OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Executive Order 6100

more info.
Signed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, March 27, 1933
Secondary Source
Presumption of entitlement, etc. EXECUTIVE ORDER VETERANS REGULATION NO. 12 Presumption of Entitlement to Pensions for Spanish-War Veterans and Certain Widows Children, and Dependent Parents of Deceased World War Veterans
veteran who were in receipt of pension or compensation at the date of enactment of Public No. 2, 73d Congress, shall be entitled to continue to receive a pension under this act at the rate being paid them on the date of enactment of Public No. 2, 73d Congress, it being presumed that the injury or disease causing the disability or death was incurred in the line of duty in the active military or naval service during either the Spanish-American War, including the Boxer Rebellion and Philippine Insurrection, or the World War, but such presumption shall be rebuttable and the Administrator of Veterans' Affairs is hereby authorized and directed to cause to be reviewed all such claims, and where, on the basis of medical judg- ment or affirmative evidence, it is determined that the injury or disease causing disability or death was not incurred in the line of duty in the active military or naval service, to discontinue payment of pension as of the last day of the calendar month during which such determination is made. (A new paragraph II added by Vet- erans Regulation No. 12 (a), effective March 27, 1934, which was canceled by Veterans Regulation No. 12 (b), effective March 28, 1934).
# Executive Order 9946

more info.
See the Notes section for a list of Executive Orders affected by or related to the issuance of this Executive Order.
Signed by President Harry S. Truman Saturday, April 10, 1948
Federal Register page & date: 13 FR 1977, Tuesday, April 13, 1948
By virtue of and pursuant to the authority vested in me by section 10 of the act of March 3, 1933, as amended by section 6 of the act of August 2, 1946, 60 Stat. 808 (5 U.S.C. 73b), and in the interest of the internal management of the Government, I hereby prescribe the following regulations governing allowances for actual transportation expenses in excess of the lowest first-class rate in certain cases as hereinafter defined:
* Except as to (1) military officers traveling in a mileage status and (2) civilian officers or employees and their dependents, these regulations shall be applicable to persons for whom the Department of the Army, the Department of the Air Force, the Department of the Navy, the Marine Corps, the Coast Guard, the Coast and Geodetic Survey, and the Public Health Service are authorized to furnish transportation.
* Whenever under authority of law actual expenses for transportation may be allowed, allowances therefor shall not exceed the lowest first-class rate in effect on the facility used in such transportation except as follows: (a) Allowances may be made for transportation, including sleeping accommodations, in excess of the lowest first-class rate in effect on the facility used in such transportation upon certification by the person issuing the procuring instrument for transportation and making reservation therefor, on the procuring instrument and such other documents as may be required in support of travel-expense vouchers under regulations prescribed by the head of the agency concerned, that at the time the reservation was made accommodations of the lwest first-class rate in effect on the facility used were not available, and that the accommodations used were at the lowest first-class rate then available. (b) Whenever persons to which this order is applicable purchase from personal funds their own transportation, including sleeping accommodations, in whole or in part, and such transportation is at a rate in excess of the lowest first-class rate in effect on the facility used, they shall make on their travel expense voucher the applicable certification required by paragraph 2(a) hereof.
* In either of the cases described in paragraph 2 hereof, the certification shall be accepted as prima facie evidence of the facts to which certification is made.
* The use of a compartment or such other accommodations as may be authorized or approved by the head of the agency concerned or such subordinates as he may designate may be allowed when required for purposes of security.

## Notes

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### See Related

* None Available
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Executive Order 9947

more info.
See the Notes section for a list of Executive Orders affected by or related to the issuance of this Executive Order.
Signed by President Harry S. Truman Saturday, April 10, 1948
Federal Register page & date: 13 FR 1977, Tuesday, April 13, 1948
Whereas this dispute has not heretofore been adjusted under the provisions of the Railway Labor Act, as amended; and
Whereas this dispute, in the judgment of the National Mediation Board, threatens substantially to interrupt interstate commerce to a degree such as to deprive a large portion of the country of essential transportation service:
    The board shall report its findings to the President with respect to the said dispute within thirty days from the date of this order.
    As provided by section 10 of the Railway Labor Act as amended, from this date and for thirty days after the board has made its report to the President, no change, except by agreement, shall be made by the Pennsylvania Railroad or its employees in the conditions out of which the said dispute arose.

## Notes

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### Revoked by

* Executive Order 12553, February 25, 1986
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Executive Order 9943

more info.
See the Notes section for a list of Executive Orders affected by or related to the issuance of this Executive Order.
Signed by President Harry S. Truman Friday, April 9, 1948
Federal Register page & date: 13 FR 1975, Tuesday, April 13, 1948
By virtue of the authority vested in me by the Foreign Assistance Act of 1948, approved April 3, 1948 (hereinafter referred to as ‘‘the Act’’), and as President of the United States, it is hereby ordered, in the interest of the internal management of the Government, as follows:
* The Administrator for Economic Cooperation is hereby authorized and directed to make appropriate allocations, for the purposes of Titles I and IV of the Act except section 404(b) of Title IV, to any department, agency, or establishment of the Government, from such funds as shall be made available to the Economic Cooperation Administration by the President out of funds advanced by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation and out of appropriated funds.
* It is hereby determined, pursuant to sections 119 and 403 of the Act, that the performance of the functions authorized under Titles I and IV of the Act without regard to the following laws will further the purposes of the said Titles I and IV:
| 15 U.S.C. 616a | (48 Stat. 500) |
| 31 U.S.C. 529 | (sec. 3648, Revised Statutes, as amended) |
| 41 U.S.C. 5 | (sec. 3709, Revised Statutes, as amended) |
| 41 U.S.C. 8 | (sec. 3710, Revised Statutes) |
| 41 U.S.C. 10a | (47 Stat. 1520) |
| 41 U.S.C. 13 | (sec. 3735, Revised Statutes) |
| 46 U.S.C. 1241 | (49 Stat. 2015) |

## Notes

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### Superseded by

* Executive Order 10387, August 25, 1952
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Executive Order 9944

more info.
See the Notes section for a list of Executive Orders affected by or related to the issuance of this Executive Order.
Signed by President Harry S. Truman Friday, April 9, 1948
Federal Register page & date: 13 FR 1975, Tuesday, April 13, 1948
By virtue of the authority vested in me by the Foreign Assistance Act of 1948, approved April 3, 1948, and by section 202 of the Revised Statutes, and as President of the United States, it is hereby ordered, in the interest of the internal management of the Government, as follows:
    The Secretary of State is hereby authorized and directed to perform the functions of the President under the International Children's Emergency Fund Assistance Act of 1948 and under the Greek-Turkish Assistance Act of 1948 (being Titles II and III of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1948, respectively). The said Title III shall be administered in accordance with the provisions of Executive Order No. 9857 of May 22, 1947, entitled ‘‘Regulations for Carrying out the Provisions of the Act Entitled 'An Act to provide for assistance to Greece and Turkey'’’.

## Notes

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### Revoked by

* Executive Order 10338, April 4, 1952

### See Related

* Executive Order 9857, May 22, 1947
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Executive Order 994

more info.
Signed by President Theodore Roosevelt Tuesday, December 22, 1908
Miss Clare Kiggins may be appointed to a position in the departmental classified service upon passing such appropriate noncompetitive examination for the place to be filled as the Commission may prescribe.
The White House
       December 22, 1908.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Executive Order 9940

more info.
See the Notes section for a list of Executive Orders affected by or related to the issuance of this Executive Order.
Signed by President Harry S. Truman Thursday, March 25, 1948
Federal Register page & date: 13 FR 1625, Saturday, March 27, 1948
Whereas this dispute has not heretofore been adjusted under the provisions of the Railway Labor Act, as amended; and
Whereas this dispute, in the judgment of the National Mediation Board, threatens substantially to interrupt interstate commerce to a degree such as to deprive a large section of the country of essential transportation service:
    The board shall report its findings to the President with respect to the said dispute within thirty days from the date of this order.
    As provided by section 10 of the Railway Labor Act, as amended, from this date and for thirty days after the board has made its report to the President, no change, except by agreement, shall be made by the Railway Express Agency, Inc., or its employees in the conditions out of which the said dispute arose.

## Notes

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### Revoked by

* Executive Order 12553, February 25, 1986
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Executive Order 9941

more info.
See the Notes section for a list of Executive Orders affected by or related to the issuance of this Executive Order.
Signed by President Harry S. Truman Friday, March 26, 1948
Federal Register page & date: 13 FR 1625, Saturday, March 27, 1948
By virtue of the authority vested in me by section 303 of the Foreign Service Act of 1946 (60 Stat. 1002) and section 202 of the Revised Statutes (5 U.S.C. 156), the Secretary of State is hereby authorized, in the interest of the internal management of the Government, to exercise the authority vested in the President by sections 801(a) and 881(a) of the Foreign Service Act of 1946 (60 Stat. 1019 and 1025) to prescribe rules and regulations governing the maintenance of the Foreign Service Retirement and Disability System and the deposit of voluntary contributions into the Foreign Service Retirement and Disability Fund.

## Notes

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### Superseded by

* Executive Order 10897, December 2, 1960

### See Related

* Executive Order 12292, February 23, 1981
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Executive Order 9942

more info.
See the Notes section for a list of Executive Orders affected by or related to the issuance of this Executive Order.
Signed by President Harry S. Truman Thursday, April 1, 1948
Federal Register page & date: 13 FR 1823, Saturday, April 3, 1948
By virtue of the authority vested in me by the Rubber Act of 1948, approved March 31, 1948, and as President of the United States, it is hereby ordered, in the interest of the internal management of the Government, as follows:
* The Secretary of Commerce shall perform and exercise the functions, duties, powers, authority, and discretion (hereinafter collectively referred to as functions) vested in the President by sections 3, 4, 18(c), and 18(d) of the Rubber Act of 1948.
* The Reconstruction Finance Corporation shall perform and exercise the functions vested in the President by, or designated in, sections 5(c), 5(e), 6, 7, 8, 11(a), and 18(f) of the Rubber Act of 1948: Provided, That the provisions of this paragraph which relate to section 6(a) of the said Act shall not be construed as precluding any other agency of the government from engaging in research or development authorized by law.
* The Secretary of Commerce shall in respect of the functions covered by paragraph 1 of this order and related functions under the Rubber Act of 1948, and the Reconstruction Finance Corporation shall in respect of the functions covered by paragraph 2 of this order and related functions under said Act, perform and exercise the functions of the President (including the power of subpoena) under sections 10 and 12 of the said Act.
* This order shall be effective April 1, 1948.

## Notes

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### Superseded by

* Executive Order 10539, June 22, 1954

### See Related

* Executive Order 10553, August 18, 1954;
* Executive Order 10773, July 1, 1958;
* Executive Order 11051, September 27, 1962

### Revoked by

* Executive Order 12553, February 25, 1986
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Executive Order 9945

more info.
See the Notes section for a list of Executive Orders affected by or related to the issuance of this Executive Order.
Signed by President Harry S. Truman Saturday, April 10, 1948
Federal Register page & date: 13 FR 1975, Tuesday, April 13, 1948
By virtue of and pursuant to the authority vested in me by section 3(b) of the Civil Service Retirement Act of May 29, 1930, 46 Stat. 470, as amended, and in the interest of the internal management of the Government, section 1 of Executive Order No. 9154 of May 1, 1942, as amended by Executive Order No. 9824 of January 28, 1947, is hereby further amended by the addition thereto of a new paragraph (1) reading as follows:
       ‘‘(1) Employees serving under emergency-indefinite appointments not exceeding 5 years.’’

## Notes

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### Amends

* Executive Order 9154, May 1, 1942

### See Related

* Executive Order 9824, January 28, 1947
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Executive Order 9948

more info.
See the Notes section for a list of Executive Orders affected by or related to the issuance of this Executive Order.
Signed by President Harry S. Truman Saturday, April 10, 1948
Federal Register page & date: 13 FR 1977, Tuesday, April 13, 1948
Whereas this dispute has not heretofore been adjusted under the provisions of the Railway Labor Act, as amended; and
Whereas this dispute, in the judgment of the National Mediation Board, threatens substantially to interrupt interstate commerce within the State of Pennsylvania to a degree such as to deprive that portion of the country of essential transportation service:
    The board shall report its findings to the President with respect to the said dispute within thirty days from the date of this order.
    As provided by section 10 of the Railway Labor Act as amended, from this date and for thirty days after the board has made its report to the President, no change, except by agreement, shall be made by the Aliquippa and Southern Railroad Company or its employees in the conditions out of which the said dispute arose.

## Notes

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### Revoked by

* Executive Order 12553, February 25, 1986
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Bonifacio Jozé d'Andrada e Sylva

See also José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva on Wikipedia; José Bonifácio de Andrada at Wikipedia, Bonifacio Joze d'Andrada e Sylva in the 11th Edition; and the disclaimer.
ANDRADA E SYLVA, Bonifacio Jozé d', a distinguished Brazilian statesman and naturalist, was born at Villa de Santos, near Rio Janeiro, 1765, and died at Nictheroy, 1838. In 1800 he was appointed professor of geology at Coimbra, where he had studied, and soon after inspector-general of the Portuguese mines ; and, in 1812, he was made perpetual secretary of the Academy of Lisbon. Returning to Brazil in 1819, he urged Dom Pedro to resist the recall of the Lisbon court, and was appointed one of his ministers in 1821. When the independence of Brazil was declared, Audrada was made minister of the interior and of foreign affairs ; and when it was established, he was again elected by the constituent Assembly, but his democratic principles resulted in his dismissal from office, July 1823. On the dissolution of the Assembly in November, he was arrested and banished to France, where he lived in exile near Bordeaux till, in 1829, he was permitted to return to Brazil. But being again arrested, in 1833, and tried for intriguing on behalf of Dom Pedro I., lie passed the rest of his days in retirement. He has left no single work of any length, but a multitude of memoirs, chiefly on mines.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Boston

See also Boston (disambiguation) on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
In the 9th edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica, Boston may refer to:
* Boston, a town in Lincolnshire, England;
* Boston, a town in Massachusetts in the United States of North America; and
* Thomas Boston, Scottish divine.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Borough-English

See also Ultimogeniture on Wikipedia; Ultimogeniture at Wikipedia; Borough-English in the 11th Edition; and the disclaimer.
BOROUGH-ENGLISH, a custom prevailing in certain ancient boroughs, and in districts attached to them (where the lands are held in socage), and also in certain copyhold manors (chiefly in Surrey and Middlesex), by which in general lands descend to the youngest son, to the exclusion of all the other children, of the person dying seized and intestate. Descent to the youngest brother to the exclusion of all other collaterals, where there is no issue, is sometimes included in the general definition, but this is really a special custom to be proved from the Court-Rolls of the manor and from local reputation,—a custom which is sometimes extended to the youngest sister, uncle, aunt. Generally, however, Borough-English, apart from specialties, may be said to differ from gavel-kind in not including collaterals. It is often found in connection with the distinct custom that the widow shall take as dower the whole and not merely one-third of her husband's lands. (See Third Report of Real Property Commission, and case of Muggleton v. Barnett, 2 Hurls. and Nor. Rep.)
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Thugut, Franz Maria von

See also Franz Maria von Thugut on Wikipedia; Thugut, Franz Maria von in the 11th Edition; and the disclaimer.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Thuringorum Lex

See also Lex Thuringorum on Wikipedia; Thuringorum Lex in the 11th Edition; and the disclaimer.
THURINGORUM LEX.See Salic Law.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Thurso

See also Thurso on Wikipedia; Thurso in the 11th Edition; and the disclaimer.
THURSO, a seaport, police burgh, and burgh of barony of Caithness, Scotland, is situated at the mouth of the Thurso, on the beautiful Thurso Bay, at the northern terminus of the Highland Railway, 21 miles north-west of Wick, and 367 north of Edinburgh by rail. The new town, regularly built with broad streets and good houses, is steadily increasing in population. In Macdonald Square, now laid out with ornamental walks, there is a statue of Sir John SINCLAIR (q.v.). Along the sands a promenade 300 yards in length was formed in 1882. The town-hall (1870) embraces a court-room and rooms for the free public library and the museum, which contains the geological and botanical specimens of Robert Dick, the "Thurso baker," commemorated by Samuel Smiles, as well as a large collection of northern birds. In the neighbourhood are large quarries for Caithness flags, which are cut and dressed in the town. They constitute the principal export, but the trade of the port is hindered by the inconvenience of the harbour. There is, however, communication with the south and west, and with Orkney by steamer from Scrabster pier, 3 miles to the north. To the east is Thurso Castle, the residence of the Ulbster branch of the Sinclairs. The population in 1871 was 3622 and in 1881 it was 4026.
Thurso was the centre of the Norse power on the mainland when at its height under Thorfinn (1014), and afterwards till the battle of Largs. Count Moddan, nephew of King Duncan, quartered his army for a time at Thurso, which he terms "the town of Caithness," and was plentifully supplied by spoil till surprised and slain by Thorkel in 1040. In the time of Malcolm II. Earl Erlend resided in the town. In 1633 it was created a burgh of barony, and was the seat of the sheriff courts of the county till they were removed to Wick in 1828.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Thurii

See also Thurii on Wikipedia; Thurii in the 11th Edition; and the disclaimer.
THURII, or Thurium, a city of Magna Græcia on the Gulf of Tarentum, near the site of the older Sybaris (q.v.), but farther inland. It owed its origin to an attempt made in 452 B.C. by Sybarite exiles and their descendants to repeople their old home. The new settlement was crushed by Crotona, but the Athenians lent aid to the fugitives, and in 446, or rather in 443, Pericles sent out to Thurii a mixed body of colonists from various parts of Greece, among whom were Herodotus and the orator Lysias. The pretensions of the Sybarite colonists led to dissensions and ultimately to their expulsion; peace was made with Crotona, and also, after a period of war, with Tarentum , and Thurii rose rapidly in power and drew settlers from all parts of Greece, especially from Peloponnesus, so that the tie to Athens was not always acknowledged. The oracle of Delphi determined that the city had no founder but Apollo, and in the Athenian war in Sicily Thurii was at first neutral, though it finally helped the Athenians. Thurii had a democratic constitution and good laws, and, though we hear little of its history till in 390 it received a severe defeat from the rising power of the Lucanians, many beautiful coins testify to the wealth and splendour of its days of prosperity. In the 4th century it continued to decline, and at length called in the help of the Romans against the Lucanians, and then in 282 against Tarentum. Thenceforward its position was dependent, and in the Second Punic War, after several vicissitudes, it was depeopled and plundered by Hannibal (204). In 194 a Roman colony was founded, with Latin rights, known for a time as Copiæ, but afterwards by the old name of Thurii. It continued to be a place of some importance, the situation being favourable and the region fertile, and does not seem to have been wholly abandoned till the Middle Ages. Its site, near Terranova di Sibari, is marked by considerable ruins of the Roman period (cf. Lenormant, in Academy, xvii. 73, and Barnabei, ibid., xvi. 55 sq.).