OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Indian Biographical Dictionary (1915)/Hyndman-Jones, Sir William Henry

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​Hyndman-Jones, Sir William Henry, Kt, (1906); Chief-Justice, Straits Settlements since 1906; b. 1847; educ: Marlborough; Trinity College, Cambridge; called to Bar, Lincoln’s Inn, 1879; acting Senior ​Police Magistrate, and Commissioner to inquire into administration and working of Police Force, Barbadoes, 1880; acting Judge, Court of Appeal, 1881; Magistrate, 1st District, St. Lucia, 1881; Member, Executive and Legislative Councils, 1881; Delegate to West Indian Telegraph Conference, 1882; acting Chief Justice, St. Lucia and Tobaco, 1883; acting Attorney-General 1888; Member, Windword Court of appeal, 1886; Magistrate and Member, Executive and Legislative Council, Granada, 1887; Resident Magistrate, Westmoreland, Jamaica, 1888; St. Thomas-Ye-East, 1890; St. aotherine, 1891; City and parish of Kingston, 1892; acting Puisne Judge, 1895; acting Attorney-General and Member of Executive Council, 1896; Resident Magistrate for Jamaica 189G: Puisne Judge, Straits Settlements, 1896; acting Judicial Commissioner, Federated Malay States, 1908; Judicial Commissioner, Federated Malay states, 1904; Chief Judicial Commissioner, 1900. Address: Good-wood, Singapore. Club: Albemarle.
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# The Indian Biographical Dictionary (1915)/Ibrahim Rahimtoola

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​Ibrahim Rahimtoola, Hon’ble Sir, Kt, C.I.E., J.P, Bombay; b, 1862; s. Rahimtoola Kaderbhoy; joined his brother in business; started the firm of Rahimtoola Khaderbhoy and Co; Member, Standing Committee of the Bombay Corporation, 1895: President Bombay Corporation, 1899; Member, Legislative Council, Bombay, 1899; Sheriff of Bombay, 1901, an ardent supporter of Primary Education; introduced the reading of Koran in schools; Member, Managing Committee, Anjuman-i-Islam, Bombay; President, Khoja Reading Room and Library; Member, Improvement Trust and Plague Committee, Bombay; represented Bombay on the Museum Conference held at Calcutta, 1907; Director, Bank of India Limited. Address: Bombay, India, Clubs: Islam Gymkhana and Orient.
# The Indian Biographical Dictionary (1915)/Idar, Maharaja of; Major-General H.H. Maharaja Sir Pratab Singhji

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​Idar, Maharaja of; Major-General H.H. Maharaja Sir Pratab Singhji, LL.D, (Camb) G.C.S.I., K.C.B., A.D.C; b. 1845; succeeded to gaddi, 1903; belongs to the great Rathor Rajput clan, believed to have sprung from Kuchlia, the 2nd son of Divine Rama; pays tribute to the Gaikwar and receives tribute from some other minor States; appointed (2nd time) as Regent of the State of Jodhpur during the minority of the Chief of that State, 1891; his own State is administered by his son, Maharaja Dhiraj Maharajaji Shri Dowlat Sinhji Sahib Bahadur; Member of the India Government’s Mission to Kabul; appointed A.D.C. to H.R.H. the Prince of Wales (King Emperor Edward VII.); Honorary Lt.-Col, in the British Army; helped in founding the Imperial Service Troops, 1889; formed the Jodhpur Lancers, 1897; attended Empress Victoria’s D.J. and was created G.C.S.I.; joined the Mohamand expedition with an escort of Jodhpur Lancers; joined the Tirah expd as A.D.C. to General Sir W. Lockbart; area of the State, 1669 square miles; popula tion, about 170.000; revenue, ​lakhs; the Maharaja is entitled to a Salute of 15 guns. Address: Idar, Ahmadnagar, Bombay, Presidency, India.
# The Indian Biographical Dictionary (1915)/Hutchinson, Lieut.-Gen. Henry Doveton

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​Hutchinson, Lieut.-Gen. Henry Doveton, C.S.I. (1903), Indian Army (retired); b. 1817; e.s, of late Dr, T. Cayley Hutchinson, D.I.G. of Hospitals; m. 1874, Alice A., d, of late Col. Stuart-Monteth; served Sikkim Campaign, 1887-88; Relief of Chitral, 1895 (medal and clasp); Tirah Campaign, 1897-98 (2 clasps); raised the 2nd battalion, 3rd Gurkha Rifles, 1891; commanded troops in Chitral, 1896; Director, Military Education, India, 1896-1901; Special duty, India Office, 1901-2; Assist. Military Secretary (for Indian Affairs), 1902-4; Director of Staff Duties, War Offce, 1904-8. Publications; Military Sketching made easy. (5th edit,); Field Fortification (5th edit.); The Story of Waterloo; The Story of 1812; The Story of Corunna; The Campaign in Tirah, 1897-98. Recreations: shooting, bicycling, chess. Clubs: United Service, Pilgrims.
# The Indian Biographical Dictionary (1915)/Hutchinson, Sir Sydney Hutton Cooper

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​Hutchinson, Sir Sydney Hutton Cooper, Kt., (1906) M.I.C.E., Director-General of Telegraphs. India, 1903-7; b. 1852; 3rd s. of late Dr. T. Cyaley-Hutchinson, of Indin Army; educ: St. James’s Collegiate School, St. Heliers, Jersey; the Hartley Institute, Southampton; Assistant-Superintendent, Indian Telegraph Dept., 1871; Superintendent, 1892; Chief Superintendent, 1901; Director, 1903; retired, 1907; Kaiser-i-Hind, first class, 1901. Address: 22, Edith Road, West Kensington, W. Club: Oriental.
# The Hand of Peril/Part 6

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PART VI
THE QUARTERS IN ROME
* Chapter I
* Chapter 2
* Chapter 3
* Chapter 4
* Chapter 5
# The Journal of Indian Botany/Volume 1/September 1919/An investigation of the Seeding Structure in the Leguminoseae

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Seedling Structure.
Compton, R. H. An investigation of the Seeding Structure in the Leguminoseae. Jour. Linn. Soc. (Botany XLI No. 279, pp. 1—129 (June 1919.)
A description with illustrative figures is given of the distribution of the xylem and phloem in seedings of species taken from all sections of the order. It would be impossible in a brief note such as this to summarise or even indicate the facts and ideas which the author gives; but it is clear that there is considerable variation in the amount and arrangement of the xylem elements in the root from a solid tetrarc core, to a ring of eight separate Y-shaped masses (as seen in section.) Those interested would do well to read the paper. But two conclusions may be given here—one that the size of the seeds is correlated with the habit of the plant, trees having much heavier seeds than herbs or shrubs ; the other that as with Angiosperms in general the tree habit is primitive, the herbaceous derived. As to whether the epigeal or the hypogeal mode of germination is the more primitive it is impossible to say. Both occur sometimes in the same genus, and the change from one to the other has probably occurred repeatedly in the evolution of the order.
P. F. F.
# The Journal of Indian Botany/Volume 1/September 1919/The Morphology of Rumex cripus

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​Dudgeon, Winfield. The Morphology of Rumex cripus, Bot. Gaz., LXVI 5, pp. 393—420, 7 figs.
In this paper the author gives a detailed account of the development and histology of the flower of Rumex crispus, as part of a study of the morphology of the whole plant. He finds that in well developed flowers the development of the organs and of the embryo-sac and pollen grains follows the course usual in dicotyledons, with only slight variations. In the ovule the archespore is the terminal cell (below the epidermis) of a definite axial row. It divides into an upper cell which forms a 4-celled cap, and a lower cell, the embryo-sac mother-cell. This divides into a linear or nearly linear axial tetrad, the lowest cell of which becomes the embryo-sac. The haploid chromosomes in the division of the mother cell are 32 in number. The chief interest in the paper lies in the author's account of the very widespread degenerations which occur at almost any stage in the growth of the floral organs. These degenerations may, he finds occur (a) in any or all of the anthers, at any stage from the spo ​rogenous initial to the mature pollen grain, and may involve only the sporogenous tissue and its products, or the entire anther; (b) in the ovary at any stage from the functioning megaspore to the maturing fruit, and may involve only the embryo-sac, or both embryo-sac and ovule, or the entire ovary; (c) in entire inflorescences. The degeneration is accompanied by, and probably caused by, the formation of a definite abscission layer across the peduncle, whereby the floral organs are cut off from nutriment, and is so common that functionally perfect flowers are rare. As a result of such degenerations four types of mature flowers are produced (a) physiologically staminate (the ovary being functionless) in which the pollen may or may not be functional; (b) physiologically ovulate, the stamens having been completely eliminated by degeneration; (c) bisporangiate, having both stamens and ovary functional (very rare); (d) completely sterile, having functionless ovary and stamens completely eliminated. The author discusses shortly the bearing of these facts on the origin of dicliny, which he is inclined to consider may be due in other species also to gradual degenerations, and not as Strasburgher supposed to excessive mutation, nor to an absence of one sex in the seed, as suggested by Hoffmann, nor to hybridisation as Jeffrey believed.
P. F. F.
# The Journal of Indian Botany/Volume 1/September 1919/The Inheritance Characters of Rice

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Plant Breeding.
Parnell, F. R.; Rangasawmi, G. N.; and Ramiah, K. The Inheritance Characters of Rice. Mem. Agri. Dept. India. Bot. Ser. IX 2.
The authors find the simple ratio of 1 to 3 in several varietal characters of the grains and of the stem and leaves of paddy, e.g., long outer glumes in place of the usual very short ones; a piebald arrangement of the dark colour of the furrows of the grain, as contrasted with its even distribution; and similarly a piebald distribution of a golden colour of the inner glumes as contrasted with the full golden colour. This golden colour which appears as the grains ripen, in place of the more usual green ripening to a straw-colour is recessive to green. They find a purple pigmentation of various parts of the plant dominant over (the usual) green, the numbers of F$_2$ obtained being 41,121 to 13,664 or very nearly 3 to 1. But since in some crossings a ratio of 9 to 7 is obtained the colour is without doubt, they say, due to the simultaneous presence of two factors, one of which occurred in both of the varieties giving the first set of numbers in the ratio 3 to 1 in F$_2$; while the varieties of the other set giving 9 to 7 were heterozygous to both. This fact was proved by the production of purple pigment in a cross between two pure strains both of which were green. A dark colouring of the pulvinus and auricle is similarly dominant over green. Other segregating characters are a purple striation of the internode, purple glumes, purple stigma and purple axil. Among these last they find 'coupling' occurred; viz., purple striation with purple glumes, and purple stigma with purple axil; while green internodes and glumes are associated with purple stigma and axil, showing a repulsion which proved to be between purple stigma and both purple striation and purple glumes. Though 60,000 plants were examined for this, no example of incomplete repulsion was recorded.
Another varietal character examined was a black colour of the inner glumes, which fades to a smoky colour when the grain is quite ripe. This colour is, as in so many cases, due to the combination of two factors. They find partial repulsion between both of these factors and that of purple striation of the internode.
Coming to the grain itself, inside the glumes, the red colour of some varieties was found to show the simple ratio of 3:1, indicating dominance over its absence : but in two natural crosses with red rice some of the F$_2$ plants had a grey-brown colour. Though the experiments at the time of publication were not complete enough to prove it, the authors think chat this red colour is also due to the simultaneous presence of two factors.
P. F. F.
# The Journal of Indian Botany/Volume 1/September 1919/Editorial

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THE
Journal of Indian Botany.
Vol. I. SEPTEMBER, 1919. No. 1.
EDITORIAL
This Journal of Indian Botany has been started to provide a means of publishing botanical work done in India, which would not naturally find a home in the existing botanical journals of this country, e.g., the Records of the Botanical Survey and the various publications of the Agricultural Departments. The need for something of this kind has long been felt and frequently expressed, for without doubt much good work has been done in India in branches other than Floristic or Agricultural Botany, which has too often been laid on one side for lack of facilities of publication. The present venture owes its inception in the first place to the enthusiasm of Mr. L. J. Sedgwick, F.L.S., a keen and prolific worker in systematic botany, who, however, is unable on account of his official work to undertake the editorship ; and in the second to Mr. T. E. D. Bell, C.I.E., who generously came forward with an offer to guarantee the expenses till the Journal should be so far established as to pay its way, or prove unwanted.
The chief object of the Journal will be the publication of original matter, and in order that any work may see the light without undue delay, the editor is prepared to issue the Journal monthly, provided of course that there is sufficient matter to go to press. At the same time he feels constrained to remind Indian Botanists that if they really want the Journal to live they must support it by sending to him the papers they would otherwise have sent elsewhere.
In addition to original papers we propose to publish abstracts and reviews and of papers which appear in other journals ; but since the editor cannot undertake to abstract all, even of those papers which come under his notice—and there must be many that do not — he will be glad of assistance in this. Several botanists have kindly undertaken to abstract papers, but more help is needed, and it is ​hoped that these abstracts will be a regular feature of the Journal, and be of use in keeping' Indian workers in touch with what is being done elsewhere.
Finally the editor appeals for subscriptions from all botanists in India, and from those in other countries who are likely to find work done here of interest or help ; for to justify itself the Journal must pay its way.
Here, then, is a simple statement of our aims and wants in connection with the Journal ; Guarantor, Editor and Publisher are prepared to do their share to make the Journal a success, it is up to Botanists in India to do theirs.
The Honorary Editor.
# The Journal of Indian Botany/Volume 1/September 1919/Prothallia and Sporelings of three New Zealand Species

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Prothallia of Lycopodium.
C. J. Chamberlain, Prothallia and Sporelings of three New Zealand Species. Botanical Gazette, Vol. LXIII, No. 1, pp. 50 — 64.
The author gives short resume of the literature of the subject, followed by notes on L. laterale, L. oolubile, and L. scraiosum, collected in New Zealand. He finds a green leafy prothallium, with protocorm developed, only in the first, which is a terestial species. The other two species are epiphytic, and the prothallia are subterranean, with no protocorm. He suggests that this differentiation occurs throughout the genus : and that the green leafy prothallium represents the original type, and that the change to the suprophytic subterranean type occurred in consequence of a delay in germination (some spores require from 6 to 8 years) which allowed only those spores that had reached some place of safety, i.e., had been buried, to produce plants.
E. A. Spressard gives (l.c. pp. 67—78) a very interesting account of the finding of prothallia of L. clavatrum, L. obscurum, L. annotinuv, and L. lucidulum, nearly all quite close together, in an open space near Marquette Michigan. They were found only on small knolls covered partly by Polytrichum and partly by a grass, or sometimes almost bare. He suggests as a reason for this that such spores as were carried and fell on these spots were first of all beaten into the ground by rain, then covered by the shifting sand, and finally conveyed to a favourable depth by percolating water. This theory worked well or guide to where to look for the prothallia. The piper establishes the fact that prothallia have been found in America, and announces the discovery of two new species of prothallia— L. obscurum and L. lucidulum.
P. F. F.
# The Indian Biographical Dictionary (1915)/Kunhi Raman Nayanar, Hon. Mr. V.

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​Kunhi Raman Nayanar, Hon. Mr. V., B.A., B.L., Vakil and Member of the Madras Legislative Council, representing the landholders of Malabar, Anjengo and Tangessari, and South Canara; passed B.A., 1900; B.L., 1903. Address: Calicut, Madras Presidency, India.
# The Indian Biographical Dictionary (1915)/Kunjan Pillai, Dr. N.

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​Kunjan Pillai, Dr. N., M.A., B.Sc, Ph.D., Director of Agriculture, Travancore State; read a paper on “Agricultural Education” before the South Indian Association, Madras, 1911. Address: Trivandrum, S. India.
# The Indian Biographical Dictionary (1915)/Krisnavarma, Shiamji

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​Krisnavarma, Shiamji, B.A., (Oxford), now in Paris, France; b. in a Native State in India; educ: first in India; proceeded to England and joined the Oxford University, where he graduated; lived for many years in England, and was of considerable help to Indian students in England; founded the “India House” in London, to serve as home and headquarters to Indians visiting England; started a monthly journal styled the “Indian Socialogist”, which has been de-barred from circulation in India; is a lawyer by profession and was called to the Bar at the Inner Temple; was for some time in Government service, which he resigned; founded the Herbert Spencer Scholarship of Oxford for the purpose of advancing the cause of India; one of the conditions of the Scholarship is that the holders shall not receive or accept Government service in India; has been living out of British Dominions since 1908. Address: Paris, France.
# The Indian Biographical Dictionary (1915)/Kristo Das Law, Raja

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​Kristo Das Law, Raja, Calcutta; e.s. of late Maharaja Durga Charan Law, C.I.E.; b. at Chinsurah, 1849; head of the firm of Messrs. Kissen Law and Co., Calcutta; owns extensive house and landed property in Calcutta, and Zemindaries in the 24 Purgunnas, Cuttack, Midnapur, Jessore, Khulian and Tipperah; Honorary Presidency Magistrate, and Governor of Mayo Hospital, Calcutta; Trustee of the Victoria Memorial Fund; Member,Bengal Chamber of Commerce; Vice President, British Indian Association; Member, Imperial League; President, Subarvarnick Charitable Association; was Sheriff of Calcutta. Address: No. 3, Cornwallis Street, Calcutta, India.
# The Indian Biographical Dictionary (1915)/Krumbiegel, Gustav Herman

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​Krumbiegel, Gustav Herman, Superintendent, Government Gardens and Museum, Mysore State; b. at Lohmen near Dresden, 1865; educ: at Wilsdraft and Dresden, Germany; was horticultural apprentice at Pillnity; appointed in the Agricultural and Fruit Department, Schaverin (Maclenburgh), Royal Garden, 1884; connected with the work of landscape gardening at Hamburgh, 1885-87; proceeded to England, 1888; worked in Hyde Park, London, propagating, designing and laying out flower beds; joined the Royal Botanical Gardens at Kew, attended lectures and passed in all the subjects; appointed on the staff of the Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew, where he remained from 1890-93; attended the South Kensington University Lectures and won prizes and certificates in Geometry and perspective drawing; came out to India to be in charge of the State Gardens, Baroda, 1893; carried out elaborate architectural work, such as fountains, bridges, pavilions, etc., in the Gaekwar’s estate at Ootacamund; appointed to be in charge of State Gardens, Mysore, 1908; has greatly improved the State Gardens, as pleasure resorts, etc. Address: Mysore, India.
# The Indian Biographical Dictionary (1915)/Kumar Laxman Rao Bhonsle, Raja

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​Kumar Laxman Rao Bhonsle, Raja, Nagpur. Central Provinces; 2nd s. of late Raja Bahadur Janoji Sahib Bhonsle; claims descent from the Maharanas of Udaipur; the estate was under the management of the Court of Wards, and was partitioned between himself and his brother, Raghoji Rao. Recreations: Riding. Address: Nagpur, C.P., India.
# The Indian Biographical Dictionary (1915)/Kumaraswami Sastri, Calamur Viravalli

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​Kumaraswami Sastri, Calamur Viravalli, B.A., B L., Diwan Bahadur (1911); Judge, High Court, Madras; belongs to a respectable brahmin family whose members have been occupying the position of Judges and Lawyers; s. of late Mr C. V. Sundaram Sastri, a leading lawyer of Madras; b. at Madras, 1870; educ: Presidency College, Madras; passed B.A., 1890; B.L., 1893; enrolled as Vakil, 1894; commenced and enjoyed a lucrative practice, especially on the original side of the High Court; joined service as 3rd Judge of the Court of Small Causes, Madras, 1905; Judge of the City Civil Court, Madras, 1906-10; acting District and Sessions Judge, August 1910; confirmed, 1912; Additional ​Judge, High Court, Madras, 1913. Publication: Rules of the High Court in its original jurisdiction. Address: Tandayarpet, Madras, India. Club: Cosmopolitan.
# The Indian Biographical Dictionary (1915)/Kunihar, Thakur of; Hardeo Singh

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​Kunihar, Thakur of; Hardeo Singh; b. 1893; succeeded to the gaddi, 1905; enjoys the usual administrative powers and claims descent from the family of Gargh Raghansi Thakurs; area of the estate, 80 square miles; population, about 3,000; revenue, Rs. 5,000. Address: Kanihar, Simla Hill State, Punjab, India.
# The Indian Biographical Dictionary (1915)/Kumana, Edulji Bikaji

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​Kumana, Edulji Bikaji, Khan Bahadur (1911); Treasurer, Paper Currency and Government Reserve Treasury, Bombay; b. at Surat, 1853; educ: Elphinstone College, Bombay; entered Salt Department, 1875; appointed to present post, 1903. Address: 347, China Bazaar, Kalbadevi Road, Bombay, India.
# The Indian Biographical Dictionary (1915)/Kurri Sidauli, Raja of; Hon Mr. Rampal Singh

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​Kurri Sidauli, Raja of; Hon Mr. Rampal Singh, C.I.E. (1894); b. 1867; educ: Rae Bareli High School and at the M.A.O. College, Aligarh; succeeded to the Estate, 1875; younger grand-son of Raja Har Har Deo; founded Co-operative Credit Societies in his estate; founded and endowed hospitals; contributed liberally to the Hindu University Fund, and the Hindu Boarding House, Allahabad; started the Kshatriya Educational Society at Rae Bareli for the education of the poor of the Kshatriya community; connected with many public institutions in various capacities; Fellow of the Allahabad University; Director of the Allahabad Bank; and Member, Legislative Council, United Provinces. Address: Sidauli, Maharajganj, Rae Bareli, U.P., India.
# The Inventory of the Poet's Goods and Chattels

* "The Inventory", in The Beauties of Burn's Poems (1819), a chapbook printed in Falkirk
* "The Inventory of the Poet's Goods and Chattels", in The Poetical Works of Robert Burns (1887), edited by Alexander Smith
# The Indian Biographical Dictionary (1915)/Tribhuvan Singh Thakur

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​Tribhuvan Singh Thakur, Rai Sahib, (1911); Subha of Nirmar, Indore State; b. 1859; educ: privately; g.s. of late Ganga Prasad; joined service of ​Krishnangar State, 1892; Tahsildar, Jalwar State, 1895; Subha and District Magistrate, Bhanpura, 1901; a Zamindar of influence in Fategarph and Etawa districts. Address: Nimar, Indore, Central India.
# The Indian Biographical Dictionary (1915)/Trevelyan, Sir Ernest John

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​Trevelyan, Sir Earnest John, Kt. (1909); D.C.L., Oxford; b. 1850; 2nd s. of late Major-General H. W. Trevelyan, C.B., R.A.; Fellow of All Souls’ College, Oxford; called to the Bar (Middle Temple), 1873; Judge, High Court, Calcutta, 1885-98; Vice-Chancellar, Calcutta University, 1897-98; President, Building Commission, 1897-98; Reader in Indian Law, Oxford University, 1900; Accessor of Chancellor’s Court, Oxford University, 1900. Publications: Works on Indian Law. Address: 1, Marston Ferry Road, Oxford. Club: Oriental.