OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume V/Hippolytus/The Refutation of All Heresies/Book IV
## Contents

* Part 1
* Part 2
* Part 3
* Part 4
* Part 5
* Part 6
* Part 7
* Part 8
* Part 9
* Part 10
* Part 11
* Part 12
* Part 13
* Part 14
* Part 15
* Part 16
* Part 17
* Part 18
* Part 19
* Part 20
* Part 21
* Part 22
* Part 23
* Part 24
* Part 25
* Part 26
* Part 27
* Part 28
* Part 29
* Part 30
* Part 31
* Part 32
* Part 33
* Part 34
* Part 35
* Part 36
* Part 37
* Part 38
* Part 39
* Part 40
* Part 41
* Part 42
* Part 43
* Part 44
* Part 45
* Part 46
* Part 47
* Part 48
* Part 49
* Part 50
* Part 51
* Part 52
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume IV

See Ante-Nicene Fathers for details of authorship.

## Contents

* Title Pages
* Introductory Notice
* Tertullian: Part Fourth
** Title Page
** On the Pallium
** On the Apparel of Women
** On the Veiling of Virgins
** To His Wife
** On Exhortation to Chastity
** On Monogamy
** On Modesty
** On Fasting
** De Fuga in Persecutione
** Appendix
* Minucius Felix
** Title Page
** Introductory Note
** The Octavius of Minucius Felix
* Commodianus
** Title Page
** The Instructions of Commodianus
* Origen
** Title Page
** Introductory Note
** Prefatory Notice
** Prologue of Rufinus
** Origen De Principiis
** A Letter to Origen from Africanus About the History of Susanna
** A Letter from Origen to Africanus
** A Letter from Origen to Gregory
** Origen Against Celsus
* Indexes [not included]
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume IV/Commodianus

See also: Commodianus

## Contents

* Title Page
* The Instructions of Commodianus
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume IV/Commodianus/The Instructions of Commodianus/Chapter 12

XI.—Apollo the Soothsaying and False.
Ye make Apollo a player on the cithara, and divine. Born at first of Maia, in the isle of Delos, subsequently, for offered wages, a builder, obeying the king Laomedon, he reared the walls of the Trojans. And he established himself, and ye are seduced into thinking him a god, in whose bones the love of Cassandra burned, whom the virgin craftily sported with, and, though a divine being, he is deceived. By his office of augur he was able to know the double-hearted one. Moreover rejected, he, though divine, departed thence. Him the virgin burnt up with her beauty, whom he ought to have burnt up; while she ought first of all to have loved the god who thus lustfully began to love Daphne, and still follows her up, wishing to violate the maid. The fool loves in vain. Nor can he obtain her by running. Surely, if he were a god, he would come up with her through the air. She first came under the roof, and the divine being remained outside. The race of men deceive you, for they were of a sad way of life. Moreover, he is said to have fed the cattle of Admetus. While in imposed sports he threw the quoit into the air, he could not restrain it as it fell, and it killed his friend. That was the last day of his companion Hyacinthus. Had he been divine, he would have foreknown the death of his friend.
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume IV/Commodianus/The Instructions of Commodianus/Chapter 10

IX.—Mercury.
Let your Mercury be depicted with a Saraballum, and with wings on his helmet or his cap, and in other respects naked. I see a marvellous thing, a god flying with a little satchel. Run, poor creatures, with your lap spread open when he flies, that he may empty his satchel: do ye from thence be prepared. Look on the painted one, since he will thus cast you money from on high:  then dance ye securely. Vain man, art thou not mad, to worship painted gods in heaven? If thou knowest not how to live, continue to dwell with the beasts.
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume IV/Commodianus/The Instructions of Commodianus/Chapter 13

XII.—Father Liber—Bacchus.
Ye yourselves say that Father Liber was assuredly twice begotten. First of all he was born in India of Proserpine and Jupiter, and waging war against the Titans, when his blood was shed, he expired even as one of mortal men. Again, restored from his death, in another womb Semele conceived him again of Jupiter, a second Maia, whose womb being divided, he is taken away near to birth from his dead mother, and as a nursling is given to be nourished to Nisus.  From this being twice born he is called Dionysus; and his religion is falsely observed in vanity; and they celebrate his orgies such that now they themselves seem to be either foolhardy or burlesquers of Mimnermomerus. They conspire in evil; they practise beforehand with pretended heat, that they may deceive others into saying that a deity is present. Hence you manifestly see men living a life like his, violently excited with the wine which he himself had pressed out; they have given him divine honour in the midst of their drunken excess.
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume IV/Commodianus/The Instructions of Commodianus/Chapter 15

XIV.—Sylvanus.
Whence, again, has Sylvanus appeared to be a god? Perhaps it is agreeable so to call him from this, that the pipe sings sweetly because he bestows the wood; for, perhaps, it might not be so. Thou hast bought a venal master, when thou shalt have bought from him. Behold the wood fails! What is due to him? Art thou not ashamed, O fool, to adore such pictures? Seek one God who will allow you to live after death. Depart from such as have become dead in life.
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume IV/Commodianus/The Instructions of Commodianus/Chapter 1

Introductory Note
to the
Instructions of Commodianus.
[a.d. 240.] Our author seems to have been a North-African bishop, of whom little is known save what we learn from his own writings. He has been supposed to incline to some ideas of Praxeas, and also to the Millenarians, but perhaps on insufficient grounds. His Millenarianism reflects the views of a very primitive age, and that without the corrupt Chiliasm of a later period, which brought about a practical repudiation of the whole system. Of his writings, two poems only remain, and of these the second, a very recent discovery, has no place in the Edinburgh series. I greatly regret that it cannot be included in ours.
As a poetical work the following prose version probably does it no injustice. His versification is pronounced very crabbed, and his diction is the wretched patois of North Africa. But the piety and earnestness of a practical Christian seem everywhere conspicuous in this fragment of antiquity.

## Footnotes

* ↑ He gives us a painful picture of the decline of godliness in his days; of which see Wordsworth’s Hippolytus, p. 140.
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume IV/Commodianus/The Instructions of Commodianus/Chapter 14

XIII.—The Unconquered One.
The unconquered one was born from a rock, if he is regarded as a god. Now tell us, then, on the other hand, which is the first of these two. The rock has overcome the god: then the creator of the rock has to be sought after. Moreover, you still depict him also as a thief; although, if he were a god, he certainly did not live by theft. Assuredly he was of earth, and of a monstrous nature. And he turned other people’s oxen into his caves; just as did Cacus, that son of Vulcan.
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume IV/Commodianus/The Instructions of Commodianus
## Contents

* Chapter 1
* Chapter 2
* Chapter 3
* Chapter 4
* Chapter 5
* Chapter 6
* Chapter 7
* Chapter 8
* Chapter 9
* Chapter 10
* Chapter 11
* Chapter 12
* Chapter 13
* Chapter 14
* Chapter 15
* Chapter 16
* Chapter 17
* Chapter 18
* Chapter 19
* Chapter 20
* Chapter 21
* Chapter 22
* Chapter 23
* Chapter 24
* Chapter 25
* Chapter 26
* Chapter 27
* Chapter 28
* Chapter 29
* Chapter 30
* Chapter 31
* Chapter 32
* Chapter 33
* Chapter 34
* Chapter 35
* Chapter 36
* Chapter 37
* Chapter 38
* Chapter 39
* Chapter 40
* Chapter 41
* Chapter 42
* Chapter 43
* Chapter 44
* Chapter 45
* Chapter 46
* Chapter 47
* Chapter 48
* Chapter 49
* Chapter 50
* Chapter 51
* Chapter 52
* Chapter 53
* Chapter 54
* Chapter 55
* Chapter 56
* Chapter 57
* Chapter 58
* Chapter 59
* Chapter 60
* Chapter 61
* Chapter 62
* Chapter 63
* Chapter 64
* Chapter 65
* Chapter 66
* Chapter 67
* Chapter 68
* Chapter 69
* Chapter 70
* Chapter 71
* Chapter 72
* Chapter 73
* Chapter 74
* Chapter 75
* Chapter 76
* Chapter 77
* Chapter 78
* Chapter 79
* Chapter 80
* Elucidation
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume IV/Commodianus/The Instructions of Commodianus/Chapter 11

X.—Neptune.
Ye make Neptune a god descended from Saturn; and he wields a trident that he may spear the fishes. It is plain by his being thus provided that he is a sea-god. Did not he himself with Apollo raise up walls for the Trojans? How did that poor stone-mason become a god? Did not he beget the cyclops-monster? And was he himself when dead unable to live again, though his structure admitted of this? Thus begotten, he begot who was already once dead.

## Footnotes

* ↑ We have changed marhus et into mortuus, and de suo into denuo.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Goodwin, William Watson

Edition of 1900.
​GOODWIN, William Watson, scholar, b. in Concord, Mass., 9 May, 1831. He was graduated at Harvard in 1851, studied at Bonn, Berlin, and Göttingen, and was tutor at Harvard from 1856 till 1860, after which he became Eliot professor of Greek literature, and still (1887) holds that chair. He was first director of the American school of classical studies at Athens, Greece, in 1882-'3. and was president of the American philological association from 1872 till 1885. Prof. Goodwin is also a member of the Imperial archaeological institute of Germany, of the American academy of arts and sciences, and of the Massachusetts historical society, and is a knight of the Greek order of the Saviour. He received the degree of Ph. D. from the University of Göttingen in 1855, and that of LL. D. from Amherst, and from the University of Cambridge, England, in 1883. He has been an extensive contributor to literary and philological journals, and to the transactions of various learned societies in the United States and England. He has published and edited various reports, including “Report on the American School of Classical Studies in Athens” (Boston, 1883), and “Papers of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens, Vol. 1st, edited by William W. Goodwin and Thomas W. Ludlow” (1885). His works include “Syntax of the Moods and Tenses of the Greek Verb” (Cambridge, 1869; revised ed., 1865; London, 1873); “Elementary Greek Grammar” (Boston, 1870; enlarged ed., Boston and London, 1879); a “Greek Reader,” with Joseph H. Allen (Boston, 1871; 2d ed., edited by William W. Goodwin, with alterations, 1877); and an edition of Xenophon's “Anabasis,” Books I.-IV., with John W. White (Boston and London, 1877).
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Gorham, Shubael

GORHAM, Shubael, soldier, b. in Barnstable, Mass., 2 Sept., 1686; d. at Louisburg, 20 Feb., 1746. He took an active and efficient part in obtaining the grants made by the legislature of Massachusetts to the officers and soldiers of King Philip's war. He was the chief promoter of the settlement of Gorhamtown, Me., and gave much time and money to this purpose. On 2 Feb., 1745, he was commissioned colonel of the 7th Massachusetts regiment in the Louisburg expedition, being also captain of the first company. He died in the service.—John, his eldest son, b. in Barnstable, Mass., 12 Dec, 1709; d. in London about 1752. He removed to Falmouth (now Portland), Me., in 1742, and for a time resided in Gorham, where he built the first mills in the town and owned much land. In 1744 he was at Annapolis, Nova Scotia, commanding a company of Indian rangers. This fort being threatened by the French and Indians in 1745, he was sent to Boston for succor, and while there was invited to raise a number of men to join the expedition against Louisburg. He was appointed lieutenant-colonel in his father's regiment, 20 Feb., 1745, and was also made captain of the second company. Upon the death of his father he became colonel, and, returning to Annapolis, was placed in command of the Boston troops sent to Minas with Col. Arthur Noble. In 1748 he commanded Gorham's independent company of rangers, stationed in Nova Scotia. He visited England in 1749, being sent by Gov. Shirley to explain the condition of military affairs in the colonies, and, it seems, also to prosecute his claims for recognition and recompense for expenses incurred in the Louisburg expedition.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Gookin, Charles

Edition of 1900.
​GOOKIN, Charles, deputy governor of Pennsylvania. He bore the title of colonel, and was deputy governor of Pennsylvania under William Penn from February, 1709, till May, 1717. He was selected because of his thoughtful demeanor and supposed wisdom, but it was afterward learned that he was deranged. Until the session of 1714, harmony prevailed between the assembly and the governor. The remainder of his term of office was stormy. On 15 Feb., 1714, the day for the convening of the assembly, the weather was severe, and a quorum failed to assemble. This embittered him, and when, on the following day, an organization was effected, he roundly abused the committee sent to him, and drove them from his door. He once removed all the chief justices of New Castle county for doing their duty in an action against his brother-in-law, leaving the county without a magistrate for six weeks. At another time, when the judges of the supreme court at New Castle refused to permit a certain commission of his to be published in court, he sent for one of the judges and kicked him. The breach made by his eccentricities widened until 1717, when, on petition of the council, he was removed. One of William Penn's letters says: “His grandfather, Sir Vincent Gookin, had been an early great planter in Ireland in Kings James I. and Charles I. days.”
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Gookin, Daniel

Edition of 1900.
​GOOKIN, Daniel, soldier, b. in Kent, England, about 1612; d. in Cambridge, Mass., 19 March, 1687. He came with his father to Virginia in 1621. During the Indian massacre of 1622, Gookin, with thirty-five men, held his plantation, at what is now Newport News, against the savages. In May, 1644, in consequence of his doctrinal sympathies with the Puritans, he removed to Cambridge, Mass., where he was soon afterward appointed a captain of militia and a member of the house of deputies. In 1651 he was speaker of the house, and in 1652 elected a magistrate. In 1656 he was appointed by legislative enactment superintendent of all the Indians who acknowledged the government of Massachusetts, an office which he retained until his death, although he became unpopular because of the protection which, as a magistrate, he extended to the Indians. He zealously co-operated with John Eliot in his efforts for their spiritual instruction. King Philip's war led to the passage of several measures against the Natick and other Indians, who had submitted to the English. Gookin was the only magistrate who joined Eliot in opposing these measures, and consequently subjected himself to reproaches from his fellow-magistrates, and insult in the public streets. He visited England in 1656, and was authorized by Cromwell to invite the people of New England to colonize Jamaica, then recently conquered from Spain. He went to England again in the following year, returning in 1660 in the same ship with the fugitive regicides, Goffe and Whalley, whom he aided in protecting. He was one of the licensers of the Cambridge printing-press in 1662. In 1681 he was made major-general of the colony. He took an active part on the side of the people against the measures which terminated in the withdrawal of the colonial charter in 1686. He died so poor that John Eliot solicited from Robert Boyle a gift of £10 for his widow. His “Historical Collections of the Indians of Massachusetts,” written in 1674, was published by the Massachusetts historical society in 1792. He was also author of a “History of New England,” never published, the fate of which is unknown. — His grandson, Nathaniel, clergyman, b. in 1688; d. in 1734, was graduated at Harvard in 1703, and ordained in 1710. He published three sermons on the occasion of the earthquake in October, 1727; to which were added an account of the earthquake, and of some remarkable thunder-storms.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Gorham, John

Edition of 1900.
​GORHAM, John, physician, b. in Boston, Mass., 24 Feb., 1783; d. there, 29 March, 1829. He was graduated at Harvard in 1801, and afterward studied in Edinburgh. In 1809 he was appointed adjunct professor of chemistry and materia medica in Harvard, and in 1815 was made professor of chemistry and mineralogy. He published an “Inaugural Address” (1817); “Elements of Chemical Science” (1819); and a “Contribution on Sugar” to Thomas's “Annual Philosophy” (1817).
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Gonannhatenha, Frances

Edition of 1900.
​GONANNHATENHA, Frances, Indian convert, b. in Onondaga, N. Y.; d. there in 1692. She had been converted by Father Fremin and became a model of piety and charity in the Caughnawaga village to which her husband belonged. Hearing one day that a hostile party was going in the direction of the place where her husband was hunting, she started in her canoe with two others to give him warning. She fell into the hands of the enemy, who, after torturing her, brought her to Onondaga and placed her in the custody of her sister, who surrendered her. On the scaffold she made a profession of her faith and of her happiness in dying for it. A relative used every entreaty to persuade her to renounce Christianity, and, maddened by his failure, tore her crucifix from her neck, and with his knife slashed a cross on her naked breast. “I thank you, brother,” she said; “it was possible to lose the cross you have taken from me, but you have given me one I only can lose with my life.” She then addressed those present with great force, exhorting them to embrace the faith. She was then tortured for three successive nights and barbarously put to death. The narrative of her martyrdom is taken from the accounts of Frenchmen who were prisoners among the Onondagas at the time.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Gorham, Nathaniel

Edition of 1900.
​GORHAM, Nathaniel, statesman, b. in Charlestown, Mass., 27 May, 1738; d. there, 11 June, 1796. After receiving a common-school education, he engaged in mercantile pursuits in his native town. He took an active part in public affairs at the beginning of the Revolution, was a member of the colonial legislature from 1771 till 1775, a delegate to the Provincial congress from 1774 till 1775, and a member of the board of war from 1778 until its dissolution in 1781. In 1779 he served in the State constitutional convention. He was a delegate to the Continental congress from 1782 till 1783, and also from 1785 till 1787, serving as president of that body in June, 1786. For several years he was judge of the court of common pleas. He took high rank in the convention that framed the National constitution, and, when it was sitting as committee of the whole, he was called by Washington to preside, and filled the chair for three months. He afterward exerted a powerful influence in securing the ratification of the constitution in the State convention. In connection with Oliver Phelps he purchased from the state of Massachusetts in 1786 an immense tract of land on Genesee river, for the sum of $l,000,000. This had been previously ceded to Massachusetts from the state of New York. They soon extinguished the Indian title to a part of this territory, surveyed it into tracts, laid out townships, and sold large parts to speculators and settlers. In 1790 they had sold nearly all their property, and, being unable to fulfil their contract in full to Massachusetts, Phelps and Gorham compromised and surrendered that portion of the land which remained under the Indian title.—His eldest son, Nathaniel, d. in Canandaigua, N. Y., 22 Oct., 1836, was a pioneer settler of this tract, having been placed there in charge of his father's interests.—Another son, Benjamin, lawyer, b. in Charlestown, Mass., 13 Feb., 1775; d. in Boston, Mass., 27 Sept., 1855, was graduated at Harvard in 1795. He studied law under Theophilus Parsons, and rose to eminence at the Boston bar. He was elected a representative to congress as a Federalist to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Jonathan Mason, and served from 1820 till 1821. He was again in congress from 1827 till 1831, and from 1833 till 1835. He was also a member of the state house of representatives. He gave his professional services without compensation to defend the newspaper press in libel suits.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Goodenow, John M.

Edition of 1900.
​GOODENOW, John M., lawyer, b. in Massachusetts in 1782; d. in Steubenville, Ohio, in 1838. He received a public-school education, studied law, was admitted to the bar, and practised in Steubenville, to which place he was an early emigrant. He was a prominent mason, served in the legislature, and held other public offices. He was elected to congress as a Jackson Democrat, serving from 7 Dec., 1829 till 9 April, 1830, when he resigned to become judge of the supreme court of Ohio. He had a large practice at the bar, and published “American Jurisprudence in Contrast with the Doctrine of English Common Law” (1819). The object of the work, of which only 100 copies were printed, was to prove that the courts in the state were not possessed of common law jurisdiction.
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume VI/Arnobius/Adversus Gentes/Book II/Chapter LI

51. But you laugh at our reply, because, while we deny that souls are of royal descent, we do not, on the other hand, say in turn from what causes and beginnings they have sprung. But what kind of crime is it either to be ignorant of anything, or to confess quite openly that you do not know that of which you are ignorant? or whether does he rather seem to you most deserving of ridicule who assumes to himself no knowledge of some dark subject; or he who thinks that he knows most clearly that which transcends human knowledge, and which has been involved in dark obscurity? If the nature of everything were thoroughly considered, you too are in a position like that which you censure in our case. For you do not say anything which has been ascertained and set most clearly in the light of truth, because you say that souls descend from the Supreme Ruler Himself, and enter into the forms of men. For you conjecture, do not perceive this; surmise, do not actually know it; for if to know is to retain in the mind that which you have yourself seen or known, not one of those things which you affirm can you say that you have ever seen—that is, that souls descend from the abodes and regions above. You are therefore making use of conjecture, not trusting clear information. But what is conjecture, except a doubtful imagining of things, and directing of the mind upon nothing accessible? He, then, who conjectures, does not comprehend, nor does he walk in the light of knowledge. But if this is true and certain in the opinion of proper and very wise judges, your conjectures, too, in which you trust, must be regarded as showing your ignorance.

## Footnotes

* ↑ The ms. reads se esse, without meaning, from which LB., followed by Hildebrand, and Oehler derived se ex se—“himself of himself.” The rest simply omit esse as above.
* ↑ Lit., “hold.”
* ↑ Lit., “hold.”
* ↑ Lit., “set in the.”