OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Eurysthenes

EURY'STHENES（Εὐρυσθένης), and PROCLES (Προκλῆς), the twin sons of Aristodemus, were born, according to the common account before, but, according to the genuine Spartan story, after their father's return to Peloponnesus and occupation of his allotment of Laconia. He died immediately after the birth of his children and had not even time to decide which of the two should succeed him. The mother professed to be unable to name the elder, and the Lacedaemonians in embarrassment applied to Delphi, and were instructed to make them both kings, but give the greater honour to the elder. The difficulty thus remaining was at last removed at the suggestion of Panites, a Messenian by watching which of the children was first washed and fed by the mother; and the first rank was accordingly given to Eurysthenes and retained by his descendants. (Herod. vi. 51, 52.) The mother's name was Argeia, and her brother Theras was, during their minority, their joint-guardian and regent. (Herod. iv. 147.) They were married to two sisters, twins like themselves, the daughters of Thersander, the Heracleid king of Cleonae, by name Lathria and Anaxandra, whose tombs were to be seen at Sparta in the time of Pausanias (iii. 16. § 5). The two brothers are said to have united with the son of Temenus to restore Aepytus, the son of Cresphontes, to Messenia. Otherwise, they were, according to both Pausanias and Herodotus, in continual strife, which perhaps may give a meaning to the strange story related in Polyaenus (i. 10), that Procles and Temenus attacked the Eurystheidae then in occupation of Sparta, and were successful through the good order preserved by the flute, the benefit of which on this occasion was the origin of the well-known Spartan practice. Ephorus in Strabo (viii. p. 366) states, that they maintained themselves by taking foreigners into their service, and these Clinton understands by the name Eurystheidae; but Müller considers it to be one of the transfers made by Ephorus in ancient times of the customs of his own. Cicero (de Div. ii. 43) tells us, that Procles died one year before his brother, and was much the more famous for his achievements. (Compare Clinton, F. H. vol. i. p. 333; Müller, Dor. i. 5. §§ 13, 14.) [A. H. C.]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Eustathius 6.

6. Bishop of Sebastia in Armenia, who, together with Basilius of Ancyra, was the author of the sect of the Macedonians. (Suid. s. v. Εὐστάθιος.) He was originally a monk, and is said to have been the first who made the Armenians acquainted with an ascetic life. For this reason some persons ascribed to him the work on Ascetics, which is usually regarded as the production of St. Basilius. He must have been a contemporary of Constantine the Great, for Nicephorous states, that although he had signed the decrees of the council of Nicaea, he yet openly sided with the Arians. (Epiphan. Ixxv. I, &c. ; Sozomen. iii. 13 ; Nicephor. ix. 16.)
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Eutelidas 1.

EUTE'LIDAS [1.], statuary. [Chryshothemis.]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Euthymus

EUTHY'MUS (Εὔθυμος), a hero of Locri in Italy, was a son of Astycles or of the river-god Caecinus. He was famous for his strength and skill in boxing, and delivered the town of Temessa from the evil spirit Polites, to whom a fair maiden was sacrificed every year. Euthymus himself disappeared at an advantaged age in the river Caenicus. (Strab. vi. p. 255; Aelian, V.H. viii. 18; Eustath. ad Hom. p. 1409.) He gained several victories at Olympia (Ol. 74, 76 and 77); and a statue of his at Olympia was the work of Pythagoras (Paus. vi. 6. § 2, 10. § 2.) [L. S.]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Eutychianus 1.

​EUTYCHIANUS. [Comazon.]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Eutychides, T. Caecilius

​EUTY'CHIDES, T. CAECI'LIUS, a freedman of Atticus. After his manumission by Atticus, his name naturally was T. Pomponius Eutychides ; but when Atticus was adopted by Q. Caecilius, his freedman also altered his name into T. Caecilius Eutychides. (Cic. ad Att. iv. 15.) [L. S.]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Eutelidas 2.

EUTE'LIDAS (Εὐτελίδας), a Lacedaemonian who gained a prize at Olympia in wrestling and in the pentathlon of boys, in B. C. 628 (Ol. 38), which was the first Olympiad in which the pentathlon, and the second in which wrestling was performed by boys. (Paus. v. 9. § 1, vi. 15, § 4, &c.) [L. S.]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Euterpe

EUTERPE. [Musae.]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Eutychianus 2.

​EUTYCHIA'NUS (Εὐτυχιανός). There are two persons of this name in the history of Constantinople : the one is called an historian, and must have lived at the time of Constantine the Great. He is styled chief secretary of the emperor, and a sophist ; but nothing further is known. (Georg. Codinus, Select. de Orig. Constant. 17.) The second was a friend of Agathius the historian, who undertook to write the history of his own time on the advice of Eutychianus. (Agath. Prooem.) [L. S.]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Eutychianus 3.

​EUTYCHIA'NUS (Εὐτυχιανός), a physician who lived probably in or before the fourth century after Christ, as one of his medical formulae is quoted by Marcellus Empiricus (De Medicam. c. 14. p. 303), who calls him by the title of "Archiater." He may perhaps be the same physician who is called Terentius Eutychianus by Theodorus Priscianus (De Medic. iv. 14.) [W. A. G.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hemphill, Samuel

​HEMPHILL, SAMUEL (d. 1741), Irish presbyterian minister, was a native of Ulster, and probably trained for the ministry in one of the presbyterian academies in the north of Ireland. He appears to have entered at Glasgow College on 5 March 1716, and to have received the degree of M.A. on 30 April. In 1718 he received a call from the new congregation of Castleblayney, co. Monaghan, and was ordained by Augher presbytery on 24 Dec. Shortly after he entered the ministry, there broke out the non-subscription controversy, coincident with the passing of the Irish Toleration Act, 1719, which was without the condition of subscription. He voted with the subscribers, and made his mark among them by issuing (1722) one of the ablest pamphlets on that side. In June 1723 he was present at the meeting of general synods in Dungannon, co. Tyrone, and was placed on the synod's committee. Soon afterwards he was at Edinburgh. Charles Mastertown [q. v.], the foremost man of his party, sent him while there a pamphlet bearing on the controversy for revision. He received the degree of M.A. at Edinburgh on 21 Jan. 1726. On 26 May he issued from Castleblayney his last publication, in which ​with great skill he retorted upon Samuel Haliday [q. v.] the palmary argument of the non-subscribers. If subscription be unscriptural, urged Hemphill, equally so is every method proposed by the non-subscribers for ascertaining the fitness of a minister. The publication was followed by the ejection of non-subscribers from the synod at the June meeting. Though he had deserved well of his party, he was left to struggle with the difficulties of a frontier congregation. In 1729 he was called to the new congregation at Antrim, formed by those who had withdrawn from the ministry of John Abernethy (1680–1740) [q. v.]; the synod, however, would not permit him to remove. He fell into pecuniary difficulties, and died on 28 March 1741.
Hemphill published: 1. ‘Some General Remarks … on the … Consistency of Subscribing, &c.’ [Belfast?], 1722, 8vo (anon.; acknowledged later). 2. Preface to Mastertown's ‘Apology for the Northern Presbyterians,’ &c., Glasgow, 1723, 4to (valuable for the account of the proceedings at the general synod of that year). 3. ‘The Third Page of Mr. Abernethy's Preface … considered,’ &c., Belfast, 1725, 8vo. 4. ‘A Letter to the Rev. Mr. Samuel Haliday, &c.,’ Dublin, 1726, 8vo.
[Cat. of Edinburgh Graduates, 1858, p. 199; Reid's Hist. Presb. Church in Ireland (Killen), 1867, iii. 148, 168, 204; Witherow's Hist. and Lit. Mem. of Presbyterianism in Ireland, 1879, i. 250 sq.; Killen's Hist. Congr. Presb. Church in Ireland, 1886, pp. 17, 84; extracts from Minutes of General Synod; records of Glasgow University, per W. J. Addison, esq.]
A. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Henderson, Charles Cooper

​HENDERSON, CHARLES COOPER (1803–1877), painter and etcher, born at the Abbey House, Chertsey, 14 June 1803, was younger son of John Henderson, and brother of John Henderson (1797–1878) [q. v.], the art collector. He was educated at Winchester as a commoner, and studied for the bar, but did not practise. Henderson was a very prolific artist, skilled in drawing the horse, and produced many subjects illustrative of coaching and scenes ‘on the road.’ Numbers of these were engraved and published by Messrs. Fores of Piccadilly, by Ackermann, and others; some he etched himself. When quite young he etched some views in Italy. Henderson married in 1828 Charlotte, eldest daughter of John By, by whom he had seven sons, including Colonel Kennett Gregg Henderson, C.B., and two daughters. He died at Lower Halliford-on-Thames on 21 Aug. 1877.
[Private information.]
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Henchman, Humphrey (1669-1739)

​HENCHMAN, HUMPHREY (1669–1739), civilian, grandson of Humphrey Henchman [q. v.], born in 1669, became a Westminster scholar in 1684, was elected to Christ Church, Oxford, proceeding B.A. 1691, M.A. 1694, B.C.L. and D.C.L. 1702 (Cat. of Oxford Graduates). He was admitted advocate at Doctors' Commons 23 Oct. 1703. A portrait of him was afterwards hung in one of the courts there. He was an intimate friend of Bishop Atterbury, and stood godfather to his son. Atterbury obtained for him the chancellorship of his see of Rochester in 1714. He was made chancellor of London in 1715. He was one of the counsel for Dr. Sacheverell on his impeachment in 1710. His speeches, which are given in Howell's ‘State Trials,’ are not merely acute and able, but very judicious and to the point (xv. 240, 304, 329, 357). He was also engaged against Whiston in his prosecution for heresy before the court of delegates. He was consulted by the government on several points connected with the treaty of Utrecht, some of the articles of which are said to have been drawn by him. He ‘was also appointed commissary of Essex and Herts, and was her Majesty's advocate in the High Court of Chivalry, in which court we find him promoting a suit before Dr. Isham at the Heralds' College in 1732’ (Welch). He died at his house at Hampton, Middlesex, 15 Aug. 1739, and was buried at Fulham. His wife survived him. Henchman was one of the authors of the Oxford collection of verses written to celebrate the return of William III from Ireland in 1690.
[Welch, List of Queen's Scholars, p. 208; authorities cited there; Notes and Queries, 3rd ser. iii. 150, 256, 316, 317; Coote's Cat. of English Civilians, p. 108; Political State of Great Britain, August 1739, p. 185; London Mag. 1739, p. 412; Gent. Mag. 1739, p. 439 and some references to Henchman and his wife in Musgrave's Obituary Notices; Sloane MS. 4847, No. 10, ff. 57 and 58.]
F. W-t.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Henderson, Alexander (1780-1863)

Alexander Farquharson Henderson in the ODNB.
​HENDERSON, ALEXANDER (1780–1863), physician, was born in Aberdeenshire in 1780, and was educated at Edinburgh University, where he graduated as a doctor of medicine on 12 Sept. 1803. His thesis ‘De modo, quo musculi, cerebrum atque nervi, respiratione afficiuntur,’ was printed in the same year in Edinburgh. He came to London and was admitted a licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians on 22 Dec. 1808. He chiefly applied himself to literature, and contributed to the ‘Encyclopædia Britannica,’ the ‘Edinburgh Review,’ and other publications. He resided at 6 Curzon Street, London, but he died at Caskieben, Aberdeenshire, on 16 Sept. 1863. He was the author of:
* ‘A Sketch of the Revolutions of Medical Science, and views relating to its Reform by P. J. G. Cabanis,’ translated from the French, 1806.
* ‘An Examination of the Imposture of Ann Moore, the fasting woman of Tutbury, illustrated by Remarks on the Cases of Real and Pretended Abstinence,’ London, 1813.
* ‘The History of Ancient and Modern Wines,’ London, 1824.
[Munk's Coll. of Phys. 1878, iii. 69; Medical Times, 26 Sept. 1863, p. 341; Catalogue of Library in Surgeon-General's Office at Washington, 1885, vi. 59.]
G. C. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Henderson, Andrew (1783-1835)

​HENDERSON, ANDREW (1783–1835), portrait-painter, born at Cleish, near Kinross in Scotland, in 1783, was son of the gardener to Lord-chief-commissioner William Adam [q. v.] at Blair-Adam, Kinross-shire. He was apprenticed at the age of thirteen to his brother Thomas in General Scott's gardens at Bellevue, Edinburgh, and was subsequently employed in the Earl of Kinnoull's gardens at Dupplin and in the Earl of Hopetoun's near Edinburgh. His constitution not being strong enough for outdoor work, he obtained a situation in a manufacturing house in Paisley, and eventually became foreman in Messrs. Hepburn & Watt's establishment there. His love of pictorial art led him, however, to attend a drawing-school, and eventually to surrender his position in order to become an artist. In March 1809 he went to London, and studied for three or four years in the Royal Academy. In 1813 he returned to Scotland, settled at Glasgow as a portrait-painter, practising with considerable local success for about twenty years, and exhibited at the Royal Scottish Academy in Edinburgh in 1828, 1829, and 1830. Henderson was a man of extremely original character, of fiery temperament and violent impetuosity in speech, yet full of broad humour, and much beloved by his intimate friends. He was large and ungainly in figure, but possessed a sharp, shrill voice. In 1832 he published at Edinburgh a collection of ‘Scottish Proverbs,’ with etchings by himself, and a preface by his intimate friend W. Motherwell; a second edition was published in London in 1876 without the etchings. Henderson, Motherwell, and a third intimate friend and equally original character, John Donald Carrick [q. v.], were the chief contributors to ‘The Laird of Logan; Anecdotes and Tales illustrative of the Wit and Humour of Scotland’ (posthumously published 1841). The book contains many anecdotes of Henderson, and the preface supplies biographies of the three friends. Henderson died of apoplexy in Glasgow, 9 April 1835, and was buried in the necropolis. A portrait by himself was exhibited by Dr. William Young in the Glasgow Exhibition of British Artists, 1835. Henderson was an original member of the Society of Dilettanti, founded in Glasgow in 1825.
[Biography in the preface to The Laird of Logan; J. Irving's Book of Eminent Scotsmen; private information.]
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hemphill, Barbara

​HEMPHILL, BARBARA (d. 1858), novelist, was youngest daughter of Patrick Hare, rector of Golden in the county of Tipperary, and representative of the Irish family of Clare of the sept of the O'Heir. She married John Hemphill (d. 1833) of Cashel, whose family had long been settled at Rathkeany. She died 5 May 1858, leaving one son, Charles Hare Hemphill, Q.C.
Mrs. Hemphill wrote much for amusement, and began to publish by the advice of Thomas Crofton Croker [q. v.], a connection by marriage. Her first published work was a story in the ‘Dublin University Magazine’ for 1838, called ‘The Royal Confession.’ She also wrote: 1. ‘Lionel Deerhurst, or Fashionable Life under the Regency,’ London, 1846, 8vo. This was edited by the Countess of Blessington. 2. ‘The Priest's Niece,’ a novel, London, 1855, 8vo. 3. ‘Freida the Jongleur,’ London, 1857, 8vo, an historical novel.
[Information from C. H. Hemphill, Q.C.; Burke's Landed Gentry, p. 680; Gent. Mag. cciv. 685.]
W. A. J. A.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Burton, Sir Richard Francis

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​BURTON, SIR RICHARD FRANCIS (1821–1890)
Traveller, author and linguist : son of Colonel J. Netterville Burton : born March 19, 1821 : educated on the continent, without system, and was at Trinity College, Oxford, for 5 terms from 1840 : to India, 1842, in the Bombay Native Army : made himself proficient in Oriental languages and studied Muhammadan life and customs thoroughly, at Baroda and in the Sind Survey : wrote on Pushto and Beluchi : while in England, from 1849 to 1853, he published works on languages and his Indian experiences. In 1853 he made the pilgrimage to Mecca in disguise, without being detected, and wrote a full account of it. In 1854 he visited Somaliland with the leave of the Bombay Government : wrote Footsteps in E. Africa : in 1855, served in the Crimean war in the Bashibazouks : on leave from India, led an expedition with Speke to discover the sources of the Nile, 1856–9 : gained the gold medal of the Royal Geographical Society, 1859 : left the Indian service, only visiting that country again in 1876, to Aden, Sind and Goa. The rest of his life was spent in the Consular service at Fernando Po, in Brazil, Damascus, Trieste (1872–90), and in extensive travels in North and South America, on the Gold Coast, and in other countries adjacent to his consular appointments. His literary work was very considerable. He wrote on Camoens and translated the Lusiad : planned a great Book of the Sword : and translated the Arabian Nights, with a fulness of text and notes which laid bare his minute knowledge of Oriental nature : his works exceeded 50 volumes. His wife accompanied him wherever possible in his appointments and travels : and wrote a life of him, which was corrected by another account : made K.C.M.G. in 1885 : died at Trieste, Oct. 20, 1890.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Bussy-Castelnau, Charles Joseph Patissier, Marquis de

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​BUSSY-CASTELNAU, CHARLES JOSEPH PATISSIER, MARQUIS DE (1718–1785)
French officer : was in La Bourdonnais' expedition to India in 1746 : through his influence, Salabat Jang was made Nizam of Hyderabad in 1751, on the death of Muzaflfar Jang : Bussy secured French ascendency at Hyderabad and the grant of the Northern Sircars : fighting for the Nizam, he defeated the Nawab of Savanore, but was, through jealousy, ordered in 1756 to leave the Nizam's territory : soon regained his supremacy : refused assist- ance to Sturajuddaula, Nawab Nazim of Murshidabad in 1757 : he seized Vizagapatam and other English fortresses, and secured Daulatabad for Salabat Jang. In June, 1758, when at the zenith of his power, he was recalled by Lally, the new French Governor-General at Pondicherry : in the battle of Wandiwash, in which Sir Ejnre Coote defeated Lally, in Jan., 1760, Bussy was taken prisoner by the English, but released. After the capture of Pondicherry on Jan. 16, 1761, no mention is made of Bussy in India until 1783, when ​he was landed with French troops, by Admiral Suflxein, to reinforce Cuddalore, then besieged by the English. On the declaration of peace between France and England, Bussy withdrew the French troops from the support of Tippoo. He is said to have gained a large fortune in India and to have been highly regarded by Dupleix. He died at Pondicherry, Jan. 1785.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Busteed, Henry Elmsley

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​BUSTEED, HENRY ELMSLEY (1833–)
Brig-Surgeon : entered the Madras Medical service, 1856 : served in the Indian mutiny : at the relief of Lucknow, 1857 : was in the Assay Department of the Mints at Madras, Bombay, and Calcutta, successively : confirmed as Assay-master, Calcutta, 1872 : acted as Mintmaster, 1873 and 1875 : retired, June, 1886 : C.I.E., 1887 : author of Echoes from Old Calcutta.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Bühler, Johann Georg

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​BÜHLER, JOHANN GEORG (1837–1898)
Born July 19, 1837, at Borstel, in Hanover: son of a pastor: educated at Hanover and Gottingen: graduated in Oriental languages and Archaeology, 1858: studied Sanskrit at Paris, London, Oxford: became an eminent Orientalist: Professor of Oriental Languages at the Elphinstone College, Bombay, 1863: Superintendent of Sanskrit Studies, Poona, 1866: Educational Inspector, N. Division, Bombay Presidency, 1868, 1872: edited Sanskrit texts: several times deputed to collect Sanskrit texts: discovered over 5,000 MSS., which the Indian Government distributed among British Universities and Collections, and Indian Societies and Institutions: left India, 1880: gave much attention to ancient inscriptions, doing important work as an epigraphist: wrote on Indian inscriptions: brought out, with Sir R. West (q.v.), a digest of Hindu Law: wrote a Sanskrit Primer, editions of Sanskrit works: published a Glossary of the oldest Prakrit dictionary: collaborated in the series of Sacred Books of the East: translated the Laws of Manu: became Professor of Indian Philology and Archaeology at the University of Vienna: edited an Encyclopeedia of Indo-Aryan Philology: contributed his Indische Paldographie, 1896: was member of the Royal Asiatic and other learned Societies: drowned in Lake Constance, April 8, 1898.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Burrell, Littellus

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​BURRELL, LITTELLUS (1753–1827)
Maj-General : born in 1753 : entered the E. I. Co.'s Bengal Army as a volunteer in 1770 : Corporal, 1771; Serjeant, 1772; Serjeant-Major, 1775; Ensign, 1779; Maj-General, 1821 : was at the battle of Cutra, April 23, 1774 : in the capture of Gwalior under Popham in 1780 : fought under Col. John Gardiner at Malavilli : and Seringapatam, 1799 : engaged in Mysore, in Lord Lake's campaigns of 1803, and 1804–5 : commanded a Brigade in 1817 against the Pindaris, and, later, the British forces in Oudh, and at Cuttack : after 1821 he retired, and died Sep. 13, 1827.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Burrow, Reuben

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​BURROW, REUBEN (1747–1792)
A distinguished mathematician and astronomer : born Dec. 30, 1747. son of a farmer : educated at Leeds : became a clerk, usher, schoolmaster, assistant astronomer and schoolmaster at Greenwich, arithmetical teacher at the Tower, edited the Royal Almanack, went to India in 1782, learnt Sanskrit : wrote to Warren Hastings, then Governor-General : appointed to teach mathematics to the Engineers, and on the Survey of Bengal : an early member of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, for whom, and the Asiatic Researches, he contributed eleven papers about the mathematics and astronomy of the Hindus : died at Baxar, June 7, 1792.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Böhtlingk, Otto von

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​BÖHTLINGK, OTTO VON (1815–1904)
Born May 30, 1815, at St. Petersburg: studied there and at Dorpat, Berlin, Bonn: returned to St. Petersburg, 1842. At first, his scholarship was directed to the study of Arabic and Persian, but he became celebrated as a worker in Sanskrit. In 1840, he published Grammaire Sanskrile (Panini's), 1843: Dissertation sur Vaccent Sanskrit: edition and German translation of Sakuntala de Kalidasa: Chrestomathie Sanskrite, 1877. The great work of his life was his Sanskrit Dictionary, 7 vols, brought out with the collaboration of Professors Roth and Weber, 1852–75: died at Leipzig in 1904.