OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Goldwin, John

​GOLDWIN, or GOLDING, JOHN (d. 1719), organist and composer, probably belonged to the Buckinghamshire family of Goldwins. His name occurs with those of other Windsor choristers ‘assessed at 1s.’ in 1690. He had been trained by Dr. William Child, and succeeded him as organist of St. George's Chapel, Windsor, on 12 April 1697, was master of the choristers in 1703, and died on 7 Nov. 1719. Manuscript music by Goldwin includes twenty-one anthems, service in F, and motet in Christ Church Library, Oxford, four anthems in Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge, seven anthems in Tudway's collection, British Museum (Harl. 7341–2), and ​others at Ely Cathedral. The favourite anthem, 'I will set God always before me,' six voices, was published in Boyce's 'Cathedral Music,' vol. ii.; 'I will sing' and 'O praise God in His holiness' in Page's 'Harmonia Sacra,' i. 206, ii. 227; 'Behold thy servant' and service in F major in Arnold's 'Cathedral Music,' vol. i. Burney quotes with approval Boyce's opinion that Goldwin's music has a singularity in its modulation uncommon and agreeable, and adds: 'When we consider the time of his death, it seems, by the small number of his works that have come to my knowledge, as if this composer had anticipated many combinations and passages of a much later period.'
[Chamberlayne's State of England, 1692; Sloane MS. 4847, fol. 86; Boyce's Cathedral Music, ii. 15, 501; catalogues of musical libraries communicated by Mr. W. B. Squire; Burney, iii. 602; Grove, i. 608.]
L. M. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Kendale, Richard

Richard Kendal in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
​KENDALE, RICHARD (d. 1431), grammarian, is said to have enjoyed a great reputation as a schoolmaster, and to have written: 1. ‘De Legibus Constructionum.’ 2. ‘Æquivocorum Exempla.’ 3. ‘De Componendis Epistolis.’ 4. ‘De Dictamine Prosaico.’ 5. ‘De Dictamine Metrico.’ 6. ‘De Verborum Ornatu.’ Bale gives the first words of most of these, but none of them seem to be extant, though he says that he saw these and other works in the monastery of St. Faith, Horsham, Norfolk; some were formerly in the library of the monastery of Sion. In Additional MS. 4912, f. 157 a, there is a short musical treatise ‘Gamma musicæ cum versibus misticis,’ which is ascribed to Richard Kendale, who is there said to have been a monk of Sherborne.
C. L. K.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Kendall, Edward Augustus

​KENDALL, EDWARD AUGUSTUS (1776?–1842), miscellaneous writer, was born about 1776. During 1807 and 1808 he travelled through the northern parts of the United States, and in 1809 published at New York a somewhat dull account of his wanderings in three octavo volumes. In 1817 he issued proposals for establishing in London an institution to be called ‘The Patriotic Metropolitan Colonial Institution,’ for the assistance of new settlers in the colonies and for the encouragement of new branches of colonial trade. He also proposed to form new and distinct colonies for the relief of the half-castes of India and mulattos of the West Indies. In conclusion he urges the great benefits to be derived from establishing in England free drawing-schools and schools of chemistry and mathematics. With the object of providing cheap and good literature for the people, Kendall started in London in 1819 ‘The Literary Chronicle and Weekly Review,’ which lasted until 1828. After May 1828 a new series was commenced, and continued to the end of July; the work was then incorporated with the ‘Athenæum.’ ​There is also an edition entitled ‘The Country Literary Chronicle,’ &c., beginning in 1820 with a part numbered 59. The ‘Literary Chronicle’ was succeeded by another popular miscellany projected by Kendall, called ‘The Olio; or, Museum of Entertainment,’ 11 vols. 8vo, 1828–33. Kendall also wrote some heavy ‘Letters to a Friend on the State of Ireland, the Roman Catholic Question, and the Merits of Constitutional Religious Distinctions,’ 3 pts. 8vo, London, 1826, in which he argued that Ireland enjoyed a vigorous and paternal government, whose duty it was to repress Roman catholicism there, and in Great Britain also. His fame will rest on his pleasing books for children, some of which are still reprinted, especially ‘Keeper's Travels in Search of his Master,’ 1799; ‘The Crested Wren,’ 1799; and ‘Burford Cottage and its Robin Red Breast,’ 1835. Kendall died at Pimlico on 14 Oct. 1842, aged 66 (Gent. Mag. new ser. xviii. 671). His other writings include: 1. ‘The Stories of Senex; or, Little Histories of Little People,’ 12mo, 1800. 2. ‘The Swallow: a Fiction interspersed with Poetry,’ 12mo, 1800. 3. ‘The Pocket Encyclopædia,’ 6 vols. 12mo, 1802. 4. ‘Parental Education; or, Domestic Lessons: a Miscellany intended for Youth,’ 12mo, 1803. 5. ‘An Argument for construing largely the right of an Appellee of Murder to insist on his Wager of Battle, and also for abrogating Writs of Appeal,’ 8vo, 1817; 3rd edit., greatly enlarged, 1818. 6. ‘The English Boy at the Cape: an Anglo-African Story,’ 3 vols. 12mo, 1835. Among his translations from the French may be mentioned ‘The Indian Cottage,’ by Saint Pierre, 12mo, 1791; ‘Beauties of Saint Pierre, selected from his “Studies of Nature,”’ 8vo, 1799; and ‘The Travels of Denon in Egypt,’ 2 vols. 8vo, 1802. Kendall was a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries.
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Kempe, Margerie

​KEMPE, MARGERIE (temp. incert.), religious writer, is entirely unknown except as the authoress of a small work which Tanner describes as written in the form of sermons preached by Christ to devout women of his following, and as resembling in style the works of ‘modern Quietists and Quakers.’ ‘A short Treatyse of Contemplacyon taught by the Lorde Jhesu Cryste, or taken out of the Boke of Margerie Kempe of Lyn,’ ​beginning ‘She desyred many Tymes that her Hede,’ was printed by Wynkyn de Worde in London, n.d. 4to, 4ff. The only known copy is preserved in the university library at Cambridge.
C. L. K.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Pendleton, Henry

​PENDLETON, HENRY (d. 1557), Roman catholic controversialist, is said to have been born at Manchester, and to have come of a Lancashire family, a statement due perhaps to the identity of his name with two Lancashire villages. He entered Brasenose College, Oxford, about 1538, graduating B.A. on 16 Nov. 1542, M.A. on 18 Oct. 1544, and D.D. on 18 July 1552. During the reign of Henry VIII he made himself famous by preaching against Lutheranism, but on the accession of Edward VI he adopted protestant views, and was one of the first itinerant preachers appointed by the Earl of Derby ‘to preach the doctrines of the Reformation in the ignorant and popish parts of the country’ (Dixon, Hist. Church of England, iii. 176). In 1552 he became vicar of Blymhill, Staffordshire. After the accession of Mary he confirmed Laurence Saunders [q. v.] in his protestant opinions, and boasted of his own determination to maintain them. But he soon saw reason to change, and became a zealous Romanist. He received many preferments in 1554 as a reward for his conversion; he was collated to the prebends of Reculverland, St. Paul's (11 April), Ulveton, Lichfield (15 June), and received the living of Todenham, Gloucestershire, and St. Martin Outwich, London (14 Feb. 1554–1555). About the same time he became chaplain to Bonner, and took a prominent part in disputations with protestants who were brought before the bishop; among those with whom he argued were Thomas Mountain [q. v.], John Bradford (1510?–1555) [q. v.], and Bartholomew Green [q. v.] The substance of these discussions is printed in Foxe's ‘Actes and Monuments.’ Pendleton won some fame as a preacher. On one occasion, while preaching at St. Paul's Cross, on 10 June 1554, and making some severe strictures on the protestants, he was shot at. He resigned the vicarage of St. Martin Outwich on 1 April 1556, when he was admitted to the living of St. Stephen's, Walbrook. He died in September 1557, repenting, according to Foxe, his popish errors, and ‘being brought with all Paul's choir’ to be buried at St. Stephen's, Walbrook, on 21 Sept. (Strype, Eccl. Mem. iii. ii. 18). Pendleton is author of two of the homilies published by Bonner in 1555, respectively entitled ‘Of the Church what it is’ and ‘Of the Authoritie of the Church.’ He is described as ‘an able man, handsome and athletic, possessed of a fine clear voice, of ready speech and powerful utterance; his preaching was in popularity and influence second only to that of Bradford’ (Halley, Lancashire, i. 68).
A. F. P.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Pendleton, Frederick Henry Snow

​ PENDLETON, FREDERICK HENRY SNOW (1818–1888), divine, born on 13 Sept. 1818, was educated at the university of Ghent and at St. Aidan's College, Birkenhead. After being ordained in the diocese of Winchester, he served as curate of St. ​Martin's, Guernsey, from December 1849 to June 1851, and as senior curate of St. Helier, Jersey, from August 1851 to July 1853. He was consular chaplain to the British residents at Monte Video from 6 May 1854 to 31 Dec. 1858. During his residence there 150 natives of the Vaudois, impelled by the scarcity of employment in Piedmont, left their native country and landed in Monte Video. They were followed in 1858 by about a hundred more, when the whole party settled at Florida, about sixty miles from the city. Jesuit opposition having arisen, the Vaudois settlers, under Pendleton's personal direction, removed to another locality known as the Rosario Oriental, where his influence obtained for them a church and a school-room. In 1857 a visitation of yellow fever swept over Monte Video, and Pendleton's services during the crisis were acknowledged by the French government, which granted him a gold medal. A similar recognition followed him from the Italian government. From 1863 to 31 Dec. 1868 he was chaplain to the British residents at Florence. In 1862 and again in 1867 he revisited the Waldensian colony at Rosario Oriental. He resided at the Casa Fumi, Porta Romana, Florence, until 1876, when he removed to Sydenham, Kent. There he served as curate of St. Bartholomew's Church till 1879. He was then curate of Ampthill, Bedfordshire, for two years, and finally became rector of St. Sampson's, Guernsey, in 1882. He died at St. Sampson's rectory, Guernsey, on 13 Sept. 1888. He wrote ‘Lettres Pastorales’ in 1851, and published various sermons in English and French between 1852 and 1868.
G. C. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Penketh, Thomas

​PENKETH, THOMAS (d. 1487), was a friar of the Augustinian house at Warrington, near which is the township of Penketh, probably his native place (Leland, Comment. de Script. Brit. p. 470, ed. 1709; Gandolfus, De Script. August. p. 340). Devoting himself to the study of theology and philosophy, Penketh attained to high distinction in both. Of the work of Duns Scotus he was commonly supposed in his time to have a unique knowledge (ib.) In 1469 he was made provincial of his order in England, and in 1473 taught theology at Oxford, of which university he was doctor of divinity (De Script. August. p. 341). Penketh's fame spread to Italy, and in 1474 he was called to Padua, where he held a salaried post as teacher of theology (ib.; Bale, Script. Brit. Cat. cent. viii. No. xlvii). While there, at the request of his pupils, he began to publish amended editions of the works of his master, Duns Scotus. Returning to England, Penketh resumed his work in Oxford in 1477, and was once more chosen provincial of his order (De Script. August. p. 341). In 1483, with Dr. Shaw [see under Shaw, Sir Edmund], he attached himself to Richard, duke of Gloucester, afterwards Richard III [q. v.], and preached in his favour against the children of Edward IV (Holinshed, Chronicles, iii. 386, ed. 1808). Penketh consequently fell into disgrace, and compromised his order. He died in London on 20 May 1487, and was buried in the house of the Austin friars there (De Script. August. p. 341).
His extant works are his editions of the writings of Duns Scotus, viz.:
* ‘Quodlibeta,’ Venice, 1474.
* ‘Quæstiones super secundo libro Sententiarum,’ Venice(?), 1474.
* ‘Super duodecem libros Metaphysice [of Aristotle] quæstiones … apud Andreæ (Antonii) “Dulciphus,”’ ed. Padua, 1475.
* ‘Quæstiones super quatuor libris Sententiarum,’ Venice, 1477; another edition, Nuremberg, 1481.
* ‘Quæstiones super libro primo Sententiarum,’ Venice, 1481.
Penketh is also said to have written various other works, which are not known to be extant or to have been printed.
[In addition to the authorities quoted in the text, see Pits's De Illustr. Angl. Script. pp. 675–6; Fabricius's Bibl. Lat. Med. æt. vi. 726; Chevalier, Répertoire, i. 1754; Tanner's Bibl. Brit.-Hib. p. 589; Stevens's Ancient Abbeys, ii. 220; Newcourt's Repert. Eccl. Lond. i. 289.]
A. M. C.-e.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Penley, Aaron Edwin

​PENLEY, AARON EDWIN (1807–1870), watercolour-painter, born in 1807, first appears as a contributor to the Royal Academy exhibition in 1835. He continued to exhibit at intervals till 1857, his contributions being chiefly portraits, though he was ​afterwards better known as a landscape-painter. He was elected a member of the New Water Colour Society (now the Royal Institute of Painters in Water Colours) in 1838, when he was living at 26 Percy Street, Rathbone Place, but he resigned in 1856, aggrieved in consequence of some alleged slight in connection with the placing of his pictures. At his own request, however, he was reinstated in 1859. He was watercolour-painter in ordinary to William IV and Queen Adelaide, and professor of drawing at Addiscombe College from 1851 to its dissolution, after which he held a similar post at Woolwich Academy till his death. In 1864 a mysterious advertisement, offering a reward for any information about Penley, ‘living or dead,’ appeared in several of the London newspapers. He died at Lewisham on 15 Jan. 1870.
An enthusiastic follower of his art, Penley published various elaborate treatises on its principles and practice, some of which are illustrated by chromolithography. Among them are his ‘Elements of Perspective’ (1851), ‘English School of Painting in Water Colours’ (1861), ‘Sketching from Nature in Water Colours’ (1869), ‘A System of Water Colour Painting.’
His art was of the showy, artificial kind, which was encouraged by the early popularity of chromolithography, and may be said to have become quite obsolete before his death.
[Redgrave's Dict.; private information.]
W. A.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Penkethman, John

​PENKETHMAN, JOHN (fl. 1638), accountant, professed, in addition to his ordinary business, ‘to translate old manuscripts or bookes in any kind of Latin (according to the qualitie of the subject) into English, Prose or Verse.’ In 1638 he published ‘Artachthos; or a new booke declaring the Assise or Weight of Bread,’ &c., London, 1638, 4to.; another edition, London, 1748, 4to. A proclamation of 19 Nov. of that year conferred upon him the special privilege of printing and publishing this work for twenty-one years, ‘in recompense of his pains and expense,’ and ordered that the assize of bread should be observed in accordance with it. Different parts of the work were reprinted separately in 1638 and 1745. Penkethman also published:
* ‘A Handful of Honesty, or Cato in English Verse, &c. By J. P., Lover of Learning,’ London, 1623, 8vo.
* ‘The Epigrams of P. Virgilius Maro,’ 1624, 8vo.
* ‘Onomatophylacium; or the Christian Names of Men and Women, now used within this Realm of Great Britaine, alphabetically expressed, as well in Latine as in English,’ &c., London, 1626, 8vo.
* ‘Additions to Hopton's Concordancy. Conteyning Tables of the Gold Coynes now currant, with their due weights,’ &c., London, 1635, 8vo.
[Rymer's Fœdera, xx. 278; Wood's Athenæ Oxonienses, ed. Bliss, ii. 151.]
W. A. S. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Reynolds, John Stuckey

​REYNOLDS, JOHN STUCKEY (1791–1874), founder of the Home and Colonial Training Colleges in London, born on 13 Sept. 1791, was the son of John and Ann Reynolds of Manchester. His father later held the office of comptrolling surveyor of the port of London. His mother belonged to the family of Stuckeys, her brother, Vincent Stuckey, being a banker at Langport in Somerset. Reynolds was educated at the Langport grammar school, but when fourteen years old secured an appointment in the audit office in London. In 1806 he was passed on to the treasury, where he was quickly promoted and received a series of special votes of thanks from the lords of the treasury, and in 1815 a grant of money. He became private secretary to three successive secretaries of the treasury. In 1822–3 he was secretary to the Irish revenue commission, and rendered great service in reconstituting the fiscal system. Later on he was one of the heads of the commissariat department. In 1834 his health broke down through over-work, and in March 1835 he retired from the public service. From 1835 to 1837 he was in the employment of the London Joint Stock Bank, which his uncle Stuckey had raised to a commanding position.
Throughout his career Reynolds studied political economy and the currency. On these subjects he wrote much, signed and anonymous, including ‘Practical Observations on Mr. Ricardo's Principles of Political Economy and Taxation,’ n.d.
After retiring from the bank in 1837 he began to interest himself in philanthropy, working in St. Giles's parish, and actively aiding in organising foreign missions. In 1823 he established an infant school in Fulham. He was one of the first supporters of the London City Mission and of the ‘Record’ newspaper. He established infant schools in various parts of London, and stimulated their formation in different parts of England. He thus came into contact with Charles Mayo (1792–1846) [q. v.], and his sister Elizabeth Mayo [q. v.], the earliest English advocates of Pestalozzi's system of education.
In May 1836 Reynolds, with John Bridges, founded in Southampton Street, Holborn, an institution to train teachers in Pestalozzian principles. It was called the Home and Colonial School Society, and opened with three students. But it quickly grew, and in 1837 it was removed to Gray's Inn Road, where one of the practising schools was called after him. Subsequently it was divided into two—a secondary and an elementary branch—the former being located at Highbury and the latter at Wood Green. Reynolds died in 1874. In 1819 he married Mary Anne, second daughter of Robert Bagehot of Langport.
A high-relief medallion of Reynolds was executed by Mr. J. Scarlett Potter. A copy is at the Home and Colonial Training College at Highbury; it was engraved in Cassell's ‘Household Guide’ in 1870.
[Home and Colonial Memorials, Christmas 1881; and information from J. H. Sawtell, esq., Reynolds's nephew.]
F. W.-n.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Reynolds, Richard (1674-1743)

​REYNOLDS, RICHARD (1674–1743), bishop of Lincoln, baptised at Leverington, near Wisbech, Cambridgeshire, on 17 July 1674, was son of Richard Reynolds (1631–1682), rector of Leverington (parish register). His mother, Hester, was a daughter of George Conyars, by Dorothy Bushel, formerly maid of honour to Queen Henrietta Maria. A grand-uncle, Richard Reynolds, was slain at Carlisle, fighting on the royalist side, in 1644. There was thus a family tradition of loyalty to the Stuarts. After private education at Moulton and Peterborough, Reynolds became pensioner of Sidney-Sussex College on 31 Dec. 1689, and was elected foundation scholar in 1690. Following a somewhat unusual academic course, he left Sidney-Sussex College to be admitted, on 12 Nov. 1694, a fellow commoner of Trinity Hall, Cambridge, whence he graduated LL.B. in 1695. He proceeded LL.D. from Sidney-Sussex College in 1701 (Cole MSS.) Taking holy orders, and marrying Sarah, daughter of Dr. Richard Cumberland, bishop of Peterborough, Reynolds was instituted rector of St. Peter's, Northampton, and chancellor of the diocese of Peterborough. He was installed in a prebend at Peterborough on 25 Aug. 1704, and was promoted to the deanery at the close of 1718, in succession to White Kennett. On 3 Dec. 1721 he was consecrated bishop of Bangor at Lambeth chapel. In 1723 he was translated to Lincoln, and held that bishopric for twenty years. On 7 Sept. 1727 he was elected a member of 'the Gentleman's Society at Spalding' [see Johnson, Maurice]. He died in Charles Street, Westminster, on 15 Jan. 1743-4, and was buried, as he desired, in Buckden church, Huntingdonshire; there was no inscription on his tomb. He was liberal in his lifetime, and left little property. His wife, who died on 7 April 1740, is also buried at Buckden together with a daughter, called 'the Hon. Anna Sophia Reynolds,' who died on 20 Aug. 1737. Of the bishop's six sons, Charles (1702-1766) was chancellor of Lincoln from 1728 till his death. The eldest son, George, held, among other preferments, which he owed, it is said, not to his father, but to Sir Robert Walpole, that of archdeacon of Lincoln from 1725 till his death in 1769; he settled on an estate at Little Paxton, Huntingdonshire, which is still held by the family. Reynolds's literary remains consist of three sermons (1722, 1727, and 1735) and a strongly protestant and Hanoverian 'Charge at the Primary Visitation, begun at the Cathedral Church, Bangor, May 30, 1722.'
[Willis's Survey of Cathedrals; Nichols's Literary Anecd. of the Eighteenth Century; Allen's Hist, of the County of Lincoln; Reynolds's letters and private papers; extracts from the Leverington parish register most kindly furnished by the Rev. C. B. Drake.]
J. H. O.