OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ex parte the Milwaukee Railroad Company/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
United States Supreme Court
72 U.S. 188
Ex parte the Milwaukee Railroad Company
Although this court does not concur in the opinion of the district judge, that the fact of the non-residence of the sureties within the district is a sufficient reason for rejecting a bond which is in all other respects unobjectionable, we are not inclined to interfere by mandamus with the discretion of that judge in approving or rejecting a bond offered for his approval. If we had the right to do this, which is extremely doubtful, it is unnecessary, as the remedy which is in our own hands is ample. The case being properly in this court by appeal, we have, by the fourteenth section of the Judiciary Act, a right to issue any writ which may be necessary to render our appellate jurisdiction effectual. For this purpose the writ of supersedeas is eminently proper in a case where the circumstances justify it, as we think they do in the present instance. Hardeman v. Anderson, is an example of the exercise of this power precisely in point.
We shall therefore make an order, that upon the filing of a bond for the sum of $50,000, with the usual conditions, at any time within thirty days from this date, which shall be approved by the clerk of this court, a supersedeas will issue from this court to the judge of the Circuit Court of the United States for the District of Wisconsin, and to the marshal of the United States for said district, commanding a stay of proceedings on said decree until the further order of this court,
THE SAME BEING SUPERSEDED.

## Notes

* ↑ 4 Howard, 640.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Exaltation (Coates)

"Alone by the waves, on a starlight night"
* "Exaltation" in Harper's Weekly (24 September 1910).
* "Exaltation—After the French of Victor Hugo" in The Unconquered Air, and Other Poems (1912).
* "Exaltation" in Poems II (1916)

## See also

* "The Tomb said to the Rose—After the French of Victor Hugo" by Mrs. Coates.
# Excavation

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "Excavation."
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Wikidata item.
This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* The Excavations (1914), a book by Howard Crosby Butler
* Excavation (1919), a book by Allen Boyer McDaniel
* Excavations (1926), an essay collection by Carl Van Vechten
* Excavations (1990s), a booklet by the United States Department of Labor, republished several times
# Excavations at the Kesslerloch

EXCAVATIONS
AT THE
KESSLERLOCHNEARTHAYNGEN
SWITZERLAND
LONDON: PRINTED BY SPOTTISWOODE AND CO., NEW-STREET SQUARE AND PARLIAMENT STREET
CAVE called the KESSLERLOCH at THAYNGEN.
EXCAVATIONS
AT THE
KESSLERLOCHNEARTHAYNGEN
SWITZERLAND
A CAVE OF THE REINDEER PERIOD
BY
CONRAD MERK
TRANSLATED BY
JOHN EDWARD LEE, F.S.A., F.G.S.
AUTHOR OF 'INCA SILURIUM' ETC. TRANSLATOR OF KELLER'S 'LAKE DWELLINGS'
LONDON
LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO.
1876
This work is a translation and has a separate copyright status to the applicable copyright protections of the original content.
# Ex parte the Milwaukee Railroad Company

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
72 U.S. 188
Ex parte the Milwaukee Railroad Company
PETITION for a writ of mandamus.
The Circuit Court for the District of Wisconsin having rendered a decree in favor of J. T. Soutter, survivor, &c., against the La Crosse and Milwaukee Railroad Company and the Milwaukee and Minnesota Railroad Company, on the 5th March, 1867, for $40,000, and ordered a sale of the road mortgaged to secure the debt, the last-mentioned company prayed an appeal to this court, which was allowed. For the purpose of staying proceedings on the decree, they offered a bond, in the penalty of $50,000, within the ten days allowed for that purpose, which the district judge declined to approve, but upon which he made the following indorsement:
'March 16, 1867.
'The counsel of complainant having objected to the allowance of this bond for supersedeas, on the ground that all the sureties are non-residents of the district, for this reason this bond is not approved for a supersedeas.
'A. G. MILLER, District Judge.'
The record of the case having been brought into this court on the appeal taken, the appellants now petitioned the court for a mandamus to compel the district judge to approve the bond and allow a supersedeas, or for such other relief in the premises as this court could give.
Messrs. Cram and Cushing, in favor of petition; Mr. Cary, contra.
Mr. Justice MILLER delivered the opinion of the court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Examiner (Launceston, Tasmania)

Content exists for this periodical, though at this stage it is not specifically organised beyond a basic hierarchy.
The pages listed below are an automatically generated listing.
Special:PrefixIndex/Examiner (Launceston, Tasmania)/
# Exaltation

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "Exaltation."
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* Exaltation—After the French of Victor Hugo, a poem by Florence Earle Coates
* Exaltation, a poem by Bertram Dobell
# Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period/Ma Shih-ying

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​MA Shih-ying 馬士英 (T. 瑤草), 1591–1646(47), notorious official of the Ming and southern Ming courts, was a native of Kweiyang, Kweichow. He passed the metropolitan examination in 1616 and became a chin-shih in 1619. After holding various posts in the capital and elsewhere, he was appointed in September 1632 governor of Hsüan-fu 宣府 (with jurisdiction over the northern districts of Chihli and Shansi). But shortly after he assumed office he was charged by the eunuch Wang K'un (see under Ting K'uei-ch'u) with mulcting his constituents and bribing Court officials, and in November he was exiled to the frontier. Through the help of his classmate and lifelong friend, Juan Ta-ch'êng [q. v.], he was recalled and made governor-general of Fêng-yang, Anhwei, where he won merit for the suppression of brigands. When Peking fell (1644) he succeeded in exerting his influence in support of the Prince of Fu (see under Chu Yu-sung), as opposed to another prince, to head the Court at Nanking. Grateful for his efforts, the Prince of Fu made him Grand Secretary and gave him other high titles, but left him at his post in Fêng-yang. Ma resented this exclusion from the Court and threatened Nanking with a fleet of 1,200 war junks. Thus intimidated, the Court recalled him to Nanking and made him Grand Preceptor of the Heir Apparent and later Grand Tutor.
Soon Ma, with Juan Ta-ch'êng, dominated the Court, reputedly through unscrupulous extortion, bribery, and shameless sale of degrees and offices. He cowed Emperor and Court and, when impeached, bribed his way back into power. He opposed Shih K'o-fa and Tso Liang-yü [qq. v.] and sent the former to Yangchow. Tso then advanced his armies towards Nanking, vowing to get rid of Ma. To defend the capital against Tso, Ma called in many troops from the North and thus weakened the defense against the Ch'ing troops commanded by Dodo [q. v.]. On June 3, 1645 the Prince of Fu fled, as Ch‘ing troops entered Nanking. The next day Ma Shih-ying, announcing that he was escorting the Empress Dowager, fled with 400 soldiers to Chekiang. It was charged, however, that he disguised his own mother as the said Empress Dowager. When the Prince of Lu (see under Chu I-hai) set up his regency in Shaohsing, Ma was repudiated and took refuge in Yen-chou. In 1646 he was refused entrance to Fukien and died soon thereafter. According to some accounts he became a monk in a monastery in the T'ien-t'ai mountains, Chekiang, where he was discovered by the Ch'ing troops, arrested and executed in a market place.
[M.1/308/34b; M.36/18/1a; M.59/62/1a; 明季南略 Ming-chi nan-lüeh, 3/6b, 4/1a, 2b, 3a, 6/14a, 7/4a, 6a, 10/3b, 4a, 11/5b; Ming-chi pei-lüeh (北略), 18/2b, 20/5b; Ku Yen-wu [q. v.], Shêng-an pên-chi, passim; Ch'ên Chên-hui [q. v.], Shu-shih ch'i-tsê.]
Earl Swisher
# Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period/Ma Su

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​MA Su 馬驌 (T. 宛斯 and 驄御), Feb.1, 1621–1673, Aug. 15, scholar, a native of Tsou-p'ing, Shantung, was a chin-shih of 1659. After serving as police magistrate in Huai-an, Kiangsu, he became district magistrate of Ling-pi, Anhwei. He is best known as the compiler of the 繹史 I-shih, an encyclopedic history of China from earliest antiquity to the close of the Ch'in dynasty (206 B.C.), which was printed in 1670 in 160 chüan. It is a collection of extracts drawn from many sources, arranged chronologically under various heads, to each of which is appended the author's own conclusions. Ku Yen-wu [q. v.] ​praised it for the richness of its materials. It is traditional in its approach, incorporating many legendary ideas.
Ma Su likewise left a work on the Tso-chuan under the title Tso-chuan shih-wei (事緯), 12 + 8 chüan, which was printed in 1804. It was reedited by Li T'iao-yüan [q. v.] into 4 chüan, and with the title altered to 春秋左傳會要 Ch'un-ch'iu Tso-chuan hui-yao, was printed in Li's collectanea Han-hai (1882 edition). Ma is known to have left another work, entitled 十三代緯書 Shih-san-tai wei-shu which, according to Li Wên-tsao (see under Chou Yung-nien) was in the form of a collectanea containing 222 items, all written in the period from the Chou to the Sui dynasties inclusive. He was given unofficially the posthumous title, Wên-chieh 文介. Owing to his knowledge of, and his interest in, ancient history he was nicknamed Ma San-tai (馬三代) or "Ma of the Three Dynasties"—the dynasties before 255 B.C.
[1/487/4a; 3/218/47a, including epitaph by Shih Jun-chang [q. v.]; Tsou-p'ing-hsien chih (1696) 7/36b, (1836) 15/60b; Ssŭ-k'u 49/7a; Wang Shih-chên [q. v.], Ch'ih-pei ou-t'an 9/16b; Li Wên-tsao, 南澗集 Nan-chien chi 下/15a; Wylie, Notes p. 28.]
Tu Lien-chê
# Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period/Ma Tê-kung

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​MA Tê-kung 馬得功, d. 1663, Ming-Ch'ing general, was a native of Liaotung. He served as brigade general under the Ming and was associated with T'ien Hsiung [q. v.] in betraying the Prince of Fu (see Chu Yu-sung) to the Manchu general, Dodo [q. v.]. He was admitted to the Chinese Bordered Yellow Banner and allowed to retain his same rank in the Ch'ing army stationed at Chinkiang, Kiangsu. In 1646 he was degraded for incorporating rebel forces in his ranks but was reinstated the following year, resuming his activities against the Ming loyalists in Fukien. During Chêng Ch'êng-kung's [q. v.] absence from Amoy in 1651, Ma Tê-kung entered the city and seized his property. Unable to maintain his position when the insurgent general returned, he was indicted the following year by the Board of Punishments on charges of covetousness and military defeat, but was pardoned by the emperor. He was later made general-in-chief of Fukien where he coöperated with Li Shuai-t'ai [q. v.] against the Chêng insurgents. When the latter were driven from Amoy in 1663, Ma Tê-kung pursued them out to sea and was killed in battle. Two years later the name Hsiang-wu 襄武 and rank of marquis of the first class were conferred, and in 1729 his name was entered for worship in the temple of the Zealots of the Dynasty. In 1749 the hereditary rank was designated Shun-ch'in (順勤侯).
[1/254/2b; 2/78/9a; Shêng-ching (盛京) t'ung chih (1736) 341/21b.]
Earl Swisher
# Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period/Ma Yüeh-kuan

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​MA Yüeh-kuan 馬曰琯 (T. 秋玉, H. 嶰谷), 1688–1755, July 29, and his younger brother, Ma Yüeh-lu 馬曰璐 (T. 佩兮, H. 半槎, 1697–after 1766), were both poets and bibliophiles. Their ancestral home was Ch'i-mên, Anhwei, but as the family was engaged in the salt business at Yangchow, Kiangsu, the brothers regarded the latter place as their home. For this reason, and also by virtue of their literary accomplishments, they were known as "The Two Mas of Yangchow" (揚州二馬). Ma Yüeh-lu was recommended as a suitable competitor in the po-hsüeh hung-tz'ŭ examination of 1736 (see under Ch'ên Chao-lun), but declined to participate. The library of the Ma family, known as Ts'ung-shu lou 叢書樓, was rich not only in books but also in examples of calligraphy, paintings, rubbings, and engravings.
When in later years (1772) the Imperial Manuscript Library, Ssŭ-k'u ch'üan-shu (see under Chi Yün), was instituted, Ma Yüeh-lu's son, Ma Yü 馬裕 (T. 元益, H. 話山), submitted about 700 works for transcription, and was rewarded with a set of the encyclopedia, Ku-chin t'u-shu chi-ch'êng (see under Ch'ên Mêng-lei), an honor also conferred on three other bibliophiles who each submitted more than 500 items to the Ssŭ-k'u editors. The titles of the 229 works that were first submitted by Ma Yü are listed in an old manuscript catalogue preserved in the Library of Congress, under the title, 呈送書目 Ch'êng-sung shu-mu. They also appear in the collectanea, Han-fên lou mi-chi (see under P'êng Sun-i) under the title 進呈書目 Chin-ch'êng shu-mu. Among the family's studio names the Hsiao ling-lung shan-kuan 小玲瓏山館 is the best known. The fame and the richness of the library and the cordiality of its owners attracted many scholars to it. Such well known figures as Ch'üan Tsu-wang, Hang Shih-chün, and Li Ê [qq. v.], were friends of the Ma brothers and sojourned with them. We are told that it was principally in their library that Ch'üan Tsu-wang wrote his ​K'un-hsieh chi-wên san-chien, and Li Ê his Sung-shih chi-shih. It was from the Ma brothers, too, that Lu Chien-tsêng [q. v.], for two terms (1737–38 and 1753–62) Salt Commissioner of the Liang-Huai region, received help in printing Wang Shih-chên's [q. v.] Yü-yang kan-chiu chi and Chu I-tsun's [q. v.] Ching-i k'ao.
The collected literary works of Ma Yüeh-kuan were entitled 沙河逸老小稿 Sha-ho i-lao hsiao-kao in 6 chüan, and his poems in irregular metre (tz'ŭ) were named 嶰谷詞 Hsieh-ku tz'ŭ. Ma Yüeh-kuan also compiled two collections of verse written by himself, his brother, and their friends on pleasure trips: one entitled 林屋唱酬集 Lin-wu ch'ang-ch'ou chi, on excursions to Soochow, Kiangsu, in 1752; the other, 焦山紀遊集 Chiao-shan chi-yu chi, on boat trips to Chiao-shan, an island in the Yangtze River, opposite Yangchow. Ma Yüeh-lu's collected literary works in 6 chüan, with 2 chüan of tz'ŭ appended, were entitled 南齋集 Nan-chai chi. All the afore-mentioned works appear in the Yüeh-ya t'ang ts'ung-shu (see under Wu Ch'ung-yüeh).
[3/435/17a, 20a; 20/2/00 (portrait); 31/4/12b; Ts'ang-shu chi-shih shih (see under P'an Tsu-yin) 5/9b; Hui-chou-fu chih (1827) 11/4/46a, b.]
Tu Lien-chê
# Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period/Lü Pao-chung

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​LÜ Pao-chung 呂葆中 (T. 無黨, H. 氷蕸, original ming 公忠), d. ca. 1708, scholar, was a native of Ch'ung-tê, Chekiang, the eldest son of Lü Liu-liang [q. v.]. He took the chü-jên degree in 1696, and in 1706 distinguished himself by coming out second in the Palace examinations at Peking. He was appointed a compiler of the Hanlin Academy, but did not continue there long, as he was involved in the case of Chang Nien-i 張念一 who led a rebellion in Chekiang for several years and was finally captured about the year 1707. Although Lü Pao-chung was pardoned, his worries over the matter are said to have hastened his death. When the views of his father against the Manchus were brought to light during the years 1728–32 (see under Tsêng Ching), Lü Pao-chung's corpse was disinterred and dismembered by imperial decree. He was a pupil of Chang Li-hsiang [q. v.] and, like his father, was an ardent supporter of the philosophy of Chu Hsi (see under Hu Wei). The collection of his prose works, entitled Lü Pao-chung wên (文), was placed on the list of banned books, and is apparently no longer extant. The one item by him that appears to have been preserved is his preface to the 八家古文精選 Pa chia ku-wên ching-hsüan, edited by his father, which bears the date 1704.
[See bibliography under Lü Liu-liang; Tung-hua lu, K'ang-hsi 47:2, Yung-chêng 8:12; Chia-hsing fu-chih 14/22b.]
L. Carrington Goodrich
# Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period/Ma-ch'i

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​MA-ch'i 馬齊. See under Maci.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/John Marshall

See also John Marshall on Wikipedia; John Marshall in the 11th edition; and the disclaimer.
MARSHALL, John (1755–1835), chief justice of the United States, was born in Fauquier county, Virginia, on
September 24, 1755. As lieutenant and captain he served in the revolutionary army from 1775 to 1780. In 1781 he began the practice of the law, and two years later removed to Richmond. At various times from 1782 to 1798 he was elected a member of the Virginia legislature, in 1788 a member of the Virginia convention for the ratification of the constitution; in 1797 he was envoy-extraordinary to France, and in 1799 a member of Congress; in 1800 he became secretary of state; and on January 31, 1801, he was appointed to the chief justiceship, which position he held until his death on the 6th of July 1835. Marshall as a lawyer soon rose to the first rank at the Virginia bar, and acquired also a national reputation. In the Virginia convention of 1788 his influence was second only to that of Madison in securing the adoption of the constitution. But, unlike Madison, he continued, under the constitution, to support the administration of Washington and Federalist measures in general. It was as chief justice of the supreme court of the United States, however, that Marshall won lasting fame. His reports, filling about thirty volumes, form a work which time will only render more valued. In the expounding of public law, whether international or State law, his talents found their freest scope. In these departments of jurisprudence general principles rather than authority must be sought by the judge, and in their application Marshall has had no equal upon the American bench. It is the peculiar function of the supreme court of the United States to interpret the constitution and to guard it from the encroachments of both national and State legislation. To this duty Marshall brought his great and just powers of reasoning, as well as those broad views of government which, during the thirty-four years of his judicial career, gave to the constitution the liberal powers which were necessary to its durability. “The constitution,” says Judge Story, “since its adoption, owes more to him than to any other single mind for its true interpretation and vindication.” See biography by Henry Flanders in his Lives of the Chief Justices, vol. ii.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/John Dollond

See also John Dollond on Wikipedia; John Dollond at Wikipedia; John Dollond in the 11th Edition; and the disclaimer.
DOLLOND, John (1706–1761), the celebrated optician, was the son of a French refugee, a silk-weaver at Spitalfields, where he was born, June 10, 1706. He was early trained to his father's occupation, but made leisure for the acquisition of a knowledge of mathematics, physics, Greek, Latin, the elements of anatomy, and other subjects. In 1752 he abandoned silk-weaving in order to join his son Peter, who had entered upon business as an optical instrument-maker in Vine Court, and before long he became universally celebrated as an optician. His last and most important contribution to the Philosophical Transactions, for which he, in 1758, received the Copley medal of the Royal Society, gave a description of the various experiments, begun early in 1757, on the combined effect of water and prisms and lenses of glass, by which he was led to the discovery of a means of constructing achromatic lenses. Sir Isaac Newton had stated in his Optics “that all refracting substances diverged the prismatic colours in a constant proportion to their mean refraction,” and consequently “that refraction could not be produced without colour,” for which reason “no improvement could be expected in the refracting telescope.” Dollond, however, found that as flint glass causes a greater dispersion in proportion to its refractive power than crown glass, achromatic magnified images could be obtained by using a combination of a doubly concave lens of the former substance with a doubly convex lens of the latter. As the two glasses to be combined were the segments of spheres of considerable curvature, the aberrations from their surfaces were very great, but by varying the surfaces he was enabled to make the aberrations equal, so that, as the refractions of the two glasses were contrary, they corrected each other. In 1761 Dollond was appointed optician to the king, and became a fellow of the Royal Society on September 30th of that year, whilst reading a work by Clairaut on the theory of the moon, he had an attack of apoplexy, of which he died in a few hours.
Dollond's published papers are “A letter to Mr James Short, F.R.S., concerning an Improvement of Reflecting Telescopes;” a second letter to Mr Short “Concerning a Mistake in M Euler's Theorem for Correcting the Aberration in the Object-Glasses of Refracting Telescopes;” and “A Description of a Contrivance for measuring Small Angles”—Phil. Trans. 1753, pp. 103, 287, 178; “An Explanation of an Instrument for measuring Small Angles,” ibid. 1754, p. 551; and “An Account of some Experiments concerning the different Refrangibility of Light,” ibid., 1758, p. 733. See Kelly, Life of John Dollond, 3d ed. 1808.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/John Greaves

See also John Greaves on Wikipedia; John Greaves on Wikipedia, Greaves in the 11th edition; and the disclaimer.
​GREAVES, John (1602-1652), a mathematician and antiquary, was the eldest son of John Greaves, rector of Colemore, near Alresford in Hampshire, and was born in 1602. He was educated at Balliol College, Oxford, and in 1630 was chosen professor of geometry in Gresham College, London. After travelling in Europe, he in 1637 visited the East, where he collected a considerable number of Arabic, Persic, and Greek manuscripts, and made a more accurate survey of the pyramids of Egypt than any traveller who had preceded him. On his return to Europe he visited a second time several parts of Italy, and during his stay at Rome instituted inquiries into the ancient weights and measures. Soon after his arrival in England, he was appointed to the Savilian professorship of astronomy at Oxford, but he was deprived of his Gresham professorship for having neglected its duties. In 1648 he lost both his fellowship and his Savilian chair on account of his adherence to the royalist party. But his private fortune more than sufficed for all his wants till his death in 1652.
Besides his papers in the Philosophical Transactions, the principal works of Greaves are Pyramidographia, or a Description of the Pyramids in Egypt, 1646; A Discourse on the Roman Foot and Denarius, 1649; and Elementa Linguæ Persicæ, 1649. His miscellaneous works were published in 1737 by Dr Birch, with, a biographical notice of the author. See also Smith's Vita quorundam erudit. virorum, and Ward's Gresham Professors.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/John Julius Angerstein

See also John Julius Angerstein on Wikipedia; John Julius Angerstein at Wikipedia, John Julius Angerstein in the 11th Edition; and the disclaimer.
ANGERSTEIN, John Julius, an opulent London merchant, and a distinguished patron of the fine arts, was born at St Petersburg in 1735, and settled in London about 1749. His collection of paintings, consisting of about forty of the most exquisite specimens of the art, purchased by the English Government, on his death in 1822, for £60,000, formed the nucleus of the National Gallery.