OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Egyptian Literature/Cuneiform Inscriptions and Hieratic Papyri

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CUNEIFORM INSCRIPTIONS AND HIERATIC PAPYRI
[Translated by Various Egyptologists]
CONTENTS
| Cuneiform Inscriptions and Hieratic Papyri: | page |
| The Great Tablet of Rameses II | 315 |
| Hymn to Osiris | 321 |
| Travels of an Egyptian | 327 |
| Dirge of Menephtah | 334 |
| Hymn to the Nile | 335 |
| Solemn Festal Dirge of the Egyptians | 341 |
| Hymns to Amen | 343 |
| Hymn to Pharaoh | 345 |
| The Song of the Harper | 346 |
| Hymn to Amen-Ra | 349 |
| Hymn to Ra-Harmachis | 356 |
| Lamentations of Isis and Nephthys | 360 |
| Litany of Ra | 366 |
| The Book of Respirations | 385 |
| Epic of Penta-our | 395 |
# Egyptian Literature/Egyptian Tales

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EGYPTIAN TALES
Translated from the Papyri
[Edited by Wm. Flinders Petrie, Hon. D.C.L., LL.D., Edwards Professor of Egyptology, University College, London.]
CONTENTS
| Egyptian Tales: | page |
| The Taking of Joppa | 135 |
| The Doomed Prince | 137 |
| Anpu and Bata | 140 |
| Setna and the Magic Book | 149 |
| Tales of the Magicians | 159 |
| The Peasant and the Workman | 169 |
| The Shipwrecked Sailor | 173 |
| The Adventures of Sanehat | 177 |
# Egyptian Literature/Contents

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ILLUSTRATIONS :
| facing page ||
| Thalie | Frontispiece |
| Photogravure from the Original Painting by Paul Baudry ||
| Page From an Arabo-Coptec Pentateuch | 188 |
| Fac-simile Manuscript of the Fourteenth Century ||
| The Spirit of Emotion | 392 |
| Photo-engraving from the Original Statue by Début in the Grand Opera House, Paris ||
# Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Jehovah-jireh

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Jehovah-jireh Jehovah will see; i.e., will provide, the name given by Abraham to the scene of his offering up the ram which was caught in the thicket on Mount Moriah. The expression used in Gen. 22:14, "in the mount of the Lord it shall be seen," has been regarded as equivalent to the saying, "Man's extremity is God's opportunity."
# Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Jeremiah, Book of

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Jeremiah, Book of Consists of twenty-three separate and independent sections, arranged in five books. I. The introduction, ch. 1. II. Reproofs of the sins of the Jews, consisting of seven sections, (1.) ch. 2; (2.) ch. 3-6; (3.) ch. 7-10; (4.) ch. 11-13; (5.) ch. 14-17:18; (6.) ch. 17:19-ch. 20; (7.) ch. 21-24. III. A general review of all nations, in two sections, (1.) ch. 46-49; (2.) ch. 25; with an historical appendix of three sections, (1.) ch. 26; (2.) ch. 27; (3.) ch. 28, 29. IV. Two sections picturing the hopes of better times, (1.) ch. 30, 31; (2.) ch. 32, 33; to which is added an historical appendix in three sections, (1.) ch. 34:1-7; (2.) ch. 34:8-22; (3.) ch. 35. V. The conclusion, in two sections, (1.) ch. 36; (2.) ch. 45.
In Egypt, after an interval, Jeremiah is supposed to have added three sections, viz., ch. 37-39; 40-43; and 44.
The principal Messianic prophecies are found in 23:1-8; 31:31-40; and 33:14-26.
Jeremiah's prophecies are noted for the frequent repetitions found in them of the same words and phrases and imagery. They cover the period of about 30 years. They are not recorded in the order of time. When and under what circumstances this book assumed its present form we know not.
The LXX. Version of this book is, in its arrangement and in other particulars, singularly at variance with the original. The LXX. omits 10:6-8; 27:19-22; 29:16-20; 33:14-26; 39:4-13; 52:2, 3, 15, 28-30, etc. About 2,700 words in all of the original are omitted. These omissions, etc., are capricious and arbitrary, and render the version unreliable.
# Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Jephthah

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Jephthah Whom God sets free, or the breaker through, a "mighty man of valour" who delivered Israel from the oppression of the Ammonites (Judg. 11:1-33), and judged Israel six years (12:7). He has been described as "a wild, daring, Gilead mountaineer, a sort of warrior Elijah." After forty-five years of comparative quiet Israel again apostatized, and in "process of time the children of Ammon made war against Israel" (11:5). In their distress the elders of Gilead went to fetch Jephthah out of the land of Tob, to which he had fled when driven out wrongfully by his brothers from his father's inheritance (2), and the people made him their head and captain. The "elders of Gilead" in their extremity summoned him to their aid, and he at once undertook the conduct of the war against Ammon. Twice he sent an embassy to the king of Ammon, but in vain. War was inevitable. The people obeyed his summons, and "the spirit of the Lord came upon him." Before engaging in war he vowed that if successful he would offer as a "burnt-offering" whatever would come out of the door of his house first to meet him on his return. The defeat of the Ammonites was complete. "He smote them from Aroer, even till thou come to Minnith, even twenty cities, and unto the plain of the vineyards [Heb. `Abel Keramim], with a very great slaughter" (Judg. 11:33). The men of Ephraim regarded themselves as insulted in not having been called by Jephthah to go with him to war against Ammon. This led to a war between the men of Gilead and Ephraim (12:4), in which many of the Ephraimites perished. (See [315]SHIBBOLETH.) "Then died Jephthah the Gileadite, and was buried in one of the cities of Gilead" (7).
# Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Jephthah's vow

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Jephthah's vow (Judg. 11:30, 31). After a crushing defeat of the Ammonites, Jephthah returned to his own house, and the first to welcome him was his own daughter. This was a terrible blow to the victor, and in his despair he cried out, "Alas, my daughter! thou hast brought me very low...I have opened my mouth unto the Lord, and cannot go back." With singular nobleness of spirit she answered, "Do to me according to that which hath proceeded out of thy mouth." She only asked two months to bewail her maidenhood with her companions upon the mountains. She utters no reproach against her father's rashness, and is content to yield her life since her father has returned a conqueror. But was it so? Did Jephthah offer up his daughter as a "burnt-offering"? This question has been much debated, and there are many able commentators who argue that such a sacrifice was actually offered. We are constrained, however, by a consideration of Jephthah's known piety as a true worshipper of Jehovah, his evident acquaintance with the law of Moses, to which such sacrifices were abhorrent (Lev. 18:21; 20:2-5; Deut. 12:31), and the place he holds in the roll of the heroes of the faith in the Epistle to the Hebrews (11:32), to conclude that she was only doomed to a life of perpetual celibacy.
# Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Nezib

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Nezib, a town in the "plain" of Judah. It has been identified with Beit Nuzib, about 14 miles south-west of Jerusalem, in the Wady Sur (Josh. 15:43).
# Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Nicanor

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Nicanor, conqueror, one of the seven deacons appointed in the apostolic Church (Acts 6:1-6). Nothing further is known of him.
# Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Nicolaitanes

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Nicolaitanes: The church at Ephesus (Revelation 2:6) is commended for hating the "deeds" of the Nicolaitanes, and the church of Pergamos is blamed for having them who hold their "doctrines" (Revelation 2:15). They were seemingly a class of professing Christians, who sought to introduce into the church a false freedom or licentiousness, thus abusing Paul's doctrine of grace (comp. 2 Peter 2:15,16,19), and were probably identical with those who held the doctrine of Balaam (which see), Revelation 2:14.
# Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Nodab

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Nodab, noble, probably a tribe descended from one of the sons of Ishmael, with whom the trans-Jordanic tribes made war (1 Chr.5:19).
# Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Nisroch

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Nisroch, probably connected with the Hebrew word nesher, an eagle. An Assyrian god, supposed to be that represented with the head of an eagle. Sennacherib was killed in the temple of this idol (2 Kings 19:37; Isa. 37:38).
# Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Nibshan

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Nibshan, fertile; light soil, a city somewhere "in the wilderness" of Judah (Josh. 15:62), probably near Engedi.
# Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Nibhaz

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Nibhaz, barker, the name of an idol, supposed to be an evil demon of the Zabians. It was set up in Samaria by the Avites (2 Kings 17:31), probably in the form of a dog.
# Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Nod

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Nod, exile; wandering; unrest, a name given to the country to which Cain fled (Gen.4:16). It lay on the east of Eden.
# Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period/Yü Chih-ting

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​YÜ Chih-ting 禹之鼎 (T. 尚吉, 尚基, 上吉, H. 愼齋), 1649–1702, painter, was a native of Chiang-tu, Kiangsu. In his youth he was a pupil of Lan Ying 藍瑛 (T. 田叔, H. 蝶叟, 石頭陀), a noted painter of the late Ming period. Yü Chih-ting's greatest skill lay in portraiture for which he generally used the so-called "black and white" method (白菗). He also employed the "orchid leaf style" (蘭葉法) of the great T'ang artist, Wu Tao-hsüan 吳道玄 (T. 道子, early 8th century). For more than six years prior to 1690 he held a post in the capital as usher in the Court of State Ceremonial and also served in the Imperial Court as a painter. Many contemporaries of note, such as Wu Wei-yeh, Ch'ên T'ing-ching, Kao Shih-ch'i, and Hsü Ch'ien-hsüeh [qq. v.], induced him to prepare portraits and other paintings for them. In 1645 he retired from office, making his home at Tung-t'ing shan in T'ai-hu, Kiangsu. A painting by him, entitled 王會圖 Wang-hui t'u, "Assembly of the Princes", was inspired by the chapter, Wang-hui, in the ancient work 逸周書 I Chou-shu. He presumably adapted it to the ceremonies then accorded by the Ch'ing Court to princes and ambassadors of tributary states. A painting which he made for Wang Shih-chên [q. v.] in 1701, entitled 王漁洋踏雪尋梅圖 Wang Yu-yang t'a-hsüeh hsün-mei t'u, is reproduced in the work, 中國名畫 Chung-kuo ming-hua, series eight. The 故宮週刊 Ku-kung chou-k'an (nos. 172 and 474) has also reproduced two of his paintings from the Palace Museum, Peiping.
[1/509/2b; 19/2上/47b; 20/1/00 (portrait); 27/13/7b; Chiang-tu hsien hsü-chih (1831) 6/23a; Waley, Index, p. 109; T'oung Pao 1922, p. 359; Chavannes, Ars Asiatica I, p. 55; L.T.C.L.H.M., p. 191 lists a number of paintings attributed to him.]
Tu Lien-chê
# Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period/Yung Wing

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​YUNG Wing. See under Jung Hung.
# Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period/Yü Huai

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​YÜ Huai 余懷 (T. 澹心, 無懷, 曼持, 曼翁, 廣霞), Aug. 25, 1616–1696, July, poet, was a native of P'u-t'ien, Fukien. When the Manchu troops advanced to Nanking in 1645 he was a student of the Imperial Academy in that city. Thereafter he lived for a time in Hsia-p'ei, Kiangnan, but spent most of his life at Nanking. An intimate friend of Yu T'ung [q. v.], Yü Huai, too, was a poet who seems to have had sufficient leisure to devote to his art. The best known of his works is the 板橋雜記 Pan-ch'iao tsa-chi, in 3 chüan, giving his reminiscences of the life of the singing girls of Nanking during the more tranquil days before that city fell under Manchu rule. This work was first printed in 1697 in the initial instalment of the Chao-tai ts'ung-shu (see under Ch'ên Chên-hui) and has passed through many editions since that time.
Several minor works by Yü Huai may be mentioned: 硯林 Yen-lin, a treatise on ink-slabs, written in 1686 and first printed in the above ts'ung-shu in 1697; 茶史補 Ch'a-shih pu, being notes on the history of tea, written to supplement a more complete work, Ch'a-shih, on the same theme by a contemporary, Liu Yüan-ch'ang 劉源長, and published by the latter's son in 1677; and 婦人鞋襪考 Fu-jên hsieh-wa k'ao, a brief treatise on the foot-wear of women, which appeared in the T'an-chi ts'ung-shu (see under Wang Chung) late in the K'ang-hsi period. A work of his on the personal names of women mentioned in Chinese history, 宮閨小名後錄 Kung-kuei hsiao-ming hou lu, is a supplement to a work by Yu T'ung on the same subject. It was printed in 1694, two years before Yü Huai died. Collections of his poems and essays appeared under two titles: 研山堂集 Yen-shan t'ang chi and 味外軒稿 Wei-wai hsüan kao. Two other works by him have recently been printed: a hook of miscellaneous notes in 8 chüan, 東山談苑 Tung-shan t'an-yüan, which appeared in 1934; and a collection of poems in irregular meter, entitled 玉琴齋詞 Yü-ch'in chai tz'ŭ, which was reproduced in 1928 from the original manuscript (shou-kao pên 手稿本) in the Kuo-hsüeh Library, Nanking.
[2/70/16a; 3/428/31a; 17/1/54a; Yu T'ung [q. v.], 艮齋倦稿 Kên-chai chüan kao, for poem in ch. 9/8b which gives the date of death; Shan-pên shu-shih ts'ang-shu chih (see under Ting Ping) 40/29a.]
Fang Chao-ying
# Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period/Yü Chi

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​YÜ Chi 余集 (T. 秋室, H. 蓉裳), Jan. 29, 1739–1823, man of letters, painter and calligrapher, was a native of Jên-ho (Hangchow). A hsiu-ts'ai of 1757, he became a chü-jên in 1762. When his father died in Kwangtung in 1763 he made a journey to that province to bring back the remains. In 1766 he became a chin-shih, but was not chosen to be a member of the Hanlin Academy. The reason for this decision, according to his own account, was his habit of writing certain characters in their archaic form. Be that as it may, another account asserts that as a painter he was celebrated primarily for his drawings of female figures, and for that reason was nick-named, "Yü, the Painter of Beauties" (余美人). We are told that owing to this, conceivably undignified, reference he was excluded from membership in the Academy.
When the Bureau for the compilation of the Ssŭ-k'u ch'üan-shu was instituted in 1773 (see under Chi Yün) Yü Chi was recommended by Ch'iu Yüeh-hsiu [q. v.] and, together with Shao Chin-han, Chou Yung-nien [qq. v.] and others, was made an assistant editor. At the same time he was raised to the rank of a member of the Hanlin Academy as of the year 1772. He served among other posts, in the course of his official career, as chief examiner of the Hupeh provincial examination (1786), associate examiner of the Szechwan provincial examination (1794), and finally rose to be a reader of the Hanlin Academy. After 1804 he retired to become director of the Ta-liang 大梁 Academy at Kaifeng, Honan, for a period of eight years. In 1822, on the sixtieth anniversary of his becoming a chü-jên, he was given the rank of a third-grade official and participated in the banquet known as Lu-ming yên (see under Liang T'ung-shu), held in honor of the successful competitors in the provincial examination of that year.
In addition to being a skillful painter, Y&uuml: Chi was an accomplished calligrapher and poet. A collection of his poems was printed early in his life time under the title 秋室百衲琴 Ch'iu-shih po-na ch'in. His miscellaneous literary collections, entitled Ch'iu-shih hsüeh-ku lu (學古錄), 6 chüan; 梁園歸櫂錄 Liang-yüan kuei-chao lu, 1 chüan; and 憶漫庵賸稿 I-man an shêng-kao, 1 chüan, were printed in 1822. It is worthy of note that Yü Chi was the collator of the first printed edition of the Liao-chai chih-i (see under P'u Sung-ling).
[1/509/2b; 2/72/27a; 3/130/28a; 26/2/20b; Hangchow fu-chih (1922) 146/12b; L.T.C.L.H.M. 93b.]
Tu Lien-chê
# Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Zillah

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Zillah
# Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Zin

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Zin
# Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Zilpah

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Zilpah *Zilpah Drooping, Leah's handmaid, and the mother of Gad and Asher (Gen. 30:9-13).
# Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Zion

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Zion Sunny; height, one of the eminences on which Jerusalem was built. It was surrounded on all sides, except the north, by deep valleys, that of the Tyropoeon (q.v.) separating it from Moriah (q.v.), which it surpasses in height by 105 feet. It was the south-eastern hill of Jerusalem.
When David took it from the Jebusites (Josh. 15:63; 2 Sam. 5:7) he built on it a citadel and a palace, and it became "the city of David" (1 Kings 8:1; 2 Kings 19:21, 31; 1 Chr. 11:5). In the later books of the Old Testament this name was sometimes used (Ps. 87:2; 149:2; Isa. 33:14; Joel 2:1) to denote Jerusalem in general, and sometimes God's chosen Israel (Ps. 51:18; 87:5).
In the New Testament (see [686]SION) it is used sometimes to denote the Church of God (Heb. 12:22), and sometimes the heavenly city (Rev. 14:1).