OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Folk-Lore/Volume 3

FOLK-LORE
A QUARTERLY REVIEW
OF
MYTH, TRADITION, INSTITUTION, & CUSTOM.
[Incorporating The Archæological Review and
The Folk-Lore Journal.]
VOL. III.—1892.
LONDON:
DAVID NUTT, 270, STRAND.
1892.
LONDON : CHAS. J. CLARK, 4, LINCOLN'S INN FIELDS, W.C.
CONTENTS.
I.—(March 1892.)
PAGE
Opening Address to the Folk-Lore Society for the Session 1891-92. G. L. Gomme - 1
The Lai of Eliduc and the Märchen of Little Snow-White. Alfred Nutt - 26
Magic Songs of the Finns, IV. Hon. John Abercromby - 49
Guardian Spirits of Wells and Lochs. Rev. Walter Gregor 67
Manx Folk-lore and Superstitions, II. Prof John Rhys - 74
Discussion - 88
Folk-lore Tales of Central Africa. Rev. D. Elmslie - 92
Report on Folk-tale Research, 1890-91. E. Sidney Hartland - - - - - - III
Folk-Lore Society. Fourteenth Annual Report of the Council 130
II.—(June 1892.)
The Sin-Eater. E Sidney Hartland - 145
Samoan Tales, II. Hon. John Abercromby - 158
German Christmas and the Christmas-Tree. Dr. Alexander Tille - 166
The Baker of Beauly: a Highland version of the Tale of the “Three Precepts”. Alex. MacBain and W. A. Clouston 183
Divination among the Malagasy, together with Native Ideas as to Fate and Destiny. Rev. Jas. Sibree - 193
The Pied Piper of Hamelin. Mrs. Eliza Gutch - 227
“First Foot” in the British Isles. Prof John Rhys and T. W. E. Higgens - 253
Folk-Lore Society. Proceedings at Evening Meetings - 272
III.—(September 1892.)
Queries as to Dr. Tylor’s Views on Animism J. S. Stuart-Glennie ..... 289
An Analysis of Certain Finnish Myths of Origin. Hon. John Abercromby ..... 308
Bantu Customs and Legends. Rev. James Macdonald - 337
Importance du Folk-lore pour les Études de l’Ancien Français. M. Wilmotte - 360
Folk-lore Miscellanea. Prof. John Rhys - 375
Celtic Myth and Saga. Report upon the Progress of Research during the past two years. Alfred Nutt - 387
IV.—(December 1892.)
The Easter Hare. Chas. J. Billson - 441
The Bodleian Dinnshenchas. Edited and translated by Whitley Stokes 467
Index to Places - 516
Balochi Tales, I. M. Longworth Dames 517
Recent Greek Archæology in its relation to Folk-lore. Cecil Smith - 529
Title-page and Contents for Vol. III.
Notes and News - 139, 270, 433, 554
Review: Paul's Grundriss. Alfred Nutt - 425
Correspondence:
Chained Images, Miss G. M. Godden - 137 The Widow's Son; and Greek Folk-lore, Miss L. M. Garnett 265 Ethnologists and Anthropologists, J. S. Stuart-Glennie - 267 Branchos, A. E. Crawley - 267 The Buck's Leap, Miss C. S. Burne - 427 The Flat-foot Question, Karl Blind - 429
Chained Images, E. S. Hartland - 546
Mr. Hartland's "Sin-Eater", and Primitive Sacraments, Miss G. M. Godden - 546 Christmas Mummers, T. F. Ordish 550 Folk-Songs and Music, Miss L. E. Broadwood - 551 Errata in the September Number - 553
Miscellanea:
Churn Charm, and Sympathetic Bees, Alfred Nutt - 138
Exorcism in Wales, Griffith Evans - 274 The Three Precepts: a Norse Variant, W. A. Clouston - 556
Folk-lore from South-East Suffolk, Lady Camilla Gurdon 558
Folk-lore Bibliography - 141, 278, 435, 561
Indexes: Articles—Bibliography - 569
# Folk-Lore/Volume 29/Sanctuaries and Fairies in West Ireland

Sanctuaries and Fairies in West Ireland.
Mr. T. J. Westropp, who is doing excellent work on the investigation on scientific lines of prehistoric remains in Ireland, has republished from the Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy (vol. xxxiv. Section C, No. 3) a paper on "The Ancient Sanctuaries of Knockaincy and Clogher, Co. Limerick." Here a cairn commemorates the cult of the goddess Aine, of the god-race of the Tuatha De Danann. She was a water-spirit, and has been seen, half-raised out of the water, combing her hair. She was a beautiful and gracious spirit, " the bestnatured of women," and is crowned with meadowsweet (spiræa), to which she gave its sweet smell. She is a powerful tutelary spirit, protector of the sick, and connected with the moon, her hill being sickle-shaped, and men, before performing the ceremonies, used to look for the moon—whether visible or not—lest they should be unable to return. They used to comb the sheaves on St. John's Eve, carrying lighted wisps to bring luck ​to crops and cattle. One day some girls saw her, and she showed them, through a ring, that the hill was crowded with fairies. Her son, the magic Earl of Desmond, is still seen riding over the ripples of Loch Gur until his horse's golden shoes are worn out. The paper is a valuable contribution to the prehistoric mythology of Ireland.
# Folk-Lore/Volume 29/War Mascots

War Mascots.
The lighter side of the Imperial War Museum Exhibition at Burlington House is the collection of soldiers' and sailors' "Mascots" of all nations.
These have been gathered together by Mr. E. Lovett, of the Folk-Lore Society.
The collection includes many ordinary superstitions, such as bits of coal for luck, but there are others peculiar to the war, and especially interesting are the Russian ikons, and also the metal Greek crosses of the patterns of the seventeenth century.
Belgium is largely represented by charms made from the copper and aluminium of enemy projectiles, and especially hearts, anchors, and crosses.
The Italian charms and amulets are mostly of mother of pearl or coral, and include fishes and hands and long fingers destined to ward off the "evil eye."
The English mascots are very varied, and pertain to different counties and localities. A Northamptonshire regiment's mascot is some hairs of the regimental goat enclosed in a glass disc. The Irish charms are generally the four-leafed shamrock in Connemara marble.
A German iron medal is a sailor's mascot against drowning, and bears the Latin motto "In tempestate securitas."
"Touch-wuds," black cats, gollywogs in wool, Teddy bears, penguins, are there in dozens, and stones with holes in them from the West of England.
The Evening News, 14th January, 1918.
# Folk-Lore/Volume 29/The Praying Palm of Faridpur

The Praying Palm of Faridpur.
Calcutta, 4th January.
Under the presidency of Lord Ronaldshay Sir J. C. Bose delivered a lecture this evening on "The praying palm-tree."
Sir J. C. Bose said that perhaps no phenomenon was so remarkable and shrouded with greater mystery as the performances of a particular palm tree near Faridpur. In the evening while the temple bells rang calling the people to prayer the tree bowed down as if to prostrate itself, and erected its head again in the morning. This process is repeated every day of the year. The phenomenon had been regarded as miraculous and pilgrims had been attracted in great numbers. It was also alleged that offerings made to the tree had been the means of effecting marvellous cures.
The lecturer first obtained photographs of the two positions which proved the phenomenon to be real. The next thing was to devise a special apparatus to record continuously the movement of the tree day and night. The records of the palm tree showed that it fell with the rise of temperature and rose with the fall. The records obtained with other trees brought out the extraordinary and unsuspected fact that all trees are moving, such movement being in response to changes in their environment.
Pioneer Mail, Allahabad, 11th January, 1918.
# Folk-Lore/Volume 29/The Town of Barbarie

The Town of Barbarie.
The above is the name of a game which I found being played by boys in North Co. Dublin (March, 1918). It was played as follows: Some boys line up in a row, one of whom is called the prince. Two others get out on the road and join hands and represent the town of Barbarie. One of the boys from the row then comes up to the pair, walks around them, and asks
"Will you surrender, will you surrender, The town of Barbarie?"
They answer
"We won't surrender, we won't surrender. The town of Barbarie."
Being unsuccessful he goes back to the prince and tells him that they won't surrender. The prince then says
"Take one of my good soldiers."
This is done, and the whole row of boys are brought up one after the other till the town is taken by their parting the joined hands of the pair who represent the town of Barbarie.
(Note.—Variants and illustrations of this game are given in the Dictionary of British Folk-lore, ed. A. B. Gomme, vol. i. pp. 18-21.)
Joseph J. MacSweeney.
# Executive Order 1309

more info.
Signed by President William H. Taft Saturday, February 25, 1911
1910 CSR 116
Mr. William E. Lewis may be reinstated in the Government Printing Office without regard to the length of his separation from that office.
The White House,
    February 25, 1911.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Executive Order 13082

more info.
See the Notes section for a listing of Executive Orders affected by or related to the issuance of this Executive Order.
Signed by President William J. Clinton Friday, May 8, 1998
Federal Register page & date: 63 FR 26709, Wednesday, May 13, 1998
Executive Order 12377 of May 8, 1998
Joint Mexican-United States Defense Commission
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, and in order to add a member of the Joint Staff to the Joint-Mexican-United States Defense Commission, it is hereby ordered that the third paragraph of Executive Order 9080 of February 27, 1942, as amended by Executive Order 10692 of December 22, 1956, and by Executive Order 12377 of August 6, 1982, is further amended to read as follows:

## Notes

Shortcut: WS:USEO

### Amends

* Executive Order 9080, February 27, 1942

### See Related

* Executive Order 10692, December 22, 1956;
* Executive Order 12377, August 6, 1982
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Executive Order 13087

more info.
See the Notes section for a listing of Executive Orders affected by or related to the issuance of this Executive Order.
Signed by President William J. Clinton Thursday, May 28, 1998
Federal Register page & date: 63 FR 30097, Tuesday, June 2, 1998
Executive Order 13087 of May 28, 1998
Further Amendments to Executive Order 11478, Equal Employment Opportunity in the Federal Government
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States, and in order to provide for a uniform policy for the Federal Government to prohibit discrimination based on sexual orientation, it is hereby ordered that Executive Order 11478, as amended, is further amended as follows:

#### Section 1.

The first sentence of section 1 is amended by substituting “age, or sexual orientation” for “or age”.

#### Sec. 2.

The second sentence of section 1 is amended by striking the period and adding at the end of the sentence “, to the extent permitted by law.”.

## Notes

Shortcut: WS:USEO

### Amends

* Executive Order 11478, August 8, 1969

### See Related

* Executive Order 13152, May 2, 2000;
* Proclamation 7316, June 2, 2000 ( 65 FR 36051 )
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Forty Years On The Pacific/Yukon Telegraph Trail

ANOTHER body of self-sacrificing and efficient men are the telegraphers and their linesmen of the Canadian North, on a line known as the Yukon Telegraph Trail. They exist in cabins, forty miles apart. Terrific storms play havoc with the lines, but communication must be kept open, entailing great exertion and risk. With the characteristic hospitality of the frontier, they will share their fire and food with the lost traveler. At times, the fierce cold is beyond their endurance and one may succumb, as the pathetic case of one McKenzie, near Hazelton, British Columbia, in 1909. One morning members of a passing pack train found McKenzie frozen to death in his cabin. He lay in his rough bunk, with his head craned over its edge, listening to the telegraph sounder. Doubtless his linesman was out when McKenzie woke up to find his fire gone out during the night—the cold had crept in and the walls were lined with frost. Probably he felt enfeebled from the keen cold and delayed getting up to light his fire. Such delay in the north is fatal—the encroaching frost had numbed him so that he was too weak to rise. And so he died. But the feature of the whole incident which strikes home, and forcibly accentuates the irony of fate, was that even in death his head was still inclined toward the sounder which was clicking away merrily the latest Associated Press news for the Dawson City papers. News from London, Paris, Berlin, Shanghai, New York. News from the four corners of the earth, not two hours old.
Kennicott—The name Kennicott, associated with the famous Alaskan copper mine, is worthy of reference here, because it was founded by an old Western Union telegrapher of that name. About 1865, the Western Union Telegraph Company started to connect America with Europe by telegraph. They sent a body of experts into the northwest, headed by Mr. Kennicott, to construct the line. For many months these brave men were engaged in the erection of a telegraph line through this unknown waste, intending to cross at Behring Strait, and reach Asia, and thence on to Europe. About this time, the successful completion of the Atlantic cable was accomplished by Cyrus W. Field, so there was no necessity for constructing a line across Behring Strait. Kennicott camped on the spot which retains his name.
Speaking of Kennicott reminds me of an item I saw in a New York paper, in 1916, when I reached there, showing how people plunge on stocks of which they know very little. A conversation was overheard in a train going into the city. One man said to another: "I bought one thousand Kennicott yesterday, Jack," and the other remarked: "What and where is that?" The reply was: "I don't know, but it is some proposition in Connecticut."
# Forum

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "Forum."
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Wikidata item.
This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.

## Periodicals

* The Forum (1874–1875), an American periodical
* The Forum (1886–1950), an American periodical

## Poems

* "The Forum" (1869, "'Tis o'er—the fatal hour has come"), a poem by Fitz-Greene Halleck
# Fawcus Mach Company v. United States

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
282 U.S. 375
Fawcus Mach Company v. United States
Argued: Dec. 12, 1930. --- Decided: Jan 5, 1931
Mr. James S. Y. Ivins, of Washington, D. C., for petitioner.
The Attorney General and Mr. Claude R. Branch, of Providence, R. I., for the United States.
[Argument of Counsel from page 376 intentionally omitted]
Mr. Justice ROBERTS delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Favourite flowers of garden and greenhouse

Publication of books spanned 1896-1897

## Source

* Volume 1 (transcription project)
* Volume 2 IA
* Volume 3 IA
* Volume 4 IA
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Fawcett Publications, Inc. v. Morris/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
United States Supreme Court
376 U.S. 513
Fawcett Publications, Inc. v. Morris
The motion to dismiss is granted and the appeal is dismissed for want of jurisdiction. Treating the papers whereon the appeal was taken as a petition for a writ of certiorari, certiorari is denied.
Mr. Justice BLACK and Mr. Justice DOUGLAS are of the opinion that probable jurisdiction should be noted or that the petition for writ of certiorari should be granted.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Fawcett Publications, Inc. v. Morris

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
376 U.S. 513
Fawcett Publications, Inc. v. Morris
See 377 U.S. 925, 84 S.Ct. 1218.
Howard Ellis, Perry S. Patterson, Don H. Reuben and Thomas A. Diskin, for appellant.
C. E. Ram Morrison, for appellee.
PER CURIAM.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Gesta Romanorum Vol. II (1871)/Of Christ, who died that we might live

TALE XII.
OF CHRIST, WHO DIED THAT WE MIGHT LIVE.
A certain king had a wife named Cornelia. It happened, that under a wall in one of the ​king's castles, two serpents were discovered; one, male, and the other, female. The king, hearing of this, interrogated his learned men as to the signification; and they assured him, that they were hidden there to predict the death of a man or woman. They further declared, that if the male were killed, a man should die; if the female, a woman and a wife. "If this be so," said the king, "kill the male serpent, and let the female live; for a man ought more willingly to die himself than permit the death of his wife." And he gave this reason for it; "If my wife live, she may bring forth many sons who may succeed to my throne; but if she should die, the kingdom would want an heir."
APPLICATION.
My beloved, the king is Christ; the wife, our human nature, for which he gave himself to death.
# Gesta Romanorum Vol. II (1871)/Of Christ, who restored our heavenly Inheritance

TALE XV.
OF CHRIST, WHO RESTORED OUR HEAVENLY INHERITANCE.
We read in the Roman annals of a certain tyrant called Maxentius, who would have deprived the Romans of their paternal estates. Yielding to the cruelty of the tyrant, they fled to Constantine, king of Britain. This injustice continuing, the emigrants stirred up the British monarch to revenge them upon the tyrant. Moved by their entreaties, Constantine mounted his horse, gained a complete victory, and restored the exiles to their inheritance.
APPLICATION.
My beloved, the tyrant is the devil; and Constantine represents that God, to whom the distressed should flee for succour.
# Gesta Romanorum Vol. II (1871)/Of Conscience

TALE LV.
OF CONSCIENCE.
Augustine relates, in his work "De Civitate Dei" that Lucretia, a noble Roman lady, was the wife of Calatinus. The latter invited to his castle, Sextus, the son of the emperor Tarquinius, who became violently enamoured of his wife. Selecting a seasonable opportunity, when both Calatinus and the emperor had departed from Rome, he returned to the above mentioned castle, and slept there. During the night, not as a friend but foe, he ​secretly entered the bed-chamber of Lucretia, and putting one hand upon her breast, while he held a drawn sword in the other, said, "Comply with my wishes, or I will kill you." But she resolutely repelled him; and Sextus, enraged, assured her that he would stab a slave and place him in her bed; so that the world should believe her guilty of the most low-lived and flagrant wickedness. At last, Sextus accomplishing his villainy, went away; and the lady, full of the most corroding griefs, despatched letters to her father and husband; to her brothers, to the emperor, and grand-children, together with the proconsuls; and when they were all present she spoke thus: "Not as a friend, but as a foe, Sextus entered my house. Calatinus, your bed has known the garments of a stranger; but though violated, I am innocent. Acquit me of crime, and I will provide my own punishment." At these words, snatching a sword which she had hidden beneath her robe, she ​plunged it into her breast. The assembled friends, taking up the weapon, swore by the blood of the injured Lucretia to drive the family of the Tarquins from Rome. And they did so. As for Sextus, the author of this tragedy, he was miserably slaughtered not long after (35).
APPLICATION.
My beloved, Lucretia is the soul; Sextus is the devil; and the castle represents the heart, into which he enters. The sword is penitence.
* ↑ Meaning Collatinus. She was the wife of Tarquinius Collatinus.
* ↑ "Scias tu, O Calatine, vestimenta viri alieni in lecto tuo fuisse;" a refined expression, and little according with the usual indelicacy of the age.
* ↑ This story is from Saint Austin's City of God. See Note.
Note 35.Page 197.
"A more classical authority for this story, had it been at hand, would have been slighted for St. Austin's City of God, which was the favourite spiritual romance; and which, as the transition from religion to gallantry was anciently very easy, gave rise to the famous old French romance, called the City of Ladies." Warton.
# Gesta Romanorum Vol. II (1871)/Of Christ, who gave himself to Death for us

TALE VII.
OF CHRIST, WHO GAVE HIMSELF TO DEATH FOR US.
An emperor, engaged in mortal war, was in imminent peril of death. A knight, perceiving his danger, placed himself between the emperor and his enemies, and thus saved him from destruction. But in the attempt, the knight was grievously wounded; and not until after a tedious and dangerous illness, healed. The scars, however, remained, and gave occasion to many commendations upon the valour and loyalty which he had exhibited. ​It happened that the same knight was in danger of being defrauded of his inheritance. He went, therefore, to the emperor, and entreated that he would advise and assist him. "My good friend," replied the emperor, "I cannot attend to you at present; but I will appoint a judge who shall examine into your case, and do you every justice." "My lord," cried the other, "how can you say so?" And immediately tearing open his vesture, he exposed the scars left by his wounds. "See what I have borne for you—yet you will neither vindicate nor assist me! Is it not unjust, that after I have undergone so much, another should be deputed to judge and advocate my cause?" The emperor, hearing this, instantly replied, "My friend, you say true: when I was in peril, you, and not another preserved me." Then, ascending the tribunal, he gave judgment in his favour. (4)
APPLICATION.
My beloved, the knight is Christ, who received many wounds in our behalf. Let us ​not depute another to show our gratitude, but exert ourselves in the most earnest manner.
Note 4.Page 39.
We have here the well-known anecdote of Augustus Cæsar, and of the Roman soldier, who fought in the battle of Actium.