OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Peat, David

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​PEAT. (Captain, 1847. f-p., 21; h-p., 16.)
David Peat was born 21 June, 1795, at Kirkaldy in Scotland.
This officer entered the Navy, 2 April, 1810 under the auspices of the late Admiral Sir Philip Durham, as L.M., on board the Archer gun-brig, ​Lieut.-Commanders Lawrence Smith, Michael Fitton, Jas. Lindsay, and Wm. Carnegie. After sharing, as Midshipman, in an affair with some Danish gun-boats, he removed, in Jan. 1812, to the Mosquito sloop, in which vessel, commanded hy Capts. Christopher Bell and Jas. Tomkinson, he came into frequent contact with the enemy’s batteries and made a voyage to the West Indies and Brazil. In Sept. 1814 (he had been employed during the three preceding months in the Dunira 18, Capt. Edw. Boys, on the Leeward Island station) he again joined Lieut. Fitton on board the Cracker gun-brig; he served next, from the following Dec. until June, 1816, in the Mediterranean, on board the Ajax 74, Capt. Geo. Mundy; and, in the ensuing Oct. and May, he became attached to the Ganymede 26 and Severn 40, both commanded by Capt. Wm. M‘Culloch. While engaged in the two latter ships in the Coast Blockade, on which service he was the first officer ever sent, he encountered several desperate affrays with the Deal smugglers, and gave occasion for so many letters of approbation from the Admiralty and his various superiors that he was advanced to the rank of Lieutenant 24 Nov. 1817. Being re-appointed to the Severn in June, 1818, he was stationed by Capt. M‘Culloch at Dungeness, where, among other affairs with illicit traders in which life was lost, he was once attacked singly, in open day, by three desperadoes, against whom he successfully defended himself, killing one on the spot, and, although possessed of no weapon but his regulation-sword, compelling the remainder to fly. While employed next at Folkstone he received two pistol-balls on one occasion through his thigh; and on another, 9 June, 1821, when on the cliffs to the eastward with only three men, he was attacked by a numerous gang of ruffians, not less than 60 of whom were armed. In the unequal conflict that ensued he received two musket-balls, six pistol-balls, and ten slugs; one of his small party, a quartermaster, was shot through in five places, and fell dead at his side; and the other two were also brought to the ground, the one by a ball in the groin, the second by a shot in the knee. For his conduct and sufferings Lieut. Peat was advanced to the rank of Commander by commission bearing date the day of the occurrence; and awarded, 29 July, 1822, a pension of 91l. 5s. per annum. He was afterwards employed as an Inspecting Commander in the Coast Guard, from 5 July, 1836, until 1839, and again from 30 March, 1840, until promoted to his present rank, 1 Jan. 1847. Agents – Hallett and Robinson.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Pechell, Charles

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​PECHELL. (Lieutenant, 1844.)
Charles Pechell is son of Capt. Sam. Geo. Pechell, R.N. (1810), who commanded the Clorinde 40 in attendance upon the unfortunate consort of George IV. during her visit to the Mediterranean in 1815-16, and died 30 Dec. 1840, by Caroline, second daughter of Wm. Thoyts, Esq., of Sulhampstead House, Herts. His grandfather, Augustus Pechell, Receiver-General of the Post office in 1785, and of the Customs in 1790, was uncle of the present Rear-Admiral Sir Sam. John Brooke Pechell, Bart., C.B., K.C.H., and also of Capt. Geo. Rich. Pechell, R.N., M.P.
This officer entered the Navy in 1833; passed his examination 14 Aug. 1840; served as Mate on the East India, North America and West India, and Home stations in the Conway 26, Capt. Chas. Ramsay Drinkwater Bethune, Pique 36, Capt. Hon. Montagu Stopford, and Excellent gunnery-ship, Capt. Sir Thos. Hastings; obtained his commission 5 Dec. 1844; and from 27 of that month until paid off at the commencement of 1848 was employed, again in North America and the West Indies, on board the Persian 16, Capt. Henry Coryton.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Pedder, George Murray McKinley

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​PEDDER. (Lieut., 1809. f-p., 14; h-p., 33.)
George Murray McKinley Pedder died 26 Aug. 1847, at St. Simon’s Bay, Simon’s Town, Cape of Good Hope.
This officer entered the Navy, in Jan. 1800, as Fst.-cl. Vol., on board the Achille 74, Capt. Geo. Murray, with whom he continued employed on the Home and Baltic stations as Midshipman in the Edgar 74, part of Lord Nelson’s fleet in the action off Copenhagen, and London 98, until transferred, in May, 1802, to the Penelope 36, Capt. Wm. Robt. Broughton. In Sept. 1804, on his return from a voyage to the Mediterranean, he joined the Monmouth 64, bearing the flag at North Yarmouth of Rear-Admiral Thos. Macnamara Russell. He next, in April, 1805, sailed in the Blenheim 74, flag-ship of Sir Thos. Troubridge, for the East Indies; where, on 1 April, 1806, he was nominated Acting-Lieutenant of the Caroline of 42 guns, Capt. Peter Rainier. In that ship, on 18 Oct. 1806, he contributed, in a manner that won his Captain’s highest approbation, to the capture, near the island of Java, of the Dutch 14-gun brig Zeerop, and, in the course of the same day, after an action of half an hour, of the Maria-Riggersbergen of 40 guns and 270 men, 50 of whom were killed and wounded, with a loss to the Caroline, out of 204 men, of 3 killed and 18 wounded. In company with the Maria-Riggersbergen were the William 14, Patriot 18, and Zee-Ploeg 14, together with some gun-boats who partially assisted her; 30 other gun-boats lay in-shore, but did not attempt to come out. On 27 Jan. 1807 Mr. Pedder was further present at the capture of the St. Raphael Spanish register-ship, mounting 16 guns, with a complement of 97 men, having on board 500,000 dollars in specie, and 1700 quintals of copper, besides a valuable cargo. In securing this rich prize the Caroline had 7 men wounded; the enemy’s vessel, before she surrendered, incurred a loss of 27 killed and wounded. Mr. Pedder was confirmed a Lieutenant 30 Sept. 1809, and was subsequently, until Aug. 1813, employed in the Ganges 74, Capts. Peter Halkett and Geo. Dundas, Argo 44, Capts. Fred. Warren and Cornelius Quinton, and Niemen 38, Capt. Sam. Pym, on the Baltic, Lisbon, Mediterranean, and Cape of Good Hope stations. At the period of his death he was Port-Captain at St. Simon’s Bay.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Pedder, William

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​PEDDER. (Lieutenant, 1824.)
William Pedder entered the Navy 5 April, 1814; obtained his commission 21 June, 1824; held an appointment in the Coast Guard from 28 Oct. 1834 until the early part of 1839; and, as second in command of the Hon.E.I.Company’s war-steamer Nemesis, participated in the China services detailed in our memoir of Capt. Wm. Hutcheon Hall. At the storming, 27 Feb. 1841, of the enemy’s works at their position below Whampoa Reach, he formed one of the landing party; and for the able and gallant manner in which he supported the boats during the expedition up the inner passage to Canton he obtained the thanks of ​Capt. Jas. Scott. He was appointed Harbour-Master at Hong Kong 9 Feb. 1844.
He is married and has issue.
* ↑ Vide Gaz. 1841, p. 1501.
* ↑ Vide Gaz. 1841, p. 1509.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Pedlar, George

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​PEDLAR. (Commander, 1814. f-p., 18; h-p., 35.)
George Pedlar entered the Navy, in April, 1794, as Sec.-cl. Boy, on board L’Espion 18, Capt. Wm. Hugh Kiltoe; and on 22 of the following July was captured off Falmouth by a squadron of French frigates. Being restored to liberty by exchange in Nov. 1795, he again, in Jan. 1796, embarked on board the Kingfisher 18, Capts. Edw. Marsh, John Bligh, Hon. Chas. Herbert Pierrepont, and Fred. Lewis Maitland; in which vessel, prior to being wrecked on the bar of Lisbon in Dec. 1798, he assisted in making prize of the Betsey French privateer, of 16 guns and 118 men, after a very creditable action productive of a loss to the enemy of 1 man killed and 8 wounded, and to the British of only 1 man, out of 120, slightly wounded. Being received next, as Master’s Mate, on board the Speedy, of 14 guns and 60 men, Capt. Jahleel Brenton, he was present in that vessel, 6 Nov. 1799, when she singly defeated, near Gibraltar, and put to flight two Spanish schooners, each carrying 2 long 24-pounders and 50 men; 10 other vessels of 1 24-pounder and 40 men each; and a French xebec privateer, of 8 guns. In April, 1800, Mr. Pedlar followed Capt. Brenton into the Généreux 74. After the surrender of Genoa he rejoined Capt. Maitland on board the Camelion sloop, commanded subsequently by Capt. Edw. O’Bryen. On 20 March, 1801 , having assisted at the debarkation of the troops in Aboukir Bay, he removed on promotion to the Foudroyant 80, flag-ship of Lord Keith, by whom he was nominated, 16 Aug. 1801, Acting-Lieutenant of the Mutine 18, Capts. Wm. Hoste and Lord Wm. FitzRoy. He was confirmed a Lieutenant 7 Jan. 1802; and was subsequently appointed – 1 March, 1802, to the Loire 38, Capt. F. L. Maitland – 11 Nov. 1803, again to the Foudroyant, bearing the flag of Sir Thos. Graves in the Channel – 26 March, 1806, to the Brilliant 28, Capts. Robt. Barrie, Rich. Budd Vincent, and Thos. Smyth, from which vessel, employed on the Cork and Channel stations, he invalided in Dec. 1808 – and, 18 Aug. 1812, and 12 April, 1813, as First, to the Grampus 50 and Dragon 74, both commanded by Capt. Robt. Barrie, with whom he visited Cadiz, the West Indies, and North America. While in the last-mentioned ship he witnessed the surrender of the town of Castine, and was in meritorious command of the boats of a squadron employed up the Penobscot at the taking of Hamden and Bangor, and the destruction, by the enemy, of the U.S. corvette Adams, a brig pierced for 18 guns, a large privateer, and eight merchant-vessels. On a previous occasion, 5 Nov. 1813, with the boats of the Dragon and Sophie under his orders, he had brought three American vessels out from a creek in the river Potomac. He went on half-pay in April, 1815, having been rewarded for his services with a Commander’s commission bearing date 12 Oct. 1814; and has not been since able to procure employment.
He married, in 1811, a daughter of Addis Archer, Esq., of Leigham, by whom he has an only son in Holy Orders. Agents – Messrs. Stilwell.
* ↑ Vide Gaz. 1814, p. 2031.
* ↑ Vide Gaz. 1814, p. 232.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Peel, Edmund

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​PEEL. (Commander, 1841.)
Edmund Peel is second son of Edmund Peel, Esq., of Church Bank, Lancashire. His paternal and maternal grandfathers, Wm. Peel, Esq., of Church Bank and Peel Fold, and Jonathan Peel , Esq., of Accrington, were brothers of the late Sir Robt. Peel, Bart., and uncles of the present Right Hon. Sir R. Peel, Bart., M.P.
This officer entered the Navy, 3 March, 1814; obtained his first commission 21 Dec. 1824; and was subsequently appointed – 4 March, 1825, for a short time, to the Fly 18, Capt. Lord Wm. Paget, on the South American station – 8 Jan. 1829, to the Galatea 42, Capt. Chas. Napier, under whom he was for two years and a half employed on particular service – and, 25 Oct. 1841, as First-Lieutenant, to the Volage 26, Capt. Sir Wm. Dickson, fitting for North America and the West Indies. He was promoted to the command, 21 Dec. following, of the Racehorse 18, on the latter station, whence he returned at the close of 1842; and he afterwards, from 1 July, 1843, until paid oif in 1845, commanded the Bittern 16, at the Cape of Good Hope.
Commander Peel married, in Dec. 1832, Lucy, daughter of Rich. Meek, Esq., of Fetlow Fold. Agent – W. H. B. Barwis.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Peat, John Green

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​PEAT. (Lieutenant, 1815. f-p., 10; h-p., 32.)
John Green Peat was born 1 Nov. 1789. This officer entered the Navy, 29 Nov. 1805, as Fst.-cl. Vol., on board the Fame 74, Capts. Graham Moore, Rich. Henry Alex. Bennett, Phipps Hornby, and Abel Ferris, employed at first off Rochefort and afterwards in the Mediterranean; where, in Nov. 1810 and March, 1811, he became in succession Midshipman (a rating he had attained in July, 1806) of the Salsette frigate, Capt. John Hollinworth, and Pylades 18, Capt. Geo. Ferguson. In March, 1813, after he had been for eight months borne as a Supernumerary on the books of the Royal William, flag-ship at Spithead of Sir Rich. Bickerton, he joined the San Domingo 74, bearing the flag of Sir John Borlase Warren in North America; on which station, with the exception of an interval of six months occasioned by ill health, he continued employed as Master’s Mate in the Diadem 64, Capt. John Martin Hanchett, until nominated, 24 Sept. 1814, Acting-Master of the Wolverene 16, Capt. Geo. Guy Burton. On his return home from the West Indies, for the purpose of being paid off, in Aug. 1815, he found that he had been advanced to the rank of Lieutenant by commission bearing date 17 March in that year. He has since been on half-pay. Agents – Messrs. Ommanney.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Peel, William

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​PEEL. (Commander, 1846. f-p., 9; h-p., 0.)
William Peel , born 2 Nov. 1824, is third son of the Right Hon. Sir Robt. Peel, Bart., M.P., by Julia, youngest daughter of General Sir John Floyd, Bart.
This officer entered the Navy, 7 April, 1838, as Midshipman, on board the Princess Charlotte 104, Capt. Arthur Fanshawe, bearing the flag in the Mediterranean of Hon. Sir Robt. Stopford, under whom, in Nov. 1840, he witnessed the fall of St. Jean d’Acre. Towards the close of 1841, after having been further employed on the Mediterranean station in the Monarch 84, Capt. Sam. Chambers, he successively joined the William and Mary yacht, Capt. Phipps Hornby, and Cambrian 36; in which latter ship, commanded by Capt. Henry Ducie Chads, we find him, until April, 1843, attached to the force in China. On his return home in the following Sept. in the Belleisle troop-ship, Capt. John Kingcome, he was received on board the Camperdown 104, bearing the flag of Sir Edw. Brace at the Nore; and in the following Nov. he joined the Excellent gunnery-ship at Portsmouth, Capt. Sir Thos. Hastings. On 13 May, 1844, a week after he had passed his examination – an examination so brilliant that it called forth a public eulogium from Sir Thos. Hastings, and a very flattering notice from Sir Chas. Napier in the House of Commons – Mr. Peel was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant. His succeeding appointments appear to have been – 15 May, 1844, to the Winchester 50, flag-ship of Hon. Josceline Percy at the Cape of Good Hope – 13 June following, as Additional, to the Cormorant steam-sloop, Capt. Geo. Thos. Gordon, in the Pacific – 29 Aug. in the same year, to the Thalia 42, Capt. Chas. Hope, similarly stationed – next, we believe, to the America 50., Capt. Hon. John Gordon, by whom he was sent in charge of dispatches from San Blas to Vera Cruz – 27 Feb. 1846, after a brief interval of half-pay, to the Devastation steam-sloop, Capt. Edw. Crouch, equipping at Woolwich – and, 15 May ensuing, to the Constance 50, Capt. Sir Baldwin Wake Walker, lying at Devonport. He attained his present rank 27 June, 1846; and, since 11 Feb. 1847, has been in command of the Daring 12, on the North America and West India station.
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# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Finta Giardiniera, La

From volume 1 of the work.
​FINTA GIARDINIERA, LA. Opera buffa in 3 acts, author of libretto unknown; music by Mozart; produced at Munich Jan. 13, 1775.
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Finta Semplice, La

From volume 1 of the work.
​FINTA SEMPLICE, LA. Opera buffa in 3 acts; libretto by Coltellini, music by Mozart; composed at Vienna in 1768, when he was only 12, but apparently never put on the stage.
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Fioravanti, Valentino

From volume 1 of the work.
​FIORAVANTI, Valentino, composer, born in Rome 1770, studied under Sala at the 'Pietá de' Turchini' at Naples. His first opera 'Coi matti il savio si perde' produced at the Pergola in Florence 1791, was followed by at least 50 others, all comic. He was invited to Paris in consequence of the success of 'Le Cantatrici Villane' (1806 [App. p.636 "1803"]) and there wrote 'I virtuosi ambulanti' (1807). These two were on the whole his best operas, though all possessed a genuine vein of comedy, a freshness, and an ease in the part-writing, which concealed their triviality and want of originality, and made them very popular in their day. In June 1816 he succeeded Jannaconi as maestro di capella to St. Peter's at Rome, and while in that post wrote a quantity of church music very inferior to his operas. [App. p.636 "'Adelaida' was produced at Naples in 1817."] His character was gentle and retiring; and the last few years of his life were spent very quietly. He died at Capua, on his way to Naples, June 16, 1837. Like Paisiello and other considerable Italian composers of that date, Fioravanti was extinguished by Rossini.
[ M. C. C. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Fis

From volume 1 of the work.
​FIS and FISIS, the German terms for F♯ and F×. The equivalent French terms are Fa diése and Fa double diése.
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Fischer, Johann

From volume 1 of the work.
​FISCHER, Johann Christian, distinguished oboist, born 1733 at Freiburg (Breisgau), was for some years in the court band at Dresden, then in the service of Frederic the Great, and after a successful concert tour by Mannheim, Holland, and Paris, came to London, and made his first appearance at the Thatched House, June 2, 1768; J. C. Bach playing the 'pianoforte' for the first time at the same concert. Fischer was for many years a great attraction at the Bach-Abel and Vauxhall concerts, and as a member of the Queen's band played frequently before the court. His playing of Handel's fourth oboe concerto at the Handel Commemoration in 1784 so delighted the King that he expressed his satisfaction in a note on his book of the words. (Memoir of Dr. Burney by Mme. D'Arblay, ii. 385.) His tone must have been very powerful since Giardini the violinist characterised it as 'such an impudence of tone as no other instrument could contend with'; and according to the ABCDario 'it was very fine and inexpressibly well-managed.' On the death of Stanley, Master of the King's band (1786), Fischer competed with Burney and others for the vacant post, but Parsons was appointed, and Fischer soon after went abroad, probably in disgust at his failure. Mozart in 1766 as a boy had been enchanted with his playing in Holland, but on hearing him again in Vienna, severely criticises him (letter to his father, April 4, 1787), and condemns alike his tone, his execution, and his compositions. From 1790 he remained in London. While playing at court he was struck with paralysis, and died April 29, 1800 (see 'Times' of May 1). Kelly, in his 'Reminiscences' (vol. i. 9), gives an anecdote of Fischer's pride as an artist. A certain nobleman having invited him to supper much against his will, said when he arrived, 'I hope, Mr. Fischer, you have brought your oboe in your pocket'; to which he replied, 'No, my lord; my oboe never sups,' and instantly left the house. He was very intimate with Gainsborough, who was a great lover of music, and whose pretty daughter Mary he married, though the father gave a very unwilling consent, foreseeing the short duration of the marriage. (Fulcher's Life of Gainsborough.) There is a fine portrait of Fischer by Gainsborough at Hampton Court (private dining-room, No. 747). Thicknesse mentions a second in full uniform—'scarlet and gold like a colonel of the Foot Guards.'
[ C. F. P. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Fiorillo, Federico

From volume 1 of the work.
[ P. D. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Firing

From volume 1 of the work.
[ C. A. W. T. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Firework Music

From volume 1 of the work.
[ G. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Fischer, Gottfried

From volume 1 of the work.
[ G. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Fioriture

From volume 1 of the work.
​FIORITURE, flowerets. The Italian term for ornaments—scales, arpeggios, turns, shakes, etc.—introduced by singers into airs. In the last century airs were often written plain, and were embroidered by the singers according to their taste and ability. Such songs as 'O dolce concento' and 'Nel cor piú' were seldom sung alike by two different singers. Rossini's early airs were written for the same treatment—witness 'Non piú mesta.' A remnant of it many will still remember in the long tasteless cadenzas indulged in at the close of Handel's airs. This was all very well as long as singers were also good musicians, and as long as the singing was more thought of than what was sung. But now these things are changed, and the composer writes exactly what he intends to be sung—notes, nuances, and expression.
[ G. ]
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/McClure, Robert John Le Mesurier

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​M‘CLURE. (Lieutenant, 1837.)
Robert John Le Mesurier M‘Clure passed his examination in 1830; and obtained his commission 30 Nov. 1837. His appointments have since been – 1 Feb. 1838, to the Hastings 74, Capt. Fras. Erskine Loch, fitting at Portsmouth – 16 June following, to the Niagara 20, Capt. Williams Sandom, on the Lakes of Canada – 17 Aug. 1839, as First-Lieutenant, to the Pilot 16, Capt. Geo. Ramsay, attached to the force in North America and the West Indies – 18 June, 1842, to the command of the Romney receiving-ship at the Havana, where he remained until the early part of 1846 – and, 29 Dec. in the latter year, to the Coast Guard, in which service he is now employed.