OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Scandrett, Stephen

​SCANDRETT, SCANDRET, or SCANDERET, STEPHEN (1631?–1706), puritan divine, born about 1631, was a son of the yeoman of the wardrobe of Charles I. He matriculated at Wadham College, Oxford, 16 Dec. 1654, and graduated B.A. 19 March 1656–7, and M.A. 28 June 1659. He was incorporated at Cambridge in the latter year, and became ‘conduct’ of Trinity College. At the Restoration he declined to obey the order of Dr. Duport, the vice-master, to read the service-book in the college chapel. After an unseemly altercation he was expelled from his office by Dr. Ferne, the master (Browne, Congregationalism in Norfolk and Suffolk, p. 503; Davids, Nonconformity in Essex, p. 623). He became assistant to Mr. Eyres at Haverhill, Suffolk (he was never rector of Haverhill), and, having received presbyterian ordination, was prosecuted in the ecclesiastical courts for preaching after having been silenced in 1662. He was excommunicated, and afterwards sent to Bury and Ipswich gaols (Calamy, Account, p. 655) for preaching at Walsham-le-Willows. At a later date he preached at Waterbeach, Cambridgeshire, and was again ​prosecuted. In 1668–9 Scandrett had two public disputes in Essex with George Whitehead, the quaker, which led to the publication of Ludgater's 'The Glory of Christ's Light within expelling Darkness, being the sum of Controversy between G. Whitehead and S. Scandret,' 1669, 4to. The latter part of this tract is by George Whitehead (see Smith, Catalogue of Friends' Books, ii. 126). In reply to Whitehead and Ludgater Scandrett wrote 'An Antidote against Quakerisme,' London, 1671, 4to; it was answered in Ludgater's 'The Presbyter's Antidote choking himself' (no date, no place).
In 1672, on a petition in his behalf, the house of Joseph Alders, adjoining Scandrett's house at Haverhill, was licensed for Scandrett. After the revolution he preached in the places around Haverhill, and, dying there on 8 Dec. 1706, was buried on 12 Dec. in the chancel of Haverhill church. His wife was buried there, 15 May 1717.
Scandrett also published 'Doctrine and Instructions, or a Catechism touching many weighty Points of Divinity,' 8vo, 1674.
W. A. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Scardeburg, Robert de

1904 Errata appended. Sir Robert Scardeburgh in the ODNB.
​SCARDEBURG, ROBERT de (fl. 1341), judge, perhaps a nephew of Robert de Scardeburg, archdeacon of the East Riding and dean of York from 1279 to 1290, derived his name from Scarborough in the North Riding of Yorkshire. He was in a commission of assize for Guernsey, Jersey, Sark, and Alderney in 1331, and the same year was made chief justice of the common pleas in Ireland. On vacating that office in 1334 he was appointed a judge of the king's bench in England. He was in a commission of array for Yorkshire in 1339, and on 6 Sept. exchanged his seat at the king's bench for a judgeship of the common pleas. He returned to the king's bench on 3 Jan. 1341, and continued as judge there until 1344, when he was again appointed chief justice of the common pleas in Ireland, having the custody of the seals of the two benches there, with the fees appertaining. Foss points out that he must be distinguished from Robert de Scorburgh [q. v.], a baron of the exchequer in 1332.
[Foss's Judges, iii. 489–90; Dugdale's Orig. Jurid., Chron. Ser. pp. 41–2; Rot. Orig. Abbrev. ii. 57, 166; Cal. Rot. Pat. pp. 113, 117, 135, 149 (both Record Publ.).]
W. H.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.241 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 398 | i | 26 | Scardeburg, Robert de: for East Riding read North Riding |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Scambler, Edmund

​SCAMBLER, EDMUND (1510?–1594), bishop of Peterborough and Norwich, was born at Gressingham, Lancashire, about 1510. He was educated at Peterhouse, Queens', and Jesus Colleges at Cambridge, graduating B.A. in 1541–2. He no doubt took orders at once, as during the reign of Mary he is mentioned as one of the ministers of a secret protestant congregation in London, and is noted as having been in great danger (Strype, Memorials, III. ii. 132, 147, Parker, ii. 458). At the accession of Elizabeth he became vicar of Rye and chaplain to Parker (ib. and iii. 284). Promotion came rapidly. In 1560 he became successively prebendary of York and canon of Westminster. On 16 Feb. 1560–1 he was elected, through Cecil's influence, it is said, bishop of Peterborough, and he is reported to have made certain grants to Cecil out of the estates of the see. On 22 Feb. 1560–1 he preached before the queen ‘in his rochet and chimere.’ He acted in a similar capacity on several public occasions (Strype, Annals, I. i. 300, 369, 400, Parker, iii. 135). He subscribed the articles of 1562. In 1564 he was created D.D. at Cambridge, and in 1584 he was incorporated at Oxford. At Peterborough he seems to have been active (ib. i. 509). He took part in 1571 in the establishment of the exercises for the interpretation of scripture at Northampton (Strype, Grindal, p. 260). He is mentioned as writing to Burghley about the readjustment of a local tax in 1579 (Strype, Annals, II. ii. 269). He tried to get new statutes for the cathedral confirmed in 1582 (ib. III. i. 159). He was translated to Norwich, 15 Dec. 1584, and confirmed on 15 Jan. following. He grumbled in 1585 about certain acts of his predecessor, but, as Strype remarks, the same complaint might be made of his own wasteful conduct at Peterborough; Wharton indeed suggests that he ruined both sees (Strype, Cranmer, p. 1055). In 1588 he condemned Francis Kett [q. v.] for heresy. He died on 7 May 1594, and was buried in Norwich Cathedral, where there was a tomb to his memory, which was destroyed in the civil wars. Scambler was married, and in his will refers to sons—Thomas, Adam, James, and Edward—and two daughters. Adam Scambler, J.P., died in Norfolk on 18 Sept. 1641.
Besides ‘Articuli xxiii Religionis’ and an ‘Injunction’ (1569) Scambler published ‘E. Schambler, vicar of Pie … his Medicine proved for a Desperate Conscience,’ London, n.d. He prepared translations of St. Luke and St. John for ‘The Bishops' Bible.’
W. A. J. A.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Scarle, John de

​SCARLE, JOHN de (d. 1403?), chancellor, no doubt derived his name from Scarle in Lincolnshire, in which county a family of the name occurs in the reign of Edward III (Abbrev. Rot. Orig. ii. 121, 155). He was acting as a clerk in chancery on 8 July 1378 (Cal. Pat. Rolls, Richard II, i. 259). On 6 April 1379 he was collated to a prebend at Aberguylly, and on 19 July 1379 exchanged his living of Holm-by-the-Sea, Norfolk, for the living of South Kelsey, Lincolnshire (ib. i. 329, 373). He was a receiver of petitions from Gascony in the parliaments of October 1382, November 1383, and April 1384 (Rot. Parl. iii. 133, 150, 166), and of petitions from England, Ireland, Wales, and Scotland, in the parliament of November 1384, and in each succeeding parliament down to February 1397; he was also clerk of the parliament from November 1384 to February 1397 (ib. iii. 184–337). On 22 July 1394 he was made keeper of the rolls, and in this capacity had several times custody of the great seal, as in October November 1396 (Fœdera, vii. 809, 840). On 11 Sept. 1397 Scarle resigned his office at the rolls, and once more became a clerk in chancery (Blomefield, Hist. Norfolk, i. 118). After the arrest of Richard II, he was appointed chancellor on 5 Sept. 1399, and was continued in that office on the accession of Henry IV, till 9 March 1401 (Fœdera, viii. 181). He was present in the council, March 1401, 5 July, and 24 Aug. 1401; in January 1403 he was one of the commissioners in the proceedings concerning the alien priories (Nicolas, Proceedings and Ordinances of the Privy Council, i. 126, 146, 168, 191–7). On 27 Sept. 1401 Scarle was appointed archdeacon of Lincoln, and was admitted 1 Dec. following; according to Le Neve, the archdeaconry was voided by Scarle's death before 29 April 1403 (Fasti Eccl. Angl. ii. 45). If this is correct, he cannot be the John Scarle who received the livings of Mannington and Saxthorp, Norfolk, in 1404 (Blomefield, Hist. Norfolk, vi. 467). Scarle's house in London was in Chancery Lane, on the site of what was afterwards Serjeants' Inn.
[Annales Henrici Quarti, p. 282, ap. Chron. Trokelowe, Blaneford, &c.; Royal Letters, Henry IV, p. 31 (Rolls Ser.); Wylie's Hist. of England under Henry IV, i. 28, 32, 172; Foss's Judges of England; other authorities quoted.]
C. L. K.
# Dictionary of Spoken Russian/Russian-English/Section 8

§8. ABBREVIATED NOUNS
Abbreviations, such as СССР (for Союз Советских Социалистических Республик "Union of Soviet Socialist Republics") are pronounced by the names of the letters, with stress on the last: [es-es-es-er], and are indeclinable nouns. They are M when the name of the last letter ends in a consonant; when the name of the last letter ends in a vowel they have the gender of the noun in the full expression: for instance, ВКП [ve-ka-pe], for Всесоюзная Коммунистическая Партя "All-Russian Communist Party," feminine because партя is feminine.
# Dictionary of Spoken Russian/Russian-English/Section 9

§9. VARIATIONS OF SOUND AND SPELLING IN NOUNS
Throughout the declension of nouns the habits of §3 and §4 will apply; we do not mention them specially for each noun.
сад [sat], but gs сада [sada] кубок [kub'k], but gs кубка [kupka] сад, np сады, but ключ, np ключи [-kji]; is with ending [-om]: столом, отцом, стулом, but рулём, музеем, автомобилем, перцем
Note especially the insertion of vowels when there is no ending.
трубка [-pk-], gp трубок [-b'k] ​ложка [-šk-], gp ложек [-ž'k] кухня, gp кухонь овца, gp овец сестра, gp сестёр
but, for instance, звезда, gp звёзд; битва, gp витв, because [d] and [v] are not among the consonants before which a vowel is inserted.
# Dictionary of Spoken Spanish

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TM 30-900
WAR DEPARTMENT TECHNICAL MANUAL
Dictionary of
SPOKEN SPANISH
SPANISH-ENGLISH ENGLISH-SPANISH
WAR DEPARTMENT
13 NOVEMBER 1945
WAR DEPARTMENT TECHNICAL MANUAL TM 30-900
Dictionary of SPOKEN SPANISH
SPANISH-ENGLISH ENGLISH-SPANISH
WAR DEPARTMENT WASHINGTON, D. C. 13 NOVEMBER 1945
WAR DEPARTMENT Washington 25, D. C, 13 November 1945
TM 30-900, Dictionary of Spoken Spanish, is published for the information and guidance of all concerned.
[AG 300.7 (13 Nov 45)]
    By order of the Secretary of War:
Official:G. C. MARSHALL Chief of Staff
    EDWARD F. WITSELL
    Major General
    Acting The Adjutant General
Distribution:
Refer to FM 21-6 for explanation of distribution formula.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Dictionary of Spoken Spanish/Abbreviations

Abbreviations and Symbols Used in this Dictionary
Abbreviations
Symbols
In the vocabularies the symbol $^▲$ denotes an additional translation of the preceding boldface term. The symbol ○ denotes idiomatic phrases and reflexive forms. The symbol || introduces idiomatic sentences in which the boldface term is not translatable alone.
# Dictionary of Spoken Russian/Russian-English/Section 7

§7. NOUNS WITH ПОЛ-
When nouns are compounded with пол- "half" they have the endings of the gs in the ns and as form; in all other case forms they have the usual endings, but пол- then optionally appears as полу-. Thus beside дюжина "dozen," as дюжину, gs дюжины, is дюжиной, there is полдюжины "half dozen," as полдюжины , gs полдюжины or полудюжины, is полдюжиной or полудюжиной, and so on.
In the nouns полдень "noon" and полночь "midnight," пол- has another meaning, and the inflection, though irregular, is different.
Nouns with the prefix in the form полу- do not have the above peculiarity; thus, полуостров "peninsula" inflects just like остров "island."
# Dictionary of Spoken Spanish/Part 1

* Grammatical Introduction
* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* Ñ
* O
* P
* Q
* R
* S
* T
* U
* V
* Y
* Z
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Veitch, James

​VEITCH, JAMES, Lord Eliock (1712–1793), Scottish judge, son of William Veitch of Boigend and Eliock, writer to the signet, Edinburgh, was born on 25 Sept. 1712. After serving an apprenticeship with his father, he was called to the Scottish bar on 15 Feb. 1738. Shortly afterwards he visited the continent, where he became a favourite of Frederick the Great at his court. On returning to Scotland, he kept up a correspondence with his majesty. On 13 July 1747 he was appointed sheriff-depute of the county of Peebles, in 1755 was elected representative in parliament for Dumfriesshire, and continued member for the county till 1760. In 1761 he was elevated to the bench in the room of Andrew Macdowall (lord Bankton) [q. v.], and took his seat on 6 March by the title of Lord Eliock. He died at Edinburgh on 1 July 1793. He was unmarried, and was succeeded by his nephew. ‘His lordship,’ say Brunton and Haig, ‘was endowed with mental abilities of the first order, and was generally allowed to be one of the most accomplished scholars of his time.’
[Books of Sederunt; Brunton and Haig's Senators of the College of Justice, pp. 525–6; Gent. Mag. 1793, ii. 675; Scots Mag. 1793, p. 361; Foster's Members of Parliament of Scotland, p. 347.]
G. S-h.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Velley, Thomas

​VELLEY, THOMAS (1748?–1806), botanist, born at Chipping Ongar, Essex, in 1748 or 1749, was son of the Rev. Thomas Velley of that town. He matriculated from St. John's College, Oxford, on 19 March 1766, and graduated B.C.L. in 1772. He became lieutenant-colonel of the Oxford militia, and was made D.C.L. of the university in 1787. He resided for many years at Bath, and devoted himself to botany, and especially to the study of algæ, collecting chiefly along the south coast. He was the friend and correspondent of Sir James Edward Smith [q. v.], Dawson Turner [q. v.], John Stackhouse [q. v.], Sir Thomas Gery Cullum [q. v.], Sir William Watson [q. v.], and Richard Relhan [q. v.], and became a fellow of the Linnean Society in 1792. Jumping from a runaway stage-coach at Reading on 6 June 1806, he fell and suffered a concussion of the brain, from which he died on 8 June. His extensive and annotated herbarium, illustrated by numerous dissections and microscopic drawings of grasses and other flowering plants, and especially of algæ, which occupy eight folio volumes, was purchased from his widow by William Roscoe [q. v.] for the Liverpool Botanical Garden. Sir James Edward Smith in 1798 gave the name Velleia, in his honour, to an Australasian genus of flowering plants. Velley's only independent work was ‘Coloured Figures of Marine Plants found on the Southern Coast of England, illustrated with Descriptions …,’ London, 1795, folio, pp. 38, with five coloured plates. He is credited with four papers in the Royal Society's ‘Catalogue’ (vi. 131), of which the last is, however, the work of Sir J. E. Smith.
[Foster's Alumni Oxonienses, 1715–1886; Gentleman's Magazine, 1806, i. 588; Naturalist, 1839, iv. 398.]
G. S. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Veitch, William (1794-1885)

​VEITCH, WILLIAM (1794–1885), classical scholar, son of a miller and farmer, was born at Spittal-on-Rule, parish of Bedrule, Roxburghshire, in 1794. Receiving his elementary education at Jedburgh, he studied for the church at Edinburgh University, where Edward Irving and Carlyle were among his contemporaries. He became a licentiate of the church of Scotland, and preached occasionally before the secession of 1843, afterwards devoting himself to research and tuition. His rare scholarship failed to secure for him the Edinburgh Greek chair in 1851, when John Stuart Blackie was preferred. He continued to read with advanced classical pupils, and to advise and assist scholarly writers. In 1866 he received the honorary degree of LL.D. from Edinburgh University. Fond of sport, and a skilled raconteur, he fascinated his guests, both in his Edinburgh quarters and in his holiday cottage at Langton, Teviotdale, with stories of the Perthshire moors and the Border streams. He died a bachelor in Edinburgh on 8 July 1885, and was buried in the Dean cemetery of the city. In 1880 his friends presented him with his portrait, painted by James Irvine. It is now in the National Portrait Gallery, Edinburgh.
Veitch early edited Cicero's ‘De Natura Deorum,’ and in 1848 he issued his massive work, ‘Greek Verbs, Irregular and Defective,’ which straightway gained him a European reputation. New editions, attesting the author's successful persistence in wide and minute study, appeared in 1852, 1865, 1878, and 1887. He collaborated with Liddell and Scott in the later editions of their ‘Greek Lexicon,’ and he also helped in the elaboration of Smith's ‘Latin-English Dictionary.’ He edited the ‘Iliad’ in 1852 (2nd edit. 1863), and he prepared a new edition of Sir Daniel Keyte Sandford's ‘Extracts from Greek Authors,’ with notes and vocabulary. Various other standard works of reference and educational books profited by Veitch's scholarship. His reviews of classical and kindred works frequently graced the columns of the ‘Edinburgh Courant.’
[Scotsman 10 July 1885; Thomson's Day-Dreams of a Schoolmaster; Scottish Church Mag. November 1885; Chambers's Encyclopædia; Irving's Book of Eminent Scotsmen.]
T. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Veley, Margaret

​VELEY, MARGARET (1843–1887), novelist and poet, was the second daughter of Augustus Charles Veley, by his wife Sophia, daughter of Thomas Ludbey, rector of Cranham. She was born on 12 May 1843 at Braintree, Essex, where her father practised as a solicitor, being mainly occupied with the ecclesiastical business of the district. Margaret was educated at home with the exception of one term spent at Queen's College, Tufnell Park. She became proficient in French literature. Although she began early to write both prose and verse, she published nothing until 1870. Her first poem, ‘Michaelmas Daisies,’ appeared in the ‘Spectator’ in the April of that year, and in September she published a short story, ‘Milly's First Love,’ in ‘Blackwood's Magazine.’ In 1872 she began her best and most successful novel, ‘For Percival.’ It appeared ​as a serial in the ‘Cornhill Magazine’ (September–December 1878), then under the editorship of Mr. Leslie Stephen. It was immediately published in book form, and was well received. Written in a clear and pointed style, it showed a strong sense of humour and keen perception of character. Melancholy consequent on the deaths of two of Miss Veley's married sisters in 1877 and 1885 and of her father in 1879, strongly affected her later writings. In 1880 she removed to London. The stories ‘Mrs. Austin’ and ‘Damocles’ appeared serially in the ‘Cornhill’ in 1880 and 1882 respectively. ‘Mitchelhurst Place’ appeared serially in ‘Macmillan's Magazine’ in 1884, and there was a two-volume edition in that year, and an edition in one volume in 1885. ‘A Garden of Memories’ ran through the ‘English Illustrated Magazine’ from July to September 1886, and was published in two volumes in 1887.
Miss Veley died on 7 Dec. 1887, after a short illness. She was buried on 10 Dec. in Braintree cemetery.
Miss Veley, who took interest in many things besides literature, was very shy and completely free from vanity. A volume of her poems, ‘A Marriage of Shadows,’ published after her death in 1888, was prefaced by a biographical introduction by (Sir) Leslie Stephen.
[Allibone's Dict. Suppl. ii. 1466; Leslie Stephen's introduction to ‘A Marriage of Shadows,’ 1888.]
E. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Veitch, William (1640-1722)

​VEITCH, WILLIAM (1640–1722), covenanter, younger son of John Veitch, minister of Roberton, Lanarkshire, was born on 27 April 1640. He studied at the university of Glasgow, where he graduated M.A. in 1659; and in 1660 he became tutor to the family of Sir Andrew Ker of Greenhead at the university of Edinburgh. About 1664 he took license as a preacher and joined the presbyterians; but, being forfeited in 1667 for having been at Mauchline and the Pentlands, he escaped to England, where he lived under the name of Johnson. For some time he was chaplain to the wife of the mayor of Newcastle; and, after preaching in London and other places, he was in 1671 ordained minister of a meeting-house at Faldlees and afterwards at Hanamhall in the parish of Rothbury, Northumberland, whence four years afterwards he removed to Seaton Hall in the parish of Longhorsly. On 16 Jan. 1679 he was apprehended, while living there under the name of Johnson, but having been on 22 Feb. sisted before the committee of public affairs in Edinburgh, he was sent to imprisonment on the Bass Rock. On 17 July following he was, however, set at liberty, and ​returned to Northumberland. When in December 1681 the Earl of Argyll escaped from prison, Veitch not only sheltered him in his house, but, being an adept in the shifts of a fugitive from justice, conducted him safely to London. Veitch had soon afterwards to make his own escape to Holland (in 1683), but during the Monmouth rising of 1685 was sent to Northumberland to foment an outbreak there. The Argyll fiasco put an end to the project; and, after remaining for some time in hiding under various names, Veitch became minister of a meeting-house at Beverley, Yorkshire, where he remained six or seven months. Returning to Scotland, he was called to the parish of Whittonhall in the presbytery of Kelso, where he was admitted in April 1688. In 1690 he was translated to Peebles, and in 1694 to Dumfries. He demitted his charge on 8 Dec. 1714, and died on 8 May 1722. His wife, Marion Fairlie of the house of Braid, was author of a diary which was published by the free church of Scotland in 1846. She died a day after her husband, and was buried in the same grave. By her Veitch had five sons and five daughters. The second son, Samuel, who adopted the spelling Vetch [q. v.] for his surname, is separately noticed under that heading.
He was the author of: 1. ‘Two Sermons preached before Her Majesty's Commons at the Opening of Parliament,’ Edinburgh, 1693. 2. ‘Two single Sermons preached before the Commission,’ Edinburgh, 1695, 1699. 3. ‘A Short History of Rome's Design against the Protestant Interest in Britain,’ Dumfries, 1718. 4. ‘Answer to a Letter pretendedly written by Mr. John Hepburn, Division Maker; but really by Riddoch and Hunter and other Romish Emissaries, who are Defenders of his Faith both Summer and Winter,’ Dumfries, 1720.
[Wodrow's Hist. of the Kirk of Scotland; Lauder of Fountainhall's Historical Notices; Hew Scott's Fasti Eccles. Scotl. i. 236, 466, 568–9; M'Crie's Life of Veitch.]
T. F. H.
# Die Pastete

English-language translations of Die Pastete include:
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Die Gründung des Klosters Schlägel

Extract from Gottschalck's Die Ritterburgen und Bergschlösser Deutschlands (1810), pages 144–146. Included in Büsching's Volks-Sagen, Märchen und Legenden (1812)
English-language translations of Die Gründung des Klosters Schlägel include:
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Die Hufeisen

Published in Otmar's Volcks-Sagen (1800)
English-language translations of Die Hufeisen include:
* "The Horse-shoe on the Church Door" translated by Thomas Roscoe (1826) (transcription project)
* "The Horseshoes on the Church-Door" translated by Benjamin Thorpe (1853) (external scan)
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse