OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Cull, Thomas (a)

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​CULL. (Retired Commander, 1844. f-p., 14; h-p., 38.)
Thomas Cull (a) died, 22 Sept. 1846, at Plympton, Devon, aged 71.
This officer entered the Navy, in Dec. 1794, as Ordinary, on board the Peterel 18, Capt. Edw. Leveson Gower, stationed in the North Sea. Joining, as Midshipman, in April, 1795, the Babet 20, Capts. Edw. Codrington and Wm. Grenville Lobb, he sailed for the West Indies, where he continued principally to serve, until 1802, as Master’s Mate of L’Aimable 32, Capt. W. G. Lobb, and Hydra 38, and Powerful 74, both commanded by Capt. Sir F. Laforey. When in the Hydra, cruizing in company with the Trial cutter, and Vesuvius bomb, Mr. Cull, on 1 May, 1798, witnessed the destruction, after an engagement of three-quarters of an hour, of La Confiante, French frigate of 36 guns and 300 men, and the simultaneous defeat of La Vésuve, corvette of 20 guns. He re-embarked, in May, 1803, on board the Nimrod 18, Capt. Terence O’Neill; ​and afterwards joined, as Acting-Master, the Milbrook schooner, Capt. John Cook Carpenter, and Star 18, Capt. John Simpson – in the former of which vessels he contributed to the capture, 9 May, 1805, of La Travela, Spanish privateer, of 3 guns and 40 men. Obtaining his commission 16 Jan. 1808, he was subsequently appointed, 19 March, 1808, and 23 Jan. 1809, to the Belle Poule 38, Capt. J. Brisbane, and Lucifer bomb, Capt. R. Hall, both on the Mediterranean station – and, 23 Nov. in the latter year, to the Valiant 74, Capt. John Bligh, stationed in the Channel. Commander Cull, who invalided from extreme bad health, in May, 1810, and had been ever since on half-pay, accepted retired rank 19 Oct. 1844.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Crozier, William Pearson

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​CROZIER. (Lieut., 1837. f-p., 24; h-p., 0.)
William Pearson Crozier is a younger brother of Capt. Rich. Crozier, R.N.
This officer entered the Navy, in Dec. 1823, on board the Lively 46, Capt. Wm. Elliott, of which frigate his brother was at the time a Lieutenant. He passed his examination in 1830; obtained his commission 1 Sept. 1837; and being appointed, 21 Oct. following, to the Wasp 16, Capts. Hon. Dudley Worsley Anthony Pelham and Geo. Mansel, was the only Lieutenant on board that sloop at the taking of Sidon, and attack on the fortifications of St. Jean d’Acre, 26 Sept. and 3 Nov. 1840. He was subsequently invested with the command – 30 Aug. 1841, of the Pantaloon 10, lying at Portsmouth – and 21 June, 1842, and 19 Dec. 1843, of the Sydenham and Pluto steam-vessels, in which he appears to have been employed on the Canadian Lakes, and on the West India and Home stations. He has been attached, since 30 June, 1845, as Additional-Lieutenant, to the Victoria and Albert steam-yacht, Capt. Lord Adolphus FitzClarenee. Agents – Stilwell.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Crutchley, James

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​CRUTCHLEY. (Lieut., 1816. f-p., 13; h-p., 31.)
James Crutchley entered the Navy, 20 June, 1803, as Fst.-cl. Vol., on board the Prince of Wales 98, Capt. Wm. Cuming, bearing the flag in the Channel of Sir Robt. Calder. In Oct. 1804, he removed to the Veteran 64, Capts. Jas. Newman Newman and Andrew Fitzherbert Evans, under the latter of whom he was for some time employed, as Midshipman, in the West Indies. He then came home in the Fortunée 36, Capt. Henry Vansittart; and afterwards served, between Sept. 1806, and June, 1809, on board the Atlas 98, flag-ship at Cadiz of Rear-Admiral John Child Purvis, Renommée 38, Capt. Sir Thos. Livingstone, for passage home, Hero 74, Capt. J. N. Newman, in the North Sea, and Virginie 33, Capt. Edw. Brace, on the Irish station. In Oct. 1811, he became attached to the Niemen 38, Capt. Sam. Pym, off St. Helena. He joined, in Sept. 1813, the President 38, Capts. Fras. Mason and Arch. Duff, on the coast of ireland; and from March, 1815, until the autumn of 1816, again served with Capt. Brace, as Master’s Mate, in the Berwick 74, and Impregnable 104. For his conduct in the latter ship at the bombardment of Algiers, 27 Aug. 1816, on which occasion she bore the flag of Rear-Admiral David Milne, he was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant 16 Sept. 1816. He was subsequently employed in the Northumberland 78, Capts. Sir Michael Seymour and Thos. Harvey, guard-ship in the river Medway, from 9 Sept. 1818, until the summer of 1821; and since the latter date has been on half-pay. Agents – Messrs. Stilwell.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Crouch, Edward Thomas

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​CROUCH. (Commander, 1821. f-p., 26; h-p., 23.)
Edward Thomas Crouch died in Dec. 1846.
This officer entered the Navy, 16 June, 1798, as A.B., on board the Royal Oak 74, Capt. Thos. Rowe, lying at Portsmouth, where he attained the rating of Midshipman 16 Dec. 1799. He became attached, in June, 1801, to the Malta 80, Capt. Albemarle Bertie, employed on Channel service; was wrecked, while afterwards serving on board the Apollo 36, Capt. John Wm. Taylor Dixon, off the coast of Portugal, 1 April, 1804; then joined the Puissant 74, Capt. John Irwin, guard-ship at Spithead; was appointed, 19 March, 1805, Sub-Lieutenant of the Growler gun-brig, Lieut.-Commander Jonas Rose; and, on 7 May following, obtained a full Lieutenancy in the Warrior 74, Capts. Sam. Hood Linzee, Michael Seymour, and John Wm. Spranger. Rejoining Capt. Seymour, 13 June, 1807, in the Amethyst, of 42 guns and 261 men, Mr. Crouch won the official praise of that gallant Commander by his admirable exertions at the capture, 11 Nov. 1808, off L’Orient, of the French frigate La Thetis, of 44 guns and 436 men, including troops, which was boarded and carried at the close of a furious contest of more than three hours, in which the British lost 19 men killed and 51 wounded, and the enemy 135 killed and 102 wounded. On 6 April, 1809, he also took part in a severe intermittent action of about four hours, which terminated in the capture, with a loss to the Amethyst of 8 men killed and 37 wounded, of another of the enemy’s frigates, Le Niemen, of 46 guns and 339 men, of whom 47 were slain and 73 wounded. After attending the expedition to Flushing, Mr. Crouch, in Sept. 1809, accompanied Capt. Seymour, as First-Lieutenant, into his prize, the Niemen, which had been added to the British Navy as a 38-gun frigate; and, on 13 April, 1812, he again followed him, in a similar capacity, into the Hannibal 74. While cruizing off Cherbourg, in March, 1814, we further discover him assisting at the capture, and conducting as Prize-Master into Portsmouth, the 40-gun frigate Sultane. From 10 Sept. 1818, until his attainment of Commander’s rank, 19 July, 1821, Lieut. Crouch served, with Sir M. Seymour and Capt. Thos. Harvey, as Senior of the Northumberland 78, guard-ship in the river Medway; after which he held a command in the Coast Guard from 1825 until 1828; and officiated as Secretary, in 1833-4, to his friend Sir M. Seymour, then Commander-in-Chief on the South American station, and, from the early part of 1842, until 18 Jan. 1844, to Sir Edw. Brace, Commander-in-Chief at the Nore. He died Superintendent of the Packet service at Southampton, to which he had been but just appointed.
He married, 4 Dec. 1814, the only daughter of Capt. Rich. Runwa Bowyer (1798), who died 11 Feb. 1823; and has left, with other issue, a son, the present Commander Edw. Crouch, R.N. Agents – Goode and Lawrence.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Crowdy, Charles

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​CROWDY. (Captain, 1834. f-p., 19; h-p., 29.)
Charles Crowdy, born in March, 1786, at Highworth, co. Wilts, is son of a gentleman who for many years practised as a solicitor at that place.
This officer entered the Navy, 7 Sept. 1799, as Ordinary, on board La Décade frigate, Capt. Jas. Wallace, fitting for the West Indies, whence he came home with the same Captain, in Sept. 1800, as Midshipman of the Brunswick 74. On next joining the Ganges 74, Capt. Thos. Fras. Fremantle, he officiated as Aide-de-Camp to that officer at the battle of Copenhagen 2 April, 1801; after which he became attached, in 1805-6, to the Urania 38, Capt. Hon. Chas. Herbert, with whom he visited Quebec, and to the Hibernia 110, flag-ship in the Channel of Earl St. Vincent. On 17 March, 1806, we find him promoted to a Lieutenancy in the Hazard 18, Capt. Chas. Dilkes, stationed off the coast of France, where he took part in several cutting-out affairs, and on the last of those occasions received a gun-shot wound through the arm, which procured him a gratuity of 50l. from the Patriotic Fund. Between Dec. 1807, and July, 1814, Mr. Crowdy further served, on the Mediterranean, East India, and Home stations, on board the Pilot 18, Capt. Hon. Wm. Walpole, Bittern 18, Capt. Thos. Ussher, Cornelia 32, Capt. Henry Folkes Edgell, Diomede 50, Capt. Hugh Cook, Stirling Castle and Bellerophon 74’s, both commanded by Capt. Augustus Brine, and Rippon 74, Capt. Sir Christ. Cole. In the latter ship he witnessed the capture, 21 Oct. 1813, of the French 40-gun frigate Le Weser, and, in Feb. following, of a Spanish treasure-ship. Until advanced to the rank of Commander, 25 March, 1824, his next appointments were – 20 March, 1822, to the Bulwark 76, flag-ship at the Nore of Sir Benj. Hallowell – and, 12 Dec. 1823, to the Maidstone 42, Capt. Chas. Bullen, on the African station. He afterwards commanded, from 29 Dec. 1825, until 1829, the Badger sloop, in the North Sea. Since his attainment of Post-rank, 13 Jan. 1834, he has not been afloat.
Capt. Crowdy is Senior of 1834. He married, in 1816, the only daughter of the late John C. Lewis, Esq., of Westbury, near Bristol, and niece of Chas. Lewis, Esq., of St. Pierre Park, near Chepstow, by whom he has issue. Agents – Hallett and Robinson.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Crozier, Francis Rawdon Moira

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​CROZIER. (Captain, 1841. f-p., 28; h-p., 9.)
Francis Rawdon Moira Crozier was born at Banbridge, co. Down, Ireland.
This officer entered the Navy, 12 June, 1810, as Fst.-cl. Vol., on board the Hamadryad 36, Capt. Sir Thos. Staines; and on removing with the latter, as Midshipman, in June, 1812, to the Briton 38, took his departure for the Pacific. After a further attachment of nearly two years to the Meander 38, Capts. John Bastard and Arthur Fanshawe, lying in the river Thames, and Queen Charlotte 100, flag-ship at Portsmouth of Sir Edw. Thornbrough, he proceeded to the Cape of Good Hope, in 1818, as Mate (having passed his examination in Feb. 1817) of the Doterel 18, Capt. Gore. On his return to England in 1821 Mr. Crozier was appointed to the Fury discovery-ship, Capt. Wm. Edw. Parry; in which, and the Hecla, we find him accompanying that officer in the two successive expeditions that sailed from this country for the purpose of ascertaining the existence of a North-West passage; 8 May, 1821, and 8 May, 1824. For his services on the last occasion he was rewarded with a Lieutenant’s commission, dated 2 March, 1826; subsequently to which he rejoined the Hecla, and, becoming a third time the associate of Capt. Parry, left Deptford on another exploratory voyage to the Arctic regions 25 March, 1827. On the Hecla being brought to an anchor, 20 June following, in Treurenburg Bay, lat. 79° 55' 20" N., long. 16° 48' 45" E., Mr. Crozier accompanied his enterprising Captain, who then set out with two sledge-boats on a further progress to the northward across the ice, as far as Walden Island, where they parted company, the former retracing his steps towards the ship. The expedition ultimately returning to the Thames in Oct. 1827, the subject of this memoir was next appointed, 26 April, 1831, to the Stag 46, Capts. Sir Edw. Thos. Troubridge ​and Nich. Lockyer, employed off the coasts of Spain and Portugal, and, 23 Dec. 1835, as First-Lieutenant, to the Cove, Capt. Jas. Clark Ross. On his subsequent return from Davis Strait and Baffin Bay, whither he had gone in quest of some missing whalers, he assumed the rank of Commander 10 Jan. 1837; and, on 11 May, 1839, was appointed to the Terror, in which vessel he soon afterwards sailed with an expedition, under Capt. James Clark Ross, for the purposes of magnetic research and geographical discovery in the Antarctic Ocean. Capt. Crozier, who during his absence was advanced to Post-rank, 16 Aug. 1841, arrived in England in 1843; and – having recommissioned the Terror, 8 March, 1845 – is now co-operating with Sir John Franklin in a fresh attempt to explore the North-West Passage through Lancaster Sound and Bering Strait. Agent – Joseph Woodhead.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Crotty, William

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​CROTTY. (Lieut., 1809. f-p., 18; h-p., 36.)
William Crotty was born 7 July, 1772.
This officer entered the Navy (into which he was impressed), 23 May, 1793, as A.B., on board the Orestes 18, Capt. Lord Augustus Fitzroy, stationed in the Channel; served next, from Jan. 1794, to Jan. 1799, in the Resolution 74, flag-ship in North America of Rear-Admirals Murray and Vandeput; and on then joining La Seine, of 48 guns and 281 men, was present, 21 Aug. 1800, at the capture, in the Mona Passage, of La Vengeance, of 52 guns and 326 men, after a brilliant contest of two hours and a half, in which the British lost 13 men killed and 29 wounded, and the French more than twice that number. Until the peace of Amiens he further served in the West Indies as Midshipman of the Carnatic 74, Capt. Edw. Tyrrell Smith; after which we find him successively joining, between 1 Jan. 1804, and the date of his promotion, 25 March, 1809 – the Louisa and Maria, hired armed tenders, both under the command of Lieut. John Keenan – Hibernia 110, and London 98, flag-ships in the Channel of Lord Gardner and Earl St. Vincent – Tartarus sloop, Capt. Thos. Fras. Chas. Mainwaring, in which he received a wound at the bombardment of Copenhagen in Sept. 1807 – and Vixen gun-brig, Lieut.-Commander Mayson Wright. From 10 Nov. 1809, until 19 Feb. 1814, Mr. Crotty lastly served, on the Plymouth and Newfoundland stations, as Lieutenant of the Pheasant 18, Capt. John Palmer. He has not since been afloat.
Lieut. Crotty has been in the enjoyment, since 4 April, 1844, of a pension for wounds of 8l. He married 5 March, 1815; and has had issue 17 children.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Crozier, Richard

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​CROZIER. (Captain, 1839. f-p., 16; h-p., 18.)
Richard Crozier, born 26 Aug. 180.3, is eldest son of R. B. Crozier, Esq., a retired military officer, of West Hill, Isle of Wight; brother of the present Lieut. W. P. Crozier, R.N.; grandson of the gallant Sir Rich. Pearson, Knight, who, in Sept. 1799, beat off an American squadron of twice his own force under the notorious Paul Jones, by which achievement a convoy valued at upwards of 600,000l. was saved to the country, and who afterwards died Lieut.-Governor of Greenwich Hospital in Jan. 1806; and nephew of the late Capt. Rich. Harrison Pearson, R.N. (1798).
This officer entered the Navy, 1 Nov. 1813, as Fst.-cl. Vol., on board the Benbow 74, commanded by his uncle, Capt. R. H. Pearson, in which ship he cruized on the West India station until Oct. 1814. In Feb. 1817, he became a student at the Royal Naval College, where he remained until April, 1819. He then re-embarked on board the Active 46, Capts. Sir Jas. Alex. Gordon and Andrew King, employed successively on the North American and Mediterranean stations; attained the rating of Midshipman 20 April, 1820; and after a further attachment, on the Home station, to the Carnation tender, Lieut.-Commander Chas. Witham, and Apollo and Royal Sovereign yachts, Capts. Hon. Sir Chas. Paget and Chas. Adam, obtained his first commission 6 Sept. 1823. As a Lieutenant, Mr. Crozier’s appointments appear to have been – 22 March, 1823, and 25 Feb. 1826, to the Lively 46, Capt. Wm. Elliott, and Ariadne 26, Capt. Adolphus FitzClarenee, in which frigates he served on the Lisbon, West India, and Mediterranean stations. Being awarded the rank of Commander, 30 April, 1827, he subsequently officiated, for a few months in 1831, as Second Captain of the Prince Regent 120, flag-ship in the Channel and off Lisbon of Rear-Admiral Wm. Parker – and was appointed, 20 Dec. 1834, to the Victor 16. During upwards of four years that he continued in the latter vessel, Capt. Crozier cruised against the pirates in the Straits of Malacca,, and visited Australia, New Zealand, and the islands of the South Pacific. Since his Post-promotion, 26 March, 1839, he has not been afloat.
For his contributory services, when Lieutenant of the Lively, in protecting and restoring Don John to the throne of Portugal, Capt. Crozier was by that monarch rireated a Knight of the Tower and Sword in May, 1824. He married, 18 June, 1839, Julia, fourth daughter of Geo. Stone, Esq., of Chislehurst, co. Kent, by whom he has issue a son and daughter. Agents – Messrs. Stilwell.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Smith, Sir William

Smith, Sir William (1813-1893). -- Lexicographer, ed. at Univ. Coll., London, was a contributor to the Penny Magazine and compiled or ed. many useful works of reference, including Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities (1842), and dictionaries of the Bible, of Christian Antiquities, and Christian Biography, etc., also various school series and educational handbooks, including The Classical Dictionary. He held various academical degrees, including Ph.D. of Leipsic, and was knighted in 1892.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Smith, Walter Chalmers

Smith, Walter Chalmers (1824-1908). -- B. in Aberdeen and ed. there and at Edin., was a minister of the Free Church of Scotland at Orwell, Glasgow, and Edinburgh successively, a distinguished preacher and a man of kindly nature and catholic sympathies. He attained considerable reputation as a poet. Among his works are The Bishop's Walk (1861), Olrig Grange (1872), Hilda among the Broken Gods (1878), Raban (1880), Kildrostan (1884), and A Heretic (1890). Some of these were written under the names of "Orwell" and Hermann Kunst. He received the degrees of D.D. and LL.D.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Smith, William Robertson

Smith, William Robertson (1846-1894). -- Theologian and Semitic scholar, s. of the Free Church minister of Keig, Aberdeenshire, studied for the ministry of that Church. In 1870 he was appointed Prof. of Hebrew, etc., in its coll. at Aberdeen, a position which he had to resign on account of his advanced critical views. He became joint ed. of The Encyclopædia Britannica, and in 1883 Prof. of Arabic at Camb. S. was a man of brilliant and versatile talents, a mathematician as well as a scholar, somewhat uncompromising and aggressive in the exposition and defence of his views.page 349 His works include The Old Testament in the Jewish Church (1881), and The Religion of the Semites (1889).
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Smith, Albert

Smith, Albert (1816-1860). -- Humorous writer, studied medicine, and for a short time assisted his f. in practice. He was one of the original contributors to Punch, and among his books are The Adventures of Mr. Ledbury and The Scattergood Family. He also lectured and gave entertainments, including The Ascent of Mont Blanc, which were highly popular.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Smith, Horace

Smith, Horace (1779-1849), Smith, James (1775-1839). -- Humorists, s. of a London lawyer who was solicitor to the Board of Ordnance. James succeeded his f.; Horace became a successful stockbroker. Both brothers were distinguished for brilliant wit and humour. Their first great hit was Rejected Addresses (1812), extremely clever parodies on leading contemporary poets. To this jeu d'esprit James contributed among others imitations of Wordsworth, Coleridge, and Crabbe, while Horace's share included Scott page 348and Moore. James pub. little more, but anonymously gave Charles Matthews assistance in his entertainments. Horace pub. several novels which, with perhaps the exception of Brambletye House, are now forgotten. He also wrote The Address to a Mummy, a remarkable poem in which wit and true sentiment are admirably combined. Both brothers were highly esteemed not only for their social qualities, but for their benevolence and goodness of heart.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Smith, Adam

Smith, Adam (1723-1790). -- Philosopher and economist, b. at Kirkcaldy, Fife, the s. of the Controller of Customs there. His f. d. shortly before his birth. The first and only adventure in his tranquil life was his being kidnapped by gipsies. After being at the Grammar School of Kirkcaldy, he went to the Univ. of Glasgow, whence he proceeded to Oxf. On the conclusion of his Univ. course he returned to Kirkcaldy, going subsequently to Edinburgh, where he was soon recognised as a man of unusual intellect. In 1751 he was appointed to the Chair of Logic at Glasgow, which he next year exchanged for that of Moral Philosophy, and in 1759 he pub. his Theory of the Moral Sentiments. He received in 1762 the degree of LL.D. from his Univ., and two years later resigned his chair and page 347became travelling tutor to the young Duke of Buccleuch, accompanying him to the Continent. He remained for nearly a year in Paris, and made the acquaintance of the brilliant circle of savans in that city. Returning to Kirkcaldy in 1766 he lived there with his mother for nearly ten years in retirement and close study, the results of which were given to the world in 1776 in the publication of his epoch-making work, Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (1776). This book may be said to have founded the science of political economy, and to have created a new department of literature; and very few works have, to the same extent, influenced the practical history of the world. In 1778 S. was made a Commissioner of Customs, and settled in Edinburgh; and in 1787 he was elected Lord Rector of the Univ. of Glasgow. In addition to the works above mentioned, he wrote various essays on philosophical subjects, and an account of the last days of David Hume. The style of his works was plain and lucid, and he had a remarkable faculty of apt illustration.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Smith, Alexander

Smith, Alexander (1830-1867). -- Poet and essayist, s. of a Paisley pattern-designer, at first followed the same occupation in Glasgow, but having become known as a poet of promise was, in 1854, appointed Sec. of Edin. Univ. After contributing to the Glasgow Citizen he pub. A Life Drama (1853), which received much admiration. Thereafter appeared War Sonnets (in conjunction, with S. Dobell, q.v.), City Poems (1857), and Edwin of Deira (1861). In prose he wrote Dreamthorpe (essays), A Summer in Skye, and two novels, Alfred Hagart's Household and Miss Dona M'Quarrie. His poems were in a rich and glowing style, but by some good judges were held to show fancy rather than imagination. He belonged to what was called the "spasmodic" school of poetry.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Smith, Sydney

Smith, Sydney (1771-1845). -- Miscellaneous writer, b. at Woodford, Essex, the s. of a gentleman of independent means, and ed. at Winchester and Oxf., took orders 1794, becoming curate of Amesbury. He came to Edinburgh as tutor to a gentleman's s., was introduced to the circle of brilliant young Whigs there, and assisted in founding the Edinburgh Review. He then went to London, where he was for a time preacher at the Foundling Hospital, and lectured on moral philosophy at the Royal Institution. His brilliant wit and general ability made him a favourite in society, while by his power of clear and cogent argument he exercised a strong influence on the course of politics. His Plymley Letters did much to advance the cause of Catholic emancipation. He received various preferments, and became a canon of St. Paul's. In politics he was a Whig, in his Church views an Erastian; and in the defence of his principles he was honest and courageous. Though not remarkable for religious devotion he was a hard-working and, according to his lights, useful country parson. By the death of a younger brother he in his later years came into a considerable fortune.