# Lectures on Modern History/Index

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​INDEX
Act of Parliament—
Adams, John, 308
Addison, cited, 259
Aden, attack by Albuquerque, 57
Adrian VI., Pope, 38, 65, 103, 108, 137
Ægean, the, 36
Africa, early explorations, 53-4
Agnadello, battle of, 45
Ahlden, the prisoner of, 266-7
Ailly, Pierre d', 60
Albemarle, 251
Albigenses, 111, 113
Albuquerque—
Aldobrandini. See Clement VIII., Pope
Aldus, 83
Aleander, the nuncio, 98, 140
Alençon—
Alessandrina, Cardinal, 161
Alexander VI., Pope—
Alexander VII., Pope, 210
Alexis, son of Peter the Great, 283
Alhambra, the, 61
"All the Talents," 275
Almagro, conquests of, 69-70
Almanza, battle of, 260
Almeida, Viceroy, 56-8
Alsace, recovered by Lewis XIV., 240, 242
Altenburg, meeting of Miltitz and Luther, 94
Alva, Duke of—
Amadeus, Victor, 258
Amboise, persecutions at, 157
Amerbach. See Froben and Amerbach
America, Spanish—
American Colonies, the—
American War of Independence—
Anabaptists, the, 104, 105, 135; the German, 207
Andrewes, L., and James I., 197
Angelo, Michael, 47, 82 Angevins, the, 38
Anhalt, Calvinism in, 136
Anne Boleyn, 139-40
Anne, Empress of Russia, 291
Anne of Austria, 252
Anne of England—
Anti-Trinitarianism, 134
Aquaviva, 116
Arabia, Selim's conquest, 36
Archimedes, 74
Aristotle, 74, 80
Arlington, Lord, 210, 212
Armada, the—
Arminians, 136, 174
Arnim, Wallenstein and, 190
Arundel, Earl of—
Asiento, the, 255, 263
Assisi, St. Francis of, 31
​Assistance, Writs of, 307
Auger, 162
Augsburg—
Augustinians, the, 92, 114
Augustus, the Elector, the Strong, 266-7, 279
Aulic Council, the, 192
Aurispa, 75
Austria—
Avaux, D', and James II., 229
Avrigny, D', Jesuit, 118
Bacon, Francis, 59, 196; impeachment, 199
Baer, method of, 21
Bajazet, rule of, 36
Balboa, discoverer of the Pacific, 69
Bâle, Council of, 90
Bank of England, 230
Baptists, 201
Barberini, Cardinal, See Urban VIII., Pope
Barberini, family of, 226
Barcelona, Treaty of, 40, 141
Barclay, retreat of, 298
Barillon, 7; cited, 223
Barnabites, 114
Barnevelt, Olden, death, 174
Baronius, Cardinal, 83, 121, 173
Barrier Fortresses, 254
Barros, cited, 59
Barrow, Isaac, 223
Bartolus, 72
Basilica of Constantine, 82
Bastille, the, 243
Battle, 153
Baumgarten, A., 161
Bavaria, Duke of, 184
Bavaria, Elector of, 259
Bavaria, Prince of, 250-51
Baxter, R., 209, 246
Bayard, defeated by Gonsalvo, 42
Baylet, 136; cited, 27
Bedloe, 213
Belgium, war of Spanish Succession in, Belgrade, 36
Bellarmin, R., in siege of Paris, 169; theories of, 178
Bellasis and the Dover Treaty, 213, 223
Belling, 213
Belvedere, the, 79
Benedict XIV., Pope, 92
Benedictines, the, 78, 101, 114, 209
"Benefizio," the, 110, 119
Bengal, 299
Bentham, 20
Bentinck and William III., 257
Berlin—
Bernard, St., 98
Berne, 131
Bernstorff, Russian Chancellor, 294, 303
Berwick, Duke of—
Besançon, 244
Bessarion, 75, 84
Beust, minister, 296
Béziers, Council of, 112
Bibbiena, Comedies, 79
Bill—
Bishops, trial of the Seven, 224
Bismarck, 199
"Black Box," the, 215, 218
Black Hole, the, 295
Blenheim, battle of, 259, 260
Blondel, 78
Blucher, 185
Boccaccio, 72
Bohemia—
Bolingbroke—
Bollandists, 78
Bologna, Concordat of, 47
Bombay, Albuquerque and, 57
Bonaparte, Napoleon, 298-9; partition of Poland, 302
Bond of Craigmillar, the, 147
Bonnet, Parliamentary reports, 276
Bordier, cited, 161
Borghese family, 173, 226
Borgia, Cæsar—
Borromeo, St. Charles, 122
​Bosnia, Turkish invasion, 35
Bossuet, 111, 179, 221, 245, 247
Boston—
Bothwell, Earl of, 147-51
Bourbon and Francis I., 47, 49
Boyne, Battle of the, 230
Brabant, question of succession, 236-7
Braddock, expedition against Duquesne, 293
Bramante, 47; Julius II. and, 82
Bramball, Abp., 223
Brandenburg, religious toleration in, 286; House of, becomes Calvinist, 136, 181, 286
Brandenburg, the Elector of—
Braunau, 182
Breda, Declaration of, 208
Breitenfeld, battle of, 188
Breslau, battle of, 297
Bried's Hill. See Bunker Hill
Brig of Almond, 148
Brihuega, battle of, 260
Broglie, Duc de, 27
Brooke, Lord, cited, 201
Brougham, Lord, 20
Browne, Robert, 200
Browne, Sir Thomas, cited, 28
Brühl, Saxon minister, 296
Bucer, at Diet of Worms, 99
Buchanan, George, 196
Bucholtz, 15
Bull, vindication of the early fathers, 223
Bunker Hill, battle of, 312
Burgoyne, General, surrender at Saratoga, 312-13
Burke, Edmund, 59, 306; cited, 28, 231; writings of, 217; speeches, 276
Burnet, 15, 271; cited, 216
Burton, 150
Bute, Earl of, Prussian policy, 300
Butler, Colonel, 193
Butler, Jesuit, 116
Cabbala, the, 84
Cabinet, the, 264-5
Cabral, commands force in India, 55, 59
Cadogan, leads the Dutch auxiliaries, 269
Cætani, Cardinal, 169
Cajetan, Cardinal—
Calcutta, capture of, 295
Calendar, reformation of the, 84, 121, 162
Calicut, 55, 56
Calixtus III., Pope, 79
Calvin, John—
Calvinism. (See also Protestantism and Lutheranism)—
Cambray, League of, 46
Camden, American speeches, 217
Campana, Mme., 15
Campbell of Glenlyon, 228-9
Campeggio, Cardinal, 106, 108; and the divorce, 139-40
Canada, conquest, 299; loyalty during American War, 312
Capito, 134
Capo d'Istria, Bishop of, 110
Capuchins, the, 110 114, 123
Caraffa, Bishop of Chieti. See Paul IV., Pope
Carberry Hill, 148
Carlos, Don, 146
Carlstadt, Andreas R.—
Carlyle, 11, 289
Carvajal, Cardinal, 108
Casa, Della, and the Index, 120
Casale, French occupation, 242-3
Casas, Las, 53, 67, 68
Casaubon, cited, 170; and James I., 197
Casket Letters, the, 149-52
Castellio, 136
Castlemaine, Lord, 227
Casuists, the, 226
Catesby, 197
Catharine of Aragon, opposition to Wolsey, 137-8; the divorce, 137-41
Catharine of Medici—
Catharine of Russia, 284-5; peace with Frederic, 300; Polish policy, 301-2
Catharine, wife of Peter the Great, 283
Catholic Peers, trial of, 215
Catholic Reformation. See Counter-Reformation, the
​Catholics—
Cato, 25
Caussin, Jesuit, 116, 178
Cavendish, report of Parliamentary debates, 276
Celibacy of the clergy, 90
Celle, Duke of, 266
Cervera, 153
Cervina, elevation to the Papacy, 121-2
Cesarini, Cardinal, 90
Chaise, Père La, 214
Champel, 135
Charlemagne, 82
Charles, Archduke of Austria, 186, 252, 260, 262
Charles I. of England—
Charles I. of Spain. (See also Charles V.)—
Charles II. of England—
Charles II. of Spain—
Charles V., Emperor—
Charles VI., Emperor, protects Alexis, 283; policy, 290; death, 291
Charles VIII. of France—
Charles IX. of France—
Charles XII. of Sweden, 280, 281
Charlottenburg, 300
Chatham, Earl of—
Chatillon, Duke of, 160
Chieregato, Bishop, Memoirs, 108
Chigi, family of, 226
China, early Indian trade, 55; Jesuits in, 115
Christian IV. of Denmark, 185-6
Chrysoloras, 75
Chuquet, Wars of the Revolution, 18
Church and State, separation, 91, 107
Church of England, John Robinson and, 206
Cicero, 72
Civil war in England, division of the country, 203; results, 205
Clarendon, Lord, 163; policy, 209
Clausewitz, 298
Clément, Jacques, assassinates Henry III., 167
Clement, St., 78
Clement VI., Pope, 93
Clement VII., Pope—
Clement VIII., Pope, 197
Clement XI., Pope, 253
Cleveland, Duchess of, 227
Coburg, Castle of, 106
Cochin, 56
Cochlæus, 105
Coimbra, 247
Coire, Provost of, cited, 106
Coke, Sir Edward, 199
Colbert, Jean Baptiste, 12, 234, 239, 244
Coleman, Secretary to Duchess of York, 213, 246
Coligny, Admiral, policy of, 158; murder of, 159-60
Cologne, Abp. of, 181
Cologne, Jewish persecutions, 85
Columbus, Christopher, 3-4, 60-64
Commonwealth, results of the, 205
Commynes, 19, 195
Compagni, Dino, 16
Comte, 11, 22
Concini and Mary of Medici, 175
Conclave, establishment of the, 50
Concordat of Bologna, 47
​Condé, victories of, 259
Congregationalists—
Congress of the States, 312
Congress of Vienna, 302
Connecticut, 199; government of, 311
Conscience, liberty of, 31-4
Constance, Council of, 75, 100
Constantine, Basilica of, 82
Constantine, Donation of, 77, 80, 102
Constantinople, fall of, 34, 75, 83; centre for Greek learning, 75
Contarini, Paul III. and, 109; at Ratisbon, 110, 132
Convention at Westminster, 294
Convention Parliament, the, 208
Coornhert, 136
Copernicus, 4
Corn Laws, 230
Cornwallis, Lord, surrender at Yorktown, 313
Cortese and Paul III., 109; and the Reformation, 110
Cortez, exploits of, 50, 64; conquest of Mexico, 68-9
Cottington, 202
Coulanges, Fustel de, cited, 12
Council—
Councils, promulgation of, 118
Counter-Reformation, 183
Cowper, Lord, on government by party, 268
Craigmillar, Bond of, 147
Crawford, Darnley's officer, 151
Cromwell, Oliver—
Cromwell, Thomas, 142
Crotus, Epistolœ Obscurorum Virorum,
Crusades, 24-5
Cuba, Columbus and, 63
Cullen, 20
Cumberland, Duke of—
Cuvier, 22
Cyril, St., 78
Dalgleish and the Casket Letters, 150-51
Dampier, voyage of, 66
Danes destroy Wallenstein's fleet, 187
Dangerfield, 213
Dante, 72, 76, 95
Darnley, Lord, marriage to Mary Stewart, 147
Dartmouth, the, 311
Darwin, method of, 21
Daun defeats Frederic II., 297
Debates, Parliamentary, made public, 276
Declaration of Breda, 208
Declaration of Independence, 199, 312
Declaration of Indulgence, 212; Bishops' protest, 224
Decree of Worms, 48
Defoe, 23
Delcano, lieutenant to Magellan, 66
Denain, 262
Derby, Earl of, 202
Derwentwater, Earl of, 270
Deseado, Cape, 66
Devereux, Captain, 193
Deza, Archbishop of Seville, 62
Diaz, Bartholomew, voyage of, 54
Dionysius the Areopagite, 77
Divine Right, Luther and, 104
Dohna, Count, 225
Dominica, Rodney's success, 314
Dominicans, 112, 114 in the New World, 67; plaintiffs against Reuchlin, 86; and the indulgences, 92
Doria, change of sides, 49
Dort, Synod of, 174
Dover, Treaty of, 210-15
Drake, 58, 66, 146, 153
Dresden, seized by Frederick II., 296
Dunkirk, 153
Duperron, influence on Henry IV., 170
Duquesne and Washington, 293
Duranti, Memoirs, 162
Dykvelt, 225
Eck, John, 105; dispute with Luther, 96-7
Economists, the, 21
Edict of Nantes, 171; revocation of, 244-7
Edict of Restitution, 187
Edict, the Perpetual, 237; repealed, 241
Eger, Castle of, 193
Egidius, Cardinal, 108
Egmont, Count, in the Netherlands, 145
Elizabeth of England—
Elizabeth of Russia, 300
Elizabeth Stuart, Princess Palatine, 184, 265
Elliot, success at Gibraltar, 314
Emanuel, Philibert, 49
Emmanuel of Portugal, 53, 54, 65,81, 137
England—
England, New. See New England
Epirus, 35
Erasmus—
Estaing, D', 313
Esthonia, retention by Peter the Great, 281
Estrées, D', beats D. of Cumberland, 295
Eugene, Prince, 186, 287—
Eugenius IV., Pope, 77, 90
Europe, improved state following Seven Years' War, 302-4
Excise Bill, the, 272-3
Exclusion Bill, the, 26; the second, 214
Fabricius, Bohemian Secretary, 183
Fairfax, Lord, 207
Faraday, M., 21
Farnese, Cardinal. (See also Paul III., Pope), 118
Farnese, Duke of Parma, in the Netherlands, 49, 145, 153, 154, 166; death, 168
Faure, Jesuit, cited, 116-7
Fawkes, Guy, 198
Fénelon, 5-6, 269
Ferdinand of Aragon—
Ferdinand of Brunswick, 295, 296
Ferdinand II.—
Ferrara, Duchess of, 42
Feuillade, Marshal La, 262
Ficino, cited, 80
Filelfo, 75; writings of, 80
Finland, 281
Firmian, 303
Firth, Lives, 203
Fisher, Bishop, 105; and the Royal Supremacy, 141
Flaminio, "Benefit of the Death of Christ," 110, 119
Flanders, French designs on, 158-9; Turenne overruns, 237-8
Fleury, policy, 290
Florence—
Fonseca, D.—
Fontenoy, 267
Forbes, report of Calicut, 56
Formosus, 82
Fornovo, battle of, 40
Fort Duquesne, 293
Fortescue, 195
Foscari, Doge, 45
France—
Franche Comté, annexed by Lewis XIV., 240, 242; restored, 239
Francis I.—
Francis II., 157
Franciscans, 114, 209
Frederic of Naples, 41-2
Frederic of Saxony, protector of Luther, 47, 94
Frederic, the Elector Palatine—
Frederic II. of Prussia—
Frederic William I., policy, 287-8; founding of the army, 288-9
Frederic William, Prince, 265
Free Trade, Walpole and, 274
Fréret, 14
Friars, Grey and Black, 142
Friedlingen, battle of, 262
Froben and Amerbach, 83, 87, 88
Froude, 11, 150; cited, 27
Fugger of Augsburg, 92
Furstenburg, Bishop of Strasburg, 242
Galican Church in France, 96, 155, 157, 164, 169, 173, 178, 226, 245, 246
Gama, Vasco da, 53, 54, 56
Gardiner, Bishop, 142
Gardiner, S. R., historian, 203
Gattinara, Spanish Chancellor, 98; at Diet of Worms, 99
General Warrants, question of, 308
Geneva—
Genlis, relief of Mons, 159
George I.—
George II.—
George III., 68
Germany—
Gerson, 96
Gibbon, 14, 20
Giberti, Cardinal, the Datario, 48; admiration for Wolsey, 138
Gibraltar, conquest of, 260, 262; proposed restitution, 273; Elliot's success, 314
Giovio, Paolo, cited, 83
Glapion, at Diet of Worms, 99, 100
Glencoe, Massacre of, 228-9
Gnostics, 111
Goa, Albuquerque's capital, 57; Inquisition introduced, 59
Godfrey, Sir Edmondbury, murder of, 213-4
Godwin, Independent, 206
Gonsalvo, the "Great Captain," 40; defeats Bayard, 42
Gonzaga, Ferrante, 49
Good Hope, Cape of, 54
Gordon, employed by Peter the Great, 280; crushes rebellion of the Strelitz, 281
Grammont, Cardinal, 138
Granada, fall of, 37, 61, 62
Granby, Marquis of, at Warburg, 295-6
Grand Alliance, the, 247, 248, 257
Grandval, assassin, 222, 243
Grasse, Admiral De, 313
Gratius, Ortwin, letters to, 86
Gravelines, the Armada at, 153
Greek—
Green, Berry, and Hill, 214
Gregory VII., Pope, 31; celibacy imposed, 90
Gregory XIII., reform of the Calendar, 162; and the League, 165
Gregory Nazianzen, 85
Gretser of Ingolstadt, 116
Gropper of Cologne, 132
Grote, 2
​Grotius, escape of, 174
Guarino studies Greek, 75
Guelph, House of, 265
Gueux, the, 145
Guicciardini, 81
Guiscard stabs Harley, 262
Guise, Duke of, 147—
Guizot, cited, 161; Richard Cromwell, 207; policy, 272
Gustavus of Sweden—
Habeas Corpus Act, 215; recalled, 220
Habsburgs, the—
Hague, the—
Halifax, Lord—
Hallam, H., 7
Hampden, J., 289
Hanover, defence of, 295
Hanoverian Settlement, the, 264-76
Hansard, Parliamentary reports, 276
Harley, Robert, 262-3
Harrach, the ambassador, 251
Harrington, liberalism of, 204, 205
Hatfield Letters, the, 151-2
Hebrew, study of, in Renaissance, 85-6
Heidelberg Library, the, sent to Rome, 185
Heights of Abraham, 293
Heinsius, 257; with Marlborough, 259; at the Hague, 261
Hellespont, the, 36
Helmstädt University, 246
Helvetius, cited, 115
Henry II. of France, 156
Henry III. of France, question of succession, 165; policy and death of, 166-7
Henry IV. of France, 49-50—
Henry VIII. of England, Luther's advice to, 105; the divorce question, 137-42
Henry of Anjou, elected King of Poland, 161
Henry of Ghent, 75
Henry of Portugal (the Navigator), 52-3
Henry, Patrick, and the Stamp Duty, 309
Herbert, Admiral, invitation to William of Orange, 224
Hermitage, the, 15
Hesse Cassel, 312
Hippocrates, 74
History—
Hobbes, 205, 209, 216, 245
Hochkirch, battle of, 297
Hochstraten, inquisitor, 85
Hoffmann, Parliamentary reports, 276
Hogue, La, battle of, 230, 248
Hohenzollerns, the, 181
Holden, 247
Holland—
Holy Office, the, 112, 113, 119
Holy Roman Empire, dissolution, 288
Holy Synod, the, established in Russia, 284
Holyrood, 146, 147
Homer, 76
Hooker, 19
​Horn, Cape, discovery, 66
Hort, Professor, 17
Hradschin, the, 183
Hudson Bay Territory, acquisition, 263
Huguenots—
Humanists, the, 72, 75-7, 79, 85, 86, 100, 105
Hungary—
Hunter, John, 21
Hunyadi, John, 35
Hus, John, 96, 100, 103
Hussitism, 182
Hutten, Ulrich von, 77, 86, 99, 102
Imperialists, the—
Independence, Declaration of, 199
Independents. See Congregationalists
Index, the—
India—
Indulgence, Declaration of, 212
Indulgences—
Ingolstadt, fortress of, 189; university, 96
Ingria, retention by Peter the Great, 281
Innocent XI., Pope (Odescalchi), 226-7
Innocent XII., Pope, 253
Inquisition, the—
International Law in relation to Asiatics, 59
Ireland, Jacobite Schemes, 229-30
Ironsides, the, organisation and discipline, 203
Isabella, d. of Philip of Spain, 166
Isabella of Castile—
Isernia, Bishop of, "Bible only," 98
Italy, decline as a political power, 50
Ivry, 185
Jacobite Rising of 1715, 269-70
James, Duke of York. {See also James II.)—
James Stuart, lands at Aberdeen, 269
James I. of England—
James II. of England—
Janissaries, the, 35
Jansenists, 178, 223, 244, 245
Jarnac, Huguenot defeat, 158
Jefferson, draws up Declaration of Indulgence, 312
Jeffreys, Judge, 220; and the Whigs, 220; and James II., 224
Jerome of Prague, 103
Jesuits, the—
Jews, the—
John, Prester, 53, 57
Johnson, Dr., and Parliamentary debates, 276
Johnston, retreat before Sherman, 298
Jones, Sir William, tracts, 217
Joseph, Emperor, death, 261
Juan, Don, 145
Julius II., Pope, 38—
Justification by faith—
Kaunitz, policy of, 292-4, 302
Keller, Jesuit, cited, 118
Kempis, St. Thomas à, Imitation, 83
Kendal, Duchess of, 266, 272
Keppel, 257
Kerr, and James's Declaration, 230
"King's Friends," the, 275
Kinsky, Countess, 193
Kirk-o'-Field, 147
Klostergrab, Protestant Church built at, 182
Knights of St. John, 36
Knox, John, 146, 196
Kollin, battle of, 297
Konias, and burning of books, 121
Königsmarck, Aurora von, 266-7
Königsmarck, Count, 266-7
Kunersdorf, battle of, 297
La Ferrière, correspondence of Catharine de Medici, 162
La Trappe, abbey of, 221
Ladislas, King of Hungary, 36
Ladrones, discovery of the, 66
Lagos, 299
Lambert and the Restoration, 207
Landen, battle of, 222, 230
Lanfrey, Carnot, 18
Langside, battle of, 149
Languet, Hubert, 164
Lateran Council, the, 46, 98, 108
Laud, Archbishop—
Launoy, 78
Lautrec, commands force in Italy, 139, 140
Lauzun, French adviser of James II., 229
League of Augsburg, 247
League of Cambray, 46
League of Schmalkalden, 107
League, the—
Lee, Archbishop, denounces Erasmus, 88
Lefort, the Genevese, employed by Peter the Great, 280
Leibniz, policy of, 14, 265, 267-8, 284
Leicester, Earl of, in the Netherlands, 146
Leighton and the Dover Treaty, 213
Leighton, Archbishop—
Leipzig—
Leo X., Pope—
Leopold of Austria—
Leopold of Tuscany, 304
Lepanto, battle of, 36, 153
Lesley, Scottish officer, 193
Leuthen, battle of, 9, 297
Lewis XII.—
Lewis XIII., assassination of Concini, 175
Lewis XIV.—
Lewis XV., agreement with Austria, 293
Lewis XVIII., 199
Lexington, 312
Liberty of conscience, 206, 207; Congregationalists fight for, 201
Liebig, Organic Chemistry, 20
Liegnitz, Frederic II. at, 299
Lightfoot, Bishop, 17
Lilburne, 205
​Lille, 239, 244, 260, 262
Limerick, "City of the Broken Treaty," 230
Limitation Bill, the, 214
Lingard, 7
Linnæus, 20
Lionne, 234; influence over Lewis XIV., 239
Lisbon, port of, 58
Lisola, Austrian statesman, 243
Livonia, retention by Peter the Great, 281
Livy, 110
Loaysa, Cardinal, 106
Locke, John, 136; principles, 217
Lollardry, 137
Lombard, Peter, 74
Lorraine, surrendered to France, 126
Lorraine, Cardinal, 147—
Lorraine, Duke of, 243
Louvain University, 120
Louvois, cited, 229; influence over Lewis XIV., 239; policy, 243-4
Loyola, Ignatius, 114 sqq,
Ludovisi, family of, 226
Luther, Martin—
Lutheranism. (See also Calvinism and Protestantism)—
Lützen, battle of, 192
Luxemburg, becomes French, 243, 244
Luynes, favourite of Lewis XIII., 175
Lyons, Calvinism in, 156
Macaulay, Lord, 12, 15; cited, 27, 110, 231, 275
Macdonalds, massacre of the, 228-9
Machiavelli, 45, 50-51, 81, 95, 120, 142, 172, 196
Madrid, Treaty of, 48
Magdeburg, siege of, 188-9
Magellan, voyage of, 50, 65-6; acquisition of the Philippines, 66
Mahomet, seizes Otranto, 35
Maimonides, Jews forbidden to read, 86
Maintenon, Mme. de, 244
Maitland, advises Mary regarding Darnley, 147
Malacca, fall of, 57, 65
Malindi, 54
Malplaquet, battle of, 260, 261
Malta, Turkish repulse, 36
Manichees, 111
Mansfeld, account of, 186-7
Marchiali, mystery of, 243
Margaret of Valois, marriage with Henry IV., 158-9
Maria Theresa, empress, 291-2
Maria Theresa, wife of Lewis XIV., 235-6; renunciation of estates, 237-8
Mariana and the Jesuits, 116; cited, 167; teachings of, 169
Maria Mancini, Lewis XIV. and, 235
Marignano, battle of, 47
Marlborough, Duchess of, 261
Marlborough, Duke of—
Marmont and Napoleon, 298-9
Martin of Connemara, 222
Martinitz, Bohemian minister, 183
Mary of Medici and Richelieu, 175-7
Mary, Princess of Orange, succession, 214
Mary Stuart—
Mary Tudor, persecutions under, 119; proposed marriage of, 138, 140; Sir Thomas More and, 141
Masenius and Paradise Lost, 116
Massachusetts, attempt to coerce, 311-12
Maurice of Nassau, 126, 174
Max Emmanuel of Bavaria, 250
Maximilian, Emperor—
Maximilian II., Religious policy, 124, 182
Maximilian of Bavaria, 184-5
Mayenne, breach with Paris, 168
Mayflower, the, 199
​Mazarin, Cardinal, 177, 234—
Mazeppa, Charles XII. at, 281
Mecklenburg, Duke of. See Wallenstein
Medici, Lorenzo de', 38, 43
Melanchthon—
Mendoza, Cardinal, 62
Mentz, religious controversy, 98; Gustavus holds his court at, 189
Mentz, Archbishop of—
Mexico, conquest by Cortez, 68-9
Michelet, 15, 19
Mignet, 15
Milan—
Mill, J. S., Logic, 20
Miltitz—
Milton, 205
Minorca, captured, 260; loss of, 295
Mirandola, Pico della, 84
Mohacs, battle of, 36
Molina, teaching regarding grace, 116
Moltke, 126, 289, 298; victory of, 191; cited, 195
Moluccas, products, 58
Molwitz, battle of, 291-2
Mommsen, 12
Moncontour, battle of, 158
Monk, General, 207-8
Monmouth, Duke of—
Mons, relief of, 159
Montagu, 223
Montalto, Cardinal. See Sixtus V., Pope Montcalm, Pitt's policy, 295; foretells the American Revolution, 306
Montecucculi and Turenne, 240
Montesino on rights of savages, 67
Montespan, Mme. de, 111
Montesquieu, 3; Grandeur et Décadence, 290
Montgomery, General, death of, 312
Montrose, 203
Moors, Indian trade of the, 55
Moray, Earl of, 151
More, Sir Thomas, 105; the Royal Supremacy, 141
Morea, the, Turkish invasion, 35
Morley, John, 203
Mornay, Duplessis, 164, 170
Morone, Cardinal, imprisonment and rescue, 119
Morton, Chancellor, and the Casket Letters, 150
Moscow, Charles XII. and, 281
Mozley, James, cited, 27
Müeller, Johannes, method of history, 26
Mühlberg, defeat of German troops, 126
Müller, J., Ephemerides, 84
Münnich, employed by Peter the Great, 280
Münster, peace of. See Westphalia, peace of
Muratori, 14
Nantes, Edict of, 171; revocation of, 244-7
Naples—
Napoleon. See Bonaparte
Narbonne, Council of, 112
Narvaez and Cortez, 68
National Assembly of France, 303
National Debt, 230, 272
Nautical Almanack, the, 84
Navigation Laws, suspension of the 310
Nazareth, Archbishop of, 161
Negroes. See Slave Trade
Neoplatonism, 80
Neri, St. Philip, 122
Nestorians, the, at Cochin, 56
New England, founding of, 199
New York, 314
Newcastle, Duke of, Prussian policy, 300
Newfoundland, acquisition of, 263
Newman, Cardinal, cited, 11, 21, 278
Newton and Leibniz, 268
Nicholas V., Pope—
Niebuhr, historical method, 19-20
Nimeguen, peace of, 240; treaties of, 241-2
Nonconformists, 201
Nonjurors, 230
Nördlingen, battle of, 193
North, Lord, administration, 310, 313
Nottingham, Charles I. and, 203
Nova Scotia, acquisition of, 263
Novara, battle of, 41, 46
Nuremberg, manufacture of nautical instruments, 84; Diet of, 103
Oates, Titus, 22-3, 213-14, 218
Ockham, William of, 72
​Odescalchi. See Innocent XI., Pope
Oldmixon, 226
Oñate, Spanish envoy, 192
Oquendo, Admiral, 153
Oratorians, 114
Order of Christ, 52
Orders in the Church, creation of new, 114
Orleans, Duchess of, 247
Orleans, Duke of. See Lewis XII.
Orleans, siege of, 159
Ormonde, Duke of—
Ormuz, fortress of, 57
Orvieto, Clement flees to, 139
Orvilliers, d', 313
Osnabrück, 193
Ossat, Cardinal d', 170
Ossuna library, the, 15
Ostermann, Peter the Great and, 280
Otis, James, speech of, 307
Otranto, seized by Mahomet, 35
Ottoman Conquest, the, 34-7
Oudenarde, battle of, 260
Oxenstiern and Gustavus, 190, 191; and Wallenstein, 191
Oxford and Charles I., 203
Pacheco, Duarte, defends Cochin, 56
Pacification, Acts of, 171
Padua, siege of, 45
Palatinate, the, Calvinism in, 136
Pamphili, family of, 226
Pappenheim, 190-91; siege of Magdeburg, 188
Parentucelli. See Nicholas V., Pope
Paris—
Parliament—
Parma, Duke of. See Farnese
Parsons, 209
Partition Treaty, the First, 250; the Second, 252
Party, Government by, 264-8, 274-6
Paruta, ambitions for Venice, 45
Passive Obedience, Luther defends, 104
Pater, cited, 76
Patkul, agent of Augustus of Saxony, 279
Paul III., Pope, 88, 109, 121
Paul IV., Pope—
Paul V., Pope, quarrel with Venice, 173
Paul, Father, 108-9; cited, 119; History of the Council of Trent, 173-4
Pavia, battle of, 39, 47
Peace Conference at Ratisbon, 109
Peace of Religion, 123, 127, 129, 136, 165, 171, 181, 183; of St. Germain, 161; of Westphalia, 193; of the Pyrenees, 233; of Nimeguen, 240; of Ryswick, 250; of Utrecht, 290
Pearson, 78
Pedro, Regent Dom, 53
Peel, Sir Robert, 9
Peerage Bill, the, 271
Peers, exclusion of Catholic, 214; trial of, 215
Penal Laws—
Penn, William, 136; and James II., 219, 223
Pennsylvania, government of, 311
Perez, Juan, Franciscan, 62
Perpetual Edict, the, 237; repealed, 241
Persian Gulf, closed by Albuquerque, 57
Perth, cited, 227
Peruzzi, 82
Pescara, 48, 49
Petavius, Father, Jesuit, 117
Peter the Great—
Petition of Right, 201
Peto succeeds Cardinal Pole, 119
Petrarca and the Latin restoration, 72-4
Petre, the Jesuit, 227
Pfefferkorn—
Philadelphia, convention at, 31
​Philip II.—
Philip IV.—
Philip V.—
Philip, the Landgrave, and Luther, 105
Philippines, annexation to Spain, 66
Philippson, cited, 161
Piccolomini, made field-marshal, 192
Piccolomini, Æneas Sylvius. See Pius II., Pope
Piedmont, social question, 303
Pilsen, Wallenstein at, 192, 193
Pirkheimer, death of, 105
Pisa, Council at, 46
Pitt (the Elder). See Chatham, Earl of
Pitt, William, Napoleon's Spanish check predicted by, 23
Pius II., Pope (Æneas Sylvius Piccolomini), 77; attitude towards the Renaissance, 79; History, 80
Pius IV., Pope, closes Council of Trent, 122
Pius V., Counter-Reformation under, 122; and the Regent Catharine, 157
Pizarro, Francisco, conquests of, 69-70
Platina, History of the Popes, 80
Plato, 75, 76, 80
Plutarch, Pericles, 16
Plymouth, Duke of, death of, 215
Pocock, 15
Poggio, 80
Poland—
Pole, Cardinal, 72—
Politian, 80
Politics—
Politiques, the, 172; origin, 163-4; principles, 171
Polo, Marco, 53
Polygamy, preached by Luther, 105
Pomerania, alliance with Gustavus, 188
Pompadour, Mme. de, 293
Pomponne, Minister to Lewis XIV., 241-2
Poniatowski, Stanislas, 301
Port Mahon, conquest of, 262
Port Royal, suppression of, 115
Portocarrero, Cardinal, and will of Charles II., 252
Portugal—
Pragmatic Sanction, the, 291
Prague—
Presbyterians—
Press, liberty of the, 219, 276
Preston, Scots surrender at, 269
Pride, Colonel, 204
Prierias, Silvester, defence of Indulgences, 92-3
Printing, inveution of, 83
Prisons, reformation of, 303
Privileged altars, 91
Privy Council, the, 264
Procopovitch, religious changes made by, 284
Protection, 230
Protestantism. (See also Calvinism and Lutheranism)—
Prussia. (See also Frederic the Great)—
​Ptolemy, MS. of, 84
Pultawa, battle of, 282
Pulteney, The Craftsman, 275
Puritan Revolution, the, 199-201
Puritans, policy of the, 209-10
Pyrenees, Treaty of the, 235
Quakers, 201
Quebec, fall of, 306
Quiberon, 299
Quintilian, 74
Racine, 111
Rafael, 82
Ramillies, battle of, 260
Rancé, Abbé de, and James II, 221-2
Ranke—
Rastadt, peace of, 262
Ratisbon—
Ravaillac assassinates Henry IV., 175
Ravenna, battle of, 46
Rebellion, the, reason of failure, 204-5
Recalde, Admiral, 153
Red Sea, closed by Albuquerque, 57
Reformation, the—
Regiomontanus, 84; Ephemerides, 63
Religion, peace of, 123, 127, 129, 136, 165, 171, 181, 183; relation to history, 8-12
Religious Orders, suppression of, 142
Renaissance—
Renan, cited, 18
Renée, d. of Lewis XII, 138
Republicans, the, suppressed by Maurice of Nassau, 174
Restitution, Edict of, 187
Restoration, the, 207; religious policy of the, 209-10
Reuchlin, 83, 109—
Revocation of Edict of Nantes, 115
Revolution of 1688, nature and results, 231-2
Revolution, the American. See American War of Independence
Revolution, the Puritan. See Puritan Revolution
Rhode Island, charter, 217, 311
Rhode Island, 199
Riccio, assassination of, 146, 147 150, 198
Richelieu, Cardinal—
Richmond, proposed marriage to Mary Tudor, 138
Rienzi, political work of, 71-2
Rio, Del, Jesuit, 116
Robertson, 150
Robinocracy, the, 274
Robinson, John, cited, 200, 206
Rochelle, siege of, 177
Rodney, success at Dominica, 314
Rogers, Erasmus. See Erasmus
Roget, 18
Romagna, the, 43, 44
Romanoffs, the. Church policy, 277-8
Rome—
Roon, 289
Ropes, Military Histories, 18
Rospigliose, family of, 226
​Rossbach, battle of, 297
Rouen, refuses to register Edict of Nantes, 172
Roundheads under the Restoration, 209
Rousseau, 133
Rovere, Della, See Julius II., Pope
Royalists, the, 199
Ruben's House, Cologne, 177
Rubianus, Crotus, 86
Rufus, Mutianus, 83; death, 105
Rupert, Prince, 185
Russell, Lord, executed, 215; cited, 216
Russia—
Ruyter, De, 229
Rye House Plot, 218
Ryswick, Peace of, 250
Sacheverell, Dr., 263
Sacred College, the, 108, 110
Sadolet, Cardinal, 72—
St. Angelo, Pope Clement prisoner at, 139
St. Bartholomew—
St. Germain, Peace of, 161; treaty of, 161
St. John. See Bolingbroke, Lord
St. Mark's Library, Venice, 75
St. Paul's Cross, books prohibited at, 120
St. Peter's, Rome, 82, 91
St. Petersburg, founding of, 281-2
St. Prassede, privileged altars, 91
St. Sebastian, crypt of, 91
St. Simon, 221
Salamanca, 247
Salic Law, settlement of Brabant, 237
Salutato, Coluccio, 73
San Domingo, 63
San Gallo, 82
Sanctarelli, 178
Sand, George, 267
Sant Iago, Cardinal of, 110
Santa Prudentia, privileged altars, 91
Santa, Cardinal Croce, 161
Santangel of Aragon, 62
Sarasa, proclaims infallibility of conscience, 116
Saratoga, surrender of General Burgoyne, 312-13
Sarpi. See Paul, Father
Sarsfield and Duke of Berwick, 229
Savonarola, 38; opposition to Alexander VI., 85
Savoy, Duke of, 252, 255
Saxony—
Saxony, Elector of—
Saxony, the Marshal of, battle of Fontenoy, 267
Scala, Santa, privileged altars, 91
Scanderbeg, renegade, 35
Scanderoon, trade of, 55
Scandinavia, Lutheran churches, 129
Scarparia studies Greek, 75
Scharnhorst, 289
Schmalkalden, League of, 107
Schomberg, Duke of, 230
Schomberg, the younger, 230
Schwarzenberg, German minister, 181
Schwegler, 16
Schwerin, General, Frederic II. and, 291; killed at Prague, 296
Scotland, state of, at Mary Stuart's return, 146
Scott, Sir Walter, Quentin Durward cited, 19
Scotus, 98
Sebastian, King of Portugal, 59
Sects, in France, 111; growth of, 136, 197, 200-201
Sedgemoor, landing of Monmouth, 220
Sedley, Catherine, 220
Seeley, Sir John, cited, 1-2
Selim, conquests of, 36
Seneca, works of, 73, 78
Senef, battle of, 240
Septennial Act, the, 270-71
Sepulveda on rights of savages, 67
Sermoneta, Duke of, 169
Serrano, letter to Magellan, 65
Servetus, trial and execution, 134-5
Servia, Turkish invasion, 35
Seven Years' War, the, 292 et seq.—
Seydlitz, General, 296, 298
Seymour, 219
Sforza, Francesco, 38
Sforza, Lodovico, Regent of Milan, 38; Charles VIII. and, 40-41
​Shaftesbury, Earl of—
Shakespeare, 196
Shakespeare's Cliff, 222
Sheriffmuir, battle of, 269
Sicily, Charles VIII. styled King of, 39
Sickingen, 99
Sidney, Algernon, 169, 224; executed, 215
Sieyès, 14
Silesia, religious toleration in, 182; captured by Frederic, 291
Sixtus IV., Pope—
Sixtus V., Pope—
Slavata, Bohemian minister, 183
Slave trade—
Smith, Adam, 306
Smith, Mr. Goldwin, cited, 27-8
Sobieski, King of Poland, 248, 279
Socinians, the, 171, 182; established in Poland, 123
Socinus, 10, 136
Socrates, 3
Solyman the Magnificent, conquests, 36
Somerset, Calvin's correspondence with, 146
Sophia the Electress, 185, 265-6
Sophocles, 76
Sorbin and the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 162
Sorcery, practice of, 111
South Sea Bubble, 271, 272
Spain—
Spalatin, Saxon minister, warns Luther, 99
Spanish Succession, War of the—
Spee, Jesuit, witchcraft trials, 116
Spinola, 49
Spires, Bishop of, trial of Reuchlin, 85
Spires, Diet of, 106
Sregedin, Treaty of, 35
Stadion, Bishop of Augsburg, 106
Stael, Mme. de, cited, 27
Stafford, Viscount—
Stair, Earl of, 270; cited, 228
Stamp Act, the, 309
Stanhope, Earl—
Steenkerk, battle of, 230
Stepney, the envoy, 266
Steuchus of Gubbio, 88
Stoics, 73, 105
Strafford, Lord—
Stralsund, siege of, 187
Strasburg, Calvin in, 131, 132; design of Lewis XIV., 242; occupied by the French, 242, 244
Strelitz, mutiny of the, 281
Stuarts, policy of the, 196-9
Stubbs, Bishop, prefaces of, 16
Styria, Counter-Reformation in, 182
Suarez, 178
Succession, Act of, 256
Sully, Memoirs, 175
Sunderland, Lord, 26—
Sweden. (See also Gustavus)—
Swift and Wood's Halfpence, 273
Switzerland—
Sylvius, Æneas. See Pius II., Pope
Synod of Dort, 174
Talavera, Archbishop of Granada, 62
Tallard, Marshal, 253
Tartary, Spanish projects for religion 61-2
Taxation of the Colonies, principle of, 307-11
Tellier, Le, 234
​Tempestuous, Cape. See Good Hope, Cape of
Temple, Sir William, cited, 26; Triple Alliance, 238
Terence, 74
Ternate, 58, 65
Test Act, 212; the second, 214; abolished by James II., 221
Tetzel, the Dominican, and the Indulgences, 92, 94, 96
Theatines, the, 114
Thiers, 12, 15
Thirty Years' War, 115, 124, 127, 136, 174, 179; results, 193-4
Thirty-nine Articles, the, 201-2
Thomas, St., 74, 86; and the Indulgences, 92; doctrines of, 116, 117
Thorndike, religious policy, 223
Throckmorton, 151
Thuanus, History of, 164
Thucydides, 75; translations of, 79, 84
Thun, Count, 215
Thuringian Forest, the, 101
Thum, Count, heads Bohemian conspiracy, 183
Tillemont, 14
Tillotson, 216
Tilly—
Toledo, Council of, 112
Torcy—
Tordesillas, treaty of, 64
Torgau, battle of, 299
Tories—
Torrington, Admiral, 229-30
Toscanelli of Florence, 54, 61; chart of, 60
Toulouse, Council of, 112; persecutions at, 162
Tourville, defeats Eugene, 229
Toussaint and Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 162
Townshend, goes out of office, 271; taxation of the Colonies, 310
Tractarianism, 265
Treaty—
Treitschke, 12
Trent, Council of—
Tridentine Index, the, 120
Triennial Act, the, 270
Triple Alliance—
Trouville, exploits of, 248
Tucker, Dean, 306
Tudors, policy of the, 196
Tunstall, 141; correspondence with Wolsey, 98
Turberville and the Titus Oates plot, 213
Turenne, Marshal—
Turgot, 303
Turin, battle of, 258, 260
Turkey—
Tyrconnel, Earl of, 223; plans for separation of Ireland, 229
Union, the—
Universities, the German, and the Renaissance, 83; consulted regarding Henry's divorce, 141
Urban VIII., Pope (Barberini), 178, and the Inquisition, 113
Ussher, Archbishop, 78, 202, 209
Utraquists, the, 182
Utrecht, peace of, 290; persecutions in, 113; Treaty of, 262-3
Valdes, manifesto, 48
Valencia, Cardinal of. See Borgia, Cæsar
Valentinois, Duke of. See Borgia, Cæsar
Valla, Lorenzo—
​Vane, Sir H., 204, 205, 311
Varna, 35
Vasconcelles, afterwards Archbishop of Lisbon, 65
Vassy, Huguenot defeat, 147; massacre of, 157
Vatican, archives, opening of the, 7; library, 29
Vauban, 239; victories of, 240; cited, 248
Vaud, canton of, 131
Vaudémont, Prince de, envoy to Rome, 225
Venice—
Vervins, treaty of, 170
Vespucci, 65
Vienna—
Vigo, French fleet destroyed, 260
Villars—
Vincent of Beauvais, 75
Vinci, Leonardo da, notes and diaries of, 84
Vindiciae contra Tyrannos, 164
Virgil, statue removed from marketplace, 73
Virginia, founding of, 199; independence declared, 312
Visconti, the, 38, 40, 119
Voltaire, 25; cited, 234; Frederic II. and, 291
Vulgate, the Latin, revision of, 121
Walcheren, annexation of, 211
Waldenses, suppression, 246
Wallachia, Turkish invasion, 35
Wallenstein—
Wallis, voyages, 66
Walpole, cited, 266; policy, 271-74, 290; fall of, 274
Warburg, battle of, 295-6
Warham and Catharine's divorce, 139
Warrants, general, question of, 308
Wartburg, the. 102
Washington—
Waters, Lucy, 218
Weimar, Duke of, 191—
Wellesley, General, 23
Western Assize, the, 220
Westminster, Convention at, 294
Weston becomes Roman Catholic, 202
Westphalia, Peace of, 193
Whigs. (See also Party, government by)—
White Mountain, the, 185
William, Emperor of Prussia, 199
William of Orange. (See also William III.)—
William III.—
William the Silent, 145
William the Stadtholder, assassination of, 145
Wimpheling, death of, 105
Windebanke, becomes Roman Catholic, 202
Witchcraft trials, 116
Witt, John de—
Wittelsbach, House of, 292
Wittenberg, posting of the Thesis, 136
Wolsey, Cardinal—
​Wood's Halfpence, 272-3
Worms, Decree of, 48; Diet of, 98-101, 136
Wratislaw, the ambassador, 251
Writs of Assistance, 307
Würtemburg, Duke of, 118
Würzburg, 189
Wyclif, 100
Wyndham, Sir William, arrest of, 269
Xavier, St. Francis, work in India, 59
Ximenes, Cardinal, 67, 87
Yorktown, surrender of Lord Cornwallis, 313
Yucatan, 63
Zamorìn, the, poisoned, 59
Zasius, 105
Ziska, leadership of, 184-5
Zuñiga denounces Erasmus, 88
Zurich, 104
Zwingli, death, 95; teachings of, 104, 130; Luther's quarrel with, 105