# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Volume V

See also the scan index; and the disclaimer.
| | Volume V Canon — Cleves | Volume V Canon — Cleves | |
| Ca | Ce | Ch | Ci – Cl |
| Canon, of Scripture. The Old Testament Canon. The New Testament in the first three Centuries. The Canon from the Fourth Century. Canon, ecclesiastical officer. Canon Law. Early History. Corpus Juris Canonici. Mediæval History. Present Authority. Canonical Hours. Canonization. Canopus, town, ancient Egypt. Canosa, town, South Italy. Canova, Antonio, Italian sculptor. Canstatt, town, Würtemberg. Canstein, Karl Hildebrand, count of, German writer. Cantabria, district, ancient Spain. Cantacuzenus, Johannes, emperor of the East. Cantagallo, town, Brazil. Cantal, department, France. Cantarina, Simone, Italian painter. Cantemir, Antiochus, Russian poet. Cantemir, Demetrius, voivode of Moldavia. Canterbury, town, England. Canterbury, province, New Zealand. Cantharides, in pharmacy. Canticles, book of Scripture. Canton, town, China. Canton, town, Ohio, U.S.A. Canton, John, English physicist. Cantu, or Canturio, town, Italy. Canusium (Canosa, q.v.), ancient town, Italy. Canute, or Cnut, king of Denmark and England. Canvas, cloth. Caoutchouc (India-Rubber, q.v.). Cape Breton, island, Nova Scotia. Cape Coast Castle, town, West Africa. Cape Colony, South Africa. Cape Haytien, town, Hayti. Cape Verd Islands. Capefigue, Baptiste Honoré Raymond, French writer. Capel, Lord, English Royalist leader. Capell, Edward, Shakespearean critic. Capella, Martianus Mineus Felix, scientific writer. Capercally, or Capercailzie, bird. Capernaum, Palestine. Capers, pickle. Capet, royal family, France. Capgrave, John, English historian. Capillary Action. Capis, town, Philippine Islands. Capistrano, Giovanni di, Franciscan monk. Capital, in political economy. Capitanata, province, Italy. Capito, Wolfgang Fabricius, German theologian. Capitol, or Capitolium, at Rome (q.v.). Capitolinus, Julius, Augustan historian (See Augustan History). Capitularies, Frankish laws. Capitulation, surrender. Capmany, Antonio de Montpalan y, Spanish historian. Capo d’Istria, town, Austria. Capo d’Istria, or Capodistrias, John, Count, Russian diplomatist and president of Greece. Cappadocia, province, Asia Minor. Cappel, French family of distinguished scholars. Cappel, Louis, French Protestant theologian. Capperonier, Claude, French classical scholar. Caprera, island, Italy. Capri, island, Italy. Capiscum (Cayenne Pepper, q.v.). Capstan, for raising weights. Capua, ancient town, Italy. Capuchins, Franciscan monks. Capybara, rodent mammal. Caracal, or Lynx, carnivorous mammal. Caracalla, Roman emperor. Caracas, town, Venezuela. Caracci, Lodovico, Agostino, and Annibale, Italian painters. Caractacus, or Caradoc, British chief (See Britannia). Caraman, or Karaman, town, Asiatic Turkey. Caramania, district, Asiatic Turkey. Caravaggio, Michelangelo Amerighi da, Italian painter. Caravaggio, Polidoro Caldara da, Italian painter. Caravan, company of travellers. Caravanserai, for shelter of caravans. Caravellas, town, Brazil. Caraway, culinary herb. Carbolic Acid. Carbon, chemical element. Carbonari, Italian secret societies. Carbondale, town, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. Carbuncle, precious stone. Carbuncle, skin affection. Carcajente, town, Spain. Carcassonne, town, France. Cardamom, aromatic fruit. Cardan, Girolamo, Italian mathematician and physicist. Cardenas, town, Cuba. Cardiff, town, Wales. Cardigan, county, Wales. Cardigan, Seventh Earl of, British general. Cardinal, in Roman Catholic Church. Cardona, town, Spain. Cards, Playing. Carducci, or Carducho, Bartolommeo, Italian painter. Carducci, or Carducho, Vincenzo, Italian painter. Cardwell, Edward, English historian. Carew, George, English diplomatist and historian. Carew, George, earl of Totness, writer on Ireland. Carew, Richard, author of Survey of Cornwall. Carew, Thomas, English poet. Carey, Henry, English humorist and musician. Carey, William, Indian missionary and Orientalist. Cargill, Donald, Scottish Covenanter. Caria, province, Asia Minor. Cariaco, town, Venezuela. Caribbean Sea. Caribbee Islands, West Indies. Caribs, race of people, Central America. Caricature. Caries, bone disease. Carignano, town, Italy. Carimata Islands, Indian Archipelago. Carini, town, Sicily. Carinola, town, Italy. Carinthia, crown-land, Austria. Caripe, town, Venezuela. Carisbrooke, village and castle, Isle of Wight. Carissimi, Giacomo, Italian composer. Carleton, Sir Dudley, English statesman. Carleton, William, Irish novelist. Carli, Giovanni Rinaldo, count of, Italian economist. Carlisle, town, England. Carlisle, town, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. Carlisle, Fifth Earl of, statesman. Carlisle, Seventh Earl of, statesman. Carlow, county, Ireland. Carlowitz, town, Hungary. Carlsbad, town, Bohemia. Carlsburg, town, Transylvania. Carlshamn, town, Sweden. Carlskrona, province and town, Sweden. Carlsruhe, town, Baden. Carlstad, province and town, Sweden. Carlstadt, town, Croatia, Austria. Carlstadt, district and town, Bavaria. Carlstadt (A. R. Bodenstein), German Reformer. Carluke, town, Scotland. Carlyle, Joseph Dacre, English Orientalist. Carmagnola, town, Italy. Carmagnola, Francesco Bussone, count of, condottiere. Carmarthen, county, Wales. Carmel, mountain, Palestine. Carmelites, order of monks. Carmichael, Gershom, Scottish metaphysician. Carmine, pigment. Carmona, town, Spain. Carnac, town, France. Carnarvon, county, Wales. Carnatic, district, India. Carneades, Greek philosopher. Carniola, province, Austria. Carnival, season preceding Lenten fast. Carnivora, order of mammals. Carnot, Lazare Nicolas Marguérite, French minister of war. Carnuntum, ancient town, Pannonia. Caro, Annibale, Italian poet. Carolan, Turlogh, Irish bard. Carolina, North and South, States, U.S.A. (North Carolina and South Carolina, q.v.). Caroline, Amelia Augusta, wife of George IV. of England. Caroline Islands, Pacific Ocean. Carora, town, Venezuela. Carouge, town, Switzerland. Carpathian Mountains. Carpathus, island, Asia Minor. Carpentaria, Gulf of, Australia. Carpentras, town, France. Carpentry, in building (q.v.). Carpet. Carpi, town, Italy. Carpi, Girolamo da, Italian painter. Carpi, Ugo da, Italian painter. Carpini, Joannes de Plano, mediæval traveller. Carpocrates, Gnostic. Carpzov, family of distinguished Germans. Carranza, Bartolemé de, Spanish theologian. Carrara, town, Italy. Carrel, Armand, French publicist. Carriage. Carrickfergus, town, Ireland. Carrick-on-Suir, town, Ireland. Carrier, conveyer of goods. Carrier, Jean Baptiste, French Revolutionist. Carron, town, Scotland. Carstares, William, Scottish divine. Cartagena, town, Spain. Cartagena, town, Colombia, South America. Cartago, town, Costa-Rica, Central America. Cartago, town, Colombia, South America. Carte, Thomas, English historian. Carter, Elizabeth, English writer. Cartesianism. Des Cartes. Malebranche. Spinoza. Carthage, ancient town, Africa. Carthusians, order of monks. Cartier, Jacques, French explorer. Cartoon, in painting. Cartwright, Edmund, inventor of power-loom. Cartwright, Major John, parliamentary reformer. Cartwright, Thomas, Puritan divine. Cartwright, William, English poet and dramatist. Carupano, town, Venezuela. Carus, Karl Gustav, German physiologist. Carvahal, Tomas José Gonsalez, Spanish poet. Carvin, town, France. Carving, in ivory & wood. Carving and Gilding. Cary, Henry Francis, translator of Dante. Cary, Sir Lucius, Viscount Falkland. Caryl, Joseph, Nonconformist divine. Casa, Giovanni della, Italian poet. Casa Calenda, town, Italy. Casale, town, Italy. Casalmaggiore, town, Italy. Casalpusterlengo, town, Italy. Casanova de Seingalt, Italian adventurer. Casas Grandes, town, Mexico. Casaubon, Isaac, Huguenot scholar. Casbin, or Kasbin, town, Persia. Casciano dei Bagni, town, Italy. Caserta, town, Italy. Cashan, or Kashan, town, Persia. Cashel, town, Ireland. Cashew Nut. Cashgar (Kashgar, q.v.), town, Turkestan. Cashmere (Kashmir, q.v.), state, Asia. Casino (Monte Casino, q.v.), Benedictine monastery of. Casiri, Michael, librarian of the Escorial. Casoria, town, Italy. Caspe, town, Spain. Caspian Sea. Cass, Lewis, American statesman. Cassaba, town, Asia Minor. Cassana, Niccolo, Italian painter. Cassander, king of Macedonia. Cassander, George, Flemish theologian. Cassandra, in Greek legend. Cassano, town, Italy. Cassava, farinaceous plant. Cassel, town, Germany. Cassel, town, France. Cassia Bark. Cassianus, Joannes Eremita, monk. Cassini, family of French astronomers. Cassiodorus, or Cassiodorius, Magnus Aurelius, Roman historian. Cassis, town, France. Cassius Longinus, Caius, assassin of Julius Cæsar. Cassowary, bird. Castagno, Andrea del, Italian painter. Castalia, fountain, Delphi, Greece. Castanos, Don Francisco Xavier de, Spanish general. Caste, social distinction. Castel, Louis Bertrand, French mathematician. Castel-a-Mare, town, Italy. Castel-a-Mare, town, Sicily. Castel Sarrasin, town, France. Castel Vetrano, town, Sicily. Castell, Edmund, English Orientalist. Castelli, Ignaz Friedrich, Austrian dramatist. Castello, Bernardo, Italian painter. Castello, Giovanni Battista, Italian painter. Castello, Valerio, Italian painter. Castellon de la Plana, town, Spain. Castelnau, Michel de, French chronicler. Castelnaudary, town, France. Castelo Branco, town, Portugal. Casti, Giovanni Battista, Italian poet. Castiglione delle Stiviere, town, Italy. Castiglione, Baldassare, Italian writer and diplomatist. Castiglione, Giovanni Benedetto, Italian painter. Castiglione, Carlo Ottavio, Count, Italian philologist. Castile, Kingdom of, Spain. Castillejo, Cristobal de, Spanish poet. Casting, Metal (Founding, q.v.). Castle. Castlebar, town, Ireland. Castlereagh, Visount, second marquis of Londonderry (q.v.). Castletown, town, Isle of Man. Castor and Pollux, in Greek mythology. Castor Oil. Castrén, Matthias Alexander, Russian philologist. Castrensis, Paulus, Italian jurist. Castres, town, France. Castro, town, Italy. Castro del Rio, town, Spain. Castrogiovanni, town, Sicily. Castro Nuovo, town, Sicily. Castro Reale, town, Sicily. Castro Urdiales, town, Spain. Castro, Guillen de, Spanish dramatist. Castro, Inez de, wife of Pedro I. of Portugal. Castro, João de, viceroy of Portuguese Indies. Castrovillari, town, Italy. Castruccio Castracani, Ghibelline chief. Casuistry. Caswall, Henry, American divine. Cat. Catacombs. Catalepsy, nervous affection. Catalonia, province, Spain. Catamarca, town, Argentine Republic. Catania, town, Sicily. Catanzaro, town, Italy. Catapulta, ancient military engine. Cataract, disease of the eye (See Ophthamalmic Diseases). Catarrh, disease. Catawbas, North-American tribe. Cateau Cambrésis, town, France. Catechism. Catechu, drug and dyestuff. Catechumen, candidate for baptism. Categories, in logic and philosophy. Caterpillar, larva stage of butterfly (See Butterflies). Catgut, string. Cathay, China (q.v.) as known to mediæval Europe. Cathcart, Sir George, British general. Cathedral, principal church of a diocese. Catherine, Saints. Catherine I., empress of Russia. Catherine II., empress of Russia. Catherine de’ Medici, wife of Henry II. of France. Catherine of Aragon, wife of Henry VIII. of England. Catherine of Braganza, wife of Charles II. of England. Catherine of Valois, wife of Henry V. of England. Catholic, designation of the Christian Church. Catholic Apostolic Church. Catilina, Lucius Sergius, Roman conspirator. Catlin, George, writer on the American Indians. Catmandoo (Khatmandu, q.v.), capital of Nepal. Cato, M. Porcius, the Elder, Roman censor. {{9link|Cato, M. Porcius, Uticensis|Cato, M. Porcius, Uticensis. Cato, Dionysius, Roman moralist. Cats, Jacob, Dutch poet. Catskill Mountains, United States. Cattack, district & town, India. Cattaro, town, Austria. Cattermole, George, English painter. Catti, ancient Germanic people. Cattle. Cattolica, town, Sicily. Catullus, C. Valerius, Latin poet. Caucasia, government, Russia. Caucasus, chain of mountains. Caudete, town, Spain. Caudine Forks, Italian valley. Cava, or La Cava, town, Italy. Cavaignac, Louis Eugène, French general. Cavaillon, town, France. Cavalcanti, Guido, Italian poet. Cavalier, Jean, chief of the Camisards, France. Cavallini, Pietro, Italian painter. Cavallo, Tiberius, Italian electrician. Cavalry. Cavan, county & town, Ireland. Cavanilles, Antonio José, Spanish botanist. Cave, or Cavern. Cave, Edward, English publisher and editor. Cave, William, English theologian. Cavedone, Jacopo, Italian painter. Cavendish, Henry, English chemist and physicist. Cavendish, Margaret, duchess of Newcastle (q.v.). Cavendish, Thomas, English navigator. Cavendish, Sir William, English courtier. Cavendish, William, first duke of Devonshire (q.v.). Cavite, town, Philippine Islands. Cavore, or Cavour, town, Italy. Cavour, Count, Italian statesman. Cavy, rodent mammal. Cawnpur, or Cawnpore, district and town, India. Caxamarca, town, Peru. Caxatambo, town, Peru. Caxton, William, first English printer. Cayenne, island, South America (See Guinea). Cayenne, town, French Guiana. Cayenne Pepper. Caylus, Comte de, French artist and writer. Cazalla de la Sierra, town, Spain. Cazembe, chief and his territory, Africa. Cazorla, town, Spain. Cazotte, Jacques, French writer. | Ceará, town, Brazil. Cebes, of Thebes, Greek philosopher. Cebu, island, Philippines. Cecco d’Ascoli, Francesco degli Stabili, Italian encyclopædist and poet. Cecil, Robert, earl of Salisbury, lord high treasurer of England. Cecil, William, Lord Burghley, minister of Queen Elizabeth. Cecilia, St. Cecrops, king of Attica. Cedar, tree. Cefalu, town, Sicily. Cehegin, town, Spain. Celano, town and lake, Italy. Celebes, island, Indian Archipelago. Celery, vegetable. Celestine, popes. Celestines, order of monks. Celibacy. Cellini, Benvenuto, Italian sculptor and metal-worker. Celsius, Anders, Swedish astronomer. Celsus, anti-Christian writer. Celtiberia, ancient division of Spain. Celtic Literature. Cements. Cemetery. Cenci, Beatrice, parricide. Ceneda, district, Italy. Censor, Roman magistrate. Census, enumeration of people. Census of 1861. First Imperial Census, 1871. Census of the United States. Centaurs, in Greek mythology. Centipedes and Millipedes, insects. Centlivre, Susanna, British dramatist. Cento, town, Italy. Cento, composition made up of extracts. Centorbi, town, Sicily. Central America. Central India Political Agency. Central Provinces, India. Centumviri, Roman judges. Centurion, Roman military officer. Ceos, island, Greece. Cephalonia, island, Greece. Ceram, island, Indian Archipelago. Cerberus, in Greek mythology. Cerdonians, Gnostic sect. Ceres, in Roman mythology. Cerignola, town, Italy. Cerigo, island, Greece. Cerigotto, island, Greece. Cerinthus, early heretic. Cerreto, town, Italy. Cerro de Pasco, town, Peru. Certaldo, town, Italy. Cervantes-Saavedra, Miguel de, author of Don Quixote. Cervia, town, Italy. Cesari, Giuseppe, Italian painter. Cesarotti, Melchiore, Italian poet. Cesena, town, Italy. Cespedes, Pablo de, Spanish painter and poet. Cetacea, order of Mammals. Cetina, Gutierre de, Spanish soldier and poet. Cette, town, France. Cettinje, or Cettinye, town, Montenegro. Ceuta, town, Morocco. Ceva, town, Italy. Cévennes, mountains, France. Ceylon. | Chablis, town, France. Chabrias, Athenian general. Chaderton, Laurence, English Puritan divine. Chæroneia, or Chæronea, ancient town, Greece. Chaffinch, bird. Chagres, town, Panama. Chalcedon, ancient town, Asia Minor. Chalcis, town, Eubœa (q.v.), Greece. Chaldea, or Chaldæa, ancient country, Asia (See Babylonia). Chalk. Challoner, Richard, English Roman Catholic bishop. Chalmers, Alexander, English writer. Chalmers, George, Scottish historiographer and antiquary. Chalmers, Thomas, Scottish divine. Chaloner, Sir Thomas, English statesman and poet. Châlon-sur-Saône, town, France. Châlons-sur-Marne, town, France. Chalotais, Louis René de Caradeue de la ({{9link|La Chalotais|See La Chalotais), French politician. Chalybäus, Heinrich Moritz, German philosopher. Chamba, state, India. Chamberlain. Chambers, Ephraim, English encyclopædist. Chambers, George, English painter. Chambers, Robert, English writer and publisher. Chambersburg, town, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. Chambéry, town, France. Chambord, chateau, Loire-et-Cher, France. Chameleon, kind of lizard. Chamfort, Nicholas, French wit and writer. Chamisso, Adalbert von, German writer. Chamois, kind of antelope. Chamomile, or Camomile, plant. Chamouni, or Chamonix, village and valley, Savoy. Champagne, province, France. Champagne, Philippe de, Flemish painter. Champaran, district, India. Champeaux, William of, scholastic philosopher. Champlain, Lake, New York and Vermont, U.S.A. Champlain, Samuel de, French explorer and governor of Canada. Champollion, Jean François, French Egyptologist. Champollion-Figeac, Jean Jacques, French scholar. Chancellor. Chancery, Court of, England. Chanda, district and town, India. Chandarnagar, or Chundernagore, French settlement, India. Chandler, Richard, British antiquary. Chandler, Samuel, English Presbyterian divine. Chang-Chow, town, China. Channel Islands, England. Channing, William Ellery, American theological writer. Chantiban, town, Siam. Chantilly, town, France. Chantrey, Sir Francis, English sculptor. Chapelain, Jean, French poet. Chapel-Hill, town, North Carolina, U.S.A. Chapman, George, English poet and dramatist. Chappe, Claude, French engineer. Chaptal, Jean Antoine, French chemist and statesman. Chapter, of a cathedral (q.v.). Chapu, town, China. Charade. Charcas (Sucre, q.v.). Charcoal. Chard, town, England. Chardin, Sir John, traveller. Charente, department, France. Charente-Inférieure, department, France. Charenton-le-Pont, town, France. Chariot. Charities, English. Chariton, of Aphrodisias, Greek romancist. Charlemagne (Charles the Great), emperor. Charlemagne, Jean Armand, French dramatist. Charlemont, citadel of Givet (q.v.), France. Charleroi, town, Belgium. Charles I., king of England. Charles II., of England. Charles I., the Bald (emperor Charles II.), king of France. Charles II., the Fat (emperor Charles III.), of France. Charles III., the Simple, of France. Charles IV., the Fair, of France. Charles V., the Wise, of France. Charles VI., of France. Charles VII., of France. Charles VIII., of France. Charles IX., of France. Charles X., of France. Charles I., the Great (Charlemagne, q.v.), emperor. Charles II., the Bald, emperor (Charles I. of France, q.v.). Charles III., the Fat, emperor (Charles II. of France, q.v.). Charles IV., emperor. Charles V. (Charles I. of Spain), emperor. Charles VI., emperor. Charles VII., emperor. Charles I., king of Spain (Emperor Charles V., q.v.). Charles II., of Spain. Charles III., of Spain. Charles IV., of Spain. Charles IX., king of Sweden. Charles X. (Charles Gustavus), of Sweden. Charles XI., of Sweden. Charles XII., of Sweden. Charles XIII., of Sweden. Charles XIV. (Bernadotte, q.v.), of Sweden. Charles XV., of Sweden. Charles, count of Anjou and Provence, king of Naples. Charles II., the Bad, of Navarre. Charles IV., of Navarre. Charles, or Charles Louis, archduke of Austria. Charles, the Bold, duke of Burgundy. Charles Albert, king of Sardinia. Charles Augustus, grand-duke of Saxe-Weimar. Charles Edward Stuart, prince. Charles Emmanuel I., duke of Savoy. Charles Martel, mayor of the palace, France. Charleston, town, South Carolina, U.S.A. Charlestown, town, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Charlet, Nicolas Toussaint, French painter. Charleville, town, France. Charlevoix, Pierre François Xavier de, French traveller. Charlottenburg, town, Prussia. Charlottesville, town, Virginia, U.S.A. Charlottetown, town, Prince Edward Island, North America. Charolles, town, France. Charon, in Greek mythology. Charondas, Greek lawgiver. Charpentier, François, French archæologist. Charron, Pierre, French philosopher. Charter. Charter-Party, shipping contract. Chartier, Alain, French writer. Chartism, movement for political reform. Chartres, town, France. Chartreuse, Le Grande, monastery, France. Charybdis, whirlpool (See Scylla and Charybdis). Chase, Salmon Portland, American statesman. Chastelain, Georges, Burgundian chronicler. Chastelard, Pierre Boscobel de, French poet. Chateaubriand, François René, Vicomte de, French essayist. Châteaubriant, town, France. Châteaudun, town, France. Château-Gontier, town, France. Châteauroux, town, France. Château-Thierry, town, France. Châtellerault, town, France. Chatham, town, England. Chatham, First Earl of, (William Pitt), English statesman. Chatham Islands, Pacific Ocean. Châtillon-sur-Seine, town, France. Chatsworth, seat of duke of Devonshire, Derby, England. Chattanooga, town, Tennessee, U.S.A. Chatterton, Thomas, English poet. Chaucer, Geoffrey, English poet. Chaudes-Aigues, town, France. Chaumont, town, France. Chauny, town, France. Chauvin, Étienne, French Reformed divine. Chaux de Fonds, town, Switzerland. Chaves, town, Portugal. Chazelles, Jean Mattheiu de, French mathematician. Cheduba, island, Bay of Bengal. Che-Foo, or Yan-Tai, town, China. Cheese. Cheetah, or Hunting Leopard. Cheke, Sir John, English scholar. Chelmsford, town, England. Chelsea, borough, London. Chelsea, town, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Cheltenham, town, England. Chemistry. Historical Introduction. ... Chemnitz, town, Saxony. Chemnitz, Martin, German Lutheran divine. Chénier, André-Marie de, French poet. Chénier, Marie-Joseph de, French poet and dramatist. Cheops, Egyptian king. Chephren, or Khafra, Egyptian king. Chepstow, town, Monmouth, England. Cheque, in banking. Cher, department, France. Cherasco, town, Italy. Cherbourg, town, France. Cheribon, town, Java. Cherokees, American-Indian tribe. Cherry, tree and fruit. Cherso, island, Illyria. Chersonese, peninsula. Chertsey, town, England. Cherubim, of Scripture. Cherubini, M. L. Z. C. Salvatore, Italian musical composer. Cherusci, ancient German tribe. Cheshire, county, England. Chesne, André du (See Duchesne). Chesney, Charles Cornwallis, English military writer. Chess, game. Chester, town, England. Chester, town, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. Chesterfield, town, England. Chesterfield, Fourth Earl of. Chester-le-Street, town, England. Chestnut, tree and fruit. Cheviot Hills, Great Britain. Chézy, Antoine Léonard, French Orientalist. Chhatisgarh, district, India. Chhindwara, district and town, India. Chiabrera, Gabriello, Italian lyric poet. Chiaramonte, town, Sicily. Chiari, town, Italy. Chiavari, town, Italy. Chiavenna, town, Italy. Chicago, town, Illinois, U.S.A. Chichele, or Chichely, Henry, archbishop of Canterbury. Chichester, town, England. Chickasaws, American-Indian tribe. Chiclana, town, Spain. Chicopee, town, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Chicory, plant. Chieri, town, Italy. Chieti, town, Italy. Chihuahua, town, Mexico. Childers, Robert Cæsar, English Orientalist. Chili, or Chile, country, South America. Chillan, town, Chili. Chilianwala, India, Battle of (1849). Chillicothe, town, Ohio, U.S.A. Chillingworth, William, English divine. Chilmaree, town, India. Chiloe, island and province, Chili. Chilon, Greek sage. Chiltern Hills, England. Chimæra, in Greek mythology. Chimay, town, Belgium. Chimpanzee, ape (See Ape). China. ... Chincha Islands, Peru. Chinchew, town, China. Chinchilla, town, Spain. Chinchilla, rodent mammal. Chindwara (Chhindwara, q.v.). Chingleput. Chin-hae, or Ching-hai, town, China. Chin-keang Foo, town, China. Chinon, town, France. Chinsurah, town, India. Chioggia, town, Italy. Chios (Scio, q.v.), Greek island. Chippenham, town, England. Chippeways (Ojibway, q.v.), American Indians. Chiron, in Greek mythology. Chiswick, village, England. Chittagong, district and town, India. Chittagong Hill Tracts, district, India. Chiusa, town, Italy. Chiusi, town, Italy. Chivasso, town, Italy. Chlamydophore, edentate mammal. Chloral, in chemistry. Chlorine, chemical element. Chloroform, in chemistry. Chocolate, preparation from Cocoa. Choctaws, North-American Indians. Chodowiecki, Daniel Nicolas, Polish painter. Choiseul, César, Duc de, French general. Choiseul, Claude Antoine Gabriel, Duc de, French royalist. Choiseul, Étienne François, Duc de, French statesman. Cholera. Cholet, town, France. Cholula, town, Mexico. Chons, or Khuns, Egyptian diety. Chopin, Frédéric François, Polish musical composer. Chorea, disease. Chorley, town, England. Chorus, in the Greek drama (See Drama and Music). Chosroes I., or Khosran I., king of Persia (See Khosru and Persia). Chouans, royalist insurgents, France. Chrestien, Florent, French satirist and Latin poet. Chrestien de Troyes, early French romancist. Christ, the Messiah. Christchurch, town, England. Christchurch, town, New Zealand. Christiania, town, Norway. Christianity. Christiansand, town, Norway. Christianstad, town, Sweden. Christiansund, town, Norway. Christina, queen of Sweden. Christine de Pisan, early French writer. Christmas Day. Christopher, St. Christopoulous, Athanasias, modern Greek poet. Chromium, chemical element. Chronicles, Books of. Chronology. Chronological Table, from earliest times to 1875. Chronometer, timepiece. Chrudim, town, Bohemia. Chrysippus, Greek philosopher. Chrysoloras, Manuel, Greek grammarian. Chrysostom, John, St, archbishop of Constantinople. Chubb, or Chub, fish (See Angling). Chubb, Thomas, English deist. Chunar, or Chunarghur, town, India. Chund, or Chaud, Hindi writer. Chuprah, town, India. Chuquisaca, department, Bolivia (See Sucre). Chur (Coire, q.v.), town, Switzerland. Church, The. Church History. Churchill, Charles, English satirist. Churchill, John, duke of Marlborough (q.v.), English general. Churchyard, Thomas, English soldier and writer. Chusan, island, China. Chutia Nagpur, district, India. Chutia Nagpur Tributary States, India. Chutterpur, town, India. | Cibber, or Cibert, Caius Gabriel, Danish sculptor. Cibber, Colley, English dramatist and laureate. Cicacole, town, India. Cicero, Marcus Tullius, Roman orator and writer. Cicognara, Leopoldo, Count, Italian archæologist. Cid, The (Ruy Diaz Campeador), Spanish hero. Cider, beverage. Cienfuegos, Nicasio Alvarez de, Spanish poet. Cigar. Cignani, Carlo, Italian painter. Cigoli, Luigi Cardi da, Italian painter. Cilicia. Cimabue, Giovanni, Italian painter. Cimarosa, Domenico, Italian musical composer. Cimbri, ancient Germanic tribe. Cimmerii, or Cimmerians, ancient Scythian race. Cimon, Athenian statesman and general. Cinchona, tree and bark. Cincinnati, town, Ohio, U.S.A. Cincinnatus, Lucius Quinctius, Roman hero. Cineas, advisor of Pyrrhus. Cinna, Lucius Cornelius, Roman consul. Cinnabar, mineral. Cinnamon, spice. Cino da Pistoia (Guittorcino de’ Sinibuldi), Italian poet and jurist. Cinq-Mars, Marquis de, French courtier. Cinque Ports, England. Cintra, town, Portugal. Cipher-Writing (Cryptography, q.v.). Cipriani, Giovanni Battista, Italian painter. Circar, province, India. Circassia, region of the Caucasus. Circe, in Greek mythology. Circeii, ancient town, Italy. Circuit, in law. Circumcision. Circus, Roman. Cirencester, town, England. Cirillo, Domenico, Italian physician and patriot. Cirta (Constantine), ancient town, Africa. Cis-Sutlej States, India. Cistercians, order of monks. Citeaux, village, France. Cithæron, mountain, Greece. Citric Acid. Citron, tree and fruit. Città della Pieve, town, Italy. Città di Castello, town, Italy. Città Vecchia, town, Malta. City. Ciudad Bolivar (Angostura, q.v.), town, Venezuela. Ciudad Real, town, Spain. Ciudad Real (San Christobal, q.v.), town, Mexico. Ciudad Rodrigo, town, Spain. Ciudadela, town, Minorca. Civet, carnivorous mammal. Cividale, town, Italy. Civil Law. Civita Castellana, town, Italy. Civita di Penne, town, Italy. Civita Vecchia, town, Italy. Clackmannan, county, Scotland. Clairault, Alexis-Claude, French mathematician. Clamecy, town, France. Clan. Claparède, J. L. R. A. Édouard, Swiss naturalist. Clapperton, Hugh, African traveller. Clare, county, Ireland. Clare, John, English poet. Clarendon, First Earl of (Edward Hyde), English statesman and historian. Clari, Giovanni Carlo Maria, Italian musical composer. Clarinet, musical instrument (q.v.). Clark, Sir James, English physician. Clark, Thomas, Scottish chemist. Clarke, Adam, Wesleyan divine. Clarke, Edward Daniel, English traveller. Clarke, Samuel, English philosopher and theologian. Clarkson, Thomas, English philanthropist. Clauberg, John, German philosopher. Claude, Jean, French Protestant writer. Claude of Lorraine, founder of the Guise family. Claudet, Antoine François, French photographer. Claudianus, Claudius, Roman poet. Claudius, Appius Cæcus, Roman patrician. Claudius, Appius Crassus, Roman decemvir. Claudius, Tiberius, Roman emperor. Claudius, Marcus Aurelius, Roman emperor. Claudius, Matthias, German poet. Clavijo, Ruy Gonzalez de, Spanish traveller. Clay, Henry, American politician. Clazomenæ, ancient town, Asia Minor. Cleanthes, Greek philosopher. Clearchus, Spartan general. Clemens Alexandrinus, theologian. Clement, popes. Clement, François, French historian. Clementi, Muzio, Italian musical composer. Cleobulus, Greek sage. Cleomenes, kings of Sparta. Cleon, Athenian leader. Cleopatra I.–VI., queens of Egypt. Clepsydra, hydraulic clock. Clerc, Jean le (See Leclerc). Clergy. Clergy, Benefit of, in law. Clermont-Ferrand, town, France. Clermont en Beauvoisis, town, France. Clermont-l’Hérault, town, France. Cleveland, town, Ohio, U.S.A. Cleveland, John, English poet. Cleves, town, Prussia. |