OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/züchten

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/züchten | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ züchten, vb., ‘to breed, cultivate, bring up, discipline,’ from MidHG. zühten, OHG. zuhten, zuhtôn, ‘to train up.’ —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/zwingen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/zwingen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ zwingen, vb., ‘to force, compel, vanquish,’ from MidHG. twingen, dwingen, ‘to press, cramp, force, compel, dominate,’ OHG. dwingan, thwingan, ‘to crowd, suppress, conquer,’ corresponding to OSax. thwingan, OIc. þwinga, Dan. tvinge, Du. twingen, OFris. dwinga, twinga, MidE. twingen, ‘to force’ (E. twinge), see also Zwang. — Derivatives Zwing, Twink, m., ‘fortress,’ from MidHG. twine, m., ‘that which constrains, confines; jurisdiction.’ —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/zwirnen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/zwirnen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ zwirnen, vb., ‘to twist, twine, throw (silk),’ a denominative, from MidHG. zwirnen, OHG. zwirnén, -nôn, ‘to twist a double thread, twine’; comp. Du. tweernen, E. to twine, and the equiv. Dan. tvinde.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/zwinken

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/zwinken | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ zwinken, zwinkern, vb., ‘to wink, twinkle,’ from MidHG. zwinken, zwingen, ‘to blink, twinkle’; also in MidHG. zwinzen (from *zwingezen) and zwinzern. Corresponding to AS. twinclian, E. to twinkle.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/zwiespältig

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/zwiespältig | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ zwiespältig, adj., ‘discordant, disunited,’ from the equiv. MidHG. zwispeltic, zwispaltic, OHG. zwispaltîg; allied to spalten. —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/zwitschern

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/zwitschern | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ zwitschern, vb., ‘to twitter, chirp, warble,’ from the equiv. MidHG. zwitzern, OHG. zwizzirôn; comp. MidE. twiteren, E. twitter (Dan. qviddre). An onomatopoetic form.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/zögern

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/zögern | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ zögern, vb., ‘to linger, loiter, defer,’ ModHG. only, a derivative of MidHG. zogen, OHG. zogôn, ‘to tug, draw, go, defer, retard.’ An intensive form of ziehen; comp. OIc. toga, E. to tug. For the development of meaning comp. further ModHG. dial. zögern, ‘to wander aimlessly.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/vorhanden

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry vorhanden. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ vorhanden, adverb, ‘at hand, extant,’ from vor Handen, literally ‘before the hands’; compare abhanden (and behende).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/vornehm

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry vornehm. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ vornehm, adjective, ‘distinguished, aristocratic,’ from Middle High German vürnœme, ‘preferable, distinguished’; compare angenehm.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/wabern

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry wabern. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ wabern, verb, ‘to be agitated,’ from Middle High German wabern, ‘to be in motion, move to and fro’; compare Old Icelandic vafra, ‘to move to and fro.’ —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/wachsen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry wachsen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ wachsen, verb, ‘to grow, increase, thrive,’ from the equivalent Middle High German wahsen, Old High German wahsan, strong verb; corresponding to the equivalent Gothic wahsjan, Old Saxon wahsan, Dutch wassen, Anglo-Saxon weaxan, English to wax. The Teutonic root wahs contained in these words, and perhaps cognate with that of wecken, appears in non-Teutonic as weks, uks; compare Sanscrit vakš, ukš, ‘to grow strong or tall,’ Zend uχš, Greek ἀέξω (αὐξάνω), ‘to strengthen, increase, grow’; compare Ochse.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/von

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry von. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ von, preposition, ‘of, from, concerning,’ from the equivalent Middle High German von, vone (dialectic van), Old High German fona (fana); corresponding to Old Saxon fon, fan, fana, ‘of,’ Dutch van. The pre-Teutonic pana, on which the word is based, is rightly regarded as an extension of the shortened Aryan form apo, which is discussed under ab.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/vorn

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry vorn. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ vorn, adverb, ‘in front, before,’ from the equivalent Middle High German vorn, vorne (vornen, vornân); in Old High German the equivalent forna is used only in dialects as an adverb of place. A derivative of Teutonic for-, appearing in vor and für.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/wach

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry wach. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ wach, adjective, ‘awake, on the alert,’ a remarkably late word (of the last century), which is entirely wanting in the earlier periods and dialects (in Middle High German wacker, see wacker); a recent derivative of wecken and wachen. The latter is an old form; compare Middle High German wachen, Old High German wahhên, ‘to wake, be awake,’ Old Saxon wakôn, Dutch waken, Anglo-Saxon wacian, wœččan, English to wake, watch; also in Gothic waken, strong verb, ‘to be awake, watch.’ For the early history of the cognates see the causative wecken. The abstract form Wache, feminine, ‘guard, watch,’ is from Middle High German (very rare) wache, for which wahte, feminine (Modern High German Wacht), is the usual term; to this Modern High German Wächter, masculine, ‘watch, guardian,’ from Middle High German wahtœ̂re is allied.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/wackeln

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry wackeln. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ wackeln, verb, ‘to shake, rock, totter,’ from the equivalent late Middle High German wackeln (and also wacken). An intensive form from Middle High German wagen, Old High German wagôn, ‘to move, totter, shake’; compare Dutch twaggelen, ‘to shake,’ Anglo-Saxon wagian, also English to wag (from Anglo-Saxon *waggian). These cognates are certainly more closely related to Modern High German wiegen (Teutonic root weg, from the Aryan root wē̆gh) than to the cognates of wanken.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/vor

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry vor. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ vor, adverb and preposition, ‘before,’ from Middle High German vor, vore, Old High German fora; corresponding to Gothic faúr and faúra, ‘before,’ Old Saxon for, fora, Dutch vor, Anglo-Saxon and English for. In non-Teutonic are found the correspondences Sanscrit purâ and purás, ‘before,’ with pra, Greek πάρος with πρό; Modern High German für, as well as Latin pro, are more remotely allied.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/vorder

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry vorder. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ vorder, adjective, ‘front, anterior, foremost,’ from Middle High German vorder, Old High German fordar, adjective, ‘standing at the head of, former, anterior'; an old comparative with the Aryan suffix tero- (Greek -τερο-; compare ander from anþero-). Gothic *faúrþara- is wanting; the connection with the root of Gothic faúra (see vor) is apparent; compare Sanscrit pûrva, ‘being before or in front,’ with purás, purâ, ‘before.’ Fürst, fordern, and fördern (compare also Altvordern) are also allied.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Geisel

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Geisel | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Geisel (1.), m. and f., ‘hostage,’ from MidHG. gisel, OHG. gisal, m., n., ‘prisoner of war, person held in security’; corresponding to AS. gîsel, OIc. gîsl, m. To connect it with Geisel (2.), f., as if ‘hostage’ were lit. ‘one who is scourged,’ is impossible. It is, probably, most closely allied to the equiv. OIr. giall (for *gísal).
Geisel (2.) f., ‘scourge, whip,’ from the equiv. MidHG. geisel), OHG. geisala, geisla, f.; akin to OIc. geisl, geisle, m., ‘pole used by persons walking in snow-shoes.’ The stem gais- is connected with the OTeut. term gaiza-, ‘spear’ (see Ger). Hence ‘pole, staff,’ must be accepted as the prim. meaning; the second component is Goth. walus, ‘staff,’ so that OHG. geis-ala stands for *geis-wala, just as OHG. wurzala for AS. wyrt-walu (see under Wurzel).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Geist

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Geist | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Geist, m., ‘spirit, genius, spectre,’ from MidHG. and OHG. geist, m., ‘spirit (in contrast to body), supernatural being’; corresponding to OSax. gêst, Du. geist, AS. gâst (gœ̂st), E. ghost; common to Teut. in the same sense, but in Goth. ahma (see achten). The prim. meaning of the word (‘agitation’?) is not quite certain; yet Ic. geisa, ‘to rage’ (of fire, passion), and Goth. us-gaisjan, ‘to enrage,’ seem to be allied. Respecting the dental suffix of the Teut. Geist (pre-Teut. ghaisdos), note the Sans. root hîḍ (from hizd), ‘to get angry,’ hêḍas, n., ‘anger,’ to which E. aghast also corresponds.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Gelenk

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Gelenk | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Gelenk, n., ‘joint, articulation, wrist, link,’ from MidHG. gelęnke, n., ‘waist, bend, bow,’ akin to ModHG. gelenk, gelenkig, adj. formed from MidHG. gelęnke, ‘pliant, skilful’ (see lenken). While the MidHG. gelenke, as a collective of MidHG. lanke, signifies the ‘pliable narrow part of the body between the hips and breast,’ and hence, as it were, the joint of the entire body, the word in ModHG. is applied to each limb; akin to OHG. lancha, hlancha, ‘hip, loins’ (whence also the Romance cognates — Ital. fianco, from which ModHG. Flanke is borrowed), likewise OIc. hlekkr, ‘link of a chain.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Gelaß

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Gelaß | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Gelaß, m. and n., ‘relics, heritage,’ from MidHG. gelœȥe, n., ‘settlement, mode of settlement,’ allied to gelâȥen, ‘to settle.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Geld

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Geld | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Geld, n., ‘money, coin, cash,’ from MidHG. and OHG. gëlt (t; the d first occurs in ModHG.), n., m., ‘recompense, compensation, revenue, income, paying, payment, money,’ Du. geld, ‘money.’ ‘Means for paying, coin,’ is the latest sense of the words quoted (comp. Goth. gild, ‘tax, interest’); it is wanting in the corresponding words of the other dialects; in Goth. the term is faihu (see Vieh), and skatts (see Schatz), AS. feoh, E. money. On the other hand, AS. gild signifies ‘recompense, compensation, sacrifice.’ See gelten.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Geiß

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Geiß | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Geiß, f., ‘goat, roe,’ from the equiv. MidHG. and OHG. geiȥ, f,; corresponding to Goth. gaits, OIc. geit, AS. gât, E. goat, Du. geit; also a dimin. Goth. gaitein, AS. gœ̂ten, OHG. geizzîn, n., ‘kid’ (see Schwein). Primit. allied to Lat. haedus from older ghaido-s (see Ritze and Ziege). In common with Slav., OTeut. has a different word for Ziege; comp. MidDu. hoekijn, AS. hêcen, ‘kid,’ akin to OSlov. koza, ‘goat.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Gelage

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Gelage | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Gelage, n., ‘feast, banquet, drinking bout,’ first occurs in early ModHG., allied to legen. Scarcely derived from the ancient Gelage (banquets); but just as Goth. gabaur is lit. ‘that which is laid together,’ and then ‘picnic, feasting’ (from baíran, ‘to carry,’ see Bahre), so Gelage is lit. ‘that which is laid together,’ and then ‘feasting’; comp. zechen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Geiz

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Geiz | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Geiz, m., ‘avarice,’ allied to geizen, MidHG. gîtsen (gîzen), beside which MidHG. gîten, ‘to be greedy, covetous, or avaricious’ occurs; comp. AS. gîtsian, ‘to be covetous.’ The term for Geiz in MidHG. and OHG. was gît, ‘greediness, covetousness, avarice,’ for geizig, MidHG. gîtec, OHG. gîtag, ‘greedy, covetous, avaricious’; respecting the derivation of Geiz from geizen, see Ärger, handeln. Akin to Goth. gaidw, n., ‘want.’ With the Teut. root gaid, gī̆d (Aryan ghaidh), are connected Lith. geidżiù (geísti), ‘to desire,’ OSlov. židą, žĭdati, ‘to expect.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Gekröse

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Gekröse | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Gekröse, n., ‘giblets; frill, ruffle,’ from MidHG. gekrœse, n., ‘the small intestine,’ also the variant krœse, OHG. *chrôsi; akin to Du. kroes, kroost, ‘giblets of ducks and geese.’ All the cognates are probably connected with kraus.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Gelegenheit

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Gelegenheit | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Gelegenheit, f., ‘opportunity, occasion,’ from MidHG. gelëgenheit, ‘situation of an affair, condition or nature of things.’ —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Kuß

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Kuß | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Kuß, m., ‘kiss,’ from the equiv. MidHG. and OHG. kus (gen. kusses); corresponding to Du. kus, OSax. cus, cos (gen. -sses), AS. coss, OIc. koss, m.; a common Teut. word for ‘kiss,’ wanting only in Goth. (*kussus, comp. Goth. kukjan, East Fris. kükken, ‘to kiss’). A pre-Teut. root gut, gud, ‘to kiss,’ does not occur. Indubitable cognates are not found in the non-Teut. languages unless Ir. bus, ‘lip,’ and Gael. bus, ‘mouth with thick lips,’ are allied. —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Käse

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Käse | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Käse, m., ‘cheese,’ from the equiv. MidHG. kœse, OHG. châsi, m.; Lat. câseus (whence also OIr. caise), before the 5th cent. at the latest was adopted in the vernacular form câsius (variant căscus?) by the Teutons; comp. Du. kaas, AS. čŷse, E. cheese. It corresponds in Rom. to Ital. cacio, Span. queso; yet câseus was supplanted in the dials. at an early date by Lat. *formaticus, ‘(cheese) mould’; comp. Fr. fromage (Ital. formaggio). OIc. has a peculiar word for ‘cheese,’ ostr, in Goth. perhaps *justs (comp. Finn. juusto, ‘cheese’); the assumed Goth. *justs is connected etymologically with Lat. jus, ‘broth,’ OSlov. jucha, ‘soup,’ OInd. yûšán, ‘soup’ (comp. Jauche), the root of which is yu, ‘to mix,’ in Lith. jáuju, jáuti, ‘to mix (dough).’ From this collocation of terms it is probable that *justs is the OTeut. word for ‘cheese,’ and that the Teutons did not learn how to make cheese from the Southerners, but only an improved method of doing so when they adopted the term Käse from them. It is true that according to Pliny, Hist. Nat. xi. 41, the barbarians generally were not acquainted with the method; yet comp. also Butter.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Köder

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Köder | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Köder, m., ‘bait.’ The word, on account of its very varied forms and senses, is difficult to explain etymologically, perhaps several words, originally different, have been combined with it; MidHG. köder, koder, këder, korder, körder, kërder, quërder, m., ‘lure, bait, patch of cloth or leather,’ OHG. quërdar also means ‘wick of a lamp’; in ModHG. it signifies, in the various dialects and at different periods, ‘double chin, slime, rag, leather strap, bait.’ With Köder, ‘double chin,’ we may perhaps compare E. cud, AS. cudu, cweodu (Goth. qiþus, ‘belly’?). With the meaning ‘bait,’ Goth. qairrus and HG. kirre may be most closely connected, because quërdar, as the oldest HG. form, points to a Goth. *qaírþra-; with this the Gr. compound δέλεαρ (δελ- for δερ- may be due to a process of differentiation, since a G. form kerdel occurs; and ð, according to Æol. βλῆρ, is perhaps an old guttural, root ger) may be certainly associated, and its variant δέλετρον, which more early corresponds with the G. word; the latter form is usually approved, since it combines the meanings of ‘bait’ and ‘torch’ (corresponding to OHG. quërdar, ‘wick’); in either case E. cud is abnormal. For the other meanings of the G. word no satisfactory etymologies can be found.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/König

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/König | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ König, m., ‘king,’ from the equiv. MidHG. künic, künc (g), OHG. chunig, chuning; corresponding to OSax. cuning, AS. cyning (cyng,) E. king, Du. koning, OIc. konungr; a common Teut. term, wanting only in Goth. The high antiquity of the term is attested by its being borrowed at an early period by Finn. and Esth. as kuningas, ‘king,’ by OSlov. as kŭnęgŭ, kŭnęzĭ, ‘prince,’ Lith. as kùningas, ‘lord, pastor’ (Lett. kungs, ‘lord’). The word may be most probably explained by connecting it with Goth. kuni (gen. kunjis), OHG. chunni, MidHG. künne, AS. cynn, ‘family.’ Regarding -ing as a patronymic (AS. Wôdening, ‘son of Woden’), the meaning would be ‘a man of family,’ i.e, of a distinguished family, ‘ex nobilitate ortus’ (Tacitus, Germ. vii.). This simple and satisfactory explanation is opposed by the fact that in OTeut. kuni- alone means ‘king,’ which has been preserved especially in compounds such as AS. cyne-helm, ‘king's helmet,’ i.e. ‘crown,’ ​cynestôl, ‘king's seat,’ i.e. ‘throne,’ cynerice, equiv. to OHG chunirîhhi, ‘kingdom,’ &c.; the simple form is perhaps found only in OIc. poetry as konr (i-stem), ‘man of noble birth, relative of the king.’ In tracing the evolution in meaning, this fact can no more be rejected than the former; in this case too König would contain the essential idea of distinguished birth, but perhaps more accurately ‘the son of a man of distinguished birth’; comp. Fr. and E. prince, signifying both Prinz (male member of the royal family) and Fürst (a sovereign ruler, and also a title next above Count). The etymological connection between E. king and queen must be discarded, since the latter signified ‘woman’ generally; yet it is of some value in illustrating the development of meaning in the word König; AS. cwên is espec. ‘the noble lady.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Kux

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Kux | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Kux, m., ‘share in a mine,’ earlier ModHG. and dial. Ruckus; first occurs in early ModHG., perhaps introduced from the Slav. frontier mountains.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Käfig

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Käfig | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Käfig, m. and n., ‘cage, gaol,’ from MidHG. kęvje, m., f., and n., ‘cage (for wild animals and birds),’ also ‘prison’; the j of the MidHG. word became g (comp. Ferge and Scherge). OHG. chęvia, f., is derived from Low Lat. cávia, Lat. cặvea, ‘birdcage’ (respecting HG. f for Lat. v, comp. Pferd, Vers, and Verdikt), whence also ModHG. Kaue. Allied to the Rom. words, Ital. gabbia, gaggia, Fr. cage (hence E. cage), and Ital. gabbiuolo, Fr. geôle (E. jail, gaol), ‘prison.’ Further, Bauer first obtained the meaning ‘cage’ in MidHG.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Kämpe

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Kämpe | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Kämpe, m., ‘combatant, wrestler,’ first introduced into literary ModHG. by the study of the Teut. languages, yet the special history of the word is not known. The form Indicates a LG. origin; comp. OLG. kęmpio, ‘combatant, warrior.’ Perhaps it was orig. a legal term of the Saxon Code. See Kampf.