OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Brigstocke, Thomas

​BRIGSTOCKE, THOMAS (1809–1881), portrait-painter, commenced his studies at the age of sixteen at Sass's drawing-school, and was subsequently a pupil of H. P. Briggs, R.A., and J. P. Knight, R.A. He spent eight years in Paris and Italy, and made some copies from pictures by the old masters, among them one of Raphael's 'Transfiguration' in the Vatican, which, on the recommendation of W. Collins, R.A., was purchased for Christ Church, Albany Street, Regent's Park. In 1847 he went to Egypt, and painted the portrait of Mehemet Ali. Between 1843 and 1865 Brigstocke exhibited sixteen works at the Royal Academy, and two at the British Institution. His portrait of General Sir James Outram is now in the National Portrait Gallery; that of General Sir William Nott at the Oriental Club, Hanover Square; and that of Cardinal Wiseman at St. Cuthbert's College, Ushaw. He painted an historical picture entitled 'The Prayer for Victory." He died suddenly on 11 March 1881.
[Ottley's Biographical and Critical Dictionary of Recent and Living Painters, London, 1866, 8vo; Builder, 19 March 1881, p. 356.]
L. F.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bright, John (1619-1688)

1904 Errata appended.
​BRIGHT, Sir JOHN (1619–1688), parliamentarian, of Carbrook and Badsworth, Yorkshire, born in 1619, took up arms for the parliament at the outbreak of the civil war. He raised several companies in the neighbourhood of Sheffield, and received a captain's commission from Lord Fairfax. He was also named one of the sequestration commissioners for the West Riding (1 April 1643). About the same date he became a colonel of foot : 'He was but young when he first had the command, but he grew very valiant and prudent, and had his officers and soldiers under good conduct' (Memoirs of Captain John Hodgson, p. 102). He accompanied Sir T. Fairfax in his expedition into Cheshire, commanded a brigade at the battle of Selby, and on the surrender of the castle of Sheffield was appointed governor of that place (August 1644), and a little later military governor of York. In the second civil war he served under Cromwell in Scotland, and also took part in the siege of Pontefract. On Cromwell's second expedition into Scotland, Bright threw up his commission when the army arrived at Newcastle, in consequence of the refusal of a fortnight's leave (Hodgson, Memoirs). Nevertheless he continued to take an active part in public affairs. In 1651 he was commissioned to raise a regiment to oppose the march of Charles II into England (Cal. State Papers, Dom. Ser.), and he undertook the same service in 1659, on the rising headed by Sir George Booth (Journals of the House of Commons). In 1654 and 1655 he was high sheriff of Yorkshire, and he also acted as governor of York and of Hull. 'He may be presumed to have concurred in the measures for bringing about the Restoration, for we find that as early as July 1660 he was admitted into the order of baronets, having been previously knighted' (Hunter). He died on 13 Sept. 1688.
[Hunter's History of Hallamshire (ed. Gatty), 3rd ed., contains the pedigree of Bright's family, and an account of his life; The Memoirs of Captain John Hodgson, who served under him, give some of the details of his military services; in the Fairfax Correspondence (Memoirs of the Civil Wars, i. 83-113), two of Bright's letters during the first civil war are printed, and the Baynes correspondence in the British Museum contains a large number of his letters relating to the financial affairs of his regiment; in the Thurloe State Papers, vi. 784, is a letter from Bright to Cromwell (February 1658) resigning the government of Hull; there is an account of his funeral in Boothroyd's Pontefract, pp. 294-5.]
C. H. F.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.37 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 333 | i | 6 f.e. | Bright, Sir John: after Hull insert He was M.P. for the East Riding in 1654 |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bright, John (1783-1870)

1904 Errata appended.
​BRIGHT, JOHN (1783–1870), physician, was born in Derbyshire, and educated at Wadham College, Oxford, where he graduated B.A. 1801, and M.D. 1808. He at first practised in Birmingham, and was appointed physician to the General Hospital in 1810, but before long he removed to London. He was elected fellow of the College of Physicians in 1809, was several times censor, and was Harveian orator in 1830. From 1822 to 1843 he was physician to the Westminster Hospital. In 1836 he was appointed lord chancellor's adviser in lunacy, to which office he almost entirely limited himself for many years. He never practised extensively, having an ample private fortune. 'He was,' says the 'Lancet,' 'a most accomplished classical scholar, and may be said to have represented that old school of physicians whose veneration for Greek and Latin certainly exceeded their estimation of modern pathological research, and who valued an elegant and scholarly prescription before the most searching post-mortem report.' He died 1 Feb. 1870, aged 87.
[Munk's Coll. of Phys. (1878), iii. 79; Lancet, obit, notice, 12 Feb. 1870.]
G. T. B.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.37 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 333 | ii | 28 | Bright, John (1783-1870): after Hospital insert From 1828 to 1845 he was a commissioner in lunacy |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bright, Mynors

​BRIGHT, MYNORS (1818–1883), decipherer of Pepys, born in 1818, was the son of John Bright (the subject of the previous article), and of Eliza his wife (College Books). He was educated at Shrewsbury, and entered Magdalene College, Cambridge, on 3 July 1835. He was a senior optime in mathematics, and took a second-class in classics. He proceeded B.A. in 1840, and M.A. in 1843. He became foundation-fellow, tutor, and eventually president of Magdalene, and was chosen proctor in 1853. The Pepysian library being at Magdalene, Bright resolved to re-decipher the whole of Pepys's 'Diary,' and to this end he learnt the cipher from Shelton's 'Tachygraphy.' In 1873 he retired from Magdalene, and left Cambridge for London. His 'Pepys' was printed ​between 1875 and 1879, and was published simultaneously in 4to and 8vo, 6 vols. each. The edition includes engravings of Faithorne's 'Map of London,' 1658, and Evelyn's 'Posture of the Dutch Fleet,' 1667. It corrects numerous errors occurring in the original decipherment, and inserts many passages hitherto suppressed. [A complete reissue of Bright's transcript was edited by H. B. Wheatley in 10 vols. in 1893-1899.]
Bright became paralysed about 1880, and died on 23 Feb. 1883, aged 65. He never married. Part of his interest in his 'Pepys' he bequeathed to Magdalene College. His portrait was painted by F. Dickenson, and presented by his friends to his college.
[Magdalene College Books; Le Neve's Fasti (Hardy), iii. 635; Academy, No. 565, p. 151; Crockford's Clergy List, 1882; Athenæum, No. 2888, p. 280; Bright's Pepys's Diary, Preface, i. pp. vii, viii, ii. p. viii; private information.]
J. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Dygon, John

​DYGON, JOHN (fl. 1512), Benedictine monk and musician, was admitted bachelor of music at Oxford in April 1512. He is said to have been prior of the monastery of St. Augustine at Canterbury, and has been confused with another John Dygon, who was abbot of the same monastery from 1497 to 1509. Prior Dygon has been identified, with ​much probability, with one John Wyldebere, who at the dissolution became vicar of Willesborough, and was still there in 1542. The several conjectures as to Dygon's individuality are discussed in Grove's ‘Dictionary of Music,’ iv. 625. His only extant composition is printed in Hawkins's ‘History of Music,’ ii. 518, and shows him to have been in advance of many of his English contemporaries.
[Dugdale's Monasticon, ed. 1846, i. 123; Weever's Funeral Monuments, p. 259; Willis's Mitred Abbeys, i. 54; Wood's Fasti, ed. Bliss, i. 34.]
W. B. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Dyke, Daniel (1617-1688)

​DYKE, DANIEL (1617–1688), baptist divine, son of Jeremiah Dyke, M.A. [q. v.], minister of Epping, Essex, was educated first at a private school in the country, and then sent to Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge, where he appears to have remained until he took the degree of M.A. He received episcopal ordination, but this was subsequently disputed, and on a marriage performed by him being sought to be set aside he produced his letters of ordination. He is stated (Lansd. MS. 459, fol. 109) to have been presented to Eastwick, Hertfordshire, about 1636, and to have resigned in 1658. In 1645 his great learning and brilliant oratory caused him to be appointed to the rectory of Great Hadham, Hertfordshire, a living worth 300l. per annum, by the parliament. Cussans (Hist. Hertfordshire, 'Edwinstree,' p. 186) says this was because his principles were opposed to those of his predecessor. In 1651 he was appointed by Oliver Cromwell one of his chaplains in ordinary, and in 1653 a trier for the approval of ministers, an office for which his learning, judgment, and piety rendered him well qualified, and was, with two exceptions, the only professed baptist on that commission. Although urged to conform he resigned his preferments immediately after the ​Restoration, asserting that however well disposed the king might be towards dissent the royalists would insist on the expulsion of the nonconformist clergy and their persecution. Calamy, however, counts him among the ejected ministers (Nonconf. Memor. ii. 304). Dyke continued to preach whenever an opportunity offered, and, although writs were frequently issued for his apprehension, was never imprisoned longer than a few hours. In February 1668, after preaching for a year on trial, he was 'set apart' as joint elder with Kiffin to the baptist congregation at Devonshire Square, London, which office he continued to hold until his death in 1688. His remains were interred in the dissenters' burial-ground in Bunhill Fields, his funeral sermon being preached by Warner. Dyke was a man of sincere piety, a grave and solid divine, and humble and unobtrusive in disposition. Crosby (Hist. Baptists, i. 359) says that 'his several sermons and made additions to the modesty was such that he could never be persuaded to publish anything under his own name;' but it is certain that the following were written wholly or in part by him:
* 'The Quakers' Appeal Answered, and a full Relation of the Occasion, Progress, and Issue of a Meeting at the Barbican between the Baptists and the Quakers,' 1674.
* 'The Baptists' Answer to Mr. Wills' Appeal,' 1675.
* 'Recommendatory Epistle before Mr. Cox's Confutation of the Errors of Thomas Collier.'
He also edited a volume of sermons by his father, Jeremiah Dyke.
[Palmer's Nonconformist's Memorial, ii. 304; Wilson's Hist. of Dissenting Churches, i. 433; Crosby's Hist. of the Baptists, i. 355-9; Clutterbuck's Hertfordshire (1827), iii. 165, 401; Cussans's Hist. of Hertfordshire, Hundred of Edwinstree, p. 186; Fuller's Worthies; Smith's Antiquakeristica.]
A. C. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Dykes, John Bacchus

​DYKES, JOHN BACCHUS (1823–1876), musician and theologian, son of William Hey Dykes of Hull, and grandson of the Rev. Thomas Dykes [q. v.], incumbent of St. John's in the same town, was born on 10 March 1823. When ten years old he played the organ in his grandfather's church. Shortly after 1840 his father moved to Wakefield, where Dykes attended the proprietary school until October 1843, when he entered at St. Catharine's College, Cambridge. Here he distinguished himself as an amateur musician; he was instrumental in founding the University Musical Society, at whose early concerts his performances of comic songs were a great feature (Grove, Dict. of Music, iv. 204 a). He graduated senior optime in January 1847, and in the same year was ordained deacon to the curacy of Malton, Yorkshire. In 1849 he was appointed minor canon and precentor of Durham, and the university of Durham conferred on him the honorary Mus.Doc. degree. In 1862 Dykes was appointed vicar of St. Oswald's, Durham, when he resigned the precentorship, though still retaining his minor canonry. His latter years were embittered by disputes with his diocesan. Dykes was a high-churchman, with pronounced views on doctrinal and liturgical questions. The bishop was a low-churchman, who was determined to suppress what he regarded as heresy. The struggle was carried on with much bitterness on both sides. The bishop refused to license the vicar's curates, ​and Dykes was left with all the care of a great parish on his unaided hands. At last the stress was too great for him. His mental and bodily health broke down about the end of 1874, and, though at times he rallied, he never regained his strength and gradually sank until he died at St. Leonards, 22 Jan. 1876. He was buried in the churchyard of St. Oswald's on 28 Jan.
Dykes's literary works consist of sermons, published singly and in Fowle's ‘Plain Preaching for a Year;’ an ‘Introduction on the Manner of Performing Divine Service, prefixed to the Annotated Book of Common Prayer;’ ‘Eucharistic Truth and Ritual, a Letter to the Bishop of Durham’ (1874); and contributions to the ‘Theologian and Ecclesiastic’ and ‘Literary Churchman.’ But it is by his hymn-tunes that he will be chiefly remembered. Most of these appeared first in ‘Hymns Ancient and Modern,’ of which collection they are by far the best and most popular of the modern compositions. They are characterised by remarkable melodic beauty and also by the excellent way in which they are written for the words to which they are set. Though their style is perhaps too much that of the part-song, yet, judged from the point of view of most similar modern compositions, they are undoubtedly the best of their kind. Dykes also wrote several services and anthems. He was married in 1850 to Susan, daughter of G. Kingston, esq., by whom he had two sons and four daughters, all of whom survived him.
W. B. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Dymock, Roger

​DYMOCK, ROGER (fl. 1395), theologian, studied at Oxford, and there proceeded to the degree of doctor in divinity. He is known only by an unpublished treatise, ‘Ad​versus duodecim errores et hæreses Lollardorum,’ addressed to Richard II. From the account given of the Paris manuscript of this work, that it was directed ‘adversus libellum famosum Lollardorum publicatum atque allatum apud Westmonasterium in ostio aulæ regalis in pleno parliamento,’ it is clear that it is a reply to the twelve ‘conclusions’ of the Lollards which were produced in the parliament of 1395, and which have been often printed (Ann. Ricardi, pp. 174 et seq., ed. T. Hearne; Fasciculi Zizaniorum, pp. 360–9, ed. W. W. Shirley, 1858; Wilkins, Concil. Magnæ Britann. iii. 221 et seq.; Lewis, Life and Sufferings of John Wiclif, pp. 337–43, ed. Oxford, 1820; the last two from the Cottonian MS., Cleopatra, E. II.; cf. Walsingham, Hist. Anglic. ii. 216, ed. H. T. Riley). Of Dymock's work four manuscripts are mentioned. One Leland found in Wells Cathedral Library, but this had disappeared when the ‘Catalogus Codicum Manuscriptorum Angliæ’ was published in 1697. The second, in the Cottonian Library (Otho, C. XVI.), perished in the fire of 1731. Of the other two, one is in the University Library at Cambridge (Catal. Codd. MSS. Angl. i. pt. iii. 171, No. 2393), and the other in the Bibliothèque Nationale at Paris (Catal. Codd. MSS. Bibl. Reg. iii. 411 b, No. 3381, Paris, 1744, fol.). The Cambridge manuscript describes Dymock as a monk, while the Paris copy, with greater antecedent probability, makes him a Dominican friar.
R. L. P.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Dyer, William

​DYER, WILLIAM (d. 1696), nonconformist divine, was at one time minister of Chesham, and subsequently of Cholesbury, Buckinghamshire. Granger (Biog. Hist. iii. 336) says he was ejected in 1662, but his name (see Lipscomb, Buckinghamshire, iii. 322) appears as minister in 1663. He was a preacher at St. Anne's, Aldersgate Street, in London, about the time of the plague. Kennett affirms that in later life he joined the quakers; but although he certainly sympathised with their views there is nothing to support this statement, except that at his death in 1696, when about sixty, he was buried in the quaker burial-ground at Southwark. Calamy says he ‘inclined to the quakers,’ but there is no record of his having been received into the Society of Friends. He was a pious, melancholy man, and an effective and fervent preacher. His literary style has been compared to that of Bunyan.
He wrote:
* ‘A Cabinet of Jewels, or a Glimpse of Sion's Glory,’ 1663.
* ‘Christ's Famous Titles and a Believer's Golden Chain,’ 1663.
* ‘Christ's Voice to London and the Day of God's Wrath; Sermons in the time of the Plague,’ 1666.
* ‘Mount Sion, or a draught of that Church which shall never be destroyed,’ 1689.
His works were reprinted at Glasgow in 1761.
[Palmer's Nonconformist's Memorial, i. 298; Granger's Biog. Hist. iii. 336 (ed. 1775); Lipscomb's Buckinghamshire, iii. 322.]
A. C. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Dyke, Jeremiah

​DYKE, JEREMIAH (d. 1620), puritan divine, was the son of a minister at Hempstead, Essex, dispossessed for nonconformity, and the brother of Daniel Dyke, B.D. [q. v.] He took his degrees at Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge, but the date is unknown. After taking orders he was preferred to the living of Epping in Essex in 1609, which he held till his death. His name or that of his brother is among those of the ministers who subscribed the 'Book of Discipline' (Brook, Lives of the Puritans). He is described as having been a man of a 'cheerful spirit and eminently useful in his ministry,' of moderate views, and one who, although he disliked ceremonies, submitted, so far as his conscience permitted, to their use, yet as being a thorough puritan at heart. Brook says he died in 1620, and was buried in his parish church; but if this be so there must have been another minister of the same name, for there is a record of a sermon being preached at Epping by Jeremiah Dyke in 1623, and a minister of that name was presented to Stanstead Abbots, Hertfordshire, in 1640, which he resigned in 1644. Fuller, too, says he was 'guardian of his brother's works,' which he published in 1635.
The following works are attributed to him:
* 'A Counterpoison against Covetousnes,' 1619.
* 'Good Conscience, or a Treatise shewing the Nature, Means, Marks, Benefit, and Necessity thereof,' 1624.
* 'The Mischiefe and Miserie of Scandals, both taken and given,' &c., 1631.
* 'The Righteous Man's Tower, or the Way to be Safe in a case of Danger,' 1639.
* 'The Right Receiving of and Rooting in Christ,' 1640.
* 'The Worthy Communicant, or a Treatise showing I the due order of Receiving the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper,' 1642.
He also published works of his brother, Daniel Dyke, B.D.
[Brook's Lives of the Puritans, ii. 279; Fuller's Worthies, Hertfordshire, p. 437 (ed. 1811); Newcourt's Repert. Eccl.ii. 248; Fuller's Hist. Cambridge, p. 154; Cussans's Hist. Hertfordshire, 'Braughing,' p. 40; Carter's Cambridge; Notes and Queries, 3rd ser. ii. 363.]
A. C. B.
# Constitution of the State of Colorado

The Constitution of the State of Colorado is the basic law for the State of Colorado. The current constitution, adopted in 1876 and amended several times since then, is the first and only adopted by the State of Colorado.
Versions of the Constitution of the State of Colorado include:
* Constitution of the State of Colorado (original, 1876) (transcription project)
* Constitution of the State of Colorado (as amended, 2020)
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# Constitution of the State of Florida

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# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Burrows, George Man

​BURROWS, GEORGE MAN (1771–1846), physician, was born at Chalk, near Gravesend, in 1771. He was educated at the King's School, Canterbury, was apprenticed to an apothecary at Rochester, and completed his medical education at Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals. After qualifying at the College of Surgeons and Apothecaries' Hall, he entered on general practice in London. He became deeply interested in the legal status of the medical profession, and organised the Association of Surgeon-Apothecaries of England and Wales, with the object of improving the education and status of the profession. As chairman of this body Burrows was most indefatigable, and had a large share in the movement which led to the passing of the Apothecaries' Act in 1815. The society voted him five hundred guineas on its dissolution. On the formation of the first court of examiners of the Apothecaries' Company, on the passing of the act, Burrows was appointed an examiner; but early in 1817 he resigned, owing to the unfair conduct of the court of assistants. On this question Burrows published a 'Statement of Circumstances connected with the Apothecaries' Act and its Administration,' 1817. At this time he was largely engaged in medical literature, being one of the founders and editors of the 'London Medical Repository,' which commenced in January 1814, and the author of 'Observations on the Comparative Mortality of London and Paris,' 1815. In 1816 he retired from general practice, and devoted himself to the treatment of insane patients, at first keeping a small asylum at Chelsea, and later, in 1823, establishing a larger one, 'The Retreat,' at Clapham. He became a leading authority on insanity, publishing 'Cursory Remarks on Legislative Regulation of the Insane,' 1819; 'An Inquiry into certain Errors relative to Insanity and their Consequences, Physical, Moral, and Civil,' 1820; and finally, an extended treatise entitled ' Commentaries on the Causes, Forms. Symptoms, and Treatment, Moral and Medical, of Insanity,' 1828. This was by far the most complete and practical treatise then published in this country, and received general approval. Burrows became M.D. at St . Andrews in 1824, and a fellow of the College ​of Physicians in 1839. He died on 29 Oct. 1846, in his seventy-sixth year.
[Munk's Coll. of Phys. (1878), iii. 290.]
G. T. B.