# The American Journal of Science/Series 1, Volume 4/Plants of the North-West

* BOTANY.
Art. VI. — Notice of the Plants collected by Professor D. B. Douglass, of West Point, in the expedition under Governour Cass, during the summer of 1820, around the great Lakes and the upper waters of the Mississippi: the arrangement and description, with illustrative remarks, being furnished by Dr. John Torrey.

## 56

* Letter from Dr. Torrey to Professor Douglass.
* New-York, August 4, 1821.
* Dear Sir,
Inclosed I have the pleasure of sending you a catalogue of the plants from the North-West, which you forwarded me some time since for examination.   Many of the species are very rare, others are from entirely new localities, and the whole are valuable in increasing our knowledge of botanical geography.  To those species which are but little known or imperfectly described, I have added such remarks as I supposed would be useful.
The Indian and popular names and localities are taken from your notes annexed to the specimens.
* With great respect,
* I remain your humble Servt.
* JOHN TORREY.
Professor Douglass, West-Point Military Academy. :

## 57

* Explanatory Letter from Prof. Douglass to the Editor dated New-York.Aug, 22 1821.
* Dear Sir,
I must beg leave to observe, in the first place that the collection of plants made by a person, who, besides not being a professed botanist, was almost constantly engaged with other objects of research.   The formation of an Herbarium, requiring much leisure and frequent attention, could scarcely be expected, under such circumstances, and would not have been undertaken, except in the exigency of having no professed botanist attached to the Expedition.  Secondly, the region of country traversed by the Expedition, particularly that bordering upon Lake Superior and the upper Mississippi, as well as a considerable portion of that on the Ouisconsin and Fox Rivers and around Lake Michigan, is but indifferently rich in plants at best, and this collection is besides chiefly confined to such as flower in the course of the summer months.  The deficiency I have endeavoured to supply as far as possible by notes, particularly on the forest growth, which I have interspersed in my journal; these however being at West Point, it is at present out of my power to communicate them.
Finally, a part of the collection was injured by an accident on the Ouisconsin, in which my canoe was very nearly filled with water before it could be got ashore.   The consequence of which was that nearly all the plants in one case were completely spoiled before I was able to dry them.  Such as the collection is, however, the catalogue is entirely at your service, and I am glad that so much interest has been given to it by Dr. Torrey.  The uvularia perfoliata of this catalogue is the plant which I mentioned to you some time since, as efficacious in the cure of the Rattle-snake bite — Of this I have been witness, but the efficacy of the Pedicularis Canadensis for the same purpose, I can only state from report.
* I remain, dear sir, your friend
* and humble Servant,
* D. B. DOUGLASS.

## 56

* CATALOGUE, DESCRIPTION, &c.
* DIANDRIA.
| Monarda allophylla  Mx. | ${\Bigl .}{\begin{matrix}\\\end{matrix}}{\Bigr \}$ | (Wild Balm.)Savannah Portage. July 10. |
| M. Mollis L.–Willd.–Ph. | ${\Bigl .}{\begin{matrix}\\\end{matrix}}{\Bigr \}$ | (Wild Balm.)Savannah Portage. July 10. |

### 57

* TRIANDRIA.
* Monogynia.
| Fedia radiata  Mx. | $\left.{\begin{matrix}\\\\\end{matrix}}\right\$ | Gross Isle, May 22d. |
| Valeriana radiata  Willd. | $\left.{\begin{matrix}\\\\\end{matrix}}\right\$ | Gross Isle, May 22d. |
| V. locusta [ radiata  {{sc| L.}  Sp. pl. | $\left.{\begin{matrix}\\\\\end{matrix}}\right\$ | Gross Isle, May 22d. |
* Iris lacustris   Nutt.
* Gen. 1. p. 23.   On the gravelly shores of the Islands of Lake Huron.
Scape five to six inches high, about the length of the leaves.  Radical leaves eusiform, one fourth of an inch broad.  Mr. Nuttall discovered this Iris in the same place where it was found by Capt. Douglass.
* Sisyrinchium mucronatum Mx. Pluk. Phytorg. t. 61. f. 1. Gross Isle, May 21.

### 58

* Digynia.
* Panicum longisetum. *   On the banks of Fox River, &c. August.
Stem terete, smooth, a foot and a half high; leaves lanceolate, very large, (about an inch broad) subglaucous; spike compound, resembling a panicle, dense, clandestine at base, somewhat nodding; spikelets alternate and opposite: calyx three-flowered, exterior valve very small, the others unequal, ovate acuminate, hispid, each terminated by a long awn. Awns from one and a half to three inches in length.
| Bromus ciliatus L. | ${\Bigl .}{\begin{matrix}\\\end{matrix}}{\Bigr \}$ | On Fox River. August. |
| B. canadensis Mx. | ${\Bigl .}{\begin{matrix}\\\end{matrix}}{\Bigr \}$ | On Fox River. August. |
* Arundo phragmites L.   (Reed.)Near the head of the Mississippi.
* Elymus hystrix L.?   With the preceding.
Involucrum one to two-leaved, lateral, linear, nearly the length of the corolla.
| Atheropogon Apludoides Muhl. in Wild. Sp. pl. 4. p. 937. Muhl Gram. p. 237. Nutt. Gen. 1. p. 78 | ${\Bigl .}{\begin{matrix}\\\end{matrix}}{\Bigr \}$ |
| Chloris curtipendula Mx | ${\Bigl .}{\begin{matrix}\\\end{matrix}}{\Bigr \}$ |
This grass has certainly a two-valved calyx as described by Nuttall and Muhlenberg. The inner valve however, is almost setiform. Neutral flower partly lodged in a grove of the inner valve of the hermaphrodite flower, two-valved, exterior valve with a very short awn below the apex, the other deeply cleft and two-awned. Hermaphrodite flower with lanceolate glumes, exterior one trifid, or with three short awns, interior one bifid. Anthers blood red. Nuttall remarks that the neuter flower consists of one folded valve; this however, did not seem to be the case in the specimens I examined. Hab. On the Ouisconsin the Mississippi generally. August.
* Atheropogon oligostachyum Nutt. Gen. 1. p. 78.
Mr. Nuttall has described this plant very accurately and minutely in the work quoted. He discovered it on the plains of the Missouri. Capt. Douglass found it in abundance on the Mississippi above Sandy Lake.
* TETRANDRIA.
* Cornus canadensis L.   On the River St. Mary's.

### 59

* PENTANDRIA.
* Monogynia.
| Batschia canescens Mx. | $\left.{\begin{matrix}\\\\\end{matrix}}\right\$ | (True Puccoon.)Near Detroit. |
| Anchusa canescens Muhl, Cat. | $\left.{\begin{matrix}\\\\\end{matrix}}\right\$ | (True Puccoon.)Near Detroit. |
| A. lutea minor &c. {{sc| Gron.}  virg 19. | $\left.{\begin{matrix}\\\\\end{matrix}}\right\$ | (True Puccoon.)Near Detroit. |
* Menyanthes trifoliata L.   Portage of Pt. Keeweenah, Lake Superior, June 26th.
* Pulmonaria virginica L.   Black Rock, May 2d.
* Primula farinosa L. Muhl. Cat. Shores of Lake Huron.
Leaves abovate-spatolate, crenately toothed, under surface covered with a yellowish green powder.  Corolla lilac coloured, segments two parted.  On a careful comparison of the American plant with specimens of P. farinosa, from Germany and Norway, I can find no difference except that the leaves are more toothed than crenate in the former.  Mr. Nuttall found it in the same place, but not in flower, and Muhlenburg states in his catalogue of North American plants that it grows in Canada.  It is a rare plant in this country and is not described in Pursh's Flora.
* Lysimachia ciliata Mx.   Sandy Lake and Upper Mississippi generally.
* Phlox divaricata L.   Black Rock, May 2d.
* Campanula rotundifolia L.   St. Louis and Upper Mississippi. July.
| Caprifolium parviflorum Ph. | $\left.{\begin{matrix}\\\\\\\\\end{matrix}}\right\$ | On a primitive peninsula near Deadman's river, Lake Superior. June. |
| C. bracteosum Mx. | $\left.{\begin{matrix}\\\\\\\\\end{matrix}}\right\$ | On a primitive peninsula near Deadman's river, Lake Superior. June. |
| Lonicera parviflora Lam. Pers. | $\left.{\begin{matrix}\\\\\\\\\end{matrix}}\right\$ | On a primitive peninsula near Deadman's river, Lake Superior. June. |
| L. diorca L. Act.-Willd. | $\left.{\begin{matrix}\\\\\\\\\end{matrix}}\right\$ | On a primitive peninsula near Deadman's river, Lake Superior. June. |
| L. media Murr. | $\left.{\begin{matrix}\\\\\\\\\end{matrix}}\right\$ | On a primitive peninsula near Deadman's river, Lake Superior. June. |
| Diervilla Tournefortii Mx. | $\left.{\begin{matrix}\\\\\\\\\end{matrix}}\right\$ | Savannah Portage. July. |
| D. humilis Pers. | $\left.{\begin{matrix}\\\\\\\\\end{matrix}}\right\$ | Savannah Portage. July. |
| D. canadensis Muhl. | $\left.{\begin{matrix}\\\\\\\\\end{matrix}}\right\$ | Savannah Portage. July. |
| D. lutea Ph. | $\left.{\begin{matrix}\\\\\\\\\end{matrix}}\right\$ | Savannah Portage. July. |
| Lonicera Diervilla L. | $\left.{\begin{matrix}\\\\\\\\\end{matrix}}\right\$ | Savannah Portage. July. |
| Ribes lacustre Ph. | ${\Bigl .}{\begin{matrix}\\\end{matrix}}{\Bigr \}$ | Shores of Lake Huron. |
| R. axyacanthoides β. lacustre Pers. | ${\Bigl .}{\begin{matrix}\\\end{matrix}}{\Bigr \}$ | Shores of Lake Huron. |
| Ribes Floridum Willd. | $\left.{\begin{matrix}\\\\\end{matrix}}\right\$ | With the preceding. |
| R. rocurvatum Mx. | $\left.{\begin{matrix}\\\\\end{matrix}}\right\$ | With the preceding. |
| R. pennsylvanicum {{sc|Lam.} | $\left.{\begin{matrix}\\\\\end{matrix}}\right\$ | With the preceding. |

### 60

| Viola pubescens Ait. | ${\Bigl .}{\begin{matrix}\\\end{matrix}}{\Bigr \}$ |
| V. pennsylvanica Mx | ${\Bigl .}{\begin{matrix}\\\end{matrix}}{\Bigr \}$ |
* Claytonia Virginica L.   Black Rock, May 2d.
| Comandra umbellata Nutt. | $\left.{\begin{matrix}\\\\\end{matrix}}\right\$ | Point Keeweenah, Lake Superior. Used by the Indians and traders in fevers. |
| Thesium umbellatum L. | $\left.{\begin{matrix}\\\\\end{matrix}}\right\$ | Point Keeweenah, Lake Superior. Used by the Indians and traders in fevers. |
| Thesium corymbulosum {{sc|Mx} | $\left.{\begin{matrix}\\\\\end{matrix}}\right\$ | Point Keeweenah, Lake Superior. Used by the Indians and traders in fevers. |
* Digynia.
* Apocynum androsaemifolium
* L.   On the river St. Louis. July
| Thaspium aureum Nutt. | ${\Bigl .}{\begin{matrix}\\\end{matrix}}{\Bigr \}$ | Near Detroit. |
| Smyrnium aureum L. | ${\Bigl .}{\begin{matrix}\\\end{matrix}}{\Bigr \}$ | Near Detroit. |
* Trigynia.
* Viburnum Lentago L.   Near Detroit, May 20th.
* Tetragynia.
* Parnassia caroliniana Mx.   East shore of Lake Michigan, Sept 6th.
* Pontagynia.
* Aralia nudicaulis L. (Sarsaparilla.) Near Detroit.
* HEXANDRIA.
* Monogynia.
* Tradescantia virginica L. A variety with very narrow leaves.
West shore of Lake Michigan, August 27th.
* Hypoxis erecta L. (Wabunocausk.) Shores of Lake Huron.
| Phalangium escullentum Nutt. Gen. 1. p, 219. | $\left.{\begin{matrix}\\\\\end{matrix}}\right\$ | (Quamash.)Found on Cross Isle, Detroit river, May 18th. |
| Phalangium quamash Ph. Fl. Am. 1. p. 226. | $\left.{\begin{matrix}\\\\\end{matrix}}\right\$ | (Quamash.)Found on Cross Isle, Detroit river, May 18th. |
| Scilla esculentum {{sc| } Bot. Mag. 1596. | $\left.{\begin{matrix}\\\\\end{matrix}}\right\$ | (Quamash.)Found on Cross Isle, Detroit river, May 18th. |
Rootbulbous, truncated, nearly round, and an inch and a half or two inches in diameter.  Scape two or three feet high, leaves more than a foot long, and about half an inch wide.  Flower pale purple, in a spiked raceme.  Stigma trifid, Capsule three-angled, three-celled.  Mr. Nuttall has observed it near the confluence of Huron river and Lake Erie, near St. Louis, and on the lowest banks of the Ohio.  Gov. Lewis brought specimens of this plant from the upper part of the Missouri, near the Rocky Mountains, where the natives use the bulbous roots extensively as an article of diet.  They are known among them by the name of Quamash, and are eaten, baked between hot stones.  Capt. Douglass did not understand that the Indians of the region where he found the plant, made use of the roots for food.

### 61

* Uvularia perfoliata L. On the Islands of Lake Erie.
This plant is said to cure the bite of a rattle-snake, and is believed by the Indians to grow wherever that animal is found.
| Streptopus roseus Mx. | ${\Bigl .}{\begin{matrix}\\\end{matrix}}{\Bigr \}$ | Shores of Lake Huron, May 30th. |
| Uvularia rosea Bot. Mag. 1489. Muhl. Cat. p. 34. | ${\Bigl .}{\begin{matrix}\\\end{matrix}}{\Bigr \}$ | Shores of Lake Huron, May 30th. |
| Smilacina canadensis Ph. | $\left.{\begin{matrix}\\\\\\\end{matrix}}\right\$ | (Matasbuck)Nearly allied to Conval bifolia of Europe.May 28th. Shores of L. Huron |
| Convallaria canadensis Redoute. | $\left.{\begin{matrix}\\\\\\\end{matrix}}\right\$ | (Matasbuck)Nearly allied to Conval bifolia of Europe.May 28th. Shores of L. Huron |
| Majanthemum canadense  Desf. | $\left.{\begin{matrix}\\\\\\\end{matrix}}\right\$ | (Matasbuck)Nearly allied to Conval bifolia of Europe.May 28th. Shores of L. Huron |
| Convallaria bifolia Mx. | $\left.{\begin{matrix}\\\\\\\end{matrix}}\right\$ | (Matasbuck)Nearly allied to Conval bifolia of Europe.May 28th. Shores of L. Huron |
| Smilacina racemosa Desf.-Ph. | ${\Bigl .}{\begin{matrix}\\\end{matrix}}{\Bigr \}$ | Shores of L. Huron |
| Convallaria racemosa L. | ${\Bigl .}{\begin{matrix}\\\end{matrix}}{\Bigr \}$ | Shores of L. Huron |
| Smilacina stellata Desf.-Ph. | ${\Bigl .}{\begin{matrix}\\\end{matrix}}{\Bigr \}$ | Gross Isle, May 22d. |
| Convallaria stellata L. | ${\Bigl .}{\begin{matrix}\\\end{matrix}}{\Bigr \}$ | Gross Isle, May 22d. |
* Dracena borealis Ait. (Cus-cus-cun-domeneca.) Shores of Lake Huron, May 28th.
Leaves oblong, oval, sometimes obovate, muscronate, smooth, membranous six-seven inches long and from two to three inches broad, ciliated on the margin, Scape six to eight inches high, terminated by three or four nodding flowers of a yellowish-green colour.  Corolla six-petalled, petals lanceolate, rather obtuse, slightly connected at the base.  Stamina the length of the corolla, inserted at the base of the petals: others oblong, two-celled, large, style thick, one third the length of the stamina: stigma three-lobed.
* Trigynia.
| Trillium erectum Willd. α. atropurpureum Ph. | ${\Bigl .}{\begin{matrix}\\\end{matrix}}{\Bigr \}$ | (Birth root)Black Rock. May 3d. |
| T. rhomboideumα. Mx. | ${\Bigl .}{\begin{matrix}\\\end{matrix}}{\Bigr \}$ | (Birth root)Black Rock. May 3d. |
| Trillium grandiflorum Salisb. in Parad. Lond. | ${\Bigl .}{\begin{matrix}\\\end{matrix}}{\Bigr \}$ | With the preceding |
| T. rhomboideum and grandiflorum Mx. | ${\Bigl .}{\begin{matrix}\\\end{matrix}}{\Bigr \}$ | With the preceding |

### 62

* HEPTANDRIA.
| ||style="text-indent:-1.5em"|Trientalis europæa β. angustifolia *  T. AmericanaPh. T. europæa β. Americana Nutt. | $\left.{\begin{matrix}\\\\\end{matrix}}\right\$ | (Schoshogonicish.)Shores of Lake Huron, May 28th. |
* OCTANDRIA.
* Œnothcra biennis L.   Upper Mississippi generally.
| Epilobium spicatum  Lam. Pers. Muhl. Cat. | ${\Bigl .}{\begin{matrix}\\\end{matrix}}{\Bigr \}$ | St. Louis River, &c. |
| E. Angustifolium L. et plur. auct. | ${\Bigl .}{\begin{matrix}\\\end{matrix}}{\Bigr \}$ | St. Louis River, &c. |
* Acer saccharinum L.   Shores of Lake Huron.
* DECANDRIA.
* Monogynia.
* Arbutus Uva ursi L.
* (Kinni-kinnik.) Smoked by the Indians as a substitute for tobacco.
The Arbutus is seldom used by itself, though it forms the principal ingredient in the composition called Kinni-Kinnik.  The bark of Cornus sericea, and of several other plants are generally mixed with it, though a little tobacco is preferred.  Pursh says the Indians of the Missouri call it Sacacommis.
* Andromeda polifolia β. rosmarinifolia *   Leaves linear, revolute.
This variety is perhaps the A. polifolia α. angustifolia of Aiton, and Pursh, and is probably a distinct species from A. polifolia of Europe.  It is not uncommon in New-England and in the northern parts of the state of New-York, growing in sphagnous swamps, and on the borders of mountain lakes.
* Ledum latifolium Ait. Willd. (Labrador tea.) Shores of Lake Superior &c. June 19.
* Kalmia glauca Ait. Willd. With the preceding.
* Pyrola rotundifolia L.   Savannah portage, July 10th.
* Digynia.
* Mitella diphylla L. Shores of Lake Huron. May 10th.
* Tiarella cordifolia L.
* (Paa-sewung.) Shores of Lake Huron.
Root mucilaginous.  Petals lanceolate acute, attenuated at the base, three-nerved.
* Pentagynia.
* Cerastium n. sp.   Sandusky, May 8th
Cespitose, pubescent.  Leaves lanceolate-oblong erect, acute shorter than the joints: flowers are long terminal peduncles; leaflets of the calyx oblong; corolla obovate two-cleft twice the length of the calyx.  About eight inches high.
This species is allied to C. termifolium of Pursh, but the leaves are much broader, and the calyx obtuse.  The petals are only twice instead of thrice the length of the calyx.  With the C. glutinosum of Nuttall, it has also much affinity, but that plant is much larger and viscous, and the capsule is double the length calyx, while in our plant it appears to be oblong and shorter than the calyx.

### 63

* ICOSANDRIA.
* Monogynia.
| Prunus virginiana Willd. | ${\Bigl .}{\begin{matrix}\\\end{matrix}}{\Bigr \}$ | Shores of Lake Huron. |
| Cerasus virginana Mx. | ${\Bigl .}{\begin{matrix}\\\end{matrix}}{\Bigr \}$ | Shores of Lake Huron. |
* Prunus depressa Ph.    With the preceding.
* Pentagynia.
* Cratægus pyrifola Ait.
* Willd. (Wild Apple.)Detroit, May 30th.
| Pyrus ovalis Willd.  arb. | ${\Bigl .}{\begin{matrix}\\\end{matrix}}{\Bigr \}$ | On the river St. Mary's |
| Mespilus Amelanchier Walt. | ${\Bigl .}{\begin{matrix}\\\end{matrix}}{\Bigr \}$ | On the river St. Mary's |
* Polygynia.
* Rosa parviflora Ehrh. Willd.  On Lake Superior. July 4th.
* Rubus saxatilis β. canadensis Mx. Head of the Mississippi. Swamps.
* Geum rivale L.   Shores of Lake Huron, May 30th.
* Potentilla anserina L.   Near Detroit.
| Potentilla pennsylvanica  Mx. Willd. | ${\Bigl .}{\begin{matrix}\\\end{matrix}}{\Bigr \}$ |
| Geum agrimonoides Ph. | ${\Bigl .}{\begin{matrix}\\\end{matrix}}{\Bigr \}$ |
Willdenow and Pursh quote as a synonym of this plant the G. Pennsylvanica of Gmelius Flora Sibirica, 3. t. 34. f. 1, but the figure is altogether unlike our plant, and does not agree with Michaux's description of it. Willdenow however, remarks, “Planta sibirica majus est glabra sed folorum florumque structura eadem ac in Americana”! Sp. pl. 2. p. 1099.

### 64

* POLYANDRIA.
* Monogynia.
| Actaea Americana Ph. | $\left.{\begin{matrix}\\\\\end{matrix}}\right\$ | Shores of Lake Huron. |
| A. rubra   Willd. | $\left.{\begin{matrix}\\\\\end{matrix}}\right\$ | Shores of Lake Huron. |
| A. spicata  {{sc| Mx. } | $\left.{\begin{matrix}\\\\\end{matrix}}\right\$ | Shores of Lake Huron. |
* Sarracenia purpurea L. (Ko-ko-koh Mokasin. Owls' Mockasin.)
Point Keeweoah, Lake Superior, June 26th.
| Cyamus luteusNutt. | $\left.{\begin{matrix}\\\\\\\\\end{matrix}}\right\$ | Found in great quantities near Sandusky Bay, west end of Lake Erie. |
| C. flavicomasSalisb. Ph. | $\left.{\begin{matrix}\\\\\\\\\end{matrix}}\right\$ | Found in great quantities near Sandusky Bay, west end of Lake Erie. |
| Nelumbium luteumWilld. | $\left.{\begin{matrix}\\\\\\\\\end{matrix}}\right\$ | Found in great quantities near Sandusky Bay, west end of Lake Erie. |
| Nymphæa NelumboWalt. | $\left.{\begin{matrix}\\\\\\\\\end{matrix}}\right\$ | Found in great quantities near Sandusky Bay, west end of Lake Erie. |
| N. NelumboBl. | $\left.{\begin{matrix}\\\\\\\\\end{matrix}}\right\$ | Found in great quantities near Sandusky Bay, west end of Lake Erie. |
The only difference Willdenow makes between his N. speciosum and luteum is that the former has hispid peduncles and petioles, and the latter smooth ones. He however describes a variety of the N. speciosum with smooth peduncles and petioles, and the American plant according to Nuttall and the present Prof. Barton had them sometimes partly muricate. Hence there seems to be but little difference between the two species. The colour of the flowers, unless there are other distinctive characters, is not of much consequence.
* Pentagynia.
* ||style="text-indent:-1.5em"|Aquilegia canadensis L. Near Detroit. May.
* Polygynia.
* ||style="text-indent:-1.5em"|Ranunculus fascicularis Muhl Cat.—Big. Fl. Bost.Near Detroit.
* ||style="text-indent:-1.5em"|Ranunculus sceleratus L. With the preceding.

### 65

* DIDYNAMIA.
* Gymnospermia.
* Stachys aspera Mx.
* Ph. excl. syn. Ontonagon river, June 30th.
The S. tenuifolia of Willd. is placed as a synonym to this species by Pursh, but Muhlenberg makes them distinct in his catalogue.  Specimens of S. tenuifolia sent from N. Carolina by Mr. Schweinetz, appear quite different from the aspera.  The short description of the former by Willd. will agree equally well with either.
| Hyssopus anisatus Nutt. Gen. 2. p. 27 | ${\Bigl .}{\begin{matrix}\\\end{matrix}}{\Bigr \}$ | Savannah Portage. July. |
| Stachys fœniculum Ph.  2. p. 407 | ${\Bigl .}{\begin{matrix}\\\end{matrix}}{\Bigr \}$ | Savannah Portage. July. |
Stem obtusely four-angled, leaves ovate-cordate, with large accuminate serratures, hoary beneath.  Flowers in a dense somewhat interrupted spike.  Stamina and style excert.  First discovered on the plains of the Missouri by Mr. Nuttall.
* Verbena hastata L.   Upper Mississippi, generally.
* Angiospermia.
* Bignonia radicans L.   Near Sandusky Bay.
| Bartsia coccinea L. | ${\Bigl .}{\begin{matrix}\\\end{matrix}}{\Bigr \}$ | Near Detroit. |
| Euchronia coccinea Nutt. | ${\Bigl .}{\begin{matrix}\\\end{matrix}}{\Bigr \}$ | Near Detroit. |
* Pedicularis canadensis L. Near Detroit.
Said by the Indians to cure the bite of a rattle-snake.
* Pedicularis gladiata Mx.   Shores of Lake Huron, May 30th.
* Linnæa borealis L.
* Near White Fish Pt. Lake Superior, June 19th.
* Gerardia Pedicularia L.
* Willd. Ouisconsin river, Aug.
* Tetradynamia.
| Arabis rhomboidea Pers. | ${\Bigl .}{\begin{matrix}\\\end{matrix}}{\Bigr \}$ | β. purpurea* |
| A. bulbosa Muhl. | ${\Bigl .}{\begin{matrix}\\\end{matrix}}{\Bigr \}$ | β. purpurea* |
Smooth: root bulbous granulated, leaves rbomboid; the superior ones with large repand teeth, inferior ones in very long petioles, obsoletely toothed, cordate.  Flowers corymbose, pale purple, as large as in Raphanus sativus.  About ten inches high.  Cardamine rotundifolia Mx ?
* Arabis lyrata L.   Banks of Lake Huron, June 5th.

### 66

* MONADELPHIA.
* Lobelia claytoniana Mx.   Savannah Portage.
* DIADELPHIA.
| Petalostenum violaceum Mx. | ${\Bigl .}{\begin{matrix}\\\end{matrix}}{\Bigr \}$ | Prairies of the Upper Mississippi, below Sandy Lake. |
| Dalea violacea Willd. | ${\Bigl .}{\begin{matrix}\\\end{matrix}}{\Bigr \}$ | Prairies of the Upper Mississippi, below Sandy Lake. |
* Petalostenum villosum Nutt. Gen. 2. p. 65.
Petals 5, nearly equal alternating with the stamens.  Calyx five-toothed.  Grows with the preceding species.  First discovered by Nuttall on the banks of Knife River, near Fort Mandan, Missouri.
* Polygala paucifolia Muhl.  Willd. Shores of Lake Huron.
* Vicia Douglassii. *   Sandusky Bay. May 8th.
Spikes many flowered, somewhat retrorsely imbricated, shorter than the leaves; stipules ovate-Ianceolate, entire, leaflets numerous, (5 to 6 pairs) ovate oblong, mucronate, slightly pubescent beneath.  Resembles V. cracca
* Pisum maritimum L.   Sandy Point, Lake Superior, July 4th.

### 67

* SYNGENESIA.
| Liatris squarrosa Willd. | ${\Bigl .}{\begin{matrix}\\\end{matrix}}{\Bigr \}$ | West shore of Lake Michigan, August 27th. |
| Serratula squarrosa L. | ${\Bigl .}{\begin{matrix}\\\end{matrix}}{\Bigr \}$ | West shore of Lake Michigan, August 27th. |
Stem erect, smooth, about two feet high.  Leaves very long and narrow, smooth, slightly scabrous on the margin.  Raceme about six-flowered, flowers approximated, on short peduncles, calyx containing twenty florets, subcylindric, squamose below; scales ovate mucronate, a little ciliate, interior ones foliaceous; Segments of the corolla linear, villose within.  Allied to L. graminifolia.
| Liatris scariosa Willd. | ${\Bigl .}{\begin{matrix}\\\end{matrix}}{\Bigr \}$ | West shore of Lake Michigan, August 27th. |
| Serratula scariosa L. | ${\Bigl .}{\begin{matrix}\\\end{matrix}}{\Bigr \}$ | West shore of Lake Michigan, August 27th. |
Stem simple, three feet high, nearly smooth.  Leaves lanceolate, very smooth, and the upper surface a little shining.  Flowers in a long dense spike, very numerous, (40 to 70,) on short peduncles: calyx twenty–twenty-three flowered; scales spatulate, obtuse, membranous and coloured: pappus a little longer than the villous seed; corolla deeply cleft, smooth, with diaphanous punctures.
| Erigeron bellidifolium  Muhl.–Willd. | ${\Bigl .}{\begin{matrix}\\\end{matrix}}{\Bigr \}$ | Near Detroit. |
| E. pulchellum Mx. | ${\Bigl .}{\begin{matrix}\\\end{matrix}}{\Bigr \}$ | Near Detroit. |
* GYNANDRIA.
| Neottia cernua Willd. | ${\Bigl .}{\begin{matrix}\\\end{matrix}}{\Bigr \}$ | East shore of Lake Michigan |
| Ophrys cevnua L. | ${\Bigl .}{\begin{matrix}\\\end{matrix}}{\Bigr \}$ | East shore of Lake Michigan |
| Calopogon pulchellus R.Brown. | $\left.{\begin{matrix}\\\\\end{matrix}}\right\$ | Portage of Pt. Keeweenah, Lake Superior, June 26th. |
| Cymbidium pulchellum Swartz | $\left.{\begin{matrix}\\\\\end{matrix}}\right\$ | Portage of Pt. Keeweenah, Lake Superior, June 26th. |
| Limodorum tuberosum {{sc|L.Mx.} | $\left.{\begin{matrix}\\\\\end{matrix}}\right\$ | Portage of Pt. Keeweenah, Lake Superior, June 26th. |
| Cypripedium spectabile Swartz. | $\left.{\begin{matrix}\\\\\end{matrix}}\right\$ | Point Keeweenah, Lake Superior, June 26th. |
| C. album Ait. | $\left.{\begin{matrix}\\\\\end{matrix}}\right\$ | Point Keeweenah, Lake Superior, June 26th. |
| C. canadense {{sc|Mx.} | $\left.{\begin{matrix}\\\\\end{matrix}}\right\$ | Point Keeweenah, Lake Superior, June 26th. |
| Cypripedium pubescens Willd. | $\left.{\begin{matrix}\\\\\end{matrix}}\right\$ | (Mocktasin flower.)Presque Isle, June 5th. |
| C. calceolus Mx. | $\left.{\begin{matrix}\\\\\end{matrix}}\right\$ | (Mocktasin flower.)Presque Isle, June 5th. |
| C. calceolus β. {{sc|L.} | $\left.{\begin{matrix}\\\\\end{matrix}}\right\$ | (Mocktasin flower.)Presque Isle, June 5th. |

### 68

* MONOECIA.
* Hexagynia.
| Zizania palustris Lin. Mantiss. 295. Sp. pl. 1408.Willd. sp. pl. 4. p. 395. | $\left.{\begin{matrix}\\\\\\\end{matrix}}\right\$ |
| Muhl. Gram. p. 271.Schreb. Gram. t. 29. | $\left.{\begin{matrix}\\\\\\\end{matrix}}\right\$ |
| Z. quatica  Lamb. in Lin trans 7. p. 264.Pursh. 1. p. 60. 2. p. 210.Gron. virg. 148. | $\left.{\begin{matrix}\\\\\\\end{matrix}}\right\$ |
| Z. clavulosa Mx.  1. p.75.Muhl. Gram. p.270.Willd. sp. pl. 4. p. 394. | $\left.{\begin{matrix}\\\\\\\end{matrix}}\right\$ |
(Wiid rice — Water oats.)  Abundant in the shallow rivers which fall into the Great Lakes, but in the greatest luxuriance and plenty in Fox river.
* Polyandria.
* Quercus alba L.   St. Louis and the Upper Mississippi
This was the first oak seen after leaving Michilimakinak.
* Fagus ferruginea Ait.-Willd.   Shores of Lake. Huron.
* Betula nigra L.   Savannah Portage.
* Monadelphia.
| Pinus balsamea L. | ${\Bigl .}{\begin{matrix}\\\end{matrix}}{\Bigr \}$ | Mississippi, above Sandy lake. |
| Abies balsamifera Mx. arb. | ${\Bigl .}{\begin{matrix}\\\end{matrix}}{\Bigr \}$ | Mississippi, above Sandy lake. |
| Pinus nigra Lamb. | ${\Bigl .}{\begin{matrix}\\\end{matrix}}{\Bigr \}$ | On the Mississippi, near St. Louis. |
| Pinus denticulata Mx. | ${\Bigl .}{\begin{matrix}\\\end{matrix}}{\Bigr \}$ | On the Mississippi, near St. Louis. |
| Pinus banksiana Lamb. | ${\Bigl .}{\begin{matrix}\\\end{matrix}}{\Bigr \}$ | Near the head the Mississippi. |
| Pinus rupestris Mx. arb. | ${\Bigl .}{\begin{matrix}\\\end{matrix}}{\Bigr \}$ | Near the head the Mississippi. |
* Thuya occidentalis L.   River St. Mary's.
* Euphorbia corollata Ait.
* DIOECIA.
* Diandria.
| Salix lucida Muhl-Willd. | ${\Bigl .}{\begin{matrix}\\\end{matrix}}{\Bigr \}$ | Shores of Lake Huron. This species is omitted in Pursh's Flora Amer. |
| Salix incana Mx. | ${\Bigl .}{\begin{matrix}\\\end{matrix}}{\Bigr \}$ | Shores of Lake Huron. This species is omitted in Pursh's Flora Amer. |
* Octandria.
* Populus balsamifera L.   Savannah portage.
| Populus trepida Willd. | ${\Bigl .}{\begin{matrix}\\\end{matrix}}{\Bigr \}$ | With the preceding. |
| Populus grandidentata Mx. | ${\Bigl .}{\begin{matrix}\\\end{matrix}}{\Bigr \}$ | With the preceding. |
* Populus tremuloides Mx.   In the same place.
| Shepherdia canadensis Nutt. | ${\Bigl .}{\begin{matrix}\\\end{matrix}}{\Bigr \}$ | Shores of Lake Huron. |
| Hippophaë canadensis L. | ${\Bigl .}{\begin{matrix}\\\end{matrix}}{\Bigr \}$ | Shores of Lake Huron. |
* Monadelphia.
* Juniperus communis L.   Near Chicago.
| Juniperus prostrata Pers. Synop. 2. p. 632. Muhl. Cat? p. 98. | ${\Bigl .}{\begin{matrix}\\\end{matrix}}{\Bigr \}$ | On Lake Huron. |
| Juniperus repens Nutt. | ${\Bigl .}{\begin{matrix}\\\end{matrix}}{\Bigr \}$ | On Lake Huron. |
Stem prostrate; branches running eight or ten or more feet along the ground; leaves imbricate in four's, ovate submucronate, bearing a gladulous depression in the middle.  Berries larger than in the I. virginiana, but nearly of the same smell and taste.  On Lake Huron, where it was also observed by Mr. Nuttall.
| Taxus canadensis Willd. | ${\Bigl .}{\begin{matrix}\\\end{matrix}}{\Bigr \}$ | On the St. Louis river. |
| Taxus baccata minor  Mx. | ${\Bigl .}{\begin{matrix}\\\end{matrix}}{\Bigr \}$ | On the St. Louis river. |