OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Cæsar's Commentaries

Edition of 1920. See also Commentarii de Bello Gallico on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
CÆSAR'S COMMENTARIES. This great work contains the narrative of Cæsar's military operations in Gaul, Germany and Britain. It was given to the world in the year 51 B.C. Every victory won by Cæsar had only served to increase the alarm and hostility of his enemies at Rome, and doubt and suspicion were beginning to spread among the plebeians, on whom he chiefly relied for help in carrying out his designs. When public opinion was evidently taking the side of the Gauls and Germans the time had come for Caesar to act on public opinion. Hence the 'Commentaries,' a hasty compilation made from notes jotted down in his tent or during a journey. As to its truthfulness we cannot decide absolutely, the Gauls not having written their commentaries. But if Cæsar sinned in this respect, it was probably by omission, not by commission. Things the Romans might not like he does not mention: the sole aim of the book is to gain their suffrage. There is no allusion to the enormous fortune Cæsar acquired by plunder. On the other hand, he speaks of his cruelties—for instance, the killing in cold blood of 20,000 or 100,000 prisoners—with a calmness that to us is horrible, but which the Romans would deem natural and proper. The 'editio princeps' or first edition was printed at Rome (1449).
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Daisy Miller

Edition of 1920. See also Daisy Miller on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
DAISY MILLER. To know this novel by Henry James in all its forms, from the straight-forward first telling of the story in the Cornhill Magazine in 1878 to its revision in the New York edition of 1909, including the preface to the latter and the reworking of the former as a comedy (printed in the Atlantic Monthly in 1883), is to know the matter and the manner of its author as well as any one book or group of books can indicate the changing style and spirit of an author. Although refused by the first publisher to whom it was offered, as “an outrage on American girlhood,” ‘Daisy Miller’ justified itself by its later success both in England and America. It was, Mr. James says, “promptly pirated in Boston — a sweet tribute I hadn't yet received and was never again to know — and became ultimately the most prosperous child of my invention.” Although essentially dramatic in its quality as a story, it lost its character when rewritten as a play, and ‘Daisy Miller: A Comedy’ was the first of a line of paradoxical failures which marked the playwritings of this dramatic storyteller. As a character, too, Daisy Miller was one of the first of a long line — the successful line of those “international young ladies” who represent over a third of the feminine interest in Mr. James' stories. Like Charlotte Verver and Maggie, Julia Bride, Isabel Archer, Miss Gunton, Pandora Day, and dozens of others, she was young America sketched on a background of Europe, where neither the glare of her moneybags nor the shadow of her newness could obscure her real inwardness. Whether she was altogether fine like Isabel Archer in ‘The Portrait of a Lady,’ exquisitely, unmorally superior like Charlotte Verver in ‘The Golden Bowl,’ or naively, tragically vulgar, made up of “charming little parts that did not match and that made no ensemble,” like Daisy Miller, she was always a type that Henry James drew with vigor, truth and affection. For anyone interested in the contrast between the “early” and the “later” manner of James, a parallel reading of the first and last editions of ‘Daisy Miller’ will well repay study. Artistically, the simpler diction and form of the original is much better
suited to the tale as it would be less well suited to the more intricate psychology of ‘The Awkward Age,’ ‘The Ambassador,’ or ‘The Golden Bowl.’
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Crédit Foncier

Edition of 1920. See also Crédit Foncier de France on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
CRÉDIT FONCIER, krā'dē' fôn'syā', in France and other continental countries, a mode of raising money on land, the peculiarity of which is that the advance must not exceed one-half of the value of the property pledged or hypothecated, and that the repayment of the loan is by an annuity, which includes the interest and part of the principal, terminable at a certain date. Several companies have been established by the government with the privilege of making loans. The movement was initiated by L. Wolowski and was accepted by government decree in 1852. Its name became the “Banque Foncière of Paris.” Similar institutions at Nevers and Marseilles were amalgamated into one under the title of “Crédit Foncier de France.” Consult Wolowski, L., ‘De la Mobilisation du Crédit foncier’ (in Revue Wolowski, Vol. X, p. 241, 1839); Josseau, Chonsky and Delanoy, ‘Des Institutions de crédit foncier et agricole dans les principaux Etats de l'Europe’ (1851); Girault, A., ‘Le Crédit foncier et ses privilèges’ (Paris 1889, in Buttetin de la Société de législation comparée, 1891, pp. 232-237).
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Crédit Mobilier

Edition of 1920. See also Crédit Mobilier on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
CRÉDIT MOBILIER, krā-dē mō-bē'lyā (Fr. krā-dē mō-bē-lēā), a large company, incorporated under the name of Société générale du Crédit Mobilier, in France in 1852, and sanctioned by the then existing government. Its objects were (1) To take in hand and originate trading enterprises of all kinds, on the principle of limited liability. (2) To supersede or buy up trading companies; and to substitute scrip and shares of its own for the shares and bonds of the company. It had at the time of its formation a capital of 60,000,000 francs, and did a very extensive business. In 1855 the directors proposed to issue bonds to the amount of 240,000,000 francs, but financiers feared so large an amount of paper currency, and the issue was forbidden to the government. The prosperity of the company declined after this, and the management changed in 1871.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Cutter, Ephraim

Edition of 1920. See also Ephraim Cutter on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
CUTTER, Ephraim, American physician: b. Woburn, Mass., 1 Sept. 1832; d. West Falmouth, Mass., 25 April 1917. He was graduated at Yale University in 1852; practised medicine in his native city till 1875, in Cambridge and Boston till 1881, when he removed to New York and began practice there. He has invented a large number of surgical instruments; contributed over 400 articles to literature on scientific subjects, including microscopic medicine, laryngology, chronic diseases and general medicine; and became a member of the Massachusetts Medical Society in 1856, and of the American Medical Association in 1871. He was a pioneer of American laryngology; he studied the morphology of raw beef from 1854 and discovered the tuberculosis cattle test in 1894.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Czerski, Johannes

Edition of 1905. See also Johannes Czerski (priest) on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
CZERSKI, chĕr'skḗ, Johannes (1813-93). A German divine, one of the founders of German Catholicism. He was born at Warlubien, West Prussia, and was educated at the Priests' Seminary at Posen. Sentenced to penitential confinement for contracting a secret marriage in 1844, he resigned his vicariate in Silesia, and founded an independent community of Catholics, known as the ‘Christlich-Apostolisch-Katholische Gemeinde.’ Although he maintained his own views, he participated in the struggles of the German Catholics, and upon their downfall devoted himself to quiet religious activity. His most important work is the Nachlass des sterbenden Papsttums (12th ed., 1870). He defended his defection from the Orthodox Church of Rome in the work entitled Rechtfertigung meines Abfalles von der römischen Hofkirche (1845).
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Cædmon

Edition of 1920. See also Cædmon on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
CÆDMON, kăd'môn, the first Anglo-Saxon poet: d. 680. According to Bede's 'Ecclesiastical History' Cædmon was a swineherd to the monks of Whitby, and never gave evidence of any poetical talent until one night a vision appeared to him, and commanded him to sing. When he awoke, he found the words of a poem in praise of the Creator of the world impressed upon his memory. This manifestation of talent obtained for him admission into the monastery at Whitby, where he continued to compose devotional poems. An edition of his paraphrase of parts of the Scriptures was printed at Amsterdam in 1655, edited by Junius. Thorpe published an edition of it (London 1832) for the Society of Antiquaries. It has been assumed by some that Milton took some ideas of ‘Paradise Lost’ from the poems of Cædmon. It is certain, that they were very popular among the English and the Saxon part of the Scottish nation, and furnish plentiful materials to the makers of mysteries and miracle plays. In the Bodleian Library at Oxford is a manuscript the contents of which are ascribed to Cædmon, but the best authorities do not consider it to be his. Consult Ten Brink, ‘Early English Literature’; Morley, ‘English Writers,’ Vol. II (1888); and the bibliograph in the “Cambridge History of English Literature.”
# The Farmer's Bride

THE FARMER'S BRIDE (A NEW EDITION WITH ELEVEN NEW POEMS)
By CHARLOTTE MEW
THE FARMER'S BRIDE
THE FARMER'S BRIDE By CHARLOTTE MEW
[A new Edition with eleven new Poems]
LONDON THE POETRY BOOKSHOP 35 DEVONSHIRE STREET, THEOBALD'S ROAD, W.C. 1921
Printed in England at The Westminster Press, Harrow Road, London, W.
The Author begs to thank the Editors of The Nation, The Westminster Gazette, The New Weekly, The Englishwoman, The Egoist, The Graphic, The Athenæum, and The Monthly Chapbook for permission to reprint some of the poems in this book.
To ——
He asked life of thee, and thou gavest him a long life: even for ever and ever.
CONTENTS
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
The longest-living author of this work died in 1928, so this work is in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 95 years or less. This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The Farm and Fruit of Old/Book the First

THE FARM AND FRUIT OF OLD.
BOOK THE FIRST.
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# The Farm and Fruit of Old/Advert

A MEMORIAL OF THE PRINCE CONSORT.
In royal 16mo., beautifully printed on toned paper, cloth, gilt edges, price 2s. 6d.
PRINCE ALBERT'S GOLDEN PRECEPTS;
COMPRISING MAXIMS AND EXTRACTS FROM ADDRESSES OF HIS LATE ROYAL HIGHNESS THE PRINCE CONSORT.
Many now for the first time collected and carefully arranged. With an Index.
Comprising, amongst other subjects, the following:—
A GUIDE TO CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS.
Now ready, in One Volume, fcap. 8vo., cloth, price 4s. 6d.
THE PUBLIC CHARITIES IN THE YEAR EIGHTEEN HUNDRED AND SIXTY-ONE; an Account of the Operations, Resources, and General Condition of 640 Institutions and Funds, chiefly in London and its vicinity. By Sampson Low, Junior. With Analytical Summary and Copious Index.
LONDON: SAMPSON LOW, SON & CO., 47, LUDGATE HILL.
# The Farmer's Bride/A Quoi Bon Dire

À QUOI BON DIRE
SEVENTEEN years ago you said
Something that sounded like Good-bye;
And everybody thinks that you are dead,
But I.
So I, as I grow stiff and cold
To this and that say Good-bye too;
And everybody sees that I am old
But you.
And one fine morning in a sunny lane
Some boy and girl will meet and kiss and swear
That nobody can love their way again
While over there
You will have smiled, I shall have tossed your hair.
# The Farmer's Bride/Adverts

A SELECTION FROM THE LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE POETRY BOOKSHOP 35 Devonshire Street, Theobalds Road, London, W.C. 1.
Anthologies
The object of the volumes of "Georgian Poetry" is to provide a convenient survey of the work of some poets of the newer generation.
In each case the poems included are drawn from the years indicated in the title.
Miscellaneous Volumes of Poetry
OTHERWORLD: CADENCES. By F. S. Flint. 5/- net.
MAGPIES IN PICARDY. By T. P. Cameron Wilson. Paper Boards. 4/- net.
OVER THE BRAZIER. By Robert Graves. [A New Editon.] 3/- net.
POEMS. By John Alford. 2/- net.
THE OLD SHIPS. By James Elroy Flecker. Third Thousand. 1/- net.
CHILDREN OF LOVE. By Harold Monro. Third Thousand. 8d. net.
The Dramatic Works of Michael Field
BORGIA (1905). 3/6 net. (Postage 4d.).
QUEEN MARIAMNE (1908). 3/6 net. (Postage 4d.).
THE TRAGEDY OF PARDON and DIAN (1911). 3/6 net. (Postage 4d.).
THE ACCUSER, TRISTAN DE LEONOIS and A MESSIAH (1911). 3/6 net. (Postage 4d.).
DEIRDRE, A QUESTION OF MEMORY, and RAS BYZANCE. 5/- net. (Postage 3d.).
IN THE NAME OF TIME. 4/- net. (Postage 2d.).
Rhyme Sheets (Coloured Decorations) (Price 5d. net each.) Size 23 ins. by 8 ins.
1 OH, WHAT SHALL THE MAN?
2 CHILDREN'S. (Three Poems.)
3 POEMS BY WORDSWORTH.
4 OVERHEARD ON A SALTMARSH. (Harold Monro.) Two Poems.
5 ARABIA. (Walter De La Mare.)
6 BEAUTIFUL MEALS. (T. Sturge Moore.) Two Poems.
7 THE VULGAR LITTLE LADY. (Jane and Ann Taylor.)
8 THE CITY. (John Drinkwater.) Two Poems.
9 DRINKING. (Abraham Cowley.)
10 KEITH OF RAVELSTON. (Sydney Dobell.)
The Decorations of No's. 1, 2, 4 and 5 are by Charles Winzer; No. 3 by Albert Rutherston; 6 by T. Sturge Moore; No. 7 by Rachel Marshall; 8, 9 and 10 by C. Lovat Fraser.
(Postage up to 4 items, 11/2d.; the set of 10, 3d.).
Rhyme Sheets (Second Series) (Price 4d. net each.) Size 14 ins. by 7 ins.
1 VESPERS. (T. E. Brown.)
2 THE OLD. (Roden Noel.)
3 ON A CERTAIN LADY AT COURT. (Alexander Pope.)
4 THERE IS A LADY SWEET AND KIND. (Anonymous.)
5 A MEMORY. (William Allingham.)
6 SONG. (Thomas Campion.)
7 THE PARTING. (Michael Drayton.)
8 FOR THE BAPTIST. (William Drummond.)
9 MELANCHOLY. (John Fletcher.)
10 THE SAD DAY. (Thomas Flatman.)
11 BOG LOVE. (Shane Leslie.)
12 FOR A GUEST ROOM. (John Drinkwater.)
The Decorations of No's. 1, 4, 6, 7, 10, 11 and 12 are by C. Lovat Fraser; No. 2 is by Paul Nash; No's. 3 and 5 are by John Nash; No. 8 is by Charles Winzer; No. 9 by Rupert Lee.
(Postage up to 4 items, 1½d.; the set, 3d.).
THE POETRY BOOKSHOP was founded in 1912 with the object of establishing a practical relation between poetry and the public.
THE FOLLOWING LISTS will be sent on application:
A List of some of the Principal Volumes of Modern Poetry stocked by the Poetry Bookshop. (Revised half-yearly.)
A List of Books on Subjects connected with the Technique, History, and Criticism of Poetry.
A List of Poetry Bookshop Publications.
Address: 35 DEVONSHIRE STREET, THEOBALDS ROAD, LONDON, W.C. 1.
(Proprietor: Harold Monro.)
Layout 2
# The Farm and Fruit of Old/Book the Second

BOOK THE SECOND.
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THE END.
CHISWICK PRESS:—PRINTED BY WHITTINGHAM AND WILKINS, TOOKS COURT, CHANCERY LANE.
# The Farmer's Bride/Arracombe Wood

ARRACOMBE WOOD
SOME said, because he wud'n spaik
Any words to women but Yes and No,
Nor put out his hand for Parson to shake
He mun be bird-witted. But I do go
By the lie of the barley that he did sow,
And I wish no better thing than to hold a rake
Like Dave, in his time, or to see him mow.
Put up in churchyard a month ago,
"A bitter old soul," they said, but it wadn't so.
His heart were in Arracombe Wood where he'd used to go
To sit and talk wi' his shadder till sun went low,
Though what it was all about us'll never know.
And there baint no mem'ry in the place
Of th' old man's footmark, nor his face;
Arracombe Wood do think more of a crow—
'Will be violets there in the Spring: in Summer time the spider's lace;
And come the Fall, the whizzle and race
Of the dry, dead leaves when the wind gies chase;
And on the Eve of Christmas, fallin' snow.
# The Farmer's Bride/Beside the Bed

BESIDE THE BED
SOMEONE has shut the shining eyes, straightened and folded
The wandering hands quietly covering the unquiet breast:
So, smoothed and silenced you lie, like a child, not again to be questioned or scolded;
But, for you, not one of us believes that this is rest.
Not so to close the windows down can cloud and deaden
The blue beyond: or to screen the wavering flame subdue its breath:
Why, if I lay my cheek to your cheek, your grey lips, like dawn, would quiver and redden,
Breaking into the old, odd smile at this fraud of death.
Because all night you have not turned to us or spoken
It is time for you to wake; your dreams were never very deep:
I, for one, have seen the thin, bright, twisted threads of them dimmed suddenly and broken,
This is only a most piteous pretence of sleep!
# The Farm and Fruit of Old/Preface

PREFACE.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Wildbad-Gastein

Edition of 1920. See also Bad Gastein on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
WILDBAD-GASTEIN, vĭlt'bäd gäs'tīn, Austria, a watering-place in Gastein valley, 3,000 feet above the sea, 48 miles south of Salzburg, with thermal springs varying from 64° to 100°, and containing some salt and carbonates of magnesia and lime. The place gives the name to a treaty signed here in 1865 by the emperor of Austria and the king of Prussia, the non-observance of the terms of which led to the German War of 1866.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Winchester, Caleb Thomas

Edition of 1920. See also Caleb Thomas Winchester on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
WINCHESTER, Caleb Thomas, American scholar and educator: b. Montville, Conn., 18 Jan. 1847. He graduated from Wesleyan University 1869, and studied at the University of Leipzig 1880-81. He served his Alma Mater as librarian 1869-73; was professor of rhetoric and English literature 1873-1890 and since then professor of English literature. He is a lecturer of great charm and wide reputation. He is the author of ‘Five Short Courses of Reading English Literature’ (1892; 3d ed., 1911); ‘Some Principles of Literary Criticism’ (1899); ‘The Life of John Welsey’ (1906), considered by many critics the best published; ‘A Group of English Essayists’ (1910); ‘Representative English Essays, with introduction and notes’ (1914); ‘Wordsworth — How to Know Him’ (1916).
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Winsor, Justin

Edition of 1920. See also Justin Winsor on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
WINSOR, wĭn'zȯr, Justin, American historian and librarian: b. Boston, Mass., 2 Jan. 1831; d. Cambridge, 22 Oct. 1897. He was educated at Harvard, and subsequently studied at Paris and Heidelberg. He was superintendent of the Boston Public Library 1868-77, and librarian of Harvard 1877-97. He published ‘History of the Town of Duxbury’ (1849); ‘Bibliography of Original Quartos and Folios of Shakespeare’ (1876); ‘Reader's Handbook of the American Revolution’ (1880); ‘Memorial History of Boston’ (edited 1880-82); ‘Narrative and Critical History of America’ (edited 8 vols., 1884-89), his most scholarly achievement; ‘Christopher Columbus’ (1891); ‘From Cartier to Frontenac’ (1894); ‘The Mississippi Basin: The Struggle in America between England and France’ (1895). He ranked as the highest authority on the early history of North America.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Williams College

Edition of 1920. See also Williams College on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
WILLIAMS COLLEGE, located at Williamstown, Mass. It owes its origin to the bequest of Col. Ephraim Williams, for establishing a “Free School” in Williamstown. The bequest was made in 1755; the property was sold, and the funds were allowed to accumulate until 1785, when a free school was incorporated by the legislature, and a lottery granted for raising funds to erect a building; in 1790 the building (now West College) was completed, and the school was opened 20 Oct. 1791. In 1793 the institution was incorporated as a college under its present name, the property vested in the free school was transferred to the college, and a grant of $4,000 was made by the State to purchase a library and apparatus. The college subsequently received other appropriations from the State; in 1796 the legislature granted two townships of land; in 1809 an additional township; and in 1814 appropriated the taxes from the Massachusetts bank for 10 years to Harvard, Williams and Bowdoin, Williams' share in which amounted to $30,000; in 1859 the legislature appropriated $25,000, and in 1868, $75,000. In 1806 the first foreign missionary society in the United States was formed at Williams. In 1836-72 Mark Hopkins (q.v.) was president of the college, and during his administration it attained a high degree of prosperity.
The curriculum prescribes the work of the freshman year, and organizes the courses of the last three years in 11 major groups arranged in three divisions. The aim is to secure the concentration of part of the student's work in one well-defined field and the distribution of another part among different subjects. The degree of A.B. is conferred, and A.M. for graduate work and thesis. There are 76 general scholarships and one special prize scholarship. The principal college buildings are West College, the oldest, erected 1790; East College, erected in 1798, burned in 1841, and rebuilt; South College; Griffin Hall; Hopkins Observatory, built in 1837, under the direction of Prof. Albert Hopkins, the first college observatory in the United
States; Lawrence Hall Library; Jackson Hall; Alumni Hall Chapel; College Hall; Clark Hall; Field Memorial Observatory, erected 1882, containing a fine meridian circle by A. Repsold and Sons, Hamburg; Morgan Hall; Lasell Gymnasium; Hopkins Memorial Hall; Thompson Chemical Laboratory; Thompson Biological Laboratory; Thompson Physical Laboratory; College Infirmary; Jesup Hall; Williams Hall; Grace Hall. The library contains about 89,000 volumes. The productive fund amounts to $2,900,883.58; the student attendance is 552 and the faculty 61; the total number of graduates nearly 6,000.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Wilson, William

Edition of 1920. See also William Wilson (poet) on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
WILSON, William, American poet: b. Perthshire, Scotland, 25 Dec. 1801; d. Poughkeepsie, N. Y., 25 Aug. 1860. He edited the Dundee Review, 1821-23, did newspaper work in Edinburgh, where he was a friend of the brothers Chambers, and coming to this country in 1833 established himself at Poughkeepsie as bookseller and publisher. His ‘Poems,’ edited by Lossing, appeared in 1870, and revised and enlarged editions in 1875 and 1884.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Wilson, James Grant

Edition of 1920. See also James Grant Wilson on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
WILSON, James Grant, American author: b. Edinburgh, Scotland, 28 April 1832; d. 1914. He was brought to America in infancy by his father, William Wilson (q.v.), served in the Union army during the Civil War and reached the rank of brigadier general. After the war he settled in New York and in 1885 became president of the New York Genealogical and Biographical
Society. Among his numerous publications are ‘Biographical Sketches of Illinois Officers’ (1862-63); ‘Love in Letters, Illustrated in the Correspondence of Eminent Persons’ (1867); ‘Life of Fitz-Greene Halleck’ (1869); ‘Sketches of Illustrious Soldiers’ (1874); ‘Poets and Poetry of Scotland’ (1876); ‘Centennial History of the Diocese of New York, 1775-1885’ (1886); ‘Bryant and His Friends’ (1886); ‘Commodore Isaac Hull and the Frigate Constitution’ (1889); ‘Life of General Grant’ (1897); ‘The Presidents of the United States’ (1901); ‘Thackeray in the United States’ (2 vols., 1904. He was the editor (with John Fiske) of ‘Appleton's Cyclopædia of American Biography’ (6 vols., 1887-89; Vol. VII, 1900), and alone, of ‘Memorial History of the City of New York’ (1892-93).