OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Alchemy of Happiness (Field)

WISDOM OF THE EAST
THE ALCHEMY OF
HAPPINESS
BY AL GHAZZALI
TRANSLATED FROM THE HINDUSTANI
BY CLAUD FIELD
"Knowledge of a part is better than ignorance of the whole" (Abu'l Feda)
LONDON
JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET, W.
1910
PRINTED BY HAZELL, WATSON AND VINEY, LD, LONDON AND AYLESBURY.
CONTENTS :
| | | PAGE |
| Preface | Preface | 7 |
| Introduction | Introduction | 17 |
| CHAP. |
| I. | The Knowledge of Self | 19 |
| II. | The Knowledge of God | 31 |
| III. | The Knowledge of this World | 43 |
| IV. | The Knowledge of the Next World | 51 |
| V. | Concerning Music and Dancing as Aids to the Religious Life | 64 |
| VI. | Concerning Self-examination and the Recollection of God | 75 |
| VII. | Marriage as a Help or Hindrance to the Religious Life | 87 |
| VIII. | The Love of God | 100 |
EDITORIAL NOTE
The object of the Editors of this series is a very definite one. They desire above all things that, in their humble way, these books shall be the ambassadors of good-will and understanding between East and West—the old world of Thought and the new of Action. In this endeavour, and in their own sphere, they are but followers of the highest example in the land. They are confident that a deeper knowledge of the great ideals and lofty philosophy of Oriental thought may help to a revival of that true spirit of Charity which neither despises nor fears the nations of another creed and colour. Finally, in thanking press and public for the very cordial reception given to the "Wisdom of the East" Series, they wish to state that no pains have been spared to secure the best specialists for the treatment of the various subjects at hand.
L. CRANMER-BYNG. S. A. KAPADIA.
Northbrook Society, 185 Piccadilly, W.
This work is a translation and has a separate copyright status to the applicable copyright protections of the original content.
# The American Catholic Historical Researches/Volume 17

The
AMERICAN CATHOLIC
Historical Researches.
FOR 1900.
The first law of History is not to dare tell a lie; the second not to fear to tell the truth; besides let the Historian be beyond all suspicion of favoring or hating anyone whomsoever. LEO XIII.
Which if I have done well and as becometh the history is what I have desired; but if not so perfectly it must be pardoned me. Machabees XV, 39.
PUBLISHED AND EDITED
BY
MARTIN I. J. GRIFFIN,
No. 2009 N. TWELFTH STREET,
PHILADELPHIA.
# The American Catholic Historical Researches

Quarterly journal
* Volume 16 (1899)
* Volume 17 (1900)
* Volume 18 (1901)
# The American Claimant

* information about this edition.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Commons category, Wikidata item.

### Contents

* Chapter I
* Chapter II
* Chapter III
* Chapter IV
* Chapter V
* Chapter VI
* Chapter VII
* Chapter VIII
* Chapter IX
* Chapter X
* Chapter XI
* Chapter XII
* Chapter XIII
* Chapter XIV
* Chapter XV
* Chapter XVI
* Chapter XVII
* Chapter XVIII
* Chapter XIX
* Chapter XX
* Chapter XXI
* Chapter XXII
* Chapter XXIII
* Chapter XXIV
* Chapter XXV
# The American Carbon Manual/toc

CONTENTS.
| Specimen Carbon Print, | Vignette |
| | page |
| Preface, | 3 |
| Introduction, | 9 |
| Swan's Carbon Process, | 15 |
| Crosman's Carbon Tissue, | 25 |
| Details of Manipulation, | 28 |
| Preparing the Non-Sensitive Tissue, | 28 |
| Sensitizing the Tissue, | 32 |
| Exposure Under the Negative, | 35 |
| Mounting and Preparation for Development of the Image, | 36 |
| Development and Washing, | 39 |
| Transferring the Prints, | 43 |
| The Sensitive Collodio-Gelatine Tissue, | 48 |
| Carbon Printing in the Solar Camera, | 52 |
| Swan's Actinometer, | 54 |
| Vogel's New Photometer, | 56 |
| The Chromic Salts, | 60 |
| Physiological Effects of Chromic Salts, | 61 |
| The Pigments Employed, | 63 |
| The Gelatine, | 65 |
| A Hint on the Preparation of Solution of India-rubber in Benzole, | 66 |
| Coloring Carbon Prints, | 67 |
| Practical Notes on the Carbon Process, | 68 |
| Transferring Without a Press, | 68 |
| Transferring Without Gelatine | 69 |
| Carbon Prints on Porcelain Glass, | 70 |
| Carbon Negatives, | 71 ​ |
| Failures, Faults, and Remedies, | 71 |
| Spontaneous Insolubility of the Tissue, | 71 |
| Tardy Solution of the Superfluous Gelatine in Development, | 72 |
| Bichromate of Potash Crystallizing on the Tissue in Drying, | 72 |
| Uneven Development, | 72 |
| Blisters During Development, | 73 |
| Over Exposure, | 73 |
| Under Exposure, | 74 |
| Weak and Flat Prints, | 74 |
| Hardness and Excessive Contrast, | 74 |
| An Uneven Texture in the Finished Print, | 75 |
| Portions of the Image Tearing Off in Transferring, | 75 |
| A Green Tint Pervading the Blacks, | 75 |
| Unequal Sensitiveness, | 75 |
| The Gelatinous Coating Runs in Sensitizing, | 76 |
| Dark Spots, | 76 |
| A Sparkling Appearance in the Prints after Transfer, | 76 |
| Cracking of the Film, | 76 |
| Many Mites from Many Minds, | 76 |
| Historical Notes on Carbon Printing, 1814 to 1868, | 83 |
# The Blind Man

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "The Blind Man."
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* The Blind Man, a story by Kate Chopin.
* The Blind Man, a poem by Théophile Gautier.
# The Blind Man's Eyes

A film based on the novel called Blind Man's Eyes was published in 1919. That film is now considered lost.
* The Blind Man's Eyes, a Boston reprint of the original, from June-July 1916, by Little, Brown and Company
* The Blind Man's Eyes, a 1916 facsimile of the Little, Brown and Company original from March 1916, published in Canada by Thomas Allen
* The Blind Man's Eyes, a London version by Hodder and Stoughton, with the illustrations omitted
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/German Silver

Edition of 1879. See also Nickel silver on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ GERMAN SILVER, or Argentane, an alloy resembling silver, made of variable proportions of its ingredients according to the uses for which it is designed. A composition of 8 parts of copper to 3 each of nickel and zinc is recommended as making a close imitation of silver of $^{750}$⁄$_{1000}$. The two latter metals are also used in the proportions of 4 each to 8 of copper. By using a larger proportion of copper the alloy is more easily rolled into plates, but the copper sooner becomes apparent in use. Iron used in the proportion of 2 to 2½ per cent, renders the composition whiter but more brittle. The genuine German silver, made from the original ore of Hildburghausen in Henneberg, analyzed by Keferstein, was found to consist of copper 40.4 per cent., nickel 31.6, zinc 25.4, iron 2.6.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Gerok, Karl

Edition of 1879. See also Karl Gerok on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ GEROK, Karl, a German prelate and poet, born at Vaihingen, Würtemberg, Jan. 30, 1815. He studied at the gymnasium of Stuttgart, held various ecclesiastical offices, and in 1868 was appointed first preacher of the court and chief consistorial councillor. His published sermons have passed through many editions, and his religious poems, including ​Pfingstrosen (4th ed., 1870) and Palmblätter (17th ed., 1871), have made him famous. Besides his poems Blumen und Sternen (3d ed., 1870), he published during the Franco-German war of 1870-'71 patriotic effusions under the title of Deutsche Ostern.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Germersheim

Edition of 1879. See also Germersheim on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ GERMERSHEIM, a fortified town of Rhenish Bavaria, at the confluence of the Queich and the Rhine, 7 m. S. W. of Spire; pop. in 1871, 6,223. It has several churches and schools, and an active trade in grain, hemp, flax, and fruits. Ship building and fisheries are carried on, and gold is washed from the sands of the Rhine. Originally a Roman stronghold, the present town was founded by the emperor Rudolph of Hapsburg, who died here in 1291. It formed part of the electoral Palatinate from 1330 to 1622, when it was conquered by Austria. From 1644 to 1650 it was occupied by the French, who retook and devastated the place in 1674 under Turenne. After the death of the elector Charles (1685), the French again claimed possession, whence arose the Germersheim war of succession, which came partly to an end through the treaty of Ryswick (1697), and finally through the arbitration of the pope (1702). It was subsequently the scene of important military operations up to July, 1793, when the French were here defeated by the Austrians. Germersheim having been made a fortress of the German confederation, works have been in progress since 1835, forming together with the fortress of Landau, distant 10m., and with a tête-de-pont on the right bank of the Rhine, a strong strategical position.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Germantown

Edition of 1879. See also Germantown, Philadelphia on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ GERMANTOWN, formerly a post borough of Philadelphia co., Pennsylvania, 6 m. N. W. of the state house, Philadelphia, and included since 1854 in the 22d ward of that city; pop. of the ward in 1870, 22,605. It has one main street, about 4 m. long, extending S. S. E. and N. N. W., which is intersected at right angles by several others. It is lighted with gas, is well supplied with water, and is connected with Philadelphia by both a steam and a horse railway. Many retired merchants and wealthy citizens of Philadelphia have here their residences, some of which are of great elegance. Among the public buildings are 21 churches, an academy and other schools, and a bank. There are also a number of extensive manufactories.—Germantown was laid out in 1684 under a grant from William Penn, and settled by Germans, whence its name. It is memorable as the scene of the defeat of the American army under Washington by the British on Oct. 4, 1777. Washington, having learned that Gen. Howe had detached a portion of the main division of his army, then at Germantown, determined to take advantage of it to attack his camp. After marching all night, he entered the town about sunrise. The enemy, who were encamped across the main street at right angles, were taken by surprise, but the morning being dark and foggy, the Americans were thrown into confusion by the many small enclosures of the village, and the British rallied and attacked in turn. Some of the Americans were seized with a panic, and what had promised to be a victory was changed into a defeat. Washington withdrew in good order, with all his artillery. The British loss was upward of 600; the American about 1,000.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Germanus

Edition of 1879. See also Germanus of Auxerre on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ GERMANUS (Fr. St. Germain l'Auxerrois), a saint of the Roman Catholic church, born in Auxerre, central Gaul, about 380, died in Ravenna, July 31, 448 or 449. He was of a senatorial family, studied literature and jurisprudence, and distinguished himself for eloquence. He was made by the emperor Honorius military governor of his native district, and in 418 was elected bishop of Auxerre, although a married man. He separated from his wife, gave his property to the poor, and built a monastery on the river Yonne. He twice visited England at the request of Celestine I., and by his authority the doctrines of Pelagius were condemned and suppressed there, and schools for the education of the clergy were opened. He once led the Britons against a party of Picts and Saxons who were plundering the coast, and terrified them into retreat by a general shout of “Hallelujah,” an action known under the name of the Hallelujah victory. He encouraged St. Patrick to undertake the conversion of the Irish, and in 447 went to Ravenna to mediate between the revolted Bretons and Valentinian III. His feast is celebrated on July 31. A manuscript preserved in the abbey of St. Gall, entitled Liber Sancti Ambrosii in Laudem Sanctorum compositus, is said by the Benedictine editors of St. Ambrose to have been probably written by St. Germanus. His life, written 30 years after his death by the priest Constantius, and put in verse by the monk Eric, is to be found in Labbe's Nova Bibliotheca Manuscriptorum. A new life of St. Germanus was given in vols. ix. and xi. of Newman's “Lives of the English Saints” (London, 1844).
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Pfalzburg

Edition of 1879. See also Phalsbourg on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
PFALZBURG (Fr. Phalsbourg), a town of the German Reichsland of Alsace-Lorraine, included before 1871 in the French department of Meurthe, 25 m. N. W. of Strasburg; pop. about 4,300. It occupies a strong position on the W. declivity of the Vosges, commanding one of their passes, and under French rule was a fortress of the second class. In the late war it maintained a gallant defence against the Germans for four months under its commander Taillant, finally surrendering on Dec. 12, 1870. The number of prisoners was 1,900. In 1872 the dismantlement of the town was begun, the new frontiers having greatly diminished its strategical importance.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Pforzheim

Edition of 1879. See also Pforzheim on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
PFORZHEIM, a town of Baden, at the confluence of the Nagold and the Enz, and at the foot of the Black Forest, 16 m. S. E. of Carlsruhe; pop. in 1871, 19,801. It has an ancient castle, the church of which contains the tombs and monuments of members of the grand-ducal family, a deaf and dumb institution, an insane asylum, an orphan asylum, and poorhouses. Its manufactures include jewelry, cloth, chemicals, oil, paper, and leather.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Pettis

Edition of 1879. See also Pettis County, Missouri on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​PETTIS, a W. central county of Missouri, drained by La Mine river and branches; area, about 600 sq. m.; pop. in 1870, 18,706, of whom 2,126 were colored. It has an undulating surface with extensive prairies and forests, and the soil is fertile. The Missouri Pacific railroad and the Lexington branch pass through it. The chief productions in 1870 were 270,245 bushels of wheat, 920,178 of Indian corn, 312,416 of oats, 55,250 of potatoes, 146,905 lbs. of butter, 48,989 of wool, and 10,817 tons of hay. There were 7,060 horses, 2,012 mules and asses, 5,376 milch cows, 7,245 other cattle, 17,928 sheep, and 25,726 swine; 2 manufactories of boots and shoes, 5 of carriages and wagons, 1 of patent medicines, 4 of saddlery and harness, 1 brewery, and 5 flour mills. Capital, Sedalia.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Pfäfers

Edition of 1879. See also Pfäfers on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
PFÄFERS, or Pfeffers, a watering place of Switzerland, in the canton of St. Gall, 2 m. S. of Ragatz. It is more than 2,000 ft. above the sea, and has the so-called indifferent thermal springs, efficacious in rheumatism and nervous diseases. The springs were discovered in 1038. The gorge of the Tamina, leading from the village to the springs, is one of the most picturesque spots in the world.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Pfister, Albrecht

Edition of 1879. See also Albrecht Pfister on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
PFISTER, Albrecht, a German printer of the 15th century, born about 1420, died about 1470. He was a card painter in Bamberg, but about 1455 began to print with movable types. The types of Pfister, although similar to Gutenberg's, are peculiar. He began with the printing of school and prayer books, and fragments of Latin grammars of his work have lasted to our time. Among his productions were indulgences printed with metal types of the years 1454 and 1455, an almanac of 1457, and a Biblia Pauperum. His great work is the Latin 36-line Bible in 3 vols. folio, and consisting of 881 leaves.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Pfeiffer, Ida

Edition of 1879. See also Ida Laura Pfeiffer on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
PFEIFFER, Ida, a German traveller, born in Vienna, Oct. 15, 1797, died there, Oct. 27, 1858. Her maiden name was Reyer. The extended journeys through which she became celebrated did not begin until she reached the age of 44, when, having been for some years separated from her husband, her two sons being established in life, and a sufficient sum having accumulated from her careful savings, she gratified her long cherished desire for travel by making a journey to Palestine in 1842, returning through Italy during the same year. In
1845 she visited Norway, Lapland, and Iceland. In June, 1846, she sailed from Hamburg on a voyage round the world, in company with Count Berchthold, from whom she subsequently parted. Disappointed in an attempt to cross South America, she continued her journey from Rio de Janeiro by water, touching at various points, crossing from Valparaiso to Macao, and stopping at Tahiti. From China she went to Calcutta, and thence across India and Persia, and completed her journey by visiting the Black sea, Turkey, and Greece. Aided by the Austrian government, she again embarked in the spring of 1851, and from London proceeded to the Cape of Good Hope, intending to visit the interior of Africa; but, deterred by the great cost of the undertaking, she went on to the East Indian islands, and thence across the Pacific to California. After travelling in South America, she visited the United States and Canada in 1854, and sailed for Liverpool in November. Her subsequent journeys were to the Azores in 1855, and to Madagascar in 1856-'7. Here she arrived in company with a Frenchman, who was soon arrested for a conspiracy to dethrone the queen, and was ordered with his companion to leave the island. Mme. Pfeiffer's death was caused by a malarial fever contracted in Madagascar. She wrote Reise einer Wienerin in das Heilige Land (“Journey of a Vienna Woman in the Holy Land,” 2 vols., Vienna, 1843); Reise nach dem skandinavischen Norden und der Insel Island (Pesth, 1846; English translation, “Journey to Iceland, Sweden, and Norway,” London, 1852); Eine Frauenfahrt um die Welt (3 vols., Vienna, 1850; English, “A Woman's Journey round the World,” London, 1854); and Zweite Weltreise (Vienna, 1856; English, “Second Journey round the World,” London, 1857). See also “The Last Travels of Ida Pfeiffer,” with a biography (London, 1861).
# The Biographical Dictionary of America/Allen, Horace Newton

​ALLEN, Horace Newton, diplomat, was born at Delaware, Ohio, April 23, 1858. He was graduated from the Ohio Wesleyan university, in 1881; studied in the Ohio medical college, and received the degree M.D. from the Cincinnati medical college in 1884. He was appointed medical missionary to China under the auspices of the Presbyterian church in 1883; was transferred to Korea in 1884; saved the life of a prince in a revolution; was appointed medical officer to the court, and as a recognition of his services during the rebellion in 1885, was provided with a hospital by the king. He was secretary and interpreter to the Korean embassy to the United States, at Washington, in 1887, returning to Korea as U. S. secretary of the legation in 1890. He was Korean commissioner to the World's Columbian exposition, Chicago, in 1893, and was appointed U.S. minister to Korea in 1897.
# The Biographical Dictionary of America/Allen, Elisha Hunt

​ALLEN, Elisha Hunt, jurist, was born at New Salem, Mass., Jan. 28, 1804, son of Samuel C. Allen, a lawyer. In 1823 he was graduated at Williams college, studied with his father, and two years later was admitted to the bar, beginning practice in Brattleboro. He subsequently removed to Bangor, Me., where he served in the legislature and represented his district in the 27th Congress as a Whig, but was defeated for the 28th Congress. He removed to Boston in 1847, and was elected to the house of representatives of the state in 1849. President Taylor made him United States consul at Honolulu in 1849, and he performed the office so acceptably that the Hawaiian government made him first minister of finance, and then chief justice. The latter office he retained for twenty years. Important negotiations were conducted between the United States and the Hawaiian governments during this term, and upon his return to America he, at various times, was the accredited minister of the Hawaiian kingdom at Washington. He was dean of the diplomatic corps at the time of his death, which occurred Jan. 1, 1883.
# The Biographical Dictionary of America/Allen, Heman (diplomat)

​ALLEN, Heman, diplomat, was born at Cornwall, Ct., Oct. 15, 1740, second son of Joseph and Mary (Baker) Allen. His father died in 1755, and he, after going with his brothers to the New Hampshire grants, returned and became a merchant at Salisbury, Ct., where he was living when the war of the revolution broke out. He was largely interested in Vermont and owned considerable property there. He was a delegate from Rutland, Vt., to the convention of January, 1777, that declared for independence, and again from Colchester, Vt., to the Windsor convention that framed the state constitution. He was also agent from Dorset convention of January, 1776, to present the cause of the people of Vermont to Congress, petitioning to be allowed to serve in the common cause, under officers to be named by Congress. This was a very successful effort, and he reported on the mission, July 22, 1776. In all the conventions looking to the affairs of Vermont, save two, his name appears as a delegate, and in the two he served as delegate at large or counsellor. He represented Middlebury in the state legislature one term. He was captain of a company in the regiment of Green Mountain Boys in their expedition to Canada. At the battle of Bennington he was present as one of the committee of safety, and there contracted a cold which led to decline and death in May, 1778.
# The Biographical Dictionary of America/Allen, Harrison

​ALLEN, Harrison, physician, was born in Philadelphia, Pa., April 17, 1841; son of Samuel and Elizabeth Justice (Thomas) Allen, grandson of David and a descendant in the sixth generation from Samuel Allen of Bristol, England, and Bristol Pa., 1682. He was graduated at the University of Pennsylvania, M.D., in 1861, served in the army, 1861-'65, resigned in 1865 ​with the brevet rank of major, and went to the University of Pennsylvania as professor of comparative anatomy and medical zoölogy, and afterwards of physiology. He also acted as professor of anatomy and surgery in the Philadelphia Dental college, and as surgeon and secretary to the Philadelphia hospital. He contributed to medical journals, writing chiefly on osteomyelitis, human anatomy, and morbid anatomy. His publications are: "Outlines of Comparative Anatomy and Medical Zoölogy" (1868); "Studies in the Facial Region" (1869); "An Analysis of the Life-form in Art" (1875); "Monograph on the Bats of North America" (1864); "Localization of Diseased Action in the Œsophagus" (1877); "The Temporal and Masseter Muscles of Mammals" (1880); "System of Human Anatomy" (1882); "Motions of the Soft Palate" (1884); "A Clinical Study of the Skull" (1890); "Embryos of Bats" (1895). He died in Philadelphia, Pa., Nov. 14, 1897.
# The Biographical Dictionary of America/Allen, Heman (lawyer)

​ALLEN, Heman, lawyer, was born in Poultney, Vt., Feb. 23, 1779, son of Heber Allen, and nephew of Ethan Allen. In 1795 he was graduated from Dartmouth college, and after studying law he was appointed, in 1808, sheriff of Chittenden county, Vt., serving two years. From 1811 to 1814 he was chief justice of the county court, and from 1812 to 1817 a member of the lower house of the state legislature. While in the latter body he received the appointment of quartermaster of militia, with the title of brigadier-general. In 1817 he was elected a representative in Congress, but resigned the following year to accept from President Monroe the position of United States marshal for the district of Vermont. In 1823 President Monroe appointed him United States minister to Chili, where he remained until 1828. He married Elizabeth Hart, one of "the seven graces of Stratford." He resigned in 1828, and from 1830 to 1836 was president of the United States branch bank at Burlington; and at the expiration of its charter he removed to Highgate, Vt., where he died April 9, 1852.