OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cotton v. Hawaii

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
211 U.S. 162
Cotton v. Hawaii
Argued: October 27, 1908. --- Decided: November 30, 1908
Messrs. Charles A. Keigwin and William B. Matthews for plaintiffs in error.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 163-165 intentionally omitted]
Mr. Charles R. Hemenway for defendant in error.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 165-166 intentionally omitted]
Mr. Justice White delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Desperate Remedies (Hardy)/Part 13
## XIII. THE EVENTS OF ONE DAY

    1. THE FIFTH OF JANUARY. BEFORE DAWN
    2. MORNING
    3. NOON
    4. AFTERNOON
    5. HALF-PAST TWO TO FIVE O'CLOCK P.M.
    6. FIVE TO EIGHT O'CLOCK P.M.
    8. HALF-PAST EIGHT O'CLOCK P.M.
    9. HALF-PAST EIGHT TO ELEVEN P.M.
# Devonshire Characters and Strange Events

This work contains an index
MARIA FOOTE, AFTERWARDS COUNTESS OF HARRINGTON, AS MARIA DARLINGTON IN THE FARCE OF "A ROWLAND FOR AN OLIVER" (1824)
DEVONSHIRE CHARACTERS
AND STRANGE EVENTS BY S. BARING-GOULD, M.A.
WITH 55 FULL-PAGE ILLUSTRATIONS REPRODUCED FROM OLD PRINTS, ETC.
O Jupiter! Hanccine vitam? hoscine mores? hanc dementtam? Terence, Adelphi (Act IV).
LONDON. JOHN LANE THE BODLEY HEAD NEW YORK: JOHN LANE COMPANY MCMVIII
PLYMOUTH: WILLIAM BRENDON AND SON, LIMITED, PRINTERS
CONTENTS :
| | page |
| Hugh Stafford and the Royal Wilding | 1 |
| The Alphington Ponies | 16 |
| Maria Foote | 21 |
| Caraboo | 35 |
| John Arscott, of Tetcott | 47 |
| Wife-sales | 58 |
| White Witches | 70 |
| Manly Peeke | 84 |
| Eulalia Page | 95 |
| James Wyatt | 107 |
| The Rev. W. Davy | 123 |
| The Grey Woman | 128 |
| Robert Lyde and the "Friend's Adventure" | 136 |
| Joseph Pitts | 152 |
| The Demon of Spreyton | 170 |
| Tom Austin | 175 |
| Frances Flood | 177 |
| Sir William Hankford | 181 |
| Sir John Fitz | 185 |
| Lady Howard | 194 |
| The Bidlakes, of Bidlake | 212 |
| The Pirates of Lundy | 224 ​ |
| Tom D'Urfey | 238 |
| The Bird of the Oxenhams | 248 |
| "Lusty" Stucley | 262 |
| The Bideford Witches | 274 |
| Sir "Judas" Stukeley | 278 |
| The Sampford Ghost | 286 |
| Philippa Gary and Anne Evans | 292 |
| Jack Rattenbury | 301 |
| John Barnes, Taverner and Highwayman | 320 |
| Edward Capern | 325 |
| George Medyett Goodridge | 332 |
| John Davy | 351 |
| Richard Parker, the Mutineer | 355 |
| Benjamin Kennicott, D.D | 369 |
| Captain John Avery | 375 |
| Joanna Southcott | 390 |
| The Stoke Resurrectionists | 405 |
| "The Beggars' Opera" and Gay's Chair | 414 |
| Bampfylde-Moore Carew | 425 |
| William Gifford | 436 |
| Benjamin R. Haydon | 457 |
| John Cooke | 478 |
| Savery and Newcomen, Inventors | 487 |
| Andrew Brice, Printer | 502 |
| Devonshire Wrestlers | 514 |
| Two Hunting Parsons | 529 |
| Samuel Prout | 564 |
| Fontelautus | 581 |
| William Lang, of Bradworthy | 594 |
| William Cookworthy | 600 ​ |
| William Jackson, Organist | 608 |
| John Dunning, First Lord Ashburton | 618 |
| Governor Shortland and the Princetown Massacre | 633 |
| Captain John Palk | 700 |
| Richard Weekes, Gentleman at Arms and Prisoner in the Fleet | 709 |
| Steer Nor'-West | 718 |
| George Peele | 726 |
| Peter Pindar | 737 |
| Dr. J. W. Budd | 754 |
| Rear-Admiral Sir Edward Chichester, Bart. | 772 |
ILLUSTRATIONS
# Devon and Cornwall Notes & Queries

Called 'Devon Notes and Queries' from 1900 to 1909.
Devon Notes and Queries
* Vol. I (January 1900 to October 1901) IA IA
* Vol. II (January 1902 to October 1903) (transcription project) (includes "The Ancient Stone Crosses of Dartmoor and its Borderland")
* Vol. III (January 1904 to October 1905) IA IA
* Vol. IV (January 1906 to October 1907) IA IA IA
* Vol. V (January 1908 to October 1909) IA
Devon & Cornwall Notes & Queries
* Vol. VI (January 1910 to October 1911) IA
* Vol. VII (January 1912 to October 1913) IA
* Vol. VIII (January 1914 to October 1915) IA
* Vol. IX (January 1916 to October 1917) (transcription project)
* Vol. X (January 1918 to October 1919) IA
* Vol. XI (January 1920 to October 1921) IA IA
** Second part IA IA
* Vol. XII (January 1922 to October 1923) IA
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Alcock, Nathan

1904 Errata appended.
​ALCOCK, NATHAN (1707–1779), physician, was born at Runcorn, Cheshire, September 1707. He was the second son of David and Mary Alcock, and was of the kin of the founder of Jesus College, Cambridge, Bishop Alcock. A dislike to his schoolmaster seems to have interrupted his classical education, and for a time he was idle and unsettled. He then formed a resolution to study, and promised, if his father would give him a small estate of 50l. a year, which he owned at Wirrel in Cheshire, to ask nothing further and to take to medicine. His father gave him the estate, and Alcock studied first at Edinhurgh and then under Boerhaave at Leyden, where he not only learned his profession but how to teach it, and graduated M.D. 1737. From Leyden he came to Oxford, where one professor of the medical faculty gave no lectures, and another did not reside. Alcock gave lectures on anatomy and on chemistry, and this roused a storm of opposition against him. Public readers were appointed to supply the defect of the professors and to suppress the Leyden doctor. The readers were unable to compete with a man fresh from the class rooms of Albinus and Gobius, and master of the lucid method of exposition which was the ground of the fame of Boerhaave; and while Alcock's unauthorised lectures were crowded, no one went to hear his opponents. Other methods of opposition were tried; for example, it was suggested that his residence in Holland had probably made him unsound in theological opinions, and when it was proposed to give him a degree, the heads of houses refused their consent. His friends, among whom were Sir William Blackstone and Dr. Lowth, afterwards bishop of London, were strong in his support, and in 1741 he was granted the degree of M.A., and incorporated of Jesus College. He became M.D. 1749, was elected F.R.S., and in 1754 a fellow of the College of Physicians (Munk, College of Physicians, ii. 189). His practice was extensive, and he purchased an estate near Runcorn. His happiness was disturbed by the death of a lady to whom he was, after a long engagement, about to be married, and he retired to his native ​place (1759) because this and some fits of illness made him disinclined for the exertions of professional life. At Runcorn, however, his practice soon became as extensive as it had been at Oxford. He worked on for nearly twenty years, and died of apoplexy 8 Dec. 1779. He was six feet high, of dark complexion and athletic make. Many stories were current of his successful cures and ready answers. A letter of his shows him to have been a resolute whig in politics, and in the church a follower of Hoadly. His Leyden thesis was on pneumonia. He published no other work, but told his biographer that he had begun to arrange some cases and to write on air, and on the effects of climate.
N. M.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.4 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 237 | ii | 22 | Alcock, Nathan: for Wirrel read Wirral |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Alcock, Simon

1904 Errata appended.
​ALCOCK, SIMON (d. 1459?), scholastic writer, was educated at Oxford, where he took the degrees of M.A. and D.D. Before 1422 he was presented to the living of West Tilbury in Essex, which he resigned in 1428 for that of Lamarsh in the same county. A prebend in Hereford Cathedral was apparently conferred on Alcock on 25 Aug. 1436; it seems probable that he subsequently became canon of Lincoln, and was buried in the cathedral there on 10 Aug. 1459. Alcock apparently maintained throughout his life his connection with Oxford, and he is still numbered among the benefactors of the libraries of Oriel and Magdalen Colleges. His works, which were never printed, include commentaries on Peter Lombard's ‘Liber Sententiarum,' entitled ‘Expositiones in Sententias Longobardi,' and many sermons. He was also the author of a ‘Tractatus de modo dividendi thema pro materia sermonis dilatanda,' which is preserved among the Harleian MSS. (635, f. 1), and of a ‘Libellus de arte dictaminis,' preserved among the MSS. of St. John's College, Oxford (clxxxiv. 4), the colophon of which states it to have been prepared as a lecture ‘a magistro Symone Alkoke, doctore in theologia, anno Domini M$^o$ cccc$^o$ 27.' Another work in manuscript at St. John's College, Oxford, entitled ‘Libellus de arte scribendi epistolas' (clxxxiv. 5), has also been ascribed to Alcock.
S. L. L.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.4 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 238 | i | 20 | Alcock, Simon: for (d. 1459?) read (d. 1458) |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Alcock, Thomas (1784-1833)

​ALCOCK, THOMAS (1784–1833), surgeon, was born at Rothbury, Northumberland. After an apprenticeship to a surgeon in Newcastle, he became in 1805 resident medical officer at the Sunderland Dispensary. In 1806 or 1807 he moved to London and became a general practitioner. From 1825 he devoted himself to surgery alone. From 1813 to 1828 he was surgeon to St. James's Workhouse. A visit to Paris in 1823 led him to publish in 1827 an essay upon the use of the chlorides of soda and lime in cases of hospital gangrene, the practice having been extensively applied in France by M. Labarraque. A course of ‘Lectures on Practical and Medical Surgery,’ delivered to the students of the Borough Dispensary, appeared in the ‘Lancet’ in 1825–6, and were republished with additions in 1830. He contributed many papers to medical journals. He died in 1833.
[S.D.U.K. Dictionary, from a manuscript communication.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Alcock, Thomas (1709-1798)

​ALCOCK, THOMAS (1709–1798), miscellaneous writer, a younger brother of Dr. Nathan Alcock, was educated at Brasenose College, Oxford, where he graduated M.A. in 1741. He entered the church, and was presented to the vicarage of Runcorn, in Cheshire; but during his later years he resided chiefly at St. Budrock's, near Plymouth. Besides some sermons, one of which, entitled ‘An Apology for Esau,' preached 21 May 1790, took an hour and a half in the delivery, he published ‘Observations on the Defects of the Poor Laws,' 1752, and ‘Remarks on two Bills for the better Maintenance of the Poor,' 1752; ‘Observations on that part of the late Act of Parliament which lays an additional Duty on Cider,' 1763; ‘The ​Endemical Colic of Devonshire,’ 1769. He wrote a memoir of his brother, Dr. Nathan Alcock, in 1780, and published his work, ‘The Rise of Mahomet accounted for on Natural and Civil Principles,’ in 1796.
S. J. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Alcock, Thomas (d.1563)

1904 Errata appended.
​ALCOCK, THOMAS (d. 1563), traveller, was an agent or servant of the Muscovy Company 1558–63. We learn from one of his letters, preserved by Hakluyt, that in 1558 he took his first journey overland from Moscow to Smolenskco in Russia, and thence through Poland towards Dansk (Danzig). He was, however, prevented from proceeding further than Tirwill (probably Turovli on the Dwina), where he was imprisoned in irons for thirty-six days, probably at the instigation of rival traders and ambassadors from Danzig, Lubeck, and Hamburg, who, moreover, prevailed upon the king of Poland to stop all traffic through his dominions of the English trading to Muscovy. We have no further evidence as to the termination of this journey; but in all probability Alcock was allowed to depart for England by way of warning, with the loss of all the money and goods entrusted to him by the company.
His second and last journey on behalf of the company was in 1563. Leaving Jeraslaue (Jaroslav), in Russia, he sailed down the Volga to Astracan; he then coasted the western shores of the Caspian Sea, and proceeded to Shammaki (Shamakha) in the Caucasus; from thence he travelled overland to Casbin (Kasbin), in Persia. Upon his return he was murdered at a place named Levvacta, not to be identified, being a day and a half's journey from Shamakha. It is probable that he met his death at the hands of a nobleman of the king of Hyrcania's court, with whom he was too earnest in demanding his debts. Another account says that ‘he was slaine by false knaves (robbers) in riding from the court without companie.' Alcock was the second Englishman to sail across the Caspian Sea into Persia, Anthony Jenkinson being the first to lead the way in 1561. The narrative of Alcock's last unfortunate voyage was written by his fellow traveller, Richard Chenie.
C. H. C.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.4 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 238 | i | 4 f.e. | Alcock, Thomas: for (d. 1563) read (d. 1564) |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Aldam, Thomas

​ALDAM, THOMAS (d. 1660), quaker, lived at Warmsworth, near Doncaster. He was an early disciple of G. Fox. In 1652 he was imprisoned in York for speaking in a ‘steeple-house,’ and fined 40l. for keeping on his hat and saying ‘thou’ to the judge. He was released, after two years and a half imprisonment, upon application, it is said, to Cromwell. He travelled to various prisons where Quakers were confined, and tried to obtain their release. He prophesied the downfall of the Protector for disregarding his petitions, and died April 1660.
[Tomkins's Piety Promoted, 2nd part; Tuke's Biographical Notices, ii. 59; Sewel's History of the Quakers; Smith's Catalogue of Friends' Books.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Alder, Joshua

1904 Errata appended.
​ALDER, JOSHUA (1792–1867), zoologist, was born on Easter Eve, 1792, at Newcastle-on-Tyne, his parents being provision merchants. He was educated at Tanfield School, under a relative, the Rev. Joseph Simpson, but left it at fifteen to enter business with his mother on his father's death in November 1808. An early acquaintance with Thomas Bewick helped to call out a faculty of drawing; he was fond of sketching on the kitchen walls with a burnt stick, and of holding dramatic performances with puppets constructed by himself. Becoming a member of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Newcastle in 1815, and being stimulated in natural history studies by companionship with members of the Hancock family and Mr. W. Robertson, an excellent botanist, he gradually devoted himself almost exclusively to British conchology, to which he afterwards added British zoophytology. During forty years he made summer visits to the places ​most favourable to his pursuits in the British Islands. His only sister, who survived him unmarried, always accompanied and assisted him. Thus he collected the large museum of British shells and zoophytes, which, with his library, was presented to the Natural History Society of Northumberland, Durham, and Newcastle-upon-Tyne, by Sir William Armstrong. The latter society, founded 1829, as well as the Tyneside Naturalists' Field Club, founded in 1846, owed very much to Alder. In conjunction with Mr. Albany Hancock, he published the great monograph ‘On the British Nudibranchiate Mollusca,’ 1845–55 (Ray Society). His various papers, all zoological, and over fifty in number, are published in the ‘Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Northumberland,’ vols. i. and ii.; ‘Trans. Tyneside Nat. Field Club,’ vols. i. iii. iv. v. vi.; ‘Nat. Hist. Trans. Northumberland,’ vol. i.; ‘Magaz. Zool. Bot.’ vol. ii.; ‘Ann. Nat Hist.’ from vol. vi. onwards; ‘Trans. Zool. Soc.’ vol. v.; ‘Journ. Microsc. Soc.’ vol. iv.; ‘Brit. Assoc. Reports,’ 1844. In 1840 Mr. Alder gave up business and devoted himself exclusively to science. The loss of all his property by the failure of a local bank in 1857 was irreparable; but by the aid of a Civil List pension of 70l., supplemented by personal friends, Alder was enabled to continue his work till his death in 1867. His geniality and uprightness were as notable as his power of accurate and minute observation and his trustworthiness as a draughtsman. His soundness of judgment made him an acknowledged authority in the discrimination of species. Many of his papers were written in conjunction with Mr. Albany Hancock, but the larger number bore his own name.
G. T. B.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.4 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 241 | ii | 21 f.e. | Alder, Joshua: for Easter-Eve read 7 Apr. |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Aldersey, Laurence

​ALDERSEY, LAURENCE (fl. 1581–1586), traveller, made two journeys to the Levant, the accounts of which, ‘set downe by himself,’ are preserved to us in the pages of Hakluyt. Aldersey set out on his first journey on 1 April 1581, travelling overland through Holland and Germany to Venice, where he embarked on board a vessel bound for Cyprus. From thence he sailed in a small bark and landed at Joppa (Jaffa), finally reaching Jerusalem, the goal of his journey, 12 Aug. After a visit of ten days to the Holy City and its environs, he returned by the way he came, passing through Nuremberg and Antwerp, and finishing his journey to and from Jerusalem in the space of nine months and five days.
His second journey was made by sea. Embarking at Bristol in the ship Hercules, of London, 21 Feb. 1586, he sailed through the Straits and first touched at the Goletta of Tunis; from thence he sailed to Zante and to Patras in the Morea. At the latter place he and his company were received with honour by the cadi of the town, as they had on board the Hercules twenty Turks, ‘redeemed by Sir Francis Drake in the West Indies, at which the cadi marvailed much at the Queenes Maiestie of England being a woman of such power and renown.’ From thence he sailed to various islands in the Grecian Archipelago, and after a second visit to Cyprus he landed at Tripolis, in Syria, whence he took a small passage boat and finally reached Alexandria on 28 July. The only Englishman to receive him there was Thomas Rickman, master of the ship ‘Tyger’ of London, who worthily performed the duties of a guide to the place. After visiting all the objects of interest in or near Alexandria and Cairo during a visit of fourteen days, he made his way to Argiers (Algiers); leaving this place on 7 Jan., he landed at Dartmouth on 1 Feb., and seven days later ‘came to London, with humble thanks to Almightie God for his safe arrival.’ Considering the period at which they were written, Aldersey's observations on men and cities are exceedingly curious and interesting; as, for instance, those upon Cologne, Augsburg, Venice, and Alexandria. His remarks upon the Doge and the Jews of Venice are worthy of the attention of the student of Shakespeare. Aldersey describes himself as a merchant of London; he was in all probability a near relative of Thomas Aldersey, whose name is familiar to the student of the State papers of the period.
C. H. C.
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Heracles 2.

​HERACLES or HERCULES ('Hpa»cA-^s), a son of Alexander the Great by Barsine, the daughter of the Persian Artabazus, and widow of the Rhodian Memnon. Though clearly illegitimate, his claims to the throne were put forth in the course of the discussions that arose on the death of Alexander (b.c. 323), according to one account by Nearchus, to another by Meleager. (Curt. x. 6. § 11 ; Justin, xi. 10, xiii. 2.) But the proposal was received with general disapprobation, and the young prince, who was at the time at Perganuis, where he had been brought up by Barsine, con- tinued to reside there, under his mother's care, ap- parently forgotten by all the rival candidates for empire, until the year 310, when he was dragged forth from his retirement, and his claim to the so- vereignty once more advanced by Polysperchon. The assassination of Roxana and her son by Cas- sander in the preceding year (b.c. 311) had left Hercules the only surviving representative of tlie royal house of Macedonia, and Polysperchon skil- fully availed himself of this circumstance to gather round his standard all those hostile to Cassander, or who clung to the last remaining shadow of he- reditary right. By these means he assembled an army of 20,000 foot and 1000 horse, with which he advanced towards Macedonia. Cassander met him at Trampyae, in the district of Stymphaea, but, alarmed at the disposition which he perceived in his own troops to espouse the cause of a son of Alexander, he would not risk a battle, and entered into secret negotiations with Polysperchon, by which he succeeded in inducing him to put the unhappy youth to death. Polysperchon, accord- ingly, invited the young prince to a banquet, which he at first declined, as if apprehensive of his fate, but was ultimately induced to accept the invitation, and was strangled immediately after the feast, b. c. 309. (Diod. XX. 20, 28 ; Justin, xv. 2 ; Plut. de fals. Pud. 4. p. 530 ; Paus. ix. 7. § 2 ; Lycophron. Akx. V. 800—804 ; and Tzetz. ad loc.) Accord-' ing to Diodorus, he was about seventeen years old when sent for by Polysperchon from Pergamus, ​and consequently about eighteen at the time of his death : the statement of Justin that he was only fourteen is certainly erroneous. (See Droysen, Hellenism, vol. i. p. 22.) [E. H. B.]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Heraclianus 3.

​HERACLIA′NUS ((Greek characters)), a physician of Alexandria, under whom Galen studied anatomy, about A. D. 156. (Galen, Comment, in Hippocr. "DeNat. Hom." ii. 6, vol. xv. p. 136.) [W. A. G.]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Heraclianus 2.

​HERACLIA′NUS ((Greek characters)), bishop of Chalcedon, an ecclesiastical writer of uncertain date. He wrote a work against the Manichaeans, in twenty books, (Greek characters). Photius, from whom alone we learn any thing of the work and its author, describes it as written in a concise and elevated, yet perspicuous, style. It was addressed to one Achillius ((Greek characters)), at whose request it was written ; and was designed to refute the so-called Gospel ((Greek characters)) of the Manichaeans, and the (Greek characters), and the (Greek characters), works of note among the members of that sect. (Phot. Bibl. Codd. 85, 231 ; Cave, Hist. Litt. vol. i. p. 551, ed. Oxon. 1740-43; Fabric. Bibl. Gr. vol. X. p. 705.) [J.C. M.]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Heracleonas

​HERACLEO′NAS (Ἡρακλειωνᾶς), the second son of the emperor Heraclius, reigned together with his brother, Constantine III., after the death of their father in March (February), A. D. 641, and he succeeded his brother in the month of June (May) following. Constantine III. had two sons, but their legitimate rights were disregarded by his ambitious stepmother Martina, who placed her younger son, Heracleonas, on the throne, and reigned in his name till the following month of September, when her misgovernment was put an end to by a revolt of the people, headed by Valentinus, the commander of the troops in Asia. Martina was punished with the loss of her tongue, and Heracleonas was deprived of his nose. They were both confined in a convent, and finished their days in obscurity. Heracleonas was succeeded by Constans II., the son of his brother, Constantine III. [Constantinus III.; Constans II.] [W. P.]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Heracleodorus

HERACLEODO´RUS (Ἡρακλεόδωρος), a disciple of Plato, who, after being for some time under the instruction of that philosopher, became negligent, and gave himself up to idleness; a change wich drew from Demosthenes, who is said to have been his fellow-disciple, a letter of remonstrance. This letter is noticed in a fragment of the commentary on the Gorgias of Plato by Olympiodorus, preserved in a MS. collection of Praennatamenta Miscellanea in Platonem, in the imperial library at Vienna. (Lambecius, Comment. de Biblioth Caesarea; lib. vii. No. 77, vol. vii. p. 271, ed. Kollar; Fabric. Bibl. Gr. vol. iii. p. 176.)[J.C. M.]