OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hugh of Balsham

​HUGH of Balsham (d. 1286), bishop of Ely and founder of Peterhouse, Cambridge. [See Balsham.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hugh of Evesham

​HUGH of Evesham (d. 1287), cardinal. [See Evesham.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hughes, David

​HUGHES, DAVID (1813–1872), independent minister, was born at Cefn-uchaf, Llanddeiniolen, Carnarvonshire; became member of Bethel independent church, Arfon, at an early age; and complied with the request of the congregation to begin preaching in 1832. He studied at Hackney College, and afterwards at the university of Glasgow, where he graduated and read theology under Dr. Wardlaw. He was ordained on 14 Sept. 1841, and became pastor of two small congregations in Flintshire. In 1845 he removed to St. Asaph, where he became part editor of the `Beirniadur,' and projected his chief work, 'Geiriadur Ysgrythyrol a Duwinyddol,' i.e. 'A Scriptural and Theological Dictionary,' which was completed in 1852. A second edition of this work appeared, vol. i. 1072 pp., in 1876, edited by the Rev. John Peter, and vol. ii. ​1006 pp., in 1879, edited by the Rev. Thomas Lewis. The work contains a large number of biographies. Hughes removed to Manchester in 1846, and shortly afterwards to Bangor, where he remained nine years. On 1 Nov. 1855 he settled at Tredegar in Monmouthshire, and remained there till his death on 3 June 1872. Hughes was a large contributor to the 'Gwyddoniadur,' or 'Welsh Cyclopædia,' and edited and enlarged the English and Welsh dictionary of Caerfallwch [see Edwards, Thomas]. He began, with the author's sanction, a Welsh edition of Home's 'Introduction to the Bible,' but it was not completed.
[Geiriadur Hughes, Cyfrol ii.]
R. J. J.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hugh (d.1098)

​HUGH (d. 1098), called of Montgomery, Earl of Shrewsbury and Arundel, second son of Roger of Montgomery [q.v.], by Mabel, daughter of William Talvas, lord of Bellême, and younger brother of Robert of Bellême [q.v.], held during his father's lifetime the manor of Worfield in Shropshire, and was distinguished as a leader against the Welsh, laying waste Ceredigion (Cardiganshire), and even Dyfed (Pembrokeshire), in 1071 and the following years. Being at Bures in Normandy when his mother was murdered there in the winter of 1082, he pursued her murderers with sixteen knights, but was unable to overtake them. In conjunction with his brothers Robert and Roger of Poitou, he joined the rebellion against Rufus in 1088, and helped to hold Rochester Castle against the king. He succeeded his father in England in 1094, becoming Earl of Shrewsbury and Arundel (for the Arundel title see under Roger of Montgomery and Second Peerage Report, pp. 406-26). He was suspected of being concerned in plots against Rufus in 1095, and after the king's triumph privately purchased his favour with a present of 3,000l. Constantly engaged in war with the Welsh, he was probably specially concerned in the invasion and occupation of Ceredigion and Dyfed in 1093. By the Welsh he was called the Red, by the Scandinavians apparently the Brave or the Proud. In 1094 the Welsh rose against him and the other Norman lords, and though he made war upon them in North ​Wales, and put several bands to flight, he was not able to repress their ravages; at Michaelmas 1095 they took Montgomery and slew all his men that were in the castle. Early in 1098 he joined forces with Hugh, earl of Chester [q.v.], and made war in Anglesey, for the Welsh had made an alliance with the Northmen of Ireland. The earls treated the Welsh with great cruelty [see under Hugh, Earl of Chester]. When the fleet of the Norwegian king, Magnus Barefoot, appeared, the two earls met at Dwyganwy on the mainland, Hugh of Shrewsbury being first on the spot and waiting some days for his ally. They crossed over into Anglesey, and when the fleet drew near Hugh of Shrewsbury rode along the shore, spurring his horse, for he was in haste to marshal his men lest the Northmen should land before they were drawn up in battle array. As he did so the ships came within bow-shot of him, and Magnus and one of his men both shot at his face, for the rest of him was covered with mail. The king's arrow pierced his eye and killed him. His body was buried in the cloister of Shrewsbury Abbey, which had been built by his father and finished by himself. His death was much lamented. He was a valiant warrior, and, save for his cruelties to the Welsh, was gentle in manner and amiable in disposition. He does not appear to have been married, and was succeeded by his brother Robert of Bellême.
W. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Greisley, Henry

​GREISLEY, HENRY (1615?–1678), translator, born about 1615, was the son of John Greisley of Shrewsbury. In 1634 he was elected from Westminster School to a studentship at Christ Church, Oxford, as a member of which he proceeded B.A. 11 April 1638, M.A. 8 July 1641. For refusing to subscribe the engagement ‘according to act of parliament’ he was ejected from his studentship in March 1651 (Register of Visitors of Univ. of Oxf., Camd. Soc., pp. 329, 486). On 28 Sept. 1661 he received institution to the rectory of Stoke-Severn, Worcestershire, and was installed a prebendary of Worcester on 19 April 1672 (Willis, Survey of Cathedrals, ii. 669). He was buried at Stoke-Severn, having ​died on 8 June 1678, at the age of sixty-three. A memorial of him and of his wife Eleanor, daughter of Gervase Buck of Worcestershire, who died 17 Jan. 1703, aged 64, is in Stoke-Severn Church. Greisley translated from the French of Balzac ‘The Prince … [by H. G.],’ 12mo, London, 1648; and from the French of Senault ‘The Christian Man; or the Reparation of Nature by Grace’ [anon.], 4to, London, 1650. ‘Besides which translations,’ says Wood, ‘he hath certain specimens of poetry extant, which have obtained him a place among those of that faculty.’ He contributed a copy of English verses to the Christ Church collection entitled ‘Death repeal'd’ on the death of Paul, viscount Bayning of Sedbury, in June 1638 (pp. 14-15); another in Latin is in the ‘Horti Carolini Rosa Altera,’ after the queen had given birth to a son, Henry, in 1640.
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Greisley, Roger

​GREISLEY, Sir ROGER, bart. (1801–1837), author. [See Gresley.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Grenfell, John Pascoe

1904 Errata appended.
​GRENFELL, JOHN PASCOE (1800–1869), admiral in the Brazilian navy, born at Battersea on 20 Sept. 1800, was a son of J. G. Grenfell and nephew of Pascoe Grenfell [q. v.] When eleven years old he entered the service of the East India Company ; but after having made several voyages to India, in 1819 he joined the service of the Chilian republic under Lord Cochrane [see Cochrane, Thomas, tenth Earl of Dundonald], was made a lieutenant, and took part in most of Cochrane's exploits in the war of Chilian independence, and notably in the cutting out of the Esmeralda, when he was severely wounded. In 1823 he accompanied Cochrane to Brazil, with the rank of commander, and served under his orders in the war with Portugal, specially distinguishing himself in the reduction of Para. Afterwards, under Commodore Norton, in the action off Buenos Ayres on 29 July 1826, he lost his right arm. He then went to England for the re-establishment of his health, but returned to Brazil in 1828. In 1835-6 he commanded the squadron on the lakes of the province of Rio Grande do Sul against the rebel flotillas, which he captured or destroyed, thus compelling the rebel army to surrender. In 1841 he was promoted to be rear-admiral. In 1846 he was appointed consul-general in England, to reside in Liverpool, and in August 1848, while superintending the trial of the Alfonzo, a ship of war built at Liverpool for the Brazilian government, assisted in saving the lives of the passengers and crew of the emigrant ship Ocean Monarch, burnt off the mouth of the Mersey. For his exertions at this time he received the thanks of the corporation and the gold medal of the Liverpool Shipwreck Society. In 1851, on war breaking out between Brazil and the Argentine republic, he returned to take command of the Brazilian navy, and in December, after a sharp conflict, forced the passage of the Parana. After the peace he was promoted to be vice-admiral, and later on to be admiral ; but in 1852 he returned to Liverpool, and resumed his functions as consul-general, holding the office until his death on 20 March 1869. He married, at Monte Video in 1829, Doña Maria Dolores Masini, and left issue ; among others, Harry Tremenheere Grenfell, a captain in the royal ​navy, who on 13 Feb. 1882, while shooting in the neighbourhood of Artaki, in the Sea of Marmora, was severely wounded in a chance affray with some native shepherds; he narrowly escaped with his life, his companion, Commander Selby, being killed. An elder son, John Granville Grenfell, commissioner of crown lands in New South Wales, was killed while defending the mail against an attack of bushrangers on 7 Dec. 1866 (Sydney Morning Herald, 11, 21 Dec. 1866).
[Times, 22 March 1869; Illustrated London News, 4 Dec. 1852; Mulhall's English in South America, p. 210; Armitage's Hist. of Brazil; information from the family.]
J. K. L.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.141 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 109 | ii | 13 | Grenfell, John P.: omit probably |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Greig, Alexis Samuilovich

​GREIG, ALEXIS SAMUILOVICH (1775–1845), admiral in the Russian service, son of Sir Samuel Greig [q. v.], was born at Cronstadt on 18 Sept. 1775. As a reward for the services of his father, he was enrolled at his birth as a midshipman in the Russian navy. He first distinguished himself in the war between Russia and Turkey in 1807, at which time he had attained the rank of rear-admiral. After the engagement off Lemnos in that year, in which the Turks suffered a severe defeat, he was sent by Admiral Seniavin in pursuit of some ships which had escaped to the gulf of Monte Santo; Greig blockaded the Turkish capitan-pasha so closely that he was compelled to burn his vessels and retreat overland. He greatly distinguished himself in the next war between Russia and Turkey (1828-9). While Field-marshal Wittgenstein invaded the latter country by land, Greig was entrusted with the task of attacking the fortresses on the coast of Bulgaria and Roumelia, and the eastern shore of the Black Sea. He appeared off Anapa on 14 May; on 24 June the place capitulated, and Greig received the rank of full admiral. In conjunction with the Russian land forces he laid siege to Varna, but the place was not taken till two months and a half had elapsed (11 Oct.) During the operations the Emperor Nicholas visited the fleet and stayed on board the Paris, the admiral's ship. After the war was concluded (by the peace of Adrianople 14 Sept. 1829), Greig devoted himself with great earnestness to the organisation of the Russian navy. To him the Russians are indebted for the formation and development of their Black Sea fleet. He died on 30 Jan. 1845 at St. Petersburg, and was buried in the Smolensk cemetery in that city. He was created admiral in attendance on the czar, member of the imperial council, and knight of the order of St. George of the second class, together with other decorations. A monument was erected to his memory at Nicolaev. One of his sons greatly distinguished himself at the siege of Sebastopol.
W. R. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Greig, John

​GREIG, JOHN (1759–1819), mathematician, died at Somers Town, London, 19 Jan. 1819, aged 60 (Gent. Mag. 1819, i. 184). He taught mathematics and wrote: 1. ‘The Young Lady's Guide to Arithmetic,’ London, 1798; many editions, the last in 1864. 2. ‘Introduction to the Use of the Globes,’ 1805; three editions. 3. ‘A New Introduction to Arithmetic,’ London, 1805. 4. ‘A System of Astronomy on the simple plan of Geography,’ London, 1810. 5. ‘Astrography, or the Heavens displayed,’ London, 1810. 6. ‘The World displayed, or the Characteristic Features of Nature and Art,’ London, 1810.
C. L. K.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Grene, Martin

​GRENE, MARTIN (1616–1667), Jesuit, son of George Grene, probably a member of one of the Yorkshire families of the name, by his wife Jane Tempest, is said by Southwell to have been born in 1616 at Kilkenny in Ireland, to which country his parents had retired from their native land on account of the persecution ; but the provincial's returns of 1642 and 1655 expressly vouch for his being a native of Kent. He was the elder brother of Christopher Grene [q. v.] After studying humanities in the college of the English Jesuits at St. Omer, he was admitted to the society in 1638. In 1642 he was a professor in the college at Liege, and he held important offices in other establishments belonging to the English Jesuits on the continent. In 1653 he was stationed in Oxfordshire. He was solemnly professed of the four vows on 3 Dec. 1654. After passing twelve years on the mission he was recalled to Watten. near St. Omer, to take charge of the novices. He died there on 2 Oct. 1667, leaving behind him the reputation of an eminent classic, historian, philosopher, and divine.
His works are: 1. ‘An Answer to the Provincial Letters published by the Jansenists, under the name of Lewis Montalt, against the Doctrine of the Jesuits and School Divines,’ Paris, 1659, 8vo. A translation from the French, but with considerable improvements of his own, and with a brief history of Jansenism prefixed. 2. ‘An Account of the Jesuites Life and Doctrine. By M. G.,’ London, 1661, 12mo. This book was a great favourite with the Duke of York, afterwards James II. 3. ‘Vox Veritatis, seu Via Regia ducens ad veram Pacem,’ manuscript. This treatise was translated into English by his brother, Francis Grene, and printed at Ghent, 1676, 24mo. 4. ‘The Church History of England,’ manuscript, commencing with the reign of Henry VIII. The first volume of this work was ready for the press when the author died. Grene, who was an accomplished antiquary, communicated to Father Daniello Bartoli much information respecting English catholic affairs, which is embodied in Bartoli's ‘Istoria della Compagnia di Giesu: L'Inghilterra,’ 1667.
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Grene, Christopher

​GRENE, CHRISTOPHER (1629–1697), Jesuit, son of George Grene, by his wife Jane Tempest, and brother of Father Martin Grene [q. v.], was born in 1629 in the diocese of Kilkenny, Ireland, whither his parents, who were natives of England, and belonged to the middle class, had retired on account of the persecution. He made his early studies in Ireland; entered in 1642 the college of the English Jesuits at Liege, where he lived for five years; was admitted into the English College at Rome for his higher course in 1647; was ordained priest in 1653; and sent to England in 1654. He entered the Society of Jesus 7 Sept. 1658, and was professed of the four vows 2 Feb. 1668-9. He became English penitentiary first at Loreto, and afterwards at St. Peter's, Rome. In 1692 he was appointed spiritual director at the English College, Rome, and he died there on 11 Nov. 1697.
He rendered great service to historical ​students by collecting the scattered records of the English catholic martyrs, and by preserving materials for the history of the times of persecution in this country. An account of those portions of his manuscript collections which are preserved at Stonyhurst, Oscott, and in the archiepiscopal archives of Westminster is given in Morris's ‘Troubles of our Catholic Forefathers,’ vol. iii.
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Grellan

​GRELLAN, Saint (fl. 500), of Craebh-Grellain, in the south-east of the barony of Boyle, co. Roscommon, was the son of Cuillin, son of Cairbre Red-ear, king of Leinster. In the time of Lughaidh, son of Leogaire (483-508), great peals of thunder were heard, which St. Patrick interpreted as announcing Grellan's birth and future eminence as a saint. When of age to travel he abandoned his right of succession to the throne, and accompanied St. Patrick to Ath Cliath Duibhlinne (now Dublin). On this occasion Patrick is said to have composed a poem upon Grellan's future fame (given in Grellan's ‘Life’). They went from Dublin to Duach Galach, king of Connaught, whose wife was delivered of a dead child in the night. It was miraculously restored to life by the saints. As a reward for this Duach granted a tribute to be paid thenceforward by the descendants of the infant to Grellan, and bestowed on him the plain where the miracle was performed, then called Achadh Finnabrach, but afterwards Craebh-Grellain (the Branch of Grellan), from the branch given to him in token of possession by Duach and Patrick.
Grellan, travelling further, settled at Magh Senchineoil (the Plain of the Old Tribe), then the dwelling-place of Cian, king of the Fer Bolgs, who were the inhabitants of that territory. Cian waited on Grellan at Cill Cluana, now Kilclooney, north-west of Ballinasloe, in the barony of Clonmacnowen, co. Galway, where Grellan afterwards erected a church. The Fer Bolgs were attacked by a tribe from Clogher under Maine the Great, but Grellan intervened and made peace on condition that Maine should deliver ‘thrice nine’ nobles as hostages to Cian. Cian meditated a treacherous slaughter of the hostages, when, at Grellan's prayers, a quagmire opened and swallowed up him and his forces. Grellan then handed over the territory to Maine, and in return received the following tribute. He was to have a screpall (3d.) out of every townland, the first-born of every family was to be dedicated to him; he was also to have the firstlings of pig, sheep, and horse, and the race of Maine were never to be subdued as long as they held his crozier. This crozier was preserved for ages in the family of O'Cronelly, who were the ancient comharbas, or successors of the saint. It was in existence as late as 1836, when it was in the possession of John Cronelly, the senior representative of the saint's successors, but it is not known what has since become of it.
Grellan's day is 10 Nov., but the year of his death is not mentioned. Colgan says he was a disciple of St. Finnian of Clonard, and flourished in 590, but this is not consistent with the facts mentioned in the Irish life, for St. Patrick, with whom he is associated, died, according to the usual opinion, in 493, or, according to Mr. Whitley Stokes, in 463.
T. O.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lewis Glyn Cothi

​LEWIS GLYN COTHI (fl. 1450–1486), Welsh bard, also sometimes called Lewis y Glyn or Llywelyn Glyn Cothi, was a native of the Vale of Cothi in Carmarthenshire, whence, according to Welsh bardic custom, he derived his name. He is said to have lived at Pwlltinbyd, near Caio, and espousing the Lancastrian side in the wars of the roses, he served as an officer under Jasper, earl of Pembroke, to whom he dedicated several of his poems. The ravages of the civil war compelled him to seek refuge at Chester. He married a widow there, and intended to make the city his home, but on the day following his marriage the citizens, under some pretence or other, took from him all his household furniture and drove him out of the city. Thereupon he wrote several poems addressed to different Welsh leaders, urging them to revenge his injury, and one Reinalt of the Tower accordingly made a raid upon Chester. Lewis removed to Flint, but there too the English inhabitants maltreated him, and Lewis addressed them in a satiric poem of great pungency. He was, however, more hospitably received on returning to Llwydiarth, near Llanerchymedd, Anglesea. On the accession of Henry VII in 1485 he appears to have returned to Carmarthenshire, where he is said to have died not long after, and to have been buried at Abergwilly. A volume of his poems was published for the Cymmrodorion Society in 1837 (London, 8vo), under the editorship of the Revs. Walter Davies and John Jones (Tegid) [q. v.], but it contains no biographical notice of the writer, nor any account of the manuscripts from which the poems were transcribed. This volume contains about 150 poems, chiefly selected on account of the value of their historical and genealogical information; they are perhaps the best existing source of information about the part played by the Welsh in the wars of the roses (cf. Gairdner, Richard III, pp. 171, 277). There still remain unpublished a great number of his poems, many of which are in the Myvyrian collection in the Addit. MSS. of the British Museum. Hengwrt MSS. 37, 52, and 304, in the Peniarth collection, are supposed to be in his autograph, and poems by him are included in other manuscripts (18, 166, 247–248, 252, 270–1). Three poems, previously unpublished, are found in ‘Cymru,’ i. 115, and show that Lewis was a popular poet as well as a herald-bard.
D. Ll. T.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lewson, Jane

​LEWSON, JANE (1700?–1816), commonly called Lady Lewson, eccentric centenarian, was born, it is alleged, in 1700 in Essex Street, Strand, her maiden name being Vaughan. Having been left in easy circumstances by the death in 1726 of her husband, a merchant named Leveson or Lewson, she refused several suitors, and lived in the closest retirement, though she continued to keep up a large house and garden in Coldbath Square. To the end of her life, at which period she was attended by one old man-servant, she retained the gold-headed cane, the dress and the manners of the time of George I. Her terror of taking cold led her to prohibit the use of water in her house, with the result that the windows and walls became in course of time completely crusted with dirt. Her face and hands she was in the habit of lubricating with lard. Though she rigidly excluded all drugs and doctors, she enjoyed excellent health, and is said to have cut two new teeth at the age of eighty-seven. A similar story was related by Bacon of the famous Countess of Desmond [see Fitzgerald, Katherine]; an explanation of the apparent prodigy is given in a paper by Sir Richard Owen on ‘Longevity’ in ‘Fraser's Magazine’ (February 1872, p. 23). She had a retentive memory, and was fond of relating the events of 1715 and 1745. She died in Coldbath Square on 28 May 1816, at the reputed age of 116, and was buried on 3 June in Bunhill Fields. The story of her peculiarities, which was long popular, may have suggested to Charles Dickens Miss Havisham's environment in ‘Great Expectations.’
[Gent. Mag. 1816, i. 633; Wilson's Wonderful Characters, ii. 185–7 (with engraved portrait by R. Cooper); A True and Wonderful Account of Mrs. Jane Lewson, who lived to the advanced age of 116 years.]
T. S.