OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Courts-Martial (Appeals) Act

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* Courts-Martial (Appeals) Act 1951 (14 & 15 Geo. 6. c. 46), an UK Act of Parliament that consolidated the procedure on appealing from courts-martial (repealed by Courts-Martial (Appeals) Act 1968), and provided for the offices of the Judge Advocate of His Majesty’s Fleet (disestablished by the Armed Forces Act 2006) and Judge Advocate General.
* Courts-Martial (Appeals) Act 1968 (c. 20), an UK Act of Parliament that consolidated the procedure on appealing from courts-martial. Now cited as the Court-Martial (Appeals) Act 1968.

## See also

* Courts-Martial Appeals Act 1953 (1953 No 100), a New Zealand Act that governs similar procedures. Now cited as the Court Martial Appeals Act 1953.
# Cousin Betty

Original French title: "La Cousine Bette". First published 1846. Included as part of La Comédie humaine.
* Dedication
* Section 1
* Section 2
* Section 3
* Section 4
* Section 5
* Section 6
* Section 7
* Section 8
* Section 9
* Section 10
* Section 11
* Section 12
* Section 13
* Section 14
* Section 15
* Section 16
* Section 17
* Section 18
* Section 19
* Section 20
* Section 21
* Section 22
* Section 23
* Section 24
* Section 25
* Section 26
* Section 27
* Section 28
* Section 29
* Section 30
* Section 31
* Section 32
* Section 33
* Section 34
* Section 35
* Section 36
* Section 37
* Section 38
* Section 39
* Section 40
* Section 41
* Section 42
* Section 43
* Section 44
* Section 45
* Section 46
* Section 47
* Addendum
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hill, James John

​HILL, JAMES JOHN (1811–1882), painter, was the son of Daniel Hill of Broad Street, Birmingham, where he was born in 1811. He was educated at Hazlewood School, and received his artistic training in the academy conducted by John Vincent Barber [see under Barber, Joseph], where Thomas Creswick [q. v.] was his fellow-student. He practised his art for some years in his native town, chiefly as a portrait-painter, and among his sitters were Dr. Warneford and Mrs. Glover, the founder of Spring Hill College. In 1839 he removed to London, and in 1842 was elected a member of the Society of British Artists. ​ The first works which he exhibited there were ‘The Rose of York’ and ‘The Rose of Lancaster,’ with three portraits, and he continued a constant and popular contributor to its exhibitions for nearly forty years. Lady Burdett-Coutts was one of his most constant friends, and he painted for her many portraits and several pictures of horses and dogs. After some years' residence in London he mainly devoted himself to the fancy subjects by which he is best known. These were usually half-length single figures, or at most a couple of figures, studied from life, and with landscape backgrounds painted from nature. Many of the most effective were Irish studies, the earliest of which were painted in 1854, on his first visit to Ireland. Several were purchased by Mr. Ingram, and published as chromolithographs with the ‘Illustrated London News.’ Later in life he again changed his line in art, and devoted himself chiefly to landscape-painting, but not with success equal to that which he had achieved with his rustic figures. He died of bronchitis at Sutton House, West Hill, Highgate, on 27 Jan. 1882, in the seventy-first year of his age.
[Birmingham Daily Post, 31 Jan. 1882; reprinted in Architect, 1882, i. 73; Exhibition Catalogues of the Society of British Artists, 1842–82.]
R. E. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hill, John? (d.1697?)

Sir John Hill (c.1625–1701) in the ODNB.
​HILL, JOHN? (d. 1697?), governor of Inverlochy during the massacre of Glencoe in 1692, was lieutenant-colonel of a regiment of foot then not long raised by Archibald Campbell, first duke of Argyll (d. 1703) [q. v.], and which was disbanded about 1697. He was in 1691 governor of Inverlochy, now Fort William, Inverness-shire, where he had been left with fifteen hundred men by General Hugh Mackay to watch the highlands. On 31 Dec. 1691, the last day for the highland chieftains to take the oath of allegiance to William III, Mac Ian, chief of the Macdonalds of Glencoe, a sept of the great Clan Coila, visited Hill, and requested him to administer the oath to him. Hill was not a magistrate, but gave Mac Ian an introductory letter to Sir James Campbell of Ardkinglass, sheriff of Argyllshire. Mac Ian accordingly presented himself to Sheriff Campbell at Inverary on 6 Jan. 1692, five days after the oath should have been taken. Mac Ian showed Hill's letter to the sheriff and was sworn. It was decided by the government in London, however, to make an example of Mac Ian and his people. Hill seems to have been a kind-hearted man, and was not disposed to favour a measure like the Glencoe massacre. The instructions were for that reason sent to his second in command, Lieutenant-colonel James Hamilton. The massacre took place under Hamilton's instructions and superintendence on 13 Feb. 1692. Hill and Hamilton were tried for murder at Edinburgh, but were ‘cleared’ (Luttrell, Relation, iii. 496). Luttrell speaks of some of Hill's men having been killed in the highlands while tax-collecting in November 1695 (ib. iii. 551). In the index to Luttrell's ‘Relation of State Affairs’ Hill of Inverlochy is identified with the Colonel Hill, lieutenant-governor of Montserrat, who died at Pembroke in August 1697 (ib. iv. 261).
[Account of the massacre of Glencoe in Macaulay's Hist. of England, vol. iii.; Luttrell's Relation of State Affairs (Oxford, printed 1857), ii. 82, 314, 327, 375, 484, iii. 493, 496, 551, iv. 261. The Home Office (War Office) records afford no materials for the further identification of Colonel Hill of Argyll's regiment. In Notes and Queries, 2nd ser. viii. 193, he is confused with Major-general John Hill (d. 1732?) [q. v.]]
H. M. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hill, Hugh

​HILL, Sir HUGH (1802–1871), judge, second son of James Hill, by Mary, daughter of Hugh Norcott of Cork, was born in 1802 at Graig, near Doneraile, co. Cork, where his family had been long settled. He graduated B.A. at Dublin in 1821, kept two years' terms at the King's Inns, and then joined the Middle Temple in London. He practised with great success as a special pleader under the bar between 1827 and 1841, when he was called to the bar and joined the northern circuit. He became a Q.C. in 1851; on 29 May 1858 he was appointed a judge of the court of queen's bench, and about the same time was made a serjeant-at-law; he was also knighted. Owing to prolonged illness he retired from the bench in December 1861. He died at the Royal Crescent Hotel, Brighton, on 12 Oct. 1871. In 1831 he married Anoriah, daughter of Richard Holden Webb, controller of customs, and by her had two sons, who both survived him; his wife died in 1858.
[Foss's Judges of England, p. 346; Times, 16 Oct. 1871; Burke's Landed Gentry.]
W. A. J. A.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hill, James (d.1817?)

​HILL, JAMES (d. 1817?), actor and vocalist, was a native of Kidderminster; lost his father when four years old; was educated by an uncle, and was apprenticed at the age of sixteen to a painter. After a visit to London he went to Bristol, and with some difficulty induced the managers of the theatres at Bristol and Bath to allow him to perform for a single occasion at the Bath theatre. He made his first appearance accordingly, 1 Oct. 1796, in Bannister's part of Belville in ‘Rosina,’ a comic opera by Mrs. Brooke. His success was enough to secure him an engagement for singing parts. After he had taken lessons of the leader of the orchestra at Bath, Xamenes, and others, he became, on the introduction of Signora Storace, the pupil of Rauzzini. As Edwin in Leonard MacNally's comic opera of ‘Robin Hood’ he made, at Covent Garden, 8 Oct. 1798, his first appearance in London, attracting little attention. He was the original Sir Edward in Thomas Knight's ‘Turnpike Gate,’ 14 Nov. 1799; Don Antonio in Cobb's ‘Paul and Virginia,’ 1 May 1800; Abdalla in T. J. Dibdin's ‘Il Bondocani,’ 15 Nov. 1800; Young Inca in Morton's ‘Blind Girl,’ 22 April 1801; Lorenzo in ‘Who's the Rogue?’ and he took other second-rate parts in musical pieces of little importance. De Mountfort, count of Brittany, in T. J. Dibdin's ‘English Fleet in 1342,’ is the last part in which he is traceable at Covent Garden, 13 Dec. 1803. At the close of the season of 1805–6, in resentment of some fancied injury, he retired into the country and disappeared. According to Oxberry's ‘Dramatic Chronology,’ Hill seems to have died in 1817 in Jamaica. Gilliland speaks of him as possessing a pleasing voice and genteel person, but wanting in sprightliness and ease of deportment, a respectable substitute for Incledon, but not in the same rank (Dramatic Synopsis, pp. 114–15).
[Books cited; Genest's Account of the Stage; Gilliland's Dramatic Mirror.]
J. K.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hill, John (d.1732?)

Date of death 1735 in the ODNB.
​HILL, JOHN (d. 1732?), major-general, brother of Queen Anne's favourite, Abigail Hill, lady Masham [q. v.], was a poor relation of the Duchess of Marlborough, who calls him ‘a tall ragged boy that I took and clothed, and the Duke of Marlborough made a colonel of, although he was of no use as a soldier.’ Through the Marlborough influence he became a page to the Princess Anne, and in April 1703 was appointed captain in the Coldstream guards, apparently his first commission. In 1705 he was made colonel of Brigadier Stanhope's late regiment (11th foot), when reformed after its surrender at Portalegre (Home Office Mil. Entry Book, vii. 32). Luttrell says (Relation, v. 572) that Stanhope was his uncle. Hill commanded a brigade at Almanza, where his regiment was all but destroyed; reformed the latter in England, and went with it to Flanders, where he was wounded at the siege of Mons in 1709. The proposal to give him a vacant colonelcy in the following winter was successfully resisted by Marlborough, but he was soon afterwards consoled by a pension of 1,000l. a year (ib. vi. 585). He was made a brigadier-general, and sent to America in 1711 with certain regiments withdrawn from Flanders for an attack on the French settlements. The troops went to Boston, and were encamped for a time on Rhode Island. Reinforced by some provincials, they afterwards attempted to ascend the St. Lawrence (then called the Canada River) to attack Quebec. Ignorance of the navigation and stress of weather caused the loss of eight of the transports, with over a thousand seamen and soldiers, on 20 July 1711, and ​the expedition returned home without result. Hill was made a major-general in 1712, and was appointed or proposed as lieutenant of the Tower of London in the room of Cadogan when Marlborough fell into disfavour. He was appointed to command the force sent to hold Dunkirk as security for the execution of the treaty of Utrecht. On the secession of the house of Brunswick he was deprived of his regiment, He is stated to have died in June 1732 (Haydn, Book of Dignities). He is frequejtly mentioned in the 'Journal to Stells,' and Swift wrote a letter to him when he was at Dunkirk (Works, 1814, xvi. 16).
'Jack' Hill, as his boon companions called him, is referred to by Marlborough and others as 'Mr.' Hill which has led to some later confusion with Richard Hill, the diplomatist [see Hill, Richard d. 1727].
[Mackinnon's Origin of the Coldstream Guards, vol. ii. Appendix; Cannon's Hist. Reg. 11th Foot; Abstracts of Musters, forming Addit. MS. 19023; Cal. Treas. Papers, 1702–14; Tindal's Continusation of Rapin's History, ii. 185, 186, 215, 280, Luttrell's Brief Relation of State Affairs; Marlborough Despatches (where the index appears to confuse John Hill with Richard); Haydn's Book of Dignitaries.]
H. M. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hill, John Harwood

​HILL, JOHN HARWOOD (1809–1886), antiquary, son of Robert Hill of Leamington, was born at Louth, Lincolnshire, in 1809. Robert Gardiner Hill [q. v.] was a younger brother. On 30 June 1830 he was admitted a pensioner of Peterhouse, Cambridge, graduated B.A. in 1834, and in the same year was ordained to the curacy of Glaston, Rutlandshire, removing in 1835 to that of Corby, Northamptonshire, and becoming librarian to Lord Cardigan at Deene. He compiled a black-letter catalogue of Deene library, with pen-and-ink etchings of his own. In 1837 he was appointed by Lord Cardigan rector of Cranoe, and by the lord chancellor in 1841 vicar of Welham, both near Market Harborough, Leicestershire. In August 1846 the church of Cranoe was much damaged in a storm, and through Hill's exertions a new church was built in 1849 by subscription. The church of Welham was also restored during his incumbency, and in 1838 the rectory-house at Cranoe was rebuilt, largely at his expense. Hill was appointed surrogate for the diocese of Peterborough in 1852. On 12 Jan. 1871 he was elected F.S.A. He died on 3 Dec. 1886 at Cranoe, aged 77. By his wife, who died on 1 Oct. 1874, aged 58, he had a large family. Hill was author of:
* ‘The Chronicle of the Christian Ages, or Record of Events ​Ecclesiastical, Civil, and Military … to the end of … 1858,’ &c., 2 vols. 8vo, Uppingham (1859).
* ‘History of the Parish of Langton,’ and of several parishes in the hundred of Gartree, 4to, Leicester, 1867, illustrated with etchings by his own hand. This work was originally designed to aid by its sale the erection of a new church at Tor Langton.
* ‘The History of Market Harborough, with that portion of the Hundred of Gartree, Leicestershire, containing the parishes of Baggrave, Billesdon, Bosworth,’ &c., Leicester, 1875, 4to, privately printed, illustrated with etchings by the author.
Hill was the local secretary of the Leicestershire Architectural and Archæological Society, and to its ‘Transactions’ he supplied many articles, of which the most remarkable were on the families of Langton, on Tailbois's ‘Memoirs of the Archdeacons of Leicester,’ and on the prebendaries of St. Margaret's, Leicester.
[Academy, 18 Dec. 1886; Crockford's Clerical Directory, 1886; Guardian, 8 Dec. 1886.]
G. G.
# Diary of the times of Charles II/Volume 1/The Earl of Sunderland to Lord Essex

THE EARL OF SUNDERLAND TO LORD ESSEX.
Tuesday.
I gave your Lordship's letter to the King. He cannot yet be persuaded that the new guards will hurt his affairs so much as I believe they will. Sir William T. is now here, and will speak to him of them; so will the Dutchesse of P. I have done it, and will again. I shall wait upon your Lordship to-night or to-morrow morning, and give you a more perfect account of this matter.
# Diary of the times of Charles II/Volume 1/The Earl of Sunderland to Mr. Sidney

THE EARL OF SUNDERLAND TO MR. SIDNEY.
Windsor.
The day before yesterday, the King told the Duke of Monmouth he would have him lay down his commission of general, and that he should absent himself for some time from his dominions. This, after some arguing, which did not convince, he was forced to submit to, and in order to his journey he went from hence last night. He will ​go some time next week, and immediately after, the Duke will begin his journey to Brussels. I would have made use this day of my cipher, but it is lost, or at least laid aside, that I cannot find it; therefore I desire you will send me a copy of yours.
I think this is news enough for one post; I will only add, that the King is extremely well, and intends to go next week to London, and a few days afterwards to Newmarket.
I am entirely yours,
Sunderland.
# Diary of the times of Charles II/Volume 1/The Earl of Sunderland to Mr. Sidney, August 19

THE EARL OF SUNDERLAND TO MR. SIDNEY.
Windsor, August 19.
Sir,
I have showed your last letters to the King, who does approve of your dispatches. He is of opinion that the best way of securing the peace of Europe, and particularly the Spanish Low Countries, is to make a firm union between him and Holland first, and then to take in Spain, the Emperor, and any. other powers or states who apprehend the greatness of France. This will be much easier than to begin to treat at first with Spain and Holland together, which is difficult for a hundred reasons, both from our temper here, and from the delays
​which the Spaniards put to every thing. Therefore, the King will stick to the project of the guarantee, of which you have a copy, and, as soon as Monsieur Van Lewin has his powers, we shall offer it to him. I have not yet read your cipher, for I left mine in London, whither I shall go in a day or two.
The Queen goes to Newmarket, and all the ladies. My uncle Algernon is a Parliament man, and had thoughts of standing in Sussex, and is very angry with you for pretending to any thing he had a mind to.
We want you most extremely here.
I am entirely yours,
Sunderland.
# Diary of the times of Charles II/Volume 1/The Earl of Sunderland to Mr. Sidney, February 3

THE EARL OF SUNDERLAND TO MR. SIDNEY.
February 3d.
I have writ to the Prince what I think concerning the Alliances he desires should be made, but to you I will say nothing of that. The King is entirely convinced that he must pursue the interest of Holland, as he has begun; that it is necessary to his affairs at home as well as abroad, and he intends to tell the Duke so, as soon as he comes, which will be in six or seven days, and I hope he will concur with his Majesty, and those who are of this opinion; but, to make it the easier, I think ​it would be very well if the Prince would write to him at his return as kindly as possible, and express his satisfaction upon the marks he and the States have received of the King's concern for them, and of the advantages his Majesty and his Royal Highness may find in their friendship, which never can be expected from France, whose interest can never be to have the King great, he being the only Prince in the world that can obstruct their designs. All that can be said of this sort will be very useful, therefore pray persuade the Prince to it, and as soon as may be. Mr. Hyde, Mr. Godolphin, and I, have talked of all these matters so fully to the King, that I can assure you he is never to be changed, but every thing will be much easier if the Duke is of the same mind.
You cannot imagine the pains I take in this business, and yet I am called a traitor and a Frenchman every day, but I care very little for that if I can do any good.
I am yours entirely,
Sunderland.
# Diary of the times of Charles II/Volume 1/The Earl of Sunderland to Mr. Sidney, January 1-11

THE EARL OF SUNDERLAND TO MR. SIDNEY.
Whitehall, January 1-11.
Sir,
The King having read yours of the 5th instant, S. N., commanded me immediately to despatch this express, as well to renew his orders to yon to use your utmost endeavours to prevent the making the alliance between France and the States, as to direct you to acquaint the Prince and the Pensioner that you have received his Majesty's command to let them know, that what Monsieur Barillon had written to Monsieur D'Avaux, viz. that the King had told him he would oppose the alliance between France and Holland, &c., but that it was only because he would have his master make one with him, is a mere invention of Monsieur Barillon's, to whom his Majesty never said any such thing; but this is no very unusual way of proceeding both with Monsieur Barillon and other French ministers abroad, who care not what they say, so ​that it may promote the designs of their master. You must likewise acquaint the Prince and the Pensioner that, as to the apprehensions they have in Holland that the French King will not evacuate Wesel, but may fall upon them immediately, if they should not agree to an alliance with him, the King has directed you to tell them that, in case France should break with the States, by the consideration of the long prorogation of the Parliament, or for any other reason or pretence, that his Majesty will assist them with all his forces, as well as knowing how nearly he is concerned, and how much it is his interest not to suffer those provinces to be invaded; and that the better to enable himself to do it, he will that very moment call the Parliament, how far distant soever it may appear by the prorogation, he having it always in his power to do so; and it is not in the least to be doubted but that the Parliament will be ready to support him on such an occasion. I have, by the King's order, let Monsieur Van Lewin know as much, to whom his Majesty would have told it himself, if the Ambassador had been in a condition of going abroad.
The King will be impatient to hear from you after the receipt hereof, and therefore you may, if ​you please, keep this express some days, till you can despatch him to us again with an answer, which we hope will be a good one.
Sunderland.
Sir,— The King gives you leave to come over before the term, supposing his affairs do not require your presence there, which he leaves you to judge of.
# Diary of the times of Charles II/Volume 1/The Earl of Sunderland to Mr. Sidney, January 13,1679-1680

THE EARL OF SUNDERLAND TO MR. SIDNEY.
Whitehall, January 13th, 1679-80.
Sir,
The express I sent you on New Year's Day returned last Saturday night, with yours of the 5-15th, which being read next day before the King at the Committee of Intelligence, his Majesty bid me tell you that he is very well satisfied with the success your negotiation will, in all appearance, have; and that he does entirely approve of all your proceedings in it, as having done what you ought in pursuance of the orders he sent you.
​This day Sir Gilbert Gerrard, accompanied with several others, presented the Westminster petition for the sitting of Parliament to the King, saying it was from thousands of his Majesty's subjects in Westminster and places adjacent. The King answered that he took himself for the head of the government, and the only judge of what was fit to be done in such cases, and that he should do what he thought best for the good of himself and his people; telling Sir Gilbert, likewise, he did not expect to find a Gerrard in such a thing, and particularly him; that he was sorry for it. Whereupon Sir Gilbert would have said something to the King, but he would not hear him. The principal persons that accompanied Sir Gilbert were Desborough, Ireton, Charlton, Wilson, and Crisp, the two first of which were the sons or other near relations of the Regicides.
The King intended to have writ to the Prince this post, but the Counsel sate very late, which hindered him. In the mean time, pray assure his Highness the King considers his interest as his own.
Yours most humbly,
Sunderland.
# Diary of the times of Charles II/Volume 1/The Earl of Sunderland to Mr. Sidney, August 8

THE EARL OF SUNDERLAND TO MR. SIDNEY.
August 8.
Yesterday the council was adjourned to the first Wednesday after Michaelmas, and the Treasury to the 22nd of September, so that we may be as idle as we please. The elections they say are likely to be at least as good as they were. The King meddles in none, which I think the ​better, but is the most resolved that can be to do all reasonable things which can be desired of him. The Duke has writ to the King to give Lady Anne leave to go to Brussels for a little time, which he has granted, and to the young lady likewise. Will Herbert and I are better friends than ever.
I am entirely yours.
Sir W. Temple will certainly be chosen at Cambridge.