OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Macmanus, Terence Bellew

​MACMANUS, TERENCE BELLEW (1823?–1860), Irish patriot, was born in Ireland, it is said in co. Fermanagh, about 1823, but he spent many years of his youth in Liverpool, where he engaged in business as a shipping agent. He was present at the meeting at the Hill of Tara in 1843, but first appeared in Irish politics as a member of the '82 Club, formed to carry on the work of agitation while O'Connell was in gaol in 1844. In 1848 he was one of those who joined in the 'physical force' movement. On the advice 01 Duffy and John Martin he quitted Dublin when Smith O'Brien took the field, and joined him and Dillon at Ballingarry on 25 July. Intrepid in temper, tall, and handsome in person, frank and soldierly in demeanour, he threw himself with enthusiasm into the short-lived Tipperary civil war, stood by O'Brien to the last, and fought in the battle or widow McCormick's cabbage-garden. He then tried to escape to Slievannon, where he hoped to join Thomas Francis Meagher [q. v.], and was concealed by the peasantry for some days, until he made his way to Cork. He had actually got on board a vessel bound for the United States when he was arrested. He was tried for high treason by the special commission at Clonmel along with Smith O'Brien and his confederates on 9 Oct., and was sentenced to death, and confined in Richmond Bridewell. This sentence was commuted to transportation for life, but the patriots availed themselves of a legal doubt whether it was competent to the crown to commute the penalty for high treason, and petitioned parliament against the bill, which was subsequently passed, to legalise the clemency of the crown in sparing their lives. He was transported to Van Diemen's Land in the sloop Swift, and reached the settlement in July 1849. In 1852, having been wrongly arrested upon a charge of breach of some police regulations and set at liberty by the magistrates, he considered his parole revoked, and escaped with Meagher to San Francisco, where he settled and endeavoured to resume his former business of a shipping agent. Either the habits of the far west were strange to him, or revolutions had unfitted him for peaceful commerce. He failed in his attempts, spent his last years in poverty, and died in 1860. His body was brought to Ireland, and, in spite of the opposition of Cardinal Paul Cullen [q. v]. and the leaders of the Roman church, was buried amid, nationalist demonstrations at Glasnevin cemetery, near Dublin, on 10 Nov. 1861.
[Webb's Compendium of Irish Biography; C. Gavan Duffy's Young Ireland; T. C. Luby's Reminiscences; Notes and Queries, 4th ser. x. 88; Times, 6, 7, 8, 12 Nov. 1861.]
J. A. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Maclonan, Flann

​MACLONAN, FLANN (d. 896), Irish historian and poet, was a native of northern Connaught, and belonged to the family afterwards known as MacGilla Cheallaigh, who were a sept of the Ui Fiachrach, the descendants of Fiachra, son of Eochaidh Muighmheadhoin, king of Ireland in the fourth century. His father was Lonan, son of Conmach, who was fifth in descent from that Guaire, king of Connaught, whose hospitality was so famous that to this day 'go fial Guaire,' 'as generous as Guaire,' is a common expression in Ireland. Flann wrote a poem on the five sons of Eochaidh Muighmheadhoin, which is remarkable as containing one of the few descriptions of poisoning in the bardic relations. Crimthann is killed by a sweet drink given to him by his sister Mongfind, who wishes her own son to be king. The oldest copy of this poem is that in the 'Book of Leinster,' a manuscript of the twelfth century. He afterwards migrated to Munster, and was there murdered in 896 at Loch Dachaech, co. ​Waterford, by the sons of Currbuidhe, of the Deisi. Two poems, of which later copies only exist, are probably by him. 1. On the defeat of Flann Sionna, king of Ireland in 879, by Lorcan, the grandfather of Brian Boroimhe [q. v.] 2. A panegyric on Lorcan, king of unster. In an ancient fragment of 'Annals,' recently printed by O'Grady from Egerton MS. 1782, a manuscript of the fifteenth century, it is stated his gains as a poet were large, so that 'Lonan's son won back in payment of his art a store no less than Guaire had squandered abroad.' The 'Four Masters' describe him as ' Virgil of the race of Scota, chief poet of the Gael, the best poet that was in Ireland in his time.'
[Book of Leinster, Boy. Irish Acad, facsimile, fo1. 150 b, line 26; Annals of Ulster, ed. W. M. Hennesey, i. 413; Annala Rioghachta Eireann, ed. J. O'Donovan, i. 548; E. O'Reilly in Transactions of Iberno-Celtic Soc. 1820; S. H. O'Grady's Silva Gadelica, i. 400, ii. 436, London, 1892.]
N. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Macliac, Muircheartach

Muirchertach in the ODNB.
​MACLIAC, MUIRCHEARTACH (d. 1015), Irish poet, was a native of Connaught, and became chief poet to Brian Boroimhe [q. v.] He was son of Cuceartach, also called Maelceartach. A quatrain, quoted by the O'Clerys (Annals, ii. 786) as the first he composed, refers to himself, 'Muircheartach beg mac Maoilcertaigh baoi ag iongaire na mbo' ('Little Muircheartach, son of Maelceartach, was herding cows'). It is related of him that, like some of the Irish saints, he carried a bell. He accompanied Brian to the battle of Clontarf in 1014, and a lament for the king, 'A Chinncoradh, caidi Brian,' ('Oh! Eincora, where is Brian?'), of which many manuscript copies exist, and which is printed in Harcuman s 'Irish Minstrelsy,' ii. 197, was considered by so good a scholar as Nicholas O'Gara to be genuine, and was inserted in the collection made by him in 1650. The oldest existing manuscript of a poem attributed to Mac Liac is in the 'Book of Leinster,' a twelfth-century manuscript (fol. 152, col. a, line 6). The verses, which occupy a whole column of the manuscript, are found in a sort of corpus poetarum, extending through sixty-six columns (fol. 129-54), and including the works of such well-known authors as Gillaccemuim (A.D. 1050), the translator of Nennius, Flann Mainistrech. (d. 1056) [q. v.], Maelmura Othna (d. 886) [q. v.] and Kineth O'Hartigan (d. 975) [q. v.] The last sixteen lines of the corpus are attributed to the heroic Ossin; but there seems no reason for doubting the authenticity of those poems which bear the names of authors not two centuries old at the date of the actual transcription of the manuscript. The last couplet but one is 'Rochabra in comdui can cheis mac liac linne nan eices' ('The Lord succoured without sorrow Mac Liac of the line of the learned'). The poem is a legend of Cam Conaill. Several other poems, of which less ancient copies exist, are attributed to Mac Liac, but require careful investigation before their authorship can be satisfactorily determined. They are described by O'Curry (Manners and Customs of the Ancient Irish, ii. 120) and by O'Reilly (Chronological Account of Irish Writers, p. 70). Macliac died in 1015. He had a son, Cumara, who died in 1030, and a son of Cumara was slain by Tadhg O'Maelruanaidh in 1048.
[Annala Rioghachta Eireann, ed. J. O'Donovan, vol. ii.; Book of Leinster, facsimile published by Royal Irish Academy.]
N. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Macleod, Mary

​MACLEOD, MARY (1569–1674), Gaelic poetess, called 'poetess of the Isles,' and in Gaelic 'Mairi Nighean Alasdair Ruaidh,' born in 1569 at Rowdil, Harris, was daughter of Red Alastair, and through him connected with the chiefs of the Macleods. In one of her poems she claims to have nursed five lairds of the Macleods and two lairds of Applecross. Most of her life was spent at Dunvegan, Skye, but at one time she was exiled by her chief to Mull for being too profuse in her praise of his relative, Sir Norman Macleod of Bernera [q. v.] She was afterwards recalled to Dunvegan and died there in 1674. Only a few of her poems, mostly laudations of the Macleods, have been preserved.
[Mackenzie's History of the Macleods, p. 244; Mackenzie's Beauties of Gaelic Poetry, p. 20; Blackie's Language and Literature of the Scottish Highlands, p. 100; MacNeill's Literature of the Highlanders, p. 169.]
J. R. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lorkin, Thomas

​LORKIN, THOMAS (1528?–1591), regius professor of physic at Cambridge, son of Thomas Lorkin, by Joan Huxley, was born at Frindsbury in Kent about 1528. He matriculated at Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, 12 Nov. 1549, graduated B.A. 1551–1552, and proceeded M.A. 1555, and was created M.D. 1560. He was at first a fellow of Queens' College, but from 15 Nov. 1554 till 1562 was fellow of Peterhouse. On 21 April 1564 he was created regius professor of physic; he was respondent in the physic act kept before the queen in the same year, and in 1590 he obtained a grant of arms for the five regius professors. From 1572 till 1585 he was rector of Little Waltham in Essex. He had subscribed when young to the Roman catholic articles, and in later years opposed puritan preaching in the university. Lorkin died 1 May 1591, and was buried in Great St. Mary's Church, Cambridge, where there is an epitaph upon him. He married Catherine, daughter of John Hatcher, and left ​five daughters, one of whom married Edward Lively [q. v.], regius professor of Hebrew. He died in 1591, and left by his will certain estates in remainder to Pembroke Hall, Queens' College, and Peterhouse, and his books on physic to the university library. About 140 volumes reached the library in December 1594. Lorkin wrote ‘Recta Regula et Victus ratio pro studiosis et literatis,’ London, 1562, 8vo. His ‘Carmen Latinum decastichon’ is prefixed to the manuscript ‘Historia Anglicana’ by John Herd [q. v.], which forms Cotton. MS. Julius, C. ii. 136.
Another Thomas Lorkyn (d. 1625) graduated B.A. from Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1600–1, proceeded M.A. 1604, and was incorporated at Oxford 30 Aug. 1605. He accompanied Thomas, afterwards Sir Thomas, Puckering on his travels 1611–13, and in 1619–20 he journeyed with the second son of Robert Cary, earl of Monmouth. In 1623 he was secretary to the embassy at Paris which negotiated the marriage of Prince Charles and Henrietta Maria. After their separation he continued to correspond with Puckering, and many of his letters appear in ‘Court and Times of James I.’ Two addressed to the Earl of Carlisle are in the British Museum (Eg. MS. 2596, ff. 57, 112). He was drowned in a Channel storm about November 1625.
[Cooper's Athenæ Cantabr. ii. 102, 545; Newcourt's Repertorium, ii. 21; Foster's Alumni Oxon. 1500–1714; Strype's Annals of the Reformation, vol. iii. pt. i. p. 645.]
W. A. J. A.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lorrain, Paul

​LORRAIN, PAUL (d. 1719), ordinary of Newgate, may, from the fact that he translated several small religious works by Muret and others from the French, coupled with his name and his ability to speak French (Confession of J. P. Dramatti), be safely inferred to have been of Huguenot extraction. He was educated at neither of the English universities, but describes himself as presbyter of the church of England. He was appointed ordinary of Newgate prison in September 1698, his predecessor, Samuel Smith, subject of a witty elegy and epitaph by Tom Brown (Works, iv. 41), having died on 24 Aug. in that year. From his appointment until 1719 he compiled the official accounts of the dying speeches of criminals condemned to capital punishment; forty-eight of these broadsheets are in the British Museum. The confessions, to which are prefixed abstracts of Lorrain's ‘funeral sermons,’ are generally headed ‘The Ordinary of Newgate, his Account of the Behaviour, Confession, and last Speech of X.,’ &c. They were issued at eight o'clock on the morning following the execution, and signed Paul Lorrain, the public being warned against counterfeits and unauthorised accounts. Among the most notorious felons whom Lorrain attended to the scaffold were Captain Kidd, Captain T. Smith, James Sheppard, Deborah Churchill, and Jack Hill (Ashton, Social Life in Reign of Anne, 1883, p. 416). On some occasions fifteen or even twenty condemned persons were executed at once, and the confessions are proportionately abridged. In a joint letter from Pope and Bolingbroke to Swift, dated December 1725, the ‘late ordinary’ is described ironically as the ‘great historiographer.’ The penitence of his clients is always described as so heartfelt that the latter are playfully called by Steele ‘Lorrain's Saints’ (Tatler, No. 63; cf. Spectator, No. 338). Lorrain died at his house in Town Ditch on 7 Oct. 1719 (Mist's Weekly Journal, 10 Oct. s.a.). He is said to have left 5,000l. (ib. 17 Oct.), and his post, which was in the gift of the lord mayor and court of aldermen, was keenly contested until 20 Nov., when ‘Mr. Purney, a young sucking divine of twenty-four years of age,’ was elected ‘at the recommendation of the very Orthodox Bishop of P——’ (The Orphan Reviv'd; Powell's Weekly Journal, 21 Nov. 1719).
Besides several sermons, including one on ‘Popery near akin to Paganism and Atheism,’ dedicated to Harley (1712), and a translation of Muret's ‘Rites of Funeral’ (1683), Lorrain brought out in 1702 a little book, entitled ‘The Dying Man's Assistant,’ dedicated to Sir Thomas Abney, Lord Mayor, in addition to which he published and advertised on the vacant spaces of his ‘Confessions’ various small manuals of medicine, devotion, corn-cutting, &c.—probably his own compilations.
T. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lord, Thomas

​LORD, THOMAS (fl. 1796), ornithologist, was a protégé of the Rev. Matthew William Peters, R.A., and under his ‘inspec​tion and patronage’ published at London, in folio numbers, from 1791 until 1796, a work entitled ‘Lord's Entire New System of Ornithology, or Oecumenical History of British Birds,’ consisting of 114 plates painted and engraved by Lord himself, with a brief descriptive text revised by Dr. Dupree, master of Berkhampstead grammar school. The figures are mostly life-size. The book is now rare. In October 1796 Lord was living at 6 Lambeth Road, near the Obelisk.
[Lord's Entire New System.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lorimer, Peter

​LORIMER, PETER (1812–1879), presbyterian divine, born in Edinburgh in 1812, was the eldest son of John Lorimer, builder. He was educated at the high school and George Heriot's Hospital in that city, whence he proceeded with a bursary to the university of Edinburgh in 1827. In 1836 he was ordained minister of the presbyterian church, River Terrace, London, which was then in connection with the church of Scotland. After the secession of 1843 he, with his congregation, joined the synod at Berwick in 1844. On the establishment of the English Presbyterian College, London, in 1844, he was appointed professor of theology, and was made its first principal in 1878. The college of New Jersey conferred on him in June 1857 the degree of D.D. He died on 29 July 1879 at Whitehaven, Cumberland, and was buried in the Grange cemetery at Edinburgh. By his marriage in 1840 to Miss Hannah Fox (1817–1884) of Whitehaven he had a son, John Archibald, surgeon, of Farnham, Surrey, and a daughter, Annie, the wife of James Austin, barrister.
Lorimer's most important work was ‘John Knox and the Church of England,’ 8vo, London, 1875, a monograph founded upon the Knox papers preserved among the Morrice MSS. in Dr. Williams's Library. Appended is ‘The Life and Death of Mr. William Whittingham, Deane of Durham,’ printed from Anthony à Wood's MSS. in the Bodleian Library.
His other works are:
* ‘Healthy Religion exemplified in the Life of … Andrew Jack of Edinburgh,’ 8vo, Edinburgh, 1852.
* ‘Precursors of Knox; or, Memoirs of Patrick Hamilton … Alexander Alane or Alesius … and Sir David Lindsay of the Mount,’ &c., 8vo, Edinburgh, 1857 (embodied in J. A. Wylie's ‘Ter-Centenary of the Scottish Reformation,’ 8vo, Edinburgh, 1860, as ‘The Precursors of Knox—On the Learning and Enlightened Views of the Scottish Reformers’).
* ‘The Scottish Reformation: a Historical Sketch,’ 8vo, London and Glasgow, 1860.
* ‘The Function of the Four Gospels viewed in connection with Recent Criticism,’ 8vo, London, 1869.
* ‘A Good and Faithful Servant. Memoir of the Rev. Archibald Jack of South Shields,’ 8vo, Edinburgh, 1871.
* ‘The Evidential Value of the Early Epistles of St. Paul viewed as Historical Documents,’ 8vo, London, 1874 (also in series v. of lectures published by the Christian Evidence Society).
* ‘The Evidence to Christianity arising from its Adaptation to all the Deeper Wants of the Human Heart,’ 8vo, London, 1875 (also in series iii. of the Christian Evidence Society's lectures, 1880).
He also translated from the German, with additional notes, G. V. Lechler's ‘John Wiclif and his English Precursors,’ 2 vols. 8vo, London, 1878; other editions in one vol. 1881 and 1884. He edited, with notes, M. Stuart's ‘Critical History of the Old Testament Canon,’ 8vo, 1849, and wrote an introduction, under the signature of ‘P. L.,’ to the reprint of Thomas Cartwright's ‘Directory of Church Government,’ 4to, 1872.
[Notes kindly supplied by Mrs. Austin (née Lorimer); Edinburgh Daily Review; Edinburgh Weekly Review; Times, 31 July 1879, p. 5, col. 6; Edinburgh Courant, 1 Aug. 1879, p. 5; Brit. Mus. Cat.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lorte, Roger

Sir Roger Lort in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
​LORTE, Sir ROGER (1608–1664), Latin poet, born in 1608, was eldest son of Henry Lorte of Stackpole Court in the parish of St. Petrox, Pembrokeshire. On 3 Nov. 1626 he matriculated at Oxford from Wadham College, graduated B.A. on 11 June 1627, and during the same year became a student of the Middle Temple (Foster, Alumni Oxon. 1500–1714, iii. 939). Upon the outbreak of the civil war Lorte aided the Earl of Carbery in promoting the royal cause in Pembrokeshire (Phillips, Civil War in Wales, i. 164). On 19 April 1643 the House of Commons ordered that he be forthwith sent for as a delinquent (Commons' Journals, iii. 52). He eventually made submission, and after consenting to serve on the parliamentary committees for Pembrokeshire, Carmarthenshire, and Cardiganshire, he was freed from all delinquency, and restored to his estate and goods (ib. iii. 570). In March 1649 Lorte along with his brother Sampson, undertook to victual all ships that arrived at Milford or Tenby (Cal. State Papers, Dom. 1649–50, p. 39). He was actively engaged as a justice of the peace or a committee man until 1656 (ib. 1649–50 pp. 181, 574, 1655 pp. 94, 287), but when the Restoration seemed inevitable he became loyal again and was rewarded with a baronetcy on 31 Jan. 1662 (ib. 1661–2, p. 260). He died in 1664, and was buried in St. Petrox church (will proved on 4 May 1664, registered in P.C.C. 143, Bruce). He married, first, by license dated 3 May 1632, Hester Annesley, daughter of Francis, lord Mount Norris (Chester, London Marriage Licences, ed. Foster, col. 859), and secondly, Joan, daughter of Humphrey Wyndham of Dunraven, Glamorganshire, who remarried Sir Edward Mansel, and left two sons and four daughters. His son John (1637?–1678) succeeded him. In 1646 Lorte published at London a slender quarto, now excessively rare, entitled ‘Epigrammatum liber primus.’ Of this book, which Wood was unable to find, there is a copy in the British Museum. The epigrams are not destitute of point.
[Wood's Athenæ Oxon. (Bliss), iii. 232; Burke's Extinct Baronetage, p. 322; Gardiner's Registers of Wadham Coll. pt. i. p. 76; Phillips's Civil War in Wales; Hazlitt's Collections and Notes, 2nd ser. p. 366.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Pateshull, Hugh de

​PATESHULL, HUGH de (d. 1241), bishop of Coventry and Lichfield, son, and apparently heir, of Simon de Pateshull (d. 1217?) [q. v.], judge, was a clerk of the exchequer, and received the seal of the court, holding the office called somewhat later the chancellorship of the exchequer. He appears to have belonged to the baronial party in the reign of John, and, his father being then dead, received restitution of his lands in 2 Hen. III. He received several benefices, holding in Northamptonshire the churches of Church Stowe, Ettingdon, and Cottingham (Bridges), and was a prebendary of St. Paul's, London. On 1 June 1234 he was, against his will, made treasurer of the kingdom in place of Peter de Rievaulx [q. v.], receiving a grant of a hundred marks as stipend. He bore a high character for honourable dealing, and discharged the duties of his office faithfully. The see of Lichfield having fallen vacant in 1238, and a double election having been made by the canons of Lichfield, who chose William of Manchester, and the monks of Coventry, who chose Nicholas of Farnham [q. v.], and both the elect having declined the see, the king ordered a new election, and Hugh was chosen unanimously about Christmas 1239. He took a moving farewell of the barons of the exchequer, telling them that he left the exchequer because God had called him to the cure of souls; they all wept, and he kissed each of them (Paris, Chronica Majora, iv. 2). He was consecrated at Newark, near Guildford, on 1 July 1240. He opposed the monks of Coventry, who formed one of his two chapters, probably with reference to the episcopal right of visitation (comp. ib. p. 171 with Annales Monastici, iii. 143, 152). In 1241 he went a pilgrimage to the shrines of St. Edmund and other saints, and on its termination attended a council of bishops held at Oxford. On his return thence he died at Potterspury, Northamptonshire, on 8 Dec., and was buried before the altar of St. Stephen in his cathedral at Lichfield, in which he had founded the prebend of Colwich, endowing it with the impropriation and advowson of Colwich in Staffordshire.
W. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Paterson, Nathaniel

​PATERSON, NATHANIEL, D.D. (1787–1871), author, was born in the parish of Kells, Kirkcudbrightshire, in 1787, and was the eldest son of Walter Paterson, stone-engraver, and grandson of Robert Paterson [q. v.], ‘Old Mortality.’ His mother was Mary Locke. He was educated at Balmaclellan, where the only prize he is known to have gained was one for cock-fighting, then a recognised school sport. In 1804, when sixteen years of age, he matriculated at Edinburgh University, and studied for the ministry of the church of Scotland. In 1821 he became minister of Galashiels, where he wrote ‘The Manse Garden’ (Glasgow, 1836), a work which passed through many editions. He enjoyed the friendship of Sir Walter Scott, but after a time explained to Scott that the invitations to Abbotsford being usually for Saturday, his preparation for Sunday services was interfered with. Sir Walter took no offence, but thenceforth invited him on some earlier day of the week. On 8 Feb. 1825 he married Margaret, daughter of Robert Laidlaw, Scott's friend, and George Thomson, the Dominie Sampson of ‘Guy Mannering,’ was one of his most constant visitors. In 1833 he was translated to the charge of St. Andrew's parish church, Glasgow. When, in 1843, the disruption took place in the church of Scotland, Paterson followed Dr. Chalmers; and in the autumn of that year he formed one of a deputation to the north of England to explain the principles of the free church and plead its cause. In 1844 he visited the southern counties. At the same time the many members of his congregation who with him joined the free church formed the congregation known as Free St. Andrew's, Glasgow, of which he remained minister till his death. In 1850 he was chosen moderator of the free church assembly, the highest honour which that church can bestow. His appear​ance in his later years was highly picturesque. His hair fell on his shoulders in wavy curls white as snow. He died at Glasgow on 25 April 1871. All his life occupied actively with ministry, Dr. Paterson had also a keen interest in angling and mechanics. He was a man of great geniality and courtesy, and did much for the progress of the free church in the west of Scotland. He published several sermons and tracts. His portrait, by John J. Napier, was exhibited in the ‘Old Glasgow’ exhibition held in Glasgow in 1894.
W. G. B-k.