OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Fink, Michael

Edition of 1900.
​FINK, Michael (in religion, Louis Maria), R. C. bishop, b. in Trifsterberg, Bavaria, in 1834. He studied in the Latin school and gymnasium of Ratisbon, and came to the United States in 1852. He joined the order of St. Benedict shortly afterward, and made his profession in the abbey of St. Vincent, Westmoreland county, Pa., in 1854. He finished his theological studies in 1857, and was ordained priest. He was then stationed at Bellefonte, Pa,, and at Newark, N. J. He was next sent to Covington, Ky., where he established a convent of Benedictine nuns, and built a church. He then went to Chicago as pastor of St. Joseph's church, and his missionary labors were so successful that the church couid not contain the numbers who came to hear him, whereupon he built a new and costly one, with schools attached to it. He was next appointed prior of the Benedictine monastery of Atchison, Kan., and also vicar-general of the vicar-apostolate of Kansas. He became coadjutor bishop in 1871, and was transferred to the newly ​erected see of Leavenworth in 1877. Under his care the number of his co-religionists in that diocese increased from 35,000 to 80,000.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Finck, Henry Theophilus

Edition of 1900. The 1892 edition mentions “a collection of musical essays entitled ‘Wagner and other Musicians’ (1887),” and that he “contributed to periodicals papers on the ‘Development of the Color Sense’ and the ‘Gastronomic Value of Odors.’ ” It lists a publication location of London in addition to New York for the book on “Love.”
​FINCK, Henry Theophilus, journalist, b. in Bethel, Shelby co., Mo., 22 Sept., 1854. He was graduated at Harvard in 1876, and in 1877-'8 was a resident graduate at Cambridge, as student of sociology. The Harris fellowship having been awarded to him, he studied physiological psychology at Berlin, Heidelberg, and Vienna from 1878 till 1881. He is on the editorial staff of the New York “Evening Post” and “Nation,” his chief writings being musical criticisms, which are characterized by a strong leaning toward the Wagnerian school. He has published a philosophical work entitled “Romantic Love and Personal Beauty” (New York, 1887); “Chopin and other Musical Essays” (1889); “The Pacific Coast Scenic Tour” (1890); “Spain and Morocco” (1891): “Wagner and his Works” (1893); “Lotus Times in Japan” (1895); and “Paderewski and his Art” (1895).
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Filson, John

Edition of 1900.
​FILSON, John, explorer, b. in Chester county, Pa., in 1747; d. in Ohio, in October, 1788. He was an early explorer of the western country, and before he was thirty-seven had traversed the territory now occupied by the states of West Virginia, Kentucky, Ohio, Illinois, Indiana, Tennessee, Mississippi, and Louisiana. After spending several years in Kentucky collecting information for a history of the country, he purchased from Mathias Denman a one-third interest in the site of Cincinnati, which he called Losantiville, a name formed by Filson from the Latin “os,” mouth, the Greek “anti,” opposite, and the French “ville,” city, from its position opposite the mouth of the Licking river. While exploring the country between this place and the Great Miami, he disappeared, 1 Oct., 1788, having been killed, it is supposed, by hostile Indians. After his disappearance his interest in the site of Cincinnati was transferred by his partners, Denman and Patterson, to Israel Ludlow, and his heirs never reaped any benefit from the subsequent increase in the value of the land. Mr. Filson was the author of “The Discovery, Settlement, and Present State of Kentucke” (Wilmington, Del., 1784; London, 1793; Paris, 1785); “A Map of Kentucky” (Philadelphia, 1784); and “A Topographical Description of the Western Territory of North America,” in association with George Imlay (1793). He also left in manuscript “A Diary of a Journey from Philadelphia to Vincennes, Ind., in 1785”; “An Account of a Trip by Land from Vincennes, Ind., to Louisville, Ky., in 1785”; “A Journal of Two Voyages by Water from Vincennes to Louisville,” and an account of an attempted voyage in 1786. See “Life and Writings of John Filson,” by R, T. Durrett (Louisville, 1884).
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Fimes Villalpando, Ambrosio de

Edition of 1900.
​FIMES VILLALPANDO, Ambrosio de (fee-mes), count of Ricla, captain-general of Cuba, b. in Zaragoza, Spain, in 1720; d. in Madrid in 1780. He entered the army, and in 1760 represented Spain at the court of Russia. In July, 1763, after the peace between England and Spain was signed at Paris, the count of Ricla took possession of the island of Cuba, in the name of the king of Spain, as governor and captain-general. He filled this ​high office until September, 1766, and during his short administration repaired the fortifications of the city of Havana, laid the foundations of the great fortress known as “La Cabaña,” organized the department of finances, the police, the militia, the hospitals, and in 1764 founded “La Gaceta de la Havana.” One of the most important streets in Havana is called for him “Calle de Ricla.”
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Fisk, Pliny

Edition of 1900.
​FISK, Pliny, missionary, b. in Shelburne, Mass., 24 June, 1792; d. in Beirut, Syria, 23 Oct., 1825. He was graduated at Middlebury college in 1814, and at Andover theological seminary in 1818. He was appointed, with Levi Parsons, by the American board, to the Palestine mission in 1818, and sailed from Boston for Smyrna, 3 Nov., 1819. After travelling extensively in Greece, Egypt, Palestine, and Syria, he joined, in May, 1825, the mission already established at Beirut, and died there of fever in the following October. Mr. Fisk was eminently fitted to be a missionary in the east, as he preached in Italian, French, Greek, and Arabic. On the day of his death he completed an “English and Arabic Dictionary,” and wrote numerous papers for the “Missionary Herald.” A life of Pliny Fisk was published by Alvin Bond (Boston, 1828).—His niece, Fidelia, missionary, b. in Shelburne, Mass., 1 May, 1816; d. there, 9 Aug., 1864, was graduated at Mount Holyoke seminary in 1839, and subsequently taught there. In 1843 she resigned her post and went to Persia as a missionary among the Nestorians, where she labored fifteen years, much of the time as teacher in a female seminary. She was the first principal of the seminary at Oroomiah. In 1858 she returned to the United States with broken health. She published “Memorial of Mount Holyoke Seminary” and “Woman and her Saviour in Persia,” and at the time of her death was engaged in writing “Recollections of Mary Lyon” (Boston, 1866). See a memoir of Miss Fisk, by the Rev. Daniel T. Fiske, D. D., entitled “Faith working by Love” (1868).
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Deane, James (Indian missionary)

Edition of 1900.
​Deane, James, Indian missionary, b. in Groton, Conn., 20 Aug., 1748; d. in Westmoreland, Oneida co., N. Y., 10 Sept., 1823. He was graduated at Dartmouth in 1773. In 1773–'4 he was a missionary to the Canadian Indians, and he was afterward employed by congress to pacify the northern Indians, a work for which he was peculiarly fitted, being familiar with their language, having been, when twelve years of age, associated with the Rev. Mr. Mosely, a missionary to the Six Nations. During the Revolutionary war he was commissioned as a major, and served as an Indian agent and interpreter at Fort Stanwix. He was taken prisoner by the Indians, and would have been killed but for the pleadings of their women. At the close of the war the Oneidas granted him a tract of land two miles square, near Rome, Oneida co., which he afterward exchanged for a tract in Westmoreland, whither he removed in 1786. He was for a long time a judge in Oneida county, and held other offices of trust. Judge Deane wrote an essay on Indian mythology, which is preserved in manuscript by Chancellor Anson J. Upson.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Davis, Isaac (patriot)

Edition of 1900.
​DAVIS, Isaac, patriot, b. in 1745; d. in Concord, Mass., 19 April, 1775. He was captain of the Acton minute-men, and led them against the British at Concord bridge, saying: “I have not a man that is afraid to go.” He was killed by the first volley. Bancroft describes him as “stately in his person, a man of few words; earnest even to solemnity.” His body, with those of two of his company, was brought to his home and laid in the bedroom of his wife, from whom he had parted only a few hours before. The three men “were followed to the village graveyard by a concourse of the neighbors from miles around.” Mrs. Davis lived to a great age. When she was over ninety, “the United States in congress bethought themselves to pay honors to her husband's martyrdom.”
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/De Zeng, Frederick Augustus, Baron

Edition of 1900.
​DE ZENG, Frederick Augustus, Baron, soldier, b. in Dresden, Saxony, in 1756; d. in Clyde, N. Y., 26 April, 1838. He received a military education, and at the age of eighteen became lieutenant of the guard in the service of the landgrave of Hesse-Cassel. He saw service in Moravia and Bohemia, and in 1776 received the court appointment of gentleman of the chamber. He came to this country about the close of 1780 as captain of one of the Hessian regiments in the British service. He was honorably discharged from the German service in 1783, and in 1784 married an American lady and purchased an estate at Red Hook, N. Y. He was naturalized in 1789, and in 1792 commissioned major of a battalion of militia in Ulster county, N. Y., in which county he had become joint owner with Chancellor Livingston of a large tract of land. He was intimate with Gov. Clinton, interested like him in the opening of the interior water communications of the state, and personally surveyed in 1790-'2 the entire country from Albany to the Genesee river. He was connected with Gen. Schuyler in the Western Inland Lock Navigation company, and in 1796 was one of three who established near Albany a manufactory of window-glass, the first in the state, which proved a financial success until 1815, when it closed, owing to failure of fuel in the neighborhood. In 1812 he suggested measures that resulted in the improvement of the navigation of Seneca river and its associated lakes, and in 1814-'5 began what ultimately became the Chemung canal. He resided at Kingston, Ulster co., and later at Bainbridge, Chenango co., N. Y., where he built and owned the bridge over the Susquehanna river.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Davis, Jefferson C.

Edition of 1900.
​DAVIS, Jefferson C., soldier, b. in Clark county, Ind., 2 March, 1828; d. in Chicago, Ill., 30 Nov., 1879. His ancestors were noted in the Indian wars of Kentucky. At the age of eighteen, while pursuing his studies in the Clark county, Ind., seminary, he heard of the declaration of war with Mexico, and enlisted in Col. Lane's Indiana regiment. For gallant conduct at Buena Vista he was on 17 June, 1848, made second lieutenant of the 1st artillery. He became first lieutenant in 1852, took charge of the garrison in Fort Sumter, S. C., in 1858, and was there during the bombardment in April, 1861, at the beginning of the civil war. In May, 1861, he was promoted to a captaincy and given leave of absence to raise the 22d Indiana volunteers, of which regiment he became colonel, and was afterward given a brigade by Gen. Frémont, with whom he served in Missouri. He also commanded a brigade under Gens. Hunter and Pope. For services rendered at Milford, Mo., on 18 Dec., 1861, where he aided in capturing a superior force of the enemy, with a large quantity of military supplies, he was made brigadier-general of volunteers. At the battle of Pea Ridge he commanded one of the four divisions of Gen. Curtis's army. He participated in the siege of Corinth, and, after the evacuation of that place by the Confederate forces, was assigned to the Army of the Tennessee. On 29 Sept., 1862, he chanced to meet in Louisville Gen. William Nelson, from whom he claimed to have received treatment unduly harsh and severe. An altercation ensued, and in a moment of resentment he shot Nelson, instantly killing him. He was arrested, and held for a time, but no trial was ordered, and he was released and assigned to duty at Covington, Ky. He led his old division of the ​20th army corps into the fight at Stone river, and for his bravery was recommended by Gen. Rosecrans for major-general. In 1864 he commanded the 14th corps of Sherman's army in the Atlanta campaign and in the march through Georgia. In 1865 a brevet major-generalship was given him, and he was made colonel of the 23d infantry, 23 July, 1866. He afterward went to the Pacific coast, and commanded the U. S. troops in Alaska, and in 1873, after the murder of Gen. Canby by the Modoc Indians in northern California, took command of the forces operating against them, and compelled them to surrender.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Deane, James (naturalist)

Edition of 1900.
​Deane, James, naturalist, b. in Coleraine, Mass., 14 Feb., 1801; d. in Greenfield, 8 June, 1858. He passed his early life on his father's farm, and in 1822 removed to Greenfield, where, after writing for four years in a lawyer's office, he studied medicine. He was graduated as M. D. in 1831, and practised from that date until his death. In the spring of 1835 he discovered fossil footprints in the red sandstone of the Connecticut valley, and, having called the attention of scientific men to the fact, his investigations were afterward extended by Prof. Edward Hitchcock and others. American geologists were soon convinced of the genuineness of the footprints; but those in England were skeptical until a box of impressions, with a communication, had been sent by Dr. Deane to Dr. G. A. Mantell, by whom they were placed before the Geological society of London. At the time of his death he was about publishing an illustrated work embodying the results of twenty-four years of geological study and labor, which has since been issued by the Smithsonian institution. He contributed frequently to Silliman's "Journal" and the Boston "Medical and Surgical Journal," and was the author of a paper on the "Hygienic Condition of the Survivors of Ovariotomy," in which he favored the morality of the operation.
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume IV/Commodianus/The Instructions of Commodianus/Chapter 58

LVII.—That Worldly Things are Absolutely to Be Avoided.
If certain teachers, while looking for your gifts or fearing your persons, relax individual things to you, not only do I not grieve, but I am compelled to speak the truth. Thou art going to vain shows with the crowd of the evil one, where Satan is at work in the circus with din. Thou persuadest thyself that everything that shall please thee is lawful. Thou art the offspring of the Highest, mingled with the sons of the devil. Dost thou wish to see the former things which thou hast renounced? Art thou again conversant with them? What shall the Anointed One profit thee? Or if it is permitted, on account of weakness, that thou foolishly profane…Love not the world, nor its contents.  Such is God’s word, and it seems good to thee. Thou observest man’s command, and shunnest God’s. Thou trustedst to the gift whereby the teachers shut up their mouths, that they may be silent, and not tell thee the divine commands; while I speak the truth, as thou art bound look to the Highest. Assign thyself as a follower to Him whose son thou wast. If thou seekest to live, being a believing man, as do the Gentiles, the joys of the world remove thee from the grace of Christ. With an undisciplined mind thou seekest what thou presumest to be easily lawful, both thy dear actors and their musical strains; nor carest thou that the offspring of such an one should babble follies. While thou thinkest that thou art enjoying life, thou art improvidently erring. The Highest commands, and thou shunnest His righteous precepts.
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume IV/Commodianus/The Instructions of Commodianus/Chapter 60

LIX.—To the Matrons of the Church of the Living God.
Thou wishest, O Christian woman, that the matrons should be as the ladies of the world. Thou surroundest thyself with gold, or with the modest silken garment. Thou givest the terror of the law from thy ears to the wind. Thou affectest vanity with all the pomp of the devil. Thou art adorned at the looking-glass with thy curled hair turned back from thy brow. And moreover, with evil purposes, thou puttest on false medicaments, on thy pure eyes the stibium, with painted beauty, or thou dyest thy hair that it may be always black. God is the overlooker, who dives into each heart. But these things are not necessary for modest women.  Pierce thy breast with chaste and modest feeling. The law of God bears witness that such laws fail from the heart which believes; to a wife approved of her husband, let it suffice that she is so, not by her dress, but by her good disposition. To put on clothes which the cold and the heat or too much sun demands, only that thou mayest be approved modest, and show forth the gifts of thy capacity among the people of God. Thou who wast formerly most illustrious, givest to thyself the guise of one who is contemptible. She who lay without life, was raised by the prayers of the widows. She deserved this, that she should be raised from death, not by her costly dress, but by her gifts. Do ye, O good matrons, flee from the adornment of vanity; such attire is fitting for women who haunt the brothels.  Overcome the evil one, O modest women of Christ. Show forth all your wealth in giving.
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume IV/Commodianus/The Instructions of Commodianus/Chapter 55

LIV.—Of Fugitives.
The souls of those that are lost deservedly of themselves separate themselves. Begotten of him, they again recur to those things which are his. The root of Cain, the accursed seed, breaks forth and takes refuge in the servile nation under a barbarian king; and there the eternal flame will torment on the day decreed. The fugitive will wander vaguely without discipline, loosed from law to go about through the defiles of the ways.  These, therefore, are such whom no penalty has restrained. If they will not live, they ought to be seen by the idols.
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume IV/Commodianus/The Instructions of Commodianus/Chapter 56

LV.—Of the Seed of the Tares.
Of the seed of the tares, who stand mingled in the Church. When the times of the harvest are filled up, the tares that have sprung up are separated from the fruit, because God had not sent them. The husbandman separates all those collected tares. The law is our field; whoever does good in it, assuredly the Ruler Himself will afford a true repose, for the tares are burned with fire. If, therefore, you think that under one they are delaying, you are wrong. I designate you as barren Christians; cursed was the fig-tree without fruit in the word of the Lord, and immediately it withered away. Ye do not works; ye prepare no gift for the treasury, and yet ye thus vainly think to deserve well of the Lord.
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume IV/Commodianus/The Instructions of Commodianus/Chapter 52

LI.—Of Infants.
The enemy has suddenly come flooding us over with war; and before they could flee, he has seized upon the helpless children. They cannot be reproached, although they are seen to be taken captive; nor, indeed, do I excuse them. Perhaps they have deserved it on account of the faults of their parents; therefore God has given them up. However, I exhort the adults that they run to arms, and that they should be born again, as it were, to their Mother from the womb. Let them avoid a law that is terrible, and always bloody, impious, intractable, living with the life of the beasts; for when another war by chance should be to be waged, he who should be able to conquer or even rightly to know how to beware.
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume IV/Commodianus/The Instructions of Commodianus/Chapter 53

LII.—Deserters.
For deserters are not called so as all of one kind. One is wicked, another partially withdraws; but yet true judgments are decreed for both. So Christ is fought against, even as Cæsar is obeyed. Seek the refuge of the king, if thou hast been a delinquent. Do thou implore of Him; do thou prostrate confess to Him: He will grant all things whose also are all our things. The camp being replaced, beware of sinning further; do not wander long as a soldier through caves of the wild beasts.  Let it be sin to thee to cease from unmeasured doing.
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume IV/Commodianus/The Instructions of Commodianus/Chapter 54

LIII.—To the Soldiers of Christ.
When thou hast given thy name to the warfare, thou art held by a bridle. Therefore begin thou to put away thy former doings. Shun luxuries, since labour is threatening arms.  With all thy virtue thou must obey the king’s command, if thou wishest to attain the last times in gladness. He is a good soldier, always wait for things to be enjoyed. Be unwilling to flatter thyself; absolutely put away sloth, that thou mayest daily be ready for what is set before thee. Be careful beforehand; in the morning revisit the standards. When thou seest the war, take the nearest contest. This is the king’s glory, to see the soldiery prepared. The king is present; desire that ye may fight beyond his hope. He makes ready gifts. He gladly looks for the victory, and assigns you to be a fit follower. Do thou be unwilling to spare thyself besides for Belial; be thou rather diligent, that he may give fame for your death.
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume IV/Commodianus/The Instructions of Commodianus/Chapter 57

LVI.—To the Dissembler.
Dost thou dissemble with the law that was given with such public announcement, crying out in the heavenly word of so many prophets? If a prophet had only cried out to the clouds, the word of the Lord uttered by him would surely suffice. The law of the Lord proclaims itself into so many volumes of prophets; none of them excuses wickedness; thus even thou wishest from the heart to see good things; thou art also seeking to live by deceits. Why, then, has the law itself gone forth with so much pains? Thou abusest the commands of the Lord, and yet thou callest thyself His son. Thou art seen, if thou wilt be such without reason. I say, the Almighty seeks the meek to be His sons, those who are upright with a good heart, those who are devoted to the divine law; but ye know already where He has plunged the wicked.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Or, “If one prophet only had cried out to the world.”
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume IV/Commodianus/The Instructions of Commodianus/Chapter 59

LVIII.—That the Christian Should Be Such.
When the Lord says that man should eat bread with groaning, here what art thou now doing, who desirest to live with joy? Thou seekest to rescind the judgment uttered by the highest God when He first formed man; thou wishest to abandon the curb of the law. If the Almighty God have bidden thee live with sweat, thou who art living in pleasure wilt already be a stranger to Him. The Scripture saith that the Lord was angry with the Jews. Their sons, refreshed with food, rose up to play. Now, therefore, why do we follow these circumcised men? In what respect they perished, we ought to beware; the greatest part of you, surrendered to luxuries, obey them. Thou transgressest the law in staining thyself with dyes: against thee the apostle cries out; yea, God cries out by him. Your dissoluteness, says he, in itself ruins you. Be, then, such as Christ wishes you to be, gentle, and in Him joyful, for in the world you are sad. Run, labour, sweat, fight with sadness. Hope comes with labour, and the palm is given to victory. If thou wishest to be refreshed, give help and encouragement to the martyr. Wait for the repose to come in the passage of death.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Sponte profectos.
* ↑ Deperdunt.