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# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Conrad, Robert Taylor

Edition of 1900.
CONRAD, Robert Taylor, lawyer, b. in Philadelphia, 10 June, 1810; d. there, 27 June, 1858. He was the son of a publisher of Philadelphia, was educated for the bar, and attained a high reputation as a political speaker, and as an editor and poet. Before he was twenty-one years old he wrote a tragedy, “Conradin,” and in 1832 published the “Daily Commercial Intelligencer,” which was merged into the “Philadelphia Gazette.” Abandoning this occupation from failing health in 1834, he returned to the law, became recorder, and in 1838 judge of the criminal sessions for the city and county of Philadelphia. When the latter court was dissolved, he resumed the pen, edited “Graham's Magazine,” and became associate editor of the “North American.” On the consolidation of the districts with the city in 1854, he was elected mayor by the Whig and American parties. In 1856 he was appointed to the bench of the quarter sessions, serving in that capacity till 1857. In literature he is best known by the tragedy of “Aylmere,” purchased by Edwin Forrest, in which that actor played the part of Jack Cade. In 1852 Judge Conrad published a volume entitled “Aylmere, or the Bondman of Kent, and other Poems,” the principal of which latter are “The Sons of the Wilderness,” a meditative poem on the wrongs and misfortunes of the North American Indians, and a series of sonnets on the Lord's Prayer. Another tragedy that he wrote, “The Heretic,” was never acted, nor published.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Conrad, Timothy Abbott

Edition of 1900.
​CONRAD, Timothy Abbott, naturalist, b. in New Jersey, 21 June, 1803; d. in Trenton, N. J., 9 Aug., 1877. He was from early life an investigator of American paleontology and natural history, devoting himself to the study of the shells of the tertiary and cretaceous formations, and to existing species of mollusks. In 1831 he began the issue of a work on “American Marine Conchology,” and the year following published the first number of his “Fossil Shells of the Tertiary Formation,” which was never completed. A “Monography of the Family Unionidæ” was issued between 1835 and 1847. The lithographed plates in his publications were in part his own work. He contributed many articles to the “American Journal of Science” and the “Journal of the Philadelphia Academy of Science.” As one of the New York state geologists he prepared the geological report for 1837. He was paleontologist of the New York geological survey from 1838 till 1841, and wrote the annual reports in that department. He also made the reports of paleontological discoveries in the Pacific railroad survey and ​the Mexican boundary survey. He defended the theory of periodical refrigeration, and suggested that the Mississippi depression was the consequence of the upheaval of the Appalachians and the later elevation of the Rocky mountain area. A list of his scientific papers is given in the catalogue of the Royal society of England.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Conrad, Joseph

Edition of 1900.
​CONRAD, Joseph, soldier, b. in Wied-Selters, Germany, 17 May, 1830. He was graduated at the military academy of Hesse Darmstadt in 1848, and came to this country, settling in Missouri. At the beginning of the civil war he enlisted in the National service, and was made captain of the 3d Missouri infantry. He became major in September, and was engaged in the action of Carthage, the battle of Pea Ridge, and the siege of Corinth. After being mustered out, he re-entered the army as lieutenant-colonel of the 15th Missouri infantry, in May, 1862, became colonel in November, and was engaged in the battles of Perryville, Chickamauga, and Missionary Ridge. During the Atlanta campaign he commanded a brigade in the Army of the Cumberland, and was brevetted brigadier-general for his services. He commanded the sub-district of Victoria in Texas until February, 1866, when he was mustered out of the volunteer service. In July, 1866, he entered the regular army, and was commissioned captain in the 29th infantry, transferred to the 11th infantry in April, 1869, and served with his regiment until October, 1882, when he was retired with the rank of colonel.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Conrad, Joseph Speed

Edition of 1900.
​CONRAD, Joseph Speed, soldier, b. in Ithaca, N. Y., 23 Aug., 1833; d. in Fort Randall, 4 Dec., 1891. He was graduated at the U. S. military academy in 1857, and assigned to Fort Columbus. He was sent to the western frontier in 1858, and during the three years succeeding served in Minnesota and Nebraska. When the civil war began he was a first lieutenant, and was detailed as commissary of subsistence to Gen. Lyon in the Missouri campaign in the summer of 1861. He was wounded at the battle of Wilson's Creek, 10 Aug., and was on sick-leave until October. He was promoted captain, 1 Nov., 1861, and placed at the head of the discharge department in Washington from that time until 21 Jan., 1864. Early in the summer of that year he joined the regular brigade of the Army of the Potomac, and was engaged in the campaigns that followed, including the battles of the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, Petersburg, and Reams's Station. During this period he served at different times as judge-advocate, provost-marshal, and commissary of musters. He received three brevets, as major, lieutenant-colonel, and colonel of volunteers. From 1865 till 1871 he was occupied with garrison duty, after which he served as instructor of infantry tactics at the U. S. military academy, and then on special duty in Washington in connection with the Centennial exhibition at Philadelphia. In 1877 he was assigned to duty on the frontier. He was promoted to major of the 17th infantry on 27 April, 1879, and to lieutenant-colonel of the 22d infantry on 27 June, 1884. In 1886 he was in command of Fort Lyon, Colorado.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Conrad, William

Edition of 1900.
​CONRAD, William, clergyman, b. in Pennsylvania, 11 Aug., 1808; d. 16 Feb., 1865. He was educated at the academy and theological seminary of the German Reformed church at York, Pa., licensed to preach by the Westmoreland classis in May, 1835, and labored during the rest of his life in western Pennsylvania as a pioneer preacher. He was one of the founders of Westmoreland college, Mount Pleasant, Pa., to which he presented his large collection of geological specimens, was a frequent contributor to religious journals, and published a volume on “Baptism” (1847).
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Converse, Charles Crozat

Edition of 1900.
​CONVERSE, Charles Crozat, musical composer, b. in Warren, Mass., in 1834. He studied law and music in Leipsic, Germany, returned home in 1857, and was graduated at the Albany law-school in 1861. His musical compositions have appeared under the anagrammatic pen-names “C. O. Nevers,” “Karl Reden,” and “E. C. Revons.” He has published a cantata (1855); “New Method for the Guitar” (1855); “Musical Bouquet” (1859); “The One Hundred and Twenty-sixth Psalm” (1860); “Sweet Singer” (1863); “Church Singer” (1863); “Sayings of Sages” (1863).
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Cook, George Hammell

Edition of 1900.
​COOK, George Hammell, geologist, b. in Hanover, Morris co., N. J., 5 Jan., 1818; d. in New Brunswick, N. J., 22 Sept., 1889. He was graduated at Rensselaer polytechnic institute, Troy, N. Y., in the class of 1839, and from 1842 till 1846 he was senior professor in that institution. In 1853 he became professor of chemistry and the natural sciences at Rutgers. His chair became in 1867 that of chemistry, natural history, and agriculture, and in 1878 its title was again changed to that of analytical chemistry, geology, and agriculture. In 1880 he became simply professor of geology and agriculture. Prof. Cook was elected vice-president of the college in 1864, and during the same year was appointed state geologist of New Jersey. In 1880 he was appointed director of the New Jersey agricultural experiment station, of which he published annual reports. He was a member of several scientific societies and a fellow of the American association for the advancement of science. Besides papers contributed to scientific journals, he published annual reports as state geologist from 1863 to 1885, and was the author of "Geology of New Jersey" (Newark, 1868).
# Anthology of Modern Slavonic Literature in Prose and Verse/Czardas

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3. CZARDAS (A FRAGMENT).
Hail, O gypsy fiddler, hail! A czardas is my pleasure! 'Cello, groan, and fiddle, wail In wild exultant measure. All the grief my soul doth sway, All the woes and ills All into thy fiddling lay Ho! a czardas to me play, Gypsy from the hills. All the grief my soul doth sway, Proudly laid to rest All into thy fiddling lay Ho! a czardas to me play, With wild exultant zest. Mountain blood flows in our veins, Both our souls are dire; Quell my anger with thy strains, All my scorn and ire. Hearken to the forest cry,— From afar it rings; Play e'en as the forest plays When the tempest thro' it strays; From the bow let fibres fly, Tears flow from the strings.
Ho! ne'er let me meet my doom Down within the lea; Nor may I find on earth a tomb, Death's laughing-stock to be. On the granite I would find Rest, where rocks are still; Cradled by the weeping wind I would sleep my fill. May the gloomy pine-trees sigh, Verdant branches swaying; Clouds in clusters hover nigh, A rainbow crown displaying. There the mighty eagles soar Loudly onwards sweeping; From the granite gates there pour Mighty waters weeping.
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# Anthology of Modern Slavonic Literature in Prose and Verse/Dalmatian Nocturne

ALEXANDER ŠANTIĆ
DALMATIAN NOCTURNE.
Sea bluely gleaming, Dreaming; Chill darkness earthward falls. The last red glimmer Dimmer O'er blackened ridges crawls.
And chimes are droning, Moaning, Trembling where rocks arise; Prayers have ascended, Blended With poor men's long-drawn sighs.
Before God’s altar Falter This haggard wailing brood. But ne'er is token Spoken By God upon His rood.
And dreams are nearer, Clearer: Chill darkness earthward falls. The last red glimmer Dimmer O'er blackened ridges crawls.
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# Anthology of Modern Slavonic Literature in Prose and Verse/Dusk

VALERY YAKOVLEVITCH BRYUSOV.
1.* DUSK.
Electrical moons are twinkling On curving and delicate bands; The telegraph wires are tinkling In tender, invisible hands.
The clocks with their amber faces By magic are lit o'er the crowd; Of stillness the cooling traces The thirst-ridden pavement enshroud.
'Neath a net that quivers enchanted, The square lies hushed in the haze; The evening has smilingly planted A kiss on the harlot's gaze.
As music that soothingly quavers Is daytime's far-away roar. O dusk! In your lulling favours You steep my spirit once more.
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# Anthology of Modern Slavonic Literature in Prose and Verse/Eclogue VII

JAROSLAV VRCHLICKÝ.
1. ECLOGUE VII.
How can there be a heart by hope unthrilled? Hark to the sound Of black-birds; nests around With mighty drops of dew are filled.
The forest-lovers in calm, rock-strewn ways How joyously were beaming! Their dreaming Was knit by doves amid their smiling lays.
Quoth they: "Who can us here behold?" Then sped The sun, and quivering shed Upon their clinging lips his gold.
"Who knows of all the vows that we have uttered?" Then from a flower drew nigh A butterfly And 'mid their hair entangled fluttered.
Who would of sun, of butterfly beware? For see, Beneath each darkening tree A very idyll they prepare.
"Eclogues and Songs" (1880).
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# Anthology of Modern Slavonic Literature in Prose and Verse/Evening in Paris

2. EVENING IN PARIS.
In the drab air what sultry surfeit Lies! Still through sparse leaves the sunset flares, and throws Sparks in the river; a last lustre glows In windows, as it were in dying eyes.
And lamp with lamp down yonder, ghost-like, vies A hundred-fold; like distant thunder-blows Carts rumble on; like crags in shattered rows Pillars of Trocadero dusk-ward rise.
Twilight has faded; all is ashen-gray. The spectral arches of the bridges wane. Yet life still pulses there in seething husk.
Whither are bound these thousands on their way? The soul in this strange eddy quails with pain, And likewise shrouds it in the ashen dusk.
"What Life Gave" (1883).
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# Anthology of Modern Slavonic Literature in Prose and Verse/City

OTAKAR THEER.
1. CITY.
City— —! With our young dreams we have set foot within thee Bewitched by the legend that hung in the gold of thy turrets, Half foreboding thy beauty, thy marvellous life, Whereof nurses told us tales, yonder afar, by the country-side. Thou hast shown us thine unmatched countenance, us uptempted Hast thou taken unto thine embraces and lulled with a smile. What thou didst murmur to us on sluggish afternoons, was: Mighty deceit, that slumbered in thine unbounded gaze. Then while the countryside awoke to glittering mornings, Then while peasants sowed grain into the dusky soil, Then while through firmaments surged a deluge of mighty love,
Thou didst take from us all, that was ours to take, Our simple hearts, full of dreams and beauty, Our strength, our freedom, our faith, peaceful and assuaging.
"Campaigns Against the Ego" (1900).
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# Anthology of Modern Slavonic Literature in Prose and Verse/Electricity

ZINAÏDA NIKOLAYEVNA HIPPIUS
*ELECTRICITY.
Two threads are closely hafted, The ends are unconfined. 'Tis "yea" and "nay,"—not grafted, Not grafted,—but entwined. Dim is the weft that mates them Close and inanimate, But wakening awaits them. And they the same await, End unto end is taken,— Fresh "yea" and "nay" ignite, And "yea" and "nay" awaken, Into one moulding shaken, And from their death comes,—Light.
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# Anthology of Modern Slavonic Literature in Prose and Verse/Evil dragon…

FYODOR KUZMITCH SOLOGUB.
1.*
Evil dragon, 'mid the zenith hotly burning, Thou, who all about thee, fiery threads art turning, With a stifling hotness parching all the valley,— Evil dragon, lo, too speedy is thy rapture O'er thy victory; for, compassing thy capture, From my dark, deep quiver, poisoned barbs will sally.
With my bow before thee shall I stand, nor falter, Dauntless to fulfil the doom that none can alter; Vengeance unforeseen, and yet foretold I cherish.
Taut, my bow shall fling its shaft with brazen droning. To my challenge, thou shalt answer sorely moaning,— Foul destroyer, thou shalt wane away and perish.
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# Anthology of Modern Slavonic Literature in Prose and Verse/Fishponds

2. FISHPONDS.
Our fishponds are as moulded silver shed With streaks of shadow under clouded skies, Amid green herbage of the meadow spread Like to the country's gentle, tender eyes. Here pines the snipe in rushes near the shores, Here is the teal, whose greenish plumage plays In colours of the rainbow when he soars Far off amid the sun's bespangled blaze; Cooler are meadows where the sweet-flag grows, And with the after-math its fragrance blends; By wavelets cooled, the air in ripples flows, And something sighs, like grief that never ends.
"From My Country" (1893).
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# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume III/Apologetic/A Treatise on the Soul/Chapter XXXIX

Chapter XXXIX.—The Evil Spirit Has Marred the Purity of the Soul from the Very Birth.
All these endowments of the soul which are bestowed on it at birth are still obscured and depraved by the malignant being who, in the beginning, regarded them with envious eye, so that they are never seen in their spontaneous action, nor are they administered as they ought to be. For to what individual of the human race will not the evil spirit cleave, ready to entrap their souls from the very portal of their birth, at which he is invited to be present in all those superstitious processes which accompany childbearing? Thus it comes to pass that all men are brought to the birth with idolatry for the midwife, whilst the very wombs that bear them, still bound with the fillets that have been wreathed before the idols, declare their offspring to be consecrated to demons: for in parturition they invoke the aid of Lucina and Diana; for a whole week a table is spread in honour of Juno; on the last day the fates of the horoscope are invoked; and then the infant’s first step on the ground is sacred to the goddess Statina. After this does any one fail to devote to idolatrous service the entire head of his son, or to take out a hair, or to shave off the whole with a razor, or to bind it up for an offering, or seal it for sacred use—in behalf of the clan, of the ancestry, or for public devotion? On this principle of early possession it was that Socrates, while yet a boy, was found by the spirit of the demon. Thus, too, is it that to all persons their genii are assigned, which is only another name for demons. Hence in no case (I mean of the heathen, of course) is there any nativity which is pure of idolatrous superstition. It was from this circumstance that the apostle said, that when either of the parents was sanctified, the children were holy; and this as much by the prerogative of the (Christian) seed as by the discipline of the institution (by baptism, and Christian education). “Else,” says he, “were the children unclean” by birth: as if he meant us to understand that the children of believers were designed for holiness, and thereby for salvation; in order that he might by the pledge of such a hope give his support to matrimony, which he had determined to maintain in its integrity. Besides, he had certainly not forgotten what the Lord had so definitively stated: “Except a man be born of water and of the Spirit, he cannot enter into the kingdom of God;” in other words, he cannot be holy.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Fata Scribunda.
* ↑ 1 Cor. vii. 14.
* ↑ 1 Cor. vii. 14.
* ↑ John iii. 5.
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume III/Apologetic/A Treatise on the Soul/Chapter XXXVI

Chapter XXXVI.—The Main Points of Our Author’s Subject. On the Sexes of the Human Race.
For the discussion of these questions we abandoned, if I remember rightly, ground to which we must now return. We had established the position that the soul is seminally placed in man, and by human agency, and that its seed from the very beginning is uniform, as is that of the soul also, to the race of man; (and this we settled) owing to the rival opinions of the philosophers and the heretics, and that ancient saying mentioned by Plato (to which we referred above). We now pursue in their order the points which follow from them. The soul, being sown in the womb at the same time as the body, receives likewise along with it its sex; and this indeed so simultaneously, that neither of the two substances can be alone regarded as the cause of the sex. Now, if in the semination of these substances any interval were admissible in their conception, in such wise that either the flesh or the soul should be the first to be conceived, one might then ascribe an especial sex to one of the substances, owing to the difference in the time of the impregnations, so that either the flesh would impress its sex upon the soul, or the soul upon the sex; even as Apelles (the heretic, not the painter) gives the priority over their bodies to the souls of men and women, as he had been taught by Philumena, and in consequence makes the flesh, as the later, receive its sex from the soul. They also who make the soul supervene after birth on the flesh predetermine, of course, the sex of the previously formed soul to be male or female, according to (the sex of) the flesh. But the truth is, the seminations of the two substances are inseparable in point of time, and their effusion is also one and the same, in consequence of which a community of gender is secured to them; so that the course of nature, whatever that be, shall draw the line (for the distinct sexes). Certainly in this view we have an attestation of the method of the first two formations, when the male was moulded and tempered in a completer way, for Adam was first formed; and the woman came far behind him, for Eve was the later formed. So that her flesh was for a long time without specific form (such as she afterwards assumed when taken out of Adam’s side); but she was even then herself a living being, because I should regard her at that time in soul as even a portion of Adam. Besides, God’s afflatus would have animated her too, if there had not been in the woman a transmission from Adam of his soul also as well as of his flesh.

## Footnotes

* ↑ In ch. xxviii. at the beginning.
* ↑ See above, ch. xxiii. [Also p. 246, infra.]
# Beadle v. Spencer

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United States Supreme Court
298 U.S. 124
Beadle v. Spencer
Argued: and Submitted March 31, 1936. --- Decided: April 27, 1936
Mr. Harold M. Sawyer, of San Francisco, Cal., for petitioner.
[Argument of Counsel from page 125 intentionally omitted]
Mr. John L. McNab, of San Francisco, Cal., for respondent.
Mr. Justice STONE delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
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