OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bott, Thomas (1829-1870)

​BOTT, THOMAS (1829–1870), china painter, was born near Kidderminster, and brought up to his father's business of making spade handles. Disliking this occupation he took to drawing. His first employment was in a glass factory. He went to Birmingham and managed to subsist for two or three years as a portrait painter. From Birmingham he went in 1852 to Worcester, and became one of the principal artists of the Royal Porcelain Works. ‘In that year Mr. Binns introduced what is known as the Worcester enamel. Mr. Bott made the first trials, and ultimately succeeded in giving the enamel the very important character it has since assumed. The queen and the late prince consort were great patrons of his work, which also was selected or presentation to the Princess of Wales, the Countess of Dudley, and the Countess Beauchamp, on their marriages. There is now in the South Kensington Museum one of his best works .... Mr. Bott was for many years a constant student at the School of Art, and gained many prizes’ (Worcester Journal, 17 Dec. 1870). Mr. Jewitt speaks of his work in terms of the highest praise (Hist. of Ceramic Art in Great Britain, pp. 143–4 and 150). A pair of his vases, he says, still in the hands of the Worcester Company, is valued at 1,500l. For his work in this ‘Worcester enamel’ Bott obtained distinction at Paris in 1855, and in London in 1862. He was attacked with paralysis in the beginning of 1869, and was unable to work from that time till his death on 13 Dec. 1870.
[Redgrave's Artists of the Eng. School; Jewitt's Hist. of the Ceramic Art in Great Britain, 1883; Berrow's Worcester Journal, 17 Dec. 1870.]
E. R.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Boucher, John (1777-1818)

​BOUCHER, JOHN (1777–1818), divine, was born in 1777. He was entered at St. John's, Oxford; proceeded B.A. on 23 May 1799 (Cat. Grad. Oxon. p. 71); was elected fellow of Magdalen at the same time (Preface to his Sermons, p. 1); was admitted to holy orders in 1801 (ib. p. 5), and proceeded M.A. on 29 April 1802. At this time he became rector of Shaftesbury, and in 1804 vicar of Kirk Newton, near Wooler, Northumberland. He married and had several children. He preached not only in his own parish, but in the neighbouring district. One of his sermons was delivered at Berwick-on-Tweed in 1810, and another at Belford in 1816. He died on 12 Nov. 1818, at Kirk Newton. There is a tablet to his memory on the north wall of the church where he was buried (Wilson, Churches of Lindisfarne, p. 73). After his death a 12mo volume of his 'Sermons' was printed, dedicated to Shute Barrington, bishop of Durham. The volume reached a second edition in 1821.
[Preface to Sermons by the late Rev. John Boucher, M.A. pp. i, v, vi, vii; private information.]
J. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Botolph

​BOTOLPH or BOTULF (d. 680), saint, according to a life found by Mabillon, and attributed by him to Folcard, abbot of Thorney soon after the Conquest, was born of noble parents early in the seventh century, and brought up as a christian. He was sent with his brother Adulf to Germany to be more fully instructed in religion, where they became monks of the order of St. Benedict. Adulf or St. Adolph is said to have become bishop of Utrecht, although no such name occurs in the succession of the diocese. Botulf returned to England, and having been recommended to the favour of Æthelmund, an unknown king of the Smith Angles, by the two sisters of that prince, who were receiving instruction in religious discipline in the monastery of which Botulf was an inmate, he obtained from Æthelmund a site on which to erect a monastery. This he began to build in 654 (Anglo-Saxon Chronicle) at Ikanho. The situation of this monastery is now uncertain. It is generally supposed to have been on the river Witham, on which stands the town of Boston, the church of which is dedicated to St. Botolph, and whose name is an abbreviated form of Botolph’s town. He is said to have died in 680, and was commemorated on 17 June. His relics were distributed by Æthelwold, bishop of Winchester, 963–84, amongst the monasteries of Ely, Westminster, and Thorney. Ten churches in Norfolk, and more than fifty in England, are dedicated to him.
[Anglo-Saxon Chronicle; Folcard's Vita Sancti Botulti; Mabillon's Acta Sanctorum Ordinis S. Benedicti, 1734 (iii, i. 1-7); Leland's Itinerary, and De Rebus Britannicis Collectanea; Willis's History of the Mitred Parliamentary Abbeys, &c., London, 1718; Sir T. D. Hardy's Descriptive Catalogue of Materials relating to the History of Great Britain and Ireland, i. 373–5.]
A. H. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bottetourt, John de

​BOTTETOURT, JOHN de (d. 1324), baron and admiral, was governor of St. Brinvel's Castle and warden of the Forest of Dene. In 1294 he commanded the fleet supplied by Yarmouth and the neighbouring coast, and the next year burnt Cherbourg. He served in the expeditions of Edward I to Gascony and Scotland Having married Maud, sister and heiress of Otto, the son and heir of Beatrice Beauchamp, widow of William of Munchensi, lord of Edwardston, he came into the estates of his mother-in-law. In 1304 he received a commission under the great seal to hear and determine the causes of a violent quarrel between the mayor and burgesses of Bristol and Lord Thomas of Berkeley and his son Maurice. He was summoned to parliament from 1305 to 1324. He joined Guy Beauchamp, earl of Warwick, in carrying off Piers Gaveston from the custody of the Earl of Pembroke, and, in common with the other nobles concerned in the death of the favourite, made his peace with the king in 1313. The next year he commanded the fleet employed in the expedition against Scotland. When a new permanent council was appointed in 1318, his name was added in pariiament. to those already ageed upon. He died in 1324, leaving his grandson .lohn his heir, his son Thomas having died before him.
[N. Trivet, 391, Eng. Hist. Soc.; T. Walsingham, i. 47, Rolls Ser.; Liber de Antiqq. Legg. 252, Camden Soc.; Smyth’s Lives of the Berkeleys; Dugdale's Baronage, ii. 46; Courthope's Historic Peerage, 60; Banks's Extinct and Dormant Baronage, ii. 53.]
W. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bottisham, William of

​BOTTISHAM or BOTTLESHAM, WILLIAM of (d. 1400), bishop of Rochester, was a Dominican, D.D., and fellow of Pembroke College, Cambridge, and, it would seem, a preacher in high repute with King Richard II. In 1332 he was resent at the council of Blackfriars in London, under the style of ‘episcopus Nanaten[sis],' but the designation is doubtful. Wilkins (Concilia Magnæ Britannicæ, iii. 158) proposed the emendation ‘Landaven[sis],’ which is impossible for chronological reasons. There is considerable confusion about the bishops of Nantes at this time (see Baluze, Vitæ Paparum Avenion. i. 943, Paris, 1693); and there is an interval between 1382 and 1384 during which Bottisham may have been bishop: but Dr. Stubbs (Registrum sacrum ​Antlicanum, p. 144), following Strype (Memorials of Cranmer, p. 36, ed. 1694), reads the title as 'Navat'ensis,' which he translates 'Pavada.' Bottisham is next mentioned in 1385 with the title of bishop of Bethlehem ; but here too his name does not appear in the regular series printed in 'Gallia Christiana,' xii. 680 et seqq. Still it was certainly as bishop of Bethlehem that he was translated in the following year to the see of Llandaff; whence finally, in 1389, he was translated to that of Rochester. Both these latter appointments were made by papal provision, and the last expressly in cons.iaeration of his fidelity to Urban VI during his troubles at Nocera in 1386. The bishop died in February 1399-1400, and was succeeded by John of Bottisham. Between these two prelates a natural confusion has arisen. Walsingham and Bale call both 'John,' and it is probably to some such cause that we are to attribute the notice cited by Tanner (Biblioth. Brit. Hib. s. v.), which makes William a Carmelite instead of a Dominican. A Nicholas Bottisham died prior of the Carmelite house at Cambridge in 1435. William's works consist wholly of sermons and scholastic compilations.
[Walsingham's Hist. Anglic, ii. 124, 180 seq., 248, ed. H. T. Riley, 1864. Rolls Series ; Faaciculi Zizaniorim. p. 498 ; Rymer's Fœdera, vii. 478 ; Bale's Script. Brit Catal. vi. 70 ; Le Neve's Fast. Eccl. Anglic, ii. 247, 665, ed. Hardy; Echard, Scriptores Ordinis Pædicatonmi, i. 717 ; Le Keux's Memorials of Cambridge, i. 56, ed. Cooper, 1856.]
R. L. P.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Boucher, John (1819-1878)

1904 Errata appended.
​BOUCHER, JOHN (1819–1878), divine, born in 1819, was the son of a tenant-farmer in Moneyrea, North Ireland. Intended for the unitarian ministry (in accordance with the theological views of his parents), he was carefully educated, and in 1837 was sent to the Belfast Academy, then under Drs. Montgomery and J. Scott Porter. Leaving the academy in 1842, Boucher became minister at Southport; next at Glasgow; and finally, in 1848, at the New Gravel Pit Chapel, Hackney, where for five years his fervour and eloquence drew full congregations from all parts of the metropolis. In 1850 Boucher published a sermon on 'The Present Religious Crisis,' and the 'Inquirer' speaks of another of the same year on 'Papal Aggression.' About this time Boucher adopted rationalistic views; but he soon afterwards changed his opinions again, resigned his pulpit in 1853, and entered himself at St. John's, Cambridge, to read for Anglican orders. He proceeded B.A. in 1857 (Luard, Grad. Cant. p. 46), and it was hoped that he would have a brilliant career in the establishment; but his health failed; he left Cambridge, and leading the life of a thorough invalid in the neighbourhood, at Chesterton, for many years, he died 12 March 1878, aged 59. He was one of the trustees of Dr. Williams's library, till his ​conversion caused him to resign; and he was a member of the presbyterian board, visiting Carmarthen College. He married Louise, a daughter of Ebenezer Johnston, of Stamford Hill, London, who survived him a year. He left no issue.
[The Inquirer, 23 March 1878, p. 190; Luard's Grad. Cant. p. 46; private information.]
J. H.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.33 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 3 | i | 6 | Boucher, John: for no issue read a son and daughter |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bott, Thomas (1688-1754)

1904 Errata appended.
​BOTT, THOMAS (1688–1754), divine, was born at Derby in 1688. His father was a mercer; his grandfather had been a parliamentary major. He was brought up for the dissenting ministry, but after some experience of preaching went to London to study medicine, and then took orders, and obtained the rectory of Whinburgh, in Norfolk, through Lord Macclesfield's interest. In 1724 he published a discourse to prove that ‘peace and happiness in this world’ was ‘the immediate design of Christianity.’ A defence of this followed in 1730. In 1725 he attacked Wollaston’s peculiar mode of deducing morality from truth, and in 1730 published a sermon called ‘Morality founded in the Reason of Things.‘ In 1734 Mr. Long gave him the rectory of Spixworth, which he held, with the neighbouring parish of Croftwick, till his death. In 1738 he preached a sermon, on 30 Jan., upon the duty of doing as we ​would be done by, observing only, by way of application, that if both parties had fulfilled this duty Charles would not have lost his head. In the same year he attacked Butler’s 'Analogy’ [see Butler, Joseph]. In 1739 he married Rebecca, daughter of Edmund Britiffe, of Hanworth. In 1743 he published his chief work, ‘An Answer to the Rev. Mr. Warburton's Divine Legation,' &c., in which he censures Warburton for making morality dependent upon the command of a superior being. In 1747 Mr. Harbord presented him to the living of Edgefield, Norfolk, in gratitude for his hindrance of a ‘ridiculous and pernicious match in the family.' His whole ecclesiastical income, however, was only 200l. a year. His health broke in 1750, and he died 23 Sept. 1751 at Norwich. He was a choleric but kindly man, a follower of Hoadly, a friend of Clarke, and a thorough whig. He left one son, Edmund Bott, afterwards of Christchurch, Hampshire, who was a fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge.
[Life in Biog. Brit. by Kippis, who married his niece, with information from his son and Dr. Flexman.]
L. S.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.32 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 446 | ii | 5 f.e. | Bott, Thomas: for Long read Longe |
| 447 | ii | 18 | for 28 Sept. read 19 Sept. |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bottomley, Joseph

* related portals: Joseph Bottomley.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Wikidata item.
​BOTTOMLEY, JOSEPH (fl. 1820), musician, was born at Halifax in Yorkshire in 1786. His parentage is not recorded, but his musical education was begun at a very early age; when only seven years old he played a violin concerto in public. At the age of twelve he was sent to Manchester, where he studied under Grimshaw, organist of St. John's Church, and Watts, the leader of the concerts. Under Watts's direction he at the some time carried on his violin studies with Yaniewicz, then resident in Manchester. In 1801 Bottomley was articled to Lawton, the organist of St. Peter's, Leeds, and on the expiration of his term removed to London to study the pianoforte under Wœlfl. In 1807 Bottomley returned to his native county, and obtained the appointment of organist to the parish church of Bradford, but he made Halifax his home, where he had a large teaching connection. In 1820 he was appointed organist of Sheffield parish church, which post he held for some considerable time. The date of his death is uncertain. Bottomley published several original works, including 'Six Exercises for Pianoforte,' twelve sonatinas for the same instrument, two divertissements with flute accompaniment, twelve valses, eight rondos, ten airs varies, a duo for two pianos, and a small dictionary of music (8vo), published in London in 1816,
[Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians; Watt's Bibl. Brit. pt. i. 138 a.]
R. H.
# Der Geisterruf

The second of the "Anekdoten" from Gespensterbuch volume 3 (1811).
English-language translations of Der Geisterruf include:
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Der Brautschmuck

From Gespensterbuch volume 2 (1811).
English-language translations of Der Brautschmuck include:
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Der Freischütz

From Gespensterbuch volume 1 (1810).
English-language translations of Der Freischütz include:
* "The Fatal Marksman" translated by Thomas De Quincey (1823)
* "Der Freischütz; or, The Magic Balls" translated by Mary Diana Dods (1825)
* "Der Freischutz" translated by George Godfrey Cunningham (1829)
* The Original Legend of Der Freischütz, or the Free Shot translated anonymously (1833) (scan needed)
* "Der Freischütz (The Free-Shooter)" translated by Jacob Wrey Mould (1849)
* "The Magic Balls: A Tale of Enchantment" translated anonymously (1871) (external scan)
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Der Gespensterläugner

From Gespensterbuch volume 3 (1811).
English-language translations of Der Gespensterläugner include:
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Der Kaiser und die Musikanten

Extract from Gottschalck's Die Ritterburgen und Bergschlösser Deutschlands (1810), pages 244–245. Included in Büsching's Volks-Sagen, Märchen und Legenden (1812)
English-language translations of Der Kaiser und die Musikanten include:
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Der Kyffhäuser

Extract from Kornmann's Mons Veneris (1614), pages 376–377. Included in Büsching's Volks-Sagen, Märchen und Legenden (1812)
English-language translations of Der Kyffhäuser include:

## See also

* "Legends of the Kyffhauser" translated by George Godfrey Cunningham (1829) – introduction based on this story and its notes in Büsching's Volks-Sagen, Märchen und Legenden (1812) (transcription project)
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Der Grünmantel von Venedig

English-language translations of Der Grünmantel von Venedig include:
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# De Castro v. Board of Commissioners of San Juan

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
322 U.S. 451
De Castro v. Board of Commissioners of San Juan
Argued: April 24, 1944. --- Decided: May 29, 1944
Mr. William Cattron Rigby, of Washington, D.C., for petitioner.
Mr. F. F. Cuyar, of San Juan, P.R., for respondent.
Mr. Chief Justice STONE delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# De Chatillon

De Chatillon; Or, The Crusaders
Draft of A Five Act Tragedy By
Felicia Hemans
Taken from Poems of Felicia Hemans Blackwood 1872 Pages 300-315
Compiled By Peter J. Bolton
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Barnes, Sir Edward

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​BARNES, SIR EDWARD (1776–1838)
Commander-in-Chief: entered the Army in 1792: Colonel, 1810: served in the Peninsula, from 1812, commanding a Brigade, and was in several battles: Adjutant - General at Waterloo: severely wounded: K.C.B.: went to Ceylon, 1819: Governor there from 1824 to 1831: put down the last outbreaks of the Kandy chiefs there: Lt-General, 1825: General, 1831, and C. in C. in India, 1831–33: Colonel, 31st foot: and G.C.B.: became M.P. for Sudbury in 1837: died March 19, 1838.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Baroda, Sir Sayaji Rao III Maharaja Gaekwar Shamshir Bahadur of

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​BARODA, SIR SAYAJI RAO III MAHARAJA GAEKWAR SHAMSHIR BAHADUR OF (1863–)
Maharaja: born March 10, 1863: descended from the founders of the Baroda dynasty: adopted on May 27, 1875, by Jamnabai, widow of the Gaekwar Khandi Rao: educated at the Maharaja's School at Baroda: was installed, 1875: during his minority, there was a Council of Regency under a British officer and Raja Sir Tanjore Madhava Rao K.C.S.I. (q.v.): on Dec. 28, 1881, he was given the administration of the State: made G.C.S.I. in 1887: an enlightened ruler, and holds advanced views on social questions: he has several times visited Europe.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Barth, Marie Etienne Auguste

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​BARTH, MARIE ETIENNE AUGUSTE (1834–)
Born March 22, 1834, at Strasburg: son of Etienne Barth, of the Rhone an Rhin Canal Company: educated at the College Royal (now Lycee Imperial) at Strasburg: Professor of Rhetoric and Philosophy at the College at Bouxwiller, 1857–61: then retired from the public service to devote himself to Indian study: lived first at Strasburg, then at Geneva, (1871–76), and lastly removed to Paris: member of many learned societies: Societe Asiatique, 1857: Academy of Inscriptions, 1893: Royal Asiatic Society, 1894, etc.: Collaborator in the Journal Asiatique, Revue Critique, etc. His chief works are: Les Religions de l'Inde, 1880 (also translated into English) Inscriptions Sanskrites du Cambodge, 1885: L'Inde; Buddhisme, Jain-isme, Hindouisme, 1894, etc.: has published a yearly bulletin of the religions of India in the Revue de l'Histoire des Religions, 1885, etc.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Barr, Sir David William Keith

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​BARR, SIR DAVID WILLIAM KEITH (1846–)
Born Nov. 29, 1846: entered the Army, 1864: served in the Abyssinian expedition: boundary settlement officer in the Malwa Bhil country: Assistant to the A.G.G. for Central India, 1870: Political agent at Jodhpur, 1878–9: in Baghelkund and Rewa: Resident at Gwalior, 1887: in Kashmir, 1892: A.G.G. for Central India, 1895: Resident at Hyderabad, Feb. 24, 1900–March, 1905: C.S.I.: K.C.S.I, 1903: Member of the Council of India, 1905.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Barrow, Sir Edmund George

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​BARROW, SIR EDMUND GEORGE (1852–)
Maj-General: born Jan. 28, 1852: son of Maj-General Joseph Lyon Barrow, C.B., R.A.: joined the Army, Dec. 1781: D.A.Q.M.G.: with the Indian Contingent in Egypt, 1882, and in the Intelligence Branch, Bengal, 1885–7: Assistant Secretary to the Government of India, Military Department, 1887–91: Deputy Secretary, 1897–1900: Secretary, 1901–3: D.A.G. Bengal, 1900: served in the Afghan War, 1879, Egyptian expedition, 1882,
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Barnes, Sir Hugh Shakspear

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​BARNES, SIR HUGH SHAKSPEAR (1853–)
I.C.S.: son of James Ralph Barnes, I.C.S.: born 1853: educated at Malvern: joined the Civil Service, at Allahabad, 1874: Private Secretary to the Financial Member of Council, 1876: Political Officer, Kandahar, 1880: Political Agent, Quetta, 1883: Under Secretary, Foreign Department, 1889: Deputy Secretary, 1890: Revenue Commissioner, Quetta, 1891: Resident in Kashmir, 1894: A.G.G. and Chief Commissioner, Beluchistan, 1896: Foreign Secretary to the Government of India, 1900–3: President of Central Committee for the Delhi Darbar, 1902–3: Lieutenant-Governor of Burma, 1903–5: Member of the Council of India, 1905: K.C.S.I., 1903: K.C.V.O., 1903.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Baroda, Malhar Rao, Maharaja Gaekwar of

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​BARODA, MALHAR RAO, MAHARAJA GAEKWAR OF ( ? –1882)
Succeeded his brother, Khandi Rao, in Nov., 1870, as ruler of Baroda: complaints of his misrule having reached Government an inquiry was held in 1873, and time to reform was allowed him: before the time elapsed an attempt was made in 1874 to poison the Resident, Colonel R. Phayre (q.v.): in 1875, the Gaekwar was tried by a mixed Commission: the three British officers found him guilty: the three native members declared the charge not proven: he was then deposed for gross misgovernment, and deported to Madras, where he died in 1882.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Barras, Paul Francois Jean Nicolas, Comte de

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​BARRAS, PAUL FRANCOIS JEAN NICOLAS, COMTE DE (1755–1829)
Chasseur of the French regiment of Pondicherry: taken prisoner at the capture of Pondicherry in 1778 by Sir Hector Munro: at the request of the French Governor, Barras' regiment was permitted to retain its colours: he became a prisoner on parole in Madras and Poonamali: returning to France, he rose to prominence as a Director during the Revolution: he was under orders to return to India, with other commissaires, but they never started: he became Commandant-General of the armies of Paris.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Barrow, Lousada

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​BARROW, LOUSADA ( ? –1877)
Joined the Madras cavalry in 1836, and saw constant service, being engaged in the S. Mahratta country in 1844–5, and under Havelock in many actions in the mutiny: in the Alambagh under Outram: present at the siege and capture of Lucknow: Brevets of Major and Lt-Colonel: C.B. in 1858: Commissioner of Lucknow, 1864: Maj-General, 1870: Chief Commissioner of Oudh, Jan.-April, 1871: died Oct. 1, 1877.