# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Volume IV

See also the scan index; and the disclaimer.
| | Volume IV Bokhara — Canoe | Volume IV Bokhara — Canoe | |
| Bo | Br | Bu | C – Ca |
| Bokhara, country and town, Central Asia. Bolbec, town, France. Boleyn, Anne, wife of Henry VIII. of England. Boli, town, Asiatic Turkey. Bolingbroke, Viscount (Henry St John). Bolivar, Simon, South-American liberator. Bolivia, country, South America. Bollandist Fathers, authors of Acta Sanctorum. Bologna, province & town, Italy. Bologne, Jean (Giovanni da Bologna), sculptor. Bolsena, town, Italy. Bolton, town, Lancashire, England. Bolzano, Bernhard, Catholic theologian. Bombay, presidency, India. Bombay City and Island. Bonald, Vicomte de, French philosopher. Bonaparte, Corsican family. Bonaventura, St, theologian and philosopher. Bondu, kingdom, West Africa. Bone, town, Algeria. Bone, Henry, English enamel painter. Bonfigli, Benedetto, Italian painter. Bongo, people, Central Africa. Boni, kingdom, Celebes. Boniface, St, apostle of Germany. Boniface, popes. Bonifacio, town, Corsica. Bonn, town, Rhenish Prussia. Bonner, Edmund, bishop of London. Bonnet, Charles, Swiss naturalist and philosopher. Bonneval, Comte de, French adventurer. Bonnivard, François de (Prisoner of Chillon), Swiss writer. Bonpland, Aimé, French botanist and traveller. Bonstetten, Charles Victor de, Swiss writer. Bonvicino, Alejandro (Moretto, q.v.). Book. Bookselling. Bookbinding. Book-Keeping. Boole, George, English mathematician and logician. Boom, town, Belgium. Boomerang, Australian missile. Booth, Barton, English tragedian. Boothia Felix, peninsula, North America. Bopp, Franz, German philologist. Borax, mineral. Borda, Jean Charles, French mathematician. Bordeaux, town, France. Boreas, in Greek mythology. Borelli, Giovanni Alfonso, Italian physician. Borga, town, Russian Finland. Borgerhout, town, Belgium. Borghese, Italian family. Borgia, Cæsar and Lucretia, children of Pope Alexander VI. Borgo San Donnino, town, Italy. Borgognone, Ambrogio (Fossano, q.v.), Italian painter. Borgu, district, Central Africa. Boring, in mining. Borissogliebsk, town, Russia. Borku, district, Central Africa. Borlase, William, English naturalist. Born, Ignatius, Baron von, Austrian mineralogist. Börne, Ludwig, German satirist. Borneo, island, Indian Archipelago. Bornholm, island, Denmark. Bornu, or Bornon, kingdom, Central Africa. Borough. Borough-English, succession custom. Borovichi, town, Russia. Borovsk, town, Russia. Borromean Islands, Lago Maggiore, Italy. Borromeo, Carlo, saint and cardinal. Borromini, Francesco, Italian architect. Borrowstounness, or Bo’ness, town, Scotland. Bory de Saint-Vincent, French naturalist. Bosa, town, Sardinia. Bosc, Louis Augustine Guillaume, French naturalist. Boscan, Juan, Spanish poet. Boscawen, Edward, British admiral. Boscovich, Roger Joseph, Italian mathematician. Bosna Serai, town, Europe in Turkey. Bosnia, province, Turkey. Bosphorus, strait. Bossi, Giuseppe, Italian painter and critic. Bossi, Giuseppe Carlo Aurelio, Baron de, Italian poet. Bossu, René le, French critic. Bossuet, Jacques Benigne, French ecclesiastic and orator. Boston, town, England. Boston, town, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Boston, Thomas, Scottish divine. Boswell, James, biographer of Johnson. Botany. Structural Elements of Plants. Cells and Vessels—Cellular and Vascular Tissue. Integumentary System. Organs of Plants. Organs of Nutrition. ... Explanation of the Plates. Botany Bay, settlement, New South Wales. Bothnia, province, Sweden. Bothnia, Gulf of. Bothwell, village, Scotland. Bothwell, Earl of. Botta, Carlo Giuseppe Gulgielmo, Italian historian. Botticelli, Sandro, Italian painter. Böttinger, Karl August, German archæologist. Bottle. Bottomry, maritime contract. Botzen, town, Austria. Bouches-du-Rhone, department, France. Boufarik, town, Algeria. Bouflers, Duc de, marshal of France. Bougainville, Louis Antoine de, French circumnavigator. Bougie, town, Algeria. Bouguer, Pierre, French mathematician. Bouhours, Dominique, French critic. Bouillon, Godfrey de, crusader. Boulainvilliers, Henri de, French writer. Boulogne-sur-Mer, town, France. Boulton, Matthew, English engineer. Bourbon, House of. Bourbon (Réunion, q.v.), island, Indian Ocean. Bourbon-l’Archambault, town, France. Bourbon-Vendée (La Roche sur Yon, q.v.). Bourbonne-les-Bains, town, France. Bourchier, John, English writer. Bourdaloue, Louis, French preacher. Bourg, town, France. Bourgas, town, Turkey. Bourgelat, Claude, French veterinarian. Bourges, town, France. Bourignon, Antoinette, French enthusiast. Bourne, Vincent, English writer of Latin verse. Bournemouth, town, Hampshire. Bourrienne, Louis A. F. de, biographer of Napoleon I. Boursault, Edmund, French satirist. Boussa, town, Africa. Bouterwek, Friedrich, German philosopher. Bovali, town, Loango, Africa. Boves, township, Italy. Bovino, town, Italy. Bow and Arrows (See Archery and Arms and Armour). Bowdich, Thomas Edward, English traveller. Bowditch, Nathaniel, American mathematician. Bowles, Caroline Ann (Mrs Southey, q.v.), English poetess. Bowles, William Lisle, English poet. Bowls, game. Bowring, Sir John, English writer. Boxwood. Boyaca, town, Colombia. Boyce (Boece, q.v.), Hector, Scottish historian. Boyce, William, English musical composer. Boyd, Zachary, Scottish clergyman. Boydell, John, English engraver. Boyer, Abel, English writer. Boyer, Alexis, French surgeon. Boyer, Jean Baptiste, French physician. Boyer, Jean Pierre, president of Hayti. Boyle, Charles, earl of Orrery. Boyle, John, earl of Cork and Orrery. Boyle, Richard, earl of Cork. Boyle, Richard, earl of Cork and Burlington. Boyle, Robert, British physicist. Boyle, Roger, earl of Orrery, soldier and statesman. Boyne, river, Ireland. Boyse, John, translator of English Bible. Bozrah, Scripture cities. Bozzaris, Marcos, Greek patriot. | Bra, town, Italy. Brabant, district and province, Netherlands & Belgium. Bracciolini, Francesco, Italian poet. Bracciolini, Gian Francesco Poggio (q.v.), Italian humanist. Bracelet. Brachiopoda, class of invertebrate animals. Brachylogus, book of Roman law. Bracton, Henry de, English jurist. Bradford, town, Yorkshire, England. Bradford, John, English martyr. Bradley, James, British astronomer. Bradshaw, Henry, English poet. Bradshaw, John, judge of Charles I. Bradwardin, Thomas, archbishop of Canterbury. Brady, Nicholas, translator of the Psalms. Braga, town, Portugal. Bragança, or Braganza, town, Portugal. Braham, John, English vocalist and composer. Brahé, Tycho, Danish astronomer. Brahma Samaj, theistic church, India. Brahmanism. Brahmaputra, river, Tibet and India. Brain, The human (See Anatomy, Physiology, Psychology, & Mental Diseases). Brainerd, David, missionary to American Indians. Braintree, town, England. Brake, town, Germany. Brake. Bramah, Joseph, English machinist. Bramante, Lazzari, Italian architect and painter. Bramantino (Bartolommeo Suardi, q.v.), Italian painter. Brambanan, Hindu ruins, Java. Brande, William Thomas, English chemist. Brandenburg, province & town, Prussia. Brandis, Christian August, German writer. Brandt, Sebastian, German satirist. Brandy, spirituous liquor. Brantford, town, Canada. Brantôme, Seigneur de, French historian. Brasidas, Spartan general. Brass, alloy of copper and zinc. Brasses, Monumental. Brassey, Thomas, English railway contractor. Braunsberg, town, Prussia. Bray, town, Ireland. Bray, Sir Reginald, English architect. Bray, Dr Thomas, missionary to American Indians. Brazil. Brazil, Island of. Brazil Nut. Brazil Wood. Brazza, island, Adriatic Sea. Bread, Manufacture of (See Baking). Bread Fruit. Breakwater. Brechin, town, Scotland. Brecon, or Brecknock, county, Wales. Breda, town, Holland. Breda, Jan van, Dutch painter. Bredow, Gabriel Gottfried, German historian. Breeds and Breeding. Bregentz, or Bregenz, town, Tyrol, Austria. Brehon Law, ancient Irish law. Breislak, Scipione, Italian geologist. Bremen, free town, Germany. Bremer, Fredrika, Swedish novelist. Bremerhaven, town, Germany. Brennus, Celtic kings. Brentano, Clemens, German writer. Brentford, town, England. Brescia, province & town, Italy. Breslau, town, Prussian Silesia. Brest, town, France. Brest-Litovsk, town, Russia. Bretagne (Brittany, q.v.), province, France. Bretschneider, Karl Gottlieb, German scholar. Breughel, Jan, Flemish painter. Breughel, Peeter, Flemish caricaturist. Breviarium Alaricanum, Roman law. Breviary, church service book. Brewing. Brewster, Sir David, Scottish physicist. Briançon, town, France. Briansk, town, Russia. Briareus, in Greek mythology. Bribery. Brick. Bridaine, Jacques, French preacher. Bridgenorth, or Bridgnorth, town, England. Bridgeport, town, Connecticut, U.S.A. Bridges. Strength and other Properties of Materials employed in Bridges. Beams or Girders. ... Index of Principal Subjects. Index of References to Bridges. List of Tables. Bridget, St, of Ireland. Bridget, St, of Sweden. Bridgetown, town, Barbados (q.v.). Bridgewater, or Bridgwater, town, England. Bridgewater,Third Duke of. Bridgewater, Eighth Earl of. Bridlington, town, England. Bridport, town, England. Brieg, town, Prussia. Briel, or Brielle, town, Holland. Brigade, subdivision of an army. Brigade-Major. Brigadier. Briggs, Henry, English mathematician. Brighton, town, England. Bright’s Disease. Brignoles, town, France. Bril, Paul, Flemish painter. Brindisi, town, Italy. Brindley, James, English engineer. Brioude, town, France. Brisbane, town, Queensland. Brisbane, Sir Thomas M., astronomer. Brisson, Mathurin Jacques, French naturalist. Brissot, Jean Pierre, Girondist. Bristol, town, England. Bristol, town, Rhode Island, U.S.A. Britannia. Britannicus, son of the Roman emperor Claudius. Brittany, province, France. Britton, summary of early English law. Britton, John, English antiquary. Brives-la-Gaillarde, town, France. Brixen, town, Tyrol. Brixham, town, England. Broach, district and town, India. Broadstairs, town, England. Brocchi, Giovanni Battista, Italian geologist. Brockhaus, Friedrich Arnold, German publisher. Brocklesby, Richard, English physician. Broderip, William John, English naturalist. Brodie, Sir Benjamin Collins, English surgeon. Brody, town, Austria. Broglie, Achille L. V. C., Duc de, French statesman. Broker, intermediate agent. Bromberg, town, Prussia. Brome, Alexander, English poet. Brome, Richard, English dramatist. Bromine, chemical element. Bromley, town, England. Bromsgrove, town, England. Bronchitis, disease. Bröndsted, Peter Oluf, Danish archæologist. Brongniart, Alexandre, French mineralogist. Bronte, town, Sicily. Bronte, Charlotte, English novelist. Bronze, alloy of copper and tin. Greek and Roman Bronze. Brooch, ornamental pin. Brooke, Francis, English novelist. Brooke, Henry, English writer. Brooke, Sir James, rajah of Sarawak. Brookes, Joshua, English anatomist. Brooklyn, town, New York, U.S.A. Brooks, Charles Shirley, English writer. Broome, William, English writer. Broseley, town, England. Brosses, Charles de, French writer. Brougham, Lord, lord chancellor of England. Broughton, Hugh, English divine. Broughton, Thomas, English divine. Broughton, J. Cam Hobhouse, Lord, English statesman. Broukhusius, Jan, Dutch scholar. Broussa, town, Asiatic Turkey. Broussais, François Joseph Victor, French anatomist. Broussonet, Pierre Marie Auguste, French naturalist. Brouwer, Adrian, Dutch painter. Brown, Charles Brockden, American novelist. Brown, John, English divine. Brown, John, of Haddington, Scottish divine. Brown, John, Scottish physician. Brown, John, Scottish divine. Brown, John, American abolitionist. Brown, or Browne, Robert, founder of the Brownist sect. Brown, Robert, Scottish botanist. Brown, Samuel, chemist, poet, and essayist. Brown, Thomas, English humorist. Brown, Thomas, Scottish psychologist. Brown, Ulysses Maximilian, imperial general. Brown, William Laurence, Scottish theologian. Browne, Charles Farrar (Artemus Ward), American humorist. Browne, Isaac Hawkins, English poet. Browne, Peter, bishop of Cork, theologian. Browne, James, Scottish litterateur. Browne, Sir Thomas, English moralist. Browne, William, English pastoral poet. Browne, William George, English traveller. Browning, Elizabeth Barrett, English poetess. Brownists, religious sect. Bruce, James, African traveller. Bruce, Michael, Scottish poet. Bruce, Robert, or The Bruce, king of Scotland (See Scotland). Bruchsal, town, Germany. Bruck, two towns, Austria. Brückenau, town, Bavaria. Brucker, James, German philosophical writer. Bruges, or Brugge, town, Belgium. Brumath, or Brumpt, town, German Alsace. Brunck, Richard François Philippe, French scholar. Brundisium, or Brundusium (Brindisi, q.v.), ancient town, Italy. Brunel, Isambard Kingdom, English engineer. Brunel, Sir Marc Isambard, engineer and architect. Brunelleschi, Filippo, Italian architect. Brunet, Jacques Charles, French bibliographer. Bruni, Leonardo, Italian scholar. Brünn, town, Moravia. Bruno, St, founder of the Carthusians. Bruno, Giordano, Italian philosopher. Brunswick, duchy, Germany. Brunswick, town, Maine, U.S.A. Brunton, Mrs Mary, Scottish novelist. Brushes and Brooms. Brussels, capital of Belgium. Bruton, town, England. Brutus, Roman family. Brutus, or Brute, fabulous king of Britain. Brux, town, Bohemia. Bruyère, Jean de la (See La Bruyère), French moralist. Bryant, Jacob, English writer. Bryaxis, Greek sculptor. Brydges, Sir Samuel Egerton, English writer. Brzezany, town, Austria. | Bubastis, Egyptian goddess. Buccaneers, piratical adventurers. Buccari, town, Hungary. Buccino, town, Italy. Bucer, Martin, German Reformer. Buch, Leopold von, German geologist. Buchanan, George, Scottish scholar. Buchanan, James, president, United States. Bucharest, town, Roumania. Buchez, Philippe Joseph Benjamin, French writer. Buchu Leaves, drug. Bückeburg, town, Germany. Buckingham, county, England. Buckingham, George Villiers, first duke of. Buckingham, George Villiers, second duke of. Buckinghamshire, John Sheffield, duke of. Buckland, William, dean of Westminster, geologist. Buckle, Henry Thomas, English historian. Buckwheat, edible plant. Buda, town, Hungary. Budæus, Gulielmus, French writer. Budaun, district, India. Buddæus, John Francis, Lutheran divine. Buddhism, Asiatic religion. Part I.—The Life of Gautama Buddha. Part II.—Early Buddhism. Part III.—Later Buddhism. Budgel, Estace, English writer. Budget, financial statement. Budweis, town, Bohemia. Buenos Ayres, province and town, Argentine Republic. Buffalo, genus of ruminant mammals. Buffalo, town, New York, U.S.A. Buffier, Claude, French philosophical writer. Buffon, George Louis Leclerc, Comte de, French naturalist. Bug, insect. Bugenhagen, Johann, German Reformer. Bugulma, town, Russia. Buguruslan, town, Russia. Buhle, Johann Gottlieb, German scholar. Buhl-work. Building. General Principles of Construction. ... Index of Principal Subjects. Building Societies. Buitenzorg, town, Java. Bujalance, town, Spain. Bukowina, duchy, Austria. Bulacan, town, Luzon, Philippine Islands. Bulandshahr, district, India. Bulgaria, province of European Turkey. Bulgarin, Thaddäus, Russian writer. Bulgarus, Italian jurist. Bull, papal letter (Bulls and Briefs, q.v.). Bull, George, bishop of St David’s. Bull, John, English composer and organist. Bulla, ornament and seal. Bullfinch, bird. Bullinger, Heinrich, Swiss Reformer. Bullion. Bulls and Briefs, Papal. Bülow, Friedrich Wilhelm, Prussian general. Bulwer, Sir Henry, Lord Dalling. Bulwer Lytton, E. G. F. L. (Lord Lytton), English novelist. Bundelkhand, or Bundeleund, district, India. Bundi, Rajput state, India. Bunker Hill, U.S.A., Battle of (1775). Bunsen, Christian Charles Josias, Baron von. Bunting, bird. Bunting, Jabez, Wesleyan divine. Bunyan, John, Puritan divine. Bunzlau, town, Prussia. Bunzlau, town, Bohemia. Buonafede, Appiano, Italian philosophical writer. Buonarroti, Michelangelo (Michel Angelo, q.v.), Italian painter and sculptor. Buoy, floating signal. Bupalus and Athenis, Greek sculptors. Buphonia, Greek religious festival. Burckhardt, John Ludwig, Swiss traveller. Burder, George, author of Village Sermons. Burdett, Sir Francis, English politician. Burg, town, Prussia. Burgage, form of tenure. Burgdorf, town, Switzerland. Bürger, Gottfried August, German poet. Burgersdyk, Francis, Dutch logician. Burgess, Daniel, English Dissenting divine. Burgess, Thomas, bishop of Salisbury. Burghley, Lord (William Cecil, q.v.), minister of Queen Elizabeth. Burgkmair, Hans, German engraver. Burglary, crime. Burgos, province, Spain. Burgoyne, John, British general. Burgoyne, Sir John Fox, British field-marshal. Burgundio, Italian jurist. Burgundy, duchy and province, France. Burhanpur, town, India. Burial and Burial Acts. Burial Rites (See Funeral). Buriats, Mongolian race. Buridan, Jean, French philosopher. Burke, Edmund, British statesman and writer. Burke, Robert O’Hara, Australian explorer. Burlamaqui, Jean Jacques, Swiss philosopher. Burlington, town, Vermont, U.S.A. Burlington, town, New Jersey, U.S.A. Burlington, town, Iowa, U.S.A. Burmah, empire, Asia. Burmah, British. Burmann, Pieter, Dutch scholar. Burnes, Sir Alexander, traveller, Central Asia. Burnet, Gilbert, bishop of Salisbury, historian. Burnet, Thomas, English writer. Burnett, James (Monboddo, Lord, q.v.), Scottish philosopher. Burney, Charles, English writer on music. Burney, Charles, English scholar. Burney, Frances (Madame D’Arblay, q.v.), English authoress. Burnley, town, England. Burnouf, Eugène, French Orientalist. Burnouf, Jean Louis, French scholar. Burns, Robert, Scottish poet. Burntisland, town, Scotland. Burslem, town, England. Burton, Robert, English moralist. Burton-on-Trent, town, England. Burtscheid, town, Prussia. Buru, island, Indian Archipelago. Bury, town, England. Bury, Richard de (Aungervyle, q.v.). Bury St Edmonds, town, England. Busbecq, Augier Ghislen de, Flemish traveller. Busby, Richard, headmaster of Westminster School. Busca, town, Italy. Büsching, Anton Friedrich, German geographer. Bushire, or Bushair, town, Persia. Bushmen, African race. Bushnell, Horace, American theologian. Busiris, mythical Egyptian king. Busiris, ancient town, Egypt. Bussorah, or Basra, town, Asiatic Turkey. Bustard, bird. Busto Arsizio, town, Italy. Butades, Greek potter. Butcher-Bird. Bute, county, Scotland. Bute, Earl of (John Stuart), English statesman. Butler, Alban, author of Lives of the Saints. Butler, Charles, English writer. Butler, James, twelfth earl (first duke) of Ormonde (q.v.). Butler, Joseph, bishop of Durham. Butler, Samuel, author of Hudibras. Butler, William Archer, Irish philosophical writer. Buto, Egyptian goddess. Butrinto, town, Albania. Butter. Butterflies and Moths, group of insects. Buttmann, Philipp Karl, German philologist. Button, and button making. Buxton, town, England. Buxton, Jedidiah, arithmetical prodigy. Buxton, Sir Thomas Fowell, English philanthropist. Buxtorf, John (d. 1629), German Hebraist. Buxtorf, John (d. 1664), Hebraist. Buzzard, bird. Byng, George, Viscount Torrington, admiral. Byng, John, British admiral. Bynkershoek, Cornelius van, Dutch jurist. Byrom, John, English poet. Byron, Lord, English poet. Byron, John, English poet. Byström, Johann Nicolaus, Swedish sculptor. Byzantine Empire (Greek Empire, q.v.). Byzantine Historians. Byzantium. | C, the third letter of the alphabet. Caaba (Kaba, q.v.), sacred stone, Mecca. Cabagan, town, Luzon, Philippine Islands. Cabanis, Pierre Jean George, French physiologist. Cabarrus, François, Spanish financier. Cabatuan, town, Philippine Islands. Cabazera, town, Philippine Islands. Cabbage. Cabbala, or Kabbalah (q.v.), Jewish theosophy. Cabenda, vegetable. Cabet, Étienne, French communist. Cabeza del Buey, town, Spain. Cabinet, The British. Cabiri, in mythology. Cable, for ship. Cabot, Sebastian, English navigator. Cabra, town, Spain. Cabul, town and province, Afghanistan. Cacao (Cocoa, q.v.), tree and fruit. Caceres, town, Spain. Cachao, town, Anam. Cacheo, or Cachao, town, West Africa. Cachoeira, town, Brazil. Cacongo, or Kakongo, kingdom, West Africa. Cactus, group of plants. Cadahalso, José de, Spanish poet. Cadiz, town, Spain. Cadmium, chemical element. Cadmus, in Greek legend. Caduceus, Greek symbol of herald’s office. Cædmon, Anglo-Saxon poet. Caen, town, France. Cære, ancient town, Etruria. Caerleon, town, Monmouth, England. Caermarthen (Carmarthen, q.v.), county and town, Wales. Caernarvon (Carnarvon, q.v.), county and town, Wales. Cæsalpinus, Andreas, Italian natural philosopher. Cæsar, Caius Julius, Roman dictator. Cæsar, Sir Julius, English scholar. Cæsarea, towns, Palestine. Cæsarea, town, Cappadocia, Asia Minor. Caffraria, Caffres (Kaffraria, Kaffres, q.v.). Cagli, town, Italy. Cagliari, town, Sardinia. Cagliari, Paolo (Veronese, q.v.), Italian painter. Cagliostro, Alessandro, Count, charlatan. Cagnola, Luigi, Marquis, Italian architect. Cagots, race of people, France and Spain. Cahors, town, France. Caille, Nicolas Louis de la (See La Caille). Caillié, or Caillé, René, French African traveller. Cain, of Scripture. Cairn, pile of stones. Cairnes, John Elliott, political economist. Cairngorm, mountain, Scotland. Cairo, town, Egypt. Caisson, in engineering. Caithness, county, Scotland. Caius, John, founder of Caius College, Cambridge. Cajazzo, town, Italy. Cajeput Oil. Cajetan, Cardinal, papal legate to Germany. Calabar, country, West Africa. Calabar Bean, poisonous plant. Calabozo, town, Venezuela. Calabria, district, Italy. Calahorra, town, Spain. Calais, town, France. Calamis, Greek sculptor (See Archæology). Calamy, Edmund, Nonconformist divine (d. 1666). Calamy, Edmund, Nonconformist divine (d. 1732). Calas, Jean, French Protestant. Calasio, Mario de, Italian Biblical scholar. Calatafimi, town, Sicily. Calatayud, town, Spain. Calcar, John de, German painter. Calc-spar, mineral. Calchas, Greek soothsayer. Calculating Machines. Calculus, Infinitesimal (Differential and Integral Calculus, q.v.). Calcutta, capital of India. The Port of Calcutta. Caldani, Leopold Marco Antonio, Italian anatomist. Calder, Sir Robert, British admiral. Calderon de la Barca, Pedro, Spanish dramatist. Calderwood, David, Scottish historian. Caledonia, ancient Northern Britain. Calenberg, principality, Hanover. Calendar. Day. Week. Month. Year. Ecclesiastical Calendar. Hebrew Calendar. Mahometan Calendar. Calender, machine for dressing cloth. Calepino, Ambrogio, Italian lexicographer. Calhoun, John Caldwell, American politician and orator. Calico-Printing. Dye Colours. Oxidation Colours. Steam Colours. Spirit Colours. Calicut, town, India. California, State, U.S.A. Caligula, Caius Cæsar, Roman emperor. Caliph, Mohammedan sovereign. Calisthenics (See Gymnastics), gymnastic exercises. Calitri, town, Italy. Calixtus, or Callistus, popes. Calixtus, Georgius, Lutheran divine. Callao, town, Peru. Callcott, Sir Augustus Wall, English painter. Callcott, John Wall, English composer. Callcott, Mrs Maria Graham, English writer. Callimachus, Greek poet and librarian of the Alexandrian library. Callimachus, Greek architect and statuary. Calliope, Muse of epic poetry. Callirrhoe, in Greek legend. Callisthenes, Greek philosopher. Callisto, in Greek mythology. Callistratus, Athenian orator. Callistratus, Athenian poet. Callot, Jacques, French engraver and caricaturist. Calmar, town, Sweden. Calmet, Augustine, French Biblical critic. Calmucks, or Kalmuks, people, Mongolia. Calne, town, England. Calomel, in chemistry and pharmacy. Calonne, Charles Alexandre de, French statesman. Calpurnius, Titus, Roman poet. Caltagirone, town, Sicily. Caltanisetta, town, Sicily. Calvados, department, France. Calvart, Denis, painter. Calvert, George, Lord Baltimore, English statesman. Calvi, town, Corsica. Calvin, John, Reformer. Calvisius, Sethus, German astronomer. Calydon, ancient town, Greece. Calypso, in Greek mythology. Cam, Diogo, Portuguese discoverer. Camaldulians, Camaldoli, or Camaldolites, religious order. Camarina, ancient town, Sicily. Cambacérès, Jean Jacques Regis de, French statesman. Cambaluc, or Cambalu, ancient capital of China. Cambay, town and gulf, India. Cambert, Robert, French musical composer. Cambodia, kingdom, south-eastern Asia. Camborne, town, England. Cambray, or Cambrai, town, France. Cambridge, county, England. Cambridge, town, England. Cambridge, town, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Cambyses, kings of Persia. Camden, town, New Jersey, U.S.A. Camden, town, South Carolina, U.S.A. Camden, William, English antiquary. Camden, First Earl, lord chancellor of England. Camel, ungulate mammal. Camellia, genus of plants. Cameo, engraved relief work. Camera Lucida. Camera Obscura. Camerarius, Joachim, German scholar (d. 1574). Camerarius, Joachim, German physician (d. 1598). Camerino, town, Italy. Cameron, John, Scottish theologian. Cameron, Richard, Scottish covenanter. Cameroons, mountains, Africa. Camillus and Camilla, juvenile assistants at Roman sacrifices. Camillus, Marcus Furius, Roman dictator. Camisards, French insurgents. Camoens, or Camões, Luiz de, Portuguese poet. Camp, Roman. Campagna, town, Italy. Campagna di Roma, district, Italy. Campan, Jeanne Louise Henriette, French writer. Campanella, Tomaso, Italian philosopher. Campania, ancient province, Italy. Campani-Alimenis, Matteo, Italian mechanician. Campanile, bell-tower. Campbell, Sir Colin, Lord Clyde (q.v.), British general. Campbell, George, Scottish theologian and critic. Campbell, John, Scottish historian. Campbell, Thomas, English poet. Campbell, Lord, lord chancellor of England. Campbeltown, town, Scotland. Campe, Joachim Heinrich, German educationist. Campeggio, Lorenzo, cardinal. Camper, Peter, Dutch anatomist. Camphor, aromatic substance. Camophuysen, Dirk Rafaelsz, Dutch painter. Campi, Bernardino, Italian painter. Campi, Giulio, Italian painter. Campian, Edmund, English Jesuit. Campli, town, Italy. Campobasso, town, Italy. Campobello, town, Sicily. Campobello di Licata, town, Sicily. Campomanes, Pedro Rodriguez, Conde de, Spanish statesman and economist. Camuccini, Vincenzo, Italian painter. Camus, Charles Étienne Louis, French mathematician. Cana, of Galilee, Palestine. Canaan, geographical name. Canaanites, people of Phœnicia and Palestine. Canada, The Dominion of. Canal. Canal, or Canaletto, Antonio. Canandaigua, town, New York, U.S.A. Cananore (Kananore, q.v.). Canara (Kanara, q.v.), districts, India. Canary-Bird. Canary Islands, North Atlantic. Cancao, or Cancar, town, Cambodia. Cancer, disease. Cancrin, Franz Ludwig von, German mineralogist. Candahar (Kandahar, q.v.), town, Afghanistan. Candalabrum, ancient lamp-stand. Candeish (Khandesh, q.v.), district, India. Candia (Crete, q.v.), island, European Turkey. Candia, town, Crete. Candiac, Jean Louis, precocious French child. Candle, and candle-making. Candlemas, church festival. Candlestick. Candlish, Robert Smith, Scottish divine. Candolle, Augustin Pyramus de (See De Candolle). Cane, variety of plants. Canea, town, Crete. Canephori, in Greek festival processions. Canga-Arguelles, José, Spanish statesman. Cangiagio, Luigi (Luchetto da Genova), Italian painter. Canicatti, town, Sicily. Canini, Giovanni Agnolo, Italian engraver. Canitz, Baron von, German poet. Cannæ, ancient town, Italy. Cannes, town, France. Cannibalism. Canning, George, English statesman. Canning, Earl, governor-general of India. Cannon (See Guns and Gunnery and Artillery). Cano, Alonzo, Spanish painter and sculptor. Cano, Melchior, Spanish bishop. Canoe, kind of boat. |