OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jacob, Giles

​JACOB, GILES (1686–1744), compiler, born in 1686 at Romsey, Hampshire, was the son of a maltster. In his ‘Poetical Register’ (i. 318) he states that he was bred to the law under a ‘very eminent attorney,’ and that he was afterwards steward and secretary to the Hon. William Blathwait. He died on 8 May 1744.
Jacob was a most diligent compiler. He is chiefly remembered by the
* ‘Poetical Register, or Lives and Characters of the English Dramatic Poets,’ 2 vols., 1719–20, 8vo (some copies are dated 1723); and
* ‘A New Law Dictionary,’ 1729, fol., which reached a tenth edition in 1782, and was reissued, with additions by T. Tomlins, in 1797, 1809, and 1835.
* ‘The Accomplished Conveyancer,’ 3 vols., 1714.
* ‘Lex Mercatoria,’ 1718.
* ‘Lex Constitutionis,’ 1719.
* ‘The Laws of Appeal and Murder,’ 1719.
* ‘The Laws of Taxation,’ 1720.
* ‘The Common Law common-placed,’ 1726.
* ‘The Compleat Chancery-Practiser,’ 1730.
* ‘City Liberties,’ 1732, &c.
* ‘The Compleat Courtkeeper, or Land-Steward's Assistant,’ 1713; 8th edit. 1819.
* ‘The Country Gentleman's Vade Mecum, containing an Account of the best Methods to improve Lands,’ 1717.
* ‘The Compleat Sportsman,’ in three parts, 1718.
* ‘The Land Purchaser's Companion,’ 1720.
In 1714 Jacob published an indifferent farce (never acted), ‘Love in a Wood, or the Country Squire’ (one act, prose); and he mentions in the ‘Poetical Register’ that ​he had written a play called ‘The Soldier's Last Stake.’ ‘Human Happiness: a Poem,’ &c., appeared in 1721, with a dedication to Prior.
Pope introduced Jacob in the ‘Dunciad,’ iii. 149–50:—
Jacob, the Scourge of Grammar, mark with awe, Nor less revere him, Blunderbuss of Law.
In the ‘Poetical Register’ Pope had been handsomely treated, but scant courtesy had been shown to Gay, in whose behalf Pope attacked Jacob. The latter retorted in a letter to John Dennis, printed in ‘Remarks upon several Passages in the Preliminaries to the “Dunciad,” by John Dennis,’ 1729. In 1733 Jacob reprinted the letter to Dennis (and opened a fresh attack on Pope) in ‘The Myrrour, or Letters Satyrical, Panegyrical, Serious,’ &c., 8vo.
[Poetical Register, i. 318; Baker's Biographia Dramatica, 1812; Nichols's Anecdotes, viii. 296–297; Watt; Brit. Mus. Cat. See for supposed descendants Jacob and Glascott's Hist. and Genealog. Narrative of the Families of Jacob, privately printed, p. 99.]
A. H. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jacob, Arthur

​JACOB, ARTHUR (1790–1874), oculist, second son of John Jacob, M.D. (1754–1827), surgeon to the Queen's County infirmary, Maryborough, Ireland, by his wife Grace (1765–1835), only child of Jerome Alley of Donoughmore, was born at Knockfin, Maryborough, on 13 or 30 June 1790. He studied medicine with his father, and at Steevens's Hospital, Dublin, under Abraham Colles [q. v.] Having graduated M.D. at the university of Edinburgh in 1814, he set out on a walking tour through the United Kingdom, crossing the Channel at Dover, and continuing his walk from Calais to Paris. He studied at Paris until Napoleon's return from Elba. He subsequently pursued his studies in London under Sir B. Brodie, Sir A. Cooper, and Sir W. Lawrence. In 1819 he returned to Dublin, and became demonstrator of anatomy under Dr. James Macartney at Trinity College. Here his anatomical researches gained for him a high reputation, and he collected a valuable museum, which Macartney afterwards sold to the university of Cambridge. In 1819 he announced the discovery, which he had made in 1816, of a previously unknown membrane of the eye, in a paper in the ‘Philosophical Transactions’ (pt. i. pp. 300–7). The membrane has been known since as ‘membrana Jacobi.’ On leaving Macartney, Jacob joined with Graves and others in founding the Park Street School of Medicine. In 1826 he was elected professor of anatomy in the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, and held the chair until 1869. He was three times chosen president of the college. In 1832, in conjunction with Charles Benson and others, he established the City of Dublin Hospital. With Dr. Henry Maunsell in 1839 he started the ‘Dublin Medical Press,’ a weekly journal of medical science, and edited forty-two volumes (1839 to 1859). He also took an active part in founding the Royal Medical Benevolent Fund Society of Ireland and the Irish Medical Association. At the age of seventy-five he retired from the active pursuit of his profession. His fame rests upon his anatomical and ophthalmological discoveries. Apart from his discovery of the ‘membrana Jacobi,’ he described ‘Jacob's ulcer,’ and revived the operation for cataract through the cornea with the curved needle. To the ‘Cyclopædia of Anatomy’ he contributed an article on the eye, and to the ‘Cyclopædia of Practical Medicine’ treatises on ‘Ophthalmia’ and ‘Amaurosis.’ In December 1860 a medal bearing his likeness was struck and presented to him, and his portrait, bust, and library were afterwards placed in the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland. He died at Newbarnes, Barrow-in-Furness, on 21 Sept. 1874. In 1824 he married Sarah, daughter of Coote Carroll, esq., of Ballymote, co. Sligo. She died on 6 Jan. 1839. By her he had five sons. His chief publications were: 1. ‘A Treatise on the Inflammation of the Eyeball,’ 1849. 2. ‘On Cataract and the Operation for its Removal by Absorption,’ 1851.
G. C. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hawley, Frederick

​HAWLEY, FREDERICK (1827–1889), Shakespearean scholar, son of Benjamin Buck Hawley, who served through the Peninsular war, was aide-de-camp to Lord Hill in the battle of Waterloo, became a captain of the 51st King's own on 7 April 1825, sold out 3 April 1835, and died in London on 15 July 1838. Frederick was born at Portsea on 10 Jan. 1827, was brought up to the law and was admitted a solicitor in 1852, at that time being secretary to the Great Eastern Steamship Company. He became an actor under the name of Frederick Haywell, and made his first appearance at the Marylebone Theatre on 5 March 1855, as Florizel in ‘A Winter's Tale.’ Shortly afterwards he accompanied J. W. Wallack's company to the Théâtre Impérial des Italiens in Paris. For five seasons he was a member of Phelps's company at Sadler's Wells, playing Sebastian, Prince Escalus, and other parts. As Prince Escalus he appeared, under Phelps's management, before her majesty at Windsor Castle in November 1859. He then played the leading business at Dublin, Brighton, Manchester, Bristol, Bath, Nottingham, and Birmingham. He took part in Charles Calvert's Shakespearean revivals at the Prince's Theatre, Manchester, and was stage manager at the Theatre Royal, Manchester. In London Hawley was at the Olympic for a season in 1875–6, appeared at the Princess's as Lord Dalgarno in the ‘King o' Scots,’ as Master Ford at the Gaiety, Iago at the Opéra Comique, Mercutio at the Olympic, and as Asa Trenchard at the Haymarket. Two of his plays were produced at the Gaiety, London: ‘Agnes of Bavaria,’ in blank verse, the dedication of which was accepted by Louis, king of Bavaria, and ‘Found,’ a society drama. On 17 May 1886 he was appointed librarian of the Shakespeare Memorial Library at Stratford-on-Avon. His courtesy and learning fitted him for the post, and under his management valuable additions were made to the library. Early in 1889 Hawley completed a manuscript catalogue of all the known editions of Shakespeare's plays in every language. It is the most complete catalogue in existence. He died at Stratford-on-Avon, 13 March 1889, and was buried in Highgate cemetery, London, on 18 March. He was the author of ‘The Royal Family of England. Remarks on the Royal Succession, with a Genealogical Account of the Royal Family,’ 1851.
[Pascoe's Dramatic List, 1880, p. 170; Stratford-on-Avon Herald, 15 March 1889, and 26 April, p. 3; Times, 18 March 1889, p. 10; Era, 23 March 1889; information from Richard Savage, secretary to the trustees of Shakespeare's birthplace.]
G. C. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Haworth, Samuel

​HAWORTH, SAMUEL (fl. 1683), empiric, was a native of Hertfordshire, and probably the son of William Haworth, who wrote against the Hertford quakers (1676). In 1679 he was a ‘student of physic’ living next door to the Dolphin in Sighs Lane, and dealing in quack tablets and a tincture. He was patronised by the Duke of York (James II), and admitted an extra-licentiate of the College of Physicians on 12 Oct. 1680. His new way of curing consumption was brought to the notice of Charles II, who ordered him to test it on a case (Kennedy O'Brien of the guards), the result being satisfactory. In 1682 he was practising at Brompton, and in request as far off as Paris. In 1683 he informed the College of Physicians that he had obtained the M.D. degree at Paris, and that he was previously a graduate of Cambridge (his name is not in the list of alumni). His ‘True Method of Curing Consumptions, &c.,’ London, 1682, 12mo, is fulsomely dedicated to Charles II, and gives cases of the effects of his grand elixir, pills, powders, &c. His other works are an ‘Aνθροπωλογια’ (sic), London, 1680, 8vo, and a ‘Description of the Duke's Bagnio and of the Mineral Bath, c, London, 1638, 8vo, a Turkish bath in Long Acre, where rubbing was practised, and artificial mineral water made to pass into the ground and issue forth again.
[Munk's Coll. of Phys. i. 416; Notes and Queries, 3rd ser. x. 372; Haworth's writings.]
C. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hawles, John

​HAWLES, Sir JOHN (1645–1716), lawyer, second son of Thomas Hawles of Moanton in Wiltshire, by Elizabeth Antrobus of Hampshire, was born in the Close at Salisbury in 1645. His father, whose name is sometimes spelled Hollis, belonged to the family of Hawles of Upwimborne, Dorsetshire, and was probably the second son of Edmond Hawles of that place. During the civil war he was leader of the band known as the ‘club men’ in Salisbury, who took the side of the parliament. John Hawles was educated at Winchester, and in 1662 entered at Queen's College, Oxford, but left the university without taking a degree. He entered at Lincoln's Inn, was called to the bar, and soon rose to great eminence in his profession. ‘Upon the turn of affairs made by the Prince of Orange,’ says Wood, ‘he became a great Williamite.’ On 25 March 1689 he was returned to the House of Commons as M.P. for Old Sarum. But in 1691 he was not able to secure the recordership of London in competition with Sir Bartholomew Showers [q. v.] On 1 July 1695 Hawles was appointed solicitor-general in succession to Sir Thomas Trevor. In October of the same year he was returned for the borough of Wilton in Wiltshire, and in 1695 was knighted. When a fresh parliament was summoned in 1698, Hawles sat for St. Michael in Cornwall, and was also returned for Beeralston in Devonshire. In the parliament of 1700–1 he represented Truro, and for the short session of 1702 was member for St. Ives in Cornwall. In 1702 he ceased to be solicitor-general, but continued to sit in parliament for Wilton until 1705, and from that year until 1710 for Stockbridge in Hampshire. As a prominent whig lawyer he was appointed one of the managers of the impeachment of Sacheverell in 1710. He resided for some years on the family estate at Upwimborne, and died on 2 Aug. 1716. ​Hawles wrote: 1. ‘Remarks upon the Tryals of E. Fitzharris, S. College, Count Koningsmark, the Lord Russel, … &c.,’ London, 1689, fol. 2. ‘A Reply to a Sheet of Paper entitled The Magistracy and Government of England vindicated: or a justification of the English Method of proceedings against Criminals, by way of Answer to the Defence of the late Lord Russel's innocence,’ &c., London, 1689, fol. 3. ‘The Englishman's Right; a Dialogue between a Barrister-at-Law and a Juryman; plainly setting forth, I. The Antiquity; II. The excellent designed use; III. The Office and just privileges of Juries …’ &c., London, 1763, 8vo. Other editions 1764, 1771, 1793, Philadelphia, 1798, and later both in England and America.
W. A. J. A.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/May, John (fl.1613)

​MAY, JOHN (fl. 1613), economic writer, was appointed deputy aulnager about 1606. He published 'A Declaration of the Estate of Clothing now used within this Realme of England … with an Apologie for the Aulneger, shewing the necessarie use of his office,' London, 1613, 4to. In this work, which contains much information useful to the historian, he describes the means by which manufacturers evaded the statutes regulating the woollen trade.
[John Smith's Memoirs of Wool, 1757, i. 91–8; Cunningham's Growth of English Industry and Commerce in Modern Times, 1892, p. 42.]
W. A. S. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/May, George Augustus Chichester

​MAY, GEORGE AUGUSTUS CHICHESTER (1815–1892), Irish judge, born at Belfast in 1815, was son of Edward May, rector of Belfast, by Elizabeth, eldest daughter of William Sinclair of Fort-William, co. Antrim. He was educated at Shrewsbury School and at Magdalene College, Cambridge, where he graduated B.A. in classical honours in 1838, proceeded M.A. in 1841, and was elected fellow. Called to the Irish bar in Hilary term 1844, he soon acquired considerable practice in chancery, and was made Q.C. in 1865. In 1867 he edited the first volumes of the Irish ‘Law Reports.’ In 1873 he was elected a bencher of the kings' inns, and in the following year was appointed legal adviser at Dublin Castle. On 27 Nov. 1875 he was made attorney-general by Mr. Disraeli, and on 8 Feb. 1877 was created lord-chief-justice of Ireland, and sworn of the privy council. On 1 Jan. 1878 he was transferred to the high court of justice as president of the queen's bench division and constituted an ex officio lord justice of appeal, retaining the title of lord chief justice of Ireland. In this capacity he should have presided at the trial of Charles Stewart Parnell and his confederates in the conspiracy against payment of rent in 1880–1, but having (6 Dec.) dismissed a motion for the postponement of the trial, he was loudly accused of partiality by the partisans of the traversers, and in consequence did not sit during the subsequent proceedings. Owing to failing health he resigned in 1887. He died on 15 Aug. 1892. May was a learned, painstaking, and impartial judge. He married in 1853 Olivia, fourth daughter (d. 1876) of Sir Matthew Barrington, bart., and had issue.
[Irish Law Times, 15 Jan. 1887; Royal Kalendar, 1866; Law Times, 20 Aug. 1892; Times, 12 and 30 Nov., 6 and 11 Dec. 1880, and 17 Aug. 1892; Dublin Gazette, 3 Dec. 1875, 9 Feb. 1877; Thom's Irish Almanac, 1871–8; Burke's Peerage and Baronetage; Haydn's Book of Dignities, ed. Ockerby.]
J. M. R.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Radstock, Barons

​RADSTOCK, Barons. [See Waldegrave, William, first baron.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Radulph

​RADULPH. [See Ralph, Randolf and Ranulf.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Rae, James

1904 Errata appended.
​RAE, JAMES (1716–1791), surgeon, only son of John Rae (1677–1754), a barber-surgeon and descendant of an old family of landed proprietors in Stirlingshire, was born in Edinburgh in 1716. He became, 27 Aug. 1747, a member of the Incorporation of Surgeons—erected in 1778 into the Royal College of Surgeons—of Edinburgh, where in 1764–5 he filled the office of deacon or president. Rae was the first surgeon appointed to the Royal Infirmary on 7 July 1766, and he at once took advantage of his position to give practical discourses on cases of importance which there came under his notice. These lectures were so highly appreciated by his brother practitioners that in October 1776 they made a determined attempt to found a professorship of surgery in the university and to appoint Rae the first professor. This project was defeated by Alexander Monro [q. v.], secundus, who afterwards managed to convert his own chair of anatomy into one of anatomy and surgery.
Rae did in the Scottish metropolis what Percivall Pott [q. v.] did in London: he ​established the teaching of clinical surgery on a firm and broad platform. He died in 1791, and was buried, as was also his wife, in the tomb of his forefathers in Greyfriars Church.
In Kay's ‘Edinburgh Portraits’ Rae is represented in conversation with Dr. William Laing and Dr. James Hay, afterwards Sir James Hay of Smithfield.
Rae married, in 1744, Isobel, daughter of Ludovic Cant of Thurstan. By her he had two sons and several daughters. The elder son William joined the Incorporation of Surgeons on 18 July 1777, settled in London, where he married Isabella, sister of the Lord chief-justice Dallas, and died young. John, the younger brother, was the first fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, where he was admitted on 14 March 1781. He became president in 1804–5, and was well known in Edinburgh as a dentist. Among Rae's daughters was Mrs. Elizabeth Keith, who founded the Incurables Association, and Elizabeth, wife of James Fleming of Kirkcaldy, whose daughter, Margaret Fleming [q. v.], was immortalised by Dr. John Brown in ‘Pet Marjorie.’
D’A. P.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.230 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 151 | i | 27 | Rae, James: for Margarie' read Marjorie' |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Radnor, Earls of

​RADNOR, Earls of. [See Robartes, Sir John, first earl, 1606–1685; Bouverie, William Pleydell-, third earl of the second creation, 1779–1869.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Rae, Peter

​RAE, PETER (1671–1748), mechanic and historian, son of a clockmaker, was born at Dumfries. In his earlier years he appears to have followed his father's trade, for he afterwards constructed for the Duke of Queensberry at Drumlanrig Castle an astronomical and musical clock, which became the admiration of the neighbourhood. In 1697 he began to study theology, and in 1699 was licensed to preach. In 1703 he was ordained minister of Kirkbride. The parish was suppressed in 1727 by the lords commissioners of teinds, and in 1732 he was translated to Kirkconnel, where he remained till his death on 29 Dec. 1748. ‘Mr. Rae,’ says a successor, ‘was distinguished as a philosopher as well as a divine, nor was he less known as a mechanic, mathematician, and historian’ (Sinclair, Statistical Account, x. 454). On 19 July 1697 he married Agnes, eldest daughter of John Corsane of Meiklenox, bailie of Dumfries. By her he had two sons, Robert and John, and two daughters, Janet and Agnes.
Rae's chief work was a ‘History of the Rebellion of 1715,’ containing much useful local detail and an appendix of original documents (Dumfries, 1718, 4to; London, 1746, 8vo). It was the subject of an attack in doggerel verse by Robert Ker, in ‘A Glass wherein Nobles, Priests, and People may see the Lord's Controversies against Britain.’ Rae also published a ‘Treatise on Lawful Oaths and Perjury,’ Edinburgh, 1749, and compiled a ‘History of the Parishes in the Presbytery of Penpont.’ The latter was never printed, and the original manuscript has disappeared, but several imperfect copies are in private hands (Notes and Queries, 4th ser. ix. 366).
E. I. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Radley, William de

​RADLEY, WILLIAM de (d. 1250), bishop of Winchester. [See Raleigh.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Rae

​RAE. [See also Ray.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Parke, John

​PARKE, JOHN (1745–1829), oboist, born in 1745, studied the oboe under Simpson and musical theory under Baumgarten. William Thomas Parke [q. v.] was his younger brother. In 1768 John was appointed principal oboe at the opera; and in the same year he played at the first Birmingham festival (Bunce), and also at the Three Choirs festival at Hereford. He continued to perform at the Three Choirs festivals for thirty-five years.
In 1768 Fischer, the Dresden oboist, first came to London; his performances stimulated Parke to greater ambition. He im​proved his style, and two years afterwards succeeded Fischer as concerto-player at Vauxhall (cf. A B C Dario). In 1771 he accepted an advantageous offer from Garrick, always a good friend, to become first oboe at Drury Lane Theatre. This did not preclude his engagement by Smith and Stanley as a principal at the Lenten oratorios, and in the summer at Ranelagh and Vauxhall Gardens.
The Duke of Cumberland took Parke (1783) into his band, led by Baumgarten, and the Prince of Wales employed him at the Carlton House concerts, with a salary of 100l. He was a prominent performer at the Antient, the professional, and other concerts. In 1815, at the age of seventy, he retired; and he died in London on 2 Aug. 1829. He composed some oboe concertos, but did not publish them. Henry Parke [q. v.], the architect, was his son.
His eldest daughter, Maria Hester Parke, afterwards Beardmore (1775–1822), vocalist, pianist, and composer, born in 1775, was trained by her father. On 11 Feb. 1785 she first appeared as pianist at an oratorio concert. It was then the custom to interpolate solos and concertos between the parts of an oratorio. Miss Parke's concerto, in the middle of the ‘Messiah,’ displayed ‘neat and brilliant execution, together with great taste and expression. She was loudly applauded.’ In 1790 she came out at the Three Choirs festival as second singer, and in 1794–7, and 1807, as principal soprano. Thenceforward she was heard at many London concerts, oratorios, and provincial festivals. She was a good musician, scientific and accurate in her singing; but she retired from her profession on her marriage with John Beardmore of Queen Street, Mayfair, in 1815. She died in July 1822, aged 47.
Miss Parke published: 1. ‘Three Grand Sonatas for the Pianoforte,’ 1795 (?) 2. ‘Two grand Sonatas … with an Accompaniment for the Violin.’ 3. ‘A Set of Glees (Six, including the Dirge in Cymbeline),’ 1800? 4. ‘Two Sonatas for Pianoforte or Harpsichord.’
[Dictionary of Musicians, ii. 262; Georgian Era, iv. 319, 346; Grove's Dictionary, ii. 650; Bunce's Birmingham Musical Festivals, p. 64; Public Advertiser, 1 and 16 Oct. 1787, 13 April 1784; Annals of the Three Choirs, passim; Mrs. Papendieck's Journal, i. 94, ii. 295; Gent. Mag. 1815, i. 80; Annual Register, 1822, p. 288; Musical Memoirs, passim; Miss Parke's compositions.]
L. M. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Parke, Daniel

​PARKE, DANIEL (1669–1710), governor of the Leeward Islands, served in the English army under Marlborough, became one of that general's aides-de-camp, and rose to the rank of lieutenant-general. He was despatched in August 1704 to announce the victory of Blenheim to the queen, the duchess, and the English government. His fine appearance and handsome bearing commended him to Anne, and, being patronised by the Churchills, he was, by letters patent dated 25 April 1706, appointed chief governor of the Leeward Islands. The government of these islands had been very lax, the settlers were inclined to be rebellious, and the appointment of Parke was unpopular from the first. Having repulsed the French, who had plundered the islands of St. Christopher and Nevis, Parke endeavoured to carry out some much-needed internal reforms, and, being sure of support at home, he both disregarded the articles of a formal complaint against him drawn up by the colonists, and made a somewhat ostentatious display of the small military force placed at his command. The speedy result was that in December 1710 a violent insurrection broke out at Antigua, the seat of the government. Parke made a gallant resistance to the insurgents, and killed one of their leaders, Captain John Pigott, with his own hand; but he was soon overpowered by numbers, and, having been dragged from his house, was barbarously maltreated, and finally murdered (7 Dec.) His death being synchronous with the substitution of the tory for the whig government, which took place in the autumn of 1710, no steps were taken to bring his assassins to justice until 28 June 1715, when a test case, that of one Henry Smith, was tried at the king's bench, but was dismissed for want of sufficient proof.
T. S.