OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The New International Encyclopædia/Anthony, Henry Bowen

Edition of 1905. See also Henry B. Anthony on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ANTHONY, Henry Bowen (1815-84). An American journalist and legislator. He was born at Coventry, R. I., and graduated at Brown University in 1833. He became editor of the Providence Journal in 1838, and continued as such for more than twenty years. In 1849, and again in 1850, he was elected Governor of Rhode Island, on the Whig ticket. He was a Republican member of the United States Senate from 1859 until his death, and served twice (1863 and 1871) as president pro tem. A collection of his historical and memorial addresses was printed for private circulation in 1S75. He bequeathed to Brown University the Harris collection of American poetry, containing about 6000 volumes. See the Anthony Memorial (1886), a catalogue of the collection, with a sketch of the donor.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Anschütz, Ottomar

Edition of 1905. See also Ottomar Anschütz on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ANSCHÜTZ, Ottomar (1846—). A German photographer, born at Lissa, in Posen, He devoted himself to instantaneous photography, and to reproducing the movements of men and animals with the aid of a “tachyscope” of his own invention. (See Stroboscope.) Anschütz's invention has been applied to useful purposes in physiology.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Splügen

Edition of 1905. See also Splügen Pass on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
SPLÜGEN, splụ′gen. An Alpine pass leading between the Tambohorn and the Surettahorn from the Swiss Canton of Grisons into Italy at an altitude of 6946 feet (Map: Italy, D 1). The southern or Italian descent has three great galleries built to protect the road from avalanches, and completed by the Austrian Government in 1834.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Spring, Samuel

Edition of 1905. See also Samuel Spring on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ SPRING, Samuel (1746-1819). An American Congregational clergyman. He was born at Northbridge, Mass., graduated at the College of New Jersey in 1771, and later studied theology. In 1775 he joined the Continental Army, and accompanied Benedict Arnold as chaplain of the invading army into Canada. In 1776 he left the army, and the next year was installed pastor of the church at Newburyport, Mass., where he continued until his death. He was one of the founders of Andover Theological Seminary, and also of the Massachusetts Missionary Society, and to him is attributed the idea of forming the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. Many of his occasional sermons have been printed, the most notable of them being A Sermon on the Death of Washington (1799), and A Discourse in Consequence of the Late Duel (1804)—that between Burr and Hamilton. Consult the Life and Times of Gardiner Spring, vol. i. (New York, 1866).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Spoils System

Edition of 1905. See also the disclaimer.
SPOILS SYSTEM. See Civil Service Reform.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Spodumene

Edition of 1905. See also Spodumene on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
SPODUMENE (from Gk. σποδούμενος, spodoumenos, pres. part. mid. of σποδοῦν, spodoun, to burn to ashes, from σποδóς, spodos, ashes). A mineral lithium and aluminum silicate crystallized in the monoclinic system. It has a vitreous lustre and is light green, gray, yellow, or purple in color. It occurs commonly in the coarse granitic veins, and is found in Sweden, the Tyrol, Scotland, Brazil, and in Massachusetts, Maine, Connecticut, North Carolina, and South Dakota. The yellow green to emerald green crystalline variety found in Alexander County, N. C., is highly valued as a gem, and is known as hiddenite, from its discoverer, W. E. Hidden, of New York.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Sprague, Charles

Edition of 1905. See also Charles Sprague (poet) on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
SPRAGUE, sprāg, Charles (1791-1875). An American poet, born in Boston, Mass. Leaving school at an early age, he became a merchant's clerk, and in 1820 teller in a bank. From 1825 to 1865 he was cashier in the Globe Bank of Boston. His literary skill was chiefly shown in occasional poems, which were first collected in 1841. In 1850, 1855, and 1876 editions of his Poetical and Prose Writings were published. Much of his verse is in the familiar rhymed couplet of the eighteenth century, to which period its literary feeling chiefly belongs.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Sprague, William

Edition of 1905. See also William Sprague (Rhode Island, 1830–1915) on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
SPRAGUE, William (1830—). An American manufacturer and politician, born at Cranston, R. I. After studying at the Irving Institute, Tarrytown, N. Y., he entered his
father's calico factory, and afterwards became interested in linen weaving and locomotive building. He was elected Governor of Rhode Island, but at the outbreak of the Civil War he offered his services to the United States Government, and served with the Rhode Island troops, participating in the first battle of Bull Run and in the Peninsular campaign. From 1863, when his term as Governor expired, until 1875, he was a member of the United States Senate and served as chairman of the committees on public lands and on manufactures and as a member of the committees on commerce and on military affairs.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Spofford, Ainsworth Rand

Edition of 1905. See also Ainsworth Rand Spofford on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
SPOF'FORD, Ainsworth Rand (1825—). An American librarian, born at Gilmanton, N. H. He was privately educated, became a bookseller, then associate editor of the Cincinnati Daily Commercial (1859), and in 1861 assistant librarian of Congress. From 1864 to 1899 he was librarian in chief of the Congressional Library, and became widely known for exceptional knowledge of books. He wrote much for periodicals on literature, economics, and history, and edited with others a Library of Choice Literature (10 vols., 1881-88), a Library of Wit and Humor (5 vols., 1884), and a Practical Manual of Parliamentary Rules (1884). He published annually The American Almanack and Treasury of Facts, Statistical, Financial, and Political (1878-91), and A Book for All Readers (1900), on the collection and preservation of books and the founding of libraries.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Spofford, Harriet Elizabeth (Prescott)

Edition of 1905. See also Harriet Elizabeth Prescott Spofford on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
SPOFFORD, Harriet Elizabeth (Prescott) (1835—). An American novelist, born at Calais, Me. Educated at Newburyport, Mass., and Derry, N. H., she adopted literature as a profession and first attracted attention in 1859 by a story of Parisian life, In a Cellar, printed in the Atlantic Monthly. In the same year she published Sir Rohan's Ghost, followed by The Amber Gods and Other Stories (1863), and Azarian, an Episode (1864). In 1865 she married Richard S. Spofford, a Boston lawyer. The more noteworthy of her later books were: New England Legends (1871), The Thief in the Night (1872), Art Decoration Applied to Furniture (1881), Marquis of Carabas (1882), Poems (1882), Hester Stanley at Saint Marks (1883), The Servant Girl Question (1884), Ballads About Authors (1888), Scarlet Poppy and Other Stories (1894), A Master Spirit (1896), and In Titian's Garden and Other Poems (1897).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Spohr, Louis

Edition of 1905. See also Louis Spohr on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
SPOHR, spōr, Louis (1784-1859). A German composer and violinist, born at Brunswick. He studied there under Kunisch and Maucourt and in 1802 became a pupil of the celebrated Franz Eck. In 1805 he accepted the appointment of concertmeister at Gotha and in 1812 went to Vienna as leader at the Theater an der Wien,
where he remained until 1815. From 1817 to 1819 he filled a similar position at Frankfort and in 1821 received a life appointment as Court conductor at Cassel. It was in connection with this last position that he won his greatest successes as a violinist, composer, and conductor; besides which he succeeded in bringing his orchestra to a pitch of perfection that earned it a world-wide reputation. In 1831 he completed his work, The Violin School, which has remained one of the standard works of instruction for that instrument. His oratorio Calvary received its first presentation on Good Friday, 1835. He was a prolific composer and wrote in all nearly 200 works. Most of his operas were little known outside of Germany, but his oratorios have been very popular in England and America, particularly Die letzten Dinge (The Last Judgment). As a composer of distinct individuality he ranks but little below the greatest representatives of German music. He died at Cassel. Consult: Autobiography (Cassel, 1860; Eng. trans., London, 1865); Schletterer, Louis Spohr, in Waldersee's Sammlung (Leipzig, 1881).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Spokan

Edition of 1905. See also Spokane people on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
SPOKAN, spṓ-kān'. An Indian tribe of Salishan stock (q.v. ) formerly occupying the whole basin of Spokane River in Washington and Idaho, and now chiefly gathered upon reservations in the same States. They were visited in 1806 by Lewis and Clark, who call them Liartielo. In language, customs, and alliance they were closely connected with the Sanpoil (q.v.). All are now civilized and Christianized, about equally divided between Catholic and Protestant. The majority are reported to be thrifty and industrious, promising soon to become self-supporting and good citizens. They numbered about 700 in 1903.
# The Pearl of Great Price (1913)

* related portals: Mormonism.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Commons gallery, Commons category, Wikidata item.
part of the standard works of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and some other Latter-day Saint denominations.
THE
Pearl of Great Price
A SELECTION FROM THE REVELATIONS, TRANSLATIONS, AND NARRATIONS OF
JOSEPH SMITH
FIRST PROPHET, SEER AND REVELATOR TO THE CHURCH OF JESUS CHRIST OF LATTER-DAY SAINTS.
DIVIDED INTO CHAPTERS AND VERSES WITH REFERENCES, IN 1902, BY
JAMES E. TALMAGE.
Salt Lake City, Utah. The Deseret News.
1913
Entered According to Act of Congress, in the Year 1902, By Joseph F. Smith, in the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington.
CONTENTS.
ILLUSTRATIONS.
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The Peasant and the Apple-Tree

Perry index 299
* "The Peasant and the Apple-tree", translated by George Fyler Townsend, in Three Hundred Æsop's Fables (1867)
* "The Peasant and the Apple-tree", translated by Vernon Stanley Jones, in Æsop's fables: A New Translation (1912)
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The Peasant Girl of the Rhone

* Aymer's Tomb, in The Literary Souvenir, 1826.
* The Peasant Girl of the Rhone, in Records of Woman (: with Other Poems), 1828.
# The Pearl of Great Price (1913)/Articles of Faith

III.
The Articles of Faith
Of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
$^1$ We believe in God, the Eternal Father, and in His Son, Jesus Christ, and in the Holy Ghost.
$^2$ We believe that men will be punished for their own sins, and not for Adam's transgression.
$^3$ We believe that through the atonement of Christ, all mankind may be saved, by obedience to the laws and ordinances of the Gospel.
$^4$ We believe that the first principles and ordinances of the Gospel are:—First, Faith in the Lord Jesus Christ; Second, Repentance; Third, Baptism by immersion for the remission of sins; Fourth, Laying on of Hands for the Gift of the Holy Ghost.
$^5$ We believe that a man must be called by God, by prophecy, and by the laying on of hands, by those who are in authority, to preach the Gospel and administer in the ordinances thereof.
$^6$ We believe in the same organization that existed in the Primitive Church, viz: apostles, prophets, pastors, teachers, evangelists, etc.
$^7$ We believe in the gift of tongues, prophecy, revelation, visions, healing, interpretation of tongues, etc.
$^8$ We believe the Bible to be the word of God, as far as it is translated correctly; we also believe the Book of Mormon to be the word of God.
$^9$ We believe all that God has revealed, all that He does now reveal, and we believe that He will ​yet reveal many great and important things pertaining to the Kingdom of God.
$^{10}$ We believe in the literal gathering of Israel and in the restoration of the Ten Tribes; that Zion will be built upon this [the American] continent; that Christ will reign personally upon the earth; and, that the earth will be renewed and receive its paradisiacal glory.
$^{11}$ We claim the privilege of worshiping Almighty God according to the dictates of our own conscience, and allow all men the same privilege, let them worship how, where, or what they may.
$^{12}$ We believe in being subject to kings, presidents, rulers, and magistrates, in obeying, honoring, and sustaining the law.
$^{13}$ We believe in being honest, true, chaste, benevolent, virtuous, and in doing good to all men; indeed, we may say that we follow the admonition of Paul, We believe all things, we hope all things, we have endured many things, and hope to be able to endure all things. If there is anything virtuous, lovely, or of good report or praiseworthy, we seek after these things.—Joseph Smith.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Cucumber

See also the disclaimer.
​Cu′cumber. See Cucumis.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Crittenden, Thomas Leonidas

See also Thomas Leonidas Crittenden on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Crittenden, Thomas Leonidas, son of the above, an American general, was born in Kentucky in 1819, and died on Staten Island, N. Y., Oct. 23, 1893. After studying law, he became attorney-general in Kentucky in 1842, and from 1849 to 1853 was United States consul at Liverpool, England. Previous to this, he had served under Taylor in the Mexican War, and on the breaking out of the Civil War he entered the Union army, and was promoted to the rank of major-general and given command of a division of the Army of the Tennessee. Later, he served under Buell and Rosecrans, and at Chickamauga commanded one of the two corps that were routed. Resigning his commission in 1864, he entered the regular army two years later as colonel of the 32d infantry, and was brevetted brigadier-general in 1867. In 1869 he was transferred to the command of the 17th infantry and served on the frontier till 1876, and was in command of Governor's Island until he retired in 1881.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Crockett, David

See also Davy Crockett on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Crock′ett, David, was born at Limestone, Tenn., Aug. 17, 1786. Davy, as he was always called, was sent to school, but on the fourth day he quarreled with the schoolmaster, and, in fear of a thrashing both from his father and from his DAVID CROCKETT teacher, he ran away from home, spending his time roaming about with drovers and carriers. When 18, he came home, and for the first time learned his letters. In 1813 he served in the Creek War under Jackson. After serving in the legislature, he was sent to Congress for three terms. But, though at first a follower of Jackson, he had now become opposed to him, and, foreseeing defeat, he thought of starting upon a new career in Texas, which was then in revolt against Mexico. He had all his life been noted as a crack shot, a great hunter and a brave fighter. Here also, in Texas, he became famous for his exploits. He met his death after defending Fort Alamo against a large Mexican force. When only six men were left, the fort was captured, and the six, including Crockett, were shot by order of Santa Anna, March 6, 1836.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Cryptogams

See also Cryptogam on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Cryp′togams. A name applied to all those plants which do not produce seeds, including therefore Pteridophytes (ferns, etc.), Bryophytes (mosses, etc.) and Thallophytes (Algæ and Fungi). The name was given under the impression that the sexual reproduction was hidden or obscure, when in fact it is more evident than in the seed-plants (Spermatophytes), which were called phanerogams, meaning “evident sexual reproduction.” The mistake arose from the false idea that the stamens and pistils of flowering plants are sex-organs. The name Cryptogam, however, is convenient, although meaningless. Since the Pteridophytes have woody vessels, they are often called vascular Cryptogams, to distinguish them from Bryophytes and Thallophytes, which are Cryptogams without woody vessels.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Cuckoo

See also Cuckoo on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
* BLACK-BILLED CUCKOO
Cuckoo, a bird named from its coo coo cry, found both in the Old and the New World. The European cuckoos have the habit of laying their eggs in the nests of other birds—usually smaller birds than themselves. But this habit is not common to all members of the group, for a number of the cuckoos make nests. The two forms common in the northeastern United States are the yellow-billed and the black-billed cuckoos, birds with noticeably long tails, of an olive-brown color above and white below. They make a loose nest of twigs, and lay four or five eggs of a pale, greenish color. They destroy many injurious caterpillars, and one writer suggests they might well be called the caterpillar-bird. They are shy birds, and the call of the rain-crow, as they are commonly called, is better known than the bird itself. It is a series of tut-tuts, followed by cl-uck-chucks, and then a loud cow-cow-cow.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Cucumis

See also Cucumis on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Cu′cumis. A genus of plants of the gourd family, to which belong the various forms of muskmelons and cucumbers. It belongs to the tropics and contains about 30 species, mostly in Africa and the East Indies. The numerous forms of muskmelon, cantaloupe, etc. are forms of the C. Melo from southern Asia. The cucumbers are forms of C. Sativus, also from southern Asia.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Culberson, Charles A.

See also Charles Allen Culberson on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Cul′berson, Charles A. (1855-), governor of Texas and U. S. senator, born in Alabama, and moved with his parents in 1858 to Gilmer, Texas, and later to Jefferson and to Dallas. After studying law he practiced that profession, and in 1890 became attorney-general of the state, and subsequently governor. In 1899 he was elected U. S. senator, and was re-elected in 1905.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Culloden

See also Battle of Culloden on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Culloden (kŭl-lōd′en), a tract of moorland, about five miles from Inverness, Scotland. Here, April 16, 1746, was fought a battle which put an end forever to the hope of the Stuarts of regaining the English throne. The Duke of Cumberland, with his artillery and disciplined troops, was more than a match for Charles Edward, the young Pretender, whose little army of Highlanders were worn out by a night march, and were half-starving and broken by desertion. After a desperate and bloody attack, the English stood firm and the Highlanders broke and fled.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Crockett, Samuel Rutherford

See also S. R. Crockett on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Crockett, Samuel Rutherford, Scottish novelist, was born at Duchrae, Galloway, Sept. 24, 1860; and was educated at Edinburgh, Heidelberg and Oxford for the Scottish Free-Church ministry, which he entered in 1886, but afterward abandoned for literature. For a time he held a traveling tutorship at Oxford, and this enabled him to see Europe, Asia and Africa. His stories, however, deal chiefly with the homely characters and scenes of his native land. Scottish peasant-life has hardly ever, since the days of Scott and Galt, had so realistic and delightful a portrayer and delineator. He, moreover, draws much of his inspiration from his love of Scotland and of Scottish romantic and religious history. His novels, The Raiders and The Men of the Moss-Hags, admirably recreate the era of the Covenanters and their martyrdom for their stern faith. The first novel to bring Mr. Crockett fame was The Stickit Minister, published in 1893. Since then he has issued, among other works, Sweetheart Travelers, Cleg Kelly and The White Plume of Navarre.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Birch-Pfeiffer, Charlotte

Edition of 1905. See also Charlotte Birch-Pfeiffer on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
BIRCH-PFEIFFER, bērK'pfīf'ẽr, Charlotte (1800-68). A German actress and playwright, born in Stuttgart. She made her début in Munich at the age of 13, and played with great success in Berlin, Vienna, Hamburg, Saint Petersburg, Pesth, Amsterdam, and other places. In 1825 she married Dr. Christian Birch of Copenhagen. She managed the theatre in Zurich from 1837 to 1843, and then, after visiting professionally most of the cities in Germany, made an engagement with the Royal Theatre in Berlin, which continued until her death. Her plays, although of no high artistic merit, showed true dramatic talent, and a thorough knowledge of stage effects, and met with popular success throughout Germany. Most of her plays were dramatizations of popular novels. The following were especially successful: Pfefferrösel; Hinko; Die Günstlinge, probably her best; Der Glöckner von Notre Dame, after Victor Hugo; Die Frau in Weiss, after W. Collins, and Die Waise von Lowood, after Charlotte Brontë's Jane Eyre. A complete edition of her writings was published in 1862.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Birkbeck, George

Edition of 1905. See also George Birkbeck on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
BIRKBECK, bẽrk'bĕk, George (1776-1841). An English physician and educational reformer, born at Settle, Yorkshire. He studied medicine at the universities of Edinburgh and London. At the age of 23 he was appointed professor of philosophy at the Andersonian University, Glasgow, where in 1800 he introduced a course of lectures to workingmen. This ‘mechanics' class’ evolved, in 1823, into the Glasgow Mechanics' Institution, which is believed to have been the first institution of its kind. This was followed in 1824 by the London Mechanics' Institution, also organized by Dr. Birkbeck, and subsequently named in his honor. The success of these educational establishments paved the way for the present system of popular scientific education in England.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Biron

Edition of 1905. See also Love's Labor's Lost and Thomas Southerne on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
BIRON, Fr. pron. bḗ'rṓN'. (1) A light-headed, light-tongued lord in the suite of the King of Navarre, in Shakespeare's Love's Labor's Lost. (2) A character in the tragedy The Fatal Marriage, by Southerne; the husband of Isabella, and much-wronged brother of Carlos. The rôle was among the earliest of the younger Macready.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Biermann, Karl Eduard

Edition of 1905. See also Karl Eduard Biermann on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
BIERMANN, bēr'mȧn, Karl Eduard (1803-92). A German artist, born in Berlin. He was at first a decorative painter, but afterwards studied landscape in Switzerland, the Tyrol, and Italy, and was one of the founders and most prominent members of the Berlin school of landscape painting. He was for some time a professor in the Berlin Academy. One of his best works is “Evening in the High Alps” (1842). Others are “View of Florence” (1834), “Tasso's Oak” (1836), “Isle of Philæ,” “Temple of Edfu,” and sixteen water-colors on motives drawn from Dalmatia (1853). His style is in general forceful and harmonious, large in outline, and somewhat decorative in detail.