# A Grammar of the Persian Language

Original in the Bodleian Library, Oxford, Aleph number 014199990
Layout 2
کتاب شکرستان‎
در صرف ونحو پارسي‎
تصنیف یونس اوکسفردي‎
A
GRAMMAR
OF THE
PERSIAN LANGUAGE,
BY SIR WILLIAM JONES,
OF UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OXFORD, AND OF THE ROYAL SOCIETIES OF LONDON AND COPENHAGEN.
چو عندلیب فصاحت فروشد ای حافظ‎
تو قدر او نسخن کفتن دري بشکن‎
THE NINTH EDITION,
WITH CONSIDERABLE ADDITIONS AND IMPROVEMENTS,
AND SOME SPECIMENS OF THE FINEST PERSIAN AND ARABICK HAND WRITING, FOR THE EXERCISE OF THE STUDENT,
BY THE REV. SAMUEL LEE, B. D.
D. D. OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HALLE: HONORARY MEMBER OF THE ASIATIC SOCIETY OF PARIS: HONORARY ASSOCIATE OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LITERATURE: MEMBER OF THE ORIENTAL TRANSLATION COMMITTEE, AND OF THE ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND: AND PROFESSOR OF ARABICK IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE.
LONDON:
PRINTED BY W. NICOL, CLEVELAND ROW,
FOR PARBURY, ALLEN AND CO.; S. BAGSTER; T. CUTHELL; JOHN RICHARDSON; HAMILTON, ADAMS, AND CO.; G. B. WHITTAKER; BLACK, YOUNG, AND YOUNG; HOWELL AND STEWARD; W. MASON; AND HENRY STEEL.
1828.
* Preface
* Editor's Preface
THE TABLE OF CONTENTS.
* Of the Letters, page 1–4
* Of the Consonants, 4–9
* Of the Vowels, 10–12
* Of the Orthographical Marks, 12–13
* Numerical Values of the Letters, 13–14
* Modes of Describing Letters and Words, 14–17
* Of the Figures Tarkhīm and Imālah, 17
* Praxis on the Reading, 17–20
* Kinds of Writing, 20–21
* Of the Nouns, 21–22
* Of Case, 22–24
* Of Indefinite Nouns, Nouns of Unity, &c., 24–28
* Of the ي‎ of Supplication, Endearment, &c., 28–30
* Of Numbers, 30–32
* Of Persian Attributives, 33–34
* Of the Separate Pronouns, 34–36
* Of the Possessive Pronouns, Inseparable, &c., 36–37
* Of the Reciprocal Pronouns, 37–39
* Of the Demonstrative Pronouns, 39–40
* Of the Relative Pronouns, 40–41
* Of the Persian Verbs, 41–42
* Conjugation of Abstract and Substantive Verbs, 42–49
* Of Forming the Tenses, 49–65
* General Paradigm Active Voice, 65–69
* Passive Voice, 69–72
* Of the Causal Verb, 72–73
* Of the Composition and Derivation of Words, 74–81
* Of the Formation of Nouns, 81–84
* Of Diminutive Nouns, 84–85
* Of the Hasili Masdar, 85–87
* Of Nouns of Place, 87–88
* Of Compound Verbs, 88–92
* Of the Persian and Arabick Numerals, 93–95
* Of the Ordinals, 95–96
* Persian Adverbs, 96–97
* Interrogatives, 97–98
* Conjunctions, Prepositions, Interjections, 98–100
* Of the Persian Syntax,101
* Of Indefinite Nouns, &c. 101–104
* Construction of the Numerals, 104
* Of Nouns Qualifying one another, 104–107
* Of the Comparative and Superlative Degrees, 107–108
* Of the Relative Pronouns, 109–112
* Of the Subject and Predicate, 112–114
* Of the Concordance of the Subject and Predicate, 114–116
* Of the Subject of Verbs, 116–117
* On the Government of Verbs, 118–120
APPENDIX I.
* On the Arabick Verbs and Nouns, 133–134
* Paradigm of the 1st Conjugation Active Voice, 134–136
* Passive Voice of the 1st Conjugation, 137–138
* On the Defective Verbs, 138–140
* General Paradigm of the Active Voice, 141
* Of the Passive Voice, 142
* Remarks on the General Paradigm, 142–144
* On Ababick Nouns, 144–145
* Table of Infinitives of the 1st Conjugation, 145–147
* Table of Pluriliterals of the 1st Conjugation, 147–148
* Table of Attributives, 148
* Table of Nouns of Excess, 149
* Table of Jāmids, 149
* Table of Increased Jāmids, 150
* Table of Quadriliteral Jāmids, 150
* Table of Augmented Jāmids, 151
* Table of Quinquiliteral Jāmids, 151
* Table of Augmented Quinquiliteral Jāmids, 151
* Of Masdars implying Unity of Action, 151–2
* Of the Noun of Superiority, 152
* Of the Noun of Instrument, Time, and Place, 152–154
* Of the Noun of Excess, 154
* Of the Diminutive Noun, 154–155
* Of the Formation of the Feminine from the Masculine Gender, 155–156
* Of the Relative Noun, 156–158
* Of the Artificial Infinitive, 159
* Of Number, 159–161
* Of the Broken Plurals, 161
* Tables of Broken Plurals, 162
* Plurals of Paucity, 162
* Plurals of Multitude, 163–165
* Of the Last of Plurals, 165–166
* Of the Declension of Nouns, 166–168
* On the Arabick Pronouns.
* Of the Separate Pronouns, 169
* Of the Affixed Pronouns, 169–171
* Of the Reflective Pronouns, 171
* Of the Demonstrative Pronouns, 171–173
* On the Arabick Syntax, 176
* On the Combination of Words, 176–179
* The Concordance of the Subject with the Predicate, 179–181
* On the Objective Cases of Verbs, 181
* On the Use of the Tenses, 182–183
* On the Terms of Circumstance and Discrimination, 183–185
* Of the Numerals, 185–186
* Of the Abstract Verbs, 186
* Of the Particles affecting the Terminations of the Present Tense, 186–188
* On the Passive Verb, 188
* Of Particles Affecting the Cases of Nouns, 188–189
* Of the Vocative Particles, 190
* On the Definite Article ال‎, 190–191
APPENDIX II.
* On the Persian Prosody, 192
* On the Quantity of Syllables, 192–195
* On the Feet used in Persian Prosody, 195–196
* On the Measures of the different kinds of Verse, 196
* Examples, 196–201
APPENDIX III.
* Praxis. A Persian Fable with an Analysis, 202–228
* Poetical and Prose Translations of a Persian Song, 229–232
APPENDIX IV.
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
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