OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Jacob Siegel Company v. Federal Trade Commission

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
327 U.S. 608
Jacob Siegel Company v. Federal Trade Commission
Argued: March 4, 1946. --- Decided: March 25, 1946
Mr.Robert T. McCracken, of Philadelphia, Pa., for petitioner.
Mr. Ralph F. Fuchs, of Washington, D.C., for respondent.
Mr. Justice DOUGLAS delivered the opinion of the Court

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Jacobellis v. Ohio/Concurrence Black

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
* Concurring Opinions Black Stewart Goldberg
* Dissenting Opinions Warren Harlan
Opinion of MR. JUSTICE BLACK, with whom MR. JUSTICE DOUGLAS joins.
I concur in the reversal of this judgment. My belief, as stated in Kingsley International Pictures Corp. v. Regents, 360 U.S. 684, 690, is that,
    If despite the Constitution . . . , this Nation is to embark on the dangerous road of censorship, . . . this Court is about the most inappropriate Supreme Board of Censors that could be found.
My reason for reversing is that I think the conviction of appellant or anyone else for exhibiting a motion picture abridges freedom of the press as safeguarded by the First Amendment, which is made obligatory on the States by the Fourteenth. See my concurring opinions in Quantity of Copies of Books v. Kansas, post, p. 213; Smith v. California, 361 U.S. 147, 155; Kingsley International Pictures Corp. v. Regents, supra. See also the dissenting opinion of MR. JUSTICE DOUGLAS [p197] in Roth v. United States, 354 U.S. 476, 508, and his concurring opinion in Superior Films, Inc., v. Department of Education, 346 U.S. 587, 588, in both of which I joined.
# Jacobellis v. Ohio/Concurrence Goldberg

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
* Concurring Opinions Black Stewart Goldberg
* Dissenting Opinions Warren Harlan
MR. JUSTICE GOLDBERG, concurring.
The question presented is whether the First and Fourteenth Amendments permit the imposition of criminal punishment for exhibiting the motion picture entitled "The Lovers." I have viewed the film, and I wish merely to add to my Brother BRENNAN's description that the love scene deemed objectionable is so fragmentary and fleeting that only a censor's alert would make an audience [p198] conscious that something "questionable" is being portrayed. Except for this rapid sequence, the film concerns itself with the history of an ill-matched and unhappy marriage -- a familiar subject in old and new novels and in current television soap operas.
Although I fully agree with what my Brother BRENNAN has written, I am also of the view that adherence to the principles stated in Joseph Burstyn, Inc., v. Wilson, 343 U.S. 495, requires reversal. In Burstyn, MR. JUSTICE CLARK, delivering the unanimous judgment of the Court, said:
    [E]xpression by means of motion pictures is included within the free speech and free press guaranty of the First and Fourteenth Amendments. . . .
    To hold that liberty of expression by means of motion pictures is guaranteed by the First and Fourteenth Amendments, however, is not the end of our problem. It does not follow that the Constitution requires absolute freedom to exhibit every motion picture of every kind at all times and all places. . . . Nor does it follow that motion pictures are necessarily subject to the precise rules governing any other particular method of expression. Each method tends to present its own peculiar problems. But the basic principles of freedom of speech and the press, like the First Amendment's command, do not vary. Those principles, as they have frequently been enunciated by this Court, make freedom of expression the rule.
Id. at 502-503. As in Burstyn, "[t]here is no justification in this case for making an exception to that rule," id. at 503, for, by any arguable standard, the exhibitors of this motion picture may not be criminally prosecuted unless the exaggerated character of the advertising, rather than the obscenity of the film, is to be the constitutional criterion. [p199]
# Jacobellis v. Ohio/Concurrence White

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
* Concurring Opinions White Stewart Goldberg
* Dissenting Opinions Warren Harlan
Mr. Justice WHITE concurs in the judgment.
# Jacobellis v. Ohio/Concurrence Stewart

Justice Stewart's concurrence is perhaps the most famous judicial opinion dealing with obscenity, best known for the quotation, "I know it when I see it."
* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
* Concurring Opinions Black Stewart Goldberg
* Dissenting Opinions Warren Harlan
MR. JUSTICE STEWART, concurring.
It is possible to read the Court's opinion in Roth v. United States and Alberts v. California, 354 U.S. 476, in a variety of ways. In saying this, I imply no criticism of the Court, which, in those cases, was faced with the task of trying to define what may be indefinable. I have reached the conclusion, which I think is confirmed at least by negative implication in the Court's decisions since Roth and Alberts, that, under the First and Fourteenth Amendments, criminal laws in this area are constitutionally limited to hard-core pornography. I shall not today attempt further to define the kinds of material I understand to be embraced within that shorthand description, and perhaps I could never succeed in intelligibly doing so. But I know it when I see it, and the motion picture involved in this case is not that.

## Notes

↑ . Times Film Corp. v. City of Chicago, 355 U.S. 35, reversing 244 F.2d 432; One, Incorporated, v. Olesen, 355 U.S. 371, reversing 241 F.2d 772; Sunshine Book Co. v. Summerfield, 355 U.S. 372, reversing 101 U.S.App.D.C. 358, 249 F.2d 114; Manual Enterprises v. Day, 370 U.S. 478 (opinion of HARLAN, J).
↑ . Cf. People v. Richmond County News, 9 N.Y.2d 578, 175 N.E.2d 681, 216 N.Y.S.2d 369.
# Jacob v. City of New York

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
315 U.S. 752
Jacob v. City of New York
Argued: March 6, 1942. --- Decided: March 30, 1942
Messrs. Dominick Blasi, of Brooklyn, N.Y., and Silas B. Axtell, of New York City, for petitioner.
Mr. Alfred T. White, of New York City, (Messrs. William C. Chanler, Corp. Counsel, Paxton Blair, and Leon Shaw, all of New York City, on the brief), for respondent.
Mr. Justice MURPHY delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Jewish Encyclopedia/Baer, Issachar ben Solomon

BAER, ISSACHAR BEN SOLOMON: Biblical and rabbinical commentator; died at Wilna in 1807. He was the brother of Elijah b. Solomon, the Wilna gaon, and like him was distinguished for simplicity and lucidity in commenting on Biblical and rabbinical topics. Besides Bible and Talmud, Baer studied mathematics and geography. His commentary on the Pentateuch, the manuscript of which was burned a few years ago, followed a double method: explaining first the simple, literal meaning of the text, like Rashi, Ibn Ezra, and Nahmanides; secondly, giving to it a philosophical and sometimes a mystical interpretation. He left also a commentary on the Talmud and Shulhan 'Aruk.

#### Bibliography

* Fuenn, Kiryah Neëmanah, p. 201.
* I. H. Lewin, 'Aliyot Eliyahu, ed. 1889. p. 40.
* compare also Keneset Yisrael, i. 46, part Orot Me-Ofel, where a work, Mine Targima (on foreign terms in Talmud), is ascribed to him, the manuscript of which is in possession of Dr. Berliner.
# Jewish Encyclopedia/Geldern, Simon von

GELDERN, SIMON VON: Traveler and author; born 1720; died 1774. He was the great-uncle of Heine, who describes him in his "Memoirs" as an adventurer and Utopian dreamer. The appellation "Oriental" was given him because of his long journeys in Oriental countries. He spent many years in the maritime cities in the north of Africa and in the Moroccan states, there learning the trade of armorer, which he carried on with success. Von Geldern made a pilgrimage to Jerusalem, and during an ecstasy of prayer, while upon Mount Moriah, he had a vision. Subsequently he was chosen by an independent tribe of Bedouins on one of the oases of the North-African desert as their leader or sheik, and thus became the captain of a band of marauders. He next visited the European courts, and subsequently took refuge in England to escape the consequences of the discovery of his too gallant relations with a lady of high birth. He pretended to have a secret knowledge of the Cabala, and issued a pamphlet in French verse entitled "Moïse sur Mont Horeb," probably having reference to the above-mentioned vision.
Bibliography:

#### Bibliography

* Memoirs of Heinrich Heine, ed. Evans, pp. 167-172.
* Kaufmann, Aus Heinrich Heine's Ahnensaal, 1896.
# Jewish Encyclopedia/Gottlober, Abraham Baer

Abraham Baer Gottlober.
Jan. 14, 1811; died at Byelostok April 13, 1899. His father was a cantor who sympathized with the progressive movement, and young Gottlober was educated in that spirit to the extent of receiving instruction in Biblical and modern Hebrew as an addition to the usual Talmudical studies. At the age of fourteen he married the daughter of a wealthy "Hasid " in Chernigov, and settled there. When his inclination for secular knowledge became known, his father-in-law, on the advice of a Hasidic rabbi, caused the young couple to be divorced, and Gottlober, who had joined the Hasidim after his marriage, now became their bitter enemy. He married again, but found his second wife unbearable and soon divorced her. In 1830 he married for the third time and settled in Kremenetz, where he formed a lasting acquaintance with Isaac Bar Lewinsohn.
Travelinɡ and Teaching.
Gottlober was a prolific writer and one of the foremost of Neo-Hebrew poets. The first collection of his poems, which was entitled "Pirhe ha-Abib," appeared in Yozefov in 1836. A second collection, entitled "Ha-Nizanim" (Wilna, 1850), was followed by "'Anaf 'Ez Abot," three poems, on the death of Emperor Nicholas I., on the peace of 1856, and on the coronation of Alexander II., respectively (ib. 1858). Soon afterward he visited Austria, where he published "Shir ha-Shirim," a translation of a Passover sermon delivered by Adolph Jellinek (Lemberg, 1861), and "Mi-Mizrayim," a translation of Ludwig August Frankl's account of his travels in the Orient, with an appendix by Max Letteris (Vienna,
His Works.
Gottlober was the founder and editor of the Hebrew monthly "Ha-Boker Or," to which some of the best contemporary writers contributed poems, articles, and stories. It had an interrupted exisience of about seven years, first appearing in Lemberg (1876-1879) and then in Warsaw (1880-81), in which place also the last five numbers were issued in 1885-86. His most important contribution to tins magazine was undoubtedly his autobiography "Zikronot mi-Yeme Ne'urai," containing much material for the culture-history of the Jews of Russia, which was reprinted in book form at Warsaw, 1880-81. The last collection of his poems is entitled "Kol Shire Mahalalel," 3 vols., Warsaw, 1890.
Like Levinsohn, Gordon, and other leaders of the progressive movement, Gottlober wrote in Yiddish for the masses. Among his works in that dialect are: "Das Lied vun'm Kugel," Odessa, 1863; "Der Seim," Jitomir, 1869; "Der Decktuch," a comedy, Warsaw, 1876; and "Der Gilgul," Warsaw, 1896. Most of these works were written a long time before the dates of their publication.
Bibliography: Ha-Asif, iii. 430-439; Sefer Zikkaron, p. 14, Warsaw, 1890; Aḥiasaf. 5660 (= 1900), pp. 386-3K8; Sokolov, Sefer ha-Shanah; 5660, pp. 308-3l4; Wiener, Yiddish Literature in the Nineteenth Century, Index, New York, 1899. H. R. P. Wi.
# Jewish Encyclopedia/Goldfaden, Abraham

Abrabam Goldfaden.
GOLDFADEN, ABRAHAM B. HAYYIM LIPPE: Hebrew and Yiddish poet and founder of the Yiddish drama; born at Starokonstantinov, Russia, July 13, 1840. He graduated from the rabbinical school of Jitomir in 1866. For nine years he taught in government schools, first at Simferopol and afterward at Odessa, and in 1875 went to Lemberg, where he founded "Yisrolik," a humorous weekly in Yiddish which circulated mostly in Russia, but ceased to exist six months later, when its entrance to that country was prohibited. Goldfaden then went to Czernowitz, where he established the "Bukowiner Israelitisches Volksblatt," which also had only a brief existence.
While on a visit to Jassy, Rumania, in 1876, his initial dramatic creation, "The Recruits," was put upon the first regularly organized modern Yiddish stage. It was entirely his own creation, for he himself built the stage, painted the decorations, wrote the piece, composed the music, and instructed the actors. In 1878, when he already had a tolerably good troupe of actors, and a repertoire of fourteen pieces from his own pen, he carried his enterprise into Russia and at first established himself in the Maryinski Theater in Odessa. He conducted several very successful tours through Russia until it was forbidden by the government to continue Yiddish theaters (1883). Alter a few years in Rumania and Galicia he revived his theater in Warsaw for a short time, but in a German guise. In 1887 he went to New York, where he founded the "New Yorker Illustrirte Zeitung," the first Yiddish illustrated periodical, and was also for some time connected with the Rumanian Opera-House of that city. He returned to Europe in 1889, and lived mostly in Paris. Since 1903 he has resided in New York.
Goldfaden's Hebrew poetry, most of which is contained in his "Zizim u-Perahim" (Jitomir, 1865), possesses considerable merit, but it has been eclipsed by his Yiddish poetry, which, for strength of expression and for depth of true Jewish feeling, remains unrivaled. He is the most Jewish of all the Yiddish poets, and his songs, especially those contained in his popular plays, are sung by the Yiddish-speaking masses in all parts of the world. His earliest collection of Yiddish songs, "Das Yüdele," has been reprinted many times since its first appearance in 1866. But his fame rests on his dramatic productions, which number about twenty-five. The best of them, "Shulamit" and "Bar Kochba," are considered the most popular dramatic works in Yiddish. Of the others, "Shmendrik," "Die Kishufmacherin," "Die Zewei Kune Lemels," and "Dr. Almasada" deserve special mention. Most of them were reprinted many times, both in Russia and in the United States, ​and "Shulamit" was played with considerable success in Polish, German, and Hungarian translations.
Bibliography: Sefer Zikkaron, p. 18, Warsaw, 1390; Ha-Meliẕ, No. 153; Eisenstein, The Father of the Jewish Stage, in Jewish Comment, Nov. 1, 1901 ; Hapgood, Spirit of the Ghetto, pp. U9 et seq.. New York, 1902; Wiernik, Abraham, Goldfaden, In Minikes' Hebrew Holiday Papers, vol. iv., No. 33; Jew. Chron. Oct. 13, 1899.
J. P. Wi.
# Jewish Encyclopedia/Haas, Robert

HAAS, ROBERT: German Lutheran minister; lived in the first half of the nineteenth century, in the duchy of Nassau; pastor in the villages of Grävenwiesbach, Dotzheim near Wiesbaden, Dickschied near Langenschwalbach. He was interested in Jewish affairs, and advocated the civic equality of the Jews. Among his friends was Abraham Geiger. He indorsed the rabbinical convention held at Wiesbaden in 1837. In the same year he addressed a circular letter to "all Christians in Germany" to aid in establishing a faculty of Jewish science and a Jewish seminary in a German university. He was the author of "Das Staatsbürgertum der Juden vom Standpunkt der Inneren Politik," Frankfort-on-the-Main, 1837, and of other works.
# International Trust Company v. Weeks

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
203 U.S. 364
International Trust Company v. Weeks
Argued: October 17, 1906. --- Decided: December 3, 1906
Messrs.
Robert M. Morse and William M. Richardson for plaintiff in error.
Messrs. G. Philip Wardner and Edward E. Blodgett for defendant in error.
Mr. Justice McKenna delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# International Typographical Union v. National Labor Relations Board

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
365 U.S. 705
International Typographical Union v. National Labor Relations Board
Argued: March 1, 1961. --- Decided: April 17, 1961
See 366 U.S. 941, 81 S.Ct. 1658.
Mr. Gerhard P. Van Arkel, Washington, D.C., for petitioners.
Mr. Dominick L. Manoli, Washington, D.C., for respondent.
Mr. Justice DOUGLAS delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# International Union, United Automobile Aerospace, & Agricultural Implement Workers of America v. Scofield International Union

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
382 U.S. 205
International Union, United Automobile Aerospace, & Agricultural Implement Workers of America v. Scofield International Union
Argued: Oct. 20, 1965. --- Decided: Dec 7, 1965
[Syllabus from pages 205-206 intentionally omitted]
Joseph L. Rauh, Jr., Washington, D.C., for petitioners.
Sol. Gen. Thurgood Marshall for respondents.
Mr. Chief Justice WARREN delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# International Union, United Automobile, Aerospace & Agricultural Implement Workers of America v. Hoosier Cardinal Corporation

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.

## Dissenting Opinion

    White
United States Supreme Court
383 U.S. 696
INTERNATIONAL UNION, UNITED AUTOMOBILE, AEROSPACE AND AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENT WORKERS OF AMERICA (UAW), AFL-CIO, Petitioner, v. HOOSIER CARDINAL CORPORATION.
Argued: Jan. 27, 1966. --- Decided: March 24, 1966
Stephen I. Schlossberg, Washington, D.C., for petitioner.
Harry P. Dees, Evansville, Ind., for respondent.
Mr. Justice STEWART delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# International Union, United Automobile, Aircraft and Agricultural Implement Workers of America v. Russell

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
356 U.S. 634
International Union, United Automobile, Aircraft and Agricultural Implement Workers of America v. Russell
Argued: Dec. 11, 12, 1957. --- Decided: May 26, 1958
See 357 U.S. 944, 78 S.Ct. 1379.
Mr. J. R. Goldthwaite, Jr., Atlanta, Ga., for petitioners.
Mr. Norman W. Harris, Decatur, Ala., for respondent.
Mr. Justice BURTON delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# King v. United States (99 U.S. 229)

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
99 U.S. 229
King v. United States
ERROR to the Circuit Court of the United States for the Northern District of Ohio.
The facts are stated in the opinion of the court.
Mr. Edward Bissell for the plaintiffs in error.
Mr. Assistant Attorney-General Smith, contra.
MR. JUSTICE MILLER delivered the opinion of the court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# King v. West Virginia

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
216 U.S. 92
King v. West Virginia
Argued: December 14, 15, 16, 1909. --- Decided: January 31, 1910
Messrs. Hannis Taylor, Maynard F. Stiles, and John G. Carlisle for plaintiff in error.
Messrs. John F. Dillon, C. W. Campbell, Frank Cox, Harry Hubbard, Edward C. Lyon, Malcolm Jackson, John A. Sheppard.
Wells Goodykoontz, James F. Brown, William R. Lilly, and William G. Conley for defendants in error.
Mr. Justice Holmes delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# King v. United States (379 U.S. 329)

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.

## Concurring Opinion

    White
United States Supreme Court
379 U.S. 329
King v. United States (379 U.S. 329)
Argued: Oct. 19, 1964. --- Decided: Dec 14, 1964
David S. Bate, Montclair, N.J., for petitioners.
Alan S. Rosenthal, Washington, D.C., for respondent.
Mr. Justice HARLAN delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# King v. United States (344 U.S. 254)

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Wikidata item.

## Dissenting Opinion

    Douglas
United States Supreme Court
344 U.S. 254
King v. United States (344 U.S. 254)
Argued: Oct. 15, 1952. --- Decided: Dec 22, 1952
See 344 U.S. 936, 73 S.Ct. 503.
Mr. Lewis W. Petteway, Tallahassee, Fla., for appellants.
Mr. Charles H. Weston, Washington, D.C., for appellees United States and Interstate Commerce Commission.
Mr. Frank W. Gwathmey, Washington, D.C., for appellees Atlantic Coast Line R. Co., and others.
Mr. Justice BURTON delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Kinney Shoe Corp. v. Polan

* Court Documents
* Opinion of the Court
* 939 F.2d 209
* KINNEY SHOE CORPORATION, a New York corporation, Plaintiff-Appellant
* v.
* LINCOLN M. POLAN, Defendant-Appellee
* No. 90-2466
* United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit.
* March 6, 1991, Argued
* July 17, 1991, Decided
William David Levine, St. Clair and Levine, Huntington, West Virginia, for Plaintiff-Appellant.
D. C. Offutt, Jr., argued (John M. Poma, on brief), Jenkins, Fenstermaker, Krieger, Kayes & Farrell, Huntington, West Virginia, for Defendant-Appellee. Jenkins, Fenstermaker, Krieger, Kayes & Farrell, Huntington, West Virginia, for Defendant-Appellee.
Hall, Circuit Judge, Chapman, Senior Circuit Judge, and Ward, Senior United States District Judge for the Middle District of North Carolina, sitting by designation. Senior Judge Chapman wrote the opinion, in which Judge Hall and Senior Judge Ward joined.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Kinney v. Plymouth Rock Squab Company

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
236 U.S. 43
Kinney v. Plymouth Rock Squab Company
Argued: January 18, 1915. ---
Mr. Robert D. Kinney, in propria persona, for the petition.
Mr. Chief Justice White delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse