# Maori Religion and Mythology/Appendix

MAORI TERMS OF RELATIONSHIP.
Tupuna.An ancestor—male or female.
Matua.A father, or uncle either patruus or avunculus.
Papa.The same.
Whaea.A mother, or aunt on either side.
Tama.Eldest nephew.
Tamahine.Eldest niece; also used more generally.
Tamaiti.Son, or nephew.
Tamaroa.The same.
Tungane.A sister's brother.
Tuahine.A brother's sister.
Iramutu.A nephew, or niece.
Hungawai.A father-in-law, or mother-in-law.
Hunaonga.A son-in-law, or daughter-in-law.
Taokete.A man's brother-in-law, or sister's sister-in-law.
Autane.A woman's brother-in-law.
Auwahine.A man's sister-in-law.
Huanga.A relation in general.
Whanaunga-tupu.A blood relation.
​Ariki.The first born male or female.
Waewae.A man's younger brother: literally the foot.
Hamua.Syn. tuakana.
Maronui.A married man or woman.
Takakau.A single man or woman.
Pouaru.A widow.
VOCABULARY
OF SOME MAORI WORDS REQUIRING EXPLANATION.
Ihi has the sense of tapu when occurring in karakia, or invocations of spirits.
Kahukahu, the spirit of the germ of a human being: also called Atua noho-whare, or house-dwelling Atua. Verbi kahukahu significatio simplex est panniculus; et panniculus quo utitur femina menstrualis nomine kahukahu dicitur κατ' ἐξοχὴν. Apud populum Novæ Zelandæ creditur sanguinem utero sub tempus menstruale effusum continere germina hominis; et secundùm præcepta veteris superstitionis panniculus sanguine menstruali imbutus habebatur sacer (tapu), haud aliter quàm si formam humanam accepisset: mulierum autem mos est ​hos panniculos intra juncos parietum abdere; et hâc de causa paries est domûs pars adeo sacra ut nemo illi innixus sedere audeat.
Karakia. This word generally rendered by 'charm,' does not signify what the word charm would mean, in its popular sense. The word 'invocation' conveys more correctly its meaning; for it is a prayer addressed to spirits of deceased ancestors, in form somewhat like a litany.
Kaupapa, one whom the spirit of an ancestor visits, and who is its medium of communication with the living.
Pukenga, a spirit, the author or first teacher of any karakia.
Tapairu, any very sacred ancestral Spirit: also sometimes applied to the female Ariki.
Tauira, a person who is being instructed by a tohunga, or by the spirit of a parent or ancestor. He had to submit to a strict fast of several days before he was taught any important karakia.
Tipua, or Tupua, the spirit of one who when living was noted for powerful karakia.
Tiri, a strip of flax leaf or toetoe so placed as to serve as an imaginary pathway for an Atua. In sickness a tiri is suspended above the head of the sick person to facilitate the departure of the Atua who causes the disease. A tiri is also suspended near the kaupapa, when he desires his Atua to visit him. It is also applied to signify the karakia used on such occasions.
Tohunga, a person skilled in karakia, also one skilled in any craft.
​Tuahu, a sacred place where offerings of food—first fruits—for the Atua were deposited.
Wananga, the spirit of anyone who when living had learned the karakia of his ancestors: thus when a tauira died he became a wananga.
TE KARAKIA
Mo te pikinga o Tawhaki ki te Rangi.—vid. p. 23.
Piki ake Tawhaki i te ara kuiti I whakatauria ai te ara o Rangi, Te ara o Tu-kaiteuru. Ka kakea te ara wha-iti, Ka kakea te ara wha-rahi, Ko te ara i whakatauria ai To tupuna a Te Ao-nunui, A Te Ao-roroa, A Te Ao-whititera. Tena ka eke Kei to Ihi, Kei to Mana, Kei nga mano o runga, Kei o Ariki, Kei o Tapairu, Kei o Pukenga, Kei o Wananga, Kei o Tauira.
TE TUKU O HINE-TE-IWAIWA.—vid. p. 28.
KARAKIA
Mo te wahine i pākia nga u i te whanautanga o te tamaiti.—vid. p. 39.
KARAKIA
Mo te whakapikinga o te ara o te tupapaku ana ka mate, kia tika ai te haere ki nga mea kua mate atu imua.—vid. p. 44.
Tena te ara, ko te ara o Tawhaki, I piki ai ki te rangi, I kake ai ki tou tini, Ki tou mano: I whano ai koe, I taemai ai to wairua ora Ki tou kaupapa. Tenei hoki ahau Te mihi atu nei, Te tangi atu nei Ki to wairua mate. Puta purehurehu mai To putanga mai ki ahau, Ki to kaupapa, I piri mai ai koe, I tangi mai ai koe. Tena te tiri, Ko te tiri a o tupuna, Ko te tiri a nga Pukenga, A nga Wananga, Aku, a tenei tauira.
HE WHAKAMURI-AROHA.—vid. p. 47–8.
Aha te hau e maene ki to kiri? E kore pea koe e ingo mai ki to hoa, I piri ai korua i to korua moenga, I awhi ai korua, I tangi ai korua. Tena taku aroha Ma te hau e kawe ki a koe, Huri mai to aroha, Tangi mai ki to moenga, I moe ai korua. Kia pupuke—a—wai to aroha.
TE POROPORO-AKI A TAMA-TE-KAPUA.—vid. p. 53.
E papa nga rakau i runga i a koe, Mau ake te Whakaro ake. Ae, Ae. E haere nga taua i te ao nei, Mau e patu. Ae, Ae.