OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Chapman, Thomas

1904 Errata appended.
​CHAPMAN, THOMAS (1717–1760), prebendary of Durham, was born at Bellingham, Northumberland, in 1717. He was educated at Richmond grammar school, Yorkshire, and Christ's College, Cambridge, where he obtained a fellowship. In 1746 he was appointed master of Magdalene College. He received the degree of LL.D. in 1748, when he served the office of vice-chancellor, and was appointed one of the king's chaplains. In 1749 he received the degree of D.D., and was appointed rector of Kirkby-over-Blow, Yorkshire. The following year he was appointed to the prebendal stall at Durham, and in 1758 official to the dean and chapter. He died in 1760. He was the author of an 'Essay on the Roman Senate,' 1750, translated into French in 1765. Hurd refers to him as 'in nature a vain and busy man.'
[Gent. Mag. xxx. 298; Hutchinson's Durham, ii. 182; Letters from a late eminent Prelate, 306, 307, 3rd ed.; Nichols's Anecdotes, 1. 562, 562, ii. 615-16, iii. 622.]
T. F. H.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.62 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
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# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Granville, Bevil (d.1706)

​GRANVILLE or GRENVILLE, Sir BEVIL (d. 1706), governor of Barbadoes, grandson of Sir Bevil Grenville (1596–1643) [q. v.], was son of Bernard Grenville or Granville (1631–1701), M.P., and groom of the bedchamber to Charles II, by his wife Anne, daughter and sole heiress of Cuthbert Morley of Hornby, Yorkshire. After keeping his terms at Trinity College, Cambridge, he was created M.A. in 1679 (Cantabr. Graduati, 1787, p. 167). He then obtained a commission in the regiment of foot nominally commanded by his uncle, John Grenville, earl of Bath [q. v.] From James II he received the honour of knighthood. He saw some service in the Low Countries. In December 1693 he came over from Flanders, waited on William III, with whom he seems to have been a favourite, and gave him an account of the state of that country (Luttrell, Brief Historical Relation of State Affairs, iii. 240). In January of the following year he was gazetted to the colonelcy of the regiment of the Earl of Bath, on the latter's resignation (ib. iii. 254), and joined it in Flanders. In June 1695, in consequence of a violent quarrel, he fought in Flanders a duel with Colonel the Marquis de Rada, who shortly afterwards died of his wounds (ib. iii. 491). On 21 March 1695–6 he was appointed by the king governor of Pendennis Castle in Cornwall (ib. iv. 33). At the end of May he re-embarked for Flanders, where ​he got again into trouble, ‘being accused by several officers for illegal practices on his regiment.’ A court-martial, however, acquitted him (ib. iv. 227, 254). In June 1698 his regiment was ordered for Ireland (ib. iv. 392). Grenville accepted in May 1702 the governorship of Barbadoes, with a salary of 2,000l. a year, but did not sail for the colony until March 1703 (ib. v. 175, 198, 278). He had scarcely settled, when he fell dangerously ill of a fever then epidemic in the island (ib. v. 351). Some of the planters complained to the privy council of his tyranny and extortion. After a full hearing, 20 July 1705, Grenville was ‘honourably acquitted;’ but it was deemed politic to recall him in the following year (ib. v. 575, vi. 92). He died at sea on his passage home in September or October 1706 (ib. vi. 105). He was unmarried. By his will, dated 16 Jan. 1701-2, and proved at London on 6 Nov.1706 (P.C.C.234, Eedes), he left his estate to his brother, George Granville or Grenville, afterwards Lord Lansdowne (1667-1734) [q. v.] He wrote his name ‘Granville.’
[Parochial Hist. of Cornwall, ii. 380; Cal. State Papers, Treas. 1697-1 707.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Grantham, Henry

​GRANTHAM or GRANTHAN, HENRY (fl. 1571–1587), translator, published in 1571 ‘An Italian Grammar written in Latin by Scipio Lentulo, a Neapolitane, and turned into English by H. G.’ The volume, dedicated to Mary and Frances, daughters of Henry, lord Berkeley, reached a second edition in 1587. Tanner also ascribes to Grantham ‘XIII Questiones translated out of Boccace's “Philocopo” from Italien into English by H. G.,’ London, 1571, 1587, 12mo. The dedication is dated ‘6 March 1566.’ It is possible that another translation by H. G.—i.e. Girolamo Cataneo's ‘Most briefe Tables to know redily how many ranckes of footemen … go to the making of a just Battaile,’ London, 1588, 4to—may also be by Grantham.
A. V.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Grant, William (d.1786)

​GRANT, WILLIAM (d. 1786), physician, a native of Scotland, graduated M.D. at Aberdeen in 1755, and became licentiate of the London College of Physicians in 1763. He practised in the city of London with success, and was physician to the Misericordia Hospital, Goodman's Fields. He died in Edinburgh, 30 Dec. 1786. His writings include: 1. ‘An Inquiry into … the Fevers most common in London,’ 1771 ; French translation, 1773. 2. ‘Observations … on Fevers,’ 1772; 3rd ed. 1779. 3. ‘An Essay on the … Fever … commonly called Jail … Fever,’ 1775; German translation, 1778. 4. ‘Account of the Epidemic Cough and Fever,’ 1776. 5. ‘Account of a Fever and Sorethroat in London,’ 1777. 6. ‘Observations on the Atrabilious Temperament and Gout,’ 1779-81. 7. ‘Observations on the Influenza of 1775 and 1782,’ 1783.
G. T. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Grant, William James

​GRANT, WILLIAM JAMES (1829–1866), painter, born at Hackney in 1829, showed an early talent for drawing, and at the age of ten was much impressed by the Elgin marbles. He studied drawing regularly, attended Haydon's lectures, and obtained two prizes from the Society of Arts. In 1844 he became a student of the Royal Academy, and in 1847, while still a student, exhibited his first picture, ‘Boys with Rabbits.’ In the following year he aimed higher, with ‘Edward the Black Prince entertaining the French King after the Battle of Poitiers.’ During the next few years he painted chiefly sacred subjects, such as ‘Christ casting out the Devils at Gadara’ (1850), ‘Samson and Delilah’ (1852). In 1853 he reverted to historical subjects, and among his later pictures may be noticed ‘Mozart's Requiem’ (1854), ‘Scene from the Early Life of Queen Elizabeth’ (1857), ‘Eugene Beauharnais refusing to give up the Sword of his Father’ (1858), ‘The Morning of the Duel’ (1860), ‘The Last Relics of Lady Jane Grey’ (1861). In 1866 he exhibited ‘The Lady and the Wasp’ and ‘Reconciliation,’ but died on 2 June in that year, at the early age of thirty-seven. All his works showed great promise. A picture of ‘The Widow's Cruse of Oil,’ painted for a private commission, was exhibited only at Liverpool. Grant also executed numerous drawings in red and black chalk, chiefly illustrations to poetry.
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Grantham, Thomas (fl.1684)

​GRANTHAM, Sir THOMAS (fl. 1684), naval commander, was son of Thomas Grantham of Kessiter, alias Burncester, Oxfordshire, killed fighting for the king at the siege of ​Oxford in 1645. In 1673 he convoyed twenty-five sail from Virginia to England during the Dutch war. He returned to Virginia in 1676 in command of the Concord, a ship of 32 guns, and took an important part in pacifying the colony during the insurrection of Nathaniel Bacon (1642?–1676) [q. v.] On a third voyage to Virginia he was attacked (25 Oct. 1678) by a corsair of very superior force commanded by a Spanish renegade, and beat her off after a gallant action. Charles II acknowledged his services, and in 1682 recommended him to the East India Company. They accordingly granted him a commission for a ship named the Charles II. The king, with the Duke of York, was present at the launch on 8 Feb. 1683, when the king knighted him. He sailed in the summer, with directions to enforce the company's claims for half the revenues of Gombroon against the shah of Persia, and to replace the English at Bantam, from which they had been expelled by the king's son, acting in concert with the Dutch. Grantham reached Bantam in June 1684, but, an agreement having been made meanwhile in Europe, his visit was peaceful. He next proceeded to Gombroon, where he found the Dutch already in possession and could do nothing. Sailing to Surat, he received orders from Mr. (soon afterwards Sir) John Child [q. v.], president of the council, to suppress a mutiny at Bombay. Captain Keigwin had seized the government and taken possession of the company's ship Return, with a treasure on board. Grantham with much firmness and judgment succeeded in persuading the mutineers to submit, granting Keigwin a free pardon. He ran considerable risk of being murdered, as Keigwin's followers were less reasonable than himself, and ticklish negotiations were needful. After revisiting Surat he reached England in July 1685.
Grantham was afterwards ‘gentleman ordinary’ of the privy chamber to William and Mary, and held the same position under Queen Anne. In 1690 he bought the manor of Kempton, Sunbury, where in 1697 he built a ‘fair house’ (Lysons, Parishes not in ‘Environs,’ pp. 274, 277). In 1711 he was described as of Batavia House, Sunbury, Middlesex. The time of his death is uncertain. He obtained a coat of arms on petition in 1711. The grant, dated 27 July 1711, is in Addit. MS. 26516, ff. 72 et seq. This is the sole authority for his earlier services; and as the statement no doubt came from himself and is very inaccurate in regard to some later events, it is not a very satisfactory record.
[Diary of William Hedges, edited by Colonel (Sir Henry) Yule for the Hakluyt Society, vol. iii. (illustrations), pp. clx–clxxxiv.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hutton, Robert Howard

1904 Errata appended.
​HUTTON, ROBERT HOWARD (1840–1887), bonesetter, son of Robert Hutton, who died 16 July 1887, was born at Soulby, Westmoreland, on 26 July 1840. He was a member of a family of farmers who for upwards of two hundred years have resided in the north of England, where they have been bonesetters for the benefit of their neighbours. Robert's uncle, Richard Hutton, was the first of the family to make bonesetting a profession. He set up in practice in London at Wyndham Place, Crawford Street, London, and died at Gilling Lodge, Watford, on 6 Jan. 1871, aged 70. Among the well-authenticated cases of cures by the elder Hutton were those of the Hon. Spencer Ponsonby on 27 June 1865, and of George Moore, the philanthropist, in March 1869.
The younger Hutton was from 1863 to 1869 at Milnthorpe in Westmoreland, where he farmed land, and in his leisure time set bones. About 1869 he came to London and for some time resided with his uncle Richard. He then set up for himself first at 74 Gloucester Place, Portman Square, and afterwards at 36 Queen Anne Street, Cavendish Square. He soon obtained a name and a position. He owed his reputation to his mechanical tact and acute observation of the symptoms of dislocations. His general method of procedure was to poultice and oil the limb for a week, and then by a sudden twist or wrench he often effected an immediate cure. Hutton's extensive practice brought him a large fortune, but his tastes were expensive. He was devoted to all field-sports, and was well known as a huntsman at Melton Mowbray. He was kind to animals, and often set their broken limbs. In 1875 Miss Constance Innes, daughter of Charles Leslie, was thrown from her horse and broke her arm. After many months; having, as she believed, a permanently stiff arm, she went to Hutton, who restored it to its use, and on 26 July 1876 she became his wife. On 16 July 1887, at 36 Queen Anne Street, London, a servant gave him some laudanum instead of a black draught. He died soon afterwards at University College Hospital. A verdict of death from misadventure was returned at the inquest. He left one child, Gladys Hutton.
G. C. B.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.163 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
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# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Huyssing, Hans

​HUYSSING or HYSING, HANS (fl. 1700–1735), portrait-painter, born at Stockholm in Sweden, came to England in 1700 as assistant to Michael Dahl [q.v.], the portrait-painter, with whom he lived for many years. He succeeded after Dahl's death to his practice, and adopted his manner. He was patronised by the family of George II, and painted the queen, the three royal princesses, and George III as a boy. Many of his portraits, including Sir Robert Walpole, the speaker Onslow, Dr. Desaguliers, C. F. Zincke (the enamel-painter) and his wife, James Gibbs (the architect), and Humphrey Skelton, were engraved in mezzotint by John Faber, jun., and others. Vertue describes portraits by him of Joseph Goupy and Sir Nicholas Dorigny as ' well painted, much in Mr. Dahl's later manner.'
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hutton, Robert (d.1568)

​HUTTON or HUTTEN, ROBERT (d. 1568), divine, was for some time at Pembroke Hall, Cambridge. Dr. William Turner [q. v.], then fellow of Pembroke, says that Hutton was his servant there. He was probably Turner's scholar as well as servant, but does not appear to have taken any degree. During the reign of Mary he went abroad to escape persecution. Some time in Elizabeth's reign he was made rector of Little Braxted in Essex, and on 9 April 1560 became rector of Wickham Bishops in the same county. These preferments, together with the vicarage of Catterick in Yorkshire, he held until his death, which took place in 1568.
Hutton published `The Sum of Diuinitie drawen out of the Holy Scripture …,' London, 1548, 12mo, a translation from Spangenberg's ‘Margarita Theologica,' for which his patron Turner wrote the preface. The book was very popular, and new editions appeared in 1560, 1561, 1567, and 1568. An edition of the 'Margarita' in the original appeared in London in 1566.
W. A. J. A.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hutton, William (1798-1860)

​HUTTON, WILLIAM (1798–1860), geologist, born in 1798, near Sunderland, settled in Newcastle-on-Tyne at an early age, and acted as agent of the Norwich Fire Insurance Company. He soon acquired a reputation as a practical geologist, an authority upon the coal measures, and an ardent collector of coal-fossils. 'The fossils of our coal-fields first found an exponent in him.' His intimacy with John Buddle [q. v.] gave him great advantages in his researches. He was an honorary secretary of the Newcastle Natural History Society from its foundation in 1829 till he left Newcastle in 1846, and many papers written by him were published in the society's 'Transactions' (1831-8). He took a leading part in the establishment of mechanics' institutes in the north of England. He was a fellow of the London Geological Society, and contributed papers to its 'Transactions.' He also prepared with John Lindley [q. v.] 'The Fossil Flora of Great Britain,' London, 1831-7 (3 vols.) On leaving Newcastle in 1846, Hutton settled at Malta, but returned to Newcastle in 1857, and afterwards removed to West Hartlepool, where he died 20 Nov. 1860. His portrait, by Carrick, is in the possession of the North of England Institute of Mining and Mechanical Engineers at Newcastle-on-Tyne. After his death Professor G. A. Lebour edited from his papers and from those of Dr. Lindley 'Illustrations of Fossil Plants,' London, 1877; this was published for the North of England Institute of Mining and Mechanical Engineers, and contained a reproduction of Carrick's portrait of Hutton. Hutton's valuable collections of fossils, which passed to the council of the Mining Institute, is now partly in the Museum of the Natural History Society at Newcastle, and partly in the Museum of the Durham College of Physical Science in the same town.
[Gent. Mag. 1861 i. 111; Stockton and Hartlepool Mercury, 24 Nov. 1860; Ormerod's Cat. Geol. Soc. Proc.; Mr. R. Howse's Cat. of … Hutton Collection … in Nat. Hist. Soc. Museum in Soc. Trans. x. 191; Tyneside Nat. Field Club, v. 21; information kindly sent by Mr. Richard Howse.]
W. A. J. A.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hutton, William (1736?-1811)

​HUTTON, WILLIAM (1736?–1811), antiquary, born in 1735 or 1736, was the second son of George Hutton (d. 1736) of Overthwaite in the parish of Beetham, Westmoreland, by Eleanor, daughter of William Tennant of York and Bedale, Yorkshire (Burke, Landed Gentry, 7th ed. i. 962). In 1760 he became curate and in September 1762 rector of Beetham (a family living). He died in August 1811 (Gent. Mag. 1811, pt. ii. p. 291). By his wife Lucy, third daughter of Rigby Molyneux, M.P. for Preston, he had two sons. He wrote a curious tract in imitation of the provincial dialect entitled 'A Bran New Wark, by William de Worfat [Overthwaite], containing a true Calendar of his Thoughts concerning good nebberhood. Now first printed fra his M.S. for the use of the hamlet of Woodland,' of which fifty copies were printed at Kendal in 1785. Another edition was subsequently issued with a few variations. The tract was reprinted by the English Dialect Society in 1879. Hutton kept a large folio book called the 'Repository' in the vestry of Beetham Church, in which he entered a record of parish affairs from an early period (Burn and Nicolson, Westmoreland and Cumberland, i. 219). It has been carefully preserved and continued by his successors.
[Authorities quoted.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Huysum, Jacob van

​HUYSUM, JACOB van (fl. 1721), flower painter. [See Van Huysum.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hutton, Thomas

​HUTTON, THOMAS (1566–1639), divine, a Londoner by birth, was admitted into Merchant Taylors' School (being the son of a member of the company) on 6 April 1573 (School Reg.), and was elected in 1585, aged ​19, a probationary fellow at St. John's College, Oxford. He graduated B.A. 1587, M.A. 1591, and proceeded B.D. in 1597, and became 'a frequent Preacher' (Wood). In 1600 he was made vicar of St. Kew in Cornwall, and a few years later (1605-6) engaged in a controversy with those in the same diocese with himself who refused subscription to the Book of Common Prayer. His zealous defence of the prayer-book led to further preferment. He became rector of North Lew, Devonshire, and a prebendary of Exeter, 1616. He was buried at St. Kew on 27 Dec. 1639.
His writings are:
* 'Reasons for refusal of Subscription to the Booke of Common Praier under the hands of certaine Ministers of Devon and Cornwall, word for word as they were exhibited by them to the Rt. Rev. Father in God, William Coton (sic), Doctor in Divinitie, L. Bishop of Exceter, with an Answere at severall times returned them in Publike Conference, and in diverse sermons upon occasion preached in the Cathedral Church of Exceter,' by T. Hutton, B.D., Oxford (J. Barnes), 1605, 4to.
* 'The second and last parts of Reasons,' &c., London (J. Windet), 1606, 4to.
* 'An Appendix, or compendious brief of all other exceptions, taken by others, against the Book of Communion, Homilies, and Ordination,' &c. Published with the second part.
[Wood's Athenæ (Bliss), ii. 646-7; Reg. Univ. Oxf. (Oxf. Hist. Soc.), II. ii- 145, iii. 145; Boase and Courtney's Bibl. Cornub. pp. 261-2, 1239; Robinson's Reg. of Merchant Taylors' School, i. 21.]
C. J. R.
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Epictetus 2.

​EPICTE'TUS (Ἐπίκτητος), a physician mentioned by Symmachus (Epist. x. 47), who attained to the title and dignity of Archiater in the time of Theodosius the Great, a.d. 379–395. [W. A. G.]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Eupompus

​EUPOMPUS (Εὔπομπος), of Sicyon, one of the most distinguished Greek painters, was the contemporary of Zeuxis, Parrhasius, and Timanthes, and the instructor of Pamphilus, the master of Apelles. He was held in such esteem by his contemporaries, that a new division was made of the schools of art, and he was placed at the head of one of them. Formerly only two schools had been recognized, the Greek Proper or Helladic, and the Asiatic; but the fame of Eupompus led to the creation of a new school, the Sicyonian, as a branch of the Helladic, and the division then adopted was the Ionian, the Sicyonian, and the Attic, the last of which had, no doubt, Apollodorus for its head. Another instance of the influence of Eupompus is his celebrated answer to Lysippus, who, at the beginning of his career, asked the great painter whom he should take for his model; and Eupompus answered that he ought to imitate nature herself, and no single artist. The only work of Eupompus which is mentioned is a victor in the games carrying a palm. (Plin. xxxiv. 8. s. 19. § 6, xxxv. 9, 10. s. 36. §§ 3, 7.) [P. S.]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Epicrates 2.

​EPI'CRATES (Ἐπικράτης), of Ambracia, was an Athenian comic poet of the middle comedy, according to the testimony of Athenaeus (x. p. 422, f.), confirmed by extant fragments of his plays, in which he ridicules Plato and his disciples, Speusippus and Menedemus, and in which he refers to the courtezan Lais, as being now far advanced in years. (Athen. ii. p. 5d, d., xiii. p. 570, b.) From these indications Meineke infers that he flourished between the 101st and 108th Olympiads (b.c. 376—348). Two plays of Epicrates, Ἔμπορος and Ἀντιλαΐς are mentioned by Suidas (s. v.), and are quoted by Athenaeus (xiv. p. 655f., xiii. pp. 570, b., 605, e.), who also quotes his Ἀμαζόνες (x. p. 422f.) and Δύσπρατος (vi. p. 262d.), and informs us that in the latter play Epicrates copied some things from the Δύσπρατος of Antiphanes. Aelian (Ael. N. A. 12.10) quotes the Χορός of Epicrates. We have also one long fragment (Athen. ii. p. 59, c.) and two shorter ones (Athen. xi. p. 782, f,; Pollux, iv. 121) from his unknown plays. (Meineke, Frag. Com. Graec. vol. i. pp. 414, 415, vol. iii. pp. 365—373; Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. ii. pp. 440, 441.) [P. S.]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Euprepes

​EU′PREPES, celebrated in the racing annals of Rome as having carried off 782 chaplets of victory,—a greater number than any single individual before his time had ever won. He was put to death when an old man, upon the accession of Caracalla (A. D. 211), because the colours which he wore in the circus were different from those patronised by the prince, who favoured the Blues. (Dion Cass. lxxvii. 1.) [W. R.]