OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Chrysler Corporation v. United States

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
316 U.S. 556
Chrysler Corporation v. United States
Argued: May 1, 4, 1942. --- Decided: June 1, 1942
On Appeal from the District Court of the United States for the Northern District of Indiana.
Messrs. Nicholas Kelley, of New York City, and William D. Donnelly, of Washington, D.C., for appellants.
Mr. Albert Holmes Baldridge, of Oklahoma City, Okl., for appellee.
Mr. Justice BYRNES delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Wilhelm Heinrich Waagen

From volume 15 of the work.
Geologist, and palaeontologist, born at Munich, 23 June, 1841; died at Vienna, 24 March, 1900. He completed a brilliant course at the University of Munich with the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and the publication of an elaborate work on geology, which was crowned by the university. In 1866 he became an instructor in palaeontology at the University of Munich and at the same time taught Princess Theresa and Prince Arnulf of Bavaria. Although an excellent teacher, and especially competent in practical work, Waagen, who was a most loyal Catholic, had little prospect of obtaining a professorship at the University of Munich. Consequently, in 1870, he accepted the offer of a position as assistant in the geological survey of India. The severity, however, of the Indian climate obliged him to return permanently to Europe in 1875. In 1877 he became instructor at the University of Vienna, and lectured with great success on the geology of India. In 1879 Waagen went to the German Polytechnic of Prague as professor of geology and mineralogy; in 1890 he was professor of palaeontology at the University of Vienna; in 1886 he had declined a call to the school of mines at Berlin. He was named councillor of the board of mines (Oberbergart), and in 1893 was made a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences. Waagen's writings before his trip to India treat especially the German Jura and its fossils. He did work of permanent value in the geological investigation of India (the Salt Range) by the scientific presentation of rich palaeontological material. In 1869, after an exhaustive study of ammonites, Waagen advocated the theory of evolution or mutation for certain series of fossils. As a young man he had taken an active part in the Catholic life of Munich, and two years before his death he wrote a treatise on the first chapter of Genesis which shows both the learned geologist and the devout Christian.
Waagen was one of the editors of the periodical "Geognostische-paläontologische Beiträge" (Munich), and during the years 1894-1900 editor of the "Beiträge zur Paläontologie Oesterreich-Ungarns und des Orients" (Vienna); after the death of Barrande (1883) he edited several volumes of Barrande's work "Système silurien". Waagen's most important works were: "Der Jura in Franken, Schwaben und der Schweiz" (Munich, 1864); "Klassification der Schichten des obern Jura" (Munich, 1865); "Die Formenreihe des Ammonites subradiatus" (Munich, 1869); "Ueber die geologische Verteilung der Organismen in Indien" (Vienna, 1878); "Das Schopfungsproblem" in "Natur und Offenbarung" (Munster, 1898; as a separate publication, 1899); "Gliederun der pelagischen Sedimente des Triassystems" (Vienna, 1895). He wrote in English: "Jurassic Fauna of Kutch" (1873-6); "Productus Limestone" (1879-91); "Fossils from the Ceratite Formation" (1892).
UHLIG in Centralblatt fur Mineralogie, Geologie und Palaontologie (Stuttgart, 1900).
Joseph H. Rompel.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Wilhelm Bauberger

From volume 2 of the work.
German physician, novelist, and poet, b. at Thannhausen in Swabian Bavaria, 3 March, 1809; d. at the same place, 8 February, 1883. As a physician he was greatly esteemed for his skill, but more so for his kindliness of manner. His fame rests chiefly, however, on his tales. The earliest of these, "Die Beatushöhle", written at the age of nineteen, while the author was still a medical student, met with such extraordinary success among all classes of readers that Bauberger published all his subsequent tales as by the author of "Die Beatushohle". He drew his most successful themes from history and legend. His recognized model for the spirit and tone of his stories was Christoph Schmid.
Bauberger also essayed lyrical and dramatic compositions, but with indifferent success, for, along with much that is strong and beautiful, his verse contains more that is feeble and commonplace. His fame as a writer suffered no permanent eclipse from the inferiority of his poetry, for new tales, exhibiting all the charm of his early work, constantly appeared to redeem his dramatic failures or half-successes. Bauberger's literary activity continued unabated until his death. A list of his works printed during his lifetime is found in Kehrein's "Lexicon der kath. Dichter, Volks- und Jugendschriftsteller im 19ten Jahrhundert" (1872), I, 13, and a complete list of his posthumous works in the "Allgemeine deutsche Biographie", XLVI, 232 sqq.
Heindle, Repertorium der Padagogik, I, 34.
Matthias Leimkuhler.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Wilhelm Diekamp

From volume 4 of the work.
Historian, b. at Geldern, 13 May, 1854; d. at Rome, 25 Dec., 1885. Soon after his birth the parents of Diekamp removed to Münster in Westphalia, where he made his collegiate studies (1867-72). From 1872 to 1875 he studied theology at Würzburg and at Münster. Feeling uncertain, however, as to his ecclesiastical calling, he abandoned his desire of entering the priesthood, and took up the study of philology. In 1877 he graduated as doctor of philosophy with the dissertation: "Widukind, der Sachsenführer nach Geschichte und Sage" (Münster, 1877). Excessive study led to grave pulmonary disease, in spite of which he did not spare himself. For some time he taught in the public schools of Münster, Arnsberg, and Aachen, developing in the meantime his scientific historical training. An excellent evidence of this was his "Vitae S. Ludgeri" (Geschichtsquellen des Bistums Münster, IV, Münster, 1881). In 1881 the Westfalischer Verein fur Geschichte und Altertumskunde confided to him the continuation of the "Westfälisches Urkundenbuch". Thereupon he returned to Münster and in 1882 he became Privatdozent for history at that academy. Previously, however, he spent a year at Vienna for improvement in diplomatics at the "Institut fur oesterreichische Geschichtsforschung" under the direction of Professor Sickel. At Easter, 1883, he began his teaching at Münster, continuing at the same time his historical investigations, specially on Westphalian documents, the history of the papal chancery, and papal diplomatics. In 1885 he published at Münster the first part of the supplement of the "Westfälisches Urkundenbuch" In the autumn of this year he went to Rome, chiefly to collect in the Vatican archives the material for the large works he had in mind. But typhoid fever carried him off in the midst of his labours. He was buried in the German Campo Santo near St. Peter's. Diekamp also published between 1878 and 1885 several important studies in different reviews concerning the history of the Middle Ages and diplomatics or official style of the medieval papal documents.
HULSKAMP in Literarischer Handlweiser (1886), 1-10; SCHULTE in Historisches Jahrbuch (1886), 266-277; DAHLMANN in Allgemeine deutsche Biographie, Nachtrage bis /899 (Leipzig, 1903), XLVII, 679 sq.
J.P. KIRSCH
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Wilhelm Lindemann

From volume 9 of the work.
A Catholic historian of German literature, b. at Schonnebeck near Essen, 17 December, 1828; d. at Niederkruechten near Erkelenz (Rhine Province) 20 December, 1879. He attended the gymnasium at Essen; studied theology at Bonn from 1848 to 1851, and was ordained in Cologne, 2 September, 1852. He was rector of the municipal high school of Heinsberg from 1853 to 1860, then parish-priest at Rheinbreitbach, and later at Venrath from 1863 to 1866, when he became pastor of Nieder-Kruechten, and so remained till his death. From 1870 to 1879 he served as a member of the Prussian Diet as one of the Centre Party. His principal literary work is the "Geschichte der Deutschen Literatur", which first appeared in 1866 (eighth edition, Freiburg, 1905). This was the first exhaustive treatise made of the history of German literature from a Catholic point of view, and was an effort on the part of the author to bring out into greater prominence Catholic poets and thinkers who therefore had either failed of recognition or had been treated with hostility. It is a notable work. The author modelled it on Vilmar's widely read and meritorious "History of Literature". Connected to a certain extent, as authorities, with his history of literature, is the "Bibliothek deutscher Klassiker" (1868-71) containing selections from Goethe, Schiller. Lessing, Herder, from writers of the Romantic school and poets of later times. To these are to be added his "Blumenstrauss von Geistlichen Gedichten des deutschen Mittelaters" (1874), and a collection of religious poems "Für die Pilgerreise" (1877). Besides these Lindemann produced two biographical works, the one on Angelus Silesius (1876) and the other on Geiler von Kaysersberg, from the French by Dacheux (1877), both of which appear in the "Sammlung historischer Bildnisse" 3rd series, vol. VIII, and 4th series, vol. II. Lindemann was also a contributor to the periodicals. The University of Würzburg recognized his literary achivements by conferring on him, in 1872, the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. As a man he was simple and unassuming, with an amiable manner and a spontaneous flow of humour, a genuine son of the Rhineland.
HULSKAMP, Literarischer Handweiser (1880), 30; Germania (24 December, 1879), supplement; REUSCH in Allgem. Deursche Biog. XVIII, 680.
Klemens Löffler.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Wilhelm V, Duke of Bavaria

From volume 15 of the work.
Son of Duke Albrecht V. Born at Munich, 29 September, 1548; died at Schlessheim, 7 February, 1626. He studied in 1563 at the University of Ingolstadt, but left on account of an outbreak of the pest. Nevertheless, he continued his studies elsewhere until 1568, and retained throughout life a keen interest in learning and art. In 1579 he became the reigning duke. He made a reputation by his strong religious opinions and devotion to the Faith, and was called "the Pious". His life was under the direction of the Jesuits. He attended Mass every day, when possible several times a day, devoted four hours daily to prayer, one to contemplation, and all his spare time to devotional reading. He received the sacraments weekly, and twice a week in the Advent season and during Lent. Whenever possible he took part in public devotions, processions, and the pilgrimages; thus in 1585 he went on a pilgrimage to Loreto and Rome. His court was jestingly called a monastery, and his capital the German Rome. He founded several Jesuit monasteries, in particular that of St. Michael at Munich, and contributed to the missions in China and Japan. He did everything possible in Bavaria and the German Empire to further the Catholic Counter-Reformation, and laboured to prevent the spread of Protestantism. Thus it was largely through his efforts that the Archbishopric of Cologne did not become Protestant, due mainly to the vigorous support he gave his brother Ernst, who had been elected archbishop against Gebhard Truchsess. On the other hand, the manner in which he bestowed benifices upon members of his family makes an unpleasant impression at the present day, though, at that time, this was not considered so unseemly. In the end his brother Ernest had, besides other benefices, five dioceses, and Wilhelm's son Ferdinand was bishop of an equal number; another son intended for the clerical life, Philip, was made Bishop of Ratisbon in 1595 and cardinal in 1596, but died in 1598. Wilhelm had his eldest son Maximilian educated with much care, and in 1597 he resigned the government to Maximilian and led a retired life, devoted to works of piety, asceticism, and charity, and also to the placid enjoyment of his collections of works of art and curiosities.
SCHREIBER, Gesch. des bayrischen Herzogs Wilhelm V. (Munich, 1860); JANSSEN, Gesch. des deutschen Volkes, IV, V, passim; RIEZLER, Gesch. Bayerns, IV (Gotha, 1899), 625-80.
Klemens Löffler.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Wilhelm Volk

From volume 15 of the work.
(Pseudonym, LUDWIG CLARUS).
Born at Halberstadt 25 Jan., 1804; died at Erfurt 17 March, 1869. He came from a Lutheran family; his father was a lawyer. After going to school at Halberstadt and Magdeburg, he studied from 1823 law at the Universities of Gottingen and Berlin. In 1826 he became an auscultator at Magdeburg, and in 1829 a referendar. In 1832 he made the acquaintance at Berlin of the law-professor George Philips, who was later a convert to Catholicism. Volk kept up their friendship by repeated visits to Munich. In this city he also formed friendships with Clemens Brentano and Joseph Gorres, and was induced by them to devote himself to the study of mysticism and legend, which he continued to pursue during the rest of his life. In 1838 he was made a government councillor at Erfurt, and in 1858 he retired from active life. For a long time a son of the Catholic Church at heart, he entered it in 1855. He describes his inner change in the fascinating writing on his conversion, "Simeon, Wanderungen und Heimkehr eines christlichen Forschers" (3 vols., 1862-3). He also wrote a large number of pamphlets on religious, political and ecclesiastico-political questions of the time. Among the considerable number of large works should be mentioned: the biographies of St. Brigitta (4 vols., Ratisbon, 1856; 2nd ed., 1888), of St. Francis de Sales (Schaffhausen, 1860); 2nd ed., 1887), of St. Matilda (Quedlinburg, 1867); translations from Augustine, Petrarch, St. Theresa of Jesus, etc.; the historical compendium of Italian literature (1832-34), the account of Spanish literature in the Middle Ages (1846). He also wrote a number of original poems and translations from the Spanish, Italian, and Swedish.
KEHREIN, Biographisch-litterarisches Lexikon der katholischen deutschen Dichter des XIX. Jahrhunderts, II (Wurzburg, 1868-71), 225-28; Denkmal auf Volks Grab (Erfuhrt, 1869); ROSENTHAL, Convertitenbilder aus dem XIX. Jahrhundert, I (Schaffhausen, 1865), 854-94.
Klemens Löffler.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/A/Actis, Abbe

Actis, Abbe, wrote about the year 1788, in the '�Memoires de l'Acad. Royale des Sciences��, observations on the echo in the cathedral of Girgenti, also on the celebrated Ear of Dioaysius.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/A/Acolythi

Acolythi, (Gr.) ACOLYTES. Young persons employed in the Romish church to light the tapers, carry the candlesticks at the cellebration of all offices in which music and singing are introduced, to prepare the several articles used in the mass, and occasionally to chant in the choirs.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/A/Acolythia

Acolythia. (Gr.) The order of service observed in the Greek church. This term is also applied separately to the hymns, psalms &c., of which that service is principally composed
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/A/Act tunes

Act tunes. Those pieces performed at Theatres between the different acts of any play performed upon the stage.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/A/Achtelnote

Achtelnote. German term for an eighth or quaver.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/A/Accresstmento

Accresstmento. (I.) The increase of a sound in duration. A point of addition, or a dot placed after a note, increases its length one half.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/A/Acetabulum

Acetabulum. (L.) An ancient instrument of music.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/A/Ackermann, Madame

Ackermann, Madame. Her maiden name was Bachmann. In the year 1796, she was first female singer at the Konigsberg Theatre, and performed the principal parts in Mozart's operas.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/A/Acoemetae

Acoemetae. A certain order of ancient monks, whose principal establishments were among the Eastern nations. Their appellation is derived from the Greek word akoimao, (not to sleep in bed,) because they performed their religious office, (chiefly consisting of singing) both night and day. For this purpose, they divided themselves into three bodies, who vociferized alternately.
# Catholic Hymns (1860)/Hail, Queen of Heaven

Based on the anonymous Latin hymn Ave maris stella.
Hail, Queen of Heaven.
Hail, Queen of Heav'n, the ocean Star, Guide of the wand'rer here below! Thrown on life's surge we claim thy care, Save us from peril and from woe. Mother of Christ, Star of the sea, Pray for the wanderer, pray for me
O gentle, chaste, and spotless Maid, We sinners make our prayers through thee
Remind thy Son that He has paid The price of our iniquity. Virgin most pure, Star of the sea, Pray for the sinner, pray for me.
Sojourners in this vale of tears, O thee, blest Advocate, we cry,
Pity our sorrows, calm our fears, And soothe with hope our misery. Refuge in grief, Star of the sea, Pray for the mourner, pray for me.
And while to Him who reigns above, In Godhead One, in Persons Three,
The source of life, of grace, of love, Homage we pay on bended knee; Do thou, bright Queen, Star of the sea. Pray for thy children, pray for me
# Catholic Hymns (1860)/Hail, thou Star of Ocean

27. Hail, thou Star of Ocean.
Hail, thou Star of Ocean,
Portal of the sky,
Ever Virgin Mother
Of the Lord most high!
Oh, by Gabriel's Ave,
Utter'd long ago,
Eva's name reversing,
'Stablish peace below.
Break the captive's fetters,
Light on darkness pour;
All our ills expelling,
Every bliss implore.
Show thyself a mother,
Offer Him our sighs;
Who for us incarnate
Did not thee despise.
​Virgin of all virgins,
To thy shelter take us;
Gentlest of the gentle,
Chaste and gentle make us.
Still as on we journey,
Help our weak endeavour;
Till with thee and Jesus
We rejoice for ever.
Through the highest heaven,
To the all-holy Three,
Father, Son, and Spirit,
One same glory be.
# Catholic Hymns (1860)/Hymn for Good Friday

Hymn for Good Friday.
O'erwhelm'd in depths of woe,
With racking anguish torn,
Behold the Saviour of mankind
Upon the tree of scorn.
See how the nails those hands
And feet so tender rend;
See down His face and neck and breast
His sacred blood descend.
​Hark with what awful cry
He yields His parting breath!
That cry it steeps His mother's soul
As in a swoon of death.
The sun withdraws his beam,
The mid-day heav'ns grow pale,
The moon, the stars, the universe,
Their Maker's death bewail.
Shall man alone be mute,
Amidst adoring spheres? Come, old and young, come, rich and poor,
And bathe those feet in tears
Come kneel before His Cross,
Who shed for us His blood;
Who died the victim of pure love,
To make us sons of God.
# Catholic Hymns (1860)/Hymn for the Epiphany

Hymn for the Epiphany.
Bethlehem, of noblest cities
None can once with thee compare,
Thou alone the Lord from heaven
Didst for us incarnate bear.
Fairer than the beam of morning
Was the star that told His birth,
To the lands their God announcing,
Hid beneath a form of earth.
By its lambent beauty guided,
See the Eastern kings appear;
See them bend their gifts to offer,
Purest incense, gold, and myrrh,
Sacred gifts of mystic meaning;
Incense doth the God disclose,
Gold a royal child proclaimeth,
Myrrh a future tomb foreshews.
Holy Jesu, in thy brightness
To the Gentile world reveal'd,
Still to babes Thyself disclosing,
Ever from the proud conceal'd;
Honour, glory, virtue, merit,
Be to thee, O Virgin's Son,
With the Father and the Spirit,
While eternal ages run.
# Catholic Hymns (1860)/Gratitude for the early Knowledge of God

28. Gratitude for the early Knowledge of God.
Among the gifts thy hands bestow
Each day and hour on me,
'Tis not the least, O Lord, to know
That they all come from Thee.
How Joyfully each day I ought
Thy precepts to fulfil,
Since I have been so early taught
To do thy gracious will!
I cannot tell thee what my heart
Would have me say to thee,
For having taught me what Thou art,
And what I ought to be.
​O Saviour blest and God ador'd,
Still keep me in Thy fear;
And in my teachers' words, O Lord,
May I Thy voice revere.
# Catholic Hymns (1860)/Hail, holy Joseph, Hail

HYMNS
APPROPRIATE TO THE
Feasts of Particular Saints.
16. Hail, holy Joseph, Hail. (St. Joseph, spouse of the Blessed Virgin Mary, March 19th.)
Hail, holy Joseph, hail!
Chaste spouse of Mary, hall!
Pure as the lily flower
In Eden's peaceful vale.
Hail, holy Joseph, hail!
Prince of the house of God!
May His best graces be
By thy sweet hands bestow'd.
Hail, holy Joseph, hail! Belov'd of angels, hail!
Cheer thou the hearts that faint,
And guide the steps that fail.
Hail, holy Joseph, hail!
God's choice wert thou alone;
To thee the Word made flesh
Was subject as a Son.
O Christ's dear Mother, bless;
And bless, ye Saints on high,
All meek and simple souls
That to Saint Joseph cry.
# Catholic Hymns (1860)/Holy Innocents

Holy Innocents.
Lovely flowers of martyrs, hail! Smitten by the tyrant foe,
On life's threshold,—as the gale
Strews the roses ere they blow.
First to die for Christ—sweet lambs,
At the very altar ye,
With your fatal crowns and palms,
Sport in your simplicity.
Yet is Herod's wrath in vain,
Though a thousand babes he slay;
Christ, amid a thousand slain,
Is in safety borne away.
Honour, virtue, glory, merit,
Be to thee, O Virgin's Son,
With the Father and the Spirit,
While eternal ages run.
# Catholic Hymns (1860)/Hail to Thee, true Body

Hail to Thee, true Body.
Hail to Thee, true Body, sprung
From the Virgin Mary's womb;
The same that on the Cross was hung,
And bore for man the bitter doom. ​Thou whose side was pierc'd and flow'd,
Both with water and with blood;
Suffer us to taste of Thee,
In our life's last agony.
O kind, O loving One,
O sweet Jesu, Mary's Son!
# Catholic Hymns (1860)/Hymn before the Image of Mary

39. Hymn before the Image of Mary.
Holy Queen, we bend before thee,
Queen of purity divine;
Make us love thee, we implore thee,
Make us truly to be thine
​Unto thee a Child was given,
Greater than the sons of men;
Coming down from highest heaven,
To create the world again.
Thou by faith the gates unfolding
Of the kingdom in the skies,
Hast to us, by faith beholding,
Shewn the land of Paradise.
Thou, when deepest night infernal
Had for ages shrouded man,
Gavest us that light eternal
Promis'd when the world began.
Teach, oh teach us, holy Mother,
How to conquer every sin,
How to love and help each other,
How the prize of life to win.
Teach us how all earthly pleasures,
All the world's enchanting bloom,
Are outrivall'd by the treasures
Of the glorious world to come.
Oh, by that Almighty Maker,
Whom thyself a virgin bore;
Oh, by thy supreme Creator,
Link'd with thee for evermore.—
By the hope thy name inspires,
By our doom revers'd through thee,
Bring us, Queen of angel choirs,
To a blest eternity
# Catholic Hymns (1860)/Hymn for Pentecost

Hymn for Pentecost
Holy Spirit, Lord of light,
From Thy clear celestial height
Thy pure beaming radiance give, Come, Thou Father of the poor,
Come with treasures which endure,
Come, Thou light of all that live.
​Thou, of all consolers best,
Thou, the soul's delightful guest, Dost refreshing peace bestow;
Thou in toil art comfort sweet,
Pleasant coolness in the heat,
Solace in the midst of woe
Light immortal, Light divine,
Visit Thou these hearts of thine, And our inmost being fill;
If Thou take Thy grace away.
Nothing pure in man will stay—
All his good is turn'd to ill.
Heal our wounds, our strength renew,
On our dryness pour Thy dew,
Wash the stains of guilt away,
Bend the stubborn heart and will,
Melt the frozen, warm the chill,
Guide the steps that go astray.
Thou on those who evermore
Thee confess and Thee adore,
In Thy sevenfold gifts descend;
Give them comfort when they die,
Give them life with Thee on high,
Give them joys which never end.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/A/Antiphonizing

Antiphonizing. Singing in octaves.