OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Harmer, James

​HARMER, JAMES (1777–1853), alderman of London, was son of a Spitalfields weaver. Left an orphan at the age of ten years, he was articled to an attorney in 1792, ​but left his office on making an early marriage. He was afterwards transferred to Messrs. Fletcher & Wright of Bloomsbury, and practised for himself in 1799. His practice was chiefly in the criminal courts, and the experience there gained made him a strong advocate of reform in criminal procedure. His evidence before the committee for the reformation of the criminal law was declared by Sir James Mackintosh to be unequalled in its effect. He exposed the delinquency of witnesses, and especially the mode of obtaining evidence against Holloway and Haggerty, who were executed in 1807 for the murder of Mr. Steele. He also took an active part in procuring the abolition of the blood-money system. He took much trouble in investigating cases where he considered that prisoners had been wrongly committed. He wrote pamphlets on behalf of Holloway and Haggerty in 1807, on the case of George Mathews in 1819, and in 1825 on behalf of Edward Harris.
In 1833 he was elected alderman of the ward of Farringdon Without, which he had represented since 1826 in the common council, and gave up his legal practice, which is said to have been worth 4,000l. a year. He was sheriff of London and Middlesex in 1834. He resigned his alderman's gown in 1840, when his election to the mayoralty was successfully opposed on the ground of his being proprietor of the 'Weekly Dispatch,' which then advocated very advanced religious and political views. Harmer took a leading part in establishing the Royal Free Hospital. He lived at Greenhithe, Kent, where he built a mansion, Ingress Abbey, chiefly of stone procured from old London Bridge on its demolition. He died on 12 June 1853 and was buried on the 16th in Kensal Green cemetery. He left a large fortune to his grand-daughter. There is an engraved portrait by Wivell (Evans, Catalogue, No. 16870).
[Illustrated London News, 25 June 1853, xxii. 507, copied by the Gentleman's Magazine, 1853, pt. ii. pp. 201-2; Times (advt. of death), 33 June 1853; Annual Register, 1819, v. 61, 359-63; Grant's History of the Newspaper Press, iii. 41-2.]
C. W-h.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Harmar, John (1555?-1613)

​HARMAR or HARMER, JOHN (1555?–1613), professor of Greek at Oxford, was born, probably of humble parentage, at Newbury in Berkshire about 1555. Through the influence of the Earl of Leicester, he was elected to St. Mary's College, Winchester, in 1569, at the age of fourteen; in 1572 he obtained a scholarship at New College, Oxford, where he matriculated on 10 Jan. 1575, being described as 'plebei filius' (Oxf. Univ. Reg., Oxf. Hist. Soc., n. ii. 60), and was admitted perpetual fellow. He graduated B. A. on 21 Jan. 1577 (ib. iii. 64), and M. A. 18 Jan. 1582. He was reckoned a 'subtle Aristotelian,' was well read in patristic and scholastic theology, and was a 'most noted Latinist and Grecian ' (Wood). About this period he appears to have gone abroad, being assisted by the Earl of Leicester, and to have held disputations at Paris with the 'great doctors of the Romish party' (ib.) In 1585 the earl obtained his appointment as regius professor of Greek at Oxford, and on 26 April 1587 he was elected one of the proctors. From 1588 to 1595 he was head-master of Winchester, and in 1596 became warden of St. Mary's College, and held that office until his death. He was also rector of Droxford in Hampshire, and a prebendary of Winchester. In 1604 he was appointed one of the translators of the New Testament, and had a 'prime hand' in that work. On 16 May 1605 he was admitted B.D. He died 11 Oct. 1613, and was buried in the chapel of New ​College. He was a 'considerable benefactor to the libraries of both Wykeham's colleges.' His published works (all in the British Museum) are a translation of Calvin's sermons on the ten commandments, 4to, 1579, 1581; an edition 'D. Jo. Chrysostomi Homelise Sex, Grace,' 12mo, 1586; a translation of Beza's sermons from French into English, 4to, 1587 (in this book he acknowledges, in an epistle dedicatory, his obligations to the Earl of Leicester); another volume of ' St. Chrysostom's Homilies,' 4to, 1590. His nephew, John Harmar (1594?-1670) [q. v.], was also professor of Greek at Oxford.
[Clark's Register of the University of Oxford, ii. ii. 60, iii. 64 (Oxford Hist. Soc.); Wood's Athenæ, i. 200, 201, 239, ii. 138, 139, ed. Bliss; Kirby's Register of Winchester Scholars, p. 1 42 Anderson's Annals of the English Bible, ii. 376.]
W. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hitchcock, Robert

​HITCHCOCK, ROBERT (d. 1809), dramatist, was at one time an actor of small parts at York, but was afterwards prompter at the Haymarket in the elder Colman's time (1777–88). His wife and daughter both acted at the Haymarket, the latter making her first appearance in the ‘Silver Tankard’ in 1781. By 1788 he had become prompter at the Theatre Royal, Dublin, and his wife and daughter were great favourites on the Irish stage. He died in Clarendon Street, Dublin, at the end of 1809 (European Mag. lvi. 478). His daughter retired from the stage on her marriage to a Dublin barrister. His son Robert, LL.B. of the university of Dublin, was also a member of the Irish bar. He was author of:
* ‘The Macaroni, a comedy’ (anon.), 8vo, York, 1773 (also 12mo, Dublin, 1774), performed at York, and once at the Haymarket.
* ‘The Coquette; or the Mistakes of the Heart; a comedy’ (anon.), 8vo, Bath, 1777, acted at York and Hull. It is not without merit; the plot is taken from Mrs. Haywood's novel of ‘Betsy Thoughtless.’
* ‘An Historical View of the Irish Stage from the earliest period … with theatrical anecdotes,’ 2 vols. 12mo, Dublin, 1788–94.
[Baker's Biographia Dramatica (Reed and Jones), i. 348, ii. 128, iii. 1.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hoard, Samuel

​HOARD, SAMUEL (1599–1658), divine, born in London in 1599, became either clerk or chorister of All Souls' College, Oxford, in 1614, was matriculated on 10 Oct. 1617, and ​migrated to St Mary Hall, where he graduated B.A. 20 April 1618, and commenced M.A. in 1621. He was incorporated in the latter degree at Cambridge in 1622. He became chaplain to Robert, earl of Warwick, who presented him in 1626 to the rectory of Moreton, near Ongar, Essex. On 15 June 1630 he was admitted B.D. at Oxford, and in 1632 he was incorporated in that degree at Cambridge. In 1637 he was collated to the prebend of Willesden in the church of St Paul. He died on 15 Feb. 1657-8, and was buried in the chancel of Moreton Church. Wood says he was 'well read in the fathers and schoolmen, was a good disputant and preacher, a zealous Calvinist in the beginning, but a greater Arminian afterwards' (Athenae Oxon. ed. Bliss, iii. 449).
His works are: 1. ‘Gods Love to Mankind manifested by disproving His absolute Decree for their Damnation’ (anon.), Lond. 1633 4to, 1658 12mo, 1673 8vo. It is thought that Henry Mason had a share in this work, which was answered by William Twisse and John Davenant, bishop of Salisbury. Morant remarks that Hoard had the courage to publish the book ‘at a time when it was accounted a greater crime than treason to boggle at the doctrine of absolute predestination, with all its blasphemous consequences’ (Hist. of Essex, i. 146). 2. ‘The Soules Miserie and Recoverie: or, the Grieving of the Spirit, how it is caused, and how redressed. Wherein is shewed, among other things, the nature of presumptuous sins, with preservatives against them, and remedies for them,’ London, 1636, 8vo, dedicated to Robert, earl of Warwick. Reprinted, with many additions, Lond. 1658, 8vo. 3. ‘The Churches Authority asserted; in a sermon [on 1 Cor. xiv. 4] preached at Chelmsford, at the metropolitical visitation of William [Laud], archbishop of Canterbury … March 1, 1636,’ Lond. 1637, 4to. Reprinted in ‘Bibliotheca Scriptorum Ecclesiæ Anglicanæ,’ 1709, i. 190–246.
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hoadly, Samuel

​HOADLY, SAMUEL (1643–1705), schoolmaster and writer of educational books, was born 30 Sept. 1643 at Guildford, New England, whither his parents had fled at the outbreak of the great rebellion. In 1655 his parents returned to Great Britain and settled in Edinburgh, where Samuel was educated, matriculating in 1659 in the university. In 1662 his parents removed to Rolvenden in Kent. Next year Samuel became an assistant-master in the Cranbrook free school. He was in holy orders, but never held any benefice. Hoadly established a private school at Westerham in 1671, whence in 1678 he removed to Tottenham High Cross. In 1686 he removed to Brook House, Hackney. He was appointed in 1700 head-master of Norwich grammar school, an appointment which he held till his death on 17 April 1705. He ​was twice married; first in 1666 to Mary Wood, who died in childbirth in 1668; secondly, in 1669, to Martha, daughter of the Rev. B. Pickering. By his second wife he had a large family of nine children, among whom were Bishop Benjamin Hoadly [q. v.] and Archbishop John Hoadly [q. v.]
Hoadly's ‘Natural Method of Teaching, being the Accidence in Questions and Answers &c.,’ a kind of English and Latin grammar combined (1683), was the most popular school manual of the age, and before 1773 reached its eleventh edition. In 1700 he published a school edition of ‘Phædrus’ and the ‘Maxims of Publius Syrus.’ He had some correspondence with Grævius, in which occur notices of Bentley's projected edition of ‘Hesychius’ and of the controversy upon the Phalaris question. It was probably owing to the recommendation of Grævius that several young foreign scholars became boarders in Hoadly's house in order to learn English.
[Bishop Hoadly's Works, 3 vols., edited by his son; Life of the Bishop prefixed to vol. i., and appendix for Samuel Hoadly's correspondence with J. G. Grævius.]
T. E. J.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hoadly, Sarah

​HOADLY, SARAH (d. 1743), portrait painter, [See under Hoadly, Benjamin (1676-1761).]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hoadly, Benjamin (1706-1757)

​HOADLY, BENJAMIN, M.D. (1706–1757), physician, son of Benjamin Hoadly, bishop of Winchester [q. v.], was born on 10 Feb. 1706 in Broad Street, London. He was sent to Dr. Newcome's academy at Hackney, and thence to Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, where he was admitted on 8 April 1722. He read mathematics, and attended the lectures of the blind professor, Saunderson. He graduated M.B. 1727, and M.D. April 1728, having already been elected a fellow of the Royal Society. He was registrar of Hereford while his father was bishop (1721–4). He settled in London, and was elected a fellow of the College of Physicians 29 Dec. 1736, and in the following spring he delivered the Gulstonian lectures on the organs of respiration, which were printed, but are uninteresting. A copy bound in red morocco, presented by the author, is preserved in the college library. In 1739 he was elected censor, and in 1742 delivered a commonplace Harveian oration, which was printed. On 9 June 1742 he was made physician to the king's household, and on 4 Jan. 1746 physician to the household of the Prince of Wales.
Hoadly was fond of the stage, and was author of ‘The Suspicious Husband,’ a comedy, which was first acted at Covent Garden on 12 Feb. 1747. Garrick wrote a prologue for it, and acted the part of Ranger. It hit the popular taste, was often repeated on the stage, and was published in 1747 with a dedication to George II, who sent Hoadly 100l. Foote praised it in his ‘Roman and English Comedy Compared,’ 1747; Genest calls it ‘one of our very best comedies.’ A farce by Charles Macklin, ‘The Suspicious Husband Criticized,’ was produced at Drury Lane on 24 March 1747. The comedy was perhaps more justly called by a contemporary ‘Hoadly's profligate pantomime,’ consisting as it does of entrances and exits through windows at night, and of dissolute small talk. Hoadly also wrote a comedy, ‘The Tatlers,’ which was acted at Covent Garden on 29 April 1797 for Holman's benefit, but was never printed. In 1756 he published ‘Observations on a series of Electrical Experiments by Dr. Hoadly and Mr. Wilson.’ He died at Chelsea on 10 Aug. 1757. He married, first, Elizabeth, daughter of Henry Betts, and by her had one son, Benjamin; secondly, Anne, daughter of General Armstrong.
N. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jones, Horace

​JONES, Sir HORACE (1819–1887), city architect, son of David Jones, attorney, by Sarah Lydia Shephard, was born on 20 May 1819 at 15 Size Lane, Bucklersbury, London. He was articled to John Wallen, architect and surveyor, of 16 Aldermanbury, and subsequently spent some time in studying ancient architecture in Italy and Greece. In 1843 he commenced practice as an architect at 16 Furnival's Inn, Holborn, and during eighteen years designed and carried out many buildings of importance, such as the British and Irish Magnetic Telegraph Company's office in Threadneedle Street, the Sovereign Assurance office in Piccadilly, Marshall & Snelgrove's premises in Oxford Street, the Surrey Music Hall, Cardiff town-hall, and Caversham Hall. He was surveyor for the Duke of Buckingham's Tufnell Park estate, for the Barnard estate, and the Bethnal Green estate. On 26 Feb. 1864 he was elected architect and surveyor to the city of London. In 1868 he designed and carried out the Central Meat Market, Smithfield, followed in 1875 by the adjoining poultry and provision market, and in 1883 by the fruit and vegetable market. In 1871 he converted the Deptford dockyard into a foreign cattle market, in 1877 he entirely reconstructed Billingsgate Market, and in 1882 rebuilt Leadenhall Market. He completed the City Lunatic Asylum at Dartford in 1864, and in the same year designed a new roof for the city Guildhall. In 1872 he designed the Guildhall library and museum, and the new council chamber in 1884. He prepared the memorial surmounted by a griffin to mark the site of Temple Bar (November 1880). In conjunction with (Sir) John Wolfe Barry he made plans for a bascule bridge to be erected across the Thames below the Tower of London, a project which was carried out after his death. His last important work was the Guildhall School of Music on the Thames Embankment.
He took much interest in the Royal Institute of British Architects, of which he became an associate in 1842, a fellow in 1855, and president (1882–3). He was also an enthusiastic freemason, and from 1882 till his death was grand superintendent of works. On 30 July 1886 he was knighted. He died at 30 Devonshire Place, Portland Place, London, on 21 May 1887, and was buried in Norwood cemetery on 27 May. A portrait by W. W. Ouless, R.A., was exhibited in the Royal Academy Exhibition in 1887. Jones married, 15 April 1875, Ann Elizabeth, daughter of John Patch, barrister.
G. C. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jones, Hugh

​JONES, HUGH (1508–1574), bishop of Llandaff, was descended from an ancient family of that name in Gower, to which belonged Sir Hugh Johnys of Llandimore [q. v.] He was educated at Oxford, probably at New Inn Hall, and was admitted to the degree of B.C.L. on 24 July 1541, being then described as ‘chaplain.’ He was first beneficed in Wales, but on 4 Jan. 1557 he was instituted to the vicarage of Banwell, Somerset. By 1560 he had returned to Wales, and at that date was prebendary of Llandaff and rector of Tredunnock in the same diocese. On 17 April 1567 he was, on Archbishop Parker's recommendation, elected bishop of Llandaff (Strype, Parker, i. 405). The see was greatly impoverished, and Jones was, as Godwin has observed, the first Welshman that was preferred to it for the space of three hundred years. He died at Mathern in Monmouthshire in November 1574, and was buried on the 15th of the same month within the church there. He married Anne Henson, by whom he had several daughters.
D. Ll. T.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jones, Jezreel

​JONES, JEZREEL (d. 1731), traveller, was appointed in 1698 clerk to the Royal Society. Under their patronage he set out in the same year on an expedition of discovery into Barbary, the sum of 100l. being voted by the council towards his journey (Weld, Hist. of Roy. Soc. i. 351–2, ii. 562). In 1699 he communicated to the society an ‘Account of the Moorish Way of Dressing their Meat (with other Remarks) in West Barbary, from Cape Spartel to Cape de Geer’ (Phil. Trans. xxi. 248–58). He returned home at the end of the year, but in February 1701 he sailed on a second voyage to Barbary, and reached Tetuan in September. He sent Sloane and Petiver many valuable specimens (cf. his letters in Addit. (Sloane) MS. 4049, ff. 86–96). Some of his coloured drawings of Barbary products, copied by Albin in 1711, are preserved in the same collection, No. 4003. In July 1704 he was chosen British envoy to Morocco, and arrived at Tangier on 28 Dec. of that year (letter of Sir C. Hedges to Alcaid Ali ben Abdola, Addit. MS. 28948, f. 55; letter of Jones to Sir J. Leake, ib. 5440, f. 119). An excellent Arabic scholar, he often acted, on his return to London, as interpreter to ambassadors from Africa (Gent. Mag. i. 220). To John Chamberlayne's ‘Oratio Dominica in diversas linguas versa,’ 1715, he contributed (pt. ii. pp. 150–6) a learned dissertation ‘De Lingua Shilhensi.’ He died at his house, the Two Golden Arrows, in Plough Yard, Fetter Lane, Holborn, on 21 May 1731 (Hist. Reg. 1731, Chron. Diary, p. 26). By his wife Edith he left three sons and a daughter (will in P. C. C. 185, Isham). His correspondence with Under-secretary John Ellis is in Additional MSS. 28892, ff. 182, 190, and 28916, ff. 121, 137, 143.
[Authorities cited above.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jones, John (1645-1709)

​JONES, JOHN (1645–1709), chancellor of Llandaff, born in 1645, was the son (or perhaps grandson) of Matthew Jones of Pentyrch in Glamorganshire. In 1662 he entered Jesus College, Oxford, of which he was afterwards scholar and fellow; he graduated B.A. 5 April 1666, and proceeded M.A. 11 May 1670, B.C.L. 9 July 1673, and D.C.L. 21 July 1677. He was licensed by the university to practise physic, 13 June 1678, and followed his profession at Windsor. He became a licentiate of the College of Physicians, 22 Dec. 1687. On the death of Sir Richard Lloyd he was made chancellor of the diocese of Llandaff, but was not settled in that office till May 1691, owing to a dispute between him and the bishop, who had bestowed the post on his son, William Beaw. The relations between Jones and the bishop continued strained, and several articles against Jones for misdemeanors were exhibited by the bishop in the court of arches (see letter dated 21 Jan. 1693 in Athenæ Oxon. i. p. cxiv). Jones died 22 Aug. 1709, and was buried near the west door of the cathedral at Llandaff.
He was the author of a Latin treatise on intermittent fevers, 'De febribus intermittentibus,' &c., London, 1683, 8vo; 2nd ed. the Hague, 1684, 8vo. A work on the same subject by Francis Pieus (Geneva, 1689, 4to) was largely based upon Jones's essay. ​Another work of his, described by Munk as an extraordinary and perfectly unintelligible book, containing 371 octavo pages of small print, is entitled ‘The Mysteries of Opium Reveal'd’ (London, 1700, 8vo), of which there was a reissue dated 1701. A religious work in Welsh, called ‘Holl dd'ledswydd Cristion … a gyfieithiwyd gan Rees Lewys’ (Shrewsbury, 1714, 8vo), is said to be a translation by Rees Lewis, a schoolmaster at Llanwonno, Glamorganshire, of a work by Jones probably unpublished. Previous to 1676 Jones had invented an ingenious clock, which is described in detail by Robert Plot in ‘Natural History of Oxfordshire’ (p. 230). It ‘moved by the air equally expressed out of bellows of a cylindrical form falling into folds in its descent, much after the manner of paper lanterns.’
[Bliss's Athenæ Oxon. iv. 722; Clark's Genealogies of Glamorgan, p. 535; Willis's Survey of Llandaff, pp. 4, 100; Rowlands's Welsh Bibliography, s.a. 1714; Munk's Coll. of Phys. i. 438–439.]
D. Ll. T.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jones, Isaac

​JONES, ISAAC (1804–1850), Welsh translator, was born 2 May 1804 in the parish of Llanychaiarn, near Aberystwith, Cardigan​shire. His father, a weaver, was able to teach him Latin, and he also attended a small school in his native village. He afterwards went to the grammar school at Aberystwith, where he became first an assistant, and in 1828 head-master. He resigned the post in 1834, when he entered St. Davids College, Lampeter, and was elected Eldon Hebrew scholar there in 1835. He was ordained deacon in September 1836 and priest in September 1837. His first curacy was Llanfihangel Geneu'r Glyn, and he afterwards removed to Bangor Chapel, both near Aberystwith. In February 1840 he became curate of Llanedwen and Llanddaniel Fab in Anglesey, where he remained till his death, 2 Dec. 1850. He was buried in Llanidan churchyard.
Jones is chiefly known as a translator of English works into Welsh; the following are some of his translations: 1. Gurney's ‘Dictionary of the Bible,’ with numerous additions by the translator, completed in 1835 in 2 vols. 12mo. 2. Dr. Adam Clarke's ‘Commentary on the New Testament,’ 2 vols., 1847, 8vo. Jones had also proceeded as far as Lev. iv. 12, with his translation of the commentary on the Old Testament, when his last illness interrupted the work. 3. Williams's ‘Missionary Enterprises,’ half only of which was published, as another Welsh edition was issued at the same time. Jones was joint-editor with Owen Williams of Waunfawr of a Welsh encyclopædia, ‘Y Geirlyfr Cymraeg,’ 2 vols., Llanfair-Caereinion, 1835, 4to, the second volume being entirely written by Jones. He edited also the second edition of William Salesbury's ‘Welsh Testament,’ originally published in 1567 (Carnarvon, 1850, 8vo), and assisted the Rev. E. Griffiths of Swansea in bringing out a translation of Matthew Henry's ‘Exposition,’ besides being the author of several tracts and pamphlets of minor importance.
[Williams's Eminent Welshmen, p. 559; Rowlands's Welsh Bibliography, p. 17 note; Jones's Enwogion Sir Aberteifi, pp. 84–5.]
D. Ll. T.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hatchett, Charles

​HATCHETT, CHARLES (1765?–1847), chemist, born about 1765, was the son of John Hatchett, coachbuilder, of Long Acre, London, by Elizabeth his wife. He was elected F.R.S. on 9 March 1797 (Thomson, Hist. Roy. Soc. Append. iv. p. lxiv). On 21 Feb. 1809 he became a member of the Literary Club, originally founded by Dr. Johnson and Sir Joshua Reynolds in 1764, and on the death of Dr. Burney in 1814 he was appointed treasurer. He furnished John Wilson Croker with an account of the club and a complete list of its members, printed in Boswell's ‘Life of Johnson,’ ed. Croker, i. 492, 528. Hatchett died on 10 Feb. 1847 at Bellevue House, Chelsea, aged 82, and was buried near his parents and wife Elizabeth (d. 1837) at Upton-cum-Chalvey, Buckinghamshire (Lipscomb, Buckinghamshire, iv. 576; Gent. Mag. new ser. xxviii. 214–15). He was author of a treatise ‘On the Spikenard of the Ancients,’ 4to, London, 1836, and contributed many papers to Nicholson's ‘Journal’ and to the ‘Philosophical Transactions.’ The more important of the latter were published separately between 1798 and 1805, and comprised: ‘An Analysis of the Magnetical Pyrites, with remarks on some other Sulphurets of Iron,’ London, 1804, 4to; ‘On an Artificial Substance which possesses the principal characteristics of Tannin,’ London, 1805, 4to. A tolerably complete list of his writings and some account of his pictures and curiosities, together with his portrait engraved by F. C. Lewis after the painting by T. Phillips, will be found in Faulkner's ‘History of Chelsea,’ ed. 1829, i. 89–92.
[Authorities as above; Brit. Mus. Cat.; Watt's Bibl. Brit.]
G. G.