# Latin for beginners (1911)/Part II/Lesson LI

Layout 2
LESSON LI
THE DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS HIC, ISTE, ILLE
290. We have already learned the declension of the demonstrative pronoun is and its use. (Cf. Lesson XVII.) That pronoun refers to persons or things either far or near, and makes no definite reference to place or time. If we wish to point out an object definitely in place or time, we must use hic, iste, or ille. These demonstratives, like is, are used both as pronouns and as adjectives, and their relation to the speaker may be represented graphically thus:
291. Hic is declined as follows:
| | Singular | Singular | Singular | Plural | Plural | Plural |
| | MASC. | FEM. | NEUT. | MASC. | FEM. | NEUT. |
| Nom. | hic | haec | hoc | hī | hae | haec |
| Gen. | huius | huius | huius | hōrum | hārum | hōrum |
| Dat. | huic | huic | huic | hīs | hīs | hīs |
| Acc. | hunc | hanc | hoc | hōs | hās | haec |
| Abl. | hōc | hāc | hōc | hīs | hīs | hīs |
a. Huius is pronounced ho͝o´yo͝os, and huic I.pronounced ho͝oic (one syllable).
292. The demonstrative pronouns iste, ista, istud, and ille, illa, illud, except for the nominative and accusative singular neuter forms istud and illud, are declined exactly like ipse, ipsa, ipsum. (See <a href = "LatinBegin2.html#sec481">§ 481.) ​293. MODEL SENTENCES
| Is this horse (of mine) strong? | Estne hic equus valīdus? |
| That horse (of yours) is strong, but that one (yonder) is weak | Iste equus est validus, sed ille est īnfīrmus |
| Are these (men by me) your friends? | Suntne hī amīcī tuī? |
| Those (men by you) are my friends, but those (men yonder) are enemies | Istī sunt amīcī meī, sed illī sunt inimīcī |
294.
EXERCISES
First learn the special vocabulary, p. 295.
I. A German Chieftain addresses his Followers. Ille fortis Germānōrum dux suōs convocāvit et hōc modō animōs eōrum cōnfirmāvit. “Vōs, quī in hīs fīnibus vīvitis, in hunc locum convocāvī quia mēcum dēbētis istōs agrōs et istās domōs ab iniūriīs Rōmānōrum liberāre. Hoc nōbīs nōn difficile erit, quod illī hostēs hās silvās dēnsās, ferās saevās quārum vestīgia vident, montēs altōs timent. Sī fortēs erimus, deī ipsī nōbīs viam salūtis dēmonstrābunt. Ille sōl, istī oculī calamītātēs nostrās vīdērunt. Itaque nōmen illīus reī pūblicae Rōmānae nōn sōlum nōbis, sed etiam omnibus hominibus quī lībertātem amant, est invīsum. Ad arma vōs vocō. Exercēte istam prīstinam virtūtem et vincētis.”
II.
voice.
country don´t sing in winter.
that soldier (near you) and come home with me.
you will see the tracks of the hateful enemy who burned my dwelling and made an attack on my brother.
(rēs) we ought to inflict punishment on him without delay.
HORATIUS PONTEM DEFENDIT
How Horatius held the Bridge (Continued)
295. Altera urbis pars mūrīs, altera flūmine satis mūnīrī vidēbātur. Sed erat pōns in flūmine quī hostibus iter paene dedit. Tum Horātius Cocles, fortis vir, magnā vōce dīxit, "Rescindite pontem, Rōmānī! Brevī tempore Porsena in urbem cōpiās suās trādūcet." Iam hostēs in ponte erant, sed Horātius cum duōbus (cf. § 479) comitibus ad extrēmam pontis partem properāvit, et hi'sōli aciem hostium sustinuērunt. Tum vērō cīvēs Rōmānī pontem ā tergō rescindere incipiunt, et hostēs frūstrā Horātium superāre temptant.
* ↑ The perfect definite. (Cf. § 190.)
* ↑ . English words in parentheses are not to be translated. They are inserted to show what demonstratives should be used. (Cf. § 290.)
* ↑ . both ... and, et ... et.
References