OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Goscelin

From volume 6 of the work.
(Or GOTSELIN, according to the spelling in the earliest manuscripts of his works.)
A Benedictine biographical writer; died about 1099. He was born in the north of France and became a monk of St. Bertin's at Omer. Hermann, Bishop of Salisbury, brought him to England, but the exact date of his doing so is disputed. Wright gives 1058, on the authority of William of Malmesbury, but Goscelin himself states that he accompanied Hermann to Rome in 1049, shortly before the great Council of Reims in that year, and as that prelate returned to England in 1053, it seems likely that Goscelin came with him then. He remained in England to the end of his life, visiting many monasteries and cathedrals, and collecting, wherever he went, materials for his numerous biographies of English saints. William of Malmesbury praises his industry in the highest terms. He was at Ely about 1082, where he wrote a life of St. Etheldreda. Between 1087 and 1092 he was at Ramsey, and compiled there a life of St. Ivo, or Ives. In 1098 he went to Canterbury, where he wrote his account of the translation of the relics of St. Augustine and his companions, which had taken place in 1091. This he dedicated to St. Anselm, and it was probably his last work. The Canterbury Obituary, quoted by Wharton, gives 15 May as the day of his death but does not name the year. He was certainly alive in the beginning of the year 1099, but we hear nothing of him afterwards. His works consist of the lives of many English saints, chiefly of those connected with Canterbury, where he spent his last years. Some of them have been printed by the Bollandists, by Mabillon, and by Migne. Others are contained in manuscripts in the British Museum (London) and at Cambridge. A full list of his known writings is given in the eighth volume of the "Histoire littéraire de France". His chief work was a life of St. Augustine of Canterbury, professing to be based on older records and divided into two parts, — an "Historia major" (in Mabillon, Acta SS. O.S.B., I) and an "Historia minor" (in Wharton, Anglia Sacra, I). His life of St. Swithin (in Bollandists, Acta SS., July) is also of some importance, but the majority of his writings have not much value at the present day. His method seems to have been usually to take some older writer as his basis and to reproduce his work, in a somewhat inflated style, with additions of his own, but critics are agreed that no very great reliance can be placed on these latter. According to William of Malmesbury, Goscelin was also a skilled musician.
WILLIAM OF MALMESBURY, De Gest. Pontif., ed. HAMILTON in Rolls Series (London, 1870); WHARTON, Anglia Sacra (London, 1691), I; CAVE, Script. Eccles. (Geneva, 1705); FABRICUS, Bibliotheca Latina (Florence, 1858); CHEVALIER, Bio-Bibl. (Paris, 1905-7); WRIGHT, Biographia Britannica Literaria (London, 1842), I; ARCHER in Dict. Nat. Biog., s. v.
G. CYPRIAN ALSTON.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Gospel of Saint Luke (Biblical Commission)

From volume 16 of the work.
Luke, Saint, Gospel of—The following answers to questions about this Gospel, and that of St. Mark, were issued, June 26, 1913, by the Biblical Commission (q.v.). That Mark, the disciple and interpreter of Peter, and Luke, a doctor, the assistant and companion of Paul, are really the authors of the Gospels respectively attributed to them is clear from Tradition, the testimonies of the Fathers and ecclesiastical writers, by quotations in their writings, the usage of early heretics, by versions of the New Testament in the most ancient and common manuscripts, and by intrinsic evidence in the text of the Sacred Books. The reasons adduced by some critics against Mark's authorship of the last twelve versicles of his Gospel (xvi, 9-20) do not prove that these versicles are not inspired or canonical, or that Mark is not their author. It is not lawful to doubt of the inspiration and canonicity of the narratives of Luke on the infancy of Christ (i-ii), on the apparition of the Angel and of the bloody sweat (xxii, 43-44); nor can it be proved that these narratives do not belong to the genuine Gospel of Luke.
The very few exceptional documents attributing the Magnificat to Elizabeth and not to the Blessed Virgin should not prevail against the testimony of nearly all the codices of the original Greek and of the versions, the interpretation required by the context, the mind of the Virgin herself, and the constant tradition of the Church.
It is according to most ancient and constant tradition that after Matthew, Mark wrote his Gospel second and Luke third; though it may be held that the second and third Gospels were composed before the Greek version of the first Gospel. It is not lawful to put the date of the Gospels of Mark and Luke as late as the destruction of Jerusalem or after the siege had begun. The Gospel of Luke preceded his Acts of the Apostles, and was therefore composed before the end of the Roman imprisonment, when the Acts was finished (Acts, xxviii, 30-31). In view of Tradition and of internal evidence it cannot be doubted that Mark wrote according to the preaching of Peter, and Luke according to that of Paul, and that both had at their disposal other trustworthy sources, oral or written.
Acta Apostolicæ Sedis (30 June, 1913)
# Chase Securities Corporation v. Donaldson

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
325 U.S. 304
Chase Securities Corporation v. Donaldson
Argued: Feb. 27, 1945. --- Decided: May 21, 1945
See 325 U.S. 896, 65 S.Ct. 1561.
Appeal from the Supreme Court of the State of Minnesota.
Mr. Henry Root Stern, of New York City, for appellant.
Mr. Benedict S. Deinard, of Minneapolis, Minn., for appellee.
Mr. Justice JACKSON delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Chase v. United States

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "Chase v. United States."
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* Chase v. United States (155 U.S. 489)
* Chase v. United States (256 U.S. 1)
See also United States v. Chase.
# Chase v. United States (155 U.S. 489)

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
155 U.S. 489
Chase v. United States
Addison C. Harris and John C. Chaney, for plaintiff in error.
Sol. Gen. Maxwell, Asst. Atty. Gen. Conrad, and Asst. Atty. Gen. Dodge, for the United States.
Mr. Justice HARLAN delivered the opinion of the court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Chase National Bank v. City of Norwalk

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
291 U.S. 431
Chase National Bank v. City of Norwalk
Argued: Jan. 18, 19, 1934. --- Decided: March 5, 1934
Mr. George D. Welles, of Toledo, Ohio, for petitioner.
Messrs. G. Ray Craig, of Norwalk, Ohio, and H. C. Laughlin and Walter A. Eversman, both of Toledo, Ohio, for respondent.
Mr. Justice BRANDEIS delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Chase National Bank of New York v. Cheston (332 U.S. 826)/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
United States Supreme Court
332 U.S. 826
Chase National Bank of New York v. Cheston (332 U.S. 826)
v.
No. 179.
v.
CENTRAL HANOVER BANK AND TRUST COMPANY et al., as
Trustees, etc.
No. 180.
v.
NATIONAL CITY BANK OF NEW YORK, as Trustee, etc.
No. 181.
v.
John C. TRAPHAGEN et al.
No. 182.
v.
James G. BLAINE et al.
No. 183.
COMPANY, petitioner,
v.
No. 184.
v.
CENTRAL HANOVER BANK AND TRUST COMPANY et al., as
Trustees, etc.
No. 185.
v.
The NATIONAL CITY BANK OF NEW YORK, as Trustee, etc.
No. 186.
v.
J. Hamilton CHESTON et al.
No. 187.
v.
John C. TRAPHAGEN et al.
No. 188.
v.
James G. BLAINE et al.
No. 189.
Messrs. John Gerdes, of New York City, and Henry F. Tenney, of Chicago, Ill., for debtor-petitioner, Chicago R. I. & P. Ry. Co.
Mr. Loy N. McIntosh, of Chicago, Ill. (Messrs. Gann, Secord, Stead & McIntosh, of counsel), for the Protective Committee for Chicago Rock Island and P. Ry. Co.'s 7% and 6% Preferred Stock.
Messrs. Alexander & Green, of New York City, and Winston, Strawn & Shaw, of Chicago, Ill. (Messrs. Frank H. Towner, of Chicago, Ill., and Edward W. Bourne, of New York City, of counsel), for Protective Committee for Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railway Company General Mortgage Bonds due January 1, 1988.
Messrs. White & Case, of New York City, and Winston, Strawn & Shaw, of Chicago, Ill. (Messrs. Frank H. Towner, of Chicago, Ill., and Jesse E. Waid, of New York City, of counsel), for Bankers Trust Co. and others.
Messrs. Root, Ballantine, Harlan, Bushby & Palmer, of New York City (Messrs. Wilkie Bushby and Joseph Schreiber, both of New York City, of counsel), for Metropolitan Life Ins. Co.
Messrs. Rathbone, Perry, Kelley & Drye, of New York City (Mr. Alexander M. Lewis, of New York City, of counsel), for Central Hanover Bank and Trust Co. et al.
Messrs. Shearman & Sterling & Wright, of New York City (Mr. Sanford H. E. Freund, of New York City, of counsel), for National City Bank of New York et al.
Messrs. Beekman & Bogue, of New York City (Mr. Edward K. Hanlon, of New York City, of counsel), for Protective Committee for the Holders of First Mortgage 4 1/2% Bonds of The Rock Island, Arkansas and Louisiana Railroad Company.
Messrs. Cahill, Gordon, Zachry & Reindel, of New York City (Mr. Daniel James, of New York City, of counsel), for Protective Committee for Choctaw, Oklahoma & G. R. Co. et al.
Nov. 17, 1947.
The petition for rehearing is denied.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Burse

From volume 3 of the work.
(Bursa, "hide", "skin"; whence "bag" or "purse").
A receptacle in which, for reasons of convenience and reverence, the folded corporal is carried to and from the altar. In Roman form the burse is ordinarily made of two juxtaposed pieces of cardboard about twenty-five centimetres (or ten inches) square, bound together at three edges, leaving the fourth open to receive the corporal. One outer side of the burse is of the same material and colour as the vestments with which it is used; the rest is lined with linen or silk. The use of the burse is relatively recent. When the corporal reached its present small dimensions, it was carried to the altar, sometimes in the missal, sometimes in a special receptacle, a box or bag, which finally took the present form of burse. Just when this custom began cannot be determined. "Chronicon vetus rerum Moguntinarum" (1140-1251) mentions a precious corporal-case; this may have been, however, only a box for the continual safe-keeping of the corporal. St. Charles Borromeo describes a sacculus corporalis distinct from the case in which corporals were preserved (Acta Mediolan., 1683, I, 524). From the fourteenth to the seventeenth centuries the use of the burse spread, and in 1692 it was universally illicit to celebrate Mass without one (Decreta S.R.C., 1866, 2$^m$).
GIHR, The Sacrifice of the Mass (St. Louis, 1902), 264, 265 GAVANTUS-MERATI, Thesaurus sac. rituum (Venice, 1762), I, 90.
John B. Peterson.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Busiris

From volume 3 of the work.
A titular see taking its title from one of the many Egyptian cities of the same name. This particular Busiris was situated in the middle of the Delta, on the Pathmitish, or Damietta Branch of the Nile. The ancient Egyptian name, Pa-osiri means "House of Osiris", the god being supposed to be buried there; hence the Coptic Pousiri, Greek Pousiris and Bouseiris, Arabic Abusir. It now exists as a village under the last of these names and is to be distinguished from another similarly named town on the coast of Lydia. Busiris was the chief town of the Busirite nomos (Hierocles, Synecdemos 725,7) and became a see of Ægyptus Secunda. Its bishop, Hermæon, is mentioned at Nicæa (325) by Meletius, as one of his partisans. About this time there was united to the title of Busiris that of Kynos, from the important city of Lower Kynos (Athanas., "Apol. c. Arianos", lxxviii, in P.G.., XXV, 376). Its bishop, Athanasius, defended Dioscorus at the Latroecinium of Ephesus in 449, but apologized publicy at Chalcedon (Liberatus, Breviarium, xiv). From the seventh century on, the see is mentioned in the lists of the Greek patriarchate (Georgius Cyprius, 736), though its titulars belong really to the Jacobite patriarchate. Thus, in 742, its bishop, James, takes a part in the election of the Patriarch Michael I (Renaudot, "Hist. Patriarch. Alexandrin.", 207); a little later, under the same patriarch, its bishop, Peter, is mentioned (ibid., 227); we hear also of Severus, under Philotheus (979-1003) and of Chail, or Michael, and Mohna in the thirteenth century (ibid., 458, 569).
LEQUIEN, Or. Christ., II, 569,570; GAMS, Series episcop., 461. For the ruins at Abusir, see NAVILLE in the Seventh Mem. of the Egyptian Exploration Fund (London, 1890), 27.
L. Petit.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Buskins

From volume 3 of the work.
(Caligæ).
Ceremonial stockings of silk, sometimes interwoven with gold threads, and even heavily embroidered, worn by the celebrant of a pontifical Mass. Originally worn by priests, they were reserved about the eighth century for the exclusive use of bishops, a privilege recently extended to lesser prelates. In colour they correspond to the chasuble, but are never worn with black.
CATALANI, Cærem. Episcop. Comm. Illus. (Paris, 1860), I, 197-199; BERNARD, Le Pontifical (Paris, 1902), I, 17-18; MACALISTER, Ecclesiastical Vestments (London, 1896). 104-105.
John B. Peterson.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/St. Irenaeus

From volume 8 of the work.
Bishop of Lyons, and Father of the Church.
Information as to his life is scarce, and in some measure inexact. He was born in Proconsular Asia, or at least in some province bordering thereon, in the first half of the second century; the exact date is controverted, between the years 115 and 125, according to some, or, according to others, between 130 and 142. It is certain that, while still very young, Irenaeus had seen and heard the holy Bishop Polycarp (d. 155) at Smyrna. During the persecution of Marcus Aurelius, Irenaeus was a priest of the Church of Lyons. The clergy of that city, many of whom were suffering imprisonment for the Faith, sent him (177 or 178) to Rome with a letter to Pope Eleutherius concerning Montanism, and on that occasion bore emphatic testimony to his merits. Returning to Gaul, Irenaeus succeeded the martyr Saint Pothinus as Bishop of Lyons. During the religious peace which followed the persecution of Marcus Aurelius, the new bishop divided his activities between the duties of a pastor and of a missionary (as to which we have but brief data, late and not very certain) and his writings, almost all of which were directed against Gnosticism, the heresy then spreading in Gaul and elsewhere. In 190 or 191 he interceded with Pope Victor to lift the sentence of excommunication laid by that pontiff upon the Christian communities of Asia Minor which persevered in the practice of the Quartodecimans in regard to the celebration of Easter. Nothing is known of the date of his death, which must have occurred at the end of the second or the beginning of the third century. In spite of some isolated and later testimony to that effect, it is not very probable that he ended his career with martyrdom. His feast is celebrated on 28 June in the Latin Church, and on 23 August in the Greek.
Irenaeus wrote in Greek many works which have secured for him an exceptional place in Christian literature, because in controverted religious questions of capital importance they exhibit the testimony of a contemporary of the heroic age of the Church, of one who had heard St. Polycarp, the disciple of St. John, and who, in a manner, belonged to the Apostolic Age. None of these writings have come down to us in the original text, though a great many fragments of them are extant as citations in later writers (Hippolytus, Eusebius, etc.). Two of these works, however, have reached us in their entirety in a Latin version:
Of his other works only scattered fragments exist; many, indeed, are known only through the mention made of them by later writers, not even fragments of the works themselves having come down to us. These are
The four fragments which Pfaff published in 1715, ostensibly from a Turin manuscript, have been proven by Funk to be apocryphal, and Harnack has established the fact that Pfaff himself fabricated them. A. Poncelet.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/St. Ine

From volume 7 of the work.
(Ini or Ina).
King of West Saxons, d. 728. He was a son of the underking Cenred and ascended the West-Saxon throne in 688, a year before the death of his predecessor Caedwalla. For thirty-seven years he ruled over a turbulent and war-like people, and by virtue of a varied genius was equally successful as a warrior and legislator. His first efforts were directed towards establishing internal peace, and in the fifth year of his reign he drew up a set of laws which regulated the administration of justice and fixed the legal status of the various elapses of his subjects. With the exception of the Kentish laws this code is the earliest extant specimen of Anglo-Saxon legislation, and for that reason is of particular interest. When matters in his own realm had been adjusted, Ine turned his attention to Withred, King of Kent, and at the head of a formidable army demanded weregild for the death of Mul (for Mollo), brother of Caedwalla. Withred paid the full compensation-thirty thousand pounds of silver-and admitted the supremacy of the West-Saxon over all the country held by the English south of the Thames.
By successive conquests, Ine added several districts to the western provinces of his domain, and after a bitter war conquered Geraint, King of Cornwall, and built a fortress on the Tone, at the site of the present Taunton. Throughout his entire reign was particularly solicitous for the welfare of religion and religious establishment, founding many monasteries and endowing those already in existence. The Abbey of Glastonbury was erected by him, with the funds, it is thought, which came from the weregild collected from Withred. Other monastic establishments which were recipients of his bounty were those at Malmesbury, Wimborne, Nursling, Tisbury, Waltham, and Sherborne.
Worn out by his long rule, Ine determined to abdicate in favour of Æthelheard and Oswald, and to make his peace with God. In pursuance of this project, he convened the Witenagemot and formally announced his abdication. With his wife he proceeded to Rome, to watch and pray at the tomb of the Apostles in the guise of a poor and pious pilgrim. While there he founded a hospice or home for English pilgrims, in the district known as Burges Saxonum, the modern Borgo. Some historians trace the foundation of the English College at Rome back to this hospice. The memory of the hospice still lives in the Church of San Spirito in Sassia, formerly S. Maria in Saxia; it is thought that King Ine and his Queen Ethelburga, lie buried in this church or in the atrium of St. Peter's. They died blessing God that they had been allowed to lay their dust in the consecrated soil of Rome.
Anglo-Saxon Chron.ad ann. 688-728; LINGARD, History of England, I, iii; Mon. Hist. Brit., 723-5; Dict. Christ. Biog., s.v.
Stanley Quinn.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/St. Illtyd

From volume 7 of the work.
(Or ILTUTUS.)
Flourished in the latter part of the fifth and beginning of the sixth century, and was held in high veneration in Wales, where many churches were dedicated to him, chiefly in Glamorganshire. Born in Armorica, of Bicanys and Rieniguilida, sister of Emyr Llydaw, he was a grandnephew of St. Germanus, Bishop of Auxerre. According to one account he crossed to Britain and joined King Arthur's Court, and later went to Glamorgan, where he was miraculously converted by St. Cadoc. These details, however, rest on a late life of the saint (Cottonian MS., Vesp. A XIV). He is supposed to have been ordained by St. Dubricius, Bishop of Llandaff, and with the assistance of Meirchon, a Glamorgan chieftain, to have built a church and a monastery, which became a centre of learning, one of the three great monastic schools in the Diocese of Llandaff. Among the scholars who flocked thither were Sts. Gildas, Samson, and Maglorius, whose lives, written about 600 ("Acta SS. Ordinis S. Benedicti", Venice, 1733), constitute the earliest source of information on St. Illtyd. According to these, his school was situated on a small waste island, which, at his intercession, was miraculously reunited with the mainland, and was known as Llantilllyd Fawr, the Welsh form of Llantwit Major, Glamorganshire. The story of the miracle may have been inspired by the fact that the saint was skilled in agriculture, for he is supposed to have introduced among the Welsh better methods of ploughing, and to have helped them reclaim land from the sea. The legendary place of his burial is close by the chapel dedicated to him in Brecknockshire, and is called Bedd Gwyl Illtyd, or the "grave of St. Illtyd's eve", the old custom of having been to keep vigil there on the eve of his feast, which was celebrated 7 February. There is still to be seen in Llantwit Major a cross, probably on the ninth century, bearing the inscription: SAMSON POSUIT HANC CRUCEM PRO ANIMA EIUS ILITET SAMSON REGIS SAMUEL ERISAR.
F.M. RUDGE