# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Volume III

See also the scan index; and the disclaimer.
| | Volume III Athens — Boissonade | Volume III Athens — Boissonade | |
| At – Az | B – Ba | Bd – Be | Bh - Bo |
| Athens, ancient city & modern capital, Greece. Athens, various towns in the United States. Atherton, town, England. Athias, Joseph, Jewish rabbi and printer. Athletæ, competitors in ancient games. Athletic Sports, contemporary. Athlone, town, Ireland. Athor, Egyptian divinity. Athos, peninsula and mountain, Turkey in Europe. Athy, town, Ireland. Atina, town, Italy. Atitlan, lake and volcano, Guatemala. Atlanta, town, Georgia, U.S.A. Atlantic Ocean. Atlantis, island, in Greek mythology. Atlas, in Greek mythology. Atlas, mountains, Africa. Atmosphere, The. Atmospheric Railway. Atom. Atooi, island, Sandwich Islands, Pacific. Atrato, river, Colombia, South America. Atrek, river, Persia. Atreus, in Greek legend. Atri, town, Naples. Atrium, in Roman and ecclesiastical architecture. Atrophy, disease. Atropos, in Greek mythology. Attachment, in law. Attainder, in English law. Attalia, ancient town, Asia Minor. Attar of Roses, perfume. Attention, in psychology. Atterbom, Per Daniel Amadeus, Swedish poet. Atterbury, Francis, bishop of Rochester. Attica, Greece. Atticus, Titus Pomponius, friend of Cicero. Atticus Herodes, Tiberius Claudius, wealthy citizen of Athens. Attila, king of the Huns. Attock, town and fort, India. Attorney, in law. Attorney-General. Attraction, in physics. Attwood, Thomas, English musical composer. Atwood, George, English mathematician. Atys, in Greek mythology. Aubagne, town, France. Aube, department, France. Aubenas, town, France. Auber, Daniel F. E., French musical composer. Aubin, town, France. Auburn, town, New York, U.S.A. Aubusson, town, France. Auch, town, France. Auchterarder, town, Scotland. Auchtermuchty, town, Scotland. Auckland, province, New Zealand. Auckland Islands, South Pacific. Auckland, Lord, English politician. Auckland, Earl of, governor-general of India. Auction, Sale by. Audæus, Syrian reformer. Aude, department, France. Audebert, Jean Baptiste, French naturalist and artist. Auditor, certifier of accounts. Audouin, Jean Victor, French naturalist. Audran, a family of French engravers. Audubon, John James, American naturalist. Augeias, in Greek legend. Augereau, Pierre François Charles, French general. Augsburg, town, Germany. Augsburg Confession (See Creeds). Augurs, Roman diviners. August, month. Augusta, town, Maine, U.S.A. Augusta, town, Georgia, U.S.A. Augustan History. Augusti, John Christian William, German theologian. Augustine, St, bishop of Hippo. Augustine, St, first archbishop of Canterbury. Augustinians, order of monks. Augustovo, town, Russian Poland. Augustus, Roman emperor. Augustus II., of Saxony and Poland. Augustus III. of Saxony. Auk, bird. Aulic Council, court of the empire. Aulis, ancient town, Greece. Aumale, town, France. Aungervyle, Richard, bishop of Durham. Auray, town, France. Aurelianus, Cælius, Roman physician. Aurelius Antoninus, Marcus, Roman emperor and philosopher. Aureola, in sacred paintings. Aurich, town, Prussia. Aurifaber, Joannes, friend of Luther. Aurifaber, Joannes, of Breslau, Lutheran divine. Aurillac, town, France. Aurora, Roman goddess. Aurora Polaris. Aurungabad, town, India. Aurungzebe, emperor of Delhi. Auschwitz, town, Austria. Auscultation, in medicine. Ausonius, Decimus Magnus, Roman poet. Auspicia, signs in divination (See Augurs). Aussig, town, Bohemia. Austen, Jane, English writer. Austerlitz, town, Austria. Austin, John, English jurist. Austin, Sarah Taylor, English writer. Australasia. Australia. Austria, European empire. Autochthones, in Greek mythology. Auto-da-fe. Autograph. Autolycus, Greek astronomer. Automaton, self-moving machine. Autun, town, France. Auvergne, district, France. Auxentius of Cappadocia, Arian theologian. Auxerre, town, France. Auxonne, town, France. Ava, town, Burmah. Avallon, town, France. Avatcha, volcano, Kamchatka. Avebury, village, England. Aveiro, town, Portugal. Avella, town, Italy. Avellino, town, Italy. Avempace, Arabian philosopher. Avenbrugger, Leopold, Austrian physician. Aventinus, German writer. Avenzoar, Arabian physician. Average, in maritime commerce. Avernus, lake, Italy. Averroes, Arabian philosopher and physician. Aversa, town, Italy. Avesnes, town, France. Aveyron, department, France. Avezzano, town, Italy. Avicebron, Jewish philosopher. Avicenna, Arabian philosopher and physician. Avienus, Rufus Festus, Latin poet. Avigliano, town, Italy. Avignon, town, France. Avila, province and town, Spain. Avila, Gil Gonzales d’, Spanish writer. Avila y Zuniga, Luis d’, Spanish historian. Aviles, San Nicolas de, town, Spain. Avoirdupois, system of weights. Avola, town, Sicily. Avon, rivers, England, Scotland, France. Avranches, town, France. Axholm, Isle of, England. Axiom, in philosophy. Axminster, town, England. Axum, ancient town, Abyssinia. Ayamonte, town, Spain. Aylesbury, town, England. Aylesford, village, England.ba Aylmer, John, bishop of London. Ayr, town, Scotland. Ayrer, Jacob, German dramatist. Ayton, Sir Robert, early Scottish poet. Aytoun, William Edmonstoune, Scottish man of letters. Azais, Pierre Hyacinthe, French writer. Azara, Felix de, Spanish naturalist. Azara, José Nicholas d’, Spanish diplomatist. Azeglio, Marquis d’, Italian writer and statesman. Azerbijan, province, Persia. Azimgarh, district and town, India. Azo, Italian writer on law. Azoff, town, Russia. Azoff, Sea of, Russia. Azores, islands, Atlantic Ocean. Azotus, town, Palestine. Azpeita, town, Spain. Aztecs, ancient people of Mexico. Azuni, Domenico Alberto, Italian jurist. | B, the second letter of the alphabet. Baader, Franz Xaver von, German philosopher. Baal, title of Semitic deities. Baalbec, ancient town, Syria. Babatag, town, Bulgaria. Babbage, Charles, English mathematician. Babel, of Scripture. Bab-el-Mandeb, strait, Red Sea. Baber (Zehir-ed-din Mohammed), founder of Mogul dynasty. Babeuf, François-Noel, French socialist. Babi, Mohammedan sect in Persia. Baboons, genus of ungulate mammals. Babrius, or Babrias, Greek fabulist. Babylon, city. Babylonia and Assyria. Baccarat, town, France. Bacchiglione, river, Italy. Bacchus, Roman god (the Greek Dionysus). Bacchylides, Greek poet. Baccio della Porta, Italian painter. Bach, Johann-Sebastian, German musician. Bach, Karl Philipp Emmanuel, German musical composer. Bache, Alexander Dallas, American physicist. Bachelor. Bachian (Batchian), island, Indian archipelago. Backgammon, game. Backhuysen, Ludolf, Dutch painter. Bacon, Francis (Lord Verulam), lord chancellor of England and philosopher. Bacon’s Works and Philosophy. Bacon, John, English sculptor. Bacon, Sir Nicholas, keeper of the great seal. Bacon, Roger, English philosopher and scientist. Baconthorpe, John, learned English monk. Bacsanyi, Janos, Hungarian poet. Bactria, or Bactriana, ancient country. Bacup, town, England. Badajos, province and town, Spain. Badakhshan, country, Central Asia. Badalocchio, Sisto (Rosa), Italian painter. Baden, grand-duchy, Germany. Baden, town, Germany. Baden, town, Switzerland. Baden, town, Austria. Badger, group of small carnivorous mammals. Badia y Leblich, Domingo, Spanish traveller. Badius, Jodocus or Josse, Belgian printer. Badminton, game. Badnur, town, India. Badrinath, town and temple, India. Baena, town, Spain. Baeza, town, Spain. Baffin, William, English navigator. Baffin’s Bay, North America. Bagatelle, game. Baggesen, Jens Emmanuel, Danish humorist. Baghdad, province, Asiatic Turkey. Baghdad, town, Asiatic Turkey. Baghermi, or Bagirmi, district, Central Africa. Baghmati, or Bagmati, river, India. Baglivi, Giorgio, Italian physician. Bagnacavallo, Bartolommeo, Italian painter. Bagnères-de-Bigorre, town, France. Bagnères-de-Luchon, town, France. Bagpipe, musical instrument. Bagration, Prince Peter, Russian general. Bahamas, islands, West Indies. Bahia, province, Brazil. Bahia, town, Brazil. Bahrdt, Karl Friedrich, German theologian. Bahrein, island, Persian Gulf. Baiæ, ancient town, Italy. Baiburt, town, Asiatic Turkey. Baif, Jean Antoine de, French poet. Baikal, Lake, Siberia. Baikie, William Balfour, African explorer. Bail, in law. Bailen, or Baylen, town, Spain. Bailey, or Baily, Nathaniel, English lexicographer. Bailey, Samuel, English philosopher. Baillet, Adrien, French writer. Bailleul, town, France. Baillie, Joanna, English writer. Bailey, Matthew, anatomist and physician. Baillie, Robert, Scottish Presbyterian divine. Bailly, Jean Sylvain, French astronomer and Revolutionist. Baily, Edward Hodges, English sculptor. Baily, Francis, English astronomer. Bainbridge, John, English physician and astronomer. Baines, Edward, English journalist. Baines, Matthew Talbot, English lawyer. Baini, Giuseppe, Italian musician. Bairam, Turkish festival. Baird, Sir David, British general. Baireuth, or Bayreuth, town, Bavaria. Baja, town, Hungary. Bajazet, or Bayezid, I., Turkish sultan. Bajazet II., Turkish sultan. Bajus, Michael (De Bay), Belgian theologian. Bajza, Joseph, Hungarian poet. Bakarganj, district, India. Baker, Henry, English physicist. Baker, Sir Richard, English chronicler. Baker, Thomas, English antiquary. Bakewell, town, England. Bakhchisarai, or Baghtchasarai, town, Russia. Bakhmut, town, Russia. Baking. Baku, government and town, Russia. Bala, town, Wales. Balaam, of Scripture. Balaghat, district, Central India. Balance, measuring apparatus. Balance of Power. Balasor, district & town, India. Balbi, Adrian, Italian geographer. Balbo, Cesare, Italian writer and statesman. Balboa, Vasco Nuñez de, Spanish navigator and explorer. Balbriggan, town, Ireland. Balde, Jakob, modern Latin poet. Baldi, Bernardino, Italian mathematician. Baldinger, Ernest Gottfried, German physician. Baldinucci, Filippo, Italian writer. Baldovinetti, Alessio, Italian painter. Balduinus, Jacobus, Italian jurist. Baldur, or Balder, Norse divinity. Baldus, Italian jurist. Baldwin, Thomas, archbishop of Canterbury. Bale, John, bishop of Ossory. Balearic Islands, Spain. Bales, Peter, shorthand writer. Balfe, Michael William, musical composer. Balfour, Sir James, Scottish antiquary. Balfour, Sir James, Scottish judge. Balfour, Robert, Scottish scholar. Balfroosh, town, Persia. Balguy, John. Bali, island, Indian archipelago. Baliol, or Balliol, Sir John de, English baron. Balkan Mountains, Turkey. Balkh, river and province, Afghanistan. Ball, John, English Puritan divine. Ballads. Ballanche, Pierre Simon, French moralist. Ballarat, town, Australia. Ballari (Bellary), district and town, India. Ballater, village, Scotland. Ballenstedt, town, Germany. Ballet, theatrical representation. Ballina, town, Ireland. Ballinasloe, town, Ireland. Balloon (See Aeronautics). Ballot, system of voting. Ballycastle, town, Ireland. Ballymena, town, Ireland. Ballyshannon, town, Ireland. Balmez, or Balmes, Jaime Lucien, Spanish writer. Balmoral Castle, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. Balnaves, Henry, Scottish Protestant. Balsam, oleo-resin. Balta, town, Russia. Baltard, Louis Pierre, French engraver. Baltic Sea. Baltimore, town, Maryland, U.S.A. Baluchistan, country, Asia. Balue, Jean, French cardinal. Baluze, Étienne, French scholar. Balzac, Honoré de, French novelist. Balzac, Jean Louis Guez de, French writer. Bamba, province of Congo, Africa. Bambarra, country, Soudan, Africa. Bambarra, town, Soudan, Africa. Bamberg, town, Bavaria. Bamboccio (See Laer, Peter van). Bamboo, plant. Bamborough, village, England. Bambouk, country, West Africa. Bamian, ancient town, Afghanistan. Bampton, John, English divine, founder of Bampton Lectures. Banana, plant and fruit. Banat, district, Hungary. Banbridge, town, Ireland. Banbury, town, England. Banca, island, Indian Archipelago. Bancroft, Richard, archbishop of Canterbury. Banda, district, India. Banda Islands, Indian Archipelago. Bandello, Matteo, Italian novelist. Bandinelli, Bartolommeo, Italian sculptor. Bandini, Angelo Maria, Italian writer. Bandon, town, Ireland. Banff, town, Scotland. Banffshire, county, Scotland. Bangalore, town, India. Bangkok, town, Siam. Bangor, town, Wales. Bangor, town, Ireland. Bangor, town, Maine, U.S.A. Banialuka, town, Turkey. Banim, John and Michael, Irish novelists. Banjarmassin, district and town, Borneo. Banking. Foundation and Early History of the Bank of England. Progress of Banking in England down to Restriction Order of 1797. Suspension of Cash Payments in 1797. History of Banking from the Resumption of Cash Payments to the Crisis of 1825. Legislation of 1826—Suppression of £1 Notes—Joint-Stock Banks of Issue authorized. Act of 1844—Objections to and Defence of that Act—Suspensions of in 1847, 1857, and 1866. Different Species of Banks—The Clearing-house—Authorization of Banks with Limited Liability. Present Management of the Bank of England. Scotch Banks. Banking in Ireland. Bank of Amsterdam. The Bank of France. Banking in the United States. Banking in Germany. Bankruptcy, in law. Bankruptcy in the United States. Banks, Sir Joseph, president of the Royal Society. Bankura, district and town, India. Bann, river, Ireland. Banneret, Knight, grade of knighthood. Bannockburn, town, Scotland. Banswara, tributary state, India. Bantam, residency, Java. Bantry, town, Ireland. Banu, district, India. Banyan, tree. Baphomet, alleged symbol of Knights Templars. Baptism, Christian sacrament. Baptistery, chapel for baptism. Baptists, religious denomination. Bar, town, Russian Poland. Bar-Hebræus (Abulfaragius, q.v.), Syriac and Arabic writer. Bar-le-Duc, town, France. Bar-sur-Aube, town, France. Bar-sur-Seine, town, France. Bara Banki, district, India. Barahat, town, India. Barante, Amable G. P., French statesman. Baranya, province, Hungary. Baranzano, Jean Antoine, Italian scientist. Barasat, town, India. Baratière, Jean Philip, precocious scholar. Baratynski, Jewgenij Abramovitch, Russian poet. Barbacena, town, Brazil. Barbados, island, West Indies. Barbarossa, Aruch and Khair ed-Din, Turkish corsairs. Barbary, country, North Africa. Barbastro, town, Spain. Barbauld, Anna Letitia, English writer. Barber. Barberini, Italian family. Barbeyrac, Jean, French jurist. Barbieri, Giovanni Francesco (Guercino), Italian painter. Barbieri, Paolo Antonio, Italian painter. Barbour, John, Scottish poet. Barbuda, island, West Indies. Barca, district, North Africa. Barca (El-Medinah), ancient town, Cyrenaica, North Africa. Barcelona, town, Spain. Barclay, Alexander, English poet. Barclay, John, author of Argenis. Barclay, John, Scottish anatomist. Barclay, John, founder of a Scottish sect. Barclay, Robert, Scottish Quaker and writer. Barclay, William, Scottish jurist. Barclay de Tolly, Michael, Russian general. Bar-Cochebas, Jewish leader. Bard, ancient Celtic poet. Bardesanes (Bar-Deisan), Gnostic and Syriac writer. Bardili, Christoph Gottfried, German metaphysician. Bardsey, island, Wales. Bardwan, district and town, India. Baréges, town, France. Bareli, or Bareilly, district and town, India. Barère de Vieuzac, Bertrand, French Revolutionist. Baretti, Giuseppi, Italian critic. Barfleur, town, France. Barham, Richard Harris, English humorist. Bari, Terra di, province and town, Italy. Barking, town, England. Barlaam and Josaphat, Sts, Story of. Barletta, town, Italy. Barley, cereal plant. Barlow, Joel, American poet. Barlow, Peter, English mathematician. Barmecides, Persian family. Barmen, town, Rhenish Prussia. Barnabas, St Paul’s companion. Barnabas, Epistle of, early Christian work (See Apostolic Fathers and Gospels). Barnard Castle, town, England. Barnaul, town, Siberia. Barnave, Antoine Pierre, French orator. Barnes, Albert, American expositor. Barnes, Joshua, English scholar. Barnet, town, England. Barneveldt, Jan van Olden, Dutch statesman. Barnsley, town, England. Barnstable, town, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Barnstaple, town, England. Barocchio, Giacomo da Vignola, Italian architect. Barocci, or Baroccio, Federigo, Italian painter. Baroda, town, India. Barometer. Barometrical Measurements of Heights. Baron, title of nobility. Baronet, title of nobility. Baronius, Cæsar, church historian Barquisimeto, town, Venezuela. Barr, town, Alsace, Germany. Barra, island, Hebrides, Scotland. Barrackpur, subdivision and town, India. Barracks, for soldiers. Barras, Comte de, French revolutionist. Barrhead, town, Scotland. Barri, Gerald de (Geraldus Cambrensis), ecclesiastic and historian. Barrington, First Viscount, theologian. Barristers, English legal pleaders. Barros, João de, Portuguese historian. Barrow-in-Furness, town, England. Barrow, Isaac, English mathematician and divine. Barrow, Sir John, English writer and administrator. Barrows, sepulchral mounds. Barrow’s Straits, Polar Sea. Barry, Sir Charles, English architect. Barry, James, Irish painter. Bars, county, Hungary. Bartan, town, Asiatic Turkey. Bartas, Guillaume de Salluste du, French poet. Bartfeld, or Bartfa, town, Hungary. Barth, Heinrich, African explorer. Barth, Jean, French admiral. Barthélemy, Auguste Marseille, French writer. Barthélemy, Jean Jacques, French writer. Barthez, or Barthès, Paul Joseph, French physician. Bartholinus, Gaspard, Swedish writer. Bartholinus, Thomas, Swedish physiologist. Bartholomew, St, apostle. Bartolini, Lorenzo, Italian sculptor. Bartolozzi, Francesco, Italian engraver. Bartolus, Italian jurist. Barton, Benjamin Smith, American naturalist. Barton, Elizabeth (Maid of Kent), religious enthusiast. Baruch, of Scripture. Barytes, or Baryta, oxide of barium. Base Ball, game. Basedow, Johann Bernard, German educationist. Basel (Bâle, or Basle), canton and town, Switzerland. Basel, The Council of (1431–43). Bashan, country of Scripture, in Syria. Bashkirs, people, Russia. Basil, the Great, early theologian. Basilica, Basilicas, in architecture. Basilica, Greek code of laws. Basilicata, province, Italy. Basilides, Gnostic teacher. Basilisk, fabulous animal. Basingstoke, town, England. Baskerville, John, English printer. Basket. Basnage, Jacques, Protestant pastor. Basque Provinces, Spain. Bass Rock, islet, Firth of Forth, Scotland. Bass’s Straits, Australia. Bassahir, state, India. Bassano, town, Italy. Bassano, Giacomo da Ponte, Italian painter. Basseterre, town, St Christopher, West Indies. Basse Terre, district and town, Guadeloupe, West Indies. Bassein, district & town, India. Basselin, Olivier, French poet. Bassi, Laura Maria Caterina, learned Italian lady. Bassianus, Joannes, Italian jurist. Bassoon, musical instrument. Basso-Rilievo (See Alto Rilievo and Relief). Bastar, feudatory state, India. Bastard. Basti, district and town, India. Bastia, town, Corsica. Bastiat, Frédéric. Bastille, fortress, Paris. Bastwick, John, English physician and anti-Catholic. Bat, chiropterous mammal. Batavia, town, Java. Bates, William, English Nonconformist divine. Bath, town, England. Bath, town, Maine, U.S.A. Bath, Order of the. Bathgate, town, Scotland. Baths. Bathurst, town, New South Wales. Bathurst, Earl of, English statesman. Bathurst, Ralph, English poet, physician, and divine. Bathycles, Greek sculptor. Baton-Rouge, town, Louisiana, U.S.A. Batoni, Pompeo Girolamo, Italian painter. Batrachia (See Amphibia). Batrachus, Greek architect. Battalion, body of infantry. Battas, or Battaks, race of people, Sumatra. Battering Ram, military engine. Battery, of artillery. Battery, in law. Batteux, Charles, French writer on art. Batticaloa, town, Ceylon. Battle, engagement between armies. Battle, town, England. Battus, king of Cyrene, Africa. Batu Islands, Sumatra. Batum, or Batoum, seaport, Transcaucasia, Russia. Baudelaire, Charles, French poet. Bauhin, Gaspard, French botanist. Bauhin, Jean, French botanist. Baumé, Antoine, French chemist. Baumgarten, Alexander Gottlieb, German philosopher. Baumgarten-Crusius, Ludwig F. O., German theologian. Baur, Ferdinand Christian, German theologian. Bautain, Louis E. M., French philosopher and theologian. Bautzen, town, Germany. Bavaria. Baxar, or Buxar, town, India. Baxter, Andrew, Scottish metaphysician. Baxter, Richard, English divine. Bayard, Pierre du Terrail, Chevalier de. Bayazid, town, Armenia. Bayeux, town, France. Bayle, Pierre, lexicographer. Bayonet, weapon (See Arms and Armour). Bayonne, town, France. Baza, town, Spain. Bazard, Armand, French socialist. Bazigars, tribe, India. Bazzi, Giannantonio (Il Sodoma, q.v.), Italian painter. | Bdellium, gum-resin. Beachy Head, promontory, England. Beaconsfield, town, England. Bead, ornament. Bean, leguminous plant. Bear, carnivorous mammal. Bear Lake, Great, Canada. Beard. Béarn, province, France. Beaton, David, Scottish cardinal. Beattie, James, Scottish poet and essayist. Beaucaire, town, France. Beauchamp, Alphonse de, French historian. Beaumanoir, Philippe de, French jurist. Beaumarchais, Pierre Augustin Caron, French dramatist. Beaumaris, town, Wales. Beaumont, Francis, English dramatist. Beaune, town, France. Beausobre, Isaac de, French Protestant writer. Beauvais, town, France. Beaver, rodent mammal. Beccafumi, Domenico, Italian painter. Beccaria, Marquis, Italian jurist and economist. Beccaria, Giovanni Battista, Italian astronomer. Beccles, town, England. Becerra, Gaspar, Spanish painter and sculptor. Bêche-de-Mer, or Trepang, edible echinoderm. Becher, Johann Joachim, German chemist. Bechwana, or Bechuanas, Negro tribes. Beck, David, Dutch painter. Becker, Wilhelm Adolf, German archæologist. Becket, Thomas (À Becket, Thomas, q.v.), archbishop of Canterbury. Beckford, William, English writer. Beckmann, Johann, German writer. Bedarrieux, town, France. Beddoes, Thomas, English physician. Beddoes, Thomas Lovell, English dramatist. Bede, early English historian. Bedell, William, bishop of Kilmore. Bedford, town, England. Bedford Level, district, England. Bedfordshire, county, England. Bednor, town, India. Bedouins, nomad Arabs (See Arabia). Bee, insect. Apiaries and Hives. Bee-Keeping. Beech, tree. Beechey, Frederick William, Arctic explorer. Beechey, Sir William, English painter. Beelzebub. Beer, beverage (See Brewing). Beersheba, town, Palestine. Beet, vegetable. Beethoven, Ludwig van, musician. Beetle, insect. Begas, Karl, German painter. Begbazaar, town, Asiatic Turkey. Beghards & Beguines, communistic mystics. Behar, province, India. Behbehan, town, Persia. Behem, or Behaim, Martin, cartographer and navigator. Behistun, Persia, rock inscriptions at. Behmen, Jakob (Boehme, q.v.), German mystic. Behn, Aphra, English dramatist. Behring’s Island, North Pacific. Behring’s Strait. Beira, province, Portugal. Beit-el-Fakih, town, Arabia. Beja, town, Portugal. Bejar, town, Spain. Beke, Charles T., English traveller. Bekes, town, Hungary. Bekker, Balthazar, Dutch theologian. Bekker, or Wolff, Elizabeth, Dutch novelist. Bekker, Immanuel, German philologist. Bel (Baal, q.v.), Assyrian deity. Bel, Matthias, Hungarian historian. Bel and the Dragon, History of, in Apocrypha (See Apocrypha). Bela, town, Baluchistan. Belbeis, town, Upper Egypt. Belem (See Lisbon). Belfast, town, Ireland. Belfort, town, France. Belgam, or Belgaum, district, India. Belgium. Belgrade, town, Servia. Belief. Belisarius, Byzantine general. Belize, town, British Honduras. Belknap, Jeremy, American writer. Bell, and bell manufacture. Bell, Andrew, English educationist. Bell, Sir Charles, English anatomist. Bell, George Joseph, Scottish jurist. Bell, Henry, Scottish mechanician. Bell, Henry Glassford, Scottish writer. Bell, John, Scottish traveller. Bell, John, Scottish anatomist and surgeon. Bell, Robert, editor of British poets. Bella, Stefano de la, Italian engraver. Belladonna, plant. Bellai, Guillaume du, French general and writer. Bellamy, Jacobus, Dutch poet. Bellarmine, Robert F. R., cardinal. Bellay, Joachim du, French poet. Belle-Isle-en-Mer, island, west of France. Belleau, Rémy, French pastoral poet. Bellenden, John, Scottish poet. Bellenden, William, French classical scholar. Bellerophon, in Greek legend. Belleville, town, Ontario, Canada. Belley, town, France. Bellini, family of Italian painters. Bellini, Lorenzo, Italian anatomist. Bellini, Vincenzo, Italian musical composer. Bellinzona, town, Switzerland. Bellman, Carl Mikael, Swedish poet. Bellona, in Roman mythology. Bellot, Joseph René, French Arctic explorer. Bellows. Belluno, town, Italy. Belon, Pierre, French naturalist. Belpasso, town, Sicily. Belper, town, England. Belsham, Thomas, English Unitarian writer. Belsham, William, English political writer. Belshazzar, of Scripture. Belt, Great and Little, straits, Denmark. Beltane, or Beltein, Celtic festival. Beluchistan (Baluchistan, q.v.). Belvedere, town, Italy. Belzoni, Giovanni Battista, explorer of Egypt. Bembo, Pietro, cardinal. Benares, division, district, and town, India. Benavente, town, Spain. Benbow, John, English admiral. Bench, legal term. Benchers, English lawyers. Bencoolen, town, Sumatra. Bender, town, Russia. Bender-Abbasi (Bandar Abbas), town, Persia. Benedict, St, founder of order of monks. Benedict, popes. Benefice, Ecclesiastical. Beneke, Friedrich Eduard, German philosopher. Benevento, town, Italy. Bengal, lieutenant-governorship, India. Bengazi, town, North Africa. Bengel, John Albert, German Biblical scholar. Benguela, country, West Africa. Benicarlo, town, Spain. Benin, country, West Africa. Benjamin, of Scripture. Benjamin of Tudela, Jewish rabbi. Bennet, Henry, earl of Arlington, English statesman. Bennet, James Gordon, American journalist. Bennet, Sir William Sterndale, English musical composer. Benserade, Isaac de, French poet. Benson, George, English divine. Bentham, Jeremy, English writer on politics and jurisprudence. Bentinck, Lord William George F. C., English statesman. Bentivoglio, Giovanni, Bolognese statesman. Bentivoglio, Guido, cardinal. Benteley, Richard, English scholar. Benzoic Acid, in chemistry. Benzoin, gum. Béranger, Pierre Jean de, French poet. Berar, province, India. Bérard, Frédéric, French physician. Berber, town, Egypt. Berbera, town, Eastern Africa. Berbice, county, British Guiana (See Guiana). Berchem, or Berghem, Nicolas, Dutch painter. Berchtesgaden, or Berchtolsgaden, town, Bavaria. Berdiansk, town, Russia. Berdicheff, town, Russian Poland. Berengarius, of Tours, theologian and scholastic philosopher. Berenice, wife of Ptolemy Euergetes of Egypt. Berenice, daughter of Agrippa I. of Judæa. Berezina, river, Russia. Berezoff, town, Siberia. Berg, duchy, Germany. Bergama (Pergamum, q.v.), town, Asia Minor. Bergamo, province & town, Italy. Bergamot, Oil of. Bergen, town, Norway. Bergen-op-Zoom, town, Holland. Bergerac, town, France. Bergmann, or Bergman, Torbern Olof, Swedish chemist and naturalist. Berkeley, town, England. Berkeley, George, bishop of Cloyne, philosopher. Berkhampstead, Great, town, England. Berkshire, county, England. Berlin, capital of Prussia. Berlioz, Hector, French musical composer. Bermudas, islands, Atlantic Ocean. Bern, canton and town, Switzerland. Bernadotte, Jean Baptiste Jules, French general and king of Sweden. Bernard, St, of Clairvaux, mediæval philosopher and theologian. Bernard, James, Dutch divine. Bernard, Simon, French general. Bernardin, St, of Siena. Bernay, town, France. Bernburg, town, Germany. Berne (Bern, q.v.), canton and town, Switzerland. Berners, Juliana, English writer on field-sports. Berni, Francesco, Italian poet. Bernini, Giovanni Lorenzo, Italian architect and sculptor. Bernoulli (or Bernouilli), family of mathematicians and scientists. Berosus, Chaldæan historian and chronologist. Berri, Duc de, son of Charles X. of France. Berryer, Pierre Antoine, French advocate and orator. Berthollet, Claude Louis, French chemist. Berthoud, Ferdinand, Swiss chronometer-maker. Bertinoro, town, Italy. Berwick, Duke of, marshal of France. Berwick-upon-Tweed, town, England. Berwickshire, county, Scotland. Beryl, mineral and precious stone. Berzelius, Jöns Jakob, Swedish chemist. Bes, Egyptian god. Besançon, town, France. Beskow, Baron von, Swedish dramatist. Bessarabia, government, Russia. Bessarion, Johannes, cardinal. Bessèges, town, France. Bessel, Friedrich Wilhelm, Prussian astronomer. Betel Nut. Bethany, town, Palestine. Bethel, town, Palestine. Bethesda, pool near Jerusalem. Bethlehem, town, Palestine. Béthune, town, France. Betlis, town, Armenia. Betterton, Thomas, English actor and dramatist. Bettinelli, Saverio, Italian writer. Betting, law relating to. Betul, district, India. Betwa, river, India. Beudant, François Sulpice, French mineralogist. Beulé, Charles Ernest, French archæologist. Beuthen, town, Germany. Beuthen, Nieder, town, Germany. Beverley, town, England. Beverley, town, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Beverley, John of, archbishop of York. Bewdley, town, England. Bewick, Thomas, English wood-engraver. Beyle, Marie Henri (De Stendhal), French writer. Beyrout, town, Syria. Beza, Theodore, French scholar. Béziers, town, France. Bézique, game. | Bhagalpur, district and town, India. Bhamo, town, Burmah. Bhandara, district and town, India. Bhang, Indian hemp, and narcotic drug from it. Bharaich, district, India. Bhartpur, or Bhurtpore, native state & town, India. Bhatgaon, town, Nepal, India. Bhatniar (Bhattis), people, India. Bhawalpur, state, India. Bhil, British political agency, India. Bhopal, state, India. Bhutan, or Bhotan, state, India. Biafra, country, West Africa. Bianchini, Francis, Italian astronomer. Biarritz, town, France. Bias of Priene, one of the seven sages of Greece. Biberach, town, Würtemberg. Bibirine, vegetable alkaloid. Bible, The. Old Testament. New Testament. Transmission and Diffusion of the Bible in the Christian Church before the Invention of Printing. The Printed Text. Bible Societies. Bibliography. The Constituent Parts of Books, and Difference of Editions. Early Printed Books. Rare and Curious Books. The Classics. Anonymous and Pseudonymous Works. Condemned and Prohibited Books. Catalogues and Bibliographical Dictionaries. On the Classification of Books. Bibliography in General. Bibulus, family of Roman generals and consuls. Bichat, Marie François Xavier, French anatomist. Bicycle. Bida, town Soudan, Africa. Biddle, John, English Unitarian. Bideford, town, England. Bidpai, Hindu fabulist. Biel (Bienne), town, Switzerland. Biel, Gabriel, German scholastic philosopher. Bielau, village, Prussia. Bielaya Tserkov, town, Russia. Bielefeld, town, Westphalia. Bieleff, or Byeleff, town, Russia. Bielgorod, town, Russia. Bielitz, town, Austria. Biella, town, Italy. Bielopoli, town, Russia. Bielostok, town, Russia. Bienhoa, town, Cochin China. Biezhetz, or Byezhetsk, town, Russia. Bigamy. Bignon, Jerome, French lawyer. Bigordi, Domenico (Ghirlandajo, q.v.), Italian painter. Bijainagar, ancient town, India. Bijapur, state and town, India. Bijnaur, district and town, India. Bikanir, state, India. Bilaspur, district, India. Bilbao, town, Spain. Bilderdijk, Willem, Dutch poet. Bile, in physiology (See Physiology). Bilfinger, George Bernhard, German philosopher and administrator. Bill. Billeting. Billiards, game. Billiton, island, Indian Archipelago. Bilsa, town, India. Bilston, or Bilsreton, town, England. Bingen, town, Germany. Bingham, Joseph, English scholar. Bingley, town, England. Binney, Thomas, English preacher. Bintang, island, Indian Archipelago. Biology. Morphology. Distribution. Physiology. Ætiology. Limits and Classifications of the Vegetable Kingdom. Thallophyta. Cormophyta. Bion, Greek poet. Biot, Jean Baptiste, French physicist. Bir, town, Asiatic Turkey. Birbhum, district and town, India. Birch, tree. Birch, Thomas, English writer. Bird, William, English musical composer. Birds. Anatomy of Birds. ... Birds of Paradise. Birkbeck, George, English philanthropist. Birkenhead, town, England. Birmingham, town, England. Biron, Armand, duke of, marshal of France. Biron, Charles, duke of, French admiral. Birs Nimrud, part of Babylon (See Babylon). Bisaccia, town, Italy. Biscay, province, Spain. Biscay, Bay of. Bisceglia, town, Italy. Bischweiler, town, Alsace, Germany. Biscuits, Manufacture of (See Baking). Bishop. Bishop, Sir Henry Rowley, English musical composer. Bishop-Auckland, town, England. Bishop-Stortford, town, England. Bishopwearmouth, suburb of Sunderland, England. Biskara, or Biskra, town, Algeria. Bismuth, chemical element. Bison, ungulate mammal. Bithynia, province, Asia Minor. Bitonto, town, Italy. Bitsch, town, Lorraine, Germany. Bittern, bird. Bitters, alcoholic beverage. Bitumen, mineral (See Asphalt). Bizerta, town, Tunis, North Africa. Black, Joseph, chemist. Black Forest, Germany. Black Sea. Blackbird, bird. Blackburn, town, England. Blackcock, bird. Blacklock, Thomas, Scottish poet and divine. Blackpool, town, England. Blackstone, Sir William, English jurist. Blainville, Henri Marie Ducrotay de, French naturalist. Blair, Port, town, Andaman Islands. Blair, Hugh, Scottish preacher and writer. Blair, Egbert. Blake, Robert, English admiral. Blake, William, English poet and painter. Blanc, Mont, Alps. Blane, Sir Gilbert, British physician. Blañes, town, Spain. Blarney, village, Ireland. Blasphemy. Blasting. Bleaching. Bleaching of Cotton. Bleaching of Thread. Bleaching of Linen. Bleaching of Paper-Making Materials. Bleaching of Straw. Whitening and Cleaning Prints, Maps, Books, and other Articles of Paper. Bleaching of Wool. Bleaching of Silk. Bleaching of Bees'-Wax, &c. Bleek, Friedrich, German Biblical scholar. Bleek, Wilhelm Heinrich Immanuel, African traveller and scholar. Blenheim, village, Bavaria. Blenheim House, Oxford, England. Blessington, Countess of, English writer. Blicher, Steen Steensen, Danish writer. Blidah, town, Algeria. Bligh, William, English admiral and explorer. Blind, The. Bloch, Mark Eliezer, German naturalist. Block Machinery. Blockade, in war. Blois, town, France. Blomfield, Charles James, bishop of London. Blondel, David, French Protestant clergyman. Blood (See Anatomy and Physiology). Blood, Thomas (Colonel), Parliamentarian officer. Bloomfield, Robert, English poet. Blount, Charles, English writer. Blow, John, English musical composer. Blowpipe. Blücher, Gebhard Leberecht von, Prussian field-marshal. Blumenbach, Johann Friedrich, German physiologist. Boa, family of serpents. Boadicea, British queen. Boar, Wild, family of mammals. Boatbuilding (Ship-building, q.v.). Bobruisk, town, Russia. Boccaccio, Giovanni, Italian writer. Boccalini, Trajano, Italian satirist. Bochart, Samuel, Oriental scholar. Bochnia, town, Austria. Bochum, town, Prussia. Bode, Johann Elert, German astronomer. Bodin, Jean, French economist. Bodley, Sir Thomas, founder of Bodleian library. Bodmin, town, England. Bodoni, Giambattista, Italian painter. Boece, Hector, Scottish historian. Boeckh, August, German scholar. Boehme, Jakob, German mystic. Bœotia, country, ancient Greece. Boerhaave, Hermann, Dutch physician. Boetius, Anicius Manlius Severinus, Roman statesman and philosopher. Boghaz-Keuy, town, Asia Minor. Bogodukhoff, town, Russia. Bogomili, heretical sect, Greek Church. Bogota, capital of Colombia. Bogra, district, India. Bohaddin, or Boha-Eddyn, Arabian writer and statesman. Bohemia. Bohemond, Marc, crusader. Boiardo, Matteo Maria, Italian poet. Boieldieu, François Adrien, French musical composer. Boii, ancient Celtic people. Boileau-Despreaux, Nicolas, French writer. Boiler, for steam-engine (See Steam Engine). Bois-le-Duc, town, Holland. Boissard, Jean Jacques, French scholar. Boissonade, Jean François, French scholar. |