OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Chimay

See also Chimay on Wikipedia; Chimay in the 11th Edition; and the disclaimer.
CHIMAY, a town of Belgium, in the province of Hainault, on the Eaublanche, or White Water, about 28 miles south of Charleroi. It contains 3000 inhabitants, and has ironworks, marble quarries, breweries, and potteries. In 1470 it was raised to the rank of a countship by Charles the Bold, and in 1486 was erected into a principality in favour of Charles of Croy. Since that date it has passed in 1686 to the counts of Bossu, and in 1804 to the French family of Riquet de Caraman. In 1805 Prince Francis Joseph Philippe married the daughter of the Spanish minister Cabarrus, a woman of great wit and beauty, who had been previously the wife of M. de Fontenay and of Tallien, and had taken an active part in the overthrow of Robespierre. Their son Joseph, born in 1808, is the present possessor of the title, and has held the office of Belgian plenipotentiary.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Chimpanzee

See also Chimpanzee on Wikipedia; Chimpanzee in the 11th Edition; and the disclaimer.
CHIMPANZEE. See Ape, vol. ii. p. 149.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Chimæra

See also Chimera (mythology) on Wikipedia; Chimaera on Wikipedia; Chimaera in the 11th Edition; and the disclaimer.
CHIMÆRA, in Grecian fable, a monster resembling a lion in the fore part, a goat in the middle, and a dragon behind, and having three heads corresponding to the three parts of her body. Each mouth breathed forth fire, and she committed great ravages throughout Caria and Lycia, till she was overthrown by Bellerophon, mounted on the winged horse Pegasus. Some have supposed that the myth owed its origin to the volcanic mountain Chimæra, in Lycia, where works have been found containing representations of the lion. In modern art, the Chimæra is usually represented as a lion, out of the back of which grow the neck and head of a goat. As a general term chimæra signifies any fiction of the imagination made up of incongruous elements, or, generally, any fantastic idea or impracticable scheme of action.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Chin-hae

See also Zhenhai District on Wikipedia; Zhenhai at Wikipedia; Chên-hai in the 11th Edition; and the disclaimer.
CHIN-HAE, or Ching-hai, a district town of China, in the province of Che-keang, at the mouth of the Yung-keang River, 12 miles N.E. of Ningpo, in 29° 58′ N. lat. and 121° 45′ E. long. It lies at the foot of a hill on a tongue of land, and is partly protected from the sea on the N. by a dike about three miles long, composed entirely of large blocks of hewn granite. The walls are 20 feet high and 3 miles in circumference. The defences were formerly of considerable strength, and included a well-built but now dismantled citadel on a precipitous cliff, 250 feet high, at the extremity of the tongue of land on which the town is built. In the neighbourhood an engagement took place between the English and Chinese in 1841.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Chin-keang-foo

See also Zhenjiang on Wikipedia; Zhenjiang at Wikipedia; Chinkiang in the 11th Edition; and the disclaimer.
CHIN-KEANG-FOO, a maritime city of China, in the province of Keang-soo, at the junction of the Grand Canal with the Yang-tsze River, 48 miles E.N.E. of Nanking. It was formerly a prosperous and important city with a population of about half a million, well defended by brick walls, in many places 35 feet high, and regarded as the key of the empire towards the sea. In 1842 it yielded to the British forces after a desperate resistance. Since then, however, it has not only suffered from the aberrations of the river system of China, but it has also been laid waste by the insurgents in 1853. It was recaptured by the imperial forces in 1858, and has begun to recover its position.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Chilon

See also Chilon of Sparta on Wikipedia; Chilon of Sparta on Wikipedia; Chilon in the 11th Edition; and the disclaimer.
CHILON, one of the seven sages of Greece, was a Lacedæmonian by birth His father's name was Damagetos, and he appears to have flourished about the beginning of the 6th century B.C. In 556 B.C. he acted as ephor eponymous, but little more is known of his life. He is said to have died of joy on hearing that his son had gained a prize at the Olympic games. Diogenes Laertius tells us that he composed elegies, but none of these are extant. Many of his apophthegms have been handed down. They show much of the weight and brevity that might be expected in a Spartan, but are not so pointed and severe as those of Bias. According to Chilon the great virtue of man was prudence, or well grounded judgment as to future events. (Diog. Laer., i. §§ 68–73; Mullach, Frag. Phil. Græc., i.).
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Chiltern Hills

See also Chiltern Hills on Wikipedia; Chiltern Hills on Wikipedia; Chiltern Hills in the 11th Edition; and the disclaimer.
CHILTERN HILLS, a range of chalk hills in England, extending through part of Oxford, Buckingham, and Bedford, and attaining their highest elevation of 904 feet in the neighbourhood of Wendover. At one time the Chilterns were thickly covered with a forest of beech, and the western district of Bernwood was only cleared by James I. The depredations of the bandits, who found shelter within their recesses, became at an early period so alarming that a special officer, known as the Steward of the Chiltern Hundreds, was appointed for the protection of the inhabitants of the neighbouring districts. The necessity for such an appointment has disappeared long ago, but the three hundreds of Stoke, Burnham, and Desborough in Buckingham are still distinguished by the old name, and a steward is still nominated by the Chancellor of the Exchequer, with a salary of 20s. and the fees of the office. The sole importance of the sinecure consists in the fact that its acceptance enables a member of the House of Commons to resign his seat, on the plea that he holds a place of honour and profit under the Crown. This appropriation of the post only dates from the middle of the 18th century, and its intrinsic legality has been called in question; but the custom is now completely legitimated by a long line of precedents. An application for the Stewardship of the Chiltern Hundreds was once refused, in 1842.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Chincha Islands

See also Chincha Islands on Wikipedia; Chincha Islands on Wikipedia; Chincha Islands in the 11th Edition; and the disclaimer.
CHINCHA ISLANDS, three small islands in the Pacific Ocean, about 12 miles from the coast of Peru, opposite the town of Pisco, and 106 miles distant from Callao, in 13° 38′ S. lat. and 76° 28′ W. long. The largest of the group, known as the North Island or Isla del Norte is only four-fifths of a mile in length, and about a third in breadth; and their whole importance is due to their immense deposits of guano. They are of granitic formation, and rise from the sea in precipitous cliffs, worn out into countless caves and hollows, which furnish convenient resting-places for the sea-fowl. Their highest points attain an elevation of 113 feet, which was increased about 90 feet by the guano-bed. The name of the islands, and of the town and valley of Chincha on the mainland, is derived from an ancient Indian race which has left some interesting relics of its sojourn. A stone idol and two water-pots of grotesque construction were discovered under 62 feet of guano; and a number of wooden idols, two regal emblems, and a curious stone slab have also been found. That these must be of very great antiquity is obvious; but the rate of increase in the guano deposits is too much a matter of conjecture to furnish even an approximate date. Mr George Peacock, of the Pacific Steam Navigation Company, calculated the quantity of guano in the islands in 1846 at 18,250,000 tons; and, according to the survey of the Peruvian Government in 1853, they then still contained 12,376,100. The supply is now practically exhausted; and the foreign export which had begun in 1841 was brought to a close in 1872. Between 1853 and 1872, 8,000,000 tons were obtained from the North and Middle Islands. The former was still visited by 35 Peruvian vessels in 1873, and furnished 11,634 tons. Its population in 1874 was only 105 persons, and the other islands were quite deserted; whereas in 1868 the total population amounted to 6000, who consisted partly of Peruvians, partly of Chinese coolies, and partly of Peruvian convicts. In 1853–4 the Chincha Islands were the chief object in the contest known as the Guano War between President Echenique and General Castilla; and in 1864 they were taken possession of by the Spanish rear-admiral Pinzon in order to bring the Peruvian Government to apologize for its treatment of the immigrants from Biscay.
# Eleonora

* Eleonora (1841), in The Gift: a Christmas and New Year’s Present for 1842
* Eleonora (1850), in The Works of the Late Edgar Allan Poe
* "Eleonora", illustrated by Arthur Rackham, in Poe's Tales of Mystery and Imagination (1935)
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Elements of the Philosophy of Right

English-language translations of Grundlinien der Philosophie des Rechts include:
* (1896) Hegel's Philosophy of Right by S. W. Dyde
* (1942) Hegel's Philosophy of Right by Thomas Malcolm Knox
* (1991) Elements of the Philosophy of Right by Hugh Barr Nisbet
# Executive Order 12540

more info.
Amends: Executive Order 12496, December 28, 1984
Signed by President Ronald Reagan Monday, December 30, 1985
Federal Register page & date: 51 FR 577, Tuesday, January 7, 1986
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and laws of the United States of America, it is hereby ordered as follows:
Section 1. In accordance with the Supplemental Appropriations Act, 1985 (Public Law 99-88; 99 Stat. 293, 310), Executive Order No. 12496 of December 28, 1984, is amended by replacing Schedule 7 attached thereto with the corresponding new Schedule 7 attached hereto. The rates of pay so established are effective on the first day of the first applicable pay period beginning on or after January 1, 1985.
Sec. 2. In accordance with section 601 of the Department of Defense Authorization Act, 1986 (Public Law 99-145)-
(a) Section 4 of Executive Order No. 12496 is amended to read as follows:
"Sec. 4. Pay and Allowances for Members of the Uniformed Services. Pursuant to the provisions of section 601 of the Department of Defense Authorization Act, 1986, the rates of monthly basic pay (37 U.S.C. 203(a)), the rates of basic allowance for subsistence (37 U.S.C. 402), and the rates of basic allowance for quarters (37 U.S.C. 403(a)) are adjusted as set forth at Schedule 8 attached hereto and made a part hereof, for members of the uniformed services.". (b) Executive Order No. 12496 is further amended by replacing Schedule 8 attached thereto with the corresponding new Schedule 8 attached hereto. The rates of pay and allowances so established are effective on October 1, 1985.
Sec. 3. Section 5 of Executive Order No. 12496 is amended to read as follows:
"Sec. 5. Effective Dates. The adjustments in rates of pay under sections i through 3 of this Order, as set forth at Schedules 1 through 7 attached hereto, are effective on the first day of the first applicable pay period beginning on or after January 1, 1985. The adjustments in rates of monthly basic pay and allowances for subsistence and quarters for members of the uniformed services under section 4 of this Order, as set forth at Schedule 8 attached hereto, are effective on October 1, 1985.".
RONALD REAGAN The White House, December 30, 1985.
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 12:04 p.m., January 6, 1986] Note: The Executive order was released by the Office of the Press Secretary on December 31. The schedules were printed in the Federal Register of January 7, 1986.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Executive Order 12541

more info.
Signed by President Ronald Reagan Monday, December 30, 1985
Federal Register page & date: 51 FR 585, Tuesday, January 7, 1986
By the authority vested in me by Section 403(j)(1) of title 37, United States Code, and in order to define the term "sea duty," it is hereby ordered as follows:
Section 1. Section 401, Part IV, of Executive Order No. 11157 of June 22, 1964, as amended, is further amended:
(a) by adding at the end of subsection (c) of section 401, Part IV, the following sentence:
"Duty for less than three months is not considered to be sea duty. Duty for more than three months under temporary orders which provide for return to the member's same permanent station is not considered sea duty.". (b) by striking all of subsection (f).
Sec. 2. This Executive Order shall be effective as of January 1, 1986.
RONALD REAGAN The White House, December 30, 1985.
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 12:05 p.m., January 6, 1986] Note: The Executive order was released by the Office of the Press Secretary on December 31.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Executive Order 12542

more info.
See the Notes section for a list of Executive Orders affected by or related to the issuance of this Executive Order.
Signed by President Ronald Reagan Monday, December 30, 1985
Federal Register page & date: 51 FR 587, Tuesday, January 7, 1986
Executive Order 12542 of December 30, 1985
President's Blue Ribbon Commission on Defense Management
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and laws of the United States of America, including the Federal Advisory Committee Act, as amended, it is hereby ordered that Section 2(c) of Executive Order No. 12526 is amended by deleting "December 31, 1985" as the date for submission of the Commission's conclusions and recommendations on the procurement section of its study and inserting in lieu thereof "February 28, 1986.".

## Notes
### Amends

* Executive Order 12526, July 15, 1985

### Revoked by

* Executive Order 12610, September 30, 1987
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
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# Executive Order 12539

more info.
See the Notes section for a list of Executive Orders affected by or related to the issuance of this Executive Order.
Signed by President Ronald Reagan Tuesday, December 3, 1985
Federal Register page & date: 50 FR 49829, Thursday, December 5, 1985
Executive Order 12539 of December 3, 1985
President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and laws of the United States of America, including the Federal Advisory Committee Act, as amended (5 U.S.C. App. I), and in order to increase the membership of the President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports, it is hereby ordered that Section 2(b) of Executive Order No. 12345, as amended, is further amended by increasing the number of members of the Council from fifteen to eighteen.

## Notes

Shortcut: WS:USEO

### Amends

* Executive Order 12345, February 2, 1982
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
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# Executive Order 12544

more info.
See the Notes section for a list of Executive Orders affected by or related to the issuance of this Executive Order.
Signed by President Ronald Reagan Wednesday, January 8, 1986
Federal Register page & date: 51 FR 1235, Friday, January 10, 1986
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and laws of the United States, including the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.), the National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.) and section 301 of title 3 of the United States Code, in order to take steps with respect to Libya additional to those set forth in Executive Order No. 12543 of January 7, 1986, to deal with the threat to the national security and foreign policy of the United States referred to in that Order,
I, Ronald Reagan, President of the United States, hereby order blocked all property and interests in property of the Government of Libya, its agencies, instrumentalities and controlled entities and the Central Bank of Libya that are in the United States, that hereafter come within the United States or that are or hereafter come within the possession or control of U.S. persons, including overseas branches of U.S. persons.
The Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the Secretary of State, is authorized to employ all powers granted to me by the International Emergency Economic Powers Act, 50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq., to carry out the provisions of this Order.
This Order is effective immediately and shall be transmitted to the Congress and published in the Federal Register.

## Notes
### See Related

| Proclamation 4907, March 10, 1982; Proclamation 5141, December 22, 1983 Executive Order 12538, November 15, 1985; Executive Order 12543, January 7, 1986; Executive Order 12801, April 15, 1992 | Department of the Treasury regulations, ( 51 FR 2462 ); Notice of December 23, 1986; Notice of December 15, 1987; Notice of December 28, 1988; Notice of January 4, 1990; Notice of January 2, 1991; Notice of December 26, 1991; Notice of December 14, 1992; Notice of December 2, 1993; Notice of December 22, 1994, ( 59 FR 67119 ); Notice of January 3, 1996, ( 61 FR 383 ); Notice of January 2, 1997, ( 62 FR 587 ); Notice of January 2, 1998, ( 63 FR 653 ); Notice of December 30, 1998, ( 64 FR 383 ); Notice of December 29, 1999, ( 65 FR 199 ); Notice of January 4, 2001, ( 66 FR 1251 ); Notice of January 3, 2002, ( 67 FR 637 ); Notice of January 2, 2003, ( 68 FR 661 ); Notice of January 5, 2004, ( 69 FR 847 ) |

### Revoked by

* Executive Order 13357, September 20, 2004
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
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# Executive Order 12545

more info.
Amends: Executive Order 12490, October 12, 1984
Signed by President Ronald Reagan Tuesday, January 14, 1986
Federal Register page & date: 51 FR 2343, Thursday, January 16, 1986
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and statutes of the United States of America, including Section 109 of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 1986 (Public Law 99-170), and in order to extend the time within which the National Commission on Space may submit its plan and recommendations, it is hereby ordered that Section 2(b) of Executive Order No. 12490 is amended by deleting the words "12 months" and inserting in lieu thereof the words "18 months".
RONALD REAGAN The White House, January 14, 1986.
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 10:56 a.m., January 15, 1986]
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Tournefort, Joseph Pitton de

See also Joseph Pitton de Tournefort on Wikipedia; Tournefort, Joseph Pitton de in the 11th Edition; and the disclaimer.
TOURNEFORT, Joseph Pitton de (1656-1708), a botanist of considerable reputation, was born at Aix, in Provence, in 1656. He studied in the convent of the Jesuits at Aix, and was destined for the church, but the death of his father left him free to follow his botanical inclinations. After a couple of years collecting, he studied medicine at Montpellier, but soon returned to his favourite pursuit, and was appointed professor of botany at the Jardin des Plantes in 1683. By the king's order he travelled through western Europe, where he made very extensive collections, and subsequently spent three years in Greece and Asia Minor (1700-1702). Of this journey a description in a series of letters was posthumously published in 3 vols. (Relation d un Voyage du Levant, Lyons, 1717). His principal work is entitled Institutiones Rei Herbarise, (3 vols., Paris, 1700), and upon this rests chiefly his claims to remembrance as one of the most eminent of the systematic botanists who prepared the way for Linnaeus. His exact position among these has been discussed at length by Sachs (Geschichte d. Botanik, Munich, 1875). He died December 28, 1708.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Toung-ngú

See also Taungoo and Taungoo District on Wikipedia; Toungoo in the 11th Edition; and the disclaimer.
TOUNG-NGÚ a district in the extreme north of the Tenasserim division of Burmah, with an area of 6354 square miles, and lying between 17° 37′ and 19° 28′ N. lat., and between 95° 53′ and 96° 53′ E. long. It is bounded on the N. by Upper Burmah, on the E. by a high mountain range known as the "Great Watershed," on the S. by Shwe-gyeng district, and on the W. by the Pegu Yomas. Three mountain ranges traverse the district—the Pegu Yomas, the Poung-loung, and the Nat-toung or "Great Watershed,"—all of which have a north and south direc tion, and are covered for the most part with dense forest. The Pegu Yomas have a general elevation of from 800 to 1200 feet, while the central range averages from 2000 to 3000 feet. The rest of Toung-ngu forms-the upper portion of the valley of the Tsit-toung (Sittang) river, the only large river in the district, the chief tributaries of which are the Tshwa, Khaboung, Hpyu, Thouk-re-gat, and Roukthwa-wa, all being navigable for a great portion of their course. Limestone appears in various places, and in the north-east a light grey marble is quarried for lime. The rivers form the chief means of communication during the rainy season. Of late years some good roads have been constructed, and the Burmah State Railway, when completed, will intersect the district from south to north.
In 1881 the population numbered 128,848 (males 68,484, females 60,364), of whom 93,997 were Buddhists, 17,448 Christians, 2086 Hindus, 1962 Mohammedans, and 12,612 aborigines. The only town in the district is Toung-ngú, on the Tsit-toung river in 18° 55′ 24″ N. lat. and 96° 31′ 4″ E. long., with a population of 17,199 in 1881. Of the total area only 59 square miles are actually under cultivation, owing mainly to the hilly nature of the country. Rice is the chief product; other crops include oil-seeds, sugar cane, cotton, fruit, and vegetables. The principal manufactures are silk, saltpetre, and gunpowder. In 1885-86 the gross value of the district was 15,098, of which the land produced 5880.