OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The New International Encyclopædia/Biwa

Edition of 1905. See also Lake Biwa on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
BIWA, bē'wȧ. A beautiful lake in the southern part of the island of Nippon, Japan (Map: Japan, E 6). It is about 36 miles long, 12 miles in width, and lies at an altitude of about 400 feet. The western shore is mountainous and the eastern is low. There are several small islets in the lake, and fish are found in abundance. Biwa is connected by several canals with the inlet of Osaka, and supplies water-power to the mills and factories in Kyoto.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Blair, Andrew Alexander

Edition of 1905. See also the disclaimer.
​BLAIR. A city and county-seat of Washington County. Neb., 25 miles north by west of Omaha, on the Chicago and Northwestern, and the Chicago, Saint Paul, Minneapolis and Omaha railroads (Map: Nebraska, H 2). It contains a Danish college. The city is the market for the agricultural products and live stock of the vicinity. Population, in 1890, 2069; in 1900, 2970.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Blair, Francis Preston

Edition of 1905. See also Francis Preston Blair on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​BLAIR, Francis Preston (1791-1876). An American journalist and politician, born in Abingdon, Va. He graduated at Transylvania University, Ky., in 1811, and soon afterwards became prominent in State politics. He strongly supported Henry Clay for the Presidency in 1824, but in 1828 became an enthusiastic adherent of Andrew Jackson. In 1830 he went to Washington, on Jackson's invitation, to assume the editorship of the Globe, which was the official organ of the Democratic Party until 1845, when President Polk forced Blair's resignation. Blair supported Van Buren in 1848 and Pierce in 1852, but afterwards joined the newly organized Republican Party, and in 1856 presided over the Pittsburg Convention. In 1860 he was an active supporter of Abraham Lincoln. In December, 1864, he made an unofficial visit to Richmond, and proposed to Jefferson Davis and others who were influential in the Confederate Government the arrangement of a peace on the basis of a joint campaign by the Northern and Southern armies against Maximilian in Mexico. This proposal, though wholly unofficial, led to the famous peace conference of February 3, 1865, at Hampton Roads, between President Lincoln and the Confederate representatives, Stephens, Hunter, and Campbell.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Bituminous Shales

Edition of 1905. See also Oil shale on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
BITUMINOUS SHALES. Beds of shale occurring chiefly in the coal-measures, and containing such an amount of carbon and volatile matter that they are capable of being burned when mixed with but a little coal. They are indeed impure coal, with a large percentage of ash or earthy matter, which after burning retains the original form. See Coal.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Bitzius, Albert

Edition of 1905. See also Jeremias Gotthelf on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
BITZIUS, bēt'sḗ-ōōs, Albert (1797-1854). A Swiss author, known also by his pseudonym, Jeremias Gotthelf. He was born at Murten (Freiburg), studied at Göttingen, and was pastor at Lützelflüh (Bern) from 1832 until his death. His works deal with the Canton of Bern, and are written in the popular dialect. They have become classic in Switzerland, and have found a wider circulation through translations into High German. A fine edition of his complete writings appeared at Chaux-de-Fondes in 1894-96 (4 vols.). Selections are accessible under the title Ausgewählte Erzählungen (1888) in Reclam's Universalbibliothek.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Blainville, Henri Marie Ducrotay de

Edition of 1905. See also Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​BLAINVILLE, blăN'vē̇l', Henri Marie Ducrotay de. See Ducrotay de Blainville.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Bixby, James Thompson

Edition of 1905. See also James Thompson Bixby on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
BIX'BY, James Thompson (1843—). An American Unitarian minister. He was born at Barre, Mass., July 30, 1843; graduated at Harvard College and at Harvard Divinity School; entered the ministry, and has served in various places; since 1885, at Yonkers, N. Y. He was professor of the philosophy of religion in the Meadville Theological School from 1879 to 1883, when he went abroad for study and travel, and in 1885 received the degree of Ph.D. at the University of Leipzig. He is the author of Similarities of Physical and Religious Knowledge (1876; 2d ed. under the title, Religion and Science as Allies, 1889); The Crisis in Morals; Examination of Rational Ethics in the Light of Modern Science (1891; 2d ed. under the title, The Ethics of Evolution, 1900); The New World and the New Thought (1902).
# The Lay of the Last Minstrel/Canto 6

The numbering of the stanzas in this canto goes awry after XXIII, with XXIV being missing. Numbering is one out thereafter.
THE
LAY
OF
THE LAST MINSTREL.
CANTO SIXTH.
THE
LAY OF THE LAST MINSTREL.
CANTO SIXTH.
* ↑ Inch, Isle.
* ↑ Kelpy, the Water Demon.
# The Lay of the Last Minstrel/Canto 5

THE
LAY
OF
THE LAST MINSTREL.
CANTO FIFTH.
THE
LAY OF THE LAST MINSTREL.
CANTO FIFTH.
* ↑ A sort of knife, or poniard.
* ↑ A martial piece of music, adapted to the bagpipes.
* ↑ See p. 82. Stanza XXIII.
* ↑ The spectral apparition of a living person.
* ↑   The lands that over Ouse to Berwick forth do bear, Have for their blazon had, the snafle, spur, and spear. Poly-albion, Song xxxiii.
# The Lay of the Last Minstrel/Introduction

THE
LAY
OF
THE LAST MINSTREL.
CANTO FIRST.
INTRODUCTION.
* ↑ Anne, Duchess of Buccleuch and Monmouth, representative of the ancient Lords of Buccleuch, and widow of the unfortunate James, Duke of Monmouth, who was beheaded in 1685.
* ↑ Francis Scot, earl of Buccleuch, father to the duchess.
* ↑ Walter, earl of Buccleuch, grandfather to the duchess, and a celebrated warrior.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Ferney, The Patriarch of

Edition of 1905. See also Voltaire and Ferney-Voltaire on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
FERNEY, The Patriarch of. Voltaire, so called from his place of retirement near Geneva.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Fernkorn, Anton Dominikus

Edition of 1905. See also Anton Dominik Fernkorn on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
FERNKORN, fārn'kōrn, Anton Dominikus (1813-78). An Austrian sculptor, born at Erfurt, in the Province of Saxony, Prussia. He was a pupil of Stiglmayer and Von Schwanthaler at Munich, and in 1840 established himself, at Vienna, where he executed his first important work, the heroic equestrian statue “Saint George and the Dragon” (courtyard of the Montenuovo Palace). In 1858 he completed for the Cathedral of Speyer six of the eight free-stone statues of the German emperors there buried. He was appointed director of the Imperial bronze-foundry at Vienna, and in that capacity did some of his best work (including the colossal esquestrian statues of the Archduke Karl and of Prince Eugene, 1860 and 1865, in the Burgplatz, Vienna). He was skillful in his designs, but frequently inclined rather to the graphic than the truly plastic.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Feis-Ceoil

Edition of 1905. See also Feis Ceoil on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
FEIS-CEOIL, fäsh'k’-yōl' (Ir., assembly for music, from feis, assembly, and ceoil, gen. sg. of ccol, music). An Irish musical society founded at Dublin in 1897 for the advancement of music, and for the purpose of giving a stimulus to musical studies in that country. It has an annual session at which prizes aggregating £800 are
distributed among the successful competitors. There are competitions for bands, choirs, vocal and instrumental soloists and original compositions. It is specially designed to encourage native talent, and is a very successful institution.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Fernow, Bernhard Eduard

Edition of 1905. See also Bernhard Fernow on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
FER′NOW, Bernhard Eduard (1851—). An American forester. He was born at Inowraclaw, Prussia, and was educated at the Academy of Forestry at Münden, and at the University of Königsberg. He came to the United States in 1876, and became chief of the Division of Forestry in the United States Department of Agriculture in 1886. This position he retained until 1898, when he was appointed director and dean of the New York State College of Forestry of Cornell University. For some time he was editor of The Forester. His publications include: The White Pine (1899) and Report upon Forestry Investigations of the United States Department of Agriculture, 1877-98 (1899), and the Economics of Forestry (1902). The annual reports and bulletins of the Division of Forestry of the United States Department of Agriculture were edited by him from 1886 to 1898.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Feijó, Diogo Antonio

Edition of 1905. See also Diego Antonio Feijó on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
FEIJÓ, or FEIJÓO, fắ-zhō', Diogo Antonio (1784-1843). A Brazilian statesman. He was born at São Paulo, took holy orders in 1807, and was a priest in Parahyba, Campinas, and Itú. In 1822 he was appointed Deputy to the Cortes at Lisbon, but resigned from that body with four other Brazilian Deputies upon the declaration of Brazilian independence. As Deputy and representative of the Liberal Party (1826-33) he presented the bills proposing the reform of the municipalities and advocating the abolition of clerical celibacy. On July 4, 1831, he was appointed Minister of Justice, and served until July 20, 1832. He was regent during the minority of Pedro II., from October 12, 1835, to September 18, 1837, during which time his liberal policy was bitterly attacked by the Conservatives. Because of this opposition he finally resigned.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Ferney

Edition of 1905. See also Ferney-Voltaire on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
FERNEY, or FERNEY-VOLTAIRE, fắr'nắ' vōl'tắr'. A town in the Department of Ain, France, five miles northwest of Geneva (Map: France, M 5). It is noted as the residence from 1758 to 1778 of Voltaire. A bronze statue of the philosopher is one of the ornaments of the town, and the château that he built, containing numerous personal relics, is annually visited by a large number of tourists. Population, in 1901, 1269.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Ferris, Albert Warren

Edition of 1905. See also Albert Warren Ferris on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ FER′RIS, Albert Warren (1856—). An American physician and educator, born in Brooklyn, N. Y. He graduated at New York University in 1878, and at the College of Physicians and Surgeons in 1882. From 1883 to 1885 he was interne in the King's County Hospital, Flatbush, L. I.; from 1885 to 1891 resident and assistant physician in Sanford Hall, a private establishment for the treatment of insane and nervous patients at Flushing, N. Y., and in 1891 began ​medical practice in New York City. In 1893 he was appointed assistant in neurology at Columbia University, and in 1898 also assistant in medicine in the New York University medical department. He collaborated in the preparation of the American Medico-Surgical Bulletin (1894-96); became an editor of The Medical Critic (New York) in 1901; contributed medical articles to the International Year-Book, and was editor-in-charge of the medical department of The New International Encyclopædia.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Feisi

Edition of 1905. See also Faizi on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
FEISI, fī'sḗ, or FEIYASI, Abul Feis ibn Mubarak (1547-95). A celebrated Indo-Persian poet and scholar. He was born in Agra, was deeply learned in many subjects, and received an appointment as Court poet to the Emperor Akbar. He wrote many lyrics, some epics, a commentary on the Koran, and translations of the Māhabhārata and Lilivati. In Professor Max Müller's Introduction to the Science of Religion (1870, last ed. 1882) there are a number of metrical paraphrases of the poems of Feisi.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Feith, Rhijnvis

Edition of 1905. See also Rhijnvis Feith on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
FEITH, fīt, Rhijnvis (1753-1824). A Dutch poet, dramatist, and romancer, of melancholy humor, in singular contrast to his social and literary good fortune. He was born at Zwolle, where, after graduation at Leyden (1770), he became burgomaster in 1780, and published in 1783 Julia, the Dutch Werther, steeped in romantic gloom. This he followed by tragedies, Thirsa (1784), and The Patriots (1785), and another Werther novel, Constantia (1785), which made him the most popular poet of Holland, but provoked bitter criticism for their morbid sentimentality. After six years' silence he published a third tragedy, Lady Jane Grey (1791), and a portentous churchyard poem in four cantos, The Grave (1792). Other tragedies and a didactic poem in six cantos on Old Age (1802), with five volumes of miscellaneous poems (1796-1814), and Poems for Public Worship (1804), complete his works, of which an edition (13 vols.) appeared in 1825. Though now neglected, he is interesting as the Dutch representative of the mood that in Germany produced Novalis (q.v.).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Bridges, Robert (American author)

Edition of 1905. See also Robert Bridges (critic) on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ BRIDGES, Robert (1858—). An American editor and author. He was born at Shippensburg, Pa., July 13, 1858. After graduating at Princeton, he became connected with the New York Evening Post, and in 1887 was made assistant editor of Scribner's Magazine. He is best known for the sprightly reviews which for many years he contributed to Life over the signature ‘Droch.’ He is also the author of poems and of two prose volumes: Overheard in Arcady (1894) and Suppressed Chapters and Other Bookishness (1895). His poems were collected in 1902 under the title Bramble Brae.
# The New International Encyclopædia/British Central Africa Protectorate

Edition of 1905. See also British Central Africa Protectorate on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA PROTECTORATE. A British colonial possession in Central Africa, occupying the eastern part of British Central Africa, known formerly as Nyassaland. It is bounded by Lake Nyassa, Portuguese East Africa. Rhodesia, and German East Africa, and covers an area of over 42,000 square miles. It occupies an elevated plateau, well watered, and with a climate less unhealthful than any of the surrounding territories. The principal river is the Shire, which crosses the province of that name. The chief agricultural products are rice and coffee, the latter being cultivated mostly in the Shire Province. The introduction of wheat has been attended with considerable success. The chief exports are coffee, rubber, and ivory. The total value of the imports and exports for 1901 amounted to $710,000 and about $190,000, respectively, showing a considerable decline from 1900. The chief inland port of the protectorate is Chiromo, at the junction of the rivers Ruo and Shire. The British Government maintains a naval station and free port at Chinde, on the coast of Portuguese East Africa. The government of the protectorate is administered by a commissioner under the Foreign Office. For administrative purposes the protectorate is divided into twelve districts. The revenue is derived chiefly from a hut tax, customs duties, and a Government grant. The local revenues and total expenditures for 1901 amounted to $240,000 and $380,000, respectively. There is a military force of about 1300, under British and Sikh officers, besides a naval force of three gunboats. There is a telegraph line across the protectorate to Lake Tanganyika, which is to be extended to the Nile. The native population of the protectorate, calculated on the basis of the hut tax, is about 900,000. The larger part of the population is confined to the Shire Province, while large tracts of territory are uninhabited, on account of the slave raids of former times. The European population numbers about 450. The largest town is Blantyre. on the Portuguese frontier, with a population of over 6000. including about 100 Europeans. The headquarters of the administration are at Zomba. The trade ports are Port Herald, Chiromo, and Kotakota (the last on Lake Nyassa).
British Central Africa Protectorate was organized in 1891 out of a part of the territory administered by the British South Africa Company, and was put directly under the Foreign Office. In 1895 war was carried on with various tribes on the southern frontier, which, under the leadership of Arab slave-traders, had been raiding the country on man-hunting expeditions. In 1898 and 1899 considerable progress was made toward determining the boundary between the protectorate and German and Portuguese East Africa.
Consult: Johnston, British Central Africa (London, 1897); Scott Keltie, The Partition of Africa (London, 1895); Decle, Three Years in Savage Africa (London, 1897).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Bridger's Pass

Edition of 1905. See also Bridger Pass on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ BRIDG′ER'S PASS. An elevated defile in the Rocky Mountains, in southern Wyoming, through which the overland stages went before the opening of the Pacific Railroad. It is several miles long, and in most places has almost perpendicular side walls from 1000 to 2500 feet high.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Bridges, Law Relating to

Edition of 1905. See also Bridge law on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ BRIDGES, Law Relating to. Legislative authority to erect a bridge is necessary in three cases: First, when toll is demanded for its use—the right to take toll being a franchise (q.v.), which cannot be claimed without express grant from the State; second, when the State owns the bed of the stream over which the bridge extends, as is the case in all public or navigable streams; third, when the structure interferes or threatens to interfere with navigation. In the last case the authority of our State governments is subject to the power given to Congress by the Federal Constitution to “regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several States.” (Art. I., §8.) The States may authorize bridges over navigable streams, and may regulate their size, form, and manner of construction. Until Congress intervenes in such cases the power of the States is unlimited. When it does intervene, however, its will is supreme, and its legislation, within the limits of the constitutional grant, overrides that of any State. A bridge constructed over a navigable river in accordance with an act of Congress is a lawful structure, however much it may interfere with the public right of navigation. See Rivers, Navigable.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Bridges, Robert (English poet)

Edition of 1905. See also Robert Bridges on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ BRIDG′ES, Robert (1844—). An English poet. He was educated at Eton and at Corpus Christi College, Oxford; studied medicine at Saint Bartholomew's Hospital, London; and held several important hospital appointments before his retirement (1882). Bridges has published eight plays and several volumes of verse, often privately printed. His choicest poems (with bibliography) have been reprinted in three volumes (London, 1898-1901). Late Victorian poetry probably has nothing better than Prometheus; Achilles in Scyros; and Shorter Poems. Bridges has also written on Milton and Keats. Especially noteworthy is his Milton's Prosody (Oxford, 1893), which has been enlarged and reprinted with an essay by W. J. Stone on “Classical Metres in English Verse” (Oxford, 1901).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Bridgenorth, Alice

Edition of 1905. See also Peveril of the Peak on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ BRIDGE′NORTH, Alice. The heroine of Scott's novel Peveril of the Peak. She is the daughter of a stanch Roundhead and the sweetheart of an ardent Cavalier, whom she finally marries at the Restoration.
# The New International Encyclopædia/British East Africa

Edition of 1905. See also the disclaimer.
​BRITISH EAST AFRICA. All the territory within the British sphere of influence, situated between German East Africa, Congo Free State, and French Congo on the south and west, Italian Somaliland, Abyssinia, and Egyptian Sudan on the north, and the Indian Ocean on the east (Map: Congo Free State. G 2). Outside of this territory under the immediate control of the British Foreign Office, British East Africa also embraces the islands of Zanzibar and Pemba, which are under the rule of the Sultan of Zanzibar. A large part of the territory of British East Africa constituted formerly the dominions of the British East Africa Company. Its area is estimated at 1,000.000 square miles, but these figures can hardly be considered as accurate, in view of the fact that the northern boundary line, separating the Egyptian Sudan, and a part of the western boundary are only vaguely outlined. For administrative purposes the colony is divided into the protectorate of Uganda (q.v.) and British East Africa Protectorate (q.v.).
# The Life of Captain James Cook/Dedication

I ESTEEM myself highly honoured in being permitted to dedicate and present the Life of CAPTAIN JAMES COOK to Your Majesty. It was owing to Your Majesty's Royal patronage and bounty, that this illustrious Navigator was enabled to execute those vast undertakings, and to make those extraordinary discoveries, which have contributed so much to the reputation of the British empire , and have reflected such peculiar glory on Your Majesty's reign. Without Your Majesty's munificence and encouragement, the world would have remained destitute of that immense light which has been thrown on geography, navigation, and the most important sciences. To Your Majesty, therefore, a Narrative of a the Life and Actions of Captain Cook is with particular propriety addressed.
It is impossible, on this occasion, to avoid extending my thoughts to the other noble instances in which Your Majesty's liberal protection of science and literature has been displayed. Your Majesty began Your reign in a career so glorious to princes : and wonderful has been the increase of knowledge and taste in this country. The improvements in philosophical science, and particularly in astronomy; the exertions of experimental and chemical enquiry, the advancement of natural history, the progress and perfection of the polite arts , and the valuable compositions that have been produced in every department of learning, have corresponded with Your Majesty's gracious wishes and encouragement, and have rendered the name of Britain famous in every quarter of the globe. If there be any persons who, in these respects, would depreciate the present times, in comparison with those which have preceded them , it may falsely be asserted that such persons have not duly attended to the history of literature. The course of my studies has enabled me to speak with some confidence on the subject; and to say, that Your Majesty's reign is eminently distinguished by one of the greatest glories that can belong to a monarch.
Knowledge and virtue constitute the chief happiness of a nation : and it is devoutly to be wished that the virtue of this country were equal to its knowledge. If it be not so, this does not arise from the want of an illustrious example in the person of Your Majesty , and that of Your Royal Confort??. The pattern which is set by the King and Queen of Great Britain, of those qualities which are the truest ornaments and felicities of life, affords a strong incitement to the imitation of the same excellencies; and cannot fail of contributing to the more a extensive prevalence of that moral conduct on which the welfare of society so greatly depends.
That Your Majesty may possess every felicity in Your Royal Person and Family, and enjoy a long and prosperous reign, over an enlightened , a free , and a happy people, is the sincere and ardent prayer of
          SIR,
                YOUR MAJESTY'S MOST FAITHFUL,
                   AND MOST OBEDIENT,
                      SUBJECT AND SERVANT,
                      Andew Kippis.
    Crown Street, Westminster,
       June 13, 1788
# The New International Encyclopædia/Cat-Thyme

Edition of 1905. See also the disclaimer.
​ CAT-THYME, tīm. See Germander.