OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The New International Encyclopædia/Sturm, Johannes

Edition of 1905. See also Johannes Sturm on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
STURM, or STUR'MIUS, Johannes (1507-89). A prominent educator of the sixteenth century. He was born near Cologne, and was educated at Leyden and Louvain. In 1537, at the instance of the magistrates of Strassburg, he organized the Strassburg Gymnasium, which he directed for forty-three years. He was relieved from his position in 1581 on account of religious disputes and differences. Through his system of gradation of classes, practically the same that still prevails in all German gymnasia, the classification of literary material for use in schools, the writing of text-books, and the organization of school management, he shaped the practice of secondary education not only in the German schools, but also in the great secondary schools of England and France.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Kano

Edition of 1905. See also Kano State and Kano on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​KANO, kä′nō̇. The name of a province and its capital in the Kingdom of Sokoto, now a part of the British North Nigeria, in West Africa. The district lies between the Niger and Bornu. It is rich in tropical fruits, and is perhaps the most pleasing part of equatorial Africa. There are about 400,000 inhabitants—Fuians, Hausas, and slaves. Kano, the capital, lies 230 miles southeast of the city of Sokoto (Map: Africa, E 3). It is an important trading point, being visited by merchants from the northern countries of Africa and even from Arabia. A blue cotton material made by the natives is a prominent article of export. Sandals, shoes, weapons, grain, leather goods, and indigo are also heavily dealt in, as well as kola-nuts, and saltpetre, ivory, and ostrich-feathers. Population probably about 50,000.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Kansas, University of

Edition of 1905. See also University of Kansas on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ KANSAS, University of. A coeducational State institution at Lawrence, Kan., established by act of the Legislature in 1864, and opened in 1866. During the first few years of its existence its work was confined almost entirely to a preparatory department, the first college class graduating in 1873. The university comprises a graduate school; schools of arts, law, medicine, pharmacy, engineering, and fine arts; and the University Geological Survey. It confers the bachelor's degree in arts, science, law, medicine, music, and painting; the master's degree in arts and science; the doctor's degree in philosophy; and the degree of civil and electrical engineer. Students are admitted without examination on certificates of work done in accredited preparatory schools, and much freedom is allowed in the selection of courses. Tuition is free to residents of Kansas, but a small fee is required from students from other States. In 1902 the student enrollment was 1233, including 69 in the graduate department and 619 in the school of arts. The number of instructors and lecturers was 81. The library contained 37,764 volumes. The university comprised 50 acres, with 11 college buildings, seven of which were erected by the State and four by private gift. The buildings are valued at $550,000, and the natural history collection at $200,000. The endowment was $145,000, the income $195,000, and the total university property was valued at $1,000,000. The government of the university is vested in a board of seven regents, six of whom are appointed by the Governor for a term of four years. The seventh member is the chancellor of the university, who is elected by the remaining members of the board.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Kansas City (Kansas)

Edition of 1905. See also Kansas City, Kansas on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ KANSAS CITY. The largest and most important city of Kansas, and the county-seat of Wyandotte County, on both sides of the Kansas River, at its confluence with the Missouri; opposite and adjoining Kansas City, Mo. (Map: Kansas, H 2). It is usually called Kansas City, Kansas. It is an important railroad centre, a number of great trunk lines entering the city. Among them are the Missouri Pacific; the Union Pacific; the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe; the Mexico and Orient; and the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific. The city covers an area of ten and a half square miles, and is built partly on bluffs and partly on the river bottoms. Several bridges across the Kansas River unite the east and west sections of the city, which is closely connected also with Kansas City, Mo., by elevated, electric, and cable roads. Of a total street mileage of 160 miles, more than 25 per cent. is paved, principally with brick and asphalt. There are over fourteen acres of public parks. The city is the seat of the State Institution for the Blind, and of Kansas City University (Methodist Protestant), opened in 1896. The high school is one of the largest and best equipped in the State; and a fine library building which will cost $75,000, the gift of Andrew Carnegie, is in course of construction (1903). Kansas City, Kan., is noted for its important live-stock, slaughtering, and meat-packing interests, in all of which it is allied with the adjacent city—the stock yards and packing-house plants on both sides of the Kansas-Missouri boundary forming the second largest live-stock centre in the United States. (See Kansas City, Missouri.) It is also an important grain and flour market. There are several large grain-elevators and flour-mills, railroad car and machine shops, and extensive manufactures of soap and candles, foundry and machine-shop products, boxes, barrels, cooperage products, etc. The manufacturing interests represent a production valued at about $85,000,000, the slaughtering and meat-packing industry, with a capital of $15,000,000, alone having an output equal to $75,000,000. Kansas ​City spends annually, in maintenance and operation, about $515,000, the principal items of expenditure being: $145,000 for schools, $125,000 for interest on debt, $40,000 for the police department, $35,000 for the fire department, $32,000 for municipal lighting, $30,000 for the health department, and $25,000 for streets. Kansas City, Kan., known also as Wyandotte, was chartered in 1886, when the former municipalities Armourdale, Kansas City, Wyandotte, and Armstrong were consolidated under the present name. Its subsequent growth has been rapid. Population, in 1890, 38,316; in 1900, 51,418, including 6400 persons of foreign birth and 6500 of negro descent.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Kansa

Edition of 1905. See also the disclaimer.
​KANSA, kän′sȧ. See Kaw.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Kansas River

Edition of 1905. See also Kansas River on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ KANSAS RIVER. A river of Kansas, formed near Junction City by the junction of the Republican and Smoky Hill rivers (Map: Kansas, F 2). It flows east 250 miles and enters the Missouri River at Kansas City. The Little Blue River enters it from the north. Topeka, the capital of the State, is situated on its banks.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Kansas State Agricultural College

Edition of 1905. See also Kansas State University on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ KANSAS STATE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. A coeducational institution of learning established in 1863 at Manhattan, Kan., by the endowment of Bluemont College, which was presented to the State. The college owns 323 acres of land, valued at $39,700, and leases 221 acres in addition, the greater part of these grounds being used for experimental work. The courses embrace English, general and domestic science, mechanical and electrical engineering, and agriculture, leading to the degree of bachelor of science, a preparatory department, a musical department, and apprentice courses, designed for those who wish to learn a trade. No classical course is given. The faculty publishes a weekly, the Industrialist, devoted to college interests. In 1902 the instructors and assistants numbered 59, and the attendance was 1396, including 298 preparatory students. The endowment was $491,181, the income $80,270, the value of the grounds and buildings $340,000, and the total value of the college property $552,165. The library contained 24,525 volumes.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Kansas Indians

Edition of 1905. See also the disclaimer.
​ KANSAS INDIANS. A Siouan tribe. See Kaw.
# The Little French Girl/Part 3

PART III
# The Little Lady of the Big House

Author of "The Valley of the Moon," "The Star Rover," "The Sea Wolf," Etc.
* Chapter I
* Chapter II
* Chapter III
* Chapter IV
* Chapter V
* Chapter VI
* Chapter VII
* Chapter VIII
* Chapter IX
* Chapter X
* Chapter XI
* Chapter XII
* Chapter XIII
* Chapter XIV
* Chapter XV
* Chapter XVI
* Chapter XVII
* Chapter XVIII
* Chapter XIX
* Chapter XX
* Chapter XXI
* Chapter XXII
* Chapter XXIII
* Chapter XXIV
* Chapter XXV
* Chapter XXVI
* Chapter XXVII
* Chapter XXVIII
* Chapter XXIX
* Chapter XXX
* Chapter XXXI
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The New Student's Reference Work/Arequipa

See also Arequipa Region on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Arequipa (ä′ rā́-kē′ pȧ). A department in the South American republic of Peru. It lies in the southern part of the republic, between Lake Titicaca and the Pacific. Its area is 21,947 square miles, with a population of 229,007. Its capital is the city of Arequipa which lies in a fertile valley near the volcano of Misti (sometimes called Arequipa), which rises to a height of 20,260 feet. Notable buildings are the cathedral, public library, hospital, astronomical and meteorological observatories. The meteorological station is 16,280 feet above sea level, the highest in the world. Its exports include (besides minerals) cotton, coffee, hides, rice, cocaine, wool and sugar. The province, being on the Andean range, is mountainous. A railway connects it with Mollendo, its port on the Pacific, while a line connects it eastward with Puno on Lake Titicaca. Population, 35,000.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Argyle, George Douglas Campbell

See also George Campbell, 8th Duke of Argyll on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Argyle (är-gīl'), George Douglas Campbell, eighth duke of, was born April 30, 1823, and died April 24, 1900. He held important offices in the English government, and was a liberal in politics. He also wrote valuable religious and scientific works, among them The Reign of Law, and Primeval Man. His eldest son, the Marquis of Lorne, married the Princess Louise, daughter of the late Queen Victoria. This is the first instance of the marriage of a daughter of a reigning sovereign of England to a subject. The marquis succeeded to the dukedom on the death of his father.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Argos

See also Argos on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Ar'gos, an important city of ancient Greece, in Argolis. It was believed to be the oldest city in Greece, dating back as far as 1500 B. C. At the time of the Trojan War it was a famous capital, and from it the Greeks were often called Argives (ar' jivz). Before the rise of Sparta, Argos was at the head of a powerful league of Doric cities, but in later Greek history it plays little part. Its site is occupied by a modern town of the same name, which has a population of about 10,000. Here are remains of ancient cyclopean structures, among them a grand amphitheater hewn in the rock and a large aqueduct.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Aries

See also Aries (constellation) on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Aries (ā' ri-ēz), a northern constellation, known as the ram. It is the first of the twelve signs in the zodiac, which the sun enters at the vernal equinox (March 21). Owing to the precession of the equinoxes, the constellation now is not within the limits of the sign.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Argonauts

See also Argonauts on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Argonauts (ar′ gō-nat), in Greek story, the band of heroes who sailed, before the Trojan war in the ship Argo, in search of the golden fleece; Argonauts meaning sailors of the Argo. Pelias, king of Iolcus in Thessaly, was warned by an oracle to fear his nephew, Jason, and so, hoping he would be killed, he sent him to capture and bring home the fleece of the ram which had carried off the brother and sister, Phrixus and Helle, and which Phrixus had sacrificed to Jupiter. Phrixus had nailed the fleece to an oak in the grove of Mars in Colchis, where it was guarded by a sleepless dragon and by fire-breathing bulls. Jason set sail with the principal heroes of Greece, among them Castor and Pollux, Hercules and Orpheus. After various adventures in Lemnos, Mysia and the land of the Bebryces, and after successfully passing between the floating islands of the Symplegades, which were dreaded because of their custom of dashing to pieces whatever came in their way, the Argonauts reached Colchis. The king of Colchis promised Jason the golden fleece if he would yoke the fire-breathing bulls to the plow and sow the dragon’s teeth, from which warriors always sprang up to kill the sower. With the aid of Medea, the king’s daughter, a powerful enchantress, who had fallen in love with Jason, the latter achieved these tasks. Finding the king plotting against him, he seized the fleece and set sail with Medea and her brother, Absyrtus. When the king pursued them, Medea killed her brother, and throwing his body into the sea, piece by piece, so delayed her father, that the Argo escaped, though, because of their crime, they suffered many things on their homeward journey.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Argyll, John Douglas Sutherland Campbell

See also John Campbell, 9th Duke of Argyll on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Argyll, John Douglas Sutherland Campbell, ninth duke of, long known as Marquis of Lorne, husband of H. R. H. Princess Louise, fourth daughter of the late Queen Victoria, was born in 1845 in London and educated at St. Andrews University and Trinity College, Cambridge. From 1868 to 1878 he represented Argyllshire in Parliament as Liberal member, and later sat for South Manchester. In 1871 he married Princess Louise, and was governor-general of Canada from 1878 to 1883. In 1900 he succeeded to the dukedom of Argyll and has since sat in the House of Peers. His writings include A Trip to the Tropics, Guido and Lita, The Psalms Literally Rendered in Verse, a work on Imperial Federation and a Life of Queen Victoria.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Argon

See also Argon on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Ar′gon, a gaseous element discovered in 1895 by Lord Rayleigh and Professor Ramsay of England. It exists in the air to the amount of about one per cent. It is somewhat heavier than air. All efforts to make it combine chemically with other elements have failed. In this inertness it differs from every known element except four others recently discovered, called helium, neon, krypton and xenon, that are associated with it in the air in extremely minute quantities.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Ariadne

See also Ariadne on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Ariad'ne. See Theseus.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Arion

See also Arion on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Ari'on, a poet and musician of Lesbos, Greece, who lived about 625 B. C. He is said to have invented a new form of verse; but all we know of him is the pretty story told of him by the historian Herodotus. Arion had traveled all over the world and gained great fame and a large sum of money by his skill in singing. On the homeward voyage the sight of his treasure roused the cupidity of the sailors, and they decided to kill him. He was told he must either die by his own hand on shipboard or throw himself into the sea. He chose the latter, but first asked leave to sing one last song. The sailors agreed, and Arion, standing on the deck, sang a dirge, accompanying himself on the lyre. He then jumped overboard, but instead of drowning was borne up by a dolphin that had been charmed by the music. The dolphin carried him to the coast, from which he reached home before the ship. He told his story to the prince, who hardly believed him. On the landing of the sailors, they first said that they had left Arion behind; but when they saw him, they quickly confessed and were punished.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Foster, John Watson

See also John Watson Foster on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Fos’ter, John Watson, American diplomatist, was born in Pike County, Ind., on March 2, 1836, and graduated from the University of Indiana. After taking a law-course at Harvard, he practiced law at Evansville, Ind., where the also was postmaster for a time. He distinguished himself during the Civil War as major and colonel of Indiana regiments. Subsequently he held diplomatic appointments, being minister to Mexico (1873-80), to Russia (1881) and to Spain (1883-85). In 1892 he succeeded Blaine as secretary of state, and in the following year represented the United States at Paris in the Bering Sea arbitration. He has also acted as plenipotentiary in the negotiation of reciprocity treaties, and has acted as peace-commissioner and envoy of the United States in international arbitration. His history of American diplomacy is a final authority.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Foundation

See also Foundation (architecture) on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Foundation, the base upon which a structure is built or placed, as the foundation of a building, a bridge-pier or an engine. The object is to furnish a base which shall not settle or, if it does settle in the least, that this settling shall be perfectly uniform. The best foundation-base is solid rock, as this is firm and not affected by water, but some gravels and clays are equally good, if they are not saturated with water. The most difficult soils for foundations are soft, compressible earths saturated with water. Where it is possible, it is best to go down until rock, gravel or "hard-pan" is reached. It is often necessary to go down 75 or 100 feet to find such firm material. Where the soil is of a yielding nature, the area of the base must be so enlarged as to decrease the pressure per square foot to safe limits. A common method in soft soils is to drive piles, saw them off at the surface and erect the foundation on a platform on these piles. The whole of the Back-Bay district in Boston is on pile-foundations. Sometimes masonry, concreted timber or iron platform foundations are used. Thus in Chicago, where the soil is boggy and it is impracticable to reach good rock, the foundations of many of the heaviest buildings have been erected on an iron and concrete platform. A cubical pile of crossed iron-rails is made and filled in with concrete, and the building is placed on these. For foundation-bases under water, or under soils saturated with water, coffer-dams and caissons must be used to get the masonry-work down to a firm base. (See Cofferdam and Caisson.) The Romans seem to have been the first to make a serious study of foundations. It is said that the sites of the cathedrals of the middle ages were selected primarily with reference to getting a suitable foundation, and that, even so, many mediaeval structures have disappeared on account of improper foundations. The subject of foundations is one of the most important problems of modern engineering, and it is often found necessary to spend large sums in preliminary borings to determine the character of the soils.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Fortuny y Carbo, Mariano

See also Mariano Fortuny (painter) on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Fortuny y Carbo (fṓr-to͞o′ nḗ ḗ kär′ bṓ′), Mariano, an eminent Spanish painter, was born at Reus, in Catalonia, in 1839, and studied at the Academy of Barcelona and in Italy. He was a vivid portrayer of domestic life in the east. Among his best-known works are The Spanish Marriage and Academicians Choosing a Model. He died at Rome on Nov. 21, 1874.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Foundry

See also Foundry on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Foundry, an establishment for casting. Casting consists in pouring a molten metal into a suitably shaped mold in which it cools and solidifies, thus forming a metallic figure of the shape of the mold. Metal-casting is as old as civilization, but it has been greatly developed in very recent times. Most metals can be cast, but iron, brass, bronze, zinc, aluminium and type-metal are the metals most used for casting in the industries. The molds are formed of loam, molding-sand, plaster of Paris or metal. In type-founding, steel molds are used. To form a mold in loam or sand requires a pattern. This pattern is usually of wood, but may be of metal. Pattern-making for casting parts of machinery forms a special trade. Iron is melted for casting in a furnace called a cupola. The principle of foundry-work is simple, but the practice of it requires much skill and special knowledge, and special treatises must be consulted for details of the work of a foundry.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Fortuna

See also Fortuna (mythology) on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Fortu’na, called by the Greeks Tyche, was, in mythology, the goddess of chance. Pindar considers her a sister of the Fates. She differed from them, however, in working without law, conferring joy or sorrow as she pleased. She had temples at Smyrna, Corinth and Elis, and two statues of her at Antium were consulted as oracles. Greek poets and sculptors represented her with a rudder, with a ball or wheel or with wings. The Romans proudly said that when she entered their city, she threw away her ball and put off her wings and shoes, to indicate that she meant to dwell with them forever.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Forum

See also Forum (Roman) on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Fo′rum, the name applied by the Romans to a public space, especially to the marketplace in a city, where public affairs were discussed, courts of justice held and money transactions carried on. In Rome the name was applied particularly to the famous forum, the low, level space extending from the foot of the Capitoline Hill to the northeastern part of the Palatine.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Fortune Bay

See also Fortune Bay on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Fortune Bay, an electoral district of Newfoundland. Population (1901) 8,762; chief towns: Belloram, Garnish, Harbor Breton, Pushthrough and Bay d’Argent.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Fouche, Joseph

See also Joseph Fouche on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Fouche (fōō’shâ’), Joseph (Duke of Otranto), minister of police under Napoleon, was born at Nantes, France, on May 29, 1760. He was elected to the national convention in 1792 and expelled in 1794. In 1799 he was appointed minister of police, and held the office until 1815. He was a man of one ambition — his own political success. He was indispensable to Napoleon, yet was dismissed by him twice, but reinstated each time. He was given office by Louis XVIII, but dismissed by him in September, 1815. He was then appointed ambassador to Dresden, and, being included among those who were banished, as having been concerned in the execution of Louis XVI, he henceforth led an exile's life and died at Trieste on Dec. 25, 1820.