OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# American Medical Biographies/Bean, Tarleton Hoffman

​Bean, Tarleton Hoffman (1846–1916)
Tarleton Hoffman Bean, eminent ichthyologist, was born in Bainbridge, Pennsylvania,
October 8, 1846, the son of George Bean and Mary Smith. He was educated at the State Normal School, Millersville, Pennsylvania, then studied medicine and graduated at Columbian (now George Washington) University in 1876.
He was curator of the Department of Fisheries, United States National Museum, from 1880 to 1895; director of the New York Aquarium from 1895 to 1898; and state fish culturist from 1906 until his death. He was assistant in charge of the division of fish culture, United States Fish Commission, 1892– 1895; and acting curator of fishes, American Museum of Natural History, New York, 1897.
From 1878 to 1886 he was editor of the Proceedings and Bulletins of the United States National Museum. Bean represented the United States Fish Commission at the Chicago Exposition in 1893; at the Atlanta Exposition in 1895; was director of Forestry and Fisheries at the Paris Exposition in 1900; and chief of the Departments of Fish and Game and Forestry at the St. Louis Exposition, 1902–1905.
Dr. Bean was one of the most eminent ichthyologists of America, and as a fish culturist he was easily in the foremost rank. He was a prolific writer on these subjects, the published bibliography of his books and articles containing 275 titles, to which must be added 47 published in collaboration, making a total of 322.
His chief books are: "The Fishes of Pennsylvania" (1893), "The Fishes of Long Island" (1901), "Fishes of New York" (1903), "The Fishes of Bermuda" (1906). In collaboration with W. C. Harris he published in 1905 "The Basses, Fresh-Water and Marine," and in collaboration with George Brown Goode he published 39 articles largely dealing with fishes of the deep sea. Undoubtedly that work which will longest perpetuate Dr. Bean's reputation as a profound student of fishes is "Oceanic Ichthyology" (1896) of which he was joint author with Goode. This great work consists of a volume of text of 529 pages and another of 124 plates.
From 1906 until his death in 1916, Bean was head of the fish cultural work in New York State, and by his energy and expert knowledge he put New York at the head of all the states of the union in the propagation and preservation of its fishes.
He was Chevalier Legion of Honor and Officer of Mérite Agricole, France; Knight Imperial Royal Order of Red Eagle, Germany; Order of the Rising Sun, Japan; an honorary member of the Danish Fisheries Societies; a member of the American Forestry Association; and the American Fisheries Society—its president in 1908–1909.
In 1878 he married Laurette H. Van Hook of Washington.
Dr. Bean was injured in an automobile accident in October, 1916, from the results of which he died December 28, 1916, at Albany, New York.
# American Medical Biographies/Bayard, William

​Bayard, William (1814–1907)
William Bayard was born in Kentville, Nova Scotia, on August 21, 1814, being of Huguenot ancestry, and directly connected with the family represented by the famous knight sans peur et sans reproche, whose coat of arms is carried by them to this day. His father, Robert Bayard, M. D., a graduate of the University of Edinburgh and professor of obstetrics in the University of the City of New York, stood at the head of his profession in Nova Scotia and was a fluent speaker and an able writer. His mother was Frances Catherine Robertson, daughter of Commissary Robertson who was killed in the Colonial war which began in 1775.
William Bayard, when twelve years of age, was sent to a popular educational institution, conducted by the Rev. William Powell, at Fordham, near New York City, where he remained five years. He then entered as a private student with Dr. Valentine Mott, the eminent New York surgeon, at the same time attending the medical lectures at the college. While in Dr. Mott's office he took high honors for proficiency in anatomy. The next year he matriculated at the University of Edinburgh, and received his M. D. there in 1837. He then walked the hospitals in Paris and visited many in Germany, and on returning to St. John, New Brunswick, practised in company with his father. There was not a city or large town in the Province of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia or Prince Edward Island to which he had not been called upon professional business. The general public hospital in the city of St. John owed its existence to the energy of Dr. Bayard, who placed before the legislature an act to assess the community for the funds necessary to build it, and secured the passage of the bill by his personal endeavors.
He was a man of intense energy and great decision of character, and occupied all the prominent positions of his profession. He was chairman of the hospital board for a long period, chairman for many years of the board of health, coroner, president of the New Brunswick Medical Society for four years in succession, president of the Medical Council of New Brunswick, of the St. John Medical Society, Maritime Medical Association and of the Canadian Medical Association.
He was a writer and contributor for various medical journals; editor for New Brunswick at one time of the Montreal Medical and Surgical Journal, in which many articles from his pen may be found.
Dr. Bayard married early in life Susan Maria Wilson (1844), and his wife died in 1876, leaving no children. She was a woman of ability and fine social qualities, giving much time to caring for the poor and unfortunate.
On August 1, 1907, his seventieth anniversary of graduation at Edinburgh, Dr. Bayard received from his Alma Mater, through professor Cunningham, Dean of the Faculty of Medicine, an address, in which it was mentioned that the aged physician was, as far as was known, the oldest living graduate of that seat of learning, and the combined Faculty conferred on him the honorary degree of LL. D. in absentia.
Dr. Bayard died on December 17, 1907, at the great age of ninety-four.
# American Medical Biographies/Baylies, William

* related authors: William Baylies.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
​Baylies, William (1743–1826)
William Baylies, physician, was born at Uxbridge, Massachusetts, December 5, 1743, the son of Nicholas Baylies, a native of Shropshire, England, who emigrated to Uxbridge and later moved to Taunton, a town which he represented several years in the General Court. William graduated from Harvard College in 1760 and studied medicine with Dr. Elisha Tobey, of New Bedford, at the completion of his course marrying a daughter of the Hon. Samuel White, of Taunton, speaker of the House of Representatives, and settling as a physician in the town of Dighton.
Dr. Baylies' activities in life were many. He represented Dighton in the Legislature, and in three Provincial Congresses, was a member of the State Convention that adopted the Federal Constitution; a judge of the Court of Common Pleas, and for a long time register of probate, but chiefly he was a doctor, and he was much in demand as a consultant, being particularly noted for his acumen in prognosis. He read much and was prudent and cautious but not timid.
He was one of the original members of the Massachusetts Historical and the ​Massachusetts Medical Societies and a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. In 1807 Harvard conferred upon him the honorary degree of M. D.
He died June 17, 1826. He was the author of "Ulcerated Sore Throat in Dighton, 1785– 6," Communications Massachusetts Medical Society, vol. i, series 1.
# American Medical Biographies/Baxley, Henry Willis

​Baxley, Henry Willis (1803–1876)
Henry Willis Baxley, a founder of the first dental college in the world, was born at Baltimore in June, 1803, and educated at St. Mary's College in the same city, afterwards attending medical lectures in the University of Maryland and receiving his M. D. from that institution in 1824. From 1826 to 1829 he was attending physician to the Baltimore General Dispensary and from 1831 to 1832 held the same post at the Maryland Penitentiary. He was appointed demonstrator of anatomy at the University of Maryland in 1834. In 1837 he became professor of anatomy and physiology in the University of Maryland (Trustees' School), succeeding Prof. Eli Geddings, who had resigned. In 1840 he held the same chair in the Baltimore College of Dental Surgery, then founded. From 1842 to 1847 he was professor of surgery in the Washington University of Baltimore; from 1849 to 1850 he was physician to the Baltimore Almshouse; in the latter year he moved to Cincinnati, having accepted the chair of anatomy in the medical College of Ohio; in 1852 he was transferred to the chair of surgery in the same institution; in 1865 he was government inspector of hospitals, and the following year went to Europe where he remained until 1875 when he removed to Baltimore, and on March 13 of the following year he died there.
Dr. Baxley was a thorough anatomist, and an able teacher and surgeon. Among his operations was entire removal of the lower jaw for osteosarcoma (reported 1839). Among his more important writings were two works written while he was abroad: "What I saw on the West Coast of North and South America and at the Hawaiian Islands," New York, 1865, 632 pages, illustrated; "Spain, Art Remains, Art Realities, Painters, Priests and Princes, being Notes of Things seen and Opinions formed during nearly Three Years Residence and Travel in that Country," two volumes, London, 1875.
Dr. Baxley incurred the enmity of the medical faculty of the University of Maryland, who thought that he sided with the trustees in the differences that arose between the two bodies, and it was his election to the chair of anatomy in that institution by the latter in 1837 that led to the disruption of the school, to the two medical faculties, to the famous suit of Regents vs. Trustees, and to the restoration of the institution to the regents by the Court of Appeals of Maryland in 1839. Baxley left one son, Claude, who followed his father's profession.
# American Medical Biographies/Bayly, Alexander Hamilton

​Bayly, Alexander Hamilton (1814–1892)
Alexander Hamilton Bayly was born in Cambridge, Maryland, on March 3, 1814, the son of the Hon. Josiah Bayly, at one time attorney-general of Maryland, and of Anne Hack Walters of Somerset County, Maryland. He received his early education at the High School, Cambridge, and at fourteen entered St. Mary's College, Baltimore, completing his education at Washington College (now Trinity), Hartford, Connecticut, in 1832. He then began to study medicine under Dr. Vans Murray Sullivane of Cambridge, Maryland, and in 1833 worked under Prof. Samuel Baker of Baltimore, graduating from the University of Maryland in 1835. He became a member of the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty and president of the State Board of Lunacy. During the Civil War, Dr. Bayly was the surgeon-in-charge of the military hospital in Cambridge.
Dr. Bayly was specially efficient as a surgeon, and as early as 1839 did an excision of the tibia, and in 1846 was the first to employ the horse-shoe magnet to remove a piece of metal from the cornea.
For forty years or more, Dr. Bayly was mayor of Cambridge and he did much to beautify the town by planting trees. He was artistic in many directions, being a fine musician and specially fond of botany, the garden in the rear of his old home in Cambridge being one of the most beautiful to be found anywhere. His personal characteristics were lovely, he was charitable and kind, his affection and care for his children was almost womanly. Dr. Bayly's wife was Delia Byus Eccleston by whom he had eleven children, none of whom studied medicine. Dr. Bayly loved his native town, the "Old Sleepy Hollow" as he called it, and it was there that he died on March 14, 1892, from rheumatic gout.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Schwang

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Schwang | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Schwang, m., only in the phrase im Schwange sein, ‘to be in vogue,’ from MidHG. swanc (g or k), m., ‘swinging motion, swinging, stroke, cut’; allied to schwingen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Schwanz

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Schwanz | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Schwanz, mn., ‘tail, trail, train,’ from the equiv. MidHG. swanz, m. (for OHG. *swanz a form zagal, MidHG. zagel, equiv. to E. tail, is used). Through the medium of the intensive forms swangezen, swankzen, MidHG. swanz is connected with schwingen: MidHG. swansen, ‘to shake to and fro,’ Du. swanselen, ‘to reel.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Schwall

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Schwall | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Schwall, m., ‘swell, billow, flood,’ from MidHG. swal(ll), m., ‘swollen mass’; allied to schwellen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Schwan

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Schwan | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Schwan, m., ‘swan,’ from the equiv. MidHG. swane, swan, m., OHG. swan, m. (swana, f.); corresponding to Du. zwaan, AS. swǫn, E. swan, OIc. svanr, m., ‘swan’; Goth. *swans is by chance not recorded. Probably allied to the Sans. root svan, ‘to rustle, resound’ (comp. Hahn, allied to Lat. canere), Lat. sonare (for *svonare); prop. only of the singing swan?.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Schwank

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Schwank | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Schwank, m.. ‘prank, drollery, farce,’ from late MidHG. swanc (g or k), m., ‘prank, trick, an anecdote about it,’ identical with MidHG. swanc, ‘swing, stroke, cut’ (see Schwang), OHG. swanch, m., allied to swingan (just as OHG. chlanch to chlingan; see Klang).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Schwalbe

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Schwalbe | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Schwalbe, f.,‘swallow,’ from the equiv. MidHG. swalwe, OHG. swalawa, f.; a common Teut. term; corresponding to the equiv. Du. zwaluw, AS. swealwe, E. swallow, OIc. svala (gen. svǫlu), f., ‘swallow.’ No certain explanation can be given of the prim. form swalwôn, f.; perhaps it represents swalgwôn-, pre-Teut. swalkuân, to which Gr. ἀλκύων is also traced.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Schwalch

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Schwalch | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Schwalch, m., ‘gullet, opening in a furnace,’ from MidHG. swalch, m., ‘gullet,’ allied to schwelgen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Schwarm

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Schwarm | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Schwarm, m., ‘swarm, cluster, throng,’ from MidHG. swarm, OHG. swaram, m., ‘swarm (of bees)’; allied to the Sans. root svar, ‘to rustle, resound.’ Comp. AS. swearm, ‘swarm (of bees),’ E. swarm, OIc. svarmr. See schwirren.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Schwarte

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Schwarte | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Schwarte, t., ‘thick, hard skin; rind, bark, from MidHG. swarte, swart, f., ‘hairy scalp, hairy or feathered skin’ (OHG. *swarta, f., is by chance not recorded). A common Teut. word; comp. Du. zwoord, ‘bacon rind,’ OFris. swarde, ‘scalp,’ AS. sweard, MidE. sward, ‘skin,’ OIc. svǫrðr, ’scalp, skin, whale-hide’; Goth. *swardus, f., ‘scalp.’ Origin obscure. Note the evolution in meaning of E. sward, Scand. jarðan-svǫrðr, gras-svǫrðr, Dan. jord-, grönswœrd.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Schwamm

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Schwamm | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Schwamm, n., ‘sponge, fungus,’ from the equiv. MidHG. swam (mm), swamp (b), m., OHG. swam (mm), swamb, m.; comp. Goth. swamms, ‘sponge,’ OIc. svǫppr, ‘‘sponge.’ Within these groups, which are very possibly connected together, we must distinguish three words, probably of different origin, of which the Goth. stems were swamma-, *swamba-, and *swampu-. In ModHG. the first two forms lave been united; to the second form Gr. σομφός (for σξο-), ‘spongy, loose, porous,’ is primit. allied; the first is formed from schwimmen.
# American Medical Biographies/Wright, Hamilton

​Wright, Hamilton (1867–1917)
Hamilton Wright, American physician and pathologist, known chiefly for his campaign against narcotics, died in Washington, D. C., January 9, 1917, of pneumonia.
Born in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1867, he graduated from the medical department of McGill ​University and spent a year in studying at first-hand tropical conditions of life in China and Japan. Then he became John Lucas Walker exhibitioner of Cambridge University, and was appointed assistant director of the London County laboratories. At this period he spent some time in Heidelberg and other continental universities. The British Government sent him, in 1899, to the Malay states to study beriberi and other tropical diseases and there he remained for four years, founding an institute for medical research. Several more years of research work in the United States as honorary fellow of Johns Hopkins University and in Europe were followed by appointment as American delegate to and acting chairman of, the International Opium Commission which met at Shanghai, China, in 1909.
Dr. Wright was also prominent in the second and third opium conferences at The Hague in 1913 and 1914. He worked successfully to have the Harrison Narcotic Law and three other similar acts passed suppressing the abuse of narcotics in this country, and forbidding citizens of the United States from engaging in trade in narcotics with China. He married Elizabeth, daughter of Senator Washburn, by whom he had five children.
From 1915 until he was injured in a motor accident he devoted himself to relief work in France. His writing are in the form of papers and monographs.
# American Medical Biographies/Wright, Marmaduke Burr

​Wright, Marmaduke Burr (1803–1879)
Marmaduke Burr Wright, a physician and medical teacher of Cincinnati, Ohio, was born in Pemberton, New Jersey, November 10, 1803. His early education was acquired in the Trenton Academy, and at the age of sixteen he began to study medicine with Dr. John McKelway, of Trenton, an alumnus of the University of Edinburgh. After attending three courses of medical lectures in the University of Pennsylvania he received his M. D. there in 1823 and in the same year he settled in Columbus, Ohio, and speedily established his reputation as a skilful physician and surgeon. In 1835 he married Mary E. Olmstead, of Columbus. In 1838 he held the chair of materia medica and therapeutics in the Medical College of Ohio, and two years later was transferred to the chair of obstetrics in the same institution. From this position he was removed by the action of the trustees of the college in 1850, a step which occasioned no little controversy and bitterness of feeling, but he was reelected to the same chair in 1860, and continued to hold this position until his retirement, with the title of professor emeritus, in 1868. During a large portion of his term of service in the Medical College of Ohio Dr. Wright filled the office of dean of the faculty.
Dr. Wright was one of the founders of ​the Ohio State Medical Society in 1846, president of this society in 1861, corresponding member of the American Society of Physicians of Paris, an honorary member of the American Gynecological Society, president of the Cincinnati Academy of Medicine in 1864, a member of the Cincinnati Obstetrical Society, and for thirty years held a position on the staff of the Commercial and Cincinnati hospitals.
He was an early and persistent advocate of combined cephalic version in obstetrics, "Difficult Labors and Their Treatment." ("Transactions of the Ohio State Medical Society," 1854); and of the establishment of asylums for the care and cure of inebriates. A fluent and logical writer he contributed numerous papers to the journals and societies of his day. Among the more important of these were:
"The Prize Essay of the Ohio State Medical Society," for the year 1854; "Drunkenness, its Nature and Cause or Asylums for Inebriates." ("Transactions of the Ohio State Medical Society," 1859); "Report of the Committee on Obstetrics to the Ohio State Medical Society." ("Transactions of Ohio State Medical Society," 1860).
He died in Cincinnati, August 15, 1879.
# American Medical Biographies/Wynne, James

​Wynne, James (1814–1871)
James Wynne was born in Utica, New York, in 1814 and died in Guatemala, Central America. February 11, 1871. He was a lineal descendant of Sir John Wynne, of Gwydyr, Wales. He was educated at the University of the City of New York, studied medicine, and was licensed to practise, settling in Baltimore, Md. Later he removed to New York City, where he devoted much attention to the subject of life insurance and medical jurisprudence, contributing to the Transactions of the American Medical Society, to the North American Review, Knickerbocker, and other standard magazines, and. about 1867 he emigrated to Guatemala, where he engaged in coffee-culture. He published valuable reports, including "Public Hygiene" (New York, 1847); "Asiatic Cholera in the United States in 1847," prepared at the request of the British government, from which he received a medal (London, 1852); and one on the "Vital Statistics of the United States," made to the Mutual Life Insurance Company of New York and London (New York, 1877). His other works are "Memoir of Maj. Samuel Ringgold" (Baltimore, 1847); "Lives of Eminent Literary and Scientific Men of America" (New York, 1850); "Importance of the Study of Legal Medicine" (New York, 1857); and "The Private Libraries of New York" (1863).