# Handbook of the Swatow Vernacular/Exercises (Lesson VII)
## Lesson VII. Exercises.
### section I.
#### 世間

    Sì-kan

#### 天下

    Thiⁿ-ẽ
       The world.

#### 天

    Thiⁿ
       Heaven.

#### 地

    Tī
       Earth.

#### 山

    Suaⁿ
       A hill, a mountain.

#### 海

    Hái
       Sea.

#### 大海

    Tūa-hái
       Ocean. ​

#### 水

    Tsúi
       Water.

#### 海墘

    Hái-kîⁿ
       Sea-coast, sea-side.

#### 塗

    Thôu
       Earth, ground.

#### 樹

    Chhiū
       Trees.

#### 葉

    Hiéh
       Leaves.

#### 大石

    Tūa-chiéh
       Rocks.

#### 石

    Chiéh

#### 石部

    Chiéh-põu
       Stones.

#### 沙

    Sua
       Sand.

#### 人

    Nâng
       Mankind.

#### 男人

    Ta-pou
       Male.

#### 女人

    Tsṳ-níeⁿ
       Female.
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#### 世間個人是惡

    Sì-kan kâi nâng sĩak
       The people in the world are wicked.

#### 天下是闊

    Thiⁿ-ẽ sĩ khuah
       The world is broad.

#### 上帝在天。人在地

    Siãng-tì tõ thiⁿ, nâng tõ tĩ.
       God is in heaven, and men are on earth.

#### 天在上。地在下

    Thiⁿ tõ chīeⁿ, tī tò ẽ
       Heaven is above, and earth is below.

#### 山是高。海是深

    Suaⁿ sĩ tûiⁿ, hái sĩ chhim
       Mountains are high, and seas are deep.

#### 大海個水藍

    Tūa-hái kâi tsúi nâm
       The waters of the oceans are blue.

#### 海墘有人行

    Hái-kîⁿ ũ nâng kiáⁿ
       There are people walking on the sea-side. ​

#### 塗袂肥

    Thôu bōi-pûi
       The soil is not fertile.

#### 樹袂發

    Chhiū bõi-huat
       The trees do not grow.

#### 葉在脫。樹要死

    Hiéh tõ lut, chhiū àiⁿ-sí
       The leaves are falling, and the trees are withering.

#### 在海墘有大石

    Tõ hái-kîⁿ ũ tūa-chiéh
       There are rocks on the sea-side;

#### 有石部。有沙

    Ũ chiéh-põu, ũ sua
       There are stones, and there is sand.

#### 人在世不久

    Nâng tõ sì m̄-kú
       Man is not long in the world.

#### 男人愈壯過女人

    Ta-pou zú-tsàng kùe tsṳ-niêⁿ
       Man is stronger than woman.

#### 有個女人愈賢過男人

    Ũ-kâi tsṳ-niêⁿ zú-gâu kùe ta-pou
       Some women are cleverer than men.

#### 在祖家有多多女人。賢過男人

    Tõ Tsóu-ke ũ ke-ke tsu-niêⁿ, gâu kùe ta-pou
       There are many ladies in England cleverer than men.

#### 唐人個女人少少識字

    Tn̂g-nâng kâi tsṳ-niêⁿ chié-chié pat-jī
       Very few Chinese ladies can read.

#### 院個女人俱皆識字

    Ún--kâi tsṳ-niêⁿ lóng-tsóng pat-jī
       Our ladies can all read.

### section II.
#### 日

    Jít
       Sun.

#### 月

    Guéh
       Moon.

#### 星

    Chheⁿ
       Stars.

#### 風

    Huang
       Wind.

#### 雨

    Hõu
       Rain. ​

#### 雲

    Hûn
       Clouds.

#### 虹

    Khẽng
       Rainbow.

#### 雷

    Lûi

#### 雷公

    Lûi-kong
       Thunder, lightning.

#### 風颱

    Huang-thai
       Typhoon.

#### 湧

    Éng
       Waves.

#### 流水

    Lâu-tsúi
       Tide.

#### 流漲

    Lâu tĩⁿ
       Flood-tide.

#### 流退

    Lâu khó
       Ebb-tide.

#### 日出或未

    Jít tshut a-būe?
       Has the sun risen?

#### 未

    Būe
       Not yet.

#### 月無日向光

    Guéh bô jít hièⁿ-kng
       The moon is not so bright as the sun.

#### 月在浮

    Guéh tõ phû
       The moon is rising.

#### 漸漸高

    Khuaⁿ-khuaⁿ kûiⁿ
       It is getting higher and higher by degrees.

#### 星閃閃光

    Chheⁿ iáp-iáp-sih
       The stars are twinkling.

#### 風大

    Huang tūa
       The wind is blowing hard.

#### 彼欉大樹被風吹倒去

    Hṳ́-tsâng tū-a-chhiū khoih huang tshue tó--khṳ̀
       That large tree has been blown down by the wind.

#### 雨要來

    Hõu àiⁿ-lâi
       The rain is coming. ​

#### 雷公响

    Lûi-kong tán
       The thunder roars.

#### 雷公攝目。了正响

    Lûi-kong nih-mák, lióu chiàⁿ-tân
       The lightning flashes first, then the thunder roars.

#### 雨定着是大

    Hõu tiāⁿ-tiéh sĩ tūa
       The rain is sure to be a heavy one.

#### 唐人講究雷公不對

    Tn̂g-nâng káng-kiù lûi-kong m̄-tùi
       What the Chinese discuss about the lightning is not correct.

#### 唐人此事不曉

    Tn̂g-nâng chí-kâi sū m̄-hióu
       The Chinese do not understand about this matter.

#### 英國人就曉

    Eng-kok-nâng chiũ-hióu
       The English understand.

#### 虹有多多色

    Khẽng ũ ke-ke sek
       The rainbow has many colours.

#### 有紅有白有藍有青有黄

    Ũ âng, ũ péh, ũ nâm, ũ chheⁿ, ũ n̂g
       It has red, white, blue, green and yellow.

#### 還了有

    Huân-lióu ũ
       It has some more.

#### 是雅在

    Sĩ ngiá-tsãi
       It is very beautiful.

#### 咱所有個色是從虹處來

    Nán só-ũ kâi sek sĩ tshông khẽng--kò lâi
       The colours which we have, come from the rainbow.

#### 流漲或是退

    Lâu tĩⁿ a-sĩ khó?
       Is it high tide or ebb tide?

#### 流退

    Lâu khó
       It is ebb tide.

#### 海有湧否

    Hái ũ éng mē?
       Are there any waves in the sea?

#### 有。湧袂大

    Ũ, éng bõi-tūa
       Yes, the waves are not big.

#### 風颱時荒險

    Huang-thai sĩ hong-hiám
       The typhoon is dangerous. ​

### section III.
#### 冰霜

    Piaⁿ-sng
       Ice.

#### 雪

    Soh
       Snow.

#### 濛烟

    Mông-in
       Mist.

#### 露水

    Lōu-tsúi
       Dew.

#### 雹

    Phák
       Hail.

#### 菰

    Kou
       Mould.

#### 天時

    Thiⁿ-sî
       Weather.

#### 四季

    Sì-khùi
       The four seasons.

#### 春

    Tshun
       Spring.

#### 夏

    Hē
       Summer.

#### 秋

    Chhiu
       Autumn.

#### 冬

    Tang
       Winter.

#### 冰霜是寒在

    Piaⁿ-sng sĩ ngân-tsãi
       Ice is very cold?

#### 雪敢是愈寒

    Soh kàⁿ-sĩ zú-ngân
       Snow is perhaps colder.

#### 咱此處罕得有雪

    Nán--chié hán--tit ũ soh
       We seldom have snow at our place here.

#### 日一出濛烟就散

    Jít chék-ē tshut mông-in chiũ-sùaⁿ
       When the sun rises the mist disperses.

#### 樹無露水袂活

    Chhiū bô lōu-tsúi bõi-uáh
       The trees will not grow without dew. ​

#### 許久咱此處不識有落雹

    Hoh-kú nán--chié m̄-pat ũ lóh-phák
       For a long time we have not had hail here.

#### 冬天貧窮人是悽慘

    Tang--thiⁿ khiou-kiáⁿ nâng sĩ chhi-tshám
       In Winter the poor are miserable.

#### 富個人則穿煖

    Pù--kâi-nâng li chhēng-sie
       But the rich are warmly clad.

#### 冬天冷在

    Tang--thiⁿ chhiⁿ-tsai
       In Winter it is very cold.

#### 夏天就𤍠

    Hē--thiⁿ chiũ-zuáh
       But in Summer it is hot.

#### 壹年有四季

    Chék-nîⁿ ũ sì-khùi
       There are four seasons in a year.

#### 在祖家夏天無此處向𤍠

    Tõ Tsóu-ke Hē--thiⁿ bô chié hi èⁿ-zuáh
       In England the Summer is not so hot as here.

#### 冬天愈冷此處

    Tang--thiⁿ zú-chhiǹ chié
       In Winter it is colder than here.

#### 在祖家壹年春天是上好

    Tõ tsóu-ke chék-nîⁿ Tshun--thiⁿ sĩ siãng-hó
       In England Spring is the best of the year.

#### 春天到來草俱皆發

    Tshun--thiⁿ kàu--lâi, tsháu lóng-tsóng huat
       When Spring comes, all the grass grow.

### section IV.
#### 明早

    Mêng-khí
       Morning.

#### 中午

    Jít-tàu
       Noon.

#### 夜昏

    Mêⁿ-hng
       Evening.

#### 上午

    Chiēⁿ-kùa
       Forenoon. ​

#### 下午

    Ẽ-kùa
       Afternoon.

#### 夜昏子

    Mêⁿ-hng-kiáⁿ
       To-night (early.)

#### 今夜

    Ke-mêⁿ
       To-night (rather late.)

#### 日

    Jít
       Sun or day.

#### 月

    Guéh
       Moon or month.

#### 日間

    Jít--kùa
       In the day.

#### 夜間

    Mêⁿ--kùa
       In the night.

#### 日晏

    Jít uàⁿ
       Late in the day.

#### 日暗

    Jít àm
       Late in the night.

#### 半夜

    Puàⁿ-mêⁿ
       Midnight

#### 三更半夜

    Saⁿ-keⁿ puàⁿ-mêⁿ
       Third watch or midnight, (meaning a very late hour at night.)

#### 明早有人來或無

    Mêng-khí ũ nâng lâi a-bô?
       Did any body come this morning?

#### 爾知或不知

    Lṳ́ tsai a m̄-tsai?
       Do you know or not?

#### 我不知

    Uá m̄-tsai.
       I don't know.

#### 中午我不在此處食

    Jít-tàu uá m̄-tõ chié chiáh.
       I am not going to take dinner here at noon.

#### 我中午要去乞人請

    Uá jít-tàu àiⁿ-khṳ̀ khoih-nâng-chhiáⁿ
       I am invited out for noon.

#### 爾何時正要轉來

    Lṳ́ tiang-sî chiàⁿ-àiⁿ tńg--lâi?
       When will you come back?

#### 夜昏正轉來

    Mêⁿ-hng chiàⁿ-tńg--lâi
       I shall not be back until to-night. ​

#### 或者下午亦不知

    Pa-lak ẽ-kùa iā m̄-tsai
       Perhaps in the afternoon, but I don't know.

#### 今夜伊不在

    Ke-mêⁿ i m̄-tõ
       He shall not be at home to-night.

#### 夜昏子伊要來我此處

    Mêⁿ-hng-kiaⁿ iàiⁿ-lâi úa--kò
       He is coming to my place to-night.

#### 我請伊

    Uá chhiáⁿ i
       I have invited him.

#### 伊作有幾多日工

    I tsoh ũ jiéh-tsōi jít kang?
       How many days' work has he done?

#### 伊作有壹個月

    I tsoh ũ chék-kâi guéh
       He has worked one month.

#### 伊日間作。夜間亦作

    I jít--kùa tsoh, mêⁿ--kùa iā tsoh
       He worked in the day, and he also worked in the night.

#### 伊個工是重在

    I kái khang-khùe sĩ tàng-tsãi
       His work is very heavy.

#### 日未暗

    Jít būe-àm
       It is not yet dark.

#### 爾睡到日向晏正走起

    Lṳ́ út-kàu jít hièⁿ-uáⁿ chiàⁿ-tsáu-khí
       You have slept far into the day, before you got up.

#### 下日爾不可睡到向晏

    Ê-jít lṳ́ m̄-móⁿ út-kàu-hièⁿ uàⁿ
       For the future, you must not sleep so late into the day.

#### 日暗着去睡

    Jít àm tiéh khṳ̀-út
       When it is late at night, you must go to bed.

#### 勿到半夜正去睡

    Màiⁿ-kàu puàⁿ-méⁿ chiàⁿ-khṳ̀-út
       Don't let it be midnight before you go to bed.

#### 三更半夜勿去口

    Saⁿ-keⁿ puàⁿ-mêⁿ màiⁿ-khṳ̀-kháu
       Don't go out at such a late hour at night.

### section V.
#### 早

    Tsá
       Early.

#### 早早

    Tsá-tsá
       Very early. ​

#### 天光

    Thiⁿ-kng
       Day-break, dawn.

#### 今日

    Kiáⁿ-jít
       To-day.

#### 明天

    Màⁿ-khí
       To-morrow.

#### 後日

    Aũ--jít
       Day after to-morrow.

#### 大後日

    Tūa--aũ-jít
       A day later than above.

#### 昨日

    Tsa-jít
       Yesterday.

#### 昨夜

    Tsa-mêⁿ
       Last night.

#### 日日

    Jít-jít

#### 排日

    Pâi-jít
       Every day.

#### 明年

    Mêⁿ-nîⁿ
       Next year.

#### 年年

    Nî-niⁿ

#### 排年

    Pâi-niⁿ
       Yearly.

#### 終久

    Tsong-kú
       Always.

#### 次次

    Tsūa-tsūa

#### 吓吓

    Ē-ē
       Every occasion.

#### 明天早爾着早早走起

    Màⁿ-mêng-khí lṳ́ tiéh tsá-tsá tsáu-khí
       To-morrow morning, you must get up very early.

#### 爾不可睡到日晏正走起

    Lṳ́ m̄-móⁿ út-kàu jít uàⁿ chiàⁿ-tsáu-khí
       You must not sleep until late in the day before you get up.

#### 着早者

    Tiéh tsá--chē
       You must be early. ​

#### 今。爾着憶得

    Taⁿ, lṳ́ tiéh it-tit
       Now, you must remember.

#### 不可不憶得

    M̄-móⁿ m̄-it-tit
       Don't forget.

#### 好。我天光就要走起

    Hó. Uá thiⁿ-kng chiũ àiⁿ tsáu-khí
       Very well. As soon as day-break I will get up.

#### 今日我不閒

    Kiáⁿ-jít uá m̄ oíⁿ
       I am busy to-day.

#### 明天正來

    Màⁿ-khí chiàⁿ-lâi
       Come to-morrow.

#### 明天隨何時

    Màⁿ-khí zuãn tiang-si
       Any time to-morrow.

#### 好了。爾好去

    Hó--lō, lṳ́ hó-khṳ̀
       That will do, you may go.

#### 我今日終日在內

    Uá kiáⁿ-jít thàng-jít tõ lāi
       I am at home all to-day.

#### 明天我不在

    Màⁿ-khí uá m̄-tõ
       I shall not be at home tomorrow.

#### 爾免用來

    Lṳ́ mín-ēng lâi
       You need not come.

#### 後日我就轉來

    Aũ--jít uá chiũ tńg--lâi
       I shall be back the day after to-morrow.

#### 我次次來到覔爾不在

    Uá tsūa-tsūa lâi-kàu tshūe lṳ́ m̄-tõ
       On every occasion of my coming, I could not find you.

#### 我昨日來。昨夜亦來

    Uá tsa-jít lâi, tsa-mêⁿ iā lâi
       I came yesterday, and last night as well.

#### 伊終久是如此

    I tsong-kú sĩ chièⁿ-seⁿ
       He is always like this.

#### 伊是惰。做事隨便做

    I sĩ tuãⁿ, tsò-sṳ̄ chhìn-tshái tsò
       He is idle, and does things carelessly.

#### 爾下日不可如此

    Lṳ́ ẽ-jít m̄-móⁿ chièⁿ-seⁿ
       You must not be like this for the future.

#### 爾着如此做

    Lṳ́ tiéh chièⁿ-seⁿ muéh
       You must do it like this.

#### 着記得日日着如此

    Tiéh kì-tit, jít-jít tiéh chièⁿ-seⁿ
       You must remember, and every day do like this. ​

#### 我年年着轉去

    Uá nîⁿ-nîⁿ tiéh-tńg--khṳ̀
       I must go home every year.

#### 我明年要轉去

    Uá mêⁿ-nîⁿ àiⁿ-tńg--khṳ̀
       I shall go home next year.

#### 壹年若是無轉去就不做得

    Chék-nîⁿ nāⁿ-sĩ bô-tńg--khṳ̀ chiũ m̄-tsò-tit
       It will not do, unless I go home once a year.