OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Vicariate Apostolic of Antofogaste

From volume 1 of the work.
Vicariate Apostolic in Chile, dependent on the Sacred Congregation of Ecclesiastical Affairs. By the treaty of 24 November, 1884, between Chile and Bolivia, the part of the province of Antofogaste which belonged to Bolivia was ceded to Chile. The population in 1895 was 44,085, of which the city of Antofogaste contained 16,253. The area of the vicariate in square miles is 46,597. There are six parishes under the jurisdiction of the vicar-apostolic: Nuestra Senyora del Carmen de Tocopilla, Santa María Magdalena de Cobija, San Jose de Antofogaste, San Felipe de Neri de Caracoles, San Juan Bautista de Calama, and San Pedro de Atcama. The ecclesiastical vicariate of Antofogaste and that of Tarapacá depend directly on the Holy See, but appeals from their vicars should come to the Archbishopric of Santiago.
La Provincia Ecclesiastica Chilena (Freiburg, 1895).
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Vicariate Apostolic of Arabia

From volume 1 of the work.
Arabia formerly belonged to the mission of Galla (Africa), but was made a separate prefecture Apostolic by Pius IX, 21 Jan., 1875. It was reunited to the mission of Galla, then made a vicariate Apostolic, by Leo XIII, 25 April, 1888, under Monseigneur Lasserre. The Capuchin Fathers under Monseigneur Lasserre had long been in charge of the Aden mission, together with that of Somaliland. The first vicar Apostolic brought to Aden a community of French Franciscan sisters, to whose care the British authorities entrusted 100 Galla children rescued from Arab slave ships. With these liberated captives it was hoped to found a Catholic colony at some distance inland, but circumstances had, as late as 1906, frustrated this and other attempts to carry the Faith into the interior of Arabia. This vicariate Apostolic has 12,000,000 inhabitants, of whom about 15,000 are Catholics; 11 missions, 4 churches or chapels, 6 stations. (For origins of Arabian Christianity, see CHRISTIANITY IN ARABIA, under ARABIA.)
BATTANDIER, Ann. pont. cath., 1906; PIOLET, Miss. cath.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Tepl

From volume 14 of the work.
A Premonstratensian abbey in the western part of Bohemia, included in the Archdiocese of Prague; it was founded in 1193 by the blessed martyr Hroznata, a Bohemian nobleman (d. 1217). The first monks came from the Abbey of Strahov in Prague. Tepl escaped any damage in the Hussite Wars, probably on account of the military spirit of its Abbot, Racko of Risenberg (1411-44), who was aided by his relatives. It suffered, however, all the more during the era of the Reformation. Luther's doctrine soon found adherents among the subjects of the abbey. In 1525 there was a rebellion against the abbot and peace was not restored until the ringleaders of the revolt were executed. In the following years a number of the monks left the order and married. Monastic discipline was restored by Abbot Johann Kurz (1555-59), who also established a theological school. But his successor, Johann Meyskönig (1559-85), had a struggle with insubordination in the monastery. With the aid of the archbishop he was able to improve the monastery and the school. He brought back most of his subjects to the Catholic Church by compulsion, after gentle treatment had failed. The reform was continued by Mathias Göhl (1585-96). Andreas Ebersbach (1598-1629) was a zealous reformer of the abbey and raised it to such a height that it was called the "nursery of pastoral work". Parochial work and higher education are still important features of the life of the abbey. The abbey has the pastoral care of twenty-four parishes that are all in the western part of Bohemia, a section which is almost entirely German. A twenty-fifth parish is being formed. The abbey has a theological school of the order with a two-years' course and three professors. Since 1809 it has had charge of the German gymnasium at Pilsen where there are fourteen canons. It also owns the celebrated cure of Marienbad. It supports hospitals at Tepl and Marienbad. The members of the abbey include 84 priests, 13 clerics, and 2 novices. The present monastery building was erected by Abbot Raimund Wilfert II (1688-1724); the library was built by Abbot Gilbert Helmer (since 1900). The Romanesque church, with additions in the style of the transition to the Gothic, is one of the oldest churches of Bohemia.
KARLIK, Hroznata u. die Prämonstratenser-Abtei Tepl (2nd ed., Pilsen, 1883); Festschrift zum 700-jährigen Jubiläum der Gründung des Prämonstratenserstiftes Tepl (Tepl, 1893); GRASSL, Gesch. u. Beschreibung des Stiftes Tepl (Pilsen, 1910); ZÁK, Oesterreiches Klosterbuch (Vienna, 1911), 54-56.
Klemens Löffler.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Terence Albert O'Brien

From volume 11 of the work.
Contributor not stated; attributed to McNeill in Catholic Encyclopedia and Its Makers.
Born at Limerick, 1600; died there, 31 October 1651. He joined the Dominicans, receiving the name Albert at Limerick, where his uncle, Maurice O"Brien, was then prior. In 1622 he studied at Toledo and after eight years returned to Limerick, to become twice prior there and once at Lorrha, and in 1643 provincial of his order in Ireland. His services to the Catholic Confederation were highly valued by the Supreme Council. At Rome he received the degree of Master in Theology, and on his return made a visitation of two houses of his province at Lisbon, where it was reported that urban VIII was about to appoint him coadjutor to the Bishop of Emly. He was again named for the coadjutorship by the Supreme Council at the end of 1645, and recommended by the nuncio Rinuccini. Subsequently, at the petition of many bishops, Rinuccini wrote (17 March 1646) that Burgat, Vicar-General of Emly, was a suitable person for the coadjutorship. In August he renewed his recommendation of Father Terence O"Brien, who was named coadjutor with the right of succession, in March, 1647, and eight months later was consecrated by Rinuccini. Throughout the ensuing troubles he adhered to the nuncio. He signed the declaration against Inchiquin's truce in 1648, and the declaration against Ormond in 1650. When Limerick was besieged in 1651, he urged a stubborn resistance and so embittered the Ormondists and the Parliamentarians, that in the capitulation he was excluded from quarter and protection. The day after the surrender, he with Major General Purcell and Father Wolf were discovered in the pest-house, brought before a court martial and ordered for execution, which took place on the following day.
MEEHAN, Memoirs of the Irish Hierarchy in the Seventeenth Century (6th ed., Dublin, about 1888); O'REILLY, Memorials of those who suffered for the Catholic Faith (London, 1868); MURPHY, Our Martyrs (Dublin, 1896); DE BURGO, Hibernia Dominicana (Cologne, 1762); WALSH in Irish Eccl. Rec., Feb., 1894
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Tertiaries

From volume 14 of the work.
(From the Latin tertiarius, the relative adjective of tertius, third ).
Tertiaries, or what is know as "Third Orders", are those persons who live according to the Third Rule of religious orders, either outside of a monastery in the world, or in a religious community. The idea which forms the basis of this institute is in general this, that persons who on account of certain circumstances cannot enter a religious order, strictly so-called, may, nevertheless, as far as possible enjoy the advantages and privileges of religious orders. This is most clearly expressed in the Rule of the Third Order of St. Francis which, although not the oldest, has, nevertheless, become the model for the rule of almost all other Third Orders. Tertiaries are divided into Regular and Secular (see THIRD ORDERS).
Ferdinand Heckmann.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Teos

From volume 14 of the work.
Titular see; suffragan of Ephesus in Asia Minor. A city of Caria situated on a peninsula opposite Sainos, it was an asylum for the Greeks likewise for the MinyÊ of Orchomenos; then came colonies from Ionia, Athens and Bæotia and gradually the population became Grecian. This very prosperous city was one of the first attacked by the Persians; the inhabitants fled into Thrace and founded Abdera,during the reign of Cyrus. Those who remained in Teos allied themselves with the Athenians. Later they revolted, going over to the Spartan rule, but were afterwards reconquered by the Athenians. The walls, recently discovered 3 3/4 miles in circumference, date from this time, as do also the greater part of the monuments which made it one of the most beautiful cities of lonia. Teos was celebrated for its wine and, therefore, for the worship of Bacchus. Here was born the poet Anacreon. Here too was the home of a body of bacchanalian artists who furnished actors for the theatres of Asia and the Archipelago. It was the beginning of the ancient theatre. In order to further commerce and the pursuit of the fine arts, Teos, after having saved the fleet of the Roman prætor Regulus from Antiochus, King of Syria, secured for its territory in 193 B.C. from Rome and a great number of Grecian cities the right of perpetual asylum, this privilege being largely due to the temple of Bacchus. During the Christian era almost nothing is known of this city. It figures in all the "Notitiæ Episcopatuum" as a suffragan of Ephesus but in the fifteenth century no mention is made of it. Teos is believed to have been destroyed by an earthquake. Among its bishops Le Quien (Oriens christianus, I, 727) mentions: Maximus at the Council of Nice; Gennadius at Chalcedon, 451; finally St. Sisinnius, who is said to have lived about the eleventh century, and whose feast days are 2 February and 14 July, at Torcelli near Venice. To-day Teos is known as Sighadjik, near Sivri-Hissar; it is a nahié of the sanjak of Smyrna; its ruins have furnished a great many inscriptions.
SMITH, Dict. of Gr. and Rom. Geog., s.v.; TEXIER, Asie Mineure (Paris, 1862), 361-6; WADDINGTON, Explication des inscriptions grecques et latines, Asie Mineure, 28-55; Bulletin de correspondance hellénique, IV 54-9, 110-21, 164-82; SCHEFFLER, De rebus Teiorum (Leipzig, 1882) CUINET, La Turquie d'Asie, III, 493-5; CHAPOT, La province romaine proconsulaire d'Asie (Paris, 1904), Passim.
S. VAILHÉ
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Teresa Lalor

From volume 8 of the work.
Co-foundress, with Bishop Neale of Baltimore, of the Visitation Order in the United States, b. in Ireland; d. 9 Sept., 1846. Her childhood, spent in Co. Kilkenny, gave such evident mani- festations of a vocation to the religious life that Bishop Lanigan of Ossory had made arrangements for her entrance into a convent of his diocese, when she was obliged to accompany her family to America. Arriving at Philadelphia in 1797, she became acquainted with Rev. Leonard Neale, pastor of St. Joseph's church in that city, and under his direction she devoted herself to works of piety and charity. He recognized in her an instrument for the formation of a religious community, and with this object in view an academy was opened for the instruction of girls. But an epidemic of yellow fever carried off Miss Lalor's companions, and as Father Neale was transferred in 1799 from Philadelphia, to become president of Georgetown College, she also went to Georgetown, D. C., and was for a time domiciled with a small community of Poor Clares, exiled from France. On the departure of the Poor Clares from America, Miss Lalor and two companions opened a school of their own in a house which stood within the present grounds of the Visitation convent, the oldest house of the order in the United States. The "pious ladies", as they were called, aspired to become religious, and, as Bishop Neale was greatly in favor of the rule of St. Francis de Sales, he wished to affiliate them with the order founded by the saintly Bishop of Geneva; but the disturbed condition of ecclesiastical affairs in Europe prevented this until 1816, when he obtained a grant from Pius VII for the community to be considered as belonging to the Order of the Visitation, sharing in all the spiritual advantages thereto annexed. Mother Teresa with two other sisters was professed on the feast of the Holy Innocents of that same year, and became the first superioress of the Georgetown Convent. She lived to see three other houses of the institute founded, offshoots of the mother-house: Mobile, in 1832; Kaskaskia (afterwards transferred to St. Louis), in 1833; and Baltimore, in 1837. She was assisted in her last moments by Archbishop Eccleston of Baltimore. She was about seventy-seven years of age, forty-six of which had been spent in the enclosure where her remains repose, with those of Archbishop Neale, in the crypt beneath the chapel of the convent which they founded.
LATHROP (GEORGE PARSONS AND ROSE HAWTHORNE), A Story of Courage (Cambridge, 1895); MS. records of the Visitation convent, Georgetown, D. C., a short account of the life of the foundress of the Visitation Order in America.
E. Devitt.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Terenuthis

From volume 14 of the work.
Titular see, suffragan of Antinoë in Thebais Prima. Le Quien (Oriens christ., II, 611) mentions two of its bishops: Arsinthius in 404; Eulogius at the Council of Ephesus in 431. The monks sometimes sought refuge there during incursions of the barbarian Maziks (Cotelier, "Ecclesiæ græcæ monumenta", I, 393). John Moschus went there at the beginning of the seventh century (Pratum spirituale, LIV, CXIV). There is frequent mention of this town in Christian Coptic literature. The present village of Tarraneh in the Province of Beherah replaces Terenuthis, the ruins of which lie about a mile and a quarter to the west. It has 1330 inhabitants. About nine and a quarter miles distant are the Lakes of Nitria and Scetis, near which were the lauras of these names.
Georgii Cyprii Descriptio orb. rom., ed. GELZER, 125; AMÉLINEAU, La géog. de l'Egypte a l'époque Copte (Paris, 1893), 493.
S. VAILHÉ
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Termessus

From volume 14 of the work.
A titular see, suffragan of Perge in Pamphylia Secunda. This is one of the most ancient cities of the Pisidians, inhabited by the Solymi, whose name was preserved for several centuries in Mount Solyma, known to-day as Guldére-Dagh, and was referred to by Homer, II, VI, 184, and Strabo, XIII, 630. A warlike city, Termessus maintained its independence even under the dominion of the Persians, and refused to receive Alexander the Great, who dared not besiege it (Arianus, I, 27). Under the successor of Alexander, Termessus preserved its autonomy and, in 189 B. C., formed an alliance with the Roman consul, Cn. Manlius, who confirmed it; under the Emperor Domitian it still enjoyed this alliance. Subsequently the city was incorporated with the Province of Pisidia and later with that of Pamphylia. From the ruins of the monuments which remain, it is evident that this was one of the richest and the most civilized cities of Asia Minor; as far back at least as the fourth century B. C., it had been colonized by the Hellenic race. Among its bishops we note: Euresius present at the Council of Nicæa in 325; Timothy at Epheseus in 431; Sabinianus in 448; and Auxentius in 458. Timothy and Sabinianus bear the double title of Termessus and Eudocias. Ramsay (Asia Minor, 18) has taken for granted that these two names refer to one and the same city, but in the year 458 we find at the same period Auxentius, Bishop of Termessus, and Innocentius, Bishop of Eudocias; moreover, in the Ecthesis of Pseudo-Epiphanius, towards 640 (Gelzer, "Ungedruckte . . . Texte der Notitiæ episcopatuum", 541), in the Notitiæ of Leon le Sage and of Constantin Porphyrogenetus ("Georgii Cyprii De scriptio Orbis Romani", ed. Gelzer, 74), these two archdioceses are absolutely distinct in the tenth century. It is not known when the Diocese of Termessus or the city disappeared. The ruins of the city situated at Karabounar, Keui in the sanjak of Adalia and the vilayet of Koniah, figure among the richest monuments of antiquity in Asia Minor.
LE QUIEN, Oriens christianus, I, 1019; SPATT AND FORBES, Travels in Lycia, I (London, 1847), 233; SMITH, Dict, of Greek and Roman Geography, s. v.; LEBAS-WADDINGTON, Asie-Mineure (Paris, 1847-68), 1202-10; Journal of Hellenic Studies (London. 1895), 126-128; LANCKÓRONSKI, Les villes de la Pamphylie et de la Pisidie (Paris, 1890), 23-126, 207-35; COUSIN, Termessos de Pisidie in Bull. de corresp. hellénique, XXIII (Paris, 1893), 165-192, 280-303.
S. VAILHÉ.
# Clay v. United States/Concurrence Harlan

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Per Curiam Opinion of the Court
* Concurring Opinions Douglas Harlan
* Wikipedia article
United States Supreme Court
403 U.S. 698
Clay v. United States
Argued: April 19, 1971. --- Decided: June 28, 1971
Mr. Justice HARLAN, concurring in the result.
I concur in the result on the following ground. The Department of Justice advice letter was at least susceptible of the reading that petitioner's proof of sincerity was insufficient as a matter of law because his conscientious objector claim had not been timely asserted. This would have been erroneous advice had the Department's letter been so read. Since the Appeals Board might have acted on such an interpretation of the letter, reversal is required under Sicurella v. United States, 348 U.S. 385, 75 S.Ct. 403, 99 L.Ed. 436 (1955).

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Clay v. United States

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Wikidata item.
Clay v. United States, 403 U.S. 698 (1971), was boxer Muhammad Ali's appeal of his conviction for refusing to report for induction into the United States military forces during the Vietnam War. His local draft board had rejected his application for conscientious objector classification. In a unanimous 8-0 ruling, the United States Supreme Court reversed the Fifth Circuit court's affirmation of the conviction. The Supreme Court of the United States found the government had failed to properly specify why Ali's application had been denied, thereby requiring the conviction to be overturned.

## Concurring Opinions

    Douglas
    Harlan
United States Supreme Court
403 U.S. 698
Clay, AKA Ali v. United States
Certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit
No. 783. Argued: April 19, 1971 --- Decided: June 28, 1971
Petitioner appealed his local draft board's rejection of his application for conscientious objector classification. The Justice Department, in response to the State Appeal Board's referral for an advisory recommendation, concluded, contrary to a hearing officer's recommendation, that petitioner's claim should be denied, and wrote that board that petitioner did not meet any of the three basic tests for conscientious objector status. The Appeal Board then denied petitioner's claim, but without stating its reasons. Petitioner refused to report for induction, for which he was therefore tried and convicted. The Court of Appeals affirmed. In this Court the Government has rightly conceded the invalidity of two of the grounds for denial of petitioner's claim given in its latter to the Appeal Board, but argues that there was factual support for the third ground.
Held: Since the Appeal Board gave no reason for the denial of a conscientious objector exemption to petitioner, and it is impossible to determine on which of the three grounds offered in the Justice Department's letter that board relied, petitioner's conviction must be reversed. Sicurella v. United States, 348 U.S. 385.
Chauncey Eskridge argued the cause for petitioner. With him on the briefs were Jack Greenberg, James M. Nabrit III, Jonathan Shapiro, and Elizabeth B. DuBois.
Solicitor General Griswold argued the cause for the United States. With him on the brief were Assistant Attorney General Wilson and Beatrice Rosenberg.
PER CURIAM.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Clay v. Sun Insurance Office, Ltd.

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
377 U.S. 179
Clay v. Sun Insurance Office, Ltd.
Argued: April 28, 1964. --- Decided: May 18, 1964
Paschal C. Reese, West Palm Beach, Fla., for petitioner.
James T. Carlisle, Tallahassee, for the State of Florida, as amicus curiae, pro hac vice, by special leave of Court.
Bert Cotton, New York City, for respondent.
Mr. Justice DOUGLAS delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Clay v. Sun Insurance Office Limited

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.

## Dissenting Opinion

    Douglas
United States Supreme Court
363 U.S. 207
John CLAY, Petitioner, v. SUN INSURANCE OFFICE LIMITED.
Argued: March 22 and 23, 1960. --- Decided: June 13, 1960
Mr. Paschal C. Reese, West Palm Beach, Fla., for petitioner.
Mr. Bert Cotton, New York City, for respondent.
Mr. Robert J. Kelly, Tallahassee, Fla., for State of Florida, as amicus curiae, pro hac vice, by special leave of Court.
Mr. Justice FRANKFURTER delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Clay v. Sun Insurance Office Limited/Dissent Douglas

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
* Dissenting Opinion Douglas
United States Supreme Court
363 U.S. 207
John CLAY, Petitioner, v. SUN INSURANCE OFFICE LIMITED.
Argued: March 22 and 23, 1960. --- Decided: June 13, 1960
Mr. Justice DOUGLAS, dissenting.
While I join the dissent of my Brother BLACK, I desire to give renewed protest to our practice of making litigants travel a long, expensive road in order to obtain justice. Congress has created federal courts with power to adjudicate controversies between citizens of different States. They are manned by judges drawn from the local Bars and fairly conversant with the laws of their respective areas. They are equipped to decide questions of local law as well as federal questions. As we stated in Meredith v. City of Winter Haven, 320 U.S. 228, 236, 64 S.Ct. 7, 12, 88 L.Ed. 9:
'Congress having adopted the policy of opening the federal courts to suitors in all diversity cases involving the jurisdictional amount, we can discern in its action no recognition of a policy which would exclude cases from the jurisdiction merely because they involve state law or because the law is uncertain or difficuilt to determine.'
The situations where a federal court might await decision in a state court or even remand the parties to it should be the exception not the rule. Only prejudice against diversity jurisdiction can explain the avoidance of the simple constitutional question that is presented here and the remittance of the parties to state courts to begin the litigation anew. Some litigants have long purses. Many, however, can hardly afford one lawsuit, let alone two. Shuttling the parties between state and federal tribunals is a sure way of defeating the ends of justice. The pursuit of justice is not an academic exercise. There are no foundations to finance the resolution of nice state law questions involved in federal court litigation. The parties are entitled absent unique and rare situations-to adjudication of their rights in the tribunals which Congress has empowered to act.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse