OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Washbourne, Thomas

1904 Errata appended.
​WASHBOURNE, THOMAS (1606–1687), canon of Gloucester, born in 1606, was younger son of John Washbourne of Wichenford, Worcestershire, by his second wife, Elenor, daughter of Richard Lygon (d. 1584) of Madresfield, ancestor of the earls Beauchamp. The Washbourne family had been settled in Gloucestershire for several centuries. Thomas entered Balliol College, Oxford, as a commoner in 1622, and graduated B.A. on 13 Feb. 1625–6, M.A. on 25 June 1628, and B.D. on 1 April 1636. In 1639 he was made rector of Loddington, Northamptonshire, and in 1640 of Dumbleton, Gloucestershire. In 1643 he was nominated to a prebend in Gloucestershire Cathedral, and is said to have been installed in the night owing to the civil war. He does not seem to have been ejected from his livings during the Commonwealth (Walker, Sufferings, ii. 33), but at the Restoration he was formally presented to his prebend on 23 July 1660 and admitted 7 Aug.; nine days later he was created D.D. at Oxford. From 1660 to 1668 he was vicar of St. Mary's, ​Gloucester. He died there on 6 May 1687, and was buried in the cathedral. By his wife, a daughter of Dr. Samuel Fell [q. v.], he had a large family.
Washbourne published two sermons and ‘Divine Poems,’ London, 1654, 8vo. Prefixed to the latter are ‘Verses to his Friend Thomas Washbourne,’ by Edward Phillips [q. v.], Milton's nephew. Specimens from Washbourne's poems are printed in Brydges's ‘British Bibliographer’ (iv. 45), and the whole work was edited, with a biographical introduction, by Dr. A. B. Grosart, in the ‘Fuller Worthies Library,’ 1868.
[Works in Brit. Mus. Libr.; Wood's Athenæ, ed. Bliss, iv. 212; Masson's Milton, v. 179, 226–227; Foster's Alumni Oxon. 1500–1714; Rudder's Gloucestershire, 1781, pp. 359–60; Bigland's Gloucestershire Collections; Le Neve's Fasti, i. 449; Lansd. MS. 860, art. 164.]
A. F. P.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.275 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
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# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Washbourn, John

​WASHBOURN, JOHN (1760?–1829), local historian, son of John Washbourn (d. 1824?), was descended from an ancient Gloucestershire family (Burke, Commoners, iii. 621; cf. art. Washbourne, Thomas), and was born at Gloucester in 1759 or 1760. He entered the business of his father, a printer and bookseller in Westgate Street, Gloucester, and both father and son were long connected with the corporation of that city. Their typography was noted for its accuracy; but Washbourn's chief claim to notice is his ‘Bibliotheca Gloucestrensis: a Collection of scarce and curious Tracts relating to the County and City of Gloucester illustrative of and published during the Civil War,’ Gloucester, 4to. The second part was published first in 1823, the first part, containing an historical introduction by John Webb [q. v.], not appearing till 1825. Washbourn died on 25 April 1829, aged 69, and was buried in the unitarian burial-ground at Gloucester, where also was buried his wife Mary, who died, aged 63, at Newent on 28 June 1833.
A. F. P.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Warton, Thomas (1688?-1745)

​WARTON, THOMAS, the elder (1688?–1745), professor of poetry at Oxford, born about 1688, was son of Antony Warton (1650-1715), vicar of Godalming. He matriculated from Hart Hall, Oxford, on 3 April 1706, but soon migrated to Magdalen College, where he held a demyship from 1706 to 1717, and a fellowship from 1717 to 1724. He graduated B.A. on 17 Feb. 1709–10, M.A. in 1712, and B.D. in 1725. In 1717–18 Warton circulated both in manuscript and in print a satire in verse on George I, which he entitled 'The Turnip Hoer,' and wrote lines for James III's picture. No copy of either com​position is now known. His Jacobite sympathies rendered him popular in the university, and he was elected professor of poetry, in succession to Joseph Trapp [q. v.], on 17 July 1718. He was re-elected, in spite of the opposition of the Constitution Club, for a second term of five years in 1723. He retired from the professorship in 1728. He possessed small literary qualifications for the office, and his election provoked the sarcasm of Nicholas Amhurst [q. v.], who devoted three numbers of his 'Terrae Filius' (Nos. x. xv. xvi.) to an exposure of his incompetence. 'Squeaking Tom of Maudlin' is the sobriquet Amhurst conferred on him. After 1723 Warton ceased to reside regularly in Oxford. In that year he became vicar of Basingstoke, Hampshire, and master of the grammar school there. Among his pupils was the great naturalist Gilbert White [q. v.] He remained at Basingstoke till his death, but with the living he held successively the vicarages of Framfield, Sussex (1726), of Woking, Surrey, from 1727, and of Cobham, Surrey. He died at Basingstoke on 10 Sept. 1745, and was buried in the church there. He married Elizabeth, second daughter of Joseph Richardson, rector of Dunsfold, Surrey, and left two sons, Joseph and Thomas, both of whom are noticed separately, and a daughter Jane, who died unmarried at Wickham, Hampshire, on 3 Nov. 1809, at the age of eighty-seven (Gent. Mag. 1809, ii. 1175).
Warton was a writer of occasional verse, but published none collectively in his lifetime. After his death his son Joseph issued, by subscription, 'Poems on several Occasions by the Rev. Thomas Warton,' London, 1748, 8vo. Some 'runic' odes are included, and are said to have drawn the attention of the poet Gray to 'runic' topics. At the end of the volume are two elegies on the author–one by his daughter Jane, and the other by Joseph Warton, the editor.
[Bloxam's Reg. of Magdalen College, Oxford, vi. 169; Hearne's Collections (Oxford Hist. Soc.); Nichols's Lit. Anecd. ii. 373, vi. 168, 169, 171; Cary's Lives of English Poets, 1846.]
S. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Wasey, William

​WASEY, WILLIAM (1691–1757), physician, was son of William Wasey, an attorney, who resided at Brunstead in Norfolk, and was born there in 1691. He was educated for five years at Norwich grammar school, and was admitted a pensioner at Caius College, Cambridge, on 2 Nov. 1708. He was a scholar of the college from Michaelmas 1708 to Michaelmas 1715, and graduated B.A. in 1712–13 and M.A. in 1716. He matriculated at Leyden University on 1 Oct. 1716, but, returning to Cambridge, he graduated M.D. in 1723. He was admitted a candidate of the College of Physicians, London, on 23 Dec. 1723, and a fellow on 22 Dec. 1724. He was censor of the college in 1731, 1736, 1739, and 1748; was named an elect on 30 Aug. 1746; and was consiliarius in 1749 and 1754. On the death of James Jurin [q. v.] he was elected president, 2 April 1750, and was reappointed 1750, 1751, 1752, and 1753. He was chosen physician to the Westminster Hospital at its foundation in 1719, but resigned his office there in 1733, having been one of the six physicians appointed to St. George's Hospital at the first general board held on 19 Oct. of that year. He died on 1 April 1757. His library was sold by auction soon after his death.
W. W. W.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Morehead, William

​MOREHEAD, WILLIAM (1637–1692), divine, born in 1637 in Lombard Street, London, was a nephew of General Monck [q. v.] He entered Winchester School at the age of eleven, and proceeded to New College, Oxford, where he graduated B.A. on 3 May 1660, and M.A. on 14 Jan. 1663. He was elected a fellow in 1658, and resigned in 1672. He was presented to the college living of Bucknell, Oxfordshire, by the warden and fellows of New College (14 July 1670), and also held the living of Whitfield in Northamptonshire, to which he was presented by Sir Thomas Spencer of Yarnton, Oxfordshire, lord of the manor. He chiefly resided there, employing a curate at Bucknell procedure which led to dissatisfaction among the parishioners, and a petition to the bishop in 1680 or 1681 for a resident minister.
Morehead died at Bucknell 18 Feb. 1691-2, and was buried there. He wrote 'Lachrymæ sive valedictio Scotiæ sub discessum clariss. prudentiss. et pientiss. gubernatoris D. Georgii Monachi in Anglia [sic] revocati,' London, 1660, in English and Latin, on opposite pages. He is also said to be the author of an English translation of Giordano Bruno's 'Spaccio della Bestia Trionfante;' fifty copies were printed by John Toland, 1713, 8vo (Brit. Mus.)
[Dunkin's Oxfordshire, i. 188–9; Kirby's Winchester Scholars, p. 184; Wood's Athenæ Oxon. iv. 353; Rawlinson MSS. D. 384, fol. 10; papers belonging to the archdeaconry of Oxford in the Bodleian Library, per the Rev. W. D. Macray.]
C. F. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Morehead, Charles

​MOREHEAD, CHARLES (1807–1882), member of the Bombay medical service, second son of Robert Morehead, rector of Easington in the North Riding of Yorkshire, and brother of William Ambrose Morehead [q. v.], was born at Edinburgh in 1807, and proceeded M.D. there. At Edinburgh his zeal for clinical medicine attracted the attention of Professor William Pulteney Alison [q. v.], and he continued his medical studies in Paris under Pierre Louis. In 1829 he entered the Bombay medical service, and was afterwards on the personal staff of the governor, Sir Robert Grant [q. v.] Morehead was the founder of native medical education in Western India. After Grant's death in 1838 he was appointed to the European and native general hospitals of Bombay, and it was owing to his efforts that the Grant Medical College at Bombay was erected as a memorial of Grant in 1845. Morehead was the first principal of the Grant College, and the first professor of medicine. He was also the first physician of the Jamsetjee Jejeebhoy Hospital, in which the students of the college receive their clinical instruction. He originated the Bombay Medical and Physical Society for the advancement of medical science and its collateral branches, and also the Grant College Medical Society, designed as a bond of union among former students of the college. He was the author of an elaborate work entitled 'Researches on the Diseases of India,' 1856, 2 vols. 8vo, which passed through two editions, and is a standard authority. He was elected a fellow of the College of Physicians. Morehead retired from the Bombay medical service in 1862. In 1881 he was created a companion of the order of the Indian Empire. He died at Wilton Castle, Yorkshire, the seat of his brother-in-law, Sir Charles Lowther, on 24 Aug. 1882. In 1844 he married Harriet Anne, daughter of George Barnes, first archdeacon of Bombay.
[This article is mainly based upon a notice of Dr. Morehead, published in 1882, Edinburgh. See also Times, 28 Aug. 1882, and Lancet, 1882, ii. 468.]
A. J. A.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Morell, Charles

​MORELL, Sir CHARLES (fl. 1790), ambassador. [See Ridley, James.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Scott, Robert Bisset

​SCOTT, ROBERT BISSET (1774–1841), military writer, born in 1774, is chiefly noteworthy in connection with military law. He was commissioned as lieutenant in the Tower Hamlets militia on 9 Nov. 1807. In 1810 he published anonymously his first work, ‘The Military Law of England (with all the principal authorities) adapted to the general use of the Army in its various Duties and Relations, and the Practice of Courts-martial.’ He was himself brought to a court-martial by his colonel on 19 Dec. 1811 for neglect of orders and for breaking his arrest; but the court practically acquitted him, and even the private admonition which they adjudged was remitted. They considered that the facts brought forward in support of the charges were of a vexatious nature.
Two years afterwards his colonel, Mark Beaufoy [q. v.], was tried by court-martial, Scott being the prosecutor. The trial lasted from 26 Oct. to 24 Nov. 1813. The court acquitted Beaufoy of most of the numerous charges, but found him guilty of some irregularities in the enlistment of recruits, and of culpable neglect in not preventing illegal deductions from the men's pay. They sentenced him to be removed from the command of his regiment, which he had held since it was first raised in 1797, but they stated that, in the conduct of the prosecution, Scott had not been ‘actuated by that regard for the service which alone ought to influence an officer upon such an occasion.’ The result was that, while the sentence was confirmed, Scott was informed that his further services would be dispensed with (22 Jan. 1814).
He then started a weekly paper, ‘The Military Register,’ and published in 1816 ‘The Stratagems of War,’ a translation of Frontinus. In 1830 he went to Portugal to serve against Dom Miguel, and is said to have liberated Sir John Milley Doyle [q. v.] from prison; but this must be a mistake, for Doyle was liberated two years before at the instance of Sir Frederick Lamb. In 1836, on the recommendation of Sir Herbert Taylor, William IV made him a pensioner of the Charterhouse, where he died on 22 Oct. 1841. He was twice married.
Besides the works mentioned, he published ‘The Excellence of the British Military Code … exemplified,’ London, 1811, 8vo.
[Gent. Mag. 1841, ii. 657; Hodder's History of the 7th Battalion Rifle Brigade (formerly Tower Hamlets Militia); Military Extracts in the library of the R.U.S. Institution which contain a full report of the two trials (vi. 408).]
E. M. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Scott, Sarah

​SCOTT, SARAH (d. 1795), historian and novelist, was the younger daughter of Matthew Robinson (d. 1778) of West Layton in the parish of Hutton Magna, Yorkshire, who married Elizabeth, daughter of Robert Drake, recorder of Cambridge. She was the younger sister of Matthew Robinson, second lord Rokeby, and of Mrs. Elizabeth Montagu [q. v.], and as the two sisters were said to be ‘as like as two peas,’ she was nicknamed ‘The Pea.’ About 1751 she married George Lewis Scott [q. v.], and on 30 April 1752 Mrs. Delany writes on the ‘foolish choice’ which Mrs. Scott has made for herself, adding that her husband was ‘a very bad man’ (Life and Correspondence, iii. 115). There were no doubt faults on both sides; for they parted ‘through disagreement of tempers.’
After the separation Mrs. Scott went to live with Lady Barbara (or Bab) Montagu, sister of George Montagu Dunk, second earl of Halifax [q. v.], and the two ladies united their income. They dwelt together until the death of Lady Bab in 1765, when Mrs. Scott, whose ‘restlessness was one of her foibles,’ continually changed her place of abode. She died in obscurity at Catton, near Norwich, on 30 Nov. 1795. By her last injunctions, all her letters and papers were burnt. Mrs. Scott was an industrious if dull writer. In her own day she was described as an ‘excellent historian, of great acquirements, extraordinary memory and strong sense.’
All of her works were published without her name. They comprised:
* ‘History of Cornelia,’ a novel (anon.), 1750.
* ‘Journey through Every Stage of Life’ (anon.), 1754, 2 vols., a history of several fictitious characters, mostly lovers.
* ‘Agreeable Ugliness, or the Trial of the Graces’ (anon.), 1754.
* ‘History of Gustavus Ericson, King of Sweden, by Henry Augustus Raymond,’ 1761, a scarce volume.
* ‘History of Mecklenburgh’ (anon.), 1762; 2nd edit. 1762. It was suggested by the marriage of George III.
* ‘Description of Millennium Hall, by a Gentleman on his Travels,’ 1762; 2nd edit. 1764; 4th edit. 1778. An account of a country house and of the several ladies inhabiting it. A note by Horace Walpole on a copy of the second edition at the British Museum states that it was written by Lady Barbara Montagu and Mrs. Scott.
* ‘Man of Real Sensibility, or the History of Sir George Ellison’ (anon.), 1765 (?), forty pages. This was afterwards expanded into ‘The History of Sir George Ellison,’ 1766, 2 vols.
* ‘Test of Filial Duty, in a series of Letters between Emilia Leonard and Charlotte Arlington,’ 1772, 2 vols.: excellent morality, but dull reading.
* ‘Life of Theodore Agrippa d'Aubigné’ (anon.), 1772, an account of the most ‘remarkable occurrences during the civil wars of France.’ This work acquired much reputation.
[Gent. Mag. 1795 ii. 1056, 1798 ii. 826; Brydges's Censura Literaria, i. 293–5; Notes and Queries, 7th ser. viii. 116; Gent. Mag. 1805, i. 218–21, ii. 811–12; Doran's A Lady of the Last Century: Mrs. Montagu, 1873, and Letters of Mrs. Elizabeth Montagu.]
W. P. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Scott, Patrick

​SCOTT or SCOT, PATRICK (fl. 1620), author, followed James I from Scotland into England on his accession. In June 1618 he was engaged in the work of raising voluntary gifts for the supply of the king's exchequer by threatening divers persons with prosecutions for usury (Cal. State Papers, Dom. 1618, p. 538). Six years later (August 1624) James I wrote a letter of recommendation on his behalf (ib. clxxi. 37). He would appear, from the general tone of his works, to have occasionally acted as tutor to Prince Charles. In 1623 and 1625 he appears to have been in Amsterdam, and to have observed closely the life of the separatist churches there (Hanbury, Memorials, i. 473). Scot's writings are remarkable for liberality of sentiment. They are:
* ‘Omnibus et singulis affording matter profitable for all men, necessarie for every man, alluding to a father's advice or last will to his sonne,’ London, 1619; (dedicated to King James and Prince Charles). At the end are some verses, ‘ad serenissimam Magnæ Britanniæ Annam reginam defunctam.’ The work was rearranged and revised as ‘A Father's Advice or Last Will to his Son,’ London, 1620.
* ‘Calderwood's Recantation, or a Tripartite Discourse directed to such of the Ministrie and others in Scotland that refuse Conformitie to the Ordinances of the Church,’ &c., London, 1622 (epistle to the reader dated from Amsterdam, 29 Nov. 1622).
* ‘The Tillage of Light, or a True Discoverie of the Philosophical Elixir commonly called the philosopher's stone,’ London, 1623 (dedicated to John, marquis of Hamilton, ‘your devoted servant’).
* ‘Vox Vera, or observations from Amsterdam examining the late insolencies of some pseudo-puritans separatists from the church of Great Britaine,’ London, 1625.
[Authorities as in text; Scot's Works.]
W. A. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Scott, Robert (1777-1841)

​SCOTT, ROBERT (1777–1841), engraver, son of Robert and Grizell Scott, was born on 13 Nov. 1777 at Lanark, where his father was a skinner. He attended the grammar school at Musselburgh, and at the age of ten was articled to Andrew Robertson, an engraver at Edinburgh; there he also worked in the Trustees Academy. Scott first became known by some plates in Dr. James Anderson's ‘The Bee’ for 1793 and 1794, and a set of ‘Views of Seats and Scenery chiefly in the Environs of Edinburgh,’ from drawings by A. Carse and A. Wilson, published in 1795 and 1796. Though possessed of very limited abilities, he was esteemed in his day for his small book illustrations, of which he carried on an extensive manufactory in Parliament Stairs, Edinburgh, employing many assistants. Scott's best work was in landscape, which he rendered with much truth of detail. He engraved all the illustrations to Barry's ‘History of the Orkney Islands,’ 1805, and to ‘Scenery of Allan Ramsay's Gentle Shepherd,’ 1808; he also for many years contributed plates to the ‘Scots Magazine,’ and put in the landscape backgrounds of some of those for Bell's ‘British Poets,’ which were sent to him from London for the purpose. He was employed by Henry Mozley, a publisher at Gainsborough (father of Thomas Mozley [q. v.] and James Bowling Mozley [q. v.]), for whose edition of Thomson's ‘Seasons,’ 1804, he engraved four plates after John Burnet. Scott's latest work was a set of twenty views of ‘Scenery of Edinburgh and Midlothian,’ 1838, from drawings by his son, W. B. Scott. He died early in 1841. By his wife Ross Bell, to whom he was married in 1800, he had two sons, David Scott and William Bell Scott, who are separately noticed. Among his pupils were John Burnet [q. v.], John Horsburgh [q. v.], and James Stewart (1791–1863) [q. v.]
[Bryan's Dict. of Painters and Engravers, ed. Armstrong; W. B. Scott's Memoir of David Scott; Autobiography of W. B. Scott, 1892.]
F. M. O'D.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Scott, Samuel

​SCOTT, SAMUEL (1710?–1772), marine painter, was born in London about 1710. From 27 to 31 May 1732 he made a celebrated ‘Five days' Peregrination’ in the Isle of Sheppey in company with William Hogarth [q. v.] and other friends. The journal of the ‘Five Days’ was written by Ebenezer Forrest [q. v.] and published in 1782, illustrated with drawings by Hogarth and Scott, aqua-tinted by R. Livesay. The manuscript is in the King's Library at the British Museum. It was reprinted with the illustrations by Hotten in 1872. Between 1761 and 1771 Scott exhibited three works at the Society of Artists, one at the Free Society, and one, ​‘A View of the Tower of London,’ at the Royal Academy in 1771. He was one of the early draughtsmen in watercolours, and has been called the father of English water-colour, but his chief works are in oil. He earned a considerable and well-deserved reputation by his shore and river scenes, which were well drawn and painted, and enlivened with figures, some of which were supplied by Hogarth. Horace Walpole (who had a large collection of his works) says that they ‘will charm in every age,’ and that ‘if he was second to Vandeveldt in seapieces, he excelled him in variety.’ His views of London Bridge, the Custom-house Quay, and other pictures of the Thames earned him the name of the English Canaletto. He lived at Twickenham, but retired to Bath, where he died in Walcot Street, of gout, 12 Oct. 1772, leaving an only daughter. His collection of drawings, prints, &c., was sold by Langford in January 1773. There is a good portrait of Scott by Hudson in the National Gallery and four of his pictures of London. He was the master of William Marlow [q. v.]
[Walpole's Anecdotes, ed. Wornum; Redgrave's Dict.; Bryan's Dict.; Graves's (Algernon) Dict.; Hogarth's Frolic (Hotten); Cat. of National Gallery.]
C. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Scott, Thomas (1480?-1539)

1904 Errata appended.
​SCOTT or SCOT, THOMAS, Lord Petgormo (1480?–1539), Scottish judge, was second son of Sir William Scott of Balwearie [q. v.] and Janet, daughter of Thomas Lundy. Thomas obtained a charter under the great seal of the lands and house of Petgormo on 2 Jan. 1526 (Douglas, Baronage, p. 304). On 19 Nov. 1532 he was appointed ordinary judge in place of his father, with the title of Lord Petgormo. He was a great favourite with James V, who made him justice clerk in 1535. He died in 1539. According to the legend related by Knox in his ‘History of the Reformation,’ Scot visited the king at Linlithgow on the night of his own death ‘with a company of devils,’ announcing ​that he (Scot) was ‘adjudged to endless torment’ (Knox, History, ed. 1644, p. 25).
G. S-h.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.243 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
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