OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Doxat, Lewis

​DOXAT, LEWIS (1773–1871), journalist, was born in the British West Indies in 1773. He came to London when a boy, and at an early age obtained a position under the manager of the ‘Morning Chronicle,’ in the office of which journal he remained twenty-five years. He afterwards entered the office of the ‘Observer.’ His connection with the ‘Observer,’ the oldest of existing weekly papers, started in 1792, dates as far back as 1804, and was continued until 1857, a period of fifty-three years. During most of this time he was manager of the paper and contributed greatly to its success. But notwithstanding his possession of literary ability and of extensive and varied information, it is said of him that he never wrote a single article or paragraph for the journal (Grant). When, in 1821, after the death of James Perry, the ‘Morning Chronicle’ was bought by Mr. Clements, the proprietor of the ‘Observer,’ Doxat returned to his old office and became manager of the daily paper, suffering great trials of patience from the dilatory ways of its editor, John Black [q. v.] In 1834 the two papers ceased to belong to the same proprietor, and a severance of the official connection between them took place. Doxat confined his attention again to the ‘Observer,’ which stood higher in reputation than any contemporary for its early and exclusive information on political affairs. In 1857 he gave up his position and moved from Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, to Haverstock Hill, where he died peacefully on 4 March 1871.
R. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Dowriche, Anne

​DOWRICHE, ANNE (fl. 1589), poetess, must have been granddaughter of Sir Richard Edgcumbe, and daughter of Peter Edgcumbe, who died in 1607, aged 70. She married, first, the Rev. Hugh Dowriche, probably ​rector of Honiton, Devonshire, and afterwards Richard Trefusis of Trefusis, Cornwall (Collins, Peerage, v. 328–9). To her is attributed ‘The French Historie: that is, a lamentable Discourse of three of the chiefe and most famous bloodie broiles that have happened in France for the Gospelles of Jesus Christ, namelie: 1. The Outrage called the Winning of S. James his Street, 1557; 2. The Constant Martirdome of Annas Burgaeus, one of the K. Councell, 1559; 3. The Bloodie Marriage of Margaret, Sister to Charles the 9, anno 1572. Published by A. D. (Lond. by T. Orwin for T. Man, 1589).’ The volume is dedicated to ‘Pearse Edgcumbe,’ the author's brother, who died in 1628, and the Edgcumbe arms are at the back of the title-page. It is dated from Honiton. The poem is in long alexandrines. Mr. W. Carew Hazlitt doubtfully ascribes to Anne Dowriche ‘A Frencheman's Songe made upon ye death [of] ye French King who was murdered in his owne court by a traiterouse Fryer of St. Jacob's order, 1 Aug. 1589.’ This was licensed to Edward Allde, the publisher, and is not known to be extant.
Hugh Dowriche is the author of ‘Desmophylax, the Iaylors Conversion. Wherein is lively represented the true Image of a Soule rightlye touched and converted by the Spirit of God,’ London (J. Windet), 1596. The dedication to Valentine Knightly, and the address to the reader, are dated from Honiton, Devonshire, where Dowriche was apparently beneficed. He describes himself as a bachelor of divinity. His wife contributes commendatory verses to the volume.
S. L. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Dowson, John

​DOWSON, JOHN (1820–1881), orientalist, was born at Uxbridge in 1820, studied Eastern languages under his uncle, Edwin Norris, whom he assisted for some years in his labours at the Royal Asiatic Society, and subsequently became tutor at Haileybury, and finally, in 1855, professor of Hindustani both at University College, London, and at the, Staff College, Sandhurst, an office he held till 1877. His duties as professor suggested the publication of his well-known and useful ‘Grammar of the Urdu or Hindustani Language’ (1862), and he also translated one of the tracts of the ‘Ikhwānu-s-Safa,’ or Brotherhood of Purity, which, in its Hindustani version, is a popular reading-book in India. His chief work was the ‘History of India as told by its own Historians,’ which he edited from the papers of Sir H. M. Elliott. These eight substantial volumes (1867–77), which must have demanded a vast amount of labour and research, lay the solid foundations of a detailed history of India during the ​Mohammedan period, and provide materials for much future work. His ‘Classical Dictionary of Hindu Mythology and Religion, History and Literature’ (1879) is a serviceable compilation, and his contributions to the ‘Encyclopædia Britannica’ and the ‘Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society’ were always thorough and painstaking. His papers on Indian inscriptions were especially valuable, though his theory of the ‘Invention of the Indian Alphabet,’ for which he claimed a Hindu origin, has not met with much support. He was a sound and careful self-made scholar, and Indian studies owe much to his laborious pen. He died 23 Aug. 1881.
[Academy, 10 Sept. 1881; Annual Report, Royal Asiatic Society, 1882.]
S. L-P.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Agnew, Patrick Alexander Vans

Layout 2
​AGNEW, PATRICK ALEXANDER VANS (1822–1848)
I.C.S. : son of Lt.-Colonel P. Vans Agnew, a Director of the E.I.Co : educated at Haileybury : arrived in India in 1841 : Assistant to the Superintendent of the Cis-Satlaj States, and at Sobraon in 1846 : after political work connected with Kashmir was assistant to the British Resident at Lahore : was sent in 1848 with Lt.Anderson to Multan, to introduce both a change in the personnel of the native Government and new fiscal arrangements : they were treacherously attacked on April 20, 1848, wounded and subsequently murdered by Mulraj's retainers, with his knowledge : this outrage led to the second Sikh War of 1848–9, after which the Panjab was annexed.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Ahlia Bai

Layout 2
​AHLIA BAI ( ? –1795)
Wife of Khandi Rao Holkar, (who died 1754), son of Malhar Rao Holkar, of Indore. On the latter's death, in 1765, Mali Rao, son of Khandi and Ahlia, succeeded to the throne, but died in 9 months. Then Ahlia assumed the government, chose Takaji Holkar as her minister, and ruled till her death in 1795. She transacted business daily, unveiled, in open darbar from 2 p.m : had great ability and character, was deeply religious, and governed admirably.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Ahmad Khan, Sir Syad, Khan Bahadur

Layout 2
​AHMAD KHAN, SIR SYAD, KHAN BAHADUR (1817–1898)
Educational reformer : born Oct. 17, 1817, at Delhi, of a noble family : his ancestors came into India from Central Asia, and held high office under the Mogul Emperors : he entered Government service in 1837 and rose to be a subordinate Judge in the N.W.P. In the mutiny he rendered faithful service to the British at Bijnur, saving their lives : he wrote a pamphlet in Urdu on the causes of the mutiny. He was devoted to antiquarian research and was a Member of the Royal Asiatic Society : in 1864 he formed a Translation Society at Ghazipur (afterwards moved to Alighar) and had several valuable English works translated into Urdu. He visited England in 1869, and left his son (afterwards Mr. Justice Mahmud of the Allahabad High Court), to be educated at Cambridge. He wrote a reply to Sir W. W. Hunter's work on The Indian Musalmans—are they bound in Conscience to rebel against the Queen? In 1876 he retired from Government service, and in 1877 commenced the Anglo-Oriental College at Alighar. He was a Member of the Legislative Council, N.W.P. and an Additional Member of the Governor General's Legislative Council, 1878–1882 : was made a K.C.S.I. in 1888 : a man of extreme courtesy combined with personal dignity : to his College he devoted his whole energy and means : died March 27, 1898 : wrote Archaelogical History of Delhi 1847 : F.R.A.S. 1864.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Afghanistan, Shir Ali, Amir of

Layout 2
​AFGHANISTAN, SHIR ALI, AMIR OF (1820–1879)
Fifth son of Dost Muhammad (q.v.), whom he accompanied in exile to India : succeeded him on his death, at Herat, in 1863, being recognised by the Government of India : civil war ensued between him and his brothers. He lost his eldest son, Muhammad Ali, in the battle of Kajhbaz, in 1865, when he defeated his brother Muhammad Amir and took Kandahar : lost Kabul to his nephew, Abdur Rahman : imprisoned, 1864, his brother Afzal, who regained his freedom after the battle of Shekhabad in May, 1866, was proclaimed Amir, but died 1867. Shir Ali at one time had lost Kabul and Kandahar, but, having recovered Kabul from his brother Muhammad Azam, defeated Abdur Rahman (q. v.), son of Afzal, on Jan. 3, 1869, drove him out and was recognised as Amir by the Government of India. Lord Mayo received him in darbar at Umbala in 1869. Shir Ali returned disappointed from the darbar, and showed resentment at the failure of his requests and his subsequent treatment by the British Government : in 1873 he sent an envoy, Saiyad Nur Muhammad, to India, to make certain proposals, which were not accepted : negotiations took place in 1877 between the envoy and Sir L. Pelly, on behalf of the Governor-General, Lord Lytton, but were fruitless. Abdullah Jan, named in 1873 as his heir, died in 1877. In 1878 Shir Ali was found to have received, at Kabul, a Russian mission under General Stolietoff : he stopped Sir Neville Chamberlain's mission at Ali Masjid, and the second Afghan war ensued. On the approach of the British forces. Shir Ali fled from Kabul and died at Mazar-i-Sharif, in Afghan Turkistan, on Feb. 21, 1879.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Aga Khan

Layout 2
​AGA KHAN (1800–1881)
The venerable spiritual head of the Khoja community, of Shia Muhammadans : descendant of the mysterious and dreaded "old man of the mountains" : claimed to be descended from Ali and Fatima : fled from Persia 40 years before his death, after an attempt to gain the Persian throne, at which his family aimed : assisted the British with his light horse in the Afghan war, 1842 : received Rs. 1,000 a month as pension : resided a short time in Calcutta, and then 30 years in Bombay, holding his court in grand style, and taking a leading part in turf and sporting matters : the keenest racing man in India : exercised almost absolute control over his subjects, "a king without a territory," the annual tribute from his followers amounting to a lakh of rupees : died April 12, 1881.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Ahmad Shah Abdali, or Durani

Layout 2
​AHMAD SHAH ABDALI, or DURANI ( ? –1772)
Son of an Afghan chief of the tribe of Abdal, near Herat : held a command under Nadir Shah : after whose death, in 1747, he attacked the Persians, seized Kandahar, Kabul and Lahore : in 1748 he attacked the Moguls in Hindustan : returned to Kabul, but, in 1757, came down on Delhi and Agra, plundered Mathura and returned to Kandahar : about 1758, in response to an invitation from India, he advanced against the Mahrattas, then in great power, and defeated them at Panipat, Jan. 1761 : returned to Kabul : again invaded India in 1767 : returned to Afghanistan with little success, but some plunder : died 1772, succeeded by his second son, Timur Shah.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Aga Ali Shah

Layout 2
​AGA ALI SHAH ( ? –1886)
Like his father, Aga Khan, the spiritual head of the Khoja community, from whom he received tribute in Asia and Africa : best known to Englishmen as a keen sportsman, a strong supporter of the turf : Member of the Bombay Legislative Council : succeeded by his son, Aga Sultan Muhammad Shah : died in 1885.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Aga Sultan Muhammad Shah

Layout 2
​AGA SULTAN MUHAMMAD SHAH (1875–)
Born 1875 : Aga Khan : succeeded his ​father, Aga Ali Shah, as head of Ismaili Muhammadans : has many religious followers in East Africa, Central Asia and India : attended the Coronation (1902) as guest of the English nation : K.C.I.E. 1898 : G.C.I.E. 1902 : Member of the Governor General's Legislative Council : has the Zanzibar and Prussian Orders.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Ahmad, Syad

Layout 2
​AHMAD, SYAD ( ? – ? )
Of Bareli : a horseman under Amir Khan (q.v.) : went to Delhi, became a disciple of Shah Abdul Aziz, a famous devotee there : became a religious teacher and reformer, aiming at the restoration of pure Muhammadanism : went to Calcutta in 1821 : to Mecca, 1822 : to Bombay, 1823 : wrote the Incitement to Religious War, and opened a jihad against the Sikhs in 1826 : was killed in battle, and the movement terminated.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Agnew, Sir William Fischer

Layout 2
​AGNEW, SIR WILLIAM FISCHER (1847–1903)
Son of General Agnew, of the Indian Staff Corps : called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn, 1870 : joined the bar of the Calcutta High Court : edited, from 1877, the Indian Law Reports, Calcutta : was Law Lecturer, Presidency College, 1879 : Recorder of Rangoon, 1884—1900, officiating in 1885–6 as a Judge of the Calcutta High Court : knighted, 1899 : retired in 1900 : edited several books on Indian Law : died Dec. 26, 1903.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Douglas, James

Layout 2
​DOUGLAS, JAMES (1826–1904)
Born June 4, 1826 : son of William Douglas : educated at Sorbie Parish School and privately in Edinburgh : went to Karachi in 1864 as Agent of the Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China : Agent in Bombay, 1865–72 : Exchange and bullion broker, 1873–1901 : Sheriff of Bombay, 1893 and 1902 : Fellow of the Bombay University, 1895 : devoted his leisure to researches : retired in 1902 : was author of Bombay and Western India, 1893; Glimpses of Old Bombay, 1900 : and wrote, in the local press, articles on the archaeology and history of W. India : died Aug. 3, 1904.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/H

constructed table of contents
* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
* Q
* R
* S
* T
* U
* V
* W
* X
* Y
* Z

## Ha

* Hardinge, Henry
* Hastings, Warren
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/G

constructed table of contents
* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
* Q
* R
* S
* T
* U
* V
* W
* X
* Y
* Z
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Hardinge, Henry

Layout 2
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Fyers, Sir William Augustus

Layout 2
​FYERS, SIR WILLIAM AUGUSTUS (1816–1895)
General : joined the Army, 1834 : at the capture of Karachi : Captain in the 40th regt. in the Afghan war, 1841–2, under Nott at Kandahar and Kabul, and in the return to India : in the Crimea : in the mutiny, commanded a battalion at Cawnpur : at the capture of Lucknow : died Nov. 10, 1895 : K.C.B.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/I

constructed table of contents
* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
* Q
* R
* S
* T
* U
* V
* W
* X
* Y
* Z

## Ib

* Ibbetson, Sir Denzil Charles Jelf

## Id

* Idar, Sir Pratapsinghji, Maharaja of
* Iddesleigh, Stafford Henry Northcote, first Earl of

## Ik

* Ikbal-Ud-Daula Muhsin Ali Khan, Nawab

## Il

* Ilbert, Sir Courtenay Peregrine

## Im

* Imaduddin, Rev. D.D.
* Impey, Sir Elijah
* Impey, Eugene Clutterbuck

## In

* Indore, Jaswant Rao Holkar Maharaja of
* Indore, Malhar Rao Holkar, Marahaja of
* Indore, Malhar Rao Holkar, Maharaja of
* Indore, Takoji Rao Holkar I, Maharaja of
* Indore, Sir Takoji Rao Holkar II, Maharaja of
* Inglis, Sir John Eardley Wilmot
* Inglis, Hon. Julia Selina, Lady
* Innes, James John Macleod
* Innes, Sir John Harry Ker

## Ir

* Irvine, William

## Iv

* Ives, Edward

## It

* Itisam-Ud-Din

## Iy

* Iyengar, S. Srinivasa Raghava, Diwan Bahadur
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/E

constructed table of contents
* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
* Q
* R
* S
* T
* U
* V
* W
* X
* Y
* Z
* Eardley-Wilmot, Revell
* Earle, Sir Henry, Third Baronet
* Earle, William
* East, Sir Edward Hyde, Baronet
* Eastwick, Edward Backhouse
* Eastwick, Robert William
* Eastwick, William Joseph
* Eden, The Hon. Sir Ashley
* Eden, Hon. Emily
* Edgar, Sir John Ware
* Edge, Sir John
* Edmonstone, Sir George Frederick
* Edmonstone, Neil Benjamin
* Edwardes, Sir Herbert Benjamin
* Edwardes, Sir Stanley de Burg
* Edwards, Sir James Bevan
* Edwards, John Burnard
* Egerton, Charles Chandler
* Egerton, Sir Charles Comyn
* Egerton, Philip Henry
* Egerton, Sir Robert Eyles
* Elers, George
* Elgin and Kincardine, James Bruce, Eighth Earl of
* Elgin and Kincardine, Victor Alexander Bruce, Ninth Earl of
* Elias, Ney
* Eliot, Sir John
* Eliott, Sir Daniel
* Eliott-Lockhart, Percy Clare
* Ellenborough, Edward Law, First Earl of
* Elles, Sir Edmund Roche
* Elles, Sir William Kidston
* Elliot, Edward King
* Elliot, Sir Edward Locke
* Elliot, Sir Henry Miers
* Elliot, Hugh
* Elliot, Sir Walter
* Elliott, Charles
* Elliott, Sir Charles Alfred
* Elliott, Sir William Henry
* Ellis, Sir Barrow Herbert
* Ellis, Francis Whyte
* Ellis, Robert Staunton
* Elphinstone, John, Thirteenth Baron
* Elphinstone, Mountstuart
* Elphinstone, William George Keith
* Elsmie, George Robert
* Empson, William
* England, Sir Richard
* English, Frederick
* Erskine, Henry Napier Bruce
* Erskine, James Claudius
* Erskine, William
* Esdaile, James
* Ethe, C. Hermann
* Evans, Sir Griffith Humphrey Pugh
* Evans, Sir William David
* Everest, Sir George
* Ewald, George Heinrich August
* Ewart, Sir John Alexander
* Ewart, Sir Joseph
* Ewer, Walter
* Eyre, Henry
* Eyre, Sir Vincent
* Exmouth, Edward Pellew, First Viscount
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/F

constructed table of contents
* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
* Q
* R
* S
* T
* U
* V
* W
* X
* Y
* Z
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Baldwyn, Edward

​BALDWYN, EDWARD (1746–1817), pamphleteer, was educated at St. John's College, Oxford (B.A., 1767; M.A., 1784). For some years he was resident in Yorkshire, where, under the pseudonym of 'Trim,' he was engaged in a literary squabble with the Rev. William Atkinson and other clergymen of the 'evangelical' school. Subsequently he removed to Ludlow in Shropshire, and eventually became rector of Abdon in that county. He died in Kentish Town, London, 11 Feb. 1817, and was buried in Old St. Pancras churchyard.
He wrote: 1. 'A Critique on the Poetical Essays of the Rev. William Atkinson', 1787. 2. 'Further Remarks on two of the most Singular Characters of the Age,' 1789. 3. 'A Letter to the Author of Remarks on two of the most Singular Characters of the Age. By the Rev. John Crosse, vicar of Bradford; with a reply by the former,' 1790, with which is printed 'The Olla Podrida; or Trim's Entertainment for his Creditors.' 4. 'Remarks on the Oaths, Declarations, and Conduct of Johnson Atkinson Busfield, Esq.,' 1791. 5. 'A Congratulatory Address to the Rev. John Crosse, on the Prospect of his Recovery from a Dangerous Disease,' 1791.
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bale, Robert (d.1503)

​BALE, ROBERT (d. 1503), a Carmelite monk, was a native of Norfolk, and when very young entered the Carmelite monastery at Norwich. Having a great love of learning, he spent a portion of every year in the Carmelite houses at Oxford or Cambridge. He became prior of the monastery of his order at Burnham, and died 11 Nov. 1503. Bale enjoyed a high reputation for learning, ​and collected a valuable library, which he bequeathed to his convent.
His principal works were: 1. 'Annales Ordinis Carmelitarum' (Bod. Arch. Seld. B. 72). 2. 'Historia Heliæ Prophetæ.' 3. 'Officium Simonis Angli' (i.e. of Simon Stock, a prior of his order who was canonised).
C. F. K.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Balfe, Victoria

​BALFE, VICTORIA. [See Crampton.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bales, Christopher

​BALES or BAYLES, alias Evers, CHRISTOPHER (executed 1589–90), priest, was a native of Cunsley, in the diocese of Durham, and studied in the English colleges at Rome and Rheims. From the latter he was sent on the English mission in 1588. Having been apprehended soon afterwards, he was tried and convicted under the statute of 27 Eliz. for taking priest's orders beyond the seas, and coming into England to exercise his sacerdotal functions. He was drawn to a gallows at the end of Fetter Lane, in Fleet Street, London, and hanged, disembowelled, and quartered, 4 March 1589-90. Two laymen suffered the same day for relieving and entertaining him, viz. Nicholas Horner in Smithfield, and Alexander Blage in Gray's Inn Lane.
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bale, Robert (fl.1461)

​BALE, ROBERT (fl. 1461), chronicler, known as Robert Bale the Elder, is said to have been born in London. He practised as a lawyer, and was elected notary of the city of London, and subsequently a judge in the civil courts. He wrote a chronicle of the city of London, and collected the stray records of its usages, liberties, &c. The following is a list of his writings according to John Bale :— 1. 'Londinensis Urbis Chrouicon.' 2. 'Instrumenta Libertatum Londini.' 3. 'Gesta Regis Edwardi Tertii.' 4. 'Alphabetum Sanctorum Angliæ.' 5. 'De Præfectis et Consulibus Londini.'
[Bale's (John) Scriptor. lllust. Major. Brit. Cat. Cent. xi. No. 58]
C. F. K.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Baldwulf

​BALDWULF, BEADWULF, or BADULF (d. 803?), bishop of Whithern or Candida Casa, in Galloway, was consecrated to that see 17 July 791 by Archbishop Eanbald of York and Bishop Æthelberht of Hexham (Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, s. a. 791; Sim. Dur. 790; Hen. Hunt. Hist. Angl. lib. iv.) His assisting at the coronation of a Northumbrian king (Eardwulf, Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, s. a. 795), and shortly afterwards at the consecration of a Northumbrian archbishop (Eanbald II of York, Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, s.a. 796), shows that, in his hands, the bishopric established as an outpost of Anglian influence among the Celts of Galloway lost none of its original character. But Northumbria had by this time become so disorganised that it was found impossible to maintain any hold over this distant dependency. Baldwulf seems to have been the last Anglian bishop of Whithern (Will. Malm. Gesta Pontificum, lib. iii. f. 118). On his death about 803 (Skene's Celtic Scotland, ii. 225–the date seems conjectural), either no bishop was appointed, or the bishop of Lindisfarne, Heathored (Flor. Wig. M. H. B. p. 626 d), added the nominal charge of Galloway to his own diocese. The Gallwegians had regained their ecclesiastical independence.
T. F. T.