OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Bliss, Daniel (jurist)

Edition of 1900.
​BLISS, Daniel, Canadian jurist, b. in Concord, Mass., in 1740; d. in Lincoln, New Brunswick, in 1806. He was graduated at Harvard in 1760, and was one of the barristers and attorneys that were addressers of Gov. Hutchinson in 1774. He was proscribed under the act of 1778, joined the British army, and was appointed commissary. Soon after the revolution he removed to New Brunswick, and became a member of the provincial council, and chief justice of the court of common pleas.—His son, John Murray, jurist, b. in Massachusetts in 1771; d. in St. John, New Brunswick, in August, 1834. He settled in New Brunswick in 1786, studied law, was admitted to the bar, and represented the county of York in the house of assembly. In 1816 he was elevated to the bench and to a seat in his majesty's council. On the decease, in 1824, of Ward Chipman, who was president and commander-in-chief of the colony, Judge Bliss administered the government until the arrival of Sir Howard Douglas, a period of nearly a year. He was a judge of the supreme court, and was the senior justice at the time of his death.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Bliss, Daniel (missionary)

Edition of 1900.
​BLISS, Daniel, missionary, b. in Georgia, Vt., 17 Aug., 1823. He studied at Kingsville, Ohio, academy, and was graduated at Amherst in 1852. He studied from 1852 till 1855 at Andover theological seminary, and was ordained a Congregational clergyman, 17 Oct., 1855. He was missionary of the American board at Mt. Lebanon, Syria, from 1856 till 1862, and subsequently, till 1864, was secretary to the board in New York. During 1864-'6 he labored in England in behalf of the Protestant college at Beyrout, Syria, of which he has been president since 1864. He has published several tracts, and is the author of a “Mental Philosophy” and “Natural Philosophy” in Arabic.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Bloede, Marie

Edition of 1900.
​BLOEDE, Marie, author, b. of a noble family in Silesia, in 1821; d. in Brooklyn, N. Y., 12 March, 1870. Her brother, Friedrich von Sallet, was a poet of merit and an intense liberal in his political views, who died in 1843. His sister shared his poetical gifts and his liberal sympathies. She married early, and in opposition to the wishes of her family, Dr. G. Bloede, and in the revolution of 1848 her husband, foremost in the liberal ranks, was arrested, tried, and condemned to death, at Dresden, but escaped to the United States. Her poems and articles, both in English and German, attracted attention. Her husband, as the editor of the “New-Yorker Demokrat,” a daily republican paper, received assistance from her literary labors.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Blondin, Emile Gravelet

Edition of 1900. One word inserted from the 1891 edition.
​BLONDIN, Emile Gravelet, funambulist, b. in St. Omer, France, 28 Feb., 1824; d. in London, Eng., 22 Feb., 1897. In 1855 he was engaged by William Niblo to perform with the Ravel troupe in New York, and was subsequently part proprietor of a circus. On 30 June, 1859, he accomplished the remarkable exploit of crossing the Niagara river on a tight rope, and afterward crossed with a man on his back, and performed similar feats in other parts of America and Europe. The rope on which he crossed, a short distance below the falls, at a height of 150 feet from the water, was 1,300 feet long and 3¼ inches in diameter.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Blenker, Louis

BLENKER, Louis, soldier, b. in Worms, Hesse Darmstadt, Germany, 31 July, 1812 ; d. in Rockland co., N. Y., 31 Oct., 1863. In his youth he was apprenticed to a jeweller, but on becoming of age he enlisted in the Bavarian legion that was raised to accompany Prince Otho, then recently elected king, to Greece. When the legion was disbanded in 1837, he received the rank of lieutenant. He then returned home and began the study of medicine in the University of Munich, but soon gave this up to engage in the wine business in Worms. In 1849 he was a leading member of the revolutionary government in that city, and also burgomaster and commander of the national guard. He fought in several successful engagements with the Prussians; but the revolutionists being soon completely crushed, he retired into Switzerland. In September, 1849, having been ordered to leave that country, he came to the United States and settled in Rockland co., N. Y., where he undertook to cultivate a farm. Later he engaged in business in New York, and so continued until the beginning of the civil war, when he organized the 8th regiment of New York volunteers, of which he was commissioned colonel, 31 May, 1861. After some time spent in Washington his regiment was incorporated with others into a brigade attached to Col. Miles's 5th division in Gen. McDowell's army. During the first battle of Bull Run this division acted as a reserve, and covered the retreat with great steadiness, recovering two Union colors left on the field of battle by retreating soldiers. For his services at that time he was commissioned brigadier-general of the volunteers 9 Aug., 1861. He remained with the Army of the Potomac until the beginning of the peninsular campaign, when. he was ordered to western Virginia. He took an active part in the battle of Cedar Keys, 8 June, 1862; but after the arrival of Gen. Frémont he was succeeded by Gen. Sigel. Gen. Blenker was then ordered to Washington, and on 31 March 1863, was mustered out of service. He returned to his farm in Rockland co., where he remained until his death, which resulted from internal injuries received from a fall of his horse in entering the town of Warrenton, Va.. while with his command.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Folsom, Nathaniel Smith

Edition of 1900.
​FOLSOM, Nathaniel Smith, clergyman, b. in Portsmouth, N. H., 12 March, 1806. He was graduated at Dartmouth in 1828 and at Andover theological seminary in 1831, and ordained on 26 Sept. of that year. After acting as a missionary in Liberty county, Ga., in 1831-'2, he was pastor of a Presbyterian church in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1832-'3, professor in Lane theological seminary in 1833, and held the chair of biblical literature in Western Reserve college in 1833-'6. He held Congregational pastorates at Francestown, N. H., in 1836-'8, and Providence, R. I., in 1838-'40, was pastor of a Unitarian church at Haverhill, Mass., in 1840-'6, and edited the “Christian Register” in Charlestown, Mass., in 1846-'8. He was professor of biblical literature in Meadville, Pa., theological seminary in 1848-'61, and in 1862 was a teacher in Concord, Mass., also acting as pastor of a church there in 1867-'8. In 1875 he removed to Boston. Dr. Folsom has contributed to current literature, and has published “Critical and Historical Interpretation of the Prophecies of Daniel” (Boston, 1842).—His son, Charles Follen, physician, b. in Haverhill, Mass., 3 April, 1842, was graduated at Harvard in 1862. He taught among the freedmen in the south from 1862 till 1865, when he returned to Massachusetts, studied medicine, and, after his graduation at Harvard medical school in 1870, began general practice in Boston. In 1873-'5 he attended lectures in Vienna, Berlin, and Munich. He was lecturer on hygiene in Harvard in 1877-'85, and lecturer and assistant professor of mental diseases from 1879 till 1882. He has been secretary of the Massachusetts board of health, and of the state board of health, lunacy, and charity, and has been a member of the national board since 1882. Dr. Folsom is visiting physician to various hospitals and asylums, and is a member of the State medical society, and of numerous medical societies. His writings have been chiefly confined to health reports and articles on hygiene and mental diseases. Several of his lectures have been reprinted, one of them, on “Mental Diseases,” for the use of students in the Harvard medical school. This was first published in Pepper's “American System of Medicine.” He has written papers on “Limited Responsibility,” “General Paralysis,” and “Insanity in England and America”; “Letters from Europe,” which appeared in the Boston “Medical and Surgical Journal,” and has published in book form “The Present Aspect of the Sewage Question as Applied to Boston” (Boston, 1877).
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Folwell, William Watts

Edition of 1900.
​FOLWELL, William Watts, educator, b. in Romulus, Seneca co., N. Y., 14 Feb., 1833. He was graduated at Hobart in 1857, and in 1859 became adjunct professor of mathematics there. He spent the years 1860-'1 in the study of philology at Berlin and in travel, and during the civil war served in the 50th N. Y. engineers, reaching the rank of major. He then engaged in business, but in 1869 accepted the chair of mathematics in Kenyon college, Ohio, and in the same year was appointed to the presidency of the University of Minnesota, after resigning which he remained professor of political science and librarian. He has published “Public Instruction in Minnesota” (1875), and “Lectures on Political Economy.”
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Foraker, Joseph Benson

Edition of 1900.
FORAKER, Joseph Benson, governor of Ohio, b. near Rainsborough, Highland co., Ohio, 5 July, 1846. He worked on a farm in his boyhood, and when sixteen years of age enlisted in the 89th Ohio regiment, and served in the army of the Cumberland until the close of the war. He was made a sergeant on 26 Aug., 1862, 1st lieutenant, 14 March, 1864, and on 19 March, 1865, was brevetted captain “for efficient services during the campaigns in North Carolina and Georgia.” When his regiment was mustered out he was aide-de-camp on Gen. Henry W. Slocum's staff. After the war he spent two years at Wesleyan university, Delaware, Ohio, and then entered Cornell, where he was graduated with the first class in 1869. He was admitted to the bar in the same year, and in 1879-'82 was judge of the Cincinnati superior court, resigning the office on account of his health. He was Republican candidate for the governership of Ohio in 1885, and re-elected in 1887. He was elected to the U.S. senate in 1896 for six years.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Foltz, Clara Shortridge

Edition of 1900.
​FOLTZ, Clara Shortridge, lawyer, b. in Henry county, Ind., 10 July, 1849. She removed to Mount Pleasant, Iowa, with her father, Rev. Elias W. Shortridge, and was educated chiefly at Howe seminary in that town. She taught in 1863 in Mercer county, Ill., and in December, 1864, married. She went with her husband to Oregon in 1872, and soon afterward to San José, Cal., contributing to the “New Northwest” and the San José “Mercury.” About 1876 she was thrown on her own resources, and, though having the care of four children, she determined to study law, aiding herself by lecturing. She went before the legislature of 1877-'8, secured the passage of an act permitting women to practise law, and was the first to take advantage of it, being admitted to the bar on 5 Sept., 1878, after passing creditably a strict examination. In 1880 she was clerk of the assembly judiciary committee, and in the same year removed to San Francisco, where she spoke for the Republicans during the canvasses of 1880, 1882, and 1884. In 1886 she became a Democrat, and in the winter of that year lectured in Wisconsin, Illinois, and Iowa. She has been successful at the bar, and is an effective public speaker.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Foltz, Jonathan Messersmith

Edition of 1900.
​FOLTZ, Jonathan Messersmith, surgeon, b. in Lancaster, Pa., 25 April, 1810; d. in Philadelphia, Pa., 12 April, 1877. He entered the U. S. navy as assistant surgeon, 4 April, 1831, and landed with the storming party at Qualah Battoo, Sumatra, being specially commended in Capt. Shubrick's official dispatch. He was made surgeon, 8 Dec., 1838, and was attached to the frigate “Raritan,” of the Brazil squadron, in 1844-'7, and to the “Jamestown,” of the same squadron, in 1851-'4. He was fleet-surgeon of the Western Gulf squadron in 1862-'3, and was with Farragut on the “Hartford” in all his battles during those years. He occupied the same place on the “Franklin” during Farragut's voyage to Europe in 1867-'8, and in 1870-'1 was president of the naval medical board. He became medical director on 3 March, 1871, and chief of the bureau of medicine and surgery, with the rank of commodore, on 25 Oct. of that year. He was placed on the retired list, 25 April, 1872. Dr. Foltz published “Endemic Influence of an Evil Government” (New York, 1843).
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Ford, Seabury

Edition of 1900.
​FORD, Seabury, governor of Ohio, b. in Cheshire, Conn., 15 Oct., 1801; d. in Burton, Ohio, 8 May, 1855. He removed to Burton when a boy, after his graduation at Yale in 1825 practised law in that town. He was in the Ohio legislature most of the time from 1830 till 1847, was presiding officer, at different times, of both of it branches, and was also at one time major-general of militia. He was elected governor of the state in 1848, and served in 1849-'50. Immediately after the expiration of his term he had a paralytic shock, from the effects of which he died. He was an ardent friend of Henry Clay, and was instrumental in carrying the state of Ohio for him in 1844.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Ford, Edward Lloyd

Edition of 1900.
​FORD, Edward Lloyd, publisher, b. in Oswestry, Shropshire, England, 10 March, 1845; d. in Morristown, N. J., 16 Dec., 1880. He came to New York in early youth, and studied for a few years under Prof. J. H. Patton. He enlisted in the 99th regiment of Pennsylvania volunteers in 1861, and within a year was promoted to a lieutenancy, and detailed on Gen. Meade's staff. He was taken prisoner at Chancellorsville, 2 May, 1863, and sent to Libby prison, Richmond, but was exchanged early in the September following, and returned to his post of duty. In 1863 he was discharged from the volunteer service, promoted to a captaincy on the staff of Gen. Birney, and served in the 10th army corps. Broken health forced him to leave the army in December, 1864. In 1867 he became a partner in the newly established publishing-house of J. B. Ford & Co., and, by his business ability and fertility of invention, contributed largely to the success of the “Christian Union.” He had a genius for mechanics, and made many improvements in printing, notably in devices for the rapid delivery of sheets from a printing-machine. He invented and patented folding combinations, folding and pasting apparatus, and devices for printing two sheets simultaneously, and for folding and pasting one within the other.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Foresti, Eleutario Felice

Edition of 1900.
​FORESTI, Eleutario Felice, Italian patriot, b. in Conselice, near Ferrara, Italy, in 1793; d. in Genoa, Italy, 14 Sept., 1858. He was graduated at the University of Bologna, studied law, and ​entered on the practice of his profession in Ferrara. In 1816 he was made praetor of Crespino, and soon entered prominently into political affairs. In 1816 he became a member of the Carbonari, and was arrested and imprisoned. After two years in a dungeon, and an unsuccessful attempt to take his own life, he was condemned to die on the public square of Venice, but when, with others, he was taken out for execution, the sentence was changed to “carcere duro” in Spielberg for twenty years. From the scaffold he and his companions' were transferred to the island of St. Michael. On the death of the reigning emperor, Foresti and others were liberated, but condemned to perpetual exile in the United States, whither they were shortly sent. Soon after his arrival in New York, Foresti became professor of Italian in Columbia, and was a popular teacher for more than twenty years. In 1858 he received the appointment of U. S. consul at Genoa. The degree of LL. D. was conferred on him. He wrote “Twenty Years in the Dungeons of Austria,” for the “Watchman and Crusader” in 1856, and also published “Chrestomazia Italiana” (1846) and edited an edition of Ollendorff's Italian grammar (New York, 1846).
# An emigrant's home letters/Letter Twenty-Nine

Layout 2
LETTER TWENTY-NINE.
Sydney, 27th March, 1842.
My Dear Sister,
We are quite unhappy in not hearing from you more frequently. It is now more than nine months since the date of your last letter (June 6th, 1841). Intelligence has reached the colony of the safe arrival of four vessels, by which I sent home letters, subsequent to those you name as having received; and yet I get no answers. I hope, however, the cause of my anxiety is nothing worse than the tardiness of the conveyance by which we are doomed to receive your favours. In your last you stated that father and other members of the family had been suffering from illness. I trust all are now perfectly restored to health. We in Sydney are quite well, except ​little Clarinda, who has a slight cold. I have nothing of particular interest to communicate. Sydney is still in a bad state. In the papers I send you with this you will see some particulars of an action in the Supreme Court for libel, in which Aaron, surgeon, late of Deritend, was plaintiff. In the Australasian Chronicle for March 17th there is an article headed 'Obscure Poets' and signed 'Faulconbridge,' which is from the pen of your humble servant. Mr. J. D. Badham, who, you will recollect, was a passenger to Sydney in the Strathfieldsaye, will be the bearer of this. He sails in a few days for Liverpool in the ship Renown, part of which vessel he himself owns. Give our love to father and mother and all our friends, and for the present farewell.
Yours affectionately, H. PARKES.
# An emigrant's home letters/Letter Twenty-Seven

Layout 2
LETTER TWENTY-SEVEN.
Sydney, September 15th, 1841.
My Dear Sister,
You will perceive by a newspaper of to-day's date, which I shall post with this, that hundreds of emigrants are at the present time starving in the streets of Sydney, so great has been the over-supply of labour here since my last. Of this deplorable fact I could send you other and stronger proof had I leisure to do so, but I write this away from home, not deeming it right to delay a moment in letting you know. A week ago there were eight vessels riding at anchor in the harbour, all crowded with emigrants! And though many of them have now been engaged to go into the interior, I am afraid great numbers will not be able to obtain employment. By the ​emigration regulations they are only allowed to remain on board their respective vessels ten days after their arrival in Port Jackson, and at the expiration of that time they are invariably turned adrift to provide for themselves in the way they best can. If they cannot get employment, and have no money, of course they must starve! I saw a case in the newspapers last week of a young woman who was turned out of one of these emigrant ships when the ten days were up, and was found by a policeman sitting on the Queen's Wharf, and taken to the watchhouse. The next morning she was brought before the magistrate, charged with being drunk; and though she stated that it was faintness, and that she was meditating suicide when the policeman came to her, yet she was sentenced, on the oath of the policeman, to sit one hour in the stocks! What encouragement for persons to come to Australia!
I must now conclude, hoping that you are all in the enjoyment of health. Our little Clara is getting quite well again. Clarinda and myself are quite well. The merchants of Sydney are all in a state of bankruptcy.
Yours affectionately, H. PARKES.
# An emigrant's home letters/Letter Thirty-Two

Layout 2
LETTER THIRTY-TWO.
[Note by A.T.P.—The first portion of this letter is missing.]
… I think of them as the rural beauties of a country which my children will call foreign. Yes! henceforth the country of my children' shall be mine. Australia has afforded me a better home than my motherland, and I will love her with a patriot's love. With regard to my own individual prospects I am full of hope. I have had my troubles, as the old ladies say. When you think of my landing on the soil of this country with a wife and child, the one only three days old and the other in the delicate state of health of a mother at that time, and with only a few pence and without a home, you will think I must have had some difficulties to contend with since my arrival in Australia. And I have had my share of them in good earnest, and not the least of them I am grappling with at this ​moment. But still I am full of hope. I believe my circumstances will improve, and that speedily. I see my way now quite clearly which shall lead me to respectability if not competence. I will write again in about three months, and, though it is useless for me to write to you oftener, I should like to hear from you more frequently. Our little girl, who is now four years old, has enjoyed the best of health for this last two years and a half. She is now playing with the cat on the floor of a little sitting room, the door of which opens a few yards from the sea. Her dear mother is lying down—it is Sunday afternoon. In general Clarinda's health has been pretty good, and mine, since my arrival in this country, has been only interrupted by a short sickness about the date of my first letter to you in 1840. I have made inquiries after the son of Mrs. Weston. The officer of Customs who was boarded on the Joseph Cunard tells me that he saw him last June. He then looked well and was respectably dressed. He thinks he was in some draper's shop, but I have not been able to ascertain where he is at the present time. If his friends think proper to address a letter to him in care of me, it is more than probable that in the meantime I shall be enabled to find out ​where he is. I must now bid you farewell. This letter will be enclosed in a small parcel—the same old box again—and sent in the care of Henry Smith, an apprentice on the barque Standering. The trifles inside, with the exception of five copies of 'Stolen Moments,' are for yourself. Clarinda will send a few similar presents by the first opportunity to her father. Give our united love to all the Varneys whenever you see them, and let them know the contents of this letter as far as it relates to my prospects.
I remain, my very dear sister, Yours most affectionately, HENRY PARKES.
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume VI/Arnobius/Adversus Gentes/Book I/Chapter XV

15. Sometimes, however, there were seasons of scarcity; yet they were relieved by times of plenty. Again, certain wars were carried on contrary to our wishes. But they were afterwards compensated by victories and successes. What shall we say, then?—that the gods at one time bore in mind our acts of wrong-doing, at another time again forgot them? If, when there is a famine, the gods are said to be enraged at us, it follows that in time of plenty they are not wroth, and ill-to-be-appeased; and so the matter comes to this, that they both lay aside and resume anger with sportive whim, and always renew their wrath afresh by the recollection of the causes of offence.

## Footnotes

* ↑ That is, unsuccessfully.