OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Mayne, Richard

​MAYNE, Sir RICHARD (1796–1868), police commissioner, fourth son of Edward Mayne, one of the judges of the court of king's bench in Ireland, was born in Dublin on 27 Nov. 1796. He was educated at Trinity College, Dublin, where he graduated B.A. in 1818, and then, proceeding to Trinity College, Cambridge, was incorporated B.A. in 1818, and proceeded M.A. in 1821. He was called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn on 9 Feb. 1822, and went the northern circuit. On the institution of the metropolitan police, 29 Sept. 1829, Colonel (afterwards Sir) Charles Rowan and Mayne were appointed joint-commissioners, and in 1850, on the resignation of the former, the latter became chief commissioner. With his colleague he had to raise, organise, and train a small army, to instruct them in duties hitherto unknown in England, and to teach them to discharge their office with patience and consideration. In ​ addition, a system had to be created dealing with great public gatherings and for controlling street traffic. Great ability, industry, and patience had to be exercised, and much active service by day and night. The number of police ultimately under his command reached about seven thousand men. The portion forming the X Division Mayne originally recruited to take charge of the International Exhibition of 1862. In July 1866, during the Hyde Park riots, Mayne was ill-treated by some of the mob. But his management of the police was very successful during his long tenure of office. For his services he was created a C.B., 29 April 1848, and on the close of the Great Exhibition of 1851 was promoted to be K.C.B. on 25 Oct. He died at 80 Chester Square, London, 26 Dec. 1868, and on 30 Dec. was buried in Kensal Green cemetery, where a monument to his memory was unveiled on 25 Jan. 1871. In 1831 he married Georgiana Marianne Catherine, eldest daughter of Thomas Carvick of Wyke, Yorkshire. She was granted a civil list pension of 150l. on 21 April 1870.
His son, Richard Charles Mayne (1835–1892), admiral, was educated at Eton, and entered the navy in 1847. After serving in the Baltic and Black Seas and the Sea of Azof in 1854–5, he went out to New Zealand, where he was wounded in 1863, and commanded the survey expedition to the Straits of Magellan (1866–9). He retired with the rank of rear-admiral on 27 Nov. 1879, and was made a C.B., and on 26 Nov. 1885 was gazetted a retired vice-admiral. After unsuccessfully contesting the parliamentary representation of the Pembroke and Haverfordwest district in the conservative interest in 1885, he was returned in 1886. He died suddenly, after attending a Welsh national banquet at the Mansion House, London, on 29 May 1892. He was author of ‘Four Years in British Columbia and Vancouver Island,’ 1862, and of ‘Sailing Directions for Magellan Straits and Channels leading to the Gulf of Penas,’ 1871 (Times, 30 May 1892).
[Law Times, 1869, xlvi. 178; Register and Magazine of Biography, 1869, i. 113–15, 358; Times, 28 Dec. 1868 p. 7, 29 Dec. pp. 6, 7; Illustr. London News, 1869 liv. 23, 45, 1871 lviii. 117.]
G. C. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Maynard, John (fl.1611)

Baptised in 1577, died in or before 1633, according to the ODNB.
​MAYNARD, JOHN (fl. 1611), lutenist, and, according to Wood, one of the first who used the lyra-viol (Manuscript Lives), was probably born in Shropshire. It appears from the preface to 'The Twelve Wonders,' that he belonged at one time to the household of Caux (or Cause) Castle, Shropshire. In 1611 Maynard was lutenist to the school of St. Julian (once the hospital for lepers) in Hertfordshire.
Maynard's volume of songs, of which he appears to have written words and music, was printed by Thomas Snodham for John Brown in 1611. The title runs, 'The Twelve Winders of the World, set and composed for the Violl de gambo, the Lute, and the Voyce to sing the Verse, all three jointly and none severall; also Lessons for the Lute and Bass-violl to play alone; with some Lessons to play Lyra-wayes alone, or if you will to fill up the parts with another Violl set Lute-waye.' A canon, in eight parts, is on the title-page. Wood quotes some of the verses (Athenæ, iii. 892). The work is dedicated to Joan, wife of John Thynne, son and successor to the founder of Longleat. A manuscript organ voluntary by Maynard is in a volume of manuscript music, once in the possession of Richard Clark, and now in the library of the Royal College of Music.
[Grove's Dict. of Music, ii. 241; Chauncy's Hertfordshire, p. 506; authorities cited.]
L. M. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Mayne, John

​MAYNE, JOHN (1759–1836), Scottish poet, was born at Dumfries, 26 March 1759. Educated in the local grammar school, he became a printer in the office of the ‘Dumfries Journal.’ In 1782 he accompanied his family to Glasgow, where he was engaged for five years in the publishing house of the brothers Foulis. In 1787 he settled in London, first as a printer, and then as proprietor and joint editor of the ‘Star,’ an evening paper, in which he inserted several of his poems. He had written poetry in Dumfries, and after 1777 he occasionally contributed poems to ‘Ruddiman's Weekly Magazine,’ Edinburgh. Between 1807 and 1817 several of his lyrics appeared in the ‘Gentleman's Magazine.’ Although expressing in verse a strong desire to revisit Dumfries, Mayne never realised his wish. He died at Lisson Grove, London, 14 March 1836.
Mayne's ‘Siller Gun,’ descriptive of a Dumfries wapinschaw (wherein the competitors are members of the corporations, and the prize a silver cannon-shaped tube presented by James VI), consisted of twelve stanzas when it appeared in 1777. Enlarged to two cantos in 1779, and to three and four in 1780 and 1808 respectively, it took final shape in five cantos with notes in 1836. It is vivacious and humorous, conceived and worked in the spirit of ‘Peblis to the Play.’ Scott considers it superior to anything of Fergusson's and approaching the excellence of Burns (note to Lady of the Lake, v. 20). Mayne's ‘Hallowe'en,’ published in ‘Ruddiman's Weekly Magazine,’ in November 1780, probably stimulated Burns's brilliant treatment of the same theme (Chambers, Life and Work of Burns, i. 154, ed. 1851). ‘Logan Braes,’ which appeared in the ‘Star,’ 23 May 1789, is a song so daintily attuned to the old Scottish spirit and manner that Burns, thinking it a vagrant of an early master, appropriated two of its lines in a ‘Logan Braes’ of his own. ‘Glasgow,’ a poem of description and characterisation, published in the ‘Glasgow Magazine’ in December 1783, was favourably noticed in the ‘Transactions of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland,’ i. 451, and was enlarged and issued in 1803. In the same year Mayne published a patriotic address entitled ‘English, Scots, and Irishmen.’
[Gent. Mag. May 1836; Grant Wilson's Poets and Poetry of Scotland; MacDowall's Dumfries, p. 724; Chambers's Scottish Songs prior to Burns.]
T. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Walker, Thomas Larkins

​WALKER, THOMAS LARKINS (d. 1860), architect, son of Adam Walker, was a pupil of Augustus Charles Pugin [q. v.], and a co-executor of his will. He designed (1838–9) All Saints' Church, Spicer Street, Mile End; 1839, Camphill House, Warwickshire, for J. Craddock; 1839–40, church at Attleborough, Nuneaton, for Lord Harrowby; 1840–2, St. Philip's Church, Mount Street, Bethnal Green; 1841, hospital at Bedworth, Warwickshire; 1842, Hartshill church, Warwickshire; and restored the church at Ilkeston, Derbyshire.
During part of his practice he resided at Nuneaton, and subsequently at Leicester. Emigrating to China, he died at Hongkong on 10 Oct. 1860.
He published various illustrated architectural works in the style of Augustus Pugin's productions, viz.: 1. ‘Vicar's Close Wells,’ 1836, 4to. 2. ‘Manor House and Church at Great Chalfield, Wilts,’ 1837, 4to. 3. ‘Manor House of South Wraxhall, Wilts, and Church of St. Peter at Biddlestone,’ 1838, 4to. These three volumes are in continuation of Pugin's ‘Examples of Gothic Architecture,’ and the plates in the first-named are by Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin [q. v.] 4. ‘The Church of Stoke Golding, Leicestershire,’ 1844, 4to, for Weale's ‘Quarterly Papers on Architecture.’ He also edited Davy's ‘Architectural Precedents,’ 1841, 8vo, in which he included an article on architectural practice and the specification of his own hospital at Bedworth.
[Architectural Publication Society's Dictionary; Gent. Mag. 1861, i. 337.]
P. W.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Wall, John (1588-1666)

​WALL, JOHN (1588–1666), divine, was born in 1588 'of genteel parents' in the city of London and educated at Westminster school, whence he went to Christ Church, Oxford, in 1604, graduating B.A. in 1608, M.A. in 1611, and B.D. in 1618 (Welch, Queen's Scholars, p. 72). In 1617 he was appointed vicar of St. Aldate's, Oxford, where he gained some fame as a preacher. In 1623 he received the degree of D.D.; in 1632 he was made canon of Christ Church, Oxford; in 1637 he was appointed to the living of Chalgrove; and in 1644 to a canonry at Salisbury. He was also chaplain to Philip Stanhope, first earl of Chesterfield [q. v.] Wood (Athenæ Oxon.) describes him as a 'quaint preacher in the age in which he lived.' He was deprived of his canonry at Christ Church by the parliamentary visitors in March 1648, but was restored on his submission in the following September, and retained that and his canonry at Salisbury during the Commonwealth and Protectorate; he was also subdean and moderator of Christ Church. He died unmarried at Christ Church on 20 Oct. 1666, and was buried in the cathedral. Archbishop Williams described Wall as 'the best read in the fathers that ever he knew.' He subscribed to the rebuilding of Christ Church in 1660, and gave some books to Pembroke College Library. He was also a benefactor to the city of Oxford, and his portrait, 'drawn to the life in his doctoral habit and square cap,' was hung in the city's council chamber. Wood, however, condemns his neglect of Christ Church, to which he owed 'all his plentiful estate ' (Wood, Life and Times, ed. Clark, ii. 90).
Many of Wall's sermons have been published in collections and separately, the most important being:
* 'Watering of Apollo,' Oxford, 1625.
* 'Jacob's Ladder,' Oxford, 1626.
* 'Alæ Seraphicæ,' London, 1627.
* 'Evangelical Spices,' London, 1627.
* 'Christian Reconcilement,' Oxford, 1658.
* 'Solomon in Solio,' Oxford, 1660.
[Foster's Alumni Oxon. 1500-1714; Wood's Athenæ Oxon. iii. 734, Fasti, i. 325, 342, 382,412, and Hist, et Antiq. iii. 447, 512; Walker's Sufferings, ii. 70, 105; Brit. Mus. Cat.]
J. R. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Walker, William (1623-1684)

​WALKER, WILLIAM (1623–1684), schoolmaster and author, was born in Lincoln in 1623, and educated at the public school there. He proceeded to Trinity College, Cambridge, where he took his degree. He taught for some time at a private school at Fiskerton, Nottinghamshire, was headmaster of Louth grammar school, and subsequently of Grantham grammar school, where he is erroneously said to have had Sir Isaac Newton as a pupil. Newton, however, had left the Grantham grammar school while Walker's predecessor, Mr. Stokes, was still at its head, but there existed a friendship of some intimacy between the two when Walker was vicar of Colsterworth, after he had left Grantham. Walker died on 1 Aug. 1684.
Walker's works show his two chief interests, pedagogy and theology. As a pedagogue he gained a considerable reputation in his time, and was known as ‘Particles’ Walker from his book on that subject. His chief works are: 1. ‘A Dictionary of English and Latin Idioms,’ London, 1670. 2. ‘Phraseologia Anglo-Latina, to which is added Parœmiologia Anglo-Latina,’ London 1672. 3. ‘A Treatise of English Particles,’ London, 1673, which has gone through many editions and been the subject of a great number of editorial comments. 4. ‘The Royal (Lily's) Grammar explained,’ London, 1674. 5. ‘A Modest Plea for Infants' Baptism,’ Cambridge, 1677. 6. ‘Βαπτισμῶν Διδαχή, the Doctrine of Baptisms,’ London, 1678. 7. ‘English Examples of Latin Syntaxis,’ London, 1683. 8. ‘Some Improvements to the Art of Teaching,’ London, 1693.
[Athenæ Oxon. iii. 407; Nichols's Literary Illustrations, iv. 28; Brit. Mus. Cat.]
J. R. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Walkington, Nicholas

​WALKINGTON, NICHOLAS de (fl. 1193?), mediæval writer [See Nicholas.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Walkington, Thomas

​WALKINGTON, THOMAS (d. 1621), divine and author, a native of Lincoln, was educated at Cambridge, where he graduated B.A. in 1596-7 and M.A. in 1600. He was elected to a fellowship at St. John's College, Cambridge, on 26 March 1603. He was incorporated B.D. of Oxford on 14 July 1611, and proceeded D.D. of Cambridge in 1613. He was presented to the vicarage of Raunds, Northamptonshire, in 1608,and to the rectory of Wadingham St. Mary, Lincolnshire, in 1610, and the vicarage of Fulham, Middlesex, on 25 May 1615. He died in 1621, the administration of his goods being granted on 29 Oct. of that year (Hennessy, Novum Repertorium Eccl. Londin.)
Walkington was author of a curious volume that may be regarded as a forerunner of Burton's 'Anatomy of Melancholy.' It was entitled 'The Optick Glasse of Humors, or the Touchstone of a Golden Temperature, or tih Philosophers Stone to make a Golden Temper. Wherein the four Complections, Sanguine, Choleriche, Phligmaticke, Melancholicke are succinctly painted forth … by T. W., Master of Arts.' The first edition seems to be that which is stated on the title-page to have been printed by John Windet for Martin Clerke in London in 1607. This was dedicated to Sir Justinian Lewin from 'my study in St. Johns, Camb. 10 Kal. March. T. W.' (no copy of this issue is in the British Museum), An undated edition, which cannot be dated earlier than 1631, was printed by W[illiam] T[urner] at Oxford. This issue, which has the same dedication as its predecessor, has an elaborately engraved title-page on steel, in which two graduates in cap and gown, representing respectively the universities of Cambridge and Oxford, hold between them an optic class or touchstone (Madan, Early Oxford Press, pp. 160-161). Mr. W. C. Hazlitt describes a fragment of an edition printed at Oxford with a different dedication addressed to the author's 'friend, M. Carye' (Collections, 1st ser.) Later editions, with the engraved title-page, appeared in London in 1630 and 1663. Dr. Farmer, in his 'Essay on the Learning of Shakespeare' (1780, p. 40 n.), credited 'T. Wombwell' with the authorship of Walkington's treatise on the 'Optick Glasse,' and referred to a passage (traceable to Scaliger) by way of illustrating Shylock's remarks on irrational antipathies (Merchant of Venice, iv. i. 49).
Walkington was also author of 'An Exposition of the two first verses of the sixth chapter to the Hebrews, in form of a Dialogue, by T. W., Minister of the Word," London, 1609, 4to; of 'Theologicall Rules to guide us in the Understanding and Practice of Holy Scriptures … also Enigmata Sacra, Holy Riddles … by T. W., Preacher of the Word,' 2 pts. London, 1615, 8vo; of 'Rabboni, Mary Magdalen's Teares of Sorrow …' London, 1620, 8vo; and, according to Wood, of a sermon on Ecclesiastes xii. 10.
[Wood's Fasti, i. 350.]
S. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Walkingame, Francis

​WALKINGAME, FRANCIS (fl. 1751–1785), ‘writing master and accomptant and master of the boarding-school in Kensing​Kensington,' was author of 'The Tutor's Assistant; being a Compendium of Arithmetic and a Complete Question-Book in five parts,' London, 1751, 12mo. The author himself brought out a twenty-first edition in 1785 and the work has passed through countless editions since that date, remaining the most popular 'Arithmetic' both in England and America down to the time of Colenso. A so-called seventy-first edition appeared in 1831 (London, 12mo), and a so-called fifty-first in 1843 (Derby, 12mo). Except the section dealing with the rule of three which needed modification, the work remained little altered down to 1854, when an 'improved edition' was issued under the care of Professor J. K. Young. A comic 'Tutor's Assistant' with cuts by Crowquill, was published in 1843 (London, 12mo).
[Walkingame's Tutor's Assistant, 1751, with a list of subscribers: De Morgan's Arithmetical Books, pp. 30, 96; Notes and Queries, 1s ser. v. 441, xi 57, xii. 66, 2nd ser. iv. 295; Gent. Mag. 1788, i. 81; Athenæum, 1882, i. 754; Allibone's Dict. of Engl. Lit.; Brit. Mus. Cat. enumerating over thirty editions between 1751 and 1868.]
T. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Williams, Thomas (1550?-1620?)

​WILLIAMS, THOMAS (1550?–1620?), Welsh scholar, son of William ap Thomas ap Gronw and Catherine, an illegitimate daughter of Meredydd ab Ifan (d. 1525), founder of the house of Gwydir, was born about 1550 at Arddu r' Mynaich, a little to the north of Trefriw, Carnarvonshire. Wood says that Williams spent several years at Oxford, but doubts his identity with the Thomas Williams who graduated B.A. in 1567 and M.A. in 1573 from Brasenose College. He was known as ‘Sir Thomas Williams’ (Hist. of the Gwydir Family, 1878, pp. 18–19) and ‘Sir Thomas ap William’ (Cambrian Reg. ii. 470, 472), so that it is probable he took orders; Bishop Humphreys notes that there was a curate of the name at Trefriw in 1573. But in his later years he practised as a country physician, and that he was then a papist appears from the fact that proceedings were taken against him as a recusant in 1606 and 1607. Aided by the powerful patronage of his cousin, Morris Wynn of Gwydir (d 1580), and of Morris's son John [q. v.], he devoted himself ​to the study of Welsh literature. Among the manuscripts written by him are Mostyn MS. 113 (a book of pedigrees written about 1572), Hengwrt MS. 204 (a copy of the Welsh laws, dated 1594), and Mostyn MS. 204 (a collection of proverbs dated 1620). But the great work of his life was the compilation of a Latin Welsh dictionary; the accumulation of the material took him, he says, fifty years, and the actual writing four, during which time ‘I was so instant that often when I came from the book I did not know many a time what day of the week it was and so lost my practice’ (Cambrian Reg. i. 159). The manuscript, in three quarto volumes, is now at Peniarth (Hengwrt MS. 60). It was sent by Sir John Wynn in 1623, Williams having died in the meantime, to Dr. John Davies [q.v.] , who made it the basis of the second part of the dictionary of 1632. In his preface Davies refers to the assistance he derived from Williams's manuscript, but gives the impression that much revision had been necessary to make it presentable; the opinion of those who have examined Williams's work is, on the other hand, that Davies's is little more than an index to it (Williams, Eminent Welshmen, p. 537; Silvan Evans in Llyfryddiaeth y Cymry, p. 113).
J. E. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Williams, Thomas (1668-1740)

​WILLIAMS, THOMAS (1668–1740), Roman catholic prelate, born in 1668 of an ancient Welsh family, resident at the Benedictine priory of Monmouth, made his profession as a friar of the order of St. Dominic at Bornhem, near Antwerp, on 5 Dec. 1686, taking in religion the name of Dominic. He finished his studies at Naples. Having been ordained priest in 1692, he was instituted rector of the Dominican College of St. Thomas Aquinas at Louvain in 1697, and in subsequent years he was appointed provincial of the English Dominican province. On 18 May 1724 he was installed prior of Bornhem. By papal brief of 22 Dec. 1725 he was made bishop of Tiberiopolis, under the archbishop of Hieropolis, in Phrygia Magna, in partibus infidelium, to which see he was consecrated at Rome (30 Dec.), in the chapel of the apostolic palace, by Benedict XIII himself. On 7 June 1727 he was nominated vicar-apostolic of the northern district of England. He resided mostly at Huddleston Hall (belonging to Sir Edward Gascoigne), near Hazlewood, Yorkshire. A letter of the internuncio at Brussels, dated 24 July 1733, announced to propaganda that Williams was in serious peril. The bishop was ‘actually obliged to fly to the most deserted and remote places to escape prison and torture, as the pseudo-archbishop of York [Lancelot Blackburne] had issued a mandate for his capture, on account of his having made a conversion (which caused great noise) of a protestant minister who, instructed by Bishop Williams, nobly resigned his rich prebend, and publicly declared himself a catholic.’ Williams died at Huddleston Hall on 3 April 1740 (O.S.), and was buried in the catholic church of Hazlewood, where his tombstone, with a Latin epitaph, is still in a state of perfect preservation.
The oft-repeated statement that he composed ‘Mémoires pour servir à l'Histoire Ecclésiastique du XVIIIe Siècle’ is without foundation.
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Williams, Thomas (1760-1844)

​WILLIAMS, THOMAS (1760–1844), Welsh hymn-writer, son of Richard and Margaret Williams, was born in 1760 at Trerhedyn, in the parish of Pen Deulwyn, Glamorganshire. At a very early age he joined the methodist society which met in the district. On 10 July 1790 he married Jane Morgan of Brewis, and thereupon settled as a farmer, in easy circumstances, at Fonmon in south Glamorgan. The controversy which led to the expulsion of Peter Williams [q. v.] from the methodist body was keenly waged in the society to which he belonged, and about 1792 he and others who sympathised with the expelled divine formed a separate church, unconnected with any other religious body, at Aberthaw, not far from Fonmon. On 3 June 1798 this church formally set him apart as their pastor. In 1806, when Williams moved to Flemingston, they built in the parish of Lantwit Major a chapel which became known as ‘Bethesda 'r Fro’ (‘Bethesda of the Vale’), and in 1814 church and pastor were received into the independent denomi​nation. After the death of his wife on 24 Oct. 1827 Williams in his depression gave up the ministry. He died at Flemingston on 23 Nov. 1844.
His first published work was a (Welsh) elegy upon Peter Williams (Carmarthen, 1796). After this nothing appeared from his pen until 1812, when he published at Merthyr a small volume of hymns entitled ‘Llais y Durtur yn y Wlad;’ this was reissued, with large additions, in 1824 (Cardiff), as ‘Dyfroedd Bethesda;’ and a third edition, with the same title, followed in 1841 (Merthyr). ‘Perl mewn adfyd’ (Merthyr, 1814) was also a collection of hymns. Elegies written by Williams, and published in pamphlet form in 1817, 1828, and 1830, are extant. His poetical works were published in one volume at Hafod in 1882. His fame rests upon his hymns, many of which are still in high favour among Welsh congregations. Contemporaries speak of his handsome presence, his emotional temperament, and the influence which his career and social standing gave him among the nonconformists of south Glamorgan.
J. E. L.