OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Zouche

See also Baron Zouche on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​Zouche, or Zouch, the name of an English family descended from Alan la Zouche, a Breton, who is sometimes called Alan de Porrhoet. Having settled in England during the reign of Henry II., Alan obtained by marriage Ashby in Leicestershire (called after him Ashby de la Zouch) and other lands. His grandson, another Alan la Zouche, was justice of Chester and justice of Ireland under Henry III.; he was loyal to the king during the struggle with the barons, fought at Lewes and helped to arrange the peace of Kenilworth. As the result of a quarrel over some lands with John, Earl Warenne, he was seriously injured in Westminster Hall by the earl and his retainers, and died on the 10th of August 1270. Alan's elder son Roger (d. 1285) had a son Alan la Zouche, who was summoned to parliament as a baron about 1298. He died without sons, and this barony fell into abeyance between his daughters and has never been revived. The elder Alan's younger son, Eades or Ivo, had a son William (c. 1276–1352), who was summoned to parliament as a baron in 1308, and this barony, which is still in existence, is known as that of Zouche of Haryngworth.
John, 7th baron Zouche of Haryngworth (c. 1460–1526), was attainted in 1485 as a supporter of Richard III., but was restored to his honours in 1495. His descendant, Edward, the 11th baron (c. 1556–1625), was one of the peers who tried Mary, queen of Scots, and was sent by Elizabeth as ambassador to Scotland and to Denmark. He was president of Wales from 1602 to 1615 and lord warden of the Cinque Ports from 1615 to 1624. He was a member of the council of the Virginia Company and of the New England council. He had many literary friends, among them being Ben Jonson and Sir Henry Wotton. Zouche left no sons, and the barony remained in abeyance among the descendants of his two daughters until 1815, when the abeyance was terminated in favour of Sir Cecil Bisshopp, Bart. (1753–1828), who became the 12th baron. He died without sons, a second abeyance being terminated in 1829 in favour of his daughter Harriet Anne (1787–1870), wife of the Hon. Robert Curzon (1771–1863). In 1873 her grandson, Robert Nathaniel Curzon (b. 1851), became the 15th baron.
Two antiquaries, Henry Zouch (c. 1725–1795) and his brother Thomas Zouch (1737–1815), claimed descent from the family of Zouche. Both were voluminous writers, Thomas's works including a Life of Izaak Walton (1823) and Memoirs of Sir Philip Sidney (1808).
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Zouave

See also Zouave on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
ZOUAVE, the name given to certain infantry regiments in the French army. The corps was first raised in Algeria in 1831 with one and later two battalions, and recruited solely from the Zouaves, a tribe of Berbers, dwelling in the mountains of the Jurjura range (see Kabyles). In 1838 a third battalion was raised, and the regiment thus formed was commanded by Lamoricière. Shortly afterwards the formation of the Tirailleurs algériens, the Turcos, as the corps for natives, changed the enlistment for the Zouave battalions, and they became, as they now remain, a purely French body. Three regiments were formed in 1852, and a fourth, the Zouaves of the Imperial Guard, in 1854. The Crimean War was the first service which the regiments saw outside Algeria. There are now four regiments, of five battalions each, four of which are permanently in Africa, the fifth being stationed in France as a depôt regiment. For the peculiarly picturesque uniform of these regiments, see Uniform.
The Papal Zouaves were formed in defence of the Papal states by Lamoricière in 1860. After the occupation of Rome by Victor Emmanuel in 1870, the Papal Zouaves served the government of National Defence in France during the Franco-Prussian war, and were disbanded after the entrance of the German troops into Paris.
# 1990 Census Name Files

* related portals: United States Census Bureau.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.

## Name Files

*NOTE: No specific individual information is given.*
| Name | Last modified | Size |
| [TXT] dist.all.last | 09-May-95 23:19 | 2M |
| [TXT] dist.female.first | 29-Sep-94 12:23 | 146K |
| [TXT] dist.male.first | 29-Sep-94 12:23 | 41K |
Each of the three files, (dist.all.last), (dist. male.first), and (dist female.first) contain four items of data. The four items are:
* A "Name"
* Frequency in percent
* Cumulative Frequency in percent
* Rank
In the file (dist.all.last) one entry appears as:
In our Search Area sample, MOORE ranks 9th in terms of frequency. 5.312 percent of the sample population is covered by MOORE and the 8 names occurring more frequently than MOORE. The surname, MOORE, is possessed by 0.312 percent of our population sample.

## Detailed Methodology

Variables in Names Files:
    name
    freq = Frequency in percent
    cum.freq = Cumulative Frequency in percent
    rank

### First ten entries in dist.all.last

| name | freq | cum.freq | rank |
| SMITH | 1.006 | 1.006 | 1 |
| JOHNSON | 0.810 | 1.816 | 2 |
| WILLIAMS | 0.699 | 2.515 | 3 |
| JONES | 0.621 | 3.136 | 4 |
| BROWN | 0.621 | 3.757 | 5 |
| DAVIS | 0.480 | 4.237 | 6 |
| MILLER | 0.424 | 4.660 | 7 |
| WILSON | 0.339 | 5.000 | 8 |
| MOORE | 0.312 | 5.312 | 9 |
| TAYLOR | 0.311 | 5.623 | 10 |

### First ten entries in dist.female.first

| name | freq | cum.freq | rank |
| MARY | 2.629 | 2.629 | 1 |
| PATRICIA | 1.073 | 3.702 | 2 |
| LINDA | 1.035 | 4.736 | 3 |
| BARBARA | 0.98 | 5.716 | 4 |
| ELIZABETH | 0.937 | 6.653 | 5 |
| JENNIFER | 0.932 | 7.586 | 6 |
| MARIA | 0.828 | 8.414 | 7 |
| SUSAN | 0.794 | 9.209 | 8 |
| MARGARET | 0.768 | 9.976 | 9 |
| DOROTHY | 0.727 | 10.703 | 10 |

### First ten entries in dist.male.first

| name | freq | cum.freq | rank |
| JAMES | 3.318 | 3.318 | 1 |
| JOHN | 3.271 | 6.589 | 2 |
| ROBERT | 3.143 | 9.732 | 3 |
| MICHAEL | 2.629 | 12.361 | 4 |
| WILLIAM | 2.451 | 14.812 | 5 |
| DAVID | 2.363 | 17.176 | 6 |
| RICHARD | 1.703 | 18.878 | 7 |
| CHARLES | 1.523 | 20.401 | 8 |
| JOSEPH | 1.404 | 21.805 | 9 |
| THOMAS | 1.38 | 23.185 | 10 |
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division, Population Analysis & Evaluation Staff Questions? / 1-866-758-1060 Last Revised: March 17, 2005 at 11:12:14 AM
Page Last Modified: March 17, 2005
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# 1997 Special Investigation in Connection with 1996 Federal Election Campaigns/Section 1

PREFACE
In mid-1995, the President and his strategists decided that they needed to raise and spend many millions of dollars over and above the permissible limits of the Presidential campaign funding law if the President was going to be reelected. They devised a legal theory to support their needs and proceeded to raise and spend $44 million in excess of the Presidential campaign spending limits.
The lengths to which the Clinton/Gore campaign and the White House-controlled Democratic National Committee were willing to go in order to raise this amount of money is essentially the story of the 1996 Presidential campaign scandal. The President and his aides demeaned the offices of the President and Vice President, took advantage of minority groups, pulled down all the barriers that would normally be in place to keep out illegal contributions, pressured policy makers, and left themselves open to strong suspicion that they were selling not only access to high-ranking officials, but policy as well. Millions of dollars were raised in illegal contributions, much of it from foreign sources. When these abuses were discovered, the result was numerous Fifth Amendment claims, flights from the country, and stonewalling from the White House and the DNC.
Over a brief period of three months of hearings, the Committee was able to fulfill its responsibility in laying out the available facts to the American people. A much clearer picture of what happened during the 1996 Presidential campaign has been developed and presented.
However, many questions remain unanswered. It is now the responsibility of the Attorney General or, more appropriately, an independent counsel to take these facts and aggressively pursue any and all indications of criminal wrong-doing. Indeed, the three most important legal developments to come out of the 1996 campaign finance scandal are all attributable to the investigation conducted by the Committee on Governmental Affairs. First, Yah Lin “Charlie” Trie, an associate of the President, has been indicted for, among other things, obstruction of the Committee’s investigation. Second, Maria Hsia, a prominent Democratic fundraiser, has been indicted for laundering campaign contributions that were a focus of the Committee’s inquiry. Finally, the Attorney General has requested appointment of an independent counsel to determine whether Secretary of the Interior Bruce Babbitt lied to the Committee.
# 1997 Special Investigation in Connection with 1996 Federal Election Campaigns

* related portals: United States.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Wikidata item.
a United States Senate Committee on Homeland Security & Governmental Affairs report. A source can be found here.
* Section 1: Preface
* Section 2: "Procedural Background and Overview Section"
* Section 3: "Summary of Findings"
* Section 4: "The Thirst for Money"
* Section 5: "The White House Controlled the DNC and Improperly Coordinated the Activities of the DNC and Clinton/Gore '96"
* Section 6: "The DNC Dismantled its System for Vetting Contributions"
* Section 7: "DNC Fundraising in the White House: Coffees, Overnights, and Other Events"
* Section 8: "Fundraising from the White House"
* Section 9: "White House Vetting of Individuals with Access to the President"
* Section 10: "Johnny Chung and the White House 'Subway'"
* Section 11: "The Contribution of Yogesh Gandhi"
* Section 12: "Ted Sioeng, His Family, and His Business Interests"
* Section 13: "John Huang's Years at Lippo"
* Section 14: "John Huang at Commerce"
* Section 15: "John Huang Moves from Commerce to the DNC"
* Section 16: "John Huang's Illegal Fundraising at the DNC"
* Section 17: "The Hsi Lai Temple Fundraiser and Maria Hsia"
* Section 18: "The China Connection: Summary of Committee's Findings Relating to the Effort of the People's Republic of China to Influence U.S. Policies and Elections"
* Section 19: "Charlie Trie's and Ng Lap Seng's Laundered Contributions to the DNC"
* Section 20: "Charlie Trie's Contributions to the Presidential Legal Expense Trust"
* Section 21: "The Saga of Roger Tamraz"
* Section 22: "DNC Efforts to Raise Money in the Indian Gaming Community"
* Section 23: "The Hudson Wisconsin Casino Proposal"
* Section 24: "The Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes: Their Quest for the Fort Reno Lands"
* Section 25: "The Offer of R. Warren Meddoff"
* Section 26: "White House, DNC and Clinton-Gore Campaign Fundraising Efforts Involving the International Brotherhood of Teamsters"
* Section 27: "Compliance by Nonprofits with Committee Subpoenas"
* Section 28: "Role of Nonprofit Groups in the 1996 Elections"
* Section 29: "Allegations Relating to the National Policy Forum"
* Section 30: "White House Document Production"
* Section 31: "DNC Document Production"
* Section 32: "Campaign Finance Reform Issues Brought to the Forefront by the Special Investigation"
* Section 33: "Recommendations"
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# A Biographical Dictionary of the Celebrated Women of Every Age and Country/Ceo

CEO, or CIEL (YOLANDA DE) a Nun of Lisbon. Born 1603, died 1693,
Famous for her poetical talents and her eloquence. She wrote some religious theatrical pieces; and all her works fill two vols. in folio.
# A Biographical Dictionary of the Celebrated Women of Every Age and Country/Cerda, (Bernarda de la)

She spoke many languages with facility, understood rhetoric, philosophy, and mathematics, and wrote well in prose and verse. Her present works consist of a Poetical Selection, a Volume of Comedies, &c.
F. C.
# A Biographical Dictionary of the Celebrated Women of Every Age and Country/Cervaton, (Anne)

CERVATON, (ANNE) a Spanish Lady, Daughter of Germana de Foix, Mistress of Ferdinand V. King of Spain;
To the most exquisite beauty, added a fine and cultivated taste. She spoke her own language with elegance and correctness, and, at the same time, wrote and spoke Latin with the same facility. Some of her letters in this language are still extant.
F. C.
# A Biographical Dictionary of the Celebrated Women of Every Age and Country/Chandler, (Mary)

CHANDLER, (MARY); born at Malmsbury, in Wiltshire, in the Year 1687; died 1745.
Her father was a dissenting Minister at Bath, whose circumstances made it necessary that she should be ​brought up to some business, and accordingly she became a milliner: yet he took special care to train her up in the principles of religion and virtue; a care that was attended with the utmost success, as is perceivable in her writings.
Mrs. Chandler, from her childhood, had a turn for poetry, often entertained her companions with riddles in verse, and was at that time extremely fond of Herbert's poems. In her riper years she applied herself to the study of the best modern poets; and, as far as translation could assist her, of the ancient; but liked Horace better than either Virgil or Homer, because he dealt less in fable, and treated of subjects that lay within the sphere of nature and common life. Her poem upon the Bath had the full approbation of the public; and she was complimented upon it by Mr. Pope, with whom she was acquainted. She had the misfortune to be deformed, which determined her to live single; though she had a sweet countenance, and was solicited to marry. She died after about two days illness, in the 58th year of her age.
F. C.; Female Worthies, &c.
# A Biographical Dictionary of the Celebrated Women of Every Age and Country/Cereti

CERETI, or CERETA, (LAURA) a Professor of Philosophy; born at Brescia, in Italy, 1469,
Of great reputation, has left a collection of letters, which are much admired.
F. C.
# A Biographical Dictionary of the Celebrated Women of Every Age and Country/Charixena

CHARIXENA,
A very learned Grecian lady, who, besides what she wrote in prose, is said to have composed many things in verse, and particularly a poem entitled Crumata. She is mentioned by Aristophanes.
# A Biographical Dictionary of the Celebrated Women of Every Age and Country/Chapone, (Mrs.)

CHAPONE, (MRS.) died at Hadley, in Middlesex, 1801, aged 75.
The account of this lady given by her friend, Mrs. Barbauld, contains little historical information. Her most popular work was Letters on the Improvement of the Mind, addressed to a young lady; published in 1779, which received a warm and just eulogium, as the most unexceptionable treatise that can be put into the hands of youth: as excellent in its moral ​principles; wise in the rules of conduct laid down; and, in the style, equal to our best writers.
Mrs. Chapone's maiden name was Mulso, that of a respectable family in Northamptonshire. She was left a widow early, in narrow circumstances. Her manners were elegant, and she had a fine voice and taste for music. The story of Fidelia, in the Adventurer, was written by her, and a poem, prefixed to her friend, Mrs. Carter's Translation of Epictetus. She published also a volume of Miscellanies, consisting of poems and plays. The loss of her niece, to whom the Letters on the Mind were addressed, and of a dear brother, injured the health of Mrs. Chapone, and made her, some time before her death, withdraw herself from society.
# A Biographical Dictionary of the Celebrated Women of Every Age and Country/Charce, (Phillis de la Tour du Pin-Gouverne, Mademoiselle de la)

CHARCE, (Phillis de la Tour du Pin-Gouverne, Mademoiselle de la) a French Heroine of the seventeenth Century.
On the attack the duke of Savoy made upon Dauphiny, in 1692, this courageous lady armed the villages in her department, put herself at their head, and, by little skirmishes, harrassed the enemy in the mountains, and contributed very much to make them abandon the country. In the mean time, her mother exhorted the people in the plains to remain faithful to their duty; and her sister caused the cables of the boats to be cut, so that they could be of no use to them. Lewis XIV. gave Mademoiselle de la Charce a pension, and permitted her to place her sword and armour in the treasury of St. Denis.
F. C.
# A Biographical Dictionary of the Celebrated Women of Every Age and Country/Chatelet, (Gabrielle-Emilie de Breteuil, Marchioness du)

CHATELET, (GABRIELLE-EMILIE de Breteuil, Marchioness du); born 1706, died 1749, aged 43.
From her early youth read the best authors, without the medium of a translation; Tasso, Milton, and Virgil were alike familiar to her; and her ear was particularly sensible to the melody of verse. She was endowed with great eloquence, but not of that sort which consists only in displaying wit or acquirements; precision was the character of hers. She would rather have written with the solidity of Pascal than with the charms of Sévigné. She loved abstract sciences, studied mathematics deeply, and published an explanation of the philosophy of Leibnitz, under the title of Institutions de Physique, in 8 vo. addressed to her son. The preliminary discourse to which is said to be a model of reason and eloquence. Afterwards she published a treatise on The Nature of Fire. To know common geometry did not satisfy her. She was so well skilled in the philsosophy of Newton, that she translated his works, and enriched them by a commentary, in 4 vols. 4 to. its title is Principes Mathematiques de la Philosophe Naturelle. This work, which cost her infinite labour, is supposed to have hastened her death.
She was beautiful, and, according to her friend Voltaire, more solicitous to conceal her knowledge than ​display it. The king of Prussia, who had long desired to see the philosopher of Ferney, on her death, refused to hear any more excuses. "I have yielded to madame Chatelet, on the score of a twenty year's friendship," said he; "but I also have known you a long time."
In a dedication to her, Voltaire says; "one reason why we should esteem women of letters is, because they study from taste and inclination only; while, with us, it must be acknowledged, it is often from vanity or interest.—It is true, that a woman who should neglect the duties of her family and station, to cultivate the sciences, would be blameable, let her progress be what it would: but the same spirit which leads to the knowledge of truth, will instruct us in the performance of duty."
F. C.
# A Biographical Dictionary of the Celebrated Women of Every Age and Country/Chelonis

CHELONIS, Daughter of Leonidas, and Wife of Cleombrotus, both Kings of Lacedemon.
By means of a faction, the former was obliged to take sanctuary in a temple, and the latter raised to the throne. Chelonis, far from sharing in her husband's good fortune, retired into the same temple with her father, and dwelt there with him in mortification and penance. Afterwards he was permitted to retire to Tagea, whither Chelonis also accompanied him. Cleombrotus, in his turn, being dethroned, Leonidas was restored to his kingdom; but Chelonis, no longer sensible of her husband's fault, determined to share his misfortune with him, though she had no share in his prosperity.
Leonidas, with an armed force, went to the place where his son-in-law was sheltered, and, in the most ​passionate manner, upbraided him with the injuries he had received. Cleombrotus had nothing to anwser; but his wife spoke for him, protesting at the same time, she would die with him, if her prayers and tears proved unsuccessful to save his life, and obtain leave for him to retire where he chose. Upon this, Leonidas granted him his life and liberty, and most affectionately besought her to continue with him; but, putting one of her children into her husband's arms, whilst she held the other, she went to pray at the altar, and immediately after, accompanied her husband to the place of his banishment.
Female Worthies.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Orleans, Henrietta, Duchess of

See also Henrietta, Duchess of Orleans on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​ORLEANS, HENRIETTA, Duchess of (1644–1670), third daughter of the English king, Charles I., and his queen, Henrietta Maria, was born during the Civil War at Exeter on the 16th of June 1644. A few days after her birth her mother left England, and provision for her maintenance having been made by Charles she lived at Exeter under the care of Lady Dalkeith (afterwards countess of Morton) until the surrender of the city to the parliamentarians, when she was taken to Oatlands in Surrey. Then in July 1646 Lady Dalkeith carried the princess in disguise to France, and she rejoined her mother in Paris, where her girlhood was spent and where she was educated as a Roman Catholic. Henrietta was present at the coronation of Louis XIV., and was mentioned as a possible bride for the king, but she was betrothed, not to Louis, but to his only brother Philip. After the restoration of her brother Charles II., she returned to England with her mother, but a few months later she was again in Paris, where she was married to Philip, now duke of Orleans, on the 30th of March 1661. The duchess was very popular at the court of Louis XIV., and was on good terms with the grand monarch himself; she shared in the knowledge of state secrets, but was soon estranged from her husband, and at the best her conduct was very imprudent. In 1670, at the instigation of Louis, she visited England and obtained the signature of Charles II.’s ministers to the treaty of Dover; her success in this matter greatly delighted Louis, but it did not improve her relations with Philip, who had long refused his consent to his wife’s visit to England. Shortly after returning to France, Henrietta died at St Cloud on the 30th of June 1670. She was buried at St Denis, her funeral oration being pronounced by her friend Bossuet, and it was asserted that she had been poisoned by order of her husband. She left two daughters, Marie Louise, wife of Charles II. of Spain, and Anne Marie, wife of Victor Amadeus II. of Savoy. According to legitimist principles, the descendants of Henrietta, through her daughter Marie of Savoy, are entitled to wear the British crown.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Orleans, Louis, Duke of (1372-1407)

See also Louis I, Duke of Orléans on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​ORLEANS, LOUIS, Duke of (1372–1407), younger son of the French king, Charles V., was born on the 13th of March 1372. Having been made count of Valois and of Beaumont-sur-Oise, and then duke of Touraine, he received the duchy of Orleans from his brother Charles VI. in 1392, three years after his marriage with Valentina (d. 1408), daughter of Gian Galeazzo Visconti, duke of Milan. This lady brought the county of Asti to her husband; but more important was her claim upon Milan, which she transmitted to her descendants, and which furnished Louis XII. and Francis I. with a pretext for interference in northern Italy. When Charles VI. became insane in 1392, Orleans placed himself in opposition to his uncle Philip II., duke of Burgundy, who was conducting the government; and this quarrel was not only the dominating factor in the affairs of France, but extended beyond the borders of that country. Continued after Philip’s death in 1404 with his son and successor, John the Fearless, it culminated in the murder of Orleans by one of John’s partisans on the 23rd of November 1407. The duke, who was an accomplished and generous prince, was suspected of immoral relations with several ladies of the royal house, among them Isabella of Bavaria, the queen of Charles VI. He had eight children by Valentina Visconti, including his successor, Charles of Orleans, the poet, and one of his natural sons was the famous bastard of Orleans, John, count of Dunois.
See E. Jarry, La Vie politique de Louis d’Orléans (Paris, 1889).