OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Blomberg, William Nicholas

​BLOMBERG, WILLIAM NICHOLAS (1702?–1750), biographer, the son of Baron Blomberg, a nobleman of Courland, was ​educated at Merton College, Oxford, was elected fellow of his college, and proceeded B.A. 1723, M.A. 1726. He became vicar of Fulham, Middlesex, in 1733, rector of that parish in 1734, rector of Cliffe, Kent, in 1739, and died on 6 Oct. 1760. He published 'An Account of the Life and Writings of Edmund Dickinson, M.D., physician-in-ordinary to King Charles and King James II. To which is added a treatise on the Grecian Games, printed from the Doctor's own manuscript,' London, 1739, 8vo. Dr. Dickinson was Blomberg's maternal grandfather.
[Faulkner's Fulham, 42, 47; Lysons's Environs of London, ii. 379; Cat. of Oxford Graduates (1851), 67; Gent. Mag. xx. 477; Hasted's Kent, i. 538.]
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Blomefield, Miles

Myles Blomefylde in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
​BLOMEFIELD, MILES (1525–1574?), alchemist, has recorded some particulars of his birth and parentage in a quaint note written by himself in a volume which is preserved in the library of St. John’s College, Cambridge, and which contains a unique copy of ‘the boke called the Informacyon for pylgrymes vnto the holy lande,’ printed by Wynkyn de Worde in 1524: ‘I, Myles Blomefylde, of Burye Saynct Edmunde in Sulfolke, was borne ye yeare following after y$^e$ pryntyng of this boke, (that is to saye) in the yeare of our Lorde 1525, the 5 day of Apryll, betwene 10 & 11, in y$^e$ nyght, nyghest xi. my fathers name John, and my mothers name Anne.' He had a license from the university of Cambridge to practise physic in 1552, and he followed his profession in his native town, though he appears to have been at Venice in 1568. It is supposed that he was living in 1574. Blomefield was an adept in alchemy, a collector of old and curious books, and the author of: 1. ‘Blomfylds Quintaessens, or the Regiment of Life,’ manuscript in the Cambridge University Library, Dd. 3, 83, art. 6. Dedicated to Queen Elizabeth, and said to be hardly the production of a sane mind. 2. ‘Blomefield’s Blossoms, or the Campe of Philosophy.' Printed in Elias Ashmole's ‘Theatrum Chemicum Britannicum,’ 305-93. Tanner and Warton confound him with Wi11iam Blomefield, alias Rattlesden, sometime monk of Bury, and afterwards vicar of St. Simon and St. Jude at Norwich.
[Ashmole’s Theatrum Chemicum. 475; Baker MS. xxiv. 117; Cat. of Camb. Univ. MSS. i. 183; Cooper's Athenæ: Cantab. i. 327; Notes and Queries, lst ser. i. 60, 90; Tanner's Bibl. Brit.; Warton's Hist. of English Poetry (1840), iii. 83.]
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Blizard, William

​BLIZARD, Sir WILLIAM (1743–1835), surgeon, was born at Barn Elms in Surrey in 1743, and was the fourth child of William Blizard, an auctioneer. He received little school education, and after apprenticeship to a surgeon at Mortlake came to study at the London Hospital, also attending the lectures of Pott at St. Bartholomew's Hospital (Hunterian Oration, 1816). In 1780 he was appointed surgeon to the London Hospital, and in 1785, in conjunction with Dr. Maclaurin, founded the medical school there. The opening was celebrated by him in an ode, and on most of the important occasions of his life Blizard expressed himself in verse, which, had he been longer contemporary with Pope, would have certainly secured him a place in the 'Dunciad.' He lectured in the medical school on anatomy, physiology, and surgery. Abernethy attended his earlier lectures, and speaks of them with respect. As a hospital surgeon Blizard was famous for scrupulous attention to his duties in the wards, and he gave much time to the improvement of the London Hospital. He was often laughed at for the importance which he attached to learned diction and ceremonial observance (Lancet, 1824, iii. 19). The College of Surgeons had a house in Cock Lane, where the bodies of criminals just executed at Newgate were delivered to be anatomised. Sir William Blizard, when president of the College of Surgeons, attended at this house in full court dress to receive the bodies from the hangman; and the contrast between the president's elaborate costume and formal manner and the surly shabbiness of the executioner is described by an eyewitness (Sir R. Owen) as having made the ghastly scene almost ludicrous. Blizard was elected F.R.S. in 1787, and was twice president of the College of Surgeons. He published a paper on lachrymal fistula in the 'Philosophical Transactions' 1780, and several other medical papers (London Medical Journal, 1789-90); 'Experiments on the Danger of Copper and Bell Metal in Pharmaceutical Preparations,' 1780; 'Suggestions for the Improvement of Hospitals,' 1790. 'A Popular Lecture on the Situation of the large Blood-vessels and the Methods of making effectual Pressure on them,' 1780, is the most lucid of his works, and went through several editions. None of his writings are of permanent value. BLis practice was considerable, and he used for many years to attend regularly at Batson's Coffee House in Cornhill at a certain hour to await consultations, being probably the last survivor of this method of practice. In his youth he wrote on politics in a revolutionary spirit, under the nom de plume of Curtius, but he afterwards became an admirer of Mr. Pitt and adopted conservative opinions. Blizard was an example of hereditary longevity. His father and mother had both lived to eighty-six, and one of his grandmothers to ninety, while he himself died at the age of ninety-two on 27 Aug. 1836. He was buried in Brixton Church. There is a portrait of him by Opie at the Royal College of Surgeons.
[Blizard's Works; Cooke's Memoir, London, 1836.]
N. M.
# Criminal Law Act 1977/Schedule 14

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SCHEDULE 14 Transitional Provisions
1. A provision contained in any of sections 14 to 26, 34 and 35 above or in Schedule 11 to this Act, and any related amendment or repeal provided for in Schedule 12 or 13 to this Act, shall not apply in relation to proceedings commenced before the coming into force of that provision.
2. In its application to an offence committed before the coming into force of section 23 above, section 29 above shall have effect as if, in paragraph (a), for “£500” there were substituted “£400”.
3.—(1)This paragraph applies to any provision of this Act which relates to the punishment by way of fine or imprisonment which may be imposed on summary conviction of offences mentioned in section 30(3) above, in Schedule 1 or 2 to this Act or in Schedule 7A to the 1975 c. 21.Criminal Procedure (Scotland) Act 1975.
(2) A provision to which this paragraph applies shall have effect in relation to an offence for which proceedings are commenced after the material time even if that offence was committed before that time; but in the case of an offence committed before the material time, such a provision shall not render a person liable on summary conviction to any punishment greater than that to which he would have been liable on conviction on indictment if at the time of his conviction that provision had not yet come into force.
(3) In relation to a provision to which this paragraph applies “the material time” means the time when that provision comes into force.
4. Section 59 above and any related repeal provided for in Schedule 13 to this Act, shall not apply to a term of imprisonment to be served by a defaulter which has been fixed or imposed before the commencement of that section.
5. Except as provided in paragraph 3 above a provision of this Act (other than section 29 or any provision mentioned in paragraph 4 above) which relates to the punishment by way of fine or imprisonment for any offence shall not affect the punishment for an offence committed before that provision comes into force.
# Criminal Law Act 1977/Schedule 4

Repealed by Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980 (c. 43) with effect from 6th July 1981.
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SCHEDULE 4 Offences for which the value involved is relevant to the mode of trial
*1971 c. 48.
# Criminal Law Act 1977/Schedule 13

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SCHEDULE 13 Repeals
# Criminal Law Act 1977/Schedule 6

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SCHEDULES
SCHEDULE 6 Increase of fines for certain summary offences
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Burgis, Edward

​BURGIS, EDWARD (1673?–1747), catholic divine, was the son of a clergyman of the church of England. On becoming a Dominican friar he assumed the christian name of Ambrose. He passed through the highest offices of his order with distinguished credit, and died at Brussels on 27 April 1747. He wrote: 1. 'The Annals of the Church' (down to A.D. 300), 1712. 2. 'The Annals of the Church' (for five centuries), 5 vols., London, 1738.
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Burghers, Michael

1904 Errata appended.
​BURGHERS, MICHAEL (d. 1727), a Dutch engraver and draughtman, came to England when young, and settled at Oxford. He engraved the print in the ‘University Almanac’ for 1676, and most of those which followed it up to 1720. He made many small views of buildings at Queen's College and Christ Church. He also engraved the following portraits: William Sommer, the antiquary; Francis Junius, after A. van Dyck; John Barefoot, letter-doctor to the university, 1681; head of James II in an almanac, 1686; William Penderill of Boscobel in Salop; Robert Eglesfield, founder of Queen's College; Sir W. Read, chemical physician; and the Visage of Christ, engraved in the manner of Claude Mellan. In mezzotinto Burghers executed a portrait of Anthony à Wood, the antiquary. On several of his plates he added to his name ‘Academiæ Oxon. chalcographis,’ but sometimes marked them with the initials M.B. only. He died, according to Hearne’s ‘Reliquiæ,’ on 10 Jan. 1726-7.
[Redgraves Dictionary of Artists (1878); MS. notes in British Museum]
L. F.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.43 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 333 | ii | 4 | Burghers, Michael: for (d. 1727) read (1653?-1727) |
| | | 5-6 | for came to England . . . Oxford read born at Amsterdam about 1653, and settled at Oxford in 1673 |
| | | 9 | after 1720 insert He succeeded David Loggan [q. v.] as 'sculptor' to the university in 1692 |
| | | 14 | for John Barefoot, letter-doctor read Richard Barefoot, letter-carrier |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Burke, Thomas Henry

​BURKE, THOMAS HENRY (1829–1882), Under-Secretary of Ireland, born 29 May 1829, was second son of William Burke of Knocknagur, co. Galway, and Fanny Xaveria, only daughter of Thomas Tucker of Brook Lodge, Sussex, by his wife, Mary-anne, sister of Nicholas, cardinal Wiseman. Burke's family was connected with that of Sir Ulick Burke of Glinsk, in the county of Galway, on whom a baronetcy was conferred by Charles I in 1628. Burke was appointed a supernumerary clerk in the offices of the chief secretary to the lord-lieutenant of Ireland, Dublin Castle, in May 1847, and was placed on the permanent staff there in July 1849. In April 1851 he was appointed private secretary to Sir Thomas Kedington, then under-secretary for Ireland. Burke subsequently served in the various departments of the chief secretary's office, including the Irish office, London. He acted as private secretary to the chief secretaries Edward Cardwell, Sir Robert Peel, and Chichester P. Fortescue, now (1886) Lord Carlingford. In May 1869 Burke was appointed under-secretary for Ireland, and filled that post till his death. On 6 May 1882 Lord Frederick Cavendish [q. v.] arrived in Dublin, and was formally installed as the chief secretary, in succession to Mr. W. E. Forster [q. v.], who had held the office since 1880. Early in the same evening Lord Cavendish and Burke, walking in Phœnix Park, near Dublin, were assassinated by the members of a secret society calling themselves the 'Invincibles.' Burke was interred in Glasnevin cemetery, and the viceroy, Earl Spencer, erected a memorial window to him in the Dominican Church, Dublin. Burke's services as an official were, on his death, publicly commended by members of the houses of Lords and Commons, and a pension was conferred by the government on his sister. [For an account of the subsequent detection of the murderers see Carey, James.]
[Burke's Peerage and Baronetage, 1883; Annual Register, 1883; Dublin journals, 1882-3; Hansard's Parliamentary Debates.]
J. T. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Burke, Peter

​BURKE, PETER (1811–1881), serjeant-at-law, was the eldest son of John Burke [q. v.] of Elm Hall, co. Tipperary, and brother of Sir John Bernard Burke, Ulster king of arms. He was born in London on 7 May 1811, and educated at the college of Caen in Normandy. Having been called to the bar at the Inner Temple in 1839, he joined the northern circuit and the Manchester and Lancashire sessions. He afterwards practised at the parliamentary bar, and appeared before the House of Lords in several important peerage cases. He was made a queen's counsel of the county palatine of Lancaster in 1858 and a serjeant-at-law in 1859. He was elected director or chief honorary officer of the Society of Antiquaries of Normandy for 1866-7. His death occurred at his residence in South Kensington on 26 March 1881. In addition to several legal works he published:-
* ‘The Wisdom and Genius of Edmund Burke illustrated in a series of extracts from his writing, with a summary of his life,’ 1845.
* ‘ Celebrated Trials connected with the Aristocracy, in the relations of private life,’ Lond. 1849, 1851, 8vo.
* ‘The Romance of the Forum, or Narratives, Scenes, and Anecdotes from Courts of Justice,’ 4 vols. Lond. 1852, 1861, 12mo.
* ‘The Public and Domestic Life of the Right Hon. Edmund Burke,’ Lond. 1853, 8vo.
* ‘Celebrated Naval and Military Trials,’ Lond. 1866, 8vo.
[Men of the Time (1879), 169; Illustrated London News, 2 April 1881, p. 334; Cat. of Printed Books in Brit. Mus]
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Burke, Thomas (1749-1815)

​BURKE, THOMAS (1749–1815), engraver, born in Dublin in 1749, was the pupil of John Dixon, the mezzotint engraver, but, like some other engravers of that period, abandoned mezzotinto for the chalk method, which Francesco Bartolozzi had made so popular. He produced many excellent plates in both styles, chiefly from the works of Angelica Kauffmann. He died in London on 31 Dec. 1815. Among Burke's best scraped works may be mentioned the following portraits: Queen Charlotte, after Kauffmann; the Chevalier d'Eon, after Huquier; Thomas Dimsdale; John Henry Hampe, after Kauffmann; Richard, earl Howe, after Koster; and Frederick, lord North, after Dance; besides others in stipple, generally printed in brown or red colours, such as 'Telemachus at the Spartan Court,' after Kauffmann; 'The Battle of Agincourt,' after Mortimer; and the 'Nightmare,' after Fuseli.
[Redgrave's Dictionary of Artists (1878).]
L. F.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Burke, Thomas Nicholas

​BURKE, THOMAS NICHOLAS (1830–1883), Dominican friar, was born in the town of Galway in Ireland on 8 Sept. 1830. His father was a poor baker. At the age of seventeen he went to Rome and thence to Perugia, where he entered the order of St. Dommic, commencing his novitiate and the study of philosophy. From Perugia he was again sent to Rome, where he studied theology at the college of the Minerva and Santa Sabina. After having thus spent five years in Italy, he was sent by the superior of his order to England, where he was ordained priest in 1853. He spent four years on the English mission in Gloucestershire, and was then sent to Ireland to found a novitiate and house of studies for his order at Tallaght near Dublin. This he successfully ​lished, and for the next seven years he was busily employed in the care of the new establishment, and in preaching missions in different parts of Ireland. He was next sent to Rome as prior of the monastery of Irish Dominicans at San Clemente. After the death of Cardinal Wiseman, Burke succeeded Dr. Manning as preacher of the Lenten sermons in English in the church of Santa Maria del Popolo. He continued to preach these sermons for five years. After his return to Ireland he was attached to St. Saviour's Dominican church in Dublin. In 1872 he visited the United States, having been appointed visitor to the houses of the Dominican community on the American continent. He delivered sermons and lectures in all parts of the Union, and acquired extraordinary popularity as an orator. The sum collected or American charities by his sermons reached 100,000l. His lectures in answer to Mr. J. A. Froude, the historian, on the relations between England and Ireland, caused much excitement and produced an animated controversy. The first of these lectures was delivered on 12 Nov. 1872, in the Academy of Music, New York. On leaving the United States he returned to the convent at Tallaght, where he died on 2 July 1883.
His works are: 1. ‘English Misrule in Ireland,’ a course of lectures in reply to Mr. Froude, New York, 1873, 12mo. 2. ‘Ireland's Case stated, in reply to Mr. Froude,’ New York, 1873. 3. ‘Lectures and Sermons,' New York, 1873. 4. ‘Lectures on Faith and Fatherland,' 1874. 5. ‘St. Ignatius and the Jesuits,' a sermon, London, 1880, 8vo.
[Life by W. J. Fitzpatrick, F.S.A., 2 vols. London, 1885 ; Tablet, 7 July 1883 ; Men of the Time (1884), 191 ; Cat. of Printed Books an Brit. Mus.]
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Burke, William (1792-1829)

​BURKE, WILLIAM (1792–1829), criminal, was born in the parish of Orrery, in the county of Cork, in 1792, and seems to have been a vagabond from his birth. He went to Scotland in 1818 as a labourer, and worked on the Union canal at Mediston. Little more is known of him until 1827, when he appears in Log's lodging-house, Tanner's Close, Edinburgh, an establishment kept by William Hare. An old pensioner, named Donald, dying in this house on 29 Nov. in that year, Burke and Hare, instead of having the body buried, sold it for 7l 10s. to Dr. Robert Knox [q. v.], surgeon, for purposes of dissection. So large a sum so easily procured procured proved sadly ominous. Hare, the more ​evil of the two men, suggested a further stroke of business, namely, to inveigle unknown and obscure wayfarers into the lodging-house and then kill them. During the following months they, assisted by their wives, murdered at least fifteen persons, their method of proceeding being to invite the victims into various homes, make them drunk, and then suffocate them in such a manner that no signs of violence appeared on the bodies. The corpses of all these were sold to Dr. Knox’s school of anatomy for prices averaging from 8l. to 14l. At last, on 31 Oct. 18, they suffocated, in Burke’s house, a poor old woman, called Margery Campbell or Docherty, and disposed of the body in the usual manner; but the suspicions of the neighbours having been aroused, the police were communicated with, and the corpse was found in a box in a cellar in Dr. Knox’s house. Burke was tried for the murder in the High Court of Justiciary at Edinburgh on 24 Dec. 1828, when William Hare, the partner in his crimes, being admitted king's evidence, his guilt was clearly proved, and he was hanged on 28 Jan. 1829 amid the execrations of a vast assemblage, who cried out ‘Burke him!’ ‘Burke him!'
William Hare was a native of Londonderry, and, going to Scotland, also worked on the Union canal; he afterwards became a travelling huckster, and then, as before mentioned, a keeper of a lodging-house. Immediately after. the trial of Burke an attempt was made to indict Hare for the murder of one of his victims, James Wilson, known as Daft Jamie, who had been put out of the way in the previous October. The law officers, however, decided that he could not legally be put on his trial, and on 5 Feb. 1829 he was set at liberty from the Tolbooth, Edinburgh. It is believed that he then sought refuge in England, and as it is more than probable that he changed his name, it is not surprising that no record has been found of his decease.
[The Trial of William Burke (1829), portrait; supplement to the Trial of W. Burke (1829); MacGregor's Hist. of Burke and Hare, with portraits (1884); Lonsdale's Life and Writings of Robert Knox (1370), pp. 73–115; Cassell's O1d and New Edinburgh, by James Grant (1882), ii. 226-30.]
G. C. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Burkhead, Henry

​BURKHEAD, HENRY (fl. 1645), dramatist, a merchant of Bristol, was author of a tragedy, ‘Cola’s Fury, or Lirenda’s Misery,’ which was never acted, and probably was not written for the stage (Baker). It was published at Kilkenny in 1646, on the cessation of arms granted by Lord Herbert, earl of Glamorgan, to whom it is effusively dedicated. It is an attempt to dramatise the Irish troubles. Lirenda is an obvious anagram for Ireland. The plot is confused and the language bombastic. Yet the author was assured by one friend that if his play were published the ‘fame of ne'er-enough-praised Shakespeare would decline,’ and others praised his work in similar terms.
[Burkhead's Works; Baker's Biog. Dram.]
R. C. B.
# Day v. Chism

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
23 U.S. 449
Day v. Chism
ERROR to the Circuit Court of Tennessee. Feb. 11th.
This cause was argued by Mr. Bibb, for the plaintiff in error, and by Mr. Eaton, for the defendant in error. Feb. 23d.
Mr. Chief Justice MARSHALL delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
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