OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Moulton, Thomas

​MOULTON, THOMAS (fl. 1540?), Dominican, calls himself 'Doctor of Divinity of the order of Friar Preachers.' He was author of a curious work partly dealing with medicine, partly with astrology, entitled 'This is the Myrour or Glasse of Helthe necessary and nedefull for every persone to loke in that wyll kepe body frome the Syckness of the Pestilence. And it sheweth howe the Planetts reygne in every houre of the daye and nyght with the natures and exposicions of the xii signes devyded by the xii monthes of the yere, and sheweth the remedyes for many divers infirmities and dyseases that hurteth the body of man.' After the prologue and table of contents the author gives four reasons for the production of his book, first, the prayers of his own brethren; secondly, the prayers of 'many worthy gentiles;' thirdly, his compassion 'for the pore people that was and is destroyed every daye thereby for default of helpe;' fourthly, the working of pure conscience (cf. Brydges, Censura Literaria, iv. 156-7). One of the copies in the British Museum Library has the title-page of Andrew Boorde's 'Regyment of Helth' prefixed to it (cf. Furnivall, Boorde's Introduction and Dyetary, p. 12).
The first edition of Moulton's work was printed and published by Robert Wyer in 1539 (?), and seems to have been in considerable request. At least nine editions were published in London between 1539 and 1565. Moulton's name carried weight even as late as 1656, when it appeared on the title-page of a book called the 'Compleat Bone-Setter,' which was alleged to have been originally written by him, but contained little of his work.
[Tanner's Bibl. Brit.-Hib.; Ames's Typogr. Antiq.; Brit. Mus. Cat.]
W. C.-r.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Mounsteven, John

​MOUNSTEVEN, JOHN (1644–1706), politician, baptised at St. Mabyn, Cornwall, in 1644, was son of John Mounstephen or Mounsteven (d. 1672), who married at St. Mabyn in 1640 Elizabeth Tamlyn (d. 1664). He matriculated from Christ Church, Oxford, as pauper puer on 7 Dec. 1666, and graduated B.A. in 1671. After this he repaired to London and became secretary to the Earl of Sunderland, who, on receiving the appointment of secretary of state to James II, made him the under-secretary. When Sunderland ​lost his office he discarded his secretary, an event to which Prior refers in his 'Epistle to Fleetwood Shepherd,' 1689, in the words,
Nor leave me now at. six and seven As Sunderland has left Mun Stephen.
In 1685 he purchased the estate of Lancarfe in Bodmin, Cornwall. He was one of the free burgesses of Bodmin in the charter of 27 March 1685; represented the Cornish burgh of Bossiney from 1685 to 1688, and that of West Looe from 1695 to 1701, 1705 to 1706. Afterwards he fell into a despondent state and cut his throat on 19 Dec. 1706, dying intestate and without issue. His name frequently occurs in the diary of Henry Sidney, afterwards Earl of Romney, and he was a friend of Thomas Cartwright, bishop of Chester (Diary, Camden Soc., 1843, pp. 62-74). There are letters by him in Blencowe's ' Diary, &c., of Henry Sidney,' i. 97-101, 252-5, 282-3, ii. 22-3, and in the British Museum Addit. MS. 28876.
[Maclean's Trigg Minor, i. 216, 262, 300; Foster's Alumni Oxon.; Luttrell's Brief. Hist. Relation, vi. 119; Courtney's Parl. Repr. of Cornwall, pp. 136-330.]
W. P. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Mountain, Didymus

Same person as Hill, Thomas (fl.1590).
​MOUNTAIN, DIDYMUS, alleged writer on gardening, was the pseudonym under which was published in 1577 a valuable treatise on ornamental gardening by Thomas Hill (fl. 1590) [q. v.l The work assigned to the pseudonymous Mountain was entitled 'The Gardener's Labyrinth. Containing a Discourse of the Gardener's Life in the yearly Travels to be bestowed on his Plot of Earth, for the Use of a Garden; with Instructions for the choise of Seedes, apt Times for Sowing, Setting, Planting, and Watering, and Vessels and Instruments serving to that Use and Purpose: wherein are set forth divers Herbes, Knots, and Mazes, cunningly handled for the beautifying of Gardens; also the Physicke Benefit of each Herb, Plant, and Flowre, with the Vertues of the distilled Waters of every of them, as by the Sequel may further appeare, gathered out of the best approved Writers of Gardening, Husbandrie, and Pyisicke, by Didymus Mountain,' London, by Henry Bynneman, 1577, 4to (in 2 parts). A dedication addressed to Lord Burghley is signed by Henry Dethicke, who states there that the author had recently died. Edmund Southerne, in his 'Treatise concerning the right use and ordering of Bees,' 1593 (B.,), describes the book as the work of Thomas Hill. Woodcut illustrations of much practical interest diversify the text. On p. 53 appears a curious plate, entitled 'Maner of watering with a pumpe in a tubbe.' Other editions are dated 1578, 1586 (by John Wolfe), 1594 (by Adam Islip), 1608 (by Henry Ballard), 1652, and 1656.
Hill had already published in 1567 ' The Profitable Art of Gardening;' 'The Gardener's Labyrinth,'although different in plan, deals in greater detail with some of the topics already discussed in the earlier treatise.
[Brit. Mus. Addit. MS. 24490, p. 410; Samuel Felton's Gardeners' Portraits; Brydges's Restituta, i. 129; Notes and Queries, 2nd ser. xii. 85; Brit. Mus. Cat.; and see art. Hill, Thomas.]
S. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Mountague, William

​MOUNTAGUE, WILLIAM (1773–1843), architect and surveyor, born in 1773, was pupil and for many years principal assistant to George Dance the younger [q. v.] On the resignation by the latter of the post of clerk of the works to the corporation of the city of London, Mountague was appointed to act in his place until 22 Feb. 1816, when he was definitely appointed to the post. He had in 1812 been made surveyor to the corporation improvement committee. During his surveyorship numerous improvements were made in the city, including new streets, additions to the Guildhall, Farringdon Market, &c. Mountague also had a large private practice as a surveyor. He died on 12 April 1843, aged 70, and was buried in the Bunhill Fields burial-ground.
Mountague, Frederick William (d. 1841), architect and surveyor, was only son and chief assistant to the above. He was engaged as surveyor on many metropolitan improvements, and also had a large private practice. While engaged on a survey on the estate of the Duke of Buckingham he was thrown from his gig and died on 2 Dec. 1841.
[Papworth's Dict. of Architecture; Redgrave's Dict. of Artists.]
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Moundeford, Thomas

​MOUNDEFORD, THOMAS, M.D. (1550–1630), physician, fourth son of Osbert Moundeford and his wife Bridget, daughter of Sir John Spilman of Narburgh, Norfolk, was born in 1550 at Feltwell, Norfolk, where his father's monument is still to be seen in the parish church. He was educated at Eton and admitted a scholar of King's College, Cambridge, on 16 Aug. 1568. On 17 Aug. 1571 he was admitted a fellow, and graduated B.A. 1572 and M.A. 1576. On 18 July 1580 he diverted to the study of medicine. From 1580 to 1583 he was bursar of King's College and left the college in August 1583. He married soon after Mary Hill, daughter of Richard Hill, mercer, of Milk Street, London, but continued to reside in Cambridge till he had graduated M.D. He then moved to London, and 9 April 1593 was a licentiate of the College of Physicians, and 29 Jan. 1594 a fellow. He lived in Milk Street in the city of London. He was seven times a censor of the College of Physicians, was treasurer in 1608, and president 1612, 1613, 1614, 1619, 1621, 1622, and 1623. He published in 1622 a small book entitled 'Vir Bonus,' dedicated to James I, to John, bishop of Lincoln, and to four judges, Sir James Lee, Sir Julius Cæsar, Sir Henry Hobart, and Sir Laurence Tanfield. This large legal acquaintance was due to the fact that his daughter Bridget had, in 1606, married Sir John Bramston, afterwards, in 1635, chief justice of the king's bench. The book is divided into four parts, 'Temperantia,' 'Prudentia,' 'Justicia,' and 'Fortitude.' He praises the king, denounces smoking, alludes to the 'Basilicon Doron,' and shows that he was well read in Cicero, Tertullian, the Greek testament, and the Latin bible, and expresses admiration of Beza. The whole is a summary of what experience had taught him of the conduct of life. He became blind and died in 1630 in Sir John Bramston's house in Philip Lane, London. He was buried in the church of St. Mary Magdalen, Milk Street, which was burnt in the great fire. His wife died in her ninety-fourth year, in 1656, in the house in which they had lived together in Milk Street. He had two sons: Osbert, admitted a scholar of King's College, Cambridge, on 25 Aug. 1601, aged 16; and Richard, admitted a scholar of the same college on 25 Aug. 1603. Both died before their father, and their epitaph, in English verse, is given in Stow's 'London.' It was in the church of St. Mary Magdalen. He had also two daughters, Bridget, above mentioned, and Katharine, who married Christopher Rander of Burton in Lincolnshire.
[Munk's Coll. of Phys. i. 103; Blomefield's Essay towards a Topographical History of the County of Norfolk, 1805, ii. 187; Autobiography of Sir John Bramston (Camden Soc.), 1845; extracts from the original Protocollum Book of King's College, Cambridge, kindly made by A. Tilley, fellow of the college; Works.]
N. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Mount, William

​MOUNT, WILLIAM (1545–1602), master of the Savoy, born at Mortlake, Surrey, in 1545, was educated at Eton, whence he proceeded to King's College, Cambridge, of which he was admitted scholar on 3 Oct. 1563 and fellow on 4 Oct. 1566. He graduated B.A. in 1567, and resigned his fellowship between Christmas 1569 and Lady-day, 1570. Mount, who owed much to the patronage of Secretary Sir Thomas Smith and Lord Burghley (Cal. State Papers, Dom. 1547-80, pp. 294, 301), at first studied medicine, but subsequently took orders, and was appointed master of the Savoy in January 1593-4. He was also domestic chaplain to Lord Burghley. He proceeded D.D., but no record of the degree exists at Cambridge. He died in December 1602 (Chamberlain, Letters, Camd. Soc., p. 170).
Mount was author of:
* 'Directions for making distilled Waters, Compound and Simple,' 1590, in Lansdowne MS. 65, art. 75
* 'Description of the Ingredients of a certain Composition called Sage Water,' 1591, in Lansdowne MS. 68, art. 88.
* 'Latin Verses prefixed to Matthias de L'Obel's "Balsami, Opobalsami, Carpobalsami, & Xylobalsami, cum suo Cortice, explanatio," ' 1598. L'Obel, who visited Mount in 1597, expresses his admiration of Mount's skill in making distilled waters (p. 20).
[Cooper's Athenæ Cantabr. ii. 271.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Northall, John

​NORTHALL, JOHN (1723?–1759), captain in the royal artillery, entered the service as a gentleman-cadet in the royal regiment of artillery on 1 July 1741, and was promoted to the rank of lieutenant fireworker on 1 April 1742. He served under Colonel Thomas Pattison, R.A., with the royal artillery in Flanders in 1742, and was promoted second lieutenant on 1 April 1744. He was present at the battle of Fontenoy on 11 May 1745, and became first lieutenant on ​3 Oct. 1745, captain-lieutenant 24 March 1752, and captain 1 Oct. 1755. In February 1752 he went to Minorca, and thence embarked for Leghorn. Instead of making the usual tour of Italy, he first visited the principal cities of Tuscany, and, after a cursory visit to Rome, went to Naples. Then, after a more lengthened stay in Rome, he went to Loretto, Bologna, Venice, Mantua, Parma, Modena, and returned to Leghorn, whence he sailed for Genoa. From Genoa he went by sea to Villafranca, and on by land to Marseilles. He died in 1759. A posthumous account of his Italian tour was published in July 1766: ‘Travels through Italy; containing new and curious Observations on that Country. … With the most authentic Account yet published of capital Pieces in Painting, Sculpture, and Architecture that are to be seen in Italy, &c.,’ London, 1766, 8vo.
[Duncan's History of the Royal Artillery, i. 124, 127; Kane's List of Officers of the Royal Artillery; Gent. Mag. 1766, p. 336.]
B. H. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Northampton, Henry de

Henry of Northampton in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
​NORTHAMPTON, HENRY de, or FITZPETER (fl. 1202), judge, was probably a brother of Geoffrey Fitzpeter, earl of Essex [q. v.], who seems to have been closely connected with Northamptonshire, for both he and Simon Fitzpeter were in several years sheriffs of the county. Henry was an officer of the exchequer, a canon of St. Paul's (Dugdale, Origines Juridiciales, pp. 21, 22), and held the church of St. Peter's, Northampton (Close Rolls, i. 520). He was a justice itinerant for Lincolnshire, Cambridgeshire, and Huntingdonshire in 1189 ​(Pipe Roll, 1 Ric. I. 69, 194), and sat as one of the king's justices at Westminster and in the country in 1202 and later. In 1205 King John granted Henry Fitzpeter de Northampton license to make a park at Little Lunford (probably Ludford in Lincolnshire) (Rotuli Chartarum, ed. Hardy, i. 151), and from that year to 1207 Henry was joint-sheriff of Northamptonshire (Close Rolls, i. 34, 77). It may be inferred that he joined the baronial party, of which until his death Geoffrey Fitzpeter had been leader, for in November 1215 his lands and houses in Northampton were given away by the king (ib. p. 238). He received letters of protection in the following March. He founded an hospital within the precincts of St. Paul's, London (Monasticon, vi. 767). Dugdale (Baronage, i. 705) reckons a Henry, dean of Wolverhampton, among the sons of Geoffrey Fitzpeter, earl of Essex, and it does not seem possible to distinguish clearly between him and this Henry de Northampton.
[Authorities quoted; Foss's Judges of England, ii. 99, where the omission of any notice of a probable relationship between Henry and Earl Geoffrey must be noted as against the theory stated above; Dugdale's Chron. Survey, and Monasticon, vi. 767; Rot. Litt. Claus. i. 34, 77, 238, 520, ed. Hardy (Record publ.); Rot. Litt. Pat. pp. 54, 169, ed. Hardy (Record publ.); Pipe Roll, 1 Ric. I, pp. 69, 194, ed. Hunter (Record publ.)]
W. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Querouaille, Louise Renée de

​QUEROUAILLE, LOUISE RENÉE de, Duchess of Portsmouth and Aubigny (1649–1734). [See Kerouaille.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Queensberry, Catherine

​QUEENSBERRY, CATHERINE, Duchess of (d. 1777). [See under Douglas, Charles, third Duke of Queensberry, 1698–1778.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Queensberry, Earls of

​QUEENSBERRY, Earls of. [See Douglas, James, second Earl, d. 1671; Douglas, Sir William, first Earl, d. 1640.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Quesnel, Peter

​QUESNEL or QUESUEL, PETER (d. 1299?), Franciscan, was warden of the Franciscan house at Norwich, and died about 1299. He enjoyed a high repute as ‘theologian and doctor of the canon law,’ and was author of ‘Directorium Juris in Foro Conscientiæ et Juridiciali.’ This work is divided into four books: (1) ‘De summa Trinitate et fide Catholica, et de septem Sacramentis;’ (2) ‘De iisdem Sacramentis ministrandis et accipiendis;’ (3) ‘De Criminibus quæ a Sacramentis impediunt et de pœnis iisdem injungendis;’ (4) ‘De iis quæ ad jus spectant ordinate dirigendis.’ There is a manuscript at Merton College, Oxford (No. 223), in which, however, books ii. and iv. are imperfect. The proœmium opens with the words, ‘Si quis ignorat ignorabitur;’ the treatise itself commences ‘Dignus es Domine aperire librum.’ Wadding says of this work, ‘Volumen ingens et stylus elegans.’ There was formerly a copy at Norwich, and Wadding also mentions that there were manuscripts in the Vatican and in the Franciscan library at Toledo. There were also copies in the library of the Santa Croce at Florence (two manuscripts), in the Colbert collection at Paris (two copies), and in the libraries at Padua, Clairvaux, and St. Martin of Tours (Montfaucon, Bibliotheca Bibliothecarum, ii. 1337). In the library of the Santa Croce there is an anonymous epitome. In one edition (Padua, 1475) of the ‘Commentarii in libros Physicorum Aristotelis,’ ascribed to John Canonicus, the first and second books of the ‘Questiones’ are ascribed to ‘Doctor Canonicus Magister Petrus Casuelis ordinis minorum’ (Little, Greyfriars at Oxford, p. 224 n. 1, Oxf. Hist. Soc.).
C. L. K.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Quick, Henry

​QUICK, HENRY (1792–1857), the Cornish poet, born on 4 Dec. 1792, of humble parentage, at Zennor, where he spent his life, wrote from youth upwards rugged verses for the countryside. He increased a precarious income by the sale of popular journals, which he procured each month from Penzance. From 1830 until his death he commemorated in verse all the local calamities and crimes, usually closing each poem with a religious exhortation. Most of his lucubrations he printed as broadsides. In 1836 he wrote his ‘Life and Progress’ in eighty-nine verses. He also printed ‘A new Copy, &c., on the Glorious Coronation of Queen Victoria’ (1838); ‘A new Copy of Verses on the Scarcity of the Present Season and Dreadful Famine in Ireland’ (1848); and similar trifles both in verse and prose.
An engraving represents Quick in curious costume, with a printed sheet in his hand and a basket under his arm (Millett, Penzance Past and Present, p. 36). He died at Mill Hill Down, Zennor, on 9 Oct. 1857.
G. Le G. N.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Queensberry, Dukes of

​QUEENSBERRY, Dukes of. [See Douglas, Charles, third Duke, 1698–1778; Douglas, James, second Duke, 1662–1711; Douglas, William, first Duke, 1637–1695; Douglas, William, fourth Duke, 1724–1810.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Quemerford, Nicholas

​QUEMERFORD, NICHOLAS (1554?–1599), Jesuit. [See Comberford.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Quesne, Charles Le

​QUESNE, CHARLES Le (1811–1856), writer on Jersey. [See Le Quesne.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Palmer, James (d.1657)

​PALMER, Sir JAMES (d. 1657), chancellor of the order of the Garter, was third son of Sir Thomas Palmer (1540–1626) [q. v.] of Wingham, Kent, by Margaret, daughter of John Pooley of Badley, Suffolk. Palmer obtained a place in the household of James I, and on 27 April 1622 was appointed a gentleman of the bedchamber, with an annual salary of 200l., afterwards raised to 500l. He appears early in life to have become one of the personal friends of Charles when Prince of Wales, and to have continued so after his accession to the throne. As an amateur artist of some merit Palmer shared the king's tastes, and assisted him with advice and in other ways in the formation of the celebrated royal collection of pictures. He is known to have copied several pictures in the royal collection, probably on a small scale, as one of Titian's ‘Tarquin and Lucretia’ is noted among the king's collection of limnings as done by James Palmer after Titian, and given by him to the king. Palmer was one of the governors of the royal tapestry works at Mortlake, and in the catalogue of Charles I's collection is mentioned ‘a little piece of Bacchus his feast, of many young children and angels, which the king delivered with his own hands to Sir James Palmer, for him to use for a pattern for the making of hangings, the which he has sent to Mortlack amongst the tapistry works.’ Five pictures in the same collection are noted as ‘placed in the Tennis Court Chamber at Sir James Palmer's lodgings.’
When Sir Thomas Roe [q. v.] chancellor of the order of the Garter, was absent on a diplomatic mission, Palmer was appointed his deputy in February 1638, and in that capacity on 22 May moved the king to revive the ancient usage for the ladies of knights to wear some of the decorations of the order. He served three times as Roe's deputy, and on 2 March 1645 succeeded him as chancellor. The civil wars and the ensuing Commonwealth must, however, have prevented him from receiving any of the emoluments of the office, and he died in 1657 before the restoration of the monarchy. Palmer's collection of pictures, which included many from Charles I's collection, was sold by auction on 20 April 1689. Palmer was twice married: first to Martha, daughter and heiress of Sir William Gerard of Dorney, Buckinghamshire; she died in 1617, and was buried at Enfield in Middlesex, where a monument by Nicholas Stone was erected to her memory. By her he was father of Sir Philip Palmer of Dorney Court, and a daughter Vere, married to Thomas Jenyns of Hayes in Middlesex. Palmer married, secondly, Catherine, daughter of William Herbert, lord Powis, and widow of Sir Robert Vaughan, by whom he was father of Roger Palmer (afterwards Earl of Castlemaine) [q. v.] whose marriage with the celebrated Barbara Villiers [q. v.] he did his best to prevent.
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Palmer, John (1650-1700?)

​PALMER, JOHN (1650–1700?), colonial lawyer and public official, came from Barbados to New York a little before 1675, and in that year was appointed ranger of Staten Island, then constituted a separate jurisdiction. By a usage not uncommon at that time, he held office in several colonies. In 1682 he was appointed a member of the ​council of East New Jersey, and in 1684 of that of New York. Earlier in 1684 he had been raised to the bench as judge of the court of oyer and terminer at New York. Two years later he was sent by Dongan, the governor of New York, to act virtually as deputy-governor at Pemaquid, an outlying dependency to the north. There Palmer seems to have incurred odium by his arbitrary conduct in the matter of land titles. In 1687 he was sent by Dongan as a special commissioner to Connecticut, to advocate the union of that colony with New York. In the same year he was sent to England to report for the king on colonial affairs. When James II attempted to consolidate the northern colonies under the government of Andros, Palmer returned as a councillor to the new province, and was imprisoned by the Boston insurgents in 1689. While in prison he wrote a justification of the policy of Andros and his supporters, and circulated it in manuscript in New England. After the proclamation of William III at Boston, Palmer, together with Andros, was sent back to England. He there published his pamphlet under the title ‘An Impartial Account of the State of New England, or the late Government there vindicated’ (1689). It is a laboured production, and contrasts unfavourably with the vigorous writing of Increase Mather on the opposite side. It was republished in the next year at Boston with alterations, and both versions are reprinted in the ‘Andros Tracts.’
J. A. D.