# An Illustrated Flora of the Northern United States, Canada and the British Possessions/Marsileaceae

Family 6.   Marsileàceae   R. Br.   Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. 1: 166.   1810.
Marsilea Family.
Perennial herbaceous plants rooting in mud, with slender creeping root-stocks and 2- or 4-foliolate or filiform leaves. Asexual propagation consisting of sporocarps borne on peduncles which rise from the rootstock near the leaf-stalk or are consolidated with it, containing both megaspores and microspores. The megaspores germinate into prothallia which bear mostly archegonia, while the microspores grow into prothallia bearing the antheridia.
Three genera and some 60 species of wide distribution known as Pepperworts.

## 1.0

1.  Marsílea   L.   Sp. Pl. 1099.   1753.
Marsh or aquatic plants, the leaves commonly floating on the surface of shallow water, slender-petioled, 4-foliolate. Peduncles shorter than the petioles, arising from their bases or more or less adnate to them. Sporocarps ovoid or bean-shaped, composed of two vertical valves with several transverse compartments (sori) in each valve. [Name in honor of Giovanni Marsigli, an Italian botanist, who died about 1804.]
About 53 species, widely distributed. Besides the following 2 or 3 others occur in Texas.
M. quadrifolia. :
| • | Sporocarps densely covered with hair-like scales. | Sporocarps densely covered with hair-like scales. | Sporocarps densely covered with hair-like scales. | Sporocarps densely covered with hair-like scales. | Sporocarps densely covered with hair-like scales. | Sporocarps densely covered with hair-like scales. | Sporocarps densely covered with hair-like scales. | Sporocarps densely covered with hair-like scales. | Sporocarps densely covered with hair-like scales. | Sporocarps densely covered with hair-like scales. | 2. | M. vestita. |

### 1.1

* 1.  Marsilea quadrifolia  L. European Marsilea or Pepperwort.   Fig. 85.
* Marsilea quadrifolia L. Sp. Pl. 1099.   1753.
* Rootstock slender, buried in the muddy bottoms of shallow lakes or streams. Petioles usually slender, 2'-5' high, or when submerged sometimes elongated to 1° or 2°. Leaflets mostly triangular-obovate, variable in outline, 3"-8" long, 2"-6" wide, glabrous or rarely with scattered hairs when young, the margins entire; sporocarps 2 or rarely 3 on a branching peduncle which is attached to the petiole at its base, covered with short yellowish-brown hairs when young, becoming glabrous and dark purple when mature; sori 8 or 9 in each valve.
* Bantam Lake, Litchfield Co., Conn.; thence introduced into other parts of the country, from Massachusetts to Maryland. Native of Europe and Asia.

### 1.2

* 2.  Marsilea vestita  Hook. & Grev. Hairy Pepperwort.   Fig. 86.
* M. vestita Hook. & Grev. Ic. Fil. pl. 159.   1831.
* Marsilea mucronata A. Br. Amer. Journ. Sci. (II.) 3: 55. 1847.
* Rootstocks slender, creeping. Petioles slender, 2'-5' high; leaflets similar to those of the preceding species, entire or toothed; sporocarps 2"-4" long, 2"-3" wide, with a short raphe, a short and blunt lower tooth and an acute and sometimes curved upper one, densely covered with soft spreading narrow hair-like scales or (in the forms known as M. mucronata) these short and appressed or almost wanting; sori 6-11 in each valve.
* In wet sand or in shallow ditches, Florida to Kansas, Arizona and Mexico, California and British Columbia.