OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Ustarana

See also Storyani on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​USTARANA, a Pathan tribe who inhabit the outer hills opposite the extreme south portion of Dera Ismail Khan district in the North-West Frontier Province of India. Originally the Ustaranas were entirely a pastoral and trading tribe; but a quarrel with their neighbours, the Musa Khel, put a stop to their annual westward immigration, and they were forced to take to agriculture, and have since acquired a good deal of the plain country below the hills. Their territory includes only the eastern slopes of the Suliman mountains, the crest of the range being held by the Musa Khel, Isots and Zmarais (see Suliman Hills). The Ustaranas are venturesome traders, carrying goods from Kandahar as far as Bengal. They are a fine manly race, quiet and well-behaved, and many of them enlist in the Indian army and police.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Usk (town)

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​USK, a small market town, is beautifully situated on the right bank of the Usk river, 10 m. N.N.E. of Newport. Pop. of urban district (1901), 1476. It unites with Newport and Monmouth to form the Monmouth parliamentary district of boroughs, returning one member. It is of high antiquity, occupying the site of a Roman-British village or fort; and there are picturesque ruins of an ancient castle erected in defence of the Welsh marches, and as such, a scene of frequent strife from Norman times until the days of the warlike Owen Glendower, about 1400. The church of St Mary originally belonged to a Benedictine nunnery of the 12th century.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Ustica

See also Ustica on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​USTICA, an island off the N. coast of Sicily, 411/2 m. N.N.W. of Palermo. Pop. (1861) 2231; (1901) 1916. It is the Osteodes of the Greeks, but in Roman times was known as Ustica. The island is entirely volcanic and subject to earthquakes, and is fertile. There is a considerable penal colony. There are some Roman tombs excavated in the rock.
# Memorials of a Tour on the Continent, 1820/Our Lady of the Snow

OUR LADY OF THE SNOW.
# Memorials of a Tour on the Continent, 1820/In the Cathedral at Cologne

SONNET.
IN THE CATHEDRAL AT COLOGNE.
# Memorials of a Tour on the Continent, 1820/On Approaching the Staub-Bach, Lauterbrunnen

SONNET.
ON APPROACHING THE STAUB-BACH, LAUTERBRUNNEN.
# Memorials of a Tour on the Continent, 1820/On Being Stranded near the Harbour of Boulogne

SONNET.
ON BEING STRANDED NEAR THE HARBOUR OF BOULOGNE.
# Memorials of a Tour on the Continent, 1820/Scene, on the Lake of Brientz

SCENE
ON THE LAKE OF BRIENTZ.
# Memorials of a Tour on the Continent, 1820/Local Recollection on the Heights near Hockheim

SONNET.
LOCAL RECOLLECTION ON THE HEIGHTS NEAR HOCKHEIM,
# Memorials of a Tour on the Continent, 1820/Memorial, near the Outlet of the Lake of Thun

MEMORIAL,
NEAR THE OUTLET OF THE LAKE OF THUN.
# Memorials of a Tour on the Continent, 1820/On Hearing the "Ranz Des Vaches" on the Top of the Pass of St. Gothard

SONNET.
ON HEARING THE "RANZ DES VACHES" ON THE TOP OF THE PASS OF ST. GOTHARD.
# Memorials of a Tour on the Continent, 1820/Processions, suggested on a Sabbath Morning in the Vale of Chamouny

PROCESSIONS.
SUGGESTED ON A SABBATH MORNING IN THE VALE OF CHAMOUNY.
# A Biographical Dictionary of the Celebrated Women of Every Age and Country/Callicrata

Is celebrated by Anacreon: Plato also speaks of her in very high terms.
# A Biographical Dictionary of the Celebrated Women of Every Age and Country/Calipso

CALIPSO, or CALLISSA, a female Painter of Antiquity.
# A Biographical Dictionary of the Celebrated Women of Every Age and Country/Cambis, (Margaret de)

CAMBIS, (MARGARET DE) a French Lady of Languedoc in the sixteenth Century,
Translated several works from the Italian.
F.C.
# A Biographical Dictionary of the Celebrated Women of Every Age and Country/Camus, (Charlotte de)

CAMUS, (CHARLOTTE DE) a French Lady in the Beginning of the last Century,
Much celebrated for her poetical talents; her pieces are scattered in different collections, but not esteemed much at present.
F.C.
# A Biographical Dictionary of the Celebrated Women of Every Age and Country/Calderini, (Bettina)

When he was prevented by business or ill health, she gave public lectures on that science with great applause.
F. C.
# A Biographical Dictionary of the Celebrated Women of Every Age and Country/Calvin, (Miss)

CALVIN, (MISS) Daughter of a House Painter, at Penrith, in Cumberland; an ingenious Man in many Things beyond his Profession.
A Lady whose botanical paintings highly merit the attention of the curious: for delicacy of colouring and taste in the disposition of the foliage and flowers, together with the scientific accuracy of the work, her finished pieces vie with any paintings of the kind in Europe, After Mr. Pennant visited this great artist, he could not forbear noting; "Miss Calvin, of exquisite skill in painting plants and flowers, with equal elegance and accuracy: a heaven-born genius, obscure and unknown."
She at length was patronised by Lady Lonsdale, and removed to London, where, soon afterwards, she died without reaping much public fame.
Hutchinson's Cumberland.
# A Biographical Dictionary of the Celebrated Women of Every Age and Country/Cambra

CAMBRA, called the Beautiful, Daughter of Belinus, one of the ancient British Kings,
Was an able mathematician, and exerted her talents and erudition in the service of her country. She is said to have invented the manner of building and fortifying citadels. Her understanding was so excellent and her knowledge so extensive, that the king and his statesmen consulted her on all important affairs.
F.C.
# A Biographical Dictionary of the Celebrated Women of Every Age and Country/Cambry, (Jane de)

CAMBRY, (JANE DE) Native of Tournay. Became a Nun of Lyons, in 1625; died 1639;
Wrote several religious works; one was on The Ruin of Self, and Erection of divine Love.
F.C.
# A Biographical Dictionary of the Celebrated Women of Every Age and Country/Camma

CAMMA, a Lady of Galatia,
Wife of Sinatus, assassinated by Sinorix, who was in love with Camma, and sought to espouse her. She resisted his prayers and entreaties; but, fearing his power, determined to feign a consent, in order to avenge the death of her husband. She was priestess of the temple of Diana, where the marriage was to be celebrated. It was a custom for the new-married couple to drink out of the same cup Camma poisoned the beverage; and, drinking first herself, gave it to the unsuspicious Sinorix; then, delighted with the success of her plan, she bade him tell his attendants to prepare his tomb, and said, she died with joy to revenge her husband.
F.C.
# A Biographical Dictionary of the Celebrated Women of Every Age and Country/Candahari

Appears by the account of the penetrating statesman, Vizir Nezam, to have been the chief, though secret spring of every ministerial movement. She was handsome, and endowed with uncommon parts; a steady friend, and a determined, but not a cruel enemy. She protected her favourites in the most dangerous situations; and hurled with a sure and inevitable arm, disappointment and disgrace on the heads of those that wished to rise upon their ruin.
Altun Tash was the first omra of the divan; when the government of Kharezme being vacant, he solicited the appointment. As he was esteemed the chief pillar of the throne, the court was surprised that he should have accepted it: and a friend begging to know what could induce him to resign the power he had over so vast an empire, to take the charge of a court? he replied, "By the God who created heaven and earth, the secret which I shall now disclose to you I have not revealed to any living soul. It was the enmity of Jemila Kandahari,and that only, which made me give up the power I had over this great empire. For many years have the affairs thereof been under my management; and in that time, whatever I tied she unloosed, and whatever I unloosed she tied. Whatever she resolved upon I was incapable of opposing; and whatever she opposed, it was in vain for me to attempt. Vexed with being continually foiled, and unable to apply a remedy, the ​world appeared dark in my eyes, and I voluntarily threw myself into this retirement."
We must not suppose that this influence was thus powerful in the court of a weak or a dissipated prince: Mahmoud was one of the greatest monarchs who ever reigned; almost the whole of his large empire he had conquered himself; and it was governed entirely under his own inspection. The resentment Jemila Khandahari, or, literally, the beauty of Khandahar, bore to Altun Tash, was occasioned by his opposition to the Vizir Ahmed Hassen, whom she patronised. Gallantry, at the same time, does not appear to have had any concern in her operations; for Nezam observes, that though her favourite Ahmed corresponded with her often, they did not see one another perhaps once in twelve months.
Richardson's Dissertations on the Languages of Eastern Nations.
# Moral Pieces, in Prose and Verse/Evening Examination

EVENING EXAMINATION.
AND now let sable night assert her power,
And summon back the late departed hour,
And call the pausing soul with care to trace
The lines that mark its half averted face.
The frown of pride, or semblance of content,
The deed of duty done, or time mispent,
The meek resolve, firm hope, or wandering bold,
The vain desire, or cherish'd, or controlled,
Eye fix'd on heaven, or page with error stain'd,
Does memory smile, or is thy conscience pain'd?
Of all thy wanderings, view the vast amount:
This is the emblem of thy last account.
# Moral Pieces, in Prose and Verse/Evening Reflection

EVENING REFLECTION.
ALONE I sit, but yet no pensive sigh,
 Of discontent, or loneliness is here; For solitude has shed her purest joy,
 And barr'd the entrance of unhallow'd care.
And from her cell, comes forth with shrouded head,
 The veil'd moon shrinking from the gazer's sight;
As if some unseen hand her steps had led,
 Silent and slow to meet the waiting night.
And aged night, clad in his best attire,
 Seems to compose his brow tho' late so stern,
To copy youth, to bid his frowns retire,
 And let his starry eyes with lustre burn.
O Planet! hide not thus thy silver ray,
 Lift up thy veil, and let thy smile be seen,
Till silent night confess thy magic sway,
 And every bright star own thee as a queen.
Yet more effulgent than thy brightest beam,
 And warmer than the cold star's distant ray,
May Mercy's light upon my spirit stream,
 When she from earth shall wing her unknown way.
# Moral Pieces, in Prose and Verse/Exclamation during a Storm of Thunder and Lightning at Midnight

EXCLAMATION DURING A STORM OF THUNDER AND LIGHTNING AT MIDNIGHT.
OH, praise Him while the thunders roll,
 And while the lightnings dart,
And praise Him in that grateful strain,
 The incense of the heart.
# Moral Pieces, in Prose and Verse/Errata

ERRATA.
PAGE 34—line 1st, for O Thou, read Thou at.
 48—line 7th, for lay, read lie.
 49—line 7th, for trackess, read trackless.
 67—line 21st, for criteria, read criterion.
 80—line 12th, for Fraklin, read Franklin.
 209—line 17th, for were, read wove.
# Moral Pieces, in Prose and Verse/Essays

THE following productions were addressed by the author to a number of young Ladies placed under her care, and are here introduced in the form of Essays.
# Moral Pieces, in Prose and Verse/Evening Thought

EVENING THOUGHT.
The evening zephyr on its wings
The sigh of recollection brings,
 For days and seasons past;
And with it too, a voice it bears,
Trust to your God, your hopes and cares,
Your fears, your comforts, and your pray'rs.
 While days and seasons last.
# Moral Pieces, in Prose and Verse/First Anniversary of the Death of the Rev. Mr Hooker

FIRST ANNIVERSARY OF THE DEATH OF THE REV. MR. HOOKER.
SAD o'er thy damp and lonely bed,
 The herbage springs, the long grass sighs, The sculptur'd stone erects its head,
 And sorrow lifts her tearful eyes.
But ah! the guise of woe, how vain,
 The sculptur'd stone, the mourner's tear,
To him who scap'd this world of pain,
 Smiles calmly in a purer sphere.
# Moral Pieces, in Prose and Verse/Evening

EVENING.
COOL evening's breath is calmly shed,
And o'er the earth, damp vapours spread,
Lost is her robe of infant green,
And clos'd the eye of day is seen.
But Oh, an eye that never sleeps,
Its silent watch o'er Israel keeps,
A tempered shield is o'er him spread,
An arm of love sustains his head, A seraph voice is in his ear,
Sleep sweetly, for thy God is near.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Raimund, Ferdinand

See also Ferdinand Raimund on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​RAIMUND, FERDINAND (1790–1836), Austrian actor and dramatist, was born on the 1st of June 1790, in Vienna. In 18121. he acted at the Josefstädter Theater, and in 1817 at the Leopoldstädter Theater. In 1823 he produced his first play, Der Barometermacher auf der Zauberinsel, which was followed by Der Diamant des Geislerkönigs (1824) and the still popular Bauer als Millionär. The last-mentioned play, which appeared in 1826, Der Alpenkönig und der Menschenfeind (1828) and Der Verschwender (1833) are Raimund’s masterpieces. He committed suicide on the 5th of September 1836, owing to the fear that he had been bitten by a mad dog. Raimund was a master of the Viennese Posse or farce; his rich humour is seen to best advantage in his realistic portraits of his fellow-citizens.
Raimund’s Sämtliche Werke (with biography by J. N. Vogl) appeared in 4 vols. (1837); they have been also edited by K. Glossy and A. Sauer (4 vols., 1881; 2nd ed., 1891), and a selection by E. Castle (1903). See E. Schmidt in Charakteristiken, vol. i. (1886); A. Farinelli, Grillparzer und Raimund (1897); L. A. Frankl, Zur Biographie F. Raimunds (1884); and especially A. Sauer’s article in the Allgem. Deutsche Biographie.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Raipur

See also Raipur on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​RAIPUR, a town and district of British India, in the Chhattisgarh division of the Central Provinces. The town is 994 ft. above sea-level, 188 m. E. of Nagpur; and has a station on the Bengal-Nagpur railway. Pop. (1901) 32,114. There are ruins of an immense fort, with many tanks and old temples. It has a German mission and a government high school. The Rajkumar college, for the education of the sons of the chiefs of Chhattisgarh, was transferred here from Jubbulpore in 1894.
The District of Raipur has an area of 9831 sq. m. It spreads over a vast plateau closed in by ranges of hills branching from the great Vindhyan chain. It is drained by the Seonath and the Mahanadi rivers. Geologically the country consists in the hilly tracts of gneiss and quartzite; the sandstone rocks in the west are intersected with trap dykes. Iron ore is abundant, and red ochre of high repute is found. In the interior the principal strata are a soft sandstone slate (covered generally by a layer of laterite gravel) and blue limestone, which crops out in numerous places on the surface and is invariably found in the beds of the rivers. Throughout the plains the soil is generally fertile. The climate is generally good; the mean temperature is 78° F., and the annual rainfall averages 55 in. The population on the present area in 1901 was 1,096,858, showing a decrease of 2.5% in the decade. The principal crop is rice. There are manufactures of cotton goods and brass ware. The north-west corner of the district is crossed by the main line of the Bengal-Nagpur railway, and a narrow-gauge branch runs from Raipur town due south. The district suffered severely from famine in 1896–97, and again in 1899–1900. Raipur was governed by a branch of the Haihaivansi dynasty of Ratanpur for many centuries until their deposition by the Mahrattas in 1750. The country was then already in a condition of decay, and soon afterwards it relapsed into absolute anarchy. In 1818 it was taken under British superintendence and made rapid progress. It fell with the rest of the Nagpur dominions to the British government in 1854. In 1906 its area was reduced by the formation of the new district of Drug.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Rain

See also Rain on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​RAIN (O.E. regn; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Regen, Swed. and Dan. regn; it has been connected with Lat. rigare, to wet, Gr. βρέχειν), the water vapour of the atmosphere when condensed into drops large enough to be precipitated upon the earth. Hence the term is extended to signify the fall of such drops in a shower, and in the plural, “the rains,” it signifies the rainy seasons in India and elsewhere where under normal climatic conditions such seasons are clearly distinguished from the dry. A rain-band is “a dark band in the solar spectrum, caused by the presence of water-vapour in the atmosphere” (New Engl. Dict.); a rain-gauge is an instrument used to measure the amount of rainfall (see Meteorology, where the whole subject of precipitation is fully treated).
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Rainy, Robert

See also Robert Rainy on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​RAINY, ROBERT (1826–1906), Scotch Presbyterian divine, was born on the 1st of January 1826; his father, Dr Harry Rainy, professor of forensic medicine in Glasgow University, was the son of a Sutherlandshire minister. Young Rainy was intended for his father’s profession, but he was caught by the evangelical fervour of the Disruption movement, and after studying for the Free Church he became a minister, first in Aberdeenshire and then in Edinburgh, till in 1862 he was elected professor of Church history in the theological seminary, New College, a post he only resigned in 1900. In 1874 he was made principal of the college and was subsequently known as Principal Rainy. He had come to the front as a champion of the liberal party in the Union controversy within the Free Church, and in combating Dean Stanley’s Broad Church views in the interests of Scotch evangelic ism; and about 1875 he became the undisputed leader of the Free Church. He guided it through the controversies as to Robertson Smith’s heresies, as to the use of hymns and instrumental music, and as to the Declaratory Act, brought to a successful issue the union of the Free and United Presbyterian Churches, and threw the weight of the united church on the side of freedom of Biblical criticism. He was the first moderator of the General Assembly of the United Free Church of Scotland, having previously been moderator of the Free General Assembly. Though not a great scholar, he was eminent as an ecclesiastical statesman, and his influence was far-reaching. After the strain of the fight with the so-called “Wee Frees” in 1904–5 his health broke down, and he went to Australia for recovery, but died at Melbourne on the 22nd of December 1906.
See Lives by P. Carnegie Simpson (1909) and R. Mackintosh (1907).
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Rainolds, John

See also John Rainolds on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​RAINOLDS (or Reynolds), JOHN (1549–1607), English divine, was born about Michaelmas 1549 at Pinhoe, near Exeter, and was educated at Merton and Corpus Christi Colleges, Oxford, becoming a fellow of the latter in 1568. In 1572–73 he was appointed reader in Greek, and his lectures on Aristotle’ s Rhetoric laid the sure basis of his fame. He resigned the office in 1578 and his fellowship in 1586, through inability to agree with the president William Cole, and became a tutor at Queen’s College. By this time he had acquired a considerable reputation as a disputant on the Puritan side, and the story goes that Elizabeth visiting the university in 1592 "schooled him for his obstinate preciseness, willing him to follow her laws, and not run before them." In 1593 he was made dean of Lincoln. The fellows of Corpus were anxious to replace Cole by Rainolds, and exchange was effected, Rainolds being elected president in December 1598. The chief events of his subsequent career were his share in the Hampton Court Conference, where he was the most prominent representative of the Puritan party and received a good deal of favour from the king, and in the Authorized Version of the Bible. Of this project he was initiator, and himself worked with the company who undertook the translation of the Prophets. He died of consumption on the 21st of May 1607, leaving a great reputation for scholarship and high character.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Raja

See also Raja on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​RAJA, the Hindu title for a chief, or prince, derived from the same root as the Latin rex. Other forms are rao, rana and rawal, while chiefs of high rank are styled maharaja, maharao and maharana. The Hindustani form is rai, and the title of the Hindu emperor of Vijayanagar in S. India was raya. It is not confined to the rulers of native states, being conferred by the British government on Hindu subjects, sometimes as an hereditary distinction. In the form of rao it appears as a suffix to the names of most Mahrattas, and to the names of Kanarese Brahmans.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Rajahmundry

See also Rajahmundry on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​RAJAHMUNDRY, or Rajamahendri, a town of British India, in the Godavari district of Madras. Pop. (1901) 36,408. It stands on the left bank of the river Godavari, at the head of the delta, 360 m. N. of Madras, and has a station on the East Coast railway, which is here carried across the river by a bridge of 56 spans. The government college is one of the four provincial schools established in 1853. There are also a training college and high school. Carpets, rugs and wooden wares are manufactured.
Tradition divides the merit of founding Rajahmundry between the Orissa and Chalukya princes. In 1470 it was wrested from Orissa by the Mahommedans, but early in the 16th century it was retaken by Krishna Raja. It continued under Hindu rule till 1572, when it yielded to the Moslems of the Deccan under Rafat Khan. It passed into the possession of the French in 1753, but they were driven out by the British under Colonel Forde in 1758.
# Men-at-the-Bar/Barnard, William Tyndall (1)

​Barnard, William Tyndall, a member of the South-eastern circuit, a student of Gray's Inn 28 April, 1841, called to the bar 15 Nov., 1848 (only son of William Barnard, Esq., late of Hackney, dec.); born , ; married 15 Oct., 1850, Charlotte Jane, youngest dau. of Richard Jeune, Esq., of London.
    25, Brownswood Road, South Hornsey. N.; 4 Plowden Buildings, Temple, E.C.
# Men-at-the-Bar/Barnard, William Tyndall (2)

​Barnard, William Tyndall, jun., a student of Gray's Inn 11 Nov., 1875, called to the bar 27 Jan., 1879 (elder son of William Tyndall Barnard, of Islington, bar.-at-law); born , .
    13, King's Bench Walk, Temple, E.C.
# Men-at-the-Bar/Barnes, Edmund Wilson

​Barnes, Edmund Wilson, M.A. Jesus Coll,, Camb., a member of the Midland circuit, a student, of the Inner Temple 8 Nov., 1875 (then aged 20), called to the bar 21 April, 1880 (only son of Edmund Barnes, Esq., of Ashgate House, Derby, dec.); born , ; married 3 Feb., 1881, Evelyn Mary, eldest dau. of Rev. R. K. Bolton, rector of Newbold.
    Ashgate House, Chesterfield.
# Men-at-the-Bar/Barnes, Frederick Gorell

​Barnes, Frederick Gorell, B.A., Jesus Coll., Camb., 1882, a student of the Inner Temple 8 May, 1882 (then aged 25), called to the bar 26 Jan., 1885 (only son of Charles Barnes, Esq., of Mossley Hill, co. Lanc.); born 1857.
    Mossley Hill, Liverpool.
# Men-at-the-Bar/Barnes, Walter Mew

​Barnes, Walter Mew, M.A. (late scholar), Brasenose Coll., Oxon, a member of the Western circuit, a student of Lincoln's Inn 28 Jan., 1878 (then aged 21), called to the bar 26 Jan., 1881 (eldest son of Daniel Barnes, of Ryde, Isle of Wight); born 10 June, 1856.
    3, Essex Court, Temple, E.C.