OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Latewar, Richard

​LATEWAR, RICHARD (1560–1601), scholar, was son of Thomas Latewar of London. He was born in 1560, and in 1571 was sent to Merchant Taylors' School (Robinson, Register, i. 17), whence he was elected scholar of St. John's College, Oxford, in 1580, and in due course became fellow. He was admitted B.A. 28 Nov. 1584, M.A. 23 May 1588, B.D. 2 July 1594, and D.D. 5 Feb. 1597. In 1593 he was proctor, at which time he was rector of Hopton, Suffolk. In 1596 he was recommended by the university of Oxford as one of the candidates for the first Gresham professorship of divinity (Ward, Lives of Professors at Gresham College, p. 36). On 28 June 1599 he was appointed rector of Finchley, Middlesex (Newcourt, Repert. i. 605), and was afterwards chaplain to Charles Blount, eighth lord Mountjoy, whom he accompanied on his expedition to Ireland. He died on 17 July 1601, from a wound received at Benburb, co. Tyrone, on the ​previous day (Fynes Moryson, Hist. Ireland, ii. 264, ed. 1735), and was buried in the church at Armagh. A monument was erected to his memory in St. John's College chapel by his father; the date of his death is incorrectly given as 27 July. Amhurst, in his 'Terræ Filius,' p. 185, alleges that on the monument there were these lines:
A sero bello dives durusque vocatus, A sero bello nomen et omen habet.
They are not there now. The actual inscription is given in Wood's 'History and Antiquities of the University of Oxford,' p. 566, ed. 1786.
Latewar was a famous preacher, and a Latin poet of some merit. Stow refers to his poetic gifts (Annals, ed. 1631, p. 812). Samuel Daniel [q. v.] speaks of him as his friend, and in the 'Apology' to his 'Philotas' mentions that Latewar told him that he 'himself had written the same argument and caused it to be presented in St. John's College, Oxon., where, as I afterwards heard, it was worthily and with great applause performed.' Latewar contributed verses to the Oxford 'Exequiæ' on Sir Philip Sidney, as well as to some other books. He also wrote: 1. 'Carmen ἀπομνημονευτικόν, Coll. S. Johan. Bapt.,' which was restored and augmented by Richard Andrews, a later fellow of the college. 2. 'Concio Latina ad Academicos Oxon.,' 1594, a sermon on Philippians iii. 1, preached on his admission to his B.D., and printed in 1594 with his apology in Latin. A letter from Latewar to Sir Robert Cotton, of no particular interest, is preserved in Cotton. MS. Julius C. iii. f. 231. An epitaph on him is contained in the 'Affaniæ' of Charles Fitzgeffrey [q. v.]
[Wood's Athenæ Oxon. i. 709; Hunter's Chorus Vatum, Addit. MS. 24491, f. 407; information kindly supplied by the Rev. W. H. Hutton, fellow of St. John's College; authorities quoted.]
C. L. K.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Forde, Thomas (d.1582)

​FORDE, THOMAS (d. 1582), catholic divine, was born in Devonshire and educated at Trinity College, Oxford, where he obtained a fellowship. He proceeded B.A. 13 May 1563, and commenced M.A. 14 July 1567 (Boase, Register of the Univ. of Oxford, p. 251). On being converted to the Roman catholic faith he went in 1570 to the English College at Douay. In March 1572-3 he was ordained priest at Brussels, with Richard Bristow [q. v.] and Gregory Martin, these being the first three alumni who were presented for holy orders from Douay College. He took the degree of B.D. in the university of Douay in 1576, and soon afterwards returned to England upon the mission. On 17 July 1581 he was apprehended with Edmund Campion [q. v.] and John Colleton [q. v.], in the house of Mr. Yates at Lyford, Berkshire. He was conveyed to London with the other priests and committed to the Tower. On the testimony of two perjured witnesses he was convicted of complicity in the pretended conspiracy of Rheims and Rome, although he had never been in either of those cities. Sentence of death was pronounced 21 Nov. 1581. On 28 May 1582 he was executed with two other priests, John Shert and Robert Johnson. Between the time of their condemnation and execution they were examined in the Tower by the attorney- and solicitor-general, Popham and Egerton, and two civilians, Dr. Hammond and Dr. Lewis, in order to elicit from them opinions which might be considered treasonable in reference to the bull of Pope Pius V and the deposing power of the holy see. Forde was beatified by the decree of Pope Leo XIII, dated 29 Dec. 1886.
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Ford, Stephen

​ FORD, STEPHEN (d. 1694), nonconformist divine, is said to have been a servant to the head of a college at Oxford. He certainly studied at Oxford, though at what college does not appear. During the Commonwealth he was presented to the vicarage of Chipping Norton, Oxfordshire, where, after his ejectment in 1662, he still continued to preach privately as he had opportunity. But he was sadly harassed by reason of his nonconformity, and at length, on some of his enemies threatening his life, he removed to London. There he settled with a congregation ​in Miles Lane, Cannon Street, and continued to officiate as their pastor nearly thirty years. He often preached in the time of the plague, when other ministers had fled into the country. In May 1692 Matthew Clarke (1664–1726) [q. v.] was ordained joint-pastor with him. Ford is said to have died ‘some time in the year 1694’ (Walter Wilson}}, Dissenting Churches, i. 473). He published: 1. ‘The Evil Tongue condemned; or, the Heinousness of Defaming and Backbiting,’ 8vo, London, 1672. 2. ‘A Gospel-Church: or, God's Holy Temple opened,’ 8vo, London, 1675, and other tracts vaguely mentioned by Calamy. Ford was one of the twenty-one divines who subscribed John Faldo's ‘Quakerism No Christianity,’ 8vo, 1675.
[Calamy and Palmer's Nonconf. Memorial (1802–3), iii. 121–2; Walter Wilson's Dissenting Churches, i. 472–3, 476–7; Joseph Smith's Bibliotheca Anti-Quakeriana, p. 188.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Ford, William (1771-1832)

​FORD, WILLIAM (1771–1832), bookseller and bibliographer, son of John Ford, tinman, was born at Manchester in 1771, and educated at the grammar school of that town. Though intended originally for the medical profession, he went into the Manchester trade, and subsequently became a book and print seller. While in business as a manufacturer, he formed a curious and valuable library, which when he commenced as a bookseller served as the basis of the stock described in his first catalogue, dated 1805. In this catalogue were many rarities, one of which was a volume containing 'Licia, or Poems of Love,' and the original edition of Shakespeare's 'Venus and Adonis,' 1593, now in the Malone collection, Bodleian Library. The catalogue attracted the attention of bibliophiles all over the country, and brought him into correspondence with Dibdin, Malone, Heber, Bindley, and other collectors. The collection proauced upwards of 6,000l. In a letter to Dibdin, Ford wrote: 'It was my love of books, not of lucre, which first induced me to become a bookseller.' His second catalogue came out in 1807, and his third, containing more than fifteen thousand articles, in 1800-11 . Other catalogues followed, and all were esteemed for their accurate descriptions and curious bibliographical notes. He was a chief contributor to a series of papers in 'Aston's Exchange Herald,' of which twenty-four copies were reprinted in octavo, with the title, 'Bibliographiana, or Bibliographical Essays, by a Society of Gentlemen,' Manchester, 1817. Of a continuation of these papers, printed in the 'Stockport Advertiser,' only ten reprints were made up. In the same paper he wrote a useful chronology of Manchester. He was also one of the early contributors to the 'Retrospective Review.' In 1810 he met with a reverse of fortune, and his large stock was sold by auction. He resumed business soon after, but was not rewarded with the success which, in the opinion of Dibdin, his efforts and merit deserved. His last catalogue was printed at Liverpool in 1832, where he had carried on business for a few years. Books from his stock, frequently containing annotations in his handwriting, are still to be met with. He published a series of local views and portraits, some of which were etched by himself. His portrait was painted and etched by Wyatt in 1824. He died at Liverpool on 3 Oct. 1832, and was buried in St. James's cemetery.
His son John carried on the same business, and that of an auctioneer. A second son, William Henry, survived until 1882.
C. W. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Forde, Samuel

​FORDE, SAMUEL (1805–1828), painter, born at Cork on 5 April 1805, was son of Samuel Forde, a tradesman, who became involved in difficulties, and went to America, deserting his family. The elder brother was a talented musician, and was able to earn sufficient to send young Samuel to ​school, where he learnt Latin and French. A friend, Mr. Aungier, taught him Latin, and he learnt Greek by his own perseverance. Forde very soon displayed a talent for art, and though Cork did not offer much to inspire a youthful artist, his taste for literature helped to nourish and foster the high aspirations which distinguished, even in his schoolboy days, the numberless sketches on which he employed himself. He became a student in the Cork Academy, drawing from the collection of casts which Lord Listowel had obtained for that institution. The master, Chalmers, was also a scene painter, and taught Forde distemper painting, so that he was able to be employed at the theatre. He had an intention of becoming a mezzotint engraver, and taught himself the art with materials roughly made by his own hands, but soon relinquished any further practice, and became a teacher of drawing, and subsequently master in the Cork Mechanics' Institute. Among his fellow-students and intimate friends was Daniel Maclise [q. v.] Up to about twenty years of age Forde was principally engaged on works of a decorative character painted in distemper ; in 1826 he was able to execute works of his own invention, and give expression to the grand projects which his poetical mind conceived. His first picture was the 'Vision of Tragedy,' the idea taken from Milton, which was painted in distemper, in grey and white. A cartoon for this subject was in the possession of Mr. Justice Willes, and was presented by his nephew to the South Kensington Museum. Forde was continually occupied in projecting pictures of an ambitious nature. In November 1827 he painted in two days a 'Crucifixion' for the chapel of Skibbereen. In October 1827 his lungs first became affected. Early in 1828 he commenced a large picture of the 'Fall of the Rebel Angels,' but although he was able to dispose of the picture, he was not destined to complete it. He slowly sank under the increase of his consumptive symptoms, and died on 29 July 1828, at the early age of twenty-three. He was buried in St. Finn Barr's churchyard at Cork.
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Ford, Thomas (d.1648)

​FORD, THOMAS (d. 1648), composer, was one of the musicians of Henry, Prince of Wales. The appendix to Dr. Birch's ‘Life’ of the prince shows that in 1611 Ford received a salary of 30l. per annum, which was soon afterwards increased to 40l. He with the rest of the musicians may possibly have been appointed before the prince was created Prince of Wales (see Birch, p. 427 n.) It is probable that after the prince's death the salaries were continued, for in 1626 he received a grant of 80l. per annum, ‘40l. for the place he formerly held, and 40l. for that which John Ballard deceased held’ (Rymer, Fœdera, ed. 1715, xviii. 728). In 1607 he published ‘Musicke of Sundrie Kindes. Set forth in two Bookes. The first whereof are Aries (sic) for four Voices to the Lute, Orphorion, or Basse-Viol, with a Dialogue for two Voices, and two Basse-Viols in parts tunde the Lute way. The second are Pavens, Galiards, Almaines, Toies, Iigges, Thumpes, and such like, for two Basse-Viols, the Liera way, so made as the greatest number may serve to play alone, very easy to be performde. Composed by Thomas Ford. Imprinted at London by Iohn Windet at the Assignes of William Barley, and are to be sold by Iohn Browne in Saint Dunstons churchyard in Fleetstreet, 1607.’ The first book, containing eleven songs, among which are the celebrated ‘Since first I saw your face,’ and ‘There is a Lady sweet and kind,’ is dedicated to Sir Richard Weston, and the second, containing eighteen pieces, to Sir Richard Tichborne. An anthem, in five parts, ‘Let God arise,’ is printed in the Musical Antiquarian Society's publication for 1845 (p. 61), from a set of manuscript part-books in the possession of the editor, Mr. Rimbault, and formerly in that of John Evelyn. Ford contributed to Sir William Leighton's ‘Tears and Lamentacions of a Sorrowfull Soule’ (1614) two anthems, ‘Almighty God, which hast me brought,’ for four voices with lute and treble-viol, and ‘Not unto us’ for five voices. In Hilton's ‘Catch that catch can’ (1652) three sacred canons by Ford are contained: ‘I am so weary’ (reprinted in Burney's Hist. iii. 415), ‘O Lord, I lift my heart to Thee,’ and ‘Look down, O Lord’ (ib. p. 416). Another canon, ‘Haste thee, O Lord,’ contained in Tudway's collection (Harl. MS. 7337), ascribed to Ramsey, is considered by Mr. T. Oliphant to be by Ford (pencil note in MS.). Ford died in November 1648, and was buried on the 17th in St. Margaret's, Westminster.
[Hawkins's Hist. ed. 1853, pp. 566, 570; Birch's Life of Henry, Prince of Wales, 1760, pp. 427, 455, 467; Grove's Dict. i. 540; Registers of St. Margaret's, Westminster; authorities quoted above.]
J. A. F. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Ford, William (fl.1616)

​FORD or FOORD, WILLIAM (fl. 1616), divine, was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he graduated B.A. in 1578. He was elected fellow of his college in 1581, proceeded M.A. in 1582, and commenced B.D. in 1591. He afterwards became chaplain to the Levant Company at Constantinople. On 31 July 1611 he petitioned the court for an augmentation of his salary of two hundred sequins; on the following 1 Oct. the court allowed him an advance from 30l. to 50l. on the ground of his being 'well spoken of for paines and merits in his charge.' On 1 Sept. 1613 he intimated a wish to resign his post, but was requested to remain a year longer. He received permission to return home, 6 July 1614. His only known publication is 'A Sermon [on Gen. xxiii. 2-4] preached at Constantinople, in the Vines of Perah, at the Funerall of the vertuous and admired Lady Anne Glover, sometime Wife to the Honourable Knight Sir Thomas Glover, and then Ambassadour ordinary for his Maiesty of Great Britaine, in the Port of the Great Turke,' 4to, London, 1616. In dedicating this discourse to Lady Wentworth the author would perhaps be encouraged, should it prove acceptable to her, 'to second it with some more pleasing and delightfull subiect, which mine owne experience hath gathered from no lesse painefull then farre forraigne obseruations.'
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Mahomed, Frederick Henry Horatio Akbar

​MAHOMED, FREDERICK HENRY HORATIO AKBAR (1849–1884), physician, son of the keeper of a Turkish bath, was born at Brighton in April 1849. He began medical studies at an early age at the ​Sussex County Hospital, and went thence to Guy's Hospital, where he obtained several prizes. He became a member of the College of Surgeons in 1872, and soon after became resident medical officer at the London Fever Hospital. In 1875 he was elected medical tutor at St. Mary's Hospital, and shortly after medical registrar at Guy's Hospital. While discharging the very laborious duties of this office he entered at Caius College, Cambridge, and used to go to Cambridge every evening by the last train in order to perform the pernoctation essential for keeping a term, returning to London by an early morning train. He had taken the degree of M.D. at Brussels, and in 1881 he graduated M.B. at Cambridge, taking no other degree, and in the same year he was elected assistant physician to Guy's Hospital. In 1880 he was elected a fellow of the College of Physicians of London. He was the chief mover in the establishment of a system of obtaining information on diseases by means of replies to printed papers of questions forwarded to practitioners of medicine throughout the country, and worked most laboriously at this ‘collective investigation.’ He made many contributions to the ‘Transactions of the Pathological Society’ (vols. xxvi. xxviii. xxxii. xxxiv. xxxv. xxxvi. xxxvii. xxxviii.), of which the most important is one on the sphygmographic evidence of arterio-capillary fibrosis; and he wrote a long series of papers on the results of the use of the sphygmograph in the investigation of disease in the ‘British Medical Journal.’ To the ‘Transactions of the Medico-Chirurgical Society’ he contributed a valuable paper on the early stages of scarlatinal nephritis, and also published many observations in the Guy's Hospital ‘Reports.’ He died of enteric fever on 22 Nov. 1884, at his house in Manchester Square, London. He had been married twice. He was a tall, muscular man, of a dark complexion, impulsive in manner, and possessed of extraordinary powers of work.
[British Medical Journal, 29 Nov. 1884; personal knowledge; Works.]
N. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Maguire, Nicholas

​MAGUIRE, NICHOLAS (1460?–1512), bishop of Leighlin, natural son of a priest, was born in Idrone, co. Carlow, about 1460. He was educated at Oxford, where he is said to have remained two years and three months with much profit, and to have taken one or more degrees (Wood, Athenæ, i. 15). On his return to his native country he was made prebendary of Hillard or Ullard, in the diocese of Leighlin, and was highly respected ​there for his assiduity in preaching, learning, and hospitality. On 21 April 1490 he was advanced by papal provision to the see of Leighlin, vacant by the death in 1489 of Milo Roche, whose life he wrote. Maguire died at Leighlin in 1512, and was buried in the church there. Dowling ‘comendes him for hospitalitie and the number of cowes that he grased without losse (so well was he beloved) upon the woodes and mountaines of Knockbrannen,’ and he is described as ‘beinge in favour with the king and nobilitie of Leinster’ (Annals, ii. 32).
Maguire is said to have commenced many works, but he only completed the ‘Chronicon Hiberniæ’ and ‘Vita Milonis Episcopi Leighlinensis.’ The former was materially useful to Dowling in the composition of his ‘Annals.’ Neither work seems now accessible. There is a drawing of his episcopal seal in the archives of Christ Church, Dublin.
[Ware's Ireland, i. 460; Dowling's Annals, ii. 32, who notes that Maguire's Life was written by Thomas Browne, his chaplain; Wood's Athenæ Oxon. i. 15; Tanner's Bibl. Brit. p. 499; Cotton's Fasti, ii. 381, 386, 400, v. 183; Brady's Episcopal Succession, i. 384; Nouvelle Biographie Générale.]
A. F. P.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Maguire, Thomas (1792-1847)

​MAGUIRE, THOMAS, D.D. (1792–1847), Roman catholic controversialist, born in 1792 on the lands of Turagan in the parish of Kinnawly, about three miles from Swanlinbar, co. Cavan, was son of Thomas Maguire, a member of one of the highest families of the Knockninny Maguires; his mother, Judith Maguire, was sister to Dr. Patrick Maguire, coadjutor bishop of Kilmore. He entered the college at Maynooth in 1814, ​and was ordained priest in September 1816 in the parish church of Templeport. After acting as curate to his uncle, Dr. Maguire, he was parish priest of Drumreilly from July 1818 till September 1825, when he was promoted to the parish of Ennismagrath. In 1827 he engaged with the Rev. Richard T. P. Pope in the lecture-room of the Dublin Institution in a public discussion respecting the distinctive doctrines of the Roman church. As usual on such occasions both sides claimed the victory. He succeeded Hugh O'Reilly as parish priest of Ballinamore in August 1835, and he was also dean of Kilmore. In 1838 he engaged in another polemical discussion, of nine days' duration, at Dublin with the Rev. Tresham D. Gregg. He died at Ballinamore on 2 Dec. 1847.
‘He used to boast that he was the best shot, the best courser, the best quoit-player, the best breeder of greyhounds, pointers, and spaniels, and the best brewer of “scaltheen” in the whole county of Leitrim. He is supposed to have been poisoned by his housekeeper, together with his brother and sister-in-law’ (Gent. Mag. March 1848, p. 334).
‘Authenticated Reports’ of his platform discussions appeared at Dublin in 1827 and 1839 respectively. The accuracy of the earlier report is attested by both the disputants. The second was published by Gregg. Maguire published his ‘Lectures delivered in SS. Michael and John's Church, Lower Exchange Street, during the Lent of 1842,’ 2nd edit. Dublin, 1842, 12mo.
[Catholic Directory for Ireland, 1848, p. 343; Cat. of Libr. of Trin. Coll. Dublin.]
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Barbar, Thomas

​BARBAR, THOMAS (fl. 1587), divine, was admitted scholar of St. John's College, Cambridge, 8 Nov. 1560, proceeded B.A. 1563–4, M.A. 1567, and B.D. 1576, and was elected fellow 11 April 1565. He subscribed in 1570 a testimonial requesting that Cartwright might be allowed to resume his lectures. He became preacher at St. Mary-le-Bow, London, about 1576, and in June 1584 he was suspended on refusing to take the ex-officio oath. The parishioners petitioned the court of aldermen for his restoration. In December 1587 Archbishop Whitgift offered to remove his suspension if he would sign a pledge to conform to the law of the church and abstain from conventicles. He declined to pledge himself. His name is attached to the ‘Book of Discipline,’ and he belonged to the presbyterian church at Wandsworth, formed as early as 1572. In 1591 he was examined in the Star Chamber with other puritan divines for having taken part with Cartwright and others in a synod held at St. John's College, Cambridge, in 1589, when it was agreed to correct and subscribe the ‘Book of Discipline.’ He is probably the author of a translation of Fr. du Jou's ‘Exposition of the Apocalypse’ (Cambridge, 1596), and of a ‘Dialogue between the Penitent Sinner and Sathan’ (London, without date).
[Cooper's Athenæ Cantab. ii. 236; Neal's Hist. of Puritans, 1793, i. 357; Baker's Hist. of St. John's, ed. Mayor, 601; Strype's Annals (8vo), II. i. 2, ii. 417; Strype's Whitgift, 8vo, i. 504, iii. 271, 282; Brook's Puritans, i. 429; Fuller's Church Hist., ed. Brewer, iv. 385, v. 163–4.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Barber, Charles Chapman

​BARBER, CHARLES (d. 1882), barrister, was educated at St. John's College, Cambridge, where he graduated ninth wrangler in 1833. In the same year he was called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn. He was a pupil of Mr. Duval, an eminent conveyancer. He acquired a high reputation as an equity draftsman and conveyancer, and, though he never took silk, had for nearly half a century an extensive practice at the junior bar. He was one of the commissioners appointed to reform the procedure of the Court of Chancery in 1853, his large experience of chancery business rendering his suggestions of the highest value in the work of framing the rules of practice issued under the Chancery Amendment Acts. In the chancery proceedings by which, in 1867, the celebrated Orton or Castro first sought to establish his claim to the Tichborne baronetcy and estates, Barber held a brief for the defendants, as he did again in the first of the two actions of ejectment which were subsequently brought in the court of common pleas for the same purpose, in the well-known case of Tichborne v. Lushington, decided in 1872 after a trial which lasted 103 days. He also acted as one of the counsel for the crown in the prosecution for perjury which followed, and which occupied in the hearing from first to last 188 days. In 1874 he was appointed judge of county courts for circuit No. 6 (Hull and the East Riding), but resigned the post almost immediately, and resumed practice at the bar. He died at his residence (71 Cornwall Gardens) on 5 Feb. 1882.
J. M. R.