agricultural, and the city is principally made up of homes of cattlemen and miners. It is well-built, having good hotels and public buildings, chief among these being the government building, the state capitol and the county courthouse. Helena has excellent parish and public school systems, a high school costing $150,000, the Montana Wesleyan University, Saint Vincent's Academy and state and city libraries. There are several fine churches, Saint John's Hospital and St. Joseph's Orphanage. Marysville is the name of the largest mining-camp near the city, and four miles from Helena is the smelter of the American Smelting and Refining Company. The Missouri River Power Co., located on the river of this name, 12 miles from Helena, furnishes the city with electrical power for lighting, car-service and manufacturing. It has the service of the Northern Pacific and Great Northern railways. Population 12,515.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Heintzelman, Samuel Peter

See also Samuel P. Heintzelman on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Heintzelman (hīnt′sel-män), Samuel Peter, was born in Pennsylvania, Sept. 30, 1805; and died at Washington, D. C., May 1, 1880. He was a graduate of the United States Military Academy. He began his fighting career against the Indians, then served in the Mexican and Civil Wars, participating in the battles of Bull Run and Williamsburg and the siege of Richmond. He was retired in February, 1869, with the rank of major-general, by a special act of Congress.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Helicon

See also Mount Helicon on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Helicon (hĕl′ĭ-kŏn), a mountain-range situated in the southwest of Bœotia. In ancient Greece it was the fabled resort of the Muses. The poet Hesiod lived at its foot, and on its slopes were the two fountains whose waters were held to give inspiration to the poet.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Heligoland

See also Heligoland on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Heligoland is a small island about a mile long and one third of a mile wide, situated in the North Sea and belonging to Germany. It is peopled by 2,080 permanent residents, but is a great summer-resort. Its people live from the lobster-fisheries and from summer visitors. The island was conquered from the Danes in 1807 by Great Britain, and ceded to Germany in 1890. Since 1891 Heligoland has been attached to Schleswig-Holstein. See Black's Heligoland.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Hegira

See also Hijra (Islam) on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Hegira (hej′ī-rä), Hejra or Hijra is an Arabic word meaning going away, and is commonly applied to the flight of Mohammed from Mecca, June 20, 622 A. D.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Heidelberg

See also Heidelberg on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Heidelberg, (hī′del-bĕrg′), an ancient city of Baden, Germany. It lies 380 feet above sea-level, at the base of the Königsstuhl, 1,863 feet high, on the left bank of the Neckar. The city is celebrated for its university, founded by Rupert I in 1386, which flourished up to the era of the Thirty Years' War, when it declined until its restoration in 1802. It has courses in philosophy, law, medicine and theology, about 148 professors and 1,922 students. The library contains over 500,000 volumes and 4,700 manuscripts. Many of Germany's most famous scholars studied here. The city suffered by the Thirty Years' War: was taken by the French in 1689; and almost destroyed by them in 1693. Population 56,010.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Heine, Heinrich

See also Heinrich Heine on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Heine (hī′ne), Heinrich, was born of Jewish parents, at Düsseldorf, Germany, Dec. 13, 1799. At 16 he was sent to Frankfort to learn banking, but soon gave it up to commence trading on his own account, but failed. He studied law at the universities of Bonn, Berlin and Göttingen. In 1821 he brought out his first volume of Sayings. But the world only became aware that a poet of the first rank had risen, when in 1826 there appeared the first volume of Travel-Pictures. The Book of Songs was published next year, and caused the greatest excitement. These two works are Heine's masterpieces. His songs have the freshness and melody of a skylark's note. His being baptized a Christian in 1825 cost him the friendship of the stricter Jews, and his outspokenness in regard to the governments of the day kept him from obtaining a government office. His relatives were shrewd business men, who could see no virtue in being a poet, and the public censor condemned Heine's poems. So, dissatisfied with Germany, the poet went to Paris, where Thiers became his patron and the chief men then living at the capital his comrades. He at once turned from poetry to politics, playing the role of leader of the people. Heine was always an Ishmael, both in poetry and in politics — he would fight under nobody's flag but his own. In his writings he said many bitter things, and was always in hot water, but his love for men was warm and deep. He died at Paris, Feb. 17, 1856. See his Life by W. Sharp.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Helen of Troy

See also Helen of Troy on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Hel′en of Troy, one of the most beautiful women of ancient history. She was the daughter of Zeus and Leda and wife of the Spartan king, Menelaus. She was carried off by Theseus at the age of ten, but was recovered by her brothers, Castor and Pollux. Among all the Greek princes who paid her court, she chose Menelaus. Then Paris, the son of Priam of Troy, carried her off, and Menelaus, gathering all the Greeks about him, began the ten years' Trojan War. Upon the death of Paris she was married to his brother, Deiphobus, but betrayed him to Menelaus and returned with her husband to Sparta. Helen is the subject of story and poem by Vergil, Homer, Pausanias, Euripides and Goethe. See Dream of Fair Women by Tennyson and Helen of Troy, poem and essay by Lang.
# The Poems and Prose Remains of Arthur Hugh Clough/Volume 2/The Hidden Love

THE HIDDEN LOVE.
O let me love my love unto myself alone, And know my knowledge to the world unknown; No witness to my vision call, Beholding, unbeheld of all; And worship Thee, with Thee withdrawn apart, Whoe'er, Whate'er Thou art, Within the closest veil of mine own inmost heart.
What is it then to me If others are inquisitive to see? Why should I quit my place to go and ask If other men are working at their task? Leave my own buried roots to go And see that brother plants shall grow; And turn away from Thee, O Thou most Holy Light, To look if other orbs their orbits keep aright, Around their proper sun, Deserting Thee, and being undone.
O let me love my love unto myself alone, And know my knowledge to the world unknown; And worship Thee, O hid One, O much sought, As but man can or ought, Within the abstracted'st shrine of my least breathed-on thought.
Better it were, thou sayest, to consent; Feast while we may, and live ere life be spent; Close up clear eyes, and call the unstable sure, The unlovely lovely, and the filthy pure; In self-belyings, self-deceivings roll, And lose in Action, Passion, Talk, the soul.
Nay, better far to mark off thus much air, And call it Heaven: place bliss and glory there; Fix perfect homes in the unsubstantial sky, And say, what is not, will be by-and-bye.
# The Poems and Prose Remains of Arthur Hugh Clough/Volume 2/The Questioning Spirit

THE QUESTIONING SPIRIT.
# The Poems and Prose Remains of Arthur Hugh Clough/Volume 2/Shadow and Light

SHADOW AND LIGHT.
Cease, empty Faith, the Spectrum saith, I was, and lo, have been; I, God, am nought: a shade of thought, Which, but by darkness seen, Upon the unknown yourselves have thrown, Placed it and light between.
At morning's birth on darkened earth, And as the evening sinks, Awfully vast abroad is cast The lengthened form that shrinks And shuns the sight in midday light, And underneath you slinks.
From barren strands of wintry lands Across the seas of time, Borne onward fast ye touch at last An equatorial clime;
In equatorial noon sublime At zenith stands the sun, And lo, around, far, near, are found Yourselves, and Shadow none.
A moment! yea! but when the day At length was perfect day! A moment! so! and light we know With dark exchanges aye,
Nor morn nor eve shall shadow leave Your sunny paths secure, And in your sight that orb of light Shall humbler orbs obscure.
And yet withal, 'tis shadow all Whate'er your fancies dream, And I (misdeemed) that was, that seemed, Am not, whate'er I seem.
# The Poems and Prose Remains of Arthur Hugh Clough/Volume 2/The Latest Decalogue

THE LATEST DECALOGUE.
# The Poems and Prose Remains of Arthur Hugh Clough/Volume 2/Sehnsucht

SEHNSUCHT.