OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Knute

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​ Knute, f., ‘knout,’ ModHG. only; borrowed from Russ. knut; comp. Peitsche.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Knödel

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​ Knödel, m., ‘dumpling,’ from MidHG. knödel, m., ‘seed-bud, dumpling’; dimin. of MidHG. knode, ‘knot,’ discussed under Knoten.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Knospe

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​ Knospe, f., ‘bud,’ from MidHG. knospe, m., ‘protuberance’; the modern meaning is one of the varied senses in earlier ModHG.; ‘protuberance’ is the prim. signification, hence it is natural to connect Knospe etymologically with Knopf; the latter is to be represented in Goth. by *knuppa-, the former by *knuspan- for *knufspan-; in that case -span would be a suffix; *knaspan- may, however, stand for *knusspan-, and be connected with the root knus appearing in Knorre.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Knubbe

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​ Knubbe, Knuppe, m., ‘knot in wood,’ ModHG. only, from LG. knubbe, the cognates of which see under Knopf. We may also mention MidHG. knübel, to which Knuppe is related, as klauben to Kluppe.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Knöchel

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​ Knöchel, m., from the equiv. MidHG. knöchel, knüchel,. m., ‘knuckle’; dimin. of Knochen, MidHG. knoche; AS. cnucel, MidE. knokil, E. knuckle, and the equiv. Du. knokkel.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Knust

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​ Knust, Knaust, m., ‘crusty piece of bread,’ prop. ‘protuberance,’ especially ‘corner of a loaf,’ from LG.; t is a suffix; for knûs- in the sense of ‘knot,’ see under Knorre.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Knäuel

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​ Knäuel, m. and n., ‘clew,’ from MidHG. kniuwel, kniulîn, kniul, n., ‘small clew or ball’; the n by differentiation represents l on account of the final l (see Knoblauch); MidHG. kliuwel, kliuwelîn, dimins. of MidHG. kliuwe, n., ‘clew, ball’; ​OHG. chliuwelîn, dimin. of chliuwa, chliwa, f., ‘ball, clew’; AS. cleówe, clŷwe, n., MidE. cleewe, E. clew; also AS. cleówen, clŷwen, m. like MidG. klûwen, Du. kluwen, ‘skein.’ OHG. also kliwi, kliuwi, n., MidHG. kliuwe, n., ‘clew.’ A richly developed nominal stem peculiar to West Teut.; the Goth. form is probably *kliwi (kliujis), n. or *kliujô, n.; the root klū̆, by gradation klē̆u, appears also perhaps in Klaue (Goth. *klêwa), which in that case was so called from its contracting; comp. Lat. gluere, ‘to contract,’ glûma, ‘husk,’ also Sans. glâus, ‘bale,’ hence Aryan root glu. Lat. glŏbus and glŏmus are not connected with this word.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Arlesbaum

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​ Arlesbaum, m., ‘service tree,’ from MidHG. OHG. arliz-boum, m., ‘acernus, cornus’; scarcely allied to Erle.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Arm

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​ Arm, m., ‘arm, branch,’ from the equiv. ​MidHG. arm, OHG. aram, arm, m.; a word common to the Teut. group; comp. OSax. arm, Du. arm, AS. earm, E. arm, OIc. armr, Goth. arms, m., ‘arm.’ Like many terms for parts of the body (see Arsch, Fuß, Herz, Knie, Nagel, &c.), Arm extends beyond the Teut. dialects. It is. primit. related to Lat. armus, ‘the topmost part of the upper arm, fore-quarter’ (Gr. ἁρμός, ‘suture, joint, shoulder,’ belongs to another division), OBulg. ramę, ‘shoulder, arm,’ Sans. îrmá-s, m., ‘fore-quarter, arm.’ See Ermel.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Apfel

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​ Apfel, n., ‘apple,’ from the equiv. MidHG. apfel, OHG. apful (also afful, plur. epfili), m.; a word common to the Teut. group, by chance not recorded in Goth. Comp. Du. and LG. appel, m., AS. œppel, m. (in the plur. neut.), E. apple, OIc. eple, n., ‘apple’ (Goth. *aplus, m.?). The apple-tree in West Teut. is *apuldr, f.; comp. OHG. affoltra, AS. apuldr, which are preserved in the local names ModHG. Affoltern, Affaltrach, (Apolda?), Du. Apeldoren, E. Appledore. In spite of this diffusion throughout the entire Teut. group, and of the mention of wild apple-trees in Tacitus, the whole class must be recognised as loan-words (Obst has no connection whatever with ​them). They must, however, have been borrowed long before the beginning of our era, since the Teut. p in apla- has, in accordance with the permutation of consonants, originated in a prehistoric b; comp. Ir. aball, uball, Lith. obůlys, OSlov. alŭko, ‘apple.’ As nothing testifies to the Aryan origin of these oblu- cognates (in Lat. mâlum- Gr. μῆλον), found only in the North of Europe, we must assume that the word was borrowed. The derivation from Lat. malum Abellanum (the Campanian town Abella was famed in antiquity for its apples), is on phonetic and formal grounds doubtful, although in the abstract (comp. Pfirsich) the combination is interesting. No other explanation of how it was borrowed has yet been found. It is noteworthy that for Augapfel, ‘pupil,’ apful alone (as well as ougapful) can be used in OHG.; comp. AS. œppel, n. (plur., also masc.), E. apple of the eye (also eyeball), Du. oogappel; but, on the other hand, OIc. augasteinn.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Arbeit

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​ Arbeit, f., ‘work, labour, employment,’ from MidHG. arbeit, arebeit, OHG. ar(a)beit, f., ‘labour, toil, distress.’ Corresponding to OSax. arƀêdi, n., ‘toil, hardship, suffering,’ arbêd, f., and Du. arbeid, m., AS. earfoð, earfeðe, n., ‘toil, hardship,’ earfeðe, adj., ‘difficult,’ Goth. arbaiþs(d), f., ‘oppression, distress’; OIc. erfiði, n., ‘toil,’ erfiðr, adj., ‘difficult, toilsome.’ Hence ‘toil’ must be accepted as the fundamental meaning of the cognates, and therefore any connection with the stem of Erbe is improbable. It has been compared with greater reason with OSlov. (Russ.) rabota, f., ‘servants' work,’ and rabŭ, robŭ, ‘servant, thrall,’ as prim. cognates, although this comparison is open to doubt. Lat. lâbor, ‘work,’ is at all events certainly not allied to it.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/April

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​ April, m., ‘April,’ from the equiv. MidHG. aprille, aberëlle, m.; from Lat. Aprilis (comp. Fr. avril, Ital. aprile), borrowed at the beginning of the MidHG. period in place of the genuine OHG. ôstarmânôd, ‘Easter-month.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Argwohn

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​ Argwohn, m., from the equiv. MidHG. arcwân, m. (comp. Wahn), ‘suspicion, mistrust’; comp. ModHG. Arglist, f., from MidHG. arclist, f., ‘cunning, malice,’ from arg; even in OHG. arcwânen, ‘to suspect,’ occurs, MidHG. arcwœnen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Armbrust

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​ Armbrust, f., ‘crossbow,’ from the equiv. MidHG. armbrust, n., which must be a corruption of MidLat. arbalista, arcubalista, lit. ‘bow for projectiles’ (Lat. arcus, Gr. βἀλλευν). A compound of Arm and Brust is, properly speaking, impossible in G., especially as the MidHG. word is neut. From MidLat. arbalista comes the equiv. Fr. arbalète; comp. E. arbalist, Du. armborst, Ital. balestra, from the last of which the older ModHG. Balester, ‘cross-bow for shooting bullets,’ is borrowed.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Armel

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​ Armel, see Ermel.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Ar

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​ Ar, m., n., a square measure (about 120 sq. yards), ModHG. only, formed from the equiv. Fr. are (Lat. area).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Arche

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​ Arche, f., ‘ark,’ from MidHG., arche (also arke), OHG. arahha (also archa), f., ‘Noah's ark.’ The ModHG. form with ch (instead of k) seems to point to Upper Germany (Luther’s Bible has Noahs Kasten); OHG. buoh-arahha, ‘book-chest,’ MidHG. arche, ‘chest, money-chest.’ It corresponds to Du. ark, ‘Noah’s ark,’ AS. earc, m., earce, f., ‘chest, covenant, ark, box,’ E. ark, OIc. ǫrk, f., ‘chest, coffin, Noah’s ark,’ Goth. arka, f., ‘box, money-box, Noah's ark.’ This widely diffused word was borrowed at an early period from the equiv. Lat. (also Romance) arca, which, as the meanings of the Teut. group coextensive with those of the Lat. indicate, was not perhaps naturalised on the introduction of Christianity, to which the more recent meaning of ‘Noah's ark’ may refer. Both the word and the thing had probably at the beginning of our era found their way to the Teutons with Lat. cista. See Kiste and Sack.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Juels, Niels

Edition of 1892. No confirmation of this person's existence outside of Appletons' and derived sources has as yet been located, but there is also no verifiable source which states the person is one of Appletons' fictitious entries. Use this information with extra caution. There are spelling and grammatical errors in the titles of two of the alleged literary works.
​JUELS, Niels (yoo'-els), Swedish geographer, b. in Westrogothia in 1729; d. in Upsala in 1793. He was the son of a poor miner, and worked for some time in the mines of Dalecarlia. At the age of nineteen he joined a Dutch merchant-vessel that was bound for South America, but deserted on reaching Buenos Ayres. He was successively a servant, trader, ranchman, and merchant, and for two years remained a prisoner among the Charruas Indians. In 1758 he was converted by Father Quesada, vicar of the cathedral of Buenos Ayres, who took an interest in him and employed his leisure time in giving him lessons. Juels obtained through his influence a brevet of lieutenant in the Spanish army in 1760. In the following year he wedded the daughter of a prosperous Portuguese merchant, who died soon afterward, leaving him all ​her property. Juels then devoted twenty years to travel in South and North America, Europe, and India, returning to Stockholm in 1784. He settled in Upsala, where he received from the university the honorary diploma of LL. D., and obtained letters of nobility from Gustav III. The remainder of his life was devoted to scientific pursuits. Among his works are “Lehrbuch der allgemeinen Geographie” (Upsala, 1787); “En Resa till Norra Amerika” (2 vols., 1787); “En Resa till Södra Amerika” (2 vols., 1789); “En Resa till India” (1789); “Bes Krifning om Amerikanska Maysen” (1790); “Södra Amerikanska Särgoter” (1791); and “Compendium Universi completens geographica descriptio” (1793).
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Julian, George Washington

Edition of 1892.
​JULIAN, George Washington, statesman, b. near Centreville, Ind., 5 May, 1817. He received a common-school education, taught for three years, studied law, and was admitted to practice in 1840. He was elected to the Indiana house of representatives in 1845 as a member of the Whig party; but becoming warmly interested in the slavery question through his Quaker training, severed his party relations in 1848, became one of the founders and leaders of the Free-soil party, was a delegate to the Buffalo convention, and was then elected to con- fress, serving from 3 Dec, 1849, to 3 March, 1851. n 1852 he was a candidate for the vice-presidency on the Free-soil ticket. He was a delegate to the Pittsburg convention of 1856, the first National convention of the Republican party, and was its vice-president, and chairman of the committee on organization. In 1860 he was elected as a Republican to congress, and served on the joint committee on the conduct of the war. He was four times re-elected, and served on the committee on reconstruction, and for eight years as chairman of the committee on public lands. He espoused the cause of woman suffrage as early as 1847, and in 1868 proposed in congress a constitutional amendment conferring the right to vote on women. During the discussions on reconstruction he was zealous in demanding the electoral franchise for the negro. In 1872 he joined the Liberal Republicans, and supported Horace Greeley for president. His most strenuous efforts in congress were directed to the championship of the homestead policy and the preservation of the public lands for the people. In May, 1885, he was appointed surveyor-general of New Mexico. He has published " Speeches on Political Questions." containing a sketch of his life by Lydia Maria Child (Boston, 1872), and " Political Recollections " (Chicago, 1884), and has con- tributed to magazines and reviews articles dealing with political reforms. — His brother, Isaac Hoover, journalist, b. in Wayne county, Ind., 19 June, 1823, removed to Iowa in 1846, "resided there till 1850, and returning to Indiana settled in Centreville and edited the "Indiana True Republican," which he afterward published in Richmond, Ind., under the title of "The Indiana Radical." He occupied several local offices in that town, removed to San Marco, Texas, in 1873, and since that date has edited the " San Marco Free Press." He has published, besides numerous poems, pamphlets, and essays, a " Memoir of David Hoover 1 (Richmond, Ind., 1857).
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Jungmann, John George

Edition of 1892.
​JUNGMANN, John George, missionary, b. in Hockenheim, Palatinate, 19 April, 1720; d. in Bethlehem, Pa., 17 July, 1808. In 1732 he came with his father to this country, and settled at Oley, Berks co., Pa. At that place he witnessed, in 1742, the baptism of the first three Moravian converts from the Indian nation, and was so deeply impressed that he resolved to devote himself to missionary work among the aborigines. He labored with zeal and distinguished success at Gnadenhuetten, Pa., at Pachgatgoch, Conn., at Wyalusing, Pa., at Friedenstadt, on Beaver river, Pa., and in the Tuscarawas valley, Ohio, first as a lay evangelist, and after 1770 as an ordained deacon of the Moravian church. In consequence of the complications that were produced along the western border by the Revolutionary war he retired in 1777 to Bethlehem for a few years, but in 1781 resumed his work in Ohio. It was of but short duration. Jungmann and all the other missionaries were taken prisoners by the Huron half-king and his band of British Indians, carried with the whole body of converts to Sandusky, and eventually brought to Detroit by order of the commandant of that post. The massacre of nearly one hundred Christian Indians in 1782 broke up the flourishing mission in Ohio, the converts scattering in every direction. When at last they returned to their teachers, Jungmann helped to found a new station on Clinton river, in Michigan, and then in 1785, after thirty-five years in the service of the Indian mission, retired to Bethlehem.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Judson, Edward Z. C.

Edition of 1892.
​JUDSON, Edward Z. C., author, b. in Philadelphia, Pa., in 1822; d. in Stamford, Delaware co., N. Y., 16 July, 1886. His father was a lawyer, and intended to educate the son for the bar, but he ran away to sea as a cabin-boy, and the next year shipped on board of a man-of-war. When thirteen years old he rescued the crew of a boat that had been run down by a Fulton ferry boat, and received from President Van Buren a commission as midshipman in the U. S. navy. On being assigned to the “Levant,” he fought seven duels with midshipmen who refused to mess with him because he had been a common sailor, and escaped from each without a wound. During the civil war he was chief of scouts among the Indians, with the rank of colonel, and during his service received twenty wounds. His first literary efforts began with a story of adventure in the “Knickerbocker Magazine” in 1838. He became editor of a weekly story-paper, called “Ned Buntline's Own,” in 1848, and during the Astor place riots was arrested for exciting an outbreak through its columns. In September, 1849, he was sentenced to a $250 fine and a year's imprisonment. After his release he devoted himself to writing sensational stories for weekly newspapers under the pen-name of “Ned Buntline,” and his income from this source is said to have amounted to $20,000 a year. He was a frequent lecturer on temperance, and until the presidential canvass of 1884 was an ardent Republican politician.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Juengling, Frederick

Edition of 1892.
​JUENGLING, Frederick, artist, b. in New York city, 8 Oct., 1846; d. there 31 Dec., 1889. He studied in his native city, adopted art as a profession, and attained to high rank as an engraver. He was a founder of the American society of wood-engravers, its first secretary in 1881-'2, and in 1882-'3 was vice-president of the Art students' league. Mr. Juengling was identified with what is known as the new school in wood-engraving. He received honorable mention at the Paris salon in 1881, and a second-class medal at the International exhibition of fine arts, held in Munich in 1883. Among his works are “The Professor,” engraved after Frank Duveneck, and “The Voice of the Sea,” after Arthur Quartley. His paintings include “The Intruder” (1884); “Westward Bound” (1884); and “In the Street” (1886).
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Julio, E. B. D. Fabrino

Edition of 1892.
​JULIO, E. B. D. Fabrino, artist, b. in the island of St. Helena in 1843; d. in Georgia, 15 Sept., 1879. He was the son of an Italian father and a Scotch mother. After a careful education in Paris, he removed to the United States at the be- ginning of the civil war, lived in the north several years, and, removing to New Orleans, established himself there as a portrait-painter. Revisiting Paris about 1872, he entered the studio of Leon Bonnat, and, returning to New Orleans two years later, established a school of art in that city. His best-known painting, "The Last Meeting of Lee and Jackson," is a composition of merit. His " Diana," the " Harvest Scene," exhibited at the Centennial in 1876, a sketch of " Kernochan's Plan- tation," and several Louisiana landscapes, although defective in color, show him to have been a rapid and skilful draughtsman, and an original artist.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Jumel, Eliza Bowen

Edition of 1892.
​JUMEL, Eliza Bowen, heiress, b. at sea between France and the West Indies in 1769; d. in New York, 16 July, 1865. Her mother, whose name was Capet, died at her birth, and the daughter was adopted by a Mrs. Thompson, of Newport, R. I. At seventeen years of age Eliza eloped with and married Col. Peter Croix, a British officer, and, removing to New York city, became, through her great beauty and talents, the friend and favorite of many distinguished men of the age. Her unbounded love of admiration caused her to commit many imprudences, from which her reputation suffered. After the death of Col. Croix, she married, about 1801, Stephen Jumel, a French wine-merchant of great wealth. She then removed to Paris, and became a leader of fashion under the patronage of the Marquis de Lafayette. In a few years she spent a large portion of Jumel's fortune by her extravagance, but, returning to the United States, devoted herself to its restoration with such success that she soon regained all she had dissipated. After Jumel's death she sought legal advice from Aaron Burr, with whom she had been acquainted in her youth. He was at that time seventy-eight years of age, but the pair were married in 1830. On Burr's losing, in Texas speculations, a large sum of money that she had put in his hands a few days after the wedding, she filed a complaint against him, and a separation ensued, although a divorce was not granted. The remainder of her life was spent in retirement in New York city. The Jumel estate on the Harlem river, near Manhattanville, has recently been divided and sold as city lots, but the mansion erected by Col. Roger Morris in 1758, represented in the accompanying illustration, still remains in the possession of her heirs one of the most interesting of the old landmarks of Manhattan island. Washington used it as his headquarters, and there Madame Jumel, who purchased it in 1810, entertained Joseph Bonaparte, Moreau, and many other distinguished men. There, too, on a rocky eminence overlooking the river, Fitz-Greene Halleck wrote his famous lines on the Greek patriot “Marco Bozzaris.”