OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Shuckford, Samuel

​SHUCKFORD, SAMUEL (d. 1754), historian, son of Samuel Shuckford of Palgrave, Suffolk, gent., was born at Norwich about 1694, and educated at the grammar schools of Norwich and Botesdale, Suffolk. From 1712 to 1719 he was scholar of Caius College, Cambridge, graduating B.A. in 1716 and M.A. in 1720, and subsequently obtaining the Lambeth degree of D.D. (Graduati Cantabr. 1823). He was ordained deacon on 16 June 1717, and priest on 28 Oct. 1718. In 1722 he was presented to the rectory of Shelton, Norfolk, which he resigned in 1746 (Blomefield, Hist. of Norfolk, v. 272). He held with it the living of Hardwick, and was also vicar of Seething and Mundham, Norfolk. He was instituted to the tenth prebend in the cathedral church of Canterbury on 21 March 1737–8 (Le Neve, Fasti, ed. Hardy, i. 59). Subsequently he obtained the living of All Saints, Lombard Street, London; and it is said that he was one of George II's chaplains. He died on 14 July 1754, and was buried in Canterbury Cathedral.
He was author of: 1. ‘The Sacred and Profane History of the World, connected from the creation of the world to the dissolution of the Assyrian empire at the death of Sardanapalus, and to the declension of the kingdom of Judah and Israel, under the reigns of Ahaz and Pekah,’ 2 vols. 1728, 8vo. This work was intended to serve as an introduction to Prideaux's ‘Connection;’ it was reprinted, 3 vols., London, 1731–40; 4 vols. London, 1743 seq.; London, 1754, 8vo; 4 vols. 1808, 8vo, edited by Adam Clarke; new edition, with ‘The Creation and Fall of Man,’ 2 vols. Oxford, 1810, 8vo; and another edition of both works with notes and analyses, by James Talboys Wheeler [q. v.], 2 vols. London, 1858, 8vo. 2. ‘The Creation and Fall of Man,’ London, 1753, 8vo.
‘A Connection of Sacred and Profane History, from the death of Joshua to the decline of the kingdoms of Israel and Judah (intended to complete the works of Shuckford and Prideaux), by the Rev. Michael Russell, LL.D., Episcopal minister,’ appeared in 3 vols. London, 1827, 8vo.
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Shuckard, William Edward

​SHUCKARD, WILLIAM EDWARD (1802–1868), entomologist, born in 1802, was the eldest son of Johann Leonhardt Schuckardt of Frankfort-on-the-Main, who settled in England in 1787 (married in 1793) and became proprietor of the Old Ship Hotel at Brighton. William was well educated, and was apprenticed to Messrs. Baldwin, Craddock, & Joy, publishers, of Paternoster Row; lodging at first with his maternal uncle, William Bernard Cooke [q. v.], the line-engraver, of Soho Square. But his devotion to reading led to neglect of his duties, and he was dismissed. His father then sent him to a German firm of booksellers, it is believed at Leipzig. Subsequently on returning to Brighton he attempted literary work, and became sub-editor of a local paper. His leisure he devoted to entomology, and soon became expert in the study. On 2 April 1835 he was appointed librarian to the Royal Society, and held the post until 9 Nov. 1843. Through the influence of William Wilson Saunders [q. v.], the entomologist, he obtained in the following year the post of editor of ‘Lloyd's List,’ which office he held till his retirement in 1861. He died at the Oval Road, Kennington, on 10 Nov. 1868. Shuckard married, about 1829, the daughter of Mr. Martin of Horsted Keynes, Sussex.
Shuckard was author of:
* ‘Essay on the Indigenous Fossorial Hymenoptera,’ 8vo, London, 1837.
* ‘Elements of British Entomology,’ 8vo, London, 1839.
* ‘The British Coleoptera,’ with drawings by W. J. Spry, 8vo, London, 1840.
* ‘On the History and Natural Arrangement of Insects,’ written in conjunction with W. Swainson, 8vo, London (Lardner's ‘Cabinet Cyclopædia,’ vol. x.), 1840.
* ‘Catalogue of the Manuscript Letters in the possession of the Royal Society,’ 8vo, London, 1840.
* ‘British Bees,’ 8vo, London, 1866.
He also translated and edited, with notes and plates, ‘A Manual of Entomology,’ from the German of C. H. C. Burmeister, 8vo, London, 1836; Tischendorf's ‘Travels in the East’ in 1847, and Bechstein's ‘Chamber Birds’ in 1848, which went through many editions. Some sixteen papers on entomological subjects by him appeared in various scientific journals between 1836 and 1842.
[Entomologist, iv. 180; information kindly supplied by his son, Mr. G. C. Shuckard, and by Mr. R. Harrison, Assist. Sec. Roy. Soc.; Brit. Mus. Cat.; Roy. Soc. Cat.]
B. B. W.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Shuckburgh, Richard

​SHUCKBURGH, Sir RICHARD (1596–1656), royalist, born in 1596, was second son of John Shuckburgh of Shuckburgh in Warwickshire, and of his wife Margery, eldest daughter of Richard Middlemore of Edgbaston in Warwickshire. Richard matriculated from Lincoln College, Oxford, on 23 April 1615, and graduated B.A. on 3 May of the same year (Oxford ​University Register, ii. ii. 336, iii. 335). His elder brother dying without heirs in 1625, Richard succeeded his father in the family estates in March 1631. In 1640 he was chosen to represent the county of Warwick in the Long parliament. But the proceedings of that body were little to his taste, and his vehement loyalty drew down on him the displeasure of the parliamentarians. He was interrogated by order of the commons, and on 21 Sept. 1642 the serjeant-at-arms was directed to take him in custody on account of his unsatisfactory answers (Commons' Journals, ii. 775). To avoid imprisonment he withdrew to his Warwickshire estates. On his march to Edgecot Charles I met Shuckburgh hunting on 22 Oct. 1642, and enlisted his support. Shuckburgh was present at Edgehill on the following day and was knighted. He did not, however, accompany Charles in his retreat, but fortified himself on the top of Shuckburgh hill. The place was attacked and stormed after a stout resistance, and Sir Richard, desperately wounded, was carried a prisoner to Kenilworth Castle. For taking arms for the king he was expelled by parliament on 14 Jan. 1644 (ib. iii. 366; Cal. State Papers, Dom. 1649–50, pp. 444–5). His petition to compound for his delinquency, 28 April 1646, met with no response (Cal. Comm. for Compounding, p. 1218). He remained in prison for several years, and obtained his release only by sacrificing many of his estates. The remainder of his life he passed in retirement, interesting himself in history and antiquities. Thomas Fuller dedicated to him the third section of the fifth book of his ‘Church History.’ He died in London on 13 June 1656, and was buried in Shuckburgh mortuary chapel, where his monument may still be seen.
He was thrice married, but only by his third wife had he any children. On 30 Nov. 1627 he married Mary Crompton, a widow, daughter of Ralph Sneyd of Keyle in Stafford, who died on 5 Sept. 1629. He married, on 10 Dec. 1630, his second wife, Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Robert Lee of Billeslee in Warwickshire. By Grace, his third wife, daughter of Sir Thomas Holte of Aston, bart., he had six sons—John, who succeeded to the estates and was created a baronet in 1660; Richard, George, Charles, and two who died young. By her he had also four daughters. Sir Richard's third wife survived him and married John Keating [q. v.], chief justice of the common pleas in Ireland. She died in 1677.
E. I. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Shute, Christopher

​SHUTE or SHUTTE, CHRISTOPHER (d. 1626), controversial writer, matriculated as a sizar of Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, in November 1561, and graduated B.A. in 1564-1565, M.A. in 1568, and B.D. in 1580. In 1576 he was appointed by the queen vicar of Giggleswick in Yorkshire, perhaps through the influence of George Clifford, third earl of Cumberland [q. v.] He was nominated on 24 Nov. 1599 a member of the commission for the suppression of schism within the province of York (Rymer, Fœdera, xvi. 387). He died at Giggleswick in 1626, leaving five sons—Nathaniel, Josias [q. v.], Robert, Thomas, and Timothy—who were all ordained ministers of the English church. Nathaniel, who was educated at Christ's College, Cambridge, was well known as a preacher; on 24 Feb. 1613-14 he became rector of St. Mary Mores, London, and on 30 March 1618 he was transferred to St. Mildred, Poultry, where he died in 1638 (Newcourt, Repertorium, i. 404, 502; Lloyd, Memoires, 1668, p. 295).
The elder Shute was the author of:
* 'A Compendious Forme and Summe of Christian Doctrine, called the Testimonie of a True Faith, meete for well disposed Families,' London, 1577 and 1579, under the initials C. S.; republished with Shutte's name on the title-page, 1581, 8vo, and in 1584, when it was dedicated to 'George Clifford, Earl of Cumberland.'
* 'A verie Godlie and necessary Sermon preached before the yong Countesse of Cumberland in the North, the 24 of November 1577. By Christopher Shutt. Imprinted at London by Christopher Barker.'
It is not improbable that Shutte was also the author of 'A Brief Resolution of a right Religion. Written by C. S.,' London, 1590; a work directed against Roman Catholicism, much in the same strain as the 'Testimony of a True Faith.'
[Cooper's Athenæ Cantabr. ii. 285; Whitaker's History of Craven, pp. 166, 168, 169; Ames's Typogr. Antiq. ed. Herbert, p. 1115; Cat. of Early Printed Books in the British Museum; Bodleian Cat.]
E. I. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Shute, John (1678-1734)

​SHUTE, afterwards SHUTE-BARRINGTON, JOHN, first Viscount Barrington (1678–1734). [See Barrington.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Shute, John (fl.1550-1570)

​SHUTE, JOHN (fl. 1550–1570), architect and limner, published in 1563 a work entitled ‘The First and Chief Groundes of Architecture, used in all the Auncient and Famous Monyments, with a farther and more ample Discourse upon the same, than hitherto hath been set out by any other,’ with a dedication to Queen Elizabeth (cf. Arber, Transcript, i. 210). In the introduction to this work Shute describes himself as ‘painter and architect,’ and says that he had been in the service of John Dudley, duke of Northumberland, who had sent him to Italy in 1550, and maintained him in his studies under the best architects. That Shute was also a limner or miniature-painter of repute is shown by Heydock in his translation of Lomazzo's ‘Art of Painting’ (1598), where it is stated that ‘limning, much used in former times in church-books, as also in drawing by the life in small models, of late years by some of our countrymen as Shoote, Betts, &c., but brought to the rare perfection we have seen, by the most ingenious, painful, and skilful master Nicholas Hilliard,’ &c. Although Shute was one of the earliest native artists, and held in esteem by his contemporaries, no work of his can be authenticated.
[Walpole's Anecdotes of Painting; authorities mentioned in the text.]
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Shute, John (fl.1562-1573)

​SHUTE, JOHN (fl. 1562–1573), translator, who would appear to have seen some military service abroad, was author of
* ‘The firste parte of the Christian Instruction, and generall Somme of the Doctrine, conteyned in the holy Scriptures. … Translated into Englishe by John Shute, according to the late Copy set forth by th'author, Maister Peter Viret,’ London, by John Day, 1565. Four of Viret's ‘Dialogues’ are translated. There is a long preface by Shute and a dedication to the Earl of Leicester, which apologises because ‘a simple soldier, better practised abrode in martiall matters than furnised at home with the cunning of the scoole,’ attempts to translate theology.
* ‘A Christian Instruction, conteyning the Law and the Gospell. Also a Summarie of the Principall poyntes of the Christian fayth and Religion, and of the abuses and errors contrary to the same. Done in certayne Dialogues in french by M. Peter Viret, sometime minister of the word of God at Nymes in Province. Translated, London,’ by Abraham Veale, 1573. This is a continuation of No. 2. It is dedicated by ‘John Shoute, from London, 4 January,’ to Elizabeth, countess of Lincoln, and contains an epistle to the Christian reader by Shute. The statement that Shute ‘published on Beza and some other theological tracts on the Sacraments’ is probably an inaccurate reference to 2 and 3. He is to be distinguished from John Shute, architect and limner.
[Arber's Transcript, i. 178; Ames's Typogr. Antiq. ed. Dibdin, iv. 102, 361; Brit. Museum Libr. Cat.]
R. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Shute, Josias

​SHUTE, JOSIAS or JOSIAH (1588–1643), archdeacon of Colchester, son of Christopher Shute [q. v.], vicar of Giggleswick, Yorkshire, was born there in 1588. After being educated at the grammar school in the village, he proceeded to Trinity College, Cambridge, where he graduated B.A. 1605, and M.A. 1609. He was instituted on 29 Nov. 1611, on the presentation of James I, to the rectory of St. Mary Woolnoth, Lombard Street, where his eloquent and learned preaching was much appreciated by the royalist party. He remained there for thirty-three years. Fuller says 'he was the most precious jewel shewn in Lombard Street,' then the location of goldsmiths and jewellers, as now of bankers. From about June 1632 Shute acted as chaplain to the East India Company, preached thanksgiving and other sermons for them at St. Helena, and protested against the reduction of mariners' wages (Cal. State Papers, Colonial, East Indies, and Persia, 1630-4, pp. 267, 419, 457, 468, 471, 549, 552). Shute was appointed by Charles I to the archdeaconry of Colchester on 15 April 1642, and was chosen on 14 June 1643 by the houses of parliament a member of the Westminster assembly of divines, but died on 13 June 1643, before the first sitting. He was buried in St. Mary Woolnoth on the 14th (Brooke and Hallen, Transcript of the Registers of St. Mary Woolnoth, p. 222). Fuller, quoting 'Persecutio Undecima,' 1648, 4to, a civil war tract, says he was 'molested and vext to death by the rebels, and ​denied a funeral sermon by Dr. Holdsworth as he wished.' One was, however, preached by Ephraim Udall [q. v.] Shute married, on 25 April 1614, at St. Mary Woolnoth, Elizabeth Glanvild (Glanville) of that parish (Registers, p. 189), but had no issue.
Shute was a skilled Hebrew scholar. His manuscripts, left in the hands of his brother, Timothy Shute of Exeter [see under Shute, Christopher], were published posthumously, viz.:
* 'Divine Cordialls delivered in Ten Sermons,' London, 1644, 4to, edited by William Reynolds.
* 'Judgement and Mercy, or the Plague of Frogges inflicted removed,' in nine sermons, to which is added his funeral sermon, London, 1645, 4to.
* 'Sarah and Hagar, xix Sermons on Genesis xvi.,' London, 1649, fol., published by Edward Sparke [q. v.] To this his portrait, engraved by William Marshall, is prefixed.
[The Pious Life and Death of Mr. Josiah Shute, who left us on the 22nd June' [1643], was published shortly after, and was followed by 'Elegincall Commemoration,' London, 1643, 4to, written to correct the errors it contained, especially in the date of Shute's death, which is differently given by every authority. See also Lloyd's Memoires, pp. 294-300; Fuller's Worthies, x. 260; Walker's Sufferings, pt. ii. p. 49; Granger's Biogr. Hist. ii. 167; Le Neve's Fasti, ed. Hardy, ii. 343; Masson's Life of Milton, ii. 616; Newcourt's Rep. Eccles. i. 92; Notes and Queries, 4th ser. iii. 219, 6th ser. x. 250, 394; Stowe MS. 76, f. 344; Lansdowne MS. 986, f. 53; information from the registrar of the University of Cambridge; Peck's Desiderata Curiosa, p. 629; Catalogue of Dr. Williams's Library.]
C. F. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Nasmyth, James (d.1720)

​NASMYTH, or NAESMITH, Sir JAMES (d. 1720), lawyer, was the son of John Nasmyth and his wife, Isabella, daughter of Sir James Murray [q. v.] of Philiphaugh. He was admitted advocate in 1684, and became a successful lawyer, known by the sobriquet of the ‘De'il o’ Dawick.’ He acquired the estate of Dawick from the last of the Veitch ​family. He had a crown charter of the barony of Dawick in 1703, ratified in parliament in 1705. He was created a baronet of Scotland on 31 July 1706, and died in July 1720. He married three times: first, Jane Stewart, widow of Sir Ludovic Gordon, bart., of Gordonstoun, Elgin; secondly, Janet, daughter of Sir William Murray of Stanhope, Peeblesshire; and, thirdly, Barbara (d. 1768), daughter of Andrew Pringle of Clifton, Roxburghshire.
His eldest son James (d. 1779), by his first wife, succeeded him, and appears to have attained some note in his day as a botanist, having studied under Linnæus in Sweden. He is said to have made extensive collections, and to have been among the first in Scotland to plant birch and silver firs. The genus Nasmythia (= Eriocaulon) was most probably named in his honour by Hudson (1778). He was member of parliament for Peeblesshire from 1730 to 1741, and died on 4 Feb. 1779. He had married Jean, daughter of Thomas Keith.
B. B. W.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Nassyngton, William of

​NASSYNGTON, WILLIAM of (fl. 1375?), translator, probably came from Nassington in Northamptonshire, and is described as proctor in the ecclesiastical court of York. That he lived in the north of England is proved by the dialect in which his work is written, but his date has been very variously given. Warton puts him as late as 1480; but as the transcript of his work in the Royal MSS. is dated 1418, it is almost certain that he lived in the latter half of the fourteenth century. He is probably distinct from the William of Nassynton who is mentioned in 1355 in connection with the church of St. Peter, Exeter (Cal. Inq. post mortem, ii. 190 b). Nassyngton's one claim to remembrance is his translation into English verse of a ‘Treatise on the Trinity and Unity, with a Declaration of God's Works and of the Passion of Jesus Christ,’ written in Latin by one John of Waldeby or Waldly, who had studied in the Augustinian convent at Oxford, and became provincial of the Austin Friars in England. The ‘Myrrour of Life,’ sometimes attributed to Richard Rolle [q. v.] of Hampole, is identical with Nassyngton's translation. Ten manuscript copies of it are in the British Museum, including Reg. MS. 17. C. viii, Additional MS. 22558, and Additional MS. 22283, ff. 33–61; two are in the Bodleian Library, Oxford, viz. Rawlinson MSS. 884 and 890; another, said by Warton to be in the library of Lincoln Cathedral, is really a different work. The British Museum MSS. show some variation at the end of the work, and Additional MS. 22283 is imperfect, lacking about 950 lines at the beginning. Additional MS. 22558, which appears to be the most complete, contains nearly fifteen thousand lines. It begins with a commentary on the Lord's Prayer, and ends with the Beatitudes. The sentences from the Lord's Prayer are worked in in Latin, but the commentary is in English, and in Additional MS. 22283 the Latin sentences only appear in the margin. The authorship is determined by the concluding lines, which ask for prayers
For Friere Johan saule of Waldly,  That fast studyd day and nyght,  And made this tale in Latyn right.  Prayer also wt deuocion  For William saule of Nassynetone.
A. F. P.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Nassau, George Richard Savage

​NASSAU, GEORGE RICHARD SAVAGE (1756–1823), bibliophile, born on 5 Sept. 1756, was second son of the Hon. Richard Savage Nassau, who was second son of Frederic, third earl of Rochford. His mother, Anne, was only daughter and heiress of Edward Spencer of Rendlesham, Suffolk, and widow of James, third duke of Hamilton. Under the will of Sir John Fitch Barker of Grimston Hall, Trimley St. Martin, Suffolk, who died on 3 Jan. 1766, he inherited considerable possessions. In 1805 he served as high sheriff for Suffolk. He died in Charles Street, Berkeley Square, London, on 18 Aug. 1823, from the effects of a paralytic seizure, and was buried in Easton Church, Suffolk, where a monument was erected to his memory.
Nassau was a man of considerable attainments and culture. His literary tastes found gratification in the formation of a fine library, rich in emblem books, early English poetry, the drama, topography, and history. In the two latter departments his collection comprised many large-paper copies, which were extra-illustrated by the insertion of numerous drawings, prints, and portraits, and were accompanied by rare historical tracts. For the history of Suffolk he made extensive collections, both printed and manuscript, which he enriched by a profusion of portraits and engravings. He likewise employed the pencils of Rooker, Hearne, and Byrne, and many Suffolk artists, particularly Gainsborough, Frost, and Johnson, to depict the most striking scenes and objects in his favourite county. Of this remarkable library only the volumes of Suffolk manuscripts, thirty in number, were reserved for the library of the family mansion at Easton. The bulk was sold by Evans in 1824 in two parts, the first on 16 Feb. and eleven following days, and the second on 8 March and seven following days. The catalogue contained 4,264 lots, and the whole collection realised the sum of 8,500l. A few of the most remarkable articles of Nassau's library are noticed in Adam Clarke's ‘Repertorium Bibliographicum.’
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Nathalan

​NATHALAN or NAUCHLAN (d. 452?), Scottish saint, said to have been born at Tullich, Aberdeenshire, was well educated as a member of a noble family, but devoted himself wholly to divine contemplation, and adopted agriculture as an occupation best suited to this object. During a famine he distributed all the grain he had accumulated, and there being none left to sow the fields with, he sowed them with sand, which resulted in a plentiful and varied grain-crop. Subsequently, as a penance for murmuring against God, he bound his hand and leg together with a lock and iron chain, and threw the key into the Dee, with a vow not to release himself until he had visited Rome. Arrived there, he found the rusty key inside a fish he had bought, and the pope thereupon made him a bishop. Returning in his old age to Scotland, he founded the churches of Bothelney (now Meldrum), Collie (now Cowie), and Tullich, where he died and was buried. He is the patron saint of the churches he founded. At the old kirk of Bothelney is Naughlan's Well, and his name is preserved in Kilnaughlan in Islay, and by the fishermen of Cowie in the rhyme—
Atween the kirk and the kirk-ford  There lies Saint Nauchlan's hoard.
Dempster (Hist. Eccles. Scot. Bannatyne Club, ii. 504) attributes to Nathalan five treatises, none of which are extant.
According to Adam King's ‘Kalendar’ (given in Forbes, Scottish Saints, p. 141), Nathalan died on 8 Jan. 452; but Skene, Forbes, and O'Hanlon have identified him with Nechtanan or Nectani, an Irish saint, who appears in the ‘Felire’ of Oengus as ‘Nechtan from the East, from Alba,’ and is said to have been a disciple of St. Patrick (Tripartite Life, Rolls Ser. ii. 506), became abbot of Dungeimhin or Dungiven, and died in 677 according to the Four Masters, or 679 according to the ‘Annals of Tighearnach.’ But there were no less than four Irish saints of this name, and their chronology is very confused.
A. F. P.