OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Matthew, Saint

Edition of 1879. See also Saint Matthew on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
MATTHEW, Saint, one of the twelve apostles, and author of the first Gospel. The New Testament tells us little of his personal history. He was a son of Alpheus, and a receiver of customs at the lake of Tiberias. Jesus, while passing one day, said to him: “Follow me;” and Matthew at once obeyed. Most exegetical writers assume that the publican Levi, whose call to the discipleship is recorded by Mark and Luke, is the same person as Matthew; but among the opponents of this view are Origen, Grotius, Michaelis, and Ewald. After the ascension of Christ, Matthew was at Jerusalem, with the other apostles. Then history loses sight of him. Tradition relates that he preached the gospel for 15 years in Jerusalem, and then turned to other nations. Among these are mentioned the Ethiopians, Macedonians, Syrians, Persians, Parthians, and Medes. He is said to have been burned alive in Arabia Felix; and according to Baronius, his body was brought to Palermo in 954. The Roman Catholic church keeps his festival on Sept. 21, the Greek on Nov. 16. — The Gospel of Matthew, according to the unanimous tradition of the ancient church, was composed in Hebrew, or rather the Syro-Chaldaic idiom spoken at that time in Palestine. Following Erasmus, many eminent Protestant theologians, as Calvin, Beza, Lightfoot, Credner, De Wette, Ewald, Harless, Bleek, Schenkel, Keim, and Volkmar, and among Roman Catholics Hug, have contested the correctness of this tradition, and advocated the originality of the Greek text; but the opposite theory has also found defenders, prominent among whom are Meyer and Lange. A considerable number of distinguished
theologians, as Lachmann, Credner, Ewald, Reuss, Meyer, Bleek, Bunsen, Schenkel, Keim, and generally all the theologians of the Tübingen school, infer from a passage of the early ecclesiastical writer Papias, that Matthew himself compiled only a summary of the sermons and sayings of Christ, which was put into historical form by another writer. But weighty authorities have since shown that this passage of Papias admits of another interpretation. The Gospel was undoubtedly written for Christians of Jewish descent in Palestine. With respect to its date ecclesiastical traditions vary from A. D. 41 to 67; a majority of modern writers seem to agree in fixing it between 60 and 67. The chief aim of this Gospel is evidently to prove the Messianic character of Jesus. For its relation to the Gospels of Mark and Luke, see Mark; for collective commentaries on all the four, or the first three Gospels, see Luke. — See Sieffert, Ueber die Echtheit und den Ursprung des ersten canonischen Evangeliums (1832); Schneckenburger, Ueber den Ursprung des ersten Evangelii (1834); Schott, Ueber die Authenticität des canonischen Evangeliums nach Matthäus benannt (1837); Kern, Ueber den Ursprung des Eoangeliums Matthäi (1837); and Holtzmann, Die synoptischen Evangelien (1863).
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Maximin

Edition of 1879. See also Maximinus Thrax on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
MAXIMIN (Caius Julius Verus Maximinus), a Roman emperor, born in Thrace in the latter part of the 2d century, killed before Aquileia in 238. He was the son of a Goth by an Alan woman, and was brought up as a shepherd. During
the passage of the emperor Septimius Severus through Thrace, on his return from the East, he attracted the attention of that monarch by marvellous feats of strength and agility, as well as by his gigantic stature, being more than 8 ft. high, and eventually able to wear the bracelet of his wife as a ring on his finger. Admitted to the army, though a barbarian, he rose from rank to rank, gained the admiration of his fellow soldiers by valor equalling his strength, and after several reigns succeeded in supplanting the virtuous Alexander Severus, on whose assassination by the soldiers in Gaul he was proclaimed emperor (235). He appointed his son Maximus to the dignity of Cæsar. Though successful in his almost continual wars against the Germans, the imperial barbarian, who is said to have eaten 40 pounds of meat and drunk an amphora of wine a day, was tormented by a sense of insecurity, and in order to preserve his power perpetrated cruelties which surpassed those of his previous masters, Caracalla and Elagabalus. He spared none whom birth or merit exposed to suspicion. For alleged conspiracy, Magnus, a senator, was put to death, with 4,000 other persons. Simple death was regarded as a favor. His rapacity was no less disastrous than his cruelty, and he finally sunk under the general indignation of the provinces aroused by a wholesale confiscation of municipal property for the use of the imperial treasury. The insurrection broke out in Africa, where the two Gordians were proclaimed emperors. These perishing soon after, the senate proclaimed Maximus and Balbinus their successors. Maximin, who had his winter quarters on the lower Danube, hastened to Italy, crossed the Alps, and besieged Aquileia, but was soon murdered, together with his son, by his own soldiers.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Mason and Dixon's Line

Edition of 1879. See also Mason–Dixon line on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
MASON AND DIXON'S LINE, the parallel of lat. 39° 43' 26.3" N., which separates Pennsylvania from Maryland, drawn by Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon, two distinguished English mathematicians and astronomers. As the northern limit (with the exception of small portions of Delaware and Virginia) of the original slave states, it was prominently mentioned in the controversies concerning slavery. It begins at the N. E. corner of Maryland, and runs due W. The years from 1681 to 1768 were marked with constant dissension and conflict between the rival proprietaries of Pennsylvania and Maryland and their partisans, on the subject of their common boundary; and the vicinity of this line was the theatre of riot, invasion, and bloodshed. Mason and Dixon arrived in Philadelphia on Nov. 15, 1763, and commenced their work in December, which was continued to a point 244 m. from the Delaware river, and within 36 m. of the whole distance to be run, where they were compelled to suspend operations in consequence of opposition by the Indians. They returned to Philadelphia, and were discharged on Dec. 26, 1767. At the end of every fifth mile a stone was planted, graven with the arms of the Penn family on one side, and of Lord Baltimore on the other. The intermediate miles were marked with smaller stones having a P on one side and an M on the other. The stones were all sent from England. In November, 1782, Col. Alexander McClean of Pennsylvania and Joseph Neville of Virginia ran the remaining part of the line, which was tested and corrected by astronomical observations, and permanently marked, in 1784. In 1849 the former surveys were revised, and found correct in all important points.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Massasoit

Edition of 1879. See also Massasoit on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
MASSASOIT, a sachem of the Wampanoags, died in the autumn of 1661, about 80 years of age. His dominions extended over nearly all the southern part of Massachusetts, from Cape Cod to Narragansett bay; but his tribe, once estimated at 30,000 in number, had shortly before the landing of the pilgrims at Plymouth been reduced by a disease supposed to have been yellow fever to about 300. On March 22, 1621, three months after the founding of Plymouth, he appeared there with 60 warriors, armed and painted, for the purpose of forming a friendly league with the white men. Although the tribe were reputed cruel and treacherous, the very open and friendly greeting of Massasoit so favorably impressed Gov. Carver, that after the necessary and imposing formalities were concluded, he formed in behalf of the colony a treaty of peace and mutual protection with the Wampanoags, which for 50 years was sacredly kept. The friendly disposition of Massasoit toward the colonists never relaxed. His residence was within the limits of what is now the town of Warren, R. I., near an abundant spring of water, which still bears his name. Roger Williams, when banished from the Massachusetts colony, on his way to Providence, was entertained by him for several weeks at this place. Massasoit was humane and honest, never violated his word, and constantly endeavored to imbue his people with a love of peace. He kept the pilgrims advised of any warlike designs toward them by other tribes. In person, says Morton in his “Memorial,” he was “a very lusty man in his best years, an able body, grave of countenance, and spare of speech.” His family consisted of his wife, two brothers, three sons, a daughter, two sons' wives, and a grandson.
His two eldest sons were named Mooanum and Pometacom. Soon after the death of Massasoit these sons went to Plymouth and requested the pilgrims to give them English names. The court named them Alexander and Philip. The former became chief sachem, died within a year, and was succeeded by Philip.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Marx, Karl

Edition of 1879. See also Karl Marx on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
MARX, Karl, a German socialist, born in Treves in 1818. He completed his studies in Bonn and Berlin, and became in 1842 chief editor of the Rheinische Zeitung in Cologne. That journal being suppressed in 1843, he associated himself in Paris with Arnold Ruge in a critical revision of Hegel's “Philosophy of Jurisprudence,” and with Friedrich Engels in the publication of Die heilige Familie, directed against Bruno Bauer and kindred writers. At the same time he attacked Prussia in the press, and at the request of that power he was expelled from France in 1846 and went to Brussels, where he and Engels published in 1848 a manifesto embodying the views of an international congress of workmen held at London in the preceding year; and he was then also expelled from Belgium. The revolution of 1848 enabled him to return to Paris and to Cologne, where he speedily founded the Neue Rheinische Zeitung, a revolutionary journal advocating the refusal of taxes as long as liberty was not established. His continued agitation involved him in perpetual conflicts with the authorities, and in 1849 he was expelled on account of his connection with the insurgents in the grand duchy of Baden. He once more went to Paris, and after the insurrection of June 13 to London, where he has since lived. He issued here in 1850-'51 a monthly edition of the Rheinische Zeitung, printed at Hamburg. In 1864 he was admitted as member of the newly established Internationale, and drew up the manifesto and statutes of this association, which were adopted in 1866 at the congress of Geneva, and henceforth he was officially recognized as the master spirit of that organization. (See International Association.) His principal works are: Misère de la philosophie: Réponse à la Philosophie de la misère de Proudhon (Brussels, 1847); Zur Kritik der politischen Oekonomie (Berlin, 1859); Das Kapital: Kritik der politischen Oekonomie (1859); and Herr Vogt (London, 1860), in which he accused Karl Vogt and his adherents of having sold themselves to Napoleon III.
# The Bond/Part 2

PART II
# The Bees and the Beekeeper

Perry index 72
* "A Bee-matter", in Fables of Æsop and Other Eminent Mythologists (1692)
* "The Bee-keeper", translated by Vernon Stanley Jones, in Æsop's fables: A New Translation (1912)
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The Bee and Jupiter

Perry index 163
* "Of the Bee and of Jupiter", translated by William Caxton, edited by Joseph Jacobs, in The fables of Aesop, as first printed by William Caxton in 1484 (1484)
* "Jupiter and a Bee", in Fables of Æsop and Other Eminent Mythologists (1692)
* "The Bee and Jupiter", translated by George Fyler Townsend, in Three Hundred Æsop's Fables (1867)
* "The Bee And Jupiter", translated by Vernon Stanley Jones, in Æsop's fables: A New Translation (1912)
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The Bees and the Flies

First published in the collection Actions and Reactions (1909), accompanying the story The Mother Hive.
A farmer of the Augustan Age Perused in Virgil’s golden page, The story of the secret won From Proteus by Cyrene’s son — How the dank sea-god showed the swain Means to restore his hives again. More briefly, how a slaughtered bull Breeds honey by the bellyful.
The egregious rustic put to death A bull by stopping of its breath, Disposed the carcass in a shed With fragrant herbs and branches spread. And, having well performed the charm, Sat down to wait the promised swarm.
Nor waited longs The God of Day Impartial, quickening with his ray Evil and good alike, beheld The carcass—and the carcass swelled. Big with new birth the belly heaves Beneath its screen of scented leaves: Past any doubt, the bull conceives!
The farmer bids men bring more hives To house the profit that arrives; Prepares on pan, and key and kettle, Sweet music that shall make ’em settle; But when to crown the work he goes, Gods! What a stink salutes his nose!
Where are the honest toilers? Where The gravid mistress of their care? A busy scene, indeed, he sees, But not a sign or sound of bees. Worms of the riper grave unhid By any kindly coffin-lid, Obscene and shameless to the light, Seethe in insatiate appetite, Through putrid offal, while above The hissing blow-fly seeks his love, Whose offspring, supping where they supt, Consume corruption twice corrupt.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
The longest-living author of this work died in 1936, so this work is in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 87 years or less. This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The Beggar's Opera

The Beggar's Opera is a ballad opera, a satiric play using some of the conventions of opera, but without the recitative. It is one of the watershed plays in Augustan drama. The lyrics of the airs in the play are set to popular broadsheet ballads, opera arias, church hymns, and folk tunes of the time. The original run of The Beggar's Opera, of 62 successive performances, was the longest run in the theatre up to that time. A spoken word version of this edition is available at LibriVox
* Act 1
* Act 2
* Act 3
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The Bee is not afraid of me

* "The bee is not afraid of me" in Poems (1890)
* "The bee is not afraid of me" in The Complete Poems of Emily Dickinson (1924)
# The Channel Tunnel

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "The Channel Tunnel."
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* The Channel Tunnel (1888), a speech by William Gladstone
* The Channel Tunnel: Ought the Democracy to Oppose or Support It? (1887), an essay by Charles Bradlaugh
# The Character of a Happy Life

* "A Happy Life" in Poems That Every Child Should Know (1904)
* "Honest thought and simple truth" (unsourced)
# The Changeling

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "The Changeling."
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Wikidata item.
This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* "The Changeling" (1911) by Olive Custance
* "The Changeling" (1912) from Grimm's Household Tales, translated by Marian Edwardes
* "The Changeling" (1843) by James Russell Lowell
* "The Changeling" (1910) by Marie Manning
* "The Changeling" (1921) by Charlotte Mew
* "The Changeling" (1653) by Thomas Middleton & William Rowley
* "The Changeling" (1807) by John Greenleaf Whittier
# The Changeling (Lowell)

From Miscellaneous Poems
I had a little daughter,  And she was given to me To lead me gently backward  To the Heavenly Father's knee, That I, by the force of nature.  Might in some dim wise divine The depth of his infinite patience  To this wayward soul of mine.
I know not how others saw her,  But to me she was wholly fair, And the light of the heaven she came from  Still lingered and gleamed in her hair; For it was as wavy and golden,  And as many changes took, As the shadows of sun-gilt ripples  On the yellow bed of a brook.
To what can I liken her smiling  Upon me, her kneeling lover, How it leaped from her lips to her eyelids,  And dimpled her wholly over, Till her outstretched hands smiled also,  And I almost seemed to see The very heart of her mother  Sending sun through her veins to me!
She had been with us scarce a twelvemonth,  And it hardly seemed a day, When a troop of wandering angels  Stole my little daughter away; Or perhaps those heavenly Zingari  But loosed the hampering strings, And when they had opened her cage-door.  My little bird used her wings.
But they left in her stead a changeling  A little angel child, That seems like her bud in full blossom,  And smiles as she never smiled: When I wake in the morning, I see it  Where she always used to lie, And I feel as weak as a violet  Alone 'neath the awful sky.
As weak, yet as trustful also;  For the whole year long I see All the wonders of faithful Nature  Still worked for the love of me; Winds wander, and dews drip earthward,  Rain falls, suns rise and set, Earth whirls, and all but to prosper  A poor little violet.
This child is not mine as the first was,  I cannot sing it to rest, I cannot lift it up fatherly  And bliss it upon my breast: Yet it lies in my little one's cradle  And sits in my little one's chair, And the light of the heaven she's gone to  Transfigures its golden hair.
# The Chaperon

* "The Chaperon" in The Atlantic Monthly 68 (409–410) (November–December 1891):
** "The Chaperon" in The Atlantic Monthly 68 (409) (November 1891): 659–670.
** "The Chaperon" in The Atlantic Monthly 68 (410) (December 1891): 721–735.
    — First publication in any form
* "The Chaperon" in The Real Thing and Other Tales (New York & London: Macmillan & Co., 1893): 181–245.
    — American issue of the first book edition.
* "The Chaperon" in The Real Thing and Other Tales (London & New York: Macmillan & Co., 1893): 181–245.
    — English issue of the first book edition
* "The Chaperon" in The Novels and Tales of Henry James 10: 437–500.
    — The "New York Edition"; revised for publication by James; this is the last revised version published in James' lifetime.
* "The Chaperon" in The Spoils of Poynton, A London Life, The Chaperon (London: Macmillan & Co., 1922): 383–438.
    — Volume 15 of The Novels and Stories of Henry James, the first posthumous collection of James' works; uses the "New York Edition" text.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Kentucky (river)

Edition of 1879. See also Kentucky River on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
KENTUCKY, a river of the state of the same name, rising in the Cumberland mountains on the S. E. frontier. Its principal feeders are the North, Middle, and South forks, which unite in Lee co., near the village of Proctor. The stream then takes a N. W. direction to the S. boundary of Fayette co., where it turns S. W. After keeping on this course for 15 or 20 m. it resumes its former direction, and preserves it until it enters the Ohio in Carroll co. Its length from the junction of its head streams
to its mouth is 260 m., but the distance in a straight line between these two points is only 108 m. The scenery on the banks is famous for its romantic beauty. For a great part of its course the river flows between perpendicular limestone rocks, through which it appears to have gradually worn its way. The Kentucky has no large tributaries. It is navigable by means of locks and dams by steamboats 40 m. above Frankfort (62 m. from its mouth), and by flatboats 100 m. higher. Cannel and other kinds of bituminous coal, iron ore, and an excellent variety of marble are found along the banks of the river.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Kinkajou

Edition of 1879. See also the disclaimer.
KINKAJOU. See Potto.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Kennebec (river)

Edition of 1879. See also Kennebec River on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
KENNEBEC, a river of Maine, and next to the Penobscot the most important in the state. Its principal source is Moosehead lake in the N. W. part of the state, on the boundary line between Somerset and Piscataquis counties. It issues from the lake on its S. W. shore, and after a course of 20 m. receives Dead river from the right. Its direction is then changed from S. W. to S., and from this course it has but one considerable deviation, namely, in the S. part of Somerset co., where it flows 12 m. E. It enters the Atlantic in Sagadahoc co., through Sheepscott bay, an irregular indentation of the coast studded with many islands. The largest tributary of the Kennebec is the Androscoggin, which joins it 18 m. from the ocean at Merrymeeting bay. The outlets of a number of small ponds, and Sebasticook and Sandy rivers, also flow into it. The most important towns on its banks are Bath, Richmond, Gardiner, Hallowell, Augusta, Waterville, and Norridgewock. It has falls at Waterville and at three points above, which afford excellent motive power. Its whole length is about 150 m., in which it has a descent of 1,000 ft. Large ships can ascend it to Bath, 12 m., steamboats to Hallowell, 40 m., and small craft to Waterville, 54 m. The influence of the tide extends to Augusta, 42 m. from the sea. A dam with locks has been constructed at Augusta for the purpose of improving the navigation above that point, and increasing the
water power. The river is closed by ice at Hallowell from the middle of December to about the 1st of April; below Bath it is open at all seasons except during severe winters.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Kennedy, Benjamin Hall

Edition of 1879. See also Benjamin Hall Kennedy and Charles Rann Kennedy on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
KENNEDY. I. Benjamin Hall, an English clergyman, born at Summer Hill, near Birmingham, Nov. 6, 1804. He graduated at St. John's college, Cambridge, in 1827, was elected fellow and classical lecturer in 1828, became assistant master at Harrow in 1830, and was appointed head master of Shrewsbury school in 1836. In 1841 he became prebendary of Lichfield, and in 1860 was appointed select preacher to the university. He resigned his head mastership in 1866, and was appointed regius professor of Greek at Cambridge, and the next year canon of Ely. He has published “The Psalter in English Verse” (1860), “Elementary Greek Grammar” (1862), and “Public School Latin Grammar” (1871). II. Charles Rann, an English barrister, brother of the preceding, born in Birmingham, March 1, 1808, died in 1867. He graduated at Trinity college, Cambridge, and was elected fellow, entered Lincoln's Inn, was called to the bar in 1835, and settled at Birmingham. Besides several law books, he published “Poems, Original and Selected” (1843); in conjunction with his father, the Rev. Rann Kennedy, the “Works of Virgil,” in blank verse (2 vols., 1850); “Specimens of Greek and Latin Verse” (1853); “Orations of Demosthenes,” translated into English, with notes, appendices, &c. (5 vols., 1841-'63); and “Hannibal,” a poem, part i. (1866).
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Kearney

Edition of 1879. See also Kearney County, Nebraska on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
KEARNEY, a S. county of Nebraska, bounded N. by the Platte river; area, about 525 sq. m.; pop. in 1870, 58. A large portion is occupied by prairies. The Burlington and Missouri River railroad traverses it. Capital, Fort Kearney.