OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hooton, Charles

​HOOTEN, CHARLES (1813?–1847), novelist, born about 1813, edited for some time a newspaper in Leeds, but came to London about 1837, and published in ‘Bentley's Miscellany’ a novel called ‘Colin Clink’ (republished, with illustrations by John Leech, 3 vols. 1841). After producing two worthless skits, termed respectively ‘The True Sun’ and ‘The Woolsack,’ the one attacking political economy and the other the court of chancery, he left for Texas, where for nine months he led an almost savage life. He afterwards attempted newspaper work in New Orleans, New York, and Montreal, and then returned to England broken in mind and body. He wrote a series of ballads for the ‘New Monthly Magazine,’ illustrations of American life and literature, and a novel called ‘Launcelot Wedge,’ which was running in ‘Ainsworth's Magazine’ at the time of his death (republished, 3 vols. 1849). He died from an overdose of morphia at his residence in Nottingham on 16 Feb. 1847. Hooton wrote, besides the works already mentioned:
* ‘Adventures of B. Thirland,’ 1836.
* ‘St. Louis' Isle, or Texiana, with Additional Observations made in the United States and in Canada,’ 1847.
* ‘Woodhouselee, or the Astrologer,’ 3 vols. 1848.
[New Monthly Mag. March 1847, pp. 397–8; Gent. Mag. 1847, pt. i. pp. 442–3.]
F. W-t.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hooper, William Hulme

​HOOPER, WILLIAM HULME (1827–1854), lieutenant in the navy, after having passed his examination at Portsmouth was in November 1847 appointed mate of the Plover, under the command of Commander Thomas E. L. Moore, one of the earliest vessels sent out to search for and relieve Sir John Franklin [q. v.] The Plover's orders were to pass through Bering Strait and examine the coast eastward. She sailed from Plymouth on 30 Jan. 1848, and from Honolulu on 25 Aug. On 15 Oct. she was off Chutsky Nos, and the next day went into Port Providence, where she wintered. Hooper led a party along the coast as far as Cape Atcheen, and through the winter was much among the natives, whom he calls Tuski, and whose language he learned. The next summer the Plover moved over to Kotzebue Sound, and near Icy Cape, on 25 July, her two boats, under the command of Lieutenants Pullen and Hooper (who, though he did not know it, had been promoted to be lieutenant on 12 May), left the ship for a voyage along the coast. This they examined as far as the mouth of Mackenzie River, and going up it, Hooper wintered (1849–50) on the shores of Bear Lake, close to Fort Franklin, Pullen going a little further up the river and wintering at Fort Simpson. In the summer of 1850 they descended the river and examined the coast as far as Cape Bathurst, whence they returned to Fort Simpson, and there they both wintered (1850–1). Leaving their boats they afterwards travelled overland to New York, and reached England in October. Hooper's health had given way under the hardships of three arctic winters, and he became a confirmed invalid, relieving the tedium of his illness by writing the account of the expedition in which he had shared. This, under the title of ‘Ten Months among the Tents of the Tuski, with Incidents of an Arctic Boat Expedition in search of Sir John Franklin,’ was published in 8vo in 1853. It is an interesting, well-written book. Hooper died in London on 19 May 1854.
[The only account of Hooper's service is in his own book mentioned above. There are short obituary notices in Gent. Mag., 1854, vol. cxliii. pt. ii. p. 91 (reprinted in Annual Register, xcvi. 304) and in Journal of the Royal Geogr. Soc., vol. xxiv. p. lxxxiv.]
J. K. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hope, Anne

​HOPE, Mrs. ANNE (1809–1887), authoress, was born in 1809 at Calcutta, where her father, John Williamson Fulton, esq. (1769–1830), was at the time a prosperous merchant. Her mother was Anne, daughter of Robert Robertson, esq., and widow of Captain John Hunt of the Bengal army. Anne was the second of four daughters. At an early age she was sent from India to Lisburn, co. Antrim, where her father's family resided, and on her parents' return home, settled with them in Upper Harley Street, London. She was well educated, accomplished, and serious-minded; and appreciated the society of her father's friends, O'Connell, Lawless, and other Irish parliamentary leaders. In 1831 she married James Hope, M.D. [q. v.], and assisted him in some of his publications. After his death in 1841 she prepared a memoir of him, which Dr. Klein Grant edited (1844); it passed through four editions. Mrs. Hope zealously devoted herself to the education of her only son, Theodore (now Sir Theodore Cracraft Hope, K.C.S.I., C.I.E.), who joined the Bombay civil service in 1853. A series of letters on self-education which she addressed to him was published in 1842 and reissued in 1846. Her health compelled her to spend much time in Madeira between 1842 and 1850. There she studied church history, reading books in many languages, and she completed in 1850, but did not publish, a work on the church in the first three centuries. Her researches changed her religious views, and in November 1850 she became a Roman catholic. She made the acquaintance of W. G. Ward and John Dobree Dalgairns [q. v.], and lived for a time at Edgbaston, so as to be near the latter and Dr. (afterwards Cardinal) Newman at the Birmingham Oratory. Pursuing her studies in a spirit of devotion to her adopted church, she published in 1855 ‘The Acts of the Early Martyrs,’ a popular volume drawn from Fr. P. de Ribadeneira's ‘Flores Sanctorum,’ and intended for the use of the schools connected with the Birmingham Oratory. It passed through five editions. In 1859 appeared her life of St. Philip Neri, which soon reached a third edition. Mrs. Hope afterwards settled at Torquay, and, although permanently crippled by a spinal complaint, completed a life of St. Thomas à Becket in 1868, and a learned work on the ‘Conversion of the Teutonic Race,’ 1872 (2 vols.). To both works Dalgairns, Mrs. Hope's chief literary adviser, contributed a preface. Mrs. Hope wrote many articles in the ‘Dublin Review’ between 1872 and 1879, replying there to Mr. J. A. Froude's attack on St. Thomas à Becket in 1876. Her ‘Franciscan Martyrs in England’ appeared in 1878. Mrs. Hope died at St. Mary-church, Torquay, on 2 Feb. 1887. In 1894 Abbot Gasquet edited from Mrs. Hope's manuscript her ‘First Divorce of Henry VIII.’
[Private information; Gillow's Dict. of English Catholics, iii. 375; Burke's Landed Gentry, s.v. ‘Fulton.’]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Forbes, John Hay

​FORBES, JOHN HAY, Lord Medwyn (1776–1854), Scotch judge, second son of Sir William Forbes, bart. [q. v.], was born at Edinburgh in 1776. He was admitted advocate in 1799, was for some time sheriff-depute of the county of Perth, and was made lord of session in January 1825, when he assumed the courtesy title of Lord Medwyn, from his estate in Perthshire. In December 1830 he was made a lord of justiciary. He resigned that appointment in May 1849, altogether retired from the bench in October 1852, and died at Edinburgh, 25 July 1854. He edited a new edition of ‘Thoughts concerning Man's Condition and Duties in this Life, and his Hopes in the World to come, by Alexander [Forbes (1678–1762) [q. v.], fourth], Lord [Forbes of] Pitsligo,’ with a life of the author, 1835, 4th ed. Edinburgh, 1854. He was an attached episcopalian, and did much to promote the interests of his church in the Scottish capital. Forbes married Louisa, daughter of Sir Alexander Cumming Gordon of Altyre, Elgin, and by her had, with other children, a son, Alexander Penrose, bishop of Brechin [q. v.]
[Gent. Mag. September 1854, p. 300; Anderson's Scottish Nation, ii. 232; Kay's Edinburgh Portraits, ii. 99.]
F. W-t.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Forbes, Walter

​FORBES, WALTER, eighteenth Lord Forbes (1798–1868), second but eldest surviving son of James Ochoncar, seventeenth lord [q. v.], by Elizabeth, daughter and heiress of Walter Hunter, esq., of Polmood, Peeblesshire, and Crailing, Roxburghshire, was born at Crailing 29 May 1798. In 1814 he joined the Coldstream guards, of which his father had been for twenty-six years an officer, and in which his elder brother, the Hon. James Forbes, was then holding a commission. He was very soon destined to see active service; for he was present with his regiment at Waterloo, being then probably one of the youngest officers in the service. But though so young, he commanded a company at the defence of Hougoumont. He was in the 3rd company as junior ensign. The captain, Sir William Gomm, was on the staff; the next senior officer, Cowell, had been taken ill the day before, and therefore absent; and the other ensign, Vane, wounded; so after that Forbes was the only officer present, and therefore he commanded. He retired from the army in 1825, having married, 31 Jan. in that year, Horatia, seventh daughter of Sir John Gregory Shaw, bart., of Eltham, Kent, by whom he had a family of seven children. He succeeded his father as eighteenth lord and premier baron of Scotland 4 May 1843.
Forbes interested himself much in church matters, and was greatly attached to the ​episcopal church in Scotland. He was most energetic in the origin and foundation of St. Ninian's Cathedral, Perth, and was one of its greatest benefactors. Forbes married, secondly, 4 April 1864, Louisa, daughter of James Ormond, esq., of Abingdon, by whom he left at his decease at Richmond, 1 May 1868, two sons. There is a beautiful memorial window in the guards' chapel at the Wellington Barracks, given by his widow, and also a tablet to his memory and that of his father and elder brother, by his son, the present and nineteenth Lord Forbes.
[Private family communication; Account of Royal Military Chapel, Wellington Barracks, 1882.]
R. H-r.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Forby, Robert

​FORBY, ROBERT (1759–1825), philologist, born in 1759 of poor parents at Stoke Ferry, Norfolk, was educated at the free school of Lynn Regis, under David Lloyd, LL.D., and at Caius College, Cambridge, where he obtained a fellowship (B.A. 1781, M.A. 1784). Sir John Berney, bart., induced him to leave the university, and to become tutor of his sons, presenting him in 1787 to the small living of Horningtoft, Norfolk. Afterwards he fixed his residence at Barton Bendish, where he took pupils; and on their number increasing, he removed to Wereham. Two years subsequently, in 1789, by the death of his uncle, the Rev. Joseph Forby, he came into possession of the valuable rectory of Fincham, Norfolk. He removed thither in 1801, and continued to reside in his parish till his death, which occurred suddenly while he was taking a warm bath, on 20 Sept. 1825, aged 66. He was elected a fellow of the Linnean Society in 1798, and was a distinguished scholar. At one time, though at what period is uncertain, he was resident at Aspall, Suffolk, as tutor to the children of Mr. Chevallier.
He published some small pieces of ephemeral interest, and an important philological work entitled 'The Vocabulary of East Anglia; an attempt to record the Vulgar Tongue of the twin sister counties, Norfolk and Suffolk, as it existed in the last twenty years of the Eighteenth Century, and still exists: with Proof of its Antiquity from Etymology and Authority,' 2 vols. London, 1830, 8vo. This was edited by the Rev. George Turner of Kettleburgh. Prefixed to vol. i. is the author's portrait, engraved from a painting by M. Sharp. Vol. iii., being a supplementary volume by the Rev. W. T. Spurdens, was published at London in 1858.
Forby assisted Mr. Mannings in his 'Pursuits of Agriculture,' and in 1824 wrote the prospectus of a continuation of, as supplement to, the new edition of Blomefield's 'Norfolk.'
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Forbes, John (1799-1823)

​FORBES, JOHN, M.D. (1799–1823), botanist, was born in 1799, and became a pupil of Shepherd of the Liverpool botanic garden. The Horticultural Society despatched him to the east coast of tropical Africa, and for this he left London in February 1822, in the expedition commanded by Captain William Owen. He sent home some considerable collections from Madeira, Rio, the Cape, and Madagascar, after which he determined to march up the Zambesi to the Portuguese station Zumbo, three hundred leagues from the mouth of the river, and thence southwards to the Cape, but he succumbed to fatigue and privation at Senna, in August 1823, before accomplishing half the distance. The genus Forbesia, Eckl., commemorates the unfortunate collector.
[Revue Encyc. xii. 574; Nouvelle Biographie Générale, xviii. 146; Lasègue's Musée Bot. Deless. p. 376.]
B. D. J.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Forbes, William Alexander

​FORBES, WILLIAM ALEXANDER (1855–1883), zoologist, second son of Mr. John Staats Forbes, chairman of the London, Chatham, and Dover Railway Company, was born at Cheltenham on 24 June 1855, and educated at Kensington school and Winchester College. Leaving Winchester in 1872 he studied in succession at Edinburgh University (1873–1875) and University College, London (1875–1876), as a medical student; but he early showed great powers of acquirement in biology, to which he finally devoted himself. Entering at St. John's College, Cambridge, in 1876, he gained a first class in the natural sciences tripos of 1879, and was subsequently elected a fellow of his college. In the same year he was appointed prosector to the Zoological Society of London on the death of his friend, Professor A. H. Garrod [q. v.], whose literary executor he became. He also lectured on comparative anatomy at Charing Cross Hospital Medical School. During the three following years his work at the society's gardens produced a rich harvest of original and valuable papers, those on the muscular structure and voice organs of birds being especially notable. In the summer of 1880 Forbes made a short excursion to Pernambuco, of which he published an account in the ‘Ibis’ for 1881, and in July 1882 he left England to investigate the fauna of eastern tropical Africa, starting from the mouth of the Niger. Being detained at Shonga, four hundred miles up the Niger, by the breaking down of his communications, Forbes died of dysentery on 14 Jan. 1883. His remains were brought to England and buried, 1 April 1884, in the churchyard of Wickham in Kent.
Forbes was an excellent worker, possessed of much personal attractiveness, and gave promise of being one of the leading zoologists of his time. His collected papers have been published in a memorial volume edited by his successor as prosector, Mr. F. E. Beddard, 1885. His principal papers were ‘On the Anatomy of the Passerine Birds’ (‘Proc. Zool. Soc.’ 1880, 1881, 1882); ‘On the Contributions to the Anatomy and Classification of Birds made by Professor Garrod’ (‘Ibis,’ 1881); and ‘On the Anatomy of the ​Petrels collected during the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger’ (‘Zoology of the Challenger,’ iv. pt. xi. 1882). Forbes's last journals, published in the ‘Ibis,’ 1883, are included in the memorial volume. Forbes also edited the collected edition of Professor A. H. Garrod's papers, 1881, and wrote the memoir of Garrod which accompanies it.
G. T. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Marisco, Hervey de

​MARISCO, HERVEY de (fl. 1169), Anglo-Norman invader of Ireland. [See Mount-Maurice.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Marisco, Adam de

​MARISCO, ADAM de (d. 1257 ?), Franciscan. [See Adam.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Margary, Augustus Raymond

​MARGARY, AUGUSTUS RAYMOND (1846–1875), traveller, third son of Henry Joshua Margary, major-general R.E., was born at Belgaum, in the Bombay presidency, 26 May 1846. He was successively educated in France, at North Walsham grammar school, and at University College, London. Having received a nomination from his relative, Austen Henry Layard, he studied Chinese seven hours a day, passed a competitive examination before the civil service commissioners, obtained an honorary certificate, and was appointed a student interpreter on the Chinese consular establishment 2 Feb. 1867. In the following month he went to China, and on 18 Nov. 1869 rose to be a third-class assistant. The silver medal of the Royal Humane Society was awarded to him 16 July 1872 for saving the lives of several men who were wrecked during a typhoon in the island of Formosa, 9 Aug. 1871, and he also received the Albert medal of the first class 28 Oct. 1872. Till 1870 he was attached to the legation at Pekin, when he was sent to the island of Formosa, and there took charge of the consulate during twelve months. He was made a second-class assistant 7 Dec. 1872, was acting interpreter at Shanghai 16 Oct. to 12 Nov. 1873, and interpreter at Chefoo 24 Nov. 1873 to 9 April 1874. In August he received instructions from Pekin to proceed through the south-western provinces of China to the frontier of Yunnan, to await Colonel Horace Browne, who had been sent by the Indian government on a mission into Yunnan, from the Burmese side, in the hopes of opening up a trade with Western China. To this mission Margary was to act as interpreter and guide through China. On 4 Sept. 1874 he left Hankow on an overland journey to Mandalay. Passing the Tung-ting lake on the Yang-tse he ascended the Yuen river through Hoonan, and travelled by land through Kweichow and Yunnan, and on 17 Jan. 1875 joined Colonel Browne at Bhamo. He was the first Englishman who had traversed this route. On 19 Feb. 1875 he was sent forward to survey and report on the road from Burmah to Western China, but on 21 Feb. he was treacherously murdered at Manwein on the Chinese frontier.
[The Journey of A. R. Margary from Shanghai to Bhamô, and back to Manwyne, 1876, biog. preface, pp. i-xxi, with portrait; J. Anderson's Mandalay to Momien, 1876, pp. 364-449; Boulger's History of China, 1884, iii. 715-22; Foreign Office List, January 1875 p. 140, July 1875 p. 215; Times, 9, 22, and 28 April 1875; Illustr. London News, 1875, lxvi. 233-4, 257-8, with portrait; Graphic, 1875, xi. 296, with portrait.]
G. C. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Marham, Ralph

​MARHAM, RALPH (fl. 1380), historian, was a scholar at Cambridge, where he graduated D.D. He became an Austin friar at King's Lynn, and eventually rose to be prior of his house, in which capacity he appears in 1378 and 1389. He wrote 'Manipulus Chronicorum,' inc. 'Fratribus religionis animo.' This work is a history in seven books, from the Creation to the writer's own time. The first letters of the opening words spell, 'Frater Radulphus Marham.' There is a copy of it in the Bibliotheque Nationale at Paris (cf. Ossinger). Some sermons are also ascribed to him.
[Bale, vi. 59; Tanner's Bibl. Brit.-Hib. p. 510; Ossinger's Bibliotheca Augustiniana, p. 546; Blomefield's Norfolk, viii. 495.]
C. L. K.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lyons, John Charles

​LYONS, JOHN CHARLES (1792–1874), antiquary and writer on gardening, born on 22 Aug. 1792, was only child of Charles John Lyons (1766–1796), captain of the 12th light dragoons, by his wife Mary Anne, daughter of Sir Richard Levinge, fourth baronet. His grandfather, who survived his father, was John Lyons (d. 1803), a landed proprietor, of Ledestown or Ladistown, co. Westmeath, who was sheriff of his county in 1778. The family descended from an English settler in King's County in the reign of James I, but traces its sources to the Huguenots. From a branch of the same family, settled in Antigua, West Indies, Richard B. P. Lyons [q. v.], Earl Lyons, was descended. John Charles succeeded his grandfather in his estate in 1803, and matriculated at Pembroke College, Oxford, on 21 May 1810, but took no degree. He served as sheriff for Westmeath in 1816, and during his long life performed with credit and honesty the various duties of a country gentleman. He died, aged 82, on 3 Sept. 1874, and was interred in the churchyard of Mullingar, co. Westmeath. He was twice married, and left issue by both wives.
Lyons was a practical working gardener, and his knowledge of the subject is proved by his ‘Treatise on the Management of Orchidaceous Plants, with a Catalogue of more than One Thousand Species,’ 2nd ed., Dublin, 1845. He also interested himself in local antiquities and literature, and being of a mechanical turn set up a press at his house, where he printed with his own hands the results of his antiquarian researches. The chief of his publications are: 1. ‘A Book of Surveys and Distribution of the Estates forfeited in the County of Westmeath in the year 1641,’ Ledestown, 1852. 2. ‘The Grand Juries of Westmeath from 1727 to 1853, with an Historical Appendix,’ Ledestown, 1853. The latter records many passages both of county and family history inaccessible elsewhere.
[Lyons's Works; Burke's Landed Gentry; private information.]
W. R-l.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lyons, Israel (d.1770)

​LYONS, ISRAEL, the elder (d. 1770), hebraist, was a Polish Jew who settled at Cambridge, where he resided nearly forty years. He earned his livelihood by keeping a silversmith's shop, and giving instruction in the Hebrew language to members of the university. The antiquary Cole notes that in 1732 Lyons lived in a lane at the Great Bridge Foot, called the Pond Yards, but afterwards removed to a house in St. John's Lane, near the corner of Green Street. In 1769 he was occupying the corner house of the Regent Walk. He died on 19 Aug. 1770. ‘What is extraordinary,’ says Cole, ‘this Jew desired to be buried in Great St. Mary's churchyard in Cambridge, and was accordingly carried thither,’ and ‘his daughter Judith read some form of interment service over his grave.’ According to the same authority he, his son, and daughter were often fighting together, and the Jews in Cambridge regarded him as unorthodox. Bowtell states that the daughter was a sensible and ingenious woman, but took to the mean practice of fortune-telling, and died a pauper in All Saints parish, Cambridge, where she was buried on 21 April 1795. Lyons was the author of: 1. ‘The Scholar's Instructor: an Hebrew Grammar, with points,’ Cambridge, 1735, 8vo; 2nd edit. Cambridge, 1757, 8vo; 3rd and 4th editions, revised and corrected by Henry Jacob, London, 1810 and 1823, 8vo. 2. ‘An Hebrew Grammar, collected chiefly from those of Mr. I. Lyons and the Rev. R. Grey, to which is prefixed a Praxis … with a Sketch of the Hebrew Poetry, as retrieved by Bishop Hare,’ was published at Boston, New England, 1763, 8vo. 3. ‘Observations relating to various parts of Scripture History,’ Cambridge, 1768, 8vo.
[Addit. MS. 5875, f. 96; Cooper's Annals of Cambridge, iv. 381; Nichols's Lit. Anecd. ii. 327, 419.]
T. C.