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# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lyon, Patrick (d.1695?)

​LYON, Sir PATRICK (d. 1695?), of Carse, lord of session, was second cousin of Patrick Lyon, first earl of Strathmore [q. v.], and was admitted a member of the Faculty of Advocates on 11 July 1671. He had previously been professor of philosophy in the college of St. Andrews. For many years his family had an intimate connection with Dundee, his residence in that burgh having been in Whitehall Close, a passage now transformed into an open street. A splendid sculptured stone, bearing the arms of the United Kingdom, the initials of Charles II, and the date 1660, is still preserved in Dundee Museum, and is reasonably supposed to have been erected by Lyon in front of his residence to commemorate the Restoration. On the death of Lord Nairn he became an ordinary lord of session, taking his seat, with the title of Lord Carse, on 10 Nov. 1683. He was appointed one of the lords of justiciary on 20 Feb. 1684, but as he was an ardent Jacobite he was deprived of both offices at the revolution of 1688. His son, Magister Patrick Lyon of Carse, was declared his heir on 30 Oct. 1695. There is a portrait of Lyon in the drawing-room at Glamis Castle, which was painted by Jacob de Witt, a Dutch artist who was engaged in the deco​ration of that castle in 1688. Lyon is known to antiquaries as the author of a manuscript ‘Genealogy of the Principal Scottish Families,’ which is now in the Advocates' Library, Edinburgh, and formed the foundation of Sir George Mackenzie's well-known work on this subject.
[Brunton and Haig's Senators of the College of Justice, p. 418; Millar's Glamis Papers (Scott. Hist. Society).]
A. H. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lyons, Israel (1739-1775)

​LYONS, ISRAEL, the younger (1739–1775), mathematician and botanist, son of Israel Lyons the elder [q. v.], born at Cambridge in 1739, displayed in early life a great inclination to learning, and particularly to mathematics. Dr. Robert Smith, master of Trinity College, offered to put him to school at his own expense, but he went only for a day or two, saying he could learn more by himself in an hour than with his master in a day. In 1755 he began to study botany, in which he became well versed, and he collected large materials for a ‘Flora Cantabrigiensis.’ He afterwards published ‘A Treatise of Fluxions’ (London, 1758, 8vo), with a dedication to his friend, Dr. Smith. In 1763 there appeared at London in 8vo his ‘Fasciculus Plantarum circa Cantabrigiam nascentium quæ post Raium observatæ fuere.’ In July 1764 he delivered a course of lectures on botany at Oxford, at the instance of Mr. (afterwards Sir Joseph) Banks, whom he first instructed in that science. In December 1770 he advertised proposals to publish by subscription a correct map of Cambridgeshire, from an actual survey taken by himself with very accurate instruments of the best construction (Cambridge Chronicle, 22 Dec. 1770).
In 1773 he was appointed by the board of longitude to accompany as principal astronomer Captain Phipps (afterwards Lord Mulgrave) in his voyage to the North Pole, and he drew up the tables annexed to the account of that expedition. He was granted an annual income of 100l. for calculating the ‘Nautical Almanac,’ and frequently received presents from the board of longitude for his inventions. He was married at St. Martin's-in-the-Fields, London, in March 1774 to Phœbe, daughter of Newman Pearson of Over, Cambridgeshire. He died at his house in Rathbone Place, London, on 1 May 1775 (Gent. Mag. 1775, i. 254).
Lyons could read Latin and French well, but wrote the former language indifferently. He was a student of English history, and was particularly well read in the old chronicles. He was, according to Cole, very debauched (Addit. MS. 5875, f. 96). His ‘Calculations in Spherical Trigonometry abridged’ are in the ‘Philosophical Transactions,’ vol. lxi. art. 46, and his name appears ​on the title-page of John Seally's ‘Complete Geographical Dictionary,’ 2 vols. London, 1787, 4to, the astronomical portion of which was taken from his papers. He left many valuable notes and observations for an edition of the ‘Miscellaneous Works of Dr. Edmund Halley, Astronomer Royal,’ which he had prepared for the press with the sanction of the Philosophical Society.
[Ann. Register, 1775, p. 128; Cambridge Chron. 28 July 1764, and 19 March 1774; Cooper's Annals of Cambridge, iv. 381; Gorham's Memoirs of Thomas Martyn, p. 122; Gough's Brit. Topography, i. 202; Lowndes's Bibl. Man. (Bohn), p. 1423; Nichols's Lit. Anecd. ii. 327, 419, iii. 661, viii. 208.]
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lyon, John (fl.1608-1622)

​LYON or LYOUN, JOHN (fl. 1608–1622), of Auldbar, the supposed author of ‘Teares for the Death of Alexander, Earle of Dunfermeling,’ was eldest son of Sir Thomas Lyon [q. v.] of Auldbar, apparently by his first wife, Agnes, daughter of Patrick, lord Gray, and widow of Sir Robert Logan of Restalrig, and Alexander, fifth lord Home [q. v.] He was served heir to his father on 6 Aug. 1608. Subsequently he was frequently warded (i.e. imprisoned) for debt (Reg. P. C. Scotl. vols. viii–x. passim). He married a daughter of George Gladstanes, archbishop of St. Andrews, but died without issue. The date of his death is unknown. The poem, of about 250 lines, on the death of Alexander Seton, earl of Dunfermline, printed by Andro Hart in 1622, was reprinted by the Bannatyne Club in 1823. Only one copy of the original print is known to exist—that in 1823 in the possession of Robert Pitcairne. In the dedication to Lady Beatrix Ruthven, Lady Cowdenknowes, daughter of the first Earl of Gowrie, the poet states that he is related to her by ‘band of blood,’ and signs himself ‘your Ladiships Cousen, most humblie devoted to serue you, John Lyoun.’ This may be explained by the relationship between the lady's husband, Home of Cowdenknowes, and Lyon of Auldbar's mother, by her marriage to Lord Home.
[Douglas's Scottish Peerage (Wood), ii. 564; Crawfurd's Officers of State, pp. 392–3; Reg. P. C. Scotl. passim; Maidment's Preface to the Bannatyne Club's edition of the poem.]
T. F. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hudson, Thomas (fl.1610)

​HUDSON, THOMAS (fl. 1610), poet, was probably a native of the north of England. His name stands first in the list of 'violaris' in the service of James VI in 1567: 'Mekill [i.e. probably, big] Thomas Hudsone, Robert Hudsone [q. v.], James Hudsone, William Hudsone, and William Fullartoun their servand.' The Hudsons in all likelihood were brothers. All their names reappear in 'The Estait of the King's Hous' for 1584 and 1590, with particulars as to salary and liveries. Thomas Hudson was also installed master of the Chapel Royal 5 June 1586, his appointment being ratified by two acts of parliament dated respectively 1587 and 1592.
Hudson's chief work is 'The Historie of Judith in forme of a Poeme: penned in French by the noble poet, G. Salust, Lord of Bartas: Englished by Tho. Hudson,' Edinburgh, 1584. The work was probably suggested by the king, to whom Hudson dedicates it, and who supplied a commendatory sonnet. It runs fluently, and the number of verses is limited to that of the original text. Hudson's version was reissued in London in 1608, with the later editions of Joshua Sylvester's 'Du Bartas,' and again in 1613, alone. Drummond of Hawthornden much preferred Sylvester's rendering to Hudson's. Hudson is one of the contributors to 'England's Parnassus,' 1600, and Ritson and Irving are agreed in identifying him with the 'T. H.' who contributed a ​sonnet to James VI's 'Essays of a Prentise,' Edinburgh, 1585. In 'The Return from Parnassus' (played at Cambridge in 1606), Hudson and Henry Lock, or Lok, are advised to let their 'books lie in some old nooks amongst old boots and shoes,' to avoid the satirist's censure. Hawkins hastily infers (Origin of the English Drama, ii. 214) that Hudson and Lok were the Bavius and Mævius of their age. Hudson's efforts are never contemptible, and Sir John Harrington (in his notes to Orlando Furioso, bk. xxxv.) characterises the 'Judith' as written in 'verie good and sweet English verse.'
[Authorities in text; Addit. MS. 24488, p.411; Ritson's Bibl. Poet.; Irving's Lives of Scotish Poets and Hist. of Scotish Poetry; Drummond's Conversations with Jonson (Shakespeare Soc.),p.51.]
T. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hudson, Robert (fl.1600)

​HUDSON, ROBERT (fl. 1600), poet, was probably a brother of Thomas Hudson (fl. 1610) [q. v.], and was, like him, one of the 'violaris,' or Chapel Royal musicians, of James VI. Hudson seems to have been a special friend of Alexander Montgomerie, author of the `Cherrie and the Slae,' who addresses him in a group of sonnets, appealing for his interest at court, and at length declaring himself sadly disappointed in him as capable of merely courtier's courtesy. Montgomerie, in the course of his appeal, denominates Hudson the 'only brother of the Sisters nyne,' and predicts for him a secure immortality through his 'Homer's style' and his 'Petrarks high invent.' Four sonnets by him alone survive. Of these one is commendatory of King James's 'Poems' (1584); another belauds the manuscript 'Triumphes of Petrarke' by William Fowler (printed in Irving, Scotish Poetry, p. 463); the third is an epitaph on Sir Richard Maitland (Pinkerton, ii. 351); and a fourth is a commendatory sonnet on Sylvester's version of Du Bartas (Hunter, Chorus Vatum, i.411).
[Pinkerton's Ancient Scotish Poems;Brit.Mus. Addit. MS. 24488, f. 411; Irving's Poems of Alexander Montgomery and Hist. of Scotish Poetry.]
T. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Huet, Thomas

​HUET or HUETT, THOMAS (d. 1591), Welsh biblical scholar, was a native of Wales, and in 1544 a member of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge (B.A. 1562). He became master of the college of the Holy Trinity at Pontefract, and when it was dissolved received a pension, which he was in receipt of in 1555. On 20 Nov. 1560 the queen gave him the ​living of Trefeglwys in Montgomeryshire. From 1562 to 1588 he was precentor of St. David's Cathedral. Huet was a strong protestant. He signed the Thirty-nine Articles in the convocation of 1562-3, and in 1571 dismissed the cathedral sexton at St. David's for concealing popish mass-books. These books he publicly burned. Richard Davies [q.v.], bishop of St. David's, recommended him in 1565 for the bishopric of Bangor, but he failed to secure it, though supported at first by Parker. However, he received the rectories of Cefnllys and Disserth in Radnorshire, and as Parker calls him Doctor Huett, he probably at some time proceeded to the degree of D.D. Huet died on 19 Aug. 1591, and was buried in Llanavan Church, Brecknockshire. He was married. His daughter was wife of James Vychan, a gentleman of Pembrokeshire.
Huet co-operated with Davies and W. Salesbury in the translation of the New Testament into Welsh, he undertaking the book of Revelation. The first edition was published in 1567, London, fol.
W. A. J. A.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hudson, William (1730?-1793)

​HUDSON, WILLIAM (1730?–1793), botanist, was born at the White Lion Inn, Kendal, which was kept by his father, between 1730 and 1732. He was educated at Kendal grammar school, and apprenticed to a London apothecary. He obtained the prize for botany given by the Apothecaries' Company, a copy of Ray's ‘Synopsis,’ which is now in the British Museum; but he also paid attention to mollusca and insects. In Pennant's ‘British Zoology’ he is mentioned as the discoverer of Trochus terrestris. From 1757 to 1758 Hudson was resident sub-librarian of the British Museum, and his studies in the Sloane herbarium enabled him to adapt the Linnæan nomenclature to the plants described by Ray far more accurately than did Sir John Hill [q.v.] in his ‘Flora Britannica’ of 1760. In 1761 Hudson was elected a fellow of the Royal Society, and in the following year appeared the first edition of his ‘Flora Anglica,’ which, according to Pulteney and Sir J. E. Smith, ‘marks the establishment of Linnæan principles of botany in England.’ Smith writes that the work was ‘composed under the auspices and advice of’ Benjamin Stillingfleet. Hudson, at the time of its publication, was practising as an apothecary in Panton Street, Haymarket, and from 1765 to 1771 acted as ‘præfectus horti’ to the Apothecaries' Company at Chelsea. A considerably enlarged edition of the 'Flora' appeared in 1778; but in 1783 the author's house in Panton Street took fire, his collections of insects and many of his plants were destroyed, and the inmates narrowly escaped with their lives. Hudson retired to Jermyn Street. In 1791 he joined the newly established Linnean Society. He died in Jermyn Street from paralysis on 23 May 1793, being, according to the 'Gentleman's Magazine,' in his sixtieth year. He bequeathed the remains of his herbarium to the Apothecaries' Company. Linnæus gave the name Hudsonia to a North American genus of Cistaceæ. A portrait of Hudson was engraved.
[Rees's Cyclopædia, article by Sir J. E. Smith; Cornelius Nicholson's Annals of Kendal, p.345; Gent. Mag. 1793, i. 485; Field and Semple's Memoirs of the Botanic Garden at Chelsea, p.88; Trimen and Dyer's Flora of Middlesex, p. 392; Pulteney's Sketches of the Progress of Botany, ii. 351; Bromley's Cat. of Portraits.]
G. S. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hudson, William (d.1635)

​HUDSON, WILLIAM (d. 1635), lawyer, was admitted in 1601 a member of Gray's Inn, where he was called to the bar in 1605, became an ancient in 1622, a bencher in 1623, and reader in Lent 1624. He ​practised in the Star-chamber, and was one of the subscribers of the information exhibited in that court on 7 May 1629 against Sir John Eliot [q. v.], Denzil Holles [q. v.], and the other members of the House of Commons who had been concerned in the tumultuous proceedings which preceded the recent dissolution. In February 1632-3 he opened the case against Prynne on his trial for the publication of ‘Histriomastix.’ He died in or before 1635. Hudson married twice. His second wife, whom he married at Islington by license dated 3 April 1613, was Anne, widow of William Stodderd of St. Michael-le Querne, London, skinner. He left in manuscript a learned and lucid ‘Treatise of the Court of Star Chamber,’ a copy of which was given by his son Christopher to Lord-keeper Finch, passed into the Harleian collection (Harl. MS.1226), and was printed by Hargrave in ‘Collectanea Juridica,’ London, 1792, 8vo.
[Douthwaite's Gray's Inn, p.68; Cases in the Court of Star Chamber (Camd. Soc.); Cobbett's State Trials, iii. 311, 562; Chester's London Marriage Licenses; Cal. State Papers, Dom. 1628-9, p. 540.]
J. M. R.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hues, Robert

1904 Errata appended.
​HUES, ROBERT (1553?–1632), mathematician and geographer, born at Little Hereford about 1553, entered Brasenose College, Oxford, as a servitor in 1571, or perhaps later. He subsequently removed to Magdalen Hall, from which he graduated B.A. as 'Robert Hughes' on 12 July 1578 (Reg. of Univ. of Oxf., Oxf. Hist. Soc., vol. ii. pt. iii. p. 76). His skill as a scientific geographer commended him to the notice of Thomas Cavendish [q. v.], the voyager, with whom he sailed at least once round the world. His society was sought, too, by Thomas, lord Grey of Wilton, whom he frequently visited when confined in the Tower. After Lord Grey's death, on 6 July 1614, Hues was patronised by Henry, earl of Northumberland, and became tutor to his son Algernon when the latter was at Christ Church. The earl allowed him an annuity. Hues is mentioned by Thomas Chapman [q.v.] in the preface to his 'Homer,' 1611, as one of the learned and valued friends to whose advice he was indebted. He died unmarried at Kidlington, Oxfordshire, on 24 May 1632, aged 79, and was buried in the divinity chapel at Christ Church (epitaph in Wood, Colleges and Halls, ed. Gutch,p. 503). He is author of 'Tractatus de Globis et eorum Usu, accommodatus iis qui Londini editi sunt anno 1593, sumptibus Gulielmi Sandersoni civis Londinensis,'8vo, London, 1594, dedicated to Sir Walter Raleigh. Other editions were published at Amsterdam in 1611 and 1624 (the latter with notes and illustrations by J. I. Pontanus), and at Heidelberg in 1613. An English translation by J. Chilmead was issued at London in 1638. The treatise was written for the special purpose of being used in connection with a set of globes by Emery Molyneux, now in the library of the Middle Temple. Chilmead's English version was re-issued in 1889 by the Hakluyt Society, under the editorship of Clements R. Markham. Wood mentions as another work of Hues a treatise entitled `Breviarium totius Orbis,' which he says was several times printed; this is most probably identical with the 'Breviarium Orbis Terrarum,' stated by Watt to have been printed at Oxford in 1651 (Bibl. Brit. i. 523).
[Wood's Athenæ Oxon. ed. Bliss, ii. 534-5; Warton's Hist. of Engl. Poetry, ed. Hazlitt, iv. 317; Will registered in P. C. C. 30, Russell.]
G. G.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.162 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
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# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hugford, Ignazio Enrico

Contains subarticle, his elder brother, Hugford, Ferdinando Enrico (1696-1771).
​HUGFORD, IGNAZIO ENRICO (1703–1778), painter, was born of English parents at Florence in 1703. He studied painting under Anton Domenico Gabbiani, and eventually became a painter of some repute in Florence, though his paintings had no real merit. He painted a `St. Raphael' as an altarpiece for the church of S. Felicità in Florence, various small pictures for the grand duke, and some for the monastery of Vallombrosa at Forli. Hugford has better claim to repute as an art critic and expert, and as a teacher in the academy of St. Luke at Florence. Among his pupils was F. Bartolozzi, R.A. [q.v.] Hugford published in 1762 'Raccolta di cento Pensieri diversi di Anton Domenico Gabbiani, Pittor Fiorentino,' which contains one etching by Hugford himself. He died at Florence in 1778, aged 75.
Hugford, Ferdinando Enrico (1696-1771), elder brother of the above, also studied painting, but eventually became a monk at Vallombrosa. Father Hugford is well known as one of the chief promoters of the art of scagliola, which he learnt from a monk of the abbey of S. Reparata di Marradi. He brought this art to the highest pitch of excellence which it attained. His best pupil was Lamberto Gori, who learnt drawing from Ignazio Hugford. Father Hugford died in 1771.
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hudson, Robert (1731-1815)

1904 Errata appended.
​HUDSON, ROBERT (1731–1815), composer, born in 1731, possessed a good tenor voice, and in his youth sang at concerts in the Ranelagh and Marylebone Gardens. At the age of twenty-four he was elected assistant organist to St. Mildred's, Bread Street, and in the following year was appointed 'vicar-choral' of St. Paul's. In 1758 he was created a Gentleman of the Chapel Royal, and in 1773 almoner and master of the children at St. Paul's. The latter post he held for twenty years. He was also for some time music-master at Christ's Hospital. In 1784 he took the degree of Mus.Bac. at Cambridge, from St. John's College. He died at Eton in December 1815, and was buried in St. Paul's Cathedral.
His compositions include a cathedral service, several chants and hymn tunes, and a collection of songs, published in 1762, under the title of 'The Myrtle.' The hymn tune is assigned both to him and to his daughter Mary [q. v.] He also set for five voices the lines commencing 'Go, happy soul,' from Dr. Child's monument at Windsor.
[Grove's Dict. of Music, i. 755; Brown's Biog. Dict. of Music, p.335 Fétis's Biog. Univ. des Musiciens, iii. 380; Graduati Cantabrigienses, p. 249; James Love's Scottish Church Music(1891),p.175.]
R. F. S.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.162 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
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| 153 | ii | 18 | Hudson, Robert (1731-1815): after hymn tune insert 'Llandaff' |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jamieson, Robert (d.1861)

​JAMIESON, ROBERT (d. 1861), philanthropist, was a successful London merchant, who sought to civilise Africa by opening up its great rivers to navigation and commerce. His schooner, the Warree, went to the Niger in 1838. In 1839 he equipped at his own expense the Ethiope, whose commander, Captain Beecroft, explored under his directions several West African rivers to higher points in some instances than had then been reached. Narratives of these explorations were published by Jamieson and others in the ‘Journal of the Royal Geographical Society’ (cf. Journal, 1838, pp. 184, &c.). When the Melbourne ministry, in 1841, resolved to send the African Colonisation Expedition to the Niger, Jamieson denounced the scheme in two ‘Appeals to the Government and People of Great Britain.’ The expedition broke up, through disease and disaster, in September 1841, and on 25 Oct. most of the surviving colonists were rescued by the Ethiope. Jamieson pointed out the fulfilment of his prophecies in a ‘Sequel to two Appeals,’ &c., London, 1843, 8vo. In 1859 he published ‘Commerce with Africa,’ emphasising the insufficiency of treaties for the suppression of the African slave trade, and urging the use of the land route from Cross River to the Niger, to avoid the swamps of the Delta. In 1840 he was offered, but declined, a vice-presidency of the Institut d'Afrique of France. He died in London on 5 April 1861.
[Gent. Mag. 1861, i. 588; Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society, 1860–1, p. 160.]
J. T-t.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jamieson, Thomas Hill

​JAMIESON, THOMAS HILL (1843–1876), librarian, born in August 1843 at Bonnington, near Arbroath, was educated at the burgh and parochial school of that town, and afterwards (1862) at Edinburgh High School and University. While still at college he acted as a sub-editor of ‘Chambers's Etymological Dictionary,’ and subsequently became assistant to Samuel Halkett [q. v.], librarian of the Advocates' Library. In June 1871, on Halkett's death, Jamieson was appointed keeper of the library, and the work of printing the catalogue passed into his care. In 1872 he wrote a prefatory notice for an edition of Archie Armstrong's ‘Banquet of Jests,’ and in 1874 edited a reprint of Barclay's translation of Brandt's ‘Ship of Fools,’ to which he prefixed a notice of Sebastian Brandt and his writings. In 1874 he also privately printed a ‘Notice of the Life and Writings of Alexander Barclay.’ The fire which occurred in the Advocates' Library in the summer of 1875 roused him to exertions beyond his strength, and he died at 7 Gillespie Crescent, Edinburgh, on 9 Jan. 1876, aged only 32. He married, on 11 June 1872, Jane Alison Kilgour, by whom he left two children.
G. C. B.