OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Legal Correspondence Regarding Mr. Wadsworth's Arrest

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   —Samuel Williams Cooper
   Dear Sir - The superintendent of police has handed me yours of the 12th, together with the statement of the facts of the case as gathered by the lieutenant of the district. This department has nothing at all to do with the question whether Talbot had a right to issue the warrant for Mr. Wadsworth. The fact is that Talbot had the warrant and demanded that the officer should arrest Mr. Wadsworth. Under a rule of this department an officer is prohibited from serving a warrant unless it has been backed by his lieutenant. The officer so informed Talbot, who went off to get the warrant backed. The officer states that, while Talbot was on this errand, Wadsworth came out of the mill and the officer stepped up to him, and told him he would have to detain him, as there was a warrant out for his arrest. If that statement is correct, I cannot concede that the officer did anything wrong in the premises. If you can controvert that fact, I will order the officer up for trial and arrange for a hearing at a time to suit the convenience of your client.
   —Director Beitler
   If I correctly understand the numerous decisions of our courts, a police officer without a proper warrant in his possession has no more right to arrest or interfere with a citizen than an utter stranger, and the mere fact that a warrant has been issued, whether properly or improperly, makes no difference whatever, unless he has it with him and is prepared to show it as his authority. Any other system of arrest is an absolute violation of the constitutional rights of citizens, and a complete subversion of the repeated decisions of our judges.
   —Samuel Williams Cooper (only a portion of this response remains)
# Leftwitch v. Lecanu

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United States Supreme Court
71 U.S. 187
Leftwitch v. Lecanu
A STATUTE of Louisiana enacts 'that notaries shall keep a book, in which they shall transcribe all the protests by them made, with mention made of the notices which they shall have given to drawers and indorsers, &c.; which declaration, duly recorded under the signature of the notary public and two witnesses, shall be received as a legal proof of the notices.'
With this statute in force, Lecanu sued Leftwitch and others in the Circuit Court of the United States for the Eastern District of Louisiana, as indorsers of a promissory note. The suit was in the form usual in Louisiana, that is to say, by petition, and the plea was a general denial.
On the trial before a jury, the counsel for the plaintiff below offered in evidence an instrument in writing on the back of the protest, and purporting to be a certificate of the notary, that he had notified the indorsers of the note, which is contained in the record.
The certificate, although it stated in the body of it that it was signed by two persons, Janin and Lenes, the 'two witnesses,' had not their signatures to it.
The counsel for the defendants objected to reading the instrument, on the ground that the certificate was not in conformity with the laws of Louisiana, and, consequently, that it did not prove the notice. The court overruled the objection, and the plaintiff excepted.
The bill of exceptions stated that 'plaintiff offered in evidence an instrument in writing on the back of the protest, purporting to be a certificate of the notary, that he had notified the indorsee to this note, which is hereunto annexed for reference as a part of this bill, to which certificate counsel for defendant objected,' &c. No such paper was, however, found attached to the bill of exceptions, nor in any manner referred to, or marked, or identified as being a part of it, or as the paper which was offered in evidence.
Mr. Gillet, for the plaintiff in error. Mr. Carlisle, contra.
Mr. Justice MILLER delivered the opinion of the court.

## Notes

* Stat. of 1855, p. 48, § 7.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Legal Bibliography (1881-1913)

Legal Bibliography is a periodical, published from 1881 to 1913. It was originally called 'Soule and Bugbee's Legal Bibliography'. It is also called 'Leg Bib'.
Soule and Bugbee's Legal Bibliography
* Number 1 (November 1881) (transcription project) [scan of numbers 1 to 12]
* Number 2 (May 1882)
* Number 3 (December 1882)
* Number 4 (October 1883)
Legal Bibliography (Soule's Legal Bibliograhy)
* Number 5 (December 1884)
* Number 6 (September 1885)
* Number 7 (April 1886)
* Number 8 (December 1886)
* Number 9 (September 1887)
* Number 10 (February 1888)
* Number 11 (January 1889)
Leg Bib (Legal Bibliography) (The Boston Book Company's Legal Bibliography)
New Series
* Volume 1 (1894-1903) External scan
* Volume 2 (1903-1906) External scan
* Volume 3 (1907-1909) External scan
* Volume 4 (1910-1913) External scan
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Leftwitch v. Lecanu/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
United States Supreme Court
71 U.S. 187
Leftwitch v. Lecanu
The only allegation of error in this record relates to a certificate of a notary public, that he had notified the indorsers of a promissory note of the dishonor of said note.
The bill of exceptions states that 'plaintiff offered in evidence an instrument in writing on the back of the protest, purporting to be a certificate of the notary, that he had notified the indorser of the note, which is hereunto annexed for reference as a part of this bill, to which certificate counsel for defendant objected,' &c. No such paper is found annexed to the bill of exceptions, nor in any manner referred to, or marked, or identified as being a part of the bill of exceptions, or as the paper which was offered in evidence.
The suit being in the Circuit Court for the District of Louisiana was commenced by petition, and according to the practice in such cases, there is annexed to the petition a copy of the note sued on, and of the protest and certificate of notice to the indorsers. But this is merely a copy attached to, and a part of the pleading, and is certainly not the paper which was offered in evidence. It may or may not be a perfect copy of that paper; but whether it is so or not, it is certain that it does not become a part of the bill of exceptions by being attached to the pleading.
If a paper which is to constitute a part of a bill of exceptions, is not incorporated into the body of the bill, it must be annexed to it, or so marked by letter, number, or other means of identification mentioned in the bill, as to leave no doubt, when found in the record, that it is the one referred to in the bill of exceptions.
There is nothing of the kind here; and as we must presume the ruling of the court to be right, in the absence of anything showing it to be wrong, the judgment must be.
AFFIRMED.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Kinsman v. Parkhurst

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United States Supreme Court
59 U.S. 289
Kinsman v. Parkhurst
THIS was an appeal from the circuit court of the United States for the southern district of New York.
The facts are stated in the opinion of the court.
It was argued by Mr. Keller, for the appellants, and Mr. Gifford, for the appellee.
Mr. Keller made ten points.
The first three assailed the validity of Parkhurst's patent. The others raised the following questions:--
4. Whether the agreement, preventing one of the parties from making the article and both from selling it under a certain price, was not void as being in restraint of trade and against public policy, if either or both of the parties knew that the patent was not valid.
The 5th, 6th, and 7th related to the responsibility of Goddard.
The 8th. Whether Kinsman and Goddard were responsible for bad debts, provided they were prevented from receiving the money by the interference of Parkhurst.
The 9th again attacked the patent.
The 10th. Whether Kinsman and Goddard were responsible, if the machines which they made did not, in law or fact, infringe the letters-patent.
Mr. Gifford made eleven points.
The first related to the propriety of entertaining the appeal at all.
The 2d, 3d, and 4th. That the agreements between the parties fixed their relation and prescribed their rights and obligations.
5. That Kinsman was estopped from denying the validity of the patent.
6. That Goddard, having come in under the agreement, was in the same situation as Kinsman.
7. That the machines made by Kinsman and Goddard were covered by the patent.
8. That Kinsman had made enough to reimburse himself and fraudulently refused to account for the surplus.
9. That Parkhurst was the inventor of the thing patented.
10. That he never obtained a single feature of his invention from any other person.
11. That he had always acted fairly.
Mr. Justice CURTIS delivered the opinion of the court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Kipley v. Illinois ex rel. Akin

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
170 U.S. 182
Kipley v. Illinois ex rel. Akin
Charles S. Thornton, for plaintiff in error.
Geo. W. Smith, E. C. Akin, Frank P. Blair, and Murry Nelson, Jr., for defendant in error.
Mr. Justice HARLAN, after stating the facts in the foregoing language, delivered the opinion of the court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Kinzell v. Chicago, Milwaukee, & Saint Paul Railway Company

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
250 U.S. 130
Kinzell v. Chicago, Milwaukee, & Saint Paul Railway Company
Argued: April 15, 1919. --- Decided: May 19, 1919
Messrs. James A. Wayne, of Wallace, Idaho, and John P. Gray, of Coeur D'Alene, Idaho, for petitioner.
Mr. George W. Korte, of Seattle, Wash., for respondent.
Mr. Justice CLARKE delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Kipps

Kipps: The Story of a Simple Soul is a novel by H. G. Wells, first published in 1905. Humorous yet sympathetic, this perceptive social novel is generally regarded as a masterpiece, and was the author's own favourite work. Warning: template has been deprecated.
KIPPS
THE STORY OF A SIMPLE SOUL
BY
H. G. WELLS
NEW YORK CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS 1906
Copyright 1906, by CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS Published, 1908
Manners and Rules of Good Society
By a Member of the Aristocracy
CONTENTS:
Book I.
The Making of Kipps
Book II.
Mr. Coote, the Chaperon
Book III.
Kippses
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
The longest-living author of this work died in 1946, so this work is in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 77 years or less. This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Letters of Julian/Letter 23

From The Works of the Emperor Julian, volume III (1913) Loeb Classical Library.

## 23. To Ecdicius, Prefect of Egypt

[362 end of January, Constantinople]
Some men have a passion for horses, others for birds, others, again, for wild beasts; but I, from childhood, have been penetrated by a passionate longing to acquire books. It would therefore be absurd if I should suffer these to be appropriated by men whose inordinate desire for wealth gold alone cannot satiate, and who unscrupulously design to steal these also. Do you therefore grant me this personal favour, that all the books which belonged to George be sought out. For there were in his house many on philosophy, and many on rhetoric; many also on the teachings of the impious Galilaeans. These latter I should wish to be utterly annihilated, but for fear that along with them more useful works may be destroyed by mistake, let all these also be sought for with the greatest care. Let George's secretary take charge of this search for you, and if he hunts for them faithfully let him know that he will obtain his freedom as a reward, but that if he prove in any way whatever dishonest in the business he will be put to the test of torture. And I know what books George had, many of them, at any rate, if not all; for he lent me some of them to copy, when I was in Cappadocia, and these he received back.

## Footnotes

* ↑ See Introduction, under Ecdicius.
* ↑ A proverbial phrase; cf. Vol. 1, Oration 4. 130c, Vol. 2, Oration 8. 251d; Plato, Menexenus 245d. For Julian's love of books, Vol. 1, Oration 3. 123d. foll.
* ↑ Perhaps to be identified with Porphyrius, to whom Julian wrote the threatening Letter 38.
* ↑ i.e. when he was interned for six years by Constantius at Macellum in Cappadocia. George was then at Caesarea near Macellum.
# Letters of Julian/Letter 24

From The Works of the Emperor Julian, volume III (1913) Loeb Classical Library.

## 24. To the Alexandrians, an Edict

[362, Constantinople]
One who had been banished by so many imperial decrees issued by many Emperors ought to have waited for at least one imperial edict, and then on the strength of that returned to his own country, and not displayed rashness and folly, and insulted the laws as though they did not exist. For we have not, even now, granted to the Galilaeans who were exiled by Constantius of blessed memory to return to their churches, but only to their own countries. Yet I learn that the most audacious Athanasius, elated by his accustomed insolence, has again seized what is called among them the episcopal throne, and that this is not a little displeasing to the God-fearing citizens of Alexandria. Wherefore we publicly warn him to depart from the city forthwith, on the very day that he shall receive this letter of our clemency. But if he remain within the city, we publicly warn him that he will receive a much greater and more severe punishment.

## Footnotes

* ↑ See Introduction, under Athanasius.
* ↑ Constantius was an Arian and had appointed Bishop George of Cappadocia to the see of Alexandria. Athanasius was then in exile by the decree of Constantius.
* ↑ Athanasius had installed himself in his church on February 21st, 362.
* ↑ i.e. the Pagans.
* ↑ Athanasius withdrew from Alexandria, but not from Egypt, in consequence of this edict. For a second edict banishing him from Egypt, see Letter 47.
# Letters of Julian/Letter 25

From The Works of the Emperor Julian, volume III (1913) Loeb Classical Library.

## 25. To Evagrius

[362, Constantinople]
A small estate of four fields, in Bithynia, was given to me by my grandmother, and this I give as an offering to your affection for me. It is too small to bring a man any great benefit on the score of wealth or to make him appear opulent, but even so it is a gift that cannot wholly fail to please you, as you will see if I describe its features to you one by one. And there is no reason why I should not write in a light vein to you who are so full of the graces and amenities of culture. It is situated not more than twenty stades from the sea, so that no trader or sailor with his chatter and insolence disturbs the place. Yet it is not wholly deprived of the favours of Nereus, for it has a constant supply of fish, fresh and still gasping; and if you walk up on to a sort of hill away from the house, you will see the sea, the Propontis and the islands, and the city that bears the name of the noble Emperor; nor will you have to stand meanwhile on seaweed and brambles, or be annoyed by the filth that is always thrown out on to seabeaches and sands, which is so very unpleasant and even unmentionable; but you will stand on smilax and thyme and fragrant herbage. Very peaceful it is to lie down there and glance into some book, and then, while resting one's eyes, it is very agreeable to gaze at the ships and the sea. When I was still hardly more than a boy I thought that this was the most delightful summer place, for it has, moreover, excellent springs and a charming bath and garden and trees. When I had grown to manhood I used to long for my old manner of life there and visited it often, and our meetings there did not lack talks about literature. Moreover there is there, as a humble monument of my husbandry, a small vineyard that produces a fragrant, sweet wine, which does not have to wait for time to improve its flavour. You will have a vision of Dionysus and the Graces. The grapes on the vine, and when they are being crushed in the press, smell of roses, and the new-made wine in the jars is a "rill of nectar," if one may trust Homer. Then why is not such a vine as this abundant and growing over very many acres?
Perhaps I was not a very industrious gardener. But since my mixing bowl of Dionysus is inclined to soberness and calls for a large proportion of the nymphs, I only provided enough for myself and my friends — and they are very few. Well then, I now give this to you as a present, dear heart, and though it be small, as indeed it is, yet it is precious as coming from a friend to a friend, "from home, homeward bound," in the words of the wise poet Pindar. I have written this letter in haste, by lamplight, so that, if I have made any mistakes, do not criticise them severely or as one rhetorician would another.

## Footnotes

* ↑ For Evagrius see Introduction.
* ↑ Cf. Vol. 2. 290d; and 251d for his childhood's associations with this coast.
* ↑ Constantinople, named after Constantine.
* ↑ Odyssey 9. 359 νέκταρός ἐστιν ἀπορρώξ.
* ↑ i.e. of water.
* ↑ Olympian Ode 6. 99; 7. 5.
# Letters of Julian/Letter 26

From The Works of the Emperor Julian, volume III (1913) Loeb Classical Library.

## 26. To Basil

[Early in 362, Constantinople]
"Not of war is thy report," says the proverb, but I would add, from comedy, "O thou whose words bring tidings of gold!" Come then, show it by your deeds and hasten to me, for you will come as friend to friend. It is true that continuous attention to public business is thought to be a heavy burden on men who pursue it with all their energy; but those who share the task of administration with me are, I am convinced, honest and reasonable men, intelligent and entirely capable for all they have to do. So they give me leisure and the opportunity of resting without neglecting anything. For our intercourse with one another is free from that hypocrisy of courts of which alone you have hitherto, I think, had experience, that hypocrisy which leads men to praise one another even while they hate with a hatred more deadly than they feel for their worst enemies in war. But we, though we refute and criticise one another with appropriate frankness, whenever it is necessary, love one another as much as the most devoted friends. Hence it is that I am able — if I may say so without odium — to work and yet enjoy relaxation, and when at work to be free from strain and sleep securely. For when I have kept vigil it was less on my own behalf probably than on behalf of all my subjects.
But perhaps I have been wearying you with my chatter and nonsense, displaying stupid conceit, for I have praised myself, like Astydamas. However, I have despatched this letter to you to convince you that your presence, wise man that you are, will be serviceable to me rather than any waste of my time. Make haste then, as I said, and use the state post. And when you have stayed with me as long as you desire you shall go your way whithersoever you please, with an escort furnished by me, as is proper.

## Footnotes

* ↑ For Basil, see Introduction.
* ↑ Plato, Phaedrus 242b, Laws 102d, cf. paroles de paix.
* ↑ Aristophanes, Plutus 268.
* ↑ Plato, Menexenus 247b.
* ↑ A proverb derived from Philemon, frag. 190; for the whole verse, see Letter 50.
* ↑ i.e. the cursus publicus; cf. To Eustathius, Letter 44.
# Letters of Julian/Letter 3

From The Works of the Emperor Julian, volume III (1913) Loeb Classical Library.

## 3. To Eumenius and Pharianus

[359 From Gaul]
If anyone has persuaded you that there is anything more delightful or more profitable for the human race than to pursue philosophy at one's leisure without interruptions, he is a deluded man trying to delude you. But if your old-time zeal still abides in you and has not been swiftly quenched like a brilliant flame, then I regard you as peculiarly blest. Four years have already passed, yes and almost three months besides, since we parted from one another. It would give me pleasure to observe how far you have progressed in this period. As for my own progress, if I can still so much as speak Greek it is surprising, such a barbarian have I become because of the places I have lived in. Do not despise the study of mere words or be careless of rhetoric or fail to read poetry. But you must devote still more attention to serious studies, and let your whole effort be to acquire understanding of the teachings of Aristotle and Plato. Let this be your task, the base, the foundation, the edifice, the roof. For all other studies are by the way, though they are completed by you with greater zeal than some bestow on really important tasks. I call sacred Justice to witness that I give you this advice because I love you like brothers. For you were my fellow-students and my very good friends. If therefore you follow my advice I shall love you the more, but if I see that you disregard it I shall grieve. And grief, if it lasts, usually results in something that, for the sake of a happier augury, I forbear to mention.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Julian went to Gaul in 355; he probably knew these students in Athens, earlier in the same year.
* ↑ Like all the sophists Julian recognises only Greek culture, and for him Latin literature or the culture of Gaul did not exist.
# Letters of Julian/Letter 31

From The Works of the Emperor Julian, volume III (1913) Loeb Classical Library.

## 31. A decree concerning Physicians

[362, May 12, Constantinople]
That the science of medicine is salutary for mankind is plainly testified by experience. Hence the sons of the philosophers are right in proclaiming that this science also is descended from heaven. For by its means the infirmity of our nature and the disorders that attack us are corrected. Therefore, in accordance with reason and justice, we decree what is in harmony with the acts of former Emperors, and of our benevolence ordain that for the future ye may live free from the burdens attaching to senators.

## Footnotes

* ↑ This edict, preserved more briefly in Codex Theodosianus 13. 3. 4, was Julian's last known legislative act before he left Constantinople. It confirmed the immunity granted to physicians by Constantine, and was probably meant to apply only to the heads of the medical faculties, archiatri, since the Latin edict is addressed to them.