# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Fictitious Entries

These are entries which have been determined to be fictitious by verifiable sources. Superscripts for each fictitious entry identifies which sources list the name as fictitious. See the list of sources at the bottom of this page.
| | Fictitious Entries | Fictitious Entries | |
| H | V | A-G, I-L | M-U, W-Z |
| Harmand, Louis Gustave$^c$ Henrion, Nicolas$^c$ Herauld, André$^c$ Herbette, André Paul$^c$ Hermstaedt, Nicholas Piet$^c$ Hernandez, Vicente$^c$ Herrera, Miguel da Fonseca e Silva$^c$ Hjorn, Oscar$^c$ Horne, Antoine$^{c,e}$ Houdetot, François Lauriot de$^c$ Huden, Lucas Van$^c$ Huet de Navarre$^c$ Hühne, Bernhard$^c$ Huon de Penanster, Charles Henry$^c$ Huss, Magnus$^c$ | Verden, Karl von$^{c,e}$ Verdugo, Vicente$^{c,e}$ Vergara y Zamoral, Diego$^e$ Verhuen, Jacobus$^{c,e}$ Veuillot, Désiré$^c$ Viana, Miguel Pereira$^c$ Vicente y Bennazar, Andres$^c$ Vigier, George$^c$ Villadarias, Manoel Duarte Caldeiras Centenera de$^c$ Villiers, Jean Pierre$^c$ Vilmot, Charles Stanislas$^c$ Vivier, Jacques du$^{a,c}$ Vogué, Jean Pierre de$^c$ Voisin, Charles Antoine$^{c,e}$ Voisin, Pierre Joseph$^c$ Voiture, Nicolas Auguste$^{c,f}$ | Ferrer, Rafael$^e$ Iff, Simon van$^d$ Ignacio, José de Jesu Maria$^e$ Igné-Chivré, Barthelemy$^e$ Igolino, Giuseppe$^{a,c,d}$ Illiers, Henry Louis, Comte d'$^d$ Imhoffer, Gustave M.$^{d,e}$ Ingenhous, Jean Simon$^e$ Ingulf von Köln, Rudolf$^f$ Iselin, Jacob Christian$^d$ Isoart, Louis$^e$ Issertieux, Dieudonné Gabriel Yves, Comte d'$^d$ Jansen, Olaüs$^d$ Jarava, Manuel$^e$ Jargue, Francisco$^e$ Jaubert, Edouard E.$^e$ Jauregui y Aguilar, Domingo$^e$ Jose de Santa Teresa$^e$ Joubert, Antoine H.$^e$ Jouffroy, Gabriel$^e$ Kehr, Gustav Herman$^{a,c}$ Kerckhove, Lorenz Wenceslas$^{a,c,f}$ Kjoeping, Oläus$^{a,c}$ Klein, Gustav Frederic$^e$ Klüber, Melchior$^c$ Koehler, Alexander Daniel$^{a,c}$ La Borde$^e$ Lottenschiold, Mathias$^e$ Lotter, Frederic August$^{a,c}$ | Menacho, Juan Perez$^e$ Meyer, Bernhard$^e$ Mimeure, Victor Emmanuel$^e$ Monteil, Nicolas Antoine$^c$ Moraud, Dieudonné$^e$ Mortier, Édouard Louis$^{a,c}$ Mouraille, Theodore$^e$ Nascher, Friedrich Wilhelm$^{a,c}$ Neé, Isidore Charles Sigismond$^{a,c}$ Orlando, Giuseppe$^e$ Ormond, Cesar$^e$ Oudin, Christian Jules$^e$ Percheron, Etienne$^e$ Pereira, Antonio$^e$ Perret, Jacques$^e$ Quentin, Charles H.$^e$ Ramée, Stanislas Henri de la$^{a,c}$ Renaud, Pierre F.$^e$ Sa, Simao Pereira de$^e$ Sibiel, Alexander$^e$ Solis y Rivadeneyra, Antonio$^e$ Soulabie, Louis F.$^e$ Sylvie, Édouard$^{a,c}$ Tapin, Richard$^c$ Thibaudin, Gaston Louis$^{a,c}$ Uffenbach, Bernard von$^e$ Urfe, Louis Edouard d'$^e$ Wallerton, Charles Louis Auguste$^{a,c}$ Wallon, Louis F.$^e$ Watteau, Boudoin Louis$^c$ Zapata, Juan Ortiz de$^e$ Zénon de Rouvroy, Charles-Albert$^f$ |
| Sources for names of fictitious entries. a.  Barnhart, John Hendley. "Some Fictitious Botanists." Journal of the New York Botanical Garden 20 (September 1919): 171-81. (This lists 14, and is at Google Books.) b.  O'Brien, Frank M. "The Wayward Encyclopedias", New Yorker, XII (May 2, 1936), pp. 71-74. (This is a summary of Barnhart's article.) c.  Schindler, Margaret Castle. "Fictitious Biography." American Historical Review 42 (1937), pp. 680-90. (This lists 47, including the 14 from Barnhart's article.) d.  Dobson, John Blythe. "The Spurious Articles in Appleton's Cyclopaedia of American Biography—Some New Discoveries and Considerations." Biography 16(4) 1993: 388-408. (This lists 4 in "I" - Iff, Illiers, Iselin and Issertieux - and Jansen, who had not been detected previously.) e.  Zorn, George, S.J. Woodstock Letters Index: Volumes 1-80 (1872-1951), Woodstock, Maryland: Woodstock College Press, 1960. Visited 13 October 2011. Search on "phantom Jesuit" or "Appleton's". (This lists 43, including 4 from Schindler's article. It also lists Vergara y Zamoral, who was not detected by Schindler.) f. Williams, Kelsey Jackson, Appletons' Cyclopeadia And A Mysterious Literary Hoax. (This lists Ingulf von Köln, who had been listed as suspicious by Dobson, and Zénon de Rouvroy, who had not been detected previously). ||||