OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Lives of the Most Eminent English Poets/Volume 1

THE
LIVES
OF THE MOST EMINENT
ENGLISH POETS.
WITH
CRITICAL OBSERVATIONS
ON THEIR
WORKS.
SAMUEL JOHNSON, LL.D.
Published as the Act directs Aug.$^t$ 24th, 1791 by T. Cadell Strand.
THE
LIVES
OF THE MOST EMINENT
ENGLISH POETS.
WITH
CRITICAL OBSERVATIONS
ON THEIR
WORKS.
By SAMUEL JOHNSON.
A NEW EDITION, CORRECTED,
IN FOUR VOLUMES.
VOL. I.
LONDON:
1794. (Drawback.)
CONTENTS.
OF THE
FIRST VOLUME
ADVERTISEMENT TO THE EDITION OF 1783.
THE Booksellers having determined to publish a Body of English Poetry, I was persuaded to promise them a Preface to the Works of each Author; an undertaking, as it was then presented to my mind, not very extensive or difficult.
My purpose was only to have allotted to every Poet an Advertisement, like those which we find in the French Miscellanies, containing a few dates and a general character; but I have been led beyond my intention, I hope, by the honest desire of giving useful pleasure. In this minute kind of History, the succession of facts is not easily discovered; and I am not without suspicion that some of Dryden's works are placed in wrong years. I have followed Langbaine, as the best authority for his plays, and, if I shall hereafter obtain a more correct ​chronology, will publish it; but I do not yet know that my account is erroneous.
Dryden's Remarks on Rymer have been somewhere printed before. The former edition I have not seen. This was transcribed for the press from his own manuscript.
As this undertaking was occasional and unforeseen, I must be supposed to have engaged in it with less provision of materials than might have been accumulated by longer premeditation. Of the later writers at least I might, by attention and enquiry, have gleaned many particulars, which would have diversified and enlivened my Biography. These omissions, which it is now useless to lament, have been often supplied by the kindness of Mr. Steevens and others; and great assistance has been given me by Mr. Spence's Collections, of which I consider the communication as a favour worthy of publick acknowledgement.
* ↑ Langbaine's authority will not support the dates assigned to Dryden's Plays. These are now rectified in the margin by reference to the original Editions, the only guides to be relied on.R.
* ↑ In the Edition of Beaumont and Fletcher, by Mr. Colman.R.
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This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The Navassa Island Riot/The Riot

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THE RIOT.
The eighteen colored laborers indicted by the United States Grand Jury, under Section 5323 of the Revised Statutes of the United States, for rioting on the Island of Navassa on the 14th of September, 1889, are George S. Key, Henry Jones alias "Texas Shorty," Cæsar Fisher, Edward Smith alias "Devil," Stephen Peters, Charles H. Smith, Charles H. Davis, James H. Robinson alias "Snow," Alfred Jones, James Philips, Edmund Francis alias "Blue Ball," Edward Woodfork, James Johnson, Alfred Brown, Norman Wooster alias "Juggler," Moses Williams alias "Dakota," Amos Lee and James Tascar.
The indictment is in five counts. The first count charges George S. Key with the murder of James Mahon with a pistol, and the other seventeen as accessories before the act; the second count charges Cæsar Fisher and Henry Jones with the murder of ​Thomas N. Foster with an axe and stone, and the other sixteen as accessories before the act. The third count charges Henry Jones with the murder of Joseph Fales with an axe, and the other seventeen as accessories before the act. The fourth indictment charges Edward Smith with the murder of Samuel Marah with a stone, and the other seventeen as accessories before the act; and the fifth count charges Stephen Peters, Charles H. Smith alias John Ward and Charles H. Davis with the murder, by means unknown, of Wm. T. Shea, with the other fifteen as accessories before the act.
# The Navassa Island Riot/Navassa

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ISLAND OF NAVASSA.
NAVASSA.
The Island of Navassa is situated in the Caribbean Sea, (West Indies) 18° 25′ north latitude, and 75° 5′ longitude west of Greenwich, 33 miles southwest of Hayti, and 72 miles east of Jamaica.
It is an upraised Coral Island, filled with Phosphate of Lime. In fact, all the cavities of the coral rock forming the frame-work of the Island, contain deposits of Phosphate of Lime.
The Island was discovered in 1856 by an American, being elevated 300 feet above sea level, and is without a sand beach—standing conspicuously with its rocky bluff as a perpendicular wall. The foot of the Island is incessantly battered by the waves, and much of it has already been undermined, forming a deep cut several feet high, which would necessarily cause it to tumble down, were it not protected by a fringed reef of living corals, this reef forming a breaker several feet wide. A man could easily walk around the whole Island of Navassa, following the foot of the bluff, did the sea not break over it so constantly.
The upper summit of this Island, at its highest point, is 310 feet above the swell of the sea from southeast to northwest. It is heavily timbered by gum and palm trees. The edges of the bluff towards the sea and the reef traversing the summit, have the form of a basin depressing toward the centre; indeed, the whole summit is similarly shaped. The edges of the upper bluff are raised in the shape of an immense brim, followed at variable distances by a second elevation of the same character. Many caves or holes of various sizes are found in the upper summit of the Island, principally near the reefs, and at a depth of some 45 feet perpendicular and about 30 in diameter. This ​upper summit is encircled by a terrace or shore platform, the bluff descending without interruption down to the sea, except at the northerly point of the Island.
From an elevation of 15 or 20 feet above sea level, at its extremity, or west of what is known as North Point, the height rises at Lulu Bay, (the shipping point), to 60 feet, and at the southeastern end the Island rises to the height of 65 feet. The north side forms a low rocky bed, and in many places slopes down to the level of the sea, until it terminates against the side of the Cliff of "North Point."
The limestone found upon the Island of Navassa is very hard, and clinks under the hammer when struck. In sailing around the Island, the lowest beds above the level of the sea present themselves as a compact rock made of carbonate of lime.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Carter, James Coolidge

Edition of 1905. See also James C. Carter on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
CARTER, James Coolidge (1827-1905). An American lawyer, born in Lancaster, Mass. He graduated at Harvard in 1850, and in 1853 was admitted to the bar. He was appointed, in 1875, a member of the commission for devising a form of municipal administration for the cities of New York State, and in 1888 was a member of the constitutional commission. In 1892 he was appointed one of the counsel to present the claims of the United States before the Bering Sea tribunal. His publications include The Codification of Our Common Law (1883).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Casbin

Edition of 1905. See also the disclaimer.
​ CASBIN, kȧz-bēn′. See Kasbin.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Cascara

Edition of 1905. See also the disclaimer.
​ CASCARA, kȧs′kȧ-rȧ. See Cascarilla.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Cascade Range

Edition of 1905. See also Cascade Range on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ CASCADE RANGE. A range of mountains in the western United States and Canada forming a northward continuation of the Sierra Nevada Range (Map: Washington, C 6). It begins in Northern California near the Oregon boundary and extends across the latter State and Washington into British Columbia, where the line of elevations is continued by many small groups which are deeply intersected and eroded by river and lake systems. Its direction in the United States is nearly north and south, parallel to the Pacific Coast; in Oregon the main axis of elevations lies about 100 miles from the coast, while in Washington the distance increases to 150 miles. The limits of the Cascade Range in British Columbia are not clearly defined. The name, however, is commonly assigned to the entire plateau region stretching across the province from southeast to northwest, which is limited on the east by the lofty ranges of the Rocky Mountains, and on the west by the Island Range. The southern section of the range is crossed by the Columbia River and by the Klamath River, both of which have cut deep gorges. In British Columbia the Fraser River occupies an extensive cañon, where it passes across the range to discharge into the Strait of Georgia.
The Cascade Range in its southern section is marked by extreme ruggedness of outline and by some of the loftiest summits in the United States. In the Shasta group of California, which defines its limit to the south, are Mount Shasta, 14,510 feet, and several other peaks over 10,000 feet in height. In Oregon, it includes Mount Hood, 11,934 feet; Mount Jefferson, 10,200 feet; and Mount Pitt, 9760 feet; while in Washington is the magnificent cone of Mount Rainier (Mount Tacoma), 14,526 feet, with many peaks of lesser altitude, including Mount Baker, 10,500; Mount Saint Helens, 9750; and Mount Adams, 9570 feet. The British Columbian section contains no notable elevations, its character being rather that of a plateau dissected by numerous rivers, with a few prominences rising above the surface to altitudes of 6000 or 7000 feet. The loftier summits of the Cascade Range are extinct volcanoes, and carry heavy snow-fields and glaciers. Igneous and volcanic rocks with Paleozoic strata constitute the central mass, while later sediments form the flanks. Its slopes, in part forested with firs, pine, and hard wood, are drained by the Columbia, Klamath, and Fraser rivers and by a large number of smaller streams, all of which discharge finally into the Pacific Ocean. See topography of Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Casault, Louis Napoleon

Edition of 1905. See also Louis-Napoléon Casault on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ CASAULT, kȧ′zō̇′, Sir Louis Napoleon (1822—). A Canadian jurist, born at Saint Thomas. He was admitted to the bar in 1847, and from 1854 to 1858 was a member, for Montmagny, of the Canadian Legislative Assembly. From 1867 to 1870 he represented Bellechasse in the Canadian House of Commons. He was professor of commercial and maritime law in Laval University from 1858 to 1891, and puisne judge of the Superior Court of Quebec in 1870-91. In 1891 he became Assistant Chief Justice of the court, and in 1894 Chief Justice. He was one of the three commissioners appointed to adjust accounts between Ontario and Quebec, and between those provinces and the Dominion.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Cascade

Edition of 1905. See also the disclaimer.
​ CASCADE. See Waterfall.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Cascarilla

Edition of 1905. See also Croton eluteria on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ CAS′CARIL′LA (Sp., little bark, dim. of cascara, bark, husk, from cascar, to fall, from Lat. cassare, quassare, to shake, from quatire, to shake; associated by popular etymology with Lat. cadere, to fall). A name given in South America to many different kinds of bitter medicinal barks which form articles of commerce. Peruvian bark itself bears no other name in the districts which produce it. The name cascarilla is often used in medicine to denote the bark of Croton eleuteria. This plant is a small shrub found on the low hills of the Bahama Islands. The bark contains an essential oil, cascarillin, and a resin, and is a tonic, invigorating digestion, and pomoting the functions of the stomach. In large doses it is very nauseating.
In medicine, cascarilla is used in the form of an infusion or a tincture, in cases of fermentative dyspepsia, chronic bronchitis, and certain fevers. It is one of the aromatic bitters, and stimulates the appetite and the digestive powers, increases the flow of the digestive juices, and is a mild astringent.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Casca, Publius Servilius

Edition of 1905. See also Servilius Casca on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ CAS′CA, Publius Servilius. The one among the assassins of Julius Cæsar who, according to Plutarch, struck the first blow. This was done across the back of Cesar's neck with a short sword, but the wound was not deadly, and the finishing of the work was left to Brutus and the others.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Cascara Sagrada

Edition of 1905. See also Rhamnus purshiana on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ CASCARA SAGRADA, sȧ-grä′dȧ (Sp., sacred bark), Chittem Bark, or Sacred Bark. The bark of Rhamnus Purshiana, the Californian buckthorn, a tree of the natural order Rhamnaceæ. The bark contains a crystallizable substance, casearin; resins, a volatile oil, and malic, tannic, and oxalic acids. A fluid extract of the bark, as well as casearin, is used for the relief of chronic constipation and also in gout. After prolonged use of it, constipation is cured in many cases, as its action is to increase the peristaltic action of the muscular fibres of the intestine. It is generally used in combination with other laxatives, and it forms an ingredient of many proprietary purgative medicines. See Bark; Buckthorn.
# The Man in the Panther's Skin/Chapter 30

XXX
AVT'HANDIL'S ARRIVAL AT P'HATMAN'S; HER RECEPTION OF HIM AND HER JOY
1054. P'hatman, Usen's wife, met him in front of the door, joyful she saluted him, she showed her pleasure; they greeted each other, they went in and seated themselves. As I have observed, his coming annoyed not Dame P'hatman.
1055. Dame P'hatman was attractive to the eye, not young but brisk, of a good figure, dark in complexion, plump-faced, not wizened, a lover of (female) minstrels and singers, a wine-drinker; she had abundance of elegant gowns and head-dresses.
1056. That night Dame P'hatman entertained him right well. The knight presented beautiful gifts; they that received them said: "They are worthy!" P'hatman's entertainment of him was worth while; by God! she lost not. When they had drunken and eaten, the knight went out to sleep.
1057. In the morning he showed all his wares, he had them all unpacked; the fairest were laid aside for the king, he had the price counted out; he said to the merchants: "Take them away!" He loaded them, (and) had them carried away. He said: "Sell as ye will; reveal not who I am!"
​1058. The knight was clad as a merchant; he was by no means dressed in his proper raiment. Sometimes P'hatman calls on him, sometimes he visits P'hatman. They sat together; they conversed with refined discourse. Absence from him was death to P'hatman, as Ramin's was to Vis.
* ↑ Usalama.
* ↑ T'hvalad mardjve, "rather good-looking."
* ↑ Mzmeli.
* ↑ Shav-gvremani.
* ↑ Mutribni, A., 356, 470, 704, 1440, 1528.
* ↑ To the caravanserai.
* ↑ Lari.
* ↑ Sep'he.
* ↑ Ahcida.
* ↑ Hcvlida, killed.
* ↑ For the Story of the Loves of Vis and Ramin, cf. J.R.A.S., July, 1902. There are two other references in Rust'haveli, 182, 1519.
# The Man in the Panther's Skin/Chapter 34

XXXIV
HERE IS THE SLAYING OF THE CHACHNAGIR AND HIS TWO GUARDS BY AVT'HANDIL
1093. That youth lay alone in his chamber with angry heart. Bloody-handed Avt'handil, strong in stature, entered, he gave him no time to rise, privily he slew him, we could not have perceived it; he laid hold of him, struck him on the ground, slew him with a knife.
1094. He is a sun to them that gaze on him, a wild beast and a terror to those that oppose him. He cut off the finger with the ring, he hurled him down to the ground; he threw him from the window towards the sea, he was mingled with the sands of the sea; for him nowhere is there a tomb, nor spade to dig his grave.
1095. Not a sound of their slaughter was heard. The sweet rose came forth; whereby could he have been so ​embittered? This is a marvel to me, how he could thus steal his blood! As he had lately come, by the same road went he away.
1096. When the lion, the sun, the sweetly-speaking knight, came into P'hatman's (house), he announced: "I have slain him; no more will that youth see sunny day; thy slave himself I have as witness; make him swear an oath in God's name (that I did the deed); behold the finger and the ring, and I have my knife bloodied.
1097. "Now tell me of what thou spakest, why thou wert so furiously enraged. With what did that man threaten thee? I am in great haste (to know it)." P'hatman embraced his legs: "I am not worthy to look on thy face; my wounded heart is healed; now am I ready to extinguish my fires.
1098. "I and Usen with our children are now born anew. O lion, how can we magnify thy praises! Since we may boast that his blood is spilt, I will tell thee all from the beginning; prepare to listen.
* ↑ Var., Chanchagir, Chashnagir, 1183; ? cupbearer. Cf. Abul., pp. 161, 177.
* ↑ Djani, A.
* ↑ Dana.
* ↑ Zari, great noise (Car.).
* ↑ Tsqliani.
* ↑ Moqme.
* ↑ Ch., Usein.
# The Man in the Panther's Skin/Chapter 31

XXXI
P'HATMAN BECOMES ENAMOURED OF AVT'HANDIL; WRITES HIM A LETTER AND SENDS IT
1059. Better, for him who can bear it, is aloofness from woman; she plays with thee and pleases thee, she wins thee over and trusts thee; but in a trice she betrays thee, she cuts whatever pierces; so a secret should never be told to a woman.
1060. Desire of Avt'handil went into the heart of Dame P'hatman, love grew from more to more, it burned her like fire, she essayed to conceal it, but could not hide her woes, she said: "What am I to do, what will avail me?" She rained, she poured forth tears.
1061. "If I tell him this, alas! he will be wroth, even the sight of him will become rare to me; if I tell him not, I cannot endure it, the fire will become more intense. I will speak, let me die or live, let one (or other) be my lot! How can the physician cure him who tells not what hurts him?"
1062. She wrote a piteous letter to be presented to that youth concerning her love, revealing her sufferings, moving ​and shaking the listeners' heart, a letter to be kept, not to be idly torn up.
* ↑ Vilizghebs, 86.
* ↑ Or, "cuts wherever she penetrates"; or, "cuts in order to pierce"—an obscure phrase.
* ↑ Or, "I shall be deprived of the sight of him."
* ↑ Ustari.
* ↑ Shesanakhavi, Ch. Dict.; but sanakhavi is "spectacle," so the meaning may be "a model letter," or "a letter worth showing."
* ↑ Ar dasakheveli.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Elisha

Edition of 1905. See also Elisha on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
ELI'SHA (Heb., Elisha, God is deliverance). A prophet of Israel, who continued the movement of Elijah against the Baal cult. The story of his career is told in II. Kings ii., ix., xiii. as follows: He was the son of Shaphat, and lived at Abel-meholah, where, until his call, he was a farmer (I. Kings xix. 19). While at Horeb Elijah is told to appoint Elisha his successor; this he does by throwing his mantle over him, whereupon Elisha sacrifices the oxen with which he was plowing, and follows Elijah. During the life of his master nothing is heard of Elisha until immediately before Elijah's death. Elisha follows him from Bethlehem to Jericho and then across the Jordan, which Elijah divides with his mantle, and as Elijah is taken up he receives the mantle of his master (II. Kings ii. 13). Elisha also divides the Jordan and comes to Jericho, where he heals the poisonous waters (II. Kings ii. 19-22). On the road to Bethlehem he is met by children who laugh at him for his bald head. He curses them and forty of their number are devoured by two she bears (II. Kings ii. 23-25). He severely rebukes Jehoram and refuses to speak to him, but prophesies for the sake of Jehoshaphat (II. Kings iii.). A wife of one of the sons of the prophets coming to Elisha for aid, he performs the miracle of the oil (II. Kings iv. 1-7), and restores to life the son of another woman who has befriended him (II. Kings iv. 8-37). Another miracle like that performed at Jericho was the removing of the poison from the food prepared by the sons cf the prophets (II. Kings iv. 38-41). Still another miracle is the making twenty loaves of bread serve one hundred men (II. Kings iv. 42-44). He cures Naaman of Syria of his leprosy and refuses to take any return for it and curses his servant Gehazi for having taken a present (II. Kings v.). He strikes the Syrian army with blindness, but sends them away in peace after he has brought them to Samaria (II. Kings vi. 8-23). When he sees Hazael he knows at once the suffering that will be brought on Israel, but still tells Hazael that he will be king (II. Kings viii. 7-15.). To fulfill the prophecy of Elijah, Elisha sends a prophet to anoint Jehu, who promptly kills the family of Ahab and takes the throne (II. Kings ix.). Before the death of Elisha he is visited by Joash and predicts three victories against the Syrians (II. Kings xiii. 14-19). Even after his death Elisha performs miracles; a body thrown upon his bones revives and stands tip (II. Kings xiii. 20-21).
The character of the Elisha stories, it will be seen, is very much the same as that of those told of Elijah. Both perform miracles, restoring dead persons to life, striking the living with disease, predicting victories or disasters, and the like. While not so rugged as Elijah, he surpasses the latter in the political influence that he exercises. The narrative clearly indicates a progress toward the recognition of Yahweh to the exclusion of the Baal cults, so that Elisha's path is considerably smoother owing to the antecedent activity of Elijah.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Ellwangen

Edition of 1905. See also Ellwangen on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
ELLWANGEN, ĕl'wäng-en. The capital of the Circle of Jaxt, Württemberg, Germany, or the Jaxt, 55 miles northeast of Stuttgart (Map: Germany, C 4). It is situated amid beautiful valley scenery, on the slope of a hill crowned by the Hohen-Ellwangen Castle. The Romanesque Stifteskirche, dating from 770, is its most interesting building. In the vicinity are the mineral baths of Schrezeim, and on the Schönenberg, 1710 feet high, the Pilgrimage Church of Loretto. The domestic manufactures of the town are of growing importance. Ellwangen was the capital of a Benedictine principality of 140 square miles until 1802. Population, in 1900, 4747.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Ellesmere, Francis Egerton, first Earl of

Edition of 1905. See also Francis Egerton, 1st Earl of Ellesmere on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
ELLESMERE, ĕlz'mēr, Francis Egerton, first Earl of (1800-1857). An English politician, the second son of the first Duke of Sutherland. He was born in London; graduated at Christ Church, Oxford, in 1820; entered the House of Commons, and was Chief Secretary for Ireland from 1828 to 1830, when he became Secretary of War. Three years later he assumed the name of Lord Francis Egerton, in lieu of his patronymic, Leveson-Gower, and later was created in turn Viscount Brackley and Earl of Ellesmere. In politics a Liberal Conservative, he spoke in behalf of free trade twenty years before Sir Robert Peel embraced the cause. He achieved considerable distinction as a writer of graceful poems, plays, and translations from the German, and as a munificent patron of the arts. His valuable collection of pictures, which he inherited with the estates of the last Duke of Bridgewater, was placed by him in a gallery open to the public.