OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Lenz

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Lenz. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Lenz, masculine (Bavarian längess, längsing, Swiss langsi), from the equivalent Middle High German lęnze, masculine and feminine, ‘spring’ (from the variants langeȥ, langeȥe); Old High German lęnzo, lęnzī̆n, langiȥ, masculine; the loss of the g is normal, as in Bliß and Runzel. Compare Dutch lente, Anglo-Saxon lęncten, masculine, ‘spring,’ English Lent. This West Teutonic word was probably the term for spring, and Tacitus in the Germania seems to have a dim idea that it was used by the Teutons (Old Icelandic vár, Middle English and Scotch wêr, North Frisian ûrs, wos, represent the North Teutonic term primitively allied to Latin vêr, Greek ἔαρ, Sanscrit vasar); for the other observations of Tacitus on the Old Teutonic divisions of time, compare Herbst (also Frühling, which has supplanted the old word Lenz in most of the modern dialects of Upper Germany; see an old Aryan term for Lenz under Jahr). The word is peculiar to Teutonic; it has not been authenticated in the non-Teutonic languages; its primary meaning is therefore dubious. Some etymologists, misled simply by the similarity of sound, have connected Lenz with lang (Gothic laggs), and opined that it was so named from the lengthening of the days; such a derivation is at all events uncertain.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Lerche

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Lerche. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Lerche, feminine, ‘lark,’ from the equivalent Middle High German lē̆rche, from lêreche, lêwreche, Old High German lêrahha, feminine; it is shown by the equivalent Dutch leeuwerik, Anglo-Saxon lâwrice, lœ̂werce, lâwerce, English lark, Scotch laverock, Old Swedish lœrikia, as well as the Middle High German variants lêwerich, lêwerech, lêwerch, that a fuller form would have been *lêwarahha in Old High German. The Gothic form cannot be determined with any certainty, nor can we say definitely whether the Old High German and Anglo-Saxon words are compounds or simply unusual derivatives,
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Letten

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Letten. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Letten, masculine ‘(potter's) clay,’ from Middle High German lëtte, Old High German lëtto, masculine, ‘loam’ (ë is due to the Bavarian and Alemannian dialects); to this is probably allied the Icelandic graded form leþja, ., ‘loam, dirt.’ It is connected by some etymologists with Latin lŭtum, neuter, ‘mud, dirt,’ and by others, less probably, with Old Prussian laydis, ‘loam,’ whose diphthong, compared with the a of the Teutonic word, presents a difficulty.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Leumund

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Leumund. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Leumund, masculine, ‘reputation, character,’ from Middle High German and Old High German liumunt, masculine, ‘reputation, fame, report.’ In Modern High German it is perhaps instinctively interpreted as Leute Mund, ‘mouth of the people’; but the word is not a compound. In Gothic probably *hliumunds, masculine, which must be referred to hliuma, ‘hearing, ear’; -munda- is perhaps an affix corresponding to Greek -ματ- and Latin -mento- (in co-gnô-mentum). The root hliu- has numerous derivatives, both in the Teutonic and non-Teutonic languages (compare laut, läuten, Greek κλέος, Sanscrit çrávas, ‘fame’); Sanscrit çrômata-masculine, neuter, ‘hearing,’ corresponds most nearly in form to High German Leumund. Latin crîmen has absolutely nothing to do with these last two terms. Verleumden, ‘to calumniate,’ is not based directly on Leumund, but on a Middle High German liumde, normally abbreviated from it.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Leite

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Leite. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Leite, feminine, from the equivalent Middle High German lîte, feminine, ‘mountain, slope, declivity,’ Old High German lîta, from an earlier *hlîta, feminine (Gothic *hleida, feminine). The Teutonic root hlî is discussed more fully under lehnen, where also the allied terms signifying ‘hill’ may be compared.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Leuchse

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Leuchse. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Leuchse, feminine, ‘rail-tie,’ a Bavarian and Suabian word, from the equivalent Middle High German liuhse; probably cognate with the equivalent. Czech lušnĕ, Polish lusnia, Russian ljušnja, if these are not connected rather with Lünse.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Lende

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Lende. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Lende, feminine, ‘loins,’ from the equivalent Middle High German lęnde, Old High German lęntin, feminine; corresponding to Dutch lende, Anglo-Saxon lęnden, feminine (in the plural lęndenu, masculine); Old Icelandic lend, Danish lynd, ‘loins’ (allied to Icelandic lundir, ‘sirloin, saddle of mutton’?); in Gothic perhaps *landini, feminine. In case the b of Latin lumbus, ‘loins,’ represented Aryan dh, or rather dhw (for Latin barba, representing bhardhâ, see Bart, and Latin ruber, representing Aryan rudhros, ἐρυθρός, see rot), High German Lende might be compared with it. The primary form lndhwî- is also indicated by Old Slovenian lędvija, feminine, ‘loins, kidney.’
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Wyndham, Edmund

From volume 4 of the work.
​Wyndham, Edmund, 2s. William, of Dinton, Wilts, arm. Magdalen Coll., matric. 14 May, 1853, aged 17; B.A. 1857, bar.-at-law, Lincoln's Inn, 1861, held various curacies 1864-72, rector of West Chelborough, Dorset, 1872-3, vicar of Yeovil 1873-84.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Wyndham, George (1)

From volume 4 of the work.
​Wyndham, George, s. George, of Salisbury, Wilts, arm. Wadham Coll., matric. 19 Feb., 1721-2, aged 17; B.A. 1725, M.A. 1728, B.D. 1744, D.D. 22 Feb., 1745-6, warden 1744-77, bar.-at-law, Lincoln's Inn, 1731, died 2 May, 1777.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Wyndham, George (2)

From volume 4 of the work.
​Wyndham, George, s. John, of Cromer, Norfolk, arm. Oriel Coll., matric. 1 Feb., 1780, aged 17; of Cromer, died in 1810.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Wyndham, George Hugh

From volume 4 of the work.
​Wyndham, George Hugh (C.B.), 1s. Charles, of Mertoun-upon-Tweed, co. Roxburgh, arm. Exeter Coll., matric. 2 Feb., 1855, aged 18; of Rogate Lodge, Sussex, J.P., entered diplomatic service 1857, Servian minister 1885-6, and envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary 1886, C.B. 1 July, 1878, brother of Francis Merrik.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Wyndham, Charles

From volume 4 of the work.
​Wyndham, Charles, s. William, of St. Martin's-in-the. Fields, London, baronet. Christ Church, matric. 4 May, 1725, aged 14; 4th baronet in 1740, and and Earl of Egremont in 1750, M.P. Bridgewater 1734-41, Appleby 1742-7, Cockermouth 1747-50, secretary of State 1761, died 21 August, 1763, father of George 1767.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Wyndham, George Dominicus

From volume 4 of the work.
​Wyndham, George Dominicus, 1s. (George), of Salisbury, Wilts, gent. Wadham Coll., matric. 23 June, 1823, aged 18.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Wyndham, Helyar Wadham

From volume 4 of the work.
​Wyndham, Helyar Wadham, s. Thomas, of Yateley, co. Southampton, arm. Wadham Coll., matric. 5 Jan., 1741-2, aged 17.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Wyndham, Edward John Eveleigh

From volume 4 of the work.
​Wyndham, Edward John Eveleigh, 2s. John Eveleigh, of Torquay, Devon, arm. Corpus Christi Coll., matric. 16 Oct., 1866, aged 19; B.A. 1872, M.A. 1877, bar.-at-law, Inner Temple, 1880, brother of Thomas H. E. See Foster's Men at the Bar.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Wyndham, George (O'Brien), Earl of Egremont

From volume 4 of the work.
The correct date of his election as Fellow of the Royal Society is 1797 (Oxford Dictionary of National Biography).
​Wyndham, George (O'Brien), Earl of Egremont, s. Charles, Earl of Egremont. Christ Church, matric. 30 June, 1767, aged 15; 3rd earl, F.R.S. 1747, F.S.A., lord-lieutenant, Sussex, 1819-35, died 11 Nov., 1837. See Doyle's Baronage.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Wyndham, Francis Merrik

From volume 4 of the work.
​Wyndham, Francis Merrik, 2s. Charles, of Rogate, Sussex, arm. Merton Coll., matric. 18 June, 1857, aged 18; B.A. 1861, M.A. 1864, sometime curate of Kington, Hereford, brother of George Hugh. See Foster's Peerage, B. Leconfield.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/verbrämen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry verbrämen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ verbrämen, verb, ‘to border, fringe,’ from late Middle High German brëm, verbrëmen, neuter, ‘border, trimming,’ older Modern High German Brame, ‘border, skirts of a wood,’ English brim (Anglo-Saxon brimme).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/verdauen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry verdauen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ verdauen, verb, ‘to digest,’ from the equivalent Middle High German verdöuwen (verdöun), verdouwen, with the simple forms döuwen, douwen, Old High German douwen (dęwen), firdouwen, ‘to digest’; compare Dutch verduwen. The assumed Teutonic þaujan, ‘to digest,’ is probably connected with tauen (literally ‘to dissolve’). —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/verdammen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry verdammen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ verdammen, verb, ‘to condemn, anathematise,’ from the equivalent Middle High German verdamnen, Old High German firdamnôn; borrowed, like other ecclesiastical terms in the Old High German period, from Latin damnâre (compare French damner, Italian damnare), with the prefix ver- to give a bad sense to the word. —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/uralt

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry uralt. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ uralt, adjective, ‘extremely old, primeval,’ from the equivalent Middle High German and Old High German uralt; allied to alt. —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/uzen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry uzen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ uzen, verb, ‘to jeer at, mock,’ Modern High German only; a derivative of the proper name Utz, an abbrev. form of Ulrich. Compare hänseln.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/verblüffen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry verblüffen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ verblüffen, verb, ‘to disconcert, confuse,’ Modern High German only, from Dutch verbluffen, ‘to stun, dishearten.’ Early history obscure. —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/ur-

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry ur-. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ ur-, prefix, from Middle High German and Old High German ur-; an accented prefix of which er- (Middle High German er-, Old High German ir-) is the unaccented form. In Old High German, ur, ‘out of,’ is met with as a preposition The prefix signifies ‘out of, originally, in the beginning.’ Gothic has us (uz), of which there are no certain cognates in the other Aryan languages.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/ver-

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry ver-. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ ver-, prefix; in its most frequent significations it is derived from Middle High German ver-, Old High German fir- (far-), which are probably a combination of several other unaccented forms. Compare the unaccented prefixes Gothic faír-, fra-, faúr- (see also fressen), which appeared in Old High German as fir- (far-). Gothic faír, fra, and faur appear to correspond respectively to Greek περί, πρό, and παρα, though their meanings do not coincide. Compare Sanscrit pári, ‘round about,’ párâ, ‘away,’ purâ, ‘before,’ prá, ‘before, away.’ — Most of the compounds with ver- (English for-) are based on Gothic fra-, which denoted ‘the opposite, deterioration, change.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/verderben

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry verderben. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ verderben, strong verb, ‘to spoil, destroy, corrupt,’ from Middle High German verdërben, strong verb, ‘to come to nought, perish, die,’ with which the corresponding causative Middle High German verdęrben, ‘to ruin, kill,’ was confused in Modern High German Old High German *dërban, Gothic *þaírban, strong verb, ‘to perish, die,’ is wanting. The meaning of the Middle High German words points to a connection with sterben, so that we must assume a double root, Aryan terbh, sterbh (compare Stier and Drossel (2) ); in that case neither derb, with its divergent meaning, nor dürfen can be allied. —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/verdrießen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry verdrießen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ verdrießen, verb, ‘to grieve, vex, trouble,’ from Middle High German verdrieȥen, strong verb, ‘to excite anger, produce weariness’; also the equivalent Middle High German be-, erdrieȥen, from Old High German bi-, irdrioȥan, strong verb. Compare Gothic usþriutan, ‘to molest, revile,’ Anglo-Saxon þreátian (English to threaten), with â-þreótan, ‘to be disgusted,’ Dutch droten, ‘to threaten,’ with verdrieten, ‘to vex,’ Old Icelandic þrjóta, ‘to want, fail’ (þrot, ‘want,’ þraut, ‘hard task, trouble.’ The great development of the strong verbal root, Teutonic þrū̆t, makes it difficult to find undoubted cognates in non-Teutonic; Old Slovenian trudŭ, ‘pain, trouble,’ truzdą, ‘to torment,’ Latin trûdo, ‘to crowd, push,’ point to an Aryan root trū̆d. —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Dorsche

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Dorsche. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Dorsche, feminine, ‘cabbage-stump, cole-rape,’ with Low German initial d, from Middle High German torse, ‘cabbage-stump,’ Old High German tursö, torso, ‘stalk’; for the change of s to sch compare birschen. There is a parallel Romance class (Italian torso, Old French tros, ‘stump, morsel’) which is undoubtedly of Teutonic origin. The High German word is probably primitively allied to the Greek θύρσος, ‘wand.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Dose

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Dose. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Dose, feminine, ‘box,’ first occurs in Modern High German, from Low German dose, Dutch doos (Danish daase).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Dotter

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Dotter. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Dotter (1.), masculine and neuter, ‘yolk,’ from the equivalent Middle High German toter, Old High German totoro, tutar-ei; the Modern High German word seems to have a Low German initial sound. Corresponds to Old Saxon dŏdro, Dutch dojer, Anglo-Saxon dydring, ‘yolk’; a pre-Teutonic term for the ‘yolk of an egg’ (see also Ei). Anglo-Saxon dott, masculine, ‘point, spot,’ English dot are, on account of Low German dott, dötte, ‘yellow part of the egg,’ to be derived from the same Aryan stem dhut; the original sense of Dotter may lave been, therefore, ‘point in the egg.’ The English term yolk, Anglo-Saxon geolca, is literally ‘yellow part,’ from Anglo-Saxon geolo, equivalent to English yellow. In Old Icelandic blóme, ‘yolk.’
Dotter (2.), masculine, from the equivalent Middle High German toter, masculine, ‘gold-pleasure’; compare Middle English doder, English dodder (‘toad-flax’); Danish dǫdder, Swedish dǫdra. Perhaps allied to Dotter (1.), so that the plant was named from its colour (or from the similarity of its seeds to the yolk of an egg?).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Doufes

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Doufes. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Doufes, masculine, ‘prison,’ Jewish, from Hebrew tafàs, ‘to seize, take prisoner.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Drake

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Drake. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Drake, Low German, see Enterich.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Dost

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Dost. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Dost, Dosten, masculine, ‘marjoram,’ from Middle High German doste, toste, Old High German tosto, dosto, masculine, ‘wild thyme.’ It may be really identical with Middle High German doste, toste, masculine, ‘bunch, nosegay,’ so that ‘thyme’ would be a specialised meaning. The Gothic word was probably *þusta, ‘shrub.’ Further cognates to help in determining the root are wanting. Compare Tost.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Douches

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Douches. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Douches, see Dokes.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Drache

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Drache. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Drache, masculine (with a Middle German d), ‘dragon, kite, termagant,’ from Middle High German trache, (Upper German tracke). Old High German trahho (Upper German traccho), masculine; the Modern High German initial sound is to be regarded in the same way as in dichten (compare Middle Low German and Middle Dutch drâke). The word was naturalised in Germany before the 8th century; as in the case of the bird Greif, ‘griffin,’ the dragon as a fabulous beast furnished material for the imaginative faculty of the Germans, and supplanted the native mythological creations. The English loan-word is equally old — Anglo-Saxon draca, English drake (in drake-fly or dragon-fly). The word is based on Latin (Romance) draco (dracco), which again is derived from Greek δράκων, ‘dragon,’ literally ‘the sharp-sighted animal’ (from δέρκομαϊ). English dragon, is of recent Romance origin (French dragon).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Draht

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Draht. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Draht, masculine, ‘wire, file,’ from the equivalent Middle High German and Old High German drât, masculine; compare Dutch draad, Anglo-Saxon þrœ̂d, equivalent to English thread, Old Icelandic þráðr, Gothic *þrêþs; a dental derivative of the Teutonic root þrê, ‘to turn, twist,’ which appears in Modern High German drehen. The pre-Teutonic trê lies at the base of Greek τρῆσις, ‘hole,’ which is identical in form with Modern High German Draht; for the meaning compare drehen, Darm.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Drang

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Drang. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Drang, masculine, ‘crowd, throng, pressure,’ from Middle High German dranc(g), masculine, ‘throng, oppression.’ Compare Dutch drang, ‘pressure, throng, desire,’ Anglo-Saxon geþrang, equivalent to English throng; from dringen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/verloben

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry verloben. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ verloben, verb ‘to engage, affiance, betroth,’ from the equivalent Middle High German verloben; literally ‘to promise,’ in which sense Middle High German geloben also occurs; see geloben and Lob. —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/vermessen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry vermessen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ vermessen, adjective, ‘daring, presumptuous,’ from Middle High German vermëȥȥen, Old High German firmëȥȥan, ‘daring, bold’; a participle of Middle High German veṛmëȥȥąn, Old High German firmëȥȥan, reflexive ‘to estimate one's strength too high, have an overweening opinion of oneself.’ —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/verquisten

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry verquisten. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ verquisten, verb, ‘to spend foolishly,’ Modern High German only, from Dutch kwisten, verkwisten, ‘to squander, lavish’; compare Gothic fraqistjan, ‘to destroy, annihilate’ (usqistjan, ‘to kill’). Early history obscure.