OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Reynolds, Richard (d.1606)

​REYNOLDS or RAINOLDE, RICHARD (d. 1606), divine and chronicler, of an Essex family, was admitted sizar of St. John's College, Cambridge, 10 Nov. 1546, and scholar on the Lady Margaret foundation, 11 Nov. 1547. He afterwards moved to Trinity College, and commenced M.A. in 1553. He seems to have studied medicine, and on 14 March 1567 received permission to proceed M.D.; but instead of being admitted he went with testimonial letters from the university to Russia. On his return he took holy orders, and was presented by the queen to the rectory of Stapleford-Abbots, Essex, 7 Aug. 1568. Subsequently, on 24 May 1569, he became, in addition, rector of Lambourne in the same county, and practised physic.
In 1571 he was examined by the College of Physicians and declared to be ignorant and unlearned. He voluntarily confessed that he had practised physic for two years, and the college ordered his imprisonment until he paid a fine of 20l.
From 2 May 1578 till 1584 Reynolds increased his preferments by holding the vicarage of West Thurrock, Essex. A summons to appear before Bishop Aylmer in St. Paul's Cathedral, 25 Aug. 1579, to answer some charge of irregularity, was delivered to him there; but he assaulted the process-server, and was committed to the Marshalsea prison. He petitioned the privy council for pardon later in the same year.
He held the other two Essex livings until his death, which took place shortly before 20 Dec. 1606.
He was author of: 1. ‘A Booke called ​the Foundacion of Rhetorike, because all the Foundacion of Rhetorike, because all other Partes of Rhetorike are grounded thereupon,’ &c., imprinted by Jhon Kingston, 4to, 1563, dedicated to Lord Robert Dudley. This was long popular (cf. Fulwood, Enemie of Idleness, 1593, p. 19). 2. ‘A Chronicle of all the Noble Emperors of the Romaines, &c., set forthe by Richard Reynoldes, Doctor in Physicke, Anno 1571;’ besides a work in manuscript, ‘De statu nobilium virorum et principum,’ with preface dedicated to the Duke of Norfolk, preserved in the Stillingfleet MSS. (Warton, Hist. of English Poetry, ed. Hazlitt, iv. 249).
Tanner wrongly identifies the author of the ‘Foundacion of Rhetorike’ with Robert Rainolde or Reinold, LL.D., who became prebendary of Winchester on 25 Nov. 1558, and died in 1595 (Bibl. Brit. p. 615; Le Neve, Fasti, ed. Hardy, iii. 42).
[Cooper's Athenæ Cantabr. ii. 444; Lemon's Cat. of State Papers, 1579, pp. 631, 641; Newcourt's Repert. Eccles. ii. 360, 555, 592; Tanner's Bibl. Brit. p. 616; Carter's Cambridge, p. 325; Goodall's Coll. of Physicians, p. 315; Ames's Typogr. Antiq. ed. Herbert, pp. 836, 860, 963.]
C. F. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Neville, Richard (1468-1530)

​NEVILLE, RICHARD, second Baron Latimer (1468–1530), born in 1468, was son of Sir Henry Neville who was killed at the battle of Edgecote in 1469. His mother was Jane (d. 1471), daughter of John, first baron Berners [see under Bourchier, John second Baron Berners]. His grandfather, George Neville, brother of Richard, earl of Salisbury [q. v.], was created Baron Latimer in 1432, married Elizabeth, daughter of Richard Beauchamp, earl of Warwick [q. v.], and after some years of partial insanity died in 1469 [see Neville, Ralph, first Earl of Westmorland]. Richard succeeded him as Baron Latimer; but he was not summoned to parliament until 12 Aug. 1492. He held some command at the battle of Stoke in 1487, was a witness to the treaty with Portugal in 1487, and in 1492 obtained special livery of his lands; he subsequently served on the northern border under Surrey. He was distinguished as a soldier. After taking part in the relief of Norham and the battle of Flodden, he was in 1522 made lieutenant-general, and in 1525 a commissioner for the north. Under Henry VIII he was a prominent courtier, taking part in the ceremonial attending the reception of Wolsey's cardinal's hat in 1515. On 13 July 1530 he signed the petition to Clement VII, praying him to hasten his decision as to the divorce. He died before 28 Dec. 1530 (cf. Letters and Papers of Henry VIII, iv. iii. 6776). Latimer married Anne, daughter of Sir Humphrey Stafford of Grafton, Worcestershire, who predeceased him. He contemplated marrying Mary, widow of Sir James Strangwishe, in July 1522 (ib. iii. ii. 2415). By his wife he had issue John, third baron Latimer [q. v.], William, Thomas, Marmaduke, George (see below), and Christopher, with four daughters. Susanna, one of the daughters, married Richard Norton [q. v.]
The son, George Neville (1509–1567), was born on 29 July 1509, graduated B.A. at Cambridge in 1524, and subsequently became D.D. He was appointed rector of Well, Richmondshire, and of Burton Latimer, Northamptonshire, on 17 July 1552, receiving about the same time the mastership of the hospital at Well, which was in the gift of the family. In or before 1558 he was made archdeacon of Carlisle, and one of the queen's chaplains. He died in 1567, when he also held the livings of Spofford, Bolton, and Leake, Yorkshire; Rothbury, Northumberland; and Salkeld and Monland, Cumberland (cf. Cooper, Athenæ Cantabr.; Richmondshire Wills, Surtees Soc. xxvi. 20; Whitaker, Richmondshire, ii. 78–83; Letters and Papers of Henry VIII, 1529, 1537, 1547; Brydges, Northamptonshire, ed. Whalley; Dugdale, Mon. Angl. vi. 702; Journal of Yorkshire Archæol. and Topogr. Association, vol. ii.)
W. A. J. A.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Neville, Robert (d.1694)

​NEVILLE or NEVILE, ROBERT (d. 1694), dramatist and divine, a native of London, was son of Robert Neville of Sunninghill Park, Berkshire. He received his education at Eton, whence he was elected to King's College, Cambridge; he was admitted a scholar there 17 April 1657 (Cole, Hist. of King's College, iii. 231). He graduated B.A. in 1660, M.A. in 1664, and was created B.D. by royal mandate on the occasion of Charles II's visit to Cambridge in 1671. On 22 May 1671 he was instituted, on the presentation of Sir Rowland Lytton, to the rectory of Anstie, Hertfordshire, which had become vacant by the resignation of Dr. James Fleetwood [q. v.] Neville died before 7 June 1694, when he was succeeded in the rectory by Thomas Fairmeadow, M.A. (Clutterbuck, Hertfordshire, iii. 344). He married a daughter of Dr. Fleetwood, and had a son, who, as Cole surmises, was Fleetwood Neville, afterwards rector of Rampton, Cambridgeshire.
He was the author of ‘The Poor Scholar,’ a comedy in five acts, partly in prose and partly in verse, London, 1673, 4to. Langbaine says: ‘I know not whether it was acted, but I may presume to say 'tis no contemptible play for plot and language’ (Dramatick Poets, p. 385). Neville also published a number of single sermons.
[Beloe's Anecdotes, 1807, p. 319; Bodleian Cat. iii. 481; Cooke's Preacher's Assistant, ii. 242; Harwood's Alumni Eton. p. 251; Jacobs's Lives of Poets, i. 189; Notes and Queries, 1st ser. xi. 367, 436, 3rd ser. i. 80; Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Whincop's English Dramatic Poets, p. 133.]
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Neville, Thomas (d.1542)

​NEVILLE, Sir THOMAS (d. 1542), speaker of the House of Commons, born about 1480, was fifth son of George, second baron Bergavenny, and brother of George, third baron Bergavenny [q. v.], and of Sir Edward Neville (d. 1538) [q. v.] He early entered the royal service under Henry VII, was frequently in the commission of the peace for Kent, Middlesex, Sussex, Surrey, and Worcestershire, and in 1510 and 1515 was sheriff of Staffordshire. He was a member of Henry VIII's household, and became a privy councillor. He sat in parliament as member for the county of Kent, and in 1514 became speaker. The only noteworthy incident which marked his tenure of office was the case of Dr. Standish [q. v.] He had many grants both from Henry VII and Henry VIII, the most important being an annuity in 1520 of 100l. a year. By these means he grew rich. In 1534 Lord Suffolk's jewels were pledged to him, and the Earl of Northumberland owed him over 500l. Neville was in 1517 a commissioner to inquire into enclosures for Middlesex; in 1519 he was a member of the Star Chamber; he was present at the Field of the Cloth of Gold, and at the meeting with the emperor in 1520, and at the visit of Charles V to England in 1522. About 1523 he had a house at Bridewell, which had been granted to him by Thomas Docwra [q. v.], who, like his brother Richard, was a knight of Rhodes (cf. Letters and Papers of Henry VIII, ii. i. 737, and iii. ii. 3678; in a note to the latter Thomas should read Richard). On 13 Feb. 1525 he was appointed one of the commissioners who conducted a search for suspicious characters in London; he was also in 1526 a commissioner for sewers; and in 1530 a commissioner to inquire into Wolsey's possessions. As a powerful courtier he was appointed steward of the abbey of Westminster in 1532. He was one of those who were present at the reception of Anne of Cleves. Neville died on 29 May 1542, and was buried at Mereworth in Kent. He married, first, Catherine, daughter of Lord Dacres of the north, and widow of George, lord FitzHugh, by whom he had a daughter Margaret, who married on 1 May 1536 Sir Robert Southwell, master of the rolls; and, secondly, William Plumbe. His first wife died on 20 Aug. 1527. His second wife, whom he married on 28 Aug. 1532, was Elizabeth, widow of Robert Amadas, a wealthy London goldsmith. Neville was a patron of Thomas Becon [q. v.], who dedicated to him his ‘Christmas Basket’ and his ‘Potation for Lent.’
[Rowland's Family of Nevill; Letters and Papers of Henry VIII; State Papers, i. 92; Waters's Chesters of Chicheley, i. 20; Manning's Speakers of the House of Commons; Chronicle of Calais (Camd. Soc.), p. 173; Rutland Papers (Camd. Soc.), p. 31.]
W. A. J. A.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Neville, Richard Griffin

​NEVILLE, RICHARD GRIFFIN, third Baron Braybrooke (1783–1858), first editor of Pepys's ‘Diary,’ eldest son of Richard Aldworth Griffin Neville, second baron Braybrooke [q. v.], was born at Stanlake, near Twyford, in Berkshire, 26 Sept. 1783. He was educated at Eton from 1796 until 1801. On 17 Jan. 1801 he matriculated from Christ Church, Oxford, and was created D.C.L. 5 July 1810. He then passed to Magdalene College, Cambridge, whence he graduated M.A. in 1811. During the panic of the French invasion in 1803 he served with the Berkshire militia. He sat in the House of Commons as M.P. successively for Thirsk 1805–6, Saltash 1807, Buckingham 1807–12, and Berkshire 1812–25. In 1825 he succeeded his father as third Baron Braybrooke, assumed the name of Griffin, and at the same time removed from Billingbear, the family seat of the Nevilles, near Wokingham, Berkshire, to Audley End in Essex, which had been left to his father in 1798 by his distant relative, Lord Howard. As owner of Audley End he became visitor of Magdalene College, and patron of the mastership. He was recorder of Saffron Walden till the passing of the Municipal Reform Act in 1835, and was also high steward of Wokingham. He was an active county magistrate and chairman of the bench at Saffron Walden. He spent much care upon his stately residence at Audley End, and upon the estate and its neighbouring villages. In politics he supported the Reform Bill and the measures which admitted dissenters and Roman catholics to the right of sitting in parliament. Although generally friendly to the ministry of Earl Grey, he subsequently grew more conservative in his political views. From 1834 he voted with Sir Robert Peel, and after the rupture of 1846 he was a follower of Lord Derby.
Braybrooke is now chiefly remembered for the part he took in publishing Pepys's ‘Diary’ for the first time. The manuscript of this work, belonging to Magdalene College, was deciphered about 1821 from the stenographic characters by John Smith, a member of the college. Lord Braybrooke brought out a carefully abridged and expurgated version, with a selection of Pepys's private correspondence and many useful notes, in two volumes, in 1825; this was several times reprinted. An enlarged text was published by Mynors Bright [q. v.] in six volumes, in 1875–9. Mr. H. B. Wheatley edited an improved and fuller edition, 1893–9.
Braybrooke also published the ‘History of Audley End and Saffron Walden’ in 1835, and in 1842 he edited the ‘Life and Correspondence of Jane, Lady Cornwallis.’ On 13 March 1858 he died at Audley End, and was buried at Littlebury, Essex. He married, 13 May 1819, Jane, eldest daughter and coheiress of Charles, second marquis Cornwallis. She was born at Culford, Suffolk, 5 Oct. 1798, and died 23 Sept. 1856. Their eldest son, Richard Cornwallis Neville [q. v.], succeeded as fourth baron Braybrooke.
[Gent. Mag. June 1858, pp. 669–70; Times, 15 March 1858, p. 9.]
G. C. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Ord, John Walker

​ORD, JOHN WALKER (1811–1853), topographer, poet, and journalist, born at Guisborough, Yorkshire, on 5 March 1811, was son of the principal partner in the firm of Richard Ord & Son, tanners and leather merchants of that place. He entered the university of Edinburgh, and, being intended for the medical profession, was apprenticed to Dr. Knox, the eminent lecturer on anatomy. While at Edinburgh he was intimate with Prof. Wilson and Hogg, the ‘Ettrick Shepherd.’ Eventually he abandoned the study of medicine, and, coming to London in 1834, he started, two years later, the ‘Metropolitan Literary Journal,’ a paper which was afterwards merged in the ‘Britannia.’ His literary labours brought him into intercourse with Thomas Campbell, Sheridan Knowles, Douglas Jerrold, and the Countess of Blessington. He afterwards retired to ​his native county, and died at Guisborough on 29 Aug. 1853.
His works are: 1. ‘England: a historical Poem,’ 2 vols., London, 1834–5, 8vo. 2. ‘Remarks on the Sympathetic Condition existing between the Body and the Mind, especially during Disease,’ London, 1836, 8vo, forming a supplement to the ‘Metropolitan Literary Journal.’ 3. ‘The Bard, and minor Poems,’ 1841, 12mo. 4. ‘Rural Sketches and Poems, chiefly relating to Cleveland,’ London, 1845, 12mo. 5. ‘The History and Antiquities of Cleveland, comprising the Wapentake of East and West Langbargh, North Riding, County of York,’ London, 1846, 4to. Prefixed is a portrait of the author, engraved by B. F. Lloyd & Co., Edinburgh. Boyne says: ‘This work is written in a fulsome style. The author was unfit for such a great work; he was not an antiquary’ (Yorkshire Library, p. 190).
He also edited ‘Roseberry Topping: a Poem by Thomas Pierson,’ Stockton, 1847, 12mo, and left unfinished ‘The Bible Oracles.’
[Notes and Queries, 2nd ser. viii. 531, x. 140; Schroeder's Annals of Yorkshire, ii. 388; Whellan's York and the North Riding (1859), ii. 206.]
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Ord, Robert

​ORD or ORDE, ROBERT (d. 1778), chief baron of the Scottish exchequer, was the eldest son of John Orde, under-sheriff of Newcastle-on-Tyne, by Anne Hutchinson. At an early period he removed to Edinburgh, where ultimately he was appointed baron of the Scottish exchequer. He died on 4 Feb. 1778. There is a portrait of him at Ravensworth Castle. By his wife Mary, eldest daughter of Sir John Darnell, knight, he had a daughter Elizabeth, married to Robert Macqueen, lord Braxfield [q. v.], and a son John Ord (1729?–1814). The son was educated at Hackney and Trinity College, Cambridge, where he graduated B.A. in 1750, and afterwards obtained a lay fellowship. Having been called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn, he in 1777 became attorney-general of the duchy of Lancaster, and in 1778 master in chancery. He was M.P. successively for Midhurst, Hastings, and Wendover (1774–1790), and was some time chairman of ways and means in the House of Commons. He was F.R.S., and died on 6 June 1814, and was buried in Fulham churchyard.
[Gent. Mag. 1778 p. 94, 1814 pt. i. p. 521, and pt. ii. p. 405; Notes and Queries, 4th ser. vii. 387; Burke's Landed Gentry.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Ordgar

​ORDGAR or ORGAR (d. 971) ealdorman of Devon, was the son of an ealdorman, and was a landowner in every village from Exeter to Frome. He married an unknown lady of royal birth, by whom he had a daughter Ælfthryth [q. v.] When King Eadgar sent a messenger to woo Ælfthryth, he found ​her and her father, whom she completely controlled, playing at chess, which they had learned from the Danes (Gaimar, ll. 3605-3725). Between 965 and 908 his signature as 'Ordgar dux' occurs in many charters Kemble, Codex Dipl. Nos. 518, 1270, &c.) according to the 'Anglo-Saxon Chronicle,' Ordgar founded the monastery of Tavistock in 961, but under the year 997 it is called Ordulf's minster, and, according to the 'Register of Tavistock' (Mon. Angl. ii. 494), it was founded by Ordulf, Ordgar's son. The 'Register' says it was large enough to hold a thousand persons; that it was begun in the reign of Eadgar, and finished in 981. Ordgar had another son, Edulf, who was of gigantic strength and stature (Gesta Pontiff. pp. 202-3). Ordgar died in 971, and, according to William of Malmesbury, was buried with his son Edulf at Tavistock. Florence of Worcester (s. a.) says he was buried at Exeter (Anglo-Saxon Chron.; Flor. Wig. Chron. loc. cit.; Will. Malm. Gesta Pontificum, ed. Hamilton; Gaimar, ed. Hardy and Martin).
A second Ordgar or Orgar (fl. 1066), one of the sheriffs of Edward the Confessor, held lands in Cambridgeshire, at Chippenham and Isleham. He appears to have lost the sheriffdom under Harold, and to have commended himself to Esegar the Staller (Freeman, Norman Conquest, v. 742). He is possibly identical with the nobleman Orgar who took refuge with Hereward in the Isle of Ely (Liber Eliensis, p. 230), where Alwinus, son of Orgar, was then a monk (Gesta Herewardi, p. 391; Domesday Book, i. 197a col. 2, 199a col. 2; Hamilton, Inquis. Eliensis, pp. 2, 8; Liber Eliensis, ed. D. J. Stewart (Anglia Christiana); and Gesta Herewardi in Gaimar, ed. Hardy and Martin).
A third Ordgar or Orgar (d. 1097 ?), English noble, challenged Edgar Atheling [q.v.] to single combat for treason against William II. Edgar's champion was Godwine of Winchester, an English knight. When worsted in the fight, Ordgar treacherously drew a knife he had concealed in his boot against the rule of trial by battle, but Godwine snatched the knife from him, and Ordgar died of his wounds, after confessing the falsehood of the accusation he had brought. It is possible that Ordgar is identical with the king's thegn of that name, who in 1086 held two hides in Oxfordshire (Domesday Book, i. 1616, col. 1) which had been the property of one Oodwine, and perhaps also with an Ordgar who had lost a hide in Somerset (ib. p. 93; Fordun, ed. Skene, v. 22, 23; Freeman, William Rufus, ii. 116-17, and 615-17).
[Authorities as cited.]
M. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Smith, Francis (fl.1770)

​SMITH, FRANCIS (fl. 1770), painter, was born in Italy, presumably of English parents. He became associated with the notorious Frederick Calvert, seventh lord Baltimore [q. v.], whom he accompanied on a visit to the east in 1763, and for whom he made some interesting drawings of the ceremonies of the court of Constantinople and of various oriental costumes. A set of plates from these, engraved by R. Pranker, Vitalba, and others, was published in London in 1769. Smith exhibited a view of Vesuvius with the Incorporated Society of Artists in 1768, and in 1770, 1772, and 1773 was a contributor to the Royal Academy, sending a panoramic view of Constantinople and its environs, and views of Naples and London. He died in London before 1780.
F. M. O'D.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Smith, Gabriel

​SMITH, GABRIEL (d. 1783), engraver, was born in London, and there obtained his earliest instruction. About 1760 he accompanied William Wynne Ryland [q. v.] to Paris, where he learnt the method of engraving in imitation of chalk drawings, and on his return to England executed a series of plates in this style from designs by Watteau, Boucher, Le Brun, Bouchardon, and others, which were published by J. Bowles with the title, ‘The School of Art, or most complete Drawing-book extant,’ 1765. In and about 1767 Smith engraved in the line manner, for Boydell, ‘Tobit and the Angel’ after Salvator Rosa, ‘The Blind leading the Blind’ after Tintoretto, ‘The Queen of Sheba's Visit to Solomon’ after E. Le Sueur, and ‘Boar Hunting’ after Snyders. He also engraved a portrait of the Rev. John Glen King, F.R.S., after Falconet, and etched, from his own drawings, ‘Mr. Garrick in the Character of Lord Chalkstone in the Farce of Lethe,’ and ‘Mr. Foote in the Character of the Englishman returned from Paris.’ He died in 1783.
F. M. O'D.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Smith, George (1797?-1850)

​SMITH, GEORGE (1797?–1850), captain in the navy, born about 1797, entered the navy in September 1808 on board the Princess Caroline of 74 guns, and, remaining in her for upwards of four years, served in the North Sea, Baltic, and Channel. In February 1813 he was moved into the Undaunted with Captain Thomas Ussher [q. v.], whom he accompanied to the Duncan of 74 guns in August 1814. On 20 Sept. 1815 he was promoted to be lieutenant. He afterwards served in the Mediterranean and on the coast of South America till his promotion, on 8 Sept. 1829, to the rank of commander. In 1830 he was appointed to superintend the instruction of officers and seamen in gunnery on board the Excellent at Portsmouth, and was advanced to post rank on 13 April 1832. His connection with the gunnery school at Portsmouth led him to invent a new method of sighting ships' guns, a lever target, and the paddle-box lifeboats, which were widely adopted upon paddle-wheel steamers. In June 1849 he was appointed superintendent of packets at Southampton, where he died, unmarried, on 6 April 1850. He was the author of ‘An Account of the Siege of Antwerp’ (1833) and some minor pamphlets on professional subjects.
[O'Byrne's Nav. Biogr. Dict.; Gent. Mag. 1850, i. 664.]
J. K. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Smith, George (1815-1871)

​SMITH, GEORGE (1815–1871), bishop of Victoria, born in 1815, was the only son of George Smith of Wellington, Somerset. He matriculated from Magdalen Hall, Oxford, on 17 Dec. 1831, graduating B.A. in 1837 and M.A. in 1843. He was ordained deacon in 1839 and priest in the following year. In 1841 he became incumbent of Goole, Yorkshire, and in 1844 he undertook a mission of exploration in China for the Church Missionary Society. On his return he published the results of his expedition under the title ‘A Narrative of an Exploratory Visit to each of the Consular Cities of China, and to the Islands of Hong Kong and Chusan,’ London, 1847, 8vo. He was consecrated bishop of Victoria in Hong Kong on 29 March 1849, resigned the see in 1865, and died on 14 Dec. 1871, at his residence at Blackheath, Kent. He married a daughter of Andrew Brandram, rector of Beckenham, Kent, and secretary of the British and Foreign Bible Society.
Besides the work mentioned, Smith was the author of:
* ‘Hints for the Times,’ London, 1848, 16mo.
* ‘A Letter on the Chinese Version of the Holy Scriptures to the British and Foreign Bible Society,’ Hong Kong, 1851, 8vo.
* ‘Lewchew and the Lewchewans,’ London, 1853, 8vo.
* ‘Our National Relations with China,’ London, 1857, 8vo.
* ‘Ten Weeks in Japan,’ London, 1861, 8vo.
[Times, 16 Dec. 1871; Men of the Time, 7th edit.; Foster's Alumni Oxon. 1715–1886; Crockford's Clerical Directory.]
E. I. C.