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# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Glazebrook, James

1904 Errata appended.
​GLAZEBROOK, JAMES (1744–1803), divine, son of William Glazebrook, was born at Madeley, Shropshire, on 11 Oct. 1744. When he was a young man of twenty-three, working as a collier and getter of ironstone, he was brought under the influence of the Rev. John Fletcher of Madeley [q. v.] and he determined to become a clergyman. With this view he was educated at Lady Huntingdon's ​college at Trevecca in South Wales. He was ordained deacon by the Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry in December 1771, and six years later he received priest's orders. In 1779 he married Dorothy, daughter of Dr. Thomas Kirkland, and removed to Warrington, where he became incumbent of a new church, St. James's, Latchford, consecrated in 1781. In that year he joined in a sharp controversy with Gilbert Wakefield on infant baptism. Wakefield afterwards acknowledged that his opponent was ‘a man of talents, very superior in his education and advantages, and deserves the warmest commendations for the pains which he must have taken with the cultivation of his understanding in very untoward circumstances.’ On being appointed vicar of Belton, Leicestershire, in 1796, being then broken in health, he left Warrington, though he retained St. James's incumbency. He died at Belton on 1 July 1803. His son, Thomas Kirkland, is noticed below.
He wrote:
* ‘A Defence of Infant Baptism,’ &c., 1781.
* ‘The Sacrifice of Thanksgiving, a Sermon,’ 1789.
* ‘The Practice of what is called Extempore Preaching recommended,’ 1794.
* ‘The Minister's Enquiry into the State of his People, a Sermon,’ 1798. # ‘Sermons on various Important Subjects (with Life by T. W. Whitaker),’ 1805.
[Rylands's Genealogies of Bate and Kirkland; Ormerod's Cheshire, 2nd edit. i. 603; New's Memorials of Selina, Countess of Huntingdon, 1858, pp. 214, 228.]
C. W. S.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.135 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 422 | ii | 8 f.e. | Glazebrook, James: for Glasebrook read Glazebrook |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Glass, Thomas

​GLASS, THOMAS, M.D. (d. 1786), physician, a native of Tiverton, Devonshire, was entered as a medical student at Leyden on 29 Oct. 1728 (Leyden Students, Index Soc. p. 41), and graduated M.D. in July 1731 (‘Dissertatio Medica Inauguralis, De Atrophia in genere,’ 4to, Leyden, 1731). He practised with great success at Exeter. To his brother Samuel Glass, a surgeon at Oxford, he imparted a process of preparing magnesia alba. Samuel perfected the preparation, published in 1764 an ‘Essay’ on its use and salutary effects as a medicine, and derived a handsome profit from its sale. He ultimately sold the secret to a firm of chemists. Meanwhile, in the summer of 1771, Thomas Henry [q. v.] a Manchester apothecary, communicated to the College of Physicians what he maintained to be an ‘improved’ method of preparing magnesia alba, and his paper was printed in vol. ii. of the college ‘Transactions.’ After Samuel Glass's death on 25 Feb. 1773 (Gent. Mag. xliii. 155), Henry published in the following May ‘Strictures’ on the magnesia sold ‘under the ​name of the late Mr. Glass,’ proving by a searching analysis that it was not properly made, and advertising his own preparation as ‘genuine.’ Thomas Glass replied in ‘An Examination of Mr. Henry's “Strictures” on Glass's Magnesia,’ 8vo, London, 1774, but was effectively answered by Henry during the same year. To ‘Medical Observations and Inquiries’ (vi. 364) Glass contributed an ‘Account of the Influenza, as it appeared at Exeter in 1775.’ He wrote also: 1. ‘Commentarii duodecim de febribus ad Hippocratis disciplinam accommodati,’ 8vo, London, 1742 (‘Editio nova, curante Ern. Godofr. Baldinger,’ 8vo, Jena and Leipzig, 1771). 2. ‘An Account of the antient baths, and their use in physic,’ 8vo, London, 1752. 3. ‘A letter … to Dr. Baker on the means of procuring a distinct and favourable kind of small-pox,’ &c., 8vo, London, 1767. 4. ‘A second letter … to Dr. Baker on certain methods of treating the small-pox during the eruptive state,’ 8vo, London, 1767. 5. ‘An Essay on Revealed Religion,’ 1772. Glass was considered the greatest English authority after Sir William Watson on inoculation for the small-pox. A German translation of their papers was published at Halle in 1769.
Glass died at Exeter on 5 Feb. 1786 and was buried in St. David's churchyard. His will, dated 8 Nov. 1783, was proved at London on 27 Feb. 1786 (registered in P. C. C. 90, Norfolk). He bequeathed to the dean and chapter of Exeter all his ‘medical printed books,’ to be placed in their library for the use of any physician of the city. By a codicil dated 15 Dec. 1784 he made provision for the education of poor children in Exeter. By his wife Mary, daughter of Sir Nathaniel Hodges, who died before him, he had four daughters, Mary (Mrs. Parminter), who predeceased her father, Elizabeth, Ann (Mrs. Lowder), and Melina or Melony (Mrs. Daniell). His portrait, by Opie, in the board-room of the Devon and Exeter Hospital, was engraved by Ezekiel (Evans, Cat. of Engraved Portraits, i. 139).
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Glasse, Samuel

​GLASSE, SAMUEL, D.D. (1735–1812), theologian, son of the Rev. Richard Glasse of Purton, Wiltshire, born in 1735, was a scholar of Westminster School from 1749 to 1752, when he was elected a junior student of Christ Church, Oxford (4 June). He proceeded B.A. in 1756, M.A. in 1759, and accumulated the degrees of B.D. and D.D. on 7 Dec. 1769. In 1764 he became a fellow of the Royal Society, and in 1772 chaplain in ordinary to his majesty. His first preferment was the rectory of St. Mary's, Hanwell, Middlesex, which he afterwards resigned in favour of his son, George Henry Glasse [q. v.] in 1785. The church was rebuilt during his residency, and he contributed largely towards the new edifice. In 1782 he became vicar of Epsom, and four years later rector of Wanstead, Essex. He was appointed to the prebend of Shalford in the cathedral of Wells in 1791, which he retained until 1798, when he was installed as prebendary of Oxgate in St. Paul's Cathedral. He died in Sackville Street, Piccadilly, on 27 April 1812, in his seventy-ninth year. Glasse was the intimate friend of George Horne, bishop of Norwich.
Glasse was a popular and eloquent preacher, and an active country magistrate. The sermons he delivered before public bodies and on behalf of special charities were often printed between 1773 and 1803. In 1777 he translated and edited a French work, entitled ‘Address from a Lady of Quality to her Children in the Last Stage of a Lingering Illness,’ Gloucester, 1778, 2 vols. 8vo. He felt a keen sympathy with Raikes in his organisation of Sunday schools, and was the author of ‘The Piety, Wisdom, and Policy of promoting Sunday Schools,’ London, 1786, 4to, and of an article in the ‘Gentleman's Magazine,’ lvii. 11, January 1788, entitled ‘A Short Sketch and Character of Mr. Raikes.’ He published in 1787 ‘A Narrative of Proceedings tending towards a National Reforming previous to, and consequent upon, his Majesty's Royal Proclamation for the Suppression of Vice and Immorality. In a Letter to a Friend, &c. by a Country Magistrate,’ London, 1787, 8vo. He likewise assisted Man Godscall in his pamphlet, ‘A General Plan of Parochial and Provincial Police,’ London, 1787, 8vo.
[Welch's Alumni Westmon. pp. 349, 358, 359, 534; Foster's Alumni Oxon.; Lysons's Environs, ii. 553; Manning's Surrey, ii. 623; Malcolm's Lond. Red. iii. 20; Nichols's Lit. Hist. ix. 131; Gent. Mag. lii. 552, lvi. 719, lxi. 686; Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Life of Bishop Horne, by C. Jones, i. 41.]
W. F. W. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Glassford, John

​GLASSFORD, JOHN (1715–1783), merchant of Glasgow, born in 1715, was a tobacco merchant on a large scale. He was one of the original members of the Glasgow chamber of commerce, and took a prominent part with Larnshaw, Ritchie of Busbie, and Spiers of Elderslie, in developing the trade of Glasgow. The firm of Spiers & Glassford, of which he was a member, imported in 1774 more than one-fourth of the entire 40,500 hogsheads of tobacco received by the forty-six firms then existing in Glasgow. Glassford was also the most extensive shipowner of his time in Scotland. He possessed twenty-four fine vessels regularly trading between the Clyde and America, and the West Indies. Glassford, who was made bailie of Glasgow in 1751, resided in the old Shawfield Mansion, on the north side of Trongate, facing Stockwell Street, which was built in 1712 by David Campbell, M.P. for Glasgow, and was subsequently razed to make way for the present Glassford Street. Glassford purchased the extensive lands of Dougalston, Dumbartonshire, in 1767, and greatly improved the estate by planting and building. He was three times married. By his second wife, Anne, daughter of Sir John Nisbet of Dean, he was father of Henry Glassford, M.P. for Dumbartonshire from 1806 to 1810, who died 14 May 1819; his third wife, whom he married 21 March 1769, was Lady Margaret Mackenzie, daughter of the third Earl of Cromarty, and by her he was father of James Glassford [q. v.]. She died at Glasgow 29 March 1773. Glassford died at Dougalston on 27 Aug. 1783.
[Irving's Book of Scotsmen; Pagan's Sketches of Glasgow; Glasgow Past and Present; articles in the Glasgow Herald; Douglas and Wood's Peerage of Scotland, i. 400; Foster's M.P.'s of Scotland.]
J. B-y.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Glass, Richard Atwood

​GLASS, Sir RICHARD ATWOOD (1820–1873), manufacturer of telegraph cables, was born at Bradford, Wiltshire, in 1820, and educated at King's College, London. He began life in a London accountant's office, where in the course of his business duties he became acquainted with Mr. Elliot, who was associated with the wire-rope manufactory of Kuper & Co. In 1852 Glass, who had a mechanical as well as a financial turn of mind, first adapted the wire-rope covering to submarine cables. It was first applied to the Dover and Calais cable, then partially completed. Afterwards the plan was adopted for many other cable services with great success. In the early days of submarine telegraphy Glass gave most valuable patronage and support to the enterprise by the manufacture of various descriptions of cable. The Atlantic cables of 1865 and 1866 were made under his direct superintendence. After being knighted for these services in 1866, Glass quitted the Telegraph Construction and Maintenance Company, and subsequently became chairman of the Anglo-American Telegraph Company. He was returned member for Bewdley, Worcestershire, in 1868, and sat for that constituency from December of that year until the March following, when he was unseated on petition. He married in 1854 Anne, daughter of Thomas Tanner, and died on 22 Dec. 1873 at Moorlands, Bitterne, Southampton.
[Ann. Reg. 1873; Sabine's Hist. of the Electric Telegraph; Times, 23 Dec. 1873.]
J. B-y.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Glasse, George Henry

​GLASSE, GEORGE HENRY (1761–1809), classical scholar and divine, the son of Dr. Samuel Glasse [q. v.] was born in 1761. He was sent to Christ Church, Oxford, in 1775, aged 14, and graduated B.A. 28 April 1779, and M.A. 14 Jan. 1782. He took holy orders, and in 1785 his father resigned to him his living of Hanwell, Middlesex. He also filled the office of domestic chaplain to the Earl of Radnor, the Duke of Cambridge, and the Earl of Sefton successively. His intellectual attainments greatly impressed his friends. In 1781 he published a translation of Mason's ‘Caractacus,’ ‘Καράκτακος ἐπι Μώνῃ: sive cl. Gul. Masoni Caractacus Græco carmine redditus cum versione Latina,’ which was very favourably reviewed. In 1788 appeared Glasse's rendering in Greek verse of Milton's ‘Samson Agonistes.’ The ease with which Glasse handled the classical languages is illustrated by his Latin version of Colman's ‘Miss Bayley's Ghost,’ which was sung by Tom Moore at a masquerade given by Lady Manvers, and afterwards published in the ‘Gentleman's Magazine’ (lxxv. 750). He published a large number of sermons, including ‘Contemplations on the Sacred History, altered from the works of Bishop Hall,’ 4 vols., 12mo, 1792, and ‘Sixteen Discourses abridged from the works of Bishop William Beveridge [q. v.] with Supplement of Ten Sermons by G. H. Glasse,’ London, 1805, 8vo. The most popular of his works was ‘Louisa: a narrative of fact supposed to throw light on the mysterious history of the Lady of the Haystack’ (1801), translated from ‘L'Inconnue, Histoire Véritable.’ This work, which quickly reached a third edition, was an attempt to prove that a mysterious refugee at Bristol was identical with Félix-Julienne de Schonau, otherwise Freulen, who declared herself to be the natural daughter of the emperor Francis I, and who was the unnamed heroine of the anonymous French work ‘L'Inconnue.’ Glasse frequently contributed to the ‘Gentleman's Magazine,’ and wrote a paper in ‘Archæologia’ in 1787. He ran through a large fortune in sixteen years, and then found himself in such difficulties that on 30 Oct. 1809 he hanged himself in the Bull and Mouth Inn, St. Martin's-le-Grand, London. At the inquest his solicitor testified that his embarrassments were so great as to fully account for mental derangement. Glasse is described as ‘short and fat, his face full and rather handsome, with an expression of benevolence and intelligence.’ He married, first, Anne Fletcher of Ealing, who died in June 1802, within a few days of their eldest daughter, and afterwards in May 1805 Harriet, the daughter of Thomas Wheeler.
A. V.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Glasse, Hannah

​GLASSE, HANNAH (fl. 1747), was author of a popular treatise on cookery. The first edition is a thin folio, entitled ‘The Art of Cookery Made Plain and Easy, which far exceeds any Thing of the kind ever yet Published. … By A Lady. London. Printed for the Author; and sold at Mrs. Ashburn's ​a China-Shop, the Corner of Fleet-Ditch, 1747.’ A list of nearly two hundred subscribers includes ‘Mrs. Glasse, Cary-Street,’ and ‘Mr. Glasse, Attorney at Law.’ In an address ‘To the reader’ the author declares, ‘I have attempted a Branch of Cookery which Nobody has yet thought worth their while to write upon,’ and continues: ‘If I have not wrote in the high polite Stile I hope I shall be forgiven; for my Intention is to instruct the lower Sort.’ The extravagance of French cooks is severely condemned. The volume has at the end ‘A certain Cure for the Bite of a Mad Dog, attributed to Dr. Mead.’ It became deservedly popular. In 1751 the fourth edition was issued in octavo. It contains a few pages of appendix, and has the autograph of H. Glasse engraved in facsimile across the title at the top of the beginning of the text. This autograph was printed in facsimile in the same place in subsequent editions. The ninth edition appeared in 1765, and many other editions succeeded. Mrs. Glasse was author also of ‘The Compleat Confectioner: or the Whole Art of Confectionary Made Plain and Easy, &c. &c. By H. Glasse, Author of the “Art of Cookery.”’ This is not dated, but is to be sold, like the ‘Art of Cookery,’ at ‘Mrs. Ashburner's China Shop.’ The introductory address, ‘To the Housekeepers of Great Britain and Ireland,’ has the facsimile autograph ‘H. Glasse,’ which is repeated at the beginning of the text as in the ‘Art of Cookery.’ The British Museum Catalogue suggests 1770 as its date of publication. Mrs. Glasse also published ‘The Servant's Directory, or Housekeeper's Companion,’ &c., London, 1770, 8vo. In the fourth edition of ‘The Art of Cookery,’ on the flyleaf opposite the title-page, is an elaborate advertisement in copperplate, announcing that Hannah Glasse is ‘Habit Maker to Her Royal Highness the Princess of Wales, in Tavistock Street, Covent Garden,’ &c. She may be identical with the ‘Hannah Glass of St. Paul's, Co. Garden, Warehouse-keeper,’ placed in the list of bankrupts for May 1754 in the ‘Gentleman's Magazine’ (xxiv. 244). A report is mentioned in Boswell's ‘Life of Johnson’ (1848, p. 592) that Mrs. Glasse's ‘Cookery’ was by Dr. John Hill, but the style of the book and the existence of the other works noted above are irreconcilable with this view. The attribution to Mrs. Glasse of the proverb ‘First catch your hare’ has occasioned some discussion. The proverb is not found in her ‘Art of Cookery,’ but her words ‘Take your hare when it is cased’ may have suggested it.
[Notes and Queries, 2nd ser. vi. 322, 444, viii. 206, xi. 264, 6th ser. xi. 90, 196; Brit. Mus. Cat. The Brit. Mus. copy of the Servant's Directory is unfortunately missing; Brewer's Dict. of Phrase and Fable.]
R. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Fane, Mildmay

1904 Errata appended.
​FANE, MILDMAY, second Earl of Westmorland(d. 1666), eldest son of Francis Fane, first earl [see under Fane, Sir Thomas], by Mary, heir of Sir Anthony Mildmay of Apthorpe, Northamptonshire, was educated at Emmanuel College, Cambridge. He represented Peterborough in 1620–1, Kent in 1625, and Peterborough again in 1626–8, was created a knight of the Bath at the coronation of Charles I (1 Feb. 1625–6), sided with the king on the outbreak of the civil war, and was arrested as a delinquent and lodged in the Tower in 1642. He was released on 1 April 1643 on giving his parole to keep his house in Bartholomew Close, and in the following August was permitted horse exercise within five miles of London. He had been fined 2,000l., and his estates had been sequestered. The sequestration, however, was discharged on his taking the covenant (14 Feb. 1643–4), and at the same time he was set at liberty. In 1648 he printed for private circulation a volume of verse entitled ‘Otia Sacra,’ and another volume by him entitled ‘Fugitive Poetry,’ consisting chiefly of epigrams, acrostics, and anagrams in English and Latin, suggested by the events of the interregnum, is among the manuscripts preserved at Apthorpe. In 1652 he headed a petition presented by the Northamptonshire landowners to the council of trade urging that steps should be taken to counteract the efforts of the cloth workers to monopolise the wool trade. His submission to the parliament was overlooked at the Restoration, and he was appointed, jointly with the Earl of Bridgewater, lord-lieutenant of Northamptonshire on 11 July 1660. In 1662 a warrant was issued for the payment to him of 50l. out of the secret service money. He died on 12 Feb. 1665–6. He married twice. His first wife was ​Grace, daughter of Sir William Thornhurst of Herne, Kent, by whom he had one son, Charles, who succeeded him, and five daughters. She died on 9 April 1640. Shortly afterwards Fane married Mary, second daughter of Horace, lord Vere of Tilbury, widow of Sir Roger Townshend of Raynham, Norfolk, by whom he had a son, Vere Fane, who succeeded his brother Charles as fourth earl, another son Horace, and four daughters.
[Collins's Peerage (Brydges), iii. 295–6; Hist. MSS. Comm. 4th Rep. App. 419; Rep. on Gawdy MSS. 168; Rep. on Westmorland MSS. App. 44; Cal. State Papers, Dom. 1640 p. 18, 1641–3 p. 344, 1651–2 p. 471, 1655 p. 269, 1661–2 p. 431; Whitelocke's Mem. pp. 82, 143; Nicolas's Hist. of Knighthood, iii. xvi; Lords' Journ. v. 443, 686, vi. 185, 253 b, 272, 356 a, 425 b, 427 a, 701 b, 703 a.]
J. M. R.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.120 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 178 | ii | 22 | Fane, Mildmay, 2nd Earl of Westmorland: for (d. 1665) read (d. 1666) |
| | | 28 | after 1620-1 insert for Kent in 1625, and again for Peterborough 1626-8 |
| | | l.l. | for 1665 read 1665-6 |
| 179 | i | 9 | after fourth earl insert and another son, Horace |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Fane, John (1682?-1762)

1904 Errata appended. Contains subarticle John Fane (1728–1774).
​FANE, JOHN, seventh Earl of Westmorland (1682?–1762), third son of Vere Fane, the fourth earl, educated at Oxford, followed a military life in his youth, and was made captain of horse in March 1708–9. He distinguished himself under the Duke of Marlborough, and became lieutenant-colonel in 1710, colonel of the 37th regiment of foot 1715, captain and colonel of the first troop of grenadier guards 1717, and captain and colonel of the first troop of horse guards in 1733. On 4 Oct. 1733 he was created a peer of Ireland, with the title of Lord Catherlough, baron ​of Catherlough. He was elected to parliament for Hythe in Kent in 1708, but at the next election (1710) was declared ‘not duly elected.’ In 1715, on the death of his brother, Mildmay, he was chosen knight of the shire of Kent. He was elected to parliament in 1726–7, and again in 1727, for Buckingham. He succeeded to the earldom of Westmorland in 1736. In the following year he was appointed lord-lieutenant of the county of Northampton, and warden of the east bailiwick in Rockingham Forest, but resigned his command of the horse guards. In 1742, having been declared brigadier-general, he was made major-general and lieutenant-general of the forces of the kingdom. Soon after his accession to the earldom he retired to his seat, Mereworth Castle in Kent, and gave himself up to the improvement of his property, rebuilding the castle after plans by Palladio (H. Walpole, Letters, Cunningham, iii. 303). In 1754 he was appointed lord high steward, and in 1759 chancellor, of the university of Oxford, his installation being conducted with unusual magnificence. He married Mary, only daughter and heiress of Lord Henry Cavendish, but died without issue 26 Aug. 1762, over the age of eighty.
He was succeeded as eighth earl by Thomas Fane, great-grandson of Sir Francis, and great-great-grandson of Francis, first earl [see under Fane, Sir Thomas]. The eighth earl died in 1771, and was succeeded as ninth earl by his son John Fane (1728–1774). He was born 5 May 1728, was educated at Westminster, became M.P. for Lyme Regis in 1762 and 1761. He married (1) in 1758 Augusta, daughter of Lord Montague Bertie (she died in 1776), and (2) in 1767 Lady Susan, daughter of Cosmo George Gordon, third duke of Gordon. He died 26 April 1774.
[Hasted's Kent, ii. 267; Collins's Peerage (1812), iii. 296; H. Walpole's Letters, Cunningham, index; Gent. Mag. xxxii. 391; Doyle's Official Baronage, iii. 641 (where date of baptism is given as March 1785); Nichols's Lit. Anecd. ix. 242.]
R. B.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.120 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 176 | i | 10-11 | Fane, John, 7th Earl of Westmorland: omit lord-lieutenant of the county of Northampton and |
| | | 23 | for 1758 read 1759 |