# Cassell's Illustrated History of England/Volume 4

ESCAPE OF THE EARL OF NITHSDALE FROM THE TOWER.
CASSELL'S
ILLUSTRATED
HISTORY OF ENGLAND.
VOLUME IV.
FROM THE ACCESSION OF WILLIAM III. TO THE DEATH OF GEORGE II.
LONDON:
CASSELL, PETTER, AND GALPIN,
LUDGATE HILL, E.C.;
AND 596, BROADWAY, NEW YORK.
PREFACE.
Close on the skirts of the romantic and inspiriting transactions of the American War of Independence rises the sombre and sublime story of the French Revolution,—the most peculiar and awfully interesting of all human events. From the midst of this tragic condition rolls forth, like a torrent of burning lava from a blazing volcano, the great European War, convulsing all nations, overturning nearly all thrones, devastating almost the whole surface of Europe, and presenting to our astonished gaze the lurid career of the most surprising conqueror in the world's history. No romance can bear any comparison with the history of the rise, triumphs, and fall of Napoleon I. We can find no such wild extremes, no such moral for ambitious kings, as those expressed in Lord Byron's "Ode to Napoleon:"—
"'Tis done—but yesterday a king! And arm'd with kings to strive—
and now thou art a nameless thing: So abject—yet alive!
Is this the man of thousand thrones,
Who strew'd our earth with hostile bones. And can he thus survive?
Since he, miscall'd the Morning Star,
Nor man nor fiend hath fallen so far. *****
"Thanks for that lesson—it will teach To after-warriors more
Than high Philosophy can preach, And vainly preach'd before.
That spell upon the minds of men
Breaks, never to unite again, That led them to adore
Those Paged things of sabre sway,
With fronts of brass and feet of clay."
ILLUSTRATIONS TO THE FOURTH VOLUME.
* PAGE
* Frontispiece—Escape of the Earl of Nithsdale from the Tower................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
* Death of Dundee ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................1
* William III. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................6
* Mary II. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................7
* Great Seal of William and Mary. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................12
* James II. taking leave of Louis XIV. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................13
* Londonderry, from a drawing in the King's Library, British Museum ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................18
* Reception of James II. in Dublin ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................19
* Kensington Palace, favourite residence of William III. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................25
* Old Abbey, Waterford ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................30
* William III. wounded at the Boyne ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................31
* William III. at the Battle of the Boyne ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................37
* William III. in an open boat off the coast of Holland ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................42
* Arrest of Jacobites ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................43
* Congress at the Hague ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................49
* View near Bantry ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................54
* Massacre of Glencoe—Death of Mac Ian ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................55
* Death of Admiral Carter ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................61
* The Rock of St. Malo ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................66
* Murder of Mountford ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................67
* Heidelberg Castle ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................73
* The old Harbour of Barcelona ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................78
* Fort of Berthaume, near Brest, and Cape Finisterre ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................79
* The Bombardment of Brussels ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................85
* Presentation of an Address to William III. at Oxford ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................90
* The Hotel de Ville, Ghent ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................91
* Examination of Pendergrast ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................97
* Arrest of Sir John Fenwick ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................102
* Destruction of Givet ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................103
* Peter the Great, Czar of Muscovy ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................109
* Defeat of the Turks by Prince Eugene ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................114
* Thanksgiving at St. Paul's ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................115
* Peter the Czar receiving visitors in the Dockyard ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................121
* Old Palace at Madrid ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................126
* William III. entrusting the young Duke of Gloucester to Bishop Burnet ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................127
* Captain Kydd concealing treasure in a cavern ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................133
* Madame de Maintenon ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................138
* Charles XII. of Sweden entering Copenhagen ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................139
* View of Ostend ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................145
* View of Naples ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................150
* Harley receiving the "Legion" Memorial ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................151
* King James II. at La Trappe ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................157
* The vinery at Hampton Court ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................162
* William III. thrown from his horse near Hampton Court ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................163
* Queen Anne ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................169
* Great Seal of Queen Anne ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................174
* Queen Anne's Privy Council ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................175
* Queen Anne touching young Samuel Johnson for the Evil ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................181
* View on the Rhine ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................186
* The Archduke Charles presenting his sword to Marlborough ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................187
* St. James's Palace in the reign of Queen Anne ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................193
* Marlborough House, London ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................198
* Battle of Schellenberg ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................199
* Medal struck in honour of Marlborough and Eugene, after the Battle of Blenheim ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................201
* View on the Mediterranean between Nice and Monaco ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................204
* Interior of the church of Louvain ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................205
* View in Barcelona—Old Man's Fountain ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................210
* Rescue of the Duchess of Popoli ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................211
* Palace of Barcelona ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................216
* Narrow escape of Marlborough at the Battle of Ramillies ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................217
* View of Ghent (1706) ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................219
* Doria Palace, Genoa ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................222
* Duchess of Savoy and children quitting Turin ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................223
* Costumes of the People of Alicante ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................226
* Duke of Hamilton going to the Scottish parliament house ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................228
* Interview between Marlborough and the King of Sweden ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................229
* View in Saxony between Welhen and Rathen ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................234
* The wreckers stripping the body of Sir Cloudeslcy Shovel ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................235
* Great Seal of Queen Anne after the union of England and Scotland ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................235
* Limbourg, in the Netherlands ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................241
* Marshal Boufflers ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................246
* The Duchess of Marlborough upbraiding Queen Anne and Mrs. Masham ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................247
* Battle of Malplaquet ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................253
* Castle and Town of Alicante ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................258
* D'Asfeldt and the English officers in the Mine ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................259
* Sacheverel rioters destroying the furniture of the chapel near Lincoln's Inn ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................264
* Trial of Dr. Sacheverel ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................265
* Council Chamber at the Hague ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................270
* View in the Pyrenees ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................271
* Dr. Swift, Dean of St. Patrick's ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................276
* Attempted Assassination of Harley ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................277
* John Churchill, Duke of Marlborough, from the original portrait by Kneller ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................282
* The Supper Party at St. John's, at Windsor ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................283
* Sarah, Duchess of Marlborough, from the original picture by Kneller ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................288
* Prince Eugene received by Queen Anne ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................289
* Utrecht ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................294
* Congress at Utrecht ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................295
* The Chevalier St. George, commonly called the Pretender, from an authentic portrait ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................301
* Westminster from the river, in the time of Queen Anne ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................306
* Queen Anne's last progress to the Parliament House ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................307
* People of Catalonia ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................310
* Queen Anne and the Ballad Writer ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................313
* Queen Anne giving the White Staff to the Earl of Shrewsbury ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................318
* Queen Anne and Mrs. Danvers in the Presence Chamber ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................319
* Queen Anne's Bedchamber ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................322
* Proclamation of George I. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................325
* George I., from an authentic portrait ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................330
* Landing of the Chevalier de St. George in Scotland ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................331
* Great Seal of George I. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................336
* Arrest of Sir William Wyndham ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................337
* Glengarry's Charge ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................342
* The Pretender entering Dundee ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................343
* View of the City of Perth ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................348
* The Countess of Derwentwater pleading for her husband's life ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................349
* The Chevalier de St. George and his Council ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................355
* Execution of Lord Derwentwater on Tower Hill ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................360
* Arrest of the Swedish Ambassador ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................361
* Joseph Addison ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................366
* The Earl of Oxford going to trial ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................367
* Interview between Cardinal Alberoni and Colonel Stanhope ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................373
* Messina, in Sicily ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................378
* Arrest of the Princess Clementina ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................379
* 'Change Alley during the frenzy of the South Sea Bubble ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................385
* South Sea House, London ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................390
* Kelley, the non-juring clergy man, destroying the treasonable papers ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................391
* Soldiers firing on the rioters during the insurrection at Glasgow ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................397
* Horace Walpole's first interview with George I. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................402
* King George I. attacked by a fit of apoplexy ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................403
* George II. receiving from Walpole intelligence of his father's death ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................409
* Gibraltar ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................414
* Reception of a debtor in the Fleet Prison in the days of George II. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................415
* Great Seal of George II. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................420
* Riotous Assembly outside the Parliament House on the introduction of the Excise Scheme................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................421
* Entrance to the old House of Lords ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................426
* Death of the Duke of Berwick ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................427
* The Edinburgh Mob carrying Captain Porteus to Execution ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................433
* George II., from an authentic portrait by Highmore ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................438
* Queen Caroline, Consort of George II., From an authentic portrait by Amiconi ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................439
* The Prince of Wales drinking success to the war at Temple Bar ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................445
* Frederick the Great of Prussia ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................450
* Maria Theresa appealing to the Magyar Diet ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................451
* Westminster Election in the time of George II. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................457
* Harbour of Helsingfors ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................462
* The Retreat of Belleisle ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................463
* View near Egra, Bohemia ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................468
* George II. at the Battle of Dettingen ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................469
* Medal struck in commemoration of the Battle of Dettingen ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................471
* View in the City of Worms ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................474
* Flight of Prince Charles from Rome ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................475
* Arrest of the Duke of Belleisle at Elbingerode ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................481
* Prince Charles Stuart (the Young Pretender), from an authentic portrait ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................486
* Young Moidart swearing allegiance to Prince Charles Stuart ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................487
* Erecting the Standard of the Young Pretender ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................493
* Stirling Castle ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................498
* Pinkie House ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................498
* Holyrood House, Edinburgh ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................499
* Field of Prestonpans ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................504
* Carlisle Castle ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................505
* Edinburgh Castle ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................510
* Mrs. Skyring welcoming the Young Pretender ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................511
* Medal of Prince Charles Edward ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................516
* Medal of James III. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................516
* Retreat of the Young Pretender ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................517
* Field of Culloden ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................522
* Battle of Culloden ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................523
* The Escape of the Young Pretender ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................529
* Attack on Bergen-op-Zoom ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................534
* Arrest of the Young Pretender in Paris ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................535
* Death of the Prince of Wales, son of George II. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................541
* Horace Walpole, from an authentic portrait................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................546
* "Fleet Marriages." Scene in the Fleet Prison during the reign of George II................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................547
* View on the River Ohio, North America................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................552
* Death of General Braddock................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................553
* Plymouth................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................558
* Frederick the Great of Prussia, from a rare print of the period................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................559
* Execution of Admiral Byng................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................565
* General Wolfe, from an authentic portrait................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................570
* View of the City of Quebec, Canada................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................571
* Death of General Wolfe................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................576
* Garden of the Royal Residence at Potsdam................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................577
* River front of the Old House of Peers................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................582
* Old East India House................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................583
* Medal of the Seven Bishops................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................586
* William III. giving his assent to the Toleration Act................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................588
* Whitefield preaching................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................589
* Convocation House, St. Paul's................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................591
* Addison's Walk at Oxford................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................594
* The Residence of Richardson, the novelist................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................594
* Alexander Pope................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................595
* Popes Villa, Twickenham................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................600
* Organ in St. Paul's Cathedral................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................602
* Harpsichord of the time of Queen Anne................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................603
* Tomb of Sir Christopher Wren................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................604
* St. Paul’s Cathedral................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................606
* Greenwich Hospital................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................607
* William Hogarth, from a painting by himself................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................610
* Five Pound Piece of William and Mary................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................613
* Silver Coin of Queen Anne................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................613
* Queen Anne's Farthing................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................613
* Crown Piece of George I................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................6l3
* Shilling Piece of George I................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................613
* Guinea of George I................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................614
* Wood's Halfpence................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................614
* Silver Penny of George I................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................614
* Costume of Lady and Gentleman in the time of William and Mary................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................614
* Ladies of Queen Anne's time................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................615
* Gentlemen of the time of George I.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................616
* A London Street in the time of Queen Anne, from a rare engraving................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................617
* Scene in the Parks (1745)................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................618
* A Sedan of the time of George I................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................619
* Carriage of the time of Queen Anne................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................619
* Chapter 1
* Chapter 2
* Chapter 3
* Chapter 4
* Chapter 5
* Chapter 6
* Chapter 7
* Chapter 8
* Chapter 9
* Chapter 10
* Chapter 11
* Chapter 12
* Chapter 13
* Chapter 14
* Chapter 15
* Index