# Mars (Lowell)

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Plate I
MARS SINUS TITANIUM November, 1894
Lowell Observatory Flagstaff, A.T. 1894
TO
PROFESSOR WILLIAM EDWARD STORY
SOMETIME AT FLAGSTAFF HIMSELF
THIS NEWS FROM A NEIGHBOR
IS INSCRIBED
PREFACE
This book is the result of a special study of the planet made during the last opposition, at an observatory put up for the purpose of getting as good air as practicable, at Flagstaff, Arizona. A steady atmosphere is essential to the study of planetary detail: size of instrument being a very secondary matter. A large instrument in poor air will not begin to show what a smaller one in good air will. When this is recognized, as it eventually will be, it will become the fashion to put up observatories where they may see rather than be seen.
Next to atmosphere comes systematic study. Of the extent to which this was realized at Flagstaff, I need only say that the planet was observed there from May 24, 1894, to April 3, 1895, during which time, to mention nothing else, 917 drawings and sketches were made of it. Prof. W. H. Pickering and Mr. A. E. ​Douglass were associated with me in the observations herein described.
Such as care to see the original data more technically and minutely treated will find them in the first volume of the Annals of this observatory.
    Lowell Observatory,
       November, 1895.
CONTENTS
| CHAPTER | CHAPTER | PAGE |
| I. | General Characteristics | 1 |
| | 1. As a Star | 1 |
| | 2. Orbit | 8 |
| | 3. Size and Shape | 14 |
| II. | Atmosphere | 31 |
| | 1. Evidence of it | 31 |
| | 2. Clouds | 60 |
| III. | Water | 76 |
| | 1. The Polar Cap | 76 |
| | 2. Areography | 92 |
| | 3. Seas | 107 |
| IV. | Canals | 129 |
| | 1. First Appearances | 129 |
| | 2. Map and Catalogue | 141 |
| | 3. Artificiality | 148 |
| | 4. Development | 154 |
| V. | Oases | 176 |
| | 1. Spots in the Light Regions | 176 |
| | 2. Double Canals | 188 |
| | 3. Spots in the Dark Regions | 197 |
| VI. | Conclusion | 201 |
| Appendix | Appendix | 213 |
| Index | Index | 223 |
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
| PLATE | | | PAGE |
| I. | Mars, Sinus Titanum | Colored Frontispiece. | |
| | November, 1894. | (P. L.) | |
| | Orbits of Mars and the Earth | Orbits of Mars and the Earth | 11 |
| | Huyghens' Drawing of the Syrtis Major | Huyghens' Drawing of the Syrtis Major | 21 |
| | November 28, 1659. | | |
| | (From Flammarion’s “La Planète Mars.”) | (From Flammarion’s “La Planète Mars.”) |
| | Terminator Effects | Terminator Effects | 38 |
| | | (P. L.) | |
| II. | Map of the South Pole of Mars | Map of the South Pole of Mars | 84 |
| | Showing the Polar Cap and its Changes in 1894. | | |
| | | (P. L.) | |
| III. | Mars, Longitude 0° on the Meridian | Mars, Longitude 0° on the Meridian | 96 |
| | | (P. L.) | |
| IV. | Mars, Longitude 30° on the Meridian | Mars, Longitude 30° on the Meridian | 97 |
| | | (P. L.) | |
| V. | Mars, Longitude 60° on the Meridian | Mars, Longitude 60° on the Meridian | 99 |
| | | (P. L.) | |
| VI. | Mars, Longitude 90° on the Meridian | Mars, Longitude 90° on the Meridian | 100 |
| | | (P. L.) | |
| VII. | Mars, Longitude 120° on the Meridian | Mars, Longitude 120° on the Meridian | 101 |
| | | (P. L.) | |
| VIII. | Mars, Longitude 150° on the Meridian | Mars, Longitude 150° on the Meridian | 102 |
| | | (P. L.) | |
| IX. | Mars, Longitude 180° on the Meridian | Mars, Longitude 180° on the Meridian | 103 |
| | | (P. L.) | |
| X. | Mars, Longitude 210° on the Meridian | Mars, Longitude 210° on the Meridian | 104 |
| | | (P. L.) | |
| XI. | Mars, Longitude 240° on the Meridian | Mars, Longitude 240° on the Meridian | 105 |
| | | (P. L.) | ​ |
| XII. | Mars, Longitude 270° on the Meridian | Mars, Longitude 270° on the Meridian | 105 |
| | | (P. L.) | |
| XIII. | Mars, Longitude 300° on the Meridian | Mars, Longitude 300° on the Meridian | 106 |
| | | (P. L.) | |
| XIV. | Mars, Longitude 330° on the Meridian | Mars, Longitude 330° on the Meridian | 107 |
| | | (P. L.) | |
| XV. | Syrtis Major | Syrtis Major | 111 |
| | Showing Seasonal Change during 1894. | (P. L.) | |
| XVI. | Hesperia | Hesperia | 116 |
| | Showing Seasonal Change during 1894. | (P. L.) | |
| XVII. | Sea of the Sirens | Sea of the Sirens | 122 |
| | Showing Seasonal Change during 1894. | (P. L.) | |
| XVIII. | Fastigium Aryn | Fastigium Aryn | 138 |
| | October, 1894. | (P. L.) | |
| XIX. | Lacus Phoenicis | Lacus Phoenicis | 162 |
| | November, 1894. | (P. L.) | |
| XX. | Terminator Views | Terminator Views | 170 |
| | August 24, 1894. | (W. H. P.) | |
| XXI. | Drawings after Opposition (except one) | Drawings after Opposition (except one) | 171 |
| | | (A. E. D.) | |
| XXII. | Drawings after Opposition | Drawings after Opposition | 173 |
| | | (A. E. D.) | |
| XXIII. | Phison and Euphrates | Phison and Euphrates | 194 |
| | Both Double, November 18, 1894. | (P. L.) | |
| XXIV. | Mars, on Mercator's Projection | Mars, on Mercator's Projection | 218 |
| | | (P. L.) | |
| XXV. | Drawings of the Planet in 1894 | Drawings of the Planet in 1894 | 202 |
| | | (P. L.) | |
| XXVI. | Drawings of the Planet in 1894 | Drawings of the Planet in 1894 | 208 |
| | | (P. L.) | |
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
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