# The Zoologist/4th series, vol 5 (1901)

THE ZOOLOGIST:
A MONTHLY JOURNAL
OF
NATURAL HISTORY.
FOURTH SERIES.—VOL. V.
EDITED BY
W.L. DISTANT
LONDON:
WEST, NEWMAN, & CO., 54, HATTON GARDEN. SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, & CO., Ltd.
1901.
Contents of Issues
(covers of all twelve issues - front and back, 48 pages in total - are collected at the back)
PREFACE.
The issue of the December number terminates another volume of 'The Zoologist,' and, although our pages have been necessarily—and, we hope, temporarily—reduced to the status of a previous standard, our contributors have worthily upheld the zoological position of the Journal.
In Mammalia, during what we may call the "Okapia" year, we have published full obituary notices of the Quagga (Equus quagga), and the Blaauwbok (Hippotragus leucophæus), and given illustrations of those now apparently extinct South African animals; while from the same region we have received an explanation of some tradition respecting the Scaly Ant-Eater (Mnis temmincki) . Our own British species have not been neglected, and the notes thereon are as full and interesting as usual.
Of course, in Aves we have found our strength, and the papers and notes thereon show no diminution in the activity of our ornithological contributors. Among so much information we can here refer to few features, but the record of the Wigeon (Mareca penelope) breeding in Ireland, and that, of the American Wigeon (M. americana) breeding in Iceland, are new facts of the highest ornithological interest.
Reptilia have not incited so many recorded observations as might have been wished, but we have noticed the publication of a book on British species, in which is reproduced much that had been previously recorded by the author in these pages.
Pisces.—We are still anxious for more information on this subject in 'The Zoologist.' At present there is a distinct "slump" in Fish contributions. Perhaps the most interesting record we received was that of the occurrence of the File-Fish (Balistes capriscus) off Brighton.
​Other Orders of British animal life seem, so far as our pages are concerned, to excite small interest. We hope in future volumes that this cannot be said.
Another feature in 1901 has been a biographical element, or what we may venture to style a commencement of "patristic zoology." Thus we have had an appreciation of "Dante as a Naturalist," and a most interesting paper on "Early Ornithologists," written, alas! by an old contributor whose valued communications we shall never receive again.
Everywhere Zoology is an advancing science. This year the International Congress held its meeting at Berlin, while the publication of books relating to animal life is ever on the increase; and, though much of this literature may be of a compilative description, and designed for "popular" uses, it still proves that the reading public are not uninterested in the animal life around them. On all sides Zoology receives a fresh support. It is no longer the sluggard who is bid to study the way of the Ant, but the philosopher, and even the politician. Evolution has received its strongest credentials from Zoology, and Evolution is now a force recognized as much in the life of the city as in that of the fields. We can realize the past when the zoologist would be considered a "crank"; we well understand the modern equivalent of estimating the science as a "hobby"; but it only remains for zoologists to render it one of the factors in assisting to explain the mysteries of our own existence; and this may perhaps be best achieved by the bionomical method of 'The Zoologist.'
CONTENTS.
ALPHABETICAL LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS.
Andrews, C. W.
    Fossil Vertebrates from Egypt, 318
Aplin, O.V., F.L.S., M.B.O.U.
    Robin in Shetland, 106; Marsh-Warbler at Bath, 106; The origin and meaning of the names of British Birds, 109; Further notes from Lleyn, West Carnarvonshire, 141; Robin in Shetland, 154; The Whiskered Bat in Oxfordshire, 315; Great Black-backed Gull inland in Wales, 317; Montagu's Harrier in Northamptonshire, 476; The Ring-necked Duck as a British bird, 476
Archibald, Charles F.
    Nesting of Long-eared Owl, 31
Austen, E.E.
    Ornithomyia avicularia, 357
Backhouse, J.
    Hybrid Crow, and White Wagtail, in Merioneth, 30; The Birds of Yorkshire, 33; Varieties of the Dunlin, 91
Barrett-Hamilton, G.E.H.
    The coloration of the Variable Hare, 221; Note on the origin of sexual dimorphism, and of nuptial weapons and ornamentation, 420
Benson, Charles W.
    With the birds in May, 1901, 272
Bevir, J.L., M.A.
    Dante as a Naturalist, 361
Bingham, C.T., Lieut.-Col.
    Nesting of the Pigmy Falcon in Upper Burma, 224; Hoopoe at Reigate, 269
Bonhote, J. Lewis, M.A., F.Z.S.
    The nesting habits of Moor-hens, 71; Varieties of the Dunlin, 185; Notes on the Sciuridæ, 241
Bradshaw, George W.
    Weights of Birds, 111; Habits of Alcedo hispida, 354; Regulus cristatus near Reading, 472; Little Owl at Henley, 476; Peregrine Falcon in Berkshire, 476
Bucknill, John A., M.A.
    Ornithological notes from Surrey, 247
Butler, Lieut.-Col. E.A.
    Notes from Suffolk, 477
Butterfield, E.P.
    Habits of the Ring-Ouzel, 28; Distribution of the Stonechat in Yorkshire, 64
Butterfield, W. Ruskin
    Occurrence of the Willow-Tit in Sussex, 29; Breeding of the Blue-headed Wagtail in Sussex, 389; Occurrence of the Broadbilled Sandpiper in Sussex, 390
Buxton, C.S.
    Vanessa polychloros in December, 32
Carter, Thomas
    Notes from Point Cloates, N.W. Australia, 255
Charbonnier, H.J.
    Sparrow-Canary hybrid, 353; Variety of Vesperugo pipistrellus, 472
Clarke, W.J.
    The sloughing of Serpents, 391; Notes from Scarborough, 477; Mosquitoes at Scarborough, 479
Coburn, F.
    The occurrence of the Red-throated Pipit in Ireland, 264; Lesser White-fronted Goose in Norfolk, 317; Brief notes on an expedition to the North of Iceland in 1899, 403; Icelandic names of birds, 478
Comber, Alfred T.
    A dipterous parasite in the plumage of birds, 357
​Corbin, G.B.
    Variety of Pied Wagtail, 154; Wildfowl on the Hampshire Avon during the winter of 1900–1, 156; Osprey in Hampshire, 427; Great Snipe and variety ot Swallow in Hampshire, 428; A dipterous parasite in the plumage of birds, 430; American Yellow-billed Cuckoo (Coccyzus americanus) at Ringwood, 474
Cottney, John
    Wigeon breeding in Ireland, 269
Coward, T.A.
    Non-protective coloration in the Variable Hare, 73; Climbing powers of the Long-tailed Field-Mouse, 221; The Sand-Lizard in the North of England, 355
Davenport, H.S.
    Early Jack-Snipe, 31
Distant, W.L.
    The death of Queen Victoria; Animal intelligence, 190; The File-Fish, 226; The protection of British Birds, 230; The late Eleanor A. Ormerod, LL.D., 310; Biological Suggestions—Animal Sense Perceptions, 321; The Scaly Ant-Eater, 352; The late Rev. H. A. Macpherson, 480
Duncan, Stanley
    Notes on Bird-life from Redcar and District, 108; Varieties of the Dunlin, 156; Notes from Redcar, Yorkshire, 477
Edwards, L.A. Curtis
    Rose-coloured Pastor in Kent, 223; Broad-billed Sandpiper in Kent, 390
Elliott, J. Steele-
    Notes on the House-Martin and Sand-Martin, 69; Nesting of the Jackdaw, 70; Nightjar hawking May-flies, 70; Observations on the Noctule, 153; An unrecorded Kite obtained in Huntingdonshire, 354; Notes on the Swift, and the number of days taken in incubation, 473
Ellison, Rev. Allan
    Breeding habits of the Swift, 384; Chiffchaff singing in autumn, 424
Evans, H.M.
    The Little Bittern in Cornwall, 354
Field, Eastwick- C.
    Lesser Redpoll nesting in Sussex, 315
Finn, Frank
    Rosefinch released in Devon, 267; Pairing manœeuvres of Pigeons, &c., 270; Great Crested Lark, &c., released in England, 353
Flower, S.S., Capt.
    Sand-Lizard in Berkshire, 430
Forrest, H.E.
    The building of a Dormouse's nest, 68; Hairy-plumaged Moorhens, 108; Red-footed Falcon in Shropshire, 224; Palmate Newt in Carnarvonshire, 225; Autumnal litter of Dormice, 423; Richard's Pipit in North Wales, 425; Hobby breeding in Shropshire, 426
Fowler, W. Warde, M.A.
    On the winter singing of the Song-Thrush, 212
Fox, W. Storrs
    Little Bustard in Derbyshire, 270
Fryer, Herbert Fortesque
    Note on the weight and specific gravity of some common eggs, 110
Gill, E. Leonard
    Miscellaneous jottings on bird songs, 449
Grabham, Oxley, M.A.
    The birds of Yorkshire, 33; The protection of British birds, 226
Grant, C.H.B.
    Yellow Wagtails wintering in the Isle of Man, 69
Graves, Frank S.
    Black Tern in Cheshire, 188; Birds observed on the Calf of Man, 468
Gunning, J.W.B., Dr.
    Experiments in hybridity at Pretoria, 263
Gurney, J.H., F.L.S., F.Z.S.
    British-killed Egrets, 107; Ornithological notes from Norfolk for 1900, 121; Red-footed Falcon in Essex, 426
Haagner, Alwin C.
    The Aardwolf in the Transvaal Colony, 219; Suggested mimicry of the South African Weasel, 220
Haigh, G.H. Caton
    Red-necked Phalarope in Lincolnshire, 72; Migration of birds in N.E. Lincolnshire during the autumn of 1900, 201
​Harvey, Arthur W. Hext
    Black Tern in Cornwall, 188
Horsbrugh, Charles Bethune
    Nesting of the Marsh-Warbler in Somersetshire, 472
Horton, B.J.
    Notes on the Leopard Snake in confinement, 159
Howard, H.E., F.Z.S.
    The Grasshopper Warbler in North Worcestershire, 60; On the increase of the Starling and the Hawfinch, 463
Janson, Oliver E., F.E.S.
    William Doherty, 386
Johnson, T. P.
    "The mode of progression of the Phalacrocoracidæ," 31
Jourdain, Rev. F.C.E.
    On the breeding habits of the Swift in Derbyshire, 286; Number of eggs laid by the Swift, 426
Langdale, Rev. H. Marmaduke
    Nutcracker in Sussex, 107; BankVole in Sussex, 158
Leighton, Gerald, M.B.
    A plague of Snakes, 25; Black Adder in South Wales, 273; Sloughing in Serpents, 301
Lewis, Stanley
    The vibrating sounds of the Lesser Spotted Woodpecker, 184
Lodge, R.B.
    Photo-trapping Purple Herons and Spoonbills, 290; Some strange nesting habits in Holland, 318; Ægialitis hiaticula nesting in Middlesex (within London postal district), 389
Lumsden, Ernest S.
    The Sand-Lizard in Berkshire, 479
Macpherson, Rev. H.A., M.A.
    Varieties of the Dunlin, 187; The Lesser Spotted Woodpecker, 223; The rarer birds of the Solway Firth, 281; The origin of the name "Fulmar," 355; Early ornithologists, 376; The Water-Chanter of Turner, 480
Marshall, Guy A.K.
    Note on the Scaly Ant-Eater, 351
Martin, Basil W.
    Curious accident to a young Mistle-Thrush, 222
Meiklejohn, A.H.
    The names of British Birds, 72; Early Jack-Snipe, 108; Nesting of the Jackdaw, 154; Chiffchaflf singing in autumn, 388; Waxwing at Scarborough, 473
Mennell, Henry T., F.L.S.
    House-Martins in November, 30
Nelson, T.H.
    The Birds of Yorkshire, 32; Glossy Ibis in Durham, 185
New, Oliver H.
    A few further notes on the Great Spotted Woodpecker, 95; Lesser Spotted Woodpecker, 107
Newman, T.P., F.R.Met.Soc.
    The late Eleanor A. Ormerod, LL.D., 312
Newstead, Robert
    Little Egret in Yorkshire, 70
Nicoll, Michael John
    Baird's Sandpiper in Sussex, 31; Some appearances of the Ring-Ouzel at St. Leonard's-on-Sea, 69; Siskins in Sussex, 426; Osprey at Eye Harbour, 427
Noble, H.
    The Birds of Berkshire, 274
Oddi, Prof. E. Arrigoni degli
    Bird notes from Brembana Valley, 1
Oldham, Charles
    Observations on the Noctule, 51
Page, Wesley T.
    Molluscs eaten by Wood-Pigeons, 73
Parkin, Thomas
    Common Roller in Sussex, 316
Patterson, Arthur
    Lesser Rorqual Whale, 28; The Birds of Great Yarmouth and the neighbourhood, 98, 294; Black Rat in Great Yarmouth, 153; Weights of birds, 159; Notes from Great Yarmouth, 160; Spoonbills at Great Yarmouth, 269; Spotted Ray at Great Yarmouth, 274; Storm Petrel in confinement, 478
Pike, Oliver G.
    The nesting habits of Moor-hens, 17
Playne, Herbert C.
    Blackcap singing in February, 106
Pocock, R.I., F.Z.S.
    Pigmy Shrew in Yorkshire, 388; Stoat and Weasel trapping, 388; The distribution of the Diadem Spider, 393; De Winton's Wood-Mouse in Worcestershire, 423
​Ralfe, P.
    Birds observed on the Calf of Man, 468
Ramsbotham, R.H.
    Active mimicry by the Chaffinch, 223
Renshaw, Graham, M.B.
    The true Quagga, 41; Notes on the Egyptian Jerboa in captivity, 305; The Blaauwbok, 441
Roberts, T. Vaughan
    Autumnal litter of Dormice, 472
Russell, Harold
    A stronghold of the Chough, 268; Birds in Lisbon, 270
Saxby, T. Edmondston
    Robin in Shetland, 154: Notes from Shetland, 189; Ornithological notes from Shetland, 391
Selous, Edmund
    An observational diary of the habits, mostly domestic, of the Great Crested Grebe and of the Peewit, 161, 339, 454
Skipworth, R.M.
    Bats carrying their young, 315
Southwell, Thomas, F.Z.S.
    Lowestoft Fish-Wharf. 21; Notes on the Seal and Whale Fishery of 1900, 81
Ticehurst, N.F.
    Siskins in Orkney, 425
Toms, Herbert S.
    File Fish off Brighton, 225
Townsend, G.
    White Wagtails near Southport, 184; Chiffchaff singing in autumn, 424
Trumbull, J.
    Goldcrest seven hundred miles from land, 423
Tuck, Julian G.
    Shag in West Suffolk, 70; Early breeding of Wood-Pigeon and Snipe, 185; Cuckoo's eggs, 317; Birds in nest-boxes, 318; Sandwich Tern on the Norfolk coast, 390; Leadbeater's Cockatoo breeding in England, 478
Warner, W.H.
    Bittern in Oxfordshire, 71; Sand-Lizard in Berkshire, 392; Chiffchaff singing in autumn, 424
Westell, W. Percival
    The early life of the young Cuckoo, 155
Whitaker, J.
    Rare birds in Nottinghamshire, 158; White Leveret at Rainworth, Notts, 423
Williams & Son
    Variety of the Shag, 354; Puffin off the coast of Kerry, 355
Williams, W.J.
    Wood-Sandpiper in Co. Dublin, 390
Wilson, W.
    Some March notes from Aberdeen, 189
Witchell, Charles A.
    The winter singing of the Song-Thrush, 263
Workman, W.H.
    A breeding station of the Puffin, 429
ALPHABETICAL LIST OF SUBJECTS.
Aardwolf in Transvaal Colony, 219
Aberdeen, March notes from, 189
Acanthis hornemanni, 407; linaria, 283; linaria rostrata in Island of Barra, 440
Accentor collaris, 9; modularis, 9, 204, 469
Accipiter nisus, 208
Acredula caudata, 8; irbyi, 8
Acrocephalus palustris, 106, 473; phragmitis, 204
Adder, Black, in South Wales, 273
Ægialitis asiatica, 99; cantiana, 99; hiaticula, 99, 389, 413; ruficapilla, 255
Ægiothus linaria, 12; rufescens, 12
Æsalon regulus, 6
Affection among birds, 140
Africa, South, vanishing mammalian fauna, 115; migration of birds in, 195
Alauda arborea, 11; arvensis, 11, 207, 470
Albino Leveret, 423
Alca torda, 297, 416, 471
Alcedo ispida, 7; habits of, 354
Alligator eggs, artificial incubation of, 197
America, North, Wheatears in, 197
Ampelis garrulus, 8, 473
Amytis striata, 256
Anas boscas, 208, 410; strepera, 410
Animal intelligence, 190; sense perceptions, 321
Animals, game, of Cape Colony, 114; marine, improved method of preparing and preserving specimens, 199; predatory, average weights of, 236
Anser albifrons, 410; brachyrhynchus, 208; cinereus, 408; erythropus, 317
Anseranus semipalmata, 260
Ant-Eater, Scaly, 351
Anthus campestris, 11; cervinus, 11, 264; obscurus, 204, 405, 469; pratensis, 11, 204, 405, 469; richardi, 11, 283, 425; spinoletta, 11; trivialis, 11; sp.? 405
Ants, American, compound and mixed nests of, 440
Aquila chrysaëtos, 5; maculata, 5
Aranea diadema, 393
Archibuteo lagopus, 5
Arcturus, 337
Ardea alba, 107; cinerea, 15, 208; purpurea, 15, 290; garzetta, 70, 107
Ardeola ralloides, 15
Ardetta minuta, 354
Ashanti, forests and birds in, 399
Asio accipitrinus, 6, 189; brachyotus, 283; otus, 6, 31, 189, 207
Astur palumbarius, 6
Athene noctua, 476
Australian Ornithological Union, 439
Balænoptera rostrata, 28
Balistes capriscus, 225
Bat, Whiskered, in Oxfordshire, 315
Bats carrying their young, 315
Beetles, stridulating organs of, 40
Bernicla brenta, 284; leucopsis, 284
Biblis rupestris, 8
Biological Suggestions—Animal Sense Perceptions, 321
Bird notes, from Brembana Valley, 1; life, from Redcar and district, 108; migration, in Great Britain and Ireland, 117,—-in South Africa, 195; songs, 449
Birds of Yorkshire, 32, 33; of Great Yarmouth and neighbourhood, 98, 294; British, origin and meaning of names of, 72, 109; affection among, 140; rare, in Nottinghamshire, 158; weights of, 111, 159; migration of, 117, 195, 201; British, protection of, 226; in Lisbon, 270; with the, in May, 1901, 272; of Berkshire, 274; rarer, of Solway Firth, 281; in Ashanti, 399; in nest-boxes, 318; dipterous parasite in plumage of, 357, 430; observed on Calf of Man, 468; Icelandic names of, 478
Birds' eggs, weight and specific gravity of some, 110, 111
Bittern in Oxfordshire, 71,—in Surrey, 252; Little, in Cornwall, 354
Blaauwbok (with Plate), 441
Blackcap singing in February, 106
​Blanford, W.T., on Zoological divisions of British India, 113
Bombycilla garrulus, 283
Bonasa betulina, 14
Books, Natural History (Crowley Coll.), sale of, 200
Books Noticed:—
    Animal Behaviour, by C. Lloyd Morgan, 34
    Problems of Evolution, by F.W. Headley, 35
    Reminiscences of a Falconer, by Major Charles Hawkins Fisher, 37
    The Birds of Glamorgan, 38
    Guide to the Zoological Collections exhibited in the Bird Gallery of the Indian Museum (Calcutta), by F. Finn, 40
    British Flies, by G.H. Verrall, 76
    The Mammals of South Africa, by W.L. Sclater, vol. i., 77; vol. ii., 234
    The Crocodilians, Lizards, and Snakes of North America, by Edward Drinker Cope, 79
    Lord Lilford, a Memoir, by his Sister, 80
    American Hydroids, Part I., the Plumularidæ, by Charles Cleveland Nutting, 191
    Zoological Results based on Materials from New Britain, New Guinea, Loyalty Islands, and elsewhere, by Arthur Willey, 192
    First on the Antarctic Continent, being an Account of the British Antarctic Expedition, 1898-1900, by C.E. Borchgrevink, 192
    Text-Book of Zoology, treated from a Biological Standpoint: Part II., Birds, Reptiles, Fishes; Part III., Invertebrates, by Dr. Otto Schmeil, 193
    The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma, edited by W.T. Blanford: Arachnida, by R.I. Pocock, 194
    Geological Antiquity of Insects, by Herbert Goss, 197
    A Handbook of British Birds, showing the Distribution of the Resident and Migratory Species in the British Islands, &c., by J.E. Harting, 231
    The Life and Letters of Gilbert White of Selborne, by Rashleigh Holt-White, 232
    The Birds of Siberia, a Record of a Naturalist's Visits to the Valleys of the Petchora and Yenesei, by Henry Seebohm, 233
    Zoological Gleanings from the Royal Indian Marine Survey Ship 'Investigator,' by Dr. A.W. Alcock, 239
    Animal Life, a First-Book of Zoology, by D.S. Jordan and V.L. Kellogg, 275
    A Synopsis of the Mammals of North America and the adjacent Seas, by Daniel Giraud Elliot, 276
    Our Country's Shells, and how to know them, a Guide to the British Mollusca, by W.J. Gordon, 277
    Taxidermy, comprising the Skining, Stuffing, and Mounting of Birds, Mammals, and Fish, edited by Paul N. Hasluck, 277
    Cambridge Natural History—Amphibia and Reptiles, by Hans Gadow, 320
    Essays and Photographs—Some Birds of the Canary Islands and South Africa, by Henry E. Harris, 359
    A Descriptive Catalogue of the Indian Deep-Sea Crustacea—Decapoda, Macrura, and Anomala, in the Indian Museum, &c., by Dr. A. Alcock, 360
    Bird-Watching, by Edmund Selous, 394
    Manual of the Birds of Iceland, by Henry H. Slater, 395
    The Life-History of British Serpents, and their Local Distribution in the British Isles, by Gerald R. Leighton, 396
    A Treatise on Zoology, edited by E. Ray Lankester, the Platyhelmia, Mesozoa, and Nemertini, by W. Blaxland Benham, 432
    Use-Inheritance, illustrated by the direction of Hair on the Bodies of Animals, by Walter Kidd, 433
    Biometrika, a Journal for the Statistical Study of Biological Problems, 436
    General Report on the Investigations in Porto Rico of the U.S. Fish Comm. Steamer 'Fish Hawk' in 1899, by Barton Warren Evermann, ​
    Catalogue of the Arctiadæ (Arctianæ) and Agaristidæ in the Collection of the British Museum, by Sir George F. Hampson, Bart., 436
    Fauna, Flora, and Geology of the Clyde Area, edited by G.F. Scott Elliot, Malcolm Laurie, and J. Barclay Murdoch, 437
    How to Know the Indian Ducks, by F. Finn, 437
Botaurus stellaris, 71, 108, 208
Breeding, early, of Wood-Pigeon and Snipe, 185; of Straw-necked Ibis in W. Australia, 261; of Wigeon in Ireland, 269; of Swift, 286, 384, 426, 474; of Blue-headed Wagtail in Sussex, 389; of American Wigeon in Iceland, 411; of Hobby in Shropshire, 426; of Leadbeater's Cockatoo in England, 478
Brembana Valley, bird notes from, 1
Bubo ignavus, 7
Budytes borealis, 10; cinereocapillus, 10; feldeggi, 10; flavus, 10
Bunting, Cirl, 251
Bustard, Little, in Derbyshire, 270; in Sussex, 428
Buteo ferox, 6; lagopus, 283
Butorides javanica, 257
Butterflies, Kanara, food-plants, 198; of Borneo, seasonal variation in, 198
Cacatua leadbeateri, 478
Caccabis rufa, 15; saxatilis, 14
Calamodus schœnobænus, 10
Calf of Man, birds observed on, 468
Calidris arenaria, 103, 284
Cambridge Museums and Lecture-Rooms Syndicate, Annual Report, 280
Cape Colony, larger game animals of, 114
Caprimulgus europæus, 7, 70, 391
Carduelis elegans, 12
Carpodacus erythrinus, 267
Cephalophus monticola, 448
Certhiæ, 9
Certhia familiaris, 9
Chaffinch, active mimicry by, 223
Chanter, Water, of Turner, 480
Charadrius pluvialis, 15, 99, 189, 209, 414
Chaulelasmus streperus, 284
Chelidon urbica, 8, 30, 69
Chiffchaff singing in autumn, 388, 424
Chlorophila citrinella, 12
Chough, 248, 250; a stronghold of, 268
Chrysomitris spinus, 12, 283, 425, 426
Cinclus aquaticus?, 480; melanogaster, 9; merula, 9
Circætus gallicus, 5
Circus æruginosus, 6; cineraceus, 6, 477; cyaneus, 6
Clangula glaucion, 283; islandica, 412
Clepsine, 335
Clupea alosa, 23
Coccothraustes vulgaris, 12, 205
Coccyzus americanus, 474
Cockatoo, Leadbeater's, breeding in England, 478
Coluber leopardinus, 159
Columba palumbus, 283
Colymbus adamsi, 298; arcticus, 298; glacialis, 284, 298, 417; septentrionalis, 283, 298, 417
Conger vulgaris, 160
Connochætes gnu, 78
Coracias garrulus, 7, 316
Corixidæ, 200
Corvus corax, 13. 407, 470; cornix, 13, 30, 207, 283, 470; corone, 13, 30, 207, 407; frugilegus, 13, 189, 207, 470; monedula, 13, 70, 154, 470
Cosmonetta histrionica, 412
Cotile riparia, 8, 69, 469
Coturnix communis, 14
County Records:—
    Berkshire—Birds of, 274; Alcedo ispida, 354; Chiffchaff, 424; Sand-Lizard, 392, 430, 479; Regulus cristatus, 472; Peregrine Falcon, 476
    Cambridgeshire—Birds' eggs, 110
    Cheshire—Noctule, 51; Black Tern, 188; Long-tailed Field-Mouse, 221
    Cornwall—Black Tern, 188; Little Bittern, 354
    Derbyshire—Little Bustard, 270; Swift, 286, 426
    Devonshire—Rosefinch, 267
    Durham—Glossy Ibis, 185
    Essex—Red-footed Falcon, 426
    Gloucestershire—Blackcap, 106; Sparrow-Canary hybrid?, 353; Vesperugo pipistrellus, 472
    Hampshire—Pied Wagtail, 154; Wildfowl, 156; Osprey, 427; Great Snipe, 428; variety of Swallow, 428; American Yellow-billed Cuckoo. ​
    Hertfordshire—Cuckoo, 155: Dormice, 472
    Huntingdonshire—Kite, 354
    Kent—House-Martin, 30; Rose-coloured Pastor, 223; Chiffchaff, 388; Broad-billed Sandpiper, 390
    Lancashire—Long-eared Owl, 31; White Wagtail, 184; Chiffchaff, 424
    Leicestershire—Jack-Snipe, 31
    Lincolnshire—Red-necked Phalarope, 72; Migration of birds, 201; Bats carrying their young, 315
    Middlesex—Mistle-Thrush, 222; with the birds, 272; Ægialitis hiaticula, 389
    Norfolk—Lesser Rorqual Whale, 28; Birds of Yarmouth and neighbourhood, 98, 294; notes, 121, 160; spring migration, 121; Little Bustard, 122; Long-tailed Duck, 123; Little Auk, 124; Green Woodpecker, 128; Cuckoo, 130; hybrid ducklings, 132; Corn-Crake, 133; Red necked Grebe, 134; Black Rat, 153; Spoonbill, 269; Spotted Ray, 274; Lesser White-fronted Goose, 317; Sandwich Tern, 390; Storm Petrel in confinement, 478
    Northamptonshire—Montagu's Harrier, 476
    Nottinghamshire—Great Grey Shrike, 158; Snow-Bunting, 158; Goosander, 158; White Leveret. 423
    Oxfordshire—Bittern, 71; Whiskered Bat, 315; Little Owl, 476
    Shropshire—Dormouse, 68, 423; Moor-hen, 108; Chaffinch, 223; Red-footed Falcon, 224; Hobby, 426
    Somersetshire—Marsh-Warbler, 106, 472; Lesser Spotted Woodpecker, 184
    Suffolk—Lowestoft Fish-wharf, 21: Shag, 70; Great Crested Grebe, 161; Wood-Pigeon, 185; Snipe, 185; Cuckoo, 317; birds in nest-boxes, 318; notes, 477
    Surrey—Vanessa polychloros, 32; notes, 247; Hoopoe, 269
    Sussex—Willow-Tit, 29; Baird's Sandpiper, 31; Ring-Ouzel, 69; Nutcracker, 107; Bank-Vole, 153; File-Fish, 225; Lesser Redpoll, 315; Common Roller, 316; Ornithomyia avicularia, 357; Blue-headed Wagtail, 389; Broad-billed Sandpiper, 390; Siskin, 426; Osprey, 427; Little Bustard, 428; Leadbeater's Cockatoo, 478
    Warwickshire—Leopard Snake, 159; Chiffchaff, 424
    Worcestershire—Grasshopper Warbler, 60; House-Martin, 69; Sand-Martin, 69; Jackdaw, 70; Nightjar, 70; Great Spotted Woodpecker, 95; Lesser Spotted Woodpecker, 107; Noctule, 153; De Winton's Wood-Mouse, 423
    Yorkshire—Ring-Ouzel, 28; Birds of, 32, 33; Stonechat, 64; Little Egret, 70; Dunlin, 91; birdnotes, 108; Dunlin, 156; Pigmy Shrew, 388; Stoat and Weasel trapping, 388; Waxwing, 473; Sooty Shearwater, 477; Sandwich Tern, 477; Montagu's Harrier, 477; Black Tern, 477; Black Guillemot, 477; Grey Phalarope, 477; Mosquitoes, 479
Cracticus nigrigularis, 259
Crex pratensis, 209, 470
Crossbill, 251
Crow, hybrid, 30
Cuckoo, 7, 207, 251, 317, 470; young, early life of, 155; American Yellow-billed at Ringwood, 474
Cuckoos' eggs, 317
Cuculus canorus, 7, 155, 207, 251, 317, 470
Culex annulatus, 480; fatigans, life-history, 439
Curlew, 253
Cursorius gallicus, 283
Cuttle-fishes and Dolphins, encounter between, 238
Cyanecula wolfi, 10
Cyclopterus lumpus, 160
Cygnus bewicki, 284; musicus, 284, 410
Cypselus apus, 8; melba, 8
Dafila acuta, 284, 411
Dante as a naturalist, 361
Delamere Forest, 239
Delphinus delphis, 22
Dendrocopus major, 7, 95, 207, 283, ​391; medius, 7; minor, 7, 107, 184, 223
Dendrocycna fulva, 270
Diary, Observational, of habits of Great Crested Grebe and of the Peewit, 161, 339, 454
Dimorphism, sexual, 420
Dipus jaculus, 305
Dolphins and Cuttle-fish, encounter between, 238
Dormouse nest, building of a, 68; autumnal litter, 423, 472
Duck, Ring-necked, as a British bird, 476; Tufted, 252
Dunlin, 253; varieties, 91 (fig., 92), 156, 185, 187
Echinus esculentus, 323
Eggs, common, weight and specific gravity of some, 110, 111; of Alligator, artificial incubation, 197; of Cuckoo, 317
Egret, Little, in Yorkshire, 70
Egrets, British-killed, 107
Elanus axillaris, 258
Emberiza cia, 11; cirlus, 11; citrinella, 11, 206; hortulana, 11; melanocephala, 353; pusilla, 11; rustica, 11; miliaria, 206; schœniclus, 206
Emblema picta, 261
'Emu,' The, 439
Equus burchellii, 49; hemionus, 46; quagga, 42, 47, 49
Erithacus rubecula, 10, 106, 154, 203, 469
Erythrogonys cinctus, 255
Erythropus vespertinus, 6
Esacus magnirostris, 260
Eudromias morinellus, 15, 99
Expedition to the North of Iceland, in 1899, 401
Falco æsalon, 208, 408; islandus, 407; peregrinus, 6, 208, 470, 476; subbuteo, 426; tinnunculus, 208, 470; vespertinus, 224, 426
Falcon, Labrador, picture of, by Wolf, reproduced, 400; Peregrine, in Berkshire, 476; Pigmy, nesting in Upper Burma, 224; Red-footed, with Sirex vulgaris in stomach, in Shropshire, 224,—in Essex, 426
Fauna, mammalian, of S, Africa, 115; of North-Eastern Rhodesia, 397
Ficedula atricapilla, 8; collaris, 8
Fish, File-, off Brighton, 225
Fish-wharf, Lowestoft, 21
Food-plants of Kanara butterflies, 198
Forests in Ashanti, 399
Fossil vertebrates from Egypt, 318
Fratercula arctica, 298, 355, 417, 429, 471
Fringilla cœlebs, 205, 223, 282, 391, 469; montifringilla, 282, 283
Fulica atra, 98
Fuligula collaris, 476; marila, 412
Fulmar, origin of name, 355
Fulmarus glacialis, 299, 417
Galerita cristata, 11, 353
Gallinago cœlestis, 15, 101, 189, 210, 414; gallinula, 15, 31, 101, 108, 210; major, 15, 101, 428
Gallinula chloropus, 17, 71, 108, 470
Game animals, the larger, of Cape Colony, 114
Garrulus glandarius, 14, 283
Gazèta grossa, 8; picola, 8
Gecinus canus, 7; sharpii, 271; viridis, 7
Gelochelidon anglica, 255
'Geological Antiquity of Insects,' revised edition of, 197
Geronticus spinicollis, 261
Ghizeh Zoological Gardens, Report for 1900, 240
Gladstone and Darwin, mental platforms of, 439
Glareola pratincola, 98, 283
Glaucidium passerinum, 2, 7
Goldcrest seven hundred miles from land, 423
Golden-eye, 252
Goose, Bean, 248; Lesser Whitefronted, in Norfolk, 317
Grampus griseus, 238
Grebe, Great Crested, and Peewit, observational diary of habits, 161, 339, 454; Red-necked, 254
Grouse, Black, 252
Grus communis, 98
Gull, Great Black-backed, inland in Wales, 317
Gypaëtus barbatus, 2, 4
Habits of Ring Ouzel, 28,—Great Crested Grebe and Peewit, 161, 389, 454,—Alcedo ispida, 354; nesting of Moor-hens, 17, 71, —some strange, in Holland, 318; breeding, of Swift, 286, 384, 426
Hæmatopus ostralegus, 110, 209, 414, 471
Hairs of Mylodon listai, and other American Edentata, structure of, 438
​Haliaëtus albicilla, 5, 189, 407; leucogaster, 257
Haliastur girrenera, 257
Hare, Variable, coloration of 73, 221
Harelda glacialis, 412
Harrier, Montagu's, in Northamptonshire, 476
Hawfinch, increase of, 463
Heron, Purple, photo-trapping, 290, —fig., 292
Heteropygia bairdi, 31
Himantopus candidus, 71, 100; leucocephalus, 255
Hippotragus equinus, 115, 444; leucophæus, 115, 442; niger, 444
Hirundo rustica, 8, 204, 428, 469
Hobby breding in Shropshire, 426
Hoopoe at Reigate, 247, 269
Hull naturalists, bygone, 199
Hybrid Crow, 30; Ducklings, 132; Sparrow-Canary?, 353; between Blackcock and Pheasant, 477
Hybridity, experiments in, at Pretoria, 263
Hybrids between Fringilla cœlebs and montifringilla, 12
Hydrochelidon hybrida, 105; leucoptera, 105; nigra, 104, 188, 477
Ibis, Glossy, in Durham, 185; Strawnecked, breeding in West Australia, 261
Iceland, brief notes on an expedition to the north of, in 1899, 401
Icelandic names of birds, 478
Incubation, artificial, of Alligator's eggs, 197; of Swift, number of days taken in, 473
'Index Animalium,' 39
India, British, and its dependencies, zoological divisions of, 113
Insects, geological antiquity of, 197
Intelligence, animal, 190
Ireland—Red-throated Pipit, 264; Wigeon, 269; Shag, 354; Puffin, 355; Wood-Sandpiper, 390
Isle of Man, Yellow Wagtail in, 69
Iynx torquilla, 7
Jackdaw, nesting of, 70, 154
Jerboa, Egyptian, in captivity, 305
Kite in Huntingdonshire, 354
Labrus maculatus, 160
Lacerta agilis, 356, 392, 430, 479; vivipara, 356
Lagopus mutus, 14; rupestris, 413
Lamna cornubica, 160
Lanius collurio, 8; excubitor, 158, 283, 479; minor, 8
Lark, Crested, &c., released in England, 353; Wood, 251
Larus argentatus, 295, 471; cachinnans, 270,295; canus, 15, 189, 295; fuscus, 295, 415, 471; glaucus, 285, 296, 415; icelandicus, 285; leucopterus, 296; marinus, 295, 317, 415; melanocephalus, 295; minutus, 285, 294; ridibundus, 15, 295
Lepus timidus, 73, 221
Leveret, White, at Rainworth, Notts, 423
Ligurinus chloris, 12, 205, 469
Limicola platyrhyncha, 15, 102, 390
Limosa belgica, 104; lapponica, 104, 210, 283
Linota cannabina, 205, 469; flavirostris, 206; rufescens, 315, 426
Lisbon, birds in, 270
Lizard, Sand, in North of England, 355; in Berkshire, 392, 430, 479
Lleyn, West Carnarvonshire, notes from, 141
Locustella nævia, 10, 60
Lophophanes cristatus, 8
Lophophaps ferruginea, 256
Lowestoft Fish-wharf, 21
Loxia bifasciata 2, 13; curvirostra, 13; pityopsittacus, 12
Luscinia philomela, 10; vera, 10
Lycænidæ, cannabalistic propensities of, 198
Machetes pugnax, 71, 103, 283
Macrorhamphus griseus, 101, 282
Mammals, new African, 278
Manis javanica, 352; pentadactyla, 352; temmincki, 351
Manorhina flavigula, 259
Mareca americana, 411; penelope, 209, 269, 411
Marine Biological Association of West Scotland, prizes offered by, 400
Martin, House, in November, 30,—notes on, 69; Sand, 69
Melanitis ismene, 198
Melophagus ovinus, 358
Mergulus alle, 211, 285, 297, 416; merganser, 158, 283, 413; serrator, 413
Merops apiaster, 7
Merula alpestris, 9; nigra, 9; torquata, 9
Mice devouring larvæ of Emerald Moth, 239
Microhierax eutolmus, 224
​Microtus glareolus, 153
Migration of birds in Great Britain and Ireland, 117; in South Africa, 195; in N.E. Lincolnshire, 201
Miliaria projer, 11
Milvus affinis, 258; ater, 6; ictinus, 6, 71, 270, 354
Mimicry, suggested, of South African Weasel, 220; active, by Chaffinch, 223
Miolania, 120
Molge palmata, 225
Monkeys, Brazilian, names of, 238
Montifringilla nivalis, 11
Monticola cyanus, 9; saxatilis, 9
Moor-hen, 253; hairy-plumaged, 108; nesting-habits, 17, 71
Mosquitoes at Scarborough, 479
Motacilla alba, 10, 31, 117, 184, 247, 284, 404; beema, 389; campestris, 69; flava, 271; melanope, 204; lugubris, 154, 189; raii, 204, 248; sulphurea, 10
Motella tricirrata, 23
Mouse, Long-tailed Field, climbing powers, 221; De Winter's Wood, in Worcestershire, 423
Mus, alexandrinus, 153; decumanus, 153; rattus, 153; sylvaticus, 221
Muscardinus avellanarius, 68, 423, 472
Muscicapa atricapilla, 204; grisola, 8, 469
Museums—Calcutta, 198; Sarawak, 198
Mylodon listai and other South Amecan Edentata, structure of hairs of, 438
Mytilus edulis, 118
Names of British birds, 72, 109
Naturalists, Hull, bygone, 199
Neopithecops gaura, 198
Nephrops norvegicus, 23
Nest of Dormouse, building a, 68
Nesting of Long-eared Owl, 31,—Jackdaw, 70, 154,—Barn Owl, 136,—Pigmy Falcon in Upper Burma, 224,—Lesser Redpoll in Sussex, 315,—Ægialitis hiaticula in Middlesex, 389,—Marsh Warbler in Somersetshire, 472; habits, of Moor-hen, 17, 71,—Oystercatcher, Common Tern, and Common Heron in Holland, 318
Nests, compound and mixed, of American Ants, 440
Nettion castaneum, 257; crecca, 209
New South Wales, importation of destructive foreign mammals in, 237
Newt, Palmate, in Carnarvonshire, 225
Nightjar hawking May-flies, 70
Nisaëtus morphnoides, 258
Noctule, observations on, 51, 153
Nomenclature, necessity for a provisional, for forms of life which cannot be at once arranged in a natural system, 119
Norfolk, ornithological notes from, 121; Natural History of, proposed volume on, 237
Norman, George, 199
Nucifraga caryocatactes, 14, 107
Numenius arquata, 104, 189, 211; cyanopus, 257; phæopus, 104, 211, 284, 415
Nutcracker in Sussex, 107
Nutrition on sex, negative evidence regarding influence of, 118
Nyctæa scandiaca, 407
Nyctala tengmalmi, 6
Obituary:—
    Queen Victoria (to face title)
    Abrahams, Joseph, 151
    Bedford, F.P., 280
    Bowker, Col. J.H., 399
    Doherty, William, 386
    Fiske, John, 279
    Macpherson, Rev. H.A., 480
    Ormerod, Eleanor A., LL.D. (with portrait), 310
    Whitehead, Alfred, 279
Oceanodroma leucorrhoa, 299
Œdicnemus crepitans, 108; scolopax, 98
Œdemia nigra, 413; perspicellata, 282
Okapia johnstoni, 278
Oriolus galbula, 13
Orkney, Siskin in, 425
Ornithomyia avicularia, 357, 431
Ornithologists, early, 376
Osprey at Rye Harbour, 427; in Hampshire, 427
Otocorys alpestris, 11, 283
Otis tarda, 98; tetrax, 98, 270, 428
Ouzel, Ring, 250; habits, 28; at St. Leonards-on-Sea, 69
Owl, Long-eared, 251,—nesting, 31; Little, at Henley, 476
Oxypterum pallidum, 358
Oystercatcher, 253, 471
Pairing manœuvres of Pigeons, &c., 181, 270
​Pandion haliaëtus, 5, 427
Pangolin, 351, 352
Panurus biarmicus, 8
Parasite, dipterous, in plumage of birds, 357, 480
Parus ater, 8; cæruleus, 8, 204; major, 8; montanus kleinschmidti, 30; palustris, 8; salicarius, 29
Passara solitaria, 10
Passer domesticus, 205, 469; italiæ, 11; montanus, 11, 205; petronia 11
Passera bianca, 11
Pastor, Rose-coloured, in Kent, 223; roseus, 223
Patagonia, extinct reptiles from, 120
Patella vulgata, 118, 324
Pelias berus, 114
Pelidna americana, 187
Perdix cinerea, 14, 470
Periophthalmus, 336
Petrel, Storm, 254; in confinement, 478
Phalacrocoracidæ, mode of progression under water, 31
Phalacrocorax carbo, 70, 408, 470; fulicarius, 477; graculus, 354, 408, 470
Phalarope, Grey, 253; Red-necked, in Lincolnshire, 72,—in North Wales, 428
Phalaropus fulicarius, 100; hyperboreus, 72, 100, 209, 414
Phasma, 331
Pheasant, hen, with spurs, 139
Phoca vitulina, 114
Photo-trapping Purple Herons and Spoonbills, 290
Phylloscopus bonellii, 10; rufus, 388, 424; trochilus, 203, 469
Picoides tridactylus, 185
Pierinæ, cannibalistic propensities of, 198
Picus martius, 7
Pigeon, Wood, molluscs eaten by, 73; early breeding, 185
Pigeons, &c., pairing manœuvres of, 181, 270
Pinicola enucleator, 2, 12
Pipistrellus noctula, 51, 153
Pipit, Red-throated, in Ireland, 264; Richard's in North Wales, 425
Plague of Snakes, 25
Platalea leucorodia, 269
Plectrophanes lapponicus, 11
Plectrophenax nivalis, 11, 158, 206, 284, 407
Plegadis falcinellus, 185
Pleuronectes flesus, 160; microcephalus, 160
Pochard, 252
Podargus strigoides, 260
Podiceps auritus, 299, 417; cristatus, 108, 161, 298, 339; fluviatilis, 211, 299; griseigena, 134, 298; nigricollis, 299
Pœcilogale albinucha, 220
Point Cloates, N.W. Australia, notes from, 255
Porites, 120
Porzana maruetta, 209, 391
Pratincola rubetra, 10, 203, 469; rubicola, 10, 64, 469
Procellaria pelagica, 300, 478
Protection of British birds, 226
Proteles cristatus, 78, 219
Ptilotis leilavalensis, 259
Puffin, 254; off coast of Kerry, 355; a breeding station of, on the Shiant Islands, fig., 429
Puffinus anglorum, 299; griseus, 477; major, 299
Pyrrhocorax alpinus, 13; graculus, 13, 248, 250, 268, 470
Pyrrhula major, 12
Python molurus, 302
Quagga, the true, 41; stallion, fig., 48
Querquedula crecca, 411; discors, 282; sp.?, 411
Rabbits in New Zealand, how kept in check, 278
Raia batis, 22; oxyrhynchus, 22
Rail, Water, 253
Rallus aquaticus, 209
Rat, Black, at Great Yarmouth, 153
Ratiocination in Ants, 440
Ratufa affinis, 244; bicolor, 243, 244; ephippium, 244; gigantea, 244
Raven, 250
Ray, Spotted, at Great Yarmouth, 274
Recurvirostra avocetta, 100; novæ-hollandiæ, 255
Redcar, Yorkshire, notes, 108, 477
Redpoll, Lesser, 250; nesting in Sussex, 315
Regulus cristatus, 8, 203, 423,—near Reading, 472; ignicapillus, 8
Reptiles, extinct, from Patagonia, 120
Rhinoceros bicornis, 116; simus, 116
Rhodesia, North-eastern, fauna, 397
Rhombus lævis, 160
Rissa tridactyla, 296, 415, 471
Robin in Shetland, 106, 154
Roller, Common, in Sussex, 316