OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Spain, William

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​Spain, William, was appointed by Lord John Russell as commissioner to examine the land claims of the New Zealand Company in that colony. On the way out he was wrecked along with Surveyor-General Ligar (q.v.) at the Cape of Good Hope. The Governor, Sir G. Napier, sent them on in the Antilla, in which Mr. Spain reached Wellington on Dec. 24th, 1841, his arrival being welcomed by the natives "as a means of terminating their disputes" with the Company. Colonel Wakefield appealed to the home Government against Mr. Spain's jurisdiction, but to no effect; the Government declaring its intention of abiding by its commissioner's decisions. Mr. Spain found many difficulties put in his path, and was a long time engaged upon his complicated work. In the meantime the Wairau massacre occurred, concerning which the commissioner wrote: "I have arrived at the conclusion that the conduct of the Company's agents in forcing a survey of the Wairau can only be regarded as an attempt to set British law at defiance, and to obtain possession of a tract of land the title to which was disputed, and at the very time under the consideration of a commissioner specially appointed to report upon it." Mr. Spain subsequently had an interview with Rauparaha, the leader in the massacre. On June 12th, 1844, he delivered his award in regard to the purchase of land at Waitara in Taranaki. This he decided had been a legitimate purchase by Captain Hobson from the Waikato chiefs, and be therefore awarded the New Zealand Company a Crown grant of 60,000 acres. But the decision was much objected to by the Ngatiawa tribe, who claimed that the land was in reality theirs, and had only been conquered by the Waikatos, who, since they did not occupy, were in their Maori law not possessors. The clamour raised about this point was so great that Governor Fitzroy, fearing bloodshed, set aside the award, only giving the Company 3,500 acres. This caused great discontent among the Europeans, and even Mr. Spain was mortified that one of the few awards he had been able to make in favour of the ​New Zealand Company should be set aside. It was, it may be noted, this Waitara dispute that led eventually to the wars in 1863 and the following years. At the time, too, the various awards were the occasion of more or less trouble on the part of the natives. Mr. Spain left New Zealand after his work was over, and practised as a solicitor in New South Wales.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Spence, Charlotte H.

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​Spence, Charlotte H., daughter of David Spence and sister of John Brodie Spence (q.v.), is a lady of great cultivation, who has contributed numerous articles to Australian and English periodicals, and was a friend and correspondent of the famous George Eliot. Miss Spence contributed a valuable literary essay on the genius of the great female novelist to the Melbourne Review, and also wrote on Daudet and the later ​French school of fiction. She is connected with the State Children's Department of South Australia, and is the authoress of "The Laws we Live under, with some chapters on Elementary Political Economy and the Duties of Citizens," which was published in 1881, under the direction of the Minister of Education of South Australia. Miss Spence was born at Melrose in 1825, and went to South Australia with her parents in 1839. In 1854 she published "Clare Morrison, a Tale of the South Australian Gold Fever"; in 1856 "Tender and True"; in 1865 "Mr. Hogarth's Will"; and in 1868 "The Author's Daughter." "Gathered In," another novel from her pen, appeared in the Adelaide Observer and the Queenslander. In 1884 Miss Spence published anonymously in London "An Agnostic's Progress," written from a theistic point of view. She is a strong advocate of the Hare system of representation, and thirty years ago published a pamphlet in Adelaide entitled "A Plea for Pure Democracy," arguing for its adoption in South Australia. Miss Spence has taken a practical interest in the working of the boarding-out system as applied to the neglected children of South Australia, and is a warm champion of the outdoor relief system wisely administered.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Spence, John Brodie

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​Spence, John Brodie, was born at Melrose, Scotland, in 1824, and arrived in South Australia with his parents in Oct. 1839. His father, David Spence, solicitor, was town clerk of the first corporation of Adelaide, and died in 1846. Mrs. Spence lived till 1888, reaching the great age of ninety-seven. Mr. John Brodie Spence was engaged in country pursuits till 1845, when he removed to Adelaide and was connected with the Bank of South Australia for seven years. He was afterwards for five years Official Assignee and Curator of Intestate Estates, but left that office for the managership of the English and Scottish Bank, which he held till 1878. He was elected a member of the Legislative Council in 1881, second on the poll of the colony as one electorate, and was Chief Secretary in the Downer Government from June to Oct. 1885, Commissioner of Public Works from the latter date till June 1886, when he again took office as Chief Secretary, but finally retired in July.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Spalding, Colonel Warner Wright

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​Spalding, Colonel Warner Wright, C.M.G., commandant, New South Wales Regular Artillery, son of the late Colonel Richard Spalding, was born in 1844 and educated at the Royal Naval School, New Cross. He entered the Royal Marines in 1862, retiring on halfpay in 1869. He served in Japan in 1864 and 1866 with the Royal Marines battalion at the bombardment of the batteries at the Straits of Simonaski, and carried the colours at the assault, capture and destruction of the five batteries, stockade, magazine and barracks, from Sept. 5th to 8th, 1864. In 1871 he became captain in the New South Wales Artillery, major in 1876, lieut.-colonel in 1885, and subsequently brevet-colonel. He served with the New South Wales contingent in the Soudan war in 1885, as second in command under Major-General Richardson, being thereupon created C.M.G., mentioned in despatches, and receiving the medal with clasps and the Khedive's star. Colonel Spalding married, in 1884, La Valette B., daughter of F. Keele. In 1892 he succeeded Colonel Roberts in the command of the New South Wales Artillery.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Solly, Benjamin Travers

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​Solly, Benjamin Travers, J. P., arrived in South Australia from England in 1840, and joined the Government service in 1850, went to Tasmania in 1855, and was appointed private secretary to Governor Sir Henry Fox Young in February of that year. In Oct. 1857 he accepted the appointment of Under-Secretary, and still holds that office. In 1883 he was made a magistrate of the Territory.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Speight, Richard

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​Speight, Richard, late Chairman of the Railway Commission of Victoria, was brought up from boyhood in the service of the Midland Railway Company until he attained a responsible position on the management. In 1883, the Service-Berry Government having passed an Act transferring the management of the railways of Victoria from the political head of the department to a permanent board of three commissioners, it was decided to obtain the services of a first-class expert from England as chairman of the embryo board. In the result the choice fell upon Mr. Speight, and he arrived in Melbourne on Feb. 11th, 1884, to assume the duties of his responsible post, his colleagues being two local gentlemen, the late Mr. Agg and Mr. Ford. The new arrangement appeared to work excellently for a time, and when Mr. Speight's first term of seven years was nearing its expiry, negotiations for its extension were opened with him by the Gillies-Deakin Government. On their defeat at the end of 1890, Mr. Shiels, the new Minister of Railways in the Munro Government, assumed a tone decidedly unfavourable to the commissioners, and introduced a bill, which was subsequently carried, greatly curtailing their powers by rendering them more directly amenable to the authority of Parliament. Construction was to be taken out of their hands, and their duties were to be confined to practical management. On these terms Mr. Speight's reappointment was ultimately negotiated, but friction continued to prevail between the commission and the political head of the Railway Department. In 1892 Mr. Wheeler, the Minister of Railways in the Cabinet of which Mr. Shiels had now become head, demanded of the commissioners the suggestion of a scheme for effecting a very large retrenchment in the annual cost of working the state lines. The commission complied, but in a manner which gave dissatisfaction to the Government, the result being that they were summarily suspended from office till the pleasure of Parliament could be made known. When the Houses met after the General Election in April 1892, an address to the Crown was carried in the Assembly for the removal of the commissioners. In the meantime efforts were made to effect a compromise, with the result that Mr. Speight and his co-commissioners ultimately agreed with the Government to resign on being paid compensation for loss of office to the amount of half the salaries which would have accrued due to them had they continued in office till the expiry of their renewed engagements. The sum Mr. Speight received was £5,250.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Spencer, Professor Walter Baldwin

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​Spencer, Professor Walter Baldwin, M. A., Professor of Biology in the University of Melbourne, is the son of Reuben Spencer, of Stretford, Lancashire, and was educated primarily at Owens College, Manchester, and at the London University. Being subsequently elected to an open science scholarship at Exeter College, Oxford, he matriculated there on Oct. 20th, 1881, retaining his scholarship till 1885. He was also awarded the Dalton Natural History Prize in the College for Botany and Comparative Anatomy. He graduated B.A. in 1884 being placed in the first class in the Honour Schools of natural science. Subsequent to taking his degree, he was appointed assistant to the Linacre Professor of Human and Comparative Anatomy at Oxford, and in March 1886 was elected to a Fellowship in Lincoln College, Oxford, which he held till his departure for Australia in Feb. 1887, having been appointed in the previous month to fill the Chair of Biology in the University of Melbourne. Prof. Spencer has published seven or eight valuable papers on subjects cognate to the particular branch of scientific study to which he has devoted himself.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Spensley, Hon. Howard

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​Spensley, Hon. Howard, eldest son of William Spensley, of London, was born in London in 1837, and emigrated to Victoria in 1858. He was called to the Victorian Bar in 1864, and shortly afterwards entered public life, being returned to the Legislative Assembly for Portland in 1871. He was Solicitor-General in the Duffy Government from June 1871 to June 1872. In the following year be returned to England, where he has since resided. Mr. Howard Spensley was called to the English Bar at the Middle Temple, in 1876. In 1885 he was elected M.P. for Central Finsbury, as an advanced Liberal and staunch supporter of Mr. Gladstone, but was defeated at the 1886 election by only five votes. Mr. Spensley has, since his residence in England, always shown a strong interest in Australian affairs, particularly those of the colony of Victoria; and he is one of the Board of Advice to the Agent-General He is also one of the representatives of the colony of Victoria on the Council of the Imperial institute. Mr. Spensley, who is a Fellow of the Royal Colonial Institute as well as of the Royal Geographical Society, is chairman of the London Board of the ​Federal Bank of Australia. Mr. Spensley married in 1868 Sapie, daughter of the late Simon Staughton, a well-known squatter in Victoria. In 1881 he represented Victoria at the Venice Geographical Congress, in 1883 was Commissioner at the Exhibition in Amsterdam, and in 1891 was appointed representative of the colony on the Council of the Imperial Institute. He is a Knight of the Order of the Crown of Italy. Mr. Spensley was an unsuccessful candidate for Dudley at the General Election in July 1892.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Spofforth, Frederick Robert

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​Spofforth, Frederick Robert, the famous cricketer, more familiarly known under the sobriquet of the "Demon Bowler," is a Yorkshireman by descent, and is a nephew of Mr. Markham Spofforth, who was well known as a solicitor and election manager for the English Tory party. His father emigrated to Sydney, N.S.W., and was highly esteemed in banking circles there. Mr. Spofforth was born at Balmain, near Sydney, on Sept. 9th, 1855, and was educated at Eglinton College, Sydney. He played with the Newtown Club in 1871-2, and subsequently with the Albert Club in the New South Wales metropolis. At first he was almost equally esteemed as a batsman and as a bowler, but gradually became especially distinguished in the latter capacity. In Jan. 1874 he played for New South Wales in the match at Sydney against W. G. Grace's team, and took three wickets for fourteen runs. This was his first considerable performance. He was not, however, chosen as one of the combined Australian team to meet the Englishmen during that tour, but in the next season (Dec. 1874) it was chiefly owing to his bowling that New South Wales was able to beat Victoria at Melbourne, for the first time for seven years. In 1878 Mr. Spofforth visited England as one of Gregory's team. On this occasion he thoroughly justified the cognomen of the "Demon Bowler" which he had already acquired in Australia. He first made a name in England in the memorable contest with the M.C.C. and Ground, when he and Boyle together succeeded in getting rid of an extremely strong batting side for 33 runs in the first and 19 in the second innings. In the first innings he bowled 23 balls for 4 runs and 6 wickets. During the tour he was credited with as many as 110 wickets at an average of under 10½ runs, besides having the respectable batting average of 13 for 28 innings. He paid a second visit to England with the 1880 team, and though an injury prevented him playing in the most memorable match of the tour, he took no less than 391 English wickets at an average of only a little over 5 runs. He was a member of Murdoch's 1884 team, and increased his reputation as a bowler by his constant success on the hard wickets prevalent in England during the tour. His delivery is right-handed, and from its very nature causes the ball to get up quickly from the pitch. He has completely learnt perhaps the greatest secret of bowling—to vary his pitch without giving the batsman any clue to his intentions. He was at one time a very fast bowler, but latterly he has reduced his pace. He is a fair batsman, a good field, particularly at point, and generally a sure catch. He played for New South Wales from 1874 to 1885, and for Victoria from 1885 to 1887. Mr. Spofforth was formerly a clerk in the Bank of New South Wales in Sydney, and was then engaged in squatting pursuits in Cootamundra, in New South Wales. He is now settled in England, where he has qualified for Derbyshire.
# The Coronation of Inez de Castro

* The Coronation of Inez De Castro, in The New Monthly Magazine Volume 23, 1828.
* The Coronation of Inez De Castro, in Songs of the Affections, with Other Poems (Songs of the Affections), 1830.
# The Coronet

When for the thorns with which I long, too long, With many a piercing wound, My Saviour's head have crowned, I seek with garlands to redress that wrong,— Through every garden, every mead, I gather flowers (my fruits are only flowers), Dismantling all the fragrant towers That once adorned my shepherdess's head: And now, when I have summed up all my store, Thinking (so I my self deceive) So rich a chaplet thence to weave As never yet the King of Glory wore, Alas ! I find the Serpent old, That, twining in his speckled breast, About the flowers disguised, does fold With wreaths of fame and interest. Ah, foolish man, that wouldst debase with them, And mortal glory, Heaven's diadem! But thou who only couldst the Serpent tame, Either his slippery knots at once untie, And disentangle all his winding snare, Or shatter too with him my curious frame, And let these wither—so that he may die— Though set with skill, and chosen out with care; That they, while thou on both their spoils dost tread, May crown Thy feet, that could not crown Thy head.
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Emerton, James H.

Edition of 1920. See also James Henry Emerton on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
EMERTON, James H., American naturalist and illustrator: b. Salem, Mass., 1847. He is the illustrator of Packard's ‘Guide to the Study of Insects’; Scudder's ‘Butterflies of North America’; Verrill's papers in ‘Reports of the United States Fish Commission’ (1884); and Minot's ‘Embryology.’ He is the author of seven papers on “New England Spiders” in the ‘Transactions’ of the Connecticut Academy; ‘The Structure and Habits of Spiders’ (1878) and ‘Common Spiders of the United States’ (1902). Emerton constructed anatomical and zoological models for museums at Cambridge, New Haven, New York and Washington.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Emery, Henry Crosby

Edition of 1920. See also Henry Crosby Emery on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
EMERY, Henry Crosby, American economist: b. Ellsworth, Me., 21 Dec. 1872. In 1892 he was graduated at Bowdoin and later studied at Harvard, Columbia and Berlin. From 1894 to 1900 he was instructor and professor of pohlical economy at Bowdoin and from 1901 to 1909 was professor of political economy at Yale. In 1909 he was made chairman of the United States Tariff Board, but returned to his chair at Yale in 1913. He has written ‘Speculation on the Stock and Produce Exchanges of the United States’ (in ‘Columbia University Studies’ (1896); ‘The Tariff Board and Its Work’ (1910); ‘The Work of the Tariff Board in Connection with the Cotton Industry’ (1911); ‘Politician, Party and People’ (1913); ‘Some Economic Aspects of War’ (1914).
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Ender, Eduard

Edition of 1920. See also Eduard Ender on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
ENDER, Eduard, Austrian painter: b. Vienna 1824. He is the son of Johann Ender (q.v.) and is noted alike for his historical and genre works, among which are ‘Francis I in the Studio of Cellini’; ‘Shakespeare Reading “Macbeth” before the Court of Elizabeth’; ‘La Corbeille de Mariage’; and ‘A Game of Chess.’
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Emerson, Oliver Farrar

Edition of 1920. See also Oliver Farrar Emerson on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
EMERSON, Oliver Farrar, American educator: b. Traer, Iowa, 24 May 1860. He studied at Iowa College, taking a post-graduate course at Cornell University, where he received the degree of D.Ph. in 1891. After serving as superintendent of schools in Grinnell and Muscatine, Iowa, he was principal of the Academy of Iowa College (1885-88); instructor in English (1889-91) Cornell University and assistant professor of rhetoric and English philology in the same institution (1892-96), when he took the same chair in Western Reserve University. He is member of the Modern Language Association, American Dialect Society, Simplified Spelling Board, and is a regular contributor to philological papers. He has published ‘History of the English Language’ (1894); ‘A Brief History of the English Language’ (1896); an edition of ‘Dr. Jonson's Rasselas’ (1895); and ‘Memoirs of the Life and Writings of Edward Gibbon’ (1898); ‘A Middle English Reader’ (1905); ‘Poems of Chaucer’ (1911); ‘Outline History of the English Language’ (1906); and contributions to various philological journals and magazines.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Emerton, Ephraim

Edition of 1920. See also Ephraim Emerton on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
EMERTON, Bphraim, American historian: b. Salem, Mass., 18 Feb. 1851. He was graduated at Harvard 1871 and studied in Leipzig, becoming instructor in Harvard 1876, and professor of ecclesiastical history there 1882. His works include: ‘Synopsis of History of Continental Europe’; ‘The Study of Church History’; ‘The Practical Method in Higher Historical Education’ (1885); ‘An Introduction to the Study of the Middle Ages’ (1888); ‘Mediæval Europe’ (1894); ‘Desiderius Erasmus’; ‘Heroes of the Reformation’; ‘Sir William Temple und die Tripleallianz vom Jahre, 1668’; ‘Unitarian Thought’ (1911).
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Ender, Johann

Edition of 1920. See also Johann Ender on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer. The reference to Venice is apparently a slip and should say Vienna instead.
ENDER, Johann, Austrian artist: b. Vienna, 4 Nov. 1793; d. 16 March 1854. As a portrait painter he was successful at an early age. In 1818-19 he made a tour of Italy, Turkey and Greece, remaining in Rome 1820-26. Upon his return to Venice he devoted his attention to miniature and historical paintings, being professor at the Academy from 1829 to 1850. Among his works are ‘Madonna with Slumbering Christ-Child’ (Vienna Museum); ‘Marcus Aurelius on His Death Bed’ (1814, Esterhazy Gallery); his masterpiece, ‘The Crucifixion’ (a fresco in the Vienna Cathedral); ‘Orestes Pursued by the Furies’ (1815); ‘Minerva Showing Ithaca to Ulysses’ (1816); ‘Assumption’; ‘Sleeping at Christ's Sepulchre’ (1817); ‘Judith’; ‘Bacchus Finding Ariadne’; and many portraits.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Emerson, Luther Orlando

Edition of 1920. See also Luther Orlando Emerson on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
EMERSON, Luther Orlando, American composer: b. Parsonsfield, Me., 3 Aug. 1820; d. Hyde Park, Mass., 29 Sept. 1915. He studied music and later taught for eight years in Salem, Mass. He then served as organist and musical director in various churches in Massachusetts, and was the director of about 300 musical festivals and conventions. He published ‘The Romberg Collection’ (1853); ‘The Golden Wreath’ (1857); ‘The Golden Harp’ (1858); ‘The Sabbath Harmony’ (1860); ‘The Heart of Judah’ (1863); ‘Jubilate’ (1866), etc.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Ender, Thomas

Edition of 1920. See also Thomas Ender on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
ENDER, Thomas, Austrian artist: b. Vienna, 4 Nov. 1793; d. there, 28 Sept. 1875. He was twin brother of Johann Ender (q.v.). He also studied at the Vienna Academy, becoming a noted landscape painter. He won the grand prize at the Vienna Academy 1816. Going to Brazil in 1817, he brought back nearly a thousand drawings and water colors. He visited Italy, Palestine, Greece and Paris. In 1836 he became corrector and later professor at the Vienna Academy, filling that chair until 1849. Among his works are ‘View of Grossglockner’; ‘Castle Tyrol’; ‘Coast of Sorento’; ‘View of Rio de Janeiro’ (Vienna Academy); ‘Chapel in the Woods’ (National Gallery, Berlin).
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Fries, Jakob Friedrich

Edition of 1920. See also Jakob Friedrich Fries on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
FRIES, Jakob Friedrich, German philosopher: b. Barby, Saxony, 23 Aug. 1773; d. Wartburg, Germany, 10 Aug. 1843. He received his education at Leipzig and Jena and in 1801 was appointed lecturer in philosophy at the latter university. He was professor of philosophy and elementary mathematics at Heidelberg 1806-16, after which he held the chair of theoretical philosophy at Jena. He is a link between Kant's system and the so-called historical school. According to his theory philosophy is founded in the last analysis in subjective knowledge and it is propounded thoroughly only by means of psychological analysis. ‘The New or Anthropological Critique of Reason’ (1807) is his most important book. He wrote also ‘Handbook to Psychical Anthropology’ (1820); ‘System of Metaphysics’ (1824), etc.