# An Illustrated Flora of the Northern United States, Canada and the British Possessions/Abbreviations of the Names of Authors

Please note that the botanical author abbreviations used in this document are not necessarily the same as the standard botanical author abbreviations used today. Likewise, note that the spellings of author names in this document are not necessarily accepted spellings. However, the author pages to which the names on this page link should contain a valid spelling of the name. This list does not include many of the botanical authors cited in this book whose surnames are short enough not to require abbreviation.
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

## A

| A. Benn. | Bennett, Arthur. |
| A. Br. | Braun, Alexander. |
| Adans. | Adanson, Michel. |
| Ait. | Aiton, William. |
| Ait. f. | Aiton, William Townsend. |
| All. | Allioni, Carlo. |
| Anders. | Andersson, Nils Johan. |
| Andr. | Andrews, Henry C. |
| Andrz. | Andrzejowski, Antoni Lukianowicz. |
| Angs. | Angstrom, Johan. |
| Ard. | Arduino, Luigi. |
| Arn. | Arnott, George Arnold Walker. |
| Aschers. | Ascherson, Paul Friedrich August. |
| Asch. & Graebn. | Ascherson, P. F. A. and Graebner, Paul. |
| Aubl. | Aublet, Jean Baptiste Christophore Fusee. |
| Aust. | Austin, Coe Finch. |

## B

| Bab. | Babington, Charles Cardale. |
| Baldw. | Baldwin, William. |
| Baill. | Baillon, Henri. |
| Bartl. | Bartling, Friedrich Gottlieb. |
| Bart. | Barton, William P. C. |
| Bartr. | Bartram, John. |
| Beauv. | Palisot de Beauvois, A. M. F. J. |
| Benth. | Bentham, George. |
| Benth. & Hook. | Bentham, George. and Hooker, Joseph Dalton. |
| Berch. | Berchtold, Friedrich von. |
| Bernh. | Bernhardi, Johann Jacob. |
| Bess. | Besser, Wilhelm S. J. G. von. |
| Bieb. | Bieberstein, F. A. M. von. |
| Bigel. | Bigelow, Jacob. |
| Bisch. | Bischoff, Gottlieb Wilhelm. |
| Biv. | Bivona-Bernardi, Antonio. |
| Boeckl. | Boeckeler, Otto. |
| Boehm. | Boehmer, George Rudolf. |
| Boiss. | Boissier, Edmond. |
| Borck. | Borckhausen, Moritz Balthazar. |
| Brack. | Brackinridge, William D. |
| Brew. | Brewer, William Henry. |
| Britt. | Britton, N. L. |
| B. S. P. | Britton, N. L.; Sterns, Emerson Alexander; Poggenburg, Justus. |
| Brongn. | Brongniart, Adolphe Theodore. |
| Brat. | Brotero, Felix de Avellar. |
| Bllch. | Buchenau, Franz. |
| Buckl. | Buckley, Samuel Botsford. |
| Burgsd. | Burgsdorff, Friedrich August Ludwig von. |

## C

| Carr. | Carriere, Élie Abel. |
| Casp. | Caspary, Robert. |
| Cass. | Cassini, Henri. |
| Cav. | Cavanilles, Antonio Jose. |
| Celak. | Celakowsky, Ladislav. |
| Cerv. | Cervantes, Vicente. |
| Cham. | Chamisso, Adalbert von. |
| C. & S.,   Cham. & Sch. | Chamisso and Schlechtendahl. |
| Chapm. | Chapman, Alvan Wentworth. |
| Chois. | Choisy, Jacques Denis. |
| C. Chr. | Christensen, Carl. |
| Clairv. | Clairville, Joseph Philippe de. |
| Clayt. | Clayton, John. |
| Cogn. | Cogniaux, Alfred. |
| Coult. (Dips.) | Coulter, Thomas. |
| Coult. | Coulter, John Merle. |
| C. & R. | Coulter, J. M., and Rose, Joseph Nelson. |

## D

| Darl. | Darlington, William. |
| Davenp. | Davenport, George Edward. |
| DC. | De Candolle, Augustin Pyramus. |
| A. DC. | De Candolle, Alphonse. |
| Decne. | Decaisne, Joseph. |
| Desf. | Desfontaine, Rene Louiche. |
| Desr. | Desroussoux, Louis Auguste Joseph. |
| Desv. | Desvaux, Nicaise Augustin. |
| Dicks. | Dickson, James. |
| Dietr. | Dietrich, David Nathaniel Friedrich. |
| Dill. | Dillen, John Jacob. |
| Dougl. | Douglas, David. |
| Drej. | Drejer, Saloman Thomas Nicolai. |
| Dryand. | Dryander, Jonas. |
| Dufr. | Dufresne, Pierre. |
| Dumort. | Dumortier, Barthelemy Charles. |
| Duperr. | Duperry, Louis Isidore. |
| Durazz. | Durazzini. |

## E

| Eat. | Eaton, Amos. |
| Eat. & Wr. | Eaton, Amos, and Wright, John. |
| Eberm. | Ebermaier, Karl Heinrich. |
| Eggl. | Eggleston, Willard Webster. |
| Ehrh. | Ehrhart, Friedrich. |
| Ell. | Elliott, Stephen. |
| Endl. | Endlicher, Stephen Ladislaus. |
| Engelm. | Engelmann, George. |
| Esch. | Escholtz, Johann Friedrich. |

## F

| Fabr. | Fabricius, Philipp Konrad. |
| Fisch. | Fischer, Friedrich Ernst Ludwig von. |
| F. & M. | Fischer and Meyer, C. A. |
| Foug. | Fougeroux, Auguste Denis. |
| Forsk. | Forskal, Pehr. |
| Forst. | Forster, Johann Reinhold and George. |
| Fourr. | Fourreau, Jules. |
| Fresen. | Fresenius, Johann Baptist Georg Wolfgang. |
| Froel. | Froelich, Joseph Aloys. |

## G

| Gaert. | Gaertner, Joseph. |
| Gaertn. f. | Gaertner, Carl Friedrich. |
| Gal. | Galeotti, Henri. |
| Gaud. | Gaudichaud-Beaupre, Charles. |
| Gey. | Geyer, Carl Andreas. |
| Gill. | Gillies, John. |
| Ging. | Gingins de Lassaraz, Frederic Charles Jean. |
| Glox. | Gloxin, Benjamin Peter. |
| Gmel. | Gmelin, Samuel Gottlieb. |
| Gmel. J. F. | Gmelin, Johann Friedrich. |
| Gooden. | Goodenough, Samuel. |
| Gren. & Godr. | Grenier, Charles, and Godron, D. A. |
| Grev. | Greville, Robert Kaye. |
| Griseb. | Grisebach, Heinrich Rudolf August. |
| Gronov. | Gronovius, Jan Frederik. |
| Guss. | Gussone, Giovanni. |

## H

| Hack. | Hackel, Eduard. |
| Hall. | Haller, Albert von. |
| Hamilt. | Hamilton, William. |
| Hartm. | Hartman, Carl Johann. |
| Hassk. | Hasskarl, Justus Carl. |
| Hausskn. | Haussknecht, Carl. |
| Haw. | Haworth, Adrian Hardy. |
| HBK. | Humboldt, Friedrich Alexander von; Bonpland, Aime, and Kunth, Carl Siegesmund. |
| Hegelm. | Hegelmaier, Friedrich. |
| Hedw. f. | Hedwig, Romanus Adolf. |
| Hell. | Hellenius, Carl Niclas. |
| Heist. | Heister, Lorenz. |
| Herb. | Herbert, William. |
| Hitchc. | Hitchcock, Albert Spear. |
| Hochst. | Hochstetter, Christian Friedrich. |
| Hoffm. | Hoffman, George Franz. |
| Hoffmg. | Hoffmansegg, Johann Centurius. |
| Hols. | Holzinger, Johann Michael. |
| Holl. | Hollick, Arthur. |
| Hook. | Hooker, William Jackson. |
| H. & A. | Hooker, W. J., and Arnott, George A. Walker. |
| Hook. f. | Hooker, Joseph Dalton. |
| Hornem. | Hornemann, Jens Wilken. |
| Huds. | Hudson, William. |

## I

| Irm. | Irmisch, Thilo. |

## J

| Jacq. | Jacquin, Nicholas Joseph. |
| Juss. | Jussieu, Antoine Laurent. |
| A. Juss. | Jussieu, Adrien de. |
| B. Juss. | Jussieu, Bernard de. |

## K

| Karst. | Karsten, H. |
| Kit. | Kitaibel, Paul. |
| Kl. | Klotsch, Johann Friedrich. |
| Kuehl. | Kühlwein. |

## L

| L. | Linnaeus, Carolus, or Carl von Linne. |
| L. f. | Linne, Carl von (the son). |
| L'Her. | L'Heritier de Brutelle, Charles Louis. |
| Laest. | Laestadius, Lars Levi. |
| Lag. | Lagasca, Mariano. |
| Lall. | Lallemant, Charles. |
| Lam. | Lamarck, Jean Baptiste Antoine Pierre Monnet. |
| Lamb. | Lambert, Aylmer Bourke. |
| L. C. Rich. | Richard, Louis Claude Marie. |
| Leavenw. | Leavenworth, Melines C. |
| Ledeb. | Ledebour, Carl Friedrich von. |
| Lehm. | Lehmann, Johann Georg Christian. |
| Le Peyr. | Le Peyrouse, Philippe. |
| Lepech. | Lepechin, Ivan. |
| Lesp. & They. | Lespinasse, G., and Theveneau, A. |
| Less. | Lessing, Christian Friedrich. |
| Lestib. | Lestiboudois, Francois Joseph. |
| Lightf. | Lightfoot, John. |
| Lilj. | Liljeblad, Samuel. |
| Lindl. | Lindley, John. |
| Lodd. | Loddiges, Conrad. |
| Loefi. | Loefling, Pehr. |
| Lois. | Loiseleur-Deslongechamps, Jean Louis Auguste. |
| Loud. | Loudon, John Claudius. |
| Lour. | Loureiro, Juan. |

## M

| Mack. | Mackenzie, Kenneth K. |
| MacM. | MacMillan, Conway. |
| Marsh. | Marshall, Humphrey. |
| Mars. | Marsson, Theodor. |
| Mart. | Martens, Martin. |
| Mart. & Gal. | Martens, Martin, and Galeotti, Henri. |
| Max. | Maximilian, Alexander Philipp, Prince of Wied. |
| Maxim. | Maximowicz, Carl Johann. |
| Medic. | Medicus, Friedrich Cassimir. |
| Meisn. | Meisner, Carl Friedrich. |
| Mer. | Merat, Francois Victor. |
| Mert. & Koch.,  M. & K. | Mertens, Franz Karl, and Koch, Wilhelm Daniel Joseph. |
| Mett. | Mettenius, George Heinrich. |
| Mey. | Meyer, Ernest Heinrich Friedrich. |
| Michx. | Michaux, Andre. |
| Michx. f. | Michaux, Francois Andre. |
| Mill. | Miller, Philip. |
| Millsp. | Millspaugh, Charles Frederic. |
| Mitch. | Mitchell, John. |
| Mont. | Montagne, Jean Frangois Camille. |
| Moric. | Moricand, Moise Etienne. |
| Moq. | Moquin-Tandon, Alfred. |
| Muell. Arg. | Müller, Jean, of Aargau. |
| Muench. | Muenchhausen, Otto von. |
| Muhl. | Muhlenberg, Heinrich Ludwig. |
| Murr. | Murray, Johann Andreas. |

## N

| Neck. | Necker, Noel Joseph de. |
| Newm. | Newman, Edward. |
| Nestl. | Nestler, Christian Gottfried. |
| Nutt. | Nuttall, Thomas. |

## O

| Ort. | Ortega, Casimiro Gomez . |

## P

| Pall. | Pallas, Peter Simon. |
| Parl. | Parlatore, Filippo. |
| P. Br. | Browne, Patrick. |
| Pers. | Persoon, Christian Hendrik. |
| Planch. | Planchon, Jules Emile. |
| Plum. | Plumier, Charles. |
| Pair. | Poiret, Jean Louis Marie. |
| Poll. | Pollich, Johann Adam. |
| Pourr. | Pourret, Pierre Andre. |
| Prantl. | Prantl, Karl Anton Eugen. |

## R

| R. Br. | Brown, Robert. |
| Raf. | Rafinesque-Schmaltz, Constantino Samuel. |
| Redf. & Rand. | Redfield, John H., and Rand, Edward S. |
| Reichb. | Reichenbach, Heinrich Gottlieb Ludwig. |
| Retz. | Retzius. Anders Johan. |
| Rich. | Richard, Louis Claude. |
| Richards. | Richardson, John. |
| Ridd. | Riddell, John L. |
| Rivin. | Rivinus, August Quirinus. |
| Robb. | Robbins, J. W. |
| Roem. | Roemer, Johann Jacob. |
| R. & S. | Roemer, J. J., and Schultes, Joseph August. |
| Roem. & Ust. | Roemer, J. J., and Usteri, Paulus. |
| Rostk. | Rostkovius, Friedrich Wilhelm Gottlieb. |
| Rottb. | Rottboell, Christen Fries. |
| Roxb. | Roxburgh, William. |
| R.& P. | Ruiz, Lopez Hipolito, and Pavon, Josef. |
| Rupp. | Ruppius, Heinrich Bernhard. |
| Rupr. | Ruprecht, Franz J. |
| Rydb. | Rydberg, Per Axel. |

## S

| St. Hil. | St. Hilaire, August de. |
| Salisb. | Salisbury, Richard Anthony. |
| Sarg. | Sargent, Charles Sprague. |
| Sartw. | Sartwell, Henry P. |
| Sav. | Savi, Gaetano. |
| Schk. | Schkuhr, Christian. |
| Schlecht. | Schlechtendal, Diedrich Franz Leonhard von. |
| Schleich. | Schleicher, J. C. |
| Schleid. | Schleiden, Matthias Jacob. |
| Schrad. | Schrader, Heinrich Adolph. |
| Schreb. | Schreber, Johann Christian Daniel von. |
| Schult. | Schultes, Joseph August. |
| Sch. Bip. | Schultz Bipontinus, Karl Heinrich. |
| Schum. | Schumacher, Christian Friedrich. |
| Schwein. | Schweinitz, Lewis David von. |
| Scop. | Scopoli, Johann Anton. |
| Scribn. | Scribner, Frank Lamson. |
| Scribn. & Ryd. | Scribner, F. L., and Rydberg, P. A. |
| Ser. | Seringe, Nicolas Charles. |
| Seub. | Seubert, Moritz. |
| Sheld. | Sheldon, Edmund P. |
| Shuttlw. | Shuttleworth, Robert. |
| Sibth. | Sibthorp, John. |
| Sieb. & Zucc. | Siebold, Philipp Franz von, and Zuccarini, Joseph Gerhard. |
| Soland. | Solander, Daniel. |
| Spreng. | Sprengel, Kurt. |
| Steud. | Steudel, Ernest Gottlieb. |
| Stev. | Steven, Christian. |
| Sudw. | Sudworth, George B. |
| Sw. | Swartz, Olof. |
| S. Wats. | Watson, Sereno. |

## T

| Thuill. | Thuillier, Jean Louis. |
| Thunb. | Thunberg, Carl Peter. |
| Thurb. | Thurber, George. |
| Torr. | Torrey, John. |
| Torr. & Schw. | Torrey, J., and Schweinitz, L. D. |
| Torr. & Hook. | Torrey, John, and Hooker, William Jackson. |
| Tourn. | Tournefort, Joseph Pitton de. |
| Tratt. | Trattinnick, Leopold. |
| Trel. | Trelease, William. |
| Traut. | Trautvetter, Ernest Rudolph. |
| Trin. | Trinius, Karl Bernhard. |
| Trin. & Rupr. | Trinius, Karl B., and Ruprecht, F. J. |
| Tuckerm. | Tuckerman, Edward. |
| Turcz. | Turczaninow, Nicolaus. |

## U

| Underw. | Underwood, Lucien Marcus. |

## V

| Vaill. | Vaillant, Sebastien. |
| Veil. | Velloso, Jose Marianne de Conceiçao. |
| Vent. | Ventenat, Etienne Pierre. |
| Vill. | Villars, Dominique. |

## W

| Wahl. | Wahlenberg, Georg. |
| Wahlb. | Wahlenberg, Pehr Friedrich. |
| W. & K. | Waldstein, Franz Adam von, and Kitaibal, Paul. |
| Wallr. | Wallroth, Karl Friedrich Wilhelm. |
| Walp. | Walpers, Wilhelm Gerhard. |
| Walt. | Walter, Thomas. |
| Wang. | Wangenheim, Friedrich Adam Julius von. |
| Wats. & Coult. | Watson, Sereno, and Coulter, John Merle. |
| Web. | Weber, Friedrich. |
| Wedd. | Weddell, H. A. |
| Weinm. | Weinmann, J. A. |
| Wender. | Wenderoth, George Wilhelm Franz. |
| Wendl. | Wendland, Johann Christoph. |
| Wettst. | Wettstein, R. von. |
| Wigg. | Wiggers, Friedrich Heinrich. |
| Willd. | Willdenow, Carl Ludwig. |
| Wimm. | Wimmer, Friedrich. |
| Wisliz. | Wislizenus, A. |
| With. | Withering, William. |
| Wolfg. | Wolfgang, Jan. |
| Woodv. | Woodville, William. |
| Wormsk. | Wormskiold, M. von. |
| Wr. | Wright. John. |
| Wulf. | Wulfen, Franz Xavier. |