OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of the Swatow dialect/phoi
### phoiphoi

* 榜phoi6577510
* A list of successful candidates.

#### phoi-síu;

    the scholar at the head of the list placarded after an examination.
* 批phoi679644
* To reply officially to an inferior; to give a decision or order to subordinates; to post a judgment as is done at the door of the office; notice or report of a case.

#### cīeⁿ jît kâi tîaⁿ jîp lío ŭ phoi a būe?

    Has the plea which was entered the other day received official attention yet?

#### íⁿ-keng phoi cún lío;

    has already assented to the petition.

#### khṳ̀ lío táng i phoi hûe;

    go and wait for the official reply.

#### phoi sī;

    to publish a case.

#### úa thóiⁿ-kùe cu-phoi;

    I have seen the official paper with notes in red ink.

#### cĭu-sî cū phoi-tẁn;

    decided the case on the spot.

#### toaⁿ tèng phoi mêng-pêh;

    the order tells plainly what is to be done.

#### i kâi bûn-cieⁿ cò̤-nî phoi?

    What is the reply given in the dispatch?

#### cú-kháu phoi kàu hó̤ căi;

    the Commissioner superintending the Examinations, decided the case in an admirable way.

#### phoi mêng sì-cì;

    settle the boundaries.

#### kuaⁿ phoi po̤h chut lâi;

    what came out in the cross-examination by the magistrate.

#### phang phoi;

    side notes.
* 㓟phoi678185
* To pare; to shave off.

#### phoi tīo phûe;

    pare off the rind.

#### phoi cheⁿ-phûe lâi;

    pare green pears.
* 片phòi690910
* A thin piece of a thing.

#### hĭa-phòi;

    fragments of tiles.

#### cang àng-le cîeh-phòi tó̤ sie kâk;

    throwing potsherds and bits of stone at each other.

#### chûn cêk phòi-kíaⁿ tīaⁿ-tīaⁿ;

    have but a shaving of it left.

#### khîeh nŏ̤ phòi pang lâi kṳ̀;

    took two strips of board to saw.
# Dictionary of the Swatow dialect/phoiⁿ
### phoiⁿphoiⁿ

* 辦phōiⁿ6521609
* or pōiⁿ. To manage, to attend to, to prepare, to provide, to go on with, to transact business; to act as a factor.

#### i tó̤ chê-phōiⁿ cí kĭaⁿ sṳ̄;

    he is making official inquiry into this matter.

#### mih mûeh pĭ-phōiⁿ kàu hó̤-hó̤;

    everything is in readiness.

#### phōiⁿ i cò̤ sĭm-mih cŭe?

    Of what degree of crime is he adjudged to be guilty?

#### phōiⁿ hùe;

    to make a contract for goods.

#### pàng i lâi phōiⁿ ùaⁿ;

    depute him to come and attend to the case.

#### tó̤ phōiⁿ i kâi sṳ̄;

    manages his business for him.

#### i sĭ phōiⁿ sṳ̄ kâi nâng;

    he acts as agent.

#### íⁿ-keng phōiⁿ tît lío;

    it is already settled.

#### kuaⁿ-hú àiⁿ phōiⁿ i;

    the magistrate will inquire into it.

#### phōiⁿ kàu iap-iap thiap-thiap;

    very thoroughly attended to.
* 稗phōiⁿ6481158
* Tares; cockle; weeds among grain.

#### cí cho̤h bí seⁿ phōiⁿ: àiⁿ cîah tiang-sî tîeh cai lō̤ tīo phōiⁿ;

    this rice has cockle-seed in it: when it is to be cooked the seed must be winnowed out.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1912 supplement/Perowne, Edward Henry

​PEROWNE, EDWARD HENRY (1826–1906), Master of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, younger brother of John James Stewart Perowne [q. v. Suppl. II], was born at Burdwan, Bengal, on 8 Jan. 1826. After private education he was admitted pensioner of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, in 1846 and scholar in 1847; he was Person prizeman in 1848, members' prizeman in 1849 and 1852, and senior classic in 1850. He graduated B.A. in 1850, proceeding M.A. in 1853, B.D. in 1860, D.D. in 1863. He was admitted ad eundem (M.A.) at Oxford in 1857. Ordained deacon in 1850 and priest in 1851, he was curate of Maddermarket, Norfolk (1850–1). Elected fellow and tutor of Corpus in 1858, he became Master in 1879. He was Whitehall preacher (1864–6); Hulsean lecturer in 1866, examining chaplain to the bishop of St. Asaph (1874-88); prebendary of St. Asaph (1877–90); vice-chancellor of Cambridge University (1879–81); hon. chaplain to Queen Victoria (1898-1900), and chaplain-in-ordinary (1900-1), examining chaplain to the bishop of Worcester (1891-1901). Devoted to his college and university, a sound disciplinarian, a man of many friendships and wide interests, Perowne refused high preferment and was long one of the most conspicuous figures in the academic and social life of Cambridge. He was a strong evangelical, and in politics a somewhat rigid conservative. He died unmarried at Cambridge, after a long illness, on 5 Feb. 1906, and was buried at Grantchester. A portrait of Perowne, painted in 1885 by Rudolf Lehmann, is at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge.
His principal works were:
* 'The Christian's Daily Life, a Life of Faith,' 1860.
* 'Corporate Responsibility,' 1862.
* 'Counsel to Undergraduates on entering the University,' 1863.
* 'The God-head of Jesus,' 1867.
* 'Commentary on Galatians' (’Cambridge Bible for Schools'), 1890.
* 'Savonarola,' 1900.
[The Times, 6 Feb. 1906; Guardian, 7 Feb. 1906; Record; 9 Feb. 1906; Cambridge Review, 15 Feb. 1906 (by C. W. Moule); Crockford's Clerical Directory; Cambridge Univ. Calendar; of. Charles Whibley's In Cap and Gown (1889), p. 326.]
A. R. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Stanfield, James Field

​STANFIELD, JAMES FIELD (d. 1824), actor and author, was an Irishman who was educated in France for the Roman catholic priesthood. He did not take orders, but went to sea in a vessel engaged in the slave trade. After a terrible experience of the traffic at sea and for a short time on shore in Africa, he returned to England, one out of three survivors of the voyage. He renounced the sea and joined a theatrical company, appearing in 1786 at York, where he also tried his hand at writing a comic opera. His experience drove him into the ranks of the abolitionists, where he found many friends, including Thomas Clarkson [q. v.] In 1788 he published a vivid picture of his experience of the slave trade in a work called ‘Observations on a Guinea Voyage in a series of letters addressed to the Rev. Thomas Clarkson,’ and in the following year a vigorous poem called ‘The Guinea Voyage’ (London, 4to). In 1807 both works were published at Edinburgh in one volume. For several years he held a principal situation in the Scarborough Theatre, and he afterwards had the direction of a small company whose circuit (about 1812) was in the north of Yorkshire and some of the adjoining counties. In 1813 he published an ‘Essay on the Study and Composition of Biography’ (Sunderland, 8vo), a judicious performance, showing some erudition, but insisting overmuch upon the need of ‘moral illustration.’ He was twice married, and was father by his first wife, Mary Hoad (d. 1801) of Cheltenham, of Clarkson Stanfield [q. v.] He died in London on 10 May 1824.
[Baker's Biographia Dramatica; Monthly Review, vols. lxxix. and lxxxi.; Notes and Queries, 8th ser. xi. 301–2; Hampstead Record, 27 Dec. 1890; information from Mr. Field Stanfield.]
C. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Stanger, Christopher

​STANGER, CHRISTOPHER (1759–1834), physician, son of a merchant of Whitehaven, was born in 1759. His family had for several centuries owned estates near Keswick, and a township to the west of Derwentwater once bore their name (Nicolson and Burn, History of Westmoreland and Cumberland, ii. 68). Stanger, after having been apprenticed to a surgeon at Newcastle-on-Tyne, graduated M.D. at Edinburgh on 24 June 1783. His dissertation bore the title ‘De iis quæ ad Sanitatem conservandam plurimum conferre videntur.’ He next studied for four years at the chief medical schools of the continent, including Paris, Vienna, Montpellier, Gottingen, and Leyden. On his return he established a practice in London, and was admitted L.R.C.P. on 30 Sept. 1789. Next year he was appointed Gresham professor of medicine, and in 1792 became physician to the Foundling Hospital.
In June 1793 Stanger was chosen to act with John Cooke (1756–1838) [q. v.] and William Charles Wells [q. v.] on a committee formed by the licentiates of the Royal College of Physicians to present an address ​to the college claiming to be admitted fellows. Among the signatories was John Aikin (1747–1822) [q. v.], the biographer, who was in consequence refused the use of the college library (Memoir, ed. Lucy Aikin, p. 178). The petitioners were excluded under a by-law which declared that fellows should be graduates of Oxford or Cambridge, despite the eminence of the medical school of Edinburgh. The college refused to receive the address, and Stanger applied to the law-courts. On 27 Jan. 1796 the court of king's bench granted a rule to compel the president and fellows to show cause why they should not admit Stanger. On 23 April, when Erskine appeared for the defendants, the rule was discharged by Lord Chief-justice Kenyon on the ground of an informality in Stanger's application. The case was reopened in the autumn, and was argued by Adair, Law, Chambre, and Christian for the plaintiffs, with Erskine, Warren, and Gibbs for the defendants, 13–16 May 1797; but the court unanimously refused the mandamus. In 1798 Stanger appealed to the public in ‘A Justification of the Right of every well-educated Physician of fair character and mature age, residing within the Jurisdiction of the College of Physicians of London, to be admitted a fellow if competent.’ In this able pamphlet it was shown that Lord Mansfield had decided in 1767 that the college were bound under their charter to admit as fellows all duly qualified licentiates of whatever university. But Stanger's efforts produced little effect. Isaac Schomberg (1714–1780) [q. v.] had unavailingly put forth a somewhat similar claim in 1753. Stanger, who possessed extensive attainments and great energy, also published ‘Remarks on the Necessity and Means of suppressing Contagious Fevers in the Metropolis,’ 1802, 12mo, and contributed a paper on ‘Coughs’ to the ‘Transactions of the Medical and Chirurgical Society.’ He died in London on 21 Sept. 1834.
G. Le G. N.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Stanford, Charles

​STANFORD, CHARLES (1823–1886), divine, son of Joseph Stanford, shoemaker (d. 1862), was born at Green Lane, Northampton, on 9 March 1823. He was for some time a shoemaker, then a lawyer's clerk, and afterwards a bookseller's assistant. In 1839, at the age of sixteen, he commenced preaching, and on 22 Oct. 1841 entered the Baptist College at Bristol. His first pastorate was at Sparrow Hill, Loughborough, where he stayed from 1845 to Christmas 1846. On 7 March 1847 he became minister of the United Presbyterian and Baptist Church at Devizes, where his congregation gradually increased, and where he on 9 April 1852 opened a new chapel. In May 1858 he was elected co-pastor with Dr. Edward Steane of Denmark Place Chapel, Camberwell, Surrey; and in May 1861, on the retirement of Steane, received the full charge. He remained at Camberwell till his death. In 1860 he visited Taunton, where, and in the neighbourhood, he succeeded in collecting valuable information for his work, ‘J. Alleine, his Companions and his Times: a Memorial of Black Bartholomew.’ This was published in 1861.
In 1878 Stanford received the degree of D.D. from Brown's University, Rhode Island, America. He was the president of the London Baptist Association in 1882. From November 1881 he became almost blind from glaucoma, but prepared his work for the press with a typewriter. He died at 26 De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, on 18 March 1886, and was buried at Norwood on 24 March. He was twice married. In addition to many sermons and devotional treatises, he ​published:
* ‘Power in Weakness: Memorials of W. Rhodes of Damersham,’ 1858; 3rd edit. 1870.
* ‘Home and Church: a Chapter in Family Life at Old Maze Pond,’ 1871.
* ‘Philip Doddridge, D.D.’, 1880 (‘Men Worth Knowing’ series).
* ‘A Memorial of the Rev. E. Steane,’ 1882.
* ‘The Wit and Humour of Life; being Familiar Talks with Young Christians,’ 1886.
[Charles Stanford's Memories and Letters, edited by his wife, 1889, with a portrait; Baptist Handbook, 1887, pp. 120–2.]
G. C. B.
# Dildrum, King of the Cats

An example of The King of the Cats folk-story.
* "Dildrum, King of the Cats", Notes and Queries. Series 2, Volume 10, December 15, 1860.
* "Dildrum, King of the Cats", Lancashire Legends, Traditions, Pageants, Sports, &c. 1873.
# Dillingham v. McLaughlin

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
264 U.S. 370
Dillingham v. McLaughlin
Argued: March 17, 1924. --- Decided: April 7, 1924
Messrs. O. D. Burden, of Syracuse, N. Y., and Terry A. Lyon, of Washington, D. C., for appellants and cross-appellees.
Mr. Edward G. Griffin, of Albany, N. Y., for appellees and cross-appellants.
Mr. Justice HOLMES delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Dillman v. Hastings

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
144 U.S. 136
Dillman v. Hastings
A. S. Worthington, for appellant.
Mr. Chief Justice FULLER delivered the opinion of the court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Dill v. Ebey

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
229 U.S. 199
Dill v. Ebey
Argued: March 17, 1913. --- Decided: May 26, 1913
Messrs. Frank B. Burford and John H. Burford for plaintiff in error.
Messrs. Frederic D. Mckenney and Clinton A. Galbraith for defendant in error.
Mr. Justice Pitney delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Borage

Edition of 1802.
​BORAGE, the Common, or Borago officinalis, L. a native plant, frequently found growing in waste lands, and upon old walls; it is rough, and clothed with small prickly hairs; has alternate leaves, and bears blue spreading flowers in June and July. See With. 230, and Engl. Bot. 36.
The flowers of the borage are much frequented by bees, and the plant itself may be used as a culinary vegetable, or as an ingredient in lettuce-salad, to which it imparts an agreeable flavour. The whole of this plant abounds with nitrous particles, which may be easily obtained by elixation; for after evaporating the lixivium to a proper consistence, and allowing it to stand in a cool place, crystals will be formed, which deflagrate upon the fire, and possess all the properties of salt-petre.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Bottle

Edition of 1802.
​BOTTLE, a small vessel made of glass, leather, or stone. Glass-bottles are better for cyder than those of any other substance.
Dr. Percival censures the common practice of cleansing wine-bottles with shot; for if, through inattention, any of it should remain, when the bottles are again filled with wine, the metal will be dissolved, and the liquor impregnated with its deleterious qualities. For this reason, he recommends pot-ash in preference to shot, as a few ounces of the former dissolved in water, will cleanse a great number of bottles: and where the impurities adhere to the sides, a few pieces of blotting paper put into the vessel, and shaken with the water, will remove them in an expeditious manner.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Bohea

Edition of 1802.
​BOHEA, a species of tea which is generally used for breakfast, with or without milk. It was formerly supposed, that infusions of this herb would sensibly satisfy the cravings of hunger, and afford a balsamic nutriment; for which reason they were highly recommended in decays and inward ulcerations, especially those of the lungs. But such virtues are no longer attributed to these, or any other tea-leaves: on the contrary, it is now generally understood, that all warm or hot liquors, and tea in particular, have a direct tendency to weaken the organs of digestion, and consequently to impair the appetite for food. From this circumstance, we apprehend, it has erroneously been inferred, that such beverage is nourishing.—See Tea.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Borax

Edition of 1802.
​BORAX, in chemistry, a salt produced in the mountains of Thibet, in Asia, both naturally and artificially by evaporation.
The borax imported from China is purer than that of Thibet, and is found in a natural state in small masses of irregular crystals, of a faint white colour. Beside the vitrescible earth, which is an essential principle of borax, it contains copper and the marine acid, but no traces of the vitriolic. It has also been clearly proved by experiments, that borax consists of fossil alkali, in some degree neutralized by a peculiar salt. When dissolved and crystalized, it forms small transparent masses; and the refiners have a method of shooting it into large crystals, which, however, in many respects differ from, and are inferior to, the genuine salt.
Borax is useful in metallurgy, for soldering; in the fusion of vitrifiable earths, with which it forms glass; as well as in several other chemical processes; and dyers frequently employ it for giving a gloss to silks.
Its medical properties have not been sufficiently investigated. Mr. Bisset recommends a weak solution of this salt in water, for healing aphthous crusts, or the thrush in the mouth and fauces of children. A small quantity of it, powdered and mixed with sugar, is often applied for the same purpose. We are not acquainted with a more balsamic application to sore nipples, or chapped lips and hands in frosty weather, than a few grains of borax dissolved in warm water, with the addition of a little pure honey.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Bottling

Edition of 1802.
​BOTTLING, the filling of bottles with liquor, and corking them in order to preserve it. Particular caution should be used in bottling cyder: the best way to secure the bottles from bursting, is to have the liquor thoroughly fine before it be bottled. If one bottle break, it will be necessary to give vent to the remainder, and cork them up ​again. Weak cyder is more apt to burst the bottles than that of a stronger quality: they should be placed so that the corks may be kept wet, and stowed in a cellar not exposed to the changes and influence of the air. For this purpose, the ground is preferable to a frame; and a layer of saw-dust or sand better than the bare soil: but the most proper situation is a stream of running water.
Bottled beer may be much improved by putting a small quantity of crystals of tartar, spirituous liquor, or sugar boiled with the essence of cloves, into each bottle.
In order to ripen bottled liquors, they are sometimes exposed to moderate warmth, or the rays of the sun, which, in a few days, will bring them to maturity.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Boorcole

Edition of 1802.
​BOORCOLE, is a species of the Brassica, L. and generally cultivated in the open fields like turnips, cabbages, or the turnip-rooted cabbage.
It is one of those hardy plants, the leaves of which may be cut without detriment to its growth, and will produce a new crop in the course of a month or six weeks.
According to an experiment made by Mr. Baker in the year 1763, an Irish acre of fallow ground, which was planted with boorcole, at the distance of two feet, and hoed in the Tullian method, produced plants which weighed about five pounds ten ounces each on an average, and the whole produce of an Irish acre was 40,096 pounds.
It should be observed, that the land must be well manured, and in a high state of tillage, for the cultivation of this plant, which, if kept constantly hoed, will grow very luxuriantly, and, in the hottest weather, be infinitely more brittle in the leaves than any other cultivated in gardens; which is a certain indication of its being a healthy plant. It is worthy of the attention of the farmer or grazier, on account of the rapidity of its growth, and the property of withstanding the effect of severe frosts, while it affords an excellent vegetable for the table, and may be used with advantage for feeding sheep.
Mr. Baker farther observes, that sheep should not be suffered to depasture so long upon a crop of boorcole, as to injure the stalks; because its future growth will be checked by depriving it of the sprouting leaves.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Boot

Edition of 1802.
​BOOT, a cover or defence for the leg and foot, made of leather, and generally worn by horsemen. The boot is by no means a modern invention, as it was worn in the Roman army by the infantry as well as the cavalry. It was originally made of leather, but afterwards of brass or iron, that it might be proof against the sword.
There are various kinds of boots, as hunting-boots, fishing-boots, jack-boots, &c. The fishermen of New England preserve their boots water proof by the following composition: One pint of boiled lint-seed oil, half a pound of mutton suet, six ounces of pure bees-wax, and four ounces of rosin. These ingredients are melted together over a slow fire, and the boots or shoes, when new and quite clean, are warmed, and rubbed with the composition till the leather is completely saturated.
There is an improved composition for preserving leather, the good effects of which are sufficiently ascertained. One pint of drying oil, two ounces of yellow wax, two ounces of spirit of turpentine, and half an ounce of Burgundy pitch, should be carefully melted together over a slow fire. With this mixture new shoes and boots are rubbed either in the sun, or at some distance from a fire, with a sponge or brush: the operation is to be repeated as often as they become dry, until they be fully saturated. In this manner, the leather becomes impervious to wet; the shoes or boots made of it last much longer than those made of common leather; acquire such softness and pliability that they never shrivel nor grow hard or inflexible; and, in that state, are the most effectual preservatives against cold and chilblains. It is, however, necessary ​to remark, that shoes or boots, thus prepared, ought not to be worn till they have become perfectly dry and elastic; as, in the contrary case, the leather will be too soft, and wear out much sooner than even the common kind.