OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Clearchus 4.

CLEARCHUS (Κλέαρχος), an Athenian comic poet of the new comedy, whose time is unknown. Fragments are preserved from his Κιθαρωδός (Athen. x. p. 426, a., xiv. p. 623, c.), Κορινθίοι (xiv. p. 613, b.), Πάνδροσος (xiv. p. 642, b.), and from a play the title of which is unknown. (i. p. 28, e.; Eustath. ad Odyss. p. 1623, 47; Meine e, Com. Graec. i. p. 490, iv. pp. 562, 849.) [P. S.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hume, Abraham (1749-1838)

​HUME, Sir ABRAHAM (1749–1838), virtuoso, was son of Sir Abraham Hume, who died on 10 Oct. 1772, having married on 9 Oct. 1746 Hannah, sixth and youngest ​daughter of Sir Thomas Frederick. Their only daughter, Hannah, married James Hare [q. v.] Their son was born at Hill Street, Berkeley Square, London, on 20 Feb. 1748–9. During one parliament (1774–80) he represented Petersfield, but then abandoned politics. His estates at Wormley in Hertfordshire and Fernyside in Berwickshire enabled him to be a patron of the arts all his life. He amassed a famous collection of minerals and of precious stones, and was a large purchaser of pictures by the old masters. For distinction in natural history and mineralogy he was elected F.R.S. on 14 Dec. 1775, and at his death was its senior fellow. He was one of the founders of the Geological Society, and served as vice-president from 1809 to 1813. Through his patronage of painting he became a director of the British Institution. Hume died at Wormley Bury on 24 March 1838, and was buried in Wormley Church, where is a monument to his memory. He married in London, on 25 April 1771, Amelia, daughter of John Egerton, bishop of Durham. She was born on 25 Nov. 1751, died at Hill Street, London, on 8 Aug. 1809, and was buried at Wormley. There is a monument to her memory in the churchyard. Their eldest daughter married Charles Long [q. v.], baron Farnborough; and the second daughter was the wife of John Cust, first earl Brownlow.
There appeared in 1815 in French and English a 'Catalogue Raisonné' by the Comte de Bournon of the diamonds of Sir Abraham Hume, who himself edited the volume and prefixed to it a short introduction. A 'Descriptive Catalogue' of his pictures was printed in 1824, when the collection was for sale. Most of them had been acquired at Venice and Bologna between 1786 and 1800. The works of Titian were numerous, and the collection contained a few examples of English and Flemish art. Among the English specimens were the portraits of Sir Abraham Hume and Lady Hume by Reynolds, and that of Lady Hume by Cosway. The latter was engraved by Valentine Green in 1783, and in 1783 John Jones and in 1791 C. H. Hodges issued engravings of the portraits of Hume. Sir Abraham sat on three separate occasions (1783, 1786, and 1789) to Reynolds, and Sir Joshua left him the choice of his Claude Lorraines. The earliest of Hume's portraits by Reynolds is now in the National Gallery.
An anonymous volume of 'Notices of the Life and Works of Titian,' 1829, was the composition of Hume. It contained in an appendix of ninety-four pages a catalogue of the engravings after the works of Titian in the Bibliothèque du Roi at Paris. Crowe and Cavalcaselle acknowledge that the 'lists of pictures and engravings are still useful.'
W. P. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hume, Alexander (1675-1740)

​HUME, ALEXANDER, second Earl of Marchmont (1675–1740). [See Campbell.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hume

​HUME. [See also Home.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Humbert, Albert Jenkins

​HUMBERT, ALBERT JENKINS (1822–1877), architect, born in 1822, commenced his professional career as a partner with Mr. Reeks, afterwards of the office of works. They executed some important works in or near Hastings, including the building of Carlisle Parade and Robertson Terrace on the crown estate, and the rebuilding of the church at Bodiam. When the competition was instituted for designs for new government offices, 1856, the designs of Messrs. Humbert & Reeks, though not successful, received a premium at the exhibition in Westminster Hall. In 1854 Humbert was employed to rebuild and enlarge the chancel of the church at Whippingham, Isle of Wight, which the queen and royal family attended when residing at Osborne. In 1860 he rebuilt the entire church, under the direction of the prince consort, and designed the mausoleum of the Duchess of Kent at Frogmore, near Windsor. In 1862 he designed the mausoleum of the prince consort at the same place. Subsequently Sandringham House was rebuilt for the Prince of Wales from his designs and under his superintendence. Humbert was a fellow of the Royal Institute of British Architects, and died on 24 Dec. 1877, aged 55, at Castle Mona, Douglas, Isle of Man, where he had gone to recruit his health. He lived for some time at 27 Fitzroy Square, London.
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hume, Alexander (1809-1851)

​HUME, ALEXANDER (1809–1851), Scottish poet, born at Kelso on 1 Feb. 1809, was the son of Walter Hume, a retail trader. He speaks with gratitude of his early education received at Kelso, and he was permanently impressed by the beautiful scenery of his native district. While he was still a boy his family removed to London, where he joined in 1822 or 1823 a party of strolling players for a few months, undertaking a variety of characters, and singing specially a song entitled 'I am such a beautiful boy.' Through the kindness of a relative he obtained a situation in 1827 with the London agents of Berwick & Co., brewers, of Edinburgh, where he ultimately secured a position of trust.
Hume joined the Literary and Scientific Institution in Aldersgate Street, became a good debater, and wrote his 'Daft Wattie' for the magazine of the club. From this time he found recreation in writing Scottish lyrics. In 1837 he married, and in 1840, owing to bad health, travelled in America. Returning he became London agent for Messrs. Lane, well-known Cork brewers. In 1847 he revisited America for the benefit of his health. He died at Northampton in May 1851, leaving a wife and six children.
Hume dedicated an early issue of his songs to Allan Cunningham, and his collected 'Poems and Songs' appeared in 1845. 'Sandy Allan,' one of his best lyrics, is in the anthology of minor Scottish singers, 'Whistle Binkie,' 1832-47. Hume's poems are vigorous and fresh in sentiment and expression.
[Rogers's Modern Scottish Minstrel; Irving's Eminent Scotsmen.]
T. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hume, Alexander (1811-1859)

​HUME, ALEXANDER (1811–1859), Scottish poet and musical composer, was born in Edinburgh, 7 Feb. 1811. After receiving an elementary education he worked for a time at cabinet-making. Early recognised as a singer, he became tenor in St. Paul's episcopal church, and chorus-master in the Theatre Royal. He devoted much of his leisure to reading. While still young he was associated with the Glassites, and it is likely that the arrangement of their musical manual was his earliest work as a musician.
About 1855 Hume settled in Glasgow, where he worked at his trade, and increased his poetical and musical reputation. He frequently contributed lyrics to the Edinburgh ​'Scottish Press,' and in 1856 he edited the 'Lyric Gems of Scotland' (Glasgow), to which he made over fifty contributions of his own, providing in several cases both words and music, while in others he merely supplied the music or arranged previous compositions. It is not certain that the valuable annotations in the work are Hume's, but it is probable that he had a share in them. Hume married, in 1829, Margaret Leys, who bore him seven children, and predeceased him in 1848. He died 4 Feb. 1859, and was buried in Glasgow necropolis.
Although self-taught in musical theory, Hume was very successful in setting tunes both to standard Scottish lyrics and songs of his own. He has composed an appropriate melody to Burns's 'Afton Water;' his own pathetic lyric, 'My ain dear Nell,' has simple emotional fervour and tuneful grace. In concerted pieces he likewise earned distinction, his glees 'We Fairies come,' `Tell me where my Love reposes,' and others, evincing excellent taste and harmonious effect. There is no collected edition of his works, but several of the songs and glees included in the 'Lyric Gems' maintain their popularity.
[Information from Hume's son, Mr. William Hume, Pollokshields; Irving's Eminent Scotsmen.]
T. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Duncanson, Robert

​DUNCANSON, ROBERT (d. 1705), colonel, was ‘of the family of Fassokie in Stirlingshire’ (Notes and Queries, 2nd ser. viii. 109), a family distinguished for its adherence to the Argylls. When Archibald, ninth earl of Argyll, made his descent on Scotland in 1685, he sent off Sir Duncan Campbell, with the two Duncansons, father and son, to attempt, at the last moment, new levies in his own county (Fox, Reign of James II, 4to edit. p. 193). Duncanson, as major of Argyll's foot regiment, was second in command to Lieutenant-colonel James Hamilton, who had the planning of the Glencoe massacre. On 12 Feb. 1692, Hamilton having received orders to execute the fatal commission from Colonel John Hill, directed Duncanson to proceed immediately with four hundred of his men to Glencoe, so as to reach the post which had been assigned him by five o'clock the following morning, at which hour Hamilton promised to reach another post with a party of Hill's regiment. Whether Duncanson hesitated to take an active personal part in the massacre is matter of conjecture. ‘The probability is,’ says Dr. James Browne, ‘that he felt some repugnance to act in person,’ as immediately on receipt of Hamilton's order he despatched another order from himself to Captain Robert Campbell of Glenlyon, who had already taken up his quarters in Glencoe, with instructions to fall upon the Macdonalds precisely at five o'clock the following morning, and put all to the sword under seventy years of age (Browne, Hist. of the Highlands, ed. 1845, ii. 216, 217). ‘You are to have a speciall care,’ runs this despatch, ‘that the old fox and his sone doe on no acct escape yor hands. Yow're to secure all the avenues that none escape; this yow are to put in execution at 5 a cloack precisly, and by that time, or verie shortly efter it, I'll strive to be at yow wt a stronger party. If I do not come to yow at 5, yow are not to tarie for me, but to fall on’ (Papers illustrative of the Highlands of Scotland, Maitland Club, pp. 72, 73, 74). Fortunately, the severity of the weather prevented Duncanson from reaching the glen till eleven o'clock, six hours after the slaughter, so that he had nothing to do but to ​assist in burning the houses and carrying off the cattle (Browne, ii. 220). No proceedings were taken against him. The Scotch parliamentary commission of inquiry of 1695, indeed, recommended the king ‘either to cause him to be examined in Flanders about the orders he received, and his knowledge of the affair, or to order him home for trial,’ but William declined acting on either suggestion (ib. ii. 224). Duncanson was promoted to the colonelcy of the 33rd regiment, 12 Feb. 1705, and fell at the siege of Valencia de Alcantara on the following 8 May.
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Duncombe, John

​DUNCOMBE, JOHN (1729–1786), miscellaneous writer, only child of William Duncombe [q. v.], was born in London on 29 Sept. 1729. He was first educated at two schools in Essex, then entered, 1 July 1745, Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, where he proceeded B.A. 1748, M.A. 1752. He was ​afterwards chosen fellow of his college, ‘was in 1753 ordained at Kew Chapel by Dr. Thomas, bishop of Peterborough, and appointed, by the recommendation of Archbishop Herring, to the curacy of Sundridge in Kent; after which he became assistant-preacher at St. Anne's, Soho’ (Gent. Mag. March 1786, p. 188). Duncombe was in succession chaplain to Squire, bishop of St. David's, and to Lord Cork. In 1757 Archbishop Herring, his constant friend, presented him to the united livings of St. Andrew and St. Mary Bredman, Canterbury. He was afterwards made one of the six preachers in the cathedral, and in 1773 obtained from Archbishop Cornwallis the living of Herne, near Canterbury, ‘which afforded him a pleasant recess in the summer months.’ The archbishop also appointed him master of St. John's Hospital, Canterbury, and, as no emolument was annexed, gave him a chaplaincy, which enabled him to hold his two livings. Duncombe died at Canterbury 19 Jan. 1786. He married in 1761 Susanna [see Duncombe, Susanna], daughter of Joseph Highmore. She and an only daughter survived him.
Duncombe seems to have had some fame as a preacher, and to have been a man of varied if not high attainments. Of his many poems the best known were, ‘An Evening Contemplation in a College, being a Parody on the “Elegy in a Country Churchyard”’ (1753), ‘The Feminead’ (1754), ‘Translations from Horace’ (1766–7). His numerous occasional pieces, as ‘On a Lady sending the Author a Ribbon for his Watch,’ do not require notice (for full list see Gent. Mag. June 1786, pp. 451–2, and Biog. Brit. ed. Kippis, iv. 511). Of works connected with archæology, Duncombe wrote:
* ‘Historical Description of Canterbury Cathedral,’ 1772.
* A translation and abridgment of Battely's ‘Antiquities of Richborough and Reculver’ 1774.
* ‘History and Antiquities of Reculver and Herne,’ and of the ‘Three Archiepiscopal Hospitals at and near Canterbury’ (contributed to Nichols's ‘Bibliotheca Topographica Britannica,’ vols. i. and iv. 1780).
Duncombe edited:
* ‘Letters from Italy’ of John Boyle, first earl of Cork and Orrery, 1773.
* ‘Letters by several Eminent Persons deceased, including the Correspondence of J. Hughes, Esq.,’ 1773.
* ‘Letters from the late Archbishop Herring to William Duncombe, Esq., deceased,’ 1777.
* ‘Select Works of the Emperor Julian,’ 1784. He also published several sermons.
[Gent. Mag. 1786, pt. i., Biog. Brit. ed. Kippis, v. 509 et seq.; European Mag. ix. 66; Cantabr. Grad. (1659–1787), p. 124; Notes and Queries, 4th ser. viii. 243; Brit. Mus. Cat.]
F. W-t.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Duncon, Samuel

​DUNCON, SAMUEL (fl. 1600–1659), political writer, was a citizen of Ipswich, of considerable means, and devoted to the parliamentary side in the civil wars. In 1640 he was ‘strayed three times’ for refusing to pay ship-money. He was ordered to march with the king's forces against the Scots; but he was allowed, after some troublesome negotiations, to hire a substitute. Processes were also begun against him in the commissaries' court and the court of arches. This caused him to repair several times to London, and led finally to his being ‘damnified about 300l.’ Duncon complained to the parliament, but without result. When the civil war broke out he as well as his father and father-in-law aided the parliament with many contributions, by raising troops (which brought him into direct communication with Cromwell), and by acting as high collector of assessments till 1651. Duncon seems finally to have settled in London, and to have died about the time of the Restoration. Duncon wrote:
* ‘Several Propositions of publick concernment presented to his Excellency the Lord Generall Cromwell,’ 1651.
* ‘Several Proposals offered by a Friend to Peace and Truth to the serious consideration of the keepers of the Liberties of the People of England,’ &c., 1659.
The chief end of these tracts is (besides the recital of the author's sacrifices for the Commonwealth) towards the ‘settling of peacemakers in every city and county of this nation.’ These peacemakers were to be the ‘most understanding plain honest-harted men’ that the people of the district could find. Their function was to be to settle all sorts of disputes, and thus avoid as far as possible the necessity for law courts (see Campbell, Lives of the Chancellors, viii. 359, for a somewhat similar scheme proposed by Lord Brougham).
[Works; Addit. MSS. 21418, f. 270, 21419, f. 145.]
F. W-t.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Duncombe, Susanna

​DUNCOMBE, SUSANNA (1730?–1812), poetess and artist, only daughter of Joseph Highmore, the painter, and illustrator of ‘Pamela,’ was born about 1730, probably in London, either in the city or Lincoln's Inn Fields. She was one of a party to whom Richardson read his ‘Sir Charles Grandison;’ and she made a sketch of the scene, which forms the frontispiece to vol. ii. of Mrs. Barbauld's ‘Correspondence of Samuel Richardson.’ She contributed the story of ‘Fidelio and Honoria’ to ‘The Adventurer;’ was eulogised by John Duncombe [q. v.] as Eugenia in his ‘Feminead,’ 1754; and, after a protracted courtship, they were married on 20 April 1763, and went to his living in Kent, taking her father with them. In 1773 she furnished a frontispiece to vol. i. of her husband's ‘Letters by John Hughes;’ she also wrote a few poems in the ‘Poetical Calendar,’ and in 1782 some of her poems appeared in Nichols's ‘Select Collection.’ In January 1786 she was left a widow, with one child, a daughter, and took up her residence in the Precincts, Canterbury. In 1808 her portrait of Mrs. Chapone was transferred from her ‘Grandison’ frontispiece to the second edition of ‘Mrs. Chapone's Posthumous Works.’ She died on 28 Oct. 1812, aged about eighty-two, and was buried with her husband at St. Mary Bredman, Canterbury.
[Bryan's Dict. of Painters; Chalmers's Biog. Dict.; Gent. Mag. lxxxii. ii. 497.]
J. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bernard, William Bayle

​BERNARD, WILLIAM BAYLE (1807–1876), English dramatist, by birth an American, but a British subject and the son of British parents, was born on 27 Nov. 1807 at Boston, where his father, John Bernard [q, v.], was then manager of the theatre. In 1820 his family returned to England, and he completed his education at a school at Uxbridge. In 1826 he was appointed to a clerkship in the army accounts oftice by Canning, whose mother had been a leading actress in the elder Bernard's company at Plymouth. The office was abolished in 1830, and young Bernard was thrown upon his resources. He had already begun to write for the stage, having in 1827 produced his nautical drama, 'The Pilot,' for which he received 3l., and when the piece reached the hundredth night 2l. more, 'to prompt him to further exertions.' In 1828 he wrote a novel, 'The Freebooter's Bride,' in five volumes, a production of the Minerva Press school; and in 1829 he compiled 'Retrospections of the Stage' from memoranda left by his father, bringing the life of the latter down to his departure for America in 1797. In 1830 he became a professional dramatist, and produced plays and farces with such rapidity that, notwithstanding an eight year interruption of his dramatic labours, the total number amounted to 114. Many were written for America, and not half have been printed. The best-known are: 'Rip Van Winkle,' 1832; 'The Nervous Man,' 1833; 'The Man about Town,' 1836; 'Marie Ducange,' 1837; 'His Last Legs,' 1839; 'The Warding School,' 1841; and 'The Round of Wrong.' 1846. His last piece was 'The Doge of Venice,' 1867. He collaborated with Dr. Westland Marston in the production of 'Trevanion,' 1849, and wrote much dramatic and other criticism for the press. In 1874 he published the biography of Samuel Lover, an uninteresting book, owing to the entire dearth of material. He died at Brighton on 6 Aug. 1875. Bernard was a highly accomplished man, a prolific and efficient playwright, an excellent dramatic critic, thoughtful, studious, and interested in serious subjects.
[Men of the Time, 9th ed.; Era Newspaper; private information.]
R. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bernher, Augustine

​BERNHER, AUGUSTINE (fl. 1554), clerk and servant of Latimer, bishop of Worcester, was a Swiss, or, according to Fox, a Belgian. During the reign of Mary he was minister of a congregation in London, and is said to have lived much at Baxterley. He was married (Tanner). When Latimer was committed to the Tower (13 Sept. 1553) ​Bernher attended him there, and the next year waited on him and the other bishops imprisoned at Oxford (Strype's Cranmer, 492, 957). In this year also he succoured Jewel when in great need during his flight from Oxford, and so saved his life (Memorials. 227). Throughout the Marian persecution he was a constant friend to the martyrs, and a kind of overseer to the wives and fatherless children of those who died for religion (ib. 589). In a letter written shortly before hs death, Robert Glover bade his wife be guided by Bernher, whom he calls 'an angel of God;' and Bradford, writing from his prison, addresses him as 'my own good Augustine' (Foxe, Acts and Monuments, vii. 262). He comforted and attended on Glover (ib. 398), Careless (ib. viii. 185), Mrs. Joyce Lewes (ib. 404), and Cuthbert Sympson (ib. 456), who suffered martyrdom 1555-58. In the reign of Elizabeth he was rector of Sutton (Memorials, i. 589), or, according to Tanner, of Southam, and was noted for the indignation he expressed against the priests who conformed to the ecclesiastical changes then enforced. He wrote 'Testimonies taken out of God's Word,' &c., 'An Answer to Certain Scriptures,' &c., manuscripts in the Bodleian Library, 'Epistola ad dominum suum' (Ridley), a manuscript in Emanuel College, Cambridge, and edited Latimer's Sermons with a Latin preface addressed to Catherine, duchess of Suffolk, 4to, 1572, 1635, and Latimer's Works (Parker Soc.), i. 311. Notices of Bernher will be found in various works published by the Parker Society, e.g. Bradford's Works, i. 306, ii. 168, 186, and Ridley's Works, 381; see index to the series.
[Strype's Ecclesiastical Memorials, Memorials of Cranmer, 8vo, Oxford, 1828; Foxe's Acts and Monuments, 1849; Publications of Parker Society, with Gough's Index; Tanner's Bibl. Brit.]
W. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Berningham, Richard de

Sir Richard Bernyngham in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
​BERNINGHAM, RICHARD de (fl. 1313), was a justice itinerant. There were two families of this name in the reign of Edward II, one in Yorkshire and the other in Norfolk. Both contained a Richard de Berningham, the former a son of John de Berningham, the latter of Walter de Berningham, lord of the manor of Hanteyns Barnham, Norfolk. The Richard de Berningham who was so often in this reign summoned to the council among justices and others probably belonged to the Yorkshire family (Sir F. Palgrave). A parliamentary writ, dated 1 Sept. 1313 (Parl. Writs, ii. p. ii. 534), requires him to lay aside the caption of assize in the northern counties during the meeting of parliament and repair to Westminster. He continued to be summoned in 1314, 1315, 1317, 1318, 1319, 1320, until 1324, and during that time was included in judicial commissions as conservator of the peace, justice of oyer and terminer, and commissioner of array for the county of York, in which county he was knight in 1323. From 1314 to 1315 he was a collector of scutages in Yorkshire, and in 1318 was empowered, as a landholder beyond the Trent, to raise and arm his tenants. The name of Richard de Bernyngham, miles, appears as witness to a charter of Marigg Abbey, Yorkshire, 5 April 1321 (Collect. Topographica, 1843, Marigg Charters, v. 123). He died, holding property at Middleton and Queenrow in Yorkshire, in 1329.
[Foss's Lives of the Judges; Blomefield's Norfolk, i. 636; Cal. Inquis. post mortem, ii. 19; Parly. Writs, ii. div. 8, p. 534.]
J. A. H.