OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Gumble, Thomas

1904 Errata appended.
​GUMBLE, THOMAS, D.D. (d. 1676), biographer, for some time vicar of Chipping Wycombe, Bucks (cf. Lamb MSS. Aug. 972, p. 79; Price, the King's Restauration, p. 35) was appointed chaplain to Monck, then in Scotland, at the end of 1655 (Gumble, Life of Monck, p. 92 ). Monck, finding him an excellent man of business, entrusted him with many delicate commissions. On 4 Jan. 1659–60 he was despatched from Newcastle-upon-Tyne to London with Monck's letters to the parliament and city (ib. pp. 202–3; Price, Life of Monck, p. 77). On his arrival (12 Jan.) parliament ordered 100l. to be given him (Whitelocke, Memorials, p. 693), and recommended him (26 Jan.) for the first vacant fellowship at Eton (Cal. State Papers, Dom., 1659–60). In 1661 he was made D.D. of Cambridge by royal mandate, and on 6 July of the same year was collated to the twelfth prebendal stall in Winchester Cathedral (Le Neve, Fasti, ed. Hardy, iii. 43). On 21 May 1663 he received the rectory of East Lavant, Sussex (Cal. State Papers, Dom., 1663–4, pp. 57, 146). Much to his regret, ill-health prevented him from performing his duty as chaplain of the Royal Charles during the conflict with the Dutch in February 1666 (ib. 1665–6, p. 262). He died in 1676, apparently unmarried, for his estate was administered to on 10 March 1676–7 by his brothers Stephen and John Gumble (Administration Act Book, P. C. C., 1677, f. 41). He is represented as an amiable and kindly man(cf. Cal. State Papers, Dom., 1667, p. 266). His only published work was a valuable 'Life of General Monck, Duke of Albemarle, &c., with Remarks upon his Actions,'8vo,London, 1671. A French translation (by Guy Miege) was issued at London in 1672. Some copies of the translation have a second additional title-page, printed at Cologne in 1712, when the work was sold to advance the cause of the Pretender.
G. G.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.143 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 338 | i | 10 | Gumble, Thomas: after biographer insert for some time vicar of Chipping Wycombe, Bucks (cf. Lamb MSS. Aug. 972, p. 79; Price, the King's Restauration, p. 35) |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Guthry, Henry

​GUTHRY, HENRY (1600?–1676), bishop of Dunkeld. [See Guthrie.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Guthrie, William (1708-1770)

​GUTHRIE, WILLIAM (1708–1770), miscellaneous writer, the son of an episcopalian clergyman, was born at Brechin, Forfarshire, in 1708. He was educated at Aberdeen University with a view to becoming a parochial schoolmaster, but he settled in London in 1730, and tried literature. He was first engaged in reporting and arranging parliamentary debates for the 'Gentleman's Magazine,' his reports being revised by ​Johnson. He gradually made a reputation as a political writer, and in 1745 received a pension of 200l. a year from the Pelham government. So considerable was his influence, and so unscrupulous were his political opinions, that he asked for and was granted a renewal of his pension by the Bute government in 1762. In 1763 he published his first book, a 'Complete List of the English Peerage.' In spite of revision by noblemen this work is inaccurate. His next work was a 'History of England from the Invasion of Julius Cæsar to 1688,' 4 vols., Lond. 1744-51, which was the first attempt to base history on parliamentary records. About 1764-7 he published, along with certain collaborators 'eminent in this branch of literature,' 'A General History of the World, from the Creation to the Present Time,' in twelve volumes; this was favourably noticed in the 'Critical Review,' as it was said, by the author himself. In 1767 appeared 'A General History of Scotland,' 10 vols. 8vo. It is painstaking and vigorous, but inaccurate, particularly in the early periods. Probably his most noted book was his 'Geographical, Historical, and Commercial Grammar' (1770), which reached numerous editions, and was translated into French in 1801. Besides translations from Quintilian (1756) and Cicero (1744-54-55-58), he also wrote 'The Friends,' a sentimental history, in two volumes (1754), and 'Remarks on English Tragedy' (1757). Guthrie is more than once referred to by Johnson in terms of some respect. He died on 9 March 1770, and was buried in Marylebone.
W. B-e.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jenynges, Edward

​JENYNGES, EDWARD (fl. 1574), poet, was author of ‘The Notable Hystory of two faithfull Louers named Alfagus and Archelaus. Whearein is declared the true fygure of Amytie and Freyndship. Much pleasaunte and delectable to the Reader. Translated into English meeter by Edwarde Ienynges. With a Preface or Definytion of Freyndshyppe to the same. Imprinted … by Thomas Colwell,’ 1574, 4to, pp. 184, bl. letter. The poem was licensed to Colwell in 1565. It is founded on the story of Orestes and Pylades. The preface on friendship consists of twenty-two seven-line stanzas; the poem itself is in a ballad metre of eight-line stanzas. Probably Jenynges was also author of ‘A Briefe Discovery of the Damages that happen to this Realme by disordered and unlawfull diet. The Benefites and Commodities that otherwise might ensue. With a persuasion of the people for a better maintenance to the Navie. Briefly compiled by Edward Jeninges,’ 1593, 4to. This is dedicated to Charles Howard, afterwards earl of Nottingham, lord high admiral, and contains three seven-line stanzas ‘to the Reader.’ There is a paper by Jenynges in the Lansdowne MS. No. 101, ‘On the Utility to the Realm by observing days for Eating Fish only.’ It is addressed to Lord Burghley.
[T. Corser's Collectanea Anglo-Poetica, viii. 303; Arber's Stationers' Registers, i. 297; Ritson's Bibl. Poet. p. 257; Brit. Mus. Cat.]
R. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jenour, Joshua

​JENOUR, JOSHUA (1755–1863), miscellaneous writer, eldest son of Joshua Jenour, master of the Stationers' Company, and one of the proprietors and manager of the ‘Daily Advertiser,’ was born on 31 July 1755, at Serjeants' Inn, Fleet Street. Jenour ‘took up his livery’ as member of the Company of Stationers in 1776, but receiving a considerable fortune from his uncle, Matthew Jenour, he never engaged in business, and devoted his long life to literary pursuits. ‘He was a voluminous though obscure author. His works were usually, perhaps always, anonymous’ (Gent. Mag. March 1853, p. 325). Jenour, who was married and had a large family, died at Gravesend 23 Jan. 1853 (ib. October 1853, p. 434).
Jenour wrote: 1. ‘The Park,’ a poem, 1778. 2. ‘The Wife Chase,’ a monitory poem. 3. ‘Marriage,’ a precautionary tale. 4. ‘Horrible Revenge,’ a tale. 5. ‘The Weight of a Feather, and the Value of Five Minutes.’ 6. ‘Observations on the Taxation of Property,’ 1795 (went through five editions). 7. ‘A Plan for Meliorating the Condition of the Labouring Poor.’ 8. ‘An Exposition of the Treatment in Private Mad-houses.’ 9. ‘The Life of Junius Brutus Booth.’ 10. ‘Thoughts on Indecorum at Theatres.’ 11. ‘Vindication of the Prince Regent.’ 12. ‘Remarks on Sir Arthur Clark's Essay on Bathing,’ 1820. 13. ‘Horns for Ever! A Procession to Blackheath.’ 14. ‘A Trip from the Moon to the Earth's Centre,’ a satire, 1824. 15. ‘A Plan for the Reform of Parliament.’ 16. Translation of the Fourth, Eighth, and Tenth Satires of Boileau, 1827. 17. ‘Hints for the Recovery and Preservation of Health,’ 1829. He wrote for ‘John Bull,’ the ‘Rochester Gazette,’ and other periodicals.
[Authorities cited above.]
F. W-t.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jenyns, Stephen

​JENYNS, Sir STEPHEN (d. 1524), lord mayor of London, the son of William Jenyns, was born at Wolverhampton before 1450. He settled in London, became a prominent member of the Merchant Taylors' Company, and served the office of master in 1489. He grew rich, and honourably refused while master to take certain moneys from the common box to which by custom he was entitled. He married after 1490, and he and his wife Margaret gave to the company's chapel of Calixtus a cloth worked with the emblems of St. John. He also presented ‘3 clothes of the high doysse worth 100l. and above’ for the adornment of the hall. Jenyns was an alderman of the city of London. He became sheriff in 1498, when the company advanced him 26l. 13s. 4d. towards his expenses, and was chosen lord mayor in 1508. He was present at the funeral of Henry VII, and was knighted at the coronation of Henry VIII.
In 1508 Jenyns bought land at Wolverhampton, and later the Rushocke estate near ​the town. He obtained a license, 22 Sept. 1512, to found the Wolverhampton grammar school, and applied the Rushocke estate to its maintenance. The school remained under the control of the Merchant Taylors' Company until 1766. Since 1876 120l. a year has been voted by the company towards its support. In 1867 the Rushocke estate was worth 1,212l. a year. When the church of St. Andrew Underclift was rebuilt in 1520, Jenyns, according to Stow, ‘caused (at his charges) to be builded the whole north side of the great middle ile, both of the body and quire, as appeareth by his arms over every pillar graven, and also the north ile, which he roofed with timber and cieled: also the whole south side of the church was glazed, and the pews in the south chapel made of his costs.’
Jenyns died in 1524, and was buried in the church of the Grey Friars; a solemn obit was kept at his funeral. He left by will large estates to the Merchant Taylors' Company
[Clode's Early History of the Merchant Taylors' Company; Clode's Memorials of the Merchant Taylors' Company; Holinshed's Chronicle, ed. Hooker, iii. 802; Stow's Survey (ed. 1720), bk. ii. p. 66; Carlisle's Endowed Grammar Schools.]
W. A. J. A.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Londesborough, Baron

​LONDESBOROUGH, Baron. [See Denison, Albert, 1805–1860.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lombart, Pierre

​LOMBART, PIERRE (1620?–1681), engraver, was born in Paris, where he is said to have studied design under Simon Vouet. He came to England about 1640, and he resided in London for more than twenty years. He was largely employed in engraving book illustrations, and his works of that class are numerous, the most important being the plates after F. Clein in Ogilby's 'Virgil,' 1658, and 'Iliad,' 1660, which are favourably ​mentioned by Evelyn in his 'Sculptura.' But Lombart's reputation rests on his portraits, which, though somewhat hard and deficient in colour, have much merit; of these the best are the twelve half-lengths after Vandyck, known as 'The Countesses,' the set consisting of ten ladies of that rank with the young Earls of Pembroke and Arundel. His largest plate, an equestrian portrait imitated from Vandyck's well-known composition of Charles I under an arch, with a page substituted for M. de St. Antoine, underwent curious changes. It is assumed to have originally represented the king, though no impression in that state is known, and the head must have been immediately altered {perhaps before publication) to that of Oliver Cromwell; later it was again altered to Charles, and then once more became Cromwell. Other good English portraits by Lombart are those of Robert Walker the painter; Cromwell, half length with a page, after R.Walker; Sir Samuel Moreland, bart., after Lely; Brian Watson, D.D.; Jeremy Taylor (frontispiece to his 'Holy Living and Dying,' 1650); and John Ogilby, after Lely (frontispiece to his 'Virgil' above mentioned). Lombart appears to have returned to France soon after the restoration of Charles II, his portrait of the Duc de Grammont, which was engraved there, being dated 1663. During the remainder of his life, which was passed in Paris, he executed some fine portraits of eminent persons, chiefly French, as well as sacred subjects after Raphael, Poussin, Champagne, and others. Lombart died in Paris on 30 Oct. 1681.
F. M. O'D.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lola Montez

​LOLA MONTEZ, Countess von Landsfeld (d. 1861). [See Gilbert, Marie Dolores Eliza Rosanna.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lombard, Daniel

​LOMBARD, DANIEL (1678–1746), divine, born at Angers 10 April 1678, was the eldest son of the Rev. John Lombard (French protestant minister in Anjou, who left France through the revocation of the ​edict of Nantes, became minister in turn of several French churches in London, and died in 1721) and of Francisca, his wife. He was naturalised in England in January 1687-8. On 11 Sept. 1689 he entered at Merchant Taylors' School, London, and remained there until his election to St. John's College, Oxford, where he matriculated on 7 July 1694. In the same year he was elected scholar of his college, and in 1697 he obtained a fellowship, which he held until 3 March 1718. Having been ordained deacon by Compton, bishop of London, on 26 May 1700, and priest on 9 Jan. 1700-1, he was appointed chaplain at Hanover to Princess Sophia and the embassy. His degrees were B.A. 17 May 1698, M.A. by diploma, while absent abroad, 16 March 1701-2, B.D. 26 April 1708, and D.D.23 April 1714. After the accession of George I, Lombard was made chaplain to the Princess of Wales, and on 24 Feb. 1717-18 he was instituted to the rectory of Lanteglos with Advent in Cornwall. This living he held until his death, but for a large part of that time he was non-resident. Many stories were current in the county of his learning and simplicity, and he is said to have remained throughout life a foreigner to English customs. The rectory contains the library and portrait which were bequeathed by him to his successors, and in the probate registry office at Bodmin is a small book containing a list of the works in the collection. He died at Camelford on 30 Dec. 1746, and was buried at Lanteglos on 2 Jan. 1746-7.
Lombard's publications were: 1. 'A Sermon preached at Hanover before the late Princess Sophia,' 1714. 2. 'Comparaison des deux histoires de M. de Mezeray et du père Daniel. Amsterdam, aux dépens de la Compagnie,' 1723. 3. 'Succinct History of Ancient and Modern Persecutions,' 1747. The composition of this work was suggested by the revolution of 1745. He contributed strictures upon Aquinas, and some observations on the demand for a king by the Israelites to his friend Gregor's edition of Fortescue, 'De Laudibus Legum Angliæ' (ed. 1737, pp. 18-21, 84-6, and Addenda, p. 3), and his correspondence with his friend is said to be still preserved at the family seat of Trewarthenick in Cornwall.
W. P. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lok, William

​LOK, Sir WILLIAM (1480–1550), London merchant, was son of Thomas Lok, mercer of London, and grandson of John Lok, sheriff of London in 1400 (cf. will of Zachary Lok, 1603, in Somerset House). From the grandfather also descended John Locke, mayor of Bristol in 1642, who was 'a sort of cousin' of the father of John Locke [q. v.] the philosopher. William was, like his father, brought up as a mercer, and became sworn mercer and agent to Henry VIII beyond the seas. In May 1520 he supplied much cloth of silver for the queen's use (Henry VIII's Letters and Papers, vol. iii. pt. i. p. 852). In 1521 he figured among the Duke of Buckingham's creditors (ib.vol. iii. pt. i. p. 1285). On 7 March 1526-7 he received a license to import cloth of gold and silver, silks, and jewels for the king, and in November 1527 supplied stuffs for the court revels. In 1529 and the following years he spent some time on business at Bergen-op-Zoom and from that town and from Antwerp sent many interesting letters of intelligence to Cromwell or the king between 1532 and 1537. While on business at Dunkirk in December 1533 he pulled down the papal bull excommunicating Henry VIII, a service which the king acknowledged by giving him 100l. a year, and making him a gentleman of the privy chamber (Grafton, Chron. p. 1222; Brampton, Autobiography, pp. 8-9), Henry also showed his regard for him by dining with him at his house. In 1536 he resided 'in Cheapside, at the sign of the Padlock.' On 29 Dec. 1537 he was granted by Henry part of the possessions of 'Elayng Spittell.' He became an alderman of the city, and was elected sheriff in 1548, when he was knighted. On 10 Oct. 1549 he rode in the procession conveying the Duke- of Somerset to the Tower (Wriothesley, Chronicle, ii, 27). He died in his house in Bow Lane on 24 Aug, 1550, and was buried on the 27th in the Mercers' Chapel in the church of St. Thomas Acres (Machyn, Diary, i. 313). He married four times: (1) Alice Spencer (d. 1522); (2) Catherine, daughter of William Cooke of Salisbury {d. 14 Oct. 1537, and buried at St. Martin Abbey, Surrey}; (3) Elinor, widow of Walter Marsh (d. 1540); and (4) Elizabeth (d. 1551), widow of one Hatton and of Robert Meredith successively. His fourth, like his first, wife was buried in Mercers' Chapel (cf. Machyn, Diary, pp. 12, 323). He left issue by his first two wives: by the first, eight sons and one daughter, and by the second five sons and five daughters. Michael Lok [q. v.] and Henry Lok, father of Henry Lok [q. v.] the poet, were sons of the second marriage.
[Carew's Survey of Cornwall; Fox Bourne's Life of John Locke; Gent. Mag. 1792, p. 799; King's Life of Locke; Letters and Papers of Henry VIII; Dr. Grosart's Memoir of Henry Lok in Fuller Worthies' Miscellanies, vol. ii.]
S. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lombard, Peter

​LOMBARD, PETER, D.D.(d. 1625), Irish Roman catholic prelate, son of a merchant at Waterford, studied for some time under Camden at Westminster (Wood, Athenæ Oxon. ed. Bliss, ii. 341). Proceeding to the university of Louvain, he there graduated in 1575, going out as first in the school of arts, and on 30 Aug. 1594 he was created D.D. (Andreas, Fasti Academici Lovanienses, ed. 1650, p. 130). He obtained a canonry in the collegiate church, 'Sidenensis,' in the diocese of Tournai, and was also appointed provost of the cathedral of Cambrai. On 9 July 1601 the pope appointed him archbishop of Armagh and primate of all Ireland in succession to Edmund MacGaura. The pall was granted to him on 14 Dec. 1601, and he was allowed to retain possession of his ecclesiastical preferments in Belgium (Brady, Episcopal Succession, i. 224). In 1614 he was personally noticed by James I, in a speech from the throne, as a disturber of the government (Anthologia Hibernica, i. 33). He was residing at Rome in 1623, and died there in 1625.
He bequeathed 'his laborious writings and all his literary traivells' to Nicholas Laffan of Ossory (Brady, ii. 360).
His published works are: 1. 'Casus circa decretum Clementis Papæ VIII de Sacramentali confessione et absolutione non facienda in absentia,' Antwerp, 1624, 12mo. It is printed as an opinion in the Jesuit father Giles Coninck's 'Responsio ad dissertationem impugnantem Absolutionem Moribund sensibus destituti.' 2. 'De Regno Hibernise, Sanctorum Insulâ, Commentarius; in quo preter ejusdem Insulæ Situm, nominis originem … Pii Conatus et Res a Principe O-Neillo ad fidem Catholicam propagandam feliciter gestæ continentur,' Louvain, 1632, 4to. On 20 Nov. 1633, after Lombard's death, Secretary Windebank wrote to the Lord-deputy Strafford that the king had ordered the deputy to suppress this book, and to call the author to account for it.
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/London, Henry of

​LONDON, HENRY of (d. 1228), archbishop of Dublin. [See Loundres.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Harman, John (d.1554)

​HARMAN, alias VOYSEY, JOHN (1554). [See Voysey.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Harlowe, Thomas

Thomas Harlow in the ODNB.
​HARLOWE, THOMAS (d. 1741), captain in the navy, was on 19 March 1689–90 appointed to command the Smyrna Merchant, hired ship, and took post from that date. In the following year he commanded the Burford of 70 guns, in the grand fleet under Admiral Russell; and again in 1692, when he took part in the battle of Barfleur, being then in the division of Sir Ralph Delavall, [q. v.], vice-admiral of the red. In the Burford, in the Humber, and afterwards in the Torbay of 80 guns, he continued serving with the grand fleet during the war; and on 14 Aug. 1697, while in command of a small squadron cruising in the Soundings, he fell in with and engaged a somewhat superior French squadron, under the command of M. de Pointis, homeward bound from the West Indies and laden with the spoils of Cartagena. The French were to windward, and after a three hours' contest, finding they gained no advantage, and probably unwilling to risk their very rich cargo, they hauled their wind and made sail. The English followed as they best could, but, being to leeward, were not able to prevent the enemy's retreat. After his return to England Harlowe was charged with having, by his misconduct of the action, permitted the French to escape. He was accordingly tried by court-martial on 29 Nov., and, after a very full investigation, was pronounced to be 'not guilty of the charge laid against him,' and was therefore acquitted. The court-martial is noticeable both for the dignity and the number of its members, Sir George Rooke, the admiral of the fleet, being president, and Shovell, Aylmer, Mitchell, and Benbow among its members, who numbered in all no less than sixty-one. It is noticeable also as being in the main an inquiry into tactical principles, the charge virtually amounting to an assertion that Harlowe might and should have cut through the enemy's line and so forced the fighting. He had not attempted to cut through it, and he was held to have done rightly by all the senior officers of the navy. Still more is it noticeable for the furious passions which raged over it, arising probably from anger that the rich prize should have escaped; even the finding of the court-martial did not still these; and for many months Harlowe would seem to have been subjected to a series of virulent attacks. Charnock is, however, wrong in saying that he had no further employment during the reign of King William. He was appointed to the Grafton on 14 Feb. 1700–1. In 1702, still in the Grafton, he took part in the expedition to Cadiz, and was prominently engaged at Vigo in support of Vice-admiral Hopsonn. He returned to England with Sir Clowdisley Shovell [q. v.] in November, and the following April was appointed master-attendant at Deptford dockyard. In February 1704-5 he was appointed a commissioner of victualling, and continued in that office till November 1711. In May 1712 he was again appointed master-attendant of Deptford dockyard. The date of his retirement is unknown. He died 'at a very advanced age' in 1741, having been for several years the senior captain on the list.
J. K. L.