OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Gallagher, James

​GALLAGHER, JAMES (d. 1751), bishop, was a member of the Ulster sept of O'Galchobhair, anglicised Gallagher. He entered the priesthood of the Roman catholic church, and was, at Drogheda, in November 1725 consecrated bishop of Raphoe, Donegal. In 1735 he published at Dublin seventeen ‘Irish Sermons, in an easy and familiar style, on useful and necessary subjects, in English characters, as being the more familiar to the generality of our Irish clergy.’ In his preface the author mentioned that he had composed those discourses principally for the use of his fellow-labourers, to be preached to their respective flocks, as his repeated troubles debarred him ‘of the comfort of delivering them in person.’ He added: ‘I have made them in an easy and familiar style, and of purpose omitted cramp expressions which be obscure to both the preacher and hearer. Nay, instead of such, I have sometimes made use of words borrowed from the English which practice and daily conversation have intermixed with our language.’ By propaganda in May 1737 Gallagher was translated from the bishopric of Raphoe to that of Kildare, and in the same year he was appointed administrator of the diocese of Leighlin. In ​April 1741 Gallagher, then at Paris, gave a certificate in commendation of a treatise, in Irish and English, on the Christian doctrine, composed by Andrew Donlevy, D.D., director of an Irish community in that city. This work, with Gallagher's certificate prefixed, was printed in the following year at Paris by James Guerin. Gallagher succeeded in evading the penal laws against Roman catholic ecclesiastics, and died in May 1751. Several editions of his sermons were published, the latest of which was that issued at Dublin in 1877, with an English translation.
J. T. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Gallini, Giovanni Andrea Battista

​GALLINI, GIOVANNI ANDREA BATTISTA, called Sir John (1728–1805), dancing-master, born at Florence on 7 Jan. 1728, emigrated to England in an almost destitute condition about 1753, in which year he made his debut at the Opera House, Haymarket, as a ballet-dancer, and achieved a remarkable and rapid success, so that the next season he was appointed principal dancer, and soon afterwards director of the dances, and finally stage-manager of that theatre. He also acquired great vogue as a dancing-master, and in that capacity was admitted into the house of the third Earl of Abingdon, where he won the heart of the earl's eldest daughter, Lady Elizabeth Peregrine Bertie, whom he married, though when or where remains uncertain. She had, however, assumed the name of Gallini in 1766, when (13 Oct.) she gave birth to two sons (Gent. Mag. 1766, p. 494). She lived for some years with Gallini on terms of affection, but they afterwards agreed to live separate. She died on 17 Aug. 1804. During a tour in Italy Gallini so delighted the pope by his dancing that he was honoured with the knighthood of the Golden Spur, on the strength of which, though it conferred no right to the prefix, Gallini, on his return to England, assumed and was popularly conceded to have the title of Sir. By a fire which, on the night of 27 June 1789, destroyed the London Opera House, Gallini lost 400,000l. He is said to have advanced 300,000l. towards the rebuilding of it in the Italian style. Soon after the completion of the edifice he retired from the management, and the remainder of his life he spent in teaching dancing. He built the Hanover Square concert rooms, in part of which he resided until his death, which occurred suddenly in the morning of 5 Jan. 1805. Through his wife he acquired the manors of Hampstead Norris and Yattendon in Berkshire. There is a mural tablet in Yattendon church to his memory and that of his wife.
Gallini published: 1. 'A Treatise on the Art of Dancing,' London, 1762, 1765, 1772, 2 vols. 8vo (largely borrowed, with scant acknowledgment, from Louis de Cahusac's 'La Danse Ancienne et Moderne,' 3 tom., The Hague, 1754, 12mo). 2. 'Critical Observations on the Art of Dancing; to which is added a Collection of Cotillons, or French Dances,' London, 1770? 8vo.
J. M. R.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Galloway, Archibald

​GALLOWAY, Sir ARCHIBALD (1780?–1850), major-general and Indian writer, was the son of James Galloway of Perth. He obtained a cadetship in 1799, and on 29 Oct. 1800 was appointed ensign in the 14th Bengal native infantry. He afterwards served in the 29th, 10th, and 2nd Bengal native infantry regiments, and was gazetted colonel of the 58th Bengal native infantry on 22 Sept. 1836. Galloway took part in the defence of Delhi, and distinguished himself greatly by his gallantry at the siege of Bhurtpore. He was appointed by Lord William Bentinck a member of the military board, and was nominated a companion of the Bath on 20 July 1838 (London Gazette, 1838, ii. 1661). On 24 Sept. 1840 he was elected a director of the East India Company, and on 23 Nov. 1841 received the rank of major-general. He was created a K.C.B. on 25 Aug. 1848 (ib. 1848, iii. 3157), and in the following year became chairman of the East India Company. He died in Upper Harley Street on 6 April 1850, aged 70. Galloway was thanked for his many and varied services to ​the Indian government by 'commanders-in-chief in India on nine different occasions, and by the supreme government of India, or the court of directors, and superior authorities in England on upwards of thirty occasions' (Gent. Mag. new ser. xxxiii. 660). By his wife, whose maiden name was Adelaide Campbell, and to whom he was married on 28 Nov. 1815, he left three sons and six daughters. An engraved portrait of Galloway was published by Dickinson of New Bond Street in August 1850. He was the author of the following works : 1. 'A Commentary on the Moohummuddan Law.' 2. 'Notes on the Siege of Delhi in 1804, with Observations on the position of the Indian Government under the Marquess of Wellesley,' 8vo. 3. 'On Sieges of India.' This work is said to have been reprinted, on the recommendation of General Mudge, by the court of directors, and used at their military college, and to have been distributed to the army for general instruction by the orders of the Marquis of Hastings (ib. p. 661). 4. 'Treatise on the Manufacture of Gunpowder.' 5. 'Observations on the Law and Constitution and present Government of India,' &c., second edition, with additions, London, 1832, 8vo.
G. F. R. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Galloway, Earl of

​GALLOWAY, Earl of. [See Stewart.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Gallan (d.624)

​GALLAN, Saint (d. 624). [See Grellan.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Gedge, Sydney

​GEDGE, SYDNEY (1802–1883), divine, the youngest son of Peter Gedge of Bury St. Edmunds in Suffolk, was born in 1802. He was educated at Bury St. Edmunds grammar school, whence he proceeded to St. Catharine's College, Cambridge. He graduated B.A. in 1824, coming out fourteenth wrangler, and in the first class in classics. In the following year he was elected a fellow of his college. For a short time he read in chambers at Lincoln's Inn, but threw up his intention of being called to the bar, and received holy orders. For some years he was curate of North Runcton in Norfolk. In 1835 he was appointed second master of King Edward's School, Birmingham, where he remained until 1859. He was an enthusiastic supporter of the Church Missionary Society, and held the post of honorary secretary in Birmingham during the whole time he was there. In 1859 he was presented by Lord Overstone to the vicarage of All Saints, Northampton, which he held, with the rural deanery, until his retirement from active parochial work in 1875. Thenceforward he chiefly occupied himself in advancing the cause of Christian missions, by speaking and preaching for the Church Missionary Society. His acute reasoning power and independence in action won him much influence in Birmingham and Northampton. His readiness, especially in later years, to believe in the purity of motive of those from whom he differed in opinion procured for him the warm regard of all with whom he came in contact. In politics he was a liberal. He died in August 1883 after a few days' illness, having enjoyed to the last full vigour of body and mind. Four of his sermons were published separately.
S. F. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Geddes, Jenny

1904 Errata appended.
​GEDDES, JENNY (fl. 1637?), is popularly supposed to have been the name of the woman who inaugurated the riot in St. Giles's Church, Edinburgh, when an attempt was made to read Laud's service-book on Sunday, 23 July 1637, by flinging a stool at the head of David Lindsay, bishop of Edinburgh. In ‘A New Litany’ (c. 1640), a contemporary ballad on Scottish affairs, reference is made to ‘Gutter Jennie’ as a leader of the affray (cf. Scotish Pasquils, 1868, p. 57). A herb-woman, also of the same names, gave her stall to be burnt in a bonfire at the coronation rejoicings at Edinburgh, 23 July 1661 (Edinburgh's Joy for his Majesty's Coronation in England, p. 6). Nearly thirty years later a pamphleteer attributes the throwing of the first stool to an old ‘herb-woman,’ but does not give her name (Notes upon the Phœnix edition of the Pastoral Letter; Works of the Rev. Samuel Johnson, p. 320). Edward Phillipps, in his continuation of Sir Richard Baker's ‘Chronicle’ (1670), writes, ‘Jane or Janot Gaddis (yet living at the writing of this relation) flung a little folding stool.’ Kirkton, writing in 1679, says the woman's name was not known. Wodrow, on the authority of Robert Stewart, a son of the lord advocate of the revolution, asserts that it was ‘Mrs. Mean, wife to John Mean, merchant in Edinburgh, who cast the first stool’ (Analecta, Maitland Club, i. 64). Kincaid, in his ‘History of Scotland,’ 1787, says the woman's name was Hamilton, and she was ‘grandmother to Robert Mein, late Dean of Guild Officer in Edinburgh.’ The conflict among the early writers on the topic leaves the woman's name a very open question. The name ‘Jenny Geddes’ is said to have been applied indiscriminately at a later date to any woman who made herself conspicuous in times of public excitement at Edinburgh. A stool in the Edinburgh Antiquarian Museum, said to be the stool thrown in the cathedral, is of doubtful authenticity.
G. G.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.134 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 102 | ii | 23 | Geddes, Jenny: for (1660) read (1670) |
| | | 25 | after folding stool.' insert Kirkton, writing in 1679, says the woman's name was not known. |
| | | 34 | after Edinburgh.' insert The conflict among early writers on the topic leaves the woman's name a very open question. |
| | | 36-37 | for Although the name . . . . afterwards applied read The name Jenny Geddes is said to have been applied at a later date |
| | | 38 | for likely to make read who made |
| | | 40-41 | for there seems no reason to doubt . . . . in 1637. read (cf. articles by Mr. John M. Robertson in Scottish Leader, Nov. 1889 and 17 Feb. 1890). |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Geddes, John

​GEDDES, JOHN (1735–1799), Scottish catholic prelate, elder brother of Alexander Geddes [q. v.], born at the Mains of Curridoun, in the Enzie of Banffshire, on 9 Sept. 1735, entered the Scots College at Rome in 1750, and after being ordained priest in 1759 returned to the mission in Scotland. He was superior of the seminary at Scalan from 1762 till 1767, when he was appointed to the mission of Preshome in succession to Bishop Hay. In 1770 he was sent to take charge of the college which Colonel Semple had founded in Madrid in 1627, and which had been under ​the jesuits until they were expelled from Spain. He procured the restitution of the effects of that college in favour of the secular clergy, and its removal to Valladolid, where he continued to superintend it for ten years. In 1779 he was appointed coadjutor to Bishop Hay, vicar-apostolic of the Lowland district of Scotland, and was consecrated bishop of Morocco in partibus on 30 Nov. 1780 at Madrid. He resided for the most part at Edinburgh, making occasional excursions through the country. He resigned the coadjutorship on account of paralytic attacks in 1797, and died at Aberdeen on 11 Feb. 1799.
He published: 1. ‘A Treatise against Duelling.’ 2. ‘Life of St. Margaret, Queen of Scotland.’ His collection of materials for a history of the catholic religion in Scotland, arranged as annals to A.D. 1795, is preserved among the manuscripts in the library of the catholic bishop of Edinburgh (Hist. MSS. Comm. 1st Rep. 121).
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Geddes, William

​GEDDES, WILLIAM (1600?–1694), Scottish presbyterian divine and author, was a native of Moray, and graduated at the university and King's College, Aberdeen, in 1650. On 13 Nov. of the same year he became schoolmaster of Keith; was governor to Hugh Rose of Kilravock in 1652; and gave 20l. to the new buildings of King's College, Aberdeen, in 1658. He was admitted presbyterian minister of Wick about April 1664, was transferred to the parish of Urquhart, Elginshire, in 1677, resigned on refusal to take the test of 1682, returned to Wick, where he was readmitted minister in 1692, and died in 1694, aged about 94. Geddes published a volume of pious verse entitled ‘The Saint's Recreation; (third part) upon the Estate of Grace,’ Edinburgh, 1683, 4to, dedicated to Anna, duchess of Hamilton, and Margaret Lesley, countess-dowager of Weems, i.e. Wemyss, with prefatory verse by many hands. The imprimatur at the beginning of the volume (18 March 1683) states that Geddes had received permission from the privy council to print ‘Memoriale Historicum, or An Historical Memorial concerning the most remarkable occurrences and periods of Scripture; the Universal Histories of the Four Monarchs: the Scottish, English, French, and Turkish Histories;’ as well as ‘three other books which he intends for the press, viz. “Geographical and Arithmetical Memorials,” “Memoriale Hebraicum for facilitating the Hebrew Language,” “Vocabularium Latino-Hebraicum in Hexameter Verse,” and “Familiæ Famigeratæ.”’ In an ‘Apology for the Author's delay,’ which follows the imprimatur, Geddes acknowledges having received ‘the price’ of the books, and excuses himself for not having issued them. Hew Scott mentions the ‘Memoriale Historicum,’ which Geddes promises in his ‘Apology’ at an early date, as a published work. But no copy seems known. None of Geddes's other literary projects were carried out. George Park edited at Glasgow in 1753 a second edition of ‘The Saint's Recreation,’ adding ‘fifteen select poems on divine subjects from other approven authors.’
S. L. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Geddes, James

​GEDDES, JAMES (d. 1748?), author, was born in the county of Tweeddale. He was educated at home and at the university of Edinburgh, where he distinguished himself in mathematics. He afterwards practised with success as an advocate, but died of consumption in or before 1748. In that year was published at Glasgow his ‘Essay on the Composition and Manner of Writing of the Antients, particularly Plato.’ A German translation appeared in vols. iii. and iv. of ‘Sammlung vermischter Schriften zur Beförderung der schönen Wissenschaften,’ 1759, &c.
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Colvile, James William

​COLVILE, Sir JAMES WILLIAM (1810–1880), judge, eldest son of Andrew Wedderburn Colville of Ochiltree and Crombie in Fifeshire by his wife, the Hon. Louisa Mary Eden, daughter of William, first lord Auckland, was born in 1810, and was educated at Eton and at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he obtained the third place in the second class in mathematical honours, and graduated B.A. in 1831 and M.A. in 1834. He was an intimate friend at Cambridge of Monckton Milnes, afterwards Lord Houghton. In Hilary term 1835 he was called to the bar at the Inner Temple, and practised in Lincoln's Inn as an equity draughtsman. In 1845 the influence of his friend Lord Lyveden, then president of the board of control, procured him the appointment of advocate-general in Calcutta to the East India Company. In 1848 he became a puisne judge, and in 1855 the chief justice of the supreme court of Bengal. He was knighted in 1848, and in 1859 retired and returned to England. He acquired in India a great knowledge of Indian systems of law, and of scientific and economic questions affecting India, and was president of the Asiatic Society of Calcutta. On his return home he was at once on account of these special attainments sworn of the privy council, and acted with Sir Laurence Peel as Indian assessor to the judicial committee. In November 1865 he was appointed a member of that committee, and took a large share in its decisions, and in 1871, under the Judicial Committee Act, was appointed one of the four paid judges. He continued to act in that capacity until on 6 Dec. 1880 he died suddenly at his town house, 8 Rutland Gate, and was buried on the 11th at his Scotch seat, Craigflower, near Dunfermline in Fifeshire, of which county he was a justice of the peace and deputy-lieutenant. He was a bencher of the Inner Temple, and a fellow of the Royal Society. He married in 1857 Frances Elinor, daughter of Sir John Peter Grant, K.C.B., G.C.M.G., of Rothiemurchus, lieutenant-governor of Lower Bengal, by whom he had one son, Andrew John Wedderburn, born in 1859, who died in 1876.
[Times, 8 Dec. 1880; Law Times, 11 Dec. 1880.]
J. A. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Colville, Alexander (1530?-1597)

​COLVILLE, ALEXANDER (1530?–1597), Scotch judge, was the second son of Sir James Colville of Easter Wemyss, by his wife Janet, second daughter of Sir Robert Douglas of Lochleven, sister of William Smith, earl of Morton. On 4 Feb. 1566-7 he obtained a charter of the abbey of Culross, and by an act of the secret council, 20 Jan. 1574, it was decreed that 100 marks only should be paid by him for the thirds of this benefice. After the death of Darnley he had supported the party who opposed Queen Mary, and during the regency of Morton he was, some time before 26 Oct. 1575, appointed one of the judges of the court of session. He was a member of the commission appointed by parliament on 15 July 1578 to 'visit, sycht, and consider the laws,' and about the same time he was appointed one of the arbitrators in the deadly feud between the families of Gordon and Forbes. On 11 Nov. of the following year he was named a privy councillor, and appointed a lord of the articles and a commissioner for settling the jurisdiction of the church. He was present at Holyrood House on 19 Oct. 1582, when King James was forced to emit a declaration regarding the raid of Ruthven. After the return of Hamilton and other banished lords in 1585, he was again named a privy councillor. In May 1587, on account of illness, he resigned his seat on the bench in favour of his nephew John Colville, chanter of Glasgow, who was appointed on 1 June, but he was reappointed on the 21st of the same month. In 1592 he was made a commissioner for the reform of the hospitals. He died in April or May 1597. He collected the decisions of the court of session from 1570 to 1584. By his wife Nicolas, daughter of Alexander Dundas of Fingask, he had, with two daughters, two sons: John of Wester Cumbrae, who in 1640 became by right third Lord Colville of Culross, but did not assume the title; and Alexander, justice depute and professor of divinity in the university of St. Andrews.
[Lord Hailes's Catalogue of the Lords of Session; Haig and Brunton's Senators of the College of Justice, 160–2; Douglas's Scottish Peerage (Wood), i. 354.]
T. F. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Colvile, George

​COLVILE or COLDEWEL, GEORGE (fl. 1556), translator, a student of Oxford (Wood; his name does not appear in Boase, Register of the University), translated 'Boethius de Consolatione Philosophiæ' with the title 'Boetius de Consolationse [sic] Philosophiæ. The boke of Boecius, called the comforte of philosophye or wysedome ... in maner of a dialoge betwene two persones, the one is Boecius, and the other is Philosophy, whose disputations ... do playnly declare the lyfe actiue . . . and the lyfe contemplatyne . . . Translated out of latin into the Englyshe tounge by George Coluile alias Coldewel . . . And to the mergentis is added the Latin . . . accordynge to the boke of the Translatour, whiche was a very olde prynte. Anno mdlvi.', printed by John Cawood, 4to.
​The epistle dedicatory is 'To the hygh and myghty pryncesse our souereigne Ladye, and Quene,Marye . . . Queue of Englande, Spayne, Fraunce, both Cicilles, Jerusalem, and Irelande . . . Archeduches of Austrie, Duches of Myllayne, Burgundye and Brabante, Countesse of Haspurge, Flaunders and Tyroll.' The Latin is in italics on the inner margin, the rest of the book is in black letter. This is in the British Museum. Another edition was printed, also by Cawood, without date, in 1561.
[Wood's Athenæ Oxon. (Bliss), i. 48; Ames's Typogr. Antiq. (Herbert), p. 794; Dibdin's Ames, iv. 397; Colvile's Boetius (1556); Warton's History of English Poetry, iii. 40; Tanner's Bibl. Brit. p. 192.]
W. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Colt, Maximilian

​COLT or COULT, MAXIMILIAN (fl. 1600–1618), sculptor, was born at Arras in Flanders, and settled in England at the close of Elizabeth's reign. On 4 March 1604-5 he signed an agreement with the lord treasurer, Sir Robert Cecil, to carve a monument above Queen Elizabeth's grave in Westminster Abbey for 600l. The work was completed at the end of 1606. On 17 March 1607-8 Colt was employed on a second monument in Westminster Abbey above the grave of the Princess Sophia, the infant child of James I, who was born and died in the preceding June, and in September 1608 it was agreed that this monument should also commemorate the princess's sister Anne, who had died in the previous December. Colt received for this work 215l. On 28 July 1608 Colt was nominated the king's master-carver, and on 3 March 1608-9 he was granted a suit of broadcloth and fur to be renewed annually for life. In 1611 he carved 'a crown on the head of the Duke of York's barge,' and in the following years he was employed in decorating the king's and queen's private barges. The last payment for this work was made on 14 Oct. 1624. Between 1610 and 1612 he is credited with having designed and superintended the building of Wadham College, Oxford, but this statement is probably due to a confusion of Colt with (Sir Thomas) Holt, who has better claims to be regarded as the architect. Colt is met with as late as 1641, when he was imprisoned in the Fleet, and released by the warden. A petition was presented to the House of Lords in this year praying for an inquiry into the warden's lenient conduct (Hist. MSS. Comm. 4th Rep. 111). A letter (7 Jan. 1610-11) from Colt to Suffolk and Salisbury is among the manuscripts at Longleat.
Colt's name appears to have been originally 'Poultrain,' and in early life he is often described as 'Powtran or Poutraine, alias Colt,' but he was afterwards known only as Colt or Coult. He had a house in Bartholomew Close, and is described as living in Farringdon Ward in 1618, when his name appears in a list of foreigners then resident in London, together with that of John Colt, probably his son, who was also a sculptor and a native ​of Arras. A daughter Abigail was buried, at the age of sixteen, in St. Bartholomew's Church 29 March 1629, and his wife, Susan, in 1646. He had another son named Alexander.
[Pell Records, ed. Devon (1836), 21, 27, 50, 60, 88, 139, 249, 289; Foreigners resident in England, 1618-88 (Camd. Soc.), xxiv. 80; Walpole's Anecdotes, ed. Wornum (1862), 195, 238; Notes and Queries, 3rd ser. v. 434; Stanley's Westminster Abbey, 152-3, 156; Cal. State Papers (Dom. 1603-1610), 449, 496, 524; Redgrave's Dict. of Artists.]
S. L. L.