OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Calynda

From volume 3 of the work.
A titular see of Asia Minor. It was probably situated at the boundary of Lycia and Caria (on the river Indos?), for it is placed in the former territory by Ptolemy (xxxi, 16), in the latter by Stephanus Byzantius (s.v.). Stephanus gives also another form of the name, Karynda. Calynda must be carefully distinguished from Kalydna, Kalydnos, Karyanda, and Kadyanda. Its king, Damasithemos, was an ally of Queen Artemisia (Herod., VIII, lxxxvii; Pliny, V, xxvii, who writes its name Calydna). It is mentioned among the cities that struck coins in the Roman period. Its Christian history is very short, for it is not mentioned in the "Notitiæ episcopatuum". We know only that it was at a certain time a suffragan of Myra, the metropolis of Lycia. Bishop Leontius of Calynda is mentioned in 458 (Mansi, Concil., VII, 580) in the letter of the Lycian bishops to the Emperor Leo.
Smith, Dict. of Greek and Roman Geog. (London, 1878), I, 485.
S. Pétridès.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Callinicus

From volume 3 of the work.
A titular see in Asia Minor. The city was founded by Alexander the Great under the name of Nicephorium, and restored by Seleucus Callinicus, King of Syria (246-225 B.C.), who gave his name to it. In the fifth century of our era it was refortified by Emperor Leo I, after which it was commonly known to Byzantine geographers as Callinicus or Leontopolis, being mentioned by Hierocles and Georgius Cyprius among others. Two famous battles were fought on the broad surrounding plain, one in 531 between Belisarius and the Persians, the other in 583 between the Persians and Mauritius. Callinicus was a suffragan of Edessa, the metropolis of Osrhoene. Four bishops are mentioned by Lequien (II, 696); Paul, deposed in 519 as a Monophysite, translated into Syriac so many Greek works that he is called by the Jacobites "the interpreter of books". The patriarch Michael the Syrian mentions twenty Jacobite bishops of Callinicus from the eighth to the thirteenth century (Revue de l'Orient chrétien, VI, 1901, 193). Eubel (I, 333, note 2) mentions a Latin titular in 1369. Callinicus is to-day Raqqah (Rakka), nine miles west of the confluence of the rivers Belik (Bilichus) and Euphrates, the centre of a caza in the vilayet of Aleppo, the population consisting chiefly of wandering tribes. It contains about 2000 tents. On its rich plain are pastured many camels and Arab thoroughbred horses, but the vicinity is not very safe.
SMITH, Dict. of Greek and Roman Geography (London, 1878), s.v. Nicephorium, II, 424.
S. VAILHÉ
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Caloe

From volume 3 of the work.
A titular see of Asia Minor, mentioned as Kaloe, and Keloue in inscriptions of the third century, Kalose in Hierocles' "Synecdemos" (660); as Kalloe, Kaloe, and even Kolone in Parthey's "Notitiæ episcopatuum", where it figures from the sixth to the twelfth or thirteenth century. Caloe must be identified with the modern village of Kilis, Keles, Kelas, a nahié in the vilayet of Smyrna, to the southwest of Ala-Shehir (ancient Philadelphia), in the upper valley of the Kutchuk-Mendérès (Caÿstrus). There was in Lydia a Lake Koloe, near which the tombs of Lydian kings and the temple of Artemis Koloene stood. According to Lequien, the titular see took its name from this locality; but Loquien's view is inconsistent with the position assigned to Caloe by the "Notitiæ episcopatuum" as a suffragan see of Ephesus.
S. Pétridès.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Callipolis

From volume 3 of the work.
A titular see of Thrace, now called Gallipoli (Turkish, Guelibolou), is a city in the southern part of the Thracian Chersonese, on the right shore, and at the entrance of the Dardanelles. Justinian fortified it and established there important military warehouses for corn and wine. In 1304 it became the centre of that strange dominion created by the Almugavares, or Catalonian routiers, who burned it in 1307, before retiring to Cassandria. It was taken by the Turks as early as 1357, being their first possession in Europe. Callipolis was a bishopric depending on Heracleia. Lequien (I, 1123) mentions only six Greek bishops, the first as being present at Ephesus in 431, when the see was united to that of Coela (Coelia or Coele), the last about 1500. His list could easily be increased, for the Greek see still exists; it was raised in 1904 to the rank of a metropolis, without suffragans, after the manner of most Greek metropolitan sees. Lequien (III, 971) also gives the names of eight Latin bishops, from 1208 to 1518. (See Eubel, I, 269, note.) Gallipoli is today the chief town of a Kaïmakamlik in the vilayet of Adrianople, with about 30,000 inhabitants, Greeks, Turks, Armenians and Jews. There are numerous schools and a small museum; a large cemetery is the resting place of many French soldiers who died of disease (chiefly cholera) during the Crimean War. The port is bad and trade unimportant, for want of roads. A Catholic mission is conducted there by Assumpionist Fathers; there are also a number of Armenian and Greek Catholics, with priests of their respective rites.
DRAKOS, Thrakika (Athens, 1892, with a list of the Greek bishops), 93-116.
S. PÉTRIDES
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Calumny

From volume 3 of the work.
(Lat. calvor, to use artifice, to deceive)
Etymologically any form of ruse or fraud employed to deceive another, particularly in judicial proceedings. In its more commonly accepted signification it means the unjust damaging of the good name of another by imputing to him a crime or fault of which he is not guilty. The sin thus committed is in a general sense mortal, just as is detraction. It is hardly necessary, however, to observe that as in other breaches of the law the sin may be venial, either because of the trivial character of the subject-matter involved or because of insufficient deliberation in the making of the accusation. Objectively, a calumny is a mortal sin when it is calculated to do serious harm to the person so traduced. Just as in the instance of wrongful damage to person or estate, so the calumniator is bound to adequate reparation for the injury perpetrated by the blackening of another's good name. He is obliged (1) to retract his false statements, and that even though his own reputation may necessarily as a consequence suffer. (2) He must also make good whatever other losses have been sustained by the innocent party as a result of his libellous utterances, provided these same have been in some measure (in confuso) foreseen by him. In canon law the phrase juramentum calumniae is employed to indicate the oath taken by the parties to a litigation, by which they averred that the action was brought and the defence offered in good faith.
JOSEPH F. DELANY
# Carnley v. Cochran/Concurrence Harlan

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
* Concurring Opinions Harlan Black Douglas
United States Supreme Court
369 U.S. 506
Carnley v. Cochran
Argued: Feb. 20 and 21, 1962. --- Decided: April 30, 1962
Mr. Justice HARLAN concurs in the result.
Mr. Justice FRANKFURTER took no part in the decision of this case.
Mr. Justice WHITE took no part in the consideration or decision of this case.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Carnochan v. Christie

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
24 U.S. 446
Carnochan v. Christie
March 10th.
This cause was argued by Mr. Webster and Mr. Berrien for the appellants, and by Mr. Emmett and Mr. D. B. Ogden for the respondents. March 14th.
Mr. Chief Justice MARSHALL delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

* ↑ They cited, as to the necessity of a cross bill by the defendants, in order to establish the conveyances, 2 Madd. Ch. 329. 2. Ark. 133. 1 Ball and Beatty, 217. 2 Cox, 78. As to the manner in which a Court of equity acts upon an award, either by confirming it in toto or rejecting it, 1 Bro. Ch. 389. 3 Bro. Ch. 163. 1 Ves. Jun. 365. 2 Ves. Jun. 22. 4 Bro. Ch. 117. 536. As to the necessity of the award extending to all the matters of reference, 7 East's Rep. 81. As to the uncertainty and inconclusiveness of the award, 7 Term Rep. 69.
* ↑ To show that an award might be good in part, and void as to the residue, they cited 5 Wheat. Rep. 394. 3 Dessauss. 11. 14 Johns. Rep. 36. Kyd on Awards, 243, 261. and the cases there collected.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Carolene Products Company v. United States

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
323 U.S. 18
Carolene Products Company v. United States
Argued: Oct. 16, 17, 1944. --- Decided: Nov 6, 1944
Motion to Stay Mandate Granted, Dec. 18, 1944.
See 65 S.Ct. 310.
Mr. Samuel H. Kaufman, of New York City, for petitioners.
Mr. Chester T. Lane, of Washington, D.C., for respondent.
Mr. Justice REED delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Carolina

I
The despot treads thy sacred sands, Thy pines give shelter to his bands, Thy sons stand by with idle hands,
          Carolina!
He breathes at ease thy airs of balm, He scorns the lances of thy palm; Oh! who shall break thy craven calm,
          Carolina!
Thy ancient fame is growing dim, A spot is on thy garment's rim; Give to the winds thy battle hymn,
          Carolina!
II
Call on thy children of the hill, Wake swamp and river, coast and rill, Rouse all thy strength and all thy skill,
          Carolina!
Cite wealth and science, trade and art, Touch with thy fire the cautious mart, And pour thee through the people's heart,
          Carolina!
Till even the coward spurns his fears, And all thy fields and fens and meres Shall bristle like thy palm with spears,
          Carolina!
III
Hold up the glories of thy dead; Say how thy elder children bled, And point to Eutaw's battle-bed,
          Carolina!
Tell how the patriot's soul was tried, And what his dauntless breast defied; How Rutledge ruled and Laurens died,
          Carolina!
Cry! till thy summons, heard at last, Shall fall like Marion's bugle-blast Re-echoed from the haunted Past,
          Carolina!
IV
I hear a murmur as of waves That grope their way through sunless caves, Like bodies struggling in their graves,
          Carolina!
And now it deepens; slow and grand It swells, as, rolling to the land, An ocean broke upon thy strand,
          Carolina!
Shout! let it reach the startled Huns! And roar with all thy festal guns! It is the answer of thy sons,
          Carolina!
V
They will not wait to hear thee call; From Sachem's Head to Sumter's wall Resounds the voice of hut and hall,
          Carolina!
No! thou hast not a stain, they say, Or none save what the battle-day Shall wash in seas of blood away,
          Carolina!
Thy skirts indeed the foe may part, Thy robe be pierced with sword and dart, They shall not touch thy noble heart,
          Carolina!
VI
Ere thou shalt own the tyrant's thrall Ten times ten thousand men must fall; Thy corpse may hearken to his call,
          Carolina!
When, by thy bier, in mournful throngs The women chant thy mortal wrongs, 'T will be their own funereal songs,
          Carolina!
From thy dead breast by ruffians trod No helpless child shall look to God; All shall be safe beneath thy sod,
          Carolina!
VII
Girt with such wills to do and bear, Assured in right, and mailed in prayer, Thou wilt not bow thee to despair,
          Carolina!
Throw thy bold banner to the breeze! Front with thy ranks the threatening seas Like thine own proud armorial trees,
          Carolina!
Fling down thy gauntlet to the Huns, And roar the challenge from thy guns; Then leave the future to thy sons,
          Carolina!
# Caro v. Davidson

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
197 U.S. 197
Caro v. Davidson
Argued: January 23, 1905. --- Decided: March 13, 1905
Messrs. H. A. Herbert, Benjamin Micou, E. T. Davis, and Simeon S. Belden for plaintiffs in error.
Messrs. William A. Blount and A. C. Blount, Jr., for defendants in error.
Mr. Chief Justice Fuller delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Daughters of the Holy Cross

From volume 16 of the work.
(Also called the Sisters of St. Andrew).
The aim of this congregation is to instruct poor country girls, to provide refuges for the young exposed to temptation, to prepare the sick for death, and to care for churches. The sisters make yearly vows for five years, after which the vows are perpetual. The congregation, which is subject to diocesan control, was established at Guinnetiere, near Béthines, in the Diocese of Vienne, France, in 1806. In Dec., 1811, the mother-house was erected at Maillé, and six years later the constitutions were approved by Mgr. de Beauregard, Bishop of Montauban. Government recognition was granted in 1819 and renewed in 1826. In 1820 the foundress purchased the ancient abbey at La Puye, which then became the headquarters of the institute. In 1839 Pius VIII granted many indulgences and spiritual favours to the members. The establishment of a branch at Issy, near Paris, in 1817 under the protection of the royal family, helped to develop the congregation, which spread rapidly, and foundations were made at Parma in 1851 under ducal patronage, and at Rome in 1856. At the time of the dispersion of the French orders in 1905, the Sisters of St. Andrew had 400 houses in France, 9 in Italy, and 9 in Spain, with a membership of over 3000 nuns. The two founders of the congregation were: André-Hubert Fournet, Vicar-General of Poitiers, b. at Maillé on 6 Dec., 1752; educated at Chatelleraud and Poitiers; ordained 1778; who died at La Puye on 13 May, 1834; and Jeanne-Marie-Elizabeth-Lucie Bichier des Ages, born near Le Blanc, Indre, on 3 July, 1772; she had been a prisoner for the Faith during the Revolution, and died at La Puye on 26 Aug., 1838.
[Note: Andrew Fournet was canonized by Pope Pius XI in 1933, Elizabeth Bichier des Ages by Pope Pius XII in 1947.]
HEIMBUCHER, Die Orden und Kongregationen, III (Paderborn, 1908), 380; HELYOT, Dict. des ordres religieux, IV (Paris, 1859), 342-64.
A. A. MacErlean.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Daulia

From volume 4 of the work.
A titular see of Greece. Daulis, later Daulia, Dauleion, often Diauleia, even Davalia, was a town of Phocis, on the Cephissus, fifteen Roman miles north-east of Delphi. It is mentioned by Hierocles (Synecd., 643, 10), and at the end of the seventh century had become a suffragan of Athens. In 1393 Talantion was cut off from Daulia and made a distinct see: this was a town at the foot of Mount Knemis, the ancient name of which was Atalante. The bishops of Daulia long protested against this division; at last, about the end of the fifteenth century the two sees were reunited as "Daulia and Talantion"; they remained so, except for a brief period about 1567. In 1653 the double see was made an archbishopric, owing to the influence of a Turkish pasha, but after two years was reduced to its former status. Talantion was then commonly named in the first place, and finally was the only name in use. The bishop resided there, as Daulia was almost in ruins. The See of Daulia was suppressed in 1833, when the Church of the Kingdom of Greece was organized on an independent basis. We know about fifteen Greek bishops of Daulia, the first of whom, Germanos, died in 919; the last, Neophytos Metaxas, died as Metropolitan of Athens. As early as 1205 Daulia became a Latin see; many of the bishops are known from the thirteenth to the fifteenth century, among them one William, bearer, in 1384, of a letter from Urban VI to the Patriarch Nilus, concerning the reunion of the Churches. Since 1441, at least, the see has been titular.
BOUSQUET, L'évêché de Daulia-Talantion in Echos d'Orient (1907). X, 295-299.
S. Pétridès.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/David Moriarty

From volume 10 of the work.
Bishop and pulpit orator, b. in Ardfert, Co. Kerry, in 1812; d. 1 October, 1877. He received his early education in a classical school of his native diocese, and later was sent to Boulogne-sur-Mer, France. From there he passed to Maynooth, and after a distinguished course in theology was elected to the Dunboyne establishment, where he spent two years. While yet young priest he was chosen by the episcopal management of the Irish College in Paris, as vice-president of that institution; which position he occupied for about four years. So satisfactory was his work that, on the death of Father Hand, he was appointed President of All Hallows missionary college, Dublin, and for years guided, fashioned, and made effective the discipline and teaching of that well known institution. It was during this time he gave evidence of the noble oratory, so chaste, so elevated, so various, and so convincing, that has some to be associated with his name. In 1854 he was appointed coadjutor, with the right of succession, to the See of Kerry, under the title of Bishop of Antigonia: and two years later succeeded to that see. His work as bishop is testified to by several churches and schools, a diocesan college, and many conventual establishments. He found time to conduct retreats for priests and his addresses which have come down to us under the title "Allocutions to the Clergy" are characterized by profound thought, expressed in an elevated and oratorical style. In his political views he ran counter to much of the popular feeling of the time, and was a notable opponent of the Fenian organization, which he denounced strongly. Still, he was a great patriot of the type of O'Connell, for whom he had a great admiration. His principal works are: "Allocutions to the Clergy" and two volumes of sermons.
P. A. Beecher.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Daughters of the Divine Redeemer

From volume 5 of the work.
Motherhouse at Oedenburg, Hungary; founded in 1863 from the Daughters of the Divine Saviour of Vienna. This congregation has 37 filial houses and 300 sisters, who conduct schools of all kinds and care for the sick.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/David-Augustin de Brueys

From volume 3 of the work.
A French theologian and dramatic author, born at Aix in 1640; died 25 November, 1723, at Montpellier. His family was Protestant, and he was brought up a Calvinist. After devoting some time to the study of law, he applied himself to theology with so much success that he was made a member of the consistory of Montpellier. In 1691, he published an answer to Bossuet's "Exposition of Catholic Doctrine", entitled "Réponse au livre de M. de Condom intitute Exposition de la doctrine catholique" (Geneva, 1681). He was soon, however, converted by Bossuet himself, abjured Protestantism in l682, and, after his wife's death, became a priest. Before his conversion he wrote, besides the "Réponse", the "Suite du Preservatif (de Jurieu) contre le changement de religion" (1682).
His principal works, written after his conversion, are: "Examen des raisons qui ont donné lieu à la séparation des protestants" (Paris, 1683), in which he explains the reasons of his conversion; "Traité de la sainte messe" (Paris, 1683); "Défense du culte extérieur de l'Eglise catholique" (Paris, 1686); "Response aux plaintes des protestants contre les moyens que l'on emploie en France pour les réunir à l'Eglise" (Paris, 1686); "Traité de l'Eglise" (Paris, 1686); "Traité de l'Eucharistie" (Paris, 1686); "Histoire du fanaticisme de notre temps" (I, 1692; II, 1709; III and IV, 1713); "Traité de l'obéissance des chrétiens aux puissances temporelles" (Paris, 1710); "Traité du légitime usage de la raison principalement sur les objets de la foi" (Paris, 1717).
In collaboration with Palaprat, Brueys also wrote several comic plays and a few tragedies, most of which were produced with great success. They were published in two volumes in 1712, under the title of "Œvres dramatiques". A new edition to three volumes appeared in 1755, with the author's life by De Launay; again in 1755 (5 vols.), under the title of "Œuvres de Brueys et Palaprat"; and finally in 1812 (2 vols.) as "Œuvres choisies".
DE LAUNAY, Life of Brueys in the first volume of his dramatic works (ed. 1735); HAAG, La France protestant (Paris, 1846-59), III, 41-44; RÄSS, Die Convertiten seit der Reformation (Freiburg, 1866-80), VIII, 232-240.
C.A. DUBRAY
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/David Rothe

From volume 13 of the work.
Bishop of Ossory (Ireland), b. at Kilkenny in 1573, of a distinguished family; d. 20 April, 1650. Having studied at the Irish College, Douai, and at the University of Salamanca, where he graduated doctor in civil and canon law, he was ordained in 1600, and proceeded to Rome. From 1601 to 1609 he was professor of theology and secretary to Archbishop Lombard, and on 15 June, 1609, was appointed Vice-Primate of Armagh. He arrived in Ireland in 1610, having been made prothonotary Apostolic, and held a synod for the Ulster Province at Drogheda, in February, 1614, and a second synod in 1618. Though appointed Bishop of Ossory on 10 October, 1618, he had, owing to the severity of the penal laws, to seek consecration in Paris, where he was consecrated early in 1620; he returned to Ireland in the winter of 1621. As early as 1616, Dr. Rothe had published the first part of his famous "Analecta" and the completed work was issued at Cologne (1617-19); a new edition was brought out by Cardinal Moran in 1884. In 1620 he published "Brigida Thaumaturga", at Paris, followed by "Hiberniae sive Antiquioris Scotiae" in 1621 at Antwerp, and "Hibernia Resurgens" at Paris, in the same year. Other works of his except some few fragments have long since disappeared. In 1624 Bishop Rothe presided over a synod at Kilkenny, and he labored zealously for religion and country during a trying period. He joined the Confederates in 1642, and welcomed the papal nuncio, Rinuccini, to Kilkenny, on 14 November, 1645. Unfortunately, three years later, he refused to acknowledge the validity of the censures issued by Rinuccini, believing that the Supreme Council were acting in the best interests of the country. Although seriously ill in 1649, he continued to minister to the plague-stricken citizens of Kilkenny. He was compelled by the Cromwellians to leave his episcopal city 28 March, 1650, but, being robbed on the way, he was permitted to return. His remains were interred in St. Mary's Church, but there is a cenotaph to his memory in St. Canice's Cathedral.
LYNCH, De praesulibus Hiberniae (1672); WARE, De praesulibus Hiberniae (Dublin, 1665); MEEHAN, Franciscan Monasteries (Dublin, 1872); MORAN, Spicilegium 0ssoriense (Dublin, 1874-84); CARRIGAN, History of Ossory (Dublin 1905); Report on Franciscan MSS. in Hist. MSS. Com. (Dublin, 1906).
W. H. Grattan-Flood.
# Castle v. United States

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
368 U.S. 13
Castle v. United States
Glenn Dale Castle, pro se.
Solicitor General Cox, for the United States.
On petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit.
PER CURIAM.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Castle v. Bullard

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
64 U.S. 172
Castle v. Bullard

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Castles of the Taunus

Serial article published in Once a Week.
* Part 1
* Part 2
* Part 3