OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Cyper-grass

Edition of 1802.
​CYPER-GRASS, or Cyperus, L. a genus of plants producing seventy-nine species, of which the following are the principal:
1. The rotundus, or Round Cyperus, a native of the East Indies: its imported root is knotty, surrounded with tough, fibrous strings, of a brown colour externally, but grey internally; and of a pleasant odour, especially when fresh and well dried.
2. The esculentus, or Eatable Cyperus (earth-almonds), growing wild in the East, in Italy, and the South of France. Its pulpy and mealy root is agreeably sweet, not unlike chesnuts, and might be advantageously cultivated in this country, as an occasional substitute for bread.
3. The papyrus, or Paper-Cyperus, a native of Calabria, Sicily, Syria, and especially of Egypt, on the banks of the Nile. From this noble plant, the ancients manufactured most of their paper, their sail-cloth, mattresses, ropes, nay, even their apparel. Perhaps, we may soon be enabled to import an abundant supply of this valuable vegetable, in British vessels.
4. The longus, or Sweet Cyperus, or English Galingale, a native plant, which is chiefly found on the isle of Purbeck, where it flowers in July. Its root is of the size of an olive, full of little knots or specks, of an oblong figure and grey colour; of a warm, somewhat bitter taste; and almost destitute of smell, when newly taken out of the ground.
In medicine, the roots of the first, or round cyperus, as well as those of the English galingale, are esteemed cordial, diuretic, and cephalic; they occasionally have afforded relief in nephritic ​disorders, as also in colics; and may be taken either in powders, or in a decoction. The production of the latter, or native species, however, is at present seldom used; though we presume it is in no respect inferior to some of the more costly medicines imported into this country.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Crystallization

Edition of 1802.
​CRYSTALLIZATION, a kind of congelation of essential, fixed, and volatile salts, which, after evaporating the greatest part of their humidity, are left to dry, concrete, and shoot into crystals.
Opaque stones, pyrites, and minerals, when regularly formed, are said to be crystallized, as well as transparent salts and stones. Ice is a true crystallization, consisting of long masses flattened on one side, and joined together in such a manner, that the smaller are inserted into the sides of the greater, making uniformly the same angle. Melted metals, and other bodies, such as wax and starch, which become solid when congealed, assume a regular arrangement, if gradually cooled.
In order to perform this process in perfection, the evaporation should be gentle, and not continued longer than till some drops of the liquor, poured on a glass plate, discover filaments of crystal. As soon as this appears, the vessel is to be immediately removed from the fire into a cooler place, and covered with a cloth, to prevent the access of cold air, which would form pellicles. From a variety of experiments, we have observed that crystallization may be remarkably promoted, by throwing into the vessel a few small crystals of the same nature.
Another method of crystallizing salts, is, by adding to a solution of salt a substance which does not act upon the latter, but which has a greater affinity with the water, and will serve to deprive the salt of a portion of that liquid which holds it in a state of solution. Spirit of wine will effect this purpose in many salts; and, if judiciously added, will cause them to separate freely from the menstruum, or fluid, and form large and beautiful crystals.
Salts have this peculiar property, that, however minutely they may be divided, when formed into crystals, they will re-assume their ​proper figures; so that they may, with equal facility, be divested of their saltness and their figure.—Crystallization, therefore, is one of the most important agents in chemistry, as it enables us to discover compound solutions of salts; to ascertain their purity or impurity: and, lastly, to separate drfferent salts from each other.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Cuckow-pint

Edition of 1802.
​Cuckow-pint. See Wake Robin.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Cuttle-fish

Edition of 1802.
​CUTTLE-FISH, or Sepia, L. a remarkable genus of the finny tribe: the bones of a particular species, called the Officinal Cuttle, are frequently thrown out by the sea on the British shore, but the fish itself very rarely.
This curious fish, when frightened or pursued, emits a black liquor, which is supposed to have been used by the ancients, instead of writing-ink. It was also esteemed by them as a delicacy, but at present is relished only by the Italians. Its porous and laminated bones were formerly employed in medicine as an absorbent; and are still kept in the druggist-shops. They are hard on one side, but soft and yielding on the other, so that very neat impressions from medals, &c. may be easily made upon them, and then serve as moulds for casting metallic figures representing the original. These bones, in a calcined state, are farther useful, not only for cleaning and polishing silver, but chiefly for absorbing the acidity and tartness of wines, which, if not completely spoiled, may thus be restored to their former briskness.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Cuckow-bread

Edition of 1802.
​Cuckow-bread. See Common Wood Sorrel.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Cudbear

Edition of 1802.
​Cudbear: See Orchal.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Cuckow

Edition of 1802.
​CUCKOW, the Common, or Cuculus canorus, L. is a native of Africa, whence it visits this country, about the middle of April, and continues here till the end of June, or beginning of July. It is about 14 inches in length, 25 in breadth, and weighs generally about 5 ounces.
This is, perhaps, the most remarkable of the feathered tribe; as it never pairs, nor hatches its own young, but drops one of its eggs in the nests of different birds, especially those of the hedge-sparrow. As soon as the eggs are hatched, the young cuckow, with his broad hollow back, turns out the other eggs, as well as the young sparrows. This inimical conduct is analogous to what daily happens in human life; but it is now ascertained, that the cuckow does not ungratefully destroy its foster-parent; on the contrary, it soon leaves the nest, as its growth is uncommonly rapid, and its appetite extremely voracious, its food consisting almost entirely of animal substances, such as flies, beetles, snails, grasshoppers, catter-pillars, &c. This bird may be, and frequently is, brought up tame, so as to become domesticated. In this state, it will eat bread, milk, fruit, insects, eggs, and flesh, whether dressed or raw. When fat, it is esteemed by epicures as a delicious morsel, being little inferior to the land-rail.
Although Naturalists have formed various conjectures, to account for the peculiar habit of the cuckow, in abandoning its own eggs, yet, we think, such practice is far from being as unnatural as it has been commonly stigmatized. This sagacious creature lays her eggs at intervals of six or eight days; and, therefore, instinctively deposits them in the nests of other birds, because no fowl could support itself for so many weeks, while brooding, nor would it be possible for the cuckow to maintain her voracious offspring.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Cuttings

Edition of 1802.
​CUTTINGS, or slips in gardening, are those branches or sprigs of trees, which are cut or slipped off, in order to be transplanted; an operation that may be effected in any moist, fine earth. The most proper seasons for this purpose are the months of September, October, March, and April; but great care ought to be taken that the sap be not too abundant in the top, lest the cut decay, before that part which is in the ground, has taken sufficient root to support it; nor should it be too dry or scanty, as the sap in the branches promotes the growth of the root, especially if it be not planted too deep: See Transplantation.
In selecting the cuttings, those branches which have joints, knots or burrs, ought to be cut off two or three inches below the latter, and the leaves stripped so far as they are set in the earth. Small top-branches, of two or three years growth, are the most proper for this purpose.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Melic-grass

Edition of 1802.
​MELIC-GRASS, or Melica, L. a genus of perennial plants, comprising 14 species, of which the following are the principal:
1. The nutans, or Mountain Melic-grass, which abounds in the mountainous woods of the northern parts of Britain: it flowers in the months of June and July. This species is eaten by cows, horses, and goats;—in the Isle of Raasay, it is manufactured into twine for fishing-nets, which are remarkable for their durability.
​2. The cœrulea, or Purple Melic-grass, growing on boggy barren meadows and pastures, and flowering in the months of July and August. This valuable plant is eagerly eaten by horses, sheep, and goats: it also affords an excellent substitute for hair, in the manufacture of brooms, which furnish considerable employment for the country people, in the western counties of England.
3. The ciliata, or Fringed Melic-grass:
4. The altissima, or Lofty Melic-grass:—both are exotic, but valuable plants; as the former thrives on barren stony hills, where its stalk grows from two to three feet high, and is an excellent pasture-grass; while the latter is of a bushy nature, delights in almost every soil, and is much relished by cattle. Both species, therefore, deserve to be diligently cultivated in the northern parts of Britain, where large trads of mountainous land produce scarcely any grass for sheep.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Marjoram

Edition of 1802.
​MARJORAM, or Origanum, L. a genus of perennial plants, comprising 14 species: of these, one only is indigenous, namely, the vulgare, Common, Wild, or Field Marjoram, which grows in thickets and hedges; it flowers in the months of July and August.
This plant delights in a calcareous soil, and is easily propagated either by its seed, or by slips of the roots. It is a fragrant aromatic, has a pungent, spicy taste, and is much esteemed for culinary purposes; especially for imparting a fine flavour to broths.—The dried leaves are uncommonly grateful, and are sometimes used as a substitute for tea.—An essential, but extremely acrid, oil is expressed from this herb, and which is often employed by farriers as a caustic.—If a little cotton wool, moistened with such oil, be introduced into the hollow of an aching tooth, it frequently tends to relieve the pain.—The whole plant, excepting the root, when boiled in water, imparts a bright red and deep brown colour to wool, especially if the latter be frequently taken out of the liquor, and properly beaten. But, if linen is to be dyed of a purple colour, it ought to be previously steeped in alum water, then immersed for 48 hours in a decoction made of the bark of the crab-tree.—In Germany, the dried herb ​is occasionally suspended in a cask of beer, with a view to correct its tart or acid taste.—Goats and sheep eat its leaves and stalks; but they are not relished by horses; and totally refused by cows.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Mazzards

Edition of 1802.
​Mazzards. See Common Wild Cherry-tree.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Mead

Edition of 1802.
​MEAD, an agreeable liquor prepared of honey and water, with the addition of spices.
Various methods are practised in the brewing of mead; which, however, do not essentially differ from each other; the following is one of the most approved:—Let the whites of six eggs be well incorporated with twelve gallons of water, to which twenty pounds of honey are to be added. The ingredients should boil for the space of one hour; when a little ginger, cloves, cinnamon, and mace, together with a small sprig of rosemary, are to be put into the liquor. As soon as it is cool, a spoonful of yeast ought to be added, and the mead poured into a vessel which should be filled up, while it works. When the fermentation ceases, the cask ought to be closed, and deposited for the space of six or eight months in a vault, or cellar, of an equal temperature, and in which the liquor is not liable to be affected by the changes of the weather. At the end of that period, it may be bottled, and is then fit for use
A more simple, and, to some palates, more agreeable method is, to mix the honey in the proportion of one pound to a quart of water, which is to be boiled, scummed, and fermented in the usual manner, without the addition of any aromatic substances. It ought to be preserved in a similar manner, and bottled at the expiration of the same period of time.
Mead was formerly the favourite liquor of the ancient Britons, and Anglo-Saxons. It still retains its place at country feasts in the western parts of this island; where considerable quantities are brewed annually. Being an wholesome and pleasant beverage, it is far preferable to brandy, gin, or other pernicious spirits; though it does not always agree with the bilious, asthmatic, or those whose breast and lungs are in the least affected. But, if it be kept for a number of years in proper vessels, and dry cellars, it acquires a flavour and strength equal to the best Madeira or even Tokay wines: in this state, mead is a true medicine to the aged ​and infirm, when used with moderation.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Meadow-saffron

Edition of 1802.
​MEADOW-SAFFRON, or Tuberoot, Colchicum autumnale, L. an indigenous perennial plant, being the principal of three species; growing in meadows; flowering in the months of August and September.
The flower of this hardy plant rises immediately from the root, and its large leaves appear in the succeeding spring: the former afford a beautiful variety of purple, white, red, rose-coloured, yellow, &c. with single and double flowers.—This vegetable is more ornamental than useful; and, though it frequently occupies a considerable part of a meadow, it is never touched by horses.
In its medicinal properties, the Meadow-Saffron resembles those of the Squill: the root of the former has ever been considered as an acrid poison, but it is less injurious in autumn than in the spring; its seed is also deleterious, though not mortal to either man or cattle.—The juice expressed from the leaves of this plant, wheu rubbed on the skin of animals, affords a very powerful and effectual remedy against vermin, with which they are often infested.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Market

Edition of 1802.
​MARKET, a public place in a city or town, where live cattle, provisions, or other commodities are exposed to sale.
In the country, each article sold in markets must be deposited in the usual place appointed for its sale; but, in London, every shop is a kind of open market.
By the 1 Jac. I. c. 21, all contracts for any article vendible in markets are obligatory; and sales alter or transfer the property, provided they be made in conformity to the following rules; viz. 1. The sale must be in an open place, appointed for the disposal of such goods, so that any person passing by may see it. 2. It must be actual, that is, for a valuable consideration. 3. The buyer is not obliged to know that the vendor has a wrong title to the commodities sold. 4. Such sale ought not to be fraudulent between two persons, with a view to deprive a third of his right or property. 5. There must be a sale and contract, by persons who are legally qualified to execute the same. 6. Such contract should be made in open market. 7. Toll ought to be paid, wherever it is made payable by any statute. 8. The sale ought to be made between sun-rise and sun-set; though, if it be in the night, it is equally binding on the parties. Lastly, if goods, stolen in London, be sold to brokers, &c. the property of the original proprietor remains unaltered.—Beside these rules, the wisdom of the legislature has provided various other regulations, admirably calculated to prevent fraud and imposition, but which our limits will not permit us to detail.—See also Fair.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Melasses

Edition of 1802.
​Melasses. See Molasses.
# Emancipation

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "Emancipation."
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This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* Emancipation, a poem by Elizabeth Margaret Chandler
* Emancipation (1890), a poem by Emily Dickinson
* Emancipation, a poem by Paul Laurence Dunbar
* "Emancipation" (1915), a short story in Harper's Magazine by Mary Eleanor Wilkins Freeman
* Emancipation, a work by Mary Martha Sherwood
* "Emancipation" (1925), a short story by Rabindranath Tagore
# Emancipation. A Life Fable

There was once an animal born into this world, and opening his eyes upon Life, he saw above and about him confining walls, and before him were bars of iron through which came air and light from without; this animal was born in a cage.
Here he grew, and throve in strength and beauty under the care of an invisible protecting hand. Hungering, food was ever at hand. When he thirsted water was brought, and when he felt the need to rest, there was provided a bed of straw upon which to lie; and here he found it good, licking his handsome flanks, to bask in the sun beam that he thought existed but to lighten his home.
Awaking one day from his slothful rest, lo! the door of his cage stood open: accident had opened it. In the corner he crouched, wondering and fearingly. Then slowly did he approach the door, dreading the unaccustomed, and would have closed it, but for such a task his limbs were purposeless. So out the opening he thrust his head, to see the canopy of the sky grow broader, and the world waxing wider.
Back to his corner but not to rest, for the spell of the Unknown was over him, and again and again he goes to the open door, seeing each time more Light.
Then one time standing in the flood of it; a deep in-drawn breath – a bracing of strong limbs, and with a bound he was gone.
On he rushes, in his mad flight, heedless that he is wounding and tearing his sleek sides – seeing, smelling, touching of all things; even stopping to put his lips to the noxious pool, thinking it may be sweet.
Hungering there is no food but such as he must seek and ofttimes fight for; and his limbs are weighted before he reaches the water that is good to his thirsting throat.
So does he live, seeking, finding, joying and suffering. The door which accident had opened is opened still, but the cage remains forever empty!
# Emancipation Day

Originally read by Milton Holland at the Emancipation Banquet, Washington, DC on April 13, 1883
Sound aloud the trump of freedom, Let the answering echo ring, While with liberty commanding, We our heartfelt tribute bring; As we gather round Columbia, Let us scatter on the way Flowers of love and flowers of trusting, For Emancipation Day. Let us pray for benedictions While we bow in reverence low At the shrine of noble heroes Bravely charging on the foe. Gladly we hear our welcome, To this feast of Liberty.
Lo, the car of progress moving, Over all Columbia’s land; Gifted men are proudly coming And we take them by the hand– Men of different race and color, Yet our peers in soul and brain, And their names shall soon be sculptured On the towering dome of fame.
Float aloft the stars of glory, For we love to tell the story That is written on the pages Of Columbia’s record true: How amid the cannon’s rattle, And the shot and shell of battle, Chains of living death were broken By our gallant boys in blue!
Ah! our soldiers never faltered; Never heeded they the gloom; Quailed not when the shock of battle Seemed the eternal knell of doom; But with comrades pale and bleeding Only heard Columbia pleading– “Wipe away from my escutcheon Every trace of human woe. Let my rightful sons and daughters Of whatever race they be, Hear the clarion voice of heroes, Making way for liberty.
Let no cloud of dark oppression, Linger in Columbia’s sky, Let the joyful shout of freedom Rise aloft to God on high!”
Days were dark and fierce the struggle– Can it be the day is lost? Came from many an anguished mother, As she reckoned up the cost, Of the blood and of the treasure, Given freely without measure, As the price of liberty.
But amid the desolation, Spreading o’er our glorious land Came the news– Emancipation, Has been reached– the proclamation, Far above the cannon’s roar Sounded loud, o’er hill and valley. Bells were ringing, hearts were singing As they never sung before.
For the shackles had been broken, And four millions souls were free, That ’till then had never tasted Of the joys of liberty! And to-day we gladly greet them, As we gather ’round to meet them, And to take them by the hand– Men whose throbbing souls ignited At the watch-fires freedom lighted. Freedom’s altar fires, still burning Flash and sparkle at each turning, As the car of progress moving, Rolls them on to nobler fame.
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
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# Emancipation (Dunbar)

Fling out your banners, your honors be bringing, Raise to the ether your paeans of praise. Strike every chord and let music be ringing! Celebrate freely this day of all days.
Few are the years since that notable blessing, Raised you from slaves to the powers of men. Each year has seen you my brothers progressing, Never to sink to that level again.
Perched on your shoulders sits Liberty smiling, Perched where the eyes of the nations can see. Keep from her pinions all contact defiling; Show by your deeds what you're destined to be.
Press boldly forward nor waver, nor falter. Blood has been freely poured out in your cause, Lives sacrificed upon Liberty's alter. Press to the front, it were craven to pause.
Look to the heights that are worth your attaining Keep your feet firm in the path to the goal. Toward noble deeds every effort be straining. Worthy ambition is food for the soul!
Up! Men and brothers, be noble, be earnest! Ripe is the time and success is assured; Know that your fate was the hardest and sternest When through those lash-ringing days you endured.
Never again shall the manacles gall you Never again shall the whip stroke defame! Nobles and Freemen, your destinies call you Onward to honor, to glory and fame.
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Emanuel, or Children of the Soil

EMANUEL
OR
CHILDREN OF THE SOIL
All Rights Reserved.
Preface
Note
Book I
    Chapter I
    Chapter II
    Chapter III
    Chapter IV
    Chapter V
    Chapter VI
    Chapter VII
    Chapter VIII
    Chapter IX
Book II
    Chapter I
    Chapter II
    Chapter III
    Chapter IV
    Chapter V
    Chapter VI
    Chapter VII
    Chapter VIII
    Chapter IX
    Chapter X
Book III
    Chapter I
    Chapter II
    Chapter III
    Chapter IV
    Chapter V
    Chapter VI
    Chapter VII
    Chapter VIII
    Chapter IX
    Chapter X
    Chapter XI
    Chapter XII
    Chapter XIII
    Chapter XIV
Book IV
    Chapter I
    Chapter II
    Chapter III
    Chapter IV
    Chapter V
    Chapter VI
Book V
    Chapter I
    Chapter II
    Chapter III
    Chapter IV
This work is a translation and has a separate copyright status to the applicable copyright protections of the original content.
# Dugan v. Ohio

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
277 U.S. 61
Dugan v. Ohio
Argued: April 10, 1928. --- Decided: May 14, 1928
Messrs. F. L. Johnson, of Xenia, Ohio, and Robert F. Cogswell, of Washington, D. C., for plaintiff in error.
Mr. Joseph A. Finney, of Xenia, Ohio, for the State of Ohio.
Mr. Chief Justice TAFT delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
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