OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The New Student's Reference Work/Lang, Andrew

See also Andrew Lang on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Lang, Andrew, LL. D., a British writer and versatile man of letters. He was born at Selkirk, Scotland in 1844, and was educated at Edinburgh Academy, St. Andrew’s University and Balliol College, Oxford, graduating with honors. He was elected a fellow of Merton in 1868, and in 1888 was appointed lecturer on natural religion at St. Andrew’s University. His versatility and indefatigable labors are shown in the fact that he was at once historian, biographer, essayist, novelist, creator of dainty stories and author of erudite works on human origins and similar subjects. His Ballads in Blue China appeared in 1881, and later he published Custom and Myth; Myth, Ritual and Religion; Lives of J. G. Lockhart; Lord Iddesleigh; Sir Walter Scott; Robert Burns; and Prince Charles Edward [Stuart]. He was aided in translations of the Odyssey and the Iliad. Later works include The Making of Religion; James VI and the Gowrie Mystery; Magic and Religion; History of Scotland from the Roman Occupation; and Knox and the Reformation. He died at Banchovy, Scotland, July 21, 1912.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Lansing

See also Lansing, Michigan on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​ Lan′sing, the capital of Michigan, county-seat of Ingham County, on both sides of Grand River. It is 72 miles southeast of Grand Rapids and 85 northwest of Detroit. It is well-equipped with parks, and has electric railways and other adjuncts of a live modern city. It contains the state capitol, library, industrial school, agricultural college, school for the blind, a hospital and U. S. government buildings. It has many manufactures of agricultural implements, flour, stoves, machinery, beetsugar, canned goods, trunks, wheelbarrows, knit goods, carriages and wagons. It was settled in 1847, and at the same time made state capital, and became a city in 1859. Population 31,229.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Lansingburg

See also Lansingburgh, New York on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​ Lan′singburg, a town of New York, on the Hudson, 10 miles above Albany. It contains an Augustinian priory, and has extensive manufactures of brushes and oilcloth. It has recently been annexed to Troy.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Lansdowne, Henry Charles Keith Petty-Fitzmaurice, Marquis of

See also Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​ Lans′downe, Henry Charles Keith Petty-Fitzmaurice, Marquis of, an English statesman, was born on Jan. 14, 1845, and was educated at Eton and at Balliol College, Oxford. He succeeded as Marquis of Lansdowne in 1866, entered politics as a Liberal, and was lord of the treasury from 1868 to 1872; under-secretary of war, 1872 to 1874; under-secretary for India, 1880; governor-general of Canada, 1883 to 1888; governor-general of India, 1888 to 1893; secretary of war, 1895-1900, in Salisbury's cabinet and secretary of state for foreign affairs, 1900-1905. He at present is leader of the Conservatives in the House of Lords.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Land's End

See also Land's End on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Land’s End, the southwestern extremity of England (the ancient Bolerium), the western point of Cornwall. It is directly opposite to the Scilly Isles, which form a part of Cornwall, and is the southern land boundary of Mount’s Bay, which on the north terminates in Lizard’s Point.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Land-League

See also Irish National Land League on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Land-League, an association formed in 1879 by Michael Davitt in Ireland, to buy land for the tenants, though connected with it was a widespread agitation for the abolition of all rents. It was, therefore, suppressed as illegal in 1881.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Landor, Walter Savage

See also Walter Savage Landor on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Lan′dor, Walter Savage, was born at Warwick, England, Jan. 30, 1775. At ten he was sent to Rugby School, but on account of his intractable temper he was expelled. After ten years with a tutor he was sent to Trinity College, but was expelled in 1794. In 1795 he published a volume of poems. In 1798 he published Gebir. A hasty marriage in 1811 proved unhappy, and he left his wife, going to France, devoting his time to writing and producing his tragedy of Count Julian. His notable works are his Imaginary Conversations (1824-48), Examination of Shakespeare (1834), Pentameron (1837), Pericles and Aspasia and his Hellenics. He died at Florence, Italy, Sept. 17, 1864. See Forster’s Life and Sidney Colvin’s Landor in the English Men of Letters Series.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Lands, Public

See also Public lands on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Lands, Public, in the United States, refer to such lands as are held in ownership by the national government. Originally, indeed, the states which united in 1787 laid claim to the whole of the United States territory; but they speedily ceded to the national government all the lands which were not strictly within their limits. As a consequence, the United States became possessed of vast regions in the west. With the admission of new states into the Union vast tracts fell to the federal government, especially in the case of the Louisiana purchase and the acquisitions of Texas, Florida and Alaska. At the present time the lands still undisposed of reach over 800,000,000 acres. These lands are administered by the General Land Office, a bureau of the Department of the Interior. The great bulk of them lies in Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, North and South Dakota, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming, Utah, Idaho, Arizona, Colorado, California and Alaska. In Alaska alone there are estimated to be 359,492,760 acres of public lands.
Congress has been very liberal in the disposal of these lands, chiefly in the following ways: First, in the earlier days, by very cheap sales, either for cash or credit and in large bulk. Second, by grants to the states, especially for railroads, for canals, for irrigation and for education. Third, by grants to individuals for their services to the state. Fourth, for closer settlement, especially under the preëmption and homestead laws (see Homestead Laws). The last of these methods is now chiefly favored. Each state admitted to the Union since 1850 receives one township in every 18 for education, an additional grant of four townships for a university and a grant for a college of agriculture.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Landseer, Sir Edwin Henry

See also Edwin Henry Landseer on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Land′seer, Sir Edwin Henry, an English animal painter, son of an engraver, was born at London, March 7, 1802. He was carefully trained by his father to sketch animals from life, and began exhibiting at the Academy at 13, but the first work to bring him into prominence was Fighting Dogs Getting Wind. After 1823 he painted The Cat’s Paw, High Life and Low Life, King Charles’ Spaniels, Suspense, Jack in Office, The Challenge, The Monarch of the Glen, The Stag at Bay and others. He was knighted in 1850. In 1866 he was elected president of the Royal Academy, but declined the honor. He died after much mental suffering, Oct. 1, 1873, and was buried in St. Paul’s, London. See Sir Edwin H. Landseer by F. G. Stephens in the Great Artists Series, 1889.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Lancaster Sound

See also Lancaster Sound on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Lancaster Sound, a passage connecting Baffin’s Bay with the Barrow Strait. It was discovered by Baffin, in 1616.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Lithuania

See also Lithuania on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​ Lith′ua′nia, the former name of a large tract of land between Poland and Prussia, which in the middle ages constituted an independent realm closely connected with that of Poland. Now it belongs to Russia, with the exception of a small part in the East Prussian district of Gumbinnen. It is a flat, low country, covered to a great extent with sand-heaths, marshes and forests. The principal rivers are the Dnieper, Duna, Beresina, Pripet and Niemen. The chief exports are grain, hemp, flax, honey, timber, cattle and horses. The inhabitants are chiefly Lithuanians, Poles, Russians, Tartars and Jews. Lithuania, because it had no natural boundaries, was frequently invaded, but, after being long tributary to various neighboring Russian principalities, it recovered its independence about the 12th century, only to become involved in a struggle with the Knight sword-bearers and the Teutonic Order who converted them to Christianity. The people had no central government until the latter part of the middle ages. Ryngold, a partly mythical chief of the early part of the 13th century, is thought to have begun a stable government. Ryngold’s son Mindog, a purely historical character, reigned over Lithuania until about 1263. Gedimen (1315–1340) made Lithuania a powerful state by the conquest of Volhynia and Kilo, which had belonged to Russia. In 1386 Jagello, grandson of Gedimen, grand prince of Lithuania, married Hedwig, the daughter of Louis the Great of Poland, and became King of Poland with which he united Lithuania; he also converted his hereditary subjects to Christianity. After Jagello, for 100 years Lithuania and Poland had separate rulers, although somewhat united politically. From 1501 they had a common ruler; in 1569 the Diet of Lublin decreed the permanent union of Poland and Lithuania into one commonwealth to be governed by an elective king. From this time the history of Lithuania is that of Poland. At its greatest power, in the 14th century, Lithuania extended from the Baltic Sea to the Black Sea and from the northern Bug River to the Don. In 1772 it consisted of the palatinates of Wilna, Troki, Novogrodek, Brzesc, Vitebsk, Polotzk and Matiolov and the duchy of Samogritia. All are included in the Russian governments of Wilna, Mohileo, Minsk and Suwalki, an area of about 100,000 square miles. Lithuanian, a branch of Lettic, is spoken in parts of East Prussia, in Samogritia and in Lithuania proper.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Lithography

See also Lithography on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Lithog′raphy, the art of printing from stone. Chalky stones, as limestone, absorb grease and water readily. If a greasy line is drawn on a prepared stone, this line can be removed only by taking away the surface so far as the grease has penetrated. If water is put on this prepared stone after the greased line has been drawn, the water remains on those parts not covered with the grease. If a roller covered with greasy ink is passed over the stone, the ink will cover the greased portions, and the parts wet with water will repel the ink and remain clean. If a piece of paper is now put on the stone, it will receive an impression in ink of the greasy line. These are the elements of lithographic printing.
The art was invented by Senefelder in 1796. In 1800 he patented his invention in Bavaria, most of the German states and Austria. His establishments in London and Paris did not do well for the new art was guarded with such secrecy and jealousy as to retard progress, and many years passed before it was brought to perfection. Various methods are used, as drawing on stone with pen or brush, using liquid ink; drawing on ​paper and transferring to stone; engraving on stone; drawing on stones with crayon or solid ink and transferring from engraved plates or woodcuts. The printing from all is nearly the same. The stones are composed of lime, clay and silicon earth, and vary in color.
Zincography, the invention of Eberhard of Bavaria, is an application of this art to zinc instead of stone. Its only advantage is in connection with large subjects, the zinc being more portable and less liable to break than stone. In chromo-lithography, by which colored pictures are produced, a large number of stones are used, one for each separate tint, sometimes as many as 20 or 30 colors being printed. Photo-lithography is used in printing plans, maps etc., which are copied from a photographic negative and then transferred to the stone.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Lincoln, Neb.

See also Lincoln, Nebraska on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Lincoln, Neb., capital of the state and county-seat of Lancaster County. Population 43,973. Lincoln is the chief railroad center of Nebraska. It has a large wholesale business in groceries and other merchandise, coal, lumber, steam and water machinery supplies and an extensive trade in agricultural implements. It is the chief center of the grain-trade of the state, and has the largest creamery establishment in the United States. Lincoln owns its waterworks. The state home for friendless children, the state penitentiary and the state asylum for the insane are located here. The city is noted for schools and colleges, constituting it one of the chief educational centers of the west. In addition to an excellent system of public schools, here are located the University of Nebraska (which see), Nebraska Wesleyan University (Methodist), Cotner University (Christian), Union college (Adventist), Lincoln Academy, St. Theresa high school and musical and business colleges.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Lithium

See also Lithium on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​ Lith′ium, a silvery white metal, first discovered in 1817 by Arfvedson as an oxide and first separated as an element by Brande in 1822, is the lightest of known solids, having a specific gravity of only about .585. It occurs widely, but in very small quantities. In meteors and in the sun there are traces of its presence. It is rather softer than lead. The spectrum is an easy test of its presence, as it shows a bright crimson stripe, together with a pale yellow. Commercially it is obtained chiefly from lepidolite, chiefly for use in medicine, e. g., for gout. Lithium readily forms an oxide, and will rapidly decompose water. It forms alkalies like potassium and sodium.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Little Rock

See also Little Rock, Arkansas on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​ Little Rock, the county-seat of Pulaski County and capital of Arkansas, is on the Arkansas River, 145 miles northeast of Texarkana. It is located on a bluff about 50 feet above the river, and bears its name in contrast to Big Rock, a promontory a mile from ​the city, upon which is located the army-post called Fort Logan H. Roots. Prominent among its numerous industrial establishments are cottonseed-oil mills, cotton compresses, beer and bottling works, flour mills, brick and tile works, foundries and machine shops. It has excellent systems of waterworks, electric lighting and street-railway. Little Rock has many banks and several building and loan associations, and among its prominent buildings are the capitol, Albert Pike Consistory (Masonic), St. Andrew's Cathedral (R. C.), Christ Church (P. E.), the Jewish Temple, the Methodist and Baptist Churches, the custom-house and postoffice and the county courthouse. The Arkansas School for the Blind, Deaf-Mute Institute, Lunatic Asylum and Penitentiary are also located in Little Rock. The city maintains one of the best public-school systems in the southwest, has excellent school-buildings and a school-board building, in which the superintendent and school-board conduct their meetings. There are a number of private educational institutions, two business colleges, Arkansas Military Academy, Arkansas Baptist College, a convent and Philander Smith College. Little Rock was settled in 1819, became the seat of territorial government in 1820, and capital on Arkansas' admission to the Union in 1836. It has the service of two railroads and a population of 45,941.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Lincoln, Robert Todd

See also Robert Todd Lincoln on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
* ROBERT T. LINCOLN
Lincoln, Robert Todd, ex-secretary of war and only surviving son of Abraham Lincoln, was born at Springfield, Ill., Aug. 1, 1843. He graduated at Harvard in 1864, and in 1867 began the practice of law at Chicago, where he built up a large professional business. When Garfield became president in 1881, Lincoln was called into his cabinet as secretary of war, serving until 1885. In 1889 he was appointed United States minister to England and held this position until 1893, when he returned to his law-practice in Chicago. Though never seeking office, he has filled the high positions to which he has been called with credit to himself and honor to his country. He continues to reside in Chicago, where, since the death of Geo. M. Pullman, he has acted as president of the Pullman Palace Car Company, besides practicing his profession.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Litmus

See also Litmus test (chemistry) on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​ Lit′mus or Lacmus, a coloring matter manufactured in Holland. Lichens (Rocella tinctoria and others related to it) are reduced to a pulp with water, and potassium carbonate and ammonia are added. The mass gradually assumes a blue color, due to some attribute of the lichen. Chalk or gypsum is added to render the mass thick enough to be formed into rectangular cakes, which when dried are ready for use. Litmus is never used as a dye, but by chemists to detect free acids and free alkalies. The blue of litmus is turned to red by an acid, and the color again becomes blue by being mixed with an alkali. Litmus paper, i. e., paper infused with litmus both in its blue and red state, is the form in which litmus is generally used as a test.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Little Falls, N. Y.

See also Little Falls (city), New York on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​ Little Falls, N. Y., a picturesque city in Herkimer County, on Mohawk River and the Erie Canal, is in the north-central part of the state, 23 miles east of Utica. The West Shore and New York Central and Hudson River railroads pass through it, and it is a terminus for the Little Falls and Dolge-ville and Utica and Mohawk Valley railroads. The Mohawk falls 45 feet within the city-limits, affording an abundance of water-power for the city’s industries. The manufactures include knitgoods, paper, dairy machinery and preparations, knitting machinery, leather, bicycles, sectional bookcases, carriages and furnaces. There are many schools and churches. Population 12,273.
# The Poems of Henry Kendall/Heath from the Highlands

Sydney: Angus & Robertson Ltd., pages 340–342
HEATH FROM THE HIGHLANDS
Here, where the great hills fall away To bays of silver sea, I hold within my hand to-day A wild thing, strange to me.
​Behind me is the deep green dell Where lives familiar light; The leaves and flowers I know so well Are gleaming in my sight.
And yonder is the mountain glen, Where sings in trees unstirred By breath of breeze or axe of men The shining satin-bird.
The old weird cry of plover comes Across the marshy ways, And here the hermit hornet hums, And here the wild bee strays.
No novel life or light I see, On hill, in dale beneath: All things around are known to me Except this bit of heath.
This touching growth hath made me dream— It sends my soul afar To where the Scottish mountains gleam Against the Northern star.
It droops—this plant—like one who grieves; But, while my fancy glows, There is that glory on its leaves Which never robed the rose.
For near its wind-blown native spot Were born, by crags uphurled, The ringing songs of Walter Scott That shook the whole wide world.
There haply by the sounding streams, And where the fountains break, He saw the darling of his dreams, The Lady of the Lake.
And on the peaks where never leaf Of lowland beauty grew, Perhaps he met Clan Alpine's chief, The rugged Roderick Dhu.
​Not far, perchance, this heather throve (Above fair banks of ferns), From that green place of stream and grove That knew the voice of Burns.
Against the radiant river ways Still waves the noble wood, Where in the old majestic days The Scottish poet stood.
Perhaps my heather used to beam In robes of morning frost, By dells which saw that lovely dream— The Mary that he lost.
I hope, indeed, the singer knew The little spot of land On which the mountain beauty grew That withers in my hand.
A Highland sky my vision fills; I feel the great, strong North— The hard grey weather of the hills That brings men-children forth.
The peaks of Scotland, where the din And flame of thunders go, Seem near me, with the masculine, Hale sons of wind and snow.
So potent is this heather here, That under skies of blue, I seem to breathe the atmosphere That William Wallace knew.
And under windy mountain wall, Where breaks the torrent loose, I fancy I can hear the call Of grand old Robert Bruce.
# The Poems of Henry Kendall/Daphne

Sydney: Angus & Robertson Ltd., pages 73–75
DAPHNE
Daphne! Ladon's daughter, Daphne! Set thyself in silver light, Take thy thoughts of fairest texture, weave them into words of white— Weave the rhyme of rose-lipped Daphne, nymph of wooded stream and shade, Flying love of bright Apollo,—fieeting type of faultless maid! She, when followed from the forelands by the lord of lyre and lute, Sped towards far-singing waters, past deep gardens flushed with fruit; ​Took the path against Peneus, panted by its yellow banks; Turned, and looked, and flew the faster through grey-tufted thicket ranks; Flashed amongst high flowered sedges: leaped across the brook, and ran Down to where the fourfold shadows of a nether glade began; There she dropped, like falling Hesper, heavy hair of radiant head Hiding all the young abundance of her beauty's white and red.
Came the yellow-tressed Far-darter—came the god whose feet are fire, On his lips the name of Daphne, in his eyes a great desire; Fond, full lips of lord and lover, sad because of suit denied; Clear, grey eyes made keen by passion, panting, pained, unsatisfied. Here he turned, and there he halted, now he paused, and now he flew, Swifter than his sister's arrows, through soft dells of dreamy dew. Vext with gleams of Ladon's daughter, dashed along the son of Jove, Fast upon flower-trammelled Daphne fleeting on from grove to grove; Flights of seawind hard behind him, breaths of bleak and whistling straits; Drifts of driving cloud above him, like a troop of fierce-eyed Fates! So he reached the water-shallows; then he stayed his steps, and heard Daphne drop upon the grasses, fluttering like a wounded bird.
Was there help for Ladon's daughter? Saturn's son is high and just: Did he come between her beauty and the fierce Far-darter's lust? As she lay, the helpless maiden, caught and bound in fast eclipse, Did the lips of god drain pleasure from her sweet and swooning lips? Now that these and all Love's treasures blushed, before the spoiler, bare, Was the wrong that shall be nameless done, and seen, and suffered there? ​No! for Zeus is King and Father. Weary nymph and fiery god, Bend the knee alike before him—he is kind, and he is lord! Therefore sing how clear-browed Pallas—Pallas, friend of prayerful maid, Lifted dazzling Daphne lightly, bore her down the breathless glade, Did the thing that Zeus commanded: so it came to pass that he Who had chased a white-armed virgin, caught at her, and clasped a tree.
# The Poems of Henry Kendall/Harps We Love

Sydney: Angus & Robertson Ltd., page 30
HARPS WE LOVE
The harp we love hath a royal burst! Its strings are mighty forest trees; And branches, swaying to and fro, Are fingers sounding symphonies.
The harp we love hath a solemn sound! And rocks amongst the shallow seas Are strings from which the rolling waves Draw forth their stirring harmonies.
The harp we love hath a low sweet voice! Its strings are in the bosom deep, And Love will press those hidden chords When all the baser passions sleep.