# The New York Times/1916/11/22/Page 1

* THE WEATHER.
* Fair today; Thursday increasingly cloudy, warmer; east winds. ☞ For full weather report see Page 23.
| VOL. LXVI. . .No. 21,487 | NEW YORK, NOVEMBER 22, 1916, WEDNESDAY.—TWENTY-FOUR PAGES. | ONE CENT In Greater New York, Jersey City, and Newark. Elsewhere, TWO CENTS. |
POPE PREPARES NEW PEACE PLEA AS FINAL EFFORT
Pontiff’s Allocution on Dec. 4 Will Avoid Polish and Belgian Questions.
HARDEN ARRAIGNS TEUTONS
Calls Their Talk of Ending War Insincere Unless Their Aims Are Changed.
LONDON'S VIEW OF ‘COSMOS’
Any Move to End the War Now Vehemently Denounced—Don't Believe President Will Try.
ROME, Nov. 21.—The Pope is working daily with Cardinal Gasparri on an allocution which he will deliver in a secret consistory on Dec. 4. This allocution will be one of the most important documents issued by the Papacy since the beginning of the war. The Pope consulted on the subject also Cardinals Delai, Falconio, Vannutelli, and Serafini.
The allocution will show, it is said, the perfect impartiality of the Holy See, which desired altogether to prevent the war, but, having failed, used all means at its disposal to shorten the conflict, meanwhile making arrangements to alleviate the sufferings caused by the war without any distinction of nationality or creed of the belligerents. The allocution, it is reported, will make another desperate appeal in favor of peace, inviting the faithful throughout the world to continue their prayers with that as the object.
The discussion with the Cardinals dealt with the extent of the allocution, whether to include passages concerning the autonomy of Poland, the deportation of Belgians, and efforts made toward the conclusion of peace by several neutral States, especially by President Wilson and King Alfonso, but so far it seems the opinion prevailed not to enter into particulars for fear of compromising the supreme interests.
According to the Vatican reports, among the innumerable messages of greeting received by the Pope today on the occasion of his birthday this year, those wishing success for his action in favor of peace are almost three times as numerous as last year.
INSINCERE, SAYS HARDEN.
Urges Germans to Put Government into People’s Hands.
LONDON, Wednesday, Nov. 22.—The Amsterdam correspondent of The London Times writes that in a new article in Die Zukunft Maximilian Harden condemns German efforts to provoke peace discussion as insincere and useless.
He argues that for Germany to say “we do not want annexation,” but to reject the independence of every State is meaningless, because annexation nowadays is possible in forms not covered by the ordinarily accepted meaning of the word, and under the appearance of independence a State may, nevertheless, be handed over to the power of its stronger neighbor. Moreover, the statement that Germany fears no tribunal of inquiry does not mean that Germany is willing to submit her case to an impartial jury for trial of all causes of the war.
Harden urges Germany to understand the real objects of the Entente and say that they are the first to bring Germany into line with the political system of Western Europe and to end what the Entente powers certainly consider to be a survival in Germany of bellicose feudalism; secondly, to introduce into Germany parliamentary government, so that the people shall really have something to say in the policy of the country; thirdly, the establishment as the central idea of German preparations of the determination to keep the peace and not, as hitherto, the determination to be ready for war; fourthly, to restrict armaments in proportion to the population, and fifthly, to establish real international arbitration based upon such guarantees as will insure the punishment of the rebellious.
Harden indicates that an offer to endeavor to fulfill these conditions would find a fruitful response before Christmas. Meanwhile he prides himself that the German preparations for a Spring campaign are following the lines which he recommended “immediately after the disaster of the Marne and Kitchener’s sober three-year prophecy.”
LONDON’S COMMENTS ON ‘COSMOS’ ARTICLES
Called “A New Peace Kite”—Asquith’s Guildhall Declaration Still Stands.
LONDON, Nov. 21.—A summary of the first “Cosmos” article in The New York Times was published in this morning's Times and Daily Mail. The subject is not mentioned in any other morning paper.
The Times displays a dispatch from its Washington correspondent, giving the summary prominently under the headlines, “The Peace Kite, No Allied Breeze to Carry It—New York Suggestions.” The headlines are followed by an italicized paragraph saying:
“In courtesty to The New York Times and in recognition of the natural desire for peace entertained by a respectable body of opinion in the United States, we publish the following dispatch. The British reply is still contained in Premier Asquith’s Guild Hall declaration: ‘We shall never sheathe the sword, which we have not lightly drawn, until Belgium recovers in full measure all and more than all that she has sacrificed, until France is adequately secured against the menace of aggression, until the rights of the smaller nationalities of Europe are placed upon an unassailable foundation, and until the military domination of Prussia is wholly and finally destroyed.’”
The London Times’s Washington correspondent in the course of his dispatch says:
“There can be no doubt, as already indicated in this correspondence, that the drawn war theory is gaining ground here. The theory is not based upon any
Continued on Page 4.
REPORTS 8 SHIPS SUNK BY U-BOAT IN CHANNEL
BERLIN, Nov. 21, (via London.)—A German submarine sank, in the English Channel, Nov. 14, a French guard vessel and seven merchantmen, one of them a Norwegian, according to an official communication issued today. The communication says:
   One of our submarines in the English Channel on the 14th sank a French guard vessel, apparently a torpedo-boat destroyer of the Arc or Sabre class, and besides six enemy merchantmen. The same U-boat sank the Norwegian steamer Ullvang, which was carrying war material for the French Government.
LONDON, Nov. 21.—This communication was issued by the British Admiralty tonight in connection with the Berlin report of the sinking of a French guard vessel:
“The British Admiralty states on authority of the French Ministry of Marine that no French war vessel was sunk on the 14th in the English Channel.”
GERMAN AUTHORITIES UNCIVIL TO U. S. CONSUL
AMSTERDAM, Nov. 21, (via London.)—Dominic I. Murphy, American Consul General at Sofia, Bulgaria, reached here today after a journey through Germany from Stockholm, whither he went recently with his wife to visit their daughter.
Despite the fact that Mr. Murphy had a special pass from the German Legation at The Hague, it is stated that the German authorities at Warnemunde treated the couple with incivility on their way to Stockholm and again on their return, notwithstanding the intervention of Dr. Maurice F. Egan, the American Minister to Denmark, and also of the German Minister to Stockholm, who had assured Mr. Murphy that the treatment accorded him and his wife would not be repeated.
Mr. Murphy will leave here for Sofia on Wednesday.
ALL ON SIBIRIA SAVED FROM GOODWIN SANDS
DOVER, England, Nov. 21.—The passengers and crew—fifty-three in all—of the American steamer Sibiria, standed on the Goodwin Sands, were landed at Deal today by the Kingsdown lifeboat.
They had a distressing experience during the twenty-four hours they were on the steamer awaiting assistance, in momentary peril of the vessel being engulfed in the treacherous quicksands.
Fruitless efforts were made yesterday by lifeboats from neighboring stations to rescue the passengers. Several men of the lifeboat crews were injured and the boats narrowly escaped destruction.
The Sibiria is still aground.
A violent southeasterly gale drove the ship on the sands, near the spot where the Italian steamship Val Salice, whose crew was rescued yesterday, grounded. Attempts were made all day yesterday by the Deal and Ramsgate lifeboats to rescue those on the Sibiria who were huddled together on the bridge. Two lifeboats were driven back badly damaged.
Last evening volunteers were called for to man the South Downs boat, the only one remaining intact. A British patrol boat towed the lifeboat as near as possible to the Sibiria. The searchlights of the patrol boat were fixed on the stranded ship, showing that all but the bridge had disappeared. While trying to get alongside the steamship the lifeboat was thrown on its side by the heavy sea and filled with water, but righted itself. The fight continued until the rescue was effected.
The lifeboat was again taken in tow by the patrol boat, which brought her to the Downs.
ARCHANGEL EXPLOSION KILLED 341; HURT 667
PETROGRAD, Nov. 21, (via London.)—It is announced officially that 341 persons have been killed and 667 wounded by an explosion at Bakaritza. The statement follows:
“According to supplementary information, the number of persons killed by the explosion at Bakaritza was found, after clearing the debris of masonry, to be 341, while the number of persons injured, according to reports received from hospitals, amounts to 49 officers and officials, 437 soldiers, 131 civilians, and 25 women. Of the crews of British merchant ships, 27 were killed and 25 injured.
“The large number of victims is explained by the fact that the explosion occurred during the dinner hour, when the men were resting in huts wrecked by the explosion.”
LONDON, Nov. 21.—A Reuter's dispatch from Petrograd says it is authoritatively announced that only two vessels were destroyed in the recent explosion in the harbor of Bakaritza, near Archangel. These were the British steamer Baron Driesen and the British coal steamer Earl of Forfar, moored beside the Baron Driesen. Russian authorities make a categorical denial of the German report that seven munition-laden ships were destroyed, and the Russian Admiralty declares that the German report, attributing the first explosion on board the Baron Driesen to a submarine, is absurd, adding that German submarines cannot possibly penetrate to Bakaritza harbor.
BERLIN, Nov. 21, (by Wireless to Sayville.)—Reports received from Swedish sources say that at least twenty steamers caught fire in the recent series of explosions near Archangel and were forced to stay in the harbor until it was ice-bound, says the Overseas News Agency. According to these reports it is estimated that ammunition valued at 80,000,000 rubles, ($40,000,000;) 20,000 bales of cotton belonging to the Moscow Association of Cotton Mills, and 15,000,000 rubles, ($7,500,000,) worth of rubber were burned. A new automobile train, for Petrograd and Moscow, is reported to have been partly destroyed.
U. S. STEEL RAISES WAGES $28,000,000 FOR 260,000 MEN
Grants to Employees Third Rise of Year, Making Total Advance 33%.
$9 A MONTH MORE TO ALL
Action Announced by Chairman Gary Is Taken to Meet High Cost of Living.
CLERICAL FORCES TO SHARE
To meet the increased cost of living the United States Steel Corporation decided yesterday to increase the wages of its employes at steel-works and blast furnaces 10 per cent., with a proportionate advance in case of workers in the mines and transportation companies. This is the third increase made this year for a total of 33 per cent. over the wages in force Jan. 1. After the weekly meeting of the Finance Committee, Chairman E. H. Gary issued this statement:
“Ordinarily the question of wages would not come up for consideration or decision at this time of the year, but in consequence of the abnormal conditions now existing it has been decided to increase the wage rates of our iron and steel companies about 10 per cent., to take effect Dec. 15. As to other departments, increases will be equitably proportioned.
“The clerical forces in the various offices of subsidiary companies are expected to share in the upturn. All told about 200,000 men are employed by the corporation, and the average monthly wage, when the increase is in application, will be nearly 33%. The increase in dollars will approximate $9 a month, basing calculations on the official wage records of the corporation which showed the average monthly pay of the men to be close to $90 when the second advance of the year became effective on May 1. If the increase amounts to 10 per cent. in case of all the men, the corporation’s payroll will be increased by the latest advance about $28,000,000 a year.
“It is estimated that 175,000 laborers are employed at the blast furnaces and steel mills, whose average wage last January was $2 a day. After Dec. 15 they will get $2.84 a day. Figuring 300 working days to the year, the corporation will pay to the day laborers on its payroll in the neighborhood of $141,000,000 a year on the new basis, compared with $90,000,000 being distributed annually at the January rate to the 150,000 laborers then employed.
“In this table is presented the monthly record of employes and payroll for the first half of this year and the average number of employes and total payroll in the five preceding years:
| 1916. | Employes. | Payroll. |
| January | 232,340 | $17,982,866 |
| February | 240,195 | 19,438,000 |
| March | 247,043 | 21,167,123 |
| April | 244,439 | 19,830,414 |
| May | 258,773 | 23,372,153 |
| June | 258,268 | 22,978,408 |
| Total Wages for 6 months$124,789,298 |||
Wages for Last Five Years. :
| 1915 | 191,126 | $176,800,803 |
| 1914 | 179,353 | 162,379,906 |
| 1913 | 228,906 | 207,206,176 |
| 1912 | 221,023 | 189,351,601 |
| 1911 | 196,588 | 161,419,931 |
It is expected that the Republic Iron and Steel Company, the Lackawanna, the Cambria, and other big producers of iron and steel will put the same advance into operation. They followed the lead of the Steel Corporation when the other increases were voted last January and April.
While wages have advanced 33 per cent., the prices for steel products have risen this year from 200 to 600 per cent.
In voting the two previous wage increases, the Finance Committee of the Steel Corporation considered as one factor the rising cost of living throughout the country. Presumably the same item had influence in yesterday’s action.
PITTSBURGH, Nov. 21.—The increase in wages announced by the United States Steel Corporation affects five corporations and approximately 75,000 men in the Pittsburgh district, according to officials of the Carnegie Steel Company. The corporations are the Carnegie Steel Company, the National Tube Company, the American Bridge Company, the American Sheet and Tin plate Company, and the American Steel and Wire Company. By the increase ordinary laborers will be paid a minimum wage of 27½ cents an hour. Local independent steel manufacturers indicated tonight that a similar increase in wages would be granted their employes.
40,000 MILL HANDS GET WAGE INCREASE
BOSTON, Nov. 21.—A 10 per cent. wage increase in all the mills of the American Woolen Company, which employs 35,000 hands in New England and New York State, was announced at the headquarters of the company here tonight. At the same time the Arlington Mills, whose big cotton plant at Lawrence employs 5,000 hands, announced “a higher scale of wages,” the amount of which was not specified. It was believed that the new scale would be similar to that made public last night by the Cotton Manufacturer’s Association of New Bedford, granting their 33,000 employes a 10 per cent. raise.
Franklin W. H. Hobbs, President of the Arlington Mills, in announcing the new scale of his company, said:
“The increase is in accordance with the policy of the corporation to adapt its scale of wage to improved conditions of business, and keep it at least on a parity with the bast wage scale among its competitors in New England.”
ADAMS, Mass., Nov. 21.—Wage increases of 10 per cent., effective Dec. 4, were announced today by several cotton mills in this vicinity. Notices to this effect were posted by William B. Plunkett, who controls four mills in this town: W. C. Plunkett & Sons, Greylock Manufacturing Company, with mills at Greylock, Williamstown, and North Pownal, Vt., and the Hoosac Cotton Company of North Adams.
Several thousand operatives are affected. The promised increase will be the third of the calendar year, making the total advance 25 per cent.
Submarine Deutschland Sails in Daylight; Has $2,000,000 Cargo; Crowds View Start
NEW LONDON, Conn., Nov. 21—The German merchant submarine Deutschland left here suddenly at 2:30 o’clock this afternoon, and when last seen was far beyond Race Rock Light on her way to Bremerhaven.
On her previous return voyage, the submesrible stole away from Baltimore under the cover of night, but today, for some inscrutable reason, Captain Paul Koenig took his vessel out in sunshiny mid-afternoon when any allied warship on watch could discern the low craft.
The boldness of Koenig’s second venture is generally accounted for by the fact that once out of the Thames River and past Race Rock Light, there was deep water on all sides, so that an enemy cruiser apparently had slight chance to get him. When he passed out the Virginia Capes on his first trip back to Germany his emerging point was to some extent localized.
The tug Alert and the steam fishing vessel Frank E. Beckwith, chartered by the T. A. Scott Company, convoyed the submarine as far as the light. Both of them kept astern of her, making a repetition of the fatal accident of last Friday morning, when she sank a tug, causing the drowning of five of the crew, impossible. On the deck of the Beckwith, huge megaphone in hand, stood Captain Frederick Hinsch, shore superintendent for the Eastern Forwarding Company, the American agents for the Deutschland's owners.
Though the manifest of the ship’s cargo has not been made public, it is fairly well established that she carries nearly a thousand tons of crude rubber, nickel, crude tin, and “iron alloy,” estimated to be worth $2,000,000. She also has seven pouches filled with mail, brought here by members of the German Embassy at Washington.
The Deutschland apparently was ready to sail late last night or early this morning, but for some unknown reason plans were changed. Two tugs had steam up all night ready to act as convoys, but finally they were dismissed at 2:30 o’clock this morning. During the forenoon there was unusual activity on the State pier and on board the Willehad, the submersible’s mother ship.
The Alert and the Frank Beckwith went up the harbor to the pier at 2 o’clock. Fifteen minutes later the steel net guarding the pocket was hauled up and the pontoon bearing a fence fifteen feet high was pulled to one side. When the Deutschland was ready to start the waterfront was lined with spectators, housetops were crowded, and there was a rush for ferryboats and small craft.
The great whaleback poked her stern out into the river, her convoy keeping respectful distance. Then she swung her nose slowly down stream, turning almost in her own length, and slid away. The ferryboat Governor Winthrop stopped to give her passengers a good look, several tugs edged near, the decks of a couple of Government transports became alive with watchers, and from the side of the United States naval cruiser Columbia a small launch loaded with officers shot out into the river.
In the conning tower of the submarine were Captain Koenig and Chief Officer Kraohl, while the twenty-seven others of her ship’s company posed about her clean, cleared decks. She carried no pilot. Her telescoped masts were snug in their grooves in the deck floor, her wireless aerials had not been strung up, and it was evident it needed but the command “diving stations” and the touch of a lever or two to send her quickly below the surface.
So artfully had the Deutschland been repainted that she blended amazingly with her surroundings. The whole of her had been colored a wave green at least as far as the water line, and she melted into sky and sea at a startlingly short distance.
The submarine rounded Race Rock at 3:45 o’clock and headed for the sea, apparently intending to pass east of Block Island not far from No Man's Land off Martha’s Vineyard. Before dark she was beyond the three-mile limit and there was activity about her decks that indicated that her masts were about to be raised, her wireless strung, and her running lights illuminated, unless she decided to submerge.
RUSH 8-HOUR CASE AS LABOR PREPARES
Government Attorney Springs a Surprise by Forcing Action at Kansas City.
EXPECT DECISION TODAY
Industrial Armies Practically Join Forces at Baltimore Convention—Gompers Warns Men of Wealth.
WASHINGTON, Nov. 21.—There was swift manoeuvring today by all concerned in the fight on the Adamson eight-hour law.
In speeches made before the Federation of Labor convention in Baltimore by the chiefs of the four railway brotherhoods and Samuel Gompers, President of the federation, sentiments were expressed which are regarded here as confirming the impression produced by events of the last few days that the greatest battle between capital and labor is imminent.
United effort on the part of organized labor in the country to obtain a universal eight-hour day seems to be the certain outcome of the working agreement reached here on Sunday between the brotherhoods and the Federation of Labor and of the statements made in the convention today by the leaders of both bodies.
The Government forces sprang a surprise in Kansas City today when they urged haste in the injunction proceedings against the eight-hour law brought by the receivers of the Missouri, Oklahoma & Gulf Railroad. Judge Hook, it is intimated, may hand down a decision today. In Kansas City it is believed that this will be the test case on which the law will get before the Supreme Court.
Confer with Attorney General.
The interest of the Government and the railroads in getting a quick decision from the Supreme Court was shown tonight by a conference at the Department of Justice, in which the participants were Attorney General Gregory, Solicitor General Davis, and representatives of the New York Central, the Pennsylvania, and the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroads. The conference was entirely informal, and afterward the Attorney General said that no conclusions were reached and no recommendations made.
It is understood, however, that the test case matter was discussed, and there were hints that the Missouri, Oklahoma & Gulf case might not be the one finally selected for advancement to the Supreme Court, despite the statements of the Government’s counsel. Indeed, Department of Justice officials caused some confusion tonight by saying that no decision to expedite any of the pending cases had been reached. Mr. Gregory said that no one knew which of the cases would be selected. In view of the fact that the Government has employed a special attorney and has sent two officers of the Department of Justice to appear on Thursday at Kansas City in the hearing of the suit filed there by the Union Pacific and Santa Fe it had all along been supposed that the Government would be inclined to agree that this case should afford the test.
President to Renew Recommendations.
Because of the renewed seriousness of the dispute over the Adamson act, President Wilson has made recommendations for railroad legislation the principal part of his next address to Congress, which he completed late today. These recommendations, it became known definitely tonight, will be practically the same as those made to Congress last August when the Adamson bill was enacted. The question was discussed at today's Cabinet meeting.
It was learned today that the President has been strongly but vainly urged to recommend to Congress legislation authorizing the Interstate Commerce Commission to fix wages paid on railroads. In addition to the proposals made last Summer for enlargement of the commission, enforced investigation of disputes before strikes or lockouts, and authorization to the commission to consider wages in fixing freight rates, the President is understood to have de-
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MEXICANS SHOCKED AT FINAL PROPOSAL
Cabrera Especially Perturbed Over the American Terms of Settlement.
DEFINITE ACTION DELAYED
Right to Pursue Raiders Over Border and Conditional Troop Recall Outlined.
ATLANTIC CITY, N. J., Nov. 21.—The American members of the joint commission today laid before the Mexican section a memorandum embodying the final proposals of the United States for settlement of the international difficulties arising out of the frequent raids along the border. The memorandum contained also suggestions for decided reforms in the internal affairs of the southern republic which, in the minds of the Commissioners, are calculated to make the recurrence of difficulties less likely.
Everything indicated tonight that the proposals of the American section and the manner in which they were presented took the Mexicans completely by surprise, and they had not yet recovered their composure tonight. Mr. Pani and Mr. Bonillas seemed less perturbed than Mr. Cabrera, who for the first time since the commission convened lost his presence of mind, if not his temper. He left for Philadelphia tonight in something very much resembling a fit of offended pride.
Hope that the Mexican question might be settled within the next few days vanished when Dr. John R. Mott of the American section left for Cleveland, Ohio, to attend a Y. M. C. A. convention, with the intention of being away until Thursday night. It was stated officially that his absence would not stop the work of the commission, as his colleagues were fully conversant with his attitude and opinions, and would be able to deal with anything which might come up in the way of questions from the Mexican side. It was evident, however, that no definite action was expected until he returned.
Cabrera Angry at Press.
Mr. Cabrera sent Mr. Rojo, Secretary of the Mexican section, from the Mexican offices to tell reporters that he already had left for Philadelphia. His appearance in the hall a few minutes later did not surprise the newspaper men, who promptly asked for some statement on the developments of the day. He refused to talk, and left hurriendly, with a few caustic remarks about newspapers.
The American Commissioners at the morning session presented a partial memorandum covering the question of the withdrawal of the American expeditionary column from Mexico. The commission expressed its willingness to recommend the withdrawal at the end of ninety days provided the absence of revolutionary activity in the territory now occupied by the column and contiguous to the international line showed that this could be done with safety. It is known that the Mexicans have objected to this on the ground that they did not consider it a fair test of the ability of the Mexican Government to handle the situation in the north.
The question of a border patrol was dismissed with a reiteration of existing international usage, which leaves each nation to protect its own territory. It is understood that the United States maintained its right to send the present expeditionary column into Mexico and reserved the right to repeat the operation without limitation should occasion demand.
Several efforts have been made by the Mexicans to obtain from their associates a statement that the expeditionary column had no right to be in Mexico and that there would be no repetition of this method of procedure except in accord with such stipulations as might be agreed upon by the Commissioners.
Counterproposals Made.
The morning session adjourned to enable the Mexican Commissioners to recover from the shock and to talk over the new proposal among themselves. Mr. Cabrera was violent in his insistence that a demand be made for material changes in this plan before it was discussed, but his colleagues were finally successful in persuading him to
Continued on Page 6.
VON JAGOW GIVES UP HIS PORTFOLIO
Kaiser's Foreign Minister Resigns, Giving Continued Illness as the Reason.
POST FOR ZIMMERMANN
AMSTERDAM, Nov. 21, (via London.)—Gottlieb von Jagow, the German Minister of Foreign Affairs, has resigned, according to a Berlin dispatch. The condition of his health is given as the cause of his resignation.
Dr. Alfred Zimmermann, Under Secretary of Foreign Affairs, the dispatch adds, probably will succeed Herr von Jagow.
The Tageblatt prints a rumor that Herr von Jagow will become Ambassador at Vienna.
Herr von Jagow, the retiring Imperial Secretary of Foreign Affairs, and Herr Zimmermann, the Under Secretary of State, who may succeed him, figured large in the British and German White Papers, published for the first time by The New York Times in the Fall of 1914. Since then the former has signed most of the notes sent to Washington in regard to the U-boat controversy.
It also fell to his lot to conduct the negotiations with Sir Edward Goschen, the British Ambassador, which terminated in Great Britain’s declaration of war. Von Jagow was known to have worked hard for a British-German alliance.
Although von Jagow bears no title his family has been noble since the eleventh century. He was Ambassador at Rome when he was made Secretary of State in January, 1914.
Herr Zimmermann saw Sir Edward Goschen after the memorable interview with the Imperial Chancellor, Dr. von Bethmann Hollweg, in which the latter had characterized the Belgian neutrality treaty as “a scrap of paper,” and it was he who said that Germany’s failure to reply to the British ultimatum was, “in fact, a declaration of war.”
Herr Zimmermann, aside from explaining to American interviewers many times that Germany's U-boat campaign was conducted within the law, has been chiefly occupied with the cases of Sweden and Norway—particularly with the latter, which forbade U-boats to provision at her ports so long as her ships were sunk. Zimmermann, however, has always contended that armed merchant vessels should be treated as warships.
Captain Angelo Sturlese of the Italian liner Dante Alighieri, which arrived yesterday from Genoa, told of an interesting wireless message he had picked up on the eastward voyage, which was sent by Commandant Hans Rose of the submarine U-53 to the German Ambassador. The Captain said that he left New York on Sunday, Oct. 8, about four hours after the West Point had been sunk off Nantucket Lightship, and took a zigzag course southward.
“At two o’clock on Monday morning,” Captain Sturlese continued, “the chief operator picked up a message from the U-53, calling Siasconsett station. No answer was received, and after repeating it three times the German submarine flashed this message broadcast in the hope that it would be picked up by some friendly ship and forwarded to Washington:
   “Count von Bernstorff, German Ambassador, Washington: “Have sunk several merchant steamships today. Am looking for nine more vessels. “COMMANDANT U-53.”
Captain Sturlese said that he zigzagged for five days after leaving New York, but did not see or hear anything more of any German submarine.
CRAIOVA TAKEN BY FALKENHAYN
Swift Success of Teutons Puts Rumanian Army in Wallachia in a Critical Position.
ORSOVA NOW IN DANGER
LONDON, Nov. 22.—The Occupation of the Rumanian town of Craiova was reported by the German Official Headquarters bulletin last night.
This has not yet been confirmed from the Entente side, but the fact that no Rumanian official report has been issued since Sunday leaves little reason to doubt its correctness.
The official reports from both German and Russian Headquarters the last two days had prepared the public for this news of the success of the Central Powers’ thrust at Rumania, but it had been hoped that Russia, which was known to be sending reinforcements into Rumania as fast as possible, might be in time to avert the blow. According to information in Rumanian quarters in London, the Entente Allies had made provisions so that the huge stores of grain in Craiova should not fall into enemy hands.
Craiova is in the centre of a great grain district on the edge of the Wallachian Plain, and is an important railway junction. Its possession by the Central Powers cuts the railway communications of the Rumanian armies holding the Orsova region to the west. As the lines from Tirgujiuliz, south of the Vulcan Pass, and from the Danube frontier, opposite Vidin, pass through Craiova, the position of the Rumanian forces in Orsova is now extremely critical, and they may be compelled to evacuate the Orsova region, the holding of which has up to the present barred the Teutonic Allies from the use of the Danube.
The swiftness with which von Falkenhayn struck his blow has caused surprise here, as today’s Russian official communication reports the Rumanian retreat as having only reached Filliash, about twenty miles northwest of Craiova.
Some anxiety is felt that nothing has been heard of the German Field Marshal von Mackensen’s operations in Dobrudja for some time, and it is suggested that his recent retreat may have been a deliberate move to conceal the assemblage of big forces for a possible crossing of the Danube opposite to where General von Falkenhayn is fighting, in which case he might be expected to be heard of at Nikipoli or further west at Rahova.
The London morning papers show no disposition to underestimate the gravity of the situation in Rumania.
The Daily Chronicle says:
“More alarming than the fall of Craiova is the speed with which it was reached and captured. This points to an out-manoeuvring of the western Rumanian defensive under which the latter temporarily and locally has suffered complete collapse. It is scarcely likely that the Allies can prevent the southwestern corner of Wallachia from passing under German control.
The Daily News says:
“It seems certain that Western Wallachia is lost for the time being. Orsova, if garrisoned, may hold out for a long time, but the fate of isolated fortresses when attacked with modern artillery has not been encouraging in this war. Fortunately the chances of assistance from Field Marshal von Mackensen have been diminished by the fall of Monastir, and the allied activities thereabout must prove the greatest embarressment to the enemy, already hard pressed for men.”
A Petrograd dispatch to The Daily News says:
“The German advance at the worst only allow him to occupy a narrow strip of Western Rumania. An advance
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EMPEROR FRANCIS JOSEPH IS DEAD AFTER 68 YEARS ON AUSTRIA’S THRONE; CARL FRANCIS JOSEPH IS NOW EMPEROR
AGED RULER STRONG TO END
Refused to Obey Orders of Physicians and Gave Audiences Daily.
WAS UP ALL DAY MONDAY
But Is Reported to Have Received the Last Sacraments on Saturday.
REIGN FULL OF TROUBLE
LONDON, Wednesday, Nov. 22.—Emperor Francis Joseph died last night at 9 o’clock at Schönbrunn Castle, according to a Reuter dispatch from Vienna, by way of Amsterdam.
He had been suffering for some time from lung trouble, which a few days ago became acute.
A Geneva dispatch forwarded to Reuter's by way of Amsterdam yesterday quoted the Katolische Zeitung as saying the sacrament was administered on Saturday.
The Emperor retained his extraordinary vigor to the end, and his disinclination to obey the orders of his physician caused them the greatest anxiety. He insisted on giving audiences daily, and on Sunday conferred with Premier von Koerber for an hour, according to Vienna advices. He was out of bed all day Monday, it is stated, and in the evening received several visitors.
The first intimation received here that his health was again the subject of silicitation was contained in a dispatch dated Nov. 12, emanating from a Vienna news agency, which reported that the Emperor had been suffering for some days with a slight catarrhal affection.
Subsequent reports from various sources, more or less conflicting, represented that his condition was becoming worse, but none indicated that his illness threatened to reach a critical state until the following bulletin was issued in Vienna early last evening:
“The seat of the inflamation in the right lung, established yesterday, has increased. The patient’s temperature early this morning was 38.1 reaumur, at 2 o’clock 39.5, and this evening 39.6. Breaething had accelerated to 30 respirations a minute. Appetite small and vitality visibly lowered.”
What gave credence to the suspicion that his condition was much graver than the official bulletins indicated was the report, which still lacks official confirmation, that it had been decided to associate the heir to the throne Archduke Carl Francis, in the government of the country and that he was to assume the position on Dec. 2, on the sixty-eighth anniversary of the Emperor's ascension to the throne.
Telegraphing from Amsterdam the Central News correspondent says:
“Vienna reports that although the death of the Emperor had been expected, the news, which was printed in special editions of the newspapers, made a deep impression on the public. A special Cabinet meeting was held. The heir to the throne, Archduke Charles Francis, has been for some time in Vienna.
“A meeting of the Hungarian Cabinet has been called at Budapest. Premier Tisza will afterward come to Vienna.”
London Prints Special Editions.
LONDON, Wednesday, Nov. 22.—News of the death of the Austrian Emperor last evening at Schoenbrunn Castle was received in London too late to catch the ordinary editions of the papers, so no editorial opinion is available as to the probable effect, if any, it will have on the course of the war or on the Austrian people.
The Daily Mail in a late special edition publishes a short obituary in which it says:
“Emperor Francis Joseph had been politically defunct for two years. In the present war he played a very insignificant part and it is exceedingly doubtful whether had he been in vigorous health he would ever have consented to become the passive agent of a German plot.
“The initial disasters which befell Austria weighed heavily upon him. The loss of Galicia in the Autumn of 1914 he felt as a crushing blow. From then onwards Germany assumed virtual control of the dominions of the once proud Hapsburg. A reign which began with the abdication of his weak predecessor ended in his own virtual abdication in favor of Emperor William.
“From first to last his reign has been marked by domestic misfortunes and tragedies which recall the fearful doom of the House of Atreus. It has also been politically unfortunate. It opened with civil war and disaster, it witnessed the loss of his Italian provinces and provinces ruled in Italy by mem-
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