# Moffitt v. Rogers

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United States Supreme Court
106 U.S. 423
Moffitt v. Rogers
This is a suit in equity brought for the infringement of reissued letters patent, dated December 8, 1874, granted to the complainant, John R. Moffitt, for an improvement in the manufacture of heel stiffeners for boots and shoes. The original patent bore date May 21, 1872.
Heel stiffeners or counters, as they are sometimes called, were formerly made by hand, the leather being shaped upon the last while wet by the blows of the shoemaker's hammer. Previous, however, to the date of the complainant's original letters patent ready-made moulded counters were manufactured by placing the counter-blank across the opening of the mould and forcing it into the mould by a plunger or former, or by placing the blank upon the back of the stationary former, and forcing it around the former by the pressure of the mould. Counters had also been shaped on machines by which a rolling pressure was applied. As early as 1853 machines known as the Nichols were employed. This machine had a rotating 'former,' circular in cross-section, which was applied by pressure to another circular roller, conforming to this 'former' longitudinally, the object being to set leather into the proper shape either for soles or heel stiffeners.
In the specification of his original patent Moffitt declared:
'In moulding to shape ready-made counters or stiffeners for heels of boots and shoes made of various materials, but usually of waste bits of leather, a difficulty exists, by reason of the peculiar shape, in getting an equal or sufficient pressure upon all parts of such counter so as to get uniform hardness throughout, and also another difficulty in getting a true and proper permanent form throughout all parts of the same counter, some of it, especially in leather, being of a more spongy nature than other parts. This difference or lack of homogenity prevents a uniform solidity, and precludes the true preservation of the shape which a mould may impart.
'The object of my invention is not only to make more perfect ready-made counters than can be made by any moulding process, but also to make a newarticle of manufacture, viz., a 'rolled' counter, prepared, solidified, and uniformly hardened and set to shape by rolling pressure, such rolling action producing a new as well as better article, and admitting of producing the same from material hitherto found too intractable, such as leather board, sheet metal, etc. Instead, therefore, of shaping the stiffener in mould, I employ no mould of any kind, but use a moving former, A, devised by me, of a shape adapted to give the desired shape to the counters, and set eccentrically on a shaft, B, the shaft being arranged to have a continuous or reciprocating rotary movement, either by hand or by power as described. Beneath this former I place a roller, C, having a profile as shown, the converse of and conforming to that of the 'former,' the shaft of the roller having its bearings in the main frame, D. The shaft of the former has its bearings in a swing-frame, E. F is a treadle-strap, whereby the swing-frame may be pulled down to give any required degree of pressure, and which also permits the eccentric former to rise and fall, as in its movements it rides and rolls over the surface of the counter, the counter-piece being placed centrally upon the 'former' and being rubbed and rolled as well as squeezed between them while being brought into shape.
'The 'former,' as will be seen, projects further from its axis on one side than on the other, so as to conform nearly to the general form of the curves of the inside of a shaped counter. This gives a rolling action in addition to the squeezing over the whole body of the counter.'
The cross-section of the 'former,' as shown by the drawings and model, was elongated, with one or both ends semi-circular.
The specification proceeds:
'The end, g, of the 'former' need not be a plane, as shown in figure 1, but instead may be rounded at its opposite end, as shown in figure 3, so that it may be continuously revolved and in either direction. In such case I prefer to place the shaft in its center, or equally distant from both ends.
'Instead of a single roll, a pair of auxiliary rolls may be used, as shown in figure 4, one on each side of the single one.'
The claims were thus stated:
'I claim (1) the described apparatus for rolling to shape heel stiffeners or counters; (2) I also claim as a new article of manufacture heel stiffeners or counters shaped and compacted by a rolling action, as described; (3) I also claim the process herein described of shaping and setting to shape heel stiffeners or counters by rolling as distinguished from moulding.'
The specification of the reissued patent is substantially to same as that of the original patent, with the following exceptions:
For the term 'rollers,' in the original specification, the words 'supports or rollers' are substituted in the reissued specification, and the word 'mechanism' in the first claim of the reissue.
In the reissued specification the requirement that the 'former' should be set eccentrically on a shaft, and the statement that the former projects further from the axis on one side than the other, are omitted.
The claims of the reissued patent are as follows:
(1) In a machine for making counters or stiffeners for boots and shoes, a turning or revolving former in combination with mechanism for holding and shaping the blank over it; (2) the revolving or turning counter-former, A, in combination with a supporting roll or rolls for rolling or for rolling and flanging blank stock into heel stiffeners, substantially as shown and described; (3) the process described of forming the heel-seat of a counter by means of a former having a motion about a center, and which gives to the heel-seat a drawing or rubbing action against a flange or bearing surface in addition to the rolling action.
The infringement charged against the defendants was in the use by them of the device described in the reissued letters patent of Louis Cote, dated June 2, 1874.
The specification of this patent declares:
'The invention or machine consists of a rotary head of a spherical, spheroidal, or sphero-cylindrical shape, fixed upon and concentrically with a rotary shaft, in combination with a stationary mould correspondingly or approximately so concaved, whereby, by the revolution of the said rotary head within the mould, a piece of leather of suitable form introduced between them may be drawn into and through the concavity of the mould, and receive a curved form lengthwise and withdrawn, and thereby be adapted for use as a stiffening for a boot or shoe.'
A clear idea of the contrivance covered by the Cote patent may be derived from the drawings which illustrated the specification.
On final hearing of the cause the circuit court dismissed the bill and the complainant appealed.
Geo. Harding and W. A. Macleod, for appellant.
T. L. Wakefield and Chauncey Smith, for appellees.
WOODS, J.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse