OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Linskill, Mary

​LINSKILL, MARY (1840–1891), novelist, born at Whitby, Yorkshire, 13 Dec. 1840, was eldest child of Thomas Linskill, a worker in jet, who died leaving his wife and family in very poor circumstances. Mary was in youth apprenticed to a milliner, and afterwards acted as an amanuensis; but she soon turned to literature and art in the hope of affording material assistance to her family. With her mother she removed from Whitby to a little cottage near the village of Newholme, and there the greater part of her literary work was produced. Her earliest work, ‘Tales of the North Riding,’ 1871, was published under the pseudonym ‘Stephen Yorke,’ and, like most of her novels, appeared originally as a serial in ‘Good Words.’ Two of her novels are understood to have been to some extent autobiographical, viz. ‘The Haven under the Hill’ (1886), in which there is a sympathetic description of a Leeds Musical Festival; and ‘In Exchange for a Soul’ (1887), which contains a record of impressions received during a tour in Switzerland and Italy in that year. Her delineation of Yorkshire scenery is the most attractive feature in her writings, but the gloom, due to persistent bad health, which overshadowed all her literary work hindered her success. Several short stories from her pen were written for the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. Miss Linskill also attained some degree of excellence in flower-painting. She died on 9 April 1891, at Stakesby Vale, Whitby, whither she had removed with her mother some years previously. The following is a list of her works: 1. ‘Tales of the North Riding,’ 2 vols. 1871. 2. ‘Cleveden,’ 2 vols. 1876, 1893. 3. ‘Between the Heather and the Northern Sea,’ 3 vols. 1884; new edit. 1890. 4. ‘The Haven under the Hill,’ 3 vols. 1886; new edit. 1892. 5. ‘In Exchange for a Soul,’ 3 vols. 1887; new edit. with memoir of author (reprinted from ‘Good Words’), by John Hutton, 1892; an American edition appeared in New York in 1889. Also the following short stories: ‘Earl Forrest's Faith,’ 1883; ‘The Magic Flute,’ 1884; ‘A Lost Son’ and ‘The Glover's Daughter’ (in one vol.), 1885; ‘A Garden of Seven Lilies,’ 1886; ‘Hagar: a North Yorkshire Pastoral,’ 1887; ‘Robert Holt's Illusion,’ and other stories, 1888.
[Good Words, June 1891; Yorkshire Post, 11 April 1891; Brit. Mus. Cat.]
G. Le G. N.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Linley, Thomas (1756-1778)

​LINLEY, THOMAS, the younger (1756–1778), violinist and composer, son of Thomas Linley the elder [q. v.], was born at Bath in May 1756. Under his father's instruction he showed at a very early age marked skill on the violin, and at the age of seven was taken as pupil for five years by Dr. Boyce. When eight years old he performed in public, and at the end of his period of tuition with Dr. Boyce he wrote six violin solos, which are dated 1768. In 1770 he went to Florence, where he received lessons on the violin from Nardini, and made the acquaintance of Mozart, who became warmly attached to him. On his return to England in 1773 Linley became leader of the orchestra and solo player at his father's concerts at Bath, and subsequently at the Drury Lane Oratorios. Parke (Musical Memoirs, i. 204) considered him ‘one of the finest violin-players in Europe.’
He was drowned, through the capsizing of a boat, on 5 Aug. 1778, while on a visit to the Duke of Ancaster at Grimsthorpe in Lincolnshire, and was buried in the duke's vault. A portrait of him together with his sister Mary (by Gainsborough) is at Knole, in the possession of Lord Sackville.
Linley's compositions include: An anthem with orchestral accompaniment, ‘Let God arise!’ written for the Worcester festival of 1773; the overture, a duet, trio, and three or four airs for the ‘Duenna,’ 1775; a chorus and two songs for the ‘Tempest,’ and an ‘Ode on the Witches and Fairies of Shakspere,’ 1776; a short oratorio, ‘The Song of Moses,’ composed for Drury Lane; additional accompaniments for wind instruments to the music in ‘Macbeth;’ and a glee for five voices, ‘Hark! the Bird's Melodious Strain,’ written at the request of his sister, Mrs. Sheridan, who usually sang the upper part. Most of his musical works were comprised in the posthumous collection of his father's works and his own, published in 1800. There was published anonymously in London, 1778, ‘A Monody (after the manner of Milton's ‘Lycidas’) on the Death of Mr. Linley, who was drowned August 5th, 1778.’
[Grove's Dict. of Music, ii. 144; Fétis's Biog. Univ. des Musiciens, v. 311, 312; Parke's Musical Memoirs, i. 204; Fitzgerald's Lives of the Sheridans, i. 76; Harmonicon for 1825, p. 221; British Museum Catalogues; cf. Egerton MSS. 2492–3.]
R. F. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lynn, Thomas

​LYNN, THOMAS (1774–1847), writer on astronomy, was born 2 Jan. 1774 at Woodbridge in Suffolk, where his father was a medical practitioner. At the age of eleven he entered the naval service of the East India Company, and on quitting it with the rank of commander many years later was appointed examiner in nautical astronomy to the company's officers. He kept a naval academy at 148 Leadenhall Street, London, and died at Dover on 2 May 1847, aged 73.
He wrote: 1. ‘An Improved System of Telegraphic Communication,’ London, 1814; 2nd edit. 1818. 2. ‘Solar Tables,’ 1821. 3. ‘Star Tables’ for 1822, &c. 4. ‘Astronomical and other Tables,’ 1824. 5. ‘A New Method of finding the Longitude,’ two editions, 1826. 6. ‘Horary Tables for finding the Time by Inspection,’ 1827; 2nd edit. 1828. 7. ‘Practical Methods for finding the Latitude,’ 1833. 8. ‘New Star Tables,’ 1843. A chapter by him on the navigation of the China seas formed part of the volumes on China published in the ‘Edinburgh Cabinet Library,’ 1836; 3rd edit. 1843. His works were much esteemed in their time.
[Information from Mr. W. T. Lynn and Miss Lynn; Gent. Mag. 1847, pt. i. p. 676; Notes and Queries, 7th ser. i. 268 (W. T. Lynn).]
A. M. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lynn, Samuel Ferris

​LYNN, SAMUEL FERRIS (1836–1876), sculptor, was born at Belfast in Ireland in 1836. He at first studied architecture under his brother, but having obtained some prizes for modelling, and wishing to become a sculptor, he came to London in 1854, and became a student in the Royal Academy. In 1857 he obtained a silver medal there for a study from the life, and in 1859 the gold medal for a group of ‘Lycaon and Achilles.’ In 1856 he exhibited at the Royal Academy ‘The Peri's Daughter;’ in 1857 ‘The Silent Thought;’ in 1858 ‘Evangeline’ (engraved in the ‘Art Journal,’ 1865, p. 372) and ‘Psyche;’ and continued subsequently to be a frequent contributor to that exhibition. In 1861 he was elected a member of the Institute of Sculptors, and subsequently was elected an associate of the Royal Hibernian Academy. Lynn executed some important public works in Dublin and Manchester. He exhibited at the Royal Academy for the last time in 1875, sending ‘Master McGrath’ (Lord Lurgan's greyhound). He died suddenly at Belfast on 20 April 1876.
[Redgrave's Dict. of Artists; Art Journal, 1865, p. 372.]
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lyndhurst

​LYNDHURST, Lord. [See Copley, John Singleton, 1772–1863, lord chancellor.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lynford, Thomas

​LYNFORD or LINFORD, THOMAS (1650–1724), divine, son of Samuel Lynford of Cambridge, where he was born in 1650, was educated at Newark and Bury St. Edmunds, and admitted as a sizar at Christ's College, Cambridge, 16 July 1666. He is described in the admission book as ‘optimæ spei juvenis.’ He graduated B.A. in 1670–1, and proceeded M.A. in 1674, and S.T.P. in 1689, being also incorporated M.A. of Oxford on 11 July 1676. He was elected fellow of Christ's in 1675, and was also tutor from 1676 to 1685. He gave money to case with stone the front of the college, which had become dilapidated. In 1689, when he married, he was described as ‘lately the ingenious prevaricator of Cambridge’ (Foster, Marriage Licenses). Lynford was instituted rector of St. Edmund, Lombard Street, on 18 Dec. 1685 (Newcourt), and became chaplain in ordinary to William and Mary. In 1700 he was appointed canon of Westminster, and was installed on 6 May, and on 9 Sept. 1709 was collated to the archdeaconry of Barnstaple, an office which he held till his death on 11 Aug. 1724. He married by license, dated 25 Nov. 1689, Elizabeth Dillingham of St. Giles-in-the-Fields, London.
Lynford contributed the ninth note to ‘Popish Notes of the Church examined and confuted’ (Bishop Gibson, Preservative against Popery, 1738, fol., iii. 360, x. 202, 372), and was the author of ‘Some Dialogues between Mr. Godden and others, with reflections upon a book called “Pax Vobis,”’ 1687, 8vo. He also published several sermons, one of which was preached before the king at St. James's, on 12 Dec. 1714.
[Memorials of Cambridge (Cooper's edit.), ii. 44; Le Neve's Fasti Eccles. Anglic.; Grad. Cantabrigienses; Brit. Mus. Cat.; Wood's Fasti, ii. 355; Foster's Alumni Oxon. 1500–1714; Foster's London Marriage Licenses; information from the master of Christ's College.]
G. Le G. N.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lynn, George

1904 Errata appended.
​LYNN, GEORGE, the elder (1676–1742), astronomer and antiquary, born at Southwick House, near Oundle, Northamptonshire, in 1676, was son of George Lynn (d. 1681, aged 34), lord of the manor of Southwick, by his wife, Mary, eldest daughter of Walter Johnston of Spalding. His youngest brother Walter is separately noticed. He made observations of the eclipses of Jupiter's satellites at Southwick, 1724–6 and 1730–5, with a thirteen-foot telescope, and laid his results before the Royal Society (Phil. Trans. xxxiv. 66, xxxix. 196), as well as an account of the aurora borealis of 8 Oct. 1726 (ib. xxxiv. 253). In 1727 he proposed to the society ‘A Method of Determining Longitude from Falling Stars’ (ib. xxxv. 351), which was revived later by Benzenberg. Meteorological registers kept by him during fourteen years were communicated to the same body in 1740 (ib. xl. 686). His observation of twenty-one sunspots on 21 July 1736 obtained no public record (Stukeley, Memoirs, i. 432). He became in 1719 a member of the Spalding Society, to which he presented an extensive table of logarithms compiled by himself, and he joined William Stukeley [q. v.] in founding the Brazen-Nose Society at Stamford in 1736. About the same time he discovered at Cotterstock, within a mile of his residence, the tesselated pavement of a Roman villa, and his drawing of it was engraved by Vertue for the Society of Antiquaries. By his wife Elizabeth, daughter of Mr. Humfrey Bellamy of London, he had two daughters and a son, George, who shared his antiquarian tastes, and has sometimes been confounded with him.
George Lynn the younger (1707–1758) was a barrister of the Inner Temple, and joined the Spalding Society in 1723 and the Society of Antiquaries in 1726. He married, in August 1734, a daughter of Sir Edward Bellamy, lord mayor of London in 1735 (Gent. Mag. 1735, 451), and through her became possessed of the manor of Frinton in Essex. He died on 16 May 1758, and was succeeded in the lordship of Southwick by a distant relative, who took the name of Lynn, and the estate, owned by the family since 1486, passed by marriage to Mr. George Capron in 1841. On his death, in 1758, a handsome monument by Roubiliac was erected to him in the parish church of Southwick.
[Memoirs of William Stukeley, M.D. (Surtees Soc.), 1882, i. 427, iii. 38, 49; Bridges's Hist. of Northamptonshire (Whalley), ii. 469, 472; Nichols's Lit. Anecd. vi. 72, 116; Reliquiæ Galleanæ, pp. 57, 64; Wolf's Geschichte der Astronomie, p. 699; Whellan's Hist. and Gazetteer of Northamptonshire, 1849, p. 743; Watt's Bibl. Brit.; The Genealogist, i. 353–4.]
A. M. C.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.187 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 343 | i | 10 f.e. | Lynn, George, the elder: for Roubillac read Roubiliac |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lynche, Richard

​LYNCHE, RICHARD (fl. 1596), poet. [See Linche.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lyne, Richard

​LYNE, RICHARD (fl. 1570–1600), painter and engraver, was one of the earliest native artists in England whose works have been preserved. He was one of the engravers employed by Matthew Parker [q. v.], archbishop of Canterbury, and worked for him, in company with Remigius Hogenberg [q. v.], at Cambridge and at Lambeth Palace. It is probable that the interesting portrait of Parker at Lambeth, of which a small engraving in copper was made by Hogenberg, was painted by Lyne. Lyne drew and engraved at Parker's expense a very interesting map of the university of Cambridge, for Dr. John Caius's ‘History of the University,’ published in 1574. He also engraved in the same year a large genealogical chart of the history of Great Britain (partly engraved by Hogenberg), which appeared in Alexander Neville's ‘De Furoribus Norfolciensium Ketto Duce’ in 1575. Lyne is mentioned by Francis Meres in his ‘Palladis Tamia’ (1598) as among the leading painters of the time.
[Gough's British Topogr. 2nd edit. i. 208; Willis and Clark's Architectural Hist. of the Univ. of Cambridge; Strype's Life of Archbishop Parker.]
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lyndsay, David

​LYNDSAY, Sir DAVID (1490–1555), Scottish poet. [See Lindsay.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Mackulloch, Magnus

Magnus Makculloch in the ODNB, which calls him a scribe.
​MACKULLOCH, MAGNUS (fl. 1480), reputed continuator of Fordun's 'Scotichronicon,' was a clerk in the diocese of Ross, and chaplain to William Schewes, archbishop of St. Andrews, for whom he made a copy of the 'Scotichronicon' in 1483-4; this is now Harleian MS. 712. Tanner, following Dempster, has incorrectly made Mackulloch the author of a considerable part of the 'Scoti-chronicon. It is, however, clear from the body of the work that the compiler was born in 1885, and probably the only claim which Mackulloch can make to authorship consists in the additions at the end of the Harleian MS., which bring the narrative down to 1460; they are printed in Goodall's edition, ii. 514. So far as the rest of the work goes, he was merely a transcriber; another manuscript of the 'Scotichronicon,' at Brechin Castle, was also written by him. According to some manuscript notes of Buchanan's, Mackulloch was a monk at Scones.
[Dempster's Hist. Eccl. xii. 911; Tanner's Bibl. Brit.-Hib. p. 498; Hearne*s edition of the Scotichronicon, v. 1378, 1380; Skene's edition, vol. i. pp. xvii-xviii, xl.]
C. L. K.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Maclachlan, Ewen

​MACLACHLAN, EWEN (1775–1822), Gaelic poet and scholar, born in 1775 at Torracaltin, Fort William, was educated at the parish school of Kilmallie, and subsequently employed by neighbouring families as private tutor. In youth he was very poor and had to struggle hard for the means of education. In 1796 he was brought under the notice of the chief of Glengarry, who paid the necessary expenses to enable him to attend university classes at Aberdeen. He had a distinguished university record, and when he graduated in 1800 he was awarded a royal bursary, the gift of the lords of the treasury, and entered the Divinity Hall. On the recommendation of his friend Dr. Beattie he became librarian at King's College and one of the masters at the Old Aberdeen grammar school. The death of Dr. Beattie hindered his promotion, but in 1819 he became headmaster of the grammar school, which position he held until his death. In Aberdeen he also held the appointments of session clerk and treasurer to the parish of Old Machar, and was secretary to the Highland Society of the city. He had always been a hardworking student, and his health broke while he was yet young. He died from overwork in Aberdeen on 29 March 1822. He is buried in his native glen, where a monument has been erected to his memory.
Maclachlan's poems are few, but of high merit. In 1798 he helped Allan MacDougall [q. v.] to publish a small volume of poems, and as MacDougall's own work was not then sufficient to make a book, Maclachlan added some of his. While a student at Aberdeen he wrote some excellent Greek and Latin verses, winning the prize for a Greek ode. A poem on the Duke of Wellington, which he submitted for a competition in Latin verse, though unsuccessful, was afterwards published (1808), and according to a manuscript note attached to the copy in the British Museum, written by Dr. Irving, author of 'The Poetry of Scotland,' who had met Maclachlan, both Principal Brown and Professor Beattie voted the verses the best in the competition. In 1807 a small volume of verse, 'Attempts in Verse,' was published in Aberdeen, containing work in English, Greek, and Latin, and in 1816 another volume, 'Metrical Effusions,' appeared. At odd times Maclachlan had been translating the 'Iliad' into Gaelic, and on his death had completed seven books. Part of this, with other verses by him, appeared in Patrick Macfarlane's 'Choice Collection of Gaelic Poems.' He was appointed by the Highland Society of Scotland to assist the Rev. John Macleod, D.D. 1757-1841 [q. v.], with the 'Gaelic Dictionary,' published in 1828. Maclachlan was engaged on the Gaelic-English part of the dictionary, but he died before his manuscript was far advanced.
J. B. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Maclaine, Archibald

​MACLAINE, ARCHIBALD (1722–1804), divine, son of Lauchlin Maclaine and brother of James Maclaine [q. v.], the 'gentleman highwayman,' born at Monaghan in 1722, was educated at Glasgow, where he studied under Francis Hutcheson [q. v.] for the presbyterian ministry. In 1746 he became assistant to his maternal uncle, Robert Milling, a pastor of the English church at the Hague, and in 1747 was admitted co-pastor. He was greatly respected in Holland for his learning, and for a time was preceptor to the Prince of Orange. Ill-health and the disturbances consequent on the French invasion led him to resign his charge in 1796. He settled at Bath, where he died on 25 Nov. 1804, and was buried in the abbey church there. On the monument erected to his memory by his friend Henry Hope he is described as D.D. His portrait was engraved by C. H. Hodges.
Maclaine published in 1765, in 2 vols. 4to, a translation, with notes, of Mosheim's 'Ecclesiastical History,' reprinted in 1768 in 5 vols. 8vo, and in 1782, 1806, 1810, and 1825, in 6 vols. 8vo. He also translated from the French J. J. Vernet's 'Dialogues on some Important Subjects,' 1753, and addressed to Soame Jenyns [q. v.] a 'Series of Letters on occasion of his " View of the Internal Evidence of Christianity,"' 1777; 2nd edit. 1778.
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Maclachlan, Lauchlan

​MACLACHLAN, LAUCHLAN (d. 1746), fifteenth chief of the ancient Argyllshire clan, Lachlan (Lachuinn), of which the original stock is said to be the O'Loughlins of Meath, was served heir to his father on 23 Sept. 1719. In 1745, undeterred by the close proximity of Inverary (the seat of the Campbells), Maclachlan set out from his hereditary tower by the shores of Loch Fyne, at the head of 260 fighting men, and joined Prince Charles. He took part in the defeat ​of Sir John Cope at Prestonpans, and after the capture of Carlisle was sent by the prince back to Perth to expedite the movements of William Drummond, fourth viscount Strathallan [q. v.] He with his clan took part in the victory over Hawley at Falkirk, and was honourably distinguished at Culloden (16 April 1746). He was stationed in the front on the right wing in the company of the Macintoshes, the Frasers, Stewarts, Camerons, and Macleans, the last-mentioned clan being under his command as well as his own. After loudly protesting against Lord George Murray's fatal error in keeping the highland army motionless to receive the English fire, he, when the order was at last given, charged with so much impetuosity that he swept the English line of soldiers in front of him completely away, and his dead body was found considerably in the rear of the English line covered with wounds. One of his sons, an aide-de-camp of the prince, was killed when riding with the order to charge to Lord George Murray.
T. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Maclaren, Charles

​MACLAREN, CHARLES (1782–1866), editor of the 'Scotsman,' son of a small farmer and cattle-dealer, was born at Ormiston, Haddingtonshire, 7 Oct. 1782, and received some education at Fala and Colinton, but was mainly self-taught. Removing to Edinburgh, where he served as clerk and bookkeeper to several firms, he joined the Philomathic Debating Society, where he made the acquaintance of John Ritchie, William Ritchie, and other persons of advanced whig views. In conjunction with William Ritchie and John M'Diarmid (1790–1852) [q. v.], and in the face of much opposition, he established the 'Scotsman,' 26 Jan. 1817, and was joint editor of the first few numbers, but on his obtaining, in the same year, a position as a clerk in the custom house, he yielded the editorial chair to John Ramsay M'Culloch [q. v.] In 1820 Maclaren resumed the editorship and held it till 1846, when he resigned it to Alexander Russel. The paper rapidly became the leading political journal of Scotland; its tone was throughout decidedly whiggish, and in church matters it advocated much freedom of opinion. In 1820 Archibald Constable employed Maclaren to edit the sixth edition of the 'Encyclopædia Britannica,' 1823, and to revise the historical and geographical articles. The editor contributed the articles 'America,' 'Europe,' 'Greece,' 'Physical Geography,' and 'Troy,' Maclaren interested himself in science and especially in geology. He was elected F.R.S. Edinburgh in 1837, F.G.S. London in 1846, and was president of the Geological Society of Edinburgh from 1864 to his death. He published 'A Sketch of the Geology of Fife and the Lothians,' 1839; 2nd edit. 1866; and 'A Dissertation on the Topography of the Plain of Troy' in 1822, which, after visiting the district, he reissued in 1863 as 'The Plains of Troy described.' He died at Moreland Cottaffe? Edinburgh, 10 Sept. 1866, and was buried in the Grange cemetery. He married, 27 Jan. 1842, Jean Veitch, daughter of Richard Somner of Somnerfield, East Lothian, and widow of David Hume [q. v.], the nephew of the philosopher. A bust was executed by William Brodie.
A copy by John Hutchinson is in the National Portrait Gallery, Edinburgh.
[Cox and Nicol's Select Writings of C. Maclaren, 2 vols. 1869, with portrait; Proceedings of Royal Soc. of Edinburgh, 1869, vi. 27; Gent. Mag. 1866, ii. 562; Irving's Book of Scotsmen, 1881, p. 310.]
G. C. B.