OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1927 supplement/Gough, Charles John Stanley

​GOUGH, Sir CHARLES JOHN STANLEY (1832–1912), general, the second son of George Gough, Bengal civil service, of Rathronan, Clonmel, co. Tipperary, by his wife, Charlotte Margaret, daughter of Charles Becher, of Tonbridge, Kent, was born at Chittagong, India, 28 January 1832. Family tradition destined the boy to a soldier’s career in India, where ​his great-uncle, Field-Marshal Viscount Gough [q.v.], was commander-in-chief. In March 1848 a commission was obtained for him in the 8th Bengal Cavalry, and he served throughout the second Sikh War (1848–1849). He distinguished himself during the Indian Mutiny, first in the Guide Corps and afterwards in Hodson’s Irregular Horse, and took part in the siege of Delhi, in Sir James Outram’s operations near Alumbagh, and in the capture of Lucknow. He received the Victoria cross for four separate acts of gallantry in the course of the Mutiny; in one of these he saved the life of his younger brother, (Sir) Hugh Henry Gough [q.v.], and in another (18 August 1857) he led a troop of Guide cavalry in a successful charge and a hand-to-hand combat. Gough saw further service in the Bhootan expedition of 1864–1865, and commanded a brigade in the Afghan campaign of 1878–1879, receiving the special praise of the commander-in-chief for an independent action on 2 April 1879, in which he defeated the Kuggianis, an Afghan tribe, at Futtehabad. At the end of the same year, when Sir Frederick (afterwards Earl) Roberts [q.v.] was besieged by the Afghans in his cantonment at Sherpur, near Kabul, he ordered Gough to advance from Gundamuk to his assistance, and the march of seventy miles through hostile country was one of the most adventurous of the war, for the transport was miserable and the weather severe. It was accomplished in less than four days, and Gough’s approach (23 December) led the Afghans to attack, and thus gave Roberts his opportunity. For his services Gough was created K.C.B. (1881). He subsequently commanded the Hyderabad Contingent (1881), and his last employment was the charge of a division of the Bengal army (1886–1890). He was promoted general in 1891, and retired in 1895, receiving the G.C.B. He spent his last years in Ireland. In 1897 he published, in collaboration with A. D. Innes, a volume entitled The Sikhs, and the Sikh War, in which he defended the military policy of his great-uncle. He died at Innislonagh, Clonmel, 6 September 1912. Gough married in 1869 Harriette Anastasia, daughter of John W. Power, formerly M.P. for county Waterford; by her he had two sons, Lieutenant-General Sir Hubert de la Poer Gough, and Brigadier-General John Edmond Gough [q.v.].
[Army Lists; The Times, 7 September 1912; Lord Roberts, Forty-one Years in India, 1897; R. S. Rait, Life of Field-Marshal Sir Frederick Haines, 1911.]
R. S. R.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1927 supplement/Gough, John Edmond

​GOUGH, JOHN EDMOND (1871–1915), brigadier-general, the younger son of General Sir Charles John Stanley Gough [q.v.], was born 25 October 1871 at Murree, India, and was educated at Eton. He received a commission in the Rifle Brigade in March 1892, and was promoted lieutenant in the following year. He served in British Central Africa (1896–1897), in the Nile expedition (1898), and throughout the South African War, taking part in the defence of Ladysmith and in subsequent operations in Natal and in the Transvaal. In 1902–1903 Gough was a staff officer in the Somaliland expedition, and, while commanding a force at Daratoleh, he, with some companions, rescued a wounded officer, returning in a shower of bullets and fighting his way back through the ranks of the enemy. For this exploit he was awarded in 1903 the Victoria cross, which, having been won by his father and his uncle, had almost become a family distinction. He was promoted brevet lieutenant-colonel in the same year, and in 1905 he graduated at the Staff College. In 1907 he became brevet colonel and aide-de-camp to the King and was appointed to the command in Somaliland, where he served in 1908–1909 as inspector-general of the King’s African Rifles. From 1909–1913 he was a general staff officer at the Staff College, and, at the outbreak of the European War, occupied the position of a brigadier-general on the general staff. In the first six months of the war he served on the staff of Sir Douglas Haig, and by his scientific knowledge of his profession, his sound judgement, the vigour of his personality, and what has been described as his ‘flair and instinct for military operations’, he made a deep impression on all ranks of the army and raised high expectations of his future. While inspecting trenches on 20 February 1915 he was hit by a ricochet bullet and died at Estaires two days later. Sir John French in his dispatch of 5 April expressed his ‘deep sense of the loss incurred by the army in general and by the forces in France in particular’, by Gough’s death, and added, ‘I always regarded General Gough as one of our most promising military leaders of the future’. The honour of K.C.B. was conferred upon him posthumously on 20 April. Gough married in 1907 Dorothea, daughter of General Sir Charles Keyes, and left one daughter.
[Army Lists; The Times, 24 February 1915.]
R. S. R.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1927 supplement/Gould, Nathaniel

​GOULD, NATHANIEL (1857–1919), known as Nat Gould, novelist, was born at Manchester 21 December 1857, the only child of Nathaniel Gould, tea-merchant, of that city, by his wife, Mary Wright. After leaving the private school at Southport where he was educated, Gould alternated between the tea trade and farming with an uncle in Derbyshire; and then, about 1878, became a journalist on the staff of the Newark Advertiser. In 1884 he went to Australia, where during eleven years he worked successively in Brisbane, Sydney, Bathurst, and Sydney again, on the staffs of different newspapers. His journalism was chiefly concerned with horse-racing, but he also wrote short stories and, later, a serial. The publication of the latter in book form was arranged for by Messrs. Routledge, who bought at the same time the book rights in two other serials. Gould ascribed the immense success of this first book, The Double Event (1891), to the coincidence of its publication with the Melbourne Cup meeting—the great racing event of the year in Australia. Thenceforward he and his publishers could count upon purchasers by the hundred thousand for his rapid output of new books.
Gould married at Brisbane in 1886 Elizabeth Madeleine, daughter of Francis Ruska, and by her he had three sons and two daughters. In 1895 he brought his family to England, settling in Middlesex, at Feltham and afterwards at Bedfont.
First with Messrs. Routledge and then, in 1903, with Mr. John Long, Gould entered into, and kept, engagements to supply four novels and one shorter story each year. At his death he had written about one hundred and thirty books, of which twenty-two were still waiting to be put into print at the rate of five each year. This has since been done. The number of copies of his books sold up to the present has been calculated at twenty-four millions.
Gould was on easy terms with his publishers, with life, and with his work. He never haggled for terms nor exaggerated his importance. He disclaimed any pretensions to ‘literature’ or ‘style’, setting himself to write stories that should hold the attention from beginning to end. He was proud of the verdict of a clergyman. that they ‘could be safely put into the hands of any youth or girl’. His stories were always concerned with horse-racing, and he seems never to have been troubled by any suspicion of the harmfulness of betting. Besides fiction he wrote two books on Australian life, On and Off the Turf in Australia (1895) and Town and Bush (1896), as well as The Magic of Sport: mainly Autobiographical (1909). He died 25 July 1919 at Bedfont, and was buried at Ashbourne, Derbyshire.
[Nat Gould, The Magic of Sport; private information.]
F. P.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Whin-Chat

Edition of 1802.
​WHIN-CHAT, or Motacilla rubetra, L. a bird found on British heaths and commons, during the summer months: it is about five inches in length; the upper parts of its body being blackish, edged with rufous spots, and the lower extremities are reddish-white; but the legs are black.
Whin-chats build their nests early in the spring, near some low bush or stone; where the female deposits five dusky-white eggs, marked with black spots.—These birds subsist principally on insects; and, when fat, the flavour of their flesh is esteemed equal to that of the Ortolan.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/White-of-an-egg

Edition of 1802.
​White-of-an-egg. See Albumen.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Whey

Edition of 1802.
​WHEY, is the serum or watery part of milk, which remains after the cream and coagulable matter of that fluid are removed, either by churning, or by separating it with Rennet, vinegar, cream of tartar, &c.
Whey is an agreeable and wholesome liquid: the best is that separated by rennet; as a considerable portion of curd and saccharine particles are suspended in it; whereas the serum, arising from the spontaneous decomposition of milk, possesses an acid taste, is totally divested of the nourishing properties of milk; and ought to be used only in certain cases of fever, or inflammation. On the other hand, the latter is a pleasant, cooling, beverage, during the heat of summer, and may be advantageously drunk by the scorbutic and consumptive.
Scalding Whey is prepared by a simple expedient, adopted in the midland counties, for improving the quality of Whey Butter. It consists in suspending each meal of cream, as it is taken off the whey, over the fire, till it become scalding hot; care being taken that it may not boil. Thus, the butter is greatly improved; and, if the milk have become rancid or bitter, from the cows having eaten turnips, or barley-straw, such disagreeable taste will be completely removed.
Mustard Whey is made by boiling 1 1/2 oz. of mustard in a pint of milk, and an equal portion of water, till the curd be entirely separated; after which the liquid is strained through a cloth. This preparation is one of the most pleasant and efficacious forms, in which mustard can be taken; the dose being one tea-cupful, which may be sweetened with a little sugar, and taken three or four times in the course of the day.
White-wine Whey is made by pouring equal parts of white wine and skimmed milk into a bason; and, after they have stood for a few minutes, by adding a double portion of boiling water. In a short time, the curd will collect, and subside at the bottom: the whey is now to be strained into another vessel, and sweetened with sugar: a sprig of balm or slice of lemon will greatly improve its flavour.—This kind of whey affords a salubrious beverage; and, when taken immediately before retiring to bed, it is particularly serviceable to those who have undergone severe bodily fatigue; or been exposed to the inclemency of the weather; as it will excite a gentle perspiration, and thus obviate a sudden cold or catarrh.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/White-lead

Edition of 1802.
​White-lead. See Lead.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/White-rot

Edition of 1802.
​White-rot. See Penny-wort, the Marsh.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/White

Edition of 1802.
​White. See Colour-making; vol. ii. p. 36.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Whins

Edition of 1802.
​Whins. See Furze the Common.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Whiskey

Edition of 1802.
​WHISKEY, a spirituous liquor, chiefly prepared in Scotland and Ireland, by distilling barley.
With respect to its relative salubrity, whiskey is doubtless preferable to any home-made brandy drawn from malt; as the former, though strong, is not very pungent, and, if properly distilled, it is free of any empyreumatic taste or smell.—A moderate, and occasional use of it, by way of cordial, after great bodily fatigue, may, to some hard-labouring persons, not be injurious; but, when such practice is carried to excess, as in Scotland and Ireland, it deserves severe animadversion; and, though the legislature has wisely imposed heavy duties on the distilleries, we fear that the immense consumption of this liquid fire, can be prevented only by the most rigorous measures.—If, however, the lower classes of people cannot be legally restrained in their vicious propensities, the only remedy left to the power of government, would be the prohibition of employing grain for such vile and destructive purposes.—See the article Spirits, p. 118.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/White-beam

Edition of 1802.
​White-beam. See Hawthorn.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/White-bottle

Edition of 1802.
​White-bottle. See Spatling-poppy.
# Eaton v. Brown

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
193 U.S. 411
Eaton v. Brown
Argued: March 3, 1904. --- Decided: March 14, 1904
Messrs. J. Altheus Johnson and Joseph A. Burkart for appellant and plaintiff in error.
Mr. Thomas Watts for appellees and defendants in error.
Mr. Justice Holmes delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Ebeling v. Morgan

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
237 U.S. 625
Ebeling v. Morgan
Argued: and submitted April 7, 1915. --- Decided: June 1, 1915
Messrs. Frans E. Lindquist, William P. Borland, Martin J. Ostergard, Charles S. McLane, Edwin J. Shannahan, Oscar F. Wimmer, Herman D. Kissenger, Leonard Waddell, Luther N. Dempsey, and Ira S. Gardner for appellant.
Assistant Attorney General Wallace for appellee.
Mr. Justice Day delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Eaton v. Boston Safe Deposit & Trust Company

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
240 U.S. 427
Eaton v. Boston Safe Deposit & Trust Company
Argued: February 28, 1916. --- Decided: March 13, 1916
Mr. Gilbert E. Kemp for plaintiff in error.
Messrs. Raymond H. Oveson, Alexander Kendall, and Matthew Hale for defendants in error.
Mr. Justice Holmes delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Ebb-Tide

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "Ebb-Tide."
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Wikidata item.
This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* Ebb-Tide , a poem by Guy Wetmore Carryl
* Ebb-Tide , a poem by Sara Teasdale
* The Ebb-Tide, novella by Robert Louis Stevenson and Lloyd Osbourne
# Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Census

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Census: There are five instances of a census of the Jewish people having been taken. (1.) In the fourth month after the Exodus, when the people were encamped at Sinai. The number of men from twenty years old and upward was then 603,550 (Ex. 38:26). (2.) Another census was made just before the entrance into Canaan, when the number was found to be 601,730, showing thus a small decrease (Num. 26:51). (3.) The next census was in the time of David, when the number, exclusive of the tribes of Levi and Benjamin, was found to be 1,300,000 (2 Sam. 24:9; 1 Chr. 21:5). (4.) Solomon made a census of the foreigners in the land, and found 153,600 able-bodied workmen (2 Chr. 2:17, 18). (5.) After the return from Exile the whole congregation of Israel was numbered, and found to amount to 42,360 (|Ezra 2:64). A census was made by the Roman government in the time of our Lord (Luke 2:1). (See [107]TAXING.)
# Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Cesarea

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Cesarea ; See CAESAREA.
# Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Chaff

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Chaff : The refuse of winnowed corn. It was usually burned (Ex. 15:7; Isa. 5:24; Matt. 3:12). This word sometimes, however, means dried grass or hay (Isa. 5:24; 33:11). Chaff is used as a figure of abortive wickedness (Ps. 1:4; Matt. 3:12). False doctrines are also called chaff (Jer. 23:28), or more correctly rendered "chopped straw." The destruction of the wicked, and their powerlessness, are likened to the carrying away of chaff by the wind (Isa. 17:13; Hos. 13:3; Zephaniah 2:2).
# Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Censer

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Censer: the vessel in which incense was presented on "the golden altar" before the Lord in the temple (Exodus 30:1-9). The priest filled the censer with live coal from the sacred fire on the altar of burnt-offering, and having carried it into the sanctuary, there threw upon the burning coals the sweet incense (Leviticus 16:12,13), which sent up a cloud of smoke, filling the apartment with fragrance. The censers in daily use were of brass (Numbers 16:39), and were designated by a different Hebrew name, miktereth (2 Chronicles 26:19; Ezekiel 8:11): while those used on the day of Atonement were of gold, and were denoted by a word (mahtah) meaning "something to take fire with;" LXX. pureion = a fire-pan. Solomon prepared for the temple censers of pure gold (1 Kings 7:50; 2 Chronicles 4:22). The angel in the Apocalypse is represented with a golden censer (Revelation 8:3,5).
Paul speaks of the golden censer as belonging to the tabernacle (Hebrews 9:4). The Greek word thumiaterion, here rendered "censer," may more appropriately denote, as in the margin of Revised Version, "the altar of incense." Paul does not here say that the thumiaterion was in the holiest, for it was in the holy place, but that the holiest had it, i.e., that it belonged to the holiest (1 Kings 6:22). It was intimately connected with the high priest's service in the holiest.
The manner in which the censer is to be used is described in Numbers 4:14; Leviticus 16:12.
# Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Centurion

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Centurion : A Roman officer in command of a hundred men (Mark 15:39, 44, 45). Cornelius, the first Gentile convert, was a centurion (Acts 10:1, 22). Other centurions are mentioned in Matt. 8:5, 8, 13; Luke 7:2, 6; Acts 21:32; 22:25, 26; 23:17, 23; 24:23; 27:1, 6, 11, 31, 43; 28:16. A centurion watched the crucifixion of our Lord (Matt. 27:54; Luke 23:47), and when he saw the wonders attending it, exclaimed, "Truly this man was the Son of God." "The centurions mentioned in the New Testament are uniformly spoken of in terms of praise, whether in the Gospels or in the Acts. It is interesting to compare this with the statement of Polybius (vi. 24), that the centurions were chosen by merit, and so were men remarkable not so much for their daring courage as for their deliberation, constancy, and strength of mind.", Dr. Maclear's N. T. Hist.
# Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Chain

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Chain:
(1.) A part of the insignia of office. A chain of gold was placed about Joseph's neck (Gen. 41:42); and one was promised to Daniel (5:7). It is used as a symbol of sovereignty (Ezek. 16:11). The breast-plate of the high-priest was fastened to the ephod by golden chains (Ex. 39:17, 21).
(2.) It was used as an ornament (Prov. 1:9; [[../Solomon, Song of|Cant.]] 1:10). The Midianites adorned the necks of their camels with chains (Judg. 8:21, 26).
(3.) Chains were also used as fetters wherewith prisoners were bound (Judg. 16:21; 2 Sam. 3:34; 2 Kings 25:7; Jer. 39:7). Paul was in this manner bound to a Roman soldier (Acts 28:20; Eph. 6:20; 2 Tim. 1:16). Sometimes, for the sake of greater security, the prisoner was attached by two chains to two soldiers, as in the case of Peter (Acts 12:6).
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Chalcedony
# Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Cephas

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* D
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Cephas : A Syriac surname given by Christ to Simon (John 1:42), meaning "rock." The Greeks translated it by Petros, and the Latins by Petrus.