OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Stephens, Samuel

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​Stephens, Samuel, the first manager of the South Australian Company, arrived at Nepean Bay, Kangaroo Island, by the Duke of York, on July 27th, 1836, and was the first settler to land on its shores. He married, whilst on his voyage out, Miss C. H. Beare, daughter of T. H. Beare, second in command under the Company. He was killed by a fall from his horse a few months after his arrival. Mr. David McLaren was appointed his successor, and arrived in 1837.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Steel, Rev. Robert

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​Steel, Rev. Robert, D.D., Ph.D., is of Scotch extraction, but was born at Pontypool, Monmouthshire, in 1827. He was educated at the Ayr Academy and at the Aberdeen and Edinburgh Universities, being licensed to preach by the Free Presbytery of Irvine in 1851. He subsequently held various charges, being transferred to Halford in 1855 and to Cheltenham in 1859. He meanwhile contributed to the religious press, and was the originator and for four years one of the editors, of Meliora, a quarterly periodical of social science. In 1861 he was created Ph.D. of the University of Göttingen, and in the same year was appointed to the pastorate of the Macquarie Street church, Sydney, where he arrived in June 1862. Subsequently he took a leading part in promoting the union of the Presbyterian churches of New South Wales, and was elected Moderator of the third General Assembly in 1867. He was actively interested in the establishment of St. Andrews College, and he has been one of the General Assembly's tutors in theology. For five years he edited the Presbyterian, a weekly paper in Sydney. In 1869 he was adjudged guilty of contempt of court for having published a letter from a missionary exposing the evils of the Polynesian labour traffic, and which it turned out had reference to the proceedings of a captain who was awaiting trial for the murder of kidnapped South Sea Islanders. The Chief Justice, Sir Alfred Stephen, dissented from the decision, and Dr. Steel was the object of much popular sympathy, evidenced by addresses and presentations. He was created D.D. by Lafayette College in Pennsylvania, and in 1874 was transferred to the pastorate of St. Stephen's Church, Phillip Street, Sydney, which he still holds. In the same year Dr. Steel visited the New Hebrides, in the Dayspring, in order to see the working of the missions, in which he had always taken a deep interest, and published a book on the subject in 1880. Amongst other works, Dr. Steel is author of the following: "Doing Good, or the Christian in Walks of Usefulness"(1858); "Samuel the Prophet, and the Lessons of his Life and Times" (1860); "Lives made Sublime by Faith and Work" (1861); "Burning and Shining Lights, or Memoirs of Good Ministers of Jesus Christ" (1864); "The Christian Teacher in Sunday Schools" (1867); "The Shorter Catechism with Analyses, Illustrations, and Anecdotes" (1885); and "The Achievements of Youth" (1891). All the above were published by Messrs. Nelson & Sons, of Edinburgh. Dr. Steel, who is the son of the late James Steel and Anne Gillespie his wife, married at Huntly, Scotland, on Nov. 23rd, 1853, Miss Mary Allardyce.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Stephens, Hon. Thomas Blackett

Thomas Blacket Stephens
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​Stephens, Hon. Thomas Blackett, M.L.C., son of a Baptist minister, was born at Rochdale, Lancashire, in 1819, and emigrated to New South Wales in 1849, Prior to this he 'had come under the personal influence of Cobden, Bright, and Ashworth, and took an active part in the agitation of the Anti-Corn Law League. In 1855 Mr. Stephens went to Moreton Bay, and about the time when that district was separated from the mother colony became proprietor of the Brisbane Courier. In 1869 it was sold to a limited company, in which Mr. Stephens retained an interest till 1873. Mr. Stephens, who was Mayor of Brisbane in 1862, founded the Queenslander, the admirable weekly journal still published in connection with the Courier. He represented South Brisbane in the Legislative Assembly for a number of years, and was Colonial Treasurer in the second Macalister Government from May to August 1867. In Nov. 1868 he again took office as Colonial Secretary in the Lilley Ministry, but relinquished this post for that of Colonial Treasurer in Jan. 1869, resigning with his colleagues in May 1870. Mr. Stephens was Postmaster-General, as well as Treasurer, from Nov. 1869 to Jan. 1870. In the last Macalister Government he was Secretary for Lands from Jan. 1874 to May 1875. On quitting the Assembly he was nominated to the Legislative Council. Mr. Stephens died in Brisbane on August 26th, 1877.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Eads, James Buchanan

Edition of 1920. See also James Buchanan Eads on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
EADS, ēdz, James Buchanan, American engineer: b. Lawrenceburg, Ind., 23 May 1820; d. Nassau, New Providence, 8 March 1887. He began as a clerk in a dry-goods house in Saint Louis in 1833, and then secured work on a Mississippi steamboat in 1839. He early designed some useful boats for raising sunken steamers, and in 1861, when called to advise the Federal government, constructed within 100 days eight ironclad steamers for use on the Mississippi and its tributaries. He afterward built a number of other ironclads and mortar-boats, which were of considerable service to the North. He built an arch bridge across the Mississippi at Saint Louis 1867-74. His works for improving the South Pass of the Mississippi delta were successfully completed in 1875-79; and his great plan for deepening the river as far as the mouth of the Ohio by means of jetties has been demonstrated to be entirely practicable. A later suggestion, for the construction of a ship-railway across the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, attracted much attention. In 1884 he received the Albert Medal of the Society of Arts, being the first American citizen to whom this honor had been awarded. Consult How, ‘James B. Eads’ (Boston 1900).
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Eckert, Thomas Thompson

Edition of 1920. See also Thomas Eckert on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
ECKERT, Thomas Thompson, American telegrapher: b. Saint Clairsrille, Ohio, 23 April 1825; d. 20 Oct. 1910. In 1852-59 he was superintendent of the telegraph line between Pittsburgh and Chicago; in 1859-61 superintendent of a gold-mining company in North Carolina; and in the latter year was appointed superintendent of the military telegraph department of the Potomac. Subsequently he was general superintendent of the military telegraph of the army, and was brevetted brigadier-general of volunteers for his services. In 1864-66 he was Assistant Secretary of War; in 1866-75 general superintendent of the eastern division of the Western Union Telegraph Company; in 1875-81 president of the American Union Telegraph Company, and in 1892 became president and general manager of the Western Union Telegraph Company. He retired in 1902.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Eck, Heinrich

Edition of 1920. See also “Eck, Heinrich, tysk geolog,” Svensk uppslagsbok, 1955, and the disclaimer. d. 1925
ECK, Heinrich, German geologist: b. Gleiwitz, Silesia, 1837. He received his education at the University of Breslau; took part in the geological survey in Thuringia and Silesia in 1862, from 1866 to 1871 he was lecturer at the mining school in Berlin and in the latter year was appointed professor of mineralogy
and geology at the Stuttgart Polytechnic Institute. He made numerous investigations dealing mostly with Triassic deposits, the results of which appeared in the publications of the German Geological Society. His principal works are ‘Ueber die Formationen des bunten Sandsteins und des Muschelkalks in Oberschlesien und ihre Versteinerungen’ (1865); ‘“Rudersdorf und Umgegend,” in ‘Abhandlungen zur geologischen Spezialkarte von Preussen’ (Vol. I, 1872): ‘Das Erdbeben in der Gegend zwischen Strassburg, Forbach . . . am 11 June 1887’ (1892); ‘Verzeichnis der mineralogischen, geognostischen, vorgeschichtlichen und balneographischen Litteratur von Baden, Württemberg, Hohenzollern’ . . . (1880; with additions in 1901).
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Eckford, Henry

Edition of 1920. See also Henry Eckford (shipbuilder) on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
ECKFORD, Henry, American naval architect: b. Irvine, Scotland, 12 March 1775; d. Constantinople, 12 Nov. 1832. He became a ship-builder in New York, in 1796; designed and constructed a fleet of war vessels for the United States government in 1812-14; built the Robert Fulton, which made the first voyage by steam from New York to New Orleans and Havana; became naval constructor at the Brooklyn navy yard in 1820; and built several war vessels for European and South American
governments. At the invitation of the sultan he became chief constructor in the Turkish navy, and established a navy yard at Constantinople.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Dóczi, Ludwig von

Edition of 1920. See also Lajos Dóczi on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
DÓCZI, dō'tsē, Ludwig von, Hungarian author: b. Odenburg 1845. He was educated in Vienna and Budapest, became a journalist and in 1867 entered the office of the Austro-Hungarian Ministry of the Interior. Sometime afterward he became a councillor in the Ministry for Foreign Affairs. He has published ‘Utolsó prófétā’ (1868) and ‘A Cósk’ (The Kiss 1871), two dramas, also several prose works and some poems. He translated the first part of Goethe's ‘Faust’ (new ed. 1878) into Hungarian and also Schiller's poems (1903-05).
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Ebner-Eschenbach, Barones Marie von

Edition of 1920. See also Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
EBNER-ESCHENBACH, āb'nĕr ĕsh'ĕn-bäH, Barones Marie von, Austrian author; b. (Countess Dubsky) Castle Zdislavic, Moravia, 13 Sept 1830. In 1848 she was married to an officer of the Austrian army. Her whole life was spent between Castle Zdislavic and Vienna. Her early products were dramas long since forgotten. She began in 1860 as a playwright with ‘Mary Stuart in Scotland’ {3860), and the tragedy ‘Marie Roland,’ with the one-act dramas ‘Doctor Ritter,’ ‘Violets,’ and ‘The Disconsolate One,’ all of which were but moderately successful. Her fiction beginning with ‘The Princess of Banalia’ (1872), a satiric tale, made little impression; but ‘Two Countesses’ (1885), a story of Austrian high society, met with striking favor. Her other writings include ‘Tales of Village and Castle’;, ‘The Child of the Parish’ (1887); ‘The Rival’; ‘Aphorisms’ (1880); and ‘Parables, Stories and Poems’ (1892); ‘Margarete’ (1891); ‘Drei Novellen’ (1892); ‘Glaubenslos’ (1893); ‘Das Schädliche’ and ‘Die Totenwacht’ (1894); ‘Rittmeister Brand’ and ‘Bertram Vogelweid’ (1896); ‘Alte Schule’ (1897); ‘Aus
Spathersbttagen’ (1901); ‘Agave’ (1903); ‘Die arme Kleine’ (1904); ‘Die unsiegbare Macht’ (1905); ‘Meine Kinderjahre’ (1906); ‘Ein Buch Für die Jugend’ (1907); ‘Volksbuch’ (1909); ‘Altweibersommer’ (1909); ‘Genrebilder’ (1910). Her collected works were published in 1893-1911. She is a writer with a remarkably polished style, marked with wonderful powers or description and a facility in character delineation equal to the best. Her plots are well woven and the proportion is just. For her biography, consult Necker (Berlin 1900) and Bettelheim (ib. 1900).
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Eck, Ernst Wilhelm Eberhard

Edition of 1920. See also Andreas Fijal, Die Geschichte der Juristischen Gesellschaft zu Berlin in den Jahren 1859 bis 1933, Walter de Gruyter, 1991, pp. 99-101, and the disclaimer.
ECK, Ernst Wilhelm Eberhard, German jurist: b. Berlin, 1838; d. 1901. He received his education at the universities of Berlin and Heidelberg; was professor at Berlin (1871), Giessen (1872), Halle (1872-77), Breslau (1878-81) and thereafter at Berlin. Of his numerous works the principal are ‘Die sogenannten doppelseitigen Klagen des römischen und gemeinen deutschen Rechts’ (1870); ‘Die Verpflichtung des Verkäufers zur Gewährung des Eigentums nach römischem und gemeinem deutschen Recht’ (1874); ‘Die Stellung des Erben,’ etc., in Bekker and Fischer, ‘Beiträge zur Beurteilung des Entwurfs eines bürgerlichen Gesetzbuchs’ (1890).
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Eck, Johann Maier von

Edition of 1920. See also Johann Eck on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
ECK, Johann Maier von, a Catholic theologian, life-long adversary of Luther: b. Eck, Suabia, 13 Nov. 1486; d. Ingolstadt, 1543. His father, a peasant named Maier, assumed the name Maier von Eck or Maier of Eck, after becoming bailiff of his village. Johann, at the age of 11 years, entered the University of Heidelberg whence he passed to the University of Tübingen and there at the age of 14 years took the degree of master of arts. Successively at Tübingen, Cologne and Freiburg universities he studied divinity, jurisprudence and mathematics and at the same time was instructor in philosophy. He was appointed professor of theology in the University of Ingolstadt (1510). While on his travels in Italy (1515) he took part in a public disputation in the University of Bologna and won high distinction; in 1516 on a similar occasion at Vienna he had a like success. In 1518 he published a pamphlet, ‘Obelisci,’ in defense of the Catholic doctrines attacked in Luther's celebrated ‘Theses’ of 31 Oct. 1517. Eck was now chancellor of the University of Ingolstadt and Luther put forward Carlstadt as a defender of the ‘Theses’; Carlstadt not only replied to Eck in print, but challenged him to a public disputation. Eck accepted the challenge and the disputation was held at Leipzig, with Eck as the champion of Catholicism against both Carlstadt and Luther. The disputation was commenced 27 June 1519 and lasted till 15 July. More than a year previously Luther in a letter to one of his friends credited Eck with eminent scholarship and great natural gifts, but after the disputation he was for Luther “a pitiful theologian” and “a miserable sophist.” The numerous audience and the townsmen with unanimity awarded the crown of victory to Eck, and Ludier, in a private letter to his intimate friend Spalatinus, confessed defeat. Eck, stimulated by his success, devoted himself thereafter wholly to working for the overthrow of his adversaries. He procured from the universities of Cologne and Louvain a condemnation of Luther's writing and was honored at Rome with the commission to publish in Germany Pope Leo's bull Exsurge Domine against Luther. But he was received with manifestations of popular enmity almost everywhere; even at Leipzig the bull was solemnly committed to the flames by the students and the populace. On several notable occasions afterward — at the diet of Augsburg (1530), the conferences at Worms (1540) and those at Ratisbon (1541), he was again a principal
champion of Catholicism. Some of his works are a German translation of the Old Testament, and a revision of Luther's translation of the New Testament. His pamphlets and books against the doctrines of Luther are included in ‘Operum Johannis Eccii contra Lutherum.’ Consult Wiedemann, ‘Dr. Johannes Eck’ (Regensburg 1865).
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Eckermann, Johann Peter

Edition of 1920. See also Johann Peter Eckermann on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
ECKERMANN, Johann Peter, yō'hän pā'tėr ĕk'ĕr-mä, German poet: b. Winsen, Hanover, 21 Sept. 1792; d. Weimar, 3 Dec. 1854. He has a permanent place in literature through his record of ‘Conversations with Goethe in the Last Years of His Life’ (1823-32), which has been translated into nearly all the languages of Europe, even Turkish. He edited the posthumous as well as the 40-volume edition of Goethe's works (1839-40).
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Eckert, Max

Edition of 1920. See also Max Eckert-Greifendorff on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
ECKERT (Friedrich Eduard), Max, German geographer: b. Chemnitz 1868. He received his education in Löbau and Berlin; taught some time at Löbau and Leipzig and in 1903 became privatdozent at Kiel University. In 1907 he was appointed to the chair of geography in the Royal Technical High School of Aachen (Aix-la-Chapelle). He has published ‘Schulatlas’ (45th ed., 1912); ‘Wesen und Aufgabe der Wirtschafts- und Verkehrsgeographie’ (1903); ‘Grundriss der Handelsgeographie’ (1905); 'Leitfaden der Handelsgeographie' (3d ed., 1911); ‘Neue Entwürfe für Erdkarten’ (1906); ‘Die Kartographie als Wissenschaft’ (1907); ‘The New Fields of Geography, especially Commercial Geography’ (1907); ‘Geographisches Praktikum,’ with Krümmel (1908); ‘Fortschritt in der geographischen Erschliessung unsern Kolonien’ (1908 et seq.); ‘Die Kartenprojektion’ (1910); ‘Deutsche Kulturgeographie’ (1912); ‘Wirtschaftsatlas der deutschen Kolonien’ (1912); ‘Die wirtschaftliche Bedeutung des Panama-Kanals’ (1913); ‘Die Metallverbreitung und Metallgewerbe der Welt’ (1913).
# The Female Prose Writers of America/Mary E. Hewitt

MARY E. HEWITT.
Mrs. Hewitt’s maiden name was Mary Elizabeth Moore. She was born in Malden, Massachusetts. Her father, an independent New England farmer, a man of good education, and fine personal appearance, died when Mary was but three years of age, leaving a young wife and four children. The family removed the following year to Boston, where the subject of this sketch remained until her marriage with Mr. James L. Hewitt, an extensive publisher of music in New York city. In this latter place Mrs. Hewitt has resided ever since.
By her maternal grandfather she is descended from an old family by the name of Collins, in Kent, England. “Thomas Collins, lord of the manor,—son of John, son of Alexander, son of Alexander,” was first permitted to bear a coat of arms, and to figure in heraldry with “gules,” and “griffins,” and “martelets azure.” By her maternal grandmother, however, she had a descent still more honourable, being a lineal descendant of the good old puritan, Roger Williams.
As a writer, Mrs. Hewitt is known almost exclusively by her poetry. A volume of her poems published in Boston in 1846, called “The Songs of our Land,” was very well received, both in England and America. Edgar A. Poe published three separate critiques on these poems. After a very learned show of “trochees” and “iambuses,” he declares that “they are generally, rather than particularly, commendable—abounding in forcible passages,” and that “many of them would do credit to any poet in the land.” He pronounces the “Hercules and Omphale” to be “worthy of all praise,” and “that rara avis in our literature, a well-constructed sonnet.”
Mrs. Hewitt’s prose writings, though not numerous, have been such as to justify the expectation raised by her poems. She has contributed several excellent stories to the “Memorial,” the “Odd Fellows’ Offering,” and the “Gem of the Western World,” and some sketches for the “Southern ​Literary Messenger.” She is at present engaged upon a prose volume, to be entitled “The Heroines of History.”
The following extract is from an Irish legend, the events of which are supposed to have occurred during the times of the Druidical superstition.
# The Eurypterida of New York/Volume 2/Explanations of plates/Plate 70

PLATE 70
Pterygotus macrophthalmus Hall Page 350 See plate 69, fig. 2–7; plate 71
| 1 | Ventral view of a nearly entire specimen showing the operculum with female genital appendage and the other sternites, a swimming leg, a detached distal portion of a chelicera and the long, club-shaped basal joint of another |
| 2 | Well preserved telson of a larger individual showing the elongate form. Natural size Horizon and locality. Cranes Corners, Herkimer co., N. Y. |
Pterygotus monroensis Sarle Page 380
| 3 | Fragment of free pincer or chela probably belonging to this species. Natural size |
| 4 | Metastoma, probably belonging to this species. Natural size |
| 5 | The type. Carapace. Natural size Horizon and locality. Pittsford, Monroe co., N. Y. |
Pterygotus? sp.
| 6 | Fragment of carapace, probably belonging to Pterygotus. Natural size |
| 7 | Distorted carapace of a Dolichopterus or Pterygotus. Natural size |
| 8 | Telson of a Pterygotus. Natural size Horizon and locality. McKenzie formation (Basal Cayugan period of Upper Siluric). Near Hancock, Md. |
The originals of figures 1–5 are in the State Museum, those of figures 6–8 in the National Museum
| Memoir 14. N.Y.State Museum. | Plate 70. |
| G.S.Barkentin del. | J.B.Lyon Co. State Printer. |
# The Eurypterida of New York/Volume 2/Explanations of plates/Plate 69

PLATE 69
Hughmilleria shawangunk Clarke Page 342 See plates 64–66
| 1 | Carapace showing normal outline and eyes. × 3 Horizon and locality. Shawangunk grit. Otisville, Orange co., N. Y. |
Pterygotus macrophthalmus Hall Page 350 See plates 72–73
| 2 | A nearly complete specimen showing the dorsal view of the preabdomen and postabdomen, the latter distended and exhibiting the membrane connecting the joints; and the telson. Natural size Horizon and locality. Bertie waterlime. Cranes Corners, Herkimer co., N. Y. |
| 3 | A young specimen showing the relatively greater size of the compound eyes and ocellar mound. Natural size Horizon and locality. Bertie waterlime. Marshall, Oneida co., N. Y. |
| 4 | Dorsal view of three tergites and postabdomen showing the marginal serrations of the ultimate segment and the median carina. Natural size Horizon and locality. Bertie waterlime. Oneida co., N. Y. |
| 5 | Young carapace preserving well the outline of the carapace, the form and prominence of the compound eyes and the ocellar mound. × 2 |
| 6 | Larger carapace. Natural size |
| 7 | Specimen showing the carapace, three tergites and swimming legs. Natural size Horizon and locality. Bertie waterlime. Cranes Corners, Herkimer co., N. Y. |
All figures are from photographs. The originals of figures 1, 2, 5, 6, 7 are in the State Museum, those of figures 3 and 4 are in the American Museum of Natural History
| Memoir 14. N.Y.State Museum. | Plate 69. |
| J.A.Glenn phot. | J.B.Lyon Co. State Printer. |
# The Eurypterida of New York/Volume 2/Explanations of plates/Plate 73

PLATE 73
Pterygotus buffaloensis Pohlmann Page 358 See plates 57, 67, 68, 70, 74–82
| 1 | Carapace of large specimen showing normal outline, facettae of compound eyes and traces of ornamentation. Natural size |
| 2 | Telson of large specimen, showing median keel and spines and marginal serrations. Natural size Horizon and locality. Bertie waterlime. Buffalo, N. Y. |
The originals are in the museum of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences
| Memoir 14. N.Y.State Museum. | Plate 73. |
| G.S.Barkentin del. | J.B.Lyon Co. State Printer. |
# The Eurypterida of New York/Volume 2/Explanations of plates/Plate 74

PLATE 74
Pterygotus buffaloensis Pohlmann Page 358 See plates 57, 67, 68, 72–73, 75–80
| 1 | Fragment of a large body showing coxal joint of swimming leg and large chelicerae with straight undivided basal joints. Natural size Horizon and locality. Bertie waterlime. Buffalo, N. Y. |
Photograph of original in the museum of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences
| Memoir 14. N. Y. State Museum. | Plate 74. |
| A J Glenn phot | J B Lyon Co State Printer |
# The Eurypterida of New York/Volume 2/Explanations of plates/Plate 76

PLATE 76
Pterygotus buffaloensis Pohlmann Page 358 See plates 57, 67, 68, 72–75, 77–80
| 1 | Largest specimen observed showing the carapace, a swimming leg, the dorsal view of segments (some of the anterior ones of which are missing) and the telson. Reduced ⅓ Horizon and locality. Bertie waterlime. Buffalo, N. Y. |
The original is in the museum of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences
| Memoir 14. N.Y. State Museum. | Plate 76. |
| G. S. Barkentin del. | J. B. Lyon Co. State Printer. |
# The Eurypterida of New York/Volume 2/Explanations of plates/Plate 68

PLATE 68
Pterygotus buffaloensis Pohlmann Page 358 See plate 57, fig. 3; plates 67, 69–80
| 1 | Restoration of ventral aspect. About 1-10 natural size |
| Memoir 14. N.Y.State Museum. | Plate 68. |
| G.S.Barkentin del. | J.B.Lyon Co. State Printer. |