OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Morier, David (1705?-1770)

​MORIER, DAVID (1705?–1770), painter, was born at Berne in Switzerland about 1705. He came to England in 1743, and obtained the patronage of William, duke of Cumberland, who gave him a pension of 200l. a year. Morier excelled in painting animals, especially horses, and executed several battle pieces and equestrian portraits. Among the latter were portraits of George II, George III (engraved by Francois Simon Ravenet [q. v.]), and the Duke of Cumberland (engraved by Lempereur) . Portraits by Morier of the Duke of Cumberland and John Pixley, the Ipswich smuggler, were engraved in mezzotint by John Faber, jun. Morier exhibited at the first exhibition of the Society of Artists in 1760, and again in 1762, 1765, and 1768, sending equestrian portraits, and in the last year 'An Old Horse and the Farmer.' He fell into pecuniary difficulties, and was in 1769 confined in the Fleet prison, where he died in January 1770. He was buried on 8 Jan. in the burial-ground at St. James's Church, Clerkenwell, London, at the expense of the Society of Artists.
[Redgrave's Dict. of Artists; Chaloner Smith's British Mezzotinto Portraits; Catalogues of the Soc. of Artists.]
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Moriarty, David

​MORIARTY, DAVID (1814–1877), bishop of Kerry, son of David Moriarty, esq., by his wife, Bridget Stokes, was born at Derryvrin, in the parish of Kilcarah, co. Kerry, on 18 Aug. 1814. He was educated at home by private tutors, at Boulogne-sur-Mer in the Institution Haffreingue, and at the Royal College of St. Patrick, Maynooth (1831-9). He was appointed vice-rector of, and professor of sacred scripture in, the Irish college at Paris in 1839; and became rector of the Foreign Missionary College of All-hallows, Drumcondra, Dublin, in 1845. He ​ was nominated coadjutor bishop of Kerry in 1854, and succeeded to the see on 22 July 1856. Many pastoral letters and sermons published by him attracted the attention of the public. He uniformly discountenanced all treasonable movements in Ireland, vigorously denounced the Fenian brotherhood, and subsequently opposed the home rule party. At the Vatican council he spoke and voted against the opportuneness of defining the papal infallibility, but he accepted the definition in all its fulness when it had been decreed. He died on 1 Oct. 1877.
[Brady's Episcopal Succession, ii. 63, 375 ; Men of the Time, 1875, p. 739; Tablet, 6 Oct. 1877, pp. 419, 437.]
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Morier, Isaac

​MORIER, ISAAC (1750–1817), consul-general of the Levant Company at Constantinople, belonged to a Huguenot family, which on the revocation of the edict of Nantes migrated to Château d'Oex, in the valley of the Sarine, east of Montreux in Switzerland, where the name is still preserved. Some of the Moriers engaged in commerce at Smyrna, where Isaac was born 12 Aug. 1750, and where he married, in 1775, Clara van Lennep, daughter of the Dutch consul-general and president of the Dutch Levant Company. One of her sisters was married to Admiral Waldegrave, afterwards first Baron Radstock [q. v.], and another to the Marquis de Chabannes de la Palice, whose sons became as distinguished in France as their Morier cousins in England. The three sisters were all celebrated for their beauty, and Romney painted portraits of each of them. Isaac Morier was naturalised in England, but, losing his fortune in 1803, was obliged to seek employment in the East, and in 1804 was appointed the first consul-general of the Levant Company at Constantinople, a post which, on the dissolution of the company in 1806, was converted into that of his Britannic majesty's consul. To this Isaac Morier joined the functions of agent to the East India Company, and held these appointments till his death, of the plague, at Constantinople, in 1817. Four of his sons—David Richard, James Justinian, John Philip, and William—are noticed separately.
[Private information.]
S. L-P.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Morier, John Philip

​MORIER, JOHN PHILIP (1776–1853), diplomatist, was the eldest of the four sons of Isaac Morier [q. v.], and was born at Smyrna 9 Nov. 1776. He was attached to the embassy at Constantinople 5 April 1799, where he acted as private secretary to the ambassador, the seventh Earl of Elgin, best known for his acquisition of the 'Elgin marbles.' Morier was despatched on 22 Dec. 1799 on special service of observation to Egypt, to accompany the grand vezir in the Turkish expedition against General Kléber, whom Napoleon had left to hold the country. Morier joined the Turkish army at El-'Arish, on the Egyptian frontier, 31 Jan. 1800, and remained with it until July. He published an admirable account of the campaign, under the title of 'Memoir of a Campaign with the Ottoman Army in Egypt from February to July 1800' (London, 8vo, 1801). According to the 'Nouvelle Biographie' he was taken prisoner by the French, but in spite of his character as the representative of a hostile power, entrusted, moreover, with a secret mission to co-operate diplomatically with the Turks with a view to the expulsion of the French from Egypt, he was set at liberty, with a warning that should he again be found in Egypt he would meet the fate of a spy. No authority, however, is adduced for this story, which is unsupported by any public or private evidence. In December 1803 Morier was appointed consul-general in Albania, where the policy of 'Ali Pasha of Jannina, the most powerful of the semi-independent vassals of the Porte, was for many years a subject of solicitude both to English and French diplomacy (Lane-Poole, Life of Stratford Canning, i. 104). In April 1810 he was promoted to be secretary of legation at Washington, and in October 1811 was gazetted a commissioner in Spanish America. On his return to England he became for a while acting under-secretary of state for foreign affairs in August 1815. In the following year, 5 Feb., he was appointed envoy extraordinary to the court of Saxony at Dresden, which post he held till his retirement, on pension, 5 Jan. 1825. He died in London 20 Aug. 1853. He had married, 3 Dec. 1814, Horatia Maria Frances (who survived him only six days), eldest daughter of Lord Hugh Seymour, youngest son of the first Marquis of Hertford, by whom he had seven daughters, one of whom married the last Duke of Somerset.
[Foreign Office List, 1854; London Gazette, 1 Oct. 1811; Ann. Reg. 1853; information from Sir E. Hertslet; private information.]
S. L-P.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Ricardo, John Lewis

​RICARDO, JOHN LEWIS (1812–1862), free-trader, the son of Jacob Ricardo, financier, and nephew of David Ricardo [q. v.], was born in 1812. In early life he showed great athletic prowess, on one occasion riding a spirited horse, barebacked, up a staircase and into a dining-room at Aylesbury. He had chosen the army as his profession, when he was induced, on the death of his father, to continue the financial business in which the latter had been engaged. In 1841 he became M.P. for Stoke-upon-Trent, and, in conjunction with Charles Pelham Villiers and others, advocated the repeal of the corn laws and the navigation laws, of which he made a special study. It was partly owing to his exertions that the stade tolls on the Elbe were abolished. He retained the seat for Stoke until his death.
An able administrator, Ricardo took a leading part in the promotion of the electric telegraph. He established in 1846 the Electric Telegraph Company, of which he was chairman for ten years. While acting in that capacity he introduced franked message papers and the employment of female clerks. He was chairman of the North Staffordshire Railway Company from the time of its construction until his death; of the Norwegian Trunk Railway, for the construction of which he contracted jointly with Sir Samuel Morton Peto [q. v.] and Thomas Brassey [q. v.]; of the Metropolitan Railway Company; and director of the London and Westminster Bank. He died at Lowndes Square, London, on 20 Aug. 1862. He married, in 1841, Katherine, daughter of General the Hon. Sir Alexander Duff, and sister of James Duff, fifth earl of Fife, leaving a son, Augustus Lewis Ricardo, captain in the grenadier guards, who died without issue in 1871.
Ricardo published, among other pamphlets, 1. ‘The Anatomy of the Navigation Laws,’ London, 1847, 8vo. 2. ‘The War Policy of Commerce,’ London, 1855, 8vo.
W. A. S. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Rhys Goch ap Rhicert

Fabricated poet, according to the ODNB.
​RHYS GOCH ap RHICERT (fl. 1300), Welsh poet, lived at Tir Iarll in Glamorgan. According to the Iolo MSS. (p. 229), his father was a son of Einion ap Collwyn, one of the figures of the Glamorgan conquest legend. Stephens has shown (Literature of the Kymry, 2nd edit. pp. 454–6) that this parentage is impossible, since Rhys's immediate descendants belong to the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, and his poetry is of the age preceding that of Dafydd ap Gwilym [q. v.] He is in error, no doubt, in stating that it is poetry without ‘cynghanedd,’ but the alliteration is not uniformly employed, as in later work (Hanes Llenyddiaeth Gymreig, by Gweirydd ap Rhys, pp. 168–9). Rhys's poems (twenty in number) first became known through their publication, from a manuscript of John Bradford of Tir Iarll (d. 1780) in the Iolo MSS. (pp. 228–51); his name was previously almost unknown. They are mostly love poems, marked by much felicity of expression and a keen appreciation of natural beauty, qualities in which Rhys anticipates Dafydd ap Gwilym, his younger contemporary and poetic heir. He was the father of Rhys Brydydd or Rhys Llwyd of Llan Haran, a poet of the end of the fourteenth century (Myvyrian Archaiology, 2nd edit. p. 826; Iolo MSS. pp. 200, 289).
J. E. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Rhys ab Owain

​RHYS ab OWAIN (d. 1078), Welsh prince, was the son of Owain ab Edwin ab Einon ab Owain ap Hywel Dda. He was one of the leaders defeated by William FitzOsbern [q. v.] in an expedition led by the latter about 1070 against the people of Brecknock (Ord. Vit. iv. 7). On the death of his brother Maredudd in 1071, Bleddyn ap Cynfyn of North Wales appears to have seized the crown of Deheubarth, but in 1075 Rhys and the headmen of Ystrad Tywi (East Carmarthenshire) slew the northern prince, and South Wales was divided between Rhys and Rhydderch ap Caradog, who in the same year defeated Gronw and Llywelyn, sons of Cadwgan, in the battle of Camddwr. In 1076 the death of Rhydderch left Rhys in sole possession; he defeated the sons of Cadwgan once again in the following year, in the battle of ‘Guinnitul.’ In 1078 Rhys was attacked by Trahaearn ap Caradog, then ruling over North Wales; his household troops were cut to pieces, and he himself became a fugitive, disasters which were regarded in the north as a judgment for the murder of Bleddyn. Towards the end of the year he and his brother Hywel were slain by Caradog ap Gruffydd, lord of Gwynllwg (Wentloog).
J. E. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Rhysbrach, John Michael

​RHYSBRACH, JOHN MICHAEL (1693?–1770), sculptor. [See Rysbrack.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Ricart, Robert

​RICART, ROBERT (fl. 1478), town clerk of Bristol, was a lay brother of the fraternity of the Kalendars, an ancient guild attached to the church of All Saints, Bristol. He was perhaps the vestry clerk of that church, for the parish minute-book appears to have been written by him from 1466 to 1478. He was elected common clerk of the town on 29 Sept. 1478 (the eighteenth of Edward IV, cf. Kalendar, p. 1), and held that office till 1508 or 1509 (ib. p. 49, and preface p. iii). It is somewhat improbably conjectured that he was a chantry priest at All Saints. The name was not uncommon at Bristol, where a Reginald Riccard was steward in 1267, Arthur Rycarte sheriff in 1558, and Philip Ricart town clerk in 1519. The will of a Robert Riccarde of Bristol was proved in the prerogative court of Canterbury on 26 March 1504.
At the bidding of William Spencer, who was mayor of Bristol in 1478–9, Ricart compiled a book, to be known as the ‘Mayor's Register’ or ‘Mayor's Kalendar,’ to form a record of the ancient usages and customs of the town. The book is divided into six parts, the first three relating to the history, the last three to the local customs and laws. It was edited by Miss Lucy Toulmin Smith for the Camden Society in 1872. Leland (Itinerary, vii. 87) appears to quote it as ‘a little book of the Antiquities of the house of Kalendaries in Brightstow.’ Entries made by Ricart are found also in the ‘Great Red Book,’ the ‘Book of Wills,’ and the ‘Little Red Book,’ among the Bristol archives.
C. L. K.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Marshall, Edward

​MARSHALL, EDWARD (1578–1675), statuary and master-mason, born in 1578, appears to have sprung from a Nottinghamshire branch of the Marshall family. He was admitted to the freedom of the Masons' Company in January 1626, and to the livery in 1631–2. He resided, as a 'stonecutter,' in Fetter Lane, and became master-mason to Charles II after the Restoration. Marshall was much employed as a tomb-maker, and executed among others the monuments of William, earl of Devonshire, and his countess (1628) at Derby. Sir Robert Barkham and family (1644) at Tottenham, Sir Dudley Digges at Chatham. The line tomb to the Cutts family at Swavesey in Cambridgeshire is by Marshall or his son Joshua [see below], Marshall died on 10 Dec. 1675 in London, and was buried in the church of St. Dunstan-in-the-West, where a monument remains to his memory. He was twice married, and by his first wife Anne (d. 1673) he had nine sons and five daughters, of whom only the eldest son Joshua survived him. He married secondly Margaret, daughter of John White, and widow of Henry Parker of Barnet, while daughter Margaret had been married to Marshall's younger son Henry (d. 1674).
Marshall, Joshua (1629–1678), statuary and master-mason, eldest son of the above, was born in London in 1629. He succeeded his father as master-mason. In that capacity he executed the pedestal designed by Grinling Gibbons [q. v.] for the statue of Charles I at Charing Cross, and was also employed in the building of Temple Bar in 1670. He had a large practice as a tomb-maker, executing among others the monuments to Richard Brownlow [q. v.], prothonotary, at Belton in Lincolnshire, and to Edward, lord Nevil, and his wife at Campden in Gloucestershire, He married Katherine, daughter of John George, citizen of London, died 6 April 1678, aged 49, and was buried with his father in the church of St. Dunstan-in-the-West, He left two surviving sons, Edward and John, and a daughter Anne, married to Richard Somers of the Inner Temple.
[Redgrave's Dict. of Artists; Marshall's Miscellaneous Marescalliana; Denham's St. Dunstan's-in-the-West; Noble's Hist. of Temple Bar; Gent. Mag. 1851, pt. i. p. 10; information from G. W. Marshall, esq., LL.D.]
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Marshall, Jane

Jean Marishall in the ODNB.
​MARSHALL or MARISHALL, JANE (fl. 1765), novelist and dramatist, was employed by the publisher John Newbery [q. v.] as a writer for the young. She published in October 1765 a sentimental novel entitled 'The History of Miss Clarinda Cathcart and Miss Fanny Kenton.' It is dedicated to Queen Charlotte, and is in epistolary form. A second addition appeared in 1760, and a third in 1767. In 1767 also appeared 'The History of Alicia Montagu, by the Author of Clarinda Cathcart,' 2 vols. 12mo. Both met with a favourable reception. She afterwards wrote a comedy in prose called 'Sir Harry Gaylove,' and sent the manuscript to Lord Chesterfield and to Lord Lyttleton, who damned it with faint praise. It also went the round of the leading theatrical managers. Garrick refused to read it; Colman did not think the plot interesting enough for the stage, but allowed that the play had merit; Foote, the manager of the Edinburgh Theatre, seems to have accepted it, but he delayed its production so long that Jane Marshall determined to publish it by subscription. It appeared in 1772 as 'Sir Harry Gaylove, or Comedy in Embryo,' printed in Edinburgh, with a prologue by the blind poet, Dr. Blacklock, and an epilogue by Dr. Downman, and a preface by herself. Among the subscribers was James Boswell. It is a poor and amateurish piece, written like her novels under the influence of Richardson.
In 1788 appeared from her pen 'A Series of Letters for the Improvement of Youth.'
[Gent. Mag. 1765. p. 485; Notes and Queries, 3rd ser. iv. 327; Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Baker's Biog. Dram.; Allibone's Dict.]
E. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Marshall, Charles (1806-1890)

​MARSHALL, CHARLES (1806–1890), scene-painter, son of Nathan and Mary Marshall, was born on 31 Dec. 1806. He studied oil painting under John Wilson, and at the age of eighteen received a gold medal from the Society of Arts. He became a pupil of Marinari, the architectural scenic artist at Drury Lane Theatre, and subsequently developed into one of the most prominent and most successful scene-painters of the day. Marshall was employed by Elliston and by Osbaldiston at the Surrey Theatre, and by many other managers of theatres; but his chief successes were under the management of Macready at Covent Garden and Drury ​Lane. Among his most notable achievements was the scenery to Shakespeare's 'The Tempest,' and 'As you like it,' and for the first production of Lord Lylton's plays. He was also very successful in plays such as 'Coriolanus' or 'Virginius,' which required a knowledge of classical architecture. Marshall was the first to introduce the limelight on the stage, and originated and developed the 'transformation scene.' Generally speaking his scenery depended more on illusion than on solid pictorial effects, such as practised by Clarkson Stanfield and others. On the death of William Grieve [q. v.] in 1844, Marshall became scene-painter to the opera at Her Majesty's Theatre, and did much to assist Benjamin Lumley in the revival of the ballet. He retired from this profession about 1B58, and devoted the remainder of his active life to landscape-painting, which he had practised continuously, being a frequent exhibitor at the Royal Academy, British Institution, and Suffolk Street exhibitions. He also painted some panoramas of Napoleon's battles, 'The Overland Route,' &c., and contributed a diorama to illustrate the coronation of William IV. At the coronation of Victoria he had a share in the decorations of Westminster Abbey. Marshall died at 7 Lewisham Head, Highgate, on 15 Feb. 1844, Anna Marin, daughter of James Kittermaster, M. D., of Meriden, Warwickshire, by whom he left three children; of these two sons, Charles Marshall and Robert A. K. Marshall, also became artists.
[Clement and Hutton's Artists of the Nineteenth Century; Sunday Times, 16 March 1896; Hampstead Express, 22 March 1890; private information.]
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Marshall, James (1796-1855)

​MARSHALL, JAMES (1796–1855), divine, born at Rothesay, Bute, on 23 Feb. 1796, was son of a doctor, on whose death in 1806 the family removed to Paisley. James was educated at Paisley grammar school, and subsequently at the universities of both Glasgow and Edinburgh. On 2 Sept. 1818 he was licensed to preach by the presbytery of Glasgow, and after assisting his mother's friend, Dr. Robert Balfour, at the Outer High Church, Glasgow, succeeded to Balfour's charge at his death in 1819. In 1828 he was appointed by the Edinburgh town council to the Tolbooth Church, Edinburgh. Although for some years he generally sympathised with the opponents of the establishment in the controversy which led to the disruption, he disliked the extremities to which his party seemed to be committing itself, and ultimately, embracing episcopacy, which he had convinced himself was the only scriptural form of church government, he severed his connection with the Scottish church. He sent in his resignation to the presbytery of Edinburgh on 29 Sept. 1841, and, after being confirmed by the Bishop of Edinburgh, was ordained by the Bishop of Durham as curate to Canon Gilly at Norham (19 Dec.). He took priest's orders on 6 Feb. 1842, and was appointed to the rectory of St. Mary-le-Port, Bristol. In 1845 Marshall became secretary to the newly founded Lay Readers' Association, which he carried on with great vigour for many years. In May 1847 he was appointed by the Simeon trustees to the living of Christ Church, Clifton, which he held till his death. After three years' ill-health he died on 29 Aug. 1855 at his house, Vyvyan Terrace, Clifton, and was buried on 4 Sept. in the Clifton parish church burial-ground. He married in 1822 Catherine Mary, daughter of Legh Richmond, rector of Turvey, Bedfordshire.
Marshall was an effective preacher, and as a young man he attracted the favourable notice of Dr. Chalmers in that capacity. His calm demeanour in the pulpit strikingly contrasted with the vehemence commonly characteristic of the Scottish clergy.
Marshall published, besides sermons and addresses, ‘Inward Revival, or Motives and Hindrances to Advancement in Holiness,’ 8vo, Edinburgh, 1840, and ‘Early Piety illustrated in the Life and Death of a Young Parishioner,’ 12mo, both of which had a large circulation. He also edited the letters of his aunt, ‘the late Mrs. Isabella Graham of New York,’ London, 1839, 12mo. A copy is in the Edinburgh Advocates' Library.
[Memoir by Marshall's eldest son, the Rev. James Marshall, 1857, with Introduction, Preface, and Appendix, containing letters from the Rev. Dr. Hunter and the Rev. W. Niven, referring to subject of memoir; Bristol Mercury, 1 and 8 Sept. 1855; Clifton Chronicle, 5 Sept. 1855, in which is an elaborate account of Marshall's funeral; Gent. Mag. 1855, pt. ii. p. 551; Allibone's Dict. Engl. Lit. ii. 1226; Brit. Mus. Cat. and Edinb. Advocates' Libr. Cat.; Hew Scott's Fasti, i. 52, iii. 22.]
G. Le G. N.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Marshall, James (1829-1889)

​MARSHALL, Sir JAMES (1829–1889), colonial judge, son of James Marshall, sometime vicar of Christ Church, Clifton, was born at Edinburgh on 19 Dec. 1829. He was prevented from entering the army by the loss of his right arm through a gun ​accident. Graduating from Exeter College, Oxford, in 1854, he took holy orders almost immediately, and for two years held a curacy. In November 1857 he joined the church of Rome, and as his physical defect debarred him from being a priest, he became procurator and precentor in the church at Bayswater, a post for which his musical talent fitted him. Later he was for a time a private tutor, and in 1863 became classical master at Birmingham Oratory School, where he won the friendship of Cardinal Newman. In 1866 he was called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn, and joined the northern circuit, eventually settling at Manchester. In May 1873 Marshall was appointed chief magistrate of the Gold Coast and assessor to the native chiefs. On the breaking out of the Ashanti war in 1874, he secured the chiefs' assent to the impressment of their tribesmen, and was of great use throughout the campaign in raising levies. He received the special thanks of the secretary of state, and later the Ashanti medal. In 1875 he was stationed at Lagos. In November 1876 he was promoted to be senior puisne judge of the supreme court of the Gold Coast. In 1879 he became chief justice, and on his retirement in 1883 he was knighted. In 1879 he was executive commissioner for the West African colonies at the Colonial and Indian Exhibition, and received the decoration of the C.M.G. In 1887, at the urgent request of Lord Aberdare, governor of the company, he once more went abroad to Africa for a few months as chief justice of the territories of the Royal Niger Company. He died at Margate on 9 Aug. 1889.
Marshall married, in October 1877, Alice, daughter of C. Guillym Young of Corby, Lincolnshire.
[Private and official information; Times, 14 Aug. 1889: Col. Office List, 1882; a short biography by the Very Rev. Canon Brownlow, V.G., 1910.]
C. A. H.