OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Before Adam

"These are our ancestors, and their history is our history. Remember that as surely as we one day swung down out of the trees and walked upright, just as surely, on a far earlier day, did we crawl up out of the sea and achieve our first adventure on land."
* Chapter I
* Chapter II
* Chapter III
* Chapter IV
* Chapter V
* Chapter VI
* Chapter VII
* Chapter VIII
* Chapter IX
* Chapter X
* Chapter XI
* Chapter XII
* Chapter XIII
* Chapter XIV
* Chapter XV
* Chapter XVI
* Chapter XVII
* Chapter XVIII
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Before (Browning)

Layout 2
I
Let them fight it out, friend! things have gone too far. God must judge the couple: leave them as they are —Whichever one's the guiltless, to his glory, And whichever one the guilt's with, to my story!
II
Why, you would not bid men, sunk in such a slough, Strike no arm out further, stick and stink as now, Leaving right and wrong to settle the embroilment, Heaven with snaky hell, in torture and entoilment?
III
Who's the culprit of them? How must he conceive God—the queen he caps to, laughing in his sleeve, " 'Tis but decent to profess oneself beneath her: "Still, one must not be too much in earnest, either!"
IV
Better sin the whole sin, sure that God observes; Then go live his life out! Life will try his nerves, When the sky, which noticed all, makes no disclosure, And the earth keeps up her terrible composure.
V
Let him pace at pleasure, past the walls of rose, Pluck their fruits when grape-trees graze him as he goes! For he 'gins to guess the purpose of the garden, With the sly mute thing, beside there, for a warden.
VI
What's the leopard-dog-thing, constant at his side, A leer and lie in every eye of its obsequious hide? When will come an end to all the mock obeisance, And the price appear that pays for the misfeasance?
VII
So much for the culprit. Who's the martyred man? Let him bear one stroke more, for be sure he can! He that strove thus evil's lump with good to leaven, Let him give his blood at last and get his heaven!
VIII
All or nothing, stake it! Trust she God or no? Thus far and no farther? farther? be it so! Now, enough of your chicane of prudent pauses, Sage provisos, sub-intents and saving-clauses!
IX
Ah, "forgive" you bid him? While God's champion lives, Wrong shall be resisted: dead, why, he forgives. But you must not end my friend ere you begin him; Evil stands not crowned on earth, while breath is in him.
X
Once more—Will the wronger, at this last of all, Dare to say, "I did wrong," rising in his fall? No?—Let go then! Both the fighters to their places! While I count three, step you back as many paces!
# Before Action (Hodgson)

* "Before Action" in Soldier poets, songs of the fighting men (1916)
* "Before Action" in A treasury of war poetry, British and American poems of the world war, 1914-1919 (1917)
# Before Action

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "Before Action."
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* "Before Action", a poem by William Noel Hodgson
* "Before Action", a poem by John E. Stewart
# Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka Shawnee County Kansas/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
United States Supreme Court
344 U.S. 141
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka Shawnee County Kansas
Argued: Nov. 24, 1952. ---
This action was instituted by the appellants attacking a Kansas statute which authorized segregation in the schools of that State. It was urged that the State of Kansas was without power to enact such legislation, claimed by appellants to be in contravention of the Fourteenth Amendment.
In the District Court, the State, by its Governor and Attorney General, intervened and defended the constitutionality of the statute. The court upheld its validity, D.C., 98 F.Supp. 797.
In this Court, the appellants continue their constitutional attack. No appearance has been entered here by the State of Kansas, the Board of Education of Topeka, and the other appellees; nor have they presented any brief in support of the statute's validity. The Court has been advised by counsel for the Board of Education that it does not propose to appear in oral argument or present a brief.
Because of the national importance of the issue presented and because of its importance to the State of Kansas, we request that the State present its views at oral argument. If the State does not desire to appear, we request the Attorney General to advise whether the State's default shall be construed as a concession of invalidity.
Order accordingly.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Brown v. Brackett

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
88 U.S. 387
Brown v. Brackett
ERROR to the Supreme Court of the State of California, the action being ejectment for lands in that State, on which judgment was rendered for the defendant in a District Court of the State and affirmed by the Supreme Court.
Mr. C. T. Botts, for the plaintiff in error; Mr. J. M. Coghlan, for the defendant in error.
Mr. Justice FIELD stated the case, and delivered the opinion of the court, as follows:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (347 U.S. 483)

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Commons category, Wikidata item.
Brown v. Board of Education, 347 U.S. 483 (1954), is a landmark decision of the United States Supreme Court which explicitly outlawed racial segregation of public education facilities (legal establishment of separate government-run schools for blacks and whites), ruling so on the grounds that the doctrine of "separate but equal" public education could never truly provide black Americans with facilities of the same standards available to white Americans.

## Linked case(s)

Mendez v. Westminster
Supreme Court of the United States
347 U.S. 483
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
Appeal from the United States District Court for the District of Kansas
No. 1 Argued: December 9, 1952; Reargued December 8, 1953 --- Decided: May 17, 1954
Segregation of white and Negro children in the public schools of a State solely on the basis of race, pursuant to state laws permitting or requiring such segregation, denies to Negro children the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment -- even though the physical facilities and other "tangible" factors of white and Negro schools may be equal. Pp. 486-496.
(a) The history of the Fourteenth Amendment is inconclusive as to its intended effect on public education. Pp. 489-490.
(b) The question presented in these cases must be determined not on the basis of conditions existing when the Fourteenth Amendment was adopted, but in the light of the full development of public education and its present place in American life throughout the Nation. Pp. 492-493.
(c) Where a State has undertaken to provide an opportunity for an education in its public schools, such an opportunity is a right which must be made available to all on equal terms. P. 493.
(d) Segregation of children in public schools solely on the basis of race deprives children of the minority group of equal educational opportunities, even though the physical facilities and other "tangible" factors may be equal. Pp. 493-494.
(e) The "separate but equal" doctrine adopted in Plessy v. Ferguson, 163 U.S. 537, has no place in the field of public education. P. 495.
(f) The cases are restored to the docket for further argument on specified questions relating to the forms of the decrees. Pp. 495-496.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Brown v. Caltrans

Ninth Circuit Court Of Appeals decision in Brown v. Caltrans, related to the indirect endorsement of indirect speech by the government and its unconstitutionality
* Court Documents
* Opinion of the Court
* Concurring Opinion Beezer
* 321 F.3d 1217
* Cassandra Brown; Amy Courtney, Plaintiffs-Appellants
* v.
* California Department of Transportation; Jeff Morales, Defendants-Appellees
* No. 02-15385.
* United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.
* Argued and Submitted 9 October 2002.
* Filed 13 March 2003.
COPYRIGHT MATERIAL OMITTED Bruce A. Behrens, Chief Counsel; David Gossage, Deputy Chief Counsel; Janet Wong, Assistant Chief Counsel; Daniel P. Weingarten, Deputy Attorney, San Francisco, CA, for the appellants.
James Wheaton, David Greene, Oakland, CA; G. Dana Scruggs, Austin B. Comstock, Nathan C. Benjamin, Santa Cruz, CA, for the appellees.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of California; Ronald M. Whyte, District Judge, Presiding. D.C. No. CV-01-21200-PVT.
Before: D.W. NELSON, BEEZER and WARDLAW, Circuit Judges.
Opinion by Judge WARDLAW; Concurrence by Judge BEEZER.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Brown v. Board of Education (344 U.S. 1)/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
United States Supreme Court
344 U.S. 1
Brown v. Board of Education (344 U.S. 1)
Argued: Oct. 8, 1952. ---
In two appeals now pending, No. 8, Brown et al. v. Board of Education of Topeka et al., and No. 101, Briggs et al. v. Elliott et al., the appellants challenge, respectively, the constitutionality of a statute of Kansas, and a statute and the constitution of South Carolina, which provide for segregation in the schools of these states. D.C., 98 F.Supp. 797, D.C., 103 F.Supp. 920. Appellants allege that segregation is, per se, a violation of the Fourteenth Amendment. Argument in these cases has heretofore been set for the week of October 13, 1952.
In No. 191, Davis et al. v. County School Board of Prince Edward County et al., the appellants have filed a Statement of Jurisdiction raising the same issue in respect to a statute and the constitution of Virginia. D.C., 103 F.Supp. 337. Appellees in the Davis case have called attention to the similarity between it and the Briggs and Brown cases; by motion they have asked the Court to take necessary action to have all three cases argued together.
This Court takes judicial notice of a fourth case, which is pending in the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, Bolling et al. v. Sharpe et al., No. 11,018 on that court's docket. In that case, the appellants challenge the appellees' refusal to admit certain Negro appellants to a segregated white school, in the District of Columbia; they allege that appellees have taken such action pursuant to certain Acts of Congress; they allege that such action is a violation of the Fifth Amendment of the Constitution.
The Court is of the opinion that the nature of the issue posed in those appeals now before the Court involving the Fourteenth Amendment, and also the effect of any decision which it may render in those cases, are such that it would be well to consider, simultaneously, the constitutional issues posed in the case of Bolling v. Sharpe.
To the end that arguments may be heard together in all four of these cases, the Court will continue the Brown and Briggs cases on its docket. Probable jurisdiction is noted in Davis v. County School Board of Prince Edward County. Arguments will be heard in these three cases at the first argument session in December.
The Court will entertain a petition for certiorari in the case of Bolling v. Sharpe, 28 U.S.C. §§ 1254(1), 2101(e), 28 U.S.C.A. §§ 1254(1), 2101(e), which if presented and granted will afford opportunity for argument of the case immediately following the arguments in the three appeals now pending. It is so ordered.
Cases continued.
Mr. Justice DOUGLAS dissents from postponing argument and decision in the three cases presently here for Bolling v. Sharpe, in the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka Shawnee County Kansas

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
344 U.S. 141
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka Shawnee County Kansas
Argued: Nov. 24, 1952. ---
PER CURIAM.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Bisbee Daily Review/1917/04/03/Big Town Views

BIG TOWN VIEWS
Philadelphia Inquirer
Grandly has the President risen to the occasion.
Pittsburg Dispatch
The indictment of the imperial government framed by the President of the United States is the most damning arraignment in history.
Pittsburg Volksblatt
Of all sentiments none must becloud our clear duty as American citizens, whatever it includes
Louisville Anzeiger
Our President contends in his message that we have to go to war to free the world of autocratic rule. The German people, says he, were not asked if they wanted to go to war or not.
Even if so, let us not make the same mistake, and give our people by a referendum vote the opportunity to decide themselves about the momentous question: Peace or War.
Cincinnati Volksblaat
We agree with the President that war exists between the United States and Germany, and that all the citizens must comply with the duties arising out of the state of war. All other statement in the President's speech we disapprove and rejectj.
Cincinnati Frie Presse
We stand and fall with the land of our choice. The welfare of our adopted country is sacred to us and to guard our internal peace is our duty.
# Bisbee Daily Review/1917/04/03/Elks Will Stage Parade Tonight

ELKS WILL STAGE PARADE TONIGHT
The Bisbee Elks' lodge tonight will stage the first big patriotic celebration put on in this city since the German situation loomed up in its most serious aspects. All members of the lodge will meet at the home at six o'clock this evening to participate in the first part of the celebration a big patriotic and preparedness parade through the main streets of the city. After the parade a patriotic meeting will be held at the Elks' home, to which families of Elks and visiting Elks are cordially invited to attend. Prominent speakers will address the lodgemen on every subject pertaining to the present crisis.
The Elks are anxious that as many citizens as possible be on the streets tonight while the parade is passing, to make the demonstration one that will prove that the Warren District will stand solidly behind the president and congress.
# Bisbee Daily Review/1917/04/03/Fairbanks Hasn't A Double In World

FAIRBANKS HASN'T A DOUBLE IN WORLD
It has long been an axiom of physiognomists that every person has his double somewhere in the world, but up to date, the directors of the Triangle Fine Arts features in which Douglas Fairbanks has been starred have been unable to find an actor looking enough like him to impersonate him successfully.
In "American Aristocracy," which appears again today at the Eagle theatre Douglas is called upon to impersonate another man, and the directors thought that perhaps they would be more successful this time in locating a man of Fairbanks' build and facial appearance. But te task proved far less easy than they had anticipated. After sizing up several hundred applicants, the directors finally settled on Albert Parker as being the only one who would serve.
In his case, it was the fact that his figure resembles Fairbanks, rather than his features, that finally landed him the engagement. As a result, whenever Fairbanks is called upon to pose as Parker's double, he is obliged not only to dress in exactly the same manner, but to wear automobile goggles to approximate a resemblance.
# Bisbee Daily Review/1917/04/03/Anonymous Writer Pesters Officials At Lowell Court

ANONYMOUS WRITER PESTERS OFFICIALS AT LOWELL COURT
In spite of the fact that Lowell officers are establishing a record for that place in their war on bootlegging and gambling, some citizen has taken upon himself the task of crticizing them and warning them that they "are watched." Yesterday Constable Joel Hodges received the following letter, written on stationary from the correspondence table of the local Y. M. C. A:
"You probably are not aware that there is bootlegging and gambling going on every night at the — — — Hotel, Room — — — and adjoining. I have known this for some time. 'Get busy!' We are watching you."
With the same mail delivery Judge J. L. Winters also received a communication, the writer signing his name as "Citizen," a nom de plume commonly adopted by self-appointed sleuths. The letter read:
"Dear Sir: Beg to advise you that there is gambling going on constantly at the — — — Hotel."
Several other letters have been received from the unidentified "citizen" demanding that certain houses in Lowell be raided.
"We believe that we have the bootlegging and gambling situatins will under control in Lowell," said JJudge Winters and Constable Hodges yesterday. "And we don't intend to raid any houses or hotels on the advice of any one who is not willing to sign his name to a letter. A raid is a dangerous thing for an officer, for if he cannot prove his actions as being justified, he has violated the rights of some person, for which he alone is responsible. If Mr. 'Citizen' knows of any law violations he will himself avoid violating the law if he comes and tells us of them."
# Bisbee Daily Review/1917/04/03/British Continue Advance in Mesopotamia

BRITISH CONTINUE ADVANCE IN MESOPOTAMIA
LONDON, April 2.—The British troops in Mesopotamia have occupied the town of Dely Abbas, according to an unofficial report issued tonight.
The capture of the town took place on March 31. Dely Abbas lies thirteen miles to the southwest of Kizil Robat.
# Bisbee Daily Review/1917/04/03/Champ Clark is Renamed Speaker of House

CHAMP CLARK IS RENAMED SPEAKER OF HOUSE WITH DEMOCRATS SUPREME IN ALL COMMITTEES
(By Review Leased Wire)
WASHINGTON, April 2.—The Democrats with the aid of four or five Independents, organized the house when the new congress assembled today, re-electing Champ Clark of Missouri as speaker, and sweeping into office with him all the other Democratic caucus nominees.
Mr. Clark received 217 votes against 205 for Representative Mann, the Republican choice for speaker, who not only failed to receive an independent vote but lost the support of five of his party colleagues.
All of the Democrats present voted for Mr. Clark, and were joined by Schall, Progressive in Minnesota; Martin, Progressive-Protectionist of Louisiana; London, Socialist of New York and Randall, Prohibitionist of California. The five Republicans who did not support Mr. Mann were Gardner of Massachusetts who voted for Representative Lenroot of Wisconsin, Gray of New Jersey, and Ballinger of Massachusetts, who voted for Gillett of Massachusetts, and Haskell of New York, and James of Michigan, who voted "present."
Representative Fuller, Independent of Massachusetts, voted for Mr. Lenroot.
Calling of the roll was replete with bursts of applause, but the lion's share went to Miss Jeanette Rankin of Montana, a Republican and the first woman to be elected to the house. She was given three separate ovations, once when she entered the chamber on the ar mof her colleague, Representative Evans of Montana, again when she responded to the call of members, and a third time when she voted for Mr. Mann. She was forced once to rise and bow before the applause could be checked. She was on the floor the greater part of the day: dressed plainly in a dark dress with a white collar, and carrying a bunch of flowers.
An effort by Representative Mann to prevent adoption of the rules which governed the last congress were futile. Representative Pou of North Carolina, named by the Democrats as head of the rules committee, announced however, that the committee would gladly consider proposed amendments at any future time.
At the organization of committees the house followed out the selections made by Democratic leaders. Although half a dozen chairmanships went to northern Democrats, Representative Gallivan, Democrat, of Massachusetts, who has persistently protested against southern domination of chairmanships, voted against the slate.
# Bisbee Daily Review/1917/04/03/Congress Considers War Resolution Today

Congress Considers War Resolution Today
WASHINGTON, April 2.—Immediately after the president left the Capitol the senate and house reconvened, and an identic joint resolution was introduced in both houses declaring the existence of a state of war, and directing the President to employ all resources of the country to carry on war against the Imperial German government and bring the conflict to a successful conclusion.
Because of the opposition to the measure of Senator Stone, chairman of the foreign relations committee, the resolution was introduced in the senate by Senator Martin of Virginia, the Democratic leader. Representative Flood, chairman of the foreign affairs committee, introduced it in the house.
It said:
"Joint resolution declaring that a state of war exists between the Imperial German government and the government and people of the United States and making provision to prosecute the same;
"Whereas, the recent acts of the imperial German government are acts of war against the government and people of the United States.
"Resolved, by the senate and house of representatives of the United States in congress assembled that the state of war between the United States and the imperial German government which has thus been thrust upon the United States is hereby formally declared; and,
"That the president be, and is hereby, authorized and directed to take immediate steps not only to put the country in a thorough state of defense but also to exert all of its powers and employ all of its resources to carry on war against the imperial German government and to bring the conflict to a successful termination."
The resolution was referred to the foreign affairs committee by both houses, and adjournment until tomorrow followed soon after. Both committees meet tomorrow morning.
# Bisbee Daily Review/1917/04/03/Bisbee Men Held For Bootlegging

BISBEE MEN HELD FOR BOOTLEGGING
(Special to The Review)
TOMBSTONE, April 2.—C. J. Parker, Ray MvVey, Robert Lowe and R. L. Kimmell were brought here today and placed in the county jail awaiting trial on charges of bootlegging. The men were arrested Saturday night near Apache by Deputy Sheriff Percy Bowden and Constable Rolin Kirby, of Douglas. They are alleged to have had four cases of booze in their possession.
# Bisbee Daily Review/1917/04/03/Hawaiian Quintet Will Entertain Y Members Tonight

HAWAIIAN QUINTET WILL ENTERTAIN Y MEMBERS TONIGHT
Members of the Y. M. C. A., their wives, daughters and feminine friends will be entertained at the Y tonight by Kekuku's Hawaiian Quintette in a repertoire of Hawaiian and classical numbers. Kekuku's musicians have an enviable reputation among the entertainers of the west and will present a program of real merit tonight. Kekuku is the originator of the method of guitar playing known as the steel method and his playing is proof enough of his right to the authorship of this beautiful effect in instrumental music. The program will be given tonight as a number of the association's Lyceum course, and only thing necessary for admission will be a membership card.