OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# An Ainu–English–Japanese Dictionary/Chapter I/Section VIII

Whilst studying the subject presented in this volume, the Author has been very much struck at times by the great similarity found to exist between certain Ainu and Hebrew words. And he has accordingly wondered whether or no there can be any real family connection between them. No doubt one could make no greater mistake in such a matter as this than to rely too much on mere sound. But the comparison of the words given below shows such a peculiar resemblance that it seems too much to conclude, without proof, that all is pure accident. But to be perfectly honest in the matter, and it is truth not fiction the writer is aiming at, one must add here that in so far a mere grammar is concerned no analogy has so far been found to exist between the two languages. It must not be supposed that the Author is building any theory on this matter; the words are simply ​appended and compared as being very curious examples of verbal correspondence. They are, it goes without saying, already insufficient to prove either the Ainu to be the ten lost tribes, or their language to be Semitic. Indeed, I have already stated that I believe, speaking from a study of the construction of the grammar of the langage, that it is Aryan. Whether I am right or not others must judge later.
Hebrew and Ainu words compared.
| | Heb. | | English. | Ainu | English. |
| 1. | 1 Ani, | אֲנִי | I. | Ani Káni Eáni Yáni | I. You. |
| 2. | Anoki, | אֲנֹכִי | I. | Anokai Aokai | I. You. |
| 3. | Av, | אָב | Father. | Abo, Habo, | In some places “father” and in others “mother.” |
| [It should here be noted that in Ainu there is no v sound properly so called, the nearest approach to it being b or p. Po is often found suffixed to nouns of consanguinity, thus:—Iyapo, “father;” achapa, “uncle;” mitpo, “grandchild;” matnepo, “daughter;” yupo, “elder brother;” sapo, “elder sister;” tureshpo, “younger sister.” It is curious to remark also that the English word papa, “father,” is in Ainu, according to the law of letter changes, chacha, “uncle,” an “old man;” for in some districts pa always becames cha]. ||||||
| 4. | Akh, | אָח | Brother. | Ak, Aki, Akihi, | Younger brother. ​ |
| 5. | Arack, | אֹרַח | To travel. | Araki, | To come; approach. |
| 6. | Ba | בָּא | Come. | Paye, | To go. |
| 7. | Bara, | בָּרָא | Create. | Kara, | To make. |
| 8. | Esh, | אֵשׁ | Fire. | A, Abe | To burn. Fire. |
| [Mark the א aleph in this and the next word but one.] ||||||
| 9. | Kala | קֶלַע | To carve. | Kara, | To make. |
| 10. | Ur, | אוּר | Fire. | A, Uhui, Uchi Unchi, | To burn. Fire. |
| 11. | Enush, | אֱנוֹשׁ | A human being. | Ainu, | Man; human being. |
| 12. | Nahar, | נָהָר | River. | Nai, | River; stream. |
# An Ainu–English–Japanese Dictionary/Chapter IV

There is no article, properly so called, in the Ainu language; but the numeral adjective shine, “one,” is often used as the indefinite article a or an, as:—
    Shine Ainu, “a man.” Shine chisei, “a house.” Shine chikoikip, “an animal.”
But care must be exercised in using the word shine as an article, for when it is essential to draw attention to the fact that there is but one of a thing this numeral is used; e.g.
    Shine Ainu, “one man.” Shine shiwentep, “one woman.”
For the definite article the demonstrative adjectives are sometimes used; e.g.
    Nei guru ye, “that (the) person said.” Nei chep pirika ruwe ne, “that (the) fish is good.” Toan kambi koro wa ek, “bring that (the) letter.”
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/sondern

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​ sondern, vb., ‘to separate, sever,’ from the equiv. MidHG. sundern, OHG. suntarôn; sondern, conj., ‘but,’ from MidHG. suntern, a variant of sunder, ‘but, meanwhile.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/sonst

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/sonst | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ sonst, adv., ‘else, otherwise, formerly,’ from MidHG. sunst, sust, earlier MidHG. and OHG. sus, ‘thus’ (the change in meaning from ‘thus’ to ‘else’ is generally explained by the ellipse of a negative particle). OHG. and OSax. sus, Du. zus, ‘thus,’ seem to be of the same stem as OHG. and MidHG. sô.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/sparen

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​ sparen, vb., ‘to save, economise, lay up,’ from MidHG. sparn, OHG. sparôn, ‘to save, spare, preserve, lay up,’ Denomin. of OHG. spar, ‘thrifty’ (AS. spœr, for which sparsam, ‘thrifty,’ first occurs in ModHG.; MidHG. spęrlîche, ‘in a frugal manner,’ is the corresponding adv., but it was changed in ModHG. into an adj., spärlich, ‘frugal’); in OHG. sparhęnti, AS. spœrhęnde, ‘thrifty.’ Comp. Du. sparen, AS. sparian, E. to spare, OIc. spara, No connection with Gr. σπαρνός, ‘scarce, few, seldom’ (allied to σπείρω, ‘to sow, scatter’), is conceivable.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/spalten

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​ spalten, vb., ‘to split, cleave,’ from the equiv. MidHG. spalten, OHG. spaltan; comp. MidLG. spǫlden, MidDu. spalden, ‘to split.’ A str. vb. peculiar to the Teutons of Middle Europe, and based on an Aryan root, sphalt; comp. Sans. sphuṭ, sphaṭ (for sphlt), ‘to crack’ (causat. ‘to split’). Probably connected with MidHG. spëlte, ‘lance splinter,’ Goth. spilda, ‘tablet,’ OIc. spjald, ‘tablet.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/spazieren

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​ spazieren, vb., ‘to walk,’ from the equiv. MidHG. spatzieren. Borrowed in the 13th cent. from Ital. spaziare, ‘to roam.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/sperren

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​ sperren, vb., ‘to bar, obstruct, fasten,’ from MidHG. and OHG. spęrren (pret. sparte, OHG. sparta), wk. vb., lit. ‘to provide with spars.’ Deriv. of Sparren.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/spicken

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​ spicken, vb., ‘to lard; provide richly,’ a ModHG. derivative of Speck.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/speien

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​ speien, vb., ‘to spit, vomit,’ from the equiv. MidHG. spîen, OHG. spîwan, str. vb.; a root vb. common to Teut. and found also in other Aryan languages. Comp. Goth. speiwan, OIc. spýja, AS. and OSax. spîwan, E. spew and Du. spuwen, ‘to spit’; corresponding to the equiv. Lat. spuo, Gr. πτύω, Lith. spiáuju, OSlov. pljują, Sans. šṭhîv. Speichel and speutzen are also connected probably with this common Aryan root spī̆w, ‘to spit.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/speutzen

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​ speutzen, vb., ‘to spit,’ from late MidHG. spiutzen, an intensive of speien, to which ModHG. spützen, equiv. to E. to spit, and AS. spyttan, is also allied.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/spinnen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/spinnen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ spinnen, vb., ‘to spin,’ from the equiv. MidHG. spinnen, OHG. spinnan, str. vb.; common to Teut. in the same sense. Comp. Goth. spinnan, OIc. spinna, AS. spinnan, E. to spin, Du. spinnen. While the cognates of ModHG. weben are common to Teut., those of spinnen have only Lith. pìnti, ‘to plait’ (pántis, ‘cord’), and OSlov. pęti, ‘to stretch,’ connected with them; comp. the pre-Teut. roots pen and spen, which occur also in Fahne. It is also frequently assumed that spinnen and spannen are allied. —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Mergel

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Mergel | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Mergel, m., ‘marl,’ from the equiv. MidHG. męrgel, OHG. męrgil, m.; from MidLat. margila, with the primary form marga, which is recorded by Pliny as a Kelt. word; comp. Bret. marg, W. marl. From the same source the equiv. Rom. words are derived — Fr. marne (from OFr. marle), Ital. and Span. marga.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Messer

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​ Messer, n., from the equiv. MidHG. męȥȥer, ‘knife.’ The word has undergone strange transformations; it is an abbreviation of męȥȥeres, OHG. męȥȥiras, męȥȥirahs, n., the etymology of which had grown obscure; the variants maȥ-sahs, męȥȥi-sahs, show, however, that męȥȥirahs is a compound meaning ‘food-sword.’ With regard to Goth. mats, n., OHG. maȥ, n., AS. męte, m., E. meat, comp. Mus and Mettwurst. OHG. sahs, AS. seax, n., ‘sword, knife,’ whence the name Saxons, is usually connected with Lat. saxum, because knives were orig. made of stone. The OHG. compound męȥȥi-rahs shows the change of medial s (z) to r. Goth. *matisahs is also indicated by OSax. męzas for *mętsahs, Du. and LG. mes, AS. męte-seax, ‘food-knife, dagger.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Met

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​ Met, m., ‘mead,’ from MidHG. mët, mëte, OHG. mëtu, mitu, m., ‘mead’; comp. AS. meodo, E. mead, OIc. mjǫðr; Goth. *midus, m., ‘mead,’ is by chance not recorded. A common Teut. and also common Aryan word; Aryan *medhu, Sans. mádhu, n., ‘sweetness, honey, sweet drink, Gr. μέθυ, ‘wine’ (to which μεθύω, ‘to be drunk, and μέθη, ‘drunkenness’), OSlov. medŭ, ‘honey, wine,’ Lith. midùs, ‘mead,’ medùs, ‘honey,’ Ir. mid. To these is allied OInd. mádhu, ‘sweet, lovely,’ hence the various meanings of medhu, ‘mead, honey, wine,’ lit. ‘that which is sweet,’ perhaps (according to Gr. μεθύω,) ‘intoxicating liquid.’ Comp. süß.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Mette

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Mette | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Mette, f., ‘matins,’ from MidHG. mętten, męttene, męttî, męttîn, f., ‘early mass,’ late OHG. męttîua, mattîna, f.; from MidLat. mattîna for matutîna hora (hence also OIr. maten). From Lat. matutînum are derived Fr. matin (matines), and Ital. mattino. Comp. Messe, None, and Vesper.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Mettwurst

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​ Mettwurst, f., ‘pork sausage,’ ModHG. only, from the equiv. LG. metwurst, lit. ‘food sausage,’ allied to LG. met, ‘minced meat,’ OSax. męti, Goth. mats, ‘food.’ See Messer.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Metze

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​ Metze (1.), m., from the equiv. MidHG. steinmętze, OHG. steinmęzzo, m., ‘stone cutter’; also once in OHG. steinmeizzo, which is clearly connected with OHG. meiȥȥan, ‘to hew,’ mentioned under Meißel. But whether OHG. steinmęzzo originated in steinmeizzo, or whether Metze, Goth. *matja (comp. Fr. maçon, ‘mason, bricklayer’) is connected with the root mat, ‘to hew’ (AS. and E. mattock), remains obscure.
Metze (2.), f., ‘corn measure, peck,’ from MidHG. mëzze, OHG. mëzzo, m., ‘small dry measure.’ Teut. ë results from the Bav. and Alem. pronunciation. This word, like Goth. mitaþs, ‘measure’ (about 18 bush.), is connected with the Teut. root met, ‘to measure’; AS. mitta, ‘corn measure,’ is also equiv. to OHG. mëzzo. The masc. is still the gender in UpG., the fem. seems to be of MidG. and LG. origin. To the pre-Teut. root mod (med) belongs Lat. modius, ‘peck,’ which (see Pfund and Münze) before the OHG. period passed into West Teut.; comp. OSax. muddi, OHG. mutti, MidHG. mütte, ‘bushel.’
Metze (3.) f., ‘prostitute,’ from MidHG. metze, f., which is “literally a pet name for Mathilda, then ‘a girl of the lower class,’ often with the accessory notion of a loose life.” For other abbreviated forms with the suffix tz or z used as pet names, comp. Fritz and Kunz.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Mensch

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​ Mensch, m. and n., from the equiv. MidHG. męnsch, męnsche, m. and n., ‘man, person, fellow,’ OHG. męnnisco, mannisco, m.; comp. OSax. męnnisco, Du. mensch, ‘person.’ Simply a West Teut. form, prop. an adj. used as a subst., hence ‘humanus’ for ‘homo.’ The adj. on which it is based is derived with the suffix iska (HG. isch) from mann-, ‘homo’; Goth. mannisks, OIc. mennskr, AS., OSax., and OHG. męnnisc, ‘humanus, human’ (comp. further AS. męnnesc, ‘humanity’); comp. manušýa as an adj. ‘human,’ and as masc. subst. ‘man,’ with Sans. mánu, mánus-, ‘man’ (see further under Mann). — Mensch in the neut. gender appears even in MidHG., and was used till the 17th cent. without any contemptuous meaning; the neut. was generally applied to female servants, but that signification became obsolete in the last cent., and a moral sense was attached to the word.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Messe

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Messe | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Messe, f., ‘mass, fair,’ from MidHG. mësse, misse, f., ‘mass, church festival, fair’ OHG. mëssa, missa, f. So too the word on which it is based, MidLat. missa, signifies not only ‘incruentum christianorum sacrificium,’ but also ‘feast of a saint’ (“quod in eo Missa sollemnis peragitur”). The latter sense led to MidLat. missa, MidHG. mësse, ‘fair,’ because this “was wont to be held on account of the great concourse of people” on saints' days (comp. Fr. foire, ‘fair,’ lit. ‘holiday,’ under Feier). MidLat. missa, “as is well known, originated in missa est, scil. concio, the words spoken by the deacon when dismissing the congregation which did not partake of the sacrament”; from this the corresponding Rom. cognates, Ital. messa and Fr. messe, are derived. The vowel in AS. mœsse, f. (Northumbr. messe), E. mass, is abnormal; the latter also signifies feast in Christmas and Lammas (see Laib). Comp. Feier, Mette, Nonne, Opfer, and Vesper.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Messing

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​ Messing, n., from the equiv. MidHG. męssinc (gen. -ges), m., ‘brass, latten’; a derivative of Masse, OHG. massa (from Lat. massa?), ‘sow-metal’; AS. mœstling (with a suffix), ‘brass’ (whence E. maslin?), is also derived from the same source; see too OIc. messing, f., ‘brass.’ Contrary to this prevalent opinion, we have to observe that the derivative is more widely diffused than the primit. word, and it is inconceivable that the word was derived independently in the various languages; hence these cognates cannot be associated with Lat. massa unless a derived word can be adduced as the base of the Teut. words.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Mesner

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​ Mesner, m., from the equiv. MidHG. męsnœre, męssenœre, m., ‘sexton, sacristan’ (the latter connected with Messe), from late OHG. męsinâri (not messinâri), m., based on MidLat. *masinarius for mansionarius, ‘custos et conservatoraedis sacrae, aedituus, ostarius’; MidLat. mansionarius was also an official in the court of the Frankish kings (MidLat. mansio, ‘house,’ equiv. to Fr. maison). Comp. Küster and Sigrist.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/prägen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry prägen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ prägen, verb, ‘to stamp, impress,’ from the equivalent Middle High German prœchen, brœchen, which come from*brâhhjan, a derivative of brechen?. Akin to Middle High German brœch, ‘stamp, impression.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/puffen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry puffen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ puffen, verb, ‘to puff, buffet, cuff,’ Modern High German only, properly a Low German word; compare Dutch pof, ‘thrust, blow, credit’ (whence Modern High German Puff in the sense of ‘credit’), probably allied also to bobbien, buffen, ‘to strike,’ English buffet, substantive and verb; puff (hence the meaning of Puff, ‘puffing of a sleeve’), and to puff (Anglo-Saxon pyffan). “The close proximity of the meanings ‘to blow’ (inflate) and ‘to strike’ is not unusual; French souffer and soufflet furnish a ready example; the Romance languages have the same stem,” though it is not necessary to assume that one was borrowed from the other; the stem buf may have originated independently as an imitative form in both groups. Compare Italian buffo, ‘blast of wind,’ buffettare, ‘to snort,’ Spanish bofetada, ‘box on the ear.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/putzen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry putzen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ putzen, verb, ‘to deck, dress, polish,’ from late Middle High German butzen, ‘to adorn.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/prüfen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry prüfen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ prüfen, verb, ‘to try, examine, prove, test,’ from Middle High German prüeven, brüeven (preterite pruofte), weak verb, ‘to demonstrate, consider, count, test, put right’; this verb, which is of frequent occurrence from the 12th century, is based on Old French prover (Modern French prouver), which is again derived, like Italian provare, from Latin prŏbâre. The abnormal üe of the Middle High German verb comes from East French üe (East French prüeve, from Latin prŏbat). Compare French prouver, éprouve, English proof (even in Anglo-Saxon prôfian, ‘to demonstrate’). With regard to the treatment of Latin ŏ in recent loan-words see further Schule.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/pusten

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry pusten. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ pusten, verb, ‘to blow, puff,’ Modern High German only, properly a Low German word; the strictly High German forms are seen in Middle High German pfûsen, ‘to sneeze, snort,’ and pfiusel, ‘catarrh’ Akin to English pose, ‘catarrh’?.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/prophezeien

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry prophezeien. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ prophezeien, verb, ‘to prophesy,’ Modern High German only, a derivative of Middle High German prophezîe (prophetîe), feminine, ‘prophecy.’ Allied to Middle High German prophezieren, ‘to prophesy.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/pur

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry pur. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ pur, adjective, ‘pure, downright, mere,’ Modern High German only, from Latin purus.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/purzeln

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry purzeln. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ purzeln, verb, ‘to tumble head over heels’ Alemannian bürzle seems to suggest that this word is connected with Bürzel.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/quabbeln

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry quabbeln. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ quabbeln, verb, ‘to shake or tremble’ (of fat and jelly), Modern High German only, originally a Low German word, which is usually derived from Low German quabbel (Dutch kwabbe), ‘dewlap.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/quaken

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry quaken. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ quaken, verb, ‘to quack, croak,’ Modern High German only, originally a Low German word; compare Dutch kwaken, ‘to croak,’ to which kwakken, ‘to make a noise,’ is allied, English to quack. A late onomatopoetic term.