# Gems of Chinese Literature/Fang Hsiao-ju-It is always the Unexpected

FANG HSIAO-JU.
a.d. 1357-1402
[A Minister of State under Hui Ti, the Emperor who vanished and is supposed to have been recognized forty years afterwards, by a mole on his chin. Refusing to serve under the new Emperor, Yung Lo, whose name is connected with the giant encyclopaedia, he was cut to pieces in the market-place and his family was exterminated.]
STATESMEN who forecast the destinies of an empire, oft-times concentrate their genius upon the difficult, and neglect the easy. They provide against likely evils, and disregard combinations which yield no ground for suspicion. Yet calamity often issues from neglected quarters, and sedition springs out of circumstances which have been set aside as trivial. Must this be regarded as due to an absence of care?―No. It results because the things that man can provide against are human, while those that elude his vigilance and overpower his strength are divine.
The Ch‘ins obliterated the feudal system and united the empire under one sway. They saw that the Chou dynasty had been overthrown by the turbulence of vassal nobles, and therefore they dispersed these over the land as officers of state responsible to the central government; trusting that thereby appeal to arms would cease, and the empire be theirs for ever. But they could not foresee that the founder of the Hans would arise from the furrowed fields and snatch away the sceptre from their grasp.
The Hans took warning by the Ch‘ins, and re-established feudatory princes, choosing them from among the members of the Imperial family, and relying upon their tie of kinship to the throne. Yet the conflict with the Confederate States was at hand, in consequence of which the power of the princes was diminished to ​prevent similar troubles for the future; when, lo! Wang Mang leaped upon the throne.
Wang Mang took warning by his predecessors, and others, in like manner, took warning by his fate, each in turn providing against a recurrence of that which had proved fatal before. And in each case calamity came upon them from a quarter whence least expected.
The Emperor T‘ai Tsung of the T‘angs secretly learned that his issue would be done to death by Wu. He accordingly slew the Wu upon whom his suspicions fell: but the real Wu was all the time at his side.
The Emperor T‘ai Tsu of the Sungs persuaded those who had placed him upon the throne to retire into private life. He little foresaw that his descendants would writhe under the barbarian Tartar’s yoke.
All the instances above cited include gifted men whose wisdom and genius overshadowed their generation. They took counsel and provided against disruption of their empire with the utmost possible care. Yet misfortune fell upon every one of them, always issuing from some source where its existence was least suspected. This, because human wisdom reaches only to human affairs, and cannot touch the divine. Thus, too, will sickness carry off the children even of the best doctors, and devils play their pranks in the family of an exorcist. How is it that these professors who succeed in grappling with the cases of others, yet fail in treating their own? It is because in those they confine themselves to the human; in these they would meddle with the divine.
The men of old knew that it was impossible to provide infallibly against the convulsions of ages to come. There was no plan, no device, by which they could hope to prevail; and they refrained accordingly from vain scheming. They simply strove by the force of Truth and Virtue to win for themselves the approbation ​of God; that He, in reward for their virtuous conduct, might watch over them, as a fond mother watches over her babes, for ever. Thus, although fools were not wanting to their posterity,―fools, able to drag an empire to the dust,―still, the evil day was deferred. This was indeed foresight of a far-reaching kind.
But he who, regardless of the favour of God, may hope by the light of his own petty understanding to establish that which shall endure through all time,―he shall be confounded indeed.
* ↑ See Music, p. 78.
* ↑ A famous usurper.
* ↑ The dynasty of the Mongols, established by Kublai Khan.