OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Tragical history of Gill Morice (1)/Highland Mary

Highland Mary.
YE banks and braes, and streams around The Castle o' Montgomery,
Green be your woods, and fair your flow'rs;
Your waters never drumlie. There simmer first unfaulds her robes, Aud there they langest tarry: For there I took my last fareweel Of my dear Highland Mary.
O pale, pale now, those rosy lips,
I aft ha'e kiss'd sae fondly!
And clos'd for aye the sparkling glance That dwelt on me sae kindly! And mould'ring now in silent dust, The heart that lo'ed me dearly! But still within my bosom's core Shall live my Highland Mary.
FINIS.
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Tragical history of Gill Morice (1)

THE
TRAGICAL HISTORY
OF
GILL MORICE,
AN ANCIENT BALLAD.
TO WHICH IS ADDED,
HIGHLAND MARY.
FALKIRK: PRINTED FOR THE BOOKSELLERS.
* Gill Morice
* Highland Mary
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography/Icaria

​ICA'RIA. [Attica, p. 328, b.]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography/Icarusa

​ICARUSA. a river the embouchure of which is on the E. coast of the Euxine, mentioned only by Pliny (vi. 5). Icarusa answers to the Ukrash river; and the town and river of Hieros is doubtless the Hieros Portus (ἱερὸς λιμήν) of Arrian (Peripl. p. 19), which has been identified with Sunjuk-kala. (Rennell. Compar. Geog. vol. ii. p. 328.) [ E. B. J. ]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography/Icaunus

​ICAUNUS or ICAUNA (Yonne), in Gallia, a river which is a branch of the Sequana (Seine). Autesiodurum or Autessiodurum (Auxerre) is on the Yonne. The name Icaunus is only known from inscriptions. D'Anville (Notice, &c., s. v. Icauna) states, on the authority of the Abbé le Beuf, that there was found on a stone on the modern wall of Auxerre the inscription DEAE ICAVNI. He supposes that Icauni ought to be Icauniae, but without any good reason. He also adds that the name Icauna appears in a writing of the fifth century. Accoirding to Ukert (Gallien, p. 145). who also cites Le Beuf, the inscription is "Deabus Icauni." It is said that in the ninth century Auxerre was named Icauna, Hionna, Junia. (Millin. Voyage, i. p. 167, cited by Ukert, Gallien, p. 474.) Icauna is as likely to be the Roman form of the original Celtic name as Icaunus. [ G. L. ]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography/Iceni

​ICENI, in Britain. Tacitus is the only author who gives us the exact form Iceni. He mentions them twice.
First, they are defeated by the propraetor P. Ostorius, who, after fortifying the valleys of the Autona (Aufona) and Sabrina, reduces the Iceni, and then marches against the Cangi, a population sufficiently distant from Norfolk or Suffolk (the area of the Iceni) to be near the Irish Sea. (Ann. xii. 31, 32.) The difficulties that attend the geography of the campaign of Ostorius have been indicated in the article Camulodunum. It is not from this passage that we fix the Iceni.
The second notice gives us the account of the great rebellion under Boadicea, wife of Prasntagus. From this we infer that Camulodunum was not far from the Icenian area, and that the Trinobantes were a neighbouring population. Perhaps we are justified in carrying the Iceni as far south as the frontiers of Essex and Herts. (Ann. xiv. 31—37.)
The real reason, however, for fixing the Iceni lies in the assumption that they are the same as the Simeni of Ptolemy, whose town was Venta (Norwich or Caistor): an assumption that is quite reasonable, since the Venta of Ptolemy's Simeni is mentioned in the Itinerary as the Venta Icenorum, and in contradistinction to the Venta Belgarum (Winchester).
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography/Ibliodurum

​IBLIODURUM, in Gallia Belgica, is placed by the Antonine Itin. on the road between Virodunum (Verdun) and Divodurum (Metz). The termination (durum) implies that it is on a stream. The whole distance in the Itin. between Verdun and Metz is 23 Gallic leagues, or 34 ½ M. P., which is less than even the direct distance between Verdun and Metz. There is, therefore, an error in the numbers in the Itin. somewhere between Virodunum and Divodurum, which D'Anville corrects in his usual way. The site of Ibliodurum is supposed to be on the Iron, at a place about two leagues above its junction with the Orne, a branch of the Mosel, and on the line of an old road. [ G. L. ]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography/Icarium Mare

​ICA'RIUM MARE. [Icarus; Aegaeum Mare.]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography/Icarus

​I'CARUS, ICARIA (Ἴκαρος, Ἰκαρία: Nikaria), an island of the Aegean, to the west of Samos, according to Strabo (x. p. 480, xiv. 639), 80 stadia from Cape Ampelos, while Pliny (v. 23) makes the distance 35 miles. The island is in reality a continuation of the range of hills traversing Samos from east to west, whence it is long and narrow, and extends from NE. to SW. Its length, according to Pliny, is 17 miles, and its circumference, according to Strabo, 300 stadia. The island, which gave its name to the whole of the surrounding sea (Icarium Mare or Pelagus), derived its own name, according to tradition, from Icaras, the son of Daedalus, who was believed to have fallen into the sea near this island. (Ov. Met. viii. 195, foll.) The cape forming the easternmost point of the island was called Drepanum or Dracanum (Strab. xiv. pp. 637. 639; Hom. Hymn. xxxiv. 1; Diod. Sic. iii. 66; Plin. iv. 23; Steph. B. s. v. Δράκονον), and near it was a small town of the same name. Further west, on the north coast, was the small town of Isti (Ἴστοι), with a tolerably good roadstead; to the south of this was another little place, called Oenoe (Οἰνόη, Strab. l. c.; Athen. i. p. 30.) According to some traditions, Dionysus was born on Cape Draconum (Theocrit. Idyll. xxvi, 33), and Artemis had a temple near Isti, called Tauropolion. The island had received its first colonists from Miletus (Strab. xiv. p. 635); but in the time of Strabo it belonged to the Samians: it had then but few inhabitants, and was mainly used by the Samians as pasture land for their flocks. (Strab. x. pp. 488. xiv. p. 639; Scylax, pp. 22; Aeschyl. Pers. 887; Thucyd. iii. 92, viii. ​
99; Ptol. v. 2. § 30; P. Mela, ii. 7.) Modern writers derive the name of Icaria from the Ionic word κάρα, a pasture (Hesych., s. v. Κάρ), according to which it would mean "the pasture land." In earlier times it is said to have been called Doliche (Plin. l. c.; Callim. Hymn. in Dian. 187), Macris (Plin. l. c.; Eustath. ad Dionys. Per. 530; Liv. xxvii. 13), and Ichthyoessa (Plin. l. c.). Respecting the present condition of the island, see Tournefort, Voyage du Lévant, ii. lett. 9. p. 94; and Ross, Reisen auf den Griech. Inseln, vol. p. 164, fol. [ L. S. ]
COIN OF OENOE OR OENAE, IN ICARUS.
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography/Iccius Portus

​ICCIUS PORTUS. [Itius.]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography/Ibettes

​IBETTES. [Samos.]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography/Ibiones

​IBIO'NES, VIBIO'NES (Ἰβιώνες, al. Οὐιβιώνες, Ptol. iii. 5. § 23), a Slavonian people of Sarmatia Europaea, whom Schafarik (Slav. Alt. vol. i. p. 213) looks for in the neighbourhood of a river Iva-IvizaIcinka, of which there are several in Russia deriving their name from "iwa" = "Salix Alba," or the common white willow. [ E. B. J. ]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Farey, John (1791-1851)

​FAREY, JOHN (1791–1851), civil engineer, son of John Farey, geologist [q. v.], was born at Lambeth, Surrey, on 20 March, 1791 and educated at Woburn. At the age of fourteen he commenced making drawings for the illustrative plates of 'Rees's' and the 'Edinburgh' encyclopiedias, 'Tilloch's Magazine,' Gregory's 'Mechanics' and 'Mechanical Dictionary,' the 'Pantalogia,' and many other scientific works. He edited some of these, and contributed to others. The necessity of accomplishing drawings with accuracy in a limited time led him to invent in 1807 an instrument for making perspective drawings, for which he received a silver medal from the Society of Arts (Transactions, xxxii. 71), and in 1813 he made a machine for drawing ellipses,for which the gold medal of the same society was awarded hun. In 1619 he went to Russia, where be was engaged as a civil engineer in the construction of ironworks. There he first saw a steam-engine indicator; on his return to England he employed McNaught to make indicators for general use, and thenceforth he was continually requested to use the instrument in disputed cases of the power of steam-engines. He relinquished his professional engagements in 1631 in favour of his brother, Joseph Farey, and embarked ​in a lace manufactory in Devonshire, which, however, he gave up in 1823, and in 1825 took the engineering direction of Messrs. Marshall's flax-mills at Leeds; this position he was obliged to relinquish in 1826 in consequence of the failure of his brother's health and the necessity for his return to London, where he resumed his profession of consulting engineer, and from that time was engaged in most of the novel inventions, important trials in litigated patent cases, and scientific investigations of the period. Farey joined the Institution of Civil Engineers as a member in 1826, served several offices in the council, and always took great interest in its welfare. His residence, 67 Great Guilford Street, Russell Square, London, was burnt down in 1850, when considerable portions of his library and documents were injured or destroyed.
His health, which had been failing since the death of his wife, now received an additional shock, and he died of disease of the heart at the Common, Sevenoaks, Kent, on 17 July 1851.
He was the author of' A Treatise on the Steam Engine, Historical, Practical, and Descriptive,' 1827, vol. i., the only part printed. He also contributed two papers on the' Force of Steam' to the ' Transactions of the Institution of Civil Engineers' (1836), i. 85-94, 111-16.
G. C. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Farington, John

​FARINGTON, JOHN (1603–1646), Franciscan. [See Woodcock.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Farington, Joseph

​FARINGTON, JOSEPH (1747–1821), landscape-painter, son of the Rev. William Farington, vicar of Leigh and rector of Warrington, was born at Leigh in Lancashire on 21 Nov. 1747. He became a pupil of Richard Wilson in 1763, and, like his brother George [q. v.], gained several premiums at the Society of Arts. At the age of twenty-one he joined the Incorporated Society of Artists, and was admitted a student of the Royal Academy at its formation in 1768. He was elected an associate of the Academy in 1783 and full member in 1785, and in later years took an active and influential part in the government of that institution. In recognition of his share in promoting some financial reforms at the Academy the council voted 50l. for a piece of plate for him.
Redgrave says that ‘in his landscapes he has not shown much poetry or grandeur; his composition is poor; his colouring is better, often possessing power and brilliance; his pencilling is free and firm, but with a tendency to hardness.’ He is best known by two collections of engraved views of the English lakes, one containing twenty plates ​published in 1789; the other forty-three plates, issued in 1816, with descriptions by T. Hartwell Horne. He published also ‘Views of Cities and Towns in England and Wales’ (W. Byrne, 1790, folio); also seventy-six plates illustrating a ‘History of the River Thames,’ 1794; several plates in ‘Britannia Depicta,’ 1806; besides other book illustrations. He wrote a memoir of Sir Joshua Reynolds for the fifth edition of that master's ‘Literary Works,’ 1819. This memoir was compiled, according to Leslie and Taylor (Life of Reynolds, 1865), with the object of showing that Sir Joshua was not ‘driven from the Academy.’
He married Susan, daughter of Prebendary Hamond of York, but left no issue. He died at his brother's house, Parr's Wood, Didsbury, near Manchester, on 30 Dec. 1821, in consequence of a fall. There is a portrait of him in Dance's ‘Collection of Portraits,’ 1809–14, and another by Meyer after Sir T. Lawrence.
C. W. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Farey, John (1766-1826)

​FAREY, JOHN (1766–1826), geologist, was born at Woburn in Bedfordshire in 1766. At the age of sixteen he was sent to school at Halifax in Yorkshire, where he made the acquaintance of Smeaton, and received a good training in mathematics. In 1792 the Duke of Bedford appointed Farey agent for his extensive estates in Bedfordshire, and he took up his residence at Woburn.
After the death of his patron in 1802 Farey removed to London, and established an extensive practice as a consulting surveyor and geologist. He married early in life, and had a large family, of whom his son John [q. v.], born in 1791, attained eminence as a civil engineer. The elder Farey died at his house in Rowland Street, London, in 1826, Farey's profession necessitated his visiting most parts of England, and required attentive examination of soils, minerals, and rocks. To these matters Farey applied the new principles of geology of William Smith, the 'father of English geology.' Farey collected minerals and rocks from all the places he visited. He drew up, in addition, a large number of geological sections and maps, intended to illustrate the relative position of the strata throughout Britain. These he desired to publish, but the project was frustrated by his death.
Farey's most important work is his 'Survey of the County of Derby,' including a 'General View of its Agriculture and Minerals,' two vols. 8vo, made for the board of agriculture, and published in 1811-13. He also contributed many articles to 'Rees's Encyclopedia,' including the article on the steam-engine, and also frequently wrote for the Monthly Magazine' and the 'Philosophical Magazine.' Altogether Farey wrote sixty scientific papers. The first, 'On the Mensuration of Timber,' appeared in the 'Philosophical Magazine' for 1804, and the last, 'On the Velocity of Sound and on the Encke Planet,' in the same periodical for 1824 The others ore principally upon geological subjects, as the 'Geology of Derbyshire,' 'heights of the Hills of Derbyshire,' &c., with the addition of a few upon music.
[Monthly Mag. 1825; Royal Society's Cat. of Scientific Papers.]
W. J. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Farington, George

​FARINGTON, GEORGE (1752–1788), artist, born at Leigh in Lancashire, his baptism being recorded on 10 Nov. 1752, was fourth son of the Rev. William Farington, vicar of that place, afterwards rector of Warrington. He was for many years a student of the Royal Academy, and obtained the silver medal in 1779, and in 1780 he won the gold medal for the best historical picture, the subject being ‘The Caldron Scene from Macbeth.’ He had in his early studies been guided by his brother Joseph [q. v.], the landscape-painter, but his preference being decidedly for historical subjects he became a pupil of West. Alderman Boydell gave him many commissions, and for him he made several excellent drawings from the Houghton collection. In 1782 he went to India, practising his art with great success. When making studies for a grand picture of the court of the nabob of Moorshedabad, he contracted a severe illness, and died at that place a few days later in 1788.
A. N.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Carr, John (1732-1807)

​CARR, JOHN (1732–1807), translator of Lucian, was born at Muggleswick, Durham, in 1732. His father was a farmer and small landowner or statesman. He was educated at the village school, and then privately by the curate of the parish, the Rev. Daniel Watson. Subsequently he was sent to St. Paul's School. He became an usher in Hertford grammar school under Dr. Hurst, and succeeded him in the head-mastership, which he held until about 1792, with a good reputation. He is said to have been a candidate for the head-mastership of St. Paul's, but to have failed from the lack of a university degree. In 1773 he published the first volume of his translations from ‘Lucian,’ which reached a second edition in the following year. He published a second volume in 1779, followed by three more between that year and 1798. The reputation of this work, which on the whole is executed with accuracy and spirit, obtained for him the degree of LL.D. from the Marischal College of Aberdeen, at the instance of Dr. Beattie. He seems to have felt that his literary pursuits had been too trifling, and he takes pains in the preface to the second volume of Lucian to assure the world that it was the work only of evening hours when graver duties were over; and that it was undertaken to put out of his thoughts the annoyances of the day, an excuse which schoolmasters will understand. Besides his Lucian he wrote:
* ‘A Third Volume of Tristram Shandy,’ in imitation of Sterne, 1760.
* ‘Filial Piety,’ a mock-heroic poem, 1763.
* ‘Extract of a Private Letter to a Critic,’ 1764.
* ‘Epponina,’ a dramatic essay addressed to ladies, 1765, the plot of which is founded on the account of Epponina, wife of Julius Sabinus, given in Tacitus (H. 4, 67), and Dio Cassius (66, 3, and 16).
From 1805 till death he was prebendary of Lincoln. He died 6 June 1807, and was buried in St. John's Church, Hertford.
[Gent. Mag. lxxxii. 602; Nichols's Anecdotes, iii. 168; Baker's Biog. Dram.]
E. S. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Carr, Richard

​CARR, RICHARD, M.D. (1651–1706), physician, was son of Griffith Carr of Louth in Lincolnshire. He was born in 1651, and went from the grammar school of Louth to Magdalene College, Cambridge, where he entered as a sizar 31 May 1667, graduated B.A. 1670, and M.A. 1674. He became master of the grammar school of Saffron Walden in 1676, but in 1683 went to Leyden to study physic, and in 1686 proceeded M.D. at Cambridge. He was created a fellow of the College of Physicians by James II's charter, and was admitted in 1687. He died in September 1706, and was buried in St. Faith's Church, under St. Paul's Cathedral. He is known as the author of ‘Epistolæ medicinales variis occasionibus conscriptæ,’ which was published in 1691. The book is dedicated to the College of Physicians, and received the imprimatur of the president and censors. The epistles, eighteen in number, do not contain much medical information, but are written in a readable, popular style, as if addressed to patients rather than to physicians. The first is on the use of sneezing powders, the second on smoking tobacco, the third, fourth, seventh, fifteenth, and seventeenth on various points of dietetics, including a grave refutation of the doctrine that it is well to get drunk once a month. The eighth recommends a visit to Montpellier for a case of phthisis, while the fifth and sixth discuss the remedial virtues of the Tonbridge and Bath waters, and seven others are on trivial medical subjects. The fourteenth is on the struma, and in it Carr mentions that Charles II touched 92, 107 persons between 1660 and 1682, and respectfully doubts whether they all got well. The most interesting of the epistles is the third, which is on the drinks used in coffee-houses, namely, ‘coffee, thee, twist (a mixture of coffee and tea), salvia, and chocolata.’ Carr shows some acquaintance with the medical writings of his time, and speaks with admiration of the ‘Religio Medici.’ The impression left after reading his epistles is that he was a doctor of pleasant conversation, not a profound physician, but one whose daily visit cheered the valetudinarian, and whose elaborate discussion of symptoms satisfied the hypochondriac.
[Munk's Coll. of Phys. (1878), i. 470; Carr's Epistolæ; Magdalene Coll. Admission Book.]
N. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Carr, Roger

​CARR, ROGER (d. 1612), divine, supposed to have been the son of a London printer of the same names, was matriculated as a sizar of Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, on 22 Nov. 1566, and went out B.A. 1569–70. On 23 Jan. 1572–3 he was instituted to the rectory of Little Raine in Essex, on the presentation of Henry Capel, esq. About 1583 he was suspended by Aylmer, bishop of London, for not wearing the surplice. He subsequently conformed to the orders of the church, and held the before-mentioned benefice till his death, which occurred shortly before 20 Jan. 1611–12.
It is believed that he was the author of: 1. ‘The Defence of the Soul against the strongest Assaults of Satan, by R. C.,’ London, 1578, 8vo. 2. ‘A Sermon on Joh. xix., by R. C.,’ London (T. Lawe and T. Nelson), n. d., 8vo. 3. ‘A godlie Form of Householde Gouernment: for the ordering of private Families, whereunto is adjoyned the seuerall duties of the husband towards his wife: and the wiues duty toward her husband, &c. Gathered by R. C.,’ London, 1598, 1600, 8vo. Dedicated to Robert Burgaine of Roxall [Roxwell?].
[Ames's Typogr. Antiq. (Herbert), 707, 868, 1294; Cooper's Athenæ Cantab. iii. 53; Davids's Essex Nonconformisty, 111; Lowndes's Bibl. Man. (Bohn), 342; Maitland's Index of Early Printed Books at Lambeth, 18; Newcourt's Repertorium, ii. 480.]
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Carr, Johnson

​CARR, JOHNSON (1744–1765), landscape painter, a pupil of Richard Wilson, died of consumption in his twenty-second year on 16 Jan. 1765. He was of a respectable family of the north, and obtained several premiums given by the Society of Arts for drawings by youths under the age of nineteen, receiving the first prize in 1762 and 1763.
[Edwards's Anecdotes; Redgrave's Dict. of Artists, 1878. ]
C. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Carr, R.

​CARR, R. (fl. 1668), engraver, imitated the style of Hollar with no great success. There is a map of England dated 1668 etched by him.
[Strutt's Dict. of Engravers.]
C. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Carr, John (1723-1807)

1904 Errata appended.
​CARR, JOHN (1723–1807), architect, called Carr of York, was born at Horbury, near Wakefield, in May 1723. He began life as a working man and settled in York, where he attained a considerable reputation as an architect of the ‘Anglo-Palladian’ school, and amassed a large fortune. Among the buildings he erected are the court-house and the castle and gaol at York; the crescent at Buxton; the town hall at Newark, Nottinghamshire; Harewood House, near Leeds; Thoresby Lodge, Nottinghamshire; Oakland House, Cheshire; Lytham Hall, near Preston; Constable Burton, Baseldon Park, and Farnley Hall in Yorkshire; the east front and west gallery of Wentworth Castle, near Barnsley; the mausoleum of the Marquis of Rockingham at Wentworth; and the bridge over the Ure at Boroughbridge. He also built at his own expense the parish church of his native village, where he was buried. He was mayor of York in 1770 and 1785, and died at Askham Hall, near York, 22 Feb. 1807, aged 84, leaving property to the amount of about 150,000l.
[Redgrave's Dict. of Artists, 1878; Gent. Mag. 1807; Fergusson's History of Modern Architecture.]
C. M.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.55 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
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