OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Marshall, Thomas William

​MARSHALL, THOMAS WILLIAM (1818–1877), catholic controversialist, son of John Marshall, who in the time of Sir Robert Peel was government agent for colonising New South Wales, was born in 1818, and educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he graduated B.A. in 1840. Taking orders he was appointed curate of Swallowcliffe and Anstey, Wiltshire. In 1844 he published a bulky work entitled 'Notes on the Episcopal Polity of the Holy Catholic Church: with some Account of the Development of the Modern Religious Systems,' London, 1844, 8vo. In 1845 he joined the Roman catholic church, and resigned his curacy. He subsequently became an inspector of schools and published 'Tabulated Reports on Roman Catholic Schools, inspected in the South and East of England and in South Wales,' 1859. A later work by him, 'Christian Missions; their Agents, their Method, and their Results,' 3 vols. London, 1862, 8vo, embodied extensive research, and passed through several editions in this country and the United States; it has been translated into French and other European languages, and Pope Pius IX acknowledged its value by bestowing on the author the cross of the order of St. Gregory. Among his other works are: 'Church Defence;' 'Christianity in China: a fragment,' London, 1858, 8vo; 'Catholic Missions in Southern India,' London, 1865, 8vo, in conjunction with the Rev. W. Strickland, S.J.; and 'My Clerical Friends and their Relation to Modern Thought,' London, 1873, 8vo. About 1873 he visited the United States and lectured in most of the large towns on subjects connected with the catholic religion; and he received the degree of LL.D. from the college of Georgetown. After his return to England Marshall published 'Protestant Journalism' (anon.), London, 1874, 8vo; and contributed to the 'Tablet' a series of articles on 'Religious Contrasts,' 1875–6, on 'The Protestant Tradition,' June–Dec. 1876, and on 'Ritualism,' 1877 (incomplete). Marshall died at Surbiton, Surrey, on 14 Dec. 1877, and was buried at Mortlake.
[Gondon's Motifs de Conversion de dix Ministry s Anglicans, pp. 20–37; Gondon's Conversion de Cent Cinquante Ministres Anglicans, pp. 100–102; Gibbon's Bibl. Dict. of the Eng. Catholics, vol. iv. (M.S.); Browne's Annals of the Tractarian Movement, 1861, p. 100; Tablet, December 1877, pp. 775, 822.]
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Marshall, William (1806-1875)

​MARSHALL, WILLIAM (1806–1875), organist and musical composer, son of William Marshall, a musicseller of Oxford, was born in that city in 1800. He gained his musical education as chorister of the Chapel Royal under John Stafford Smith and William Hawes. In 1825 he was appointed organist to Christ Church and St. John's College, Oxford, and also for some time officiated as organist at the church of All Saints. He took the degree of Mus. Bac. on 7 Dec. 1820, and that of Mus. Doc. on 14 Jan. 1840.
At the instance of his friend, Dr. Claughton, then professor of poetry at Oxford, and for a long .period vicar of the parish church of Kidderminster, Marshall was induced in 1846 to resign his Oxford post in favour of that of organist and choir-master to St. Mary's, Kidderminster. In that town, which became his headquarters for the rest of his life, he devoted his spare time to giving instruction in music. He is spoken of as a fine organist, and as being specially admirable as a teacher and conductor. On various occasions he ​conducted the rehearsals of the Philharmonic Society in London with great success. His musical activity lasted throughout his life, for he was professionally engaged in Liverpool within a month of his death, which took place at Handsworth, Birmingham, on 24 Aug. 1875.
His published compositions were: 'Three' Canzonets,' London, 1825, and 'Cathedral Services,' Oxford, 1847. A manuscript of his music is preserved in the Music School at Oxford. He was the author of 'The Art of Heading Church Music,' Oxford, 1842. He edited in 1829, in collaboration with Alfred Bennett, 'A Collection of Cathedral Chants,' and published at Oxford in 1840 'A Collection of Anthems used in the Cathedral and Collegiate Churches of England and Wales,' to which an appendix was added in 1851; it reached a fourth edition in 1862.
His younger brother, Charles Ward Marshall (1808–1876), born in 1808, achieved some success on the London stage as a tenor singer about 1835, under the assumed name of Manvers. In 1842 he turned his attention to concert and oratorio singing, in which he met with greater approbation. Some six or eight years afterwards he withdrew from public life, and died at Islington on 22 Feb. 876.
[Grove's Dict. of Music, ii. 221; Brown's Biog. Dict. of Music, p. 416; Cat. of Oxford Graduates, p. 438; Musical World, liii. 607; Brit. Mus. Catalogues.]
R. F. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Marshall, William (fl.1630-1650)

1904 Errata appended.
​MARSHALL, WILLIAM (fl. 1630–1650), the most prolific of the early English engravers, worked throughout the reign of Charles I. He confined himself entirely to the illustration of books, and the portraits and title-pages which he executed for Moseley and other booksellers are extremely numerous. Some of Marshall's plates are engraved with miniature-like delicacy and finish, and have a pleasing effect; but the majority, probably on account of the low rate of remuneration at which he was compelled to work, are coarse and unsatisfactory; the portraits in Fuller's 'Holy State,' 1642, are particularly poor. From the monotony in the style of his ornaments it is concluded that Marshall worked chiefly from his own designs. Among his many portraits, which are valued on account of their scarcity and historical interest, the best are those of John Donne at the age of eighteen (frontispiece to his 'Poems,' 1635); John Milton at the age of twenty-one, with some Greek lines by the poet, in which he sarcastically alludes to the elderly appearance which Marshall has given him ('Juvenile Poems,' 1645); Shakespeare ('Plays,' 1640); Francis Bacon ('Advancement of Learning,' 1640); Charles I on horseback; Sir Thomas Fairfax on horseback, after E. Bower, 1647; Archbishop Ussher; Nathaniel Bernard, S.T.P.; Charles Saltonstall ('Art of Navigation,' 1642); Sir Robert Stapylton (translation of Strada's 'De Bello Belgico,' 1650); Joannes Banfi; and Bathusa Making, governess to Princess Elizabeth. At the Sykes sale Marshall's portrait of William Alexander, earl of Stirling ('Recreation of the Muses,' 1637) fetched twenty guineas, and that of Margaret Smith, lady Herbert (the only impression known), twenty-five guineas. The title-page to Braithwait's 'Arcadian Princess,' 1635, is perhaps the best of his plates of that class, and the emblematical frontispiece to Εἰκών Βασιλικὴ, 1648, the most familiar.
[Walpole's Anecdotes of Painting; Strutt's Dict. of Engravers; Dodd's Memoirs of English Engravers, in Brit. Mus. Add. MSS. 33403.]
F. M. O'D.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.195 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
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# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Marshall, Walter

​MARSHALL, WALTER (1628–1680), Presbyterian divine, born at Bishop Wearmouth, Durham, 15 June 1628, was the son of Walter Marshall, curate of that place from 1619 to 1629. At the age of eleven he was elected a scholar of Winchester College. He proceeded thence to New College, Oxford, where he graduated B.A. and was elected a fellow 1650. From 15 Dec. 1657 to 1661 he was a fellow of Winchester (Kirby, Winchester Scholars). In 1661 he was presented to the living of Hursley, four miles from Winchester. The patron, Richard Major, father of Richard Cromwell's wife, was a peaceable country sauire who 'did not like sectaries' (Cromwell s Letters), and the connection between him and Marshall was soon dissolved. He was ejected by the Act of Uniformity in 1662, but soon after settled as minister of an independent congregation at Gosport.
Marshall experienced much mental disquiet before he attained peace of mind. The works of Baxter, which he studied deeply, produced in him a profound melancholy. He appealed to their author and to Dr. Thomas Goodwin [q. v.], who replied that he took them too 'legally.' He died at Gosport, Hampshire, shortly before August 1680. His funeral sermon was preached by Samuel Tomlyns, M. A., of Andover, and was printed, with a dedication to Lady Anne Constantine and Mrs. Mary Fiennes, and with an epistle to the inhabitants of Gosport and the county of Southampton, dated 23 Aug. 1680.
Marshall's chief work, 'The Gospel Mystery of Sanctification,' was not published till 1692. A short preface, signed 'N. N.,' and dated (in the 2nd edit. 1714) 21 July 1692, furnishes a few details of his life. A 'Recommendatory Letter,' by James Hervey (1714-1758) [q. v.] dated 5 Nov. 1756, is prefixed to the6th edit. 1761. In his 'Theron and Aspasio,' Hervey also speaks highly of Marshall's work, saying that 'no man knows better the human heart than he,' and mentions it as the first book after the Bible that he would choose if banished to a desert island. Joseph Bellamy of New England made large quotations from 'The Gospel Mystery' in his 'Letters and Dialogues between Theron, Paulinus, and Aspasio,' London, 1761, as also did Hervey in his 'Polyglott,' published the same year. Marshall's work became extremely popular, and numerous editions and abridgments have been published up to a recent date. The third large-type edition was published at Edinburgh, 1887.
An elder brother, John Marshall, was elected a scholar at Winchester in 1637, aged ​twelve. He also become a fellow of New College in 1645, and was appointed rector of Morestead, Winchester. He died in 1670.
[Kirby's Winchester Scholars, pp. 12,178; Bogue and Bennett's Hist. of Dissenters, i. 454, which does not give the date of Marshall's death correctly; Calamy's Baxter, Lond. 1713, ii. 347; Woodward's Hist. of Hampshire, ii. 95, 127; Hervey's Works, Edinb. 1769, passim; registers of Bishop Wearmouth, per Archdeacon Long.]
C. F. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Marshall, William (1748-1833)

​MARSHALL, WILLIAM (1748–1833), violinist and composer, was born at Fochabers, Morayshire, on 27 Dec. 1748. For several years he occupied the position of house-steward and butler to the Duke of Richmond and Gordon, who in 1790 appointed him factor on his estate. From that year till 1817 Marshall lived on a farm of his own at Keithmore. He died at Newfield on 29 May 1833.
He published ‘Marshall's Scottish Airs, Melodies, Strathspeys, Reels, &c., for Pianoforte, Violin, and Violoncello,’ Edinburgh, 1821, second edition 1822; and a collection of strathspeys and reels, with a bass for violoncello or harpsichord. A second collection of Scottish melodies, reels, and strathspeys for pianoforte, violin, and violoncello was published posthumously in 1847. Several of his songs, of which ‘Of a' the airts the wind can blaw’ was the most popular, were Scottish dance tunes adapted to poetry. He is said to have ‘played his airs to the delight of all who ever heard him.’
[Brown's Biog. Dict. of Music, p. 415; Irving's Book of Scotsmen, p. 336; Brit. Mus. Cat. of Music.]
R. F. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Grimstone, Elizabeth

​GRIMESTONE, ELIZABETH (d. 1603). [See Grimston.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Grindal, William

​GRINDAL, WILLIAM (d. 1548), tutor to Queen Elizabeth, and friend of Roger Ascham, probably came from Cumberland, like Archbishop Grindal, but we know nothing of his family or birthplace. He went to St. John's College, Cambridge, as a poor student, and became a favourite pupil of Ascham, in whose rooms he lived and studied for seven years (Ascham, Epist. i. 5). Ascham praises him as surpassing all his contemporaries in character, intelligence, memory, and judgment combined, while as a Greek scholar he ranks him as the equal of Cheke and Smith (ib. ii. 15). He was admitted a fellow of St. John's on 14 March 1543 (Baker, Hist. of ​St. John's, ed. Mayor, i. 284), and probably at the end of 1546 was summoned to court at Cheke's recommendation to act as tutor to the Lady Elizabeth. Cheke had gone as tutor to Prince Edward in 1544 and had taken part in Elizabeth's education as well; but in December 1546 the children were separated and Elizabeth was sent to Enfield. It was probably at this time that Grindal entered upon his duties, and it says much for his power as a teacher if he managed to teach Elizabeth anything during the time when in her fifteenth year she was beginning her career as a coquette under the guidance of Lord Thomas Seymour. However, before the scandal of this intrigue became notorious Grindal died of the plague in the summer of 1548, and was succeeded by his friend Ascham in his post as Elizabeth's tutor.
[Besides the Letters of Ascham referred to above, ii. 19, 20 are written to Grindal, and 21 to Elizabeth about him. Their contents have been summarised by Strype, Life of Grindal, p. 4; Cooper's Athenæ Cantabr. i. 94.]
M. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Grinfield, Edward William

​GRINFIELD, EDWARD WILLIAM (1785–1864), biblical scholar, was the son of Thomas Grinfield and Anna Joanna, daughter of Joseph Foster Barham of Bedford, and brother of Thomas Grinfield [q. v.] He was born in 1785, and was a schoolfellow of Thomas de Quincey [q. v.] at Winkfield, Wiltshire. He entered Lincoln College, Oxford, proceeded B.A. 1806, M.A. 1808, and was ordained in the same year by the Bishop of Lincoln. After studying in the Temple he became minister of Laura Chapel, Bath; afterwards he removed to London, where he occasionally preached at Kensington, and wrote many pamphlets, articles, and reviews, all favouring extreme orthodoxy. In 1859 he founded and endowed a lectureship at Oxford on the Septuagint. Grinfield died at Brighton on 9 July 1864, and is buried in Hove churchyard. His works are: 1. ‘Reflections on the Connection of the British Government with the Protestant Religion,’ 1807. 2. ‘The Crisis of Religion,’ 1811, and with ‘Strictures on Mr. Lancaster's System of Popular Education,’ 1812. 3. ‘Reflections upon the Influence of Infidelity and Profaneness on Public Liberty, with a Plan for National Circulating Libraries,’ 1817. 4. ‘Connection of Natural and Revealed Theology,’ 1818. 5. ‘Cursory Observations upon the Lectures in Physiology, Zoology, and Natural History of Man, by Mr. Laurence,’ 2nd edition, 1819. 6. ‘Sermons on the Parables,’ 1819. 7. ‘The Researches of Physiology,’ 1820. 8. ‘Thoughts on Lord Brougham's Education Bill,’ 1821. 9. ‘Vindiciæ Anglicanæ, Letter to Dr. Copleston on his Inquiry into the Doctrine of Necessity and Predestination, with a second part,’ 1822. 10. ‘Sermon on Paley's Exposition of the Law of Honour,’ 1824. 11. ‘The Doctrinal Harmony of the New Testament,’ 1824. 12. ‘A Reply to Mr. Brougham's Practical Observations upon the Education of the People,’ 1825. 13. ‘The Nature and Extent of the Christian Dispensation with reference to the Salvability of the Heathen,’ 1827. 14. ‘A Scriptural Inquiry into the Nature and Import of the Image and Likeness of God in Man,’ 1830. 15. ‘Sketches of the Danish Mission on the Coast of Coromandel,’ 1831. 16. ‘Christian Sentiments suggested by the Present Crisis; or, Civil Liberty founded upon Self-Restraint,’ 1831. 17. ‘Reflections after a Visit to the University of Oxford,’ on the proceedings against R. D. Hampden [q. v.], 1836. 18. ‘The Chart and Scale of Truth,’ 1840. 19. ‘Novum Testamentum Græcum. Editio Hellenistica,’ 1843. 20. ‘Scholia Hellenistica in Novum Testamentum,’ &c., 1848. 21. ‘An Expostulatory Letter to the Right Rev. Bishop Wiseman on the Interpolated Curse in the Vatican Septuagint,’ 1850. 22. ‘An Apology for the Septuagint,’ 1850. 23. ‘The Jesuits: an Historical Sketch,’ 1851, 1853. 24. ‘The Christian Cosmos: the Son of God the revealed Creator,’ 1856.
[Hist. of Preaching, ed. R. Eden, 1880; Page's De Quincey, i. 43, ii. 305, 343; Walford's Men of the Time, 1862, 5th edition; Letters from C. V. Grinfield (his nephew) and H. Coxwell (his son-in-law); Brit. Mus. Cat.; various newspaper cuttings.]
N. D. F. P.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Grinfield, Thomas

​GRINFIELD, THOMAS (1788–1870), divine and hymn-writer, son of Thomas Grinfield and brother of Edward William Grinfield [q. v.], was born at Bath in 1788, and educated at Wingfield, near Trowbridge, and afterwards at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he proceeded B.A. 1811. He was ordained 1813. He married his first cousin, Mildred Foster Barham; became curate at St. Sidwell's, Exeter; then rector of Shirland, Derbyshire; he subsequently resided at Clifton, and was for twenty-three years curate in charge of St. Mary-le-Port, Bristol. He died at Clifton on 8 April 1870, and was buried in the cemetery at Weston-super-Mare. Though he published little, his compositions were numerous, especially his sermons. Studious and contemplative, he mingled little with society. He was an accomplished scholar and poet. His works are: ‘Epistles and Miscellaneous Poems’(1815), ‘The Omnipotence of God, with other Sacred Poems’ (1824), ‘The Visions of Patmos’ (1827), ‘A Century of Original Sacred Songs,’ 'Sacred Poems,’ ​‘Fifty Sermons by Robert Hall, from Grinfield's Notes,’ 1843, dedicated to Dr. Chalmers, ‘The Moral Influence of Shakespeare's Plays’ (1850), ‘The History of Preaching’ (ed. Canon Eden, 1880, with preface and memoir), and a multitude of small poems and lectures, many of which were published in the ‘Weston Mercury.’ There remain unpublished several manuscripts, especially a valuable series of theological lectures.
[Hist. of Preaching, ed. R. Eden, 1880; Page's Life of De Quincey, 1877, i. 44, 344; R.S.S. in Weston Mercury, 3 March 1888.]
N. D. F. P.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Grisoni, Giuseppe

1904 Errata appended.
​GRISONI, GIUSEPPE (1692–1769), painter, son of a painter at Florence, was a pupil of Tommaso Redi. He travelled and studied at Venice and Rome, and at the latter place was employed by John Talman, who subsequently brought him over to England in 1715. Here Grisoni remained some years, practising as a history and portrait painter, and also designing illustrations for books, many of which were engraved. His portraits were much esteemed; among them was one of Colley Cibber (now at the Garrick Club), which was engraved in mezzotint by J. Simon. In 1720 he was a subscriber to Cheron and Vanderbank's drawing academy in St. Martin's Lane. In 1728 Grisoni, finding his business decline, sold his pictures by auction and returned to Rome with his wife, a lady of good birth and fortune related to the family of St. John. He resided for many years in Rome, and obtained great repute in Italy. There is a full-length seated portrait of him in the Gallery of Painters at Florence, engraved by G. B. Cecchi. He died at Rome in 1769.
[Vertue's MSS. (Brit. Mus. Add. MS. 23076); Lanzi's Hist. of Painting in Italy; Nagler's Künstler-Lexikon.]
L. C.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.143 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
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# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Grimston, William Luckyn

​GRIMSTON, WILLIAM LUCKYN, first Viscount Grimston (1683–1756), born in 1683, was the second son of Sir William Luckyn, by Mary, daughter of William Sherrington, and was adopted as heir by his great-uncle, Sir Samuel Grimston [q. v.] On Sir Samuel's death in 1700 William Luckyn succeeded to the Grimston estates, and assumed the surname. In 1710 he was returned as ​member of parliament for St. Albans, the seat formerly held by Sir Samuel Grimston, and again in 1713 and 1715. On the death of his elder brother Sir Harbottle Luckyn in 1710, the Luckyn baronetcy devolved on him, and on 29 May 1719 he was created a peer of Ireland, with the titles Baron Dunboyne and Viscount Grimston. Grimston is best known by a play which he published in 1705, 'The Lawyer's Fortune, or Love in a Hollow Tree.' This composition, in which occurs the line, 'Let's here repose our wearied limbs till wearied more they be,' was deservedly ridiculed. Swift introduced the author in his verses 'On Poetry, a Rhapsody,' and Pope in his lines on Gorhambury (Sat. ii. 176) calls him 'booby Lord.' Grimston himself, after publishing two editions of the play, one anonymously, withdrew the book from circulation. It was, however, reprinted at Rotterdam in 1728, and again in London in 1736. The story goes that the Duchess of Marlborough, when using her influence to oppose Grimston at an election for St. Albans, was responsible for this last edition, which she distributed broadcast among the electors. The author's name was not printed, but the edition was embellished by a dedication to 'The Right Sensible, the Lord Flame,' a frontispiece showing an ass wearing a coronet, and a head-piece depicting an elephant on a tight-rope. Forty-five years afterwards Johnson related the story to Lord Charlemont. The truth of the anecdote is very doubtful. The Duchess of Marlborough certainly quarrelled with Grimston over the election of 1734, but there was no vacancy at St. Albans in 1736. There is no doubt that the edition of that year was due to somebody's malice. 'Walpole, Baker, Whincop, Nichols, and others, who have wished to set off Grimston's parliamentary and domestic virtues against his literary folly, have urged in his defence that the play was written when he was only thirteen years old, and that its publication was probably due to his parents' vanity. They give as the date of his birth 1692, but he was certainly born in 1683. Grimston died 15 Oct. 1756, aged 73. He married Jane, daughter of James Cooke, citizen of London, and by her, who died 12 March 1765, he was the father of nineteen children. He was succeeded in the title and estates by his second son, James (1711-1773). His grandson, James Walter (1775-1845), was created first Earl of Verulam 24 Nov. 1815.
A. V.