OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Paterson, Robert

​PATERSON, ROBERT (1715–1801), ‘Old Mortality,’ son of Walter Paterson, farmer, and Margaret Scott, was born at Haggisha in the parish of Hawick in 1715. He married Elizabeth Gray, who had been at one time cook to Sir Thomas Kirkpatrick of Closeburn, Dumfriesshire. Kirkpatrick procured for Paterson from the Duke of Queensberry a lease of a freestone quarry at Gatelawbrigg in the parish of Morton. The highlanders returning from England on their way to Glasgow in 1745–6 plundered Paterson's house, and carried him off as a prisoner owing to the violent opinions he had expressed against ‘the bloody and wicked house of Stuart,’ and ‘the abominable heresies of the church of Rome.’ Paterson became a member of the sect of hillmen or Cameronians [see Cameron, Richard], and contributed in a practical way to the perpetuation of their views by carrying gravestones from his quarry to erect over the martyrs' graves. Ultimately his religious zeal appears to have become a mania. From 1758 he neglected entirely to return to his wife and five children at Gatelawbrigg. At last Mrs. Paterson sent his eldest son, Walter, then only twelve years old, in search of his father, who was ultimately found working at some Cameronian monuments in the old kirkyard of Kirkchrist, on the west side of the Dee, opposite Kirkcudbright. Paterson refused to return home, and continued his wandering life until his death at Bankhill, near Lockerbie, on 14 Feb. 1801.
Dr. Laing was of opinion that Paterson died at Bankend, not Bankhill, and that he was interred in the churchyard of Caerlaverock, where Messrs. A. & C. Black erected a tombstone to his memory in 1869. His wife supported her family by keeping a small school.
The self-imposed task of repairing monuments was thus Paterson's sole occupation for over forty years. Mounted on a white pony, he traversed the whole lowlands of Scotland, receiving a hearty welcome at every Cameronian hearth, but maintaining a melancholy demeanour befitting his labours. ‘To talk of the exploits of the covenanters was the delight, as to repair their monuments was the business, of his life’ (Scott, Old Mortality). ‘Old Mortality’ had three sons: Robert, Walter, and John. The eldest son, Robert, long lived in Balmaclellan, in the Glenkens of Galloway. Walter, who was a stone-carver, like his father, died there on 9 May 1812, and was the father of the Rev. Nathaniel Paterson [q. v.] John went to America in 1776, and settled in Baltimore. He is sometimes said to have been the father of Elizabeth Paterson of Baltimore who married Jerome Bonaparte, afterwards king of Westphalia. The story, however, is quite erroneous, Madame Bonaparte's father having been William Paterson from Tanat, co. Donegal. The theme of Scott's novel of ‘Old Mortality’ was suggested by Paterson's career.
W. G. B-k.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Pateshull, Simon de (d.1217?)

​PATESHULL or PATTISHALL, SIMON de (d. 1217?), judge, probably a native of Pattishall, Northamptonshire, where his family, and possibly he, held the manor under the prior of Dunstable, received charge of the castle of Northampton by the terms of the award between John and the chancellor William of Longchamp [q. v.] in 1191, and appears as one of the king's justices in 1193. In 1195 he was sheriff of Northamptonshire, Essex, and Hertfordshire, and continued sheriff of Northamptonshire until 1204. During the reign of John he seems to have been chief justice of the common pleas division of the king's court, commissions being issued to him by name, ‘with others his companions.’ Matthew Paris speaks of him as chief justiciar of the whole kingdom (Chronica Majora, iii. 296), but this seems a mistake. He was one of the justices for the Jews, and in 1199 received from the king two houses in Northampton which had belonged to Benedict the Jew. John also gave him the manor of Rothersthorpe, near Northampton, and certain wood land. He probably held the manor of Bletsoe in Bedfordshire, having perhaps acquired it by marriage. A fine of a hundred marks incurred by him and another justice for having granted certain litigants a term without royal license was remitted in 1207. He appears to have been sent to Ireland by the king in 1210. He fell under the king's displeasure in 1215, John apparently suspecting him of complicity in the baronial revolt, and his lands were seized; but the abbot of Woburn defended him and made his peace with the king, who in December restored his lands (Patent Rolls, p. 94). He acted as judge in March 1216, and, as his son Hugh received restitution of his lands in 2 Hen. III, it is probable that Simon died in, or about, 1217. He had a son, Hugh de Pateshull [q. v.], bishop of Lichfield, and probably another Sir Simon de Pateshull [q. v.] Simon bore a high character for wisdom and honourable dealing.
W. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Paterson, Thomas

​PATERSON, THOMAS (1780–1856), lieutenant-general, was the son of Robert Paterson of Plewlands, Ayrshire, He entered the royal artillery as second lieutenant 1 Dec. 1795. After serving in Canada and the West Indies from 1796 to 1804, and becoming second captain 19 July 1804, he took part in the expedition to Copenhagen under Lord Cathcart in 1807. He was attached to Baird's division, and after the army had landed it fell to him to keep the Danish gunboats in check with his 9-pounders, while batteries were being thrown up for the bombardment. He became captain 1 Feb. 1808, and in the following year he served in the Walcheren expedition. He was given a brevet majority 4 June 1814, and became lieutenant-colonel in the regiment 6 Nov. 1827, and colonel 10 Jan. 1837. In 1836 he was made superintendent of the Royal Military Repository at Woolwich. He was promoted major-general 9 Nov. 1846, and lieutenant-general 30 June 1854, having become a colonel-commandant of the royal artillery 15 Aug. 1850. He died at Woolwich on 13 June 1856.
E. M. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Pateshull, Martin de

​PATESHULL, MARTIN de (d. 1229), judge and dean of London, was probably a native either of Pattishall, Northamptonshire (Fuller) or Patshull, Staffordshire (Foss). Whether he was related to Simon de Pateshull [q. v.] or Walter de Pateshull [q. v.] is not known. He appears as one of the clerks of King John in 1209 (Rotuli Chartarum, p. 108), and in June 1215 received a safe-conduct to go to the king at Windsor (Rotuli Literarum Patentium, p. 142). In 1217 he sat as a justice at Westminster, and was a justice itinerant for Yorkshire and Northumberland, after which date he was constantly employed as a judge, his name appearing first in the commissions for seven shires in 1224 (Dugdale). When in that year the justices itinerant were attacked at Dunstable by order of Falkes de Breauté [q. v.], and Henry de Braybroc [q. v.] was seized, Pateshull, who was acting with Braybroc, escaped (Wendover, iv. 94), and afterwards negotiated between Falkes and the king (Annals of Dunstable, sub an.) Grants of forty marks were made to him for the expenses of an iter in October 1221, and of fifteen and twenty-one marks for like ex​penses in July 1222, and he also had license from the king to keep fifty hogs in Windsor forest (Rotuli Literarum Clausarum, i. 471, 504, 515). He held certain benefices in the archdeaconry of Northumberland (ib. ii. 203), the chapel of Berrow and, perhaps, its mother-church of Overbury, Worcestershire (Annals of Worcester, an. 1224); was a prebendary of London, and in 1227 archdeacon of Norfolk. In 1228 he was chosen dean of St. Paul's. He was struck with paralysis in 1229 (Annals of Dunstable, sub an.), and died on 14 Nov. of that year. He was famed for his prudence and skill in law (Matt. Westmon., p. 126). He was an indefatigable worker. A judge who was ordered to go as itinerant with him in Yorkshire begged to be excused, on the ground that Pateshull was strong and so sedulous and practised in labour as to exhaust the strength of all his fellows, and especially that of the writer and of William de Ralegh [q. v.] (Royal Letters, Henry III, i. 342).
W. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Pateshull, Peter

​PATESHULL, PETER (fl. 1387), theological writer, was a friar of the Augustinian house in London and took the degree of doctor of theology at Oxford. When Pope Urban offered chaplaincies for sale, which exempted monks from their orders, Peter bought one from Walter of Diss. Much influenced by Wiclif's ‘De Realibus Universalibus,’ he began to preach against his order. One of his sermons, in the church of St. Christopher, London, was interrupted by twelve friars of his house, and a riot ensued, which was quelled by the sheriffs and one of the friars. His followers recommended him to put his charges in writing. He did so, and nailed them to the door of St. Paul's Cathedral. He charged the friars with treachery to the king and country, and with gross immorality. Sir William Neville [q. v.], Sir Thomas Latimer, Sir Lewis Clifford, and others gave him encouragement. Thomas Walsingham (ad an. 1387) says he recanted on his deathbed. Leland says he attacked the sacraments of the church, the avarice, pride, and tyranny of the pope, and that his works were severely repressed by the papacy. Bale gives a list of Pateshull's writings, orthodox and unorthodox, the latter of which were burnt; but none are known to be extant.
M. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Perrot, George

​PERROT, GEORGE (1710–1780), baron of the exchequer, born in 1710, belonged to the Yorkshire branch of the Perrots of Pembrokeshire. He was the second son of Thomas Perrot, prebendary of Ripon and rector of Welbury in the North Riding of Yorkshire, and of St. Martin-in-Micklegate in the city of York, by his wife Anastasia, daughter of the Rev. George Plaxton, rector of Barwick-in-Elmet in the West Riding of Yorkshire. After receiving his education at Westminster School, he was admitted a student of the Inner Temple in November 1728, and was called to the bar in 1732. In May 1757 he was elected a bencher of his inn, and in 1759 was made a king's counsel. On 16 April 1760 he opened the case against Laurence Shirley, fourth earl Ferrers, who was tried for the murder of John Johnson by the House of Lords (Howell, State Trials, xix. 894). On 24 Jan. 1763 he was called to the degree of serjeant, and appointed a baron of the exchequer in the place of Sir Henry Gould the younger [q. v.] He was seized with a fit of palsy at Maidstone during the Lent assizes in 1775, and shortly afterwards retired from the bench with a pension of 1,200l. a year. Having purchased the manor of Fladbury and other considerable estates in Worcestershire, he retired to Pershore, where he died on 28 Jan. 1780, in the seventieth year of his age. A monument was erected to his memory in the parish church at Laleham, Middlesex, in pursuance of directions contained in his widow's will. He was never knighted.
He married, in 1742, Mary, only daughter of John Bower of Bridlington Quay, Yorkshire, and widow of Peter Whitton, lord mayor of York in 1728. Perrot left no children. His widow died on 7 March 1784, aged 82. According to Horace Walpole, Perrot while on circuit ‘was so servile as to recommend’ from the bench a congratulatory address to the king on the peace of 1763 (History of the Reign of George III, 1894, i. 222). His curious power of discrimination may be estimated by the conclusion of his summing-up on a trial at Exeter as to the right to a certain stream of water: ‘Gentlemen, there are fifteen witnesses who swear that the watercourse used to flow in a ditch on the north side of the hedge. On the other hand, gentlemen, there are nine witnesses who swear that the watercourse used to flow on the south side of the hedge. Now, gentlemen, if you subtract nine from fifteen there remain six witnesses wholly uncontradicted; and I recommend you to give your verdict accordingly for the party who called those six witnesses’ (Foss, Judges of England, 1864, viii. 355). It appears from a petition presented by Perrot to the House of Commons that in 1769 he was the sole owner and proprietor of the navigation of the river Avon from Tewkesbury to Evesham.
G. F. R. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Perley, Moses Henry

​PERLEY, MOSES HENRY (1804–1862), Canadian commercial pioneer and man of science, was son of Moses and Mary Perley, who were cousins. They came of an old Welsh family which settled in 1630 in Massachusetts. This son, born in Mauger Ville, New Brunswick, on 31 Dec. 1804, was educated at St. John. In 1828 he became an attorney, and in 1830 was called to the bar; but his tastes took him to outdoor life, and he went into the milling and lumbering (i.e. timber-cutting) business. Active in efforts for attracting capital into New Brunswick, and in advertising the capabilities of the province, he was appointed commissioner of Indian affairs and emigration officer. In this capacity he made several tours among the Indians, the first of which began in June 1841, and took him through the territory of the Melicete and Micmac Indians. The Micmacs at Burnt Creek Point elected him head chief. ​In 1846 Perley was chosen to report on the capabilities of the country along a projected line of railway. In 1847 he was sent on a mission to England in connection with this proposal. On his return he commenced that series of explorations among the fisheries of New Brunswick with which his name is chiefly associated. In 1849 he reported on those of the Gulf of St. Lawrence; in August 1850 he was appointed to inquire into the sea and river fisheries of New Brunswick, and devoted two months to the work, covering nine hundred miles, of which five hundred were accomplished in canoe. A year later he examined the fisheries of the Bay of Fundy. From notes made in these missions he compiled his ‘Catalogue of Fishes of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia,’ 1851.
During the next two or three years he compiled the trade statistics in aid of the negotiations for a reciprocity treaty between Canada and the United States, and when, in 1854, the treaty was concluded, he was appointed a commissioner to carry out its terms.
Perley died at Forteau, Labrador, on 17 Aug. 1862, on board H.M.S. Desperate, while on an official tour. He married, in September 1829, Jane, daughter of Isaac Ketchum, and had eight children, the only survivor of whom, Henry Fullerton Perley, is now chief engineer to the Canadian government.
Perley contributed articles to many English and American periodicals, and his various reports are well written. He was a good public lecturer, was interested in literature and science, and founded the Natural History Society of New Brunswick. He was also an ardent sportsman.
His chief reports were published separately, at Frederickton, and are: 1. ‘Report on Condition of Indians of New Brunswick,’ 1846. 2. ‘Report on Forest Trees of New Brunswick,’ 1847. 3. ‘Report on Fisheries of the Bay of St. Lawrence,’ 1849. 4. ‘Report on Fisheries of Bay of Fundy,’ 1851, to which is appended the ‘Descriptive Catalogue of Fishes.’ 5. ‘Reports on the Sea and River Fisheries of New Brunswick,’ 1852. 6. ‘Handbook of Information for Emigrants to New Brunswick,’ 1856.
C. A. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Ivie, Edward

​IVIE, EDWARD (1678–1745), Latin poet, born in 1678, was admitted a foundation scholar of Westminster School in 1692, and was elected in 1696 to a scholarship at Christ Church, Oxford, where he graduated B.A. in 1700 and M.A. in 1702. After taking orders he was appointed chaplain to Dr. Smalridge, bishop of Bristol. He was instituted on 27 March 1717 to the vicarage of Floore, Northamptonshire, where he died on 11 June 1745, aged 67.
He was well known to scholars by his ‘Epicteti Enchiridion, Latinis versibus adumbratum,’ Oxford, 1715, 8vo; 1723, 8vo; reprinted, with Simpson's ‘Epictetus,’ Oxford, 1804, 8vo, which was undertaken on the advice of Bishop Smalridge, to whom it is dedicated. Ivie also contributed ‘Articuli Pacis,’ a poem, to the ‘Examen Poeticum,’ 1698.
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Ivor Hael

Ifor ap Llywelyn in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
​IVOR HAEL, or the Generous (d. 1361), patron of Welsh literature, and particularly of his nephew, the poet Dafydd ap Gwilym [q. v.], was lord of Maesaleg (Bassaleg), Y Wenallt, and Gwernycleppa in Monmouthshire, being the second son of Llewelyn ab Ivor of Tredegar, by Angharad, daughter of Sir Morgan ab Meredith. He married Nest, daughter of Rhys ab Grono ab Llywarch (his elder brother, Morgan, marrying her sister), and founded the cadet branch of Gwernycleppa. He died in 1361, and it is often erroneously stated that he left no issue behind him (Barddoniaeth, ed. Jones, p. vi), but he had a long line of descendants, in whose possession Gwernycleppa remained until it was sold, 15 Oct. 1733, to a descendant of Ivor's elder brother, from whom Lord Tredegar claims descent.
Ivor is the hero of much absurd fiction. Dafydd ap Gwilym is said to have fallen in love with his daughter, who was sent to a nunnery in Anglesey in order to prevent an alliance, while Dafydd was still retained in Ivor's household as family bard and land steward. This story is, however, probably based upon a mistaken interpretation of some of Dafydd's poems. Under Ivor's patronage was held, about 1328, at Gwernycleppa the first of the ‘three Eisteddfods of the Renascence’ of Welsh poetry (Tair Eisteddfod Dadeni).
At least nine poems were addressed by Dafydd ap Gwilym to Ivor and members of his family, and the same poet wrote elegies on the death of Ivor and Nest, his wife.
[Clark's Genealogies of Glamorgan, pp. 310, 329; Barddoniaeth Dafydd ap Gwilym, ed. Jones, Introduction; Llenddiaeth y Cymry, by Gweirydd ab Rhys.]
D. Ll. T.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Ivory, James (1792-1866)

​IVORY, JAMES, Lord Ivory, (1792–1866), Scottish judge, son of Thomas Ivory, watchmaker and engraver, was born in Dundee in 1792. Sir James Ivory [q. v.] the mathematician was his uncle. After attending the Dundee academy he studied for the legal profession at Edinburgh University, was admitted a member of the Faculty of Advocates in 1816, and in that year was enrolled as a burgess of his native town. When, in 1819, the select committee of the House of Commons was engaged in making inquiries into the state of the Scottish burghs, Ivory was examined with reference to the municipal condition of Dundee, and strongly advocated the abolition of self-election, which was then prevalent in the town councils of Scotland, and continued in force till 1833. Ivory was chosen advocate-depute by Francis Jeffrey, lord advocate, in 1830; two years afterwards he was appointed sheriff of Caithness, and in 1833 was transferred to a similar office in Buteshire. He was solicitor-general of Scotland under Lord Melbourne's ministry in 1839, was made a lord-ordinary of session in the following year, and sat as judge in the court of exchequer. In 1849 he was appointed a lord of justiciary (taking the title of Lord Ivory), and served both in the court of session and the high court of justiciary until his retirement in October 1862. For several years before that date he was the senior judge of both courts. Ivory died at Edinburgh on 18 Oct. 1866. He married, in 1817, a daughter of Alexander Lawrie, deputy gazette writer for Scotland. His eldest son, William Ivory, has long been sheriff of Inverness-shire.
As a lawyer Ivory was distinguished by the subtlety of his reasoning, his minuteness of detail, and profound erudition. He was not a fluent orator, but in the early part of his career, when legal argument was conducted in writing, he obtained a high reputation.
[Millar's Roll of Eminent Burgesses of Dundee, p. 249; Norrie's Dundee Celebrities, p. 273; Dundee Advertiser, 19 Oct. 1866.]
A. H. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Ivory, Thomas (1709-1779)

​IVORY, THOMAS (1709–1779), architect, practised his profession in Norwich. He was admitted a freeman of the town as a carpenter 21 Sept. 1745. He lived in the parish ​ of St. Helen. At Norwich he designed the assembly house (1754), afterwards used as the Freemasons' Hall (lithograph by James Sillett of Norwich; view on King's map of Norwich, 1766; on reduced scale in Booth, Norwich, 1768, frontispiece); the Octagon Chapel in Colegate Street (1754–6), a handsome building in the Corinthian style (views, Sillett, King, and Booth, as above); and the theatre (1757), called Concert Hall before 1764, of which he is said to have been the proprietor. The interior of the last was a copy of the old Drury Lane Theatre, and Ivory is said to have been assisted in his design by Sir James Burrough (1691–1764) [q. v.] (view on King's map of Norwich; Booth, ii. 13). He obtained a license for his company of players to perform in Norwich in 1768, and in the same year ‘Mr. Ivory of Northwitch’ sent competition drawings for the erection of the Royal Exchange in Dublin (Mulvany, Life of Gandon, p. 30). Ivory is also said to have designed the Norfolk and Norwich Hospital. He died at Norwich on 28 Aug. 1779. His widow died on 18 June 1787, aged 80. A handsome monument to their memory is in the cathedral. In his will Ivory is described as ‘builder and timber merchant.’ Of his two sons, Thomas was in the revenue office, Fort William, Bengal, and William, architect and builder in Norwich, erected a pew in St. Helen's Church in 1780, and died in King Edward VI Almshouses, Saffron Walden, on 11 Dec. 1837, aged 90.
B. P.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Ivory, Thomas (d.1786)

​IVORY, THOMAS (d. 1786), architect, is said to have been self-educated. He practised in Dublin, and was appointed master of architectural drawing in the schools of the Royal Dublin Society in 1759. He held the post till his death, and among his pupils was Sir Martin Archer Shee [q. v.] In 1765 he prepared designs (plate in Gent. Mag. 1786, fig. i. p. 217) and an estimate for additional buildings to the society's premises in Shaw's Court, but these were not executed. Ivory's principal work was the King's Hospital in Blackhall Place (commonly known as the Blue Coat Hospital), a handsome building in the classic style. The first stone was laid on 16 June 1773, but from want of funds the central cupola has never been finished. The chapel and board-room are especially beautiful; in the latter some of Ivory's drawings of the design hung for many years, but are now in a dilapidated condition (cf. in Warburton, Dublin, i. 564–71; thirteen neatly prepared drawings, signed Thomas Ivory, 1776, in the King's Library; plate, with cupola and steeple as intended, in Malton, Dublin; elevation of east front in Pool and Cash, Dublin, p. 67). He designed Lord Newcomen's bank, built in 1781, at the corner of Castle Street and Cork Street (Gent. Mag. 1788, fig. iii. p. 1069). The building is now the public health office. The Hibernian Marine School, usually attributed to him, was probably the work of T. Cooley [q. v.] He made a drawing of Lord Charlemont's Casino at Marino, near Dublin (designed by Sir W. Chambers), which was engraved by E. Rooker. Ivory died in Dublin in December 1786. In the board-room of the King's Hospital is a picture (assigned to 1775) representing Ivory and eight others sitting at or standing round a table on which are spread plans of the new building.
B. P.