OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Free as in Freedom (2002)/Appendix A

For the most part, I have chosen to use the term GNU/Linux in reference to the free software operating system and Linux when referring specifically to the kernel that drives the operating system. The most notable exception to this rule comes in Chapter 9. In the final part of that chapter, I describe the early evolution of Linux as an offshoot of Minix. It is safe to say that during the first two years of the project's development, the operating system Torvalds and his colleagues were working on bore little similarity to the GNU system envisioned by Stallman, even though it gradually began to share key components, such as the GNU C Compiler and the GNU Debugger.
This decision further benefits from the fact that, prior to 1993, Stallman saw little need to insist on credit.
Some might view the decision to use GNU/Linux for later versions of the same operating system as arbitrary. I would like to point out that it was in no way a prerequisite for gaining Stallman's cooperation in the making of this book. I came to it of my own accord, partly because of the operating system's modular nature and the community surrounding it, and partly because of the apolitical nature of the Linux name. Given that this is a biography of Richard Stallman, it seemed inappropriate to define the operating system in apolitical terms.
In the final phases of the book, when it became clear that O'Reilly & Associates would be the book's publisher, Stallman did make it a condition that I use "GNU/Linux" instead of Linux if O'Reilly expected him to provide promotional support for the book after publication. When informed of this, I relayed my earlier decision and left it up to Stallman to judge whether the resulting book met this condition or not. At the time of this writing, I have no idea what Stallman's judgment will be.
A similar situation surrounds the terms "free software" and "open source." Again, I have opted for the more politically laden "free software" term when describing software programs that come with freely copyable and freely modifiable source code. Although more popular, I have chosen to use the term "open source" only when referring to groups and businesses that have championed its usage. But for a few instances, the terms are completely interchangeable, and in making this decision I have followed the advice of Christine Peterson, the person generally credited with coining the term. "The `free software' term should still be used in circumstances where it works better," Peterson writes. "[Open source] caught on mainly because a new term was greatly needed, not because it's ideal."
This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License.
The Terms of use of the Wikimedia Foundation require that GFDL-licensed text imported after November 2008 must also be dual-licensed with another compatible license. "Content available only under GFDL is not permissible" (§7.4). This does not apply to non-text media.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Foliage/Smiles

London: E. Mathews, page 26
SMILES
I saw a black girl once, As black as winter's night; Till through her parted lips There came a flood of light; It was the milky way Across her face so black: Her two lips closed again, And night came back.
I see a maiden now, Fair as a summer's day; Yet through her parted lips I see the milky way; It makes the broad daylight In summer time look black: Her two lips close again, And night comes back.
# Foliage/Sweet Birds, I come

London: E. Mathews, page 38
SWEET BIRDS, I COME
The bird that now On bush and tree, Near leaves so green Looks down to see Flowers looking up— He either sings In ecstasy Or claps his wings.
Why should I slave For finer dress Or ornaments; Will flowers smile less For rags than silk? Are birds less dumb For tramp than squire? Sweet birds, I come.
# Foliage/The Fog

London: E. Mathews, page 42
THE FOG
I saw the fog grow thick, Which soon made blind my ken; It made tall men of boys, And giants of tall men.
It clutched my throat, I coughed; Nothing was in my head Except two heavy eyes Like balls of burning lead.
And when it grew so black That I could know no place, I lost all judgment then, Of distance and of space.
The street lamps, and the lights Upon the halted cars, Could either be on earth Or be the heavenly stars.
A man passed by me close, I asked my way, he said, "Come, follow me, my friend"— I followed where he led.
He rapped the stones in front, "Trust me," he said, "and come"; I followed like a child— A blind man led me home.
# Foliage/Seeking Joy

London: E. Mathews, page 20
SEEKING JOY
Joy, how I sought thee! Silver I spent and gold, On the pleasures of this world, In splendid garments clad; The wine I drank was sweet, Rich morsels I did eat— Oh, but my life was sad! Joy, how I sought thee!
Joy, I have found thee! Far from the halls of Mirth, Back to the soft green earth, Where people are not many; I find thee, Joy, in hours With clouds, and birds, and flowers— Thou dost not charge one penny. Joy, I have found thee!
# Foliage/The Bird-Man

London: E. Mathews, page 31
THE BIRD-MAN
Man is a bird: He rises on fine wings Into the Heaven's clear light; He flies away and sings— There's music in his flight.
Man is a bird: In swiftest speed he burns, With twist and dive and leap; A bird whose sudden turns Can drive the frightened sheep.
Man is a bird: Over the mountain high, Whose head is in the skies, Cut from its shoulder by A cloud—the bird-man flies.
Man is a bird: Eagles from mountain crag Swooped down to prove his worth; But now they rise to drag Him down from Heaven to earth!
# Foliage/The Church Organ

London: E. Mathews, page 33
THE CHURCH ORGAN
The homeless man has heard thy voice, Its sound doth move his memory deep; He stares bewildered, as a man That's shook by earthquake in his sleep.
Thy solemn voice doth bring to mind The days that are forever gone: Thou bringest to mind our early days, Ere we made second homes or none.
# Foliage/Poor Kings

London: E. Mathews, page 23
POOR KINGS
God's pity on poor kings, They know no gentle rest; The North and South cry out, Cries come from East and West— "Come, open this new Dock, Building, Bazaar or Fair." Lord, what a wretched life Such men must bear.
They're followed, watched and spied, No liberty they know; Some eye will watch them still, No matter where they go. When in green lanes I muse, Alone, and hear birds sing, God's pity then, say I, On some poor king.
# Gesta Romanorum Vol. I (1871)/Of the Rigor of Death

TALE XXXI.
OF THE RIGOR OF DEATH.
We read, that at the death of Alexander, a golden sepulchre was constructed, and that a ​number of philosophers assembled round it. One said—"Yesterday, Alexander made a treasure of gold: and now gold makes a treasure of him." Another observed—"Yesterday, the whole world was not enough to satiate his ambition; to-day, three or four ells of cloth are more than sufficient." A third said—"Yesterday, Alexander commanded the people; to-day the people command him." Another said—"Yesterday, Alexander could enfranchise thousands; to-day he cannot free himself from the bonds of death." Another remarked—"Yesterday, he pressed the earth; to-day it oppresses him." "Yesterday," continued another, "All men feared Alexander; to-day men repute him nothing." Another said, "Yesterday, Alexander had a multitude of friends; to-day, not one." Another said, "Yesterday, Alexander led on an army; to-day, that army bears him to the grave."
APPLICATION.
My beloved, any one may be called Alexander who is rich and worldly-minded; and ​to him may the observations of the philosophers be truly applied.
# Gesta Romanorum Vol. I (1871)/Of the Sin of Pride

TALE XIX.
OF THE SIN OF PRIDE.
We read in the Roman annals, (i. e. Gesta Romanorum) of a prince called Pompey. He was united to the daughter of a nobleman, whose name was Cæsar. It was agreed ​between them to bring the whole world into subjection; and with this view Pompey gave instructions to his associate to possess himself of certain distant fortresses: for the latter being a young man, it became him to be most active and vigilant. In the mean while, Pompey, as the chief person of the commonwealth, endeavoured to guard it against the machinations of their enemies; and appointed a particular day for the return of Cæsar—in failure of which, his property was to be confiscated to the use of the Roman empire. Five years were allowed him; and Cæsar, assembling a large army, marched rapidly into the country he was about to attack. But the inhabitants being warlike, and aware of his approach, he was unable to subdue them in the specified time. Caring, therefore, to offend Pompey, less than to relinquish his conquests, he continued abroad considerably beyond the five years; and was consequently banished the empire, and his wealth appropriated by the government. When Cæsar had concluded the campaign he turned towards Rome, marching with his forces ​across a river, distinguished by the name of Rubicon. Here a phantom of immense stature, standing in the middle of the water, opposed his passage. It said, "Cæsar, if your purpose be the welfare of the state—pass on; but if not, beware how you advance another step." Cæsar replied, "I have long fought for, and am still prepared to undergo every hardship in defence of Rome; of which I take the gods whom I worship to be my witnesses." As he said this, the phantom vanished. Cæsar then turning a little to the right, crossed the river; but having effected his passage, he paused on the opposite bank:—"I have rashly promised peace;" said he, "for in this case, I must relinquish my just right." From that hour he pursued Pompey with the utmost virulence, even to the death; and was himself slain afterwards by a band of conspirators. (19)
APPLICATION.
My beloved, by Pompey understand the Creator of all things; Cæsar signifies Adam, ​who was the first man. His daughter is the soul, betrothed to God. Adam was placed in Paradise to cultivate and to guard it; but not fulfilling the condition imposed upon him, like Cæsar, he was expelled his native country. The Rubicon is baptism, by which mankind re-enters a state of blessedness.
Note 19.Page 99.
This story is evidently built upon a confused tradition of Cæsar and Pompey. "It was impossible," says Warton, "that the Roman History could pass through the dark ages without being infected with many romantic corruptions. Indeed, the Roman was almost the only ancient history which the ​readers of those ages knew: and what related even to pagan Rome, the parent of the more modern papal metropolis of Christianity was regarded with a superstitious veneration, and often magnified with miraculous additions." Diss. on the Gest. Rom.
# Gesta Romanorum Vol. I (1871)/Of the beauty of a faithful Mind

TALE LXII.
OF THE BEAUTY OF A FAITHFUL MIND.
When Salus was emperor, there lived a very beautiful woman whose name was Florentina. She was so remarkably handsome, that three kings sought her love, by one of whom she was abused. This occasioned a war between them, and great numbers of men fell on both sides. But the nobles, unwilling to see so much waste of blood, interfered, and addressing the emperor, bade him observe, that unless a stop was put to the virulent animosity which ​divided them, the whole kingdom would be annihilated. The emperor, duly considering what had been said, directed letters, impressed with the royal signet, to be sent to the fair occasion of the war; by which, without delay, she was commanded to appear before him. A herald bore the mandate, but before he could deliver it she died. The herald, therefore, returned, and the emperor, very much regretting that he had lost sight of so beautiful a woman, caused all the best artists in the kingdom to be summoned into his presence. When they were assembled, he spoke as follows: "My friends, the reason that I have sent for you is this. There was a very beautiful woman, named Florentina, for whose love a great number of men have lost their lives. She died before I had an opportunity of seeing her. Do ye go, therefore; paint her to the life, as she was in all her beauty. Thus shall I discover wherefore so many were sacrificed." The artists, answered, "Your majesty wishes a thing which is very difficult to execute. Her beauty was so surpassing, that not all the artists in the world, save one, would be able to do her ​justice; and he hides himself amongst the mountains. But he alone can perfectly fulfil your desires." On receiving this information, messengers were despatched in pursuit of him. He was soon found, and brought before the curious monarch, who commanded him to paint Florentina as she appeared when living; and if he did it, his reward should be royal. "Your request is extremely difficult," said the painter, "nevertheless, cause all the beautiful women in your kingdom to come before me for an hour at least, and I will do as you desire." The emperor complied, and made them stand in his presence. From these the artist selected four, and permitted the rest to return home. Then he commenced his labours. First, he laid on a coat of red colour; and whatever was exquisitely beautiful in the four women, that he copied in his painting. In this manner it received its completion; and when the emperor beheld it, he said, "Oh, Florentina, had you lived to eternity, you ought to have loved that painter who has represented you in so much beauty." ​
APPLICATION.
My beloved, the emperor is God; the beautiful Florentina is the soul. The three kings, the devil, the world, and the flesh. The nobles are the patriarchs and prophets, who were the mediators between God and man. The painters are the angels and men, amongst whom there was found no one who would rescue the soul from death. The artist who came from the mountains is Christ. The red colour is blood; the four women are existence, growth, feeling, and understanding.
# Gesta Romanorum Vol. I (1871)/Of the cure of the Soul

TALE LXV.
OF THE CURE OF THE SOUL.
A king once undertook a journey from one state to another. After much travel, he came to a certain cross, which was covered with inscriptions. On one side was written, "Oh, king, if you ride this way, you yourself will find good entertainment, but your horse will get nothing to eat." On another part appeared as follows: "If you ride this road, your horse will be admirably attended to, but you will get nothing for yourself." Again, on a ​third place was inscribed: "If you walk this path, you will find entertainment both for yourself and horse; but before you depart, you will be miserably beaten." On a fourth part of the cross it was said: "If you walk this way, they will serve you diligently, but they will detain your horse, and oblige you to proceed the rest of your journey on foot." When the king had read the inscriptions, he began, to consider which of the evils he should chuse. He determined at length upon the first; "For," said he learnedly, "I shall fare very well myself, though my horse starve; and the night will soon pass away." On this, he struck the spurs into his horse; and arrived at the castle of a knight who entreated him courteously, but gave his steed little or nothing. In the morning, he rode on to his own palace, and related all that he had seen.
APPLICATION.
My beloved, the king is any good Christian, who journeys for the safety of his soul. The ​horse which he rides is the body, composed of the four elements. The cross is conscience, which points out the way, and explains the consequences attending it.
# Gesta Romanorum Vol. I (1871)/Of the Measure of Temptation, and of Skill

TALE XL.
ON THE MEASURE OF TEMPTATION, AND OF SKILL.
Macrobius relates, (38) that a certain soldier, in consequence of something he had witnessed, suspected his wife of transferring her affections from himself to another. He interrogated her on the subject, but she vehemently and loudly denied it. Not satisfied with her asseverations, the soldier enquired for a cunning clerk; and having found such as he wanted, he proposed to him the question which disturbed his rest. The clerk answered, "Unless I am permitted to see and converse with the lady, I cannot take upon me to decide." "I pray you, then," said the soldier, "dine with me to-day, and I will give you ​the opportunity you require." Accordingly the clerk went to the soldier's house to dinner. The meal being concluded, our clerk entered into conversation with the suspected lady, and spoke to her on various topics. This done, he took hold of her hand; and, as if accidentally, pressed his finger upon her pulse. Then, in a careless tone, adverting to the person whom she was presumed to love, her pulse immediately quickened to a surprizing degree, and acquired a feverish heat. By and by the clerk mentioned her husband, and spoke of him in much the same way as he had done of the other; when the motion of her pulse abated, and its heat was entirely lost. Whereby he plainly perceived that her affections were alienated; and, moreover, that they were placed upon the very person respecting whom she had been accused. Thus, by the management of a learned clerk, the soldier ascertained the truth of his suspicion. ​
APPLICATION.
My beloved, the soldier is Christ, who, having warred in our behalf against the devil, was joined to the soul in baptism, which is emblemed by the wife. That wife too often regards another—that is, the world. As the motion of the pulse revealed the lady's attachment, so does the beating of the heart, our love of worldly vanities.
Note 38.Page 148.
Macrobius, I believe, furnishes no relation resembling the present: nor is it likely, perhaps.
# Gesta Romanorum Vol. I (1871)/Of the Precaution necessary to prevent Error

TALE XXXVIII.
OF THE PRECAUTION NECESSARY TO PREVENT ERROR.
In the reign of the emperor Henry II., a certain city was besieged by its enemies. Before they had reached its walls, a dove alighted in the city, around whose neck a letter was suspended which bore the following inscription. "The generation of dogs is at hand; it will prove a quarrelsome breed; procure aid, and defend yourselves resolutely against it."
APPLICATION.
My beloved, the dove is the Holy Spirit, which thus descended on Christ.
# God Manifest/Conclusion

CONCLUSION.
PRACTICAL INFERENCES.
# God Manifest/Part 1

PART I.
THE EVIDENCE THAT THERE IS A BEING, ALL-POWERFUL, WISE, AND GOOD, BY WHOM EVERYTHING EXISTS.
# Glavey v. United States

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
182 U.S. 595
Glavey v. United States
Argued: April 11, 12, 1901. --- Decided: May 27, 1901
Messrs. R. D. Benedict and E. S. Mussey for appellant.
Assistant Attorney General Pradt and Mr. Felix Brannigan for appellee.
Mr. Justice Harlan delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Gleason v. District of Columbia

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
127 U.S. 133
Gleason v. District of Columbia
Argued: April 10, 1888 April 23, 1888. ---
V. B. Edwards and Eppa Hunton, for appellant.
Atty. Gen. Garland, Asst. Atty. Gen. Howard, and F. P. Dewees, for appellee.
MILLER, J.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Glasses

* "Glasses" in The Atlantic Monthly 77 (460) (February 1896): 145–173.
    — First publication in any form
* "Glasses" in Embarrassments (London: William Heinemann, 1896): 69–149.
    — English first book edition
* "Glasses" in Embarrassments (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1896): 85–180.
    — American first book edition
* "Glasses" in Embarrassments (London: William Heinemann, 1897): 69–149.
    — Second impression of the English first book edition
* "Glasses" in Embarrassments (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1897): 85–180.
    — Second impression of the American first book edition
* Glasses (London: Martin Secker, 1916)
    — Part of the English issue of the"The Uniform Tales of Henry James". This is the only volume of the Uniform Tales that was revised for publication by James; all other volumes followed the "New York Edition" text, but this story did not appear in the New York Edition.
* Glasses (Boston: Le Roy Phillips, 1917)
    — Part of the first American issue of "The Uniform Tales of Henry James".
* "Glasses" in Lord Beaupré, The Visits, The Wheel of Time and Other Tales (London: Macmillan & Co., 1923): 187–253.
    — Volume 27 of The Novels and Stories of Henry James, the first posthumous collection of James' works; uses the "Uniform Edition" text.
# Gleanings from Spain

Serialized article, as published in Once a Week.
* Part 1
* Part 2
* Part 3
# Gonzales v. Williams

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
Gonzáles v. Williams, was argued in the U.S. Supreme Court on December 4 and 7, 1903 and was presided by Chief Justice Melville Weston Fuller. The case sparked the administrative, legal, and media discussions about the status of Puerto Ricans. On January 4, 1904, the Court determined that under the immigration laws González was not an alien, and therefore could not be denied entry into New York. The court, however declined to declare that she was a U.S. citizen. The question of the citizenship status of the inhabitants of the new island territories, their situation remained confusing, ambiguous, and contested. Puerto Ricans came to be known as something in between: "noncitizen nationals." Warning: template has been deprecated.
United States Supreme Court
192 U.S. 1
Gonzales v. Williams
Argued: December 4, 7, 1903. --- Decided: January, 4, 1904
Messrs. Frederic R. Coudert, Jr., Paul Fuller, and Charles E. LeBarbier, and, by special leave, Mr. Federico Degetau for appellant.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 1-4 intentionally omitted]
Solicitor General Hoyt for appellee.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 4-7 intentionally omitted]
Mr. Chief Justice Fuller delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Gonzales v. United States (348 U.S. 407)/Dissent Reed

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
* Dissenting Opinions Reed Minton
United States Supreme Court
348 U.S. 407
Gonzales v. United States (348 U.S. 407)
Argued: Feb. 1, 2, 1955. --- Decided: March 14, 1955
Mr. Justice REED, with whom Mr. Justice BURTON joins, dissenting.
I would affirm. The prescribed procedure, including especially the hearing before a hearing officer, provided adequate protection for petitioner, and I find no express or implied statutory or administrative requirement that the Department of Justice send to petitioner a copy of its advisory report to the Appeal Board.
The report of the Department of Justice is advisory only. As the registrant has, under Selective Service Regulations, 32 CFR § 1606.32(a)(1), a right to examine the report, as well as all other information in the file, and under § 1625(1) and (2) reopen the classification on a showing of error, the 'fair and just' requirement for a hearing is satisfied. United States v. Nugent, 346 U.S. 1, 73 S.Ct. 991, 97 L.Ed. 1417.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Gonzales v. United States (364 U.S. 59)

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
364 U.S. 59
Gonzales v. United States (364 U.S. 59)
Argued: May 2, 1960. --- Decided: June 27, 1960
Mr. Hayden C. Covington, Brooklyn, N.Y., for petitioner.
Mr. Daniel M. Friedman, Washington, D.C., for respondent.
Mr. Justice CLARK delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse