OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1922 Encyclopædia Britannica/Smith, Sir George Adam

See also George Adam Smith on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
SMITH, SIR GEORGE ADAM (1856-), British divine (see 25.261), was knighted in 1916, and from 1916 to 1917 was moderator of the general assembly of the United Free Church of Scotland. His later works include The Early Poetry of Israel (1912); Atlas of the Historical Geography of the Holy Land (with J. G. Bartholomew, 1914) and Syria and the Holy Land (1918).
# 1922 Encyclopædia Britannica/Smith, Theobald

See also Theobald Smith on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
SMITH, THEOBALD (1850- ), American pathologist, was born at Albany, N.Y., July 31 1859. He was educated at Cornell (Ph.B. 1881) and at the Albany Medical College (M.D. 1883). In 1884 he was appointed director of the pathological laboratory of the Bureau of Animal Industry, in Washington, where for 11 years he investigated infectious animal diseases. At the same time he was professor of bacteriology at Columbian, later known as George Washington, University. From 1895 to 1915 he was director of the pathological laboratory of the Massachusetts State Board of Health, and after 1896 was professor of comparative pathology at Harvard. In 1915 he was appointed director of the department of animal pathology of the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York. He
made important contributions to the relation between human and bovine tuberculosis.
His numerous scientific papers include Investigations into the Nature, Causation, and Prevention of Texas or Southern Cattle Fever (1893); Investigations Concerning Bovine Tuberculosis with Special Reference to Diagnosis and Prevention (1894); Investigations of Diseases of Domesticated Animals (1897); The Agglutinative Affinities of Related Bacteria Parasitic in Different Hosts (1903) and Certain Aspects of Natural and Acquired Resistance to Tuberculosis and Their Bearing on Preventive Measures (1916).
# 1922 Encyclopædia Britannica/Smith-Dorrien, Sir Horace Lockwood

See also Horace Smith-Dorrien on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
SMITH-DORRIEN, SIR HORACE LOCKWOOD (1858-), British general, was born May 26 1858. He joined the army in 1876, took part in the Zulu war and in the Egyptian campaign of 1882 and, attached to the Egyptian army, served at Suakin in 1884 and afterwards on the Nile in 1885-6, for which he was given the D.S.O. He took part in the Tirah campaign of 1897-8 and, showing conspicuous skill in handling troops, was rewarded with a brevet lieutenant-colonelcy. Immediately afterwards he was summoned to the Sudan to take part in the final advance to Khartum; for this he was promoted brevet colonel. He went out to the Cape in command of his regiment in 1899 and was shortly afterwards given a brigade and promoted major-general; he remained in the field in S. Africa, taking part in numerous operations, until the end of 1901, when he was appointed adjutant-general in India. From 1903 to 1907 he acted, first as a district, and afterwards as a divisional commander, being promoted lieutenant-general in 1906. He was then brought home to take up the command at Aldershot, an appointment which he filled with marked success until 1912, when he was transferred to the Southern Command; he was promoted general that year.
On the death of Gen. Grierson in Aug. 1914 while the Expeditionary Force was still assembling in France, Sir H. Smith-Dorrien (who had been given the G.C.B. in 1913) was appointed commander of the II. Army Corps. At Mons, and during the subsequent retreat, the brunt of the enemy's onsets fell upon his troops, and when hard pressed near Le Cateau he found himself obliged to halt and to give battle; by his resolute action he effectually checked pursuit, although his losses were somewhat heavy. He subsequently commanded his corps at the battle of the Marne,
on the Aisne, and during the severe fighting in Flanders in Oct. and Nov. On the splitting up of the Expeditionary Force into two armies he was appointed to the command of the II., receiving the G.C.M.G. for his services. This position he occupied until April 1915, when he returned to England and was placed in charge of one of the Home Defence armies. In the following Nov. he was chosen to take charge of the operations against German East Africa, but he fell ill on the voyage out, was unable to take up the command, and had to return home. He was appointed lieutenant of the Tower in 1917 and in 1918 became governor and commander-in-chief at Gibraltar.
# 1922 Encyclopædia Britannica/Smoot, Reed

See also Reed Smoot on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
SMOOT, REED (1862-), American politician, was born at Salt Lake City, Utah, Jan. 10 1862. He was educated in his native town and at the Brigham Young Academy, Provo, Utah. He amassed considerable wealth as a banker and woollen manufacturer. In 1895 he was appointed one of the presidency of the Utah Stake of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (Mormon), and in 1900 was made an apostle. He was elected to the U.S. Senate from Utah in 1902 and reëlected in 1908, 1914, and 1920. In 1903 attempts were made to prevent his entering the Senate because of his connexion with the Mormon church, and on the charge that he personally favoured polygamy and even that he himself was a polygamist. He was allowed to take his seat; but the matter was placed in the hands of the Senate Committee on Privileges and Elections for further investigation. In June 1906 the Committee by a vote of 7 to 5 recommended that he be unseated; but as the personal charges against him had not been proved the Senate in Feb. 1907 by a vote of 42 to 23 refused to remove him. In 1919 he was chairman of the Republican Senatorial Campaign Committee. In 1921 he was a leading advocate of the adoption of a sales-tax, but failed to obtain its acceptance by the Senate, though the movement was widely favoured in business circles.
# 1922 Encyclopædia Britannica/Smyth, Herbert Weir

See also Herbert Weir Smyth on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
SMYTH, HERBERT WEIR (1857-), American classical scholar, was born at Wilmington, Del., Aug. 8 1857. He was educated at Swarthmore (A.B. 1876), Harvard (A.B. 1878), Leipzig, and Göttingen (Ph.D. 1884). During 1883-5 he was instructor in Greek and Sanskrit at Williams College, and then for two years was reader in Greek at Johns Hopkins. From 1887 to 1901 he was professor of Greek at Bryn Mawr. In the latter year he was called to Harvard as professor of Greek and in 1902 was appointed Eliot professor of Greek literature, succeeding William Watson Goodwin. During 1890-1900 he was professor of the Greek language and literature at the American Classical School at Athens. From 1889 to 1904 he was secretary of the American Philological Association and editor of its Transactions and in 1904 was elected president. He became a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, a member of the American Philosophical Society and vice-president of the Egypt Exploration Society.
His works include The Sacred Literature of the Jains (1894, a translation); The Ionic Dialect (1894); Greek Melic Poets (1900); Greek Grammar for Schools and Colleges (1915); Greek Grammar for Colleges (1920). He was also author of The Greek Language in its Relation to the Psychology of the Ancient Greeks (read before the
Congress of Arts and Sciences at the St. Louis Exposition in 1904); “Aspects of Greek Conservatism” (in Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, 1906); “Greek Conceptions of Immortality from Homer to Plato” (in Harvard Essays on Classical Subjects, 1912) and various contributions to philological journals. He was editor of the Greek Series for Colleges and Schools (20 vols.).
# 1922 Encyclopædia Britannica/Smith, Alfred Holland

See also Alfred Holland Smith on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
SMITH, ALFRED HOLLAND (1863-), American railway official, was born in Cleveland, O., April 26 1863. He began work on the New York Central railway system as a messenger-boy in 1879. After serving as a foreman of construction and in various capacities in the engineering department, he was in 1890 appointed superintendent of the Kalamazoo division of the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern railway. He was successively division superintendent, assistant general superintendent and general superintendent of the Lake Shore road. In 1902 he became general superintendent of the New York Central railroad; in 1906 vice-president of the New York Central system; and in 1914 president. When the American railways were taken over by the U.S. Government Dec. 27 1917, he was appointed assistant director-general and it was he who worked out the form of central and regional administration under which the railways of the country were managed during the 26 months of Government operation. His aim, in which he succeeded, was to keep the management of the roads with their 2,000,000 employees, nearly all voters, in the hands of practical railway-men and, above all, out of politics. He divided the country into two regions and later into seven, each region being in charge of a railway officer of experience and reputation, he himself taking charge of the most important region, the Eastern. These regional directors had complete authority and only broad matters of policy and inter-regional questions were handled by the central (political) administration at Washington. In this way the railways were conducted throughout the war without great blunders or disorganization. On the completion of this important national service he was rcelected president of the New York Central Lines in June 1919. It was largely due to him that the New York Central Lines were greatly strengthened in operating efficiency and financial credit.
# 1922 Encyclopædia Britannica/Smith College

See also Smith College on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
SMITH COLLEGE (see 25.273).—Between 1910 and 1921 Smith College added to its equipment Burton Hall for biology, and the number of dwelling houses for students increased from 16 to 33. The library in 1920 contained 82,000 volumes and the Hillyer Art Gallery had increased its endowment to $100,000 and added largely to its collections. The college abandoned the system of admission by certificate and all students enter by examination. In 1919-20 there were 181 teachers and 2,001 students, of whom 31 were graduate students, and the endowment was $3,157,000, the total assets being over $6,000,000. A campaign for increased endowment was carried on in 1920, with the result that, when the promises were realized, the assets of the college would be over $9,000,000. The college publishes, besides its permanent bulletin, the Smith College Studies in history, modern languages and classics, and contributions of the department of biology. President Seelye was succeeded in 1910 by Marion LeRoy Burton (b. 1874), a graduate of Carleton College, Northfield, Minn., and Yale Divinity School, who resigned in 1917 and was succeeded by William Allan Neilson (b. 1869), a graduate of Edinburgh and Harvard Universities. In the World War the Smith College Relief Unit, the pioneer among American college women's units overseas, worked in 16 villages in the Somme, France, affiliated with the American Fund for French Wounded, and later with the Red Cross, from July 1917 until April 1920, with the exception of the period after the retreat of March 1918 until the following Jan., when the unit operated clubs and canteens and assisted in the hospitals at Beauvais and later behind the American front at Château-Thierry, at Nancy, and in the Argonne. A small group of the Relief Unit worked with the refugees at Orleans in the autumn of 1918. Three Smith Canteen Units were organized and operated under the Y.M.C.A. in France. Another small group worked as a Smith Unit with the Near East Relief in Armenia.
    (W. A. N.)
# 1922 Encyclopædia Britannica/Smith, Francis Hopkinson

See also Francis Hopkinson Smith on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
SMITH, FRANCIS HOPKINSON (1838-1915), American author, artist and engineer (see 25.260), died in New York City April 7 1915. His later writings included Kennedy Square (1911); The Arm-Chair at the Inn (1912); Charcoals of New and Old New York (1912); In Thackeray's London (1913) and In Dickens' London (1914).
# 1922 Encyclopædia Britannica/Smyth, Ethel

See also Ethel Smyth on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
SMYTH, ETHEL (1858-), English musical composer, was born in London on April 23 1858, the daughter of Gen. J. H. Smyth. She began her musical studies at Leipzig in 1877, becoming a pupil of Heinrich von Herzogenberg, then conductor of the Bach Verein, whose wife was an intimate friend of Johannes Brahms. She was thus thrown from the first into a highly intellectual musical society. Her earliest works, principally chamber music, were performed at Leipzig; her first orchestral works being produced by (Sir) August Manns at the Crystal Palace concerts and the symphony concerts started in 1886 by (Sir) George Hcnschel. She also produced a Mass, performed in 1893 at the Albert Hall. Subsequently she turned her attention to opera, her first work in this direction being Fantasia, based upon a book by De Musset (produced at Weimar 1898 and revived at Karlsruhe 1901). This was followed by Der Wald, produced at Dresden in 1901 and at Covent Garden, London, in 1902, and New York 1903; and The Wreckers, produced under the title “Strandrecht” at Leipzig and Prague in 1906, at His Majesty's theatre, London, in 1909, and at Covent Garden in 1910. Her opera, The Boatswain's Male, written for a German theatre, but, owing to the war, not produced there, was produced in London in 1915, and was revived in 1918 and met with considerable success. She also published in 1907 a series of songs with instrumental accompaniment, and in 1913 four orchestral songs. Miss Smyth, who received the degree of Mus. Doc. from Durham University in 1910, became known as a leading militant suffragette, and, besides other music written for the cause, produced The March of the Women (1911). In 1919 she published two volumes of brightly written autobiography and reminiscences under the title Impressions that Remained, and in 1921 another book, Streaks of Life. On Jan. 1 1922 she was created D.B.E.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Vyazma

See also Vyazma on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​VYAZMA, a town of Russia, in the government of Smolensk, 109 m. by rail E.N.E. of the town of Smolensk. Pop. 15,676. It was a populous place as early as the 11th century, and carried on a lively trade with Narva on the Gulf of Finland. In the 15th century it fell under the dominion of Lithuania, but was retaken by the Russians. The Poles took it again in 1611, and kept it till the peace of 1634. It is now an important centre for trade. It has a cathedral, dating from 1596.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Vyernyi

See also Almaty on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​VYERNYI (formerly Almaty), a town and fort of Asiatic Russia, capital of the province of Semiryechensk, 50 m. N. of Lake Issyk-kul, at the northern foot of the Trans-Ili Ala-tau Mountains, at an altitude of 2440 ft. Pop. 24,798. Founded in 1854, it is well-built, provided with boulevards and surrounded by luxuriant gardens. It has a cathedral, being an archiepiscopal see of the Orthodox Greek Church, a school of gardening and sericulture, a public library, and a few distilleries, tanneries and oil works. Situated at the intersection of two roads—from Kulja to Tashkent, and from Semipalatinsk to Kashgar—Vyernyi carries on an active trade in wheat, rice, corn, tea, oil and tobacco. It was the centre of a remarkable earthquake on the 9th of June 1887.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Vyshniy-Volochok

See also Vyshny Volochyok on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​VYSHNIY-VOLOCHOK, a town of Russia, in the government of Tver, 74 m. by rail N.W. of the city of Tver. Pop. 16,722. The place owes its importance to its situation in the centre of the Vyshne-Volotsk navigation system (540 m. long, constructed by Peter the Great in 1703–9), which connects the upper Volga with the Neva. The portage (volok) is less than 17 m. between the Tvertsa, a tributary of the Volga, and the Tsna, which flows into the Msta and the Volkhov (Lake Ladoga); but boats now prefer the Mariinsk system.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Vácz

See also Vác on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​VÁCZ (Ger. Waitzen), a town of Hungary, in the county of Pest-Pilis-Solt-Kis-Kun, 20 m. N. of Budapest by rail. Pop. (1900) 16,563. It is situated on the left bank of the Danube, at the point where this river takes its southern course, and at the foot of the Nagyszál (Ger. Waitzenberg), on the outskirts of the Carpathians. It is the seat of a Roman Catholic bishopric, founded in the 11th century, and contains a beautiful cathedral, built in 1761–1777, after the model of St Peter's at Rome. Amongst other buildings are the episcopal palace, with a museum of Roman and medieval antiquities, several convents, and the principal deaf and dumb institute in the country. There are large vineyards in the neighbouring hilly district, and the exportation of grapes is extensively carried on. Vácz was the scene of two victories gained by the Austrians against the Turks, one in 1597 and the other in 1684.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Vurjeevandas Madhowdas

See also Vurjeevandas Madhowdas on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​VURJEEVANDAS MADHOWDAS (1817–1896), Hindu merchant of Bombay, of the Kapole Bania caste, was born on the 28th of January 1817 at Gogia, in Kathiawar, whence his father came to Bombay with Sheth Manoredas for trading purposes. Vurjeevandas was educated in Bombay, started a new firm under the name of Vurjeevandas & Sons, and soon became one of the wealthiest merchants in Bombay. He was appointed a justice of the peace and a member of the Bombay Port Trust. He took a keen interest in the Royal Asiatic Society and the Bombay university, where a prize has been established to commemorate his name. He constructed the Madhow Bang in memory of his father, and gave it to the use of poor Hindus, endowing it with nearly five lakhs of rupees. He built a rest-house in Bombay in memory of his brother Mooljibhoy, and another one at Nasik. The sanatorium which he built in memory of his youngest son Rumhoredas at Sion Hill is a great boon to the poor people of his community. He also established a dispensary at Matoonga and a fund for the relief of indigent Hindus. He died on the 12th of January 1896.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Vélez-Málaga

See also Vélez-Málaga on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​VÉLEZ-MALAGA, a town of southern Spain, in the province of Malaga, finely situated in a fertile valley at the southern base of the lofty Sierra de Alhama, and on the left bank of the small river Vélez, 1 m. from its mouth and 27 m. by road E.N.E. of Malaga. Pop. (1900) 23, 586. Vélez-Malaga formerly was a place of considerable commercial importance, but its prosperity has much declined; there is no railway, and the town suffered severely in the earthquakes of 1884 and the floods of 1907. The vegetation of the neighbourhood is most luxuriant, including the aloe, palm, sugar-cane, prickly pear, orange, vine, olive and sweet potato. Vélez-Malaga was held by the Moors from 711 to 1487, when it was captured by Ferdinand of Castile. Under Moorish rule the citadel was built and the town became an important trading station and fortress. Its harbour, the Vélez estuary, affords good anchorage and is well sheltered.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Vyatka (town)

See also Vyatka Land on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​VYATKA, a town of Russia, capital of the government of the same name, on the Vyatka river, 304 m. by rail W.N.W. of Perm. Pop. 24,782. It is built on the steep hills which rise above the river and at their base. Its old walls have been demolished, and its old churches built anew. It is an episcopal see and has a fine cathedral. Its manufactures include silver and copper wares, and ecclesiastical ornaments, and it has an important trade in corn, leather, tallow, candles, soap, wax, paper and furs (exported), and in manufactured and grocery wares (imported). Vyatka was founded in 1181 by the Novgorodians, as Khlynov. In 1391 it was plundered by the Tatars, and again in 1477. Moscow annexed Khlynov in 1489. It received the name of Vyatka in 1780.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Vyrnwy

See also Lake Vyrnwy on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​VYRNWY (Fyrnwy), an artificial lake or reservoir in the north-west of Montgomeryshire, N. Wales, constructed for the Liverpool water-supply. It was formed by damming the river Vyrnwy, which runs through Montgomeryshire and joins the Severn above Shrewsbury (see Water-Supply).
# 46th Annual National Thanksgiving Turkey presentation

24 November 1993
Good morning, ladies and gentlemen and boys and girls. It's good to see you here.
I want to especially thank Congresswoman Leslie Byrne for joining us, along with Stuart Proctor, the National Turkey Federation president, and the turkey, clapping for the president – Thomas Bross, the chairman of the federation and a turkey farmer from Pennsylvania who raised this year's Thanksgiving turkey, and the National Turkey Federation staff. Finally, I want to welcome the fourth grade students who are here from Springfield Estates Elementary School in Springfield, Virginia. Welcome to all of you. I'm glad you're here for Thanksgiving.
As President, this is my first year to have the honor of accepting the annual Thanksgiving turkey and granting the turkey the annual Presidential pardon. After this ceremony, this turkey will retire to a 1930s working farm replica in Northern Virginia.
We've come together today to have a little the but also to express our gratitude in this Thanksgiving season for God's many blessings, a time to impress upon younger people the heritage of our Nation and the commitment we all have to justice and freedom and peace.
It's also a time to reach out in service to others not as fortunate as we are. In a few hours, Hillary and I will visit the new Covenant Baptist Church here in Washington where church members and homeless families are coming together to prepare a Thanksgiving dinner. Thanksgiving, when we all bask in the generosity and hospitality of our own family and friends, reminds us that we also belong to a larger community full of people who often are not as fortunate as we are.
It's a time to value those things and to remember how strong we are when we come together to overcome adversity. In the last few months I've had a chance to spend a lot of time in the Middle West, dealing with the floods and their aftermath, and then last Sunday I went to church in California with two dozen people who went through the horrible trauma of the wildfires in the West. And I saw again what people can do when they pull together and remember that we are all in this together.
Tomorrow, I'll have the great good fortune of celebrating Thanksgiving with my family, reflecting on the past year and looking to the future. I'll have the chance to say a prayer of thanks for the many blessings that I have enjoyed. I ask all of you to do that. I wish you well on this Thanksgiving and to remember also our continuing obligations for our fellow Americans who don't have many of the things we take for granted. Together we can make this country stronger and have even more to be thankful for next Thanksgiving.
Thank you very much. And thank you for the applause. Somebody pointed out this morning that this may not he the only turkey I've had in administration, but this is one I will certainly set free.