# Pre-natal Diagnostic Techniques (Regulation and Prevention of Misuse) Act (India) 1994

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THE PRE-NATAL DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES (REGULATION AND PREVENTION OF MISUSE) ACT, 1994
ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS
CHAPTER I
Preliminary
Sections
1. Short title, extent and commencement.
2. Definitions.
CHAPTER II
Regulation of Genetic Counselling Centres, Genetic Laboratories and Genetic Clinics
3. Regulation of Genetic Counselling Centres, Genetic Laboratories and Genetic Clinics.
CHAPTER III
Regulation of pre-natal diagnostic techniques
4. Regulation of pre-natal diagnostic techniques.
5. Written consent of pregnant woman and prohibition of communicating the sex of foetus.
6. Determination of sex prohibited.
CHAPTER IV
Central Supervisory Board
7. Constitution of Central Supervisory Board.
8. Term of office of members.
9. Meetings of the Board.
10. Vacancies, etc., not to invalidate proceedings of the Board.
11. Temporary association of persons with the Board for particular purposes.
12. Appointment of officers and other employees of the Board.
13. Authentication of orders and other instruments of the Board.
14. Disqualifications for appointment as member.
15. Eligibility of member for re-appointment.
CHAPTER V
Appropriate Authority and Advisory Committee
17. Appropriate Authority and Advisory Committee.
CHAPTER VI
Registration of Genetic Counselling Centres, Genetic Laboratories and Genetic Clinics
18. Registration of Genetic Counselling Centres, Genetic Laboratories or Genetic Clinics.
19. Certificate of registration.
20. Cancellation or suspension of registration.
21. Appeal.
CHAPTER VII
Offences and penalties
22. Prohibition of advertisement relating to pre-natal determination of sex and punishment for contravention.
23. Offences and penalties.
24. Presumption in the case of conduct of pre-natal diagnostic techniques.
25. Penalty for contravention of the provisions of the Act or rules for which no specific punishment is provided.
26. Offences by companies.
27. Offence to be cognizable, non-bailable and non-compoundable.
28. Cognizance of offences.
CHAPTER VIII
Miscellaneous
29. Maintenance of records.
30. Power to search and seize records, etc.
31. Protection of action taken in good faith.
32. Power to make rules.
33. Power to make regulations.
34. Rules and regulations to be laid before Parliament.
THE PRE-NATAL DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES (REGULATION AND PREVENTION OF MISUSE) ACT, 1994
No. 57 OF 1994
[20th September, 1994.]
An Act to provide for the regulation of the use of pre-natal diagnostic techniques for the purpose of detecting genetic or metabolic disorders or chromosomal abnormalities or certain congenital malformations or sex linked disorders and for the prevention of the misuse of such techniques for the purpose of pre-natal sex determination leading to female foeticide; and, for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto.
Be it enacted by Parliament in the Forty-fifth Year of the Republic of India as follows:–
CHAPTER I
Preliminary
1. (1) This Act may be called the Pre-natal Diagnostic Techniques (Regulation and Prevention of Misuse) Act, 1994.
(2) It shall extend to the whole of India except the State of Jammu and Kashmir.
(3) It shall come into force on such date as the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, appoint.
2. In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires,—
(a) “Appropriate Authority” means the Appropriate Authority appointed under section 17;
(b) “Board” means the Central Supervisory Board constituted under section 7;
(c) “Genetic Counselling Centre” means an institute, hospital, nursing home or any place, by whatever name called, which provides for genetic counselling to patients;
(d) “Genetic Clinic” means a clinic, institute, hospitdly nursing home or any place, by whatever name called, which is used for conducting pre-natal diagnostic procedures;
(e) “Genetic Laboratory” means a laboratory, and includes a place where facilities are provided for conducting analysis or tests of samples received from Genetic Clinic for pre-natal diagnostic test;
​(f) “gynaecologist” means a person who possesses a post-graduate qualification in gynaecology and obstetrics;
(g) “medical geneticist” means a person who possesses a degree or diploma or certificate in medical genetics in the field of pre-natal diagnostic techniques or has experience of not less than two years in such field alter obtaining– 102 of 1956. (i) any; one of the medical qualifications recognised under the Indian Medical Council Act, 1956; or
(ii) a post-graduate degree in biological sciences;
(h) “paediatrician” means a person who possesses a post-graduate qualification in paediatrics;
(i) “pre-natal diagnostic procedures” means all gynaecological or obstetrical or medical procedures such as ultrasonography foetoscopy, taking or removing samples of amniotic fluid, chorionic villi, blood or any tissue of a pregnant woman for being sent to a Genetic Laboratory or Genetic Clinic for conducting pre-natal diagnostic test;
(j) “pre-natal diagnostic techniques” includes all pre-natal diagnostic procedures and pre-natal diagnostic tests;
(k) “pre-natal diagnostic test” means ultrasonography or any test or analysis of amniotic fluid, chorionic villi, blood or any tissue of a pregnant woman conducted to detect genetic or metabolic disorders or chromosomal abnormalities or congenital anomalies or haemogtobinopathies or sex-linked diseases;
(l) “prescribed” means prescribed by rules made under this Act; 102 of 1956. (m) “registered medical practitioner” means a medical practitioner who possesses any recognised medical qualification as defined in clause (h) of section 2 of the Indian Medical Council Act, 1956, and whose name has been entered in a State Medical Register;
(n) “regulations” means regulations framed by the Board under this Act.
CHAPTER II
Regulation of Genetic Counselling Centres, Genetic Laboratories and Genetic Clinics
Regula- tion of Genetic Counsel- ling Centres, Genetic Labora- tories and Genetic Clinics. 3. On and from the commencement of this Act,–
(1) no Genetic Counselling Centre, Genetic Laboratory or Genetic Clinic unless registered under this Act, shall conduct or associate with, or help in, conducting activities relating to pre-natal diagnostic techniques;
(2) no Genetic Counselling Centre, Genetic Laboratory or Genetic Clinic shall employ or cause to be employed any person who does not possess the prescribed qualifications;
(3) so medical geneticist, gynaecologist, paediatrician, registered Medical practitioner or any other person shall conduct or cause to be conducted or aid in conducting by himself or through any other person, any pre-natal diagnostic techniques at a place other than at place registered under this Act.
CHAPTER III
Regulation of pre-natal diagnostic techniques
Regulation of pre-na- tal dia- gnostic techniques. 4. On and from the commencement of this Act,–
(1) no place including a registered Genetic Counselling Centre or Genetic Laboratory or Genetic Clinic shad be used or caused to be used by any person for conducting pre-natal diagnostic techniques except £or the purposes specified in clause (2) and after satisfying any of the conditions specified in clause (3);
(2) no pre-natal diagnostic techniques shall he conducted except for the purposes of detection of any of the folio wing abnormalities, namely:–
(i) chromosomal abnormalities;
(ii) genetic metabolic diseases;
(iii) haemoglobinopathies;
(iv) sex-linked genetic diseases;
(v) congenital anomalies;
(vi) any other abnormalities or diseases as may be specified by the Central Supervisory Board;
(3) no pre-natal diagnostic techniques shall be used or conducted unless the person qualified to do so is satisfied that any of the following conditions are fulfilled, namely:–
(i) age of the pregnant woman is above thirty-five years;
(ii) the pregnant woman has undergone of two or more spontaneous abortions or foetal loss;
(iii) the pregnant woman had been exposed to potentially teratogenic agents such as drugs, radiation, infection or chemicals;
(iv) the pregnant woman has a family history of mental retardation or physical deformities such as spasticity or any other genetic disease;
(v) any other condition as may be specified by the Central Supervisory Board;
(4) no person, being a relative or the husband of the pregnant woman shall seek or encourage the conduct of any pre-natal diagnostic techniques on her except for the purpose specified in clause (2). Written consent of pregnant woman and prohibition of commu- nicating the sex of foetus. 5. (1) No person referred to in clause (2) of section 3 shall conduct the pre-natal diagnostic procedures unless–
(a) he has explained all known side and after effects of such procedures to the pregnant woman concerned;
(b) he has obtained in the prescribed form her written consent to undergo such procedures in the language which she understands; and
​(c) a copy of her written consent obtained under clause (b) is given to the pregnant woman.
(2) No person conducting pre-natal diagnostic procedures shall communicate to the pregnant woman concerned or her relatives the sex of the foetus by words, signs or in any other manner.
6. On and from the commencement of this Act,– Determi- nation of sex pro- nibited. (a) no Genetic Counselling Centre or Genetic Laboratory or Genetic Clinic shall conduct or cause to be conducted in its Centre, Laboratory or Clinic, pre-natal diagnostic techniques including ultrasonography, for the purpose of determining the sex of a foetus;
(b) no person shall conduct or cause to be conducted any pre-natal diagnostic techniques including ultrasonography for the purpose of determining the sex of a foetus.
CHAPTER IV
Central Supervisory Board
Constitu- tion of Central Supervi- sory Board. 7. (1) The Central Government shall constitute a Board to be known as the Central Supervisory Board to exercise the powers and perform the functions conferred on the Board under this Act.
(2) The Board shall consist of–
(a) the Minister in charge of the Ministry or Department of Family Welfare, who shall be the Chairman, ex officio;
(b) the Secretary to the Government of India in charge of the Department of Family Welfare, who shall be the Vice-Chairman, ex officio;
(c) two members to be appointed by the Central Government to represent the Ministries of Central Government in charge of woman and Child Development and of Law and Justice, ex officio;
(d) the Director General of Health Services of the Central Government, ex officio;
(e) ten members to be appointed by the Central Government, two each from amongst–
(i) eminent medical geneticists;
(ii) eminent gynaecologists and obstetricians;
(iii) eminent paediatricians;
(iv) eminent social scientists; and
(v) representatives of women welfare organisations;
(f) three women Members of Parliament, of whom two shall be elected by the House of the People and one by the Council of States;
(g) four members to be appointed by the Central Government by rotation to represent the States and the Union territories, two in the alphabetical order and two in the reverse alphabetical order;
​Provided that no appointment under this clause shall be made except on the recommendation of the State Government or, as the case may be, the Union territory;
(h) an officer, not below the rank of a Joint Secretary or equivalent of the Central Government, in charge of Family Welfare, who shall be the Member-Secretary, ex officio. Term of office of members. 8. (1) The term of office of a member, other than an ex officio member, shall be,–
(a) in case of appointment under clause (e) or clause (f) of sub-section (2) of section 7, three years; and
(b) in case of appointment under clause (g) of the said sub-section, one year.
(2) If a casual vacancy occurs in the office of any other members, whether by reason of his death, resignation or inability to discharge his functions owing to illness or other incapacity, such vacancy shall be filled by the Central Government by making a fresh appointment and the member so appointed shall hold office for the remainder of the term of office of the person in whose place he is so appointed.
(3) The Vice-chairman shall perform such functions as may be assigned to him by the Chairman from time to time.
(4) The procedure to be followed by the members in the discharge of their functions shall be such as may be prescribed. Meetings of the Board. 9. (1) The Board shall meet at such time and place, and shall observe such rules of procedure in regard to the transaction of business at its meetings (including the quorum at such meetings) as may be provided by regulations:
Provided that the Board shall meet at least once in six months.
(2) The Chairman and in his absence the Vice-Chairman shall preside at the meetings of the Board.
(3) If for any reason the Chairman or the Vice-Chairman is unable to attend any meeting of the Board, any other member chosen by the members present at the meeting shall preside at the meeting.
(4) All questions which come up before any meeting of the Board shall be decided by a majority of the votes of the members present and voting, and in the event of an equality of votes, the Chairman, or in his absence, the person presiding, shall have and exercise a second or casting vote.
(5) Members other than ex officio members shall receive such allowances, if any, from the Board as may be prescribed. Vacancies, etc., not to invalidate proceed- ings of the Board. 10. No act or proceeding of the Board shall be invalid merely by reason of–
(a) any vacancy in, or any defect in the constitution of the Board; or
(b) any defect in the appointment of a person acting as a member of the Board; or
​(c) any irregularity in the procedure of the Board not affecting the merits of the case. Tempo- rary asso- ciation of persons with the Board for particular purposes. 11. (1) The Board may associate with itself, in such manner and for such purposes as may be determined by regulations, any person whose assistance or advice it may desire in carrying out any of the provisions of this Act.
(2) A person associated with it by the Board under sub-section (1) for any purpose shall have a right to take part in the discussions relevant to that purpose, but shall not have a right to vote at a meeting of the Board and shall not be a member for any other purpose.
12. (1) For the purpose of enabling it efficiently to discharge its functions under this Act, the Board may, subject to such regulations as may be made in this bahalf, appoint (whether on deputation or otherwise) such number of officers and other employees as it may consider necessary:
Provided that the appointment of such category of officers, as may be specified in such regulations, shall be subject to the approval of the Central Government.
(2) Every officer or other employee appointed by the Board shall be subject to such conditions of service and shall be entitled to such remuneration as may be specified in the regulations. Authentica- tion of orders and other in- struments of the Board. 13. All orders and decisions of the Board shall be authenticated by the signature of the Chairman or any other member authorised by the Board in this behalf, and all other instruments issued by the Board shall be authenticated by the signature of the Member-Secretary or any other officer of the Board authorised in like manner in this behalf. Disqualifi- cations for appoint- ment as member. 14. A person shall be disqualified for being appointed as a member if, he–
(a) has been convicted and sentenced to imprisonment for an offence which, in the opinion of the Central Government, involves moral turpitude; or
(b) is an undischarged insolvent; or
(c) is of unsound mind and stands so declared by a competent court; or
(d) has been removed or dismissed from the service of the Government or a Corporation owned or controlled by the Government; or
(e) has, in the opinion of the Central Government, such financial or other interest in the Board as is likely to affect prejudicially the discharge by him of his functions as a member; or
(f) has, in the opinion of the Central Government, been associated with the use or promotion of prenatal diagnostic technique for determination of sex.
​Eligibility of member for re- appoint- ment. 15. Subject to the other terms and conditions of service as may be prescribed, any person ceasing to be a member shall be eligible far reappointment as such member. Func- tions of the Board. 16. The Board shall have the following functions, namely:–
(i) to advise the Government on policy matters relating to use of pre-natal diagnostic techniques;
(ii) to review implementation of the Act and the rules made, thereunder and recommend changes in the said Act and rules to the Central Government;
(iii) to create public awareness against the practice of pre-natal determination of sex and female foeticide;
(iv) to lay down code of conduct to be observed by persons working at Genetic Counselling Centres, Genetic Laboratories and Genetic Clinics;
(v) any other functions as may be specified tinder the Act.
CHAPTER V
Appropriate Authority and Advisory Committee
Appro- priate Autho- rity and Adviory Committee. 17. (1) The Central Government shall appoint, by notification in the Official Gazette, one or more Appropriate Authorities for each of the Union territories for the purposes, of this Act.
(2) The State Government shall appoint, by notification in the Official Gazette, one or more Appropriate Authorities for the whole or part of the State for the purposes of this Act having regard to the intensity of the problem of pre-natal sex determination leading to female foeticide.
(3) The officers appointed as Appropriate Authorities under sub-section (1) or sub-section (2) shall be,–
(a) when appointed for the whole of the State or the Union territory, of or above the rank of the Joint Director of Health and Family Welfare; and
(b) when appointed for any part of the State or the Union territory, of such other rank as the State Government or the Central Government, as the case may be, may deem fit.
(4) The Appropriate Authority shall have the following functions, namely:– (a) to grant, suspend or cancel registration of a Genetic Counselling Centre, Genetic Laboratory or Genetic Clinic;
(b) to enforce standards prescribed for the Genetic Counselling Centre, Genetic Laboratory and Genetic Clinic;
(c) to investigate complaints of breach of the provisions of this Act or the rules made thereunder and take immediate action; and
​(d) to seek and consider the advice of the Advisory Committee, constituted under sub-section (5), on application for registration and on complaints for suspension or cancellation of registration.
(5) The Central Government or the State Government, as the case may be, shall constitute an Advisory Committee for each Appropriate Authority to aid and advise the Appropriate Authority in the discharge, of its functions, and shall appoint one of the members of the Advisory Committee to he its Chairman.
(6) The Advisory Committee shall consist of–
(a) three medical experts from amongst gynaecologists, obstericians, paediatricians and medical geneticists;
(b) one legal expert;
(c) one officer to represent the department dealing with information and publicity of the State Government or the Union territory, as the case may be;
(d) three eminent social workers of whom not less than one shall he from amongst representatives of women’s organisations.
(7) No person who, in the opinion of the Central Government or the State Government, as the case may be, has beep associated with the use or promotion of pre-natal diagnostic technique for determination of sex shall be appointed as a member of the Advisory Committee.
(8) The Advisory Committee may meet as and when it thinks fit or on the request of the Appropriate Authority for consideration of any application for registration or any complaint for suspension or cancellation of registration and to give advice thereon:
Provided that the period intervening between any two meetings shall not exceed the prescribed period.
(9) The terms and conditions subject to which a person may be appointed to the Advisory Committee and the procedure to be followed by such Committee in the discharge of its functions shall be such as may be prescribed.
CHAPTER VI
Registration of Genetic Counselling Centres, Genetic Laboratories and Genetic Clinics
Registration of Genetic Counselling Centres, Genetic Laboratories or Genetic Clinics. 18. (1) No person shall open any Genetic Counselling Centre, Genetic Laboratory or Genetic Clinic after the commencement of this Act unless such Centre, Laboratory or Clinic is duly registered separately or jointly under this Act.
(2) Every application for registration under sub-section (1), shall be made to the Appropriate Authority in such form and in such manner and shall be accompanied by such fees as may be prescribed.
(3) Every Genetic Counselling Centre, Genetic Laboratory or Genetic Clinic engaged, either partly or exclusively, in counselling, or conducting pre-natal diagnostic techniques for any of the purposes mentioned in ​section 4, immediately before the commencement of this Act, shall apply for registration within sixty days from the date of such commencement.
(4) Subject to the provisions of section 6, every Genetic Counselling Centre, Genetic Laboratory or Genetic Clinic engaged in counselling or conducting pre-natal diagnostic techniques shall cease to conduct any such counselling or technique on the expiry of six months from the date of commencement of this Act unless such Centre, Laboratory or Clinic has applied for registration and is so registered separately or jointly or till such application is disposed of, whichever is earlier.
(5) No Genetic Counselling Centre, Genetic Laboratory or Genetic Clinic shall be registered under this Act unless the Appropriate Authority is satisfied that such Centre, Laboratory or Clinic is in a position to provide such facilities, maintain such equipment and standards as may be prescribed. Certificate of regis- tration. 19. (1) The Appropriate Authority shall, after holding an inquiry and after satisfying itself that the applicant has complied with all the requirements of this Act and the rules made thereunder and having regard to the advice of the Advisory Committee in this behalf, grant a certificate of registration in the prescribed form jointly or separately to the Genetic Counselling Centre, Genetic Laboratory or Genetic Clinic, as the case may be.
(2) If, after the inquiry and after giving an opportunity of being heard to the applicant and having regard to the advice of the Advisory Committee, the Appropriate Authority is satisfied that the applicant has not complied with the requirements of this Act or the rules, it shall, for reasons to be recorded in writing, reject the application for registration.
(3) Every certificate of registration shall be renewed in such manner and after such period and on payment of such fees as may be prescribed.
(4) The certificate of registration shall be displayed by the registered Genetic Counselling Centre, Genetic Laboratory or Genetic Clinic in a conspicuous place at its place of business. Cancella- tion or suspen- sion of registration. 20. (1) The Appropriate Authority may suo moto, or on complaint, issue a notice to the Genetic Counselling Centre, Genetic Laboratory or Genetic Clinic to show cause why its registration should not be suspended or cancelled for the reasons mentioned in the notice.
(2) If, after giving a reasonable opportunity of being heard to the Genetic Counselling Centre, Genetic Laboratory or Genetic Clinic and having regard to the advice of the Advisory Committee, the Appropriate Authority is satisfied that there has been a breach of the provisions of this Act or the rules, it may, without prejudice to any criminal action that it may take against such Centre, Laboratory or Clinic, suspend its registration for such period as it may think fit or cancel its registration, as the case may be.
(3) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-sections (1) and (2), if the Appropriate Authority is of the opinion that it is necessary or expedient so to do in the public interest, it may for reasons to be ​recorded in writing, suspend the registration of any Genetic Counselling Centre, Genetic Laboratory or Genetic Clinic without issuing any such notice referred to in sub-section (2). Appeal. 21. The Genetic Counselling Centre, Genetic Laboratory or Genetic Clinic may, within thirty days from the date of receipt of the order of suspension or cancellation of registration passed by the Appropriate Authority under section 20, prefer an appeal against such order to–
(i) the Central Government, where the appeal is against the order of the Central Appropriate Authority; and
(ii) the State Government, where the appeal is against the order of the State Appropriate Authority,
in the prescribed manner.
CHAPTER VII
Offences and penalties
Prohibition of adver- tisement relating to pre-natal determina- tion of sex and punish- ment for contraven- tion. 22. (1) No person, organisation, Genetic Counselling Centre, Genetic Laboratory or Genetic Clinic shall issue or cause to be issued any advertisement in any manner regarding facilities of pre-natal determination of sex available at such Centre, Laboratory, Clinic, or any other place.
(2) No person or organisation shall publish or distribute or cause to be published, or distributed any advertisement in any manner regarding facilities of pre-natal determination of sex available at any Genetic Counseling Centre, Genetic Laboratory, Genetic Clinic or any other place.
(3) Any person who contravenes the provisions of sub-section (1) or sub-section (2) shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to three years and with fine which may extend to ten thousand rupees.
Explanation.–For the purposes of this section, ”advertisement” includes any notice, circular, label wrapper or other document and also includes any visible representation made by means of any light, sound, smoke or gas. Offences and penal- ties. 23. (1) Any medical geneticist, gynaecologist, registered medical practitioner or any person who owns a Genetic Counselling Centre, a Genetic Laboratory or a Genetic Clinic or is employed in such a Centre, Laboratory or Clinic and renders his professional or technical services to or at such a Centre, Laboratory or Clinic, whether on an honorary basis or otherwise, and who contravenes any of the provisions of this Act or rules made thereunder shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to three years and with fine which may extend to ten thousand rupees and on any subsequent conviction, with imprisonment which may extend to five years and with fine which may extend to fifty thousand rupees.
(2) The name of the registered medical practitioner who has been convicted by the court under sub-section (1), shall be reported by the ​Appropriate Authority to the respective State Medical Council for taking necessary action inducting the removal of his name from the register of the Council for a period of two years for the first offence and permanently for the subsequent offence.
(3) Any person who seeks the aid of a Genetic Councelling Centre, Genetic Laboratory or Genetic Clinic or of a medical geneticist, gynaecologist or registered medical practitioner for conducting pre-natal diagnostic techniques on any pregnant woman (including such woman unless she was compelled to undergo such diagnostic techniques) for purposes other than those specified in clause (2) of section 4, shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to three years and with fine which may extend to ten thousand rupees and on any subsequent conviction with imprisonment which may extend to five years and with fine which may extend to fifty thousand rupees. Presump- tion in the case of conduct of pre-natal diagnostic techniques. 1 of 1872. 24. Notwithstanding anything in the Indian Evidence Act, 1872, the court shall presume unless the contrary is proved that the pregnant woman has been compelled by her husband or the relative to undergo pre-natal diagnostic technique and such person shall be liable for abetment of offence under sub-section (3) of section 23 and shall be punishable for the offence specified under that section. Penalty for contra- vention of the provi- sions of the Act or rules for which no specific punishment is provided. 25. Whoever contravenes any of the provisions of this Act or any rules made thereunder, for which no penalty has been elsewhere provided in this Act, shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to three months or with fine, which may extend to one thousand rupees or with both and in the case of continuing contravention with an additional fine which may extend to five hundred rupees for every day during which such contravention continues after conviction for the first such contravention. Offences by com- panies. 26. (2) Where any offence, punishable under this Act has been committed by a company, every person who, at the time the offence was committed was in charge of, and was responsible to, the company for the conduct of the business of the company, as well as the company, shall be deemed to be guilty of the offence and shall be liable to be proceeded against and punished accordingly:
Provided that nothing contained in this sub-section shall render any such person liable to any punishment if he proves that the offence was committed without his knowledge or that he had exercised all due diligence to prevent the commission of such offence.
(2) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1), where any offence punishable under this Act has been committed by a company and it is proved that, the offence has been committed with the consent or connivance of, or is attributable to any neglect on the part of, any director, manager, secretary or other officer of the company, such director, manager, secretary or other officer shall also be deemed to be guilty of that offence and shall be liable to be proceeded against and punished accordingly.
Explanation.–For the purposes of this section,–
(a) “company” means any body corporate and includes a firm or other association of individuals, and
​(b) “director”, in relation to a firm, means a partner in the firm. Offence to be cogni- zable, non- bailable and non- compound- able. 27. Every offence under this Act shall be cognizable, non-bailable and non-compounable. Cognizance of offences. 28. (1) No court shall take cognizance of an offence under this Act except on a complaint made by–
(a) the Appropriate Authority concerned, or any officer authorised in this behalf by the Central Government or State Government, as the case may be; or the Appropriate Authority; or
(b) a person who has given notice of not less than thirty days in the manner prescribed, to the Appropriate Authority, of the alleged offence and of his intention to make a complaint to the court.
Explanation.–For the purpose of this clause, “person” includes a social organisation.
(2) No court other than that of a Metropolitan Magistrate or a Judicial Magistrate of the first class shall try any offence punishable under this Act.
(3) Where a complaint has been made under clause (b) of sub-section (3), the court may, on demand by such person, direct the Appropriate Authority to make available copies of the relevant records in its possession to such person.
CHAPTER VIII
Miscellaneous
Mainte- nance of records. 29. (1) All records, charts, forms, reports,, consent letters and all other documents required to be maintained under this Act and the rules shall be preserved for a period of two years or for such period as may be prescribed:
Provided that, if any criminal or other proceedings are instituted against any Genetic Counselling Centre, Genetic Laboratory or Genetic Clinic, the records and all other documents of such Centre, Laboratory or Clinic shall be preserved till the final disposal of such proceedings.
(2) All such records shall, at all reasonable times, be made available for inspection to the Appropriate Authority or to any other person authorised by the Appropriate Authority in this behalf. Power to search and seize records etc. 30. (1) If the Appropriate Authority has reason to believe that an offence under this Act has been or is being committed at any Genetic Counselling Centre, Genetic Laboratory, or Genetic Clinic, such Authority or any officer authorised thereof in this behalf may, subject to such rules as may be prescribed, enter and search at all reasonable times with such assistance, if any, as such authority or officer considers necessary, such Genetic Counselling Centre, Genetic Laboratory or Genetic Clinic and examine any record, register, document, book, pamphlet, advertisement or ​any other material object found therein and seize the same if such Authority or officer has reason to believe that it may furnish evidence of the commission of an offence punishable under this Act. 2 of 1974. (2) The provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 relating to searches and seizures shall, so far as may be, apply to every search or seizure made under this Act. Protection of action taken in good faith. 31. No suit, prosecution or other legal proceeding shall lie against the Central or the State Government or the Appropriate Authority or any officer authorised by the Central or State Government or by the Authority for anything which is in good faith done or intended to be done in pursuance of the provisions of this Act. Power to make rules. 32. (1) The Central Government may make rules for carrying out the provisions of this Act.
(2) In particular, and without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing power, such rules may provide for–
(i) the minimum qualifications for persons employed at a registered Genetic Counselling Centre, Genetic Laboratory or Genetic Clinic under clause (1) of section 3;
(ii) the form in which consent of a pregnant woman has to be obtained under section 5;
(iii) the procedure to be followed by the members of the Central Supervisory Board in the discharge of their functions under sub-section (4) of section 8;
(iv) allowances for members other than ex officio members admissible under sub-section (5) of section 9;
(v) the period intervening between any two meetings of the Advisory Committee under the proviso to sub-section (8) of section 17;
(vi) the terms and conditions subject to which a person may be appointed to the Advisory Committee and the procedure to be followed by such Committee under sub-section (9) of section 17;
(vii) the form and manner in which an application shall be made for registration and the fee payable thereof under sub-section (2) of section 18;
(viii) the facilities to be provided, equipment and other standards to be maintained by the Genetic Counselling Centre, Genetic Laboratory or Genetic Clinic under sub-section (5) of section 18;
(ix) the form in which a certificate of registration shall be issued under sub-section (1) of section 19;
(x) the manner in which and the period after which a certificate of registration shall be renewed and the fee payable for such renewal under sub-section (3) of section 19;
(xi) the manner in which an appeal may be preferred under section 21;
​(xii) the period up to which records, charts, etc., shall be preserved under sub-section (1) of section 29;
(xiii) the manner in which the seizure of documents, records, objects, etc., shall be made and the manner in which seizure list shall be prepared and delivered to the person from whose custody such documents, records or objects were seized under sub-section (2) of section 30;
(xiv) any other matter that is required to be, or may be, prescribed. Power to make regula- tions. 33. The Board may, with the previous sanction of the Central Government, by notification in the Official Gazette, make regulations not inconsistent with the provisions of this Act and the rules made thereunder to provide for–
(a) the time and place of the meetings of the Board and the procedure to be followed for the transaction of business at such meetings and the number of members which shall form the quorum under sub-section (1) of section 9;
(b) the manner in which a person may be temporarily associated with the Board under sub-section (3) of section 11;
(c) the method of appointment, the conditions of service and the scales of pay and allowances of the officer and other employees of the Board appointed under section 12;
(d) generally for the efficient conduct of the affairs of the Board. Rules and regula- tions to be laid before Parlia- ment. 34. Every rule and every regulation made under this Act shall be laid, as soon as may be after it is made, before each House of Parliament, while it is in session, for a total period of thirty days which may be comprised in one session or in two or more successive sessions, and if, before the expiry of the session immediately following the session or the successive sessions aforesaid, both Houses agree in making any modification in the rule or regulation or both Houses agree that the rule or regulation should not be made, the rule or regulation shall thereafter have, effect only in such, modified form or be of no effect, as the case may be; so, however, that any such modification or annulment shall be without prejudice to the validity of anything previously done under that rule or regulation.
This work is the work of Government of India. Section 52(1)(q) of the Indian Copyright Act, 1957 allows for the reproduction or publication of
* any matter which has been published in any Official Gazette except an Act of a Legislature;
* any Act of a Legislature subject to the condition that such Act is reproduced or published together with any commentary thereon or any other original matter;
* the report of any committee, commission, council, board or other like body appointed by the government if such report has been laid on the Table of the Legislature, unless the reproduction or publication of such report is prohibited by the government;
* any judgement or order of a court, Tribunal or other judicial authority, unless the reproduction or publication of such judgement or order is prohibited by the court, the Tribunal or other judicial authority, as the case may be.
The decision of the Supreme Court of India in "Eastern Book Company & Ors vs D.B. Modak & Anr" on 12 December, 2007 interpreted this section of the Act as making the material public domain.
This work is also in the public domain in the U.S. because it is an edict of a government, local or foreign. See § 313.6(C)(2) of the Compendium II: Copyright Office Practices. Such documents include "legislative enactments, judicial decisions, administrative rulings, public ordinances, or similar types of official legal materials" as well as "any translation prepared by a government employee acting within the course of his or her official duties."
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