OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Izacke, Richard

​IZACKE, RICHARD (1624?–1698), antiquary, born about 1624, was the eldest son of Samuel Izacke of Exeter, and apparently a member of the Inner Temple (1617). On 20 April 1641 he was admitted a commoner of Exeter College, Oxford, but left the university at the end of the following year on account of the civil war. He had in the meantime entered himself at the Inner Temple (November 1641), and was called to the bar in 1650 (Cooke, Inner Temple Students, 1547–1660, pp. 218, 310). In 1653 he became chamberlain of Exeter, and town-clerk about 1682 (Wood, Athenæ Oxon. ed. Bliss, iv. 489). His father, to whom he had behaved badly, left him at his death in 1681 or 1682 a house in Trinity parish, Exeter, and leasehold property in Tipton, Ottery St. Mary, on condition of his future good conduct towards his stepmother, brothers, and sisters (will registered in P.C.C. 34, Cottle). Izacke was buried in the church of Ottery St. Mary, 18 March 1697–1698. By his wife Katherine he had, with other issue, a son, Samuel, who also became chamberlain of Exeter. He wrote: 1. ‘ ​ Antiquities of the City of Exeter,’ 8vo, London, 1677 (with different title-page, 1681). Other editions, ‘improved and continued’ by his son, Samuel Izacke, were issued in 1723, 1724, 1731, 1734, and 1741. The book is a careless compilation. 2. ‘An Alphabetical Register of divers Persons, who by their last Wills, Grants, … and other Deeds, &c., have given Tenements, Rents, Annuities, and Monies towards the Relief of the Poor of the County of Devon and City and County of Exon,’ 8vo, London, 1736, printed from the original manuscript by Samuel Izacke, the author's grandson. It was reprinted with another title, ‘Rights and Priviledges of the Freemen of Exeter,’ &c., 8vo, London, 1751 and 1757; and enlarged editions were published at Exeter, 1785, 4to, and 1820, 8vo.
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jack, Gilbert

​JACK, GILBERT, M.D. (1578?–1628), metaphysician and medical writer, born in Aberdeen about 1578, was son of Andrew Jack, merchant. After attending Aberdeen grammar school, he became a student in Marischal College. By the advice of Robert Howie, the principal, Jack proceeded to the continent, and studied first at the college of Helmstädt, and then at Herborn, where he graduated. Attracted by the high reputation of the newly founded university of Leyden, he enrolled himself a student on 25 May 1603 (Leyden Students, Index Soc., p. 53), and after acting as a private lecturer, he became in 1604 professor of philosophy. He at the same time diligently prosecuted his own studies, particularly in medicine, and proceeded M.D. in 1611. His inaugural dissertation, ‘De Epilepsia,’ was printed at Leyden during the same year. Jack was the first who taught metaphysics at Leyden, and his lectures gained him such celebrity that in 1621 he was offered the Whyte's professorship of moral philosophy at Oxford, then lately founded, but he declined it. He ​died at Leyden on 17 April 1628, leaving a widow and ten children. At his funeral on 21 April Professor Adolf Vorst pronounced an eloquent Latin oration. His portrait appears in vol. ii. of Freher's ‘Theatrum.’
Jack published:
* ‘Institutiones Physicæ,’ 12mo, Leyden, 1614; other editions, 1624, Amsterdam, 1644.
* ‘Primæ Philosophiæ Institutiones,’ 8vo, Leyden, 1616; other editions, 1628 and 1640, which he prepared at the suggestion of his friend Grotius.
* ‘Institutiones Medicæ,’ 12mo, Leyden, 1624; another edition, 1631.
[Paul Freher's Theatrum Virorum Eruditione Clarorum, 1688, ii. 1353; Vorst's Oratio Funebris; Icones ac Vitæ Professorum Lugd. Batav. 1617, pt. ii. pp. 29–30; Waller's Imperial Dict.; Evans's Cat. of Engraved Portraits, ii. 216; Granger's Biog. Hist. of England, 2nd edit., ii. 5; Anderson's Scottish Nation.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jack, William

​JACK, WILLIAM (1795–1822), botanist, was born at Aberdeen 29 Jan. 1795, and received his early education at that university. At sixteen years of age he graduated M.A., but an attack of scarlet fever prevented him from going to study medicine at Edinburgh. He came to London in October 1811, and passed his examination as surgeon in the next year. Having been appointed surgeon in the Bengal medical service, he left for his post on his eighteenth birthday. He went through the Nepal war in 1814–15, and after further service in other parts of India, he met Sir Stamford Raffles at Calcutta in 1818, and accompanied him to Sumatra to investigate the botany of the island. Broken down by fatigue and exposure, he embarked for the Cape, but died the day following (15 Sept. 1822). He published some papers on Malayan plants in the scarce ‘Malayan Miscellanies’ (two volumes printed in 1820–1 at Bencoolen), and these were reprinted by Sir W. J. Hooker thirteen years later. Jack's name is commemorated in the genus Jackia, Wallich.
[Hooker's Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 122; Hooker and Thomson's Flora Indica, i. 48.]
B. D. J.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jackson, Abraham

​JACKSON, ABRAHAM (1589–1646?), divine, born in 1589, was son of a Devonshire clergyman. He matriculated at Oxford from Exeter College on 4 Dec. 1607 (Oxf. Univ. Reg., Oxf. Hist. Soc., vol. ii. pt. ii. p. 299); graduated B.A. in 1611; became chaplain to the Lords Harington of Exton, Rutland; and proceeded M.A. when chaplain of Christ Church in 1616 (ib. vol. ii. pt. iii. p. 303). In 1618 he was lecturer at Chelsea, Middlesex. On 18 Sept. 1640 he was admitted prebendary of Peterborough (Le Neve, Fasti, ed. Hardy, ii. 546), and apparently died in 1645–6.
Jackson wrote: 1. ‘Sorrowes Lenitive; an Elegy on the Death of John, Lord Harrington,’ 8vo, London, 1614. In dedicating it to Lucy, countess of Bedford, and Lady Anne Harington, Jackson observes that he has addressed them before in a similar work. 2. ‘God's Call for Man's Heart,’ 8vo, London, 1618. 3. ‘The Pious Prentice … wherein is declared how they that intend to be Prentices may rightly enter into that calling, faithfully abide in it,’ &c., 12mo, London, 1640.
[Wood's Athenæ Oxon. ed. Bliss, ii. 267–8; Bodleian Libr. Cat.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jackson, Arthur Herbert

​JACKSON, ARTHUR HERBERT (1852–1881), composer, born in 1852, was a student from 1872 of the Royal Academy of Music, where he won among other honours the Lucas medal for composition, and was elected in 1878 a professor of harmony and composition. During his short life Jackson accomplished work of a high order of merit. He died, aged 29, on 27 Sept. 1881.
His manuscript orchestral compositions were: ‘Andante and Allegro Giocoso,’ published for the piano, 1881; overture to the ‘Bride of Abydos;’ ‘Intermezzo;’ concerto for pianoforte and orchestra (played by Miss Agnes Zimmermann at the Philharmonic Society's concert, 30 June 1880, the pianoforte part published in the same year); violin concerto in E, played by Sainton at Cowen's orchestral concert, 4 Dec. 1880. For the pianoforte he published: ‘Toccata,’ 1874; ‘March’ and ‘Waltz,’ Brighton, 1878; ‘In a boat,’ barcarolle, ‘Elaine,’ 1879; ‘Andante con variazione,’ 1880; ‘Capriccio;’ ‘Gavotte’ and ‘Musette,’ and ‘Song of the Stream,’ Brighton, 1880; three ‘Humorous Sketches,’ 1880; and fugue in E, both for four hands; three ‘Danses Grotesques,’ 1881. His vocal pieces are: manuscript, two masses for male voices; ‘Magnificat;’ cantata, ‘Jason,’ ‘The Siren's Song,’ for female voices, harp, violin, and pianoforte, published 1885; ‘'Twas when the seas were roaring,’ four-part song, 1882; ‘O Nightingale,’ duet; and songs: ‘Lullaby,’ ‘Who knows?’ ‘I meet thee, love, again’ (1879), ‘Pretty little Maid,’ ‘The Lost Boat.’
[Musical Times, xxii. 581; Brown's Biographical Dictionary, p. 342; Athenæum, 1880, p. 27.]
L. M. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jack, Alexander

​JACK, ALEXANDER (1805–1857), brigadier, a victim of the Cawnpore massacre, was grandson of William Jack, minister of Northmavine, Shetland. His father, the Rev. William Jack (d. 9 Feb. 1854) (M.D. Edinburgh), was sub-principal of University and King's colleges, Aberdeen, 1800–15, and principal 1815–54. Principal Jack married in 1794 Grace, daughter of Andrew Bolt of Lerwick, Shetland, by whom he had six children. Alexander, one of four sons, was born on 19 Oct. 1805, was a student in mathematics and philosophy at King's College, Aberdeen, in 1820–2, and is remembered by a surviving class-fellow as a tall, handsome, soldierly young man. He obtained a Bengal cadetship in 1823, was appointed ensign in the (late) 30th Bengal native infantry 23 May 1824, and became lieutenant in the regiment 30 Aug. 1825, captain 2 Dec. 1832, and major and brevet-lieutenant-colonel 19 June 1846. He was present with his battalion at the battle of Aliwal (medal), and acted as brigadier of the force sent against the town and fort of Kangra in the Punjab, when he received great credit for his extraordinary exertions in bringing up his 18-pounder guns, which he had been recommended to leave behind. The march was said ‘to reflect everlasting credit on the Bengal artillery’ (Buckle, Hist. of the Bengal Art. p. 520). Some views of the place taken by Jack were published under the title ‘Six Sketches of Kot-Kangra, drawn on the spot’ (London, 1847, fol.). Jack was in command of his battalion in the second Sikh war, including the battles of Chillianwalla and Goojerat (medal and clasps and C.B.) He was promoted to lieutenant-colonel in the (late) 34th Bengal native infantry 18 Dec. 1851. He became colonel 20 June 1854, and on 18 July 1856 was appointed brigadier at Cawnpore, the headquarters of Sir Hugh Wheeler's division of the Bengal army. On 7 June 1857 the mutiny broke out at Cawnpore. Wheeler maintained his position in an entrenched camp till the 27th, when an attempted evacuation was made in accordance with an arrangement entered into with Nana Sahib. After the troops had embarked in boats for Allahabad, the mutineers treacherously shot down Jack and all the Englishmen except four. During the previous defence of the lines a brother, Andrew William Thomas Jack, who was on a visit from Australia, had his leg shattered, and succumbed under amputation.
[Information supplied through the courtesy of the registrar of Aberdeen University; East Indian Registers and Army Lists; Buckle's Hist. of the Bengal Art. ed. Kaye, London, 1852; Kaye's Hist. of the Indian Mutiny, ed. (1888–9) Malleson, ii. 217–68; Mowbray Thomson's Story of Cawnpore, London, 1859; Gent. Mag. 3rd ser. iii. 565.]
H. M. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jack, Thomas

​JACK, THOMAS (d. 1598), Scottish schoolmaster, was appointed minister of Rutherglen in the presbytery of Glasgow, in 1567, and subsequently became master of Glasgow grammar school. In 1570 he was presented by James VI to the vicarage of Eastwood in the presbytery of Paisley, and in August 1574 resigned his mastership. In 1577 his name occurs as quæstor of Glasgow University, along with the record of his gift of the works of St. Ambrose and St. Gregory to the university. In 1582 he was an opponent of the appointment of Robert Montgomery as archbishop of Glasgow, and from 1581 to 1590 he was thrice member of the general assemblies, and in 1589 a commissioner for the preservation of the true religion. He was imprisoned before 1591 with Dalgleish, Patrick Melville, and others. He died in 1598. His widow, Euphemia Wylie, survived till 1608, and a daughter, Elizabeth, became the wife of Patrick Sharpe, principal of Glasgow University. While master of Glasgow grammar school, Jack began a dictionary in Latin hexameter verse of proper names occurring in the classics. Andrew Melville encouraged and helped him; and he tells us that when he called on George Buchanan at Stirling, the great man interrupted his history of Scotland, the sheets of which were lying on the table, to correct Jack's book with his own hand. Robert Pont, Hadrian Damman, and other scholars also gave their aid. The dictionary, a work of considerable scholarship, was finally published as ‘Onomasticon Poeticum, sive Propriorum quibus in suis Monumentis usi sunt veteres poetæ, brevis descriptio poetica, Thoma Iacchæo Caledonio Authore. Edinburgi excudebat Robertus Waldegrave,’ 1592, 4to.
[M'Crie's Life of Melville, 1824, i. 444, ii. 365, 478; Hew Scott's Fasti Ecclesiæ Scoticanæ, vol. ii. pt. i. pp. 78, 210; Chambers's Biog. Dict. of Eminent Scotsmen, 1869; Tanner's Bibl. Brit. p. 426; R. Baillie's Letters and Journals, iii. 403; Wodrow's Collections upon the Lives of the Reformers, &c., i. 179, 529.]
R. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jackman, Isaac

​JACKMAN, ISAAC (fl. 1795), journalist and dramatist, born about the middle of the eighteenth century in Dublin, practised as an attorney there. He ultimately removed to London and wrote for the stage. His ‘Milesian,’ a comic opera, on its production at Drury Lane on 20 March 1777, met with an indifferent reception (Biog. Dramat.; Genest, Engl. Stage, v. 554). It was published in 1777. ‘All the World's a Stage,’ a farce by Jackman in two acts and in prose, was first acted at Drury Lane, 7 April 1777, and was frequently revived. Genest (ib.) characterises it as an indifferent piece, which met with more success than it deserved. It was printed in 1777, and reprinted in Bell's ‘British Theatre’ and other collections. ‘The Divorce,’ ‘a moderate farce, well received,’ produced at Drury Lane 10 Nov. 1781, and afterwards twice revived, was printed in 1781 (ib. vi. 214). ‘Hero and Leander,’ a burletta by Jackman (in two acts, prose and verse), was produced ‘with the most distinguished applause,’ says the printed copy, at the Royalty Theatre, Goodman's Fields, in 1787. Jackman prefixed a long dedication to Phillips ​Glover of Wispington, Lincolnshire, in the shape of a letter on ‘Royal and Royalty Theatres,’ purporting to prove the illegality of the opposition of the existing theatres to one just opened by Palmer in Wellclose Square, Tower Hamlets. Jackman seems to be one of two young Irishmen who edited the ‘Morning Post’ for a few years between 1786 and 1795, and involved the printer and proprietor in several libel cases (Fox Bourne, Hist. of Newspapers; John Taylor, Record of my Life, ii. 268).
[Authorities in text; Webb's Irish Biography, quoting Dublin Univ. Mag.]
J. T-t.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jackson, Charles

​JACKSON, CHARLES (1809–1882), antiquary, was born 25 July 1809, and came of an old Yorkshire family long connected with Doncaster, where both his grandfather and his father filled the office of mayor. He was the third son of the large family of James Jackson, banker, by Henrietta Priscilla, second daughter of Freeman Bower of Bawtry. In 1829 he was admitted of Lincoln's Inn, and called to the bar there in 1834, but settled as a banker at Doncaster. He was treasurer of the borough from 1838, and trustee of numerous institutions, taking a chief share in establishing the Doncaster free library. He suffered severe losses by the failure of Overend, Gurney, & Co. Jackson died at Doncaster 1 Dec. 1882. By his marriage with a daughter of Hugh Parker of Woodthorpe, Yorkshire, he left four sons and four daughters.
For the Surtees Society Jackson edited, in 1870, the ‘Diary of Abraham de la Pryme, the Yorkshire Antiquary;’ in 1873 the ‘Autobiography of Mrs. A. Thornton,’ &c.; and in 1877 ‘Yorkshire Diaries and Autobiographies of the 17th and 18th Centuries.’ He was engaged at the time of his death in editing for the society a memoir of the Priestley family. Jackson also contributed to the ‘Yorkshire Archæological Journal’ a paper on Sir Robert Swift and a memoir of the Rev. Thomas Broughton, as well as papers on local muniments (abstracts of deeds in the possession of Mr. James Montagu of Melton-on-the-Hill) and on the Stovin MS. His chief work, however, was his ‘Doncaster Charities, Past and Present,’ which was not published until 1881 (Worksop, 4to), though it was written long before. To it a portrait is prefixed.
[Doncaster Chron. 8 Dec. 1882; Athenæum, 16 Dec. 1882; Times, 15 Dec. 1882; Notes and Queries, 6th ser. vi. 500.]
J. T-t.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Samuel, Edward

​SAMUEL, EDWARD (1674–1748), Welsh divine, son of Edward Samuel, was born in 1674 at Cwt y Defaid in the parish of Penmorfa, Carnarvonshire. His parents were poor, and he owed his education to the interest of Bishop Humphreys of Bangor, who was a native of the district. On 19 May 1693 he matriculated as a ‘pauper puer’ at Oriel College, Oxford. Taking orders, he became on 4 Nov. 1702 rector of Betws Gwerfyl Goch, Merionethshire, a position he exchanged on 12 Jan. 1721 for the rectory of Llangar in the same county. In 1732 the rectory of Llanddulas, Denbighshire, was also conferred upon him. He died on 8 April 1748, and was buried at Llangar. Two sons, Edward (1710–1762) and William (1713–1765), became clergymen. The latter was father of David Samwell [q. v.]
Samuel was a facile writer, both in Welsh verse and prose. His elegy to Huw Morris or Morus [q. v.] is printed in ‘Eos Ceiriog’ (i. 103–9); and ‘Blodeugerdd Cymru’ (1759) contains four carols and a lyrical piece written by him at various times from 1720 to 1744, all of which are marked by attachment to the church and the house of Hanover. Some of his Welsh poems are in Brit. Mus. MSS. Addit. 14961. He is, however, best known as a translator of religious books. He published in prose, besides sermons (1731 and 1766): 1. ‘Bucheddau'r Apostolion’ (‘Lives of the Apostles’), an original compilation, Shrewsbury, 1704. 2. ‘Gwirionedd y Grefydd Gristionogol,’ a translation of ‘De Veritate Religionis Christianæ,’ by Grotius, Shrewsbury, 1716; 2nd edit., London, n.d.; 3rd, Carmarthen, 1854. 3. ‘Holl Ddyledswydd Dyn’ (‘Whole Duty of Man’), with an appendix of prayers, Shrewsbury, 1718. 4. ‘Prif Ddledswyddau Christion,’ a translation of Beveridge's ‘Chief Duties of a Christian,’ first part in 1722, second in 1723, Shrewsbury; 2nd edit. of both, Chester, 1793. 5. ‘Athrawiaeth yr Eglwys,’ a translation of Nourse's ‘Devout Treatises,’ with Wake's ‘Family Prayers’ as a second part, Shrewsbury, 1731.
J. E. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Samuel, George

​SAMUEL, GEORGE (d. 1823?), landscape-painter, practised both in oils and watercolours, and was one of the most esteemed topographical draughtsmen of his day. He exhibited annually at the Royal Academy from 1786 to 1823, and also largely at the British Institution, his works being pleasing transcripts of the scenery of Cornwall, Westmoreland, and other picturesque parts of England. In 1789 Samuel painted a view of the Thames from Rotherhithe during the great frost, which attracted much attention; his view of Holland House was engraved in Angus's ‘Select Views of Seats,’ that of Windsor Castle in Pyne's ‘Royal Residences,’ and many others in the ‘Copperplate Magazine’ (1792) and Walker's ‘Itinerant’ (1799). He also made in 1799 the designs for the illustrations to ‘Grove Hill,’ a poem describing the seat of Dr. Lettsom by Thomas Maurice [q. v.] Samuel was a member of Girtin's sketching society in 1799, and one of the earliest workers in lithography. His death, which occurred in ​or soon after 1823, was caused by an old wall falling on him while he was sketching.
F. M. O'D.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Samson (d.1112)

​SAMSON (d. 1112), bishop of Worcester, born at Douvres near Caen, was the son of Osbert and Muriel, who were of noble lineage. Thomas (d. 1100) [q. v.], archbishop of York, was his brother. Samson was sent to study philosophy at Liège by Odo (d. 1097) [q. v.], bishop of Bayeux, and at Angers he was a pupil of Marbod, afterwards bishop of Rennes. From childhood he was befriended by William I, in whose chapel he was clerk. In 1073 William offered him the bishopric of Le Mans, but he refused it on the ground that his character was not irreproachable (Ord. Vit. iv. 11). In 1082 he was treasurer of the church of Bayeux (Beziers, p. 217), of which he was also a canon (Gesta Pontiff. p. 289; some manuscripts say he was dean). On 8 June 1096 he was consecrated bishop of Worcester at St. Paul's, London, Anselm and his brother Thomas officiating. He was admitted to priest's orders at Lambeth on the preceding day. On 15 July 1100 he assisted at the dedication of Gloucester abbey-church, and in 1102 was present at a council held by Anselm at Westminster. Samson was married before he took orders, and in 1109 he was required to take part against his son Thomas (d. 1114) [q. v.], archbishop of York, who refused obedience to Anselm. He made rich grants to the prior and monks of Worcester, and brought ornaments for the church from London; but he offended the whole monastic order by removing the monks from Westbury, putting secular canons in their place.
Samson corresponded with Anselm, Ivo of Chartres, and Marbod of Rennes. His son Richard became bishop of Bayeux (1108–1133), and his daughter, Isabella de Douvre, is said to have been mistress of Robert, earl of Gloucester (d. 1147) [q. v.] He died at Westbury on 5 May 1112, and was buried in Worcester Cathedral, at the bottom of the steps going up into the choir. William of Malmesbury describes him as gluttonous but charitable.
M. B.