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# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Baillie, John (1741-1806)

​BAILLIE, JOHN (1741–1806), divine, was born in 1741, and became in 1767 minister of the Carliol-Street meeting-house (United Secession) at Newcastle-upon-Tyne. His convivial habits having led him into irregularities peculiarly inconsistent with his profession, his connection with this congregation ceased about 1783. He then assisted William Tinwell, the author of a treatise on ​arithmetic, in conducting a school. Afterwards he lectured in a schoolroom in St. Nicholas's churchyard at Newcastle, and in 1797 his friends fitted up the old Postern Chapel for his use. He was in pecuniary difficulties for several years previous to his death, which occurred at Gateshead on 12 Dec. 1806. He published several detached sermons, including 'A Funeral Discourse on the Death of the Papacy, delivered before a crowded audience,' Newcastle, 1798, 8vo, and 'A Funeral Sermon occasioned by the death of Frances Baillie,' his daughter, who kept a school at Newcastle, and who died in 1801 at the age of twenty-three. His other works are: 1. 'A Course of Lectures upon various antient and interesting Prophecies; tending to strengthen the faith and enliven the hopes of believers in the Divine Saviour, to whom all the Prophets bare witness. Lecture i. Haggai ii. 6-10,' Newcastle, 1784, 8vo. 2. 'An Impartial History of the Town and County of Newcastle-upon-Tyne and its Vicinity' (anon.), Newcastle, 1801, 8vo. 3. 'History of the French War, from 1791 to 1802,' 8vo. He also assisted in writing a 'History of Egypt.'
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Baillie, John (1772-1833)

1904 Errata appended.
​BAILLIE, JOHN (1772–1833), colonel, orientalist, political agent, and director of the East India Company, entered the company's service in 1790, arriving in India in 1791. He took ensign's rank in 1793 and lieutenant's in 1794, devoting his leisure to the study of oriental languages, which he prosecuted with such success that on the foundation of the new college of Fort William in 1801 he was appointed professor of the Arabic and Persian languages and of Mohammedan law. In 1803, on the outbreak of the Mahratta war, he joined in the siege of Agra with the rank of captain, and soon after was appointed to the difficult post of political agent at Bundelkhand. Disaffection was rife here, and the chiefs were forming dangerous combinations. Captain Baillie, however, succeeded in disuniting the league of the chiefs and re-establishing order and security, for which services he was publicly thanked by the governor-general in a letter to the directors, in which it was said that 'the British authority in Bundelkhand was only preserved by his fortitude, ability, and influence.' He had, in fact, transferred to the company a territory with a revenue of 225,000l. a year. Baillie resigned his professorship in 1807 for the position of resident at Lucknow, which he held till 1815. Three years later he retired from the service, and on his return to England went into parliament as one of the members for the borough of Hedon (now disfranchised), for which he sat from 1820 to 1830, and afterwards from 1830 to 1832 represented the burghs of Inverness. He was elected a director of the East India Company in 1823, and died 20 April 1833. While professor, Colonel Baillie published his useful 'Sixty Tables elucidatory of a Course of Lectures on Arabic Grammar delivered in the College of Fort William during the first year of its institution' (1801), and the text of 'The Five Books upon Arabic Grammar,' i.e. the ' Meeut Âmel,' 'Shurhu Meeut Âmel,' 'Mesbâh,' 'Hedâyut oon-Nuhve,' and the 'Kâfeea,' of which the first four were issued in two thin volumes in 1802-3, and the last was not published. He also translated from the Arabic part (relating to commercial transactions) of a digest of Mohammedan law in 1797, at the request of Sir John Shore (Lord Teignmouth), the then governor-general, but the work was never completed.
S. L-P.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.12 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 418 | ii | 6-7 | Baillie, John (1772-1833): for from 1830 to 1832 read in 1830 and from 1832 till his death next year |
| | | 8 | before He was elected insert He was a moderate whig supporting Catholic emancipation but opposing the Reform Bill |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Baillie, Cuthbert

​BAILLIE, CUTHBERT (d. 1514), lord high treasurer of Scotland, was, according to one authority, a natural son of Sir William Baillie .of Lamington, one of the favourites of James III; and there are some other reasons for doubting the contradictory statement that he was a descendant of the house of Carphin. His first incumbency was that of Thankerton. In the charter granted him of the five merk lands of Lockhart Hill, Lanarkshire, his name occurs as Cuthbert Baillie, clericus. He became commendator of Glenluce, but the hitherto current statement that he was rector of Cumnock is an error which seems to have arisen from confounding his name with Cuthbert of Dunbar, who received a grant of lands in Cumnock. In the `Register of the Great Seal' Thomas Campbell is mentioned as rector of Cumnock in 1481, and in the 'Protocola Diœcesis Glasguensis' his name occurs as prebendary of Cumnock under date 11 June 1511. Cuthbert Baillie under the same date is mentioned as prebendary of Sanquhar, and the same title is given to him in 1508 and 1511 in the `Register of the Great Seal.' He entered upon the duties of lord high treasurer on 29 Oct. 1512, and died in 1514.
[James W. Baillie's Lives of the Baillies (privately printed 1872), p. 26; Crawfurd's Lives of the Officers of State in Scotland, i. 369; Register of the Great Seal of Scotland.]
T. F. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Baillie, Marianne

​BAILLIE, MARIANNE (1795?–1830), traveller and verse-writer, whose maiden name was Wathen (Guy of Warwick, &c., 1817, pp. 42, 43, and 64), married Mr. Alexander Baillie 'some years previous' to 1817 (Guy of Warwick, pp. 47, 66, and 72). Mrs. Baillie's first contribution to literature was a small volume, entitled 'Guy of Warwick, a Legende, and other Poems,' Kingsbury, 1817. A very limited edition was printed by Mr. Baillie at his private printing-press, and, in 1818, a second edition was in demand. Some of the poems in this work were afterwards reproduced in a volume privately printed in London in 1825, and 'not published,' entitled 'Trifles in Verse.' The preface is written by Mr. Baillie, who says that after the year 1817 'hard times came.' Early in 1818 the Baillies found a 'shelter' and a 'calm retreat' at Twickenham, where they received kindness from Lady Howe, whose second husband, Sir Wathen Waller, would seem to have been a relative of Mrs. Baillie. It was from Twickenham that the Baillies set out for a continental tour, crossing the Channel from Dover to Calais 9 Aug. 1818, and returning 8 Oct. following. The literary result of this journey appeared in a volume inscribed by the author to the Right Hon. John Trevor, who had been British minister at Turin from 1783 to 1798; of ​whom Mrs. Baillie spoke after his death as a 'paternal friend' (Trifles in Verse, pp. 40 and 41). The title of the volume was 'First Impressions on a Tour upon the Continent in the Summer of 1818, through Parts of France, Italy, Switzerland, the Borders of Germany, and a Part of French Flanders,' 8vo, London, 1819. In the same year Mrs. Baillie wrote a poetical 'Farewell to Twickenham.' After spending some time in Devonshire, she entered in June 1820 upon a residence of about two years and a half in Portugal. There she wrote a series of letters to her mother, afterwards published, with an inscription to the Earl of Chichester, 'to whose kindness they owe their existence,' in two volumes, entitled 'Lisbon in the Years 1821, 1822, and 1823,' 8vo, London, 1824; second edition 1825. Several of her poems, published first in her letters, and afterwards in 'Trifles in Verse,' describe the beauties of Cintra. The Baillies returned to England in October 1823, and settled in London. Mrs. Baillie died in 1831.
A. H. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Estlin, John Prior

​ESTLIN, JOHN PRIOR (1747–1817), unitarian minister, born at Hinckley, Leicestershire, 9 April (O.S.) 1747, was the son of Thomas Estlin, hosier, by his wife, formerly a Miss Prior. His education was ​taken by his mother's brother, the Rev. John Prior, vicar of Ashby-de-la-Zouch, and chaplain to the Earl of Moira. In 1764 he entered the academy at Warrington, while the divinity chair was filled by Dr. Aikin. Here he made up his mind that he could not subscribe to the articles of the established church, although he still desired to become a minister of religion; and in 1770 he accepted an invitation to become the colleague of the Rev. Thomas Wright at the unitarian chapel at Lewin's Mead, Bristol, and entered upon his duties in January 1771. He soon afterwards opened a school at St. Michael's Hill, Bristol, which met with great success, some of his pupils rising to eminence in parliament and the professions. His pupils held him in so much esteem that they obtained the degree of LL.D. (Glasgow) for him without his knowledge. It was conferred in 1807. Coleridge, Southey, Priestley, Mrs. Barbauld, and Robert Hall were among the friends attracted by his attainments and fine generous character. His publications, of which a list is given at the close of Mrs. Barbauld's ‘Memoir’ of him (Monthly Repository, xii. 373–5), were numerous, and date from 1790. His ‘Familiar Lectures’ were published in 1818, and are preceded by a reprint of Mrs. Barbauld's ‘Memoir.’ About 1816 his sight began to fail; in 1817 he resigned his pulpit, receiving a large sum of money from his congregation as a testimonial; and preaching his farewell sermon on 22 June, he retired to a cottage he had built for himself at his favourite summer haunt, Southerndown, Glamorganshire. There, on Sunday 10 Aug., he was seized with an effusion of blood on the chest and died immediately, aged 70. He was buried in the graveyard of Lewin's Mead chapel.
Estlin married first a Miss Coates, secondly a Miss Bishop, both of Bristol. By his first wife he had one son; by the second three sons and three daughters. One of these last three sons was the surgeon John Bishop Estlin [q. v.]
J. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Eston, Adam

​ESTON, ADAM (d. 1397). [See Easton.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Estye, George

​ESTYE, GEORGE (1566–1601), divine, was educated at Caius College, Cambridge, proceeding B.A. in 1580–1. He was afterwards elected a fellow of his college, commenced M.A. in 1584, and proceeded B.D. in 1591. In 1598 he was chosen preacher of St. Mary's, Bury St. Edmunds. He died at Bury on 2 Aug. 1601, and was buried in his church, where a monument, with a Latin inscription composed by Dr. Joseph Hall, bishop of Norwich, was erected to his memory.
His widow, Triphosa, became the second wife of Matthew Clarke, M.A. of Christ's College, Cambridge, twice mayor of Lynn Regis, and M.P. for that borough.
He wrote: 1. ‘An Exposition on Psalm 51.’ 2. ‘An Exposition on the Ten Commandments.’ 3. ‘An Exposition on the Lord's Supper.’ 4. ‘The Doctrine of Faith; or an Exposition on the Creed.’ 5. ‘Exposition on the first part of the 119th Psalm.’ 6. ‘The History of the Gospel.’ 7. ‘Exposition on 1 Peter i. 13.’ All the foregoing works were printed in one volume, London, 1603, 4to. 8. ‘De Certitudine Salvtis, et perseverantia Sanctorum non intercisa, Oratio eximia Cantabrigiæ habita a D. Esteio Theologo summo: qua, non securitatem perversam, sed maximum pietatis zelum, certitudinis hujus genuinum fructum demonstrat.’ In ‘De Arminii Sententia qua electionem omnem particularem, fidei prævisæ docet inniti, Disceptatio Scholastica inter Nicolavm Grevinchovium Roterodamum, et Gulielmum Amesium Anglum,’ Amsterdam, 1613, pp. 59–70; and in Matthew Hutton's ‘Brevis et dilucida explicatio veræ, certæ, et consolationis plenæ doctrinæ de electione, prædestinatione, ac reprobatione,’ Harderwick, 1613, p. 45. It seems that this or another treatise by Estye on the same subject is printed in Robert Some's ‘De mortis Christi merito et efficacia, remissionis peccatorum per fidem certitudine, et justificantis fidei perseverantia, tres quæstiones,’ Harderwick, 1613.
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Ethelbald (d.860)

​ETHELBALD or ÆTHELBALD (d. 860), king of the West-Saxons, the second son of Æthelwulf, was present with his father at the victory over the Scandinavian pirates at Ockley in Surrey in 851, and is said by Asser to have conspired with Ealhstan, bishop of Sherborne, and the West-Saxons to supplant Æthelwulf while on his pilgrimage to Rome (855–6). On Æthelwulf's return Æthelbald and his party refused to allow him to continue to reign in Wessex; he retired to Kent, and Æthelbald ruled over the West-Saxons [on these matters see more fully under Ethelwulf]. When Æthelwulf died in 858, he took to wife his father's widow, Judith, the daughter of Charles the Bald, greatly to the scandal of all men (Asser, p. 472; Kemble, Codex Dipl. 1058; Annales Bertiniani, Prudentius, 858). It has been suggested that the reason of this marriage was purely political (Green); it is perhaps more natural to believe that it either showed a tendency to adopt old heathen customs [see under Eadbald], or was simply the result of inclination. It is said that Swithun, bishop of Winchester, reproved the king for his sin, and that he repented and separated from Judith (Anglia Sacra, i. 204). This, however, is extremely doubtful, and does not rest on good authority. Judith did not return to France until after Æthelbald's death, and she was then spoken of as his widow (Ann. Bertin. Hincmar, 862). Æthelbald died in 860 (Asser), after a reign of five years (A.-S. Chron.), which must probably be reckoned from the date of his father's departure from England in 855. He was buried at Sherborne. All England is said to have mourned for him, and in after years to have felt how much it had lost by his death (Henry of Huntingdon, p. 737). The share he had in the victory of Ockley, and the peace that, to judge from the silence of the chroniclers, prevailed during his reign, are enough to explain the regret with which his people are said to have remembered him.
W. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Estlin, John Bishop

​ESTLIN, JOHN BISHOP (1785–1855), surgeon, son of John Prior Estlin [q. v.], who kept a famous school in a large house at the top of St. Michael's Hill, Bristol, was born there on 26 Dec. 1785. He was educated in his father's school, and began his professional studies at the Bristol Infirmary in 1804. He continued them at Guy's Hospital, London, became a member of the College of Surgeons of London in 1806, and, after further study at the university of Edinburgh, settled in practice in his native town in 1808. He attained success, and, having special interest in ophthalmic surgery, gradually restricted his practice to that department as far as he could. In 1812 he established in Frogmore Street, Bristol, a dispensary for the treatment of diseases of the eye. This charity he maintained for more than a year at his own cost, and afterwards managed its affairs for thirty-six years, and himself treated fifty-two thousand poor patients. He kept careful notes of his cases, and published papers on ‘Amaurosis’ in ‘Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal,’ 1815, on ‘Cataract’ in ‘London Medical Gazette,’ 1829, on ‘Cysticercus Cellulosæ on the Sclerotica’ in ‘London Medical Gazette,’ 1838 and 1840, on ‘One Hundred Cases of Operation for Strabismus’ in ‘Provincial Medical and Surgical Journal,’ vol. ii., on ‘Pretended Cure of Cataract’ (ib. vol. v.), on ‘Injuries of the Iris’ (ib. vol. vi.) His reputation as an ophthalmic surgeon spread, and he became one of the first of his period in England in that department of practice, and in 1843 was elected a fellow of the College of Surgeons of England, when that body received the charter under which it is at present governed. In 1817 he married Margaret Bagehot, aunt of Walter Bagehot [q. v.]; she died four years later, leaving an only daughter. His health was not robust, and in 1832 he visited the island of St. Vincent, where the warm climate restored him. He obtained and circulated in 1838 a fresh supply of vaccine lymph from cows near Berkeley, Gloucestershire, the region in which Jenner had originally made his discovery of the efficacy of vaccination in the prevention of smallpox. Besides this important service Estlin rendered many others to the public in regard to temperance, to the abolition of slavery, to the instruction of the poor, to the maintenance of religious toleration, and the suppression of medical impostures. In 1845 he published ‘Remarks on Mesmerism,’ a lucid exposition of the scientific method of investigating phenomena said to be due to hidden forces of nature. He was a unitarian with definite theological opinions, and wrote in favour of the christian miracles and ‘On Prayer and Divine Aid,’ 1825. He was always generous, but nevertheless grew rich, and became, by force of upright character and professional skill, one of the most trusted men in Bristol. He had an attack of right hemiplegia in May 1853, died 10 June 1855, and was buried in the Lewin's Mead burying-ground, Bristol. In the adjoining meeting-house are monumental tablets for him and his wife.
N. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Estcourt, Richard

Gay Bacchus, liking Estcourt's wine, A noble meal bespoke us.
Steele also describes Estcourt under the name of Tom Mirror (see Tatler, 6 Aug. 1709). Estcourt was constituted providore (provetidore?) of the Beefsteak Club, which entitled him to wear a small golden gridiron hung round his neck by a green ribbon. His worst fault seems to have been a great license in what is now known as gagging. Chetwood says 'he entertained the audience with a variety of little catches and flights of humour that pleased all but his critics.' His 'Fair Example, or the Modish Citizens,' was produced at Drury Lane 10 April 1703, before Estcourt joined the company. In the preface to this Estcourt says that the play and the 'Confederacy' of Vanbrugh were both taken from the same French piece, viz. the 'Modish Citizens,' by D'Ancour. This is obviously 'Les Bourgeouises à la Mode' of Dancourt and Sainctyon, acted at the Théatre Français 15 Nov. 1692. 'Prunella,' an interlude, 4to, no date, Drury Lane, 12 Feb. 1708, was introduced by Estcourt, as Bayes, into the 'Rehearsal,' between two acts of which it was played. It burlesques the Italian operas then in vogue, pieces in which the words were in Italian and English to suit the respective performers. In 'Prunella' Mrs. Tofts is courted by Nicolini, neither understanding a word the other says. It is a dull production.
[Genest's Account of the English Stage; Chetwood's General History of the Stage; Baker, Reed, and Jones's Biographia Dramatica; Hitchcock's Historical View of the Irish Stage; Cibber's Apology. ed. Bellchambers; Davies's Dramatic Miscellanies; Tatler and Spectator, passim; Giles Jacob's Poetical Register, 1723 : List of English Dramatic Poets appended to Whincop's Scandarbeg, 1747; Downes's Roscius Anglicanus, 1708; Hippolyte Lucas's Histoire du Théatre Français, 1863.]
J. K.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Este, Charles

​ESTE, CHARLES, D.D. (1696–1745), bishop of Waterford, son of Michael Este of St. Margaret's, Westminster, was born in Whitehall in 1696. He entered Westminster School as a queen's scholar, and matriculated as a student at Christ Church, Oxford, 1715, proceeding to the two degrees in arts in 1719 and 1722 respectively. While still at Oxford he edited in 1723 ‘Carmina quadragesimalia ab ædis Christi Oxon. alumnis composita et ab ejusdem ædis Baccalaureis determinantibus in scholâ naturalis philosophiæ publice recitata,’ his own contributions to which will be found on pp. 108-9 and 132. Having taken orders he was appointed chaplain to Archbishop Boulter, whom he accompanied to Ireland in 1724. On 9 Jan. 1726 he was collated on the presentation of Boulter to the rectory of Derrynoose, co. Armagh, and in 1730 he was nominated to the archdeaconry of Armagh and the rectories of Aghallow, Killeshill, and Caranteal. In 1733 he resigned these appointments for the chancellorship of Armagh and the rectory of Kilmore, on which living he expended a large sum of money. On the bishopric of Ossory falling vacant he was raised to that see through the influence of Boulter with the Duke of Newcastle, and was enthroned at Kilkenny 1 March 1736. To the episcopal palace at that place he made great additions. He proceeded D.D. at Dublin University 9 May 1736. In October 1740 he was advanced to the see of Waterford. Ha died 29 Nov. 1745. There is a portrait of Este in the hall at Christ Church, Oxford.
A. V.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Goddard, John

​GODDARD, JOHN (fl. 1645–1671), engraver, one of the earliest English engravers, is known for a few portraits and book illustrations of no great proficiency. He engraved a portrait of Martin Billingsley, the writing master, in 1651, Dr. Bastwick, and one of Dr. Alexander Ross, chaplain to Charles I, in 1654, as frontispiece to Ross's continuation of Raleigh's ‘History of the World.’ He engraved the title-page to W. Austin's translation of Cicero's treatise, ‘Cato Major,’ published in 1671. For Fuller's ‘Pisgah-sight of Palestine,’ published in 1645, Goddard engraved the sheet of armorial bearings at the beginning, and some of the maps, including a ground plan of the Temple of Solomon. A few other plates by him are known, including a rare set of ‘The Seven Deadly Sins’ in the Print Room at the British Museum.
[Strutt's Dict. of Engravers; Dodd's MS. History of English Engravers (Brit. Mus. Addit. MS. 33401).]
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Goad, Thomas (d.1666)

​GOAD, THOMAS (d. 1666), regius professor of laws at Cambridge, elder brother of George Goad (d. 1671) [q. v.], was elected from Eton to King's College, Cambridge, in 1611, and proceeded M.A. and LL.D. In 1613 he became a member of Gray's Inn (Harl. MS. 1912). On 15 July 1617 he was incorporated master of arts at Oxford (Wood, Fasti Oxon., ed. Bliss, i. 374, where he is confounded with his cousin, Thomas Goad, D.D. (1576-1638) [q. v.]) He was appointed reader of logic in the university in 1620, pro-proctor in 1621, poser in 1623, and senior proctor in 1629 (Le Neve, Fasti, ed. Hardy, iii. 622). In 1635 he was elected to the regius professorship of laws. He died in 1666 possessed of property in New and Old Windsor and elsewhere in Berkshire. His will, dated 16 April 1666, was proved at London on the following 6 July (registered in P. C. C. 117, Mico). By his wife Mary he had two daughters: Grace, married to John Byng, and Mary, married to John Clenche. He contributed Latin elegiacs to 'Ducis Eboracensis Fasciæ' (p. 8), and was probably the author of 'Eclogæ et Musæ Virgiferæ ac Juridicæ,' 8vo, Cambridge, 1634, which is attributed to Thomas Goad, D.D., by Thomas Baker, who professes to quote from the epitaph at Hadleigh (Wood, Fasti Oxon.,loc. cit.)
G. G.