OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Men of Kent and Kentishmen/Thomas Brett

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Thomas Brett,
DIVINE, AND CONTROVERSIAL WRITER,
Was a native of Betteshanger, where he was born in 1667. He was educated at the Grammar School of Wye, whence he proceeded to Queen's College, Cambridge, thence to Corpus Christi, 1689. On taking his degree, in the same ​year, he made no scruple of taking the oaths of supremacy and allegiance to William III, having been brought up in Whig principles; but some years later, in 1705, he began to have doubts, and finally joined the party of the Non-jurors. Before this he held successively the livings of Betteshanger and of Ruckinge. The latter he resigned in 1715, and lived the remainder of his life in obscurity, till his death in 1743.
He was a voluminous writer of controversial pieces. His "Dissertation on the principal Liturgies of the Christian Church," published 1720, has been highly commended. In 1743 was published his "Letter to a Clergyman," showing why our English Bibles differ so much from the Septuagint, though both are translated from the Hebrew Original.
[See "Chalmer's Biographical Dictionary," "Nichols's, Literary Anecdotes," "Allibone's Dictionary of Authors."]
# Men of Kent and Kentishmen/Thomas Digges

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Thomas Digges,
SOLDIER AND MATHEMATICIAN,
Was the son of the preceding, and an equally illustrious mathematician. He was born, probably at Wotton Courts near Canterbury, which had been purchased by his father. He was at the same time a soldier, and held the commission of Muster-master-general to the forces in the Netherlands, sent by Elizabeth. Besides revising his father's works he wrote several of his own, and drew up a plan for the improvement of the harbour and mole of Dover, 1582. He died 1595, and was buried in the church of Aldermanbury, in London.
[See "Wood's Athenæ Oxon.," by Bliss, "Ames's Typographia Antiqua," "Biographia Britannica," "Hasted's Kent."]
# Men of Kent and Kentishmen/Thomas Case

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Thomas Case,
NONCONFORMIST DIVINE,
Was born at Bexley in 1598, and educated at Christ Church, Oxford. Being expelled from the living of Erpingham, in Norfolk, for Nonconformity, he joined the Parliament, and was appointed, when that party came to power, to the Ministry of St. Mary Magdalen, Milk Street, London. Subsequently he became Lecturer at Aldermanbury, St. Giles, Cripplegate, and finally rector of St. Giles in the Fields. He was the originator of the "Morning Exercises," in which some of the ablest Nonconformist sermons were published between 1677-90. He ​was imprisoned in the Tower on a charge of being implicated in Love's plot. He died in 1682.
[See "Wood's Athenæ," and "Fasti," and "Granger's Biographical History."]
# Men of Kent and Kentishmen/Thomas Charnock

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Thomas Charnock,
ALCHEMIST,
Was born, according to his own statement, in the Isle of Thanet in the year 1524. He speaks of himself ("truly enough," as Fuller somewhat spitefully remarks) as the "unlettered scholar." Like many other "philosophers" of the time, he devoted himself to the vain task of the discovery of the "philosopher's stone" He published the result of his researches in a work entitled "The Breviary of Natural Philosophy," which is included in the "Theatrum Chemicum Britannicum " of Elias Ashmole, published in 1651. He died in 1581.
[See "Fuller's Worthies."]
# Men of Kent and Kentishmen/Stephen Langton

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Stephen Langton,
CARDINAL ARCHBISHOP,
No less than four counties claim the honour of giving birth to this renowned prelate, and Kent being among them, his name is here given. As, however, there is no proof of his being a Kentish man, and as, on the contrary, the probability is that he belonged to a northern, most likely a Yorkshire family, he must be excluded from further notice here.
# Men of Kent and Kentishmen/Thomas Boys

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Thomas Boys,
THEOLOGIAN AND ANTIQUARY,
Another member of this distinguished Kentish family, was born at Sandwich in 1792. He was educated at Tonbridge, and Trinity College, Cambridge. On leaving the University he entered the Army, and served in the Peninsula; but, after the Peace, he entered the Church, and was ordained in 1816. In 1848 he became incumbent of Holy Trinity, Hoxton, a living which he held till his death, September 2nd, 1880.
Whilst in the Peninsula, Mr. Boys translated the Bible into Portuguese so satisfactorily that his version has been accepted both by Catholics and Protestants of that nationality. His proficiency as a Hebrew scholar obtained for him the appointment, which he held from 1830 to 1832, of Hebrew Professor at the Jews' College, Hackney, and subsequently at the Missionary College, Islington, in 1836. Whilst holding this post he revised Deodati's Italian Bible, and also the Arabic Bible. His knowledge of ​Hebrew Literature and Antiquities is displayed in a number of works of which the principal are the following:—"Tactica Sacra, an attempt to develop and exhibit to the eye by tabular arrangement, a general rule of Composition prevailing in the Holy Scriptures," London, 1825.—"Suppressed Evidence on Miracles," 1832; "A Word for the Bible," 1832; "A Help to Hebrew," 1834.
In addition, he published a number of sermons, and contributed to Blackwood's Magazine many sketches and papers descriptive of his Peninsular experiences, the most important of which appeared in 1849 and 1850, under the title of "My Peninsular Medal," but not the least valuable of his literary productions are to be found in the pages of "Notes and Queries," to which periodical, sometimes in his own name and sometimes under the signature of "Vedette," he contributed many learned papers, amongst which are twelve articles on Chaucer, forming altogether a very valuable study on the difficulties of Early English Literature.
[See Annual Register, and Times Obituary Notices, 1880, the latter reproduced in Notes and Queries, 5th Ser. Vol, ii; also Allibone's Dictionary of Authors.]
# Men of Kent and Kentishmen/Thomas Glover

published work in error, person was actually named Robert Glover
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Thomas Glover
HERALDIC WRITER,
Was born at Ashford in 1543. He was made Portcullis, and afterwards Somerset Herald. He assisted Camden in his pedigrees for his Britannia; Powell in his history of Wales; and made a collection of funeral inscriptions upon the monuments in Kent. He died in 1588. His ​son Robert, also a Kentish man, followed in his father's steps and succeeded him as Somerset Herald.
[See "Gentleman's Magazine" (1803), "Fuller's Worthies," and "Noble's College of Arms."]
# Men of Kent and Kentishmen/Thomas Haslewood

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Thomas Haslewood,
HISTORIAN,
Was a native of Kent, and a Canon of the Abbey of Leeds in the reign of Edward II. Fuller says "he was an excellent scholar and a fortunate schoolmaster to teach others." But "towards his old age," says another writer, "he took to reading and writing history, for which reason William Botoner afterwards gave him a place among his famous historians, and not undeservedly, for it appears he published many things, and chiefly that work which he entitles "A Compendious Chronicle." He died about 1321.
[See "Fuller's Worthies."]
# Men of Kent and Kentishmen/Stephen of Gravesend

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Stephen of Gravesend,
BISHOP OF LONDON, 1318,
Was (by inference) a native of Kent. Previous to his appointment he was Prebendary of Wenlakesbarn and Chamberlain Wood. He strenuously opposed the archbishop's pretensions to the right of visitation in his diocese, and of the monks of Canterbury to elect to that see. He also opposed the deposing of Edward II., and refused to qualify himself to his son and successor. He was convicted of conniving at the escape of that prince, though, as afterwards appeared, he was dead. He founded in St. Paul's a charity of two priests for the celebration of mass for his soul, and died 8th April, 1338.
[See Wharton's "De Episcopis Londonensibus."]
# Men of Kent and Kentishmen/Thomas Comber

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Thomas Comber,
DIVINE,
Was born at Westerham, March 19, 1644. He was educated at the school of his native place, and at Sidney-Sussex College, Cambridge. After leaving College, he became the assistant of the Rev. William Holland, rector of All Hallows, Staining, and was subsequently rector of Stonegrave, Yorkshire. Here he wrote three parts of his well-known work "The Companion to the Temple." In ​1677 he was installed prebend of Holme, and the following year presented to the living of Thornton. In 1680, he published a reply to Selden's "History of Tithes," and a tract entitled "Religion and Loyalty," directed against the succession of a popish prince to the English throne. For this and other services to the Protestant cause, when William III came to the throne, he was presented to the Deanery of Durham, which he held till his death in 1699. Besides the above treatises he published numerous learned works of a liturgical character. His memoirs were written by his grandson, q. v.
[See also "Biographia Britannica," and "Allibone's Dictionary of Authors."]
# Mobile, Jackson, & Kansas City Railroad Company v. Turnipseed

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
219 U.S. 35
Mobile, Jackson, & Kansas City Railroad Company v. Turnipseed
Argued: November 30, 1910. --- Decided: December 19, 1910
Mr. James N. Flowers and Messrs. May, Flowers, & Whitfield for plaintiff in error.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 36-39 intentionally omitted]
Mr. C. H. Alexander for defendant in error.
Mr. Justice Lurton delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Mizpah

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "Mizpah."
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This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* "Mizpah," in Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)
* "Mizpah", a poem by Annie Lanman Angier
* "Mizpah", a poem by Elizabeth Heléne Freston
* "Mizpah", 1915 poem by Covington Hall
* "Mizpah", a poem by Mary C. Ryan
* "Mizpah", 1918 poem by Gertrude Stewart
# Natural History: Mammalia/Carnivora

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ORDER IV. CARNIVORA.
(Flesh-eating Animals.)
The food of the preceding orders, though not procured without the destruction of animal life, is yet obtained, almost entirely, from the invertebrate classes, Insects and Worms. For the capture and conquest of these no great vigour is required, and hence we have seen the animals to be small in size, and comparatively feeble in the organization necessary for the destruction of life. In this Order, however, to use the words of one of the greatest zoologists, "the sanguinary appetite is combined with the force necessary for its gratification. There are always four stout and long separated canines, between which are six incisors to each jaw. The molars are either wholly cutting, or have some
SKULL OF TIGER.
blunted tuberculous parts, but are never studded with sharp conical projections."
​All the families of the order do not, however, possess the carnivorous appetite, or the destructive power, in the same degree. The character of the molar teeth indicates, with the utmost precision, the extent to which the flesh-eating propensity exists in any animal of this order. In the Cats (Felidæ) the most typical of all Carnivora, the molars terminate at their summits in triangular lobes, the edges of which cut like lancets; and they have but one small tuberculous tooth on each side, and that only in the upper jaw. On the other hand, the Bears (Ursidæ), most of which feed largely on vegetable substances, have nearly all the molar teeth tuberculated. Yet from one of these extremes to the other, there runs a series of modifications forming an almost uninterrupted chain.
The present order is one of great extent; and its numerous species are widely distributed over both continents. Among those which inhabit tropical regions, are found the most ferocious and most formidable of quadrupeds. It comprises six families, Ursidæ, Musteladæ, Felidæ, Viverradæ, Canidæ, and Phocadæ.
# National Geographic Magazine/Volume 31/Number 6/Our State Flowers/The Golden Poppy

See also ... Main article • Index to our State flowers • List of illustrations

## Our State Flowers
### The Golden Poppy (Eschscholtzia californica Cham.)

No State has chosen its representative flower more appropriately than California. The golden poppy, the very essence of California's sunshine, has woven its brightness into the history of the Pacific coast. During the spring months, when it covers valley, field, and mountain side with a cloth of gold, men, women, and children make a festival of poppy-gathering like the Japanese at cherry-blossom time.
Tradition alleges that a tilted mesa north of Pasadena when aglow with poppies in the spring used to serve as a beacon to coasting ships more than twenty-five miles away, a tale which is not wisely questioned by one who has never seen the glory of a golden-poppy field. Certain it is that early Spanish explorers saw some of the hillsides covered with these flowers and named the coast “The Land of Fire.” It was “sacred to San Pascual,” they said, “since his altar-cloth is spread upon all its hills.”
No State flower had more lovely rivals—Baby Blue Eyes, the butterfly or Mariposa tulips, the gilias, the lupines, and the California peony have a firm hold on the affections of nature lovers in a Commonwealth from whose floral treasures the finest cultivated gardens in the world have been enriched. But the golden poppy safely outdistanced all competitors and is now the crowned queen of the land of the setting sun.
The scientific name of this poppy was acquired when a Russian scientific expedition under Kotzebue, in 1815, explored what is now California. Chamisso, the naturalist of the expedition, named it for Dr. Eschscholtz, a companion naturalist, the Eschscholtzia californica. It is an unfortunate name; and the extra “t” must have been inserted amid that array of consonants with deliberate intent to appall the English eye and paralyze the English-speaking tongue. Though copa de oro, the Spanish “cup of gold,” has a poetic attractiveness, yet it is not much used, even by the Spanish Americans.
Source: —, ed. (June 1917), “Our State Flowers: The Floral Emblems Chosen by the Commonwealths”, The National Geographic Magazine 31(6): 487. (Illustration from page 502.)
# National Geographic Magazine/Volume 31/Number 6/Our State Flowers/The Goldenrod

See also ... Main article • Index to our State flowers • List of illustrations

## Our State Flowers
### The Goldenrod (Solidago nemoralis Ait.)

By legislative action the State flower of Nebraska, in high favor, though not yet adopted, in Missouri and Alabama, and considered with the violet for the honor in New Jersey, the goldenrod disputes with the violet first place in State preferences.
Not only is the goldenrod a member of one of the most widely known and versatile flower families of the world, but its own household is made up of a large number of brothers and sisters. We are told that there are 85 species of goldenrod in the United States. A few of them have crossed the border into Mexico and some have even invaded South America, thus indicating that there is such a doctrine as “manifest destiny” in flower land as well as in international politics. Over in Europe there are people who like our goldenrod so well that they grow them in their gardens, as we ourselves would surely do were it not for their wonderful ability to shift for themselves.
All of these species are grouped as members of the genus Solidago, a name which comes to us from ancient Rome, where they thought the goldenrod a possessor of healing powers strong enough to entitle it to be called the “makes whole” plant. The species range from the stout goldenrod, otherwise Solidago squarrosa, which lives up to its name, and the showy goldenrod, which does likewise, to the sweet-scented goldenrod, from which a delightful drink may be brewed, and the slender goldenrod, otherwise Solidago tennifolia. There is one species which an Irishman must have named, for it is called the white goldenrod. It is just about as logical to speak of a white blackbird, and the botanists get around the inconsistency of its color by calling it Solidago bicolor.
There is also a species for every locality—the “alpine” for the mountains, the “seaside” for the brackish beach, the “bog” for the deep, soft wood, the “swamp” for the waste places.
The goldenrod is one of the merchant princes of the plant world. “Quick sales and short profits” is its motto, and it has arranged its wares so that the insects may find whatever they want and in any quantity. The result is that the field covered with goldenrod is an American entomologist's paradise.
In the days of Queen Elizabeth the goldenrod had a great reputation for healing wounds and was imported in considerable quantities and sold in the London markets in powder form at half a crown a pound. In range the goldenrod covers the continent with its cloth of gold. North, south, east, west, on mountain and by sea, in dry field and in wet swamp, it flourishes in its season and warms every landscape with its rich color.
Source: —, ed. (June 1917), “Our State Flowers: The Floral Emblems Chosen by the Commonwealths”, The National Geographic Magazine 31(6): 496–497. (Illustration from page 511.)
# National Geographic Magazine/Volume 31/Number 6/Our State Flowers/The Indian Paintbrush

See also ... Main article • Index to our State flowers • List of illustrations

## Our State Flowers
### The Indian Paintbrush (Castilleja linariaefolia Benth.)

Some years ago the school children of Wyoming, feeling that their State ought to have a duly chosen queen of the flowers, undertook to elect one. They chose the dainty and universally admired fringed gentian. But while no flower is more beautiful, many people in Wyoming thought there were others more representative and typical of their State. This feeling culminated in legislative action in 1917, with the result that beautiful Queen Gentian had to abandon her throne to the narrow-leaved Indian paintbrush.
The paintbrush belongs to the figwort family, which includes a great host of beauties. Some of its cousins are the mullens, the toadflaxes, the snap-dragons, the turtle-heads, the beard-tongues, the monkey flowers, the speedwells, the foxgloves, and the eye-brights. Closest of kin are the painted cups, an attractive group of posies.
Most of the Castilleja tribe are inclined to be parasitic in their habits. Instead of sending out rootlets themselves in order to absorb the plant food and moisture that Nature provides, some of them send their roots down into those of other plants and feast all summer long. Like the lily, they toil not, neither do they spin; but if Solomon was ever in all his glory arrayed as they are, that fact was overlooked by the historians of his day.
Wyoming's flower, while not possessed of the deep hue characteristic of the Castilleja tribe—declared by one of our leading botanists to be “the brightest spot of red the wild palette can show”—makes up in delicacy what it lacks in intensity. The blossom is light red, with touches of soft yellow and hints of salmon pink.
No traveler in the Rocky Mountains, the High Sierras, or the sagebrush regions of the Great Basin can forget the paintbrushes. Where they dwell among the blue lupines, the yellow mimulus, and other bright blossoms, they perfect a combination of hues that transforms the veriest riot of color into an orderly aggregation of polychromatic beauty.
Source: —, ed. (June 1917), “Our State Flowers: The Floral Emblems Chosen by the Commonwealths”, The National Geographic Magazine 31(6): 500. (Illustration from page 515.)
# National Geographic Magazine/Volume 31/Number 6/Our State Flowers/The Mistletoe

See also ... Main article • Index to our State flowers • List of illustrations

## Our State Flowers
### The Mistletoe (Phoradendron flavescens, Pursh, Nutt)

The mistletoe is the only one of the State flowers so far adopted that is parasitic in its habits. And yet, parasite or no parasite, there is no blossom in the catalogue that has more of romance clinging to it than this, Oklahoma's representative in the galaxy of emblematic flowers.
Mistletoe figured in the superstitious rites of the British Druids and in the Nature myths of the Scandinavians. Balder, son of Odin, husband of Nanna, and the darling of all the gods, was so fair that light streamed from him and the whitest flower that blew was likened to him. Once he had a dream of an impending disaster, which caused his mother to put all things, animate and inanimate, under a vow not to harm him. But she omitted one object—the mistletoe. Loki, his enemy, discovers this omission and induces Balder's brother to shoot at him in play with an arrow of mistletoe. It hits the mark and Balder, god of light, dies, becoming thereafter the emblem of purity and innocence.
The mistletoe was then presented to the goddess of love, and it was ordained that whoever passed beneath it should receive a kiss as a token that it was an emblem of love and not of vengeance. The modern Yuletide custom—perhaps more talked about than observed—of kissing the pretty girl under the mistletoe is a survival of those days.
There are more than 400 species of mistletoe, most of them tropical and most of them parasitic. In the United States there are many varieties and they range far and wide, from the New Jersey coast west and south.
If you ask the Oklahoman about the mistletoe as a parasite, he is likely to answer that if man, tapping the maple for sugar, extracting the sap of the rubber tree for automobile tires, and taking the pine tree's turpentine, is a parasite, then the mistletoe may be called one, too; but that otherwise it deserves to be absolved. It has as much right to get its food from trees, he maintains, as we have to eat beef and mutton or wear woolen clothes or silks and satins.
Of all plants the mistletoe has fewest breathing pores in its leaves—only 200 to the square inch, while the lilac has 200,000. The leaves are almost nerveless, thick, and fleshy. When the seeds put out roots, they always turn toward the branch, no matter whether on the upper or the lower side of it.
Traveling through the South, one may see thousands of trees literally festooned with mistletoe, now growing like witches' brooms, now in graceful array, but always calmly appropriating for its own development the life blood of the tree upon which it feeds.
Source: —, ed. (June 1917), “Our State Flowers: The Floral Emblems Chosen by the Commonwealths”, The National Geographic Magazine 31(6): 499. (Illustration from page 514.)