OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Rowlandson, Mary

​ROWLANDSON, MARY (fl. 1682), colonist, daughter of John White of New England, married Joseph Rowlandson, first minister of Lancaster, Massachusetts. On 10 Feb. 1675 Lancaster was attacked and destroyed by the Indians, and Mrs. Rowlandson, with her children, carried into captivity. After nearly three months she was released by agreement. She wrote an account of her captivity, very graphic and interesting, albeit at times a little confused in detail. This was published at Cambridge in New England and also in London in 1682 under the title ‘A True History of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson, a Minister's Wife in New England, whereunto is annexed a Sermon by Mr. Joseph Rowlandson, her Husband.’ The work, of which several editions have appeared in America, was printed in the ‘Somers Tracts,’ vol. viii. While the narrative illustrates the ferocity of Indian character and the squalor of Indian life, it yet shows that Mrs. Rowlandson was treated with a certain capricious kindness.
[Savage's Genealogical Register of New England; Tyler's History of American Literature.]
J. A. D.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Rowland, David

​ROWLAND, DAVID (fl. 1569–1586), author, was a native of Anglesey. He entered St. Mary's Hall, Oxford, and studied logic and grammar, without, however, taking a degree. On leaving the university he became tutor to the son of the Earl of Lennox, and with him travelled through France and Spain, thus obtaining some knowledge of modern languages. After his return he became a teacher of Greek and Latin in London.
In 1569 he published ‘An Epytaphe of my Lorde of Pembroke,’ licensed to Thomas Colwell (Arber, Stationers' Register). For the use of his pupils he also wrote ‘A Comfortable Aid for Scholers,’ London, 1578, 8vo, a collection of various renderings of English phrases in Latin. But his chief work was the translation of the first part of Mendoza's ‘Lazarillo de Tormes,’ which he published under the title of ‘The Pleasant History of Lazarillo de Tormes.’ It appeared in 1576, being printed by Henry Bynneman, with a dedication to Sir Thomas Gresham [q. v.], but it had apparently been licensed as early as 1568 to Colwell. No copy of the first edition is extant. Another edition of 1586, London, 8vo, contains laudatory verses by George Turberville [q. v.] The Spanish original was imperfect, having been expurgated by the inquisition. The translation ran through several editions, the latest being that of 1677, which was supplemented by a translation of the second part of the history by James Blakeston.
[Wood's Athenæ, ed. Bliss, i. 528; Tanner's Bibliotheca Brit. p. 645; Collier's Bibl. Cat. of Early English Lit. ii. 275; Hazlitt's Handbook, pp. 387–8, and Collections, i. 492, iii. 60, 116, iv. 30; Arber's Transcript of Stationers' Reg. passim.]
E. I. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Rowlands, Henry (1551-1616)

​ROWLANDS, HENRY (1551–1616), bishop of Bangor, born in 1551 in the parish of Meyllteyrn or Bottwnog, Carnarvonshire, was son of Rolant ap Robert of Meyllteyrn and of Elizabeth, daughter of Griffith ap Robert Vaughan (Wood, Fasti, ii. 584). After being educated at Penllech school, he studied at Oxford, and graduated B. A. from New College on 17 Feb. 1573-4. He then migrated to St. Mary Hall, and graduated M.A. 27 June 1577, B.D. 27 March 1591, D.D. 28 June 1605 (Clark, Oxford Reg.; Foster, Alumni Oxon.) He took holy orders on 14 Sept. 1572, and was rector of Meyllteyrn from 1572 to 1581, and of Langton, Oxfordshire, from 1581 to 1600. From 4 Aug. 1584 to August 1594 he was prebendary of Penmynyd, Bangor Cathedral, from 3 Sept. 1588 rector of Aberdaron, becoming in the same year archdeacon of Anglesey, and on 29 Aug. 1593 dean of Bangor. On 16 Sept. 1598 he was elected bishop of Bangor, and installed on 19 Jan. 1598-9 (Le Neve, Fasti; Strype, Whitgift, ii. 405; Hist. MSS. Comm. 6th Rep. p. 254).
He subsequently became rector of Trefdaeth, Anglesey, in 1601, vicar of Llanrhaiadr-inKimmerch 1602, a member of Gray's Inn 1606, and rector of Llanrhaiadr, Denbigh, 1612. He died on 6 July 1616, and was buried in the cathedral in the choir, before the high altar. His will is in the prerogative court. He was careful of the revenues of his cathedral, and gave to it four bells, to replace those sold by his predecessor. He also in 1609 gave lands to Jesus College, Oxford, for the maintenance of two scholars or fellows (Hist. and Antiq. of Oxford, ii. 3166; Fuller, Church Hist. iv. 370), and in his will he left lands for the erection of a school at Meyllteyrn. Rowlands married, at Langton, Frances Hutchins or Pope of Oxford, relict of one Cotesford.
[Wood's Athenæ Oxon. ed. Gutch, i. 57; Williams's Eminent Welshmen; Lansd. MSS. 983 f. 285, 984 f. 34; Camden's Annales. K. Jac. I, sub anno 1616.]
W. A. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Rowland, Daniel

​ROWLAND, DANIEL (1778–1859), antiquary, born at Shrewsbury on 11 July 1778, was second surviving son of John Rowland or Rowlands (d. 1815), rector of Llangeitho, Cardiganshire, and incumbent of Clive, Shropshire, by Mary, daughter of William Gorsuch, vicar of the Abbey parish, Shrewsbury. His paternal grandfather was Daniel Rowlands [q. v.] William Gorsuch Rowland (d. 1851), his eldest brother, was prebendary of Lichfield and incumbent of St. Mary's, Shrewsbury; he spent much money in beautifying his church, more especially by the gift of some fine stained-glass windows.
Daniel Rowland, after being educated at Shrewsbury, practised for some years as a barrister in London. He subsequently removed to Frant in Sussex, where he built Saxonbury Lodge in mediæval style (Lower, Sussex, i. 192). He devoted his leisure to literature, the fine arts, and philanthropy. At Shrewsbury he built and endowed in 1853, at a cost of over 4,000l., the Hospital of the Holy Cross, for five poor women. He was high sheriff of Sussex in 1824. In 1846 he returned to London, settling at 28 Grosvenor Place. He died at Clifton on 20 Oct. 1859, and was buried in the crypt of the chapel of the Foundling Hospital, Guildford Street, London, of which he had been a governor. He married, in 1818, Katherine Erskine, daughter of Pelham Maitland, esq., of Belmont, near Edinburgh. She died on 10 Dec. 1829, without surviving issue.
A fellow of the Society of Antiquaries, he printed in 1830, for private circulation, in one large folio volume, an ‘Historical and Genealogical Account of the Noble Family of Nevill, particularly the House of Abergavenny,’ with appendix and four genealogical tables. The plates are not so well executed as the letterpress. He also edited G. B. Blakeway's ‘Sheriffs of Shropshire,’ bringing the work down to 1830, and privately printing it in 1831.
[Gent. Mag. 1860, i. 85, 86; Ann. Reg. 1859, App. to Chron. p. 478; Martin's Privately Printed Books, pp. 399, 400; Allibone's Dict. Engl. Lit. ii. 1882; Brit. Mus. Cat.]
G. Le G. N.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Rowland, John

Date of death 1680 in the ODNB.
​ROWLAND, JOHN (1606–1660), writer against Milton, born in Bedfordshire in 1606, was educated at Corpus Christi College, Oxford, matriculating in November 1621 and graduating B.A. on 28 Nov. 1622, M.A. on 28 March 1626 (Foster, Alumni Oxon.) He claims to have been a friend of Sir Robert Cotton, and to have been with him at his death in 1631 (cf. Narrative of Gondomar, 1659, dedicatory epistle). On 8 June 1634 he became rector of Foot's Cray in Kent (Rymer, Fœdera, xix. 615). But on the outbreak of the civil war he joined the royalist army as chaplain to Sir Jacob Astley's regiment (State Papers, Dom. Car. I, cccclxxvii. No. 59, 28 Feb. 1640–1). His living was accordingly sequestered to one Alexander Hames, who in May 1646 was called before the committee for plundered ministers for failing to pay ‘fifths’ to Rowland's wife and children (Addit. MS. 15670, ff. 267, 423). It is possible that Rowland subsequently took refuge in the Netherlands. ​At Antwerp in 1651 there was issued his ‘Pro Rege et Populo Anglicano Apologia contra Johannis Polypragmatici (alias Miltoni Angli) Defensionem destructivam Regis et Populi Anglicani,’ Antwerp, 1652, 12mo. The work was wrongly assigned to Bishop Bramhall (cf. Todd, Life of Milton, iii. 133–5; Masson, Life of Milton, iv. 349, 536; Bramhall, Works, vol. i. p. xciv, in Anglo-Catholic Library); and John Phillips (1631–1706) [q. v.], Milton's nephew, in replying to it in 1652, went on that mistaken assumption. Rowland pursued the attack in ‘Polemica sive Supplementum ad Apologiam anonymam pro Rege etc. Per Jo. Rolandum pastorem Anglicum,’ Antwerp, 1653. In this Rowland directly acknowledged his authorship of the ‘Apologia.’ The ‘particular’ church, apparently in Antwerp, of which, according to his ‘Polemica’ (1653), he was pastor, does not mean a congregational church. He doubtless returned to England before the Restoration. He died in 1660 (Hasted, Kent, i. 150). Rowland married, on 8 Aug. 1634, a second wife, Mary Ann, daughter of George Holt of Foot's Cray (Foster, London Marriage Licences).
Rowland wrote, besides the attacks on Milton: ‘Upon the much-lamented departure of … Oliver, Lord Protector … a Funeral Elegie;’ and a poem ‘In Honour of the Lord General Monck and T. Allen, Lord Mayor of London, Epinicia,’ 1660. He edited in 1659 ‘A Choice Narrative of Count Gondomar,’ which he disingenuously assigned to Sir Robert Bruce Cotton [q. v.]; it is a reprint of the ‘Vox Populi’ by Thomas Scott, and is reprinted in Smeeton's ‘Historical Tracts,’ vol. i.
W. A. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Rowlands, William

​ROWLANDS, WILLIAM (1802–1865), known as Gwylym Lleyn, Welsh bibliographer, son of Thomas and Eleanor Rowlands, was born at Bryn Croes, Carnarvonshire, on 24 Aug. 1802. After a little schooling at Bryn Croes and Botwnog, he engaged in his father's craft of weaving, which he followed at various places in Carnarvonshire. He had been brought up a Calvinistic methodist, but at the age of eighteen he adopted Arminian views, and in consequence joined the Wesleyan body. In March 1821 he began to preach at Bryn Caled; shortly afterwards he and his parents settled at Ty Coch, near Bangor. After some years' experience as a lay preacher, he acted for a short time as substitute in the Cardigan circuit for John Davies, chairman of the Welsh district, in July 1828. He performed his task with such acceptance that he was retained in the circuit on Davies's return, and in August 1829 he was admitted as a probationer to the Wesleyan methodist ministry and appointed to the Cardiff circuit. He afterwards served in succession the following chapels: Merthyr (1831), Amlwch (1834), Pwllheli (1835), Newmarket (1837), Ruthin (1840), Llanidloes (1842), Tredegar (1845), Machynlleth (1848), Bryn Mawr (1850), Llanidloes (1853), Tredegar (1856), Aberystwyth (1858), and Machynlleth (1861). In 1864 he retired from circuit work and settled as a supernumerary at Oswestry, where he died ​on 21 March 1865. He was buried at Caerau, near Llanidloes. At an Eisteddfod at Eglwysfaer in 1865, a prize for the best elegy on Rowlands was won by E. Edwards of Aberystwith, and the elegy was published in 1866.
Rowlands published several religious works, among them an essay on ‘Providence’ (1836), a translation of Wesley's tract on Romanism (1838), and memoirs of the Rev. J. Milward (1839) and the Rev. J. Davies (1847). He was editor of the ‘Eurgrawn Wesleyaidd’ from 1842 to 1845, and from 1852 to 1856. But he is best known by his bibliographical and biographical work: ‘Llyfryddiaeth y Cymry’ (‘Cambrian Bibliography’), a record of all Welsh books, all books printed in Wales, and all having reference to the country, from 1546 to 1800. This important enterprise was begun about 1828, and Rowlands was from this time untiring, during his movements through Wales, in such researches as were needed to make his catalogue exhaustive. A portion of his list of books was printed in the ‘Traethodydd,’ but a plan for publishing the whole came to nothing in the author's lifetime, and it was not until 1869 that the book appeared at Llanidloes, edited and enlarged by D. Silvan Evans. Its value as a work of reference for the student of Welsh literature is generally recognised. ‘Gwilym Lleyn’ (to use Rowlands's literary title) also compiled a large number of biographies of minor Welsh worthies, which on his death were acquired by the publisher of ‘Enwogion Cymru’ (1870), and embodied in that work under the title ‘Lleyn MSS.’
[A memoir of Rowlands, by his son-in-law, the Rev. R. Morgan, runs through the twelve numbers of the ‘Eurgrawn Wesleyaidd’ for 1868.]
J. E. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Rowlands, Henry (1655-1723)

​ROWLANDS, HENRY (1655–1723), divine and antiquary, son of William Rowlands, of Plas Gwyn, Llanedwen, Anglesey, by his wife Maud, daughter of Edward Wynne of Penhesgyn, was born in 1655 at Plas Gwyn, the seat of the Rowlands family, which was purchased in 1600 by the antiquary's great-great-granduncle, Henry Rowlands [q. v.], bishop of Bangor.
Henry received a good classical education, ​took holy orders, and was presented on 2 Oct. 1696 to the living of Llanidan, to which three small chapels were attached. He devoted himself to the investigation of stone circles, cromlechs, and other prehistoric remains, especially those of his native county, his hypothesis being that Anglesey was the ancient metropolitan seat of the Druids. His chief work was ‘Mona Antiqua Restaurata, an Archæological Discourse on the Antiquities Natural and Historical of the Island’ (Dublin, 1723, 4to). A second edition was issued, London, 1766, 4to, and a supplement with topographical details in 1775.
Rowlands also wrote a ‘Treatise on Geology’ and ‘Idea Agriculturæ: the Principles of Vegetation asserted and defended. An Essay on Husbandry,’ &c., founded on his own close personal observations in 1704, Dublin, 1764, 8vo. Rowlands left in manuscript a parochial history of Anglesey, written in Latin and entitled ‘Antiquitates Parochiales;’ it was partly translated in the ‘Cambro Briton,’ and also published in the original Latin, with an English version, in vols. i.–iv. of the ‘Archæologia Cambrensis.’ The hundred of Menai only was completed.
Although a polished writer and an excellent scholar, Rowlands never travelled further from home than Shrewsbury, some have even said Conway. He died on 21 Nov. 1723, and is buried at Llanedwen church. By his wife, Elizabeth Nicholas, Rowlands left two daughters and three sons.
[Williams's Eminent Welshmen, p. 462; Gorton's Biogr. Dict. vol. iii.; Pennant's Tours in Wales, ed. Rhys, iii. 1–15; Llwyd's Hist. of Anglesey, 1833, p. 373; Notes and Queries, 2nd ser. v. 82, 3rd ser. iii. 387, 513; Works above mentioned; Archæologia Cambrensis, i. 126, 305, 389; Rowlands's Cambrian Bibliography, p. 335.]
C. F. S.
# Dictionary of the Swatow dialect/kṳh
### kṳ̂h

* 哽kṳ̂h322307
* To stammer in talking, because of a stoppage in the throat, caused by fear, rage or grief.

#### i kâi âu-lêng-kng ngĕ, kṳ̂h-kṳ̂h-kìe, tàⁿ ūe tàⁿ m̄ chut;

    his tonsils were stiffened, so that (having a lump in his throat,) he could only sob out some words, and could not talk connectedly.

#### tkⁿ ue m̄ tîeh tàⁿ hó̤-hó̤, màiⁿ kṳ̂h-kṳ̂h-kìe;

    if you are going to speak, why don't you speak properly, and not stammer and stutter.

#### nŏ̤ kù ūe kṳ̂h-kṳ̂h-kìe, tàⁿ cêk kùa;

    in saying two sentences he stammers and stutters so that it takes him half a day to get it out.

#### khuaⁿ-khuaⁿ tó̤ kṳ̂h;

    gradually stammered forth.
# Dictionary of the Swatow dialect/kwt
### kwt

* 决kwt447154
* To decide; to settle; decidedly.

#### i íⁿ-keng kwt-ì àiⁿ cò̤;

    he has already decided that he will do it.

#### hṳ́ kĭaⁿ sṳ̄ ŭ cêk kwt a būe ŭ?

    Is that matter decided yet or not?

#### i kâi nâng cò̤ sṳ̄ m̄ kúaⁿ-kwt;

    he acts in an undecided way.

#### i a-bó̤ cò̤ sū kèng kwt-tẁn;

    his mother acts with greater decision.

#### i hŵn-lío chî gî, būe kwt;

    he still delays and doubts, and is not yet decided about it.

#### kwt-kwt m̄ hù ieh cū sĭ;

    certainly will not fail to carry out the contract.

#### kwt put cîah ngân;

    will positively not retract.

#### kwt-tīaⁿ ŏi tit sêng;

    certainly may succeed.
* 訣kwt4471494
* Parting or dying words; an art, a rule; a mystery, occult doctrines, a trick in legerdemain; hidden; abstruse.

#### tit tîeh i kâi pì-kwt;

    got the secret of it, (as of a trade).

#### kháu kwt;

    gibberish.

#### i kâi kwt-sût cōi;

    they have many superstitious observances.

#### mih īeⁿ sṳ̄ ā-sĭ tit kwt cū kōi cò̤;

    anything is easily done if you can get at the art of doing it.
* 括kwt469646
* To inclose in a bundle; to envelop; to include; to comprehend.

#### kai-kwt;

    to contain; to embrace.

#### pau-kwt;

    to include.

#### cí kù ūe pau-kwt thong cieⁿ kâi ì-sṳ̀;

    this sentence contains the gist of the whole chapter.

#### pât nâng tàⁿ cōi-cōi hŵn-lío m̄ cheng-chó̤, khṳt i tàⁿ cò̤ nŏ̤ kù cū kai-kwt khṳ̀;

    other people talk a great deal and still do not express what he will say in two sentences.
# Dictionary of the Swatow dialect/kueⁿ
### kueⁿ

* 關kueⁿ47216911
To close a door; to shut.

#### kueⁿ mn̂g;

    shut the door.

#### khṳ̀ kàu, i kâi mn̂g kueⁿ miⁿ-miⁿ;

    when I got there his door was tightly closed.

#### mn̂g kueⁿ hó̤;

    the house is closed for the night.
# Dictionary of the Swatow dialect/kuh
### kuh

* 吸kuh203304
* To draw into the mouth, as smoke.

#### kuh hun, kuh in;

    inhale smoke or vapor.

#### kuh cêk chùi cúi;

    draw in a mouthful of water.

#### ki hun-tâng lṳ́ kuh thóiⁿ ŏi thong a bŏi;

    you draw upon the tobacco pipe and see whether the stem is stopped up or not.

#### úa kuh tîeh bŏi thong;

    I tried to draw the air through it and found I could not.

#### cí kâi nâng phî-nùa căi, cong jît to sĭ ût tŏ̤ kò̤ kuh hun;

    this person is very indolent, he lies down and smokes all day long.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1912 supplement/Bowler, Henry Alexander

​BOWLER, HENRY ALEXANDER (1824–1903), painter, son of Charles and Frances Anne Bowler, was born in Kensington on 30 Nov. 1824. After being educated at private schools he studied art at Leigh's School and the Government School of Design at Somerset House. In 1851 he was appointed headmaster of the Stourbridge School of Art, but was soon transferred to a teaching appointment in the school at Somerset House, where he had received his training. In 1855 he was appointed an inspector in the science and art department, and in 1876 became assistant director for art at South Kensington. From 1861 to 1899 he was teacher of perspective at the Royal Academy. He also held important posts in organising the international exhibitions of 1862 and subsequent years. From 1847 to 1871 he exhibited ten pictures, mostly landscapes, at the Royal Academy, and others at the British Institution and elsewhere. A water-colour by him, 'Luccombe Chine, Isle of Wight,' is in the Victoria and Albert Museum, and the figure of Jean Goujon, among the mosaic decorations of the south court of the museum, was executed from his design. He retired from the science and art department in 1891. He died on 6 Aug. 1903, and was buried at Kensal Green. On 4 Aug. 1853 he married Ellen Archer Archer, daughter of Thomas Archer, J.P., vicar of Whitchurch, Bucks, and had three sons and one daughter.
[Victoria and Albert Museum, Catalogue of Water-Colour Paintings, 1908; Graves's Royal Academy amK British Institution Exhibitors; private information.]
M. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1912 supplement/Bousfield, Henry Brougham

​BOUSFIELD, HENRY BROUGHAM (1832–1902), first bishop of Pretoria, born on 27 March 1832, was son of William Cheele Bousfield, barrister-at-law. Entering Merchant Taylors' School in 1840, he passed to Caius College, Cambridge, where he was exhibitioner, and graduated B.A. as junior optime in 1855 and M.A. in 1858. Ordained deacon in 1855 and priest in 1856, he was licensed to the curacy of All Saints', Braishfield, Hampshire, and became incumbent of the parish in 1856. From 1861 to 1870 he was rector of St. Maurice with St. Mary Kalendre and St. Peter Colebrook, Winchester, and in 1870 became vicar of Andover with Foxcote. In 1873 he was made rural dean of West Andover. From early boyhood Bousfield had been interested in missionary work, more especially in British colonies. After the Transvaal was separated in 1877 from the diocese of Bloemfontein, Bousfield accepted after a first refusal an offer of the new see from the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel. On 2 Feb. 1878 he was consecrated at St. Paul's, bishop of Pretoria, and landed at Durban on 17 Sept. He trekked to Pretoria, where he found about 3000 inhabitants, of whom 1500 were whites, and the church organisation only in embryo, the clergy numbering five. Bousfield's work was hindered by the Zulu war of 1879, and by the Boer war of 1880-1; but under the Boer republic Bousfield, avoiding political entanglement, continued the organisation of his diocese. He sought to meet the needs of the white population drawn by the goldfields, and extended missionary work amongst the natives. New difficulties from the Jameson raid arose in 1896; but when war with Great Britain broke out in 1899, the clergy of the diocese numbered thirty-two, and the white church members exceeded 18,000. From October 1899 to April 1901 Bousfield was a refugee in Natal, acting for a time as military chaplain, and rendering aid to distressed refugees. Despite failing health he attended the episcopal synod of South Africa (3-5 Feb.), but died suddenly at Capetown of heart disease on 9 Feb. 1902.
Bousfield was a man of high devotion; but extreme candour and his view of episcopal power sometimes strained his relations with his clergy. He married twice: (1) in 1861 Charlotte Elizabeth, daughter of Jonathan Higginson of Rock Ferry, Liverpool, who died in 1886; and (2) in 1888 Ellen, daughter of Thomas Lamb of Andover. He described his first six years of episcopal work in 'Six Years in the Transvaal' (1886).
[Guardian, 12 March 1902; Record, 14 Feb. 1902; Register of Merchant Taylors' School, 1883, ii. 278; Taylorian, April 1902; Lowndes, Bishops of the Day, 1897; Two Hundred Years of the S.P.G.]
A. R. B.