OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Onslow, Richard (1654-1717)

​ONSLOW, RICHARD, first Lord Onslow (1654–1717), speaker of the House of Commons, eldest son of Sir Arthur Onslow of West Clandon, Surrey, bart., by his first wife, Mary, second daughter of Sir Thomas Foot, bart., lord mayor of London in 1649, was born on 23 June 1654. He matriculated at Oxford from St. Edmund Hall on 7 June 1671, but took no degree. In 1674 he was admitted a student of the Inner Temple, but he was never called to the bar. Returned to parliament for Guildford, Surrey, 1 March 1678–9, he represented that borough until the dissolution of 2 July 1687. On 14 Jan. 1688–9, having in the preceding year succeeded to the baronetcy (21 July), he was returned to the Convention parliament for the county of Surrey, which he continued to represent (with the exception of a brief interval, 1710–13, during which he sat for St. Mawes) until his elevation to the peerage as Lord Onslow, baron of Onslow in the county of Salop and of Clandon in Surrey, on 6 July 1716. Onslow was a lord of the admiralty, 23 Jan. 1690–1 to 15 April 1693, and speaker of the House of Commons in the third parliament of Queen Anne, 16 Nov. 1708 to 21 Sept. 1710. He was sworn of the privy council on 15 June 1710, was resworn on 12 Oct. 1714, and held office as lord of the treasury and chancellor of the exchequer from 13 Oct. 1714 to 11 Oct. 1715. Onslow is described by Burnet as a ‘worthy man,’ which means that he was a staunch whig. His abilities do not appear to have been of an eminent order. He proved himself competent, however, to repress the insolence of black rod, who on 23 March 1709–10 attempted, by interposing first his rod and then his person, to obstruct him on his way to the House of Lords to demand judgment against Sacheverell, but recoiled before the speaker's awful threat to return to the House of Commons immediately. On resigning political office he was made, on 4 Nov. 1715, one of the tellers of the exchequer for life. On 6 July 1716 he was appointed lord lieutenant of Surrey. He died on 5 Dec. 1717, and was buried at Merrow, Surrey.
Onslow married Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Henry Tulse, lord mayor of London, by whom he had (besides daughters) three sons—Thomas, who succeeded him; and Daniel and Richard, both of whom died young.
J. M. R.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Oram, William

​ORAM, WILLIAM (d. 1777), painter and architect, was educated as an architect, and, through the patronage of Sir Edward Walpole, obtained the position of master-carpenter to the board of works. He designed a triumphal arch for the coronation of George III, of which an engraving was published. Oram also devoted much time to landscape-painting in the style of Gaspar Poussin. His works were often applied to decorative purposes and inserted over doors and mantelpieces. He designed and painted the staircase at Buckingham House, and was employed to repair the paintings on the staircase at Hampton Court. He published an etching of Datchet bridge in 1745. In 1766 he exhibited three landscapes at the Society of Artists' exhibition. Oram, who was generally known as ‘Old Oram,’ to distinguish him from his son, died on 17 March 1777, leaving a widow and a son, Edward Oram (noticed below). In his will, dated 4 Jan. 1776, and proved 17 March 1777 (P. C. C. 124, Collier), Oram describes himself as of St. John's, Hampstead, and leaves everything to his wife Elizabeth. His widow gave Oram's manuscripts to his near relative, Charles Clarke, F.S.A., who in 1810 published from them ‘Precepts and Observations on the Art of Colouring in Landscape-Painting, by the late William Oram, esq., of his Majesty's Board of Works.’
Edward Oram (fl. 1770–1800), son of the above, also practised as a landscape-painter. He exhibited landscapes at the Royal Academy from 1775 to 1790, and again in 1798 and 1799. He was also engaged in scene-painting as assistant to Philip James de Loutherbourgh [q. v.], and painted scenery for the Royalty theatre in Wellclose Square [see Palmer, John, 1742?–1798]. He was one of the artists patronised, like John Flaxman [q. v.] and William Blake [q. v.], by the Rev. Henry and Mrs. Mathew, and he assisted Flaxman in decorating their house in Rathbone Place. In 1799 Oram was ​residing in Gresse Street, Rathbone Place. All later trace of him is lost.
[Redgrave's Dict. of Artists; preface to Oram's Precepts and Observations; Walpole's Anecdotes of Painting, ed. Wornum; Smith's Book for a Rainy Day.]
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hargrove, William

​HARGROVE, WILLIAM (1788–1862), historian of York, born at Knaresborough, Yorkshire, on 16 Oct. 1788, was the youngest of the four children of Ely Hargrove [q. v.], by his second wife. Being intended for the church he was placed under the care of his godfather, Robert Wyrell, at that time curate of Knaresborough, who recommended that his pupil should be trained as a journalist. He was accordingly apprenticed to Mr. Smart of Huddersfield. After the expiration of his articles he returned to Knaresborough, but in 1813 he purchased, in conjunction with two partners, the 'York Herald,' then a weekly newspaper. He removed to York on 1 July in that year, and the first number of the 'York Herald' under his management was published on the following 13 July. For the next thirty-five years he edited the paper with great energy. He added to the staff a verbatim and descriptive reporter, and engaged a special correspondent in nearly every town in the shire. Hargrove subsequently bought the shares in the business possessed by his two sleeping partners. In 1818 he published a 'History and Description of the ancient City of York; comprising all the most interesting information already published in Drake's "Eboracum," with much new matter and illustrations,' 2 vols. 8vo, York. He first proposed to reprint Drake's 'Eboracum' in ​ its entirety, but did not receive sufficient patronage. In October 1818 Hargrove entered the corporation as a common councilman for Bootham ward. He defended Queen Caroline in the 'York Herald,' and announced her acquittal in 1820 by torchlight from the steps of the Mansion House. In 1827 he successfully promoted, along with Charles Wellbeloved [q. v.], a scheme for the erection of a Mechanics' Institute, of which he became the first secretary and treasurer. In 1831 he was elected a sheriff of York. Much of his leisure was devoted to collecting the Roman and mediaeval remains excavated in and around York. Some ten years before his death he transferred the entire collection to the museum of the Yorkshire Philosophical Society. He died at York on 29 Aug. 1862. By his marriage on 2 Sept. 1823 to Mary Sarah, daughter of William Frobisher, banker, of Halifax, he had a numerous family. During the latter years of his life he resigned the management of his newspaper to his eldest sons, Alfred Ely and William Wallace Hargrove. The 'York Herald' made its first appearance as a daily paper 1 Jan. 1874. Hargrove also published the 'York Poetical Miscellany; being selections from the best Authors,' 8vo, York, 1835. He was himself a frequent contributor to the poets' corner of the 'York Herald' and the 'York Courant,' and to the magazines. He also issued 'A New Guide for Strangers and Residents in the City of York. . . . Hargrove's pocket edition, illustrated,' 12mo, York, 1842.
[Information from W. W. Hargrove, esq.; Gent. Mag. 1862, pt. ii. p. 784; Boyne's Yorkshire Library, p. 49.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Harington, Edward

​HARINGTON, Sir EDWARD (1753?–1807), traveller and essayist, born about 1753, was the only son of Henry Harington, M.D. (1727–1816) [q. v.] On 27 May 1795, when mayor of Bath, he presented to the king a congratulatory address from the corporation on his escape from the attempt of Margaret Nicholson, and was knighted. Harington, who is described as clever, but eccentric, died in London on 18 March 1807, aged 54 (Gent. Mag. 1807, pt. i. p. 486). He was twice married, and left issue by his first wife; one of his sons, Edward (1776-1811), was father of Edward Charles Harington [q. v.] He was author of: 1. 'Excursion from Paris to Fontainebleau, by a Gentleman, late of Bath.' 1786. 2. Desultory Thoughts on the French Nation.' 3. 'A Schizzo on the Genius of Man, in which, among various subjects, the merit of Thomas Barker, the celebrated young painter of Bath, is particularly considered,' 1793. 4. 'Remarks on a Letter relative to the late Petitions to Parliament for the safety and preservation of his Majesty's person, and for the more effectually preventing seditious meetings and assemblies: with compleat abstracts of the several clauses contained in each bill,' 1796.
[Reuss's Alphabetical Register, pt. i. p. 451; [Rivers's] Lit. Memoirs of Authors, i. 238; Townsend's Cal. of Knights, 1828, p. 30; Foster's Alumni Oxon. 1715-1886, ii. 608.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Harington, Henry (1727-1816)

1904 Errata appended.
​HARINGTON, HENRY, M.D. (1727–1816), musician and author, born at Kelston, Somersetshire, in September 1727, was the son of Henry Harington of that place. Sir John Harington [q. v.] was an ancestor. On 17 Dec. 1745 he matriculated at Queen's College, Oxford, and graduated B.A. in 1749, M.A. in 1752 (Foster, Alumni Oxon. 1715–1886, ii. 608). While residing at Oxford he joined an amateur musical society, established by Dr. William Hayes (1708–1777) [q. v.], to which those only were admitted who were able to play and sing at sight. Abandoning his intention of taking orders he commenced the study of medicine, and in 1753 established himself as a physician at Wells. He accumulated his degrees in medicine in 1762. In 1771 he removed to Bath, where he devoted his leisure to composition, and founded the Bath Harmonic Society. The Duke of York appointed him his physician. He was also an alderman and magistrate of Bath, and served the office of mayor. Harington died on 15 Jan. 1816, and was buried in Bath Abbey. Two sons by his wife, Miss Musgrave—Sir Edward Harington and Henry Harington, D.D.—are separately noticed.
He published: 1. 'A Favourite Collection of Songs, Glees, Elegies, and Canons.' 2. 'A second Collection of Songs, Glees, Elegies, Canons, and Catches.' 3. 'A third Collection of Trios, Duetts, single Songs, Rotas,' 4. 'Songs, Duetts, and other Compositions ... never before published,' 1800, edited by his daughter Susanna Isabella Thomas. These had been preceded by several compositions issued separately, such as 'Eloi! Eloi! or the Death of Christ,' a sacred dirge for Passion week; 'Old Thomas Day;' 'Give me the Sweet Quaker's Wedding;' 'The Stammering Song;' and 'The Alderman's Thumb' (glee). Harington's compositions, whether sacred or humorous, are remarkably pleasing.
​His round, 'How great is the pleasure,' and duet, 'How sweet in the woodlands,' were once very popular. He was also author of: 1. 'Ode to Harmony.' 2. 'Ode to Discord.' 3. 'The Witch of Wokey.' 4. 'A Treatise on the Use and Abuse of Musick.' 5. 'The Geometrical Analogy of the Doctrine of the Trinity consonant to Human Reason,' 1806.
[Gent. Mag. 1816, pt. i. pp. 185-6, 352, 640; Public Characters, 1799-1800, pp. 494-506; Georgian Era; Reuss's Alphabetical Register, pt. i. p. 451; Dict. of Living Authors, 1816, pp. 145- 146; Grove's Dict. of Music, i. 691; J. D. Brown's Biog. Dict. of Musicians, p. 303.]
G. G.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.147 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
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# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hargrove, Ely

​HARGROVE, ELY (1741–1818), historian of Knaresborough, born at Halifax, Yorkshire, on 19 March (O.S.) 1741, was the son of James Hargrove of Halifax, by his wife Mary, daughter of George Gudgeon of Skipton-in-Craven in the same county. In February 1762 he settled at Knaresborough, Yorkshire, as a bookseller and publisher. A few years later he was able to open a branch business at Harrogate. In 1769, according to Boyne (Yorkshire Library, p. 141), appeared anonymously the first edition of Hargrove's 'History of the Castle, Town, and Forest of Knaresborough, with Harrogate and its Medicinal Waters,' &c., which was frequently republished, latterly with the compiler's name on the title-page. The York edition of 1789 contains plates and woodcuts by Thomas Bewick. To the sixth edition, 12mo, Knaresborough, 1809, is appended an 'Ode on Time,' reprinted in William Hargrove's ' York Poetical Miscellany,' 1835 (pp. 60-1). Hargrove also compiled: 1. 'Anecdotes of Archery from the earliest ages to the year 1791 . . . with some curious particulars in the Life of Robert Fitz-Ooth, Earl of Huntingdon, vulgarly called Robin Hood,' &c., 12mo, York, 1792 (another edition, 'revised, brought down to the present time, and interspersed with much new . . . matter, includ- ing an account of the principal existing societies of archers, a life of Robin Hood, and a glossary of terms used in archery, by Alfred E. Hargrove,' 8vo, York, 1845). 2. 'The Yorkshire Gazetteer, or a Dictionary of the Towns, Villages, and Hamlets, Monasteries and Castles, principal Mountains, Rivers, &c., in the county of York and Ainsty,' &c., 12mo, Knaresborough, 1806; second edition, 1812. Under the signature of 'E. H. K.' he contributed papers to the 'Gentleman's Magazine' on Yorkshire topography and antiquities (cf. Gent. Mag. for May 1789), and furnished an account of Boroughbridge to the fifth volume of Rees's 'New Cyclopædia.' His manuscript collections on Yorkshire history filled sixteen folio and quarto volumes. Hargrove died at Knaresborough on 5 Dec. 1818, and was buried in the churchyard there. He married, first, Christiana (d. 1780), daughter of Thomas Clapham of Firby, near Bedale, Yorkshire, by whom he had issue twelve children; and secondly, Mary, daughter of John Bower of Grenoside Hall, near Sheffield; she died at York in April 1825, and was buried at Knaresborough, leaving a son, William Hargrove [q. v.]
[Information from W. W. Hargrove, esq.; Gent. Mag. 1818, pt. ii. p. 645; David Rivers's Literary Memoirs of Living Authors.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hargreaves, Thomas

​HARGREAVES, THOMAS (1774–1847), miniature-painter, born at Liverpool on 16 March 1774, was son of Henry Hargreaves, a woollen-draper, and Elizabeth Rigby. He began painting miniatures at an early age, and on the advice of Sir Thomas Lawrence [q. v.], who had seen some of his work, he came to London in 1793. Hargreaves bound himself by indenture to serve as apprentice to Lawrence at a salary of fifty guineas per annum for two years from March 1793, and remained with him some ​time longer. Ill-health compelled his return to Liverpool, where he devoted himself entirely to miniature-painting. In 1798 he sent to the Royal Academy a portrait of Richard Suett, the comedian, and two miniatures. He exhibited there again in 1808 and 1809. In 1811 he became a member of the Liverpool Academy, and was a frequent contributor to its exhibitions. On the foundation of the Society of British Artists in Suffolk Street in 1824, Hargreaves became an original member, and contributed to its exhibitions. He died at Liverpool on 5 Jan. 1847. Among those whose portraits he painted in miniature were Mrs. Gladstone, the Right Hon. W. E. Gladstone and his sister together as children, Sir Thomas Lawrence, Lord Edward Fitzgerald, James Bartleman, the musician (now in the South Kensington Museum), and others. Some of his miniatures have been engraved. He left three sons, all miniature-painters. One of them, George Thomas Hargreaves, born in 1797, was also a member of the Society of British Artists, and died on 18 Dec. 1869.
[Redgrave's Dictionary of Artists; Bryan's Dictionary of Painters, ed. R. E. Graves; Williams's Life of Sir Thomas Lawrence, i. 329; Catalogues of the Royal Academy and South Kensington Museum.]
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Harington, Henry (1755-1791)

​HARINGTON, HENRY, D.D. (1755–1791), compiler of the 'Nugæ Antiquæ,' younger son of Henry Harington, M.D. [q. v.], was born at Wells about 1705, and matriculated at Queen's College, Oxford, 2 July 1770, aged 15, proceeding B.A. 1774, M.A. 1777, and B.D. and D.D. 1788. Entering holy orders, he became rector of North Cove with Willingham, Suffolk; rector of Heywood, Norfolk; prebendary of Bath and Wells 1 May 1787; minor canon of Norwich Cathedral; and assistant minister of St. Peter's, Mancroft, Norwich. He died at Norwich on 25 Dec. 1791.
From the family papers belonging to his father, Harington compiled at a very early age the valuable collection of literary pieces and historical notes known as 'Nugæ Antiquæ,' The volumes chiefly deal with the life and writings of Sir John Harington [q. v.] and his father. A first volume appeared in 1769, without the editor's name; a second volume, issued in 1775, bore Harington's name on the title-page, and was dedicated to Lord Francis Seymour, dean of Wells. A second enlarged edition in three volumes (the earliest copy in the British Museum) is dated 1779. Harington's name is on the title-page, and there is a dedication by him to Charles, bishop of Bath and Wells. The work was re-edited by Thomas Park in 1804, 2 vols.
[Foster's Alumni Oxon.; Le Neve's Fasti, ed. Hardy, i. 205; Gent. Mag. 1791, pt. ii. p. 1237.]
S. L. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Stevens, Francis

​STEVENS, FRANCIS (1781–1823), landscape-painter, was born, probably at Exeter, on 21 Nov. 1781. He was a pupil of Paul Sandby Munn [q. v.], and became a skilful painter of landscape and cottage architecture, working chiefly in watercolours. He exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1804 and 1805, and in the latter year was elected an associate of the newly founded Watercolour Society; he was promoted to full membership in 1809. Stevens was one of the originators of the Sketching Society in 1808. In 1815 he etched and published a series of views of farmhouses and cottages from drawings by Munn, Varley, Prout, and others. Later he settled at Exeter, whence he sent works to the Royal Academy in 1819 and 1822. He died of apoplexy at Exeter in 1823. His ‘Lustleigh Cleeve’ is in the Devon and Exeter Institution.
F. M. O'D.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Stevenson, George John

​STEVENSON, GEORGE JOHN (1818–1888), author and hymnologist, born at Chesterfield on 7 July 1818, was the son of John George Stevenson (1792–1866) of Chesterfield, by his wife Jane, daughter of John Aldred. George was educated at Duttoris grammar school, Chesterfield. From an early age until 1844 he was employed in the printing and bookselling business. In 1844 he entered St. John's College, Battersea, to be trained for an organising mastership under the National Society. In 1846 a reformatory school was established in the Philanthropic Institute, Southwark, for the benefit of the better conducted criminals from the convict prisons, and Stevenson was appointed first headmaster. In 1848 he became headmaster of the endowed parochial school at Lambeth Green, but in 1855 he resigned his post and established himself in Paternoster Row as a bookseller and publisher, a business which he continued until a few years before his death. From 1861 to 1867 he was editor and proprietor of the ‘Wesleyan Times,’ and in 1882 he edited the ‘Union Review.’ He died on 16 Aug. 1888.
After joining the methodists in 1831, Stevenson took the keenest interest in their history and literature, and brought out several publications embodying the results of his researches. One of the most important of these is the ‘Methodist Hymn Book and its Associations,’ 1869, which was published in an enlarged form in 1883 as ‘The Methodist Hymn Book, illustrated with Biography, Incident, and Anecdote.’ According to the Rev. John Julian, this is ‘the most complete account of methodist hymnody extant.’ Besides the works mentioned, Stevenson wrote:
* ‘The Origin of Alphabetical Characters,’ London, 1853, 8vo.
* ‘Sketch of the Life of C. H. Spurgeon,’ London, 1857, 12mo; new edit. 1887.
* ‘The American Evangelist,’ London, 1860, 12mo.
* ‘The Prince of Preachers, C. H. Spurgeon,’ London, 1867, 8vo.
* ‘City Road Chapel, London, and its Associations,’ Edinburgh, 1872, 8vo.
* ‘Memorials of the Wesley Family,’ London, 1876, 8vo; new edit. 1883.
* ‘Sir Charles Reed: a Life Sketch,’ London, 1884, 4to.
* ‘Historical Records of the Young Men's Christian Association,’ London, 1884, 8vo.
* ‘Methodist Worthies,’ London, 1884, &c., 8vo.
* ‘Memorial Sketch of May Stevenson,’ London, 1886, 8vo.
He also edited ‘A Historical Sketch of the Christian Community, 1818–1826,’ London, 1868. 8vo, and ‘Samuel Wesley's Memorials of Elizabeth Ann Wesley,’ London, 1887, 8vo.
[Julian's Dict. of Hymnology, p. 1093; Boase and Courtney's Bibl. Cornub. ii. 689.]
E. I. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Stevenson, George (1799-1856)

​STEVENSON, GEORGE (1799–1856), ‘father of the South Australian press,’ born at Berwick-on-Tweed on 13 April 1799, was son of a country gentleman who died when the boy was twelve years old. Destined for the merchant service, he was sent to sea with his uncle, the captain of an East Indiaman, but soon threw up his berth, and began to study medicine in Scotland. About 1820 he emigrated to Canada, and for some years lived as a backwoodsman; he travelled through Central America and the West Indies, finally returning to London in 1830. There he commenced literary work, and obtained employment on the ‘Globe’ newspaper, of which he became editor in 1835.
Stevenson was greatly interested in the Wakefield scheme for the colonisation of South Australia, and was induced in 1836 to resign his editorship in order to emigrate to South Australia as private secretary to ​John Hindmarsh [q. v.], the first governor. He was present at the proclamation of the new colony on 28 Dec. 1836. He was first clerk of the legislative council, and one of the first coroners and magistrates in the colony.
Before leaving England Stevenson had arranged with one Thomas Robinson for the issue of the first colonial newspaper, to be called the ‘South Australian Gazette and Colonial Register.’ In 1838, resigning his office under the crown, he devoted himself to the paper, which then became the ‘South Australian Register.’ But in 1840 he lost the government contract for printing, and in 1842, in consequence partly of the general financial crisis in the colony, partly of the actions brought against the paper by Sir George Stephens, he relinquished his work, and gave himself to the study of viticulture. In 1845 the discovery of the Burra Burra mines made a new demand for journalism, and he started his paper again as the ‘South Australian Gazette and Mining Journal.’ In 1851 he went to the diggings in Victoria, with the view of running a mining journal; but his success was not great, and in 1853 he returned to Adelaide, and for a short time acted on the staff of the ‘Adelaide Times.’ After this he only occasionally contributed articles to the press, and those chiefly non-political.
As a horticulturist Stevenson seems to have been most in his element. His vineyard was one of the first in South Australia, and the colony owes him much for the practical impetus given to its vineyards by his personal example in planting, writing, and lecturing. On agricultural experiment generally he spent large sums of money.
Stevenson was coroner of Adelaide and a J.P. at the time of his death, which took place on 19 Oct. 1856 at his residence in North Adelaide. He married, in 1836, Margaret, daughter of John Gorton (of the ‘Globe’), who, with three children, survived him.
Stevenson aided Sir William Henry Lytton Earle Bulwer (Lord Dalling) [q. v.] in his ‘France, Social, Literary, Political’ (1834, 12mo, 2 vols.).
[Logan's Representative Men of South Australia, Adelaide, 1883; Adelaide Times, 20 Oct. 1856.]
C. A. H.