OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The New Student's Reference Work/Nitrogen

See also Nitrogen on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Ni′trogen is an elementary gas which in the free state forms nearly four fifths by volume of our atmosphere. In combination with other elements, nitrogen is a necessary constituent of all plants and animals, and it forms a very large number of important compounds, both natural and artificial. Its presence in the atmosphere was discovered in 1772 by Rutherford, at that time professor of botany in the University of Edinburgh. It was more particularly investigated soon after by Priestley, Scheele, Cavendish and Lavoisier. It is a colorless, tasteless, odorless gas, and was formerly regarded as permanent and incondensable; but it can be liquefied at a sufficiently low temperature. Nitrogen is slightly lighter than atmospheric air, and is fourteen times as heavy as hydrogen. It is but slightly soluble in water, one hundred volumes of water at ordinary temperature dissolving only one and a half volumes of nitrogen.
While nitrogen is a constituent of all plant and animal organisms and of many important compounds, it is, in a free state, rather inert toward other elements and does not readily enter into direct combination with them. It is not combustible, nor does it act in the atmosphere as a supporter of combustion, as a lighted taper plunged into a jar of nitrogen will at once be extinguished. Nitrogen is not poisonous, since it is breathed freely along with oxygen by all animals; but it cannot support life, and an animal placed in it will die from suffocation for want of the oxygen necessary for breathing. Its function in the atmosphere seems to be mainly that of diluting the oxygen with which it is there associated. Although nitrogen forms about 79.1 per cent. of the total volume, and 77 per cent, of the total weight, of the atmosphere, the free gas cannot be taken up by plants directly, but it is combined with other elements through the agency of certain bacteria that exist in nodules on the roots of leguminous plants, that is, those that are related to clover, peas etc. Other plants, particularly grasses and grains which require much nitrogen, are dependent upon the combined nitrogen of the soil; hence nitrogenous fertilizers, such as dried blood, ammonium salts and nitrates, as well as ordinary manures, are important in agriculture for use on soils containing insufficient nitrogen. Two of the important compounds of nitrogen are nitric acid and ammonia. This element also is an essential constituent of the proteids or albuminoids, which make an important part of our food, as well as of the alkaloids, most of the dyes and a host of other natural and artificial compounds.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Nome

See also Nome, Alaska on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Nome, the chief town of Alaska, is a large and flourishing port on Bering Sea, at the mouth of Snake River. The richest known gold-fields in Alaska lie within the Cape Nome district near Nome. The city sprang up like a mushroom; for in 1899 there were as yet no wooden dwellings; while in 1907 a water supply, sewage, an electric lighting plant, a railroad and the telephone indicated that the stage of mining camp had gone forever. Population about 2,600.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Nobel Fund, The

See also Nobel Prize on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
No′bel Fund, The, is a fund of $9,200,000 which was founded by Alfred Bernard Nobel, the famous Swedish inventor, for the purpose of providing five annual prizes. Nobel took out the first patent for the manufacture of nitroglycerine in 1863, and in 1867 he invented one of the most useful of explosives, dynamite. The objects for which his prizes are given are these: the most important discovery in physics, the most important discovery in chemistry, the most important discovery in medical science, the work of best literary genius and the best contribution to universal peace. The first awards were made in 1901. The peace-prize was awarded in 1907 to President Roosevelt of the United States of America.
# The North Wind and the Sun

Perry index 46
* "The Sun and the Wind", translated by Roger L'Estrange, in Fables of Æsop and Other Eminent Mythologists (1692)
* "The North Wind and the Sun", translated by George Fyler Townsend, in Three Hundred Æsop's Fables (1867)
* "The Wind and the Sun", translated by Joseph Jacobs, edited by Joseph Jacobs, illustrated by Richard Heighway, in The Fables of Æsop (1894)
* "The North Wind and the Sun", translated by Vernon Stanley Jones, illustrated by Arthur Rackham, in Æsop's fables: A New Translation (1912)
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The Northern Belle

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
76 U.S. 526
The Northern Belle
APPEAL from the Circuit Court for Wisconsin, the case being this:
The La Crosse and Minnesota Steam Packet Company, owners of the steamboat Northern Belle, and engaged in the carrying trade on the Upper Mississippi, undertook to carry for a certain Robson, in their barge Pat Brady, five thousand bushels of wheat from Hastings, in Minnesota, to La Crosse, in Wisconsin, and safely deliver the same, the unavoidable dangers of the river and fire only excepted. On the voyage the barge was sunk and the wheat damaged, and the Home Insurance Company, which had given a policy on the wheat and paid it, filed a libel in admiralty against the steamer and her barge, to recover the loss.
The principal question in issue was the seaworthiness of the barge. The injury occurred May 12th. About the latter part of June following, after another accident and loss of a cargo on the same barge, she was placed upon the ways for repairs. And the depositions of several witnesses who examined her carefully at this time were now before the court. One of these witnesses testified that he found over ninety timbers rotted and gone, so much so that they were not strong enough to make a fastening to. At one point there were four side timbers rotted out, so as to leave about five feet without support. Her floor-timber ends were much decayed. Another witness stated that on one side he found about fifty rotted timbers, some of them entirely rotted off; on the other side about the same, fifteen or twenty of them rotted entirely off. A third witness, a ship carpenter, confirmed this, testifying that the effect of it would be that any strong pressure against her sides or bottom, from getting aground or surging against a steamboat, would cause her to leak; an inference which it hardly needed a ship carpenter to draw for the court.
The evidence in the immediate case showed that on the occasion when the present catastrophe took place, the steamboat was descending the river in the night, when a slight shock was felt on the barge, so slight that it was not communicated to the boat. It did not stop or retard either the barge or the boat, but in a few minutes the former was found to be sinking, and had to be grounded on the nearest sandbar. No rock or snag was proved to be in the river at the place where the stock first occurred.
The Pat Brady was an old barge which had been formerly called Fort Snelling. But about a year before this catastrophe, she had been repaired and sent forth with a new name.
The District Court decreed in favor of the libellant, and the Circuit Court affirmed that decree. The case was now brought here by the packet company.
Mr. Cary, for the appellant; Mr. Emmons, contra.
Mr. Justice MILLER delivered the opinion of the court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The Northern Ditty, or, the Citizen Outwitted by a Country Damsel/The Northern Ditty

THE NORTHERN DITTY.
Tune—Love and Time.
# The Northern Ditty, or, the Citizen Outwitted by a Country Damsel

THE
Northern Ditty;
OR, THE
Citizen outwitted by a Country Damsel.
TO WHICH ARE ADDED,
A TEN YEAR'S SIEGE.
The NEW WAY of the BLIND BOY. The OLD WAY of the BLIND BOY.
GLASGOW, Printed by J. and M. Robertson, (No. 20.) Saltmarket, 1808.
* The Northern Ditty
* A Ten Year's Siege
* The New Way of the Blind Boy
* The Old Way of the Blind Boy
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The Northern Ditty, or, the Citizen Outwitted by a Country Damsel/A Ten Year's Siege

A TEN YEAR'S SIEGE.
Tune—I lo'ed ne'er a Laddie but ane.
# The Northern Ditty, or, the Citizen Outwitted by a Country Damsel/The New Way of the Blind Boy

THE NEW WAY of the BLIND BOY.
# The Northern Ditty, or, the Citizen Outwitted by a Country Damsel/The Old Way of the Blind Boy

The OLD WAY of the BLIND BOY.
Glasgow, Printed by J. M. Robertson, 20. Saltmarket, 1805
# The North Wind (Brontë)

That wind is from the North, I know it well; No other breeze could have so wild a swell. Now deep and loud it thunders round my cell, The faintly dies, And softly sighs, And moans and murmurs mournfully. I know its language; thus is speaks to me 'I have passed over thy own mountains dear, Thy northern mountains - and they still are free, Still lonely, wild, majestic, bleak and drear, And stern and lovely, as they used to be When thou, a young enthusiast, As wild and free as they, O'er rocks and glens and snowy heights Didst often love to stray.
I've blown the wild untrodden snows In whirling eddies from their brows, And I have howled in caverns wild Where thou, a joyous mountain child, Didst dearly love to be. The sweet world is not changed, but thou Art pining in a dungeon now, Where thou must ever be; No voice but mine can reach thine ear, And Heaven has kindly sent me here, To mourn and sigh with thee, And tell thee of the cherished land Of thy nativity.'
Blow on, wild wind, thy solemn voice, However sad and drear, Is nothing to the gloomy silence I have had to bear.
Hot tears are streaming from my eyes, But these are better far Than that dull gnawing tearless [time] The stupor of despair.
Confined and hopeless as I am, O speak of liberty, O tell me of my mountain home, And I will welcome thee.
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The Panchatantra (Purnabhadra's Recension of 1199 CE)/Book 1/The Unteachable Monkey

THE UNTEACHABLE MONKEY
In a part of a forest was a troop of monkeys who found a firefly one winter evening when they were dreadfully depressed. On examining the insect, they believed it to be fire, so lifted it with care, covered it with dry grass and leaves, thrust forward their arms, sides, stomachs, and chests, scratched themselves, and enjoyed imagining that they were warm. One of the arboreal creatures in particular, being especially chilly, blew repeatedly and with concentrated attention on the firefly.
Thereupon a bird named Needle-Face, driven by hostile fate to her own destruction, flew down from her tree and said to the monkey: "My dear sir, do not put yourself to unnecessary trouble. This is not fire. This is a firefly." He, however, did not heed her warning but blew again, nor did he stop when she tried more than once to check him. To cut a long story short, when she vexed him by coming close and shouting in his ear, he seized her and dashed her on a rock, crushing face, eyes, head, and neck so that she died.
"And that is why I say:
No knife prevails against a stone, . . . .
and the rest of it. For, after all,
Educating minds unfit Cannot rescue sluggish wit, Just as house-lamps wasted are, Set within a covered jar.
"Plainly, you are what is known as 'worse-born.' The technical explanation runs:
Sons of four divergent kinds Are discerned by well-trained minds: 'Born,' and 'like-born,' 'better-born'; Lastly, 'worse-born' has their scorn.
'Born' the mother's image gives; 'Like-born' like the father lives; 'Better-born' more nobly acts; 'Worse-born' morally subtracts.
"Ah, there is wisdom in the saying:
By whom far-piercing wisdom or Great wealth or power is won To lift the family, in him A mother has a son.
Again:
A merely striking beauty Is not so hard to find; A rarer gem is wisdom, Far-reaching power of mind.
"Yes, there is sense in the story:
Right-Mind was one, and Wrong-Mind two; I know the tale by heart: The son in smoke made father choke By being supersmart."
"How was that?" asked Victor. And Cheek told the story of
RIGHT-MIND AND WRONG-MIND
# The Panchatantra (Purnabhadra's Recension of 1199 CE)/Book 1/The Shrewd Old Gander

THE SHREWD OLD GANDER
In a part of a forest was a fig tree with massive branches. In it lived a flock of wild geese. At the root of this tree appeared a creeping vine of the species called koshambi. Thereupon the old gander said: "This vine that is climbing our fig tree bodes ill to us. By means of it, someone might perhaps climb up here some day and kill us. Take it away while it is still slender and readily cut." But the geese despised his counsel and did not cut the vine, so that in course of time it wound its way up the tree.
Now one day when the geese were out foraging, a hunter climbed the fig tree by following the spiral vine, laid a snare among the nests, and went home. ​When the geese, after food and recreation, returned at nightfall, they were caught to the last one. Whereupon the old gander said: "Well, the disaster has taken place. You are caught, having brought it on yourselves by not heeding my advice. We are all lost now."
Then the geese said to him: "Sir, the thing having come to pass, what ought we to do now?" And the old fellow replied: "If you will take my advice, play dead when that hateful hunter comes. And when the hunter, inferring that we are dead, throws the last one to the ground, we then must all rise simultaneously, flying over his head."
At early dawn the hunter arrived, and when he looked them over, everyone seemed as good as dead. He therefore freed them from the snare with perfect assurance, and threw them all to the ground, one after the other. But when they saw him preparing to descend, they all followed the shrewd plan of the old gander and flew up simultaneously.
"And that is why I say:
Take old folks’ counsel, . . . .
and the rest of it."
When the story had been told, all the birds visited the old gander and related their grief at the rape of the chicks. Then the old gander said: "The king of us all is Garuda. Therefore, the timely course of action is this. You must all stir the feelings of Garuda ​ by a chorus of wailing lamentation. In consequence, he will remove our sorrow." With this purpose they sought Garuda.
Now Garuda had just been summoned by blessèd Vishnu to take part in an impending battle between gods and demons. At just this moment the birds reported to their master, the king of the birds, what sorrow in the separation of loved ones had been wrought by the ocean when he seized the chicks. "O bird divine," they said, "while you gleam in royal radiance, we must live on what little is won by the labor of our bills. Because of our weak necessity of eating, the ocean has, in overbearing manner, carried away our young. Now there is a saying:
The poor are in peculiar need
Of being secret when they feed:
The lion killed the ram who could
Not check his appetite for food."
"How was that?" asked Garuda. And an old bird told the story of
THE LION AND THE RAM
# The Oak Openings/Chapter 10
### CHAPTER X.

Chapter 9 | The Oak Openings | Chapter 11
# The Oak Openings/Chapter 11
### CHAPTER XI.

Chapter 10 | The Oak Openings | Chapter 12
# The Oak Openings

* Preface
* Introduction by Susan (1861)
* Chapter 1
* Chapter 2
* Chapter 3
* Chapter 4
* Chapter 5
* Chapter 6
* Chapter 7
* Chapter 8
* Chapter 9
* Chapter 10
* Chapter 11
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The Oak (Ward)/Index

INDEX.
THE END.
# The Oak (Ward)/end matter

Layout 2
D. APPLETON & CO.'S PUBLICATIONS.
SIR JOHN LUBBOCK'S (Bart.) WORKS.
"This interesting work—for it is intensely so in its aim, scope, and the ability of its author—treats of what the scientists denominate anthropology, or the natural history of the human species; the complete science of man, body, and soul, including sex, temperament, race, civilization, etc."—Providence Press.
"This is, perhaps, the best summary of evidence now in our possession concerning the general character of prehistoric times. The Bronze Age, The Stone Age, The Tumuli, The Lake Inhabitants of Switzerland, The Shell Mounds, The Cave Man, and The Antiquity of Man, are the titles of the most important chapters."—Dr. C. K. Adams's Manual of Historical Literature.
"This volume contains the record of various experiments made with ants, bees, and wasps during the last ten years, with a view to test their mental condition and powers of sense. The author has carefully watched and marked particular insects, and has had their nests under observation for long periods—one of his ants' nests having been under constant inspection ever since 1874. His observations are made principally upon ants, because they show more power and flexibility of mind; and the value of his studies is that they belong to the department of original research."
The author has here collected some of his recent observations on the senses and intelligence of animals, and especially of insects, and has attempted to give, very briefly, some idea of the organs of sense, commencing in each case with those of man himself.
CONTENTS.—The Duty of Happiness. The Happiness of Duty. A Song of Books. The Choice of Books. The Blessing of Friends. The Value of Time. The Pleasures of Travel. The Pleasures of Home. Science. Education.
New York: D. APPLETON & CO., 1, 3, & 5 Bond Street.
# The Oak (Ward)/front matter

Edited by Sir JOHN LUBBOCK, Bart., M. P.
By Sir Robert Ball, LL. D., F.R.S.
A Study in Natural History,
By William Henry Flower, C. B.,
Director of the British Natural History Museum.
A Popular Introduction to Forest Botany.
By H. Marshall Ward, F.R.S.
In press:
By R. T. Glazebrook, F.R.S., Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge.
# The Oak - It is the last survivor of a race

* From The Literary Gazette, April 1823, as a Fragment
* From The Improvisatrice; and Other Poems (1824), as The Oak
# The Odes and Carmen Saeculare/Book 1/Part 4

IV.
Solvitur acris hiems.
THE touch of Zephyr and of Spring has loosen'd Winter's thrall; The well-dried keels are wheel'd again to sea: The ploughman cares not for his fire, nor cattle for their stall, And frost no more is whitening all the lea. Now Cytherea leads the dance, the bright moon overhead; The Graces and the Nymphs, together knit, With rhythmic feet the meadow beat, while Vulcan, fiery red, Heats the Cyclopian forge in Ætna's pit. 'Tis now the time to wreathe the brow with branch of myrtle green, Or flowers, just opening to the vernal breeze; Now Faunus claims his sacrifice among the shady treen, Lambkin or kidling, which soe'er he please. Pale Death, impartial, walks his round: he knocks at cottage-gate
And palace-portal. Sestius, child of bliss! How should a mortal's hopes be long, when short his being's date? Lo here! the fabulous ghosts, the dark abyss, The void of the Plutonian hall, where soon as e'er you go, No more for you shall leap the auspicious die To seat you on the throne of wine; no more your breast shall glow For Lycidas, the star of every eye.
# The Odes and Carmen Saeculare/Book 1/Part 5

V.
Quis multa gracilis.
WHAT slender youth, besprinkled with perfume, Courts you on roses in some grotto's shade? Fair Pyrrha, say, for whom Your yellow hair you braid, So trim, so simple! Ah! how oft shall he Lament that faith can fail, that gods can change, Viewing the rough black sea With eyes to tempests strange, Who now is basking in your golden smile, And dreams of you still fancy-free, still kind, Poor fool, nor knows the guile Of the deceitful wind!
Woe to the eyes you dazzle without cloud Untried! For me, they show in yonder fane My dripping garments, vow'd To Him who curbs the main.
# The Odes and Carmen Saeculare/Book 2/Part 11

XI.
Quid bellicosus.
O ASK not what those sons of war, Cantabrian, Scythian, each intend, Disjoin'd from us by Hadria's bar, Nor puzzle, Quintius, how to spend A life so simple. Youth removes, And Beauty too; and hoar Decay Drives out the wanton tribe of Loves And Sleep, that came or night or day. The sweet spring-flowers not always keep Their bloom, nor moonlight shines the same Each evening. Why with thoughts too deep O'ertask a mind of mortal frame? Why not, just thrown at careless ease 'Neath plane or pine, our locks of grey Perfumed with Syrian essences And wreathed with roses, while we may,
Lie drinking? Bacchus puts to shame The cares that waste us. Where's the slave To quench the fierce Falernian's flame With water from the passing wave? Who'll coax coy Lyde from her home? Go, bid her take her ivory lyre, The runaway, and haste to come, Her wild hair bound with Spartan tire.
# The Odes and Carmen Saeculare/Book 1/Part 38

XXXVIII.
Persicos odi.
NO Persian cumber, boy, for me; I hate your garlands linden-plaited; Leave winter's rose where on the tree It hangs belated. Wreath me plain myrtle; never think Plain myrtle either's wear unfitting, Yours as you wait, mine as I drink In vine-bower sitting.
# The Odes and Carmen Saeculare/Book 1/Part 8

VIII.
Lydia, dic per omnes.
LYDIA, by all above, Why bear so hard on Sybaris, to ruin him with love? What change has made him shun The playing-ground, who once so well could bear the dust and sun? Why does he never sit On horseback in his company, nor with uneven bit His Gallic courser tame? Why dreads he yellow Tiber, as 'twould sully that fair frame? Like poison loathes the oil, His arms no longer black and blue with honourable toil, He who erewhile was known For quoit or javelin oft and oft beyond the limit thrown?
Why skulks he, as they say Did Thetis' son before the dawn of Ilion's fatal day, For fear the manly dress Should fling him into danger's arms, amid the Lycian press?
# The Odes and Carmen Saeculare/Book 2/Part 1

BOOK II.
I.
Motum ex Metello.
HE broils that from Metellus date, The secret springs, the dark intrigues, The freaks of Fortune, and the great Confederate in disastrous leagues, And arms with uncleansed slaughter red, A work of danger and distrust, You treat, as one on fire should tread Scarce hid by treacherous ashen crust. Let Tragedy's stern muse be mute Awhile; and when your order'd page Has told Rome's tale, that buskin'd foot Again shall mount the Attic stage, Pollio, the pale defendant's shield, In deep debate the senate's stay, The hero of Dalmatic field By Triumph crown'd with deathless bay. E'en now with trumpet's threatening blare You thrill our ears; the clarion brays;
The lightnings of the armour scare The steed, and daunt the rider's gaze. Methinks I hear of leaders proud With no uncomely dust distain'd, And all the world by conquest bow'd, And only Cato's soul unchain'd. Yes, Juno and the powers on high That left their Afric to its doom, Have led the victors' progeny As victims to Jugurtha's tomb. What field, by Latian blood-drops fed, Proclaims not the unnatural deeds It buries, and the earthquake dread Whose distant thunder shook the Medes? What gulf, what river has not seen Those sights of sorrow? nay, what sea Has Daunian carnage yet left green? What coast from Roman blood is free? But pause, gay Muse, nor leave your play Another Cean dirge to sing; With me to Venus' bower away, And there attune a lighter string.