OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Uruguayana

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​URUGUAYANA, a city and river port of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, on the left bank of the Uruguay river, 348 ft. above sea-level (at the R. R. station) and about 360 m. in a direct line W. of Porto Alegre. Pop. (1900) 13,638. A railway connects with Quarahim (47 m.) on the Uruguayan frontier, and thence by a Uruguayan line with Montevideo by way of Paysandú. The same line extends N. 62 m. to the naval station of Itaquy. A cross-country line was under construction in 1909 to Cacequy, which is in direct communication with Porto Alegre and the city of Rio Grande. The upper Uruguay is navigable from the Quarahim to the town of Sao Tomé, and small river steamers ply regularly between Ceibo, on the Argentine side, and the latter. Opposite Uruguayana is the Argentine town of Restauracion, or Paso los Libres. The river is 2 m. wide at this point, and 154 ft. above sea-level. Uruguayana is prettily situated on a low hill rising gently from the riverside and its low houses are surrounded by orange groves. There are large military barracks near the shore, a theatre and a custom-house. The surrounding country is chiefly pastoral, but there is a small area under vineyards, and in addition to grapes some other fruits are produced. Uruguayana was captured by a Paraguayan force under General Estigarribia on the 5th of August 1865, and was recaptured without a fight by the allied forces under General Bartolomé Mitre on the 18th of September. The Paraguayan occupation left theitown partially in ruins, and it remained in a decadent condition until near the end of the century, when reviving industries in the state and a renewal of railway construction promoted its commercial activity and growth.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Uselis

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​USELIS (mod. Usellus), an ancient town of Sardinia, situated in the hills to the S.E. of Oristano, 900 ft. above sea-level. A bronze tablet of A.D. 158 (a labula palronalus, setting forth that M. Aristius Balbinus had accepted the position of patron of the town for himself and his heirs) speaks of the place as Colonia Julia Augusta Uselis. From this it would seem that it had become a colony under Augustus, were it not that Pliny (H.N. iii. 85) asserts that Turris Libisonis was the only colony in Sardinia at his time. It may be that civic rights were obtained from Augustus (Th. Mommsen in Corp. Inscr. Lat. x. p. 816). The site of the ancient town is marked by the church of S. Reparata, and various antiquities have been found there. The episcopal see was transferred to Ales in the 12th century, though the old name is still officially used.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Usedom

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​USEDOM, an island of Germany, in the Prussian province of Pomerania, lying off the Baltic coast, and separated by the Swine from the island of Wollin, which together with it divides the Stettiner Haff from the open sea. It is 31 m. in length. ​13 broad and 160 sq. m. in area. The surface is generally flat (only a few sand-hills rising to any height) and is diversified by moor, fen, lakes and forest. Agriculture, cattle-rearing, fishing and other maritime pursuits are the chief occupations of the inhabitants. Swinemünde and Usedom (pop. 1700) are the chief towns, and Heringsdorf, Ahlbeck and Zinnowitz are frequented watering-places. Pop. (1900) 33,000.
See Gadebusch, Chronik der Insel Usedom (Anklam, 1863), and C. Müller, Die Seebäder der Inseln Usedom und Wollin (6th ed., Berlin, 1896).
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Uses

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​USES, in law, equitable or beneficial interests in land. In early law a man could not dispose of his estate by will nor could religious houses acquire it. As a method of evading the common law arose the practice of making feoffments to the use of, or upon trust for, persons other than those to whom the seisin or legal possession was delivered, to which the equitable jurisdiction of the chancellor gave effect. To remedy the abuses which it was said were occasioned by this evasion of the law was passed the famous Statute of Uses (1536), which, however, failed to accomplish its purpose. Out of this failure of the Statute of Uses arose the modern law of Trusts, under which heading will be found a full history of uses. See also Conveyancing.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Usher

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​USHER (O. Fr. ussier, uissier, mod. huissier, from Lat. ostiarius, a door-keeper, ostium, doorway, entrance, os, mouth), properly an official or servant who guards the entrance to a building, admits those who have the right of admission and keeps out strangers; such functions as the introduction of those who are admitted, the conducting them to their seats or to the presence of the persons receiving them and the keeping of order and silence are also performed by them. The "ushers" of a law-court are familiar officials of this kind. The name is also applied to various members of the British royal household, in which there are several "gentlemen-ushers." The four principal British orders of knighthood style one of their chief officers "usher"; thus there is a gentleman-usher of the Black Rod, who is also one of the high officials of the House of Lords (see further, Black Rod, and Knighthood and Chivalry,—Orders of Knighthood). A common usage of the word, now obsolescent, is for an undermaster at a school.
# A Book of Nursery Songs and Rhymes/Dance to your daddy

​LXIII.
Dance to your daddy, My little laddy! Dance to your daddy, My little lamb! You shall have a fishy, In a little dishy, You shall have a fishy When the boat comes in.
# A Book of Nursery Songs and Rhymes/Dickery, dickery, dock

​LVI.
Dickery, dickery, dock, The mouse ran up the clock. The clock struck one, And down he run; Dickery, dickery, dock!
# A Book of Nursery Songs and Rhymes/Cobbler, cobbler, mend my shoe

​LXXI.
Cobbler, cobbler, mend my shoe, Give it a stitch, and that will do. Here's a nail, and there's a prod, And now my little maid's well shod.
# A Book of Nursery Songs and Rhymes/Cock-a-doodle-do!

​II.
Cock-a-doodle-do! My dame has lost her shoe; My master's lost his fiddle-stick, Alack! what shall I do?
Cock-a-doodle-do! What is my dame to do? Till master finds his fiddle-stick, She'll dance without a shoe.
Cock-a-doodle-do! My dame has lost a shoe. But master's found his fiddle-stick, Sing doodle, doodle-do!
​Cock-a-doodle-do! My dame will dance with you, While master fiddles with fiddle-stick For dame and doodle-do!
# A Book of Nursery Songs and Rhymes/Cushy cow bonny, let down your milk

​XC.
Cushy cow bonny, let down your milk, And I will give you a gown of silk; A gown of silk and a golden fee, If you will let down your milk for me.
# A Book of Nursery Songs and Rhymes/Four-and-twenty tailors went to kill a snail

​XXXVI.
Four-and-twenty tailors went to kill a snail, The bravest man among them durstn't touch its tail. The snail put out its horns, like a little dun cow, Run, tailors, run, or she'll kill you all now.
# A Book of Nursery Songs and Rhymes/Cross patch, draw the latch

​XIX.
Cross patch, draw the latch, Sit by the fire and spin. Take a cup, and drink it up, Then call your neighbours in.
# A Book of Nursery Songs and Rhymes/Daddy-daddy longlegs

​XLVIII.
Daddy-daddy longlegs Wouldn't say his prayers. Take him by the left leg Throw him downstairs.
# A Book of Nursery Songs and Rhymes/Ding-dong-bell

NURSERY JINGLES
​I.
Ding-dong-bell, Pussy's in the well! Who put her in? Little Tommy Lynn. Who pulled her out? Little Jack Sprout. What a naughty boy was that To drown a pretty pussy cat, Who never did any harm But killed the mice in his daddy's barn.
# A Book of Nursery Songs and Rhymes/Forty Dukes

​X. FORTY DUKES
'Forty dukes a-riding, my ducy, dulcy officer, Forty dukes a-riding, my ducy, dulcy day. What do you wish for, my ducy, dulcy officer? What do you wish for, my ducy, dulcy day?' 'I wish to catch the naughty girls, naughty girls, naughty girls, I wish to catch the naughty girls, my ducy dulcy day.'
'We are none of us naughty, sir, my ducy, dulcy officer, We are none of us naughty, sir, my ducy, dulcy day.' 'How do you show your goodness, girls, goodness, girls, goodness, girls,' How do you show your goodness, girls, my ducy, dulcy day?'
'We all do as we're bidden, sir, my ducy, dulcy officer, We all do as we're bidden, sir, my ducy, dulcy day.' 'Then I bid you stop your game, stop your game, stop your game, Then I bid you stop your game, my ducy, dulcy day.'
​'No , we will not stop for you, stop for you, stop for you, No, we will not stop for you, my ducy, dulcy day.'
'So, naughty girls, you won't obey, won't obey, won't obey, So, naughty girls, you won't obey, my ducy, dulcy day? Then I'll make you stop your play, stop your play, stop your play, Then I'll make you stop your play, my ducy, dulcy day.
'I'll catch you one and catch you all, catch you big and catch you small, I'll catch you one and catch you all, my ducy, dulcy day.'
[This game is played with one child blindfolded in a ring of others.]
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Zoisite

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​ZOISITE, a rock-forming mineral, consisting of basic calcium and aluminium silicate, Ca$_2$(AlOH)Al$_2$(SiO$_4$)$_3$, crystallizing in the orthorhombic system. It is closely related to epidote (q.v.) both in the angles of the crystals and in chemical composition: a zoisite containing some iron replacing aluminium may be identical in composition with an epidote (“clinozoisite”) poor in iron. The crystals are prismatic in habit and are deeply furrowed parallel to their length; terminal planes are rare; there is a perfect cleavage parallel to the brachy-pinacoid. Columnar and compact masses are more common. The hardness is 61/2 and the specific gravity 3.25–3.37. The colour is often grey; a rose-red variety, known as “thulite,” occurs with sky-blue vesuvianite at Telemarken in Norway, and has been used to a limited extent as an ornamental stone. According to differences in the optical characters, two kinds of zoisite have been distinguished. Zoisite is a product of dynamo-metamorphism, and occurs as a constituent of some crystalline ​schists, such as amphibolite and eclogite. It was first observed by Baron Zois (after whom it was named) in the eclogite of Sau-Alpe in Carinthia; other localities are the Ducktown copper mines in Tennessee, where it occurs embedded in chalcopyrite; Loch Garve in Ross-shire, &c. The “saussurite” of the Alps and elsewhere, which has resulted from the alteration of the plagioclase felspar of gabbro, consists largely of zoisite with epidote.  (L. J. S.)
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Zombor

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​ZOMBOR, a town of Hungary, capital of the county of Bács Bodrog, 146 m. S. of Budapest by rail. Pop. (1900) 29,036, two-thirds Servians. It is situated in a fertile plain near the Franz Josef canal, which connects the Danube and the Theiss, and is the centre of the corn and cattle trade of an extensive area.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Zollverein

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​ZOLLVEREIN (Ger. Zoll, toll, customs, and Verein, union), a term used generally for a certain form of Customs Union, but specially for the system among the German states which was in force between 1819 and 1871 (see Tariff, and Germany: History).
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Zonaras, Joannes

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​ZONARAS, JOANNES (John) Byzantine chronicler and theologian, flourished at Constantinople in the 12th century. Under Alexius I. Comnenus he held the offices of commander of the bodyguard and private secretary to the emperor, but in the succeeding reign he retired to Hagia Glykeria (one of the Princes' Islands), where he spent the rest of his life in writing books. His most important work, Ἐπιτομὴ Ἱστοριῶν (compendium of history), in eighteen books, extends from the creation of the world to the death of Alexius (1118). The earlier part is largely drawn from Josephus; for Roman history he chiefly followed Dio Cassius, whose first twenty books are not otherwise known to us. His history was continued by Nicetas Acominatus. Various ecclesiastical works have been attributed to Zonaras—commentaries on the Fathers and the poems of Gregory of Nazianzus; lives of Saints; and a treatise on the Apostolical Canons—and there is no reason to doubt their genuineness. The lexicon, however, which has been handed down under his name (ed. J. A. H. Tittmann 1808) is probably the work of a certain Antonius Monachus (Stein’s Herodotus, ii. 479 f.).
Complete edition in Migne, Patrologia Graeca, cxxxiv. cxxxv. cxxxvii.; the Chronicon by M. Pinder and T. Büttner-Wobst in the Bonn Corpus Scriptorum Hist. Byz. (1841–97) and by L. Dindorf in the Teubner series (1868–76); see bibliography in C. Krumbacher, Geschichte der byzantinischen Litteratur (2nd ed. 1897).
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Zoffany, Johann

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​ZOFFANY, JOHANN (1733–1810), British painter, whose father was architect to the prince of Thurn and Taxis, was born in Frankfort-on-Main. He ran away from home at the age of thirteen and went to Rome, where he studied art for nearly twelve years. In 1758 he left for England, and after undergoing some hardships was brought into fashion by royal patronage, and in 1769 was included among the foundation members of the Royal Academy. He went to Florence in 1772 with an introduction from George III. to the grand duke of Tuscany, and did not return until 1779. During this second stay in Italy he met with much success, and was commanded by the empress Maria Theresa to paint a picture of the royal family of Tuscany; this work he executed so much to the satisfaction of the empress that in 1778 he was created a baron of the Austrian empire. He went next to India, where he lived from 1783 to 1790, to which period belong some of his best-known paintings; but the last twenty years of his life were spent in England. He died in 1810 and was buried in Kew churchyard. His portrait groups of dramatic celebrities are, perhaps, the most highly esteemed of his many productions; they have considerable technical merit and show much shrewd insight into character. Several of the best are in the Garrick Club, London.
# A Chinese Biographical Dictionary/Chia Ch'ang-ch'ao

​314 Chia Ch'ang-ch'ao 賈昌朝 (T. 子明) A.D. 998-1065. A descendant of 賈緯 Chia Wei, one of the historians of the Chin dynasty, and a distinguished writer on philology. He graduated as chin shih in 1017, and in 1043 he became a Minister of State; but his constant wrangles with 吳育 Wu Yü led to his dismissal to a provincial post. On the accession of the Emperor Mo Tsung he was made Governor of Fêng-hsiang in Shensi, and ennobled as Duke. Canonised as 文元.
# A Chinese Biographical Dictionary/Chia Chien

​315 Chia Chien 賈堅. 5th cent. A.D. A famous archer, who at the age of sixty would place a cow at a distance of 100 paces and with one arrow graze its back, while with a second he grazed its belly.
# A Chinese Biographical Dictionary/Chao Yün (朝雲, 11th c.)

​197 Chao Yün 朝雲. The accomplished and beautiful mistress of the poet Su Tung-p'o. She accompanied her lover on his banishment to Hui-chou in Kuangtung, and there died, with these words from the Diamond Sûtra upon her lips: - "Like a dream, like a vision, like a bubble, like a shadow, like dew, like lightning." A tablet to her memory still stands upon the shores of the Western Lake.
# A Chinese Biographical Dictionary/Chia Ch'ing

​318 Chia Ch'ing 嘉慶. Died A.D. 1820. The title of the reign of 顒 (or 永) 琰 Yung-yen, the fifteenth son of the Emperor Ch'ien Lung. He succeeded in 1796, and proved a worthless and dissolute ruler. His reign was constantly disturbed by family feuds, secret society risings, and plots, which cost vast sums to put down; while from 1805 to 1809 the coast from Shantung to Tongking was infested with pirates, who fought pitched battles with the Imperial navy and almost stopped trade. In 1808 the Emperor was attacked in the streets of Peking; and ten years later a band of conspirators penetrated into the palace, and the Emperor owed his life to his second son, whom he at once made Heir Apparent, and to a nephew. He gave up the annual hunting excursions, which had been associated with Manchu energy. By insisting on the "kotow," he repelled Lord Amherst's mission in 1816. He was strongly opposed to missionaries, and expelled the famous Père Amyot. Canonised as 仁宗睿皇帝.
# A Chinese Biographical Dictionary/Chao Yün (趙昀)

​199 Chao Yün 趙昀. A.D. 1203-1264. A descendant in the eleventh generation from the founder of the Sung dynasty. He reigned from 1225 to 1264 as fifth Emperor of the Southern Sung dynasty (see Chao K'uo). He left Shih Mi-yüan in supreme power until the latter's death in 1233. Then for a year, with the able aid of Chêng Ch'ing-chih, the Emperor ruled well; but the collapse of the Chin$^a$ power proved too great a temptation, and a rash expedition, in defiance of treaty, to recover the ancient capitals, K'ai-fêng and Lo-yang, brought on war with the Mongols. The enemy penetrated to the Yang-tsze, while the new Minister, 史嵩之 Shih Sung-chih, failed to offer any effectual resistance. The country was overrun with superfluous officials; the people were ground down with taxes and the expenses of the war; the high officials neglected their duties and spent their time in intriguing. In 1256 the Emperor, grown arbitrary and capricious, came under the influence of the obsequious Ting Ta-ch'üan, who fell three years later, when the successes of the Mongol invaders could no longer be concealed. Chia Ssŭ-tao, brother of the favourite concubine 賈涉 Chia Shê, had risen to high rank in Hu-Kuang, and now by offers of vassalage and tribute induced Kublai Khan, who was also anxious to return to the north and make sure of his throne, to withdraw his forces from Ch'ang-sha and Wu-ch'ang. A treacherous attack on the Mongol rearguard, and the subsequent imprisonment of his envoys in order to conceal the terms of peace, determined Kublai to crush the perfidious Sungs; but the Emporor died ere Kublai's preparations were completed. Canonised as 理宗皇帝 .
# A Chinese Biographical Dictionary/Chia Ch'ung

​319 Chia Ch'ung 賈充 (T. 公閭). A.D. 217-282. A native of Hsiang-ling, whose father, Chia K'uei, predicted that he would some day 充 fill 閭 the village with congratulations. He inherited the title of Marquis, and held civil and military appointments. He attached himself to 司馬師 Ssŭ-ma Shih, who engrossed all power in Wei, and afterwards to his brother Ssŭ-ma Chao; and in A.D. 260 he fought the last Emperor of the Wei dynasty when he tried to leave the palace to slay Chia's patron, and urged one of his followers to kill him. In 264 he pressed the ​claims of Ssŭ-ma Yen to succeed his father Ssŭ-ma Chao, and consequently the founder of the Chin dynasty greatly trusted him, and raised him to be Duke of Lu and Prime Minister. He then drew up a new law code which was favourably received by the people. In 280 the attack upon Wu, which he had at first deprecated, was crowned under his leadership with such perfect success that he actually fell ill from shame. He was succeeded by his daughter's son, 韓謐 Han Mi (see Chia Mi), his jealous wife having compassed the death of two nurses whom she suspected of undue familiarity with their master, and thus caused his only two boys to pine away and die. Though an able Minister and a clever writer, posterity has ranked him among the traitors of his country. He was canonised as 武, some suggesting that 荒 would be more appropriate.
# A Chinese Biographical Dictionary/Chao Yüan

​194 Chao Yüan 趙元 (T. 貞固). A scholar and official of the 7th cent. A.D., known chiefly from his intimate friendship with the poet Ch'ên Tzŭ-ang. He was at Lo-yang during the reign of the Empress Wu Hou, when he found it more consistent with safety to lead a quiet and retired life. He died at the age of 49, and was canonised by his friends as 昭夷先生.
# A Chinese Biographical Dictionary/Chao Yün (朝雲, 4th c.)

​198 Chao Yün 朝雲. A waiting-woman in the family of a man named 王琛 Wang Shen, skilled in playing on the flute. The ​aborigines near 秦 Ch'in-chou in Kansuh having revolted, her master sent her in disguise to win them back to their alliance, which by the aid of her playing she succeeded in doing.
# A Chinese Biographical Dictionary/Chao Yüan-hao

​195 Chao Yüan-hao 趙元昊. A.D. 1003—1048. The founder of the Hsia State. He was the son of 趙德明 Chao Tê-ming, who had been Governor of Hsia-chou in Kansuh, and had been posthumously ennobled as King of Hsia. The family was descended from the Tobas. Under the T'ang dynasty the surname 李 Li had been bestowed upon them for services rendered; and this again had been similarly changed under the Sung dynasty to Chao. Chao Yüan-hao succeeded his father in 1032 as Governor of Hsia-chou. He was of a fierce and suspicious nature, a student of Buddhism, ​and well acquainted with the Chinese people. In 1034 he invaded Chinese territory, and having seized all the country west of the Yellow River, he attacked 蘭 Lan-chou Fu. In 1038 he proclaimed himself independent as Emperor of Hsia. In 1041, after three years' successful warfare, he offered peace, and in 1042 he was formally recognised as King of Hsia. He was killed by a son whose wife he had appropriated. For nearly two hundred years after his death the State he had founded continued to exist, always more or less in antagonism to the Imperial House, until at length it was finally overthrown by the Mongols in 1227.
# A Chinese Biographical Dictionary/Chao Yün (趙雲)

​196 Chao Yün 趙雲 (T. 子龍). Died A.D. 229. One of the heroes of the wars of the Three Kingdoms, distinguished by his unusual stature and great personal beauty. He was a champion of the cause of Liu Pei, whose son (see Liu Ch'an) he is said to have saved twice, - once in the rout at 長阪坡 Ch'ang-fan-p'o, and again when 孫夫人 Lady Sun, the wife of Liu Pei, was about to take him into Wu. It was on the first occasion that Liu Pei is said to have cried out “Tzŭ-lung's whole body is one mass of courage!" In a subsequent engagement he was less successful, and was dismissed to an inferior command; yet he was highly honoured in the Kingdom of Shu, and at his death he was posthumously ennobled as Marquis.
# A Chinese and English vocabulary, in the Tie-chiu dialect/Kʽip
### Kʽip.
#### 吸$^4$

    To draw in the breath; inhale; to drink.

#### 扱$^4$

    To take; receive; obtain; draw; lead; to courtesy or bow.

#### 汲$^4$

    To draw water from a well; to draw; lead; drag; laborious.

#### 笈$^4$

    A box for containing one's books.

#### 級$^4$

    Regular series; steps; degrees; classed; assorted; numeral of heads decapitated.

#### 泣$^4$

    To weep; shed tears silently.
# A Chinese and English vocabulary, in the Tie-chiu dialect/Kʽit
### Kʽit.
#### 詰$^4$

    To interrogate; investigate; question with authority; to prohibit; reprove.
# A Chinese and English vocabulary, in the Tie-chiu dialect/Kʽo
### Kʽo.
#### 苦$^2$

    Bitter; unpleasant; distressing; urgent; to dislike.

#### 楛$^2$

    A wood of which shafts of arrows and spears are made; bad; weak.

#### 庫$^{3-}$

    A storehouse; treasury.

#### 褲$^{3-}$

    Pantaloons.

#### 𡨥$^{3-}$

    Pirates; robbers; to plunder; pillage.

#### 𦸅$^{3-}$

    A nutmeg; a certain medicine.