OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Conspectus of the History of Political Parties and the Federal Government/1880 Independent Republican Party Principles

Independent Republican Principles.
I. Independent Republicans adhere to the republican principles of national supremacy, sound finance, and civil service reform, expressed in the Republican platform of 1876, in the letter of acceptance of President Hayes, and in his message of 1879; and they seek the realization of those principles in practical laws and their efficient administration. This requires,
1. The continuance on the statute-book of laws protecting the rights of voters at national elections. But national supremacy affords no pretext for interference with the local rights of communities; and the development of the south from its present defective civilization can be secured only under constitutional methods, such as those of President Hayes.
2. The passage of laws which shall deprive greenbacks of their legal-tender quality, as a first step toward their ultimate withdrawal and cancellation, and shall maintain all coins made legal tender at such weight and fineness as will enable them to be used without discount in the commercial transactions of the world.
3. The repeal of the acts which limit the terms of office of certain government officials to four years; the repeal of the tenure-of-office acts, which limit the power of the executive to remove for cause; the establishment of a permanent civil service commission, or equivalent measures, to ascertain, by open competition, and certify to the President or other appointing power the fitness of applicants for nomination or appointment to all non-political offices.
II. Independent Republicans believe that local issues should be independent of party. The words Republican and Democrat should have no weight in determining whether a school or city shall be administered on business principles by capable men. With a view to this, legislation is asked which shall prescribe for the voting for local and for state officers upon separate ballots.
III. Independent Republicans assert that a political party is a co-operation of voters to secure the practical enactment into legislation of political convictions set forth as its platform. Every voter accepting that platform is a member of that party; any representative of that party opposing the principles or evading the promises of its platform forfeits the support of its voters. No voter should be held by the action or nomination of any caucus or convention of his party against his private judgment. It is his duty to vote against bad measures and unfit men, as the only means of obtaining good ones; and if his party no longer represents its professed principles in its practical workings, it is his duty to vote against it.
IV. Independent Republicans seek good nominations through participation in the primaries and through the defeat of bad nominees; they will labor for the defeat of any local Republican candidate, and, in co-operation with those holding like views elsewhere, for the defeat of any general Republican candidate whom they do not deem fit.
# Conspectus of the History of Political Parties and the Federal Government/Conspectus of Political History/Colonial

Colonial.
Colonial politics.—The colonists were not divided among themselves by political parties; but they advocated sentiments adverse to those of the British crown, in regard to government, trade, and taxation.
Local self-government, the colonies maintained, was secured to them by their charters, which were regarded in the light of civil compacts, not to be changed without the consent of the parties thereto. By virtue of these instruments, and the rights of Englishmen, guaranteed by the magna charta, the colonies also “claimed the exclusive supervision over all internal interests, and the sole right to levy and collect taxes.” They consented that Parliament had the reserved right to regulate commerce, but not to adjust the internal trade of the colonies.
Indirect taxation upon the colonies was attempted as soon as they were favored with prosperity. This was regarded unjust, and protests against the aggressions of Parliament were made by several legislatures. Plymouth protested in 1636, and for the next thirty years other colonies followed the example.
Navigation laws, enacted from time to time, annoyed the colonies after the year 1651. They were odious, among other reasons, because they generally required colonial exports and imports to be carried in English ships, and forced the colonies to trade with England and pay high duty on their products.
Inter-colonial duties, in 1672, upon various articles of trade, were imposed by the parent country for the first time. Manufacturing establishments soon sprang up to counteract this illiberal policy, but these were interdicted and crippled by British authority, and followed by other oppressive measures.
Direct taxation on the colonies was attempted in 1765, by means of the Stamp Act. It provided that all legal documents should be executed upon paper bearing a stamp for which the English government charged a specific price. This was resented by the colonies with indignation, protests, and alarm, and was followed by a series of aggressions upon the local self-government of the colonists, who, when civil measures had been exhausted in behalf of their cause, resorted to arms.
The War of the Revolution began in 1775, and was waged one year against the mother country for a redress of grievances; but being unable to obtain this, the colonies declared themselves free and independent.
# Conspectus of the History of Political Parties and the Federal Government/1879 National Liberal Party Platform

National Liberal Platform, Cincinnati, Ohio, September 14.
1. Total separation of Church and State, to be guaranteed by amendment of the United States constitution; including the equitable taxation of church property, secularization of the ​public schools, abrogation of Sabbatarian laws, abolition of chaplaincies, prohibitions of public appropriations for religious purposes, and all measures necessary to the same general end.
2. National protection for national citizens in their equal civil, political, and religious rights, to be guaranteed by amendment of the United States constitution and afforded through the United States courts.
3. Universal education, the basis of universal suffrage in this secular Republic, to be guaranteed by amendment of the United States constitution, requiring every state to maintain a thoroughly secularized public school system, and to permit no child within its limits to grow up without a good elementary education.
# Conspectus of the History of Political Parties and the Federal Government/Conspectus of Political History

Conspectus of Political History.
* Colonial
* Revolutionary
* Confederation
Administrations:
* Washington
* John Adams
* Jefferson
* Madison
* Monroe
* John Quincy Adams
* Jackson
* Van Buren
* Harrison and Tyler
* Polk
* Taylor and Fillmore
* Pierce
* Buchanan
* Lincoln
* Johnson
* Grant
* Hayes
# Chemical National Bank of Chicago v. Hartford Deposit Company

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
161 U.S. 1
Chemical National Bank of Chicago v. Hartford Deposit Company
The facts were thus stated by the supreme court:
'The Chemical National Bank of Chicago entered into a lease, dated November 18, 1892, with the Hartford Deposit Company, of a banking office of a certain building owned by the said Hartford Deposit Company. In accordance with its terms, the bank paid $2,500 on the delivery of said lease. The term was for a period of five years, from May 1, 1893, at an annual rental of $12,000, payable in equal monthly installments of $1,000, in advance, exclusive of and in addition to said first payment of $2,500. The bank entered into and took possession of said premises on May 1, 1893, the first day of said term, and the first installment of rent fell due and was payable on that day. This installment was not paid when due, nor had it, or any part of it, been paid when, on May 9, 1893, the bank became insolvent and a national bank examiner took possession of its assets and of said premises. On July 21st a receiver was duly appointed, and on July 27th he notified the Hartford Deposit Company of his election to terminate said lease after July 31, 1893, so far as he, as receiver, was concerned. On the same day, namely, July 27th, said receiver paid to the Hartford Deposit Company the sum of $2,709.68, which was, as agreed, the ratable amount of rent due for the period to July 31st, inclusive. No other or further rent was paid under said lease, by any other person or at any other time. The premises remained vacant until May 1, 1894, when they were relet at a reduced rental.' Hiram T. Cilbert, for plaintiff in error.
Charles H. Baldwin, for defendant in error.
Mr. Chief Justice FULLER, after stating the facts in the foregoing language, delivered the opinion of the court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Chemical Company v. Ellis

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
314 U.S. 495
Chemical Company v. Ellis
Argued: Dec. 10, 1941. --- Decided: Jan 5, 1942
Mr. Harrison F. Lyman, of Boston, Mass., for petitioner.
Mr. William Gates, Jr., of Boston, Mass. for respondents.
Mr. Chief Justice STONE delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Chelentis v. Luckenbach S. S. Company

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
247 U.S. 372
Chelentis v. Luckenbach S. S.C.ompany
Argued: and Submitted April 18, 1918. --- Decided: June 3, 1918
[Syllabus from pages 372-373 intentionally omitted]
Messrs. Silas B. Axtell and Arthur L. Burchell, both of New York City (Fayette B. Dow, of Washington, D. C., of counsel), for petitioner.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 373-377 intentionally omitted]
Messrs. Peter S.C.arter and William H. Carter, both of New York City, for respondent.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 377-378 intentionally omitted]
Mr. Justice McREYNOLDS delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Chemical National Bank of Chicago v. City Bank of Portage

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
160 U.S. 646
Chemical National Bank of Chicago v. City Bank of Portage
[Syllabus from pages 646-648 intentionally omitted]
Hiram T. Gilbert, for plaintiff in error. S.P. McConnell and D.K. Tenney, for defendant in error.
Mr. Chief Justice FULLER, after stating the facts in the foregoing language, delivered the opinion of the court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Chemical Bank Trust Company v. Group of Institutional Investors

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
343 U.S. 982
Chemical Bank Trust Company v. Group of Institutional Investors
Argued: June 9, 1952. ---
Memorandum of Mr. Justice FRANKFURTER, in connection with the denial of the petitions for writs of certiorari.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Chater v. Carter

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
238 U.S. 572
Chater v. Carter
Argued: April 30 and May 3, 1915. --- Decided: June 21, 1915

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Chastleton Corporation v. Sinclair

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
264 U.S. 543
Chastleton Corporation v. Sinclair
Argued: April 21, 1924. ---
Mr. W. Gwynn Gardiner, of Washington, D. C., for appellants.
Messrs. Chapin Brown and R. H. McNeill, both of Washington, D. C., for appellees.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 544-545 intentionally omitted]
Mr. Justice HOLMES delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Chaucer

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "Chaucer."
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Wikidata item.
This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* Chaucer, by G. K. Chesterton
* Chaucer, a poem by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
* Chaucer, a biography in the English Men of Letters series, by Adolphus William Ward
For works by Geoffrey Chaucer, see Author:Geoffrey Chaucer
# Chaucer's Works (ed. Skeat) Vol. I/Errata

ERRATA AND ADDENDA.
    P. 95: l. 47. Insert a comma after 'oughte'
    P. 98: l. 114. Omit the comma at the end of the line.
    P. 123: l. 705. It would be better to read 'Withoute.' The scansion then is:
Without | e fabl' | I wol | descryve.
    P. 126: l. 793. Delete the comma at the end of the line.
    P. 127: l. 806. Delete the comma at the end of the line.
    P. 135: l. 997. For shall read shal
    P. 136: ll. 1015-6. Improve the punctuation thus:—
As whyt as lilie or rose in rys Hir face, gentil and tretys.
    P. 136: l. 1021. Delete the comma after 'yelowe'
    P. 141: l. 1154. Delete the comma after 'seide'
    P. 168: l. 1962. For Bu -if read But-if
    P. 176: l. 2456. For joy read Ioy
    P. 201: l. 4035. For the comma substitute a semicolon.
    P. 249: l. 7087. For echerye read trecherye
    P. 253: l. 7324. For weary read wery
    P. 255: l. 7437. Supply a comma at the end of the line.
    P. 258: l. 7665. Insert a comma after 'helle'
    P. 269: l. 145. The stop at the end should be a comma.
    P. 278: l. 49. For aud read and
    P. 282: l. 145. For Aud read And
    P. 301: l. 716. The comma should perhaps be a semicolon or a full stop.
    P. 313: l. 1069. For 'Antilegius,' a better form would be 'Antilogus,' a French form of Antilochus.
    P. 326: l. 74. Perhaps 'let' should be 'lete'
    P. 330: l. 206. For folke read folk
    P. 338: l. 91. For Aud read And
    P. 340: l. 133. For the read thee
    P. 362: l. 76. The final stop should be a comma.
    P. 374: ll. 243, 248. For desteny and ful better forms are destinee and fulle
    P. 377: l. 328. For furlong wey read furlong-wey
# Chatwin v. United States

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
326 U.S. 455
Chatwin v. United States
Argued: Oct. 10, 1945. --- Decided: Jan 2, 1946
Mr. Claude T. Barnes, of Salt Lake City, Utah, for petitioners.
Mr. Harold Judson, Asst. Sol. Gen., of Washington, D.C., for respondent.
Mr. Justice MURPHY delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Donnelly, Ignatius

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​DONNELLY, IGNATIUS, an American prose-writer; born in Philadelphia, Nov. 3, 1831. Among his writings are: An "Essay on the Sonnets of Shakespeare"; "Atlantis, the Antediluvian World" (1882); and "Ragnarok" (1883). In "The Great Cryptogram" he endeavors to prove that Francis Bacon was the author of Shakespeare's plays. His best known novel is "Cæsar's Column." He died in Minneapolis, Minn., Jan. 2, 1901.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Doom

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​DOOM, the old name for the "Last Judgment," which impressive subject is usually painted over the chancel arch in parochial churches. Dooms were executed in distemper. One of the finest at present existing in England is in the Church of the Holy Trinity, in Coventry.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Donnybrook

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​DONNYBROOK, a former village and parish, now mostly embraced in the borough of Dublin, at one time celebrated for a fair (notorious for fighting) which was granted by King John, and abolished in 1855.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Donora

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​DONORA, a borough of Pennsylvania, in Washington co. It is on the Pennsylvania and the Pittsburgh and Lake Erie railroads, and on the Monongahela river. It is the center of an important coal mining and agricultural region, and has manufactures of steel wire, chemicals, gas mantles, etc. Pop. (1910) 8,174; (1920) 14,131.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Doon

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​DOON, a river in Ayrshire, Scotland, which after a course of 30 miles falls into the Firth of Clyde. It is celebrated in the poems of Burns.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Donkey Engine

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​DONKEY ENGINE, a small engine used in various operations where no great power is required. Thus a donkey engine is often stationed on the deck of a ship to work a crane for loading and unloading.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Door

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​DOOR, a wooden or metal, or partly wood and partly metal frame, constructed so as to open and shut on hinges and close the entrance to a building, rooms, etc. The doors of ancient Egypt and contemporary nations swung upon vertical pintles which projected from the top and bottom of the door into sockets in the lintel and threshold respectively. The commonest form of door had the pintle in the middle of the width; so that, as it opened, a way was afforded on each side of it for ingress or egress. Double-margin doors are made in imitation of folding-doors, the middle style being made double with an intervening bead. Sliding-doors are an improvement on folding; they slip into grooves in the partition. A proper-ledged door is one made of boards placed side by side with battens called ledges at the back. With a diagonal piece at the back, in addition, it is said to be framed and ledged.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Doremus, Robert Ogden

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
DOREMUS, ROBERT OGDEN, an American chemist; born in New York City, Jan. 11, 1824. He was graduated at New York University in 1842, and from its medical department in 1850, having established his chemical laboratory in New York in 1848. He has filled the chair of chemistry at Bellevue Hospital Medical College and at the College of the City of New York. He patented noted chemical processes and fire extinguishers and was a noted expert in toxicology. He died March 22, 1906.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Donne, John

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​DONNE, JOHN, a celebrated English poet and clergyman; born in London in 1573. He studied both at Oxford and Cambridge. In his 19th year he abjured the Catholic religion, and became secretary to the Lord-Chancellor Ellesmere, but finally lost his office by a clandestine marriage with his patron's niece. By the desire of King James, Donne took orders, and, settling in London, was made preacher of Lincoln's Inn. In 1621 he was appointed Dean of St. Paul's. He was chosen prolocutor to the convocation in 1623-1625. As a poet, and the precursor of Cowley, Donne may be deemed the founder of what Dr. Johnson calls the metaphysical class of poets. He wrote "Letters," "Sermons," "Essays on Divinity," and other pieces. He died in March, 1631, and was interred in St. Paul's.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Doria

Edition of 1921; disclaimer. See also Andrea Doria on Wikipedia.
DORIA, one of the most powerful families of Genoa, became distinguished about the beginning of the 12th century, and shared with three other leading families, the Fieschi, Grimaldi, and Spinola, the early government of the republic. Among the older heroes of this family are Oberto Doria, who in 1284 commanded the Genoese fleet, which at Meloria annihilated the power of Pisa; Lamba Doria, who in 1298 defeated the Venetian Dandolo at the naval battle of Curzola; Paganino Doria, who in the middle of the 14th century distinguished himself by great victories over the
Venetians. But the greatest name of the Dorias is that of Andrea, born in Oneglia in 1468, of a younger branch of the family. After serving some time as a condottiere with the princes of southern Italy, he was intrusted by the Genoese with the reconstruction of their fleet. Disagreement with the Genoese factions drove him to take service with Francis I., of France, in which he highly distinguished himself, and in 1527 he took Genoa in the name of the French king. But being displeased with the projects of Francis for reducing Genoa to a place of secondary importance he went over to the service of Charles V. (1529), carrying with him the whole influence and resources of Genoa. He re-established order in Genoa, reorganized the government, and though refusing the title of doge practically controlled its affairs to the end of his life. As imperial admiral he performed many services for Charles, clearing the seas of Moorish pirates and assisting the emperor in his expeditions to Tunis and Algiers. In 1547 his authority was threatened by the conspiracy of Fieschi, and he narrowly escaped assassination in the tumult. He died in 1560.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Moreau, Jean Victor

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​MOREAU, JEAN VICTOR (mo-rō′), a French general; born in Morlais, France, Aug. 11, 1761. He was educated for the law, but enlisted at 17, and thenceforth devoted himself to a military career. In 1796 he was commander of one of the two French armies that invaded Germany. The other army, under ​General Jourdan, was completely defeated by the Austrians, who then brought their whole force to bear on Moreau. In this emergency, Moreau extricated himself by the retreat through the Black Forest. Napoleon, in 1800, gave Moreau the command of the armies of the Danube and the Rhine; and in the winter of that year Moreau gained the great victory of Hohenlinden. He was afterward suspected of plotting against Napoleon's government, and was banished from France. He lived in the United States till 1813, when he returned to Europe and joined the armies of the allied sovereigns against the French. He was mortally wounded at the battle of Dresden, Aug. 27, 1813, and died in Laun, Bohemia, Sept. 20.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Morecambe Bay

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​MORECAMBE BAY, an inlet of the Irish Sea, separating the main portion of Lancashire, England, from the detached portion of Furness; length 18 miles; average breadth about 10 miles; it receives the Leven, the Kent, and the Lune.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Morella

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​MORELLA (mō-rāl′yā), a town of Spain, 80 miles N. by E. of Valencia. It was the stronghold of Cabrera, the Carlist general, who scaled the castle on Jan. 25, 1839. It was retaken in July, 1840, by Espartero.