OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The New International Encyclopædia/Jehovah

Edition of 1905. See also Jehovah on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
JEHO′VAH. A word used four times in the Authorized Version of the English Bible as the name of the national deity of the Hebrews. This name was carried over from the earlier religious period of that people to the later post-exilic time, when, largely through the influence of the prophets, the transformation of the national god into the one universal God of a monotheistic faith took place. In consequence, the pronunciation of the name of the old tribal deity
was avoided, partly because of associations which seemed to imply limitations to His being, partly because of the growth of the sentiment that the genuine name of the one God was too sacred, too powerful to be used except on extraordinary occasions and by any but those who were commissioned as His representatives on earth — the high priests. The name was expressed in writing, according to the usual method in Hebrew, without vowels, by the four consonants corresponding to our YHWH — the tetragrammaton, as it is called. When the vowels were added to the consonantal text of the Old Testament, several centuries after the birth of Christ, as a means of preserving the pronunciation of the sacred literature, those of Adonai, ‘my lord,’ were attached to the tetragrammaton as an indication that the holy name was to be pronounced as though it were adonai (q.v.). By a misunderstanding, Christian scholars in the sixteenth century combined the vowels of Adonai with the consonantal frame, thus producing the form Yehowah or Jehovah, j being used for the Hebrew y and v for w, as was very customary. The earliest occurrence of this word is 1520. In the English Bible the tetragrammaton is usually represented by ‘the lord.’ The avoidance of the use of the name of the Supreme Deity led to the loss of the true pronunciation, and we have no absolutely certain data for determining what it was. It is very probable, however, that it was Yahweh, and this form and pronimciation are now universally used by scholars. .Jehovah is often used as a name of God, connoting especially His power and majesty. The name of the Hebrew deity is also found in abbreviated form as Yah (as in hallalu Yah, ‘praise ye Yah’), Yahu, Yeho, and Yo, particularly in proper names. The origin and meaning of the name are not known. It has been connected with the verb haya, to be, with the meaning ‘he is,’ implying existence without limitation. Another theory connects it with the causative form of the same verb with the meaning ‘he causes to be,’ i.e. the Creator. Still another theory makes it mean ‘he who causes to fall’ (i.e. rain or lightning), a view which has some support by analogy with the use of similar terms for the Greek Zeus. Others have sought to identify Yahweh with some foreign deity, or consider it a piece of popular etymologizing like the English derivation of God from good. Consult: Dalman, Der Gottesname Adonai (Leipzig, 1896); Driver, “The Tetragrammaton,” in Studia Biblica (Oxford, 1885); Smend, Alttestamentliche Religionsgeschichte (Freiburg, 1893); Schultz, Alttestamentliche Theologie (Göttingen, 1889).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Jersey Blue

Edition of 1905. See also the disclaimer.
​ JERSEY BLUE. An American breed of large domestic fowls, having a bluish plumage. The breast and ‘fluff’ are light blue; hackle and sickles, blue-black; feet, dark blue. They are not popular, either as table fowls or as egg-producers, but are hardy and easily kept.
# The Leprechaun; or Fairy Shoemaker
### I.

Little Cowboy, what have you heard,  Up on the lonely rath's green mound? Only the plaintive yellow bird  Sighing in sultry fields around, Chary, chary, chary, chee-ee!-- Only the grasshopper and the bee?--  "Tip-tap, rip-rap,  Tick-a-tack-too!  Scarlet leather, sewn together,  This will make a shoe.  Left, right, pull it tight;  Summer days are warm;  Underground in winter,  Laughing at the storm! Lay your ear close to the hill. Do you not catch the tiny clamour, Busy click of an elfin hammer, Voice of the Lepracaun singing shrill  As he merrily plies his trade?  He's a span  And a quarter in height. Get him in sight, hold him tight,  And you're a made  Man!

### II.

You watch your cattle the summer day, Sup on potatoes, sleep in the hay;  How would you like to roll in your carriage.  Look for a duchess's daughter in marriage? Seize the Shoemaker--then you may!  "Big boots a-hunting,  Sandals in the hall,  White for a wedding-feast,  Pink for a ball.  This way, that way,  So we make a shoe;  Getting rich every stitch,  Tick-tack-too!" Nine-and-ninety treasure-crocks This keen miser-fairy hath, Hid in mountains, woods, and rocks, Ruin and round-tow'r, cave and rath,  And where the cormorants build;  From times of old  Guarded by him;  Each of them fill'd  Full to the brim  With gold!

### III.

I caught him at work one day, myself,  In the castle-ditch, where foxglove grows,-- A wrinkled, wizen'd and bearded Elf,  Spectacles stuck on his pointed nose,  Silver buckles to his hose,  Leather apron-shot in his lap--  "Rip-rap, tip-tap,  Tick-tack-too!  (A grasshopper on my cap!  Away the moth flew!)  Buskins for a fairy prince,  Brogues for his son,--  Pay me well, pay me well,  When the job is done! " The rogue was mine, beyond a doubt. I stared at him; he stared at me; "Servant, Sir!" "Humph!" says he,  And pull'd a snuff-box out. He took a long pinch, look'd better pleased,  The queer little Lepracaun; Offer'd the box with a whimsical grace,- Pouf! he flung the dust in my face,  And, while I sneezed,  Was gone!

### Notes

* ↑ "Yellow bird", the yellow-bunting, or yorlin.
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The Lesser Evil

Empty as death and slow as pain The days went by on leaden feet; And parson's week had come again As I walked down the little street.
Without, the weary doves were calling, The sun burned on the banks of mud; Within, old maids were caterwauling A dismal tale of thorns and blood.
I thought of all the church bells ringing In towns that Christian folks were in; I heard the godly maidens singing; I turned into the house of sin.
The house of sin was dark and mean, With dying flowers round the doors; They spat the betel juice between The rotten bamboo of the floors.
Why did I come, the woman cried So seldom to her bed of ease? When I was not, her spirit died And would I give her ten rupees.
The weeks went by, and many a day That black-haired woman did implore Me as I hurried on my way To come more often than before.
The days went by like dead leaves falling, And parson's week came round again. Once more devout old maids were bawling Their ugly rhymes of death and pain.
The woman waited for me there As down the little street I trod, And musing on her oily hair, I turned into the house of God.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
The longest-living author of this work died in 1950, so this work is in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 73 years or less. This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The Lesser Eastern Churches

Translation of the epigraph: "For Hector and the Trojans was this the better, but long shall the Achaeans, methinks, remember the strife betwixt me and thee. Howbeit, these things will we let be as past and done, for all our pain, curbing the heart in our breasts because we must."—The Iliad, translated by Augustus Taber Murray (1924)
CHURCH OF ST. HRIPSIME AT ETSHMIADZIN.
[Frontispiece
THE LESSER EASTERN CHURCHES
BY ADRIAN FORTESCUE, PH.D., D.D.
WITH ILLUSTRATIONS
LONDON:CATHOLIC TRUTH SOCIETY 69 SOUTHWARK BRIDGE ROAD, S.E. - 1913
Ἕκτορι μὲν καὶ Τρωσὶ τὸ κέρδιον· αὐτὰρ Ἀχαιοὺς δηρὸν ἐμῆς καὶ σῆς ἔριδος μνήσεσθαι ὀίω. Ἀλλὰ τὰ μὲν προτετύχθαι ἐάσομεν ἀχνύμενοί περ θυμὸν ένὶ στήθεσσι φίλον δαμάσαντες ἀνάγκῃ.
Iliad, xix. 63–66.
CONTENTS
PREFACE
PART I THE NESTORIANS
PAGE
CHAPTER I
CHAPTER II
CHAPTER III
CHAPTER IV
CHAPTER V
PART II THE COPTS
CHAPTER VI
CHAPTER VII
CHAPTER VIII
PART III THE ABYSSINIANS, JACOBITES, AND MALABAR CHRISTIANS
CHAPTER IX
CHAPTER X
CHAPTER XI
PART IV THE ARMENIANS
CHAPTER XII
CHAPTER XIII
CHAPTER XIV
ILLUSTRATIONS
(From a photograph by the Rev. F. N. Heazell)
(From a photograph by the Rev. F. N. Heazell)
(From a photograph by the Rev. F. N. Heazell)
Nihil obstat SYDNEY F. SMITH, S.J.
Imprimatur ✠ PETRUS, Epūs Southwarc.
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The Necromancer (Kahlert)/Volume 2

THE
NECROMANCER.
THE
NECROMANCER:
OR THE
TALE
OF THE
BLACK FOREST:
FOUNDED ON FACTS:
TRANSLATED FROM THE GERMAN OF
LAWRENCE FLAMMENBERG,
BY PETER TEUTHOLD.
IN TWO VOLUMES.
VOL. II.
LONDON:
PRINTED FOR WILLIAM LANE,
AT THE
Minerva-Press
LEADENHALL-STREET.
* Third Part
* Fourth Part
This work is a translation and has a separate copyright status to the applicable copyright protections of the original content.
# The Need of Being Versed in Country Things

* "The Need of Being Versed in Country Things" in New Hampshire, a Poem with Notes and Grace Notes (1923)
* "The Need of Being Versed in Country Things" in Miscellaneous Poems to 1920 (1999)
# The New International Encyclopædia/Willard, Emma C.

Edition of 1905. See also Emma Willard on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
WILLARD, Emma C. (Hart) (1787-1870). A pioneer in the field of higher education for women, born at Berlin, Conn. In 1803 she became a teacher in the village school; three years later she received a position in an academy at Westfield, Conn., but after a few weeks became principal of an academy for girls at Middlebury, Vt. In 1809 she married Dr. John Willard. In the same year she established at Middlebury a girls' boarding-school with improved methods of teaching. Five years later she submitted to Governor Clinton of New York a manuscript entitled A Plan for Improving Female Education. The ideas she advanced met with favor, and in 1821 she was able to establish at Waterford, N. Y., a girls' seminary, partly supported by the State. Two years later she removed the school to Troy, where it acquired a wide reputation. Her husband died in 1825, but she continued to manage the institution until 1838, when she placed it in the hands of her son. In 1830 she made a tour in Europe, and three years later published Journal and Letters from France and Great Britain. The proceeds from the sale of the book she gave to a school for women that she had helped to found in Athens, Greece. In 1838 she married Dr. Christopher C. Yates, but was divorced from him in 1843. Among her other published works are: The Woodbridge and Willard Geographies and Atlases (1823); History of the United States (1828); Universal History in Perspective (1837); Treatise on the Circulation of the Blood (1846); and Last Leaves of American History (1849). In 1830 she also published a book of poems, of which the best known is Rocked in the Cradle of the Deep. Her Life was written by John Lord (New York, 1873). In recognition of her services to the cause of higher education for women a statue was unveiled in her honor at Troy in 1895.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Willard, Joseph

Edition of 1905. See also Joseph Willard on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
WILLARD, Joseph (1738-1804). An American clergyman and educator, born in Biddeford, Maine, a great-grandson of Samuel Willard (q.v.), who was acting president of Harvard, 1701-07. He graduated at Harvard, 1765, and was tutor till 1772, when he became colleague pastor of the Congregational Church at Beverly, Mass. He was president of Harvard, 1781-1804. Among his published writings are several sermons; a Latin address on the death of Washington; and scientific papers in the Memoirs of the American Academy and the Philosophical Transactions.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Willard, Samuel

Edition of 1905. See also Samuel Willard on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
WILLARD, Samuel (1640-1707). A colonial clergyman. He was born in Concord, Mass.; graduated at Harvard in 1659; was minister at Groton from 1663 to 1676, whence he was driven by the Indians during King Pliilip's War; was pastor of the Old South Church, Boston, from 1678 until his death; strenuously opposed the witchcraft persecutions in 1692; and was acting president of Harvard from 1701 until his death. He published many sermons, including: The Duty of a People that Have Renewed Their Covenant with God (1680); Brief Animadversions upon the New England Anabaptists' Late Fallacious Narrative (1681); and Mourner's Cordial Against Excessive Sorrow (1691). A folio volume entitled A Compleat Body of Divinity was published posthumously, by Joseph Sewall and Thomas Prince, in 1726.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Wilkins, Mary Eleanor

See also Mary Eleanor Wilkins Freeman on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​WILKINS, Mary Eleanor (Mrs. C. M. Freeman) (1862—). An American novelist, born in Randolph, Mass., of New England and Puritan descent. She received her education at Mount Holyoke Seminary, South Hadley, Mass., and passed the greater part of her life in Massachusetts and in Vermont. Her stories dealt almost wholly with New England life, which she pictured as a dull, patient existence, but in such striking lines that her work became very widely read and was taken as representative of the New England character. She married in 1901. Her place in popular estimate was among the foremost of contemporary American novelists, with ​Sarah Orno Jewett, Thomas Nelson Page, George W. CabU', ami others who have dealt with local scenes and types. Her characters rcpre- .sented, in the main, a lower social order than those of Miss .lowett, and were not so sympa- thetically but mcu'e foniljly depicted. Her chief works were: The Adventurrs of Ann (1886); A Humblr Romance (1887), which gave the author vogue; A New England Nun (1891); Young Lucretia (1802). for children; Jane Field (1892); Giles Corey (1893), a drama; Pembroke (1894); Madelon (1896); Jerome, a Poor Man (1897); Silence, and Other Stories (1898), containing some of her best work; and The Love of Parson Lord (1900). Later works were: The Portion of Labor (1901); Understudies (1901); and The Wind in the Rose Rush (1903). Much of Miss Wilkins's work appeared as short stories and serials in the leading magazines.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Willard, Josiah Flynt

Edition of 1905. See also the disclaimer.
WILLARD, Josiah Flynt. See Flynt, Josiah.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Willmore, James Tibbits

See also James Tibbits Willmore on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​WILL'MORE, James Tibbets (1800-63). An English engraver, born at Handsworth. Staflfordshire. He studied engraving under RadclyfTe in Birmingham and under Charles Heath in London. He was made an associate of the Royal Academy in 1843. In execution lie was clever and forceful, and his tone and shading are remarkably good. Among his prints are many from Turner, e.g. "Mercury and Argus" and "Ancient Italy;" also some from Eastlake, Landsper, Stanfield, and Creswick.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Willughby, Francis

Edition of 1905. See also Francis Willughby on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​WILLUGHBY, wĭl′lŭ-bĭ, Francis (1635-72). An English naturalist, born at Middleton, in Warwickshire. He graduated from Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1656. He became much interested in natural history, and about 1662 he and his former teacher, John Ray (q.v.), planned a work on natural history, the botany to be written by Ray and the zoölogy by Willughby. The two traveled on the Continent and in England collecting material, but before the work was completed Willughby died. Ray later published some of the results of Willughby's study, first in Latin in 1676, and then in English in 1678, under the title of The Ornithology of Francis Willughby. In the work there was for the first time a rational system of classifying birds, which has been asserted to be the basis of the Linnæan classification. In 1686 Ray published also the results of Willughby's study of ichthyology. Other results of his researches were collected by Ray in the Methodus Insectorum (1705), and by Derhorn, in his Historia Insectorum (1710).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Willard, Frances Elizabeth

Edition of 1905. See also Frances Willard (suffragist) on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
WILLARD, Frances Elizabeth (1839-98). An American educator and reformer, born at Churchville, N. Y. She graduated at the Northwestern Female College at Evanston, Ill., in 1850; taught in various Western towns, and in 1866-67 was principal of the Genesee Wesleyan Seminary at Lima, N. Y. After two years of travel in Europe and the East, she became professor of æsthetics at Northwestern University, and dean of the Woman's College there. In 1874 she became corresponding secretary of the
Woman's Christian Temperance Union, and from 1870 till her death was its president. Under her guidance the organization of the Union was perfected and its sphere of activity greatly enlarged. In 1882 she became a memher of the executive committee of the Prohibition Party; in 1883 she founded the World's Woman's Christian Temperance Union and in 1888 became its president. Besides contributing frequently to the magazines, she wrote a number of books and pamphlets, including: Nineteen Beautiful Years (1868); Woman and Temperance (1883); and Glimpses of Fifty Years (1889). She edited for a time the Chicago Evening Post, and in 1892-98 The Union Signal (Chicago), the official organ of the Union. Miss Willard probably did more for the cause of temperance than any other person of her time. Consult an article in The Methodist Review, vol. lxxx. (1898).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Wilhelm, Karl

See also Karl Wilhelm on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
WILHELM, vĭl′hĕlm, Karl (1815-73). A German musician, composer of “Die Wacht am Rhein.” He was born at Schmalkalden, studied at Cassel, under Spohr, and at Frankfort under André and Aloys Schmitt. He was director of the Crefeld Liedertafel from 1839 to 1864, and composed numerous male choruses for it. “Die Wacht am Rhein” was first sung by a large chorus on the occasion of the silver wedding of the Prince of Prussia (afterwards William I.), in 1854, but did not attain its wide popularity until the outbreak of the Franco-German War in 1870. Wilhelm received the title of ‘Royal Prussian Musical Director’ in 1860, and four years later received a gold medal from Queen (later Empress) Augusta and was granted a pension of 3000 marks. He died at Schmalkalden.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Wilmerding

Edition of 1905. See also Wilmerding, Pennsylvania on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ WIL′MERDING. A borough in Allegheny County, Pa., 8 miles southeast of Pittsburg, on the Pennsylvania Railroad (Map: Pennsylvania, B 3). It has the extensive foundries and machine shops of the Westinghouse Air Brake Company. The growth of the borough has been very rapid, a population of 419 in 1890 having increased to 4179 in 1900.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Moore, George Henry

Edition of 1905. See also George Henry Moore (author) on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
MOORE, George Henry (1823-92). An American historical writer and librarian, born in Concord, N. H. He removed in 1839 to New York City, and in 1843 graduated at New York University. Before leaving college he had become connected with the New York Historical Society, as an assistant to his father, Jacob Bailey Moore, the librarian, and in 1849 succeeded him as its librarian. In this position he remained until 1872, when, on the opening of Lenox Library, he became its first superintendent. Here he remained until his death. He was a frequent contributor to historical magazines, and to the proceedings of historical societies. Among his best known works are: The Treason of Charles Lee (1858); The Employment of Negroes in the Revolutionary Army (1862); Notes on the History of Slavery in Massachusetts (1866); and A History of the Jurisprudence of New York (1872).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Moore, Jacob Bailey

Edition of 1905. See also Jacob Bailey Moore on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
MOORE, Jacob Bailey (1797-1853). An American journalist and historical writer, born at Andover, N. H. He learned the printer's trade at Concord, engaged in editorial work, and was a member of the Legislature in 1828. In 1839 he removed to New York and edited the Daily Whig. He was in the Government employ in Washington 1841-45, but returned to New York and served as librarian of the Historical Society from 1845 to 1849. From 1849 to 1853 he was postmaster of San Francisco. He published, with John Farmer, Collections Historical and Miscellaneous (3 vols., 1822-24), relating principally to the early history of New Hampshire; and Gazetteer of the State of New Hampshire (1823). He also published a volume on the colonial Governors of Connecticut and New Plymouth (1846).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Moratorium

Edition of 1905. See also Moratorium (law) on Wikipedia; moratorium on Wiktionary; and the disclaimer.
MO'RATO'RIUM (Neo-Lat., neu. sg. of Lat. moratorius, relating to delay, from mora, delay). An extraordinary act of a government, by which the collection of all debts is suspended for a specified time. A recent instance is the moratorium decreed by Argentina in 1890 at the time of the great financial crisis which led to the suspension of the Barings of London. Such an act may cause international complications.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Montpelier

Edition of 1905. See also Montpelier, Vermont on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ MONTPELIER, mŏntpē′lyẽr. A city, the capital of Vermont, and county-seat of Washington County, 40 miles southeast of Burlington; on the Winooski River, and on the Central Vermont, the Montpelier and Wells River, and the Montpelier and Barre railroads (Map: Vermont, D 4). The handsome Capitol is built of granite, its dome rising to a height of 124 feet and surmounted by a statue of Agriculture. Among other features of the city are the State Library, the Wood Art Gallery, the Kellogg-Hubbard Library, Washington County Grammar and Montpelier Union School Library, and the Montpelier Seminary. Montpelier is the home of Admiral George Dewey and of Rear-Admiral Charles E. Clark. The principal industries are granite working and the manufacture of saddlery, hardware, and saw-mill and other machinery. The city controls an important trade with the surrounding region, which is largely agricultural, and is the centre of large insurance interests. Under a revised charter of 1900 the government is vested in a mayor, annually elected, and a unicameral council which confirms the executive's appointments of police, and elects superintendents of streets and water, health officer, overseers of the poor, and minor officers. The city owns and operates the waterworks. Population, in 1890, 4160; in 1900, 6266. A charter to the land about Montpelier was secured in 1781, but no settlement was made until 1787. In 1791 Montpelier was organized as a town, and in 1805 became the capital of the State; it was incorporated as a village in 1855, and in 1894 it was chartered as a city. Consult: Thompson, History of Montpelier, 1781-1860 (Montpelier, 1860); Hemenway, History of the Town of Montpelier (ib., 1882).