# How to Know the Ferns (7th ed)

How to Know the Ferns
A GUIDE
TO THE NAMES, HAUNTS, AND HABITS OF OUR COMMON FERNS
By
Frances Theodora Parsons
Author of "How to Know the Wild Flowers," "According to Season," etc.
Illustrated by
Marion Satterlee and Alice Josephine Smith
SEVENTH EDITION
CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS NEW YORKCHICAGOBOSTON
"The cheerful community of the polypody."
Copyright, 1899, by Charles Scribner's Sons
J. R. P.
CONTENTS :
| | Page |
| Preface | vii |
| Ferns as a Hobby | 1 |
| When and Where to Find Ferns | 15 |
| Explanation of Terms | 28 |
| Fertilization, Development, and Fructification of Ferns | 32 |
| Notable Fern Families | 36 |
| How to Use the Book | 38 |
| Guide | 40 |
| Fern Descriptions: |
| Group I. | 54 |
| Group II. | 67 |
| Group III. | 87 |
| Group IV. | 105 |
| Group V. | 120 |
| Group VI. | 159 ​ |
| Index to Latin Names | 211 |
| Index to English Names | 213 |
| Index to Technical Terms | 215 |
LIST OF PLATES
| PLATE | | | PAGE |
| I. | Sensitive Fern, | Onoclea sensibilis, | 57 |
| II. | Ostrich Fern, | Onoclea Struthiopteris, | 59 |
| III. | Cinnamon Fern, | Osmunda cinnamomea, | 61 |
| IV. | Curly Grass, | Schizæa pusilla, | 65 |
| V. | Royal Fern, | Osmunda regalis, | 69 |
| VI. | Interrupted Fern, | Osmunda Claytoniana, | 73 |
| VII. | Adder's Tongue, | Ophioglossum vulgatum, | 79 |
| VIII. | Ternate Grape Fern, | Botrychium ternatum, | 83 |
| IX. | Moonwort, | Botrychium Lunaria, | 85 |
| | Lance-leaved Grape Fern, | Botrychium lanceolatum, | 85 |
| X. | Purple Cliff Brake, | Pellæa atropurpurea, | 91 |
| XI. | Narrow-leaved Spleenwort, | Asplenium angustifolium, | 99 |
| XII. | Net-veined Chain Fern, | Woodwardia angustifolia, | 103 |
| XIII. | Hairy Lip Fern, | Cheilanthes vestita, | 113 |
| XIV. | Hay-scented Fern, | Dicksonia pilosiuscula, | 115 |
| XV. | Lady Fern, | Asplenium Filix-fœmina, | 121 |
| XVI. | Silvery Spleenwort, | Asplenium thelypteroides, | 125 |
| XVII. | Rue Spleenwort, | Asplenium Ruta-muraria, | 127 |
| XVIII. | Mountain Spleenwort, | Asplenium montanum, | 131 |
| XIX. | Ebony Spleenwort, | Asplenium ebeneum, | 135 |
| XXI. | Scott's Spleenwort, | Asplenium ebenoides, | 141 |
| XX. | Green Spleenwort, | Asplenium viride, | 139 |
| XXII. | Pinnatifid Spleenwort, | Asplenium pinnatifidum, | 143 |
| XXIII. | Bradley's Spleenwort, | Asplenium Bradleyi, | 145 ​ |
| XXIV. | Virginia Chain Fern, | Woodwardia Virginica, | 157 |
| XXV. | New York Fern, | Aspidium Noveboracense, | 161 |
| XXVI. | Marsh Fern, | Aspidium Thelypteris, | 163 |
| XXVII. | Spinulose Wood Fern, | Aspidium spinulosum, var. intermedium, | 165 |
| XXVIII. | Boott's Shield Fern, | Aspidium Boottii, | 167 |
| XXIX. | Crested Shield Fern, | Aspidium cristatum, | 169 |
| XXX. | Clinton's Wood Fern, | Aspidium cristatum, var. Clintonianum, | 171 |
| XXXI. | Goldie's Fern, | Aspidium Goldianum, | 173 |
| XXXII. | Evergreen Wood Fern, | Aspidium marginale, | 175 |
| XXXIII. | Fragrant Shield Fern, | Aspidium fragrans, | 179 |
| XXXIV. | Braun's Holly Fern, | Aspidium aculeatum, var. Braunii, | 183 |
| XXXV. | Broad Beech Fern, | Phegopteris hexagonoptera, | 189 |
| XXXVI. | Oak Fern, | Phegopteris Dryopteris, | 191 |
| XXXVII. | Bulblet Bladder Fern, | Cystopteris bulbifera, | 195 |
| XXXVIII. | Fragile Bladder Fern, | Cystopteris fragilis, | 197 |
| XXXIX. | Rusty Woodsia, | Woodsia Ilvensis, | 199 |
| XL. | Blunt-lobed Woodsia, | Woodsia obtusa, | 201 |
| XLI. | Northern Woodsia, | Woodsia hyperborea, | 205 |
| XLII. | Smooth Woodsia, | Woodsia glabella, | 207 |
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
| "The cheerful community of the polypody" | Frontispiece |
| From a photograph by Miss Madeline Smith. | |
| | Page |
| New York Fern | xvi |
| "The greatest charm the ferns possess is that of their surroundings" | 12 |
| From a photograph by Mr. Augustus Pruyn. | |
| Fiddleheads | 18 |
| Fragile Bladder Fern | 19 |
| Crested Shield Fern | 20 |
| Purple Cliff Brake | 22 |
| Ternate Grape Fern | 24 |
| Evergreen Wood Fern | 27 |
| Sensitive Fern | 55 |
| Cinnamon Fern | 60 |
| Royal Fern | 68 |
| Interrupted Fern | 74 |
| Climbing Fern | 75 |
| Rattlesnake Fern | 80 |
| Slender Cliff Brake | 89 |
| "The unpromising wall of rock which rose beside us" | 94 |
| From a photograph by Miss Ledyard. | ​ |
| More compound frond of Purple Cliff Brake | 95 |
| Christmas Fern | 97 |
| Narrow-leaved Spleenwort | 98 |
| Brake | 106 |
| Maidenhair | 110 |
| Mountain Spleenwort | 130 |
| Mountain Spleenwort | 132 |
| "In the shaded crevices of a cliff" | 132 |
| From a photograph by Miss Madeline Smith. | |
| Maidenhair Spleenwort | 137 |
| Walking Leaf | 146 |
| "We fairly gloated over the quaint little plants" | 148 |
| From a photograph by Miss Ledyard. | |
| Hart's Tongue | 151 |
| Marsh Fern | 162 |
| "Like the plumes of departing Summer" | 178 |
| From a photograph by Miss Madeline Smith. | |
| Common Polypody | 184 |
| Long Beech Fern | 187 |
| Oak Fern | 191 |
| Bulblet Bladder Fern | 194 |
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
The longest-living author of this work died in 1952, so this work is in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 71 years or less. This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
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