OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Nabha

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​NABHA, a native state of India, within the Punjab. Area, 966 sq. m. Pop. (1901) 297,949. Its territories are scattered; one section, divided into twelve separate tracts, lies among the territories of Patiala and Jind, in the east and south of the Punjab; the other section is in the extreme south-east. The whole of the territories belong physically to a plain; but they vary in character from the great fertility of the Pawadh region to the aridity of the Rajputana desert. Nabha is one of the Sikh states, founded by a member of the Phulkian family, which established its independence about 1763. The first relations of the state with the British were in 1807–1808, when the raja obtained protection against the threatened encroachments of Ranjit Singh. During the Mutiny in 1857 the raja showed distinguished loyalty, and was rewarded by grants of territory to the value of over £10,000. The imperial service troops of the raja Hira Singh (b. c. 1843; succeeded in 1871) did good service during the Tirah campaign of 1897–98. The chief products of the state are wheat, millets, pulses, cotton and sugar. The estimated gross revenue is £100,000; no tribute is paid. The territory is crossed by the main line and also by several branches of the North-Western railway, and is irrigated by the Sirhind canal.
The town of Nabha, founded in 1755, has a station on the Rajpura-Bhatinda branch of the North-Western railway. Pop. (1901) 18,468.
See Phulkian States Gazetteer (Lahore, 1909).
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Mōng Pan

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​MŌNG PAN (the Burmese Maingpan), a state in the eastern division of the southern Shan States, lying approximately between 19° 45′ and 20° 25′ N. and between 98° and 99° E., with an area of 2299 sq. m., and a population (1901) of 16,629. The main state lies, except for a few insignificant circles, entirely west of the Salween, but beyond that river are the four subfeudatory states of Mōng Tun, Mōng Hang, Mōng Kyawt and Mōng Hta. The only considerable area of flat land is round the capital, which lies in a large and fertile plain, marking roughly the centre of the state. From this plain rise on all sides low hills covered with scrub jungle, sloping up to ranges of about 5000 ft. on nearly every side. Rice is the only crop, irrigated where possible; elsewhere dry cultivation prevails. The state has valuable teak forests on both sides of the Salween, which cover a considerable but undetermined area. The general altitude of the valleys is about 2000 ft. The capital is small, and has only about 200 houses. The chief is of Sawbwa rank.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Nabob

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​NABOB, a corruption of the Hindostani nawab, originally used for native rulers. In the 18th century, when Clive’s victories made Indian terms familiar in England, it began to be applied to Anglo-Indians who returned with fortunes from the East.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Nachmanides

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​NACHMANIDES (Naḥmanides), the usual name of Moses ben Naḥman (known also as Ramban), Jewish scholar, was born in Gerona in 1194 and died in Palestine c. 1270. His chief work, the Commentary on the Pentateuch, is distinguished by originality and charm. The author was a mystic as well as a philologist, and his works unite with peculiar harmony the qualities of reason and feeling. He was also a Talmudist of high repute, and wrote glosses on various Tractates, Responsa and other legal works. Though not a philosopher, he was drawn into the controversy that arose over the scholastic method of Maimonides (q.v.). He endeavoured to steer a middle course between the worshippers ​and the excommunicators of Maimonides, but he did not succeed in healing the breach. His homiletic books, Epistle on Sanctity (Iggereth ha-qodesh) and Law of Man (Tarath ha-Adam), which deal respectively with the sanctity of marriage and the solemnity of death, are full of intense spirituality, while at the same time treating of ritual customs—a combination which shows essential Rabbinism at its best. He occupies an important position in the history of the acceptance by medieval Jews of the Kabbala (q.v.); for, though he made no fresh contributions to the philosophy of mysticism, the fact that this famous rabbi was himself a mystic induced a favourable attitude in many who would otherwise have rejected mysticism as Maimonides did. In 1263 Naḥmanides was forced to enter into a public disputation with a Jewish-Christian, Pablo Christiani, in the presence of King James of Aragon. Though Nachmanides was assured that perfect freedom of speech was conceded to him, his defence was pronounced blasphemous and he was banished for life. In 1267 he went to Palestine and settled at Acre. He died about 1270.
See S. Schechter, Studies in Judaism, first series, pp. 120 seq.; Graetz, History of the Jews (English translation vol. iii. ch. xvi. and xvii.). (I. A.)
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Naas

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​NAAS (pron. Nace, as in place), a market town of Co. Kildare, Ireland, 20 m. S.W. from Dublin on branches of the Great Southern and Western railway and of the Grand Canal. Pop. (1901) 3836. It is situated among the foothills of the Wicklow Mountains, close to the river Liffey. The town is of great antiquity, and was a residence of the kings of Leinster, the place of whose assemblies is marked by a neighbouring rath or mound. Naas returned two members to the Irish parliament from 1559 until the union in 1800. Of a castle taken by Cromwell in 1650, and of several former abbeys, there are no remains. Punchestown racecourse, 21/2 m. S.E., is the scene of well-known steeplechases.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Nabua

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​NABUA, a town in the extreme S. of the province of Ambos Camarines, Luzon, Philippine Islands, on the Bicol river, about 22 m. S.S.E. of Nueva Cáceres, the capital. Pop. (1903) 18,893. Nabua is in the district known as La Rinconada—a name originally given to it on account of its inaccessibility. It is connected by road, railway and the Bicol river (navigable for light-draft boats) with Nueva Cáceres. Nabua is the centre of an agricultural region, which produces much rice and some Indian corn, sugar and pepper. The language is Bicol.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Nacaire

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​NACAIRE, Naker, Naquaire (Arab. naqāra), the medieval name for the kettledrum, the earliest representation of which appears in the unique MS. known as the Vienna Genesis (5th or 6th century). The nacaire was, according to Froissart, among the instruments used at the triumphal entry of Edward III. into Calais. The Chronicles of Joinville describe the instrument as a kind of drum: “Lor il fist sonner les tabours que l’on appelle nacaires.” Chaucer, in his description of the tournament in the Knight’s Tale, line 1653, also refers to this early kettledrum.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Nabbes, Thomas

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​NABBES, THOMAS (b. 1605), English dramatist, was born in humble circumstances in Worcestershire. He entered Exeter College, Oxford, in 1621, but left the university without taking a degree, and about 1630 began a career in London as a dramatist. His works include: Covent Garden (acted 1633, printed 1638), a prose comedy of small merit; Tottenham Court (acted 1634, printed 1638), a comedy the scene of which is laid in a holiday resort of the London tradesmen; Hannibal and Scipio (acted 1635, printed 1637), a historical tragedy; The Bride (1638), a comedy; The Unfortunate Mother (1640), an unacted tragedy; Microcosmus, a Morall Maske (printed 1637); two other masques, Spring’s Glory and Presentation intended for the Prince his Highnesse on his Birthday (printed together in 1638); and a continuation of Richard Knolles’s Generall Historie of the Turkes (1638). His verse is smooth and musical, and if his language is sometimes coarse, his general attitude is moral. The masque of Microcosmus—really a morality play, in which Physander after much error is reunited to his wife Bellanima, who personifies the soul—is admirable in its own kind, and the other two masques, slighter in construction but ingenious, show Nabbes at his best.
Nabbes’s plays were collected in 1639; and Microcosmus was printed in Dodsley’s Old Plays (1744). All his works, with the exception of his continuation of Knolles’s history, were reprinted by A. H. Bullen in his Old English Plays (second series, 1887). See also F. G. Fleay, Biog. Chron. of the English Drama (1891).
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Systyle

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​ SYSTYLE (Gr. σύν, together with, and στῦλος, a column), in architecture, a term meaning having columns rather thickly set—an intercolumniation to which two diameters are assigned.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Szeged

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​SZEGED (Ger., Szegedin), the capital of the county of Csongrad in Hungary, 118 m. S.E. of Budapest by rail. Pop. (1900), 100,270. It is situated on both banks of the Theiss just below the confluence of the Maros, and contains the inner town and four suburbs. It is the second town in Hungary as regards population, and since the disastrous inundation of the Theiss on the night of the 11th of March 1879, which almost completely destroyed it, Szeged has been rebuilt. It is now one of the handsomest towns of Hungary, and has several large squares, broad avenues, boulevards and many palatial buildings. It has also been encircled with a strong dam in order to protect it from floods. Among the principal buildings are a Franciscan convent, with a rich library and an interesting collection of antiquities and ecclesiastical objects; a Piarist and a Minorite convent; a handsome new town-hall; and a natural history and historical museum to which is attached a public library. Szeged is the chief seat of the manufacture of paprica, a kind of ​red pepper largely used in Hungary, and of a pastry called tarhonya; and has factories of soap, leather, boots, saw-mills and distilleries. Szeged is the centre of the commerce and industry of the great Hungarian Alfold, being an important railway junction and the principal port on the Theiss.
Since the 15th century Szeged has been one of the most prominent cities in Hungary. From 1541 till 1686 it was in possession of the Turks, who fortified it. It is also notorious for its many witchcraft trials. In 1848 it sent strong detachments to the national Hungarian army. In July 1849 the seat of the government was transferred hither for a short time.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Syzrañ

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​ SYZRAÑ, a town of Russia, in the government of Simbirsk, 156 m. E. of the town of Penza, and a short distance from the Volga. Pop. (1882), 24,500; (1900), 33,046. Syzrañ originated in a fort, erected in 1683, to protect the district from the Tatars and Circassians. Most of its inhabitants are engaged in gardening and tillage. In the large villages of the surrounding district various petty trades are carried on. The town has long been in repute for its tanneries and its manufactures of leather. Several flour-mills and other factories have recently sprung up. Much grain is exported; timber is brought from the upper Volga, and manufactured wares from Nizhniy Novgorod.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Syzygy

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​ SYZYGY (Gr. συζυγία, a yoking together, from σύν, together, and root ζυγ-, yoke), in astronomy, either of the points at which the moon is most nearly in a line with the sun. The moon passes her syzygies, or is in a syzygy, at new and full moon.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Szabadka

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​SZABADKA (Ger. Maria-Theresiopel), a town of Hungary, in the county of Bacs-Bodrog, 109 m. S.S.E. of Budapest by rail. Pop. (1900), 81,464. It is situated in the great Hungarian plain between the Danube and the Theiss, and is the centre of an immense agricultural district. To the town belongs a large territory (369 sq. m.) of the adjoining Puszta Telecska, where large herds of cattle are reared. In this territory is situated Lake Palics, a favourite watering-place and summer resort.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Szalay, Ladislas

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​SZALAY, LADISLAS (1813–1864), Hungarian statesman and historian, was born at Buda on the 18th of April 1813. After the completion of his studies, he became a member of the Hungarian parliament, and in 1848 he represented Hungary in the German national parliament at Frankfort. He took part in the revolution of 1848–49, and was obliged to seek refuge in Switzerland, where he wrote his history of Hungary. This important work, published at Budapest (1856–1860), extends to 1707. "Szalay also wrote remarkable studies on Pitt, Fox, Mirabeau and other statesmen, and contributed very considerably to the codification of Magyar law. In later life he returned to Hungary, but he died at Salzburg on the 17th of July 1864.
See Alexander Flegler, L. von Szalay (Leipzig, 1866).
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Syrup

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​ SYRUP (O. Fr. ysserop, mod. sirop, Span. xarope, for axarope, Arab. al, the, and sharab, drink; cf. “Sherbet” and “Shrub”), the name given to a thick, viscid liquid, containing much dissolved (generally crystalline) matter, but showing little tendency to deposit crystals. The “syrup” employed for medicinal purposes consists of a concentrated or saturated solution of refined sugar in distilled water. The simple “syrup” of the British Pharmacopoeia is prepared by adding 1000 grams (or 5 ℔) of refined sugar to 500 cubic centimetres (or two pints) of boiling distilled water, heating until it is dissolved and subsequently adding boiling distilled water until the weight of the whole is 1500 grams (or 7½ ℔). The specific gravity of the syrup should be 1.33. Flavoured syrups are made by adding flavouring matter to a simple syrup. For instance, syrupus aromaticus is prepared by adding certain quantities of orange and cinnamon water to simple syrup. Similarly, medicated syrups are prepared by adding medicaments to, or dissolving them in, the simple syrup. Golden syrup is the uncrystallizable fluid drained off in the process of obtaining refined crystallized sugar. Treacle and molasses are syrups obtained in the earlier stages of refining. Technically and scientifically the term syrup is also employed to denote viscid, generally residual, liquids, containing substances other than sugar in solution.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Syryenians

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​ SYRYENIANS (also Sirianian, Syrjenian, Zyrenian, Zirianian, Zyrian and Zirian), a tribe belonging to the Permian division of the eastern Finns. They are said to number about 85,000 on the west side of the Urals in the governments of Perm, Vologda and Archangel, and there are also about 1000 on the Siberian side of the lower Ob. Their headquarters are at Ust-Ishma, at the junction of the Ishma and Pechora. Formerly they spread farther to the west. They are of moderate stature, blond, and grey-eyed, and more energetic and inclined to trade than most of the allied tribes. They were converted to Christianity about 1350 and their language was reduced to writing. They call themselves Komi and are not sharply distinguished from the tribes known as Permian, the languages being mutually intelligible. The archaeological remains in the governments of Perm and Vatyka called Chudish by Russians are probably Syryenian. A grammar of the language was published by Castrén, and linguistic and other notices of the tribe are contained in the Journal de la société finno-ougrienne, especially for 1903. (See Finno-Ugrian.)
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Szabó von Szentmiklós, Jozsef

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​SZABÓ VON SZENTMIKLÓS, JOZSEF (1822–1894), Hungarian geologist, was born at Kalocsa, on the 14th of March 1822. His first contribution to science was an essay on metallurgy, in which subject he had received special training. Afterwards he settled at Budapest and investigated the geology of the district, the results of which were published in. a geological map (1858). In 1859 he joined the staff of the Austrian Geological Survey, as a volunteer member, and paid attention to the economic as well as to the purely scientific aspects of the work. He also arranged for surveys having special reference to agricultural geology to be undertaken by the Hungarian Geological Institute. In 1862 he became professor of geology and mineralogy in the university of Budapest. In later years he devoted himself largely to petrology, and published memoirs on the trachytes of Hungary and Transylvania; on a new method of determining the species of felspars in rocks, depending on fusibility and flame-coloration; on the geology and petrology of the district of Schemnitz; and on Santorin Island. He died at Budapest on the 12th of April 1894.
He was author of Geologie mit besonderer Rücksicht auf die Petrographie, den Vulkanismus u. die Hydrographie (1883).
# A Book of Nursery Songs and Rhymes/Green Broom

​LI. GREEN BROOM
There was an old man lived out in the wood, His trade was a-cutting of Broom, green Broom; He had but one son without thrift, without good, Who lay in his bed till 'twas noon, bright noon.
The old man awoke one morning, and spoke, He swore he would fire the room, that room, ​If his John would not rise and open his eyes, And away to the wood to cut Broom, green Broom.
So Johnny arose, and he slipped on his clothes, And away to the wood to cut Broom, green Broom; He sharpened his knives, for once he contrivesr To cut a great bundle of Broom, green Broom.
When Johnny passed under a lady's fine house, Passed under a lady's fine room, fine room, She called to her maid, 'Go fetch me,' she said, 'Go fetch me the boy that sells Broom, green Broom.'
When Johnny came into the lady's fine house,. And stood in the lady's fine room, fine room; 'Young Johnny,' she said, 'will you give up your trade, And marry a lady in bloom, full bloom?'
Johnny gave his consent, and to church they both went, And he wedded the lady in bloom, full bloom. At market and fair, all folks do declare, There is none like the Boy that sold Broom, green Broom.
# A Book of Nursery Songs and Rhymes/Grey goose and gander, waft your wings together

​LXVII.
Grey goose and gander, waft your wings together, And carry the good king's daughter over the one-strand river.
# A Book of Nursery Songs and Rhymes/Hark! hark! the dogs do bark

​LI.
Hark! hark! the dogs do bark, The beggars are coming to town, Some in jags, and some in rags, And others in velvet gowns.
# A Book of Nursery Songs and Rhymes/Girls and Boys come out to Play

​LXV. GIRLS AND BOYS COME OUT TO PLAY
Girls and boys come out to play, The moon doth shine as bright as day; Leave your supper and leave your sleep, And come to your playfellows in the street. Come with a whoop, and come with a call, Come with a good will or not at all. Up the ladder and down the wall, A penny loaf it will serve us all. You find milk, and I'll find flour, And we'll have a pudding in half an hour.
# A Book of Nursery Songs and Rhymes/Good Night and Good Morning

​LX. GOOD NIGHT AND GOOD MORNING
A fair little girl sat under a tree Sewing as long as her eyes could see; She smoothed her work and folded it right, And said, 'Dear work, good night, good night.'
Such a number of rooks flew over her head, Crying 'Caw! Caw!' on their way to bed, She said, as she watched their curious flight, 'Little black things, good night, good night.'
The horses neighed and the oxen lowed, The sheep' s bleat, bleat, came over the road, All seeming to say, with a quiet delight, 'Dear little girl, good night, good night!'
She did not say to the sun Good night, Though she saw him there like a ball of light, For she knew he had God's time to keep, All over the world and never could sleep.
​The tall pink foxglove bowed his head, The violet curtsied and went to bed. And good little Lucy tied up her hair, And said on her knees her evening prayer.
And while on the pillow she softly lay, She knew nothing more till again it was day, And all things said to the beautiful sun, 'Good morning! Good morning! our work has begun.'
# A Book of Nursery Songs and Rhymes/Goosie, goosie gander

​XLIV.
Goosie, goosie gander, Whither do you wander? Upstairs, downstairs, in my lady's chamber. With a quack, quack, quack. Call for a cup of sack And a little sugar and ginger.
# A Book of Nursery Songs and Rhymes/Great A, little a, Bouncing B

​XXVII.
Great A, little a, Bouncing B, The cat's in the cupboard, and she can't see.
# A Book of Nursery Songs and Rhymes/Good King Arthur

​XXIV. GOOD KING ARTHUR
King Arthur was a worthy king, As ancient bards do sing; He bought three pecks of barley meal, To make a bag pudding.
A bag pudding the queen she made, And stuffed it full of plums, And in it put great lumps of fat As big as my two thumbs.
The king and queen sat down to dine, And all the court beside, And what they could not eat that night The queen next morning fried.
# A Book of Nursery Songs and Rhymes/Green Gravel

​III. GREEN GRAVEL
Green gravel, green gravel, The grass is so green, The fairest young maiden That ever was seen. 'O Mary! O Mary! Your true love is dead, He sends you this letter To turn round your head.' 'O mother, O mother! Do you think this is true?' ​'O yes, child! O yes, child!' 'Then what shall I do?' 'We'll wash you in milk, And we'll clothe you in silk, And we'll write down your name With a gold pen and ink.'
# A Book of Nursery Songs and Rhymes/Green and Airy Around

​XI. GREEN AND AIRY AROUND
There was an old woman lived under a hill, Green and airy around. There was an old woman lived under a hill, And she had good ale and beer to sell. With a clack, hurry-scurry, scurry whack! Green and airy around.
She had an old man and he wore a wig, Grey and hairy around. A cat and a dog and a fat little pig.
She had a daughter, her name it was Nan, Plump and bonny around. And Nan would laugh with woman or man.
There came a trooper a-riding by, Red and hairy around. He called for drink because he was dry.
​His boots were leather, his coat was red, Bold and hairy around. A spur at his heel, and a hat on his head.
The trooper he was so bold and so big, Bold, big, and hairy around, Kissed Nan, drank beer, and ate up the pig, And never he paid one fig—one fig, With a clack, hurry-scurry, scurry whack! Green and airy around.