OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# United States Code/Title 11/Chapter 5/Section 510

§ 510. Subordination
    (a) A subordination agreement is enforceable in a case under this title to the same extent that such agreement is enforceable under applicable nonbankruptcy law.
    (b) For the purpose of distribution under this title, a claim arising from rescission of a purchase or sale of a security of the debtor or of an affiliate of the debtor, for damages arising from the purchase or sale of such a security, or for reimbursement or contribution allowed under section 502 on account of such a claim, shall be subordinated to all claims or interests that are senior to or equal the claim or interest represented by such security, except that if such security is common stock, such claim has the same priority as common stock.
    (c) Notwithstanding subsections (a) and (b) of this section, after notice and a hearing, the court may—
       (1) under principles of equitable subordination, subordinate for purposes of distribution all or part of an allowed claim to all or part of another allowed claim or all or part of an allowed interest to all or part of another allowed interest; or
       (2) order that any lien securing such a subordinated claim be transferred to the estate.
# United States Code/Title 11/Chapter 5/Section 511

§ 511. Rate of interest on tax claims
    (a) If any provision of this title requires the payment of interest on a tax claim or on an administrative expense tax, or the payment of interest to enable a creditor to receive the present value of the allowed amount of a tax claim, the rate of interest shall be the rate determined under applicable nonbankruptcy law.
    (b) In the case of taxes paid under a confirmed plan under this title, the rate of interest shall be determined as of the calendar month in which the plan is confirmed.
# United States Code/Title 11/Chapter 5/Section 509

§ 509. Claims of codebtors
    (a) Except as provided in subsection (b) or (c) of this section, an entity that is liable with the debtor on, or that has secured, a claim of a creditor against the debtor, and that pays such claim, is subrogated to the rights of such creditor to the extent of such payment.
    (b) Such entity is not subrogated to the rights of such creditor to the extent that—
       (1) a claim of such entity for reimbursement or contribution on account of such payment of such creditor’s claim is—
          (A) allowed under section 502 of this title;
          (B) disallowed other than under section 502 (e) of this title; or
          (C) subordinated under section 510 of this title; or
       (2) as between the debtor and such entity, such entity received the consideration for the claim held by such creditor.
    (c) The court shall subordinate to the claim of a creditor and for the benefit of such creditor an allowed claim, by way of subrogation under this section, or for reimbursement or contribution, of an entity that is liable with the debtor on, or that has secured, such creditor’s claim, until such creditor’s claim is paid in full, either through payments under this title or otherwise.
# United States Code/Title 11/Chapter 5/Section 508

§ 508. Effect of distribution other than under this title
If a creditor of a partnership debtor receives, from a general partner that is not a debtor in a case under chapter 7 of this title, payment of, or a transfer of property on account of, a claim that is allowed under this title and that is not secured by a lien on property of such partner, such creditor may not receive any payment under this title on account of such claim until each of the other holders of claims on account of which such holders are entitled to share equally with such creditor under this title has received payment under this title equal in value to the consideration received by such creditor from such general partner.
# United States Code/Title 11/Chapter 5/Section 506

§ 506. Determination of secured status
    (a)
       (1) An allowed claim of a creditor secured by a lien on property in which the estate has an interest, or that is subject to setoff under section 553 of this title, is a secured claim to the extent of the value of such creditor’s interest in the estate’s interest in such property, or to the extent of the amount subject to setoff, as the case may be, and is an unsecured claim to the extent that the value of such creditor’s interest or the amount so subject to setoff is less than the amount of such allowed claim. Such value shall be determined in light of the purpose of the valuation and of the proposed disposition or use of such property, and in conjunction with any hearing on such disposition or use or on a plan affecting such creditor’s interest.
       (2) If the debtor is an individual in a case under chapter 7 or 13, such value with respect to personal property securing an allowed claim shall be determined based on the replacement value of such property as of the date of the filing of the petition without deduction for costs of sale or marketing. With respect to property acquired for personal, family, or household purposes, replacement value shall mean the price a retail merchant would charge for property of that kind considering the age and condition of the property at the time value is determined.
    (b) To the extent that an allowed secured claim is secured by property the value of which, after any recovery under subsection (c) of this section, is greater than the amount of such claim, there shall be allowed to the holder of such claim, interest on such claim, and any reasonable fees, costs, or charges provided for under the agreement or State statute under which such claim arose.
    (c) The trustee may recover from property securing an allowed secured claim the reasonable, necessary costs and expenses of preserving, or disposing of, such property to the extent of any benefit to the holder of such claim, including the payment of all ad valorem property taxes with respect to the property.
    (d) To the extent that a lien secures a claim against the debtor that is not an allowed secured claim, such lien is void, unless—
       (1) such claim was disallowed only under section 502 (b)(5) or 502 (e) of this title; or
       (2) such claim is not an allowed secured claim due only to the failure of any entity to file a proof of such claim under section 501 of this title.
# United States v. Armour & Company/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Per Curiam Opinion of the Court
* Dissenting Opinion Douglas
United States Supreme Court
398 U.S. 268
United States v. Armour & Company
The judgment is vacated and the case is remanded to the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois with instructions to dismiss the case as moot.
Mr. Justice DOUGLAS, dissenting.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# United States v. Armour & Company

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.

## Dissenting Opinion

    Douglas
United States Supreme Court
398 U.S. 268
United States v. Armour & Company
James van R. Springer, Washington, D. C., for appellant.
Herbert A. Bergson, Washington, D. C., for appellees.
PER CURIAM.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# United States v. Armour & Company (402 U.S. 673)
## Dissenting Opinion

    Douglas
Supreme Court of the United States
402 U.S. 673
United States v. Armour & Co, et al.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois
No. 759. Argued: April 19, 1971 --- Decided: June 1, 1971
The ownership of the majority of the stock of Armour & Co., a meatpacker, by Greyhound Corp., which has retail food subsidiaries and accordingly engages in business that may be forbidden to Armour by the Meat Packers Consent Decree of 1920, in itself and without any evidentiary showing as to the consequences, does not violate the Decree's prohibition against Armour's "directly or indirectly... engaging or carrying on" the forbidden business. Pp. 674-683.
MARSHALL, J., delivered the opinion of the Court, in which BURGER, C.J., and HARLAN and STEWART, JJ., joined. DOUGLAS, J., filed a dissenting opinion, in which BRENNAN and WHITE, JJ., joined, post, p. 683. BLACK and BLACKMUN, JJ., took no part in the consideration or decision of this case.
Deputy Solicitor General Springer argued the cause for the United States. With him on the brief were Solicitor General Griswold, Deputy Assistant Attorney General Comegys, and Howard E. Shapiro.
Edward L. Foote argued the cause for appellee Greyhound Corp. With him on the brief was Robert J. Bernard.
# United States v. Arjona

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
120 U.S. 479
United States v. Arjona
Atty. Gen. Garland, for plaintiff.
Geo. W. Wingate, for defendant.
WAITE, C. J.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# USAMGIK Ordinance 61
## Seoul, Korea

ORDINANCE NUMBER 61
DISSOLUTION OF KOREAN ASSOCIATION FOR PROTECTION AND RELIEF OF CONSCRIPTED LABORERS AND WAR SUFFERERS; PAYMENT OF BENEFITS; ACCOUNTING

## Military Governor of Korea.

This work is in the public domain because, according to Article 7 of the Copyright Act of South Korea, this work is not protected by copyright law. This following works are included:
* Constitution, laws, treaties, decrees, ordinances and rules;
* Notices, public notifications, directions and others similar to them issued by the state or local government;
* Judgments, decisions, orders, or rulings of courts, as well as rulings and decisions made by the administrative appeal procedures, or other similar procedures;
* Compilations or translations of works as referred to in Subparagraphs 1 to 3 which are produced by the state or local government; and
* Current news reports which transmit simple facts, and digital audio transmission
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# USAMGIK Ordinance 63
## Seoul, Korea

ORDINANCE NUMBER 63
BUREAU OF POLICE REMOVED FROM SUPERVISION AND DIRECTION OF OFFICE OF DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL DEFENSE.

## Military Governor of Korea.

*See Ordinance No 28, 13 November 1945, Sec Ⅱ.
This work is in the public domain because, according to Article 7 of the Copyright Act of South Korea, this work is not protected by copyright law. This following works are included:
* Constitution, laws, treaties, decrees, ordinances and rules;
* Notices, public notifications, directions and others similar to them issued by the state or local government;
* Judgments, decisions, orders, or rulings of courts, as well as rulings and decisions made by the administrative appeal procedures, or other similar procedures;
* Compilations or translations of works as referred to in Subparagraphs 1 to 3 which are produced by the state or local government; and
* Current news reports which transmit simple facts, and digital audio transmission
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# USAMGIK Ordinance 64
## Seoul, Korea

ORDINANCE NUMBER 64
NOMENCLATURE IN THE GOVERNMENT OF KOREA

## Military Governor of Korea.

This work is in the public domain because, according to Article 7 of the Copyright Act of South Korea, this work is not protected by copyright law. This following works are included:
* Constitution, laws, treaties, decrees, ordinances and rules;
* Notices, public notifications, directions and others similar to them issued by the state or local government;
* Judgments, decisions, orders, or rulings of courts, as well as rulings and decisions made by the administrative appeal procedures, or other similar procedures;
* Compilations or translations of works as referred to in Subparagraphs 1 to 3 which are produced by the state or local government; and
* Current news reports which transmit simple facts, and digital audio transmission
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# USAMGIK Ordinance 65
## Seoul, Korea

ORDINANCE NUMBER 65
REGULATION FO VEHICULAR AND PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC

## Military Governor of Korea.

This work is in the public domain because, according to Article 7 of the Copyright Act of South Korea, this work is not protected by copyright law. This following works are included:
* Constitution, laws, treaties, decrees, ordinances and rules;
* Notices, public notifications, directions and others similar to them issued by the state or local government;
* Judgments, decisions, orders, or rulings of courts, as well as rulings and decisions made by the administrative appeal procedures, or other similar procedures;
* Compilations or translations of works as referred to in Subparagraphs 1 to 3 which are produced by the state or local government; and
* Current news reports which transmit simple facts, and digital audio transmission
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# USAMGIK Ordinance 60
## GOVERNMENT IN KOREA

Office of the Military Governor Seoul, Korea
ORDINANCE NUMBER 60
PROVINCIAL COUNCILS

## Military Governor of Korea.

This work is in the public domain because, according to Article 7 of the Copyright Act of South Korea, this work is not protected by copyright law. This following works are included:
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* Notices, public notifications, directions and others similar to them issued by the state or local government;
* Judgments, decisions, orders, or rulings of courts, as well as rulings and decisions made by the administrative appeal procedures, or other similar procedures;
* Compilations or translations of works as referred to in Subparagraphs 1 to 3 which are produced by the state or local government; and
* Current news reports which transmit simple facts, and digital audio transmission
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# USAMGIK Ordinance 62
## Seoul, Korea

ORDINANCE NUMBER 62
REGULATION OF DRUGS, MEDICINES, PHARMACEUTICALS AND RELATED ARTICLES

## Military Governor of Korea.

This work is in the public domain because, according to Article 7 of the Copyright Act of South Korea, this work is not protected by copyright law. This following works are included:
* Constitution, laws, treaties, decrees, ordinances and rules;
* Notices, public notifications, directions and others similar to them issued by the state or local government;
* Judgments, decisions, orders, or rulings of courts, as well as rulings and decisions made by the administrative appeal procedures, or other similar procedures;
* Compilations or translations of works as referred to in Subparagraphs 1 to 3 which are produced by the state or local government; and
* Current news reports which transmit simple facts, and digital audio transmission
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute/Volume 15/Westland Institute

WESTLAND INSTITUTE.
Annual Meeting. 13th December, 1882.
J. Giles, President, in the chair.
ABSTRACT OF ANNUAL REPORT.
This is the Sixteenth Annual Report of the Institute. Its financial position is considered satisfactory, there being a credit balance of £20 14s. 5d.
The number of members on the roll is 90, showing an increase of 10 on the roll for 1881.
During the year there have been twelve committee meetings called and one special meeting.
A meeting of the Institute was held on the 2nd of March, when a paper was read by Dr. Bakewell "On some Difficulties of Darwinism," there was also one read by the same gentleman "On the Fallacies of Evolution," being a continuation of his former paper.
One hundred and ninety-one new books have been added to the library, which makes 2,276 volumes in the library at present.
The visitors to the Public Reading Room have been considerably more numerous than in the previous year, owing chiefly to the large influx of miners to the new rush at Rimu; and your committee intends applying to the Harbour Board and Borough and County Councils for subsidies to supplement the funds of the Institute.
The committee has much pleasure in acknowledging donations to the Library and Museum and in thanking the donors.
Election of Officers for 1883:—President—W. A. Spence; Vice-President—T. O. W. Croft; Hon. Treasurer—J. P. Will; Secretary—Richard Hilldrup.
# United States Statutes at Large/Volume 1/5th Congress/2nd Session/Chapter 31

Chap. ⅩⅩⅩⅠ.—An Act to provide an additional Armament for the further protection of the trade of the United States; and for other purposes.
Section 1. President authorized to cause a number of armed vessels, not exceeding twelve, to be procured and fitted out.Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the President of the United States shall be, and he is hereby authorized and empowered, to cause to be built, purchased or hired, a number of vessels, not exceeding twelve, nor carrying more than twenty-two guns each, to be armed, fitted out and manned under his direction.
Sec. 2. Number and grade of officers, pay, subsistence, term of service, &c.And be it further enacted, That the number and grade of the officers to be appointed for the service of the said vessels, shall be fixed by the President of the United States, as well as the number of men of which the respective crews shall be composed, who, as well officers as seamen and marines, shall receive the same pay and subsistence, be entitled to the same advantages and compensations, be governed by the same rules and regulations, and be engaged for the same time, and on the same conditions, as by an act of the United States, passed the first of July, one thousand seven hundred and ninety-seven, entitled Ante, p. 523.“An act providing a naval armament,” is ascertained and established, as fully, as if the particular provisions of that act, having reference thereto, were herein inserted at large. Provided always, and be it further there enacted, That the President of the United States be, and he is hereby authorized to cause the term of enlistment of the seamen and marines, to be employed in any vessel of the United States, to be extended beyond one year, if the vessel should then be at sea, and until ten days after such vessel shall arrive in some convenient port of the United States, thereafter; any thing contained in this act, or in the act entitled “An act providing a naval armament,” to the contrary notwithstanding.
Sec. 3. During the recess of the Senate the President may appoint officers. Appropriation.And be it further enacted, That the officers of the aforesaid vessels may, during the recess of the Senate, be appointed and commissioned by the President alone.
Sec. 4. And be it further enacted, That the sum of nine hundred and fifty thousand dollars be and are hereby appropriated out of any monies in the treasury of the United States, beyond the appropriations that may heretofore have been charged thereon, for the purpose of carrying the objects of this act into effect.
Approved, April 27, 1798.
# United States Statutes at Large/Volume 1/5th Congress/2nd Session/Chapter 34

Chap. ⅩⅩⅩⅣ.—An Act for erecting Lighthouses, and placing buoys and stakes at the places therein mentioned.
Section 1. Lighthouse to be built on Old Point Comfort.Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That as soon as a cession shall be made by the state of Virginia to the United States, of the jurisdiction over a tract of land proper for the purpose, the Secretary of the Treasury be, and he is hereby authorized to provide, by contract, to be approved by the President of the United States, for building a lighthouse on Old Point Comfort, in the said state, and to furnish the same with all necessary supplies; and also to agree for the salaries or wages of the person or persons who may be appointed by the President for the superintendence and care of the same, and that the President be authorized to make the said appointments; Buoys to be placed near the entrance of Portland Harbor.and also, that the Secretary of the Treasury be authorized to cause six buoys to be placed near the entrance of Portland harbor, in the state of Massachusetts, at such places as, in his opinion, will best secure the navigation of the said port; Warren river to be staked.and to cause the channel of Warren river, from Narranganset Bay, to the port of Warren, in the state of Rhode Island, to be staked out and distinctly marked.
Sec. 2. Appropriation.And be it further enacted, That there be appropriated and paid, out of the monies arising from imports and tonnage, the sum of three thousand and fifty dollars, for the purposes aforesaid.
Approved, April 27, 1798.
# United States Statutes at Large/Volume 1/5th Congress/2nd Session/Chapter 38

Chap. ⅩⅩⅩⅧ.—An Act to enable the President of the United States to procure Cannon, Arms and Ammunition, and for other purposes.
Appropriation to purchase cannon, small arms, &c.Section 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That a sum not exceeding eight hundred thousand dollars, shall be, and hereby is appropriated, and shall and may be paid out of any monies not before appropriated, under the direction of the President of the United States, to purchase, as soon as may be, a sufficient number of cannon, also a supply of small arms, and of ammunition and military stores, to be deposited, and used, as will be most conducive to the public safety and defence, at the discretion of the President of the United States.
Sec. 2.President may establish foundries and armouries. And be it further enacted, That the President of the United States be, and he is hereby authorized, in case he shall find it impracticable, to procure by purchase, with certainty and dispatch proportionate to the necessities of the public service, the cannon and arms hereby required, and any considerable part thereof shall be likely to be deficient, to take, by lease, for a term of years, or by sale in fee, to the United States, one or more suitable place or places where cannon or small arms may be advantageously cast and manufactured, and shall and may there establish founderies and armouries for the manufacture of the same, respectively, and shall cause suitable artisans and laborers to be there ​employed for account of the United States; and shall and may appoint one or more persons to superintend the said works, under the direction of the department of war. Accounts to be laid before Congress respecting the same.And an account of the expenditures which shall be incurred in forming and employing these establishments; and of the cannon and arms which shall be case and manufactured therein respectively, shall be laid before the Congress of the United States at their next session, and annually thereafter, so long as the same shall be continued.
Sec. 3.Appropriation for the foundries and armouries. And be it further enacted, That the sum of one hundred thousand dollars shall be and hereby is appropriated, and shall be paid out of any monies not before appropriated, for the hire, purchase and employ of the said founderies and armouries, respectively, in case such establishments shall be found necessary, as hereinbefore provided.
Approved, May 4, 1798.