# Latin for beginners (1911)/Appendix I

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APPENDIX I
DECLENSIONS, CONJUGATIONS, NUMERALS, ETC.
NOUNS
460. Nouns are inflected in five declensions, distinguished by the final letter of the stem and by the termination of the genitive singular.
    First Declension—Ā-stems, Gen. Sing. -ae
    Second Declension—O-stems, Gen. Sing. -ī
    Third Declension—Consonant stems and I-stems, Gen. Sing. -is
    Fourth Declension—U-stems, Gen. Sing. -ūs
    Fifth Declension—Ē-stems, Gen. Sing. -ē̆ī
domina, lady   Stemdominā-  Base domin- :
| Singular | Singular | Singular | Plural | Plural |
| | | TERMINATIONS | | TERMINATIONS |
| Nom. | domina | -a | dominae | -ae |
| Gen. | dominae | -ae | dominārum | ārum |
| Dat. | dominae | -ae | dominīs | -īs |
| Acc. | dominam | -am | dominās | -ās |
| Abl. | dominā | -ā | dominīs | -īs |
a. Dea and fīlia have the termination -ābus in the dative and ablative plural. ​462.
SECOND DECLENSION. O-STEMS
    a. Masculines in -us
| | dominus, master  Stem domino-  Base domin- | dominus, master  Stem domino-  Base domin- | dominus, master  Stem domino-  Base domin- | dominus, master  Stem domino-  Base domin- |
| | Singular | Singular | Plural | Plural |
| | | TERMINATIONS | | TERMINATIONS |
| Nom. | dominus | -us | dominī | -ī |
| Gen. | dominī | -ī | dominōrum | -ōrum |
| Dat. | dominō | -ō | dominīs | -īs |
| Acc. | dominum | -um | dominōs | -ōs |
| Abl. | dominō | -ō | dominīs | -īs |
1. Nouns in -us of the second declension have the termination -e´ in the vocative singular, as domine.
2. Proper names in -ius, and filius, end in -ī in the vocative singular, and the accent rests on the penult, as Vergi´lī, fīlī.
    b. Neuters in -um
| | pīlum, spear  Stem  pīlo- Base pīl- | pīlum, spear  Stem  pīlo- Base pīl- | pīlum, spear  Stem  pīlo- Base pīl- | pīlum, spear  Stem  pīlo- Base pīl- |
| | Singular | Singular | Plural | Plural |
| | | TERMINATIONS | | TERMINATIONS |
| Nom. | pīlum | -um | pīla | -a |
| Gen. | pīlī | -ī | pīlōrum | -ōrum |
| Dat. | pīlō | -ō | pīlīs | -īs |
| Acc. | pīlum | -um | pīla | -a |
| Abl. | pīlō | -ō | pīlīs | -īs |
1. Masculines in -ius and neuters in -ium end in -ī in the genitive singular, not in -iī, and the accent rests on the penult.
    c. Masculines in -er
AND -ir
| | puer, boy | ager, field | vir, man | |
| Stems | puero- | agro- | viro- | |
| Bases | puer- | agr- | vir- | |
| | Singular | Singular | Singular | TERMINATIONS |
| Nom. | puer | ager | vir | — |
| Gen. | puerī | agrī | virī | -ī |
| Dat. | puerō | agrō | virō | -ō |
| Acc. | puerum | agrum | virum | -um |
| Abl. | puerō | agrō | virō | -ō |
| | Plural | Plural | Plural | TERMINATIONS |
| Nom. | puerī | agrī | virī | -ī |
| Gen. | puerōrum | agrōrum | virōrum | -ōrum |
| Dat. | puerīs | agrīs | virīs | -īs |
| Acc. | puerōs | agrōs | virōs | -ōs |
| Abl. | puerīs | agrīs | virīs | -īs |
463.
THIRD DECLENSION.
| CLASSIFICATION | I. Consonant Stems | 1. Stems that add -s to the base to form the nominative singular: masculines and feminines only. 2. Stems that add no termination in the nominitive singular: a. masculines and feminines; b. neuters. |
| CLASSIFICATION | II. I-Stems. | Masculines, feminines, and neuters. |
464. I. CONSONANT STEMS
1. Nouns that add -s to the base to form the nominative singular: masculines and feminines only
| | prīnceps, m., chief | mīles, m., soldier | lapis, m., stone | |
| Bases or Stems | prīncip- | mīlit- | lapid- | |
| | Singular | Singular | Singular | TERMINATIONS |
| Nom. | prīnceps | mīles | lapis | -s |
| Gen. | prīn´cipis | mīlitis | lapidis | -is |
| Dat. | prīn´cipī | mīlitī | lapidī | -ī |
| Acc. | prīn´cipem | mīlitem | lapidem | -em |
| Abl. | prīn´cipe | mīlite | lapide | -e |
| | Plural | Plural | Plural | |
| Nom. | prīn´cipēs | mīlitēs | lapidēs | -ēs |
| Gen. | prīn´cipum | mīlitum | lapidum | -um |
| Dat. | prīnci´pibus | mīlitibus | lapidibus | -ibus |
| Acc. | prīn´cipēs | mīlitēs | lapidēs | -ēs |
| Abl. | prīnci´pibus | mīlitibus | lapidibus | -ibus |
Note. For consonant changes in the nominative singular, cf. § 233. 3.
2. Nouns that have no termination in the nominative singular
    a. Masculines and Feminines
| | cōnsul, m., consul | legiō, f., legion | ōrdō, m., row | pater, m., father | |
| Bases or Stems | cōnsul- | legiōn- | ōrdin- | patr- | |
| | Singular | Singular | Singular | Singular | TERMINATIONS |
| Nom. | cōnsul | legiō | ōrdō | pater | — |
| Gen. | cōnsulis | legiōnis | ōrdinis | patris | -is |
| Dat. | cōnsulī | legiōnī | ōrdinī | patrī | -ī |
| Acc. | cōnsulem | legiōnem | ōrdinem | patrem | -em |
| Abl. | cōnsule | legiōne | ōrdine | patre | -e |
| | Plural | Plural | Plural | Plural | |
| Nom. | cōnsulēs | legiōnēs | ōrdinēs | patrēs | -ēs |
| Gen. | cōnsulum | legiōnum | ōrdinum | patrum | -um |
| Dat. | cōnsulibus | legiōnibus | ōrdinibus | patribus | -ibus |
| Acc. | cōnsulēs | legiōnēs | ōrdinēs | patrēs | -ēs |
| Abl. | cōnsulibus | legiōnibus | ōrdinibus | patribus | -ibus |
Note. For vowel and consonant changes in the nominative singular, cf. § 236. 1-3. ​
    b. Neuters
| | flūmen, n., river | tempus, n., time | opus, n., work | caput, n., head | |
| Bases or Stems | flūmin- | tempor- | oper- | capit- | |
| | Singular | Singular | Singular | Singular | TERMINATIONS |
| Nom. | flūmen | tempus | opus | caput | — |
| Gen. | flūminis | temporis | operis | capitis -is | -is |
| Dat. | flūminī | temporī | operī | capitī | -ī |
| Acc. | flūmen | tempus | opus | caput | — |
| Abl. | flūmine | tempore | opere | capite | -e |
| | Plural | Plural | Plural | Plural | |
| Nom. | flūmina | tempora | opera | capita | -a |
| Gen. | flūminum | temporum | operum | capitum | -um |
| Dat. | flūminibus | temporibus | operibus | capitibus | -ibus |
| Acc. | flūmina | tempora | opera | capita | -a |
| Abl. | flūminibus | temporibus | operibus | capitibus | -ibus |
Note. For vowel and consonant changes in the nominative singular, cf. § 238. 2, 3.
465.
II. I-STEMS
a. Masculines and Feminines
| | caedēs, f., slaughter | hostis, m., enemy | urbs, f., city | cliēns, m., retainer | |
| Stems | caedi- | hosti- | urbi- | clienti- | |
| Bases | caed- | host- | urb- | client- | |
| | Singular | Singular | Singular | Singular | TERMINATIONS |
| Nom. | caedēs | hostis | urbs | cliēns | -s, -is, or -ēs |
| Gen. | caedis | hostis | urbis | clientis | -is |
| Dat. | caedī | hostī | urbī | clientī | -ī |
| Acc. | caedem | hostem | urbem | clientem | -em (-im) |
| Abl. | caede | hoste | urbe | cliente | -e (-ī) |
| | Plural | Plural | Plural | Plural | |
| Nom. | caedēs | hostēs | urbēs | clientēs | -ēs |
| Gen. | caedium | hostium | urbium | clientium | -ium |
| Dat. | caedibus | hostibus | urbibus | clientibus | -ibus |
| Acc. | caedīs, -ēs | hostīs, -ēs | urbīs, -ēs | clientīs, -ēs | -īs, -ēs |
| Abl. | caedibus | hostibus | urbibus | clientibus | -ibus |
* Avis, cīvis, fīnis, ignis, nāvis, have the abl. sing. in -ī or -e.
* Turris has accusative turrim and ablative turrī or turre. ​
    b. Neuters
| | īnsigne, n., decoration | animal, n., animal | calcar, n., spur | |
| Stems | īnsigni- | animāli- | calcāri- | |
| Bases | īnsign- | animāl- | calcār- | |
| | Singular | Singular | Singular | TERMINATIONS |
| Nom. | īnsigne | animal | calcar | -e or — |
| Gen. | īnsignis | animālis | calcāris | -is |
| Dat. | īnsignī | animālī | calcārī | -ī |
| Acc. | īnsigne | animal | calcar | -e or — |
| Abl. | īnsignī | animālī | calcārī | -ī |
| | Plural | Plural | Plural | |
| Nom. | īnsignia | animālia | calcāria | -ia |
| Gen. | īnsignium | animālium | calcārium | -ium |
| Dat. | īnsignibus | animālibus | calcāribus | -ibus |
| Acc. | īnsignia | animālia | calcāria | -ia |
| Abl. | īnsignibus | animālibus | calcāribus | -ibus |
466.
THE FOURTH DECLENSION. U-STEMS
| | adventus, m., arrival | cornū, n., horn | | |
| Stems | adventu- | cornu- | | |
| Bases | advent- | corn- | | |
| | Singular | Singular | TERMINATIONS | TERMINATIONS |
| | Singular | Singular | {{sc|MASC. | {{sc|NEUT. |
| Nom. | adventus | cornū | -us | -ū |
| Gen. | adventūs | cornūs | -ūs | -ūs |
| Dat. | adventuī (ū) | cornū | -uī (ū) | -ū |
| Acc. | adventum | cornū | -um | -ū |
| Abl. | adventū | cornū | -ū | -ū |
| | Plural | Plural | | |
| Nom. | adventūs | cornua | -ūs | -ua |
| Gen. | adventuum | cornuum | -uum | -uum |
| Dat. | adventibus | cornibus | -ibus | -ibus |
| Acc. | adventūs | cornua | -ūs | -ua |
| Abl. | adventibus | cornibus | -ibus | -ibus |
THE FIFTH DECLENSION. Ē-STEMS
| | diēs, m., day | rēs, f. thing | |
| Stems | diē- | rē- | |
| Bases | di- | r- | |
| | Singular | Singular | TERMINATIONS |
| Nom. | diēs | rēs | -ēs |
| Gen. | diēī | reī | -ē̆ī |
| Dat. | diēī | reī | -ē̆ī |
| Acc. | diem | rem | -em |
| Abl. | diē | rē | -ē |
| | Plural | Plural | |
| Nom. | diēs | rēs | -ēs |
| Gen. | diērum | rērum | -ērum |
| Dat. | diēbus | rēbus | -ēbus |
| Acc. | diēs | rēs | -ēs |
| Abl. | diēbus | rēbus | -ēbus |
468.
SPECIAL PARADIGMS
| | deus, m., god | domus, f., house | vīs, f., strength | iter, n., way |
| Stems | deo- | domu- | vī- and vīri- | iter- and itiner- |
| Bases | de- | dom- | v- and vīr- | iter- and itiner- |
| Singular ||||
| Nom. | deus | domus | vīs | iter |
| Gen. | deī | domūs | vīs (rare) | itineris |
| Dat. | deō | domuī, -ō | vī (rare) | itinerī |
| Acc. | deum | domum | vim | iter |
| Abl. | deō | domō, -ū | vī | itinere |
| Plural ||||
| Nom. | deī, dī | domūs | vīrēs | itinera |
| Gen. | deōrum, deum | domuum, -ōrum | vīrium | itinerum |
| Dat. | deīs, dīs | domibus | vīribus | itineribus |
| Acc. | deōs | domōs, -ūs | vīrīs, -ēs | itinera |
| Abl. | deīs, dīs | domibus | vīribus | itineribus |
    a. The vocative singular of deus is like the nominative.
    b. The locative of domus is domī. ​469.
FIRST AND SECOND DECLENSIONS. O- AND Ā-STEMS
    a. Adjectives in -us
bonus, good  
Stems bono- m. and n.,
bona- f.  
Base bon- :
| Singular ||||
| | MASC. | FEM. | NEUT. |
| Nom. | bonus | bona | bonum |
| Gen. | bonī | bonae | bonī |
| Dat. | bonō | bonae | bonō |
| Acc. | bonum | bonam | bonum |
| Abl. | bonō | bonā | bonō |
| Plural ||||
| Nom. | bonī | bonae | bona |
| Gen. | bonōrum | bonārum | bonōrum |
| Dat. | bonīs | bonīs | bonīs |
| Acc. | bonōs | bonās | bona |
| Abl. | bonīs | bonīs | bonīs |
    b. Adjectives in -er
līber, free  
Stems lībero- m. and n.,
līberā- f.  
Base līber- :
| Singular ||||
| | MASC. | FEM. | NEUT. |
| Nom. | līber | lībera | līberum |
| Gen. | līberī | līberae | līberī |
| Dat. | līberō | līberae | līberō |
| Acc. | līberum | līberam | līberum |
| Abl. | līberō | līberā | līberō |
| Plural ||||
| Nom. | līberī | līberae | lībera |
| Gen. | līberōrum | līberārum | līberōrum |
| Dat. | līberīs | līberīs | līberīs |
| Acc. | līberōs | līberās | lībera |
| Abl. | līberīs | līberīs | līberīs |
pulcher, pretty  
Stems pulchro- m. and n.,
pulchrā- f.  
Base pulchr- :
| Singular ||||
| | MASC. | FEM. | NEUT. |
| Nom. | pulcher | pulchra | pulchrum |
| Gen. | pulchrī | pulchrae | pulchrī |
| Dat. | pulchrō | pulchrae | pulchrō |
| Acc. | pulchrum | pulchram | pulchrum |
| Abl. | pulchrō | pulchrā | pulchrō |
| Plural ||||
| Nom. | pulchrī | pulchrae | pulchra |
| Gen. | pulchrōrum | pulchrārum | pulchrōrum |
| Dat. | pulchrīs | pulchrīs | pulchrīs |
| Acc. | pulchrōs | pulchrās | pulchra |
| Abl. | pulchrīs | pulchrīs | pulchrīs |
470.
THE NINE IRREGULAR ADJECTIVES
alius, another  
Stems alio- m. and n.,
aliā- f.  
Base ali- :
| | Singular | Singular | Singular | Plural | Plural | Plural |
| | MASC. | FEM. | NEUT. | MASC. | FEM. | NEUT. |
| Nom. | alius | alia | aliud | aliī | aliae | alia |
| Gen. | alīus | alīus | alīus | aliōrum | aliārum | aliōrum |
| Dat. | aliī | aliī | aliī | aliīs | aliīs | aliīs |
| Acc. | alium | aliam | aliud | aliōs | aliās | alia |
| Abl. | aliō | aliā | aliō | aliīs | aliīs | aliīs |
| ūnus, one, only  Stems ūno- m. and n., ūnā- f.  Base ūn- |||||||
| | MASC. | FEM. | NEUT. | MASC. | FEM. | NEUT. |
| Nom. | ūnus | ūna | ūnum | ūnī | ūnae | ūna |
| Gen. | ūnīus | ūnīus | ūnīus | ūnōrum | ūnārum | ūnōrum |
| Dat. | ūnī | ūnī | ūnī | ūnīs | ūnīs | ūnīs |
| Acc. | ūnum | ūnam | ūnum | ūnōs | ūnās | ūna |
| Abl. | ūnō | ūnā | ūnō | ūnīs | ūnīs | ūnīs |
    a. For the complete list see § 108. ​471.
ADJECTIVES OF THE THIRD DECLENSION. I-STEMS

##### I. THREE ENDINGS

| | ācer, ācris, ācre, keen, eager | ācer, ācris, ācre, keen, eager | ācer, ācris, ācre, keen, eager | Stem ācri-  Base ācr- | Stem ācri-  Base ācr- | Stem ācri-  Base ācr- |
| | Singular | Singular | Singular | Plural | Plural | Plural |
| | MASC. | FEM. | NEUT. | MASC. | FEM. | NEUT. |
| Nom. | ācer | ācris | ācre | ācrēs | ācrēs | ācria |
| Gen. | ācris | ācris | ācris | ācrium | ācrium | ācrium |
| Dat. | ācrī | ācrī | ācrī | ācribus | ācribus | ācribus |
| Acc. | ācrem | ācrem | ācre | ācrīs, -ēs | ācrīs, -ēs | ācria |
| Abl. | ācrī | ācrī | ācrī | ācribus | ācribus | ācribus |

##### II. TWO ENDINGS

| | omnis, omne, every, all | omnis, omne, every, all | Stem omni-  Base omn- | Stem omni-  Base omn- |
| | Singular | Singular | Plural | Plural |
| | MASC. AND FEM. | NEUT. | MASC. AND FEM. | NEUT. |
| Nom. | omnis | omne | omnēs | omnia |
| Gen. | omnis | omnis | omnium | omnium |
| Dat. | omnī | omnī | omnibus | omnibus |
| Acc. | omnem | omne | omnīs, -ēs | omnia |
| Abl. | omnī | omnī | omnibus | omnibus |

##### III. ONE ENDING

| | pār, equal  Stem pari-  Base par- | pār, equal  Stem pari-  Base par- | pār, equal  Stem pari-  Base par- | pār, equal  Stem pari-  Base par- |
| | Singular | Singular | Plural | Plural |
| | MASC. AND FEM. | NEUT. | MASC. AND FEM. | NEUT. |
| Nom. | pār | pār | parēs | paria |
| Gen. | paris | paris | parium | parium |
| Dat. | parī | parī | paribus | paribus |
| Acc. | parem | pār | parīs, -ēs | paria |
| Abl. | parī | parī | paribus | paribus |
* Observe that all i-stem adjectives have -ī in the ablative singular. ​472.
PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICIPLES
| | amāns, loving  Stem amanti-  Base amant- | amāns, loving  Stem amanti-  Base amant- | amāns, loving  Stem amanti-  Base amant- | amāns, loving  Stem amanti-  Base amant- |
| | Singular | Singular | Plural | Plural |
| | MASC. AND FEM. | NEUT. | MASC. AND FEM. | NEUT. |
| Nom. | amāns | amāns | amantēs | amantia |
| Gen. | amantis | amantis | amantium | amantium |
| Dat. | amantī | amantī | amantibus | amantibus |
| Acc. | amantem | amāns | amantīs, -ēs | amantia |
| Abl. | amante, -ī | amante, -ī | amantibus | amantibus |
| | iēns, going  Stem ienti-, eunti-  Base ient-, eunt- | iēns, going  Stem ienti-, eunti-  Base ient-, eunt- | iēns, going  Stem ienti-, eunti-  Base ient-, eunt- | iēns, going  Stem ienti-, eunti-  Base ient-, eunt- |
| Nom. | iēns | iēns | euntēs | euntia |
| Gen. | euntis | euntis | euntium | euntium |
| Dat. | euntī | euntī | euntibus | euntibus |
| Acc. | euntem | iēns | euntīs, -ēs | euntia |
| Abl. | eunte, -ī | eunte, -ī | euntibus | euntibus |
473.
REGULAR COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES
| Positive | Comparative | Comparative | Superlative | Superlative | Superlative |
| MASC. | MASC. AND FEM. | NEUT. | MASC. | FEM. | NEUT. |
| altus (alto-) | altior | altius | altissimus | -a | -um |
| līber (lībero-) | līberior | līberius | līberrimus | -a | -um |
| pulcher (pulchro-) | pulchrior | pulchrius | pulcherrimus | -a | -um |
| audāx (audāci-) | audācior | audācius | audācissimus | -a | -um |
| brevis (brevi-) | brevior | brevius | brevissimus | -a | -um |
| ācer (ācri-) | ācrior | ācrius | ācerrimus | -a | -um |
474.
DECLENSION OF COMPARATIVES
altior, higher :
| | Singular | Singular | Plural | Plural |
| | MASC. AND FEM. | NEUT. | MASC. AND FEM. | NEUT. |
| Nom. | altior | altius | altiōrēs | altiōra |
| Gen. | altiōris | altiōris | altiōrum | altiōrum |
| Dat. | altiōrī | altiōrī | altiōribus | altiōribus |
| Acc. | altiōrem | altius | altiōrēs | altiōra |
| Abl. | altiōre | altiōre | altiōribus | altiōribus |
plūs, more :
| Nom. | —— | plūs | plūrēs | plūra |
| Gen. | —— | plūris | plūrium | plūrium |
| Dat. | —— | —— | plūribus | plūribus |
| Acc. | —— | plūs | plūrīs (-ēs) | plūra |
| Abl. | —— | plūre | plūribus | plūribus |
475.
IRREGULAR COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES
| Positive | Comparative | Superlative | Superlative |
| bonus, -a, -um, good | melior, melius, better | optimus, -a, -um, best | optimus, -a, -um, best |
| malus, -a, -um, bad | peior, peius, worse | pessimus, -a, -um, worst | pessimus, -a, -um, worst |
| magnus, -a, -um, great | maior, maius, greater | maximus, -a, -um, greatest | maximus, -a, -um, greatest |
| multus, -a, -um, much | ——, plūs, more | plūrimus, -a, -um, most | plūrimus, -a, -um, most |
| parvus, -a, -um, small | minor, minus, smaller | minimus, -a, -um, smallest | minimus, -a, -um, smallest |
| senex, senis, old | senior | maximus nātū | maximus nātū |
| iuvenis, -e, young | iūnior | minimus nātū | minimus nātū |
| vetus, veteris, old | vetustior, -ius | veterrimus, -a, -um | veterrimus, -a, -um |
| facilis, -e, easy | facilior, -ius | facillimus, -a, -um | facillimus, -a, -um |
| difficilis, -e, difficult | difficilior, -ius | difficillimus, -a, -um | difficillimus, -a, -um |
| similis, -e, similar | similior, -ius | simillimus, -a, -um | simillimus, -a, -um |
| dissimilis, -e, dissimilar | dissimilior, -ius | dissimillimus, -a, -um | dissimillimus, -a, -um |
| humilis, -e, low | humilior, -ius | humillimus, -a, -um | humillimus, -a, -um |
| gracilis, -e, slender | gracilior, -ius | gracillimus, -a, -um | gracillimus, -a, -um |
| exterus, outward | exterior, outer, exterior | extrēmus extimus | outermost, last |
| īnferus, below | īnferior, lower | īnfimus īmus | lowest |
| posterus, following | posterior, later | postrēmus postumus | last |
| superus, above | superior, higher | suprēmus summus | highest |
| [cis, citrā, on this side] | citerior, hither | citimus, hithermost | citimus, hithermost |
| [in, intrā, in, within] | interior, inner | intimus, inmost | intimus, inmost |
| [prae, prō, before] | prior, former | prīmus, first | prīmus, first |
| [prope, near] | propior, nearer | proximus, next | proximus, next |
| [ultrā, beyond] | ulterior, further | ultimus, furthest | ultimus, furthest |
REGULAR COMPARISON OF ADVERBS
| Positive | Comparative | Superlative |
| cārē (cārus), dearly | cārius | cārissimē |
| miserē (miser), wretchedly | miserius | miserrimē |
| ācriter (ācer), sharply | ācrius | ācerrimē |
| facile (facilis), easily | facilius | facillimē |
477.
IRREGULAR COMPARISON OF ADVERBS
| Positive | Comparative | Superlative |
| diū, long, a long time | diūtius | diūtissimē |
| bene (bonus), well | melius, better | optimē, best |
| male (malus), ill | peius, worse | pessimē, worst |
| magnopere, greatly | magis, more | maximē, most |
| multum (multus), much | plūs, more | plūrimum, most |
| parum, little | minus, less | minimē, least |
| saepe, often | saepīus | saepissimē |
478.
NUMERALS
The cardinal numerals are indeclinable excepting ūnus, duo, trēs, the hundreds above one hundred, and mīlle used as a noun. The ordinals are declined like bonus, -a, -um.
| | Cardinals | Cardinals | Ordinals | Ordinals |
| | (How many) | (How many) | (In what order) | (In what order) |
| 1, | ūnus, -a, -um, | one | prīmus, -a, -um | first |
| 2, | duo, duae, duo | two | secundus (or alter) | second |
| 3, | trēs, tria | three, | tertius | third, |
| 4, | quattuor | etc. | quārtus | etc. |
| 5, | quīnque | quīnque | quīntus | quīntus |
| 6, | sex | sex | sextus | sextus |
| 7, | septem | septem | septimus | septimus |
| 8, | octō | octō | octāvus | octāvus |
| 9, | novem | novem | nōnus | nōnus |
| 10, | decem | decem | decimus | decimus |
| 11, | ūndecim | ūndecim | ūndecimus | ūndecimus |
| 12, | duodecim | duodecim | duodecimus | duodecimus |
| 13, | tredecim (decem (et) trēs) | tredecim (decem (et) trēs) | tertius decimus | tertius decimus |
| 14, | quattuordecim | quattuordecim | quārtus decimus | quārtus decimus |
| 15 | quīndecim | quīndecim | quīntus decimus | quīntus decimus |
| 16, | sēdecim | sēdecim | sextus decimus | sextus decimus |
| 17, | septendecim | septendecim | septimus decimus | septimus decimus |
| 18, | duodēvīgintī (octōdecim) | duodēvīgintī (octōdecim) | duodēvīcēnsimus | duodēvīcēnsimus |
| 19, | ūndēvīgintī (novendecim) | ūndēvīgintī (novendecim) | ūndēvīcēnsimus | ūndēvīcēnsimus |
| 20, | vīgintī | vīgintī | vīcēnsimus | vīcēnsimus |
| 21, | vīgintī ūnus or ūnus et vīgintī, etc. | vīgintī ūnus or ūnus et vīgintī, etc. | vīcēnsimus prīmus or ūnus et vīcēnsimus, etc. | vīcēnsimus prīmus or ūnus et vīcēnsimus, etc. |
| 30, | trīgintā | trīgintā | trīcēnsimus | trīcēnsimus |
| 40, | quadrāgintā | quadrāgintā | quadrāgēnsimus | quadrāgēnsimus |
| 50, | quīnquāgintā | quīnquāgintā | quīnquāgēnsimus | quīnquāgēnsimus |
| 60, | sexāgintā | sexāgintā | sexāgēnsimus | sexāgēnsimus |
| 70, | septuāgintā | septuāgintā | septuāgēnsimus | septuāgēnsimus |
| 80, | octōgintā | octōgintā | octōgēnsimus | octōgēnsimus |
| 90, | nōnāgintā | nōnāgintā | nōnāgēnsimus | nōnāgēnsimus |
| 100, | centum | centum | centum | centum |
| 101, | centum (et) ūnus, etc. | centum (et) ūnus, etc. | centum (et) ūnus, etc. | centum (et) ūnus, etc. |
| 120, | centum (et) vīgintī | centum (et) vīgintī | centum (et) vīgintī | centum (et) vīgintī |
| 121, | centum (et) vīgintī ūnus, etc. | centum (et) vīgintī ūnus, etc. | centum (et) vīgintī ūnus, etc. | centum (et) vīgintī ūnus, etc. |
| 200, | ducentī, -ae, -a | ducentī, -ae, -a | ducentī, -ae, -a | ducentī, -ae, -a |
| 300, | trecentī | trecentī | trecentī | trecentī |
| 400, | quadringentī | quadringentī | quadringentī | quadringentī |
| 500, | quīngentī | quīngentī | quīngentī | quīngentī |
| 600, | sescentī | sescentī | sescentī | sescentī |
| 700, | septingentī | septingentī | septingentī | septingentī |
| 800, | octingentī | octingentī | octingentī | octingentī |
| 900, | nōngentī | nōngentī | nōngentī | nōngentī |
| 1000, | mīlle | mīlle | mīlle | mīlle |
479. Declension of duo, two, trēs, three, and mīlle, a thousand.
| | Masc. | Fem. | Neut. | M. and F. | Neut. | Sing. | Plur. |
| N. | duo | duae | duo | trēs | trīa | mīlle | mīlia |
| G. | duōrum | duārum | duōrum | trium | trium | mīlle | mīlium |
| D. | duōbus | duābus | duōbus | tribus | tribus | mīlle | mīlibus |
| A. | duōs or duo | duās | duo | trīs or trēs | tria | mīlle | mīlia |
| A. | duōbus | duābus | duōbus | tribus | tribus | mīlle | mīlibus |
Note. Mīlle is used in the plural as a noun with a modifying genitive, and is occasionally so used in the nominative and accusative singular. For the declension ofūnus cf. § 470.
PERSONAL
| | ego, I | ego, I | tū, you | tū, you | suī, of himself, etc. | suī, of himself, etc. |
| | Sing. | Plur. | Sing. | Plur. | Sing. | Plur. |
| Nom. | ego | nōs | tū | vōs | —— | —— |
| Gen. | meī | nostrum, -trī | tuī | vestrum, -trī | suī | suī |
| Dat. | mihi | nōbīs | tibi | vōbīs | sibi | sibi |
| Acc. | mē | nōs | tē | vōs | sē, sēsē | sē, sēsē |
| Abl. | mē | nōbīs | tē | vōbīs | sē, sēsē | sē, sēsē |
Note that suī is always reflexive.
481.
DEMONSTRATIVE
Demonstratives belong to the first and second declensions, but have the pronominal endings -ī̆us and -ī in the gen. and dat. sing.
ipse, self :
| | Singular | Singular | Singular | Plural | Plural | Plural |
| | MASC. | FEM. | NEUT. | MASC. | FEM. | NEUT. |
| Nom. | ipse | ipsa | ipsum | ipsī | ipsae | ipsa |
| Gen. | ipsī´us | ipsī´us | ipsī´us | ipsōrum | ipsārum | ipsōrum |
| Dat. | ipsī | ipsī | ipsī | ipsīs | ipsīs | ipsīs |
| Acc. | ipsum | ipsam | ipsum | ipsōs | ipsās | ipsa |
| Abl. | ipsō | ipsā | ipsō | ipsīs | ipsīs | ipsīs |
| hic, this (here), he |||||||
| Nom. | hic | haec | hoc | hī | hae | haec |
| Gen. | huius | huius | huius | hōrum | hārum | hōrum |
| Dat. | huic | huic | huic | hīs | hīs | hīs |
| Acc. | hunc | hanc | hoc | hōs | hās | haec |
| Abl. | hōc | hāc | hōc | hīs | hīs | hīs |
| iste, this, that (of yours), he |||||||
| Nom. | iste | ista | istud | istī | istae | ista |
| Gen. | istī´us | istī´us | istī´us | istōrum | istārum | istōrum |
| Dat. | istī | istī | istī | istīs | istīs | istīs |
| Acc. | istum | istam | istud | istōs | istās | ista |
| Abl. | istō | istā | istō | istīs | istīs | istīs |
241 :
| ille, that (yonder), he |||||||
| Nom. | ille | illa | illud | illī | illae | illa |
| Gen. | illī´us | illī´us | illī´us | illōrum | illārum | illōrum |
| Dat. | illī | illī | illī | illīs | illīs | illīs |
| Acc. | illum | illam | illud | illōs | illās | illa |
| Abl. | illō | illā | illō | illīs | illīs | illīs |
| is, this, that, he |||||||
| Nom. | is | ea | id | iī, eī | eae | ea |
| Gen. | eius | eius | eius | eōrum | eārum | eōrum |
| Dat. | eī | eī | eī | iīs, eīs | iīs, eīs | iīs, eīs |
| Acc. | eum | eam | id | eōs | eās | ea |
| Abl. | eō | eā | eō | iīs, eīs | iīs, eīs | iīs, eīs |
| īdem, the same |||||||
| Nom. | īdem | e´adem | idem | iī´dem eī´dem | eae´dem | e´adem |
| Gen. | eius´dem | eius´dem | eius´dem | eōrun´dem | eārun´dem | eōrun´dem |
| Dat. | eī´dem | eī´dem | eī´dem | iīs´dem eīs´dem | iīs´dem eīs´dem | iīs´dem eīs´dem |
| Acc. | eun´dem | ean´dem | idem | eōs´dem | eās´dem | e´adem |
| Abl. | eō´dem | eā´dem | eō´dem | iīs´dem eīs´dem | iīs´dem eīs´dem | iīs´dem eīs´dem |
Note. In the plural of is and īdem the forms with two i’s are preferred, the two i’s being pronounced as one.
482.
RELATIVE
quī, who, which, that :
| | Singular | Singular | Singular | Plural | Plural | Plural |
| | MASC. | FEM. | NEUT. | MASC. | FEM. | NEUT. |
| Nom. | quī | quae | quod | quī | quae | quae |
| Gen. | cuius | cuius | cuius | quōrum | quārum | quōrum |
| Dat. | cui | cui | cui | quibus | quibus | quibus |
| Acc. | quem | quam | quod | quōs | quās | quae |
| Abl. | quō | quā | quō | quibus | quibus | quibus |
INTERROGATIVE
quis, substantive, who, what :
| | Singular | Singular | Plural | Plural | Plural |
| | MASC. AND FEM. | NEUT. | MASC. | FEM. | NEUT. |
| Nom. | quis | quid | qui | quae | quae |
| Gen. | cuius | cuius | quōrum | quārum | quōrum |
| Dat. | cui | cui | quibus | quibus | quibus |
| Acc. | quem | quid | quōs | quās | quae |
| Abl. | quō | quō | quibus | quibus | quibus |
The interrogative adjective quī, quae, quod, is declined like the relative.
484.
INDEFINITES
quis and quī, as declined above, are used also as indefinites (some, any). The other indefinites are compounds of quis and quī.
quisque, each :
| | Substantive | Substantive | Adjective | Adjective | Adjective |
| | MASC. AND FEM. | NEUT. | MASC. | FEM. | NEUT. |
| Nom. | quisque | quidque | quisque | quaeque | quodque |
| Gen. | cuius´que | cuius´que | cuius´que | cuius´que | cuius´que |
| Dat. | cuique | cuique | cuique | cuique | cuique |
| Acc. | quemque | quidque | quemque | quamque | quodque |
| Abl. | quōque | quōque | quōque | quāque | quōque |
485. quīdam, a certain one, a certain
Observe that in the neuter singular the adjective has quoddam and the substantive quiddam.
Singular :
| | MASC. | FEM. | NEUT. |
| Nom. | quīdam | quaedam | quoddam quiddam (subst.) |
| Gen. | cuius´dam | cuius´dam | cuius´dam |
| Dat. | cuidam | cuidam | cuidam |
| Acc. | quendam | quandam | quoddam quiddam (subst.) |
| Abl. | quōdam | quādam | quōdam |
Plural :
| Nom. | quīdam | quaedam | quaedam |
| Gen. | quōrun´dam | quārun´dam | quōrun´dam |
| Dat. | quibus´dam | quibus´dam | quibus´dam |
| Acc. | quōsdam | quāsdam | quaedam |
| Abl. | quibus´dam | quibus´dam | quibus´dam |
486. quisquam, substantive, any one (at all)
| | MASC. AND FEM. | NEUT. |
| Nom. | quisquam | quicquam (quidquam) |
| Gen. | cuius´quam | cuius´quam |
| Dat. | cuiquam | cuiquam |
| Acc. | quemquam | quicquam (quidquam) |
| Abl. | quōquam | quōquam |
487. aliquis, substantive, some one. aliquī, adjective, some
Singular :
| | Substantive | Substantive | Adjective | Adjective | Adjective |
| | MASC. AND FEM. | NEUT. | MASC. | FEM. | NEUT. |
| Nom. | aliquis | aliquid | aliquī | aliqua | aliquod |
| Gen. | alicu´ius | alicu´ius | alicu´ius | alicu´ius | alicu´ius |
| Dat. | alicui | alicui | alicui | alicui | alicui |
| Acc. | aliquem | aliquid | aliquem | aliquam | aliquod |
| Abl. | aliquō | aliquō | aliquō | aliquā | aliquō |
Plural for both Substantive and Adjective :
| | MASC. | FEM. | NEUT. |
| Nom. | aliquī | aliquae | aliqua |
| Gen. | aliquō´rum | aliquā´rum | aliquō´rum |
| Dat. | ali´quibus | ali´quibus | ali´quibus |
| Acc. | aliquōs | aliquās | aliqua |
| Abl. | ali´quibus | ali´quibus | ali´quibus |
    a. quis (quī), any one, any, is the least definite (§ 297. b). aliquis (aliquī), some one, some, is more definite than quis. quisquam, any one (at all), and its adjective ūllus, any, occur mostly with a negative, expressed or implied, and in clauses of comparison. ​REGULAR VERBS
488.
FIRST CONJUGATION. Ā-VERBS. AMŌ
Principal Parts amō, amāre, amāvī, amātus :
| Pres. Stem amā-  Perf. Stem amāv-  Part. Stem amāt- ||||||
| ACTIVE | ACTIVE | PASSIVE | PASSIVE | PASSIVE | PASSIVE |
| INDICATIVE ||||||
| PRESENT ||||||
| I love, am loving, do love, etc. | I love, am loving, do love, etc. | I am loved, etc. | I am loved, etc. | I am loved, etc. | I am loved, etc. |
| amō | amāmus | amor | amor | amāmur | amāmur |
| amās | amātis | amāris, -re | amāris, -re | amāminī | amāminī |
| amat | amant | amātur | amātur | amantur | amantur |
| IMPERFECT ||||||
| I loved, was loving, did love, etc. | I loved, was loving, did love, etc. | I was loved, etc. | I was loved, etc. | I was loved, etc. | I was loved, etc. |
| amābam | amābāmus | amābar | amābar | amābāmur | amābāmur |
| amābās | amābātis | amābāris, -re | amābāris, -re | amābāminī | amābāminī |
| amābat | amābant | amābātur | amābātur | amābantur | amābantur |
| FUTURE ||||||
| I shall love, etc. | I shall love, etc. | I shall be loved, etc. | I shall be loved, etc. | I shall be loved, etc. | I shall be loved, etc. |
| amābō | amābimus | amābor | amābor | amābimur | amābimur |
| amābis | amābitis | amāberis, -re | amāberis, -re | amābiminī | amābiminī |
| amābit | amābunt | amābitur | amābitur | amābuntur | amābuntur |
| PERFECT ||||||
| I have loved, loved, did love, etc. | I have loved, loved, did love, etc. | I have been (was) loved, etc. | I have been (was) loved, etc. | I have been (was) loved, etc. | I have been (was) loved, etc. |
| amāvi | amāvimus | amātus, -a, -um | sum | amātī, -ae, -a | sumus |
| amāvistī | amāvistis | amātus, -a, -um | es | amātī, -ae, -a | estis |
| amāvit | amāvērunt, -re | amātus, -a, -um | est | amātī, -ae, -a | sunt |
| PLUPERFECT ||||||
| I had loved, etc. | I had loved, etc. | I had been loved, etc. | I had been loved, etc. | I had been loved, etc. | I had been loved, etc. |
| amāveram | amāverāmus | amātus, -a, -um | eram | amātī, -ae, -a | erāmus |
| amāverās | amāverātis | amātus, -a, -um | erās | amātī, -ae, -a | erātis |
| amāverat | amāverant | amātus, -a, -um | erat | amātī, -ae, -a | erant |
| FUTURE PERFECT ||||||
| I shall have loved, etc. | I shall have loved, etc. | I shall have been loved, etc. | I shall have been loved, etc. | I shall have been loved, etc. | I shall have been loved, etc. |
| amāverō | amāverimus | amātus, -a, -um | erō | amātī, -ae, -a | erimus |
| amāveris | amāveritis | amātus, -a, -um | eris | amātī, -ae, -a | eritis |
| amāverit | amāverint | amātus, -a, -um | erit | amātī, -ae, -a | erunt |
SUBJUNCTIVE :
| PRESENT ||||||||
| amem | amēmus | amer | amer | amer | amēmur | amēmur | amēmur |
| amēs | amētis | amēris, -re | amēris, -re | amēris, -re | amēminī | amēminī | amēminī |
| amet | ament | amētur | amētur | amētur | amentur | amentur | amentur | IMPERFECT | IMPERFECT | IMPERFECT | IMPERFECT |
| amārem | amāremus | amārer | amārer | amārer | amārēmur | amārēmur | amārēmur |
| amārēs | amārētis | amārēris, -re | amārēris, -re | amārēris, -re | amārēminī | amārēminī | amārēminī |
| amāret | amārent | amārētur | amārētur | amārētur | amārentur | amārentur | amārentur |
| PERFECT ||||||||
| amāverim | amāverimus | amātus, -a, -um | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | sim | amātī, -ae, -a | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | sīmus |
| amāveris | amāveritis | amātus, -a, -um | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | sīs | amātī, -ae, -a | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | sītis |
| amāverit | amāverint | amātus, -a, -um | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | sit | amātī, -ae, -a | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | sint |
| PLUPERFECT ||||||||
| amāvissem | amāvissēmus | amātus, -a, -um | $\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right.}$ | essem | amātī, -ae, -a | $\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right.}$ | essēmus |
| amāvissēs | amāvissētis | amātus, -a, -um | $\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right.}$ | essēs | amātī, -ae, -a | $\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right.}$ | essētis |
| amāvisset | amāvissent | amātus, -a, -um | $\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right.}$ | esset | amātī, -ae, -a | $\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right.}$ | essent |
| IMPERATIVE |
| PRESENT |
| amā, love thou | amā, love thou | amāre, be thou loved | amāre, be thou loved |
| amāte, love ye | amāte, love ye | amāminī, be ye loved | amāminī, be ye loved |
| FUTURE |
| amātō, thou shalt love | amātō, thou shalt love | amātor, thou shalt be loved | amātor, thou shalt be loved |
| amātō, he shall love | amātō, he shall love | amātor, he shall be loved | amātor, he shall be loved |
| amātōte, you shall love | amātōte, you shall love | —— | —— |
| amantō, they shall love | amantō, they shall love | amantor, they shall be loved | amantor, they shall be loved |
| colspan = "4"|INFINITIVE |
| Pres. | amāre, to love | amārī, to be loved | amārī, to be loved |
| Perf. | amāvisse, to have loved | amātus, -a, -um esse, to have been loved | amātus, -a, -um esse, to have been loved |
| Fut. amātūrus, -a, -um esse, to be about to love | [amātum īrī], to be about to be loved | [amātum īrī], to be about to be loved |
| colspan = "4"|PARTICIPLES |
| Pres. | amāns, -antis, loving | Pres. | —— |
| Fut. | amātūrus, -a, -um, about to love | Gerundive | amandus, -a, -um, to be loved |
| Perf. | —— | Perf. | amātus, -a, -um, having been loved, loved |
| ERUND |
| Nom. | —— | SUPINE (Active Voice) | SUPINE (Active Voice) |
| Gen. | amandī, of loving | Acc. | [amātum], to love |
| Dat. | amandō, for loving | Abl. | [amātū], to love, in the loving |
| Acc. | amandum, loving | Abl. | amandō, by loving |
SECOND CONJUGATION. Ē-VERBS. MONEŌ
Principal Parts
moneō, monēre, monuī, monitus :
| Pres. Stem monē-  Perf. Stem monu-  Part. Stem monit- ||||||
| ACTIVE | ACTIVE | PASSIVE | PASSIVE | PASSIVE | PASSIVE |
| INDICATIVE ||||||
| PRESENT ||||||
| I advise, etc., | I advise, etc., | I am advised, etc. | I am advised, etc. | I am advised, etc. | I am advised, etc. |
| moneō | monēmus | moneor | moneor | monēmur | monēmur |
| monēs | monētis | monēris, -re | monēris, -re | monēminī | monēminī |
| monet | monent | monētur | monētur | monentur | monentur |
| IMPERFECT ||||||
| I was advising, etc., | I was advising, etc., | I was advised, etc. | I was advised, etc. | I was advised, etc. | I was advised, etc. |
| monēbam | monēbāmus | monēbar | monēbar | monēbāmur | monēbāmur |
| monēbās | monēbātis | monēbāris, -re | monēbāris, -re | monēbāminī | monēbāminī |
| monēbat | monēbant | monēbātur | monēbātur | monēbāntur | monēbāntur |
| FUTURE ||||||
| I shall advise, etc., | I shall advise, etc., | I shall be advised, etc. | I shall be advised, etc. | I shall be advised, etc. | I shall be advised, etc. |
| monēbō | monēbimus | monēbor | monēbor | monēbimur | monēbimur |
| monēbis | monēbitis | monēberis, -re | monēberis, -re | monēbiminī | monēbiminī |
| monēbit | monēbunt | monēbitur | monēbitur | monēbuntur | monēbuntur |
| PERFECT ||||||
| I have advised, I advised, etc. | I have advised, I advised, etc. | I have been (was) advised, etc. | I have been (was) advised, etc. | I have been (was) advised, etc. | I have been (was) advised, etc. |
| monuī | monuimus | monitus, -a, -um | sum | monitī, -ae, -a | sumus |
| monuistī | monuistis | monitus, -a, -um | es | monitī, -ae, -a | estis |
| monuit | monuērunt, -re | monitus, -a, -um | est | monitī, -ae, -a | sunt |
| PLUPERFECT ||||||
| I had advised, etc., | I had advised, etc., | I had been advised, etc. | I had been advised, etc. | I had been advised, etc. | I had been advised, etc. |
| monueram | monuerāmus | monitus, -a, -um | eram | monitī, -ae, -a | erāmus |
| monuerās | monuerātis | monitus, -a, -um | eras | monitī, -ae, -a | eratis |
| monuerat | monuerant | monitus, -a, -um | erat | monitī, -ae, -a | erant |
| FUTURE PERFECT ||||||
| I shall have advised, etc. | I shall have advised, etc. | I shall have been advised, etc. | I shall have been advised, etc. | I shall have been advised, etc. | I shall have been advised, etc. |
| monuerō | monuerimus | monitus, -a, -um | erō | monitī, -ae, -a | erimus |
| monueris | monuerītis | monitus, -a, -um | eris | monitī, -ae, -a | eritis |
| monuerit | monuerīnt | monitus, -a, -um | erit | monitī, -ae, -a | erunt |
SUBJUNCTIVE :
| PRESENT ||||||
| moneam | moneāmus | monear | monear | moneāmur | moneāmur |
| moneās | moneātis | moneāris, -re | moneāris, -re | moneāminī | moneāminī |
| moneat | moneant | moneātur | moneātur | moneantur | moneantur |
| IMPERFECT ||||||
| monērem | monērēmus | monērer | monērer | monērēmur | monērēmur |
| monērēs | monērētis | monērēris, -re | monērēris, -re | monērēminī | monērēminī |
| monēret | monērent | monērētur | monērētur | monērentur | monērentur |
| PERFECT ||||||
| monuerim | monuerimus | monitus, -a, -um | sim | monitī, -ae, -a | sīmus |
| monueris | monueritis | monitus, -a, -um | sīs | monitī, -ae, -a | sītis |
| monuerit | monuerint | monitus, -a, -um | sit | monitī, -ae, -a | sint |
| PLUPERFECT ||||||
| monuissem | monuissēmus | monitus, -a, -um | essem | monitī, -ae, -a | essēmus |
| monuissēs | monuissētis | monitus, -a, -um | essēs | monitī, -ae, -a | essētis |
| monuisset | monuissent | monitus, -a, -um | esset | monitī, -ae, -a | essent |
| IMPERATIVE ||||||
| PRESENT ||||||
| monē, advise thou | monē, advise thou | monēre, be thou advised | monēre, be thou advised | monēre, be thou advised | monēre, be thou advised |
| monēte, advise ye | monēte, advise ye | monēminī, be ye advised | monēminī, be ye advised | monēminī, be ye advised | monēminī, be ye advised |
| FUTURE ||||||
| monētō, thou shall advise | monētō, thou shall advise | monētor, thou shalt be advised | monētor, thou shalt be advised | monētor, thou shalt be advised | monētor, thou shalt be advised |
| monētō, he shall advise | monētō, he shall advise | monētor, he shall be advised | monētor, he shall be advised | monētor, he shall be advised | monētor, he shall be advised |
| monētōte, you shall advise | monētōte, you shall advise | —— | —— | —— | —— |
| monentō, they shall advise | monentō, they shall advise | monentor, they shall be advised | monentor, they shall be advised | monentor, they shall be advised | monentor, they shall be advised |
| INFINITIVE ||||||
| Pres. monēre, to advise | Pres. monēre, to advise | monērī, to be advised | monērī, to be advised | monērī, to be advised | monērī, to be advised |
| Perf. monuisse, to have advised | Perf. monuisse, to have advised | monitus, -a, -um esse, to have been advised | monitus, -a, -um esse, to have been advised | monitus, -a, -um esse, to have been advised | monitus, -a, -um esse, to have been advised |
| Fut. monitūrus, -a, -um esse, to be about to advise | Fut. monitūrus, -a, -um esse, to be about to advise | [monitum īrī], to be about to be advised | [monitum īrī], to be about to be advised | [monitum īrī], to be about to be advised | [monitum īrī], to be about to be advised |
| PARTICIPLES ||||||
| Pres. monēns, -entis, advising | Pres. monēns, -entis, advising | Pres. —— | Pres. —— | Pres. —— | Pres. —— |
| Fut. monitūrus, -a, -um, about to advise | Fut. monitūrus, -a, -um, about to advise | Ger. monendus, -a, -um, to be advised | Ger. monendus, -a, -um, to be advised | Ger. monendus, -a, -um, to be advised | Ger. monendus, -a, -um, to be advised |
| Perf. —— | Perf. —— | Perf. monitus, -a, -um, having been advised, advised | Perf. monitus, -a, -um, having been advised, advised | Perf. monitus, -a, -um, having been advised, advised | Perf. monitus, -a, -um, having been advised, advised |
| GERUND | GERUND | | | | |
| Nom. —— | Nom. —— | SUPINE (Active Voice) | SUPINE (Active Voice) | SUPINE (Active Voice) | SUPINE (Active Voice) |
| Gen. monendī, of advising | Gen. monendī, of advising | Acc. [monitum], to advise | Acc. [monitum], to advise | Acc. [monitum], to advise | Acc. [monitum], to advise |
| Dat. monendō, for advising | Dat. monendō, for advising | Abl. [monitū], to advise, in the advising | Abl. [monitū], to advise, in the advising | Abl. [monitū], to advise, in the advising | Abl. [monitū], to advise, in the advising |
| Acc. monendum, advising | Acc. monendum, advising | | | | |
| Abl. monendō, by advising | Abl. monendō, by advising | | | | |
THIRD CONJUGATION. Ĕ-VERBS. REGŌ
Principal Parts
regō, regere, rexī, rēctus :
| Pres. Stem rege-  Perf. Stem rēx-  Part. Stem rēct- ||||||
| ACTIVE | ACTIVE | PASSIVE | PASSIVE | PASSIVE | PASSIVE |
| INDICATIVE ||||||
| PRESENT ||||||
| I rule, etc. | I rule, etc. | I am ruled, etc. | I am ruled, etc. | I am ruled, etc. | I am ruled, etc. |
| regō | regimus | re´gor | re´gor | re´gimur | re´gimur |
| regis | regitis | re´geris, -re | re´geris, -re | regi´minī | regi´minī |
| regit | regunt | re´gitur | re´gitur | regun´tur | regun´tur |
| IMPERFECT ||||||
| I was ruling, etc. | I was ruling, etc. | I was ruled, etc. | I was ruled, etc. | I was ruled, etc. | I was ruled, etc. |
| regēbam | regēbāmus | regē´bar | regē´bar | regēbā´mur | regēbā´mur |
| regēbās | regēbātis | regēbā´ris, -re | regēbā´ris, -re | regēbā´minī | regēbā´minī |
| regēbat | regēbant | regēbā´tur | regēbā´tur | regēban´tur | regēban´tur |
| FUTURE ||||||
| I shall rule, etc. | I shall rule, etc. | I shall be ruled, etc. | I shall be ruled, etc. | I shall be ruled, etc. | I shall be ruled, etc. |
| regam | regēmus | re´gar | re´gar | regē´mur | regē´mur |
| regēs | regētis | regē´ris, -re | regē´ris, -re | regē´minī | regē´minī |
| reget | regent | regē´tur | regē´tur | regen´tur | regen´tur |
| PERFECT ||||||
| I have ruled, etc. | I have ruled, etc. | I have been ruled, etc. | I have been ruled, etc. | I have been ruled, etc. | I have been ruled, etc. |
| rēxī | rēximus | rēctus, -a, -um | sum | rēctī, -ae, -a | sumus |
| rēxistī | rēxistis | rēctus, -a, -um | es | rēctī, -ae, -a | estis |
| rēxit | rēxērunt, -re | rēctus, -a, -um | est | rēctī, -ae, -a | sunt |
| PLUPERFECT ||||||
| I had ruled, etc. | I had ruled, etc. | I had been ruled, etc. | I had been ruled, etc. | I had been ruled, etc. | I had been ruled, etc. |
| rēxeram | rēxerāmus | rēctus, -a, -um | eram | rēctī, -ae, -a | erāmus |
| rēxerās | rēxerātis | rēctus, -a, -um | erās | rēctī, -ae, -a | erātis |
| rēxerat | rēxerant | rēctus, -a, -um | erat | rēctī, -ae, -a | erant |
| FUTURE PERFECT ||||||
| I shall have ruled, etc. | I shall have ruled, etc. | I shall have been ruled, etc. | I shall have been ruled, etc. | I shall have been ruled, etc. | I shall have been ruled, etc. |
| rēxerō | rēxerimus | rēctus, -a, -um | erō | rēctī, -ae, -a | erimus |
| rēxeris | rēxeritis | rēctus, -a, -um | eris | rēctī, -ae, -a | eritis |
| rēxerit | rēxerint | rēctus, -a, -um | erit | rēctī, -ae, -a | erunt |
SUBJUNCTIVE :
| PRESENT ||||||
| regam | regāmus | regar | regar | regāmur | regāmur |
| regās | regātis | regāris, -re | regāris, -re | regāminī | regāminī |
| regat | regant | regātur | regātur | regantur | regantur |
| IMPERFECT ||||||
| regerem | regerēmus | regerer | regerer | regerēmur | regerēmur |
| regerēs | regerētis | regerēris, -re | regerēris, -re | regerēminī | regerēminī |
| regeret | regerent | regerētur | regerētur | regerentur | regerentur |
| PERFECT ||||||
| rēxerim | rēxerimus | rēctus, -a, -um | sim | rēctī, -ae, -a | sīmus |
| rēxeris | rēxeritis | rēctus, -a, -um | sīs | rēctī, -ae, -a | sītis |
| rēxerit | rēxerint | rēctus, -a, -um | sit | rēctī, -ae, -a | sint |
| PLUPERFECT ||||||
| rēxissem | rēxissēmus | rēctus, -a, -um | essem | rēctī, -ae, -a | essēmus |
| rēxissēs | rēxissētis | rēctus, -a, -um | essēs | rēctī, -ae, -a | essētis |
| rēxisset | rēxissent | rēctus, -a, -um | esset | rēctī, -ae, -a | essent |
| IMPERATIVE ||||||
| PRESENT ||||||
| rege, rule thou | rege, rule thou | regere, be thou ruled | regere, be thou ruled | regere, be thou ruled | regere, be thou ruled |
| regite, rule ye | regite, rule ye | regiminī, be ye ruled | regiminī, be ye ruled | regiminī, be ye ruled | regiminī, be ye ruled |
| FUTURE ||||||
| regitō, thou shalt rule | regitō, thou shalt rule | regitor, thou shalt be ruled | regitor, thou shalt be ruled | regitor, thou shalt be ruled | regitor, thou shalt be ruled |
| regitō he shall rule | regitō he shall rule | regitor, he shall be ruled | regitor, he shall be ruled | regitor, he shall be ruled | regitor, he shall be ruled |
| regitōte, ye shall rule | regitōte, ye shall rule | —— | —— | —— | —— |
| reguntō, they shall rule | reguntō, they shall rule | reguntor, they shall be ruled | reguntor, they shall be ruled | reguntor, they shall be ruled | reguntor, they shall be ruled |
| INFINITIVE ||||||
| Pres. regere, to rule | Pres. regere, to rule | regī, to be ruled | regī, to be ruled | regī, to be ruled | regī, to be ruled |
| Perf. rēxisse, to have ruled | Perf. rēxisse, to have ruled | rēctus, -a, -um esse, to have been ruled | rēctus, -a, -um esse, to have been ruled | rēctus, -a, -um esse, to have been ruled | rēctus, -a, -um esse, to have been ruled |
| Fut.rēctūrus, -a, -um esse, to be about to rule | Fut.rēctūrus, -a, -um esse, to be about to rule | [rēctum īrī], to be about to be ruled | [rēctum īrī], to be about to be ruled | [rēctum īrī], to be about to be ruled | [rēctum īrī], to be about to be ruled |
| PARTICIPLES ||||||
| Pres. regēns, -entis, ruling | Pres. regēns, -entis, ruling | Pres. —— | Pres. —— | Pres. —— | Pres. —— |
| Fut. rēctūrus, -a, -um, about to rule | Fut. rēctūrus, -a, -um, about to rule | Ger. regendus, -a, -um, to be ruled | Ger. regendus, -a, -um, to be ruled | Ger. regendus, -a, -um, to be ruled | Ger. regendus, -a, -um, to be ruled |
| Perf. —— | Perf. —— | Perf. rēctus, -a, -um, having been ruled, ruled | Perf. rēctus, -a, -um, having been ruled, ruled | Perf. rēctus, -a, -um, having been ruled, ruled | Perf. rēctus, -a, -um, having been ruled, ruled |
| GERUND | GERUND | | | | |
| Nom. —— | Nom. —— | SUPINE (Active Voice) | SUPINE (Active Voice) | SUPINE (Active Voice) | SUPINE (Active Voice) |
| Gen. regendī, of ruling | Gen. regendī, of ruling | Acc [rēctum], to rule | Acc [rēctum], to rule | Acc [rēctum], to rule | Acc [rēctum], to rule |
| Dat. regendō, for ruling | Dat. regendō, for ruling | Abl. [rēctū], to rule, in the ruling | Abl. [rēctū], to rule, in the ruling | Abl. [rēctū], to rule, in the ruling | Abl. [rēctū], to rule, in the ruling |
| Acc. regendum, ruling | Acc. regendum, ruling | | | | |
| Abl. regendō, by ruling | Abl. regendō, by ruling | | | | |
FOURTH CONJUGATION. Ī-VERBS. AUDIŌ
Principal Parts
audiō, audīre, audīvī, audītus :
| Pres. Stem audī-  Perf. Stem audīv-  Part. Stem audīt- ||||||
| ACTIVE | ACTIVE | PASSIVE | PASSIVE | PASSIVE | PASSIVE |
| INDICATIVE ||||||
| PRESENT ||||||
| I hear, etc. | I hear, etc. | I am heard, etc. | I am heard, etc. | I am heard, etc. | I am heard, etc. |
| audiō | audīmus | au´dior | au´dior | audī´mur | audī´mur |
| audīs | audītis | audī´ris, -re | audī´ris, -re | audī´minī | audī´minī |
| audit | audiunt | audī´tur | audī´tur | audiun´tur | audiun´tur |
| IMPERFECT ||||||
| I was hearing, etc. | I was hearing, etc. | I was heard, etc. | I was heard, etc. | I was heard, etc. | I was heard, etc. |
| audiēbam | audiēbāmus | audiē´bar | audiē´bar | audiēbā´mur | audiēbā´mur |
| audiēbās | audiēbātis | audiēbā´ris, -re | audiēbā´ris, -re | audiēbā´minī | audiēbā´minī |
| audiēbat | audiēbant | audiēbā´tur | audiēbā´tur | audiēban´tur | audiēban´tur |
| FUTURE ||||||
| I shall hear, etc. | I shall hear, etc. | I shall be heard, etc. | I shall be heard, etc. | I shall be heard, etc. | I shall be heard, etc. |
| audiam | audiēmus | au´diar | au´diar | audiē´mur | audiē´mur |
| audiēs | audiētis | audiē´ris, -re | audiē´ris, -re | audiē´minī | audiē´minī |
| audiet | audient | audiē´tur | audiē´tur | audien´tur | audien´tur |
| PERFECT ||||||
| I have heard, etc. | I have heard, etc. | I have been heard, etc. | I have been heard, etc. | I have been heard, etc. | I have been heard, etc. |
| audīvī | audīvimus | audītus, -a, -um | sum | audītī, -ae, -a | sumus |
| audīvistī | audīvistis | audītus, -a, -um | es | audītī, -ae, -a | estis |
| audīvit | audīvērunt, -re | audītus, -a, -um | est | audītī, -ae, -a | sunt |
| PLUPERFECT ||||||
| I had heard, etc. | I had heard, etc. | I had been heard, etc. | I had been heard, etc. | I had been heard, etc. | I had been heard, etc. |
| audīveram | audīverāmus | audītus, -a, -um | eram | audītī, -ae, -a | erāmus |
| audīverās | audīverātis | audītus, -a, -um | erās | audītī, -ae, -a | erātis |
| audīverat | audīverant | audītus, -a, -um | erat | audītī, -ae, -a | erant |
| FUTURE PERFECT ||||||
| I shall have heard, etc. | I shall have heard, etc. | I shall have been heard, etc. | I shall have been heard, etc. | I shall have been heard, etc. | I shall have been heard, etc. |
| audīverō | audīverimus | audītus, -a, -um | erō | audītī, -ae, -a | erimus |
| audīveris | audīveritis | audītus, -a, -um | eris | audītī, -ae, -a | eritis |
| audīverit | audīverint | audītus, -a, -um | erit | audītī, -ae, -a | erunt |
SUBJUNCTIVE :
| PRESENT ||||||
| audiam | audiāmus | audiar | audiar | audiāmur | audiāmur |
| audiās | audiātis | audiāris, -re | audiāris, -re | audiāminī | audiāminī |
| audiat | audiant | audiātur | audiātur | audiantur | audiantur |
| IMPERFECT ||||||
| audīrem | audīrēmus | audīrer | audīrer | audīrēmur | audīrēmur |
| audīrēs | audīrētis | audīrēris, -re | audīrēris, -re | audīrēminī | audīrēminī |
| audīret | audīrent | audīrētur | audīrētur | audīrentur | audīrentur |
| PERFECT ||||||
| audīverim | audiverimus | audītus, -a, -um | sim | audītī, -ae, -a | sīmus |
| audīveris | audiveritis | audītus, -a, -um | sīs | audītī, -ae, -a | sītis |
| audīverit | audīverint | audītus, -a, -um | sit | audītī, -ae, -a | sint |
| PLUPERFECT ||||||
| audīvissem | audīvissēmus | audītus, -a, -um | essem | audītī, -ae, -a | essēmus |
| audīvissēs | audīvissētis | audītus, -a, -um | essēs | audītī, -ae, -a | essētis |
| audīvisset | audīvissent | audītus, -a, -um | esset | audītī, -ae, -a | essent |
| IMPERATIVE ||||||
| PRESENT ||||||
| audī, hear thou | audī, hear thou | audīre, be thou heard | audīre, be thou heard | audīre, be thou heard | audīre, be thou heard |
| audīte, hear ye | audīte, hear ye | audīminī, be ye heard | audīminī, be ye heard | audīminī, be ye heard | audīminī, be ye heard |
| FUTURE ||||||
| audītō, thou shalt hear | audītō, thou shalt hear | audītor, thou shalt be heard | audītor, thou shalt be heard | audītor, thou shalt be heard | audītor, thou shalt be heard |
| audītō, he shall hear | audītō, he shall hear | audītor, he shall be heard | audītor, he shall be heard | audītor, he shall be heard | audītor, he shall be heard |
| audītōte, ye shall hear | audītōte, ye shall hear | —— | —— | —— | —— |
| audiuntō, they shall hear | audiuntō, they shall hear | audiuntor, they shall be heard | audiuntor, they shall be heard | audiuntor, they shall be heard | audiuntor, they shall be heard |
| INFINITIVE ||||||
| Pres. audīre, to hear | Pres. audīre, to hear | audīrī, to be heard | audīrī, to be heard | audīrī, to be heard | audīrī, to be heard |
| audīvisse, to have heard | audīvisse, to have heard | audītus, -a, -um esse, to have been heard | audītus, -a, -um esse, to have been heard | audītus, -a, -um esse, to have been heard | audītus, -a, -um esse, to have been heard |
| audītūrus, -a, -um esse, to be about to hear | audītūrus, -a, -um esse, to be about to hear | [audītum īrī, to be about to be heard | [audītum īrī, to be about to be heard | [audītum īrī, to be about to be heard | [audītum īrī, to be about to be heard |
| PARTICIPLES ||||||
| Pres. audiēns, -entis, hearing | Pres. audiēns, -entis, hearing | Pres. —— | Pres. —— | Pres. —— | Pres. —— |
| Fut. audītūrus, -a, -um, about to hear | Fut. audītūrus, -a, -um, about to hear | Ger. audiendus, -a, -um to be heard | Ger. audiendus, -a, -um to be heard | Ger. audiendus, -a, -um to be heard | Ger. audiendus, -a, -um to be heard |
| Perf. —— | Perf. —— | Perf. audītus, -a, -um, having been heard, heard | Perf. audītus, -a, -um, having been heard, heard | Perf. audītus, -a, -um, having been heard, heard | Perf. audītus, -a, -um, having been heard, heard |
| GERUND | GERUND | | | | |
| Nom. —— | Nom. —— | SUPINE (Active Voice) | SUPINE (Active Voice) | SUPINE (Active Voice) | SUPINE (Active Voice) |
| Gen. audiendī, of hearing | Gen. audiendī, of hearing | Acc. [audītum], to hear | Acc. [audītum], to hear | Acc. [audītum], to hear | Acc. [audītum], to hear |
| Dat. audiendō, for hearing | Dat. audiendō, for hearing | Abl. [audītu], to hear, in the hearing | Abl. [audītu], to hear, in the hearing | Abl. [audītu], to hear, in the hearing | Abl. [audītu], to hear, in the hearing |
| Acc. audiendum, hearing | Acc. audiendum, hearing | | | | |
| Abl. audiendō, by hearing | Abl. audiendō, by hearing | | | | |
THIRD CONJUGATION. VERBS IN -IŌ. CAPIŌ
Principal Parts
capiō, capere, cēpī, captus :
| Pres. Stem cape-  Perf. Stem cēp-  Part. Stem capt- ||||
| ACTIVE | ACTIVE | PASSIVE | PASSIVE |
| INDICATIVE ||||
| PRESENT ||||
| capiō | capimus | ca´pior | ca´pimur |
| capis | capitis | ca´peris, -re | capi´minī |
| capit | capiunt | ca´pitur | capiun´tur |
| IMPERFECT ||||
| capiēbam | capiebamus | capiē´bar | capiēbā´mur |
| capiēbas | capiēbātis | capiēba´ris, -re | capiēbā´minī |
| capiēbat | capiēbant | capiēbā´tur | capieban´tur |
| FUTURE ||||
| capiam | capiēmus | ca´piar | capiē´mur |
| capiēs | capiētis | capiē´ris, -re | capiē´minī |
| capiet | capient | capiē´tur | capien´tur |
| PERFECT ||||
| cēpī, cēpistī, cēpit, etc. | cēpī, cēpistī, cēpit, etc. | captus, -a, -um sum, es, est, etc. | captus, -a, -um sum, es, est, etc. |
| PLUPERFECT ||||
| cēperam, cēperās, cēperat, etc. | cēperam, cēperās, cēperat, etc. | captus, -a, -um eram, erās, erat, etc. | captus, -a, -um eram, erās, erat, etc. |
| FUTURE PERFECT ||||
| cēperō, cēperis, cēperit, etc. | cēperō, cēperis, cēperit, etc. | captus, -a, -um erō, eris, erit, etc. | captus, -a, -um erō, eris, erit, etc. |
| SUBJUNCTIVE ||||
| PRESENT ||||
| capiam, capiās, capiat, etc. | capiam, capiās, capiat, etc. | capiar, -iāris, -re, -iātur, etc. | capiar, -iāris, -re, -iātur, etc. |
| IMPERFECT ||||
| caperem, caperēs, caperet, etc. | caperem, caperēs, caperet, etc. | caperer, -erēris, -re, -erētur, etc. | caperer, -erēris, -re, -erētur, etc. |
| PERFECT ||||
| cēperim, cēperis, cēperit, etc. | cēperim, cēperis, cēperit, etc. | captus, -a, -um sim, sīs, sit, etc. | captus, -a, -um sim, sīs, sit, etc. |
| PLUPERFECT ||||
| cēpissem, cēpissēs, cēpisset, etc. | cēpissem, cēpissēs, cēpisset, etc. | captus,-a, -um essem, essēs, esset, etc. | captus,-a, -um essem, essēs, esset, etc. |
| IMPERATIVE ||||
| PRESENT ||||
| 2d Pers. cape | capite | capere | capiminī |
FUTURE :
| 2d Pers. capitō | capitōte | capitor | —— |
| 3rd Pers. capitō | capiuntō | capitor | capiuntor |
| INFINITIVE ||||
| Pres. capere | Pres. capere | capī | capī |
| Perf. cēpisse | Perf. cēpisse | captus, -a, -um esse | captus, -a, -um esse |
| Fut. captūrus, -a, -um esse | Fut. captūrus, -a, -um esse | [captum īrī] | [captum īrī] |
| PARTICIPLES ||||
| Pres. capiēns, -ientis | Pres. capiēns, -ientis | Pres. —— | Pres. —— |
| Fut. captūrus, -a, -um | Fut. captūrus, -a, -um | Ger. capiendus, -a, -um | Ger. capiendus, -a, -um |
| Perf. —— | Perf. —— | Perf. captus, -a, -um | Perf. captus, -a, -um |
| GERUND | GERUND | SUPINE (Active Voice) | SUPINE (Active Voice) |
| Gen. capiendī | Gen. capiendī | Acc. [captum] | Acc. [captum] |
| etc. | etc. | Abl. [captū] | Abl. [captū] |
493.
DEPONENT VERBS
| Principal Parts | I. | hortor, hortārī, hortātus sum, urge |
| Principal Parts | II. | vereor, verērī, veritus sum, fear |
| Principal Parts | III. | sequor, sequī, secūtus sum, follow |
| Principal Parts | IV. | partior, partīrī, partītus sum, share, divide |
Note. In addition to the passive conjugation, deponent verbs use certain forms from the active. These are marked with a star. Deponent -iō verbs of the third conjugation are inflected like the passive of capiō.
Indicative :
| Pres. | hortor | vereor | sequor | partior |
| | hortāris, -re | verēris, -re | sequeris, -re | partīris, -re |
| | hortātur | verētur | sequitur | partītur |
| | hortāmur | verēmur | sequimur | partīmur |
| | hortāminī | verēminī | sequiminī | partīminī |
| | hortantur | verentur | sequuntur | partiuntur |
| Impf. | hortābar | verēbar | sequēbar | partiēbar |
| Fut. | hortābor | verēbor | sequar | partiar |
| Perf. | hortātus sum | veritus sum | secūtus sum | partītus sum |
| Plup. | hortātus eram | veritus eram | secūtus eram | partītus eram |
| F. P. | hortātus erō | veritus erō | secūtus erō | partītus erō |
254
Subjunctive :
| Pres. | horter | verear | sequar | partiar |
| Impf. | hortārer | verērer | sequerer | partīrer |
| Perf. | hortātus sim | veritus sim | secūtus sim | partītus sim |
| Plup. | hortātus essem | veritus essem | secūtus essem | partītus essem |
| Imperative |||||
| Pres. | hortāre | verēre | sequere | partīre |
| Fut. | hortātor | verētor | sequitor | partītor |
| Infinitive |||||
| Pres. | hortārī | verērī | sequī | partīrī |
| Perf. | hortātus esse | veritus esse | secūtus esse | partītus esse |
| Fut. | *hortātūrus esse | *veritūrus esse | *secūtūrus esse | *partītūrus esse |
| Participles |||||
| Pres. | *hortāns | *verēns | *sequēns | *partiēns |
| Fut. | *hortāturus | *veritūrus | *secūtūrus | *partītūrus |
| Perf. | hortātus | veritus | secūtus | partītus |
| Ger. | hortandus | verendus | sequendus | partiendus |
| Gerund |||||
| | *hortandī, etc. | *verendī, etc. | *sequendī, etc. | *partiendī, etc. |
| Supine |||||
| | *[hortātus, -tū] | *[veritum, -tū] | *[secūtum, -tū] | *[partītum, -tū] |

##### IRREGULAR VERBS

494. sum, am, be
Principal Parts
sum, esse, fuī, futūrus :
| Pres. Stem es-  Perf. Stem fu-  Part. Stem fut- ||||
| Indicative ||||
| Present ||||
| SINGULAR | SINGULAR | PLURAL | PLURAL |
| sum, I am | sum, I am | sumus, we are | sumus, we are |
| es, thou art | es, thou art | estis, you are | estis, you are |
| est, he (she, it) is | est, he (she, it) is | sunt, they are | sunt, they are |
| Imperfect ||||
| eram, I was | eram, I was | erāmus, we were | erāmus, we were |
| erās, thou wast | erās, thou wast | erātis, you were | erātis, you were |
| erat, he was | erat, he was | erant, they were | erant, they were |
Future :
| erō, I shall be | erō, I shall be | erimus, we shall be | erimus, we shall be |
| eris, thou wilt be | eris, thou wilt be | eritis, you will be | eritis, you will be |
| erit, he will be | erit, he will be | erunt, they will be | erunt, they will be |
| Perfect ||||
| fuī, I have been, was | fuī, I have been, was | fuimus, we have been, were | fuimus, we have been, were |
| fuistī, thou hast been, wast | fuistī, thou hast been, wast | fuistis, you have been, were | fuistis, you have been, were |
| fuit, he has been, was | fuit, he has been, was | fuērunt, fuēre, they have been, were | fuērunt, fuēre, they have been, were |
| Pluperfect ||||
| fueram, I had been | fueram, I had been | fuerāmus, we had been | fuerāmus, we had been |
| fuerās, thou hadst been | fuerās, thou hadst been | fuerātis, you had been | fuerātis, you had been |
| fuerat, he had been | fuerat, he had been | fuerant, they had been | fuerant, they had been |
| Future Perfect ||||
| fuerō, I shall have been | fuerō, I shall have been | fuerimus, we shall have been | fuerimus, we shall have been |
| fueris, thou wilt have been | fueris, thou wilt have been | fueritis, you will have been | fueritis, you will have been |
| fuerit, he will have been | fuerit, he will have been | fuerint, they will have been | fuerint, they will have been |
| Subjunctive ||||
| Present | Present | Imperfect | Imperfect |
| SINGULAR | PLURAL | SINGULAR | PLURAL |
| sim | sīmus | essem | essēmus |
| sīs | sītis | essēs | essētis |
| sit | sint | esset | essent |
| Perfect | Perfect | Pluperfect | Pluperfect |
| fuerim | fuerimus | fuissem | fuissēmus |
| fueris | fueritis | fuissēs | fuissētis |
| fuerit | fuerint | fuisset | fuissent |
| Imperative ||||
| PRESENT | PRESENT | FUTURE | FUTURE |
| 2d Pers. Sing. es, be thou | 2d Pers. Sing. es, be thou | 2d Pers. Sing. estō, thou shalt be | 2d Pers. Sing. estō, thou shalt be |
| 2d Pers. Plur. este, be ye | 2d Pers. Plur. este, be ye | 3d Pers. Sing. estō, he shall be | 3d Pers. Sing. estō, he shall be |
| 2d Pers. Plur. estōte, ye shall be 3d Pers. Plur. suntō, they shall be | 2d Pers. Plur. estōte, ye shall be 3d Pers. Plur. suntō, they shall be | | |
| Infinitive | Infinitive | Participle | Participle |
| Pres. esse, to be | Pres. esse, to be | | |
| Perf. fuisse, to have been | Perf. fuisse, to have been | | |
| Fut. futūrus, -a, -um esse or fore, to be about to be | Fut. futūrus, -a, -um esse or fore, to be about to be | futūrus, -a, -um, about to be | futūrus, -a, -um, about to be |
| | Principal Parts possum, posse, potuī, —— | Principal Parts possum, posse, potuī, —— | Principal Parts possum, posse, potuī, —— | Principal Parts possum, posse, potuī, —— |
| | Indicative | Indicative | Subjunctive | Subjunctive |
| | SINGULAR | PLURAL | SINGULAR | PLURAL |
| Pres. | possum | pos´sumus | possim | possī´mus |
| | potes | potes´tis | possīs | possī´tis |
| | potest | possunt | possit | possint |
| Impf. | poteram | poterāmus | possem | possē´mus |
| Fut. | poterō | poterimus | —— | —— |
| Perf. | potuī | potuimus | potuerim | potuerimus |
| Plup. | potueram | potuerāmus | potuissem | potuissēmus |
| F. P. | potuerō | potuerimus | —— | —— |
| | Infinitive | Infinitive | Infinitive | Infinitive |
| | Pres. posse | Pres. posse | Perf. potuisse | Perf. potuisse |
| | Participle | Participle | Participle | Participle |
| | Pres. potens, gen. -entis, (adjective) powerful | Pres. potens, gen. -entis, (adjective) powerful | Pres. potens, gen. -entis, (adjective) powerful | Pres. potens, gen. -entis, (adjective) powerful |
496. prōsum, benefit
| | Principal Parts prōsum, prōdesse, prōfuī, prōfutūrus | Principal Parts prōsum, prōdesse, prōfuī, prōfutūrus | Principal Parts prōsum, prōdesse, prōfuī, prōfutūrus | Principal Parts prōsum, prōdesse, prōfuī, prōfutūrus |
| | Pres. Stem prōdes-  Perf. Stem prōfu-  Part. Stem prōfut- | Pres. Stem prōdes-  Perf. Stem prōfu-  Part. Stem prōfut- | Pres. Stem prōdes-  Perf. Stem prōfu-  Part. Stem prōfut- | Pres. Stem prōdes-  Perf. Stem prōfu-  Part. Stem prōfut- |
| | Indicative | Indicative | Subjunctive | Subjunctive |
| | SINGULAR | PLURAL | SINGULAR | PLURAL |
| Pres. | prōsum | prō´sumus | prōsim | prōsī´mus |
| | prōdes | prōdes´tis | prōsīs | prōsī´tis |
| | prōdest | prōsunt | prōsit | prōsint |
| Impf. | prōderam | prōderāmus | prōdessem | prodessē´mus |
| Fut. | prōderō | prōderimus | —— | —— |
| Perf. | prōfuī | prōfuimus | prōfuerim | prōfuerimus |
| Plup. | prōfueram | prōfuerāmus | prōfuissem | prōfuissēmus |
| F. P. | prōfuerō | prōfuerimus | —— | —— |
| | Imperative | Imperative | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Pres. 2d Pers. prōdes, prōdeste | Pres. 2d Pers. prōdes, prōdeste | Fut. 2d Pers. prōdestō, prōdestōte | Fut. 2d Pers. prōdestō, prōdestōte |
| | Infinitive | Infinitive | Infinitive | Infinitive |
| Pres. prōdesse | Pres. prōdesse | Perf. prōfuisse | Fut. prōfutūrus, -a, -um esse | Fut. prōfutūrus, -a, -um esse |
| | Future Participle prōfutūrus, -a, -um | Future Participle prōfutūrus, -a, -um | Future Participle prōfutūrus, -a, -um | Future Participle prōfutūrus, -a, -um |
| Principal Parts | volō, velle, voluī, ——, be willing, will, wish nōlō, nōlle, nōluī, ——, be unwilling, will not mālō, mālle, māluī, ——, be more willing, prefer |
Nōlō and mālō are compounds of volō. Nōlō is for ne (not) + volō, and mālō for mā (from magis, more) + volō. The second person vīs is from a different root.
Indicative :
| SINGULAR ||||
| Pres. | volō | nōlō | mālō |
| | vīs | nōn vis | māvīs |
| | vult | nōn vult | māvult |
| PLURAL ||||
| | volumus | nōlumus | mālumus |
| | vultis | nōn vultis | māvul´tis |
| | volunt | nōlunt | mālunt |
| Impf. | volēbam | nōlēbam | mālēbam |
| Fut. | volam, volēs, etc. | nōlam, nōlēs, etc. | mālam, mālēs, etc. |
| Perf. | voluī | nōluī | māluī |
| Plup. | volueram | nōlueram | mālueram |
| F. P. | voluerō | nōluerō | māluerō |
| Subjunctive ||||
| SINGULAR ||||
| Pres. | velim | nōlim | mālim |
| | velīs | nōlīs | mālīs |
| | velit | nōlit | mālit |
| PLURAL ||||
| | velī´mus | nōlī´mus | mālī´mus |
| | velī´tis | nōlī´tis | mālī´tis |
| | velint | nōlint | mālint |
| Impf. | vellem | nōllem | māllem |
| Perf. | voluerim | nōluerim | māluerim |
| Plup. | voluissem | nōluissem | māluissem |
| Imperative ||||
| Pres. | —— | nōlī nōlīte | —— |
| Fut. | —— | nōlītō, etc. | —— |
Infinitive :
| Pres. | velle | nōlle | mālle |
| Perf. | voluisse | nōluisse | māluisse |
| Participle ||||
| Pres. | volēns, -entis | nōlēns, -entis | —— |
498. ferō, bear, carry, endure
| | Principal Parts ferō, ferre, tulī, lātus | Principal Parts ferō, ferre, tulī, lātus | Principal Parts ferō, ferre, tulī, lātus | Principal Parts ferō, ferre, tulī, lātus |
| | Pres. Stem fer-  Perf. Stem tul-  Part. Stem lāt- | Pres. Stem fer-  Perf. Stem tul-  Part. Stem lāt- | Pres. Stem fer-  Perf. Stem tul-  Part. Stem lāt- | Pres. Stem fer-  Perf. Stem tul-  Part. Stem lāt- |
| | Indicative | Indicative | Indicative | Indicative |
| | ACTIVE | ACTIVE | PASSIVE | PASSIVE |
| Pres. | ferō | ferimus | feror | ferimur |
| | fers | fertīs | ferris, -re | ferimimī |
| | fert | ferunt | fertur | feruntur |
| Impf. | ferēbam | ferēbam | ferēbar | ferēbar |
| Fut. | feram, ferēs, etc. | feram, ferēs, etc. | ferar, ferēris, etc. | ferar, ferēris, etc. |
| Perf. | tulī | tulī | lātus, -a, -um sum | lātus, -a, -um sum |
| Plup. | tuleram | tuleram | lātus, -a, -um eram | lātus, -a, -um eram |
| F. P. | tulerō | tulerō | lātus, -a, -um erō | lātus, -a, -um erō |
| | Subjunctive | Subjunctive | Subjunctive | Subjunctive |
| Pres. | feram, ferās, etc. | feram, ferās, etc. | ferar, ferāris, etc. | ferar, ferāris, etc. |
| Impf. | ferrem | ferrem | ferrer | ferrer |
| Perf. | tulerim | tulerim | lātus, -a, -um sim | lātus, -a, -um sim |
| Plup. | tulissem | tulissem | lātus, -a, -um essem | lātus, -a, -um essem |
| | Imperative | Imperative | Imperative | Imperative |
| Pres. 2d Pers. fer | Pres. 2d Pers. fer | ferte | ferre | feriminī |
| Fut. 2d Pers. fertō | Fut. 2d Pers. fertō | fertōte | fertor | |
| 3d Pers. fertō | 3d Pers. fertō | ferunto | fertor | feruntor |
| | Infinitive | Infinitive | Infinitive | Infinitive |
| Pres. | ferre | ferre | ferrī | ferrī |
| Perf. | tulisse | tulisse | lātus, -a, -um esse | lātus, -a, -um esse |
| Fut. | lātūrus, -a, -um esse | lātūrus, -a, -um esse | —— | —— |
| | Participles | Participles | Participles | Participles |
| Pres. | ferēns, -entis | ferēns, -entis | Pres. —— | Pres. —— |
| Fut. | lātūrus, -a, -um | lātūrus, -a, -um | Ger. ferendus, -a, -um | Ger. ferendus, -a, -um |
| Perf. | —— | —— | Perf. lātus, -a, -um | Perf. lātus, -a, -um |
| Gerund | Gerund | Supine (Active Voice) |
| Gen. ferendī | Acc. ferendum | Acc. [lātum] |
| Dat. ferendō | Abl. ferendō | Abl. [lātū] |
499. eō, go
| | Principal Parts eō, īre, iī (īvī), ĭtum (n. perf. part.) | Principal Parts eō, īre, iī (īvī), ĭtum (n. perf. part.) | Principal Parts eō, īre, iī (īvī), ĭtum (n. perf. part.) | Principal Parts eō, īre, iī (īvī), ĭtum (n. perf. part.) | Principal Parts eō, īre, iī (īvī), ĭtum (n. perf. part.) |
| | Pres. Stem ī-  Perf. Stem ī- or īv-  Part. Stem it- | Pres. Stem ī-  Perf. Stem ī- or īv-  Part. Stem it- | Pres. Stem ī-  Perf. Stem ī- or īv-  Part. Stem it- | Pres. Stem ī-  Perf. Stem ī- or īv-  Part. Stem it- | Pres. Stem ī-  Perf. Stem ī- or īv-  Part. Stem it- |
| | Indicative | Indicative | Subjunctive | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Indicative | Indicative | Subjunctive | SING. | PLUR. |
| Pres. | eō īs it | īmus ītis eunt | eam | 2d Pers. ī | īte |
| Impf. | ībam | ībam | īrem | | |
| Fut. | ībō | ībō | —— | 2d Pers. ītō 3d Pers. ītō | ītōte euntō |
| Perf. | iī (īvī) | iī (īvī) | ierim (īverim) | | |
| Plup. | ieram (īveram) | ieram (īveram) | īssem (īvissem) | | |
| F. P. | ierō (īverō) | ierō (īverō) | | | |
| | Infinitive | Infinitive | Participles | Participles | Participles | Participles |
| Pres. | īre | īre | Pres. iēns, gen. euntis (§ 472) | Pres. iēns, gen. euntis (§ 472) | Pres. iēns, gen. euntis (§ 472) | Pres. iēns, gen. euntis (§ 472) |
| Perf. | īsse (īvisse) | īsse (īvisse) | Fut. itūrus, -a, -um | Fut. itūrus, -a, -um | Fut. itūrus, -a, -um | Fut. itūrus, -a, -um |
| Fut. | itūrus, -a, -um esse | itūrus, -a, -um esse | Ger. eundum | Ger. eundum | Ger. eundum | Ger. eundum |
| | | | Gerund | Supine | Supine |
| | | | Gen. eundī | Acc. [itum] | Acc. [itum] |
| | | | Dat. eundō | Abl. [itū] | Abl. [itū] |
| | | | Acc. eundum |
| | | | Abl. eundō |
    a. The verb eō is used impersonally in the third person singular of the passive, as ītur, itum est, etc.
    b. In the perfect system the forms with v are very rare.
500. fīō, passive of faciō; be made, become, happen
| | Principal Parts fīō, fierī, factus sum | Principal Parts fīō, fierī, factus sum | Principal Parts fīō, fierī, factus sum | Principal Parts fīō, fierī, factus sum | Principal Parts fīō, fierī, factus sum |
| | Indicative | Indicative | Subjunctive | Imperative | Imperative |
| Pres. | fīō fīs fit | —— —— fīunt | fīam | 2d Pers. fī | fīte |
| Impf. | fīēbam | fīēbam | fierem | | |
| Fut. | fīam | fīam | —— | | |
Indicative
Perf. factus, -a, -um sum
Plup. factus, -a, -um eram
F. P. factus, -a, -um ero
Infinitive
Pres. fierï
Perf. factus, -a, -um esse
Fut. [factum ïrï]
Subjunctive
factus, -a, -um sim
factus, -a, -um essem
Participles
Perf. factus, -a, -um
Ger. faciendus, -a, -um
CASTRA MURO FOSSAQUE MUNIUNTUR
* ↑ qua is generally used instead of quae in the feminine nominative singular and in the neuter nominative and accusative plural.
* ↑ Sometimes called the future passive participle.
References