# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Wadsworth, James (1604-1656?)

​WADSWORTH, JAMES (1604–1656?), renegade and Spanish scholar, youngest son of James Wadsworth (1572?–1623) [q. v.], was born in Suffolk in 1604, and accompanied his mother when six years old to Spain. He was educated at Seville and Madrid, and in 1618 went to the newly founded English Jesuit College of St. Omer, where he remained four years. In 1622 he sailed with several other students on a mission to Spain. The ship was captured by Moorish pirates, the young men carried to Algiers, and sold as slaves. Their adventures, a manuscript account of which, differing from Wadsworth's own, is at Burton Manor, Somerset (Hist. MSS. Comm. 1st Rep. App. p. 61), were made by the jesuits into a ‘tragicall comedy, whereby they got much money and honour’ (English Spanish Pilgrim, 1630, p. 47). Upon his release Wadsworth joined his parents at Madrid in time to serve as interpreter to James Hay, earl of Carlisle, who had just arrived (1623) with Prince Charles. Wadsworth's hope of permanent employment in the infanta's suite failed with the breaking of the match; but her influence procured to him and his brother the payment of their father's pension at least for a time after his death.
Philip now gave Wadsworth a commission in the army in Flanders, with a ‘viaticum’ of two hundred crowns. Henceforth he styled himself ‘Captain,’ but he probably never reached the Low Countries. Already tired of the jesuits, he made for England (December 1625), professed himself a convert from popery, and offered his services at once to Laud and to the English romanists. The designs of the latter he promptly imparted to William Trumbull [q. v.], clerk of the council (‘Demonstrance by Captain James Waddesworth, how and in what manner he has served his King and Country, especially the Lord his Grace of Canterbury, unto the Hazard of his Life,’ at the P.R.O., State Papers, Charles I, vol. cxxvi. fol. 73).
Proceeding to Brussels, and again in 1626 to Paris, Wadsworth was well received by Gondomar and the Marquis Spinola, but after the former's death was imprisoned six months in Paris, ostensibly for debt. Upon his release, by his mother's means, he passed as a Spaniard to Calais, where he was denounced by his old schoolfellow, George Gage [q. v.], as a spy of Buckingham, and thrown into prison for ten months. There he probably commenced his ‘English Spanish Pilgrim,’ and on reaching England (1628) petitioned the Earl of Pembroke, vice-chancellor, for license to make a collection in the university of Oxford to help to print it (Hist. MSS. Comm. 4th Rep. App. p. 464). A few sums were received, and it appeared at London in 1629, 4to (Grenville Library, Huth Cat.); 2nd edit., with a second part, ‘Further Observations,’ London, 1630, 4to. From that time until about 1648, or later, Wadsworth was actively engaged as a pursuivant, even giving evidence against Laud on his trial (Cal. State Papers, Dom. 1643–4, p. 232; State Trials, iv. 547).
This business appears, however, not to have been always profitable, for he presented more than one petition for moneys due out of ‘popish relics seized on his information,’ or as recompense for his bringing jesuits and papists to conviction (Cal. State Papers, Dom. 1633–4, p. 319; Hist. MSS. Comm. 5th Rep. App. p. 102, and 6th Rep. App. p. 159; Lords' Journals, vi. 27, ix. 27). The last heard of him is Sanderson's account (Life of ​James I, 1655, p. 401): ‘Mr. Waddesworth, a renegade, proselyte, Turncote of any religion, and every trade … is now living, 1655, a common Hackney to the basest Catchpole Bayliffs’ in Westminster. Wadsworth also wrote: 1. ‘The Present Estate of Spayne, or a true Relation,’ London, 1630, 4to; and translated from the Italian. 2. ‘The European Mercury, with a Catalogue of the principal Fairs, Marts,’ London, 1641, 8vo (imprimatur of Tho. Wykes, 23 March 1639). From the Spanish he translated: 3. ‘A Curious Treatise of the Nature and Quality of Chocolate,’ by Antonio Colmenero, London, 1640, 4to; published under the name of Don Diego de Vades-foote; republished as ‘Chocolate, or an Indian Drink,’ London, 1652, 8vo, with a new ‘Address to the Gentry’ and ‘Directions how to make and where to get it.’ 4. ‘The Civil Wars of Spain by Prudencio de Sandoval, historiographer to Philip III,’ London, 1652, fol. The ‘Memoires of Mr. James Wadswort’ (London, 1679, 4to, 1680, 4to) consist of the autobiographical portions of his ‘Pilgrim,’ issued apparently after the writer's death.
C. F. S.