OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Zoological Illustrations/VolII-Pl107

TROCHILUS ensipennis,
Blue Sickle-winged Humming Bird.
Generic Character.—See Pl. 82.
Specific Character.
    T. (div. curvirostræ) aureo-viridis, mento juguloque cæruleo-violaceis; rectricibus paribus; alis falcatis, remigum primorum scapis dilatato-compressis.
    Curved-bill Humming Bird, golden green; chin and fore part of the throat violet-blue; tail even; wings falcated, greater quills with the shafts dilated and compressed.
I have already offered some observations on the remarkable construction in the wings of T. falcatus, figured at pl. 83; and the bird now before us is another unrecorded species, possessing exactly the same formation. I was at first inclined to believe this bird was the male of the T. latipennis, (or l'Oiseau Mouche à larges tuyaux of Buffon), from the under plumage in that species being uniform grey, a common indication of the female Humming Birds; but a further comparison of the two has proved this supposition to be erroneous. They differ, not only in colour, but in their bills; in that of T. latipennis, the curvature is so slight, that it may be almost called straight; whereas in this, the curve is very apparent. I have little doubt future observations will show, that these singular quill-feathers, now known to exist in three species of this family, are peculiar only to the male birds.
This extremely rare bird is in my own collection, and is not improbably unique; the figure is strictly of the natural size; the plumage, above and below, is a uniform deep green, with a metallic reflection; half way down, the throat is dark violet blue; tail even, and very broad, the middle feathers obscure green, the next pair raven or bluish-black, and the others white, with a black base.
The progress which has been made towards ascertaining the geographic distribution of animals, leaves no doubt that this bird is an inhabitant of either the Continent or Islands of South America; but of what particular country is unknown.
# Zoological Illustrations/VolII-Pl109

PAPILIO Harrisianus.
Generic Character.—See Pl. 92.
Specific Character.
    P. (Troj. caud.) Alis atris, subtùs maculis basalibus coccineis notatis, anticis suprà maculo coccineo basali fasciâque albâ, posticis obtusè caudatis fasciâ marginali maculis coccineis sex insigni, fasciâque mediâ albâ ornatis.
    Pap. (Troj. caud.) Wings black; anterior above with a red basal spot and white band; posterior obtusely tailed, with a marginal band of six crimson spots, and central white spot.
I can find neither figure nor description of this very rare Papilio. It does not accord with any contained in MM. Latreille's and Godart's recent monograph of the genus. It was purchased at the sale of the late Mr. Francillon's cabinet, by N. A. Vigors, Esq., whose valuable collections in every branch of Zoology are always open to the scientific inquirer. It is nearly allied to Pap. Tros, Agavus, Ascarius, and Lysithoüs (Godart), particularly to the latter; yet it is obviously distinct from either. These affinities lead me to think that it is a South American insect. The figures will render any addition to the specific character unnecessary.
I have named this insect to commemorate a most assiduous and observing entomologist of the last age, Moses Harris, whose memory will be long cherished by our Aurelians, and to whom the scientific are indebted for the very accurate and excellent figures contained both in his own works, and in those of Drury; indeed, he appears the only English artist who has faithfully represented the short and nearly concealed palpi peculiar to this genus. The son of this excellent artist, still follows the profession of his father, and, inheriting his abilities, deserves every encouragement that the small circle of English entomologists, as well as others, can give him.
# Zoological Illustrations/VolII-Pl102

PAPILIO Nox.
Generic Character.—See Pl. 92.
Specific Character.
    P. (Troj. orb.) Alis immaculatis fuscis, inferis orbiculatis, ecaudatis; fronte, strigâ laterali subthoracicâ anoque rubris.
    P. (Troj. orb.) Wings immaculate, brown; lower orbicular, not tailed; front, lateral stripe on the thorax beneath, and tip of the body red.
The colours of this insect are unusually sombre, and present a striking contrast to the gaudy tints by which the majority of these gay creatures are ornamented; it is so far remarkable, but it is more interesting to the entomologist, as being an unpublished addition to this genus. It was discovered in Java by Dr. Horsfield; and the drawing was made from an unique specimen which I observed while engaged in a long and laborious arrangement of the Linnæan Papilionidæ, (as they now appear at the India House,) collected by that zealous naturalist for the India Company.
Between the nerves of the anterior wings (which are remarkably large) are parallel central stripes, of a darker brown; a character common to many Indian species, but not found, I believe, in any of those from the New World.
# Zoological Illustrations/VolII-Pl105

TROCHILUS recurvirostris,
Recurved-bill Humming Bird.
Generic Character.—See Pl. 82.
Specific Character.
    T. aureo-viridis, jugulo smaragdino; pectore medio corporeque nigris; rectricibus lateralibus subtùs topazinis; rostro recurvo.
    Golden green; throat shining emerald green; middle of the breast and body black; lateral tail feathers beneath topazine; bill recurved.
The extraordinary formation in the bill of this beautiful little creature, is without parallel in any land bird yet discovered, and presents in miniature a striking resemblance to that of the Avoset. It is almost impossible to conjecture rightly the use of this singular formation; but it appears to me not very improbable, that the principal sustenance of the bird may be drawn from the pendent Bignoniæ, and other similar plants, so common in South America, whose corollæ are long, and generally bent in their tube; the nectar, being at the bottom, could not be reached either by a straight or incurved bill, though very easily by one corresponding to the shape of the flower.
The figure is the size of life. Bill black, depressed along the whole length, but more especially at the tip, which is rounded, thin, obtuse, and recurved in both mandibles; the under of which, towards the middle, has a convex swelling, which gives the recurvature a stronger appearance. All the upper plumage and body beneath golden-green; the throat, to the breast, shining with scale-like feathers of a vivid emerald-green. From the breast to the vent is a stripe of black down the middle; thighs white; tail even, the two middle feathers dull greenish-blue, the rest above obscure coppery-brown, but beneath of a rich shining topaz colour.
I believe this bird is unique; I purchased it at Mr. Bullock's sale, and that gentleman received it from Peru. It presents so much of the genuine habit of the Trochili, that I have retained it under that genus; for, though the bill is differently formed, that exception does not point out any important difference from the general economy of those birds.
# How to Use Your Mind/The Plateau of Despond

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# How to Use Your Mind/Mental Second-Wind

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# How to Use Your Mind/Index

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# 10 of Woody Guthrie's Songs/This Land

THIS LAND Words and music by: W.W. Woody Guthrie
CHORUS:
This land is your land. This land is my land. From the redwood forest to the New York island The Canadian mountain to the Gulf Stream waters This land is made for you and me.
As I go walking this ribbon of highway I see above me this endless skyway And all around me the wind keeps saying: This land is made for you and me.
I roam and I ramble and I follow my footsteps Till I come to the sands of her mineral desert The mist is lifting and the voice is saying: This land is made for you and me.
Where the wind is blowing I go a strolling The wheat field waving and the dust a rolling The fog is lifting and the wind is saying: This land is made for you and me.
Nobody living can ever stop me As I go walking my freedom highway Nobody living can make me turn back This land is made for you and me.
# 10 of Woody Guthrie's Songs/True Love

​DONT LIE TO ME
TRUE LOVE . . . . . . . . Woodie GuthrieCollected Version . . . . . . . . Woodie Guthrie
True love. True love. Don't lie to me Tell me where did you sleep last night? I slept in the pines Where the sun never shines And I shivvered With a cold deadly cold I wish to the lord I'd a never been born Or died when I was young I never would a kissed Your sweet sweet lips Nor heard your rattling tongue Tell me where did you get Them pretty little shoes And the dress That you wear so fine I got my shoes From a railroad man Got my dress From a driver in a mine The longest train I ever did ride It was hundred coaches long The only woman My heart ever loved She's on that train and gone Them long steel rails Them short cross ties Ain't got no end I know These long steel rails These short cross ties I'm trampling My way back home Longest old train In this whole wide world Come aroundJoe Brown's coal mine Headlight come around When the sun come up The caboose When the sun went down My husband was A railroad man Killed a mile and a half From here I found his head In an engine wheel But his body They never did find True love true love Tell me where Will you go I'm gonna go Where the cold Winds blow Gonna weep Gonna cry Gonna moan Gonna sigh Gonna dance In my good time clothes Yes my husband was A railroad man Was the best In this high lonesome world The only thing That he ever done wrong Was to miss Just one Little curve True love true love Don't lie to me Tell me where Did you sleep Last night I slept in the pine Where the sun Never shines And I shivvered With a cold Deadly cold
As you sing this song down along the years you will come to like it better and better. And every time you sing it you will sing it just a little bit different. Once of these days and nights you will (illegible text)
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Abyss

See also Abyssal zone on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​ABYSS (Gr. ἀ-, privative, βυσσός, bottom), a bottomless depth; hence any deep place. From the late popular abyssimus (superlative of Low Latin abyssus) through the French abisme (i.e. abîme) is derived the poetic form abysm, pronounced as late as 1616 to rhyme with time. The adjective “abyssal” or “abysmal” has been used by zoologists to describe deep regions of the sea; hence abysmal zone, abysmal flora and fauna, abysmal accumulations, the deposit on the abysmal bed of the ocean. In heraldry, the abyss is the middle of an escutcheon. In the Greek version of the Old Testament the word represents (1) the original chaos (Gen. i. 2), (2) the Hebrew tehom (“a surging water-deep”), which is used also in apocalyptic and kabbalistic literature and in the New Testament for hell, the place of punishment (cf. Eurip. Phoen. for the “yawning chasm of Tartarus”); in the Revised (not the Authorized) version abyss is generally used for this idea. Primarily in the Septuagint cosmography the word is applied (a) to the waters under the earth which originally covered it, and from which the springs and rivers are supplied, (b) to the waters of the firmament which were regarded as closely connected with those below. Derivatively, from the general idea of depth, it acquired the meaning of the place of the dead, though apparently never quite the same as Sheol. In Revelation it is the prison of evil spirits whence they may occasionally be let loose, and where Satan is doomed to spend 1000 years. Beneath the altar in the temple of Jerusalem there was believed to be a passage which led down to the abyss of the world, where the foundation-stone of the earth was laid. In rabbinical cosmography the abyss is a region of Gehenna situated below the ocean bed and divided into three or seven parts imposed one above the other. In the Kabbalah the abyss as the opening into the lower world is the abode of evil spirits, and corresponds to the opening of the abyss to the world above. In general the abyss is regarded vaguely as a place of indefinite extent, the abode of mystery and sorrow.
See G. Schiaparelli, Astronomy in the Old Testament (Eng. trans., Oxford, 1905).
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Abulfeda

See also Abu'l-Fida on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​ABULFEDA [Abū-l-Fidā’ Ismā‛īl ibn ʽAlī ʽImād-ud-Dnī] (1273–1331), Arabian historian and geographer, was born at Damascus, whither his father Malik ul-Afdal, brother of the prince of Hamah, had fled from the Mongols. He was a descendant of Ayyūb, the father of Saladin. In his boyhood he devoted himself to the study of the Koran and the sciences, but from his twelfth year was almost constantly engaged in military expeditions, chiefly against the crusaders. In 1285 he was present at the assault of a stronghold of the knights of St John, and he took part in the sieges of Tripoli, Acre and Qalʽat ar-Rūm. In 1298 he entered the service of the Mameluke Sultan Malik al-Nāṣir and after twelve years was invested by him with the governorship of Hamah. In 1312 he became prince with the title Malik us-Sālih, and in 1320 received the hereditary rank of sultan with the title Malik ul-Muʽayyad. For more than twenty years altogether he reigned in tranquillity and splendour, devoting himself to the duties of government and to the composition of the works to which he is chiefly indebted for his fame. He was a munificent patron of men of letters, who came in large numbers to his court. He died in 1331. His chief historical work is An Abridgment of the History of the Human Race, in the form of annals extending from the creation of the world to the year 1329 (Constantinople, 2 vols. 1869). Various translations of parts of it exist, the earliest being a Latin rendering of the section relating to the Arabian conquests in Sicily, by Dobelius, Arabic professor at Palermo, in 1610 (preserved in Muratori’s Rerum Italicarum Scriptores, vol. i.). The section dealing with the pre-Islamitic period was edited with Latin translation by H. O. Fleischer under the title Abulfedae Historia Ante-Islamica (Leipzig, 1831). The part dealing with the Mahommedan period was edited, also with Latin translation, by J. J. Reiske as Annales Muslemici (5 vols., Copenhagen, 1789–1794). His Geography is, like much of the history, founded on the works of his predecessors, and so ultimately on the work of Ptolemy. A long introduction on various geographical matters is followed by twenty-eight sections dealing in tabular form with the chief towns of the world. After each name are given the longitude, latitude, “climate,” spelling, and then observations generally taken from earlier authors. Parts of the work were published and translated as early as 1650 (cf. Carl Brockelmann’s Geschichte der Arabischen Litteratur, Berlin, 1902, vol. ii. pp. 44-46). The text of the whole was published by M‘G. de Slane and M. Reinaud (Paris, 1840), and a French translation with introduction by M. Reinaud and Stanislas Guyard (Paris, 1848–1883). (G. W. T.)
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Abutilon

See also Abutilon on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​ABUTILON (from the Arabic aubūtīlūn, a name given by Avicenna to this or an allied genus), in botany, a genus of plants, natural order Malvaceae (Mallows), containing about eighty species, and widely distributed in the tropics. They are free-growing shrubs with showy bell-shaped flowers, and are favourite greenhouse plants. They may be grown outside in England during the summer months, but a few degrees of frost is fatal to them. They are readily propagated from cuttings taken in the spring or at the end of the summer. A large number of horticultural varieties have been developed by hybridization, some of which have a variegated foliage.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Abutment

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​ABUTMENT, a construction in stone or brickwork designed to receive and resist the lateral pressure of an arch, vault or strut. When built outside a wall it is termed a buttress.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Abulfaraj

See also Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​ABULFARAJ [Abū-l-Faraj ‛Alī ibn ul-Ḥuṣain ul-Isbahānī] (897–967), Arabian scholar, was a member of the tribe of the Quraish (Koreish) and a direct descendant of Marwān, the last of the Omayyad caliphs. He was thus connected with the Omayyad rulers in Spain, and seems to have kept up a correspondence with them and to have sent them some of his works. He was born in Ispahān, but spent his youth and made his early studies in Bagdad. He became famous for his knowledge of early Arabian antiquities. His later life was spent in various parts of the Moslem world, in Aleppo with Saif-ud-Daula (to whom he dedicated the Book of Songs), in Rai with the Buyid vizier Ibn ‛Abbād and elsewhere. In his last years he lost his reason. In religion he was a Shiite. Although he wrote poetry, also an anthology of verses on the monasteries of Mesopotamia and Egypt, and a genealogical work, his fame rests upon his Book of Songs (Kitāb ul-Aghāni), which gives an account of the chief Arabian songs, ancient and modern, with the stories of the composers and singers. It contains a mass of information as to the life and customs of the early Arabs, and is the most valuable authority we have for their pre-Islamic and early Moslem days. A part of it was published by J. G. L. Kosegarten with Latin translation (Greifswald, 1840). The text was published in 20 vols. at Bulaq in 1868. Vol. xxi. was edited by R. E. Brünnow (Leyden, 1888). A volume of elaborate indices was edited by I. Guidi (Leyden, 1900), and a missing fragment of the text was published by J. Wellhausen in the Zeitschrift der deutschen morgenländischen Gesellschaft, vol. 50, pp. 146 ff.
For his life see M‘G. de Slane’s translation of Ibn Khallikan’s Biographical Dictionary, vol. ii. pp. 249 ff. (G. W. T.)
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Abundantia

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​ABUNDANTIA (“Abundance”), a Roman goddess, the personification of prosperity and good fortune. Modelled after the Greek Demeter, she is practically identical with Copia, Annona and similar goddesses. On the coins of the later Roman emperors she is frequently represented holding a cornucopia, from which she shakes her gifts, thereby at the same time indicating the liberality of the emperor or empress. She may be compared with Domina Abundia (Old Fr. Dame Habonde, Notre Dame d’Abondance), whose name often occurs in poems of the Middle Ages, a beneficent fairy, who brought plenty to those whom she visited (Grimm, Teutonic Mythology, tr. 1880, i. 286-287).
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Abydos (Mysia)

See also Abydos (Hellespont) on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​ABYDOS, an ancient city of Mysia, in Asia Minor, situated at Nagara Point on the Hellespont, which is here scarcely a mile broad. It probably was originally a Thracian town, but was afterwards colonized by Milesians. Here Xerxes crossed the strait on his bridge of boats when he invaded Greece. Abydos is celebrated for the vigorous resistance it made against Philip V. of Macedon (200 B.C.), and is famed in story for the loves of Hero and Leander. The town remained till late Byzantine times the toll station of the Hellespont, its importance being transferred to the Dardanelles (q.v.), after the building of the “Old Castles” by Sultan Mahommed II. (c. 1456).
See Choiseul-Gouffier, Voyage dans l’empire ottoman (Paris, 1842).
# 10 East 40th Street Building Incorporated v. Callus

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
325 U.S. 578
v. CALLUS et al.
Argued: April 6, 1945. --- Decided: June 11, 1945
As amended on Denial of Rehearing Oct. 8, 1945.
Mr. Joseph M. Proskauer, of New York City, for petitioner.
Mr. Monroe Goldwater, of New York City, for respondents.
Bessie Margolin, of Washington, D.C., for Administrator, Wage and Hour Division, U.S. Department of Labor, amicus curiae by special leave of Court.
Mr. Justice FRANKFURTER delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Anjar

See also Anjar on Wikipedia; Anjár in the 9th Edition; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​ANJAR, a fortified town of India, and the capital of a district of the same name in the native state of Cutch, in the presidency of Bombay. The country is dry and sandy, and entirely depends on well irrigation for its water supply. The town is situated nearly 10 miles from the Gulf of Cutch. It suffered severely from an earthquake in 1819, which destroyed a large number of houses, and occasioned the loss of several lives. In 1901 the population was 18,014. The town and district of Anjar were both ceded to the British in 1816, but in 1822 they were again transferred to the Cutch government in consideration of an annual money payment. Subsequently it was discovered that this obligation pressed heavily upon the resources of the native state, and in 1832 the pecuniary equivalent for Anjar, both prospectively and inclusive of the arrears which had accrued to that date, was wholly remitted by the British government.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Ankle

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​ANKLE, or Ancle (a word common, in various forms, to Teutonic languages, probably connected in origin with the Lat. angulus, or Gr. ἀγκύλος, bent), the joint which connects the foot with the leg (see Joints).