OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Orleans, Louis, Duke of (1703-1752)

See also Louis d'Orléans, Duke of Orléans on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​ORLEANS, LOUIS, Duke of (1703–1752), only son of Duke Philip II., the regent Orleans, was born at Versailles on the 4th of August 1703. A pious, charitable and cultured prince, he took very little part in the politics of the time, although he was conspicuous for his hostility to Cardinal Dubois in 1723. In 1730 Cardinal Fleury secured his dismissal from the position of colonel-general of the infantry, a post which he had held for nine years; and retiring into private life, he spent his time mainly in translating the Psalms and the epistles of St Paul. Having succeeded his father as duke of Orleans in 1723, he died in the abbey of St Genevieve at Paris on the 4th of February 1752. His wife Augusta (d. 1726), daughter of Louis William, margrave of Baden, bore him an only son, Louis Philippe, who succeeded his father as duke of Orleans.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Orleans, Jean Baptiste Gaston, Duke of

See also Gaston, Duke of Orleans on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​ORLEANS, JEAN BAPTISTE GASTON, Duke of (1608–1660), third son of the French king Henry IV., and his wife Marie de Medici, was born at Fontainebleau on the 25th of April 1608. Known at first as the duke of Anjou, he was created duke of Orleans in 1626, and was nominally in command of the army which besieged La Rochelle in 1628, having already entered upon that course of political intrigue which was destined to occupy the remainder of his life. On two occasions he was obliged to leave France for conspiring against the government of his mother and of Cardinal Richelieu; and after waging an unsuccessful war in Languedoc, he took refuge in Flanders. Reconciled with his brother Louis XIII., he plotted against Richelieu in 1635, fled from the country, and then submitted to the king and the cardinal. Soon afterwards the same process was repeated. Orleans stirred up Cinq-Mars to attempt Richelieu's murder, and then deserted his unfortunate accomplice. In 1643, on the death of Louis XIII., Gaston became lieutenant-general of the kingdom, and fought against Spain on the northern frontiers of France; but during the wars of the Fronde he passed with great facility from one party to the other. Then exiled by Mazarin to Blois in 1652 he remained there until his death on the 2nd of February 1660. Gaston’s first wife was Marie (d. 1627), daughter and heiress of Henri de Bourbon, duc de Montpensier (d. 1608), and his second wife was Marguerite (d. 1672), sister of Charles III., duke of Lorraine. By Marie he left a daughter, Anne Marie, duchesse de Montpensier (q.v.); and by Marguerite he left three daughters, Marguerite Louise (1645–1721), wife of Cosimo III., grand duke of Tuscany; Elizabeth (1646–1696), wife of Louis Joseph, duke of Guise; and Françoise Madeleine (1648–1664), wife of Charles Emmanuel II., duke of Savoy. (M. P.*)
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Orleans, Philip I., Duke of

See also Philippe I, Duke of Orléans on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​ORLEANS, PHILIP I., Duke of (1640–1701), son of the French king Louis XIII., was born at St Germain-en-Laye on the 21st of September 1640. In 1661 he was created duke of Orleans, and married Henrietta, sister of Charles II. of England; but the marriage was not a happy one, and the death of the duchess in 1670 was attributed to poison. Subsequently he married Charlotte Elizabeth, daughter of Charles Louis, elector palatine of the Rhine. Having fought with distinction in Flanders in 1667, Monsieur, as Orleans was generally called, returned to military life in 1672, and in 1677 gained a great victory at Cassel and took St Omer. Louis XIV., it was said, was jealous of his brother’s success; at all events Orleans never commanded an army again. He died at St Cloud on the 8th of June 1701, leaving a son, Philip, the regent Orleans, and two daughters: Anne Marie (1669–1728), wife of Victor Amadeus II., duke of Savoy; and Elizabeth Charlotte (1676–1744), wife of Leopold, duke of Lorraine. His eldest daughter, Marie Louise (1662–1689), wife of Charles II. of Spain, died before her father. (M. P.*)
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Orleans, Philip II., Duke of

See also Philippe II, Duke of Orléans on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​ORLEANS, PHILIP II., Duke of (1674–1723), regent of France, son of Philip I., duke of Orleans, and his second wife, the princess palatine, was born on the 2nd of August 1674, and had his first experience of arms at the siege of Mons in 1691. His marriage with Mlle de Blois, the legitimized daughter of Louis XIV., won him the favour of the king. He fought with distinction at Steinkerk, Neerwinden and Namur (1692–1695). During the next few years, being without employment, he studied natural science. He was next given a command in Italy (1706) and in Spain (1707–1708) where he gained some important successes, but he cherished lofty ambitions and was suspected of wishing to take the place of Philip V. on the throne of Spain. Louis XIV. was angry at these pretensions, and for a long time held him in disfavour. In his will, however, he appointed him president of the council of regency of the young King Louis XV. (1715). After the death of the king, the duke of Orleans went to the parlement, had the will annulled, and himself invested with absolute power. At first he made a good use of this, counselling economy, decreasing taxation, disbanding 25,000 soldiers and restoring liberty to the persecuted Jansenists. But the inquisitorial measures which he had begun against the financiers led to disturbances. He was, moreover, weak enough to countenance the risky operations of the banker John Law (1717), whose bankruptcy led to such a disastrous crisis in the public and private affairs of France.
There existed a party of malcontents who wished to transfer the regency from Orleans to Philip V., king of Spain. A conspiracy was formed, under the inspiration of Cardinal Alberoni, first minister of Spain, and directed by the prince of Cellamare, Spanish ambassador in France, with the complicity of the duke and duchess of Maine; but in 1718 it was discovered and defeated. Dubois, formerly tutor to the duke of Orleans, and now his all-powerful minister, caused war to be declared against Spain, with the support of the emperor, and of England and Holland (Quadruple Alliance). After some successes of the French marshal, the duke of Berwick, in Spain, and of the imperial troops in Sicily, Philip V. made peace with the regent (1720).
On the majority of the king, which was declared on the 15th of February 1723, the duke of Orleans resigned the supreme power; but he became first minister to the king, and remained in office till his death on the 23rd of December 1723. The regent had great qualities, both brilliant and solid, which were unfortunately spoilt by an excessive taste for pleasure. His dissolute manners found only too many imitators, and the regency was one of the most corrupt periods in French history.
See J. B. H. R. Capefigue, Histoire de Philippe d’Orleans, regent de France (2 vols., Paris, 1838); A. Baudrillart, Philippe V. et la cour de France, vol. ii. (Paris, 1890); and L. Wiesener, Le regent, l’abbé Dubois et les Anglais (3 vols., Paris, 1891–1899). (M. P.*)
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Orleans, Henri, Prince of

See also Prince Henri of Orléans on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​ORLEANS, HENRI, Prince of (1867–1901), eldest son of Robert, duke of Chartres, was born at Ham, near Richmond, Surrey, on the 16th of October 1867. In 1889, at the instance of his father, who paid the expenses of the tour, he undertook, in company with MM. Bonvalot and Dedecken, a journey through Siberia to Siam. In the course of their travels they crossed the ​mountain range of Tibet, and the fruits of their observations, submitted to the Geographical Society of Paris (and later incorporated in De Paris au Tonkin à travers le Tibet inconnu, published in 1892), brought them conjointly the gold medal of that society. In 1892 the prince made a short journey of exploration in East Africa, and shortly afterwards visited Madagascar, proceeding thence to Tongking. From this point he set out for Assam, and was successful in discovering the sources of the river Irrawaddy, a brilliant geographical achievement which secured the medal of the Geographical Society of Paris and the cross of the Legion of Honour. In 1897 he revisited Abyssinia, and political differences arising from this trip led to a duel with the comte de Turin, in which both combatants were wounded. While on a trip to Assam in 1901 he died at Saigon on the 9th of August. Prince Henri was a somewhat violent Anglophobe, and his diatribes against Great Britain contrasted rather curiously with the cordial reception which his position as a traveller obtained for him in London, where he was given the gold medal of the Royal Geographical Society.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Orleans, Louis Philippe, Duke of

See also Louis Philippe I, Duke of Orléans on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE, Duke of (1725–1785), son of Louis, duke of Orleans, was born at Versailles on the 12th of May 1725, and was known as the duke of Chartres until his father’s death in 1752. Serving with the French armies he distinguished himself in the campaigns of 1742, 1743 and 1744, and at the battle of Fontenoy in 1745, retiring to Bagnolet in 1757, and occupying his time with theatrical performances and the society of men of letters. He died at St Assise on the 18th of November 1785. The duke married Louise Henriette de Bourbon-Conti, who bore him a son Philip (Egalité), duke of Orleans, and a daughter, who married the last duke of Bourbon. His second wife, Madame de Montesson, whom he married secretly in 1773, was a clever woman and an authoress of some repute. He had two natural sons, known as the abbot of St Far and the abbot of St Albin.
See L’Automne d’un prince, a collection of letters from the duke to his second wife, edited by J. Hermand (1910).
# A Book of Nursery Songs and Rhymes/Three Children Sliding

​XXXIV. THREE CHILDREN SLIDING
Three children sliding on the ice Upon a summer's day, As it fell out they all fell in, The rest they ran away.
​A lord there was who with the king A mighty wager makes, But when he saw he could not win, He would have drawn the stakes.
He said 'twould bear a man to slide, And laid a hundred pound; The king said 'twould break and not abide, Where children three were drowned.
Of which one's head was from his should- ers stuck, whose name was John; Who then cried out, as loud as he could, 'Oh lon-a-lon-a-don!'
Thus being drowned, alack! alack! Water ran down their throats, And stopped their breath, three hours by th' clock, Ere they could get the boats.
Now had these children been at home, Or sliding on dry ground, Ten thousand pounds to one penny They had not all been drowned.
Ye parents all, that children have, And ye that eke have none, If you would keep them from the grave, Pray make them stay at home.
# A Book of Nursery Songs and Rhymes/Three Dukes a-Riding

GAME RHYMES
​I. THREE DUKES A-RIDING
ALL. Here come three dukes a-riding, A-riding, a-riding, a-riding, Here come three Dukes a-riding, To court your daughter Jane.
MOTHER. 'My daughter Jane is all too young, To list t' your foolish flattering tongue.'
THE DUKES. 'O, be she young or be she old, She for her beauty shall be sold. So fare thee well, my lady gay, We'll take our horses and ride away, And call again some other day.'
MOTHER. 'Come back, come back! you Spanish knight, And clean your spurs, they are not bright.'
THE DUKES. 'My spurs are bright and richly wrought, And in this city they were bought, And in this city I sha'n't be told They are not bright; they sha'n't be sold, Neither for silver, copper, nor gold.'
​MOTHER. 'Come back, come back! you Spanish Jack, And show your boots that are not black.'
THE DUKES. 'O Spanish Jack it is not my name, I'll stamp my foot and swear the same. So fare thee well, my lady gay, We'll take our horses and ride away, And call again another day.'
MOTHER. 'Come back, come back! you Spanish knight, And choose the fairest in your sight.'
THE DUKES. 'This is the fairest maid I see, So pray, young damsel, to walk with me.'
[When all the daughters in turn have been taken away, they are brought back to their mother in the same order, the dukes chanting:—]
THE DUKES. 'We've brought your daughter safe and sound, And in each pocket a thousand pound, And on each finger a gay gold ring, So do not refuse the maid we bring, But open your door and take her in.'
​MOTHER. 'I'll take her in with all my heart, For she and I were loth to part.'
# A Book of Nursery Songs and Rhymes/There was an old woman who lived in a shoe

​XXXV.
There was an old woman who lived in a shoe, She had so many children, she didn't know what to do. She gave them some broth, without any bread, And she whipped 'em all round and sent 'em to bed.
# A Book of Nursery Songs and Rhymes/Three Jovial Welshmen

​III. THREE JOVIAL WELSHMEN
There were three jovial Welshmen, They would go hunt a fox. They swore they saw sly Reynard, Run over yonder rocks, ​With a whoop! whoop! whoop! and halloo! With a blast of the bugle-horn! With a twang, twang, twang, taulidi, O! With a ting, ting, ting, tingle, O! And a blast of my bugle-horn! And thro' the woods we'll ride, brave boys! With a blast of my bugle-horn.
The first we espied was a woman A-combing her golden locks. She swore she had seen sly Reynard Among her geese and her ducks. With a whoop! etc.
The second we espied was a parson, And he was dressed in black. He swore he had seen sly Reynard, A-hung on a huntsman's back. With a whoop! etc.
The third we espied was a miller, And he was grinding his mill. He swore he had seen sly Reynard A-run over yonder hill. With a whoop! etc.
The fourth we espied was a blind man, And as blind as blind could be. ​He swore he had seen sly Reynard Run up in a hollow tree. With a whoop! etc.
The fifth we espied was a shepherd, And he was watching his lambs. He swore that he saw sly Reynard, So weary he could not stand. With a whoop! etc.
There never, I trow, was a Reynard That ran out that day at all. 'Twas naught but a little grey Pussy Sat purring upon an old wall. With a whoop! etc.
O then what a world 'tis o' liars This is as to me appears. I never will trust but my own eyes, And only will trust my own ears. With a whoop! etc.
# A Book of Nursery Songs and Rhymes/There were two blackbirds sat on a hill

​LIII.
There were two blackbirds sat on a hill, One named Jack, and the other named Jill. Fly away, Jack! fly away, Jill! Come back, Jack! come back, Jill!
# A Book of Nursery Songs and Rhymes/This little pig went to market

​LXXXII.
This little pig went to market; This little pig stayed at home; This little pig had a bit of meat; And this little pig had none; This little pig said, Wee, wee, wee! I can't find my way home.
# A Book of Nursery Songs and Rhymes/Three blind mice! see, how they run!

​LXXXI.
Three blind mice! see, how they run! They all ran after the farmer's wife, Who cut off their tails with the carving-knife! Did you ever see such a thing in your life? Three blind mice!
# A Book of Nursery Songs and Rhymes/Three wise men of Gotham

​IX.
Three wise men of Gotham Went to sea in a bowl, If the bowl had been stronger My story had been longer.
# A Book of Nursery Songs and Rhymes/There were two birds sat on a stone

​VI.
There were two birds sat on a stone, One flew away, and then there was one. The other flew after, and then there was none, And nothing was left but the stone alone.
# A Book of Nursery Songs and Rhymes/To market, to market

​LXXXVII.
To market, to market, To buy a plum bun: Home again, home again, Market is done.
# A Chinese and English vocabulary, in the Tie-chiu dialect/Hiu
### Hiu.
#### 休$^1$

    To cease; rest; repudiate; congratulate.

#### 咻$^1$

    To call to; to call in a confused manner; to mourn.

#### 㹯$^1$

    A certain animal said to devour tigers.

#### 鵂$^1$

    A certain ominous bird.

#### 幽$^1$

    Shady; hidden; deep recess; retirement.

#### 攸$^1$

    To travel on water; cheerful; remote; who or which.

#### 悠$^1$

    Mournful; thoughtful; alas! remote; vast; at leisure.

#### 麀$^1$

    A roe; a female deer.
# A Chinese and English vocabulary, in the Tie-chiu dialect/Ho
### Ho.
#### 侯$^{-1}$

    A prince; viceroy.

#### 䙈$^{-1}$

    A small garment.

#### 餱$^{-1}$

    Dry provisions; food previously dressed.

#### 戶$^{-3}$

    A door; a family; to protect; chief.

#### 戽$^{-3}$

    To take out with the hand or with a ladle; a ladle.

#### 后$^{-3}$

    A prince; a queen; to succeed to; after

#### 逅$^{-3}$

    To meet by accident; gratified; insincere.

#### 雨$^{-3}$

    Rain
# A Chinese and English vocabulary, in the Tie-chiu dialect/Hong
### Hong.
#### 弘$^{-1}$

    The sound of a bow string; great; large; to enlarge.

#### 泓$^{-1}$

    Deep; clear; profound.

#### 宏$^{-1}$

    Rest; repose; the echo in a large house; vast; large.

#### 閎$^{-1}$

    The gate of a street or lane; the bar of a gate; wide; great.

#### 洪$^{-1}$

    A deluge; great; vast.

#### 烘$^{-1}$

    The flame of a torch.

#### 鴻$^{-1}$

    Name of a bird similar to a goose; vast; large.

#### 𤇺$^1$

    Herbage shooting forth; a fine countenance; plump.

#### 夅$^1$

    To descend; submit; to cause to descend.

#### 峯$^1$

    The peak or summit of a mill.

#### 𤇺$^1$

    A hollow brick pyramid filled with combustables to be set on fire as a signal.

#### 鋒$^1$

    The point of a weapon, pencil or tongue; van of an army.

#### 封$^1$

    That which is given by the emperor or received from him; to receive; grant.

#### 風$^1$

    Custom; temper; spirit; disposition; wind. ​

#### 瘋$^1$

    A kind of leprosy.

#### 豐$^1$

    Large numerous; affluent; exuberant; flourishing.

#### 轟$^1$

    The noise of carriages or of cannon.

#### 蚌$^2$

    An oyster from which pearls are procured.

#### 俸$^2$

    The salary of government officers.

#### 棒$^2$

    A staff; club.

#### 菶$^{-3}$

    Copious; luxuriant; substantial.

#### 奉$^{-3}$

    To receive or offer in a respectful manner.

#### 捧$^{-3}$

    To offer up with both hands; to receive in both hands.

#### 鳳$^{-3}$

    An imaginary bird of good omen; a divine bird.

#### 諷$^{3-}$

    To recite; compare and satirise; poignant allusions; satire.

#### 哄$^{3-}$

    Voice of a crowd; to cheat; beguile; deceive.

#### 閧$^{3-}$

    To fight; the noise of fighting.

#### 逢$^{-1}$

    To meet with; to occur; to run against; great, wide; to happen.
# A Chinese and English vocabulary, in the Tie-chiu dialect/Hoi
### Hoi.
#### 蟹$^{-4}$

    A crab; lobster.
# A Chinese and English vocabulary, in the Tie-chiu dialect/Hui
### Hui.
#### 缶$^{-1}$

    A vessel of earthern-ware; a jar or basin.

#### 揮$^1$

    Impetuous effort; to shake; scatter; sprinkle; to move with the hand.

#### 暉$^1$

    Luminous; splendid. ​

#### 翬$^1$

    To fly rapidly with a noise.

#### 輝$^1$

    Fire; light; splendor; to shine.

#### 非$^1$

    Wrong; shameless; low; not.

#### 扉$^1$

    Folding doors made of wood.

#### 騑$^1$

    The two outer horses in a coach of four.

#### 霏$^1$

    Rain and snow; sleet.

#### 妃$^1$

    Royal concubines.

#### 麾$^1$

    A banner with which signals are made; to make a signal; speed.

#### 匪$^2$

    Not; not right; vagabonds; banditti.

#### 悱$^2$

    Endeavoring to speak out but unable.

#### 棐$^2$

    Name of a beautiful wood.

#### 斐$^2$

    Streaks or veins; variegated; fine and delicate.

#### 翡$^2$

    A small bird with reddish feathers.

#### 腓$^2$

    The calf of the leg; disease; change; to shun.

#### 菲$^2$

    Name of a vegetable; fasting; straw sandals.

#### 蜚$^2$

    Name of a disagreeable insect which destroys clothes, grain, furniture, &c.

#### 誹$^2$

    To speak against; slander.

#### 卉$^2$

    Plants; herbs; trees; thirty.

#### 虺$^2$

    A long snake; a man's name.

#### 燬$^2$

    Fire; a blaze.

#### 毀$^2$䛼$^2$

    To break in pieces; to ruin or be ruined; to slander; vilify.

#### 彗$^{-3}$

    A comet; name of a plant.

#### 嘒$^{-3}$

    Small; delicate; a soft, harmonious sound; clear; bright.

#### 慧$^{-3}$

    Intelligent; clever; ingenious.

#### 惠$^{-3}$

    Benevolence; kind; to bestow largesses; to show tenderness to the people.

#### 繐$^{-3}$

    A kind of fine, open, cool cloth; cloth used in mourning.

#### 蕙$^{-3}$

    A certain fragrant plant which grows in marshes.

#### 肺$^{3-}$

    The lungs; the mental viscera.

#### 費$^{3-}$

    To scatter wealth; expend; liberal; expense; waste; to hurt; injure.

#### 廢$^{3-}$

    To fall to ruins; to fail; to annul; lay aside.

#### 諱$^{3-}$

    To shun; avoid; dread; the name of a deceased person.
# A Chinese and English vocabulary, in the Tie-chiu dialect/Hua
### Hua.
#### 吪$^4$

    Gaping; to arouse; agitate; threaten; convert; false.
# A Chinese and English vocabulary, in the Tie-chiu dialect/Hue
### Hue.
#### 囘$^{-1}$

    To revolve; turn around; return; curved; a chapter or section.

#### 徊$^{-1}$

    Pacing back and forth in suspense or hesitation; irresolute; undetermined.

#### 廻$^{-1}$

    To bend; turn around; irresolute; unsettled.

#### 洄$^{-1}$

    An eddy; running back.

#### 茴$^{-1}$

    Fragrant plants; a medicinal plant.

#### 花$^1$

    A flower; pleasure.

#### 灰$^1$

    Ashes; cinders; lime.

#### 火$^2$

    Fire; heat; to burn.

#### 伙$^2$

    A comrade; messmate.

#### 夥$^2$

    Many; a company; partners.

#### 會$^{-3}$

    To assemble; associate; an association; to understand, a Church.

#### 化$^{3-}$

    Change; mutation; to transform; reform.

#### 貨$^{3-}$

    Articles of commerce; goods; to sell; bribe; expend.

#### 悔$^{3-}$

    To be indignant; regret; repent; repentance.

#### 晦$^{3-}$

    Last quarter of the moon; foggy; dim; obscure; evening.

#### 誨$^{3-}$

    To instruct; admonish; induce; instruction.

#### 血$^4$

    Blood.
# A Chinese and English vocabulary, in the Tie-chiu dialect/Hiàng
### Hiàng.
#### 享$^2$

    To enjoy; receive; accept; to offer to a superior.

#### 響$^2$

    Sound; noise; clamor; echo.

#### 饗$^2$

    To entertain a guest; to offer sacrifice.

#### 向$^{3-}$

    Towards; directed towards the object to which the mind or desire is directed.

#### 餉$^{3-}$

    Provisions for laborers or the army; duties paid to government.

#### 嚮$^{3-}$

    Over against; towards; to press on towards.
# A Chinese and English vocabulary, in the Tie-chiu dialect/Hok
### Hok.
#### 伏$^{-4}$

    To lie prostate on the face; hide; submit; secrete.

#### 或$^{-4}$

    Uncertain; perhaps; either; or; this or that.

#### 域$^{-4}$

    A boundary; a state; nation; the world; universe.

#### 惑$^{-4}$

    To delude; tempt; excite doubt; cause to err.

#### 棫$^{-4}$

    A bush of small thorny plants.

#### 緎$^{-4}$

    A seam; to seam.

#### 閾$^{-4}$

    The threshold of a door.

#### 斛$^{-4}$

    A measure containing ten tau; to measure.

#### 服$^{-4}$

    The abdomen; substantial; rich; to serve, to wait on; endure.

#### 復$^{-4}$

    Again; to reiterate; restore; return.

#### 幅$^4$

    A roll; a piece of cloth or paper.

#### 福$^4$

    Divine protection; happiness; a blessing.

#### 愎$^{-4}$

    Perverse; self-willed; resisting reproof.

#### 蝠$^4$

    A flying animal; a snake.

#### 輻$^4$

    The axle of a carriage.

#### 蝮$^4$

    Name of several insects and reptiles, as locusts, snakes.

#### 複$^4$

    Double garments.

#### 覆$^4$

    To subvert; ruin; defeat; to investigate; to overshadow and protect.