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# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Christopher Anstey

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​ANSTEY, Christopher, poet, was son of the Rev. Christopher Anstey, rector of Brinkley, Cambridgeshire, where he was born in 1724-5. He was educated at Eton and King's college, Cambridge. He was originally designed for the church, but his degrees being withheld from him, he retired into privacy "upon a competent fortune." He was rusticated from the university. A speech made by him in one of the public schools upon some offence given by him, thus began, "Doctores sine doctrinâ, magistri artium sine artibus, et baccalaurei baculo potius quam lauro digni." The penalty was his rustication. He entered the army, and having married a daughter of Cabert of Allbury Hall, Herts, he obtained a seat in parliament for Hertford by his father-in-law's influence. One of the most glaring of current literary blunders is the common statement that the New Bath Guide of Christopher Anstey was in a great measure built on Smollett's novel of Humphrey Clinker. The facts are that the New Bath Guide was published in 1766, whilst Humphrey Clinker was not written until 1770, and was first published in 1771. It may be conceded that Sir Walter Scott holds the balance even in his verdict, as follows:—"But Anstey's diverting satire was but a slight sketch compared to the finished and elaborate manner in which Smollett has, in the first place, identified his characters, and then filled them with language, sentiments, and powers of observation in exact correspondence with their talents, temper, condition, and disposition" (Works of Smollett, Introduction). Perhaps "diverting" is a rather inadequate word, for there is depth of insight and weight of shrewd sense beneath the sparkle and the laughter of the New Bath Guide. The Election Ball, in Poetical Letters from Mr Inkle at Bath to his Wife at Gloucester, sustained the reputation won by the ​Guide. It seems to us even more brilliant in its wit, anc finely touched as verse. Other productions in verse anc prose have long passed into oblivion. The poetical works were collected in 1808 (2 vols.) by the author s son John himself author of The Pleader s Guide, in the same vein with the New Bath Guide. He died on 3d August
(a. b. g.)
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Chusan

See also Zhoushan Island on Wikipedia; Zhoushan at Wikipedia; Chusan in the 11th Edition; and the disclaimer.
CHUSAN, the principal island of a group situated off the eastern coast of China, in 30° N. lat. and 122° E. long., and belonging to the province of Che-keang. It lies N.W. and S.E., and has a circumference of 51 miles, the extreme length being 20, the extreme breadth 10, and the minimum breadth 6 miles. The island is beautifully diversified with hill and dale, and well watered with numerous small streams, of which the most considerable is the Tungkeang, falling into the harbour of Tinghae. Most of the surface is capable of cultivation, and nineteen-twentieths of the inhabitants are engaged in agriculture. Wherever it is possible to rear rice every other product is neglected; yet the quantity produced is not sufficient for the wants of the inhabitants. Millet, wheat, sweet potatoes, yams, and tares are also grown. The tea plant is found almost everywhere, and the cotton plant is largely cultivated near the sea. The capital, Tinghae, stands about half a mile from the southern shore, and is surrounded by a wall nearly three miles in circuit. The ditch outside the wall is interrupted on the N.W. side by a spur from a neighbouring hill, which projects into the town, and forms an easy access to an attacking force. The town is traversed by canals, and the harbour, which has from 4 to 8 fathoms water, is land-locked by several islands. Temple (or Joss-house) Hill, which commands the town and harbour, is 122 feet high close to the beach. The population of the town and suburbs of Tinghae, which at the commencement of 1843 was about 27,500, had increased in 1846 to above 35,000. The population of the entire island is estimated at 250,000, of which the capital contains about 40,000. Chusan has but few manufactures; the chief are coarse cotton stuffs and agricultural implements. There are salt works on the coast; and the fisheries employ a number of the inhabitants. In Tinghae a considerable business is carried on in carving and varnishing, and its silver wares are in high repute. The principal exports are fish, coarse black tea, cotton, vegetable tallow, sweet potatoes, and some wheat. Chusan was occupied by the Japanese during the Ming dynasty, and served as an important commercial entrepôt. It was taken by the British forces in 1840 and 1841, and retained till 1846 as a guarantee for the fulfilment of the stipulations of the treaty. It was also occupied by the English in 1860. See plan in Jour. of Royal Geogr. Soc., 1853.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Chinchilla (1.)

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CHINCHILLA, a city of Spain, in the province of Murcia, picturesquely situated on an abrupt hill ten miles south-east of Albacete, in the immediate neighbourhood of the junction of the railway lines from Cartagena and Valencia to the capital. It is surrounded by walls rebuilt in 1837, and defended by a citadel; and in the principal church there are reservoirs capable of furnishing the city with water for several months. Earthenware and crucibles, coarse linen, and woollen cloths are manufactured. Population, 3500.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Christian Fürchtegott Gellert

See also Christian Fürchtegott Gellert on Wikipedia; Christian Fürchtegott Gellert on Wikipedia; Christian Fürchtegott Gellert in the 11th Edition; and the disclaimer.
See Gellert’s Sämmtliche Werke (first edition, 10 vols., Leipsic, 1769–74, last edition, Berlin, 1867). His Sämmtliche Fabeln und Erzählungen and his Geistliche Oden und Lieder have often been published separately; the latest editions being those of Leipsic, 1871, and Berlin, 1873. See translation by J. A. Murke, Gellert’s Fables and other Poems (London, 1851). Lives of Gellert have been written by J. A. Cramer (Leipsic, 1774) and by Döring (2 vols., Leipsic, 1833).
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Teruel (2.)

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TERUEL, the capital and most important town of the above province, is situated on the left bank of the Guadalaviar, 142 miles east of Madrid, and on the high road from Calatayud to Valencia. It is an ancient walled city, fast falling into decay, with narrow gloomy streets and crumbling mediæval houses. Some of the numerous churches are worth seeing, with their paintings by the rarely known 17th-century artist Antonio Visquert, as is also the great aqueduct of 140 arches, raised 1555-60 by Pierre Bedel, a French architect. In the cloisters of San Pedro lie the remains of the celebrated "lovers of Teruel," Juan de Marcilla and Isabella de Segura, whose pathetic story has formed the subject of numerous dramas and poems by Perez de Montalban, Yaque de Salas, Hartzenbusch, and others. The cathedral is Churrigueresque. Teruel was raised to the dignity of a see in 1577, the bishop being suffragan of Zaragoza. The population of the city in 1877 was 9482.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Tessin

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TESSIN.See Ticino.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Testament

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TESTAMENT.See Will.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Tertiaries

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TERTIARIES.Franciscans, vol. ix. p. 700.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Terudant

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TERUDANT, or Tarduant.See Morocco, vol. xvi. p. 834.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Testimony

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TESTIMONY.See Evidence.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Teruel (1.)

See also Province of Teruel on Wikipedia; Teruel in the 11th edition; and the disclaimer.
TERUEL, a province of Spain, forming part of the ancient kingdom of Aragon, is bounded on the N. by Zaragoza, on the E. by Tarragona, on the S. by Castellon de la Plana and Valencia, on the S.W. by Cuenca, and on the W. by Guadalajara, and has an area of 2363 square miles. It is intersected from east to west by the mountain chains of Albarracin and Gudar, from which several offsets diverge on either side. The loftiest summit is the Muela de San Juan (5280 feet), which is covered with snow for a great part of the year. These sierras give rise to several large rivers, the principal being the Tagus, the Guadalaviar, the Jiloca, and the Guadalope. Notwithstanding the fertile character of the plains and an abundance of mineral wealth, the trade of the province is unimportant, and civilization in a backward state, owing to the lack of means of transport, the want of enterprise, and imperfect communication with the outer world. The chief products are corn, wine, oil, cheese, fruits, timber, flax, hemp, silk, wool, and saffron, together with cattle, sheep, and swine; while in the busier centres some slight manufacture of coarse cloth, paper, leather, soap, pottery, and esparto goods is carried on. The population of the province in 1877 was 249,000.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Teschen

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It was at Teschen that Maria Theresa and Joseph II. signed the peace which put an end to the war of Bavarian succession in 1779. The duchy of Teschen was formerly a more or less direct apanage of the Bohemian crown. For some time it bore the name of Saxe-Teschen (Sachsen-Teschen), owing to the fact that Prince Albert of Saxony, who married an archduchess of Austria, received it as part of his wife's dowry. Prince Albert bequeathed it in 1822 to the emperor of Austria, who bestowed it on the archduke Albert.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Turbine

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TURBINE.See Hydromechanics vol. xii. p. 524.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Turmeric

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TURMERIC, the tuberous root of Curcuma longa, L., an herbaceous perennial plant belonging to the natural order Zingiberaceæ. It is a native of southern Asia, being cultivated on a large scale both on the mainland and in the islands of the Indian Ocean. Turmeric has been used from a remote period both as a condiment and as a dye stuff, and to a more limited extent as a medicine. In Europe it is employed chiefly as a dye, also as an ingredient in curry powder and as a chemical test for alkalies. The root is prepared by cleaning it and drying it in an oven. There are several varieties (Madras, Bengal, Gopalpur, Java, China, and Cochin turmeric), differing chiefly in size and colour and to a slight degree in flavour. Some of these consist exclusively of the ovate central tubers, technically known as " bulbs," and others of the somewhat cylindrical lateral tubers, which are distinguished in trade as " fingers." Both are hard and tough, but break with a short resinous or waxy fracture, which varies in tint from an orange brown to a deep reddish brown.
Turmeric has a characteristic odour and an aromatic taste. The aroma it owes to a complex essential oil, which consists principally of an alcohol called turmerol (formula C$_{19}$H$_{28}$0), which differs from carvol in being unable to combine with hydrogen sulphide; the other constituents of the oil have not been determined. The colour is due to curcumin, C$_{14}$H $_{14}$O$_4$, of which the drug contains about 0·3 per cent. It possesses the properties of an acid, forming red-brown salts with alkalies and being precipitated from alkaline solutions by acids. When pure it forms yellow crystals having a vanilla odour and exhibiting a fine blue colour in reflected light. It is soluble in alcohol, in chloroform, and in alkaline solutions, but only sparingly in water. Paper tinged with a tincture of turmeric exhibits on the addition of an alkali a reddish brown tint, which becomes violet on drying. This peculiarity was pointed out by Vogel in 1815, and since that date turmeric has been utilized as a chemical test for detecting alkalinity. In India the drug is considered to possess cordial and stomachic properties: a decoction made with milk and sweetened is used as a remedy for colds. Externally it is employed in skin diseases and in the form of a cooling lotion for relieving the pain of conjunctivitis; the fumes of the burning tubers directed into the nostrils relieve congestion in cases of coryza. The cultivation of turmeric is carried on most successfully in light rich soil in well-watered districts. The plant is easily propagated by offsets. An acre yields about 2000 lb. Turmeric is said to grow in large quantities on the slopes of hills bordering the plains of the Beni in Bolivia and also in Panama. Several species of Curcuma and of allied genera yield yellowish aromatic roots. In Sierra Leone a kind of turmeric is obtained from a species of Canna.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Turbot

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# Executive Order 1739

more info.
Signed by President William H. Taft Monday, March 3, 1913
1913 CSR 126
Mr. H. Norman Fleming may be reinstated as a clerk in the Pension Office without regard to the civil-service rule fixing one year as the period of eligibility.
The White House,
    March 3, 1913.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Executive Order 1751

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Amends Executive Order 1468 of February 5, 1912.
Signed by President Woodrow Wilson Thursday, March 20, 1913
To Amend an Executive Order Approved February 5, 1912, Providing an Inexpensive Method for the Administration of the Estates of Deceased and Insane Persons in Certain Cases, Etc.
By virtue of the authority vested in me, I hereby establish the following Executive Order for the Canal Zone:
Section 1. That Section 1 of an Executive Order entitled: "Executive Order to provide an inexpensive method for the administration of estates of deceased and insane persons in certain cases, and to repeal Act 24 of the Canal Zone laws and the Executive Orders amendatory thereto," and the first paragraph of Section 8 of said Order, are hereby amended so as to read, as follows:
    Section 1. Whenever an employee in the service of the Isthmian Canal Commission, or the Government of the Canal Zone; or the Panama Railroad Company, shall die, leaving an estate in the said Zone, or whenever such decedent, being a citizen of the United States, leaves an estate in the Canal Zone or in the Republic of Panama; and the said estate consists of personal property only and a regular administration shall not have been instituted in the Courts of the Canal Zone thereon, the Collector of Revenues for the Canal Zone is hereby authorized and directed to take possession of the estate of the said deceased person and to make a complete inventory thereof and present the same to the Judge of the Circuit Court of the First Judicial Circuit of the Canal Zone to be filed by the said judge in the records of his court when approved by him.
    Section 8. If an employee of the Isthmian Canal Commission, the Government of the Canal Zone, or the Panama Railroad Company should be adjudged insane by the Canal Zone Courts and the estate consists entirely of personal property and no regular guardianship of such estate shall have been instituted by the Canal Zone Courts, it shall be the duty of the Collector of Revenues to take possession of the estate of such insane person, including any salary or other acknowledged claim due to such employee by the Isthmian Canal Commission, the Canal Zone Government or the Panama Railroad Company, and make a complete inventory thereof and file the same with the Judge of the Circuit Court of the First Judicial Circuit of the Canal Zone, and under the direction and with the approval of the Judge of said court, the Collector of Revenues may pay the lawful indebtedness due by the insane person, as well as the expenses incurred in administrating the said estate and he shall hold the residue of the estate subject to the orders of the Circuit Judge.
Section 2. This amendment shall apply to the estates of employes who died or became insane prior to this date as well as to those who die or are adjudged insane hereafter.
Section 3. This Order shall take effect from and after this date.
The White House
       March 20, 1913.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Executive Order 1740

more info.
Signed by President William H. Taft Monday, March 3, 1913
1913 CSR 125
Mrs. Catherine Branan may be appointed a charwoman in the Treasury Department without reference to the civil-service rules.
The White House,
    March 3, 1913.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Executive Order 1738

more info.
Signed by President William H. Taft Monday, March 3, 1913
1913 CSR 127
Mr. Charles H. Shaw, now employed in the Customs Service at the port of New York, may be appointed to a classified position in the New York customs service without reference to the civil-service rules.
The White House,
    March 3, 1913.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Executive Order 174

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Signed by President Theodore Roosevelt Monday, June 2, 1902
An appointment to the vacancy now existing in the position of Assistant Commissioner of Immigration at the port of New York may be made without examination under the civil-service rules.
White House,
    June 2, 1902.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Executive Order 1750

more info.
Amends Executive Order 1002 of January 6, 1909.
Signed by President Woodrow Wilson Wednesday, March 19, 1913
Modification In Application of Safety Appliance Acts.
Under authority vested in me by law, it is ordered:
Paragraph 5 of Executive Order No. 1002, dated January 6, 1909, is hereby amended by adding the following paragraph thereto:
    The application of the requirements of the Safety Appliance Acts to equipment of rolling stock at navy yards is hereby so far modified that the cars and engines at yards and stations will be fitted with safety appliances only to such extent as may, in the judgment of the commandant, subject to the approval of the Chief of the Bureau of Yards and Docks, Navy Department, be deemed necessary or advisable.
The White House
    March 19, 1913.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Executive Order 175

more info.
Signed by President Theodore Roosevelt Saturday, June 21, 1902
The vacancy now existing in the position of clerk of class 4, for designation as disbursing clerk in the Department of Justice, may be filled by the transfer of Mr. Alexander C. Caine from the excepted position of examiner which he now holds in the same Department.
White House,
    June 21, 1902.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Executive Order 1741

more info.
Signed by President William H. Taft Monday, March 3, 1913
1913 CSR 126
Mr. Edward Hawkins may be appointed a laborer in the Department of Agriculture without reference to the civil-service rules.
The White House,
    March 3, 1913.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Executive Order 1749

more info.
Signed by President Woodrow Wilson Wednesday, March 19, 1913
Providing for the Protection of Birds and their Nests In the Canal Zone.
By virtue of the authority vested in me, I hereby establish the following Executive Order for the Canal Zone:
Section 1. It shall be unlawful for any person to hunt, trap, capture, wilfully disturb or kill any bird of any kind whatever, or to take the eggs of any bird, except in the form and manner permitted by the regulations provided for by this Order.
Sec. 2. The Isthmian Canal Commission, or the Governor of the Panama Canal after the reorganization is established, is hereby empowered and directed to enact suitable regulations, from time to time, for the protection of birds and their nests, and prescribing the form and manner in which birds may be hunted, and the kinds of birds that may be hunted, and those that shall not be molested.
Sec. 3. A violation of any of the regulations established under this Order shall be punished by a fine of not more than one hundred (100) dollars or by imprisonment for not more than thirty days for each offense.
Sec. 4. This Order shall take effect thirty days after its publication in The Canal Record.
The White House
       19 March, 1913.

## Notes

* ↑ Published in The Canal Record of April 9, 1913.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Erb v. California

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
386 U.S. 273
Erb v. California
William A. Dougherty, for petitioner.
Thomas C. Lynch, Atty. Gen. of California, William E. James, Asst. Atty. Gen., and David B. Stanton, Deputy Atty. Gen., for respondent.
On Petition for Writ of Certiorari to the Supreme Court of California.
PER CURIAM.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Erb v. Morasch

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
177 U.S. 584
Erb v. Morasch
Argued: April 18, 1900. --- Decided: May 14, 1900
Messrs. B. P. Waggener and A. H. Horton for plaintiff in error.
Mr. George B. Watson for defendants in error.
Mr. Justice Brewer delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Erb v. California/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Per Curiam Opinion of the Court
United States Supreme Court
386 U.S. 273
Erb v. California
The motion for leave to proceed in forma pauperis and the petition for a writ of certiorari are granted. The judgment is vacated and the case remanded for further consideration in light of Chapman v. State of California, 386 U.S. 18, 87 S.Ct. 824.
Mr. Justice STEWART would grant certiorari and reverse the judgment for the reasons stated in his opinion concurring in the result in Chapman v. State of California, 386 U.S., at 42, 87 S.Ct., at 837.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse