OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers: Series II/Volume XI/John Cassian/Conferences of John Cassian, Part III/Conference XXI/Chapter 23

Chapter XXIII.
Of the time and measure of refreshment.
So then we should keep the observance of the days mentioned in such a way that the relaxation allowed may be useful rather than harmful to the good of body and soul, because the joy of any festival cannot blunt the pricks of the flesh, nor can that fierce enemy of ours be pacified by regard for days. In order then that the observance of the customs appointed for festival seasons may be kept and that the most salutary rule of abstinence be not at all exceeded it is enough for us to allow the permitted relaxation to go so far, as for us out of regard for the festival season to take the food, which ought to be taken at the ninth hour, a little earlier; viz., at the sixth hour,
but with this condition, that the regular allowance and character of the food be not altered, for fear lest the purity of body and uprightness of soul which has been gained by the abstinence of Lent be lost by the relaxation of Eastertide, and it profit us nothing to have acquired by our fast what a careless satiety causes us presently to lose, especially as the well-known cunning of our enemy assaults the stronghold of our purity then chiefly when he sees that our guard over it is somewhat relaxed at the celebration of some festival. Wherefore we must most vigilantly look out that the vigour of our soul be never enervated by seductive flatteries, and we lose not the purity of our chastity, gained, as was said, by the continuous efforts of Lent, by the repose and carelessness of Eastertide. And therefore no addition at all should be made to the quality or the quantity of the food, but even on the highest festivals we should similarly abstain from those foods, by abstinence from which we preserve our uprightness on common days, that the joy of the festival may not excite in us a most deadly conflict of carnal desires, and so be turned to grief, and put an end to that most excellent festival of the heart, which exults in the joy of purity; and after a brief show of carnal joy we begin to mourn our lost purity of heart with a lasting sorrow of repentance. Moreover we should strive that this warning of the prophetic exhortation may not be uttered against us to no purpose: “Celebrate, O Judah, thy festivals, and pay thy vows.” For if the occurrence of festival days does not interfere with the continuity of our abstinence, we shall continually enjoy spiritual festivals and so, when we cease from servile work, “there shall be month after month and Sabbath after Sabbath.”

## Footnotes

* ↑ Nah. i. 15
* ↑ Isa. lxvi. 23.
# Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers: Series II/Volume XI/John Cassian/Conferences of John Cassian, Part III/Conference XXI/Chapter 24

Chapter XXIV.
A question on the different ways of keeping Lent.
Germanus: What is the reason why Lent is kept for six weeks, while in some countries a possibly more earnest care for religion seems to have added a seventh week as well, though neither number when you subtract Sunday and Saturday, gives the total of forty days? For only six and thirty days are included in these weeks.

## Footnotes

* ↑ On the different uses in regard to the Lenten fast Socrates (H. E. V. xxii.) writes as follows: “Those at Rome fast three successive weeks before Easter, excepting Saturdays and Sundays. The Illyrians, Achaians, and Alexandrians observe a fast of six weeks, which they call the forty days’ fast. Others commencing their fast from the seventh week before Easter, and fasting for fifteen days by intervals, yet call that time the forty days’ fast.” There are difficulties in the way of accepting the statement about the custom at Rome (see below), but the great variety of customs is fully confirmed by Sozomen (H. E. VII. xix.): “In some churches the time before Easter, which is called Quadragesima, and is devoted by the people to fasting, is made to consist of six weeks: and this is the case in Illyria, and the western regions, in Libya, throughout Egypt, and in Palestine: whereas it is made to comprise seven weeks at Constantinople, and in the neighbouring provinces as far as Phœnicia. In some churches the people fast three alternate weeks during the space of six or seven weeks; whereas in others they fast continuously during the three weeks immediately preceding the festival.” The statement here made with regard to the West is true except as regards Milan, where Saturday was kept (as in the East) as a festival: while for the Constantinopolitan practice Chrysostom (Hom. xi. in Gen. § 2) confirms what Sozomen says: while Cassian’s language in the text bears witness to the fact that both Egypt and Palestine agreed with the Roman practice. In either case, whether the fast began seven or six weeks before Easter, the number of days observed in the fast was the same; Saturdays (with the exception of Easter Eve which was always regarded as a fast) being excluded in the former case, while they were all included in the latter. Cf. below, c. xxvi.
# Peckham v. Henkel

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
216 U.S. 483
Peckham v. Henkel
Argued: January 6, 7, 1910. --- Decided: February 21, 1910
Messrs. Nash Rockwood, Henry E. Davis, and Max D. Steuer for appellant.
Mr. Jesse C. Adkins and Assistant Attorney General Fowler for appellees.
Mr. Justice Lurton delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
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# Peck v. Sanderson (59 U.S. 42)/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
United States Supreme Court
59 U.S. 42
Peck v. Sanderson
This case was decided at the last term, on an appeal from the circuit court of the United States for the eastern district of Pennsylvania, and a motion is now made by Mr. Rush, counsel for the appellee, for a reargument, on the ground that he was prevented by sickness from attending the court at the time of the hearing.
It is a subject of regret that any cause should be heard in the absence of counsel, and especially where the cause of absence, by a failure in the mail, was unknown to the court.
In the above case, the brief of the counsel was before the court, and it is not probable that an oral argument would have changed the result.
But in the case of Browder v. McArthur, 7 Wheat. 58, it was held that this court cannot grant a rehearing in a case which has been remitted to the court below; and in the case of the Washington Bridge Company v. Stewart, et al. 3 How. 413, the same principle was recognized. The motion is overruled.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
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# Peck v. Tribune Company

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
214 U.S. 185
Peck v. Tribune Company
Argued: April 29, 30, 1909. --- Decided: May 17, 1909
Messrs. S.C.. Irving, Rufus S. Simmons, and Frank J. R. Mitchell for petitioner.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 185-187 intentionally omitted]
Messrs. John Barton Payne, William G. Beale, and Frank R. Cain for respondent.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 187-188 intentionally omitted]
Mr. Justice Holmes delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
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# Pedlar

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "Pedlar."
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This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* The Pedlar by Caroline Lee Hentz
* The Pedlar, a poem by John Eugene Crombie
# Pedersen v. Delaware, Lackawanna, & Western Railroad Company

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
229 U.S. 146
Pedersen v. Delaware, Lackawanna, & Western Railroad Company
Argued: January 14, 1913. --- Decided: May 26, 1913
Messrs. Benjamin Patterson and George Bell for plaintiff in error.
Messrs. James F. Campbell and William S. Jenney for defendant in error.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 146-149 intentionally omitted]
Mr. Justice Van Devanter delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
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# Pecos Northern Texas Railway Company v. Rosenbloom

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
240 U.S. 439
Pecos Northern Texas Railway Company v. Rosenbloom
Argued: February 24, 1916. --- Decided: March 13, 1916
Messrs. J. W. Terry, Gardiner Lathrop, A. H. Culwell, Alexander Britton, and Evans Browne for plaintiff in error.
Messrs. James D. Williamson, J. A. Stanford, and H. H. Cooper for defendants in error.
Memorandum opinion by Mr. Justice McReynolds, by direction of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Paccione v. Heritage/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
United States Supreme Court
371 U.S. 17
Paccione v. Heritage
The motion for leave to proceed in forma pauperis and the petition for writ of certiorari are granted. Upon the suggestion of the Solicitor General and an examination of the entire record, the judgment of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit is vacated and the case is remanded to that court for further proceedings in which the petitioner is to be accorded the opportunity to present oral argument on the merits of his appeal, either personally or through counsel, to the same extent as such opportunity is accorded to the United States Attorney.
Mr. Justice GOLDBERG took no part in the consideration or decision of this case.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Pacific American Fisheries v. Alaska

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
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United States Supreme Court
269 U.S. 269
Pacific American Fisheries v. Alaska
Argued: Nov. 24, 1925. --- Decided: Dec 7, 1925
Messrs. Warren Gregory, of San Francisco, Cal., E. S. McCord, of Seattle, Wash., and R. E. Robertson, of Juneau, Alaska, for petitioner.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
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# Pacchiarotto/St. Martin's Summer

ST. MARTIN'S SUMMER.
# Paccione v. Heritage

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
371 U.S. 17
Paccione v. Heritage
Paccione, pro se.
Solicitor General Cox, Assistant Attorney General Marshall, Harold H. Greene and David Rubin, for respondent.
On Petition for Writ of Certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit.
PER CURIAM.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
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# Pacific Coast Dairy v. Department of Agriculture of California

United States Supreme Court
318 U.S. 285
Pacific Coast Dairy v. Department of Agriculture of California
Argued: Jan. 12, 13, 1943. --- Decided: March 1, 1943
See 318 U.S. 801, 63 S.Ct. 849, 87 L.Ed. --.
Mr. Carey Van Fleet, of San Francisco, Cal., for appellant.
Mr. Solicitor General Charles Fahy, of Washington, D.C., for the United States, amicus curiae by special leave of Court.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 285-287 intentionally omitted]
Mr. Walter L. Bowers, of Los Angeles, Cal., for appellees.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 288-290 intentionally omitted]
Mr. Justice ROBERTS delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
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# North Dakota Law Review/Volume 1/Number 4/Law Enforcement

LAW ENFORCEMENT
Chairman H. F. Horner, of Fargo, advises that the Committee or Section on Law Enforcement is completing arrangements for a campaign of education in the High Schools of the State.
Present plans are to draft members of the Bar Association to deliver two addresses in each High School before the close of the present school year, the students to participate in the arrangement of the programs and to introduce the speakers. It is also proposed to invite parents and friends to attend the programs. The first address is contemplated to cover the necessity for laws and the reasons why laws should be obeyed; the second is to deal with the same general subject and to present a plan for the better co-operation of citizens generally with officers to secure better law enforcement. The plans further include the formation of a law and order organization among High School students.
The Section on Law Enforcement undertakes to supervise the work throughout the State, and will select a lawyer in each county to carry out these plans.
# North Dakota Law Review/Volume 1/Number 4/Legislative Deliberation

LEGISLATIVE DELIBERATION
The 1925 Session of the Legislature, just closed, had up for consideration about 590 bills. Notwithstanding that this number represents about sixty to seventy per cent of the average usually introduced at a Session, we direct attention to the following:
Assume, first, that about fifty of these bills required and received one hour’s consideration, each, by the Assembly, and that the remainder obtained an equitable share of the balance of the time.
The Session lasted sixty days. The daily grind started at two P. M., and closed at 5 P. M. That made up a total of 180 hours, or 10,800 minutes, devoted to lawmaking, and an equal amount of time for committee consideration—assuming that committees met regularly every morning from nine to twelve, and making no allowance for roll-calls, routine, or side-issues.
Deducting the time consumed in the consideration of the fifty bills before referred to, including consideration in committee and discussion in the Assembly, leaves an assignment of about fourteen minutes in committee and fourteen minutes in the Assembly for each of the other 540 bills.
Verily, the members of this great deliberative body need the prayers of the people as well as powers of analysis and discernment far beyond the average run of men.
Judged by their work, can anyone say the best were not chosen or the task?
—SECK.
# North Dakota Law Review/Volume 1/Number 4/Uniform State Laws

UNIFORM STATE LAWS
Hon. H. A. Bronson, of Grand Forks, Chairman of the Committee on Uniform State Laws, submits the following current item concerning the work of that committee:
“Hon. Sveinbjorn Johnson, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, has been appointed by Governor Sorlie as Commissioner from North Dakota to the Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws, which will be held at Detroit, Mich., on August 26th to September 1st, 1925, just preceding the annual meeting of the American Bar Association. The mid-winter meeting of the Committee appointed by the Conference was held in Chicago on February 26th and 27th, 1925. This meeting was attended by Commissioner Bronson, Chairman of the Committe on Education and Publicity. Some of the important legal subjects now under consideration by these Committees comprise the Uniform Mortgage Act, the Uniform Arbitration Act, the Uniform Pistol and Revolver Act, and the Uniform Incorporation Act.” These, it appears are to be submitted to the August Conference.
# North Dakota Law Review/Volume 1/Number 5/Additions to Attorneys List

ADDITIONS TO ATTORNEYS LIST
Recent additions to the list of practicing attorneys in North Dakota are: R. A. Nestos, Minot; L. E. Fitzgerald, Grand Forks; F. W. McLean, Langdon; J. F. X. Conmy, Fargo; H. A. Bronson, Grand Forks; L. N. Torson, Rugby; H. A. Nelson, Williston; E. B. McCutcheon, Minot; G. H. Drowley, Starkweather; S. M. Frank, (moved to) Beulah; Thos. T. Hiner, (moved to) Belfield; Robert A. Eaton, Edgeley; A. E. Draeb, Hebron; W. H. Freeman, Hazen; G. J. Lindlauf, Greene; J. J. Nilles, Grand Forks.
# North Dakota Law Review/Volume 1/Number 4/Notice re Fee Schedule

NOTICE RE FEE SCHEDULE
The following, from Hon. F. T. Cuthbert, of Devils Lake, Chairman of the Committee on Compensation and Fees, is in reply to several inquiries that have come to the Committee since the adoption of the Schedule:
“It seems there has been some doubt with certain attorneys concerning the schedule with reference to foreclosures, which we regret. The Committee did not intend any ambiguity when it wrote this schedule regarding foreclosure by advertisement. It was the intention of the Committee, and understood by all, that the foreclosure fee by advertisement would be $25.00 plus one-half of the statutory fee by action, or one-half the statutory fee before the amendment. As Chairman I have taken this matter up with the entire Committee, and the Committee has ​unanimously agreed that this is the construction intended to be placed upon this matter. We trust there may be no further misunderstanding regarding the schedule.”
# North Dakota Law Review/Volume 1/Number 4/Suggested Service

SUGGESTED SERVICE
The following was one of the thoughts that appeared as part of an editorial in the February number of the American Bar Association Journal:
“Members of the profession in every state can render a genuine public service by answering temperately, concisely and effectively, erroneous statements in the public press which reflect seriously upon the courts or the profession. This, o course, does not mean that every erroneous statement is significant enough to call for a reply, and still less that every statement is erroneous. There may be a good many unpalatable but perfectly true statements in the press on the subjects mentioned that deserve to be read and digested and, at times, to become the subject of letters of approval instead of criticism. But no matter what the purpose of the letter may be, brevity, genuine argument based on facts, ​and good temper are essential to give it effectiveness, for the object is to reach the public quite as much as the newspaper.
“It would be a good idea for State Bar Associations to consider means of getting their qualified members to undertake in their several communities the task of thus promoting a better understanding and better thinking on the subject of the administration of justice and those who are intimately concerned with it.”
# North Dakota Law Review/Volume 1/Number 5

BAR BRIEFS
PUBLISHED MONTHLY AT BISMARCK
——By——
STATE BAR ASSOCIATION OF NORTH DAKOTA
Entered as Second Class Matter Jan. 15, 1925, at the Postoffice at Bismarck, North Dakota Under the Act of August 24, 1912
1925 ANNUAL MEETING Fargo, September 9th
* Liberty or Tyranny
* Review of Important Decisions
* Emergency Legislation
* American Academy of Political and Social Science
* Judicial Selection
* Citizenship Denied
* Office Supplies and Stationery
* Higher Bar Admission Standards
* Additions to Attorneys List
* Current Legal Literature
* Uniform Laws
* Senatorial Disdain, Dignity or Deliberation?
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# North Dakota Law Review/Volume 1/Number 4/Items Here and There

ITEMS HERE AND THERE
The new Judicial Council of the State of Massachusetts was organized in November, 1924.
The Chicago Bar Association is recommending to the Courts that a rule be adopted prohibiting the taking of photographs in Court.
Judge Everett P. Wheeler, of New York, member of the American Bar Association since its organization, died last month at the ripe age of 85.
The Supreme Court of Washington has disbarred Elmer Smith, noted I. W. W. lawyer. The charge sustained was that Smith had advocated the overthrow of the U. S. government by unlawful means.
W. Thomas Kemp, of Baltimore, Assistant Secretary of the American Bar Association 1910-1919, and Secretary 1920-1924, answered the last call in February. He was 48 years of age at the time of his death.
Missouri attorneys recently presented to the Legislature of that State a bill providing that the omission of non-essential words from an indictment shall not constitute grounds for reversal, and prohibiting reversals or dismissals on purely technical errors.
During the past six months twelve outside State and local Bar Associations have applied to the office of the North Dakota Secretary for information concerning our Bar Association Act. Similar bills were introduced in two Legislatures recently, Minnesota and Oklahoma.
Legal Literature just published: “Income tax Procedure” by Montgomery, published by Ronald Press; “Studies in Murder” by Herbert C. Fooks; “The Drama of the Law” by Edward A. Parry, published by ​Scribner; “Principles of Railway Transportation” by Eliot Jones, published by MacMillan Co.; “The Law Governing Sales” by Samuel Williston, 2nd edition, published by Baker, Voorhis & Co.; “The American Revolution, a Constitutional Interpretation” by Chas. Howard McIlwain, published by MacMillan Co.
# North Dakota Law Review/Volume 1/Number 4/Our Need

OUR NEED
Hon. Charles Evans Hughes, President of the American Bar Association, just shortly before his retirement as Secretary of State, gave voice to the following:
“As I look throughout the world the one great need appears to me to be, not some formula or rule, but the stimulation and growth of law-abiding sentiment—the dispostion to be reasonable, to be fair, to settle things according to the available standards of justice, to enforce the conceptions of justice against the demands of brute force. This is what it will come to at the end. All our plans for law and order and peace rest on that sentiment. It is useless to be an apostle of peace throughout the world unless you are an apostle of peace at home. It is useless to talk of great institutions of justice throughout the world, unless you have them at home.”
This brings to mind, and causes the Secretary to make bold and repeat, something he said in January, after listening to a very inspirational talk on “World Peace” at one of the Bismarck service clubs, to-wit: Every one who heard the wonderful inspirational talk last week can readily understand the need and the opportunity for building upon the basis of these material values the moral and spiritual values that will really make for better relations here at home. He also understands and appreciates it is hoped, that there can be no “world peace” until men and women learn to live in peace, as friends, as neighbors, as citizens—in the same country, in the same state, in the same community, in the same neighborhood.