OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Peacock, Thomas (1516?-1582?)

The ODNB regards the Ipswich post as confusion with another Thomas Peacock.
​PEACOCK, THOMAS (1516?–1582?), president of Queens' College, Cambridge, born at Cambridge, about 1516, was son of Thomas Peacock, burgess of Cambridge, whose will, dated 1528, was proved in the court of the archdeacon of Ely in 1541. He was admitted fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge, in 1534, and graduated B.A. 1534–5, M.A. 1537, and B.D. 1554. He adhered to the old religion; and in the disturbance in St. John's College leading to the visitation by Thomas Goodrich [q. v.], the protestant bishop of Ely, on 5 April 1542, Peacock was one of the appellants (Baker, Hist. of St. John's, p. 116). He subsequently became chantry priest in St. Lawrence's Church, Ipswich, and rector of Nacton, and from 23 April 1554 to 1556 was prebendary of Norwich. On 1 April 1555 he signed the Roman catholic articles promoted by Dr. Atkynson and others (Lamb, Cambr. Documents, p. 175), and on 25 Oct. Thirlby, bishop of Ely, whose chaplain he was, presented him to the rectory of Downham, Cambridge. In 1556 he exchanged his Norwich prebend for one in Ely Cathedral. On the occasion of Cardinal Pole's visitation of the university (11 Jan. 1556–7) Peacock preached in Latin before the visitors in St. Mary's Church, ‘inveighing against heresyes and heretyckes as Bylney, Cranmer, Latimer, Ridley, &c.’ (Foxe, Acts and Monuments, viii. 266). On 31 Jan. 1558 he was presented by the bishop of Ely to the rectory of Barley in Hertfordshire, and on 23 Nov. of the same year was elected president of Queens' College, Cambridge.
Refusing to comply with the change of religion at the accession of Elizabeth, he lost all his preferments. He resigned the presidency of Queens' College on 1 July 1559, in order to avoid expulsion. He made various benefactions to the churchwardens of the parish of Holy Trinity (cf. Reports of the Charity Commissioners, xxxi. 72) and to the corporation of Cambridge. He died about 1582 (see Cooper, Annals of Cambr. ii. 366).
[Cooper's Athenæ Cantabr.; Blomefield's Norfolk, ii. 666; Cooper's Annals of Cambr. ii. 114, 366; James Bentham's Hist. and Antiq. of the Conventual and Cathedral Church of Ely, p. 260; Newcourt's Repertorium, i. 80; Rob. Clutterbuck's Hertfordshire, iii. 385; Addit. MS. 5808, p. 138; Cotton MS., Titus, c. x. 6; Baker's Hist. St. John's College, pp. 116, 335; Browne Willis's Cathedrals, ii. 387; State Papers, Dom., Eliz. 16 March 1559; Charity Comm. Reports, xxxi. 30, 72; Baker MS. xxx. 218, 253, 266.]
W. A. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Peada

​PEADA (d. 656), under-king of the South Mercians, the eldest son of Penda [q. v.], king of the Mercians, was made ealdorman or under-king of the Middle Angles by his father in 653. He desired to marry Alchflæd, or Ealhflæd, the daughter of Oswy, or Oswiu [q. v.], king of the Northumbrians, and went to her father's court to ask for her as his wife, but Oswy refused unless Peada became a Christian. Accordingly he heard preaching, and was further persuaded by his friend and brother-in-law Alchfrith or Alchfrid, who had married his sister Cyneburh or Ciniburga, so that he declared that he would profess Christianity, even though his wished-for bride should be denied him. He was therefore baptised by Bishop Finan [q. v.], along with his thegns and other followers, at a place called At-wall, supposed to be Walbottle, near Newcastle, and, having received his bride, took back with him to his kingdom four priests, Cedd [q. v.], Adda, Betti, and Diuma, afterwards bishop of the Middle Angles and Mercians. With the help of Peada these missionaries had great success, and daily baptised many nobles and sick people; nor were they forbidden by Penda to preach in his immediate dominions (Bede, Historia Ecclesiastica, iii. c. 21). On the overthrow and death of Penda in 655, Oswy made Peada under-king of the South Mercians, separated by the Trent from the North Mercians, who seem to have then become directly subject to the Northumbrian king. At the following Easter-tide, however, Peada was wickedly slain, it was said, through the treachery of his wife (ib. c. 24). He is said to have been one of the co-founders of the monastery of Medeshamstede, or Peterborough, with his brothers Wulfhere [q. v.], Æthelred, and Merewald, and his two sisters [see under Penda].
W. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Peake, Robert

​PEAKE, Sir ROBERT (1592?–1667), print-seller and royalist, born about 1592, was son of Robert Peake, serjeant-painter to James I. His father held the office of serjeant-painter conjointly with John De Critz the elder [q. v.], with remainder to John De Critz the younger, and John Maunchi (see Cal. State Papers, Dom. Ser. 1603–1610). His skill in oil-painting was extolled by Henry Peacham [q. v.] in his ‘Treatise on Limning and Painting.’ The father, who is described as a ‘picture-maker,’ was probably the author of many of the numerous portraits of James I which exist. In 1612 he was in the employment of Charles I, then Duke of York (see Walpole, Anecdotes of Painting, ed. Wornum, p. 220). In 1613 he was employed by the university of Cambridge to paint a picture of Prince Charles, to celebrate the prince's visit to Cambridge and his taking the degree of master of arts on 4 March 1612–13; this portrait still hangs in the university library (see Collected Papers of Henry Bradshaw, ‘On the Collection of Portraits belonging to the University before the Civil War’). Among the elder Peake's pupils was William Faithorne the elder [q. v.] He probably died soon after the accession of Charles I, leaving two sons, William and Robert Peake, who became print-sellers on Snow Hill at a shop near Holborn Conduit, where they also dealt in pictures.
Robert Peake the younger published a number of engravings by Faithorne, who, after studying for three years under John Payne, returned to work under his former master's son. When the civil war broke out Peake took up arms on the royal side. He, Faithorne, and Wenceslaus Hollar [q. v.] the engraver were all among the besieged in Basing House, of which Peake acted as lieutenant-governor under the command of John Paulet, fifth marquis of Winchester [q. v.] Peake, then lieutenant-colonel, was knighted for his services by Charles I at Oxford on 28 March 1645. On the surrender of Basing House in October 1645 Peake was brought to London, and committed first to Winchester House, and then to Aldersgate. He was subsequently released, but exiled for refusing to take the oath of allegiance to Cromwell. After the Restoration Peake was appointed vice-president and leader of the Honourable Artillery Company under James, duke of York. He died in 1667, aged about 75, and was buried in St. Sepulchre's Church, London. A broadside ‘Panegyrick’ was published shortly after his death (Brit. Museum).
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Temple, Thomas

​TEMPLE, Sir THOMAS (1614–1674), baronet of Nova Scotia, governor of Acadia, second son of Sir John Temple of Stanton Bury, Buckinghamshire, who was knighted by James I at Royston on 21 March 1612–13 (Metcalfe, Knights, p. 164), by his first wife, Dorothy (d. 1625), daughter and coheiress of Edmund Lee of Stanton Bury, was born at Stowe (his father's house being leased to Viscount Purbeck), and baptised there on 10 Jan. 1614. His grandfather was Sir Thomas Temple, first baronet of Stowe [see under Temple, Sir Richard, (1634–1697)]. On 20 Sept. 1656 Sir Charles St. Etienne made over to Thomas Temple and to William Crowne, father of the dramatist John Crowne [q. v.], all his interest in a grant of Nova Scotia, of which country the English had become masters in 1654. This grant was confirmed by Cromwell, who regarded the Temple family with favour, and the Protector further appointed ‘Colonel Thomas Temple, esquire,’ governor of Acadia. Temple set out for New England in 1657, occupied the forts of St. John and Pentagöet in Acadia or Nova Scotia, and resisted the rival claims of the French ‘governor’ Le Borgne. At the Restoration Temple's claims to retain the governorship were disputed, but on his return to England they were finally upheld. He was created a baronet of Nova Scotia by Charles II on 7 July 1662, and three days later received a fresh commission as governor. Five years afterwards by the treaty of Breda (July 1667) Charles II ceded Nova Scotia to Louis XIV, and in December 1667 Charles sent a despatch to Temple ordering him to cede the territory to the French governor Sr. Marillon du Bourg. The surrender was not completed until the fall of 1670. Temple was promised, but never received, a sum of 16,200l. as an indemnification for his loss of property. The ex-governor settled at Boston, Massachusetts, where he enjoyed a reputation for humanity and generosity. In 1672 he subscribed 100l. towards the endowment of Harvard College (Quincy, Hist. of Harvard, 1840, vol. i. app.) He joined the church of Cotton Mather, but his morals were not quite rigid enough to please the puritans of New England. He moved to London shortly before his death on 27 March 1674. He was buried at Ealing, Middlesex, on 28 March (Hutchinson, Massachusetts Collections, p. 445). He left no issue.
[Notes supplied by Mr. J. A. Doyle; Whitmore's Account of the Temple Family, 1856, p. 5; Prime's Temple Family, New York, 1896, p. 42; Murdoch's Hist. of Nova Scotia, 1865, i. 134–9, 153; Maine Hist. Soc. Collections, i. 301; Williamson's Hist. of Maine, i. 363, 428; Mémoires des Commissaires du Roi et de ceux de sa Majesté Britannique, 1755 (containing the documents relating to the surrender of Acadia by Temple); Kirke's First English Conquest of Canada, 1871; Winsor's Hist. of America, iv. 145; Cal. State Papers, Amer. and West Indies, 1661–8, passim, esp. pp. 96, 597, 626.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Stuart, Charles (1779-1845)

​STUART, Sir CHARLES, Baron Stuart de Rothesay (1779–1845), eldest son of Sir Charles Stuart [q. v.], general, by Louisa, second daughter and coheir of Lord Vere Bertie, was born on 2 Jan. 1779. Having entered the diplomatic service, he became joint chargé d'affaires at Madrid in 1808, and, being in 1810 sent envoy to Portugal, was created Count of Machico and Marquis of Angra, and knight grand cross of the Tower and Sword. On 20 Sept. 1812 he was made G.C.B. and a privy councillor. He was minister at the Hague 1815–16, ambassador to Paris 1815–30, and ambassador to St. Petersburg 1841–45. On 22 Jan. 1828 he was created Baron Stuart de Rothesay of the Isle of Bute. He died on 6 Nov. 1845. His portrait, painted by Baron Gérard, belonged in 1867 to his daughter, the Marchioness of Waterford (Cat. Third Loan Exhib. No. 80). By his wife Elizabeth Margaret, third daughter of Philip Yorke, third earl of Hardwicke [q. v.] he had two daughters—Charlotte (d. 1861), wife of Charles John, earl Canning [q. v.], and Louisa (d. 1891), wife of Henry, third marquis of Waterford.
T. F. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Stuart, Alexander

​STUART, Sir ALEXANDER (1825–1886), premier of New South Wales, son of Alexander Stuart of Edinburgh, was born in that city in 1825, and educated at Edinburgh Academy and University. Embarking on a commercial career, he went into a merchant's office in Glasgow, then to Belfast as manager of the North of Ireland Linen Mills, and in 1845 to India, whence, not finding the climate suit him, he moved to New Zealand, and eventually in 1851 to New South Wales. After about a year on the goldfields Stuart became in December 1852 assistant secretary to the Bank of New South Wales; in 1854 he was made secretary and inspector of colonial branches. His abilities attracted the notice of the head of the firm of Towns & Co., which he joined in 1855 as a partner.
In 1874 Stuart for the first time appeared in public life as the champion of the denominational system in primary education, and as the ally of Frederick Barker [q. v.], bishop of Sydney. In December 1874 he entered the colonial parliament as member for East Sydney. On 8 Feb. 1876 he became treasurer in the ministry of Sir John Robertson [q. v.], holding that post till 21 March 1877, when the ministry went out. In 1877 he was ​re-elected for East Sydney, but resigned in March 1879, upon appointment as agent-general for the colony in London, though he did not, after all, take the post up. At the general election of 1880 he was returned for Ilawarra, and became leader of the opposition against the Parkes-Robertson ministry, defeating them on the land bill of 1882 [see under Robertson, Sir John]. The ministry dissolved parliament and was defeated at the polls, and Stuart on 5 Jan. 1883 became premier. He at once, and without adopting the usual formal methods, arranged for the appointment of a committee of inquiry into the land laws, and in October brought in a land bill, based on their recommendations, which was discussed with heat and acrimony during the longest session on record in New South Wales, and finally passed into law in October 1884. The question of regulation of the civil service was the other principal matter which had Stuart's personal attention in that session, but at the end of the year the question of Australian federation was much debated, and he was a member of the conference which drew up a scheme of federation. Early in 1885 he had a sudden paralytic stroke, and after a holiday in New Zealand he came back to office so enfeebled that on 6 Oct. 1885 he retired. He was then appointed to the legislative council, and later in the year became executive commissioner for the colony for the Colonial and Indian Exhibition of 1886; after being publicly entertained at banquets at Woolongong and Sydney, he came to England to carry out his special service, but died in London, after the opening of the exhibition, on 16 June 1886. The legislative council adjourned on hearing of his death; but in the assembly Sir Henry Parkes successfully opposed a similar motion.
C. A. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Stuart, Charles (1753-1801)

1904 Errata appended.
​STUART, Sir CHARLES (1753–1801), general, fourth son of John Stuart, third earl of Bute [q. v.], by Mary, only daughter of Edward Wortley Montagu, was born in January 1753. He entered the army in 1768 as ensign in the 37th foot, and in 1777 was made lieutenant-colonel of the 26th foot or Cameronians, with which he served during the American war. In 1780 he was returned M.P. for Bossiney in Cornwall. In 1782 he was promoted colonel, and in 1793 major-general. In 1794 and 1795 he was employed in the Mediterranean, and made himself master of Corsica. In December 1796 he was employed against the French in Portugal, and secured it against invasion. Returning home in 1798, he was made ​lieutenant-general, and directed to take command of the British forces in Portugal and proceed with them to Minorca; and, landing on 7 Nov., compelled the Spanish forces, numbering three thousand seven hundred, to capitulate without the loss of a man. In recognition of his services he was on 8 Jan. 1799 invested with the order of the Bath, and the same year he was appointed governor of Minorca. Shortly afterwards he was ordered to Malta, where he captured the fortress of La Valette. He died at Richmond Lodge on 25 March 1801. By his wife Louisa, second daughter and coheir of Lord Vere Bertie, he had two sons, the eldest of whom, Charles [q. v.], became Baron Stuart de Rothesay.
T. F. H.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.261 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 74 | ii | 8 f.e. | Stuart, Sir Charles (1753-1801): after American war. insert In 1780 he was returned to parliament for Bossiney, Cornwall. |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Pocock, Lewis

​POCOCK, LEWIS (1808–1882), art amateur, born in South London on 17 Jan. 1808, was the third and youngest son of Thomas Pocock, by his wife Margaret Kennedy. He was educated partly in England and partly at Tours in France. He was through life a great lover of art, and in 1837 took the leading part in founding the Art Union of London. He acted as one of its honorary secretaries (George Godwin [q.v.] being his first colleague) from that time till his death, and in the early years of the union devoted much time and labour to his duties. In 1844 Pocock and Godwin brought out, in connection with the Art Union, an edition of the 'Pilgrim's Progress,' illustrated by H. C. Selous. Pocock contributed a bibliographical chapter.
Pocock was for many years a director of the Argus life-assurance office, and in 1842 published 'A familiar Explanation of the Nature of Assurances upon Lives … with an extensive Bibliographical Catalogue of Works on the Subject.' In 1852 he patented a scheme for electric lighting. Pocock was an extensive collector of Johnsoniana of all descriptions. His collection was sold before his death. He was for some time treasurer of the Graphic Society and an active member of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. He died at 70 Gower Street, London, on 17 Oct. 1882, and was buried at Highgate. He married, on 6 Sept. 1 838, Eliza, daughter of George Barrett, esq., and left twelve children.
[Private information; Report of the Art Union of London for 1883; Times, 21 Oct. 1882; Builder, 28 Oct. 1882; Academy, 28 Oct.; Graphic, 23 Dec. 1882 (with portrait).]
G. Le G. N.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Pocock, Robert

​POCOCK, ROBERT (1760–1830), printer and antiquary, born at Gravesend, Kent, on 21 Feb. 1760, was the second son of John Pocock (1720–1772), grocer. He was educated at the free school, and, after a short experience of his father's business, established himself as a printer in his native town. He married in 1779 his first wife, Ann Stillard (d. 1791), by whom he had three children. In 1786 he founded the first circulating library and printing-office at Gravesend (Pocock, Chronology, 1790, p. 14). His first literary productions were some children's books. In 1792 he married his second wife, a daughter of John Hinde (d. 1818), who bore him seven children. He published an excellent history of Gravesend (1797), as well as other contributions to the topographical and family history of Kent. He also wrote a history of Dartford, and some other works, which were never printed.
Pocock was a man of great versatility but imperfect business capacity, and combined the occupations of bookseller, printer, publisher, naturalist, botanist, and local antiquary. He was proud of his collections (see Journals ap. Arnold), but was obliged occasionally to sell specimens. His latter years were passed in comparative poverty. He died on 26 Oct. 1830, and was buried at Wilmington.
Pocock's chief publications were: 1. ‘Pocock's Child's First Book, or Reading made easy,’ n.d., and ‘Child's Second Book,’ n.d. (the two were bound up and sold as ‘Pocock's Spelling Book).’ 2. ‘A Chronology of the most Remarkable Events that have occurred in the Parishes of Gravesend, Milton, and Denton, in Kent,’ Gravesend, 1790, 8vo. 3. ‘The History of the Incorporated Town and Parishes of Gravesend and Milton in Kent,’ Gravesend, 1797, 4to, plates. 4. ‘Kentish Fragments,’ Gravesend, 1802, 8vo. 5. ‘Memoirs of the Family of Tufton, Earls of Thanet,’ Gravesend, 1800, 8vo. 6. ‘Pocock's Gravesend Water Companion, describing all the Towns, Churches, Villages, Parishes, and Gentlemen's Seats, as seen from the Thames between London Bridge and Gravesend,’ Gravesend, 1802, sm. 8vo. 7. ‘Pocock's Margate Water Companion,’ Gravesend, 1802, sm. 8vo. (No. 6 continued to Margate). 8. ‘Pocock's Everlasting Songster, containing a Selection of the most approved Songs,’ Gravesend, 1804, sm. 8vo. 9. ‘Pocock's Sea Captains' Assistant, or Fresh Intelligence for Salt-water Sailors,’ Gravesend, n.d. [1802], sm. 8vo. 10. ‘God's Wonders in the Great Deep,’ n.d. 11. ‘The Antiquities of Rochester Cathedral,’ n.d. 12. ‘Memoirs of the Families of Sir ​E. Knatchbull, Bart., and Filmer Honeywood,’ Gravesend, 1802, 8vo.
[G. M. Arnold's Robert Pocock, the Gravesend Historian, 1883, 8vo, which contains Pocock's Journals for 1812, 1822, and 1823.]
H. R. T.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Pocock, William Fuller

​POCOCK, WILLIAM FULLER (1779–1849), architect, the son of a builder, was born in 1779 in the city of London. He was apprenticed to his father, and then entered the office of C. Beazley. His first essays in art were landscape-paintings; but at the age of twenty he had begun to work as an architect. From 1799 to 1827 he exhibited designs of minor works at the Royal Academy, the most ambitious of which was a ‘Design for a Temple of Fame.’ In 1820–2 he designed the hall of the Leathersellers' Company in St. Helen's Place, and in 1827 the priory at Hornsey. The headquarters of the London militia, Bunhill Row, were designed by him; the Wesleyan Centenary Hall in Bishopsgate Street Within (1840); Christ Church, Virginia Water; and a great number of smaller works. Pocock died on 29 Oct. 1849 in Trevor Terrace, Knightsbridge, London.
He published:
* ‘Architectural Designs for Rustic Cottages,’ London, 1807, 4to; of which new editions were published in 1819 and 1823.
* ‘Modern Finishings for Rooms,’ London, 1811, 4to; also republished in 1823.
* ‘Designs for Churches and Chapels,’ London, 1819, 4to.
* ‘Observations on Bond of Brickwork’ (1839), written for the Institute of British Architects, of which society he was an early member.
[Dict. of Architecture; Redgrave's Dict. of Artists; Gent. Mag. 1849, ii. 664.]
L. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Poe, Leonard

​POE, LEONARD (d. 1631?), physician, whose family came originally, it is said, from the Rhenish Palatinate, was in 1590 in the service of the Earl of Essex. Essex, after many vain appeals to the College of Physicians, secured from that body on 13 July 1596 a license enabling Poe to practise medicine (Hist. MSS. Comm. 8th Rep. pt. i. p. 228). Although he was thereby permitted to treat venereal, cutaneous, and calculous diseases, gout and simple tertian ague, in all other fevers and in all severe diseases he was required to call to his assistance a member of the college (Munk, College of Physicians, i. 149). On 30 June 1598 he was ordered to be imprisoned and deprived of his license, but soon made terms with the college. Despite the suspicion with which the profession regarded him, his practice was large in fashionable society, and his reputation stood fairly high. On 11 Dec. 1606, at the suggestion of the Earls of Southampton, Northampton, and Salisbury, all restrictions on his license were removed. On 12 Jan. 1609 he was made ordinary physician of the king's household (State Papers, Dom. index to warrant book, p. 77), and on 7 July the persistent influence of his aristocratic patrons led to his election as fellow of the College of Physicians (Hist. MS. Comm. ubi supra). He had a mandate on 22 July 1615 to be created M.D., and apparently obtained the degree at Cambridge.
In April 1612 he was one of the three physicians in attendance on Lord-treasurer Salisbury (State Papers, Dom. James I, lxviii. ​104), and was present at his death on 24 May following (Hist. MSS. Comm. 10th Rep. part iv. p. 16). On 6 June 1625 he attended the death of Orlando Gibbons [q. v.], the musical composer, and made the post-mortem (ib. Car. I, iii. 37). He died on 4 April 1631, when Sir Edward Alston [q. v.] was elected a fellow in his place. His son Theophilus matriculated from Broadgate Hall, Oxford, 1623–4, 6 Feb., æt. 15.
W. A. S.