# The World Factbook (1982)/Tunisia
## TUNISIATUNISIA

* (See reference map VII)

### LANDLAND

164,206 km$^2$; 28% arable land and tree crops, 23% range and esparto grass, 6% forest, 43% desert, waste, or urban
Land boundaries: 1,408 km

### WATERWATER

Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (fishing 12 nm exclusive fisheries zone follows the 50-meter isobath for part of the coast, maximum 65 nm)
Coastline: 1,143 km (includes offshore islands)

### PEOPLEPEOPLE

Population: 6,842,000 (July 1982), average annual growth rate 2.7%
Nationality: noun—Tunisian(s); adjective—Tunisian
Ethnic divisions: 98% Arab, 1% European, less than 1% Jewish
Religion: 98% Muslim, 1% Christian, 1% Jewish
Language: Arabic (official), Arabic and French (commerce)
Literacy: about 50%
Labor force: 4 million, 40% agriculture; 15%-25% unemployed; shortage of skilled labor
Organized labor: 25% of labor force; General Union of Tunisian Workers (UGTT), quasi-independent of Destourian Socialist Party

### GOVERNMENTGOVERNMENT

Official name: Republic of Tunisia
Type: republic
Capital: Tunis
Political subdivisions: 17 governorates (provinces)
Legal system: based on French civil law system and Islamic law; constitution patterned on Turkish and US constitutions adopted 1959; some judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court in joint session; legal education at Institute of Higher Studies and Superior School of Law of the University of Tunis
National holiday: Independence Day, 1 June
Branches: executive dominant; unicameral legislative largely advisory; judicial, patterned on French and Koranic systems Government leaders: President Habib BOURGUIBA; Prime Minister Mohamed MZALI
Suffrage: universal over age 21
Elections: national elections held every five years; last elections 1 November 1981
Political party and leader: Destourian Socialist Party, led by Habib Bourguiba, is official ruling party
Voting strength (1981 election): over 95% Destourian Socialist Party; 3.23% Social Democrats, under 1% Popular United Movement, under 1% Communist Party
Communists: a small number of nominal Communists, mostly students; Tunisian Communist Party legalized in July 1981
Member of: AFDB, Arab League, AIOEC, FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IOOC, ISCON, ITU, IWC—International Wheat Council, NAM, OAU, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

### ECONOMYECONOMY

GDP: $8.5 billion (1980 prelim.), $980 per capita; 60% private consumption, 15.3% government consumption, 27.6% investment; average annual growth (1975-80), 7.1%
Agriculture: main crops—cereals (barley and wheat), olives, grapes, citrus fruits, and vegetables
Major sectors: agriculture; industry—mining (phosphate), energy (petroleum, natural gas), manufacturing (food processing and textiles), services (transport, telecommunications, tourism, government)
Electric power: 814,900 kW capacity (1980); 2.428 billion kWh produced (1980), 371 kWh per capita
Exports: $2.2 billion (f.o.b., 1980); 51% crude petroleum, 14% phosphates, 8% textiles
Imports: $1.1 billion (c.i.f., 1980)
​Major trade partners: exports—France, Italy, West Germany, Greece
Tourism and foreign worker remittances: $622 million (1980)
Budget: (1980 prelim.) total revenue and grants $2.4 billion; current expenditures $1.7 billion; development expenditures, including capital transfers and net lending, $881 million
Monetary conversion rate: 0.51 Tunisian dinar (TD)=US$1
Fiscal year: calendar year

### COMMUNICATIONSCOMMUNICATIONS

Railroads: 2,089 km total; 503 km standard gauge (1.435 m), 1,586 km meter gauge (1.000 m)
Highways: 17,140 km total; 7,940 km bituminous, 660 km gravel; 2,000 km improved earth; 6,540 km unimproved earth
Pipelines: 797 km crude oil; 10 km refined products; 372 km natural gas
Ports: 4 major, 8 minor
Civil air: 15 major transport aircraft, including 3 leased in
Airfields: 29 total, 26 usable; 12 with permanent-surface runways; 5 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 10 with runways 1,220-2,439 m
Telecommunications: the system is above the African average; facilities consist of open-wire lines, multiconductor cable, or radio relay; key centers are Safaqis, Susah, Bizerte, and Tunis; 145,000 telephones (2.3 per 100 popl.); 4 AM, 3 FM, and 11 TV stations; 3 submarine cables

### DEFENSE FORCESDEFENSE FORCES

Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,590,000; 887,000 fit for military service; about 77,000 reach military age (20) annually
Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1981, $261 million; 9% of central government budget