OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Fugitive

Edition of 1879. See also Fugitive slave laws on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
FUGITIVE (Lat. fugire, to flee), literally, one who flees away. Under this head might be considered two classes of cases: 1, that of
fugitives from justice, by which is meant those who flee from one jurisdiction to another to escape prosecution or punishment for crime (see Extradition); 2, that of persons fleeing to avoid compulsory labor for others. It was one of the compromises of the constitution of the United States that “no person held to service or labor in one state, under the laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in consequence of any law or regulation therein, be discharged from such service or labor, but shall be delivered up on claim of the party to whom such service or labor may be due.” (Art. iv., § 2.) Although the word slave was not here employed, the purpose was to provide for the reclamation of slaves fleeing from their masters; and in 1793 an act was passed by congress to give effect to the provision by means of the arrest of any person claimed as a fugitive from slavery, and his return to the state from which he was found to have fled, after a summary judicial hearing. The repugnance to the institution of slavery on the part of large numbers of people in the northern states rendered this act of little practical value, and another was passed in 1850 with more stringent provisions. Some of these were exceedingly obnoxious, especially that which gave a larger fee to the judicial officer when the person arrested was adjudged to be a slave than when decided to be free, and that which required all persons to assist when called upon in the arrest and return of the person claimed. Although many persons were remanded under this act, the hostility to slavery which was created, or at least intensified by it, probably led to the giving of assistance in a larger number of escapes than had ever been made before, and the act became of little service. A widespread organization to assist fugitives to their liberty became known popularly as the “underground railroad,” and a great many persons were aided by it. The act was repealed after the civil war broke out, and the constitutional provision became unimportant after slavery was abolished.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/François, Jean Charles

Edition of 1879. See also Jean-Charles François, Charles-Rémy-Jules François, and Alphonse François on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
FRANÇOIS. I. Jean Charles, a French engraver, born in Nancy in 1717, died in Paris in 1769. He was among the first to introduce engravings representing crayon and chalk drawings, and was pensioned by Louis XV., who employed him extensively. His best known works represent that king and his queen, Bayle, Erasmus, Locke, and Malebranche. II. Charles Remy Jules, a French engraver, born in Paris, Dec. 24, 1809. He early produced, after the manner of his master Henriquel-Dupont, admirable engravings of pictures by Vandyke and Raphael, and subsequently was exclusively employed in reproducing the paintings of Delaroche. He has resided in Brussels since 1858. — His brother Alphonse, born in Paris in 1811, excels in the same branch of art.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Frankenhausen

Edition of 1879. See also Bad Frankenhausen on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ FRANKENHAUSEN, a town of Germany, capital of one of the two sections of the principality of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen, on a branch of the Wipper, 10 m. E. of Sondershausen; pop. in 1871, about 4,900. It has salt works which furnish about 20,000 tons annually, and several manufactures.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Frankenstein

Edition of 1879. See also Ząbkowice Śląskie on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ FRANKENSTEIN, a town of Prussian Silesia, capital of a circle of the same name, 36 m. S. W. of Breslau; pop. in 1871, 7,328. It has manufactures of stockings, saltpetre, and aquafortis, and a trade in flax, yarn, and grain.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Freiligrath, Ferdinand

Edition of 1879. See also Ferdinand Freiligrath on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
FREILIGRATH, Ferdinand, a German poet, born in Detmold, June 17, 1810. He attended the gymnasium of his native city, and became a mercantile clerk at Soest, Amsterdam, and Barmen. His first productions were published in the Musenalmanach in 1833. He brought out a volume of poems in 1838, which was so
favorably received that he gave up his situation, and removed to Darmstadt. In 1842 he received from the king of Prussia a pension of $300, and removed to St. Goar on the Rhine. The liberal party, with whom he was strongly allied in sentiment, being offended at his acceptance of a royal pension, he gave it up in 1844, and in that year his Glaubensbekenntniss (“Confession of Faith”) subjected him to political persecution which drove him abroad. He went to Belgium, to Switzerland, and finally to England, where German merchants gave him employment. In 1848, on the invitation of Longfellow, he had engaged a passage to the United States, when the revolutionary movement in Germany determined him to return to his own country. He settled in Düsseldorf, and by his popular lyrics greatly increased the enthusiasm of the democratic party. His poem Die Todten an die Lebenden (“The Dead to the Living”) subjected him to indictment and prosecution by the government. He was defended by celebrated lawyers, and his trial produced an intense excitement. On his acquittal (Oct. 3, 1848) the poem was in immediate demand, numerous editions were issued, and it was circulated all over Germany. This is said to have been the first instance in Prussia of a jury trial for a political crime. Being still exposed to persecution by the government, Freiligrath returned to London in 1851, and was subjected to many trials until he became connected with the London branch of the bank of Switzerland; but the suspension of this institution in 1866 placed him again in difficulties, from which he was relieved by a national subscription taken up by his friends and admirers in Germany, which placed him in possession of a handsome income. Since 1868 he has resided at Stuttgart. During the Franco-German war he wrote numerous patriotic songs which became popular. His principal works are: Gedichte (Stuttgart, 1838; 31st ed., 1874), Die Revolution (Leipsic, 1848), and Neuere politische und sociale Gedichte (Cologne, 1849). A complete edition of his works in 6 volumes appeared in New York in 1858-'9, and in Stuttgart in 1870. Freiligrath has also been an extensive compiler and translator. Among his most important translations are portions of Shakespeare, Mrs. Hemans, and Tennyson, the whole of Burns, and Longfellow's “Hiawatha.” A selection, by his daughter, from the English translations of his poems was published in the Tauchnitz “Collection of German Authors” (Leipsic, 1869).
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Fugger

Edition of 1879. See also Fugger on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
FUGGER, the name of a German princely family, whose founder was Johannes, a weaver in Graben, near Augsburg, in the first half of the 14th century, who acquired a large property in lands by commerce in cloths. His son, of the same name, continued the occupation of weaver and cloth merchant, and obtained by marriage the right of citizenship in Augsburg. Andreas, eldest son of the latter, was known as “Fugger the Rich.” The nephews of the last, Ulrich, Georg, and Jakob, born about the middle of the 15th century, covered the Baltic with their commerce, which extended also to Hungary, Italy, and even to India, influenced the affairs of the empire by lending money to the princes, married into the most illustrious families, and were ennobled by the emperor Maximilian I. They built in Tyrol the splendid castle of Fuggerau, embellished the city of Augsburg, and found a new source of wealth by working the mines of the Inn valley. The only heirs of these three brothers were the two sons of Georg, Raimund (1489-1535) and Anton (1493-1560). The emperor Charles V. resorted to them both when pressed for money, yielded to them the privilege of coining, made them counts and princes of the empire, and was lodged in the splendid mansion of Anton when he attended the diet of Augsburg. They established at Augsburg a cabinet of antiquities, a gallery of paintings, and a botanical garden, built the church of Saint Maurice, paid 3,000 crowns to Titian for a few paintings, and collected the two largest libraries that had yet been seen in Germany. Their name was given to a street in Madrid, and “as rich as a Fugger” became a proverb. Upon the death of these two brothers the family divided into numerous lines, and its most important branches at present are the princely houses of Fugger-Kirchberg and Fugger-Babenhausen.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Fugue

Edition of 1879. See also Fugue on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
FUGUE (Lat. fuga, flight), a species of musical composition in which one voice or part seems to be perpetually flying away from another, whence the name. The principal musical thought of the piece, or the subject, having been performed by one voice or part, is taken up by another, and so on with all the voices or parts, each commencing after the others, and all performing together. The result is an endless pursuit and flight of the same theme by the different parts. Fugues are simple, double, or counter, the last being much the most complicated.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Frankfort

Edition of 1879. See also Frankfort, Kentucky on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ FRANKFORT, a city of Franklin co., Kentucky, capital of the county and state, situated on both banks of the Kentucky river, here 250 yards wide and spanned by two bridges, 62 m. above its mouth, and on the Louisville, Cincinnati, and Lexington railroad, 24 m. W. N. W. of Lexington, and 45 m. E. of Louisville; pop. in 1850, 3,308; in 1860, 3,702; in 1870, 5,396, of whom 2,335 were colored. It is built on a high plain lying between the river and a bluff 150 or 200 ft. high, and is regularly laid out, with neat-looking houses. The portion on the S. side is called South Frankfort. The surrounding country is remarkable for its picturesque scenery. On one of the hills which overlook the city is a handsome cemetery, in which are buried several of the governors and other state officers, and also the remains of Daniel Boone, the pioneer in the settlement of Kentucky. The state monument to those who fell in the war of 1812 and the Mexican war is of white Italian marble. The principal public buildings are the state house, built in 1825 of a light-colored marble quarried from the hills near by, with a handsome Ionic portico; a new structure known as the fire-proof public offices, adapted for the wing of a new capitol; the state institution for the training of feeble-minded children; the state penitentiary, with 650 convicts; a county court house, and a handsome public school building. The river is navigable by means of locks and dams for steamboats 40 m. above the city, and for flat boats 100 m. higher. Frankfort has an important trade in poplar, cherry, walnut, ash, and oak lumber, the logs being rafted down the river and shipped by rail to the east. There are two flouring mills, a cotton mill, six saw mills, five distilleries, three banks with an aggregate capital of $1,725,000, a tri-weekly and two weekly newspapers, and six churches. The city was laid out in 1787, and became the seat of government in 1792. It was occupied by the confederates for about a month in 1862.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Frankfort-on-the-Oder

Edition of 1879. See also Frankfurt (Oder) on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ FRANKFORT-ON-THE-ODER, a city of Brandenburg, Prussia, capital of a district of the same name, on the left bank of the river Oder, 45 m. E. S. E. of Berlin; pop. in 1871, 43,211. The prosperity of the town, is due to its situation on the railway between Berlin and Breslau, to its navigable river, which is connected by canals with the Vistula and the Elbe, and to its three annual fairs, at which large quantities of cotton, woollen, silk, and other goods are sold, though to a less extent than formerly. The city has three suburbs, fine streets, public squares, and gardens, a theatre, many charitable institutions, a Roman Catholic church, a synagogue, and several Protestant churches. The university was removed to Breslau in 1810; a gymnasium still remains. Beyond the wooden bridge which connects the old town on the left bank of the Oder with the suburb on the right bank is a monument to Prince Leopold of Brunswick, who was drowned here in 1785, while attempting to rescue a family during an inundation. The battle of Kunersdorf was fought within 3 m. of the town in 1759, and there is in Frankfort a monument of the poet Kleist, who died from a wound received in this battle.
# The Bibelot

Yearly anthology of English literature published by Thomas Bird Mosher.

## The Bibelot

* Volume 1 (1895)
* Volume 2 (1896)
* Volume 3 (1897)
* Volume 4 (1898)
* Volume 5 (1899)
* Volume 6 (1900)
* Volume 7 (1901)
* Volume 8 (1902)
* Volume 9 (1903)
* Volume 10 (1904)
* Volume 11 (1905)
* Volume 12 (1906)
* Volume 13 (1907)
* Volume 14 (1908)
* Volume 15 (1909) (transcription project)
* Volume 16 (1910)
* Volume 17 (1911)
* Volume 18 (1912)
* Volume 19 (1913)
* Volume 20 (1914)
* Volume 21 (1915, index)
# The Bible is an antique Volume—

The Bible is an antique Volume — Written by faded men At the suggestion of Holy Spectres — Subjects — Bethlehem — Eden — the ancient Homestead — Satan — the Brigadier — Judas — the Great Defaulter — David — the Troubador — Sin — a distinguished Precipice Others must resist — Boys that "believe" are very lonesome — Other Boys are "lost" — Had but the Tale a warbling Teller — All the Boys would come — Orpheus' Sermon captivated — It did not condemn —
# The Bible of Amiens

first book in a series entitled Our Fathers Have Told Us, though Ruskin abandoned the series after the first volume
"OUR FATHERS HAVE TOLD US."
SKETCHES OF THE HISTORY OF CHRISTENDOM
FOR BOYS AND GIRLS WHO HAVE BEEN HELD AT ITS FONTS.
BY JOHN RUSKIN,
HONORARY STUDENT OF CHRIST CHURCH, HONORARY FELLOW OF CORPUS CHRISTI COLLEGE, AND SLADE PROFESSOR OF FINE ART, OXFORD.
PART I. THE BIBLE OF AMIENS.
GEORGE ALLEN,
SUNNYSIDE, ORPINGTON, KENT.
1884.
Printed by Hasell, Watson, & Viney, Limited, London and Aylesbury.
CORRIGENDA.
| Page | 8, | lines 8 & 9, for "our first photographs" (see prefatory references read "our first choice photographs." (N.B. — This series is not yet arranged, but is distinct from that referred to in Chapter IV. See Appendix II.), |
| ,, | 19, | line 12, for a young person, read young persons. |
| ,, | 25, | line 16, for who accusing him, read on whose accusation of. |
| ,, | 34. | The plan for numbered and lettered references is not followed after the first chapter. |
| ,, | 44, | lines 8 & 9, for armies reverberated, read armies, reverberate. |
| ,, | 48, | line 8, for nomacle, read nomad, |
| ,, | 58, | line 18, for Eisenbach, read Eisenach. |
| ,, | 58, | line 20, for by, read beyond. |
| ,, | 61, | note, for Actuarii, read Attuarii. |
| ,, | 62, | note, for brise, read bise. |
| ,, | 62, | note, for coulous, read coulons. |
| ,, | 78, | line 20, for Batoerans, read Batavians. |
| ,, | 89, | line 11, for burrow ", read burrow, |
| ,, | 186, | line 21, for herself, read himself. |
| ,, | 190, | note, for No. 10, read No. 9. |
| ,, | 192, | line 7, for (2 Kings), read (1 Kings). |
| ,, | 195, | line 3, for Two more are, read Another is. |
CONTENTS
| PREFACE | PREFACE | | iii |
| Chapter | I.— | By the Rivers of Waters. | 1 |
| ,, | II.— | Under the Drachenfels. | 41 |
| ,, | III.— | The Lion Tamer. | 89 |
| ,, | IV.— | Interpretations. | 137 |
| Appendix | I.— | Chronological List of Principal Events referred to in the 'Bible of Amiens' | 219 |
| ,, | II.— | References Explanatory of Photographs to Chapter IV | 221 |
| ,, | III.— | General Plan of 'Our Fathers have told us' | 231 |
| INDEX | INDEX | | 233 |
PLATES.
| St. Mary | St. Mary | (Frontispiece) | see page | 203 |
| Plate | I.— | The Dynasties of France | The Dynasties of France | 13 |
| ,, | II.— | The Bible of Amiens, Northern Porch before Restoration | The Bible of Amiens, Northern Porch before Restoration | 41 |
| ,, | III.— | Amiens, Jour des Trepasses, 1880 | Amiens, Jour des Trepasses, 1880 | 89 |
| Plan of the West Porches | Plan of the West Porches | Plan of the West Porches | Plan of the West Porches | 216 |
ST. MARY.
By Cimabue, at Assisi.
Drawn by John Ruskin Engraved by William Rolfe
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The Atlantic Monthly/Volume 12/Number 71

Twelfth volume, seventy-first number of The Atlantic Monthly. Published September 1863.

### Articles and stories

* Life Without Principle, by Henry David Thoreau
# The Atlantic Monthly/Volume 12

* Number 69 (July 1863)
* Number 70 (August 1863)
* Number 71 (September 1863)
* Number 72 (October 1863)
* Number 73 (November 1863)
* Number 74 (December 1863)
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/San Diego

Edition of 1879. See also San Diego on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
SAN DIEGO, a city, port of entry, and the capital of San Diego co., California, on the N. E. shore of a bay of the same name, about 460 m. S. E. of San Francisco, and 15 m. N. of the Mexican border; lat. 32° 44' 41" N., Ion. 117° 8' W.; pop. in 1870, 2,300; in 1874, about 4,000. It has one of the three good harbors on the Pacific coast of the United States, and has been fixed by act of congress as the western terminus of the Texas and Pacific railroad. Its climate is remarkably equable and salubrious, the thermometer rarely rising to 80° F. or sinking to the freezing point. Many visit it as a health resort. The exports in 1874, consisting mainly of gold bullion, wool, wheat, flour, barley, hides, honey, wine, and olive oil, amounted to $2,000,000. There are four churches, two academies, two daily and two weekly newspapers, two banks, a fine court house, and a steam flouring mill. The city was laid out in 1868.—North San Diego, a small hamlet 4 m. N. of the city proper, was the first place settled by white men in California. Father Junipero, a Jesuit priest, with a number of followers, landed there in May, 1768, and soon afterward founded the mission of San Diego.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/San Diego (county)

Edition of 1879. See also San Diego County, California on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
SAN DIEGO, the S. county of California, bounded E. by Arizona, from which it is separated by the Colorado river, S. by Lower California, and W. by the Pacific ocean; area, about 13,500 sq. m.; pop. in 1870, 4,951. Two branches of the Coast range cross it from N. to S., dividing it into three divisions differing much in climate, soil, and topography. The division along the coast is about 25 m. wide, and consists largely of level plains or gently sloping valleys, watered by the San Bernardo, San Diego, San Luis Rey, Margarita, Sweetwater, and other rivers; the greater portion is suitable for agriculture and grazing. The central or mountain division is very irregular in outline, averaging nearly 40 m. in width. Both ranges are covered with forests of oak, cedar, pine, and fir, and contain gold, silver, copper, and other minerals. Valuable gold mines have been opened within the past four years. Between them are a number of broad valleys or table lands, having a delightful climate and a fertile soil. They produce grapes, oranges, wheat, barley, &c. The E. division is occupied by the Colorado desert, which is for the most part treeless and barren, and part of it is below the level of the sea. It is very dry and hot, and contains many natural curiosities, among which is a lake of boiling mud, about half a mile long by 500 yards wide. The chief productions in 1870 were 32,947 bushels of wheat, 9,330 of Indian corn, 18,745 of
barley, 9,250 lbs. of wool, and 1,433 tons of hay. There were 5,687 horses, 1,268 milch cows, 20,347 other cattle, 16,443 sheep, and 1,683 swine. Capital, San Diego.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Saltillo

Edition of 1879. See also Saltillo on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​SALTILLO, a city of Mexico, capital of the state of Coahuila, on the Rio Tigre, 435 m. N. by W. of the city of Mexico; pop. about 15,000. It is well built, but the only edifices worthy of mention are the government house and the parish church. Some silver and gold mines were formerly worked in the vicinity, but none of importance are now in operation. The manufactures comprise cotton stuffs, and zarapes much prized for their fineness and brilliant colors. There is an annual fair lasting eight days, largely attended from all parts of the state.—Saltillo was founded in 1586, and incorporated as a city with the name of Leone Vicario, by decree of Nov. 5, 1827. Near it was fought the battle of Buena Vista, Feb. 22 and 23, 1847. (See Buena Vista.)
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/San Antonio River

Edition of 1879. See also San Antonio River on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ SAN ANTONIO RIVER, a river of Texas, rising in Bexar co., and following a general S. E. course of nearly 200 m. to Espiritu Santo bay. It unites with the Guadalupe about 12 m. from its mouth. Its largest tributaries are the Medina and Salado in Bexar co., and the Cibolo in Karnes co. The chief towns on its banks are San Antonio and Goliad.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/San Benito

Edition of 1879. See also San Benito County, California on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ SAN BENITO, a W. county of California, bounded E. by the main range of the Coast mountains, and embracing the valley of the San Benito river. It was formed in 1874 from the E. portion of Monterey co. The raising of sheep and cattle is largely pursued, and agriculture is carried on to some extent. It is traversed by the Southern Pacific railroad. Capital, San Benito.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Salta

Edition of 1879. See also Salta Province and Salta on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​SALTA. I. A N. W. province of the Argentine Republic, bordering on Bolivia and the provinces of Jujuy, Santiago, Tucuman, and Catamarca; area, 50,000 sq. m.; pop. in 1869, 85,959. It is traversed in almost every direction by spurs of the Andes, the flattened crests of which form in the west and northwest a series of plateaus, some as high as 12,000 ft. above the sea, with peaks rising much higher. Among the numerous rivers are the Juramento, San Francisco, and Bermejo, the last forming the boundary with the Gran Chaco. The soil is fertile, and wheat, barley, maize, cotton, coca, coffee, yerba maté or Paraguay tea, and excellent wines are produced. The great forests yield many kinds of valuable wood. Gold, silver, copper, and iron are found, and porcelain clay is abundant. Wine, rum, sugar and molasses, dried and preserved fruits, and the wool and skins of the vicuña, llama, and alpaca are exported. Salta is divided into 21 departments. II. A city, capital of the province, in the low valley of Chicoana, between two mountain chains, about 820 m. N. W. of Buenos Ayres; pop. in 1869, 11,716. It is regularly laid out, with good streets and neat houses. The public schools were attended in 1869 by 2,885 pupils, of whom 1,231 were females. The climate here is less salubrious than almost anywhere else in the province. This city was founded in 1582 by Abreu, under the name of San Clemente de la Nueva Sevilla, in the valley of Siancas; in 1584 it was transferred to its present site, and at first called San Felipe de Lerma.