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# Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis, & Omaha Railway Company v. United States

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* Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis, & Omaha Railway Company v. United States (217 U.S. 180)
* Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis, & Omaha Railway Company v. United States (322 U.S. 1)
# Chicago & Alton Railroad Company v. Kirby

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United States Supreme Court
225 U.S. 155
Chicago & Alton Railroad Company v. Kirby
Argued: April 25, 1912. --- Decided: May 27, 1912
Messrs. Garrard B. Winston, William Patten, and Silas H. Strawn for plaintiff in error.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 156-159 intentionally omitted]
Messrs. Albert Salzenstein and James M. Graham for defendant in error.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 159-162 intentionally omitted]
Mr. Justice Lurton delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Chicago & Alton Railroad Company v. McWhirt

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United States Supreme Court
243 U.S. 422
Chicago & Alton Railroad Company v. McWhirt
Argued: January 29 and 30, 1917. --- Decided: March 26, 1917
Messrs. Elliott H. Jones, William C. Scarritt, and Charles M. Miller for plaintiffs in error.
Messrs. Patrick Henry Cullen, Thomas T. Fauntleroy, and Charles M. Hay for defendant in error.
Mr. Justice Van Devanter delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Otto of Passau

From volume 11 of the work.
All we know of him is in the preface of his work, in which he calls himself a member of the Franciscan Order, at one time lector of theology at Basle, and says that he finished his writing on 2 (1) Feb., 1386, dedicating it to all the "friends of God", both clerical and lay, male and female, and begs for their prayers. According to Sbaralea ("Suppl. Script. Franciscani ordinis", Rome, 1806, 571) he was a native of Flanders and belonged to the Franciscan province of Cologne. His book bears the title "Die vierundzwanzig alten oder der guldin Tron der minnenden seelen". He introduces the twenty-four ancients of Apoc., iv, 4, and makes them utter sentences of wisdom by which men can obtain the golden throne in eternal life. The sentences are taken from Holy Scripture, the Fathers, Scholastics, and from those heathen authors, "whom the Church does not condemn". He thus enumerates 104 "masters", among whom are also some of the mystics, as Hugo and Richard of St. Victor. He generally gives accurate quotation of his sources though he also draws from some not specified, e. g., St. Elizabeth of Schönau. He tries to remain on strictly Catholic ground, but sometimes loses himself in dogmatical intricacies and quibbles. To be plain and intelligible he frequently uses trivial expressions. He writes on the nature of God and of man, on their mutual relation, on the requisites for perfection: contrition, confession, and penance; on internal and external life, purity of motives, shunning idleness, love of God and of the neighbour, the necessity of faith, and the grace of God. He speaks of the Scriptures as the storehouse of Divine wisdom and urges the faithful to read them. In speaking of contemplative life he insists that none can reach it without spending time in the active service of God and man. The term "friends of God" he explains according to John, xv,15, and speaks of prayer, humility, obedience, spiritual life, virtues and vices, and shows Christ as the model of all virtues. The longest chapters, eleven and twelve, he devotes to the Holy Eucharist and to the Blessed Virgin. The last chapters treat of death and the future life. The number of manuscript copies of the book (about forty) bears evidence of the estimation in which it was held. It found its way to all "friends of God" in the south of Germany, along the Lower Rhine and in the Netherlands. It first appeared in print in 1470, probably by Pfister in Bamberg. A modernized edition, "Die Krone der Aeltesten", was made in 1835 at Landshut as a tenth volume of "Leitstern auf der Bahn des Heils".
Allg. deutsche Biogr., XXIV, 741, and XXV, 794; HURTER, Nomenclator, II (1906), 725.
FRANCIS MERSHMAN
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Our Lady of Ambronay

From volume 1 of the work.
​Ambronay, Our Lady of, a sanctuary of the Blessed Virgin at Ambronay, France, regarded as one of the two cradles of devotion to Our Lady in the Diocese of Belley. The original church was founded by recluses in the seventh century, and having been destroyed by the Saracens, was rebuilt (c. 803) by St. Barnard (778–842), together with the famous monastery of the same name. About the middle of the thirteenth century the church was reconstructed on a grander scale, and still remains, in spite of the ravages of 1793, one of the most imposing monuments of the diocese, remarkable for its windows, sacristy, altar, and spiral staircase. The façade of one of the naves dates from the ninth century.
Acta SS., 23 Jan.; Leroy, Histoire des pèlerinages de la Sainte Vierge en France (Paris, 1875), II, 185.
F. M. Rudge.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Otto Truchsess von Waldburg

From volume 15 of the work.
Cardinal-Bishop of Augsburg (1543-73), b. at Castle Scheer in Swabia, 26 Feb., 1514; d. at Rome, 2 April, 1573. He studied at the Universities of Tubingen, Padua, Pavin, and Bologna, and received his degree of Doctor of Theology at Bologna. At an early age he received canonries at Trent, Spires, and Augsburg. In 1541 he became an imperial councillor and when on an embassy to Rome was made a papal chamberlain. On 10 May, 1543, he was elected Bishop of Augsburg; in 1544 he was appointed cardinal-priest of the Title of St. Balbina by Paul III for settling a long-continued dispute between the emperor and the pope. The condition of his diocese was mournful: the clergy were ignorant and depraved, and Protestantism was widespread. He sought to mend matters by visitations, edicts, synods, and the improvement of instruction. He founded the University of Dillingen, now a lyceum, and the ecclesiastical seminary at Dillingen (1549-55). In 1564 he transferred the management of these institutions to the Jesuits. In 1549-50 and again in 1555 he took part in the papal elections at Rome. In 1552 his diocese was devastated by the troops of Maurice of Saxony. He went once more to Rome in 1559 and was there made the head of the Inquisition and, in 1562, Cardinal-Bishop of Albang. In 1567 he held a diocesan synod at Dillingen. From 1568 he lived altogether at Rome. He was a moral, religious man, of much force of character, to whom half measures and shiftiness were foreign. He incurred the hatred of the Protestants for his protest against the Religious Peace of Augsburg (1555).
BRAUN, Gesch. der Bischofe von Augsburg, III (Augsburg, 1814); TRUCHSESS, Literae ad Hosium, ed. WEBER (Ratisbon, 1892); JANSSEN, Hist of the German People, tr. CHRISTIE, VI-IX (London, 1905-8), passim; WEBER, Card. Otto Truchsess in Hist.-pol. Blatter, CX (Munich, 1892)., 781-96; DUHR, Quellen zu einer Biogr. des Kard. Otto Truchsess von Waldburg in Hist. Jahrbuch, VII (Munich, 1886), 177-209, and XX (Munich, 1899), 71-4.
Klemens Löffler.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Otto of St. Blasien

From volume 11 of the work.
Chronicler, b. about the middle of the twelfth century; d. 23 July, 1223, at St. Blasien in the Black Forest, Baden. Nothing is known of the events of his life. It is probable that in his later days he became abbot of the renowned Benedictine monastery of St. Blasien. He is known as the writer who continued the chronicles of Otto of Freising, like whom he possessed a great talent for presenting a clear survey of events. His language was lofty, and followed the model of the ancient classics. Like many of his contemporaries, he liked to apply the fixed formulas of Justinian to the German emperors, probably on the assumption, then widespread, that the Holy Roman Empire was only the continuation of the Roman Empire of the Caesars. His chronicles, written in the form of annals, "Ad librum VII chronici Ottonis Frisingensis episcopi continuatae historiae appendix sive Continuatio Sanblasiana", embrace the period from 1146 to 1209, that is the period from Conrad III to the murder of Philip of Swabia. Since he was distant in time from the facts he narrates, hsi accounts are wholly objective, even though he makes no concealment of his prejudice n favour f the Hohenstaufen, who in 1218 received the bailiwick of St. Blasien from the dukes of Zahringen. Yet, after Otto IV of Wittelsbach was recognized as German emperor, he writes of him in the same objective way as of his predecessors. Nevertheless, without any apparent cause, the narrative breaks off at the coronation of Otto IV. Perhaps the chronicler shrank from describing the bloody party conflicts of the times. His chief sources were the "Gesta Friderici" and perhaps Alsatian chronicles. On the whole his statements may be trusted. It is only when he has to resort to oral reports that he becomes unreliable; this is especially the case in his chronology, though he is not to be reproached with intentional misrepresentation of facts for this reason. His chronicles were published by R. Wilmans in "Mon. Germ. Hist.: Script." (XX, pp. 304-34); they were translated into German by Horst Kohl in "Geschichtschreiber der deutschen Vorzeit" (12 century, vol. VIII, Leipzig, 1881, 2nd ed., 1894).
POTTHAST, Bibl. hist. medii aevi, II (Berlin, 1896), 884 sq.; THOMAE, Die Chronik d. Otto von St. B. kritisch untersucht (Leipzig, 1877); WATTENBACH, Deutschlands Geschichtsquellen, II (Berlin, 1894), 284 sq.
Patricius Schlager
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Our Lady of Arcachon

From volume 1 of the work.
A miraculous image venerated at Arcachon, France, and to all appearances the work of the thirteenth century. Carved from a block of alabaster about twenty inches in height, it represents Our Lady clad in Oriental drapery, holding the Divine Infant on her right arm. Blessed Thomas Illyricus of Osimo (b. about the middle of the fifteenth century) a Franciscan who had retired to the forest solitude of Arcachon, is said to have found this statue on the seashore, much battered by the waves. He immediately constructed a wooden chapel, replaced, a century later, by a spacious stone sanctuary, but this, in turn, was so menaced by the drifting sands of the dunes as to necessitate the erection of a new church (1723) on a neighbouring hill overlooking the Bay of Arcachon. The statue survived both revolutions and was granted the honour of a coronation by a brief of Pius IX, 15 July, 1870. Devotion to Our Lady of Arcachon has spread far and wide, and there are continual pilgrimages to her shrine. Up to 1842 the church was surrounded only by a few fishermen's huts, but with the erection of villas and the discovery of the salubrious climate people began to flock thither, and it is now the centre of a flourishing city.
LEROY, Histoire des pelerinages de la Sainte Vierge en France (Paris, 1873-75), II 397 sqq.; DELPEUCH, Notre-Dame d'Arcachon; DEJEAN, Arcachon et ses environs.
F.M. RUDGE
# Clouds (Aristophanes)

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"The Clouds" (Νεφέλαι Nephelai, Latin: Nubes) is a comedy by Aristophanes. It was first produced in 423 BC, but was not as well-received as the author had hoped. It was revised between 420-417 BC and was thereafter circulated in manuscript form. The play remains notorious for its caricature of Socrates, and is mentioned in Plato's Apology as a contributor to the philosopher's trial and execution. Warning: template has been deprecated. As with all ancient Greek dramas, the interpretation may vary, given the condition of available manuscripts, the current study of ancient Greek language, and changes in the English language. As a result, varying English translations exist.
English-language translations of Νεφέλαι include:
* The Clouds, a comedy, translated by James White (1759) [London: Printed for T. Payne]
* Clouds, translated by Richard Cumberland (1798)
* The Clouds, translated by T. Mitchell (1822)
* The Clouds, translated by Benjamin Dann Walsh (1837)
* The Clouds, translated by C. A. Wheelwright (1837)
* The Clouds, translated by William James Hickie (1853)
* Clouds, translated by Leonard-Hampson Rudd (1867)
* The Clouds, translated by Benjamin Bickley Rogers [1852] (1916 ed.)
* The Clouds, published by The Athenian Society (1912), anonymous translator presumed to be Oscar Wilde
This work is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago. Translations of this work may be copyrighted.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Clouds

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "Clouds."
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This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.

## Drama

* Clouds, by Aristophanes (multiple English translations)
* The Clouds by Jaroslav Kvapil, translated by Charles Recht

## Poetry

* "Clouds", a poem by Rupert Brooke. More than one version exists. ("Down the blue night the unending columns press")
* "The Clouds", a poem by Florence Earle Coates ("The clouds give back to earth again")
* "Clouds," a poem by Itō Sachio ("O the manifold mountain peaks!")
* "Clouds", a poem by Dora Sigerson Shorter ("Laughter and song for my cheer")

### See also

* Cloud
# Clouds (Brooke)

* "Clouds" from 1914 and other poems (1915)
* "Clouds" from The Collected Poems of Rupert Brooke (1915)
# Cocks v. Izard

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United States Supreme Court
74 U.S. 559
Cocks v. Izard
APPEAL from the Circuit Court of Louisiana.
During the late rebellion, one Anderson, by a proceeding in what was known as 'the Provisional Court of Louisiana'-a court established by proclamation of the President, in October, 1862, when the insurrection which had prevailed in Louisiana, had temporarily subverted and swept away the judicial authorities of the Union, and which, by the terms of its constitution, was to last only until 'the restoration of the civil authority'-brought some sort of suit against one Cocks.
The suit proceeded to execution; and, on execution, the marshal of the said Provisional Court exposed to public sale certain real estate owned by Cocks, in New Orleans, and worth $15,000. Cocks was a resident of Mississippi, and knew nothing of the suit, execution, or exposure to sale. At the sale, one Izard, his tenant, who was there, made a bid of $1500, giving out, and letting it be understood, that he was bidding for account of Cocks, and in his interest. Persons, who were at the sale, thus refrained from bidding, from a wish not to compete; and, competition being so prevented, the property was knocked down to Izard at the sum bid by him.
Izard acknowledged these facts soon after the sale, and promised to reconvey on receiving the money which he had advanced. He afterwards refused to do this.
Cocks now filed a bill in the court below, setting forth the above facts, that Izard had received in rents, in two years, $2500; and praying an account and reconveyance.
Izard demurred, and the court below, sustaining the demurrer, dismissed the bill. Cocks appealed.
Mr. Conway Robinson, for the appellant, asked a reversal of the decree on these two principal grounds:
1st. That the court which rendered the judgment against Izard and issued the execution, was not a court competent to exercise judicial power, consistently with the Constitution of the United States.
2d. That conceding that the court had jurisdiction, the proceedings at the sale were, nevertheless, of such a character as to demand the interposition of a court of equity.
Mr. P. Phillips, contra, contended that the 'Provisional Court,' having been established while war was flagrant, and while the place was in military occupation, was founded on necessity, and being to last only while the necessity lasted, had sufficient jurisdiction. That the mere declaration of one person, that he intended to buy for another person, without evidence of any previous agreement to do so, or of any advance of money for that purpose, raised no trust which could be supported in equity.
That, independently of this, Cocks ought to have applied to the Provisional Court, to set the sale aside and order a resale.
Mr. Justice DAVIS delivered the opinion of the court.

## Notes

* ↑ Lloyd v. Lynch, 28 Pennsylvania State, 423; Pattison v. Horn, 1 Grant, 303.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Cock a doodle doo

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This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* "Cock-a-doodle-do", a traditional nursery rhyme
* "Cock-A-Doodle-Doo!", a short story by Herman Melville
# Cockle v. Flack

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United States Supreme Court
93 U.S. 344
Cockle v. Flack
ERROR to the Circuit Court of the United States for the Northern District of Illinois.
Mr. Robert G. Ingersoll for the plaintiffs in error.
Mr. S. T. Wallis, contra.
MR. JUSTICE MILLER delivered the opinion of the court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Cockrill v. California

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United States Supreme Court
268 U.S. 258
Cockrill v. California
Argued: March 6, 1925. --- Decided: May 11, 1925
Messrs. Algernon Crofton, of San Francisco, Cal., and Charles A. Wetmore, Jr., of Marysville, Cal., for plaintiffs in error.
Mr. F. L. Guerena, of San Francisco, Cal., for the People of the State of California.
Mr. Justice BUTLER delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Cockroft v. Vose/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
United States Supreme Court
81 U.S. 5
Cockroft v. Vose
It does not appear to us that the Court of Appeals in which the case was decided, held the State statute to be valid, and if it did not the jurisdiction of this court cannot be invoked to declare it invalid.
The suit before us was an action on a bond given by the owners of the vessel and their sureties to release her when she had been attached in the original proceeding to enforce the lien, and several questions were raised in the defence, none of which seem, from the pleading, or anything else in the record, to have been founded on the invalidity of the statute. One of these questions evidently was whether the credit was given to the owner personally, or to the vessel; and another was whether, after the bond had been given and the vessel released, the obligors in the bond were not estopped to deny the validity of the proceeding in the attachment suit.
Now, if the court decided the case on this latter ground, as it may have done, or on any of the other grounds except the validity of the statute, we have no jurisdiction.
The inference from the condition of the record, that the court did not decide the statute valid, might receive confirmation from the opinion of that court, if we were at liberty to consider it, for it is there held that the statute is invalid for the very reason given here by the plaintiff in error why we should hold it invalid.
On the whole, we do not find, from anything in the record of this case, that the question relied on here was decided against the right claimed by plaintiff in error, and the writ is, therefore,
DISMISSED.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Chu Ci

The Chu Ci (Chinese: 楚辭; Wade–Giles: Ch'u Tz'u (also known as Verses of Chu, Songs of Chu or Songs of the South) is an anthology of Chinese poetry traditionally attributed mainly to Qu Yuan and Song Yu from the Warring States period (ended 221 BC), though about half of the poems seem to have been composed several centuries later, during the Han dynasty. The traditional version of the Chu Ci contains 17 major sections, anthologized with its current contents by Wang Yi in the 2nd century CE.
# Chronological Table and Index of the Statutes/Table of Variances2

TABLE
EXPLANATORY OF
VARIANCES BETWEEN THE STATUTES OF THE REALM AND RUFFHEAD'S EDITION, WITH RESPECT TO YEARS, STATUTES, AND CHAPTERS.
* ↑ That is in the general heading, and to c. 8 inclusive in the running headings.
* ↑ 9 & 10 in the running headings.
* ↑ 10 & 11 in the running headings.
* ↑ The edition of Ruffhead is that by Serj. Runnington, 1786.
* ↑ Where the year is the same in both editions a slight difference in the titles or otherwise is not usually noticed as a variance.
# Chuang Tzŭ (Giles)

The Zhuangzi (or Chuang Tzŭ; Chinese: 莊子) is a work from China in the late 3rd century BC. It contains stories and anecdotes that exemplify the carefree nature of the ideal Daoist sage. Named for its traditional author, "Master Zhuang", the Zhuangzi is one of the two foundational texts of Daoism, along with the Laozi (Dao De Jing). Warning: template has been deprecated.
Chuang Tzŭ
Mystic, Moralist, and Social Reformer
TRANSLATED FROM THE CHINESE
BY
HERBERT A. GILES
H. B. M.'s Consul at Tamsui
London
BERNARD QUARITCH
1889
CONTENTS.
| | | | Page |
| Introduction | Introduction | Introduction | v |
| Note on the Philosophy of Chuang Tzŭ, by Canon Moore | Note on the Philosophy of Chuang Tzŭ, by Canon Moore | Note on the Philosophy of Chuang Tzŭ, by Canon Moore | xviii |
| CHAPTER | I — | Transcendental Bliss | 1 |
| „ | II — | The Identity of Contraries | 12 |
| „ | III — | Nourishment of the Soul | 33 |
| „ | IV — | Man among Men | 38 |
| „ | V — | The Evidence of Virtue Complete | 56 |
| „ | VI — | The Great Supreme | 68 |
| „ | VII — | How To Govern | 91 |
| „ | VIII — | Joined Toes | 99 |
| „ | IX — | Horses' Hoofs | 106 |
| „ | X — | Opening Trunks | 110 |
| „ | XI — | On Letting Alone | 119 |
| „ | XII — | The Universe | 135 |
| „ | XIII — | The Tao of God | 157 |
| „ | XIV — | The Circling Sky | 173 |
| „ | XV — | Self-Conceit | 190 |
| „ | XVI — | Exercise of Faculties | 195 |
| „ | XVII — | Autumn Floods | 200 |
| „ | XVIII — | Perfect Happiness | 220 |
| „ | XIX — | The Secret of Life | 229 ​ |
| „ | XX — | Mountain Trees | 245 |
| „ | XXI — | T'ien Tzŭ Fang | 261 |
| „ | XXII — | Knowledge travels North | 276 |
| „ | XXIII — | Kêng Sang Ch'u | 294 |
| „ | XXIV — | Hsü Wu Kuei | 311 |
| „ | XXV — | Tsê Yang | 335 |
| „ | XXVI — | Contingencies | 352 |
| „ | XXVII — | Language | 363 |
| „ | XXVIII — | On Declining Power | 370 |
| „ | XXIX — | Robber Chê | 387 |
| „ | XXX — | On Swords | 407 |
| „ | XXXI — | The Old Fisherman | 413 |
| „ | XXXII — | Lieh Tzŭ | 423 |
| „ | XXXIII — | The Empire | 437 |
| Index | Index | Index | 455 |
| Errata and Addenda | Errata and Addenda | Errata and Addenda | 466 |
BY THE SAME AUTHOR.
This work is a translation and has a separate copyright status to the applicable copyright protections of the original content.