# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Volume I

See also the scan index; and the disclaimer.
| | Volume I A — Anatomy | Volume I A — Anatomy | |
| A – Ac | Ad – Ak | Al | Am – An |
| Editor’s Advertisement Prefatory Notice   A. Aa, rivers, various European countries. Aachen, (Aix-la-Chapelle, q.v.), town, Germany. Aalborg, town, Denmark. Aalen, town, Würtemberg. Aar, river, Switzerland. Aarau, town, Switzerland. Aard-vark, species of Edentata. Aargau, canton, Switzerland. Aarhuus, town, Denmark. Aaron, of Scripture. Aarssens, Francis van, Dutch diplomatist. Ababde, African tribe. Abaca, plant. Abacus, part of column and device for calculation. Abæ, town, Greece. Abakansk, town, Siberia. Abana, river, Syria. Abancay, town, Peru. Abandonment, in marine assurance. Abano, town, Italy. Abano, Pietro d’, Italian philosopher. Abaris, the Hyperborean. Abatement, in law and commerce. Abati, Niccolo, Italian painter. Abattoir, slaughter house. Abauzit, Firmin, French writer. Abb, town, Arabia. Abbadie, James, Protestant divine. Abbas I., the Great, shah of Persia. Abbas Mirza, prince of Persia. Abbassides, caliphs of Baghdad. Abbé, French title. Abbeokuta, town, West Africa. Abbess. Abbeville, town, France. Abbey. Abbiate Grasso, town, Italy. Abbon of Fleury, French writer. Abbot. Abbot, Charles, Lord Colchester. Abbot, George, archbishop of Canterbury. Abbot, George, the Puritan. Abbot, Robert, Puritan divine. Abbotsford. Abbotsford Club. Abbreviation, with list. Abbreviators, writers in papal chancery. Abdallatif, physician and traveller. Abd-el-Kader, Algerian emir. Abdera, town, Thrace. Abdera, town, ancient Spain. Abdication, with list. Abdomen, part of body. Abdominales, subdivision of fishes. Abduction, in law. Abdul Medjid, Turkish sultan. À Becket, Thomas, archbishop of Canterbury. A’Beckett, Gilbert Abbott, English humorist. Abel, of Scripture. Abel, Karl Friedrich, German musician. Abel, Niels Henrik, Norwegian mathematician. Abel, Thomas, English divine. Abelard, Peter, scholastic philosopher. Abencerrages, Moorish family. Abenezra, Jewish writer. Abensberg, town, Bavaria. Aberavon, town, Wales. Aberconway, town, Wales. Abercrombie, John, Scottish physician and philosopher. Abercromby, David, Scottish physician and philosopher. Abercromby, James, speaker of the House of Commons. Abercromby, Patrick, Scottish writer. Abercromby, Sir Ralph, British General. Aberdare, town, Wales. Aberdeen, town, Scotland. Aberdeenshire, Scotland. Aberdeen, Fourth Earl of. Aberdour, village, Scotland. Aberfeldy, village, Scotland. Abergavenny, town, Monmouthshire, England. Abernethy, town, Scotland. Abernethy, John, Irish divine. Abernethy, John, English surgeon. Aberration, of light. Aberystwith, town, Wales. Abettor, in law. Abeyance, in law. Abgar, king of Edessa. Abiad, Bahr-el, river. Abies (See Fir). Abila, ancient town, Syria. Abildgaard, Nikolaj, Dutch painter. Abimelech, of Scripture. Abingdon, town, England. Abiogenesis, in biology. Abipones, Indian tribe. Abkhasia, district, Asiatic Russia. Ablution. Abner, of Scripture. Abo, province, Finland. Abolitionist (See slavery). Abomasum, fourth stomach of ruminants. Abomey, town, Dahomey, West Africa. Aborigines. Abortion, in midwifery. Aboukir, town, Egypt. Abrabanel, Isaac, Jewish statesman and writer. Abracadabra, charm. Abraham, Hebrew patriarch. Abraham a Sancta Clara. Abrantes, town, Portugal. Abrantes, Duke and Duchess of (Junot, q.v.). Abraxas, charm. Abruzzo, province, Italy. Absalom, of Scripture. Absalon, Danish statesman. Abscess, in surgery. Absinthe, liqueur. Absolute, in philosophy. Absolution. Absorption. Abstemii, religious sect. Abstraction, in philosophy. Absurdum, Reductio ad. Abu, sacred mountain, India. Abu-Bekr, caliph, successor of Mohammed. Abulfaragius, Gregorius, Arabian historian. Abulfazl, Indian historian. Abulfeda, Ishmael, Arabic historian. Abulghazi-Bahadur, khan of Khiva. Abuna, title of the archbishop of Abyssinia. Abushehr, town, Persia. Abu-Simbel, Nubia. Abu-Teman, Arabian poet. Abydos, ancient town, Asia Minor. Abydos, ancient town, Egypt. Abyssinia. Acacia, genus of plants. Academy. Acadie, former name of Nova Scotia. Acalephæ, group of animals. Acanthocephala, parasitic worms. Acanthopterygii, order of fishes. Acanthus, genus of plants. Acapulco, town, Mexico. Acarnania, province, ancient Greece. Acarus, genus of arachnida. Acceleration, in dynamics. Accent, in language. Acceptance, in commerce. Accession. Accessory, in criminal law. Acciajuoli, Donato, Italian writer. Accident, in logic. Accius, poet of the 16th century. Accus, Lucius, Latin tragic poet. Acclamation. Acclimatisation. Accolade, in conferring knighthood. Accolti, Benedict, Tuscan lawyer. Accolti, Bernard, improvisatore. Accolti, Pietro, cardinal. Accommodation, in Biblical interpretation. Accommodation, in commerce. Accoramboni, Vittoria, Italian lady. Accordion, musical instrument. Accorso, Francis, Florentine lawyer. Accorso, Mariangelo, Neapolitan critic. Account, Stock Exchange term. Accountant. Accountant-General, Court of Chancery official. Accra, town, West Africa. Accrington, town, England. Accum, Frederick, chemist. Accumulator, electrical machine. Ace, on cards and dice. Acephala, section of molluscs. Acephali. Acer, genus of trees. Acerbi, Giuseppe, Italian traveller. Acernus, Polish poet. Acerra, incense box. Acerra, town, Italy. Acetic acid. Achaia, state, ancient Greece. Achan, of Scripture. Achard, Franz Carl, Prussian chemist. Acharius, Erik, Swedish botanist. Achates, friend of Æneas. Acheen, in Sumatra. Achelous, river, Greece. Achenwall, Gottfried, German writer. Acheron, in classical mythology. Achill, island, Ireland. Achilles, in Greek legend. Achilles Tatius, Greek writer. Achillini, Alexander, Italian anatomist. Áchín, state and town, Sumatra. Achmet, sultans of Turkey. Achray, lake, Scotland. Aci Reale, town, Sicily. Acid, in chemistry. Acidalius, Valens, German writer. Acinaces, Persian sword. Acis, in mythology. Ackermann, John Christian Gottlieb. Acœmetæ, order of monks. Acolyte, order of clergy. Aconcagua, province, Chili. Aconite, genus of plants. Acontius, jurist and theologian. Acorus, genus of plants. Acosta, Christoval d’, Portuguese naturalist. Acosta, Joseph d’, Spanish writer. Acosta, Uriel d’, Portuguese Jewish nobleman. Acotyledones, class of plants. Acoustics. General notions. Velocity of propagation. Reflexion and Refraction. Musical Harmony. Stationary Waves. Musical Strings. Stiff Rods, Plates, &c. Theory of Pipes. Singing Flames. Communication of Vibrations. Interference of Sound. index. Acqui, town, Italy. Acre, measure of surface. Acre, town, Syria. Acrobat. Acroceraunia, promontory, Greece. Acrogenæ, division of plants. Acrolith, in statuary. Acron, Sicilian physician. Acropolis, citadel, Athens. Acrostic. Act, in dramatic literature. Act, in law. Act of Parliament. Act of Sederunt, in Scots law. Acts of the Apostles. Acta Consistorii, Roman edicts. Acta Diurna, Roman gazette. Acta Senatus, minutes of the Roman Senate. Actæon, in mythology. Actian Games, at Rome. Actinia, genus of animals. Actinism, property of solar rays. Actinometer, thermometer for solar rays. Actinozoa, group of animals. Action, in law. Actium, in ancient geography. Acton, village, England. Acton, Sir John F. E., Neapolitan commander. Actuary. Acuña, Christoval d’, Spanish traveller. Acupressure, in surgery. Acupuncture, in surgery. | Adafudia, town, Western Africa. Adal, country, Eastern Africa. Adalbert, archbishop of Bremen and Hamburg. Adalbert, bishop of Prague. Adam, of Scripture. Adam of Bremen, ecclesiastical historian. Adam, Alexander, classical teacher. Adam, Melchior, German writer. Adam, Robert, Scottish architect. Adam, William, Scottish politician. Adam’s Bridge, chain of sandbanks, Ceylon. Adam’s Peak, mountain, Ceylon. Adamawa, country, Central Africa. Adamites, heretical sect. Adamnan, Scottish saint and author. Adams, John, president of the United States. Adams, John Quincy, president of the United States. Adams, Richard, English divine. Adams, Samuel, American statesman. Adams, Thomas, English Puritan divine. Adamson, Patrick, archbishop of St Andrews. Adana, town, Asiatic Turkey. Adanson, Michel, French naturalist. Adda, river, Italy. Adder, reptile. Addington, Henry, English prime minister. Addison, Joseph, English essayist and poet. Adel, country, Eastern Africa. Adelaar, Cort Sivartsen, naval commander. Adelaide, town, South Australia. Adelsberg, town, Austria. Adelung, Friedrich von, German philologist. Adelung, Johann Christoph, German philologist. Aden, town, Arabia. Aderno, town, Sicily. Adersbach Rocks, Germany. Adhesion, in physics. Adiaphorists. Adige, river, Austria and Italy. Adipocere. Adipose. Adirondack Mountains, New York, U.S.A. Adit, drainage tunnel in a mine. Adjudication, in law. Adjustment, in commerce. Adjutage, delivery tube for liquids. Adjutant, military officer. Adjutant, bird. Adjygurh, town, India. Administrator, in law. Admiral, naval officer. Admiralty, High Court of. Admiralty Charts. Admiralty Island, United States. Admiralty Islands, Pacific Ocean. Adolphus, John, English historian. Adolphus, John Leycester. Adonis, of Greek legend. Adonis, genus of plants. Adonis, river, Syria. Adoption Controversy (8th century). Adoption, in law. Adoration. Adour, river, France. Adowa, town, Abyssinia. Adra, town, Spain. Adrastus, in Greek legend. Adria, town, Italy. Adria, part of the Mediterranean. Adrian, town, Michigan, U.S.A. Adrian, Publius Ælius (Hadrian, q.v.), Roman emperor. Adrian, popes. Adrian, cardinal. Adriani, Giovanni Battista, Florentine historian. Adrianople, town, Turkey in Europe. Adriatic Sea. Adule, ancient town, Eastern Africa. Adullam, Cave of. Adulteration. Adultery. Advent, in the calendar. Advertisement. Advocate, legal pleader. Advocation, in Scots law. Advowson, in English law. Adytum, of temple. Æacus, in mythology. Ædile, Roman public officer. Ægades, islands, west of Sicily. Ægean Sea, Mediterranean. Ægeus, in Greek legend. Ægina, in mythology. Ægina, island, Greece. Ægineta, Paulus, Greek surgeon. Ægis, in mythology. Ægisthus, in Greek legend. Ægospotami, river, Thrace. Ælfric, old English writer. Ælia Capitolina, a name of Jerusalem. Ælianus, Claudius, Roman writer. Æmilius Paulus (Paulus, q.v.), Roman general. Æmilius, Paulus, Italian historian. Æneas, in classical legend. Æneas Silvius (Pius II., q.v.), pope. Æoliæ Insulæ, Mediterranean. Æolian Harp, musical instrument. Æolus, in mythology. Æon, space of time. Æpinus, Franz, German chemist. Æqui, ancient people, Italy. Ærarians, class of citizens, ancient Rome. Ærarium, Roman treasury. Aerated Waters. Aeroe, island, Denmark. Aerolite. Aeronautics. Ærtszen, Pieter, Dutch painter. Æs, metal, money. Æschines, Athenian philosopher. Æschines, Greek orator. Æschylus, Greek tragedian. Æsculapius, god of healing. Æsir, gods of the Northmen. Æsop, Greek fabulist. Æsop, Greek historian. Æsop, Clodius, Roman actor. Æsthetics. Metaphysical Problems. Scientific Problems. History of Systems. Aetion, Greek painter. Aetius, founder of Arian sect. Aetius, Greek physician. Aetius, Roman general. Ætna (Etna, q.v.), volcano, Sicily. Ætolia, province, Greece. Afanasief, Aleksandr Nikolaevich, Russian writer. Afer, Domitius, Roman orator. Affidavit, in law. Affinity. Affinity, Chemical. Affirmation, in place of oath. Affre, Denis Auguste, archbishop of Paris. Afghânistân. Afghan Turkestan. Afium-Kara-Hissar, town, Asiatic Turkey. Afragola, town, Italy. Afranius, Lucius, Latin poet. Afranius, Lucius, Latin consul. Africa. Africanus, Julius, church historian. Afzelius, Adam, Swedish naturalist. Afzelius, Arwid August, Swedish historian. Aga, Turkish title. Agades, town, Central Africa. Agamemnon, in Greek legend. Agape, love feast. Agapetus, Byzantine writer. Agarde, Arthur, English antiquary. Agasias, Greek sculptor. Agassiz, Louis John Rudolph, naturalist. Agate, stone. Agatharchides, Greek grammarian. Agatharchus, Greek painter. Agathias, Greek historian and poet. Agatho, Greek tragedian. Agathocles, tyrant of Syracuse. Agde, town, France. Age. Ageladas, Greek sculptor. Agelnoth, archbishop of Canterbury. Agen, town, France. Agent, in diplomacy, commerce, and law. Agesilaus, king of Sparta. Aggregation, States of, in physics. Aghrim, Ireland, Battle of (1691). Agincourt, Battle of (1415). Agio, in commerce. Agis, kings of Sparta. Agistment, Tithe of. Agnano, lake, Italy. Agnates, in Roman law. Agnesi, Maria Gaetana, Italian mathematician. Agnesi, Maria Teresa, Italian musician. Agnoetæ, heretical sect. Agnolo, Baccio d’, Florentine sculptor. Agnone, town, Italy. Agnus Dei. Agobard, archbishop of Lyons. Agonalia, Roman festivals. Agonic Lines, in magnetism. Agonotheta, superintendent of Greek games. Agora, Greek market place. Agoranomoi, Greek magistrates. Agordo, town, Italy. Agosta, town, Sicily. Agostini, Leonardo, Italian antiquary. Agostino and Agnolo Da Siena, Italian architects. Agostino, Paolo, Italian musician. Agouti, genus of rodent mammals. Agra, division and district, North-Western Provinces, India. Agram, town, Austria. Agrarian Laws, Roman. Agreda, town, Spain. Agricola, Cnæus Julius, Roman general. Agricola, Christoph Ludwig, German painter. Agricola, Georg, German mineralogist. Agricola, Johann Friedrich, German musician. Agricola, Johannes, German Reformer. Agricola, Rodolphus, German scholar. Agriculture. Early Works, &c. Recent British Agriculture. Practice of British Agriculture. Farm Buildings. Fences. Machines and Implements of Husbandry. Preparation of the Land for Tillage Operations. Tillage Operations. Succession of Crops. Manures. Cultivated Crops—Grain Crops. Cultivated Crops—Root Crops. Cultivates Crops—Heritage and Forage Crops. Cultivated Crops—Crops of Limited Cultivation. Live Stock—Horses. Live Stock—Cattle. Live Stock—Sheep. Live Stock—Goats, &c. Improvement of Waste Lands. General Observations. Large and Small Farming. contents. Agrigentum, ancient town, Sicily. Agrionia, Greek festival. Agrippa, Herod, king of Judæa. Agrippa, Herod, II., king of Chalcis. Agrippa, Marcus Vipsanius, Roman general. Agrippa, Henry Cornelius, German philosopher. Agrippina, wife of Germanicus. Agrippina, mother of Nero. Agroteras Thusia, Greek festival. Agtelek, village and cave, Hungary. Agua, Volcano de, Central America. Aguado, Alexander Maria, Jewish banker. Aguas Calientes, town, Mexico. Aguilar, Grace, English authoress. Aguilar de la Frontera, town, Spain. Aguillon, François d’, mathematician. Aguirra, Josef Saenz d’, Spanish writer. Agulhas, Cape, South Africa. Ahab, king of Israel. Ahala, Roman family. Ahanta, territory, Gold Coast, Africa. Ahasuerus, king of Persia. Ahaz, king of Judah. Ahaziah, king of Israel. Ahaziah, king of Israel. Ahenobarbus, Roman family. Ahithophel, of Scripture. Ahmadabad, district and town, British India. Ahmadnagar, district and town, British India. Ahmed Shah, Afghan ruler. Ahriman, Zoroastrian principle of evil. Ahwaz, town, Persia. Ai, three-toed sloth. Aidan, ancient Scottish king. Aidan, St, bishop of Lindisfarne. Aide-de-Camp, military officer. Aidin, town, Asiatic Turkey. Aids, feudal tribute. Aikin, John, English writer. Aikin, Lucy, English writer. Aikman, William, Scottish portrait painter. Ailred, English historian. Ailsa Craig, rock, Firth of Clyde. Ain, department, France. Ainad, town, Arabia. Ainmuller, Maximilian Emmanuel, German glass-painter. Ainos, tribe, Japan. Ainsworth, Henry, English divine. Ainsworth, Robert, author of Latin Dictionary. Aintab, town, Syria. Air. Air-Engine. Air-Gun. Air-Pump. Air, country, Central Africa. Airay, Henry, Puritan divine. Airdrie, town, Scotland. Aire, river, England. Aire, town, Pas-de-Calais, France. Aire, town, Landes, France. Aisle, in architecture. Aisne, department, France. Aiton, William, British botanist. Aitzema, Leon van, Dutch historian. Aix, town, Bouches-du-Rhone, France. Aix, town, Savoie, France. Aix-la-Chapelle, town, Rhenish Prussia. Ajaccio, town, Corsica. Ajan, in Greek legend. Ajax, in Greek legend. Ajax Oileus, in Greek legend. Ajeho, town, Manchuria. Ajmir, or Ajmere, district and town, India. Ajuruoca, town, Brazil. Akabah, Gulf of, Red Sea. Akbar, the Great, emperor of Delhi. Aken, town, Prussia. Akenside, Mark, English poet. Akerblad, Jan David, Swedish Orientalist. Akerman, town, Russia. Akerman, John Yonge, English numismatist. Akhalzikh, town, Transcaucasia, Russia. Akhissar, town, Asiatic Turkey. Akhtyrka, town, Russia. Akiba, Ben Joseph, rabbi. Akola, district and town, British India. Akron, town, Ohio, U.S.A. Ak-su, town, Chinese Turkestan. Akyab, district and town, British Barmah. | Alabama, State, U.S.A. Alabaster, mineral. Alabaster, William, English writer. Alacranes, islands, Gulf of Mexico. Alagoas, province, Brazil. Alain de Lille, theologian. Alais, town, France. Alajuela, town, Costa Rica. Alamanni, Luigi, Italian poet. Alamos, Los, town, Mexico. Alamos de Barrientos, Balthazar, Spanish philologist. Alan, William, cardinal. Aland Islands, Gulf of Bothnia. Alani, Eastern tribes. Alarcon, Hernando de, Spanish navigator. Alarcon y Mendoza, Juan Ruiz de, Spanish dramatist. Alaric, king of the West Goths. Alaric II., king of the Goths. Alasco, John, Polish theologian. Ala-Shehr, town, Asia Minor. Alaska, Territory, U.S.A. Alatri, town, Itay. Alava, province, Spain. Alava, Miguel Ricardo d’, Spanish general. Alay, Turkish ceremony. Alb, ecclesiastical vestment. Alba, town, Italy. Alba Longa, ancient town, Italy. Albacete, province, Spain. Alban, St, British martyr. Albani, Francesco, Italian painter. Albania, province, Turkey in Europe. Albania, ancient country, Asia. Albano, town and lake, Italy. Albany, town New York, U.S.A. Albany, Louisa of Stolberg, countess of. Albategni, Arabian astronomer. Albatross, bird. Albay, town, Philippines. Alberoni, Giulio, cardinal and Spanish minister. Albert, dukes of Austria. Albert the Bear, margrave of Brandenberg. Albert, first duke of Prussia. Albert, cardinal, elector of Mainz. Albert, prince consort, of England. Albert Nyanza, lake, Africa. Alberti, Leon Battista, Italian architect. Albertrandy, John Christian, Polish historian. Albertus Magnus, scholastic philosopher. Albi, town, France. Albigenses, religious sect. Albino, person abnormally white. Albinus, Bernard Siegfried, anatomist. Albinus, Flaccus (Alcuin, q.v.), learned ecclesiastic. Alboin, king of the Lombards. Albornoz, Spanish cardinal. Albrechtsberger, Johann Georg, musician. Albuera, village, Spain. Albufera de Valencia, lagoon, Spain. Album. Albumazar, Arabian astronomer. Albumen. Albuquerque, town, Spain. Albuquerque, Alphonso d’, Portuguese governor of India. Alcæus, Greek poet. Alcaics, in poetry. Alcaide, Spanish officer. Alcala de Guadaira, town, Spain. Alcala de Henares, town, Spain. Alcala la Real, town, Spain. Alcalde, Spanish official. Alcamenes, Greek sculptor. Alcamo, town, Sicily. Alcantara, town, Spain. Alcantara, seaport, Brazil. Alcantara, Knights of. Alcaraz, town, Spain. Alcavala, Spanish tax. Alcazar de San Juan, town, Spain. Alcazar Kebir, town, Morocco. Alcester, town, England. Alcestis, in Greek legend. Alchemy. Cosmogonies and Philosophies. The Sacred Art. Alchemy of the Middle Ages. Paracelsus and his Influence. Alciati, Andrea. Alcibiades, Greek leader. Alcinous, Greek philosopher. Alcinous, of Greek mythology. Alciphron, Greek letter-writer. Alcira, town, Spain. Alcman, Alexandrian critic. Alcmene, mother of Hercules. Alcock, John, English bishop. Alcohol. Alcoy, town, Spain. Alcudia, Duke of, Spanish statesman. Alcuin, early English ecclesiastic. Alcyonius, Petrus, Italian classical scholar. Aldan, river, Siberia. Aldan Mountains, Siberia. Aldborough, town, Suffolk, England. Aldeburgh, town, England. Aldegrever, Heinrich, German painter. Alder, tree. Alderman. Alderney, Channel Islands, England. Aldershott Camp, town and camp, England. Aldhelm, St, early English writer. Aldine Press ([[../Manutius/|See Manutius). Aldini, Giovanni, Italian physicist. Aldred, archbishop of York. Aldrich, Dr Henry, English writer. Aldrovandi, Ulisse, Italian naturalist. Aldstone, town, England. Ale. Ale-Conner, assize officer. Aleandro, Girolamo, cardinal. Aleman, Louis, cardinal. Alemanni, German tribe. Alembic, for distillation. Alemtejo, province, Portugal. Alençon, town, France. Alenio, Giulio, Jesuit missionary. Aleppo, town, Syria. Ales, Alexander, Scottish Reformer. Alessandri, Alessandro, Italian jurisconsult. Alessandria, province and town, Italy. Alessi, Galeazzo, Italian architect. Aleutian Islands. Alexander the Great, king of Macedonia. Alexander of Aphrodisias, Peripatetic philosopher. Alexander of Hales, theologian and philosopher. Alexander of Tralles, Byzantine physician. Alexander Balas, king of Syria. Alexander Jannæus, king of the Jews. Alexander Severus (Severus, q.v.). Alexander, popes. Alexander I., king of Scotland. Alexander II., of Scotland. Alexander III., of Scotland. Alexander I., czar of Russia. Alexander Jaroslawitz Nevski, Saint. Alexander, Archibald, American divine. Alexander, Joseph Addison, American divine. Alexander, Sir William, earl of Stirling, Scottish poet. Alexandretta (See Scanderoon), town, Asia Minor. Alexandria, town, Egypt. Alexandria, town, Scotland. Alexandria, town, Virginia, U.S.A. Alexandrian Manuscript. Alexandrian School. Alexandrine Verse. Alexis, Greek poet. Alexius I., Comnenus, Byzantine emperor. Alfani, Domenico, Italian painter. Al-Farabi, Arabian philosopher. Alfieri, Vittorio, Italian poet. Alford, Henry, dean of Canterbury. Alfred the Great, English king. Algæ, order of plants. Algardi, Alessandro, Italian author. Algarotti, Francesco, Italian author. Algarve, province, Portugal. Algau, district, Bavaria. Al-Gazali, Arabian philosopher. Algebra. History. Notation and First Principles. Fundamental Operations. Involution and Evolution. Surds. Proportion and Progression. Resolution of Equations involving one Unknown Quatity. Resolution of Equations involving more than one Unknown Quantity. Questions producing Simple Equations. Solution of Quadratic Equations. Equations in general. Solution of Cubic Equations. Solution of Biquadratic Equations. Solution of Equations in which certain relations are known to exist amongst the Roots. Solution of Equations by Approximation. Indeterminate Problems. Theorems of Expansion. Continued Fractions. Permutations, Combinations, and Probabilities. On Series in General; their Summation and Convergence. Algeciras, town, Spain. Alger of Liége, French author. Algeria, country, Africa. Alghero, town, Sardinia. Algiers, town, Algeria. Algoa Bay, Cape Colony. Alhama, town, Granada, Spain. Alhama, town, Murcia, Spain. Alhambra, palace, Granada, Spain. Alhazen, Arabian mathematician. Ali, caliph. Ali Bey, sultan of Egypt. Ali Pasha, ruler of Albania. Alias, in law. Alibi, in law. Alicante, province and town, Spain. Alicata, town, Sicily. Alicudi (See Lipari Islands), Mediterranean. Alien, in law. Aligarh, district, British India. Aliment, in Scots law. Alimony, in English law. Alison, Archibald, Scottish divine. Alison, Sir Archibald, historian. Alizarin, colouring matter. Alkali, in chemistry. Alkaloids, in chemistry. Alkanet, plant. Al-Kindi, Arabian philosopher. Alkmaar, town, Netherlands. Alkmaar, Heinrik von, German satirist. All-Saints Day. Allah, Arabian name of God. Allahabad, division, district, and town, British India. Allamand, Jean Nicolas Sebastian, natural philosopher. Allan, David, Scottish painter. Allan, Sir William, Scottish painter. Alleghany Mountains, U.S.A. Alleghany, river, U.S.A. Allegheny, town, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. Allegiance, in law. Allegory. Allegri, Antonio (Corregio, q.v.), painter. Allegri, Gregorio, Italian musician. Alleine, Joseph, English divine. Alleine, Richard, English divine. Allen, Bog of, Ireland. Allen, John, political writer. Allen, Thomas, English mathematician. Allentown, town, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. Allestry, Richard, English Royalist. Alleyn, Edward, founder of Dulwich College, London. Alliance. Allier, department and river, France. Alligator, reptile. Alliteration. Allix, Pierre, French divine. Alloa, town, Scotland. Allodium, in land tenure. Allori, Alessandro, Italian painter. Allori, Cristofano, Italian painter. Allotropy, in chemistry. Alloxan, in chemistry. Alloy, in assaying. Allston, Washington, American painter and poet. Alluvium, land made up of sediment. Alma, river, Russia. Almaden, town, Spain. Almagest, Ptolemy’s astronomical work. Almagro, town, Spain. Almagro, Diego d’, Spanish commander. Almali, town, Asiatic Turkey. Al-Mamun, caliph. Almanac. Almansa, town, Spain. Alme, singing girls of Egypt. Almeida, town, Portugal. Almeida, Francisco de, viceroy of Portuguese India. Almeria, province and town, Spain. Almohades, Mohammedan dynasty. Almon, John, political writer and publisher. Almond, tree and fruit. Almondbury, town, England. Almoner, ecclesiastical office. Almora, town, India. Almoravides, Mohammedan dynasty. Almqvist, Karl Jonas Ludwig, Swedish writer. Almug Tree, of Scripture. Almunecar, town, Spain. Alnwick, town, England. Aloe, plant. Aloidæ, in Greek legend. Alompra, Burmese king. Alost, town, Belgium. Alpaca, wool-bearing animal. Alp Arslan, Seljuk sultan. Alpes, three departments (Basses, Hautes, Maritimes), France. Alpha and Omega. Alphabet. Alpheus, father of the apostle James. Alphonso, kings in the Spanish peninsula. Alphonsus a Sancta Maria, Spanish historian. Alpini, Prospero, Italian physician and botanist. Alps. Alpujarras, district, Spain. Alredus, early English historian. Alresford, New, town, England. Alsace, province, Germany. Alsen, island, Schleswig-Holstein. Alsop, Vincent, Puritan divine. Alsted, Johann Heinkich, German author. Alston, Charles, Scottish botanist. Alstroemer, Jonas, Swedish industrial reformer. Alt, river, Transylvania. Altai Mountains, Siberia. Altamura, town, Italy. Altar. Altdorf, town, Switzerland. Altdorfer, Albrecht, German painter. Altenburg. Alten Oetting, town, Bavaria. Altenstein, castle, Saxe-Meiningen, Germany. Altin, lake, Siberia. Alting, Heinrich, German theologian. Alting, Jacob, German theologian. Alton, town, England. Alton, town, Illinois, U.S.A. Altona, town, Schleswig-Holstein. Altoona, town, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. Alto-Rilievo, in sculpture. Altringham, town, England. Alum, chemical salt. Alumbagh, enclosure, Lucknow. Aluminium, chemical element. Aluta (Alt, q.v.), an affluent of the Danube. Alva, village, Scotland. Alva, Duke of, Spanish general. Alvarado, Pedro de, Spanish discoverer. Alvarez, Francisco, Portuguese traveller. Alvarez, José, Spanish sculptor. Alvarez, Manuel, Spanish sculptor. Alwar, state, India. Alypius, Greek writer on music. Alypius of Antioch, geographer. Alyth, town, Scotland. | Amadeus V., of Savoy. Amadeus VIII., duke of Savoy. Amadis of Gaul, Spanish romance. Amadou, fungus. Amager, island, Denmark. Amalasontha, daughter of Theodoric. Amalekites, of Scripture. Amalfi, town, Italy. Amalgam, mercurial alloy. Amalia, Anna, duchess of Saxe-Weimar. Amalric, king of Jerusalem. Amalteo, Italian family. Amalteo, Pomponio, Venetian painter. Amara Sinha, Sanskrit writer. Amaranth. Amarapura, town, Burma. Amasia, town, Turkey in Asia. Amasis, king of Egypt. Amat, Felix, Spanish historian. Amati, family of violin makers. Amatitlan, lake and town, Guatemala. Amaurosis, disease of the eye. Amaxichi, town, Ionian Islands. Amazon, river, South America. Amazons, female warriors. Ambala, division, district, and town, British India. Ambarvalia, Roman festival. Ambassador. Ambato, town, Ecuador. Amber. Amberg, town, Bavaria. Ambergris, concretion in sperm whale. Ambert, town, France. Ambleside, town, England. Ambleteuse, town, France. Ambo, reading desk. Amboise, town, France. Amboyna, island and town, Moluccas. Ambracia, ancient town, Epirus. Ambrose of Alexandria. Ambrose, St, bishop of Milan. Ambrose, Isaac, Puritan divine. Ambrosius, Aurelianus, leader of the Britons. Ambulance. Amelot de la Houssaye, Abraham N., French writer. Amelotte, Denis, French writer. Amentiferæ, division of plants. America. American Literature. Introductory. Conditions and Characteristics of American Literature. Earlier American Literature. The Literature of the Nineteenth Century. Summary. Amerigo Vespucci (See Vespucci). Amersfoort, town, Holland. Amersham, town, England. Ames, Fisher, American statesman and author. Ames, Joseph, English writer. Ames, William, Puritan divine and moralist. Amesbury, town, England. Amethyst, precious stone. Amherst, district and town, British Burmah. Amherst, town, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Amherst, Earl. Amhurst, Nicholas, English writer. Amianthus, mineral. Amici, Giovanni Battista, Italian optician. Amiens, town, France. Amiot, Joseph, Jesuit missionary. Amlwch, town, Wales. Amman, Johann Conrad, Swiss physician. Amman, Jost, Swiss wood-engraver. Amman, Paul, German physician and botanist. Ammanati, Bartolomeo, Florentine architect. Ammianus, Marcellinus, Roman historian. Ammirato, Scipio, Italian historian. Ammon, Egyptian divinity. Ammon, Christoph Friedrich von, German theologian. Ammonia, in chemistry. Ammoniac, Sal, chemical salt. Ammoniacum, resinous exudation. Ammonites, of Scripture. Ammonius Lithotomus, surgeon of Alexandria. Ammonius Saccas, founder of Alexandrian school of Neoplatonism. Ammunition. Amnesty. Amol, town, Persia. Amontons, Guillaume, French physicist. Amoor, Amour, or Amur, river, Eastern Asia. Amorites, of Scripture. Amorphism, in chemistry and mineralogy. Amoy, town, China. Ampère, André-Marie, French scientist. Ampère, Jean-Jacques-Antoine, French writer. Amphiaraus, in Greek mythology. Amphibia, class of vertibrate animals. Amphictyony, Greek religious confederation. Amphion, in Greek mythology. Amphioxus, genus of fishes. Amphipolis, town, Macedonia. Amphisbæna, genus of lizards. Amphitheatre. Amphitrite, in Greek legend. Amphora, ancient vessel. Amplitude, in astronomy. Ampthill, town, England. Ampulla, ancient vessel. Amraoti, district and town, India. Amritsar, district and town, India. Amru-Ibn-El-Ass, Moslem conqueror of Egypt. Amru-El-Kais, Arabian poet. Amsancti Vallis, Italy. Amsdorf, Nicolaus, Reformer. Amsler, Samuel, engraver. Amsterdam, capital of Holland. Amsterdam, island, Indian Ocean. Amulet, charm. Amurath I., Turkish sultan. Amurath II., sultan. Amurath III., sultan. Amurath IV., sultan. Amwell, village, England. Amymone, in Greek legend. Amyot, Jacques, French bishop and writer. Amyraut, Moses, French theologian. Ana. Anabaptists, religious sect. Anabasis, Xenophon’s work. Anacharsis, Scythian philosopher. Anachronism. Anacoluthon, grammatical incongruity. Anaconda, snake. Anacreon, Greek poet. Anadyomene, epithet of Aphrodite. Anadyr, gulf and river, Siberia. Anæsthesia, in medicine. Anagni, town, Italy. Anagram, transposition of letters. Anahuac, plateau, Mexico. Analogy, logical process. Analogy, in comparative anatomy. Analysis. Analytic Judgments. Anam, kingdom, Cochin China. Anastasius I., emperor of Constantinople. Anastasius II., emperor of Constantinople. Anathema. Anatolia, division, Asiatic Turkey. Anatomy. History of Anatomy. Special Anatomy of the Human Body. Anatomy of the Organs of Locomotion. Anatomy of the Textures or Tissues. Nervous System. Vascular System. contents. |