OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Heraclea

​HERACLEA, daughter of Hieron II., king of Syracuse, was married to a Syracusan named Zoïppus. Though her husband was a man of a quiet and unambitious character, and had taken no part in the schemes of Andranodorus and Themistus, after the death of Hieronymus, the unhappy Heraclea was nevertheless involved in the sentence of proscription passed on the whole house of Hieron at the instigation of Sopater, and was put to death together with her two daughters. It is said that the people relented, and revoked the sentence against her, but not until it was too late. (Liv. xxiv. 26.)
[E. H. B.]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Heracleon

​HERA′CLEON (Ἡρακλέων), a grammarian, a native of Egypt, mentioned by Suidas (s. v.) and quoted by Stephanus of Byzantium, Harpocration (s. v. Μαρτυλεῖον), Eustathius (pp. 1910, 106. c. 524. b.), and in the Scholia Marciana on Homer. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. i. pp. 388, 513, vol. vi. p. 368.) [C.P. M.]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography/A'bnoba

​Ạ̻'BNOBA (Αύνοβα: Schwarzwald, BlackForest), a range of hills in Germany, extending from the Oberland of Baden northward as far as the modern town of Pforzheim. In later times it was sometimes called Silva Marciana. On its eastern side are the sources of the Danube. Its name is sometimes spelt Arnoba or Arbona, but the correct orthography is established by inscriptions. (Orelli, Inscr. Lat. no. 1986.) Ptolemy (ii. 11. § 7) incorrectly places the range of the Abnoba too far N. between the Maine and the source of the Ems. (Tadt. Germ. 1 ; Fest. Avien. Descript. Orb. 437; Plin. iv. 12. s. 24; Martian. Capell. vi. § 662 ;comp. Creuzer, Zur Gesch. der Alt-Rom. Cultur, pp. 65, 108.)[ L. S. ]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography/A'byla

​A'BYLA, or A'BILA MONS or COLUMNA (Άβύλη or Άβίλη στήλη, Άβυλυξ, Eratosth.: Ximiera, Jebel-el-Mina, or Monte del Hacho) a high precipitous rock, forming the E. extremity of the S., or African, coast of the narrow entrance from the Atlantic to the Mediterranean (Fretum Gaditanum or Herculeum, Straits of Gibraltar). It forms an outlying spur of the range of mountains which runs parallel to the coast under the name of Septem Fratres (Jebel Zatout, i. e. Ape's Hill), and which appear to have been originally included under the name of Abyla. They may be regarded as the NW. end of the Lesser Atlas. The rock is connected with the main range by a low and narrow tongue of land, about 3 miles long, occupied, in ancient times, by a Roman fortress (Castellum ad Septem Fratres), and now by the Spanish town of Ceuta or Sebta the citadel of which is on the hill itself. The rock of Abyla, with the opposite rock of Calpe (Gibraltar) on the coast of Spain, formed the renowned "Columns of Hercules" (Ηρακλείαι στήλαι or simply στήλαι), so called from the fable that they were originally one mountain, which was torn asunder by Hercules. (Strab. pp. 170, 829; Plin. iii. prooem., v. 1; Mela, ii. 6 ; Exploration Scientifique de l'Algérie, tom. viii. p. 301.)[ P. S. ]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography/A'bia

​A′BIA (ἡ Ἀβία: nr. Zaranata), a town of Messenia, on the Messenian gulf, and a little above the woody dell, named Choerius, which formed the boundary between Messenia and Laconia in the time of Pausanias. It is said to have been the same town as the Ira of the Iliad (ix. 292), one of the seven towns which Agamemnon offered to Achilles, and to have derived its later name from Abia, the nurse of Hyllus, the son of Hercules. Subsequently it belonged, with Thuria and Pharae, to the Achaean League. It continued to be a place of some importance down to the reign of Hadrian, as we learn from an extant inscription of that period. (Paus. iv. 30; Polyb. xxv. 1; Paciandi, Monum. Pelopon. ii. pp. 77, 145, cited by Hoffmann, Griechenland, p. 1020; Leake, Morea, vol. i. p. 325.)
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography/A'bii

​A′BII (Ἄβιοι), a Scythian people, placed by Ptolemy in the extreme N. of Scythia extra Imaum, near the Hippophagi; bat there were very different opinions about them. Homer (Il. xiii. 5, 6) represents Zeus, on the summit of M. Ida, as taming away his eyes from the battle before the Greek camp, and "looking down upon the land of the Thracians familiar with horses," Μυσῶν τ' ἀγχεμάχων, καὶ ἀγαυῶν ἱππημολγῶν, γλακτοφάγων, ἀβίων τε, δικαιοτάτων ἀνθρώπων. Ancient and modern commentators have doubted greatly which of these words to take as proper names, except the first two, which nearly all agree to refer to the Mysians of Thrace. The fact would seem to be that the poet had heard accounts of the great nomade peoples who inhabited the steppes NW. and N. of the Euxine, whose whole wealth lay in their herds, especially of horses, on the milk of which ​ they lived, and who were supposed to preserve the innocence of a state of nature; and of them, therefore, he speaks collectively by epithets suited to such descriptions, and, among the rest, as άβίος, poor, with scanty means of life (from α and βίος). The people thus described answer to the later notions respecting the Hyperboreans, whose name does not occur in Homer. Afterwards, the epithets applied by Homer to this supposed primitive people were taken as proper names, and were assigned to different tribes of the Scythians, so that we have mention of the Scythae Agavi, Hippemolgi, Galactophagi (and Galactopotae) and Abii. The last are mentioned as a distinct people by Aeschylus, who prefixes a guttural to the name, and describes the Gabii as the most just and hospitable of men, living on the self-sown fruits of the untilled earth ; but we have no Indication of where he placed them (Prom. Solut. Fr. 184). Of those commentators, who take the word in Homer for a proper name, some place them in Thrace, some in Scythia, and some near the Amazons, who in vain urged them to take part in an expedition against Asia (Eustath. ad Il. 1 c. p. 916; Steph. Byz. l. c.); in fact, like the correspondent fabulous people, the Hyporborei, they seem to have been moved back, as knowledge advanced, further and further into the unknown regions of the north. In the histories of Alexander's expedition we are told that ambassadors came to him at Maracanda (Samarkand) from the Abii Scythae, a tribe who had been independent since the time of Cyrus, and were renowned for their just and peaceful character (Arrian. Anab. iv. 1 ; Q. Curt. vii. 6); but the specific name of the tribe of Scythians who sent this embassy is probably only an instance of the attempts made to illustrate the old mythical geography by Alexander's conquests. In these accounts their precise locality is not indicated: Ammianus Marcellmus places them N. of Hyrcania (xxiii. 6). An extended discussion will be found in Strabo of the various opinions respecting the Abii up to his time (pp. 296, 303, 311, 553; Droysen, in the Rhein. Mus. vol. ii. p. 92, 1834).[ P. S. ]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography
## Contents

* List of writers in Vols. I & II
* Preface
* Volume I: Abacaenum - Hytanis
* Volume II: Iabadius - Zymethus
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography/A'baris

​A′BARIS, the fortified camp of the Hyksos during their occupation of Egypt. For details see Aegyptus.
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography/A'batos

​A′BATOS, a rocky island in the Nile, near Philae, which the priests alone were permitted to enter. (Senec. Q. N. iv. 2; Lucan, x. 323.)
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography/A'bila

​A'BILA (Άβιλα: Eth. Άβιληνός). It would appear that there were several towns bearing this appellation in the districts which border upon Palestine. The most important of these was a place of strength in Coele-Syria, now Nebi Abel, situated between Heliopolis and Damascus, in lat. 33° 38'N., long. 36° 18' W. It was the chief town of the tetrarchy of Abilene, and is frequently termed, by way of distinction, Abila Lysaniae (DGRG Greek). [Abilene.]
Belleye has written a dissertation in the Transactions of the Academy of Belles Lettres to prove that this Abila is the same with Leucas on the river Chrysorrhoas which at one period assumed the name of Claudiopolis, as we learn from some coins described by Eckhel. The question is much complicated by the circumstance that medals have been preserved of a town in Code-Syria called Abila Leucas, which, as can be demonstrated from the pieces themselves, must have been different from Abila Lysaniae. (Eckhel, vol. iii. pp. 337, 345; Ptol. v. 15. § 22; Plin. v. 18; Antonin. Itiner. pp. 198, 199, ed. Wessel.)[ W. R. ]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography/A'ccua

​A'CCUA, a small town of Apulia, mentioned only by Livy (xxiv. 20) as one of the places recovered by Q. Fabius from the Carthaginians in the fifth year of the Second Punic War, B. C. 214. It appears from this passage to have been somewhere in the neighbourhood of Luceria, but its exact site is unknown.[ E. H. B. ]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography/A'celum

​A'CELUM (Asolo), a town of the interior of Venetia, situated near the foot of the Alps, about 18 miles NW. of Treviso. (Plin. iii. 19. s. 23; Ptol. iii. 1. § 30.) The name is written "Axcfioy in our editions of Ptolemy, but the correctness of the form Acelum given by Pliny is confirmed by that of the modern town. We learn from Paulus Diaconus (iii. 25, where it is corruptly written Acilium), that it was a bishop's see in the 6th century.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Dod, Timothy

​DOD, TIMOTHY (d. 1665) nonconformist divine, was the son of the Rev. John Dod of Fawsley, Northamptonshire [q. v.] No particulars as to the date of his birth or his education are known, but he was publicly ordained at Daventry subsequently to 1640, and settled there as a preacher. Although he was merely afternoon lecturer at the church, the people liked him so much that they made up his income to 40l. per annum, practically the value of the vicarage, and he is said to have charged the collectors never to take any contribution from the poor. During the latter part of his life he was much celebrated as a preacher, but being excessively stout was unable to get into the pulpit, and had to preach from a pew or the desk. He was one of the ejected ministers of 1662. On the occasion of an epidemic at Daventry he removed to the neighbouring village of Everdon. During the latter part of his life he was afflicted with a number of painful disorders, and, dying in December 1665, was buried at Everdon, where a tablet to his memory was erected in the church. He is affirmed to have been a melancholy, humble, and affable man, and to have been accustomed to pray seven times a day, twice with his family, twice with his wife only, and three times alone.
[Palmer's Nonconformist's Memorial, iii. 30; Bridges's Hist. of Northamptonshire, ‘Everdon.’]
A. C. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Dodd, George (1783-1827)

​DODD, GEORGE (1783–1827), engineer, son of Ralph Dodd [q. v.], was educated by his father as a civil engineer and architect, practising with considerable distinction. He is stated to have been the projector and designer of Waterloo Bridge. This error arises from the fact of his being the resident engineer under John Rennie, to whose genius this work is entirely due. Dodd was so ‘imprudent as to resign this situation.’ He is said to have been the first projector of steamboats on the Thames, but his connection with the scheme was soon broken off, and he was much depressed by this disappointment, and by the want of encouragement for a plan for extinguishing fires at sea. He took to drink and was found in a state of complete destitution in the streets in September 1827. At his own request he was committed to the compter, where he refused to take medicine and died of exhaustion on 25 Sept. 1827. He left a son and daughter.
R. H-t.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Dod, Henry

​DOD, HENRY (1550?–1630?), poet, was of the old family of Dod, or Doddes, Cheshire. For the use of his own family he versified nine psalms. They were published in London in 1603 as ‘Certaine Psalmes of David in meter,’ by H. D. The undertaking was sanctioned by James I, and the impression was quickly sold. Afterwards, at the request of some of the puritan clergy, Dod undertook a metrical re-cast of the entire psalter, published as ‘Al the Psalmes of David, with certaine Songes and Canticles,’ &c. It is dedicated to John Brewen [see Bruen, John], John Dod of Tussingham, and John Dod of Broxon, all of Cheshire. It has no name of author, printer, or place. It is dated 1620, and the initials H. D. are appended to its Address to the Christian Reader. It was perhaps printed abroad, and ​Wither was possibly right when he said it was condemned here by authority to the fire. With it Dod printed his metrical version of the Act of Parliament for ordering a Gunpowder Plot Thanksgiving Service. The book is rare. Out of the three known copies, two (Brit. Mus. and Bodleian) were in Dod's own possession, and contain his manuscript notes and errata. The only known copy of his ‘Certaine Psalmes,’ 1603, is in the University Library, Cambridge.
Dod has been described as a silk mercer, on the strength of Wither's phrase, ‘Dod the silkman.’ He may have been the Henry Dod who was incumbent of Felpham, Sussex, in 1630; and possibly the ‘H. D.’ for whom Gregory Seaton printed ‘A Treatise of Faith and Workes,’ &c., in 1583. Nothing is known of his death.
[Dod's Address to Al the Psalmes; Wither's Schollers Purgatory, 33; Corser's Collectanea, v. 210–13; Cotton's Editions of the Bible, 2nd ed. 159 note, 165; Ames's Typogr. Antiq. iii. 1326; Dallaway's Western Sussex, 1832 ed. ii. pt. i. 9; Earwaker's East Cheshire, i. 174.]
J. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Dodd, Daniel

​DODD, DANIEL (fl. 1760–1790), painter, was a member of the Free Society of Artists, and first appears as an exhibitor at Spring Gardens in 1761. He continued to contribute many works to the same exhibition up to 1780. He resided first at Old Ford, near Bow, but subsequently moved into London. His works were principally portraits in crayons on a small scale, and sometimes in oil. Among them may be mentioned a copy in crayons of ‘Garrick between Tragedy and Comedy,’ portraits of Mr. Darley, Mr. Fielding, Mrs. Rudd, and of Nathan Potts of the ‘Robin Hood’ Society (engraved in mezzotint by Butler Clowes). He also etched a few portraits, one being a portrait of Leveridge the actor, after Frye. Buckhorse the pugilist was a favourite subject of his; besides painting his portrait, he engraved it in mezzotint himself. He designed illustrations for Harrison's ‘Novelists,’ Raymond's ‘History of England,’ and similar publications. He also drew scenes of fashionable life, crowded with figures, with some success, such as ‘A View of the Ball at St. James's on Her Majesty's Birthnight’ (engraved by Tukey), ‘A View of the Exhibition of the Royal Academy at Somerset House’ (engraved by Angus), ‘The Royal Procession to St. Paul's,’ ‘The Exhibition of Copley's Picture of the Death of Lord Chatham at the Exhibition Room in Spring Gardens’ (engraved by Angus), &c. He had a son and a daughter, who were both artists, and exhibited with the Free Society of Artists in 1768 and the following years.
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Brome, James

​BROME, JAMES (d. 1719), author of two books of travels, was ordained rector of Cheriton, Kent, on 9 June 1676, and became vicar of the adjoining parish of Newington in 1677. He was also chaplain to the Cinque Ports. In 1694 there appeared 'Historical Account of Mr. R. Rogers's three years' Travels over England and Wales,' and in 1700 Brome published under his own name 'Travels over England, Scotland, and Wales.' He stated in the preface that it had only lately come to his notice that his own 'Travels' had stolen, in an imperfect and erroneous form, into the world as the travels of Mr. Rogers, and that he had been forced to publish an authentic version in self-defence. A second edition appeared in 1707. Another book of travels by Brome appeared in 1712, under the title 'Travels through Portugal, Spain, and Italy.' He also published in 1693 William Somner's 'Treatise of the Roman Ports and Forts in Kent,' and he is the author of several single sermons published. He died in 1719.
[Hasted's Kent, iii. 392, 399; Brit. Mus. Cat.; Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Notes and Queries, 3rd series, iii. 49.]
T. F. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Broke, Richard

1904 Errata appended.
​BROKE or BROOKE, Sir RICHARD (d. 1529), chief baron of the exchequer, was fourth son of Thomas Broke of Leighton in Cheshire, and his wife, daughter and heiress of John Parker of Copnall. His ancestors had been Brokes of Leighton since the twelfth century, and came of a common stock with the Brookes of Norton. On 11 July 1510 (Pat. 2 Hen. VIII, p. 2, m. 2, and S.B.) he obtained a royal exemption from becoming serjeant-at-law, an honour then conferred only on barristers of at least sixteen years practice at the bar. Perhaps he was deterred, as others had been (Dugdale, Orig. p. 110), by the great expenses attending the promotion ; but he did not long avail himself of his privilege, he being one of the nine Serjeants appointed in the following November. He was double reader in his inn, the Middle Temple, in the autumn of 1510, and must have passed his first readership before 1502, at which date Dugdale's list of readers commences. In the spring of 1511 (2 Hen. VIII), from under-sheriffhe became recorder of London, an office he filled till 1520. Foss says he represented the city of London in the parliaments of 1511 and 1515, the returns of members to which parliaments are stated to be 'not found' in the House of Lords' Report. In the parliament of 1523 he was one of the triers of petitions. In June 1519 he appears as a junior justice of assize for the Norfolk circuit. He became a judge of the common pleas and knight in 1520 (fines levied Easter, 12 Hen. VIII), and chief baron of the exchequer on 24 Jan. 1526 (Com. de Term. Hill., 17 Hen. VIII, Rot. 1), and continued in both offices till his death in May or June 1529. As serjeant, and afterwards as judge, his name appears in many commissions for the home and Norfolk circuits. His will, dated 6 May 1529, was proved on 2 July 1529 by his widow, daughter of ___ Ledes, by whom he left three sons, Robert (afterwards of ​Nacton), William, and John, and four daughters, Bridget, Cicely, Elizabeth (married ___ Fouleshurst), and Margaret. Bridget had married George Fastolfe of Nacton, who died without issue in 1527, leaving his manors of Nacton, Cowhall, and Shullondhall, Suffolk, to her, with remainder to her father and his heirs, who thus became Brokes of Nacton. Sir Richard left property in Norfolk, Kent, Surrey, and Sussex. A direct descendant, Robert Broke of Nacton, was created baronet in 1661, and died without male issue in 1693, when the estates passed to his nephew Robert, grandfather of Admiral Sir Philip Bowes Vere Broke [q. v.]
[Foss's Lives of the Judges; Dugdale's Orig. Jurid. p. 215, and Chronica Series, pp. 79, 80; Ormerod's Cheshire, iii. 241; Harl. MS. 1560, 317 b; Cal. State Papers, Hen. VIII, vols. i.-iv.; Noorthouck's London, p. 893 Add.; Stow's Survey; Broke's will in Somerset House.]
R. H. B.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.37 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 388 | ii | 22 f.e. | Broke, Sir Richard: for In the spring of 1511 (2 Hen. VIII) read On 19 July 1510 |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Brome, Alexander

​BROME, ALEXANDER (1620–1666), poet, born in 1620, was an attorney in the lord mayor's court, according to Langbaine, and in the court of king's bench, according to Richard Smith's ' Obituary,' published by the Camden Society. During the civil wars he distinguished himself by his attachment to the royalist cause, and was the author of many songs and epigrams in ridicule of the Rump. In 1653 he edited, in an 8vo volume, 'Five New Playes' by Richard Brome [q. v.] (to whom he was not related), and in 1659 five more 'New Playes,' 1 vol. 8vo. He published, in 1654, a comedy of his own, entitled 'The Cunning Lovers.' His 'Songs and Poems' were collected in 1661, 8vo, with commendatory verses by Izaak Walton and others, and a dedication to Sir J. Robinson, lieutenant of the Tower. The second edition, 'corrected and enlarged,' appeared in 1664. ​To this edition are prefixed a prose commendatory letter signed 'R. B.' (probably the initials of Richard Brathwaite), additional verses by Charles Strynings and Valentine Oldys, and a prose letter signed 'T. H.' Among the new poems in this edition are an epistle 'To his friend Thomas Stanley, Esq., on his Odes,' and 'Cromwell's Panegyrick.' A third edition, with a few additional poems and with elegies by Charles Cotton and Richard Newcourt, appeared in 1668, 8vo. Brome was a spirited song-writer, and his bacchanalian lyrics have always the true ring. Phillips, in his 'Theatrum Poetarum,' says that he 'was of so jovial a strain that among the sons of Mirth and Bacchus, to whom his sack-inspired songs have been so often sung to the spritely violin, his name cannot choose but be immortal; and in this respect he may well be styled the English Anacreon.' His satirical pieces are sprightly without being offensively gross. Brome was a contributor to, and editor of, a variorum translation of Horace, published in 1666. He had formed the intention of translating Lucretius, as we learn from an epigram of Sir Aston Cokaine (Poems, p. 204); but he did not carry out his project. Commendatory poems by Brome are prefixed to the first folio edition of Beaumont and Fletcher's works (1647), and to the second edition of Walton's 'Angler,' 1655. He died on 30 June 1666. An Alexander Brome, who died before 25 Sept. 1666, was a member of the New River Company. There are songs of Brome's in 'Wit's Interpreter,' 'Wit restored,' 'Wit and Drollery,' 'Westminster Drollery,' 'The Rump,' and other collections. The 'Covent Garden Drollery,' 1671, edited by A. B., has been wrongly attributed to Brome.
[Corser's Collectanea Anglo-Poetica, iii. 114119; Langbaine's Dramatic Poets -with Oldys's MS. annotations; Phillips's Theatrum Poetarum, 1675.]
A. H. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Brome, Adam de

​BROME, ADAM de (d. 1332), founder of Oriel College, Oxford, of whose early life nothing is known, was rector of Hanworth in Middlesex in 1315, chancellor of Durham in 1316, archdeacon of Stow in 1319, and in the same year was made vicar of St. Mary in Oxford. He was also a clerk in chancery and almoner of Edward II. In 1324 he received the royal license to purchase a messuage and found a college in Oxford to the honour of the Virgin Mary. He obtained several benefactions from Edward II for his new foundation, which was to consist of a provost and ten fellows or scholars, who were to devote themselves to the study of divinity, logic, or law. He was appointed the first provost by the king in 1325, and drafted his statutes in the following year. The statutes bear a close resemblance to those which Walter de Merton had framed for Merton College. Brome died in June 1332, and was buried in St. Mary's Church, Oxford.
[Wood's Colleges and Halls (Gutch), 122, &c.; Statutes of Oriel College, in Statutes of Colleges of Oxford (1853), vol. i.]
M. C.