OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Rebe

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Rebe. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Rebe, feminine, ‘vine, vine-branch,’ from Middle High German rëbe, Old High German rëba, feminine, Middle High German rëbe, Old High German rëbo, masculine, ‘vine, tendril, creeper’ (compare Gundelrebe); corresponding words are wanting in the other dialects Old High German has a remarkable form, hirnirëba, ‘skull,’ literally perhaps ‘entwining the brain’; hence with this word is connected the common Teutonic Rippe, as well as Old Slovenian rebro, ‘rib’ (see Rippe). The primary idea of all these terms, and of the Aryan root rebh, deduced from them, is ‘winding, entwining.’ —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Rechen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Rechen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Rechen, masculine, ‘rake, rack,’ from the equivalent Middle High German rëche, Old High German rëhkho, masculine; corresponding to Dutch reek, feminine, ‘rake,’ and Old Icelandic reka, feminine, ‘rake’; allied to Middle High German rëchen, Old High German rëhhan, ‘to scrape together,’ Gothic rikan, ‘to heap up, collect,’ also to Middle Low German and Middle Dutch rake, Anglo-Saxon racu, feminine, English rake, with a different gradation. The Teutonic root rak, rëk, from Aryan reg, rog, is compared by some with Greek ‘ὀ-ρέγειν, ‘to stretch out,’ by others, without reason, to Latin legere, ‘to collect.’ See rechnen and recken.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Rede

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Rede. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Rede, feminine, ‘speech, discourse, oration,’ from Middle High German ręde, Old High German rędia, ręda, feminine, ‘account, speech and reply, speech, narrative, information’; corresponding to Old Saxon ręðia, feminine, ‘account,’ Gothic raþjô, feminine, ‘account, bill, number’; to this is allied Gothic garaþjan, ‘to count,’ and further the phonetic equivalent Latin ratio, ‘computation, account, number,’ &c. From the same Teutonic root raþ (pre-Teutonic rat), signifying ‘number,’ hund-ert (which see) is derived. —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Rausch

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Rausch. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Rausch (1.), masculine, ‘cranberry,’ from Middle High German rûsch, rusch, feminine, ‘rush,’ from Latin ruscum, whence also Dutch rusch, masculine, ‘rush,’ Anglo-Saxon rŷsče, feminine, English rush; see Risch and Rusch.
Rausch (2.), masculine, ‘carouse, rush, roar,’ Modern High German only (corresponding in Middle High German to rûsch, masculine, ‘onset, attack’; see rauschen); its relation to Low German roes, ‘intoxication,’ English rouse, Old Icelandic rúss, ‘drunkenness,’ is still obscure. The Modern High German word has certainly been borrowed.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Raute

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Raute. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Raute (1.), feminine, ‘rue,’ from the equivalent Middle High German rûte, Old High German rûta, feminine. This, like the equivalent Dutch ruit, is usually considered to be borrowed from Latin rûta (compare Italian ruta); yet Anglo-Saxon rûde, ‘rue,’ might prove that the German word is cognate with Latin rûta. English rue, from French rue.
Raute (2.), feminine, ‘quadrangle, square,’ from Middle High German rûte, feminine, ‘lozenge in heraldry, pane’ (hence Dutch ruit, ‘square’). As to Old High German *rûta for *hrûta, equivalent to Aryan krûtâ, klrûtâ, see vier.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Reck

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Reck. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Reck, neuter, ‘wooden frame, rack,’ Modern High German only, properly a Low German word. Compare Low German and Dutch rek, ‘pole, clothes-horse.’ Allied to recken.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Rebhuhn

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Rebhuhn. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Rebhuhn, neuter, ‘partridge,’ from the equivalent Middle High German rëphuon, Old High German rëba-huon, rëbhuon, neuter; it is not probable that Rebhuhn signifies ‘the fowl that is fond of frequenting vines (Reben).’ Perhaps reba- has here another sense. To assume also, on account of Low German raphon, Swedish rapphöna, ‘partridge’ (Old Icelandic rjúpa, ‘ptarmigan’), that the word is derived from Low German rapp, ‘quick,’ is inadmissible, since the High German term occurs at a very early period. It is most probably connected with the equivalent Russian rjabka (allied to Old Slovenian rębŭ, Russian rjaboj, ‘variegated’).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Recke

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Recke. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Recke, masculine, ‘hero, champion, paladin,’ from Middle High German ręcke, masculine, ‘warrior, hero,’ originally, however, ‘knight-errant, adventurer, stranger’; compare Old High German ręccho, earlier wręccho, masculine, Old Saxon wrękkio, masculine, ‘vagrant, outlaw, stranger,’ Anglo-Saxon wręčča, ‘fugitive, ​exile, unfortunate wretch,’ whence English wretch. These interesting West Teutonic cognates implying Gothic *wrakja are connected with Modern High German rächen, Gothic wrikan, ‘to persecute.’ Modern High German elend has a somewhat similar development.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Rauschgelb

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Rauschgelb. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Rauschgelb, neuter, ‘red sulphuret of arsenic,’ first occurs in early Modern High German, corresponding to Dutch rusgeel; earlier Modern High German also Ruß-, Roßgelb; allied to Romance and Latin russus (Italian rosso), ‘red.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Rebus

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Rebus. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Rebus, masculine and neuter, a modern term like the equivalent English rebus and French rébus; the source and history of the cognates are unknown. The word is based on Latin rebus, ‘by things,’ since the meaning of a rebus is illustrated by pictorial objects.
# Amerada Hess Corporation v. Director, Division of Taxation, New Jersey Department of the Treasury/Concurrence Scalia

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
* Concurring Opinion Scalia
Justice SCALIA, concurring in the judgment.
I agree with the Court's determination that the New Jersey Corporation Business Tax does not facially discriminate against interstate commerce. See ante, at 76-77. Since I am of the view that this conclusion suffices to decide a claim that a state tax violates the Commerce Clause, see American Trucking Assns., Inc. v. Scheiner, 483 U.S. 266, 304, 107 S.Ct. 2829, 2851, 97 L.Ed.2d 226 (1987) (SCALIA, J., dissenting), I would refrain from applying, for Commerce Clause purposes, the remainder of the analysis articulated in Complete Auto Transit, Inc. v. Brady, 430 U.S. 274, 279, 97 S.Ct. 1076, 1079, 51 L.Ed.2d 326 (1977). To the extent, however, that the Complete Auto analysis pertains to the due process requirements that there be "a 'minimal connection' between the interstate activities and the taxing State, and a rational relationship between the income attributed to the State and the intrastate values of the enterprise," Mobil Oil Corp. v. Commissioner of Taxes of Vermont, 445 U.S. 425, 436-437, 100 S.Ct. 1223, 1231-1232, 63 L.Ed.2d 510 (1980) (citation omitted), I agree with the Court's conclusion that those requirements have been met. See ante, at 79-80. Finally, for the reasons set forth in Part III of the Court's opinion, I agree that the tax in this case does not violate the Equal Protection Clause.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
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# Amercements Act 1275

* related portals: Parliament of England.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Wikidata item.
Part of the First Statute of Westminster
STATUTUM WEST' PRIMUM. The Statute of WESTMINSTER, the First, Made at Westminster 25 die Aprilis, Anno 3 EDWARDI I. and Anno Dom. 1275.
Amercements Act 1275
1275 (3 Edw. 1) C A P. VI.
THESE be the Acts of King EDWARD, Son to King HENRY, made at Westminster at his first Parliament general after his Coronation, on the Mondayof Easter Utas, the third Year of his Reign, by his Council, and the Assent of Archbishops, Bishops, Abbots, Priors, Earls, Barons, and all the Commonalty of the Realm being thither summoned, because our Lord the King had great Zeal and Desire to redress the State of the Realm in such Things as required Amendment, for the common Profit of holy Church, and of the Realm: And because the State of the holy Church had been evil kept, and the Prelates and religious Persons of the Land grieved many ways, and the People otherwise intreated than they ought to be, and the Peace less kept, and the Laws less used, and the Offenders less punished than they ought to be, by reason where of the People of the Land feared the less to offend; the King hath ordained and established these Acts underwritten, which he intendeth to be necessary and profitable unto the whole Realm.
Amerciaments shall be reasonable, and according to the Offence.
2 Inst. 169.
Regist. 187. 9 H. 3. stat. 1. c. 14.
See 34 Ed. 3. c. 1. ordaining that Fines for Trespasses shall be reasonable; and 1 W. & M. sess. 2. c. 2. declaring excessive Fines and cruel Punishments to be illegal, and likewise Grants of Fines before Conviction.
AND that no City, Borough, nor Town, nor any Man be amerced, without reasonable Cause, and according to the Quantity of his Trespass; that is to say, every Free-man saving his Freehold, a Merchant saving his Merchandise, a Villain saving his Waynage, and that by his or their Peers.
Note : this act is listed in the Chronological Table of Statutes as the Amercements Act, 1275
This work is in the public domain worldwide because it was created by a public body of the United Kingdom with Crown Status and commercially published before 1974.
See Crown copyright artistic works, Crown copyright non-artistic works and List of Public Bodies with Crown Status.
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# Amercements for Default of Summons Act 1267

* related portals: Parliament of England.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Wikidata item.
Statutes made at Marlborough, alias Marleberge, 18 Novemb. Anno 52 HEN. III. and Anno Dom. 1267.
Amercements for Default of Summons Act 1267
1267 (52 Hen. 3) C A P. XVIII.
IN the Year of Grace, One thousand two hundred sixty seven, the two and fiftieth Year of the Reign of King HENRY, Son of King JOHN, in the Utas of St. Martin, the said King our Lord providing for the better Estate of his Realm of England, and for the more speedy Ministration of Justice, as belongeth to the Office of a King, the more discreet Men of the Realm being called together, as well of the higher as of the lower Estate: It was provided, agreed, and ordained, that whereas the Realm of England of late had been disquieted with manifold Troubles and Dissensions; for Reformation whereof Statutes and Laws be right necessary, whereby the Peace and Tranquillity of the People*2 must be observed:Wherein the King, intending to devise convenient Remedy, hath made these Acts, Ordinances, and Statutes underwritten, which he willeth to be observed for ever firmly and inviolably of all his Subjects, as well high as low.
Who only may amerce for Default of common Summons.
NO Escheator, Commissioner, or Justicer specially assigned to take Assises, or to hear and determine Matters, from henceforth shall have Power to amerce for Default of common Summons, but the chief Justices, or the Justices in Eyre in their Circuits.
2 Inst. 136.
Note : this act is listed in the Chronological Table of Statutes as the Amercements for Default of Summons Act, 1267
This work is in the public domain worldwide because it was created by a public body of the United Kingdom with Crown Status and commercially published before 1974.
See Crown copyright artistic works, Crown copyright non-artistic works and List of Public Bodies with Crown Status.
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# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Welland, Laurence Palk (2)

From volume 4 of the work.
​Welland, Laurence Palk, o.s. Laurence Palk, of Exeter, Devon, cler. University Coll., matric. 25 Jan., 1862, aged 19; B.A. 1866, rector of Talaton, Devon, 1869, until his death 27 Dec., 1887.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Wellborne, Harry de Montfort

From volume 4 of the work.
​Wellborne, Harry de Montfort, 2s. Charles, of Camberwell, Surrey, gent. St. John's Coll., matric. 14 Oct., 1876, aged 18; B.A. 1881.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Welldon, Rev. Charles Edward

From volume 4 of the work.
​Welldon, Rev. Charles Edward, 2s. Edward Ind, of Tunbridge, Kent, cler. Keble Coll., matric. 22 Jan., 1879, aged 18; B.A. 1883, M.A. 1887.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Weller, Rev. James

From volume 4 of the work.
​Weller, Rev. James, 6s. William, of Amersham, Bucks, gent. Magdalen Hall., matric. 16 Oct., 1872, aged 20.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Welland, Laurence Palk (1)

From volume 4 of the work.
​Welland, Laurence Palk, s. Robert Palk, of Talaton, Devon, cler. Exeter Coll., matric. 23 Nov., 1810, aged 18; B.A. 1815, M.A. 1818, rector of Talaton 1835, until his death 9 Nov., 1859.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Welland, Robert Palk

From volume 4 of the work.
​Welland, Robert Palk, s. Richard, of Topsham, Devon, gent. Exeter Coll., matric. 21 March, 1777. aged 18; fellow 1780-7, B.A. 1784, M.A. 1785, chaplain H.M.S. Egmont, rector of Shottesbrook and vicar of White Waltham, Berks, 1786, rector of Talaton, Devon, 1787-1835, and of Dunchideock with Shillingford 1793, until his death there 24 June, 1841. See Coll. Reg., 112.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Wellard, Charles

From volume 4 of the work.
​Wellard, Charles, s. John, of Dover, Kent, gent. Christ Church, matric. 14 Jan., 1745-6, aged 40; bar.-at-law, Lincoln's Inn, 1745, bencher 1754.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Weller, James

From volume 4 of the work.
​Weller, James, s. James, of Guildford, Surrey, gent. Pembroke Coll., matric. 29 May, 1759, aged 16; B.A. from Corpus Christi Coll. 1763, M.A. 1765, B. & D.D. from St. Alban Hall 1784, rector of Worth, Sussex, of St. Mary and Holy Trinity, Guildford, 1774, vicar of Woking 1784-6, and of East Clandon, Surrey, 1788, until his death 18 Feb., 1832.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Weller, Edward

From volume 4 of the work.
​Weller, Edward, s. Samuel, of Maidstone, Kent, cler. Corpus Christi Coll., matric. 5 Dec., 1748, aged 16; B.A. 1752, M.A. 1756, B.D. 1763.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Welldon, James Ind

From volume 4 of the work.
​Welldon, James Ind, scholar St. John's Coll., Cambridge, 1833 (30th wrangler, 5th classic & B.A. 1834, fellow 1835-6, M.A. 1837), 1s. Samuel, of St. Mary's, Cambridge, gent. St. John's Coll., incorp. 14 May, 1845, aged 34; D.C.L. 26 June, 1845, 2nd master Shrewsbury School 1838-45, head-master Tonbridge Grammar School 1845-75, hon. canon of Canterbury 1873, vicar of Kennington, Surrey, 1875.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Schilling

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Schilling. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Schilling, masculine ‘shilling, money,’ from the equivalent Middle High German schilling, Old High German scilling, masculine, a common Teutonic term for a coin; compare Gothic skilliggs, Old Icelandic skillingr, Anglo-Saxon sčilling, English shilling, Dutch schelling, Old Saxon scilling. Formed from Old Teutonic skellan, ‘to sound,’ with the suffix -inga-, a favourite termination in Old German names of coins (see Pfenning, Old High German cheisuring, English farthing); hence Schilling is literally ‘ringing coin.’ From Teutonic are derived Italian scellino and French escalin, a coin worth about sixpence, as well as the equivalent Old Slovenian sklęzǐ.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Schinden

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Schinden. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Schinden, verb, ‘to skin, flay,’ from Middle High German schinden, ‘to skin, peel, ill-treat severely,’ Old High German scintan; a denominative from a lost Old High German *scind, neuter, ‘hide, skin,’ which may be assumed in Old High German from Old Icelandic skinn (see Schinne), neuter, ‘skin, hide, fur, leather.’ English skin, from Middle English skinne (Anglo-Saxon scinn), is borrowed from Scandinavian, since Anglo-Saxon sci, sči, must have become shi in Modern English Gothic *skinþa-, from pre-Teutonic skénto-, has not yet been found in the non-Teutonic languages.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Schinken

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Schinken. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Schinken, masculine, ‘ham,’ from Middle High German schinke, masculine, ‘thigh, ham,’ Old High German scincho, masculine, scincha, feminine, ‘tibia, thigh.’ They are related by gradation to the cognates adduced under Schenkel, to which Suabian and Alemannian (and Bavarian) Schunke, Old Frisian skunka, meaning ‘bone, thigh, ham,’ are also to be added as further graded forms. Its connection with Schiene is probable on account of the meaning. From the Teutonic cognates Italian (dialectic) stinco (schinco), ‘shin-bone,’ is borrowed.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Schimpf

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Schimpf. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Schimpf, masculine, ‘insult, abuse, affront,’ from Middle High German schimpf (parallel form schampf), masculine, ‘jest, pastime, play, tournament.’ The current meaning first appeared in early Modern High German; yet the older sense ‘jest,’ which belongs to Old High German scimpf, Middle High German schimpf, was retained till the 17th century (Logau); compare Dutch schimp, ‘scorn, mockery,’ Middle High German schumpfe, feminine, ‘paramour’ (literally ‘she who jests’). The root skimp, ‘to jest,’ which appears in Old High German scimpf, is wanting in the other Teutonic dialects. It has been connected with Greek σκώπτω, ‘to jest, deride,’ which, with its double meaning, certainly furnishes an analogy for Middle High German Schimpf.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Schindel

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Schindel. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Schindel. feminine, ‘shingle, splint,’ from the equivalent Middle High German schindel, Old High German scintila, feminine, formed from Middle Latin scindula, scandula, ‘shingle,’ the sound of which was perhaps influenced by Greek σχινδαλμύς. The word was borrowed from Middle Latin about the 6th century, contemporaneously with Ziegel, Mauer, &c. The Middle English form schingel, English shingle, is peculiar. The Romance languages preserve the a- form, Latin scandula; compare Italian (dialectic) scandola and French échandole.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Schinnen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Schinnen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Schinnen, plural, ‘dandruff, scurf,’ Modern High German only, from Middle German and Low German; connected with the cognates discussed under schinden; literally ‘that which comes off in scales from the skin of the head’; hence allied to Old Icelandic skinn (from *skinþ), ‘skin’?.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Schimmel

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Schimmel. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Schimmel, masculine, ‘mould,’ from the equivalent Middle High German schimel, masculine, for an older *schimbel, Old High German *scimbal, which may be inferred from the Old High German derivatives *scimbalên, ‘to get mouldy,’ scimbalag, ‘mouldy.’ The Middle High German form is due to a confusion with schîme, masculine, ‘glimmer’; compare Dutch schimmelen. Old High German *scimbal has no corresponding form in the other Teutonic dialects —
Schimmel, masculine, ‘white horse,’ late Middle High German, identical with Schimmel, ‘mucus.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Schirmen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Schirmen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Schirmen, verb, ‘to protect, defend,’ from Middle High German schirmen, schërmen, ‘to protect, defend, fight,’ Old High German scirmen, ‘to serve as a bulwark, protect,’ allied to Old High German scirm, scërm, masculine, ‘bulwark, shield, protection,’ Middle High German schirm, schërm, masculine, ‘shield, penthouse, shelter, defence’; to these Schirm and beschirmen are allied. From Teutonic are derived the Romance cognates of Italian schermo, ‘screen,’ schermire, ‘to fight.’ The early history of these words, which are wanting in the rest of the Teutonic dialects, is obscure; Greek σκίρον, ‘parasol,’ is perhaps primitively allied.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Schimmer

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Schimmer. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Schimmer, masculine, ‘glimmer,’ early Modern High German, formed from Low German and Dutch schemeren, ‘to glimmer, gleam.’ This is connected, like Middle High German schîme, ‘glimmer, lustre,’ Old High German scîmo, Gothic skeima, ‘light, lamp,’ with the root skī̆, ‘to shine, glitter’; compare Middle English schimeren, ‘to shimmer,’ English shimmer, English shim, ‘white spot,’ Swedish skimra (see Schemen).