OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# County of Santa Clara v. Southern Pacific Railroad Company

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Wikidata item.
Santa Clara County v. Southern Pacific Railroad Company, 118 U.S. 394 (1886), was a United States Supreme Court case dealing with taxation of railroad properties. The case is most notable for the obiter dictum statement that corporations are entitled to protection under the Fourteenth Amendment. Warning: template has been deprecated.
United States Supreme Court
118 U.S. 394
County of Santa Clara v. Southern Pacific Railroad Company
Argued: May 10, 1886. ---
[Statement of Case from pages 394-396 intentionally omitted]
D. M. Delmas, A. L. Rhodes, for Santa Clara County. E. C. Marshall, for plaintiffs in error.
Wm. M. Evarts, Geo. F. Edmunds, and S. W. Sanderson, for defendants in error.
After stating the facts in the foregoing language, Mr. Justice HARLAN delivered the opinion of the court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# County of Sherman v. Simonds

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
109 U.S. 735
County of Sherman v. Simonds
'Provided, that no more of the bonds authorized to be issued by virtue of this act shall be issued than is necessary to pay off and redeem such warrants so outstanding; and provided, further, that the said commissioners shall not issue of said bonds to exceed in value the amount of said indebtedness up to January 1, 1875, nor shall said bonds be negotiated at a less price than eighty-five cents on the dollar.'
The bonds recited on their face that they were issued by authority of said act. The answer averred that bonds were issued under said act by the commissioners of said county of Sherman to the amount of $45,000 and that on January 1, 1875, the debts of said county did not exceed the sum of $16,000, and that the said bonds were negotiated for less than 85 cents on the dollar. On this answer the plaintiff below took issue. The parties waived a trial by jury, and submitted the cause to the court, which made findings, from which the following facts appear: On January 1, 1876, the commissioners of Sherman county, in pursuance of the act of February 18, 1875, issued, among others, the bonds and coupons described in the petition, and the same came into the possession of the plaintiff, who was a bona fide purchaser for value, without notice of defects other than appear on the face of the bonds, and was still the holder and owner of said bonds and coupons. The record of the commissioners of Sherman county showed the allowance of $15,000 in claims against the county from the organization of the county to January 1, 1875, for which warrants were drawn on the treasury, and no more, but they also showed that the commissioners at one of their meetings estimated the amount of the county indebtedness which might be funded at the sum of $36,874.95, for which it would be necessary to issue bonds to the amount of $43,400, and that bonds were issued pursuant to such estimate, but it was not shown what the actual indebtedness of the county was at the time the bonds were issued. Upon this finding the circuit court rendered judgment in favor of the plaintiff below for $5,671.60. To reverse that judgment this writ of error is prosecuted.
C. S. Montgomery, for plaintiff in error.
Nathan S. Harwood and John H. Ames, for defendant in error.
WOODS, J.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# County of St. Clair v. Lovingston

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
90 U.S. 46
County of St. Clair v. Lovingston

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Curtis's Botanical Magazine/Volume 44

Provenance: Transcribed from online image
CURTIS'S Botanical Magazine;
OR,
FLOWER-GARDEN DISPLAYED: IN WHICH
The most Ornamental Foreign Plants, cultivated in the Open Ground, the Green-House, and the Stove, are accurately represented in their natural Colours.
to which are added, Their Names, Class, Order, Generic and Specific Characters, according to the celebrated Linnæus; their Places of Growth, and Times of Flowering; Together with the most approved Methods of Culture.
A W O R K
Intended for the Use of such Ladies, Gentlemen, and Gardeners, as wish to become scientifically acquainted with the Plants they cultivate.
By JOHN SIMS, M.D.
Fellow of the Royal and Linnean Societies.
VOL. XLIV.
Being the Second of the New Series.
The Flowers, which grace their native beds, Awhile put forth their blushing heads, But, e'er the close of parting day, They wither, shrink, and die away: But these, which mimic skill hath made, Nor scorched by suns, nor killed by shade, Shall blush with less inconstant hue, Which art at pleasure can renew. Lloyd.
LONDON:
Printed by Stephen Couchman, Throgmorton-Street. Published by Sherwood, Neely, & Jones, 20, Paternoster-Row; And Sold by the principal Booksellers in Great-Britain and Ireland.
M DCCC XVII.

## Indexes

In which the Latin Names of the Plants contained in the Forty- Fourth Volume are alphabetically arranged.
* /1918 Stylidium graminifolium.
In which the English Names of the Plants contained in the Forty- Fourth Volume are alphabetically arranged.
* /1918 Stylidium, grass-leaved.
# Curtis's Botanical Magazine/Volume 45

Provenance: Transcribed from online image
Curtis's
Botanical Magazine;
OR,
Flower-Garden Displayed:
IN WHICH The most Ornamental Foreign Plants, cultivated in the Open Ground, the Green-House, and the Stove, are ac- curately represented in their natural Colours.
TO WHICH ARE ADDED, Their Names, Class, Order, Generic and Specific Characters, according to the celebrated Linnæus; their Places of Growth, and Times of Flowering:
Together with the most approved methods of culture.
A WORK
Intended for the Use of such Ladies, Gentlemen, and Gardeners, as wish to become scientifically acquainted with the Plants they cultivate.
Continued by
John Sims, M.D.
Fellow of the Royal and Linnean Societies.
VOL. XLV. Being the Third of the New Series
The Flowers, whicb grace their native beds, Awhile put forth their blushing heads, But, e'er the close of parting day, They wither, shrink, and die away : But these, which mimic skill hath made,. Nor scorched by suns, nor killed by shade, Shall blush with less inconstant hue, Which Art at pleasure can renew.
 LLOYD.
LONDON:
Printed by Stephen Couchman and Fry Throgmorton–Street Published by Sherwood, Neely, & Jones, 20, Paternoster-Row And Sold by the principal Booksellers in Great-Britain and Ireland.
M DCCC XVIII.

## Indexes

In which the Latin Names of the Plants contained in the Forty-fifth Volume are alphabetically arranged.
* 1947 Banksia marginata (β) micostachya
In which the English Names of the Plants contained in the Forty-fifth are alphabetically arranged.
* 1947 Green flowered, various-leaved Banksia
# Curtis's Botanical Magazine/Volume 45/1947

( 1947 ) Banksia marginata (β) microstachya. Green-flowered, various-leaved Banksia.
Class and Order.
Tetandria Monogynia.
Generic Character.
Cor. 1-petala. Stam. apicibus concavis corollæ immersa. Squamulæ hypogynæ. Folliculus ligneus, 2-locularis: loculis monospermis; dissepimento libero, bifido. Amentum flosculorum paribus tribracteatis. Brown,
Specific Character and Synonyms.
Banksia marginata; foliis linearibus truncatis mucronu- latis integerrimis dentatisve: venulis subtus inconspicuis, ramis ultimis hirsutis, bracteiss amenti apice glabris: majoribus acutis, caule fruticoso. Brown Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. p. 392. Linn. Trans. v. 10. p. 204. Hort. Kew. ed. alt. v. 1 p. 213. α. Frutex erectus orgyalis, amento foliis plerumque integris longiori. Banksia marginata. Cavan. Ic. 6. p. 29. t. 544. β Frutex erectus orgyalis, foliis spinulosi-dentatis plani- usculis amento quandoque longiribus. Banksia microstachya. Cavan. Ic. 6. p. 28. t. 541. excluso synonymo Linn. γ Frutex humilis diffusus, foliis spinuloso-dentatis planiusculis cuneatis amento longioribus.
The leaves of these plants are so subject to vary in form, especially in the degree of dentation, that so little dependence can be placed upon this character, that Mr. Brown pointed out to us a specimen containing the foliage of integrifolia, oleæfolia, and glauca of Cavanilles, all growing on the same plant; the reticulated veins on the undersurface, conspicuous through the tomentum in australis, distinguishes that species, and some others, from all the va- rieties of marginata, in none of which is there any visible veining.
Communicated by our friend Edward Gray, Esq. of Haringay-House, in March last.
# Curtis's Botanical Magazine/Volume 19/715 Bauera rubioides

[ 715 ]
Bauera rubioides. Madder-Leaved Bauera.
 *************** Class and Order.
Icosandia Digynia.
Generic Character.
Cal. inferus 8-sidus. Cor. 8-petala. Caps. 2-locularis. Sem.
plurima.
Specific Character and Synonyms.
BAUERA rubioides. And. Bot. Repos. t. 198
Desc. Stalk shrubby, 3-6 feet high, branched. Branches
opposite, patent, rigid. Leaves ternate, opposite; giving the
appearance at first sight of six leaves growing in a whorl:
Leaflets lanceolate, serrate, rugose-veined, naked. Peduncles
axillary, longer than the leaves, at first erect, afterwards fre- quently drooping. Calyx inferior, one-leafed and growing to
the germen, deeply divided into eight slightly toothed, lanceo- late segments, reflexed, persistent. Corolla, rose-coloured,
eight petaled, but one is deficient; Petals lanceolate, concave, patent, quite entire. Filaments many, shorter than
petals, attached to the inside of the calyx, not to the receptacle, wherefore this plant belongs to the class Icosandria, not to Polyandria, where it is referred in the Botanists Repository. Anthers yellow, roundish. Germen roundish, somewhat flat- tened, emarginate. Styles two, filiform, divergent. Stigmas acute.
A handsome flowering shrub, without scent. Taste of the
leaves bitterish, subastringent, not unlike Chinese Tea
This plant, a native of New-Holland, received the above name in honour of the two Bauers, natives of Germany,
both very eminent botanical draughtsmen in the employ of this country; the elder brother at the Royal Garden at Kew, the
younger now on a voyage of discovery in the South-Sea. The trivial name is derived from the resemblance which it bears,
especially in its young state, to a Rubia, not a Rubus, as
Mr. Andrews, with his usual accuracy, would have it. Flowers through the greatest part of the Summer.
Our Drawing was taken at Messrs. Grimwood and Wykes's,
Kensington, where, we are informed, it was first raised in this country. It may be increased by cuttings.
# Curtis's Botanical Magazine/Volume 38

Provenance: Transcribed from online image
Curtis's
Botanical Magazine;
OR,
Flower-Garden Displayed:
IN WHICH The most Ornamental Foreign Plants, cultivated in the Open Ground, the Green-House, and the Stove, are ac- curately represented in their natural Colours.
TO WHICH ARE ADDED, Their Names, Class, Order, Generic and Specific Characters, according to the celebrated Linnæus; their Places of Growth, and Times of Flowering:
TOGETHER WITH THE MOST APPROVED METHODS OF CULTURE.
A WORK
Intended for the Use of such Ladies, Gentlemen, and Gardeners, as wish to become scientifically acquainted with the Plants they cultivate.
Continued by
John Sims, M.D.
Fellow of the Linnean Society.
VOL. XXXVIII
The Flowers, whicb grace their native beds, Awhile put forth their blushing heads, But, e'er the close of parting day, They wither, shrink, and die away : But these, which mimic skill hath made,. Nor scorched by suns, nor killed by shade, Shall blush with less inconstant hue, Which Art at pleasure can renew.
 LLOYD.
LONDON:
Printed by Stephen Couchman and Fry Throgmorton–Street Published by Sherwood, Neely, & Jones, 20, Paternoster-Row And Sold by the principal Booksellers in Great-Britain and Ireland.
M DCCC XIII.

## Indexes

In which the Latin Names of the Plants contained in the Nineteenth Volume are alphabetically arranged.
* 1580 Podalyria styracifolia
* 1581 Dryandra floribunda
* 1582 Dryandra longifolia
* 1583 Ribus resinosum
In which the English Names of the Plants contained in the Nineteenth Volume are alphabetically arranged.
* 1580.
* 1581 Many-Flowered Dryandra
* 1582 Long-Leaved Dryandra
* 1583 Clammy Currant
# Curtis's Botanical Magazine/Volume 38/1581

[ 1581 ]
Dryandra floribunda. Many-Flowered Dryandra.  *************** Class and Order.
Tetandria Monogynia.
Generic Character.
Cor. 1-petala. Stam. apicibus concavis corollæ immersa. Squamulæ hypogynæ 4. Folliculus. ligneus, 2-locularis: loculis 1-spermis: dissepimento libero, bifido. Recept. commune planum, involucro imbricato. Brown.
Specific Character and Synonyms.
DRYANDRA floribunda; foliis cuneiformibus inciso-dentatis spinulosis sessilibus, ramis pilosis.
DRYANDRA floribunda; foliis cuneiformibus inciso-serratis, involucri bracteis: exterioribus glabriusculis, pe- rianthis laminis glabris, stigmate subclavato obtuso. Brown Prod. Nov. Holl. p. 397. Linn. Trans. v 10. p. 212. DRYANDRA floribunda; foliis cuneiformibus inciso-serratis, involucri bracteis: exterioribus glabriusculis, pe- rianthis laminis glabris, stigmate subclavato obtuso. Hort. Kew. ed. alt. v. 1. p, 219. JOSEPHIA sessilis. Knight et Salisb. Prot. 110.
The name of floribunda. given by Mr. Brown to this species, may allude to the number of flowers which appear at the same time from the extremities of numerous branches, for no more than one are produced fromthe same point, nor are the florets in each flower, equal in number or splendour to that of many other species; or to its continuing to flower for so long a period.
Mr. Brown follows Jussieu in considering the proteaceæ as having no corolla, designating the part so called by Linnæus, by
the term of calyx, in his first publication, changed in his Pro- dromus to that of perianthum. In composing Hortus
Kewensis, -- Kewensis, it sometimes became necessary to alter the language
of his characters to adapt it to that of Linnæus, every where
used in that work. In doing this in the present instance, Mr. Dryander has committed an oversight, which
occasioned us some trouble in determining whether our plant
belonged to floribunda or cuneata; the author having described
the laminæ of the corolla; whereas by lamina Mr. Brown meant
only the expanded part at the apex, into which the anther is
immersed, considering the long narrow part of the unguis; which,
so far from being smooth is very thickly bearded.
We have thought it better to omit this part of the character al- together, the sessile being alone sufficient to distinguish it
from cuneata.
Native of the south coast of New Holland, commonly called
Lewin's Land, the only country which has hitherto known
to produce any species of Dryandra, where it affects low
rocky situations.
Communicated from the Nursery of Messrs. Malcolm and
Sweet, on Stockwell Common.
Flowers most part of the year. Introduced in 1803, by
Mr. Peter Good.
# Curtis's Botanical Magazine/Volume 19/697

Now Isopogon anemonifolius
[ 697 ]
Protea Anemonifolia. Fork-Leaved Protea.
 *************** Class and Order.
Triandria Monogynia.
Generic Character.
Cor. 4-petala (petalis subinde vario modo cohærentibus). Antheræ inferte petalis infra apicem. Sem. 1. superum nudum.
Specific Character and Synonyms.
PROTEA Anemonifolia foliis linearibus elongatis superne sur- cato-pinnatifidis: pinnis imis longioribus surcatis,
capitulo globoso terminali.
Desc. Stem shrubby, three feet high, villous. Leaves
scattered, rigid, nerved, smooth, erect, lengthened downwards
so as to resemble a long footstalk, branched at the upper part
into about three pair of pinnas, the lowermost of which are
longest and variously forked at the end: points allarmed with
a callous reddish mucro or gland. Common Flower solitary,
globose, sessile. Calcine Scales ovate-acuminate, very woolly except the margin, compactly imbricate, forming a globose
cone fluffed with a fine white cottony substance. Corolla one- petaled, tubed: tube longer than the limb. which is four-cleft,
hairy, tortuose. Anthers linear, 2-lobed sessile. Style ex- serted, club-shaped. Stigma conical, acute; the style and stigma
have a singular appearance in this species something like two
cones with their bases applied together, but when the flower first
opens, these parts are so entirely covered with pollen as to
appear four-sided.
 Corresponds
Corresponds very nearly with Linnæus's original descip- tion of Protea spærocephala, and is not unlike Houttuyn's figure of a plant; it does not however agree with the descrip- tion of Thunberg , and being a native of New-Holland,
differing from most of the Cape species in having a long tube
to the corolla, and limb divided into four equal segments, is
undoutedly distinct. We have adopted the name of anemoni- folia, though certainly not very appropriate, as it has been some
time known by that name in several of our nurseries
We were favoured with the specimen from which our draw- ing was made, by Mr. Napier, Nurseyman, near Vauxhall,
a very successful cultivator of many rare articles, who raised
it from seeds received from Port-Jackson.
Is a greenhouse plant, and requires the same treatment as
the rest of the genus.
# Curtis's Botanical Magazine/Volume 19/738 Banksia Ericaefolia

[ 738 ]
Banksia Ericæfolia. Heath-Leaved
Banksia.
Class and Order.
Tetrandra Monogynia.
Generic Character.
Amenatum squamatum. Cor. 4-petala. Antheræ in cavitate
laminarum sessiles. Caps. bivalvis. Sem. bipartibile. L. sup.
Specific Character and Synonyms.
BANKSIA ericæfolia ; soliis approximatis acerosis truncato- emarginatis glabris. Linn. Suppl. p. 127. Willd.
Sp. Pl. 1. 536. Bot. Repos. 156. Cavan. Icon.
vol. 6. t. 538.
The Banksia, a genus so named in honour of its first dis- coverer, the President of the Royal Society, in a voyage round the world with Captain Cook, is very nearly allied to
Protea, and like that appears to contain a great number of
species of very various forms and size. Our present plant
forms a handsome shrub, thrives freely, and has flowered in
several collections; our drawing was taken from that of
E. J. A. Woodford, Esq. at Vauxhall, in April 1802.
The beauty of the flower consists very much in the length
of the style; which, from the stigma being long retained
within the anthers, is fanciful bent into a loop: when the
efflorescence is complete, the petals expand and let the stigma
at liberty. The flower is considered by some as monopetalous,
but the petals, in Banksia ericæfolia at least, adhere so lightly
at the base only, that they can hardly be kept from separating
when removed from the receptacle. The germen in this spe- cies is surrounded with brown hairs very like that of many of
the Proteæ. We could not discover any other calyx than
the squama of the Amentum, in no respect like that described
by Gærtner. A native of New-Holland. By no means
tender and may be kept in a greenhouse with Proteas and
other Cape shrubs. Propagated by seeds and by cuttings.
# Curtis's Botanical Magazine/Volume 38/1582

[ 1581 ]
Dryandra longifolia. Long-leaved Dryandra. *************** Class and Order.
Tetandria Monogynia.
Generic Character.—Vide No. 1581.
Specific Character.
DRYANDRA longifolia; foliis linearibus pinnatifidis longissimis
acutis subtus cinereo-tomentosis: basi attenuata integerrima;
lobis triangularibus adscendentibus decurrentibus margine
recurvis, involucri bracteis elongato-linearibus subulato
accuminatis margine barbatis extus glabris, corallæ [peranthii] unguibus basi lanatis supra pubescentibus: laminis pilosiusculis, caule tomentoso. Brown Prod. Nov.
Holl. p. 398. Linn. Trans. v. 10. p. 215. Hort. Kew. ed. alt. v. 1. p. 221.
The original Dryandra of Thunberg, being found not to be generically different from Aleurites, previously esta- blished by Forster, Mr. Brown tells us that he "derived peculiar satisfaction, in giving the name of his respected friend, Mr. Jonas Dryander, to a genus so nearly allied to Banksia, from which indeed it differs chiefly in inflorescence, but in that respect so widely as to be at once distinguishable : there is also
something in the habit, especially in the leaves of the greater number of species, by which, independent of the parts of fructi- fication, the genus is pretty certainly indicated, and it is worthy of notice, that, while Banksia is generally spread over all the coast of New-Holland, and of Van Diemen's Island, Dryandra has hitherto been observed only on that part of the south coast, called Lewin's Land, where, however, its species are nearly as numerous and abundant as those of Banksia itself*." This is as
it ought to be, that Dryandra should have the nearest affinity with Banksia.
The Dryandra longifolia is a very fine shrub, with much larger flowers than those of the species figured in the preceding plate. Native of Lewin's Land, the south coast of New- Holland, growing upon rocky hills. We were favoured with the specimen from which our drawing was taken by our friend Mr. Aiton, from the Royal gardens at Kew, in February last. Introduced in 1805. It does not appear to have flowered when the first volume of the new edition of the Hortus Kewensis was published.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Aachen

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​AACHEN. See Aix-la-Chapelle.
# Collier's/Volume 42

* The Pretenders
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/A

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​A, a, the first letter in the English alphabet, as in those of all the modern Indo-European tongues. The Latin alphabet also commences with a, and the Greek with a similar letter, alpha. In Sanscrit the vowels are classified by grammarians separately from the consonants. The vowels are placed first, and two sounds of a, the first a very short one, intermediate between ă and ŭ, as in the word Veda, and the other long, as in the first syllable of Brahman, head the list. In the Semitic, also, more accurately called the Syro-Arabian, family of languages, a letter with the a sound stands first in order. Thus the Hebrew alphabet commences with A (Aleph), followed in succession by B (Beth), C (Gimel), D (Daleth), designations which at once suggest the names of the Greek letters Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta. The old Hebrew, the Aramæan, and the Greek letters seem to have come from the Phœnician, a Syro-Arabian tongue. The Phœnician letters, again, as Gesenius suggests, may have been derived from the Egyptian hieroglyphics.
A as an initial is used:
* In chronology, for Anno (Lat.)=in the year, as A. D., Anno Domini=in the year of our Lord; A. U. C., Anno urbis conditæ=in the year of the city founded—i. e., from the foundation of the city (Rome)=753 B. C. (Varro).
* In horology, for the Lat. prep. ante=before, as a. m. (ante meridiem)=before noon.
* In designating university degrees, for Artium, as A. M. (Lat.), or M. A. (Eng.), Artium Magister=Master of Arts; A. B. (Lat.), or B. A. (Eng.), Artium Baccalaureus=Bachelor of Arts.
* In music, for alto, as S. A. T. B.=soprano, alto, tenor, bass.
* In nautical language, for able. Thus, A. B.=able-bodied seaman.
* In commerce, for accepted, and is used specially of bills.
A as a symbol stands for:
* In logic, a universal affirmative.
* In music, the 6th note of the diatonic scale of C major corresponding to the la of the Italians and the French.
* In heraldry, the chief in an escutcheon.
* In nautical language, A-1=a vessel of the first class, excellently built. Figuratively, anything highly excellent; the best of its class.
* In mathematics, A and the other letters of the alphabet are used, e. g., in Euclid, to represent lines, angles, points, etc. In algebra, a and the other first letters of the alphabet are used to express known quantities, and the last letter to express such as are unknown.