OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/King, Jonas

Edition of 1920. See also Jonas King on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
KING, Jonas, American missionary and writer: b. Hawley, Mass, 29 July 1792; d. Athens, 22 May 1869. After graduation at Williams College and Andover Seminary, he turned to home missionary work; but, after a while he determined to prepare himself for the foreign mission field. To this end he went to Paris to study Arabic under Dr. De Sacy, one of the great Arabic scholars of his day. On his return he entered Amherst College as professor of Oriental Languages (1822-28). Resigning his position at Amherst he went as a missionary to Greece, where he was soon in trouble with the Greek Church which ordered his arrest on the charge of profaning things sacred. He seems to have been very aggressive and to have had very little tact in the prosecution of his work, which promised well in the beginning but which virtually went to pieces toward the end. He was a man of scholarly attainments and wrote in both English and Greek. His miscellaneous works in the latter language were published in Athens. His best-known work in English, ‘The Oriental Church and the Latin’ was published in 1865. An account of his life and work was published in New York in 1879, the writer signing himself F. E. H. H.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Kingsley, James Luce

Edition of 1920. See also James Luce Kingsley on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
KINGSLEY, James Luce, American scholar and educationalist: b. Scotland, Conn., 1778; d. 1852. Graduated from Yale he soon became a teacher there and, in 1805, first professor of ancient languages, a position he retained for 26 years, during which he raised his department to one of the most progressive in the college. On his retirement from active duty as the head of the department he had created, he retained the title of professor of Latin until his death. He was one of the best authorities of his day in American history, though his many duties prevented him giving attention to literature and especially to historical composition, which his lectures showed he might have made a success. Among his published works are ‘A History of Yale College’ (1835); and ‘Ezra Stiles’ (a biography of the president of Yale College, published in Sparks' ‘American Biography’). Consult sketch of his life by D. C. Gilman.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Spy, The

Edition of 1920. See also The Spy (Cooper) on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
SPY, The. ‘The Spy; a Tale of the Neutral Ground,’ Fenimore Cooper's second novel, published in 1821, was the earliest American novel to win wide and permanent fame and may be said to have begun the type of romance which dominated native fiction for 30 years. The share of historical fact in the story, indeed, is not large, but the action takes place so near to great events that the characters are all invested with something of the dusky light of heroes, while Washington moves among them like an unsuspected god. The book is full of swelling rhetoric and the ardent national piety of Cooper's generation. Fortunately Cooper saw the advantage of making his British out to be enemies worth fighting, if only in the interest of the plot, which ranges back and forth over the neutral ground between the two armies with great haste and sweep. To rapid movement Cooper adds the merit of a very real setting. He knew Westchester County, where he was then living, and its sparse legends as Scott knew the border. The topography of ‘The Spy’ is drawn with a firm hand. With his characters, Cooper is not uniformly successful. Accepting for women the romantic ideals of the day, he cast his heroines in the conventional mold of helplessness and decorum. The less sheltered Betty Flanagan, no heroine at all in the elegant sense, is amusing and truthful. Of his men, too, the gentlemen are little more than mere heroes, whatever the plain fellows may be. But Harvey Birch, peddler and patriot, his character remotely founded upon that of a real spy who had helped John Jay during the Revolution, is essentially memorable and arresting. Gaunt, weather-beaten, canny, mysterious, he prowls about on his subtle errands, pursued by friend and foe, sustained only by the confidence of Washington, serving a half supernatural spirit of patriotism which drives him to his destiny, at once wrecking and honoring him. This romantic fate also condemns him to be sad and lonely, a dedicated soul. No character in American historical fiction has been able to obscure this first great figure. H. L. Barnum's ‘The Spy Unmasked; or Memoirs of Enoch Crosby, alias Harvey Birch’ (1828; 5th ed., 1864) claimed to identify the original.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Stanoyevich, Milivoy Stoyan

Edition of 1920. See also the disclaimer.
STANOYEVICH, Milivoy Stoyan, Serbian essayist and author: b. Koprivnica, Kraina, Serbia, 14 Feb. 1882. He studied at Belgrade University, where he successfully competed for academic prizes in literary essays. He graduated from that institution in 1907, and was immediately appointed professor ad interim of modern languages at Zaječar College. He came to the United States in 1908 and continued his pursuits in literature, sociology and economics at Columbia University and the University of California, receiving from the last-named institution his degree of M.L. (1914). In 1915 he became a lecturer on Slavonic literature at the University of California, and in 1916 he was nominated as political adviser on Slavic affairs in the office of the Russian consul-general at San Francisco. He has been editor of several Jugoslav publications and frequent contributor to the American periodicals, besides having written ‘Omladina u
Sadašnjosti’ (1907); ‘Figure u Pesmama’ (1907); ‘Prevodi u Srpskin Zabavnicima’ (1908); ‘Veština Pisanja’ (1915); ‘Pessimisme et Optimisme dans la Sociologie’ (in joint collaboration with his brother, Milosh S.) in 1913; ‘Tolstoy's Theory of Social Reform’ (1914); ‘Russian Foreign Policy in the East’ (1916), etc. His writings are marked by a fresh and vigorous style, by refined simplicity and incisive diction. His studies are full of delicate observations of human nature and he may be justly regarded as a representative writer of Serbian prose.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Stanford, Jane Lathrop

Edition of 1920. See also Jane Stanford on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
STANFORD, Jane Lathrop, American philanthropist: b. Albany, N. Y., 23 Aug. 1825; d. Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands, 28 Feb. 1905. She was married to Leland Stanford (q.v.) and after his death in 1893 was occupied chiefly in fostering the development and extension of Leland Standford Jr. University, which she had aided her husband to establish in memory of their son. In 1901 she increased her gifts to the university by further gifts of securities valued at $18,000,000; her residence in San Francisco, valued at $400,000, for a museum and art gallery; and 1,000,000 acres of land valued at $12,000,000, She subsequently added other benefactions, thus making the university the wealthiest educational institution in the world. Mrs. Stanford established the children's hospital at Albany, N. Y., at a cost cf $100,000, and provided an additional $100,000 to secure its maintenance; she also gave over $160,000 to various schools and kindergartens. See Leland Stanford Jr. University.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Stanton, Elizabeth Cady

Edition of 1920. See also Elizabeth Cady Stanton on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
STANTON, Elizabeth Cady, American reformer: b. Johnstown, N. Y., 12 Nov. 1815; d. New York, 26 Oct. 1902. She was graduated from Emma Willard Seminary, Troy, N. Y., in 1832 and was married to Henry Brewster Stanton (q.v.) in 1840. Her attention was first attracted to the disabilities of her sex when at 15 she was prepared to enter college and found none in which she could obtain the education which her brothers received. She afterward studied Blackstone, Story and Kent, and while in London, in 1847, met Lucretia Mott, with whom in the following year she issued the first call for a woman-suffrage convention to be held in her home at Seneca Falls. From that time her career was one long struggle for equal rights for both sexes. The general principles for which she strove were equal educational advantages, equal rights of suffrage and of property, and more intelligent divorce laws. She addressed the New York legislature on the rights of
married women in 1854 and again in 1860, advocating divorce for drunkenness. In 1866, she offered herself as a congressional candidate and for 25 years annually addressed congressional committees in the endeavor to gain a constitutional amendment granting enlarged privileges to women. She was president of the Women's Loyal League in 1861 and of the National Woman Suffrage Association in 1865-93. She traveled and lectured in all parts of the United States and also made addresses in England, Scotland and France. Throughout her entire career, Mrs. Stanton's personal life was a model of the fulfilment of the duties of a wife and mother, her public career never operating to the neglect of her social and home life. While the changes which have been wrought cannot definitely be declared the result of the exertions of Mrs. Stanton and her immediate associates, a great change certainly came about in her lifetime. The education within the reach of her brothers but unattainable for herself in her girlhood is now within the reach of any determined girl, and the changes in legislation are even more noticeable. The laws which placed a woman's property absolutely at her husband's disposal have been replaced by those which give her equal rights with him, or possibly superior, since the law recognizes no claim on the woman for family support, and her earnings are her own. Her intellect, energy and perseverance, and her womanly traits made her generally respected, and she is rightfully regarded as the mother of the movement. She presided over the first International Council of Women held in Washington in 1888, was one of the founders and afterward editor of The Revolution, and a frequent contributor to English and American magazines. She published ‘Eighty Years and More’ (1895); and was joint author of ‘The History of Woman Suffrage’ (1881-86) and edited ‘The Woman's Bible’ (1895).
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Sprague, William

Edition of 1920. See also William Sprague (Rhode Island, 1830–1915) on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
SPRAGUE, William, American legislator: b. Cranston, R. I., 12 Sept. 1830; d. 1915. He entered the counting-house of his father, senior partner of the A. and W. Sprague Manufacturing Company, when 16, and afterward with his brother succeeded to the ownership of the business. He was governor of Rhode Island in 1860-63 and was among the most active of the “war governors.” He went to the front, participated in the first battle of Bull Run and in the Peninsular campaign and in 1863 was elected to the United States Senate, whereupon he resigned his governorship. He served in the Senate until 1875 and then returned his manufacturing business. He was married in 1863 to the celebrated Kate Chase, daughter of Salmon P. Chase, from whom he was afterward divorced.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Stanford, Leland

Edition of 1920. See also Leland Stanford on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
STANFORD, Leland, American capitalist and philanthropist: b. Watervliet, Albany County, N. Y., 9 March 1824; d. Palo Alto, Cal., 21 June 1893. He studied law and commenced its practice at Port Washington, Wis., but in 1852 went to California and engaged in mining for four years. In 1856 he founded a business in San Francisco which became the nucleus for a fortune estimated at over $50,000,000. In 1860 he entered public life as a delegate to the convention that nominated Abraham Lincoln for the Presidency. About this time he became president of the Central Pacific Railroad, an enterprise in which he was deeply interested financially. He was governor of California, 1861-63; and United States senator, 1885-91. He did much to promote the agricultural development of California and to increase its transportation facilities, but he will probably be longest remembered, however, as the founder of Lebnd Stanford Jr. University, for which he made an initial gift of $20,000,000. This work, begun in commemoration of his son, was continued by his wife. Jane Lathrop Stanford (q.v.), who erected at Palo Alto a beautful and costly memorial church to his memory. See Leland Stanford Jr. University.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Stang, William

Edition of 1920. See also William Stang on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
STANG, William, Roman Catholic bishop of Fall River, Mass.: b. Langenbruchen, Germany, 21 April 1854; d. Rochester, Minn., 2 Feb. 1907. Received his primary education in the German Gymnasia and his philosophical and theological training at the American College, Louvain. Ordained priest in Mechlin, 15 June 1878, and came to Providence, R. I., in October of the same year. Was successively assistant and rector of the Cathedral, pastor of Saint Ann's and Saint Edward's parishes, and superior of the Diocesan Missionary Band. He was consecrated first bishop of Fall River in the cathedral, Providence, 1 May 1904. Among his best known works are ‘Life of Martin Luther’; ‘The Eve of the Reformation’; ‘More About the Huguenots’; ‘Germany's Debt to Ireland’; ‘Pastoral Theology’; ‘Historiographia Ecclesiastical’; ‘Theologia Fundamentalis Moralis’; ‘Spiritual Pepper and Salt.’
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Stamp Act

Edition of 1920. See also Stamp Act 1765 on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
STAMP ACT, an act for regulating the stamp duties to be imposed on various documents. In 1765 George Grenville, chancellor of the English exchequer, proposed a bill for taxing the colonies through a stamp duty. No serious opposition was expected. But the measure aroused great excitement in America as an attempt at taxation without representation. In the United States, a Stamp Act congress consisting of delegates from all the colonies except New Hampshire, Virginia, North Carolina and Georgia, met at New York 7 Oct, 1765, and adjourned 25 October. The action of this congress consisted of an address to the king, petitions to Parliament and a declaration of the rights and grievances of the colonies. It protested that the colonies could only be taxed by their own representatives in the colonial assemblies; claimed the inherent right of trial by jury, and declared the Stamp Act to have a manifest tendency to subvert the rights and liberties of the colonies.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Stanton, Frank Lebby

Edition of 1920. See also Frank Lebby Stanton on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
STANTON, Frank Lebby, American journalist and poet: b. Charleston, S. C, 1857. He has resided in Atlanta, Ga., since 1894 and is now on the editorial staff of the Atlanta Constitution. He has published ‘Songs of the Soil’; ‘Comes One With a Song’ (1898); ‘Songs from Dixie Land’ (1900); and ‘Up from Georgia’ (1902); and ‘Little Folks Down South.’
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Addis, William E.

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​Addis, William E., B.A., son of the late Rev. Thomas Addis, of Edinburgh, minister of the Free Church, was born in 1844, and was Snell Exhibitioner to Balliol College, Oxford. He matriculated on Oct. 12th, 1861, and took a first class in Classical Moderations in 1863, and a first class in the final classical schools in 1865. He took his B.A. degree in 1866, and very shortly afterwards became a convert to the Roman Catholic Church, and a member of the congregation of St. Philip Neri at the Brompton Oratory. He left the Oratory, and became priest in charge of Lower Sydenham. In 1888 he resigned the priesthood, after issuing a circular to his parishioners announcing his abjuration of Roman Catholic ​doctrines, and was married, at St. John's, Notting Hill, to Miss Flood. At the end of the year he accepted the post of assistant to the Rev. Charles Strong, of the Australian Church, Melbourne. Mr. Addis is the author of "Anglicanism and the Fathers," "Anglican Misrepresentation," and of the "Catholic Dictionary," compiled in conjunction with Thomas Arnold (q.v.), which was published in 1884. Since his residence in Melbourne Mr. Addis has published some articles on Biblical criticism, displaying an acquaintance with the more advanced school of German theologians.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Abbott, Robert Palmer

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​Abbott, Robert Palmer, J.P., was born in Ireland, and came to Sydney when a boy with his parents. He was admitted a solicitor in 1854. Mr. Abbott entered the Legislative Assembly in 1872 as member for Tenterfield, and was returned for Hartley in 1880. He was nominated to the Legislative Council in 1885, and sat till March 1st, 1888, when he resigned, owing to his objection to certain appointments. He was Secretary for Mines in the first Parkes Administration from July 27th, 1874, to Feb. 8th, 1875, and a member of the New South Wales Commission in London for the Colonial and Indian Exhibition of 1886.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Adams, Robert Dudley

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​Adams, Robert Dudley, was born on July 9th, 1829, on board the Rotterdam packet, in which his mother was travelling to England. He was for a time private secretary to the Hon. Sidney Herbert (afterwards Lord Herbert of Lea), the popular War Minister. He arrived in New South Wales on Sept. 21st, 1851, and engaged in commercial and pastoral pursuits, in the intervals of which, between 1860 and 1880, he wrote a series of articles on "Australian Finance and Resource" for the English press and magazines, also for the colonial press, numerous political sketches, reviews, and essays, also two poems, the "Psalm of Time" and "Song of the Stars" (the latter subject suggested to him by the late Prince Albert). He has been a member of all the New South Wales Exhibition Commissions (except one), including that for Chicago.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Agg, Alfred John

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​Agg, Alfred John, sometime Commissioner of Railways, Victoria, was born in 1830 at Evesham, Worcestershire. He was educated at the Worcester grammar school, and entered the service of the Great Western Railway Company as a clerk at Reading in 1845, where he remained until 1850, when he emigrated to Australia. He arrived in Victoria in 1851, and was employed in the Chief Secretary's office and the Immigration Department. He was afterwards appointed Government Storekeeper, which position he resigned in 1856, and became president of the new department created to supersede the old system of commissariat control. His abilities in this office were rewarded by his appointment as Under Treasurer, and on Oct. 13th, 1857, he was made Commissioner of Audit. In 1883 he was granted a year's leave, which he spent in making a tour of the world, and in his absence he was nominated to act under Mr. Speight as a commissioner under the Railways Management Act. Mr. Agg was admitted to the Victorian bar on Dec. 6th, 1860, and died on Oct 16th, 1886.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Abigail, Francis

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​Abigail, Francis, J.P., son of the late William Abigail, was born in London in 1840. He emigrated to Sydney in 1860, and married there, in 1861. Mr. Abigail was M.L.A. for West Sydney from 1880 to June 1891, when he was defeated. He was Minister of Mines in Sir Henry Parkes' Administration from Jan. 20th, 1887, to Jan. 10th, 1889, and is a J.P. of the colonies of New South Wales and Victoria. He was a member of the New South Wales Commission for the Melbourne Centennial Exhibition of 1888, and for the Exhibition of Mining and Metallurgy, held at the Crystal Palace in 1890, in which year he visited England, and received a cordial welcome from the various Orange bodies in England and the north of Ireland. Whilst in London he gave valuable evidence before the Royal Commission on Mines.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Abraham, Right Reverend Charles John

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​Abraham, Right Reverend Charles John, M.A., D.D., the son of the late Captain Abraham, R.N., of Farnborough, Hants, was born in 1815, and educated at Eton and King's College, Cambridge, of which he was successively Scholar and Fellow. He was admitted to the degree of B.A. in 1837, M.A. in 1840, B.D. in 1849, and received the degree of D.D. in 1859. He was ordained deacon in 1838, and priest in the following year. He was Assistant Master at Eton until 1850, when he went out to New Zealand to become Master of the English department of St. John's College, Auckland. In 1853 he was appointed Archdeacon of Waitemata by the Bishop (Selwyn) of New Zealand. The Bishop had for two or three years been offering to members of the Church of England a Church Constitution, whereby they were to govern themselves; and during the two years which followed, while absent in England, he left Archdeacon Abraham to propagate and expound the principles of the Church Constitution. In 1857 a convention of representative churchmen from all parts of the colony was held in Auckland, which resulted in the framing of the Constitution now in force. In the following year Archdeacon Abraham, who had also been acting as chaplain to the Bishop, was consecrated first Bishop of Wellington by the Archbishop (Sumner) of Canterbury and Bishops (Wilberforce) of Oxford and (Lonsdale) of Lichfield. When the Maori war broke out by reason of the purchase by the Government of the Waitara block, Bishop Abraham presented a protest to the Governor, claiming for the Maoris as British subjects the right to be heard in the Supreme Court. In 1870 he resigned his see, and, returning to England, was made coadjutor to Dr. Selwyn, then Bishop of Lichfield. This office he held until the death of Bishop Selwyn, in 1878. From 1872 to 1876 he was Prebendary of Bobenhall in Lichfield Cathedral, and in 1875-6 was rector of Tattenhill, Staffordshire. Since 1876 he has been Canon and Precentor of Lichfield Cathedral. He married in 1850 Caroline Harriet, daughter of Sir Charles Thomas Palmer, Bart., of Wanlip Hall, Leicestershire, and cousin of the wife of Bishop Selwyn. She died in 1877. Bishop Abraham is the author of "Festival and Lenten Lectures in St. George's Chapel, Windsor," 1848-9 (Parker), and other works.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Adams, Francis William Leith

Latter sources indicate that he was known as Francis William Lauderdale Adams
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​Adams, Francis William Leith, is the son of the late Professor Andrew Leith Adams, F.R.S., F.G.S., and grandson of ​Francis Adams, M.D., LL.D., a distinguished Scotch physician and classical scholar. His mother is the well-known authoress, Mrs. Bertha Leith Adams (now Mrs. B. S. de Courcy Laffan), of Stratford-on-Avon. Mr. Adams resided in Queensland and various other parts of Australia, and published his "poetical works" in Brisbane. He has also written "Leicester, an Autobiography" (London, 1885); "Australian Essays" (Melbourne, 1886); "Songs of the Army of Night" (London, 1890). The next year he contributed a series of remarkable articles on Australia to the Fortnightly Review, and early in 1892 published in London a collection of Australian tales.