OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Schirling

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​ Schirling, see Schierling.
# American Hide Leather Company v. United States

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
284 U.S. 343
American Hide Leather Company v. United States
Argued: Nov. 25, 1931. --- Decided: Jan 4, 1932
Messrs. William E. Hayes and George E. Hamilton, both of Washington, D. C., for petitioner.
The Attorney General and Mr. Charles B. Rugg, Asst. Atty. Gen., for the United States.
Mr. Justice STONE delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# American History Told by Contemporaries

* Volume 1 — Era of Colonization,1492-1689
* Volume 2 — Building of the Republic,1689-1783
* Volume 3 — National Expansion,1783-1845
* Volume 4 — Welding of the Nation,1845-1900
* Volume 5 — Twentieth Century United States, 1900-1929
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Ente

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​ Ente, f., ‘duck,’ from the equiv. MidHG. ęnte (for *ęnete), ant (plur. ęnte), OHG. anut, ęnit, f.; a term common to Teut.; comp. MidLG. anet(d), Du. eend, AS. œned, OIc. ǫnd, f., ‘duck.’ The assumed Goth. form *anuþs points to a primit. kinship with Lat. anat-, ‘duck,’ with which some have also connected Sans. âti (see, however, Eider), as well as OSlov. ątĭ, Lith. ántis, ‘duck.’ For the E. term ‘duck’ (AS. dûce), see tauchen). —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Enterich

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​ Enterich (Suab. antrecht), m., ‘drake,’ a modification of MidHG. antreche, OHG. antrahho (Dan. andrik); probably the correct form is *anutirahho?. In LG. simply Drake, equiv. to E. drake, which has certainly nothing to do with Drache, ‘dragon,’ Lat. draco. Other terms for drake are LG. erpel in Pomerania, weddik in Mecklenburg, and wart in Holstein, all of obscure origin. Note further Swiss and Bav. Entvogel for Enterich.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Epheu

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​ Epheu, m., ‘ivy,’ from the equiv. MidHG. ëphöu, ëbehöu, OHG. ëbahęwi, n.; even at the present day the word is pronounced Ep-heu in UpGer. dialects (Franc., Suab., and Alem.), partly corrupted to Räb-heu, while the ModHG. pronunciation has been influenced by the written language. Of course it is impossible to say positively whether Heu is to be regarded as the second component, especially as the other forms are difficult to explain. OHG. has also ëbawi, ëbah, AS. îfig, E. ivy, MidLG. îflôf, îwlôf, Du. eiloof, ‘ivy.’ The base of the cognates seems to be a common Teut. ī̆ba-; yet no definitive clue can be found.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Erchtag

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​ Erchtag, Bav., see Dienstag.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Erde

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​ Erde, f., ‘earth, ground, soil, world,’ from the equiv. MidHG. ërde, OHG. ërda, f.; a word common to Teut.; comp. Goth. airþa, OIc. jǫrð, AS. eorðe, E. earth, Du. aarde, OSax. ërtha, f., ‘earth,’ To the dental derivative ër-þô, OHG. ëro, ‘earth,’ also belongs; so too Gr. ἔρ-αὗε, ‘to earth,’ and perhaps Lat. arvum, ‘arable land’ (AS. eard), as well as the old Aryan root ar, ‘to plough’; see Acker, Art. —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Eppich

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​ Eppich, m., ‘celery, parsley,’ with LG. consonants, from MidHG. ępfĭch, OHG. ępfī̆h, n., which are preceded by the shorter forms, MidHG. ępfe, ęffe, OHG. ępfi, n. This word, like other names of plants connected with horticulture and cookery, was borrowed previous to the OHG. period (see Kohl) from Lat.; the original word in this instance is apium, which denotes a species of umbelliferous plants, comprising parsley, celery, &c.; only in ModHG. has Eppich been confused in meaning with Epheu.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Erbse

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​ Erbse, f., ‘pea,’ from the equiv. MidHG. arcweiȥ, ęrweiȥ, ęrwiȥ, f., OHG. araweiȥ, arwîȥ, f.; corresponding to OLG. ęrit, Du. erwt, ert, OIc. ertr, plur. The cognates are probably borrowed, as is indicated by the similarity in sound to Gr. ἐρέβινθος and ὄροβος, ‘chick-pea’ (see Almosen); comp. also Lat. ervum, ‘bitter vetch,’ akin to the equiv. AS. earfe. Direct adoption from Gr. or Lat. is impossible; the way it was introduced cannot be discovered. Probably Erbse is one of the words which Gr. and Teut. have obtained from the same source, as in the case of Hanf. In Eng., Lat. pisum (Fr. pois) was adopted for ‘pea’ early in the AS. period; comp. AS. peose, pise, E. pease (and pea).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Ereignis

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​ Ereignis, n., ‘event, occurrence,’ for an earlier eröugnis from MidHG. eröugen, OHG. ir-ougen, ‘to show.’ OHG. ougen, Goth. augjan, ‘to show,’ are derivatives of Auge. Hence eröugnis means lit. ‘what is shown, what can be seen.’ The spelling Ereignis, found even in the 16th cent., was due to the corruption of a word no longer understood.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Erbe

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​ Erbe, n., ‘heritage, inheritance,’ from MidHG. ęrbe, OHG. ęrbi, arbi, n., ‘inheritance’; a word common to Teut.; comp. the equiv. Goth. arbi, AS. yrfe (obsolete in E.), Du. erf, OSax. ęrƀi. Akin to Erbe, m., ‘heir, inheritor,’ from the equiv. MidHG. ęrbe, OHG. ęrbo, arbeo (Goth. arbja), m. With the Teut. root arbh, ‘to inherit,’ some have connected the OIr. comarpi, ‘joint heirs,’ and Gr. ὀρφανός, Lat. orbus, ‘orphaned,’ Armen. orb, ‘orphan’; Erbe, lit. ‘orphan’?.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Erdbeere

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​ Erdbeere, f., ‘strawberry,’ from the equiv. MidHG. ërtbęr, OHG. ërtbęri, n.; perhaps not really a compound of Erde, but of OSax. erda, ‘honey-flower, common balm’; yet Swed. jordbär, tells in favour of a compound of Erde.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Deube

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​ Deube, see Dieb.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Deut

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​ Deut, f., ‘doit, trifle,’ simply ModHG., from Du. duit, ‘smallest coin’ (whence also E. doit); the latter is of Scand. origin; OIc. þveit, ‘a small coin’ (from þvíta, ‘to cut’).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Dieb

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Dieb | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Dieb, m., ‘thief,’ from the equiv. MidHG. diep(b), OHG. diob, m.; common to the Teut. group; comp. Goth. þiufs(b), Du. dief, AS. þeóf, E. thief. The word cannot be traced beyond Teut. In the sense of ‘Diebstahl,’ E. has a form with a dental suffix — AS. þŷfþ, f. (OIc. þýfð, s., Goth. *þiubiþa), E. theft. The form in HG. is a j- stem — OHG. diuba (diuva), MidHG. diube (diuve), earlier ModHG. Deube (as late as Logau, 1604-1655), which is now met with only in Wilddeube, ‘petty poaching.’ The latter forms the base of ModHG. Diebstahl, in MidHG. diepstâle and diupstâle (OSwed. þiufstolet), lit. ‘theft-stealing.’ The second part of the compound expresses the same idea as the first; Dieb is simply the concrete which has replaced the abstract; comp. Goth. þiubi, n., and its adv. form þiubjô, ‘secretly.’ Besides the masc. Dieb, there existed in OHG. and MidHG. a feminine form, which in Goth. would have been *þiubi; comp. OHG. diupa, MidHG. diupe, ‘female thief.’ We must seek for the primit. word in a pre-Teut. root with a final p; this is proved by OHG. diuva, MidHG. diuve, f., ‘theft’; comp. the Aryan root tup, ‘to duck,’ under Ducht.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Demut

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​ Demut, f., ‘submissiveness, humility,’ from the equiv. MidHG. dêmuot, diemuot, diemüete, OHG. deomuoti, ‘condescension, gentleness, modesty.’ The correctly developed form from the OHG. deomuoti would be ModHG. Diemüte; the present form is due partly to LG. influence, partly to its having been connected with Armut; but while in the latter -ut is properly a suffix, OHG. deomuoti, f., is a compound. The second component is a deriv. of OHG. muot (see Mut); OHG. dio, however, is Goth. þius (stem þiwa-; comp. dienen, Dirne, and also Degen), ‘hind, servant’; Demut is ‘the befitting quality of a servant, the disposition of the attendant.’ Neither the word nor the idea is OTeut. (the Goth. said hauneins, ‘abasement, baseness,’ for Demut); both were introduced by Christianity.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Deichsel

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​ Deichsel (1.), f. ‘pole, thill, shaft,’ from the equiv. MidHG. dîhsel, OHG. dîhsala, f.; comp. OIc. þísl, AS. þîxl, þîsl, Du. dissel, OLG. thîsla, f. It has no connection with E. thill, which is related rather to ModHG. Diele. A word peculiar to the Teut. dialects, and of obscure origin; perhaps Lat. témo, ‘pole, shaft,’ is primit. allied (if it represents ​teixmo; comp. âla from *axla, under Achsel). The Aryans had learnt the way to build waggons in their Asiatic home ere the separated into different tribes: this is proved by the words Joch, Nabe, Rad, Wagen.
Deichsel (2.), f., ‘adze’; comp. MidHG. dëhsel, OHG. dëhsala, ‘axe, hatchet’; from a Teut. root þehs, equiv. to Aryan teks. Comp. OSlov. tesati, ‘to hew,’ Lith. taszýti, ‘to hew, fashion with an axe,’ Sans. takšan, ‘carpenter’ (see under Dachs). The ei of the ModHG. word is based upon a variant þîhs, which is MidG. and LG.; numerous HG. dialects preserve the old e.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Dienstag

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​ Dienstag, m., ‘Tuesday,’ a West Teut. word, which has quite as important a bearing upon the religious views of the Teutons as Ostern. Originally there were three names for the day. One contains in the first component of the compound the name of the OTeut. god Tiu, to whom the day was sacred; OIc. Týsdagr, AS. Tîwesdœg, E. Tuesday, preserve this name in the gen. (comp. Goth. baurgswaddjus, just as if Burgsmauer were used for Burgmauer; see Nachtigall). OHG. Zio (OIc. Týr) is a primit. deity whose worship the Teutons brought with them from their Asiatic home; it is identical with Gr. Ζεύς (for δjεύς), gen. Διός (for διϝός, hence corresponding to Goth. *Tius-dags); Lat. Jupiter, Jovis (for *djovis); Sans. Djâus, gen. Divás; orig. the word meant simply ‘sky,’ then the sky personified as a god. Among the Teutons Tiu appears as a god of war; this change of meaning is explained by the supposition that Tiu, corresponding to the Greek Zeus, was at first regarded simply as the chief god, but was afterwards connected with the main occupation of our ancestors, i.e. war (see kühn). From Tiu, OHG. Zio, ‘Tuesday’ in OAlem. is termed (OHG.) Ziostac, (MidHG.) Ziestac (Ziestag in Hebel). Another appellation is the OBav. Ertac (Erchtag), instead of which, on the adoption of Christianity in the east of Suabia, the word aftermœntig, ‘after Monday,’ was introduced. In the Franc. and Sax. dialects the term dingestag has existed from time immemorial, and was at one time incorrectly thought to mean ‘court-day’ (see Ding). The latter word, however, is based rather on an attribute of the OTeut. Tiu, who in a Teut.-Lat. inscription is designated Mars Thingsus. Thinx is the Lomb. term for Ding, ‘assembly of the people,’ hence Thinxus, the god of the assemblies. Among the Sax., Fris., and Francon. tribes Tuesday was sacred to this god; comp. MidDu. dinxendach, MidLG. dingsedach, earlier ModHG. dingsdag.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Deich

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​ Deich, m., ‘dike’; MidHG. tîch, m.; since the HG. word would, according to phonetic laws, begin with t, we must suppose that it has been influenced, like Dampf perhaps, by LG.; comp. LG. dîk, Du. dijk, AS. dîc, E. dike. Respecting their identity with HG. Teich and E. dike (‘a ditch’), see Teich.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Diele

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​ Diele, f., ‘plank, board,’ from MidHG. dil, dille, f., m., ‘board, partition of boards, boarded floor’ (in LG. ‘vestibule’), OHG. ​dili, m. (neut.?), dilla, f., with the same meaning. Originally Teut. þeloz, þiliz, n., ‘board,’ was þiljôn, ‘made of boards’; comp. AS. þël, ‘board,’ OIc. þilja, ‘rowing seat’ (Finn. teljo ‘ship's beam, oar-bench,’ comes from Teut.). Comp. further Du. deel, ‘board, floor,’ MidLG. dêle, ‘board.’ Lith. tile, ‘plank of a boat,’ OSlov. tĭlo, ‘ground,’ Sans. tala-m, ‘surface,’ seem to be primit. allied; also Lat. tellus, ‘earth’?.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Dietrich

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​ Dietrich, m., ‘false key’ (in UpGer. Nachschlüssel), occurs late in MidHG.; the age of the word and of its meaning is attested by the loan-word Swed. dyrk (Dan. dirk), which has the same signification, and is, like the ModHG. proper name Dierk, ‘Derry,’ a pet name from Dietrich, ‘Derrick.’ Similarly, instead of ‘Dietrich,’ Peterchen (Peterken), ‘Peterkin,’ and Klaus (Klöschen), ‘Nick,’ are used, probably because Peter, ‘Peter,’ like Dietrich, ‘Derrick,’ and Nikolaus, ‘Nicholas,’ are favourite Christian names, which might serve to veil (in thieves' slang?) the term ‘false key’ (comp. Ital. grimaldello) The word in MidHG. is miteslüȥȥel, OHG. aftersluȥȥil.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Demant

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​ Demant, Diamant, m., ‘diamond, adamant,’ from the equiv. MidHG. diamant, dîemant, from Fr. diamant, Ital. diamante (Lat. adamantem).
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Woodforde, Francis Cardew

From volume 4 of the work.
​Woodforde, Francis Cardew, 1s. Francis Henry, of Taunton, Somerset, doctor. Exeter Coll., matric. 30 Nov., 1865, aged 19; B.A. 1869. See Foster's Our Noble and Gentle Families.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Woodford, Thomas (2)

From volume 4 of the work.
​Woodford, Thomas, s. Francis, of Ansford, Somerset, cler. Worcester Coll., matric. 25 Jan., 1797, aged 17; B.A. 1800, M.A. 1805, rector of Pointingdon and South Barrow, Somerset, 1810, and of Ansford 1832, until his death 19 Feb., 1836.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Woodforde, James (1)

From volume 4 of the work.
​Woodforde, James, s. Samuel, of Ansford, Somerset, cler. Oriel Coll., matric. 8 May, 1758, aged 17; B.A. from New Coll. 1763, M.A. 1767, B.D. 1775, rector of Weston Longueville, Norfolk, 1775, until his death 1 Jan., 1803.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Woodford, Thomas (1)

From volume 4 of the work.
​Woodford, Thomas, s. Thomas, of St. Benet Fink, London, arm. Exeter Coll., matric. 24 May, 1726, aged 17.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Woodford, Samuel

From volume 4 of the work.
​Woodford, Samuel, s. Samuel, of Leicester (town), gent. Queen's Coll., matric. 20 Jan., 1790, aged 20; B.A. 1792.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Woodford, John (3)

From volume 4 of the work.
​Woodford, John, s. Heighes, of Epsom, Surrey, cler. Wadham Coll., matric. 12 July, 1723, aged 17; rector of North Curry, Somerset.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Woodford, Matthew

From volume 4 of the work.
​Woodford, Matthew, s. Matthew, of Southampton, Hants, arm. Christ Church, matric. 8 July, 1755, aged 17; B.A. 1759, M.A. 1762, rector of Tadmorton, Oxon, 1780, and of Chilbolton with Upham, Hants, 1789, rector of Crawley and Calbourn, Hants, preb. of Winchester 1780, archdeacon 1795, until his death 30 Sep., 1807.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Woodford, Robert

From volume 4 of the work.
​Woodford, Robert, s. Thomas, of St. Benet Fink, London, arm. Exeter Coll., matric. 23 Oct., 1729, aged 17; bar.-at-law, Inner Temple, 1735, bencher 1766, one of the six clerks in chancery 1753-80, and cursitor for the counties of Worcester and Sussex, died at Taplow, Bucks, 28 Dec., 1780.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Woodford, William

From volume 4 of the work.
​Woodford, William, s. Henry, of Newport, Isle of Wight, Hants, pleb. Hart Hall, matric. 21 Feb., 1721-2, aged 16; B.A. from Corpus Christi Coll. 25 Feb., 1725-6, M.A. 1728, brother John 1716.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Woodford, John (2)

From volume 4 of the work.
​Woodford, John, s. John, of Silsoe, Reds, gent. Pembroke Coll., matric. 17 Oct., 1717, aged 18; B.A. 1721.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Bagger

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​Bagger, m., ‘dredging-machine’; like many words with gg (comp. Flagge), it is not prop. HG. (since gg in HG. must have been changed to ck), but from LG. bagger, identical with Du. bagger, ‘mud at the bottom of water.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Bai

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​ Bai (1.), f., ‘bay of a window,’ from MidHG. beie, ‘window,’ which with the following word is of Rom. origin; comp. E. bay, Fr. baie, ‘bay (of a window).’
Bai (2.), f., ‘bay,’ derived through LG. from E. bay (MidE. baie), which was borrowed from Rom.; Fr. baie, Ital. baja, Span. and Iber. (in Isidore), baja, ‘haven’; prop. identical with the preceding word.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Balche

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​ Balche, f., see Bolch.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Balcon

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Balcon | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Balcon, see Balken.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Baden

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​ Baden, the name of a place, is prop. dat. plur. of Bad, ‘at the baths’ (so too E. Bath); probably an imitation of Lat. aquae in names of places.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Bahn

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​ Bahn, f., ‘path, track, career,’ from MidHG. bane, ban, f., m., ‘road, way’; allied to MidDu. bane, Du. baan. No word identical with this is found in any of the older periods of the Teut. group. The cognates of bohnen are probably allied to it.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Bahre

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Bahre | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Bahre, f., ‘barrow, bier,’ from the equiv. MidHG. bâre, OHG. bâra, f.; Goth. *bêra or *bêrô, f.; AS. bœ̂r, bœ̂re, E. bier; E. barrow (MidE. barewe), belongs to a different gradation since it presupposes Goth. *barwa; comp. OIc. barar, plur. ‘bier,’ Goth. *barôs. The pre-Teut. phonetic form is bhérâ-. From the OHG. word is derived the equiv. Ital. bara (barella), Fr. bière. The root is the primit. Aryan bher, ‘to carry,’ which is widely diffused, and appears in ModHG. Bürde, gebären, Geburt, as well as in Zuber; it occurs in Ind. as bhar, in Gr. as φερ, in Lat. as fer. From this root the OTeut. languages, in agreement with all the other Aryan tongues, formed a str. vb., Goth. baìran, OHG. bëran, MidHG. bërn (the latter means only ‘to bear fruit, produce, give birth to’), AS. bëran, E. to bear. Comp. espec. gebären.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Bader

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​ Bader, m., ‘barber,’ from MidHG. badœre, ‘one who looks after the bathers in the bath-house.’ “In the later period of the Middle Ages it was a custom to get the beard shaved and the hair cut by the Bader at the end of the bath.”