OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The New International Encyclopædia/Madison (Wisconsin)

Edition of 1905. See also Madison, Wisconsin on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​MADISON. A city, the capital of Wisconsin and the county-seat of Dane County, 83 miles west of Milwaukee; on the Chicago and Northwestern, the Chicago, Milwaukee and Saint Paul, and the Illinois Central railroads (Map: Wisconsin, D 5). A widely noted educational and summer resort, it lies in the attractive Lake country (at an elevation of 788 feet above the sea, and 210 feet above Lake Michigan), between Lakes Mendota, Monona, and Wingra, and near Lakes Waubesa and Kegonsa. A system of beautiful parked suburban drives, carefully macadamized and nearly thirty miles in length, is maintained by popular subscription. The State House, whose chief attraction is a handsome dome, stands in a well-kept park. The finest building in the city—indeed the finest State structure in Wisconsin—is the library and museum building of the State Historical Society, situated a mile west of the State House, opposite the State University campus; it is an Ionic, colonnaded structure, built of Indiana limestone, and cost $700,000. The society's reference library of 240,000 volumes is one of the most famous of American libraries. Within the building are also housed the libraries of the State University and the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters. There are, in addition, a free public library (for which a new building, donated by Andrew Carnegie, is (1903) being erected) and the State Law Library (in the State House), besides those of several educational institutions. Madison is the seat of the University of Wisconsin (q.v.); and the State Hospital for the Insane and the State fish hatchery are in the suburbs.
The city has wide-spread commercial interests throughout southwestern Wisconsin, and manufactories of agricultural implements, machinery, ​tools, flour, boots and shoes, carriages and wagons, and electrical appliances; there are also several large printing establishments engaged chiefly in manufacturing law-books and ready-print newspapers. The government is administered, under revised charters of 1889 and 1901, by a mayor, biennially elected, and a unicameral council which controls elections of subordinate officials. The water-works are owned and operated by the municipality. Population, in 1890, 13,426; in 1900, 19,164.
Soon after the organization of the Territory in 1836 this site was chosen for the location of the State capital; and the first house, erected in March, 1837, was for boarding and lodging the workmen on the projected Capitol. In 1839 the necessary Territorial building had been built, and since then Madison (named for President James Madison) has been the regular seat of government. It was chartered as a city in 1856. Consult Durrie, A History of Madison (Madison, 1874).
# The Magic Glass

* The Magic Glass, in The Literary Souvenir, 1830.
* The Magic Glass, in Songs of the Affections, with Other Poems (Miscellaneous Poems), 1830.
# The Magic Melody

Song from the musical Nobody Home.
[Verse]
    What's the name of that melody?
    Something mighty sweet about it, something hard to beat about it
    Oh What's the name of that melody?
    What a pitty not to know the name of such a pretty ditty
    It always seems to interrupt you when you're talking,
    It seems to lift you from your feet and start you walking,
    When the cellos and the fiddles start in to fiddle that middle part
    Clouds, fears, sighs, tears, disappear as if by Magic.
[Chorus]
    The world goes around to the sound of a Syncopated melody,
    Come on take a chance and we'll dance to the Syncopated melody,
    Beware have a care, have a care, when you're doin' it
    Keep moving or you'll ruin it and just so you'll know we'll show you
    all the late improvements in those syncopated movements,
    Oh you start kind of slow till you know how to throw your shoulders in the air.
    Then you slide and you glide 'round the room in an attitude of "I don't care!"
    You'll dance and you'll sway and you'll think and you'll talk to it,
    You'll work and you'll play, and you'll drink and you'll walk to it,
    You can't get away from that Magic Melody.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
The longest-living author of this work died in 1949, so this work is in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 74 years or less. This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The New Student's Reference Work/Assiniboia

See also Assiniboia on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Assiniboia (as' sĭn-ĭ-boi-å), one of the northwest territories of Canada until 1905, when one part of it was merged in the new province of Alberta and the remainder in the new province of Saskatchewan. The city of Regina was formerly in Assiniboia.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Assaying

See also Assaying on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Assay'ing is the art of finding how much of a given metal there is in a metallic ore or alloy—as, the amount of iron in a specimen of iron ore or the amount of silver in a silver dollar. The term is applied particularly to processes carried out chiefly by fusion or fire assaying; but the word is also applied as wet assaying to the commercial analysis of many things where chemical solvents and reagents are used. Assay processes vary with different metals, but the method used with silver ore will serve as an illustration. The first process is called scorification. One part by weight of ore is mixed with from ten to twenty times its weight of granulated lead and half its weight of borax. This mixture is put in a fire-clay dish, called the scorifier, and heated to redness in a furnace having a compartment or muffle open to the air, called a muffle furnace, until the substances are thoroughly melted. The surface of the molten led now shows in a circular space in the center of the scorifier, while the earthy materials form a slag which forms a ring around this circle. The heating is continued until a considerable part of the lead has been oxidized to lead oxide. This goes into the slag and increases its amount so that the slag finally covers the diminishing metallic lead. Then the melted mixture is poured into a mould, and, on cooling, a lead button is seen which can be detached from the slag. The lead has taken up the silver as well as any gold that may be present. The next process is called cupellation. The cupel is a small cup made of burnt bone and is porous. The lead button is put in this vessel, after the latter has been heated to redness in a muffle furnace. The lead and other base metals that may be present are burned or oxidized, and the oxides are absorbed by the porous mass of the cupel, or sent off in the shape of vapor. Silver and gold are not oxidized, hence they remain in the metallic state. Just before the assay is finished, rainbow colors come and go over the button, and a brilliant flashing up of color marks the end of the operation. The silver button left in the cupel is finally weighed. This is one of the simplest methods, but not the only method of assaying. A crucible is sometimes used instead of a scorifier.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Assisi, St. Francis of

See also Francis of Assisi on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Assisi (a-sē' sē), St. Francis of, a devout Italian monk, born at Assisi in the province of Perugia, in 1182, and the founder of the Franciscan order. To his tomb, in the Church of San Francesco, Assisi, many thousands from, all parts of Europe make annual pilgrimages. The church is enriched by the possession of many remarkable frescoes and paintings by Cimabue and Giotto, which depict stories from the Old and New Testaments and incidents in the life of St. Francis of Assisi.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Ass

See also Donkey on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Ass. The ass, originally domesticated from the wild ass of Abyssinia, differs from the horse in its smaller size and its long hair tufted at the end of the tail. Its fur is usually of a gray color. The unwillingness it shows to cross the smallest stream and its fondness for rolling in the dust point to arid deserts as probably its first home. Its reputation for stupidity is very old. The Egyptians represented an ignorant person by the head and ears of an ass. In the middle ages the Germans of Westphalia made the ass represent Thomas, the unbelieving apostle, and the boy who was last to enter the school on St. Thomas’ Day was called the “Ass Thomas.” In southern Europe, the ass has been carefully bred and thus greatly improved. The small size of the animal in cold countries is as much due to neglect as to the climate. In Kentucky, where they are used in breeding mules, being well cared for, they are fifteen hands high on an average; while in the north of India, where they are used by the lowest castes, they are no taller than a Newfoundland dog. In Syria and Egypt the ass is seen at its best, and is highly prized as a domestic animal. Its milk is very valuable for invalids. Wild asses are hunted in Persia.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Assimilation

See also Photosynthesis on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
As′simila′tion (in plants). A term often applied to the manufacture by green plants of starch, sugar and similar substances (carbohydrates). This process is better called photosynthesis (which see), leaving assimilation to be applied to the transformation of foods (carbohydrates, proteids, fats, etc.) into the living substance, protoplasm. Of the details of this very little is known.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Assiniboine

See also Assiniboine on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Assin'iboine, an important river in northwestern Canada. The city of Brandon (Manitoba), is on its banks. Runs easterly to the Red River. The Souris and Qu'Appelle Rivers are its tributaries. Runs through a rich agricultural country. Length 450 miles.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Assuan Dam, The

See also Aswan Dam on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Assuan Dam (äs-swän) , The. A part of an extensive system of irrigation undertaken by the British government in Egvpt. Assuan is about six hundred miles up the Nile and is below the first cataract. By building dams across the Nile at Assuan and Assiut, it is proposed to form two great reservoirs in which to store the water during the annual overflow of the river. By this means a much greater area can be irrigated and brought under cultivation, and the productiveness of Egypt greatly increased. The dam at Assuan is a mile and a quarter long. It consists of a solid wall of granite rising ninety feet above the level of low Nile, and is about sixty feet in width at the top. The plans include a roadway across the top, so that there may be communication between the two sides of the river. There are one hundred and eighty sluices in the dam, each equipped with heavy steel doors which are readily opened and closed by means of levers. It is expected that this dam will form a lake one hundred and forty miles long. The stored up water partially submerges the island of Philæ with its interesting ruins.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Assam

See also Assam on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Assam (ăs-săm′), a province of British India, situated north of Burma in the valley of the Brahmaputra, acquired by the British in the Burmese War in 1824, and now under the jurisdiction of a British Chief Commissioner. Its area, still largely covered with jungle, in which roam elephants, tigers, leopards and other wild beasts, is 49,004 square miles in extent, with a population, chiefly Hindus and Mohammedans, of about five and a half million. Assam has a heavy annual rainfall, with a climate of moderate temperature; the region, however, is subject to earthquakes. Its chief exports embrace tea, rice, rubber, silk, cotton, ivory and gold; it has also much coal; while petroleum and iron, though as yet undeveloped, are known to exist. In the higher elevations there is much timber. The soil in the valleys and along its chief river, the Brahmaputra, is very fertile, though the excessive rains inundate the land and at seasons imperil the tea-plantations and the rice crop. See Cumming’s With the Jungle Folk and Hunter’s Statistical Account of Assam; also Bronson’s Dictionary in Assamese and English.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Associated Press

See also Associated Press on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Associated Press, the largest organization of its kind, is a mutual organization of persons representing newspapers, having for its purpose the collection and distribution of the important news of the world. There are about eight hundred and sixty members. For its more important service The Associated Press has its own leased wires, which form a network across the continent from Bangor, Me., to Seattle, Wash., and San Diego, Cal., and from Duluth, Minn., to New Orleans, Galveston and Tampa, Fla. The total mileage of this leased wire system is approximately: Day wires 22,000 miles; night wires 28,000. From various points along the trunk lines the report is sent to interior cities. Each of its members engages to contribute the news of his immediate vicinage to The Associated Press. The annual revenues, which are derived from assessments levied upon its members, approximate $3,000,000 while the number of words daily received and transmitted at each of the more important offices is over 50,000, or the equivalent of thirty-five columns of the average newspaper. The headquarters are in New York with bureaus at thirty-five other cities in this country and at the important capitals of other nations. It has correspondents all over the world and coöperative relations with the largest similar organizations in foreign lands. It is governed by a Board of Directors, fifteen in number, chosen for three-year terms by the members in annual meetings. It has no stock, no dividends and no profits of any character, its revenue being derived from assessments of its members.
The present organization operates under a New York charter, secured in 1900, and is the outgrowth of several earlier and competing associations.
          Frederick R. Martin,
             Assistant General Manager,
                Associated Press.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Kentucky University

Edition of 1905. See also Transylvania University on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​KENTUCKY UNIVERSITY. An institution of higher learning, chartered in 1837 as Bacon College at Georgetown, Ky. It was removed to Harrodsburg in 1839, and in 1858 was reorganized as Kentucky University under an amended charter. After the destruction of the college by fire in 1864, it was consolidated with Transylvania University, founded in 1783, and took possession of that institution's property at Lexington. The university comprises four colleges: The College of Liberal Arts, the College of the Bible, and the Commercial College, at Lexington; and the Medical Department, at Louisville. Of these the Commercial and Liberal Arts departments are open to women. The Kentucky Agricultural and Mechanical College was one of the colleges of the university from 1865 until 1878, when it began an independent existence. The university is under the control of the Disciples of Christ. It had in 1902 about 60 instructors and 1200 students, an endowment of $300,000, grounds and buildings valued at $500,000. Its library of 20,000 volumes has been turned into the library of the city of Lexington for combined use.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Kephir

Edition of 1905. See also Kefir on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​KEPHIR, or KEFIR, kĕf′ẽr (Caucasian, from Turk. kaif, delight). A fermented beverage made from milk, and similar to koumiss (q.v.). It is made in the Caucasus, and has been introduced into Europe and America, where it is prescribed for invalids. In the United States cow's milk alone is commonly used, although a mixture of milk and buttermilk is sometimes employed. The true kephir fermentation is induced by kephir grains, which are hard, yellowish aggregations about the size of a pea, and contain several yeasts and a number of different forms of bacteria. At the proper temperature the fermentation is completed in two or three days. Frequent shaking prevents the rising of the cream and later the formation of lumps of curd. A part of the milk-sugar is broken up into alcohol, carbonic-acid gas, and lactic acid; but the casein is apparently not changed as it is in the case of koumiss. Good kephir should be effervescent. It contains about 0.75 per cent. of alcohol and 1 per cent. of lactic acid, together with the constituents of normal milk in slightly diminished proportions.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Kenyon, Frederick George

Edition of 1905. See also Frederic G. Kenyon on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​KENYON, kēn′yon, Frederick George (1863— ). A distinguished English classical scholar and paleographist, born in London. He graduated at New College, Oxford; was made fellow of Magdalen College (1888) and assistant keeper of MSS. in the British Museum (1889—). Mr. Kenyon has done valuable service in the cause of classical studies by his publications of texts discovered in papyri belonging to the British Museum. The most important of these are: Aristotle's Constitution of Athens (1891); Herondas (1891); Hyperides (1891-92); Bacchylides (1897); and other classical texts. He has also published: Paleography of Greek Papyri (1899); Handbook to the Textual Criticism of the New Testament (1901); and various works on biblical manuscripts. Besides these he has edited the poems and letters of the Brownings. He has received the degree of Litt.D. from Durham, and Ph.D. from the University of Halle.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Kenyon, John

Edition of 1905. See also John Kenyon (patron) on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​KENYON, John (1784-1856). A British poet and philanthropist. He was born on the island of Jamaica, West Indies; was left an orphan while a schoolboy in Bristol, England; and was educated at the Charterhouse, London, and at Peterhouse College, Cambridge. He became the associate and friend of Coleridge, Wordsworth, Southey, Charles Lamb, the Brownings, and numerous other celebrities, including Bayard Taylor and James T. Fields, and, possessed of great wealth, was the helpful and unostentatious benefactor of many of the more needy of his literary friends. His poetical works include: A Rhymed Plea for Tolerance (1833); Poems for the Most Part Occasional (1838); and A Day at Tivoli, with Other Verses (1849). He was twice married, and his second wife is the ‘Nea’ of some of his most graceful verses. He was widely known for his hospitality, his generosity, and his charities. Eighty legatees were mentioned in his will, which included various benevolent institutions and many of his friends.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Kentucky Warbler

Edition of 1905. See also Kentucky warbler on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​KENTUCKY WARBLER. One of the most beautiful of the American wood-warblers (Geothlypis formosa), migratory and numerous in summer in the southeastern parts of the United States. It is clear olive-green, bright yellow below; head and neck of male black, with a yellow stripe above and behind the eye. In the female the black is replaced by dusky olive. Its terrestrial habits lead it to haunt thickets near streams for the most part, and its nest is made on or near the ground. See Warbler, and Colored Plate of American Wood-Warblers.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Kentville

Edition of 1905. See also Kentville on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​KENT′VILLE. The capital of King's County, Nova Scotia, Canada, on the Cornwallis River, 55 miles northwest of Halifax (Map: Nova Scotia, K 4). It has mills and factories, and is the headquarters of the Dominion Atlantic Railway. It is a favorite angling and shooting resort. Population, in 1901, 1731.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Keokuk (Iowa)

Edition of 1905. See also Keokuk, Iowa on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​KE′OKUK. A city and one of the county-seats of Lee County, Iowa, 160 miles southeast of the State capital, Des Moines; at the confluence of the Mississippi and Des Moines rivers; and on the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy, the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific, the Toledo, Peoria and Western, the Wabash, and other railroads (Map: Iowa, F 4). It is at the foot of the Des Moines Rapids of the Mississippi, around which a canal eight miles long with three sets of locks, built by the Federal Government at a cost of between seven and eight million dollars, and opened in 1877, provides a navigable waterway. With these transportation facilities, both by rail and by water, Keokuk has developed into an important wholesale and jobbing place, and, as the centre of a fertile agricultural section, controls an extensive trade in farm products. The river falls 21 feet in 12 miles, affording at this point great possibilities for water-power, estimated at from fifty thousand to five hundred thousand horse-power, which is now being developed. The industrial establishments include lumber-mills, powder-works, canning and pickle establishments, a poultry-packing plant, tin-can factory, stove-works, garment factories, boot and shoe factories, a cereal factory, and flour-mills. The city, locally known as the ‘Gate City,’ ​extends from the river to the summit of high bluffs, and has wide streets. Among its features may be mentioned Rand Park, the burial-place of the Indian chief after whom the city was named, the National Cemetery, a public library of 17,000 volumes; and among educational institutions, a college of physicians, established in 1849, and a large dental college. Other noteworthy structures are the United States Government building, the high-school building, the Union railroad station, Young Men's Christian Association building, and opera-house. The railroad and wagon bridge across the Mississippi River here is over 2000 feet long. Keokuk was incorporated first in 1848, and is governed, as are four other cities in Iowa, by special charter. The government is vested in a mayor, elected biennially; a unicameral council; and subordinate municipal officials, of whom the more important are appointed or elected as follows: By the mayor—the police and deputy marshal, light inspector, street supervisor, and calaboose-keeper; by the mayor, with the consent of the council—the library committee, park commissioners, and city weigher; by the council—the mayor pro tem., city attorney, clerk of the Superior Court, city engineer, treasurer, and sidewalk inspector; and by the people—the judge of the Superior Court, city marshal, and assessor. Population, in 1890, 14,101; in 1900, 14,641. Consult “Early Days in Keokuk,” in Annals of Iowa, vol. iii. (Iowa City, 1871).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Kenyon College

Edition of 1905. See also Kenyon College on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​KENYON COLLEGE. A college under the control of the Protestant Episcopal Church, incorporated in 1824 at Worthington, Ohio, under the name of the Theological Seminary of the Protestant Episcopal Church, in the Diocese of Ohio, and removed to Gambier in 1827. After many changes of place, three institutions were established—a theological seminary, a college, and a preparatory school. The corporate name was changed in 1891 to Kenyon College. In 1903 Kenyon had a faculty of 28, and a student enrollment of 109 in the college, 24 in the theological seminary, and 70 in the grammar school. The library contained 35,000 volumes. The buildings and grounds were valued at $300,000, and the whole amount of property under the control of the college at $846,000. The endowment was $501,000, and the gross income $33,000. In 1901 Senator Hanna, of Ohio, gave $60,000 for the erection of a new dormitory. Kenyon has been known as one of the first and best colleges west of the Alleghanies. It has had many distinguished graduates, among them Rutherford B. Hayes, Edwin M. Stanton, Henry W. Davis, and Stanley Matthews.