OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# St. Nicholas/Volume 40/Number 5/Nature and Science/Sugar

How the trade-winds help to make our sugar
Sugar is the principal product of the little island of Barbados, and, to grind it, the people have A windmill used in grinding sugar-cane. built many big windmills, closely resembling those used in Holland. Barbados is near the ​north coast of South America, and far to the east of all the other islands of the West Indies, where the strong trade-winds sweep in from the Atlantic Ocean, and for many months blow constantly in one direction. The people use these steady winds, and, with many windmills, have harnessed them to do the work of the island. The mill shown in our picture turns slowly day after day, grinding the sap from the great loads of cane that are drawn in from the fields by the faithful oxen. We owe much to the trade-winds, for they blew Columbus surely and safely on his course across the Atlantic, till he landed on a little island in the West Indies, and discovered the new world. Also the same useful trade-winds blew the big merchant ships across the ocean, before the days of steamships, and made possible the commerce of the world.
A. K. Dawson.
# St. Nicholas/Volume 40/Number 5/Nature and Science/Valve

A water-valve nine feet in diameter
The small, sixteen-inch valve on the side of the large valve is what we call a by-pass valve, and which, when opened, relieves the pressure, so that the large gate can be opened more easily.
The opening of these great valves is so large that, if a floor were laid inside it, a forty-horse- power automobile could run into or through it.
# St. Nicholas/Volume 40/Number 5/Nature and Science/Andromeda

The great nebula in Andromeda Photographed through a forty-inch refractor telescope. Exposure four hours.
The great nebula in Andromeda
Its nature was long a baffling subject, even after the spectroscope was applied to its study, because of the extreme difficulty of the observations. But the spectroscope finally prevailed, and we now look upon it as a magnificent system of stars, a universe possibly on the plan of our own stellar system, and at an enormous distance from us. Much has yet to be learned concerning its nature before we can decide definitely on its make-up and real magnitude. It seems definitely proved, however, that it is not a great mass of gas like the great nebula of Orion.
Edward Emerson Barnard,
Astronomer of the Yerkes Observatory,
University of Chicago.
# St. Nicholas/Volume 40/Number 5/Nature and Science/Bent

Bent by the sun
The towering Washington monument, solid as it is, cannot resist the heat of the sun, poured on its The Washington Monument, and in the foreground, its reflection in the water. Courtesy of The Pennsylvania Railroad. southern side on a midsummer’s day, without a slight bending of the gigantic shaft, which is rendered perceptible by means of a copper wire, 174 feet long, hanging in the center of the structure, and carrying a plummet suspended in a vessel of water. At noon in summer the apex of the monument, 550 feet above the ground, is shifted, by expansion of the stone, a few hundredths of an inch toward the north. High winds cause perceptible motions of the plummet, and in still weather delicate vibrations of the crust of the earth, otherwise unperceived, are registered by it.—Scientific American.
# St. Nicholas/Volume 40/Number 5/Nature and Science/Horses

“Watered” the horses from his hat
Our host, forest ranger John L. Stillwell, had taken us for a long drive to spend a day with the black bass in one of the numerous lakes of the Itasca Reserve. We had just enjoyed our dinner in the cool, airy shade of young birches and alders, when our host arose with a troubled look on his face. “Now think of that!” he remarked, much displeased with himself. “I hauled a boat and a lot of stuff out here, and forgot to bring a pail for my horses; and the shore of the lake He used his hat as a pail. and the bank of the stream are too marshy for leading them to water. But I guess I ’ll find a way.”
As he led the first horse to the old corduroy bridge, I turned my camera upon it. It took some time to satisfy the two horses, but the improvised pail proved entirely satisfactory. D. Lange.
# St. Nicholas/Volume 40/Number 5/Nature and Science/Venus

In a telescope, Venus shows phases similar o hose of the moon.
The planet Venus
Venus is but little smaller than the earth, being 7700 miles in diameter. We, perhaps, never see the real surface of Venus (as we do in the case of Mars). It has a very dense atmosphere, which is believed to be constantly filled with clouds which hide from us a view of the planet’s surface. Nothing is known definitely as to the length of its day. Some astronomers believe that it always presents one face to the sun, so that any beings upon it would have eternal day or eternal night, according to their location on the planet. Other astronomers believe that the ​length of the day of Venus is not much different from that of our own day. One thing is certain, it has a dense atmosphere, like the earth. Its year is 225 of our days.
# St. Nicholas/Volume 40/Number 5/Nursery Pet

* related authors: Reginald Bathurst Birch.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Commons category, taxonomy, Wikidata item.
# Sweeney v. Woodall

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.

## Concurring Opinion

    Frankfurter

## Dissenting Opinion

    Douglas
United States Supreme Court
344 U.S. 86
Sweeney v. Woodall
Argued: Nov. 17, 1952. --- Decided: Jan 5, 1953
See 344 U.S. 916, 73 S.Ct. 332.
Mr. Frank T. Cullitan and Gertrude M. Bauer, Cleveland, Ohio, for petitioner.
Mr. Frank C. Lyons, Cleveland, Ohio, for respondent.
PER CURIAM.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Sweeney v. United States

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
109 U.S. 618
Sweeney v. United States
[Syllabus from page 618 intentionally omitted]
[Statement of Case from pages 618-620 intentionally omitted]
T. W. Bartley and M. I. Southard, for appellant.
Asst. Atty. Gen. Maury, for appellee.
WAITE, C. J.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Sweeney v. Woodall/Concurrence Frankfurter

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
* Concurring Opinion Frankfurter
* Dissenting Opinion Douglas
United States Supreme Court
344 U.S. 86
Sweeney v. Woodall
Argued: Nov. 17, 1952. --- Decided: Jan 5, 1953
Mr. Justice FRANKFURTER, concurring.
I join in the Court's opinion because I agree that due regard for the relation of the States, one to another, in our federal system and for that of the courts of the United States to those of the States requires that claims even as serious as those here urged first be raised in the courts of the demanding State. Even so, it is appropriate to emphasize that in this case there is no suggestion in the application for habeas corpus that the prisoner would be without opportunity to resort to the courts of Alabama for protection of his constitutional rights upon his return to Alabama. We cannot assume unlawful action of the prison officials which would prevent the petitioner from invoking the aid of the local courts nor readily open the door to such a claim. Compare Cochran v. State of Kansas, 316 U.S. 255, 62 S.Ct. 1068, 86 L.Ed. 1453. Our federal system presupposes confidence that a demanding State will not exploit the action of an asylum State by indulging in outlawed conduct to a returned fugitive from justice.
Mr. Justice DOUGLAS, dissenting.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Sweeney v. Errving

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
228 U.S. 233
Sweeney v. Errving
Argued: February 28, 1913. --- Decided: April 7, 1913
Mr. Lorenzo A. Bailey for plaintiff in error.
Messrs. Charles L. Frailey and A. S. Worthington for defendant in error.
Mr. Justice Pitney delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Sweeney v. United States/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
United States Supreme Court
109 U.S. 618
Sweeney v. United States
This judgment is affirmed on the authority of Kihlberg v. U.S. 97 U.S. 398. It was provided in the contract that payment for the wall was not to be made until some officer of the army, civil engineer, or other agent, to be designated by the United States, had certified, after inspection, 'that it was in all respects as contracted for.' The officer of the army designated under this authority expressly refused to give the necessary certificate, on the ground that neither the material nor the workmanship were such as the contract required. The court below found that there was neither fraud nor such gross mistake as would necessarily imply bad faith, nor any failure to exercise an honest judgment on the part of the officer in making his inspections. The appellant was notified of the defective character of the material and that it would not be accepted before he put it into the wall, and after he had completed his work the wall which he constructed was taken down by order of the quartermastergeneral, and a new one made of other material built in its place.
Judgment affirmed.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Sing a Song o' Shipwreck

* information about this edition.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
He lolled on a bollard, a sun-burned son of the sea, With ear-rings of brass and a jumper of dungaree, "'N' many a queer lash-up have I seen," says he.
"But the toughest hooray o'the racket," he says, "I'll be sworn, 'N' the roughest traverse I worked since the day I was born, Was a packet o' Sailor's Delight as I scoffed in the seas o' the Horn.
"All day long in the calm she had rolled to the swell, Rolling through fifty degrees till she clattered her bell: 'N' then came snow, 'n' a squall, 'n' a wind was colder 'n hell.
"It blew like the Bull of Barney, a beast of a breeze, 'N' over the rail come the cold green lollopin' seas, 'N' she went ashore at the dawn on the Ramirez.
"She was settlin' down by the stern when I got to the deck, Her waist was a smother o' sea as was up to your neck, 'N' her masts were gone, 'n' her rails, 'n' she was a wreck.
"We rigged up a tackle, a purchase, a sort of a shift, To hoist the boats off o' the deck-house and get them adrift, When her stern gives a sickenin' settle, her bows give a lift,
"'N' comes a crash of green water as sets me afloat With freezing fingers clutching the keel of a boat -- The bottom-up whaler -- 'n' that was the juice of a note.
"Well, I clambers acrost o' the keel 'n' I gets me secured, When I sees a face in the white o' the smother to looard, So I gives 'im a 'and, 'n' be shot if it wasn't the stooard!
"So he climbs up forrard o' me, 'n' 'thanky,' a' says, 'N' we sits 'n' shivers 'n' freeze to the bone wi' the sprays, 'N' I sings 'Abel Brown,' 'n' the stooard he prays.
"Wi' never a dollop to sup nor a morsel to bite, The lips of us blue with the cold 'n' the heads of us light, Adrift in a Cape Horn sea for a day 'n' a night.
"'N' then the stooard goes dotty 'n' puts a tune to his lip, 'N' moans about Love like a dern old hen wl' the pip -- (I sets no store upon stooards -- they ain't no use on a ship).
"'N' mother, the looney cackles, 'come 'n' put Willy to bed!' So I says 'Dry up, or I'll fetch you a crack o' the head'; 'The kettle's a-bilin',' he answers, ''n' I'll go butter the bread.'
"'N' he falls to singin' some slush about clinkin' a can, 'N' at last he dies, so he does, 'n' I tells you, Jan, I was glad when he did, for he weren't no fun for a man.
"So he falls forrard, he does, 'n' he closes his eye, 'N' quiet he lays 'n' quiet I leaves him lie, 'N' I was alone with his corp, 'n' the cold green sea and the sky.
"'N' then I dithers, I guess, for the next as I knew Was the voice of a mate as was sayin' to one of the crew, 'Easy, my son, wi' the brandy, be shot if he ain't comin'-to!'"
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
The longest-living author of this work died in 1967, so this work is in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 56 years or less. This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Sing a Song of Sixpence

* related portals: Nursery rhymes.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Commons category, quotes, textbook, taxonomy, Wikidata item.
English nursery rhyme, perhaps originating in the 18th century. It is also listed in the Roud Folk Song Index as number 13191.
* "Sing a Song of Sixpence" in Tommy Thumb's Pretty Song Book by Nurse Lovechild (1744)
* Sing a Song for Sixpence, picture book by Randolph Caldecott (c. 1890).
* "Sing a Song of Sixpence" in A Book of Nursery Songs and Rhymes (ed.) by Sabine Baring-Gould (1895).
* "The Song of Sixpence" in The Baby's Opera (1900)
* "Sing a Song of Sixpence" in The Real Mother Goose (1916)
# Singal v. General Motors Corporation

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
502 U.S. 1125
Singal v. General Motors Corporation
No. 90-1877

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Singal v. General Motors Corporation/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
The motion for leave to file petition for rehearing is denied.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Singer & Sons v. Union Pacific Railroad Company (311 U.S. 295)

United States Supreme Court
311 U.S. 295
Singer & Sons v. Union Pacific Railroad Company
Argued: Nov. 14, 15, 1940. --- Decided: Dec 16, 1940
[Syllabus from pages 295-297 intentionally omitted]
Messrs. Ruby D. Garrett and John M. Cleary, both of Kansas City, Mo., for petitioners L. Singer & Sons and others.
Messrs. William E. Kemp and John M. Cleary, both of Kansas City, Mo., for petitioner Kansas City, Mo.
Messrs. Henry N. Ess, of Kansas City, Mo., and Thomas W. Bockes, of Omaha, Neb., for respondent Union Pac. R. Co.
Mr. Justice McREYNOLDS delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Tamil Proverbs/நு

நு.

## நுட்ப புத்திமான் திட்ப சித்திவான்.

    The shrewed are successful.

## நுண்ணிய ஞானம் உரைப்பார்கள் சொன்னதில் ஒன்றும் நடவார்கள்.

    They give wise counsels, but they themselves walk not according to any one of them.

## நுண்ணிய கருமமும் எண்ணித் துணி.

    Although a small thing, do it after due thought.

## நுண்பொருள் கொடுத்து நுண்ணியராவர்.

    They become possessed of discrimination by imparting instruction on abstruse subjects.

## நுண்மை நுகரேல்.

    Be not particular in food.

## நுரை ஒத்ததுவே தரையிற் பவுஷு.

    The affluence of this world is as froth.

## நுரையைத் தின்றால் பசிபோகாது.

    Hunger cannot be satisfied by eating froth.

## நுழை விட்டு செய் நூல் கற்று அடங்கு.

    Build a house with an entrance, acquire learning and be humble.

## நுளையன் அறிவானா ரத்தினத்தின் பெருமை?

    Does a fisherman understand the value of gems?

## துளையன் பேச்சு அம்பலம் ஏறாது.

    The words of a fisherman will not reach the assembly.

## நுனிக்கொம்பில் ஏறி அடிக்கொம்பு வெட்டுவார்களா?

    Having ascended to the extremity of the bough, will they sever it from the tree?
# Tamil Proverbs/நே

நே.

## நேத்திர மணியே சூத்திர அணியே.

    The apple of the eye, is an ingenious piece of mechanism.

## நேயமே நிற்கும்.

    Love alone will abide.

## நேரா நோன்பு சீர் ஆகாது.

    Fasting without a vow is not good.

## நேர்ந்து நேர்ந்து சொன்னாலும் நீசக் கசடர் வசம் ஆகார்.

    Though repeatedly told, the base take no heed.

## நேர்பட ஒழுகு.

    Behave evenly or agreeably.

## நேற்று வந்த மொட்டைச்சி நெய் வார்த்து உண்ணச் சிணுங்குகிறாள்.

    The bald headed woman who came but yesterday, is whining for ghee to eat with her rice.

## நேற்று வந்தானாம் குடி; அவன் தலையில் விழுந்ததாம் இடி.

    It is said that he took up his abode only yesterday, and he has been struck by lightning.
# Tamil Proverbs/நூ

நூ.

## நூல் இல்லாமல் மாலை கோத்ததுபோல.

    Like making a garland of flowers without a string.

## நூல் கற்றவனே மேலவன் ஆவான்.

    The learned only will gain eminence.

## நூறு ஆண்டு ஆகிலும் கல்வியை நோக்கு.

    Though a hundred years old, diligently acquire knowledge.

## நூறு குற்றம் ஆறு பிழை கொண்டு பொறுக்கவேண்டும்.

    A hundred offences must be forgiven as if only six faults.

## நூறுநாள் ஓதி ஆறுநாள் விடத் தீரும்.

    The learning acquired in a hundred days, will be lost by six days neglect.

## நூறோடு நூறு ஆகிறது நெய்யிலே சுடடி பணிகாரம்.

    Though the debt may increase to another hundred, bake the cakes in ghee.

## நூற்றுக்கு இருந்தாலும் கூற்றுக்கு அரிகீரை.

    Though a hundred years old, he is only a young plant to the regent of the dead.

## நூற்றுக்கு இருப்பார் ஐம்பதில் சாகார்.

    Those who will live to be a hundred, will not die at fifty.

## நூற்றுக்குமேல் ஊற்று, ஆயிரத்துக்குமேல் ஆற்றுப்பெருக்கு.

    After a hundred a spring, after a thousand a flooded river.

## நூற்றுக்கு ஒரு பேச்சு ஆயிரத்துக்கு ஒரு தலை அசைப்பு.

    When he is worth a hundred, a word, when a thousand, a mere nod.

## நூற்றைக் கெடுத்தது குறுணி.

    One measure of chaff spoiled a hundred of grain,

## நூன்முறை தெரிந்து சீலத்தொழுகு.

    Ascertaining the rules of the Veda, live virtuously.
# Tamil Proverbs/நொ

நொ.

## நொடிப்போதும் வீணிடேல்.

    Lose not even a moment of time.

## நொண்டி நொண்டி நடப்பானேன் கண்டதற்கு எல்லாம் படைப்பானேன்?

    Why walk limping, and why offer oblations, to every god you see?

## நொண்டிக் குதிரைக்குச் சறுக்கினது சாக்கு.

    To slip is the excuse of the lame horse.

## நொந்த கண் இருக்க நோகாக் கண்ணுக்கு மருந்து.

    Applying medicine to the sound eye, instead of to the one diseased.

## நொந்து அறியாதவர் செந்தமிழ் கற்றோர்.

    Those who are well versed in classical Tamil know not want.

## நொய் யரிசி கொதி பொறுக்குமா?

    Will bruised rice bear boiling?

## நொறுங்கத் தின்றார்க்கு நூறு வயது.

    Those who masticate their food, live a hundred years.
# Tamil Proverbs/நோ

நோ.

## நோகாது உணர்வோர் கல்வியை நோற்பார்.

    Those who study unmindful of the pains attending it are devoted to learning.

## நோகாமல் அடிக்கிறேன் ஓயாமல் அழு.

    I will beat you without giving pain, set up an unceasing cry.

## நோக்கத்தொதுங்கு.

    Be careful to secure your object.

## நோக்க நோக்குவ நோக்காமுன் நோக்குவன்.

    He whom we seek to see, has already seen us.

## நோயற்ற வாழ்வே வாழ்வு குறைவற்ற செல்வமே செல்வம்.

    Freedom from sickness is true happiness, and competence is true riches.

## நோயாளிக்கு ஆசை வார்த்தை சொன்னாற்போல.

    Like uttering soothing words to a sick person.

## நோயாளி விதியாளி ஆனால் பரிகாரி பேராளி ஆவான்.

    If destiny favours the patient, his doctor will obtain fame.

## நோயாளிக்குத் தெரியும் நோயின் வருத்தம்.

    The sick person knows the intensity of his suffering.

## நோய் கொண்டார் பேய்கொண்டார்.

    The sick are like those possessed of demons.

## நோய்ஞ்சற் பூனை மத்தை நக்குமாபோலே.

    As a lean cat licks the churnstaff.

## நோய்த்த புலி ஆகிலும் மாட்டுக்கு வலிது.

    Though the chetah is sick, it is stronger than on ox.

## நோலாமையினால் மேலானதுபோம்.

    By neglecting religious austerities supreme good will be lost.

## நோவு ஒரு பக்கம் இருக்கச் சூடு ஒரு பக்கம் போட்டாற்போல.

    Like branding the side that is not affected by disease.

## நோன்பு என்பது கொன்று தின்னாமை

    Not to take life for the purpose of eating, is to fast.
# Tamil Proverbs/நீ

நீ.

## நீசரானவர் நிலைபெறக் கல்லார்.

    The base do not persevere in study.

## நீட்டு வித்தை ஏறாது.

    Boasted learning will not avail.

## நீண்ட கை நெருப்பு அள்ளும்.

    The stretched hand will lade out fire.

## நீண்ட தச்சும் குறுகிய கொல்லும்.

    Length to the carpenter, shortness to the smith.
    The former can easily shorten wood by cutting, the smith can lengthen iron by heating.

## நீண்ட புல் நிற்க நிழலாமா?

    Will long grass afford a shade?
    A ready affirmation would answer this in central Africa.

## நீதி அற்ற பட்டணத்தில் நிறைமழை பெய்யுமா?

    Will sufficient rain fall in a city where justice cannot be obtained?

## நீதி கேளாமல் தலை வெட்டுவார்களா?

    Will they cut off the head without judicial proceedings?

## நீதிமான் தீவினை செய்யிற் பிழைப்பானா, நீதி இல்லாதவன் நீதி புரிந்தால் மரிப்பானா?

    Will a virtuous man escape death if he do evil, will the unjust die if he do justice?

## நீ நீராலே விலகினாய் நான் நெருப்பாலே விலகினேன்.

    You have escaped an accident by water, I have escaped one by fire.

## நீந்தமாட்டாதவனை ஆறு கொண்டுபோகிறது.

    The river carries away him who cannot swim.

## நீ பிறர்க்கு உதவி செய்தால் தெய்வம் உனக்கு உதவி செய்யும்.

    If you help others, God will help you.

## நீரகம் பொருந்திய ஊரகத்திரு.

    Live in a village where there is a good supply of water.

## நீரில் எழுத்தாகும் ஆக்கை.

    The body is an inscription on water.

## நீரிற் குமிழி சரீரம்.

    The body is a bubble on water.

## நீரும் கொல்லும் நெருப்பும் கொல்லும்.

    Water kills, and fire also kills.

## நீரை அடித்தால் வேறாமா?

    Can water be divided by a stroke?

## நீரைச் சிந்தினையோ சீரைச் சிந்தினையோ?

    Did you spill water, or did you spill your character?

## நீர் ஆழம் காணலாம் நெஞ்சு ஆழம் காணப்படாது.

    The depth of water may be ascertained, but not the depth of the heart.

## நீர் உயர நெல் உயரும்.

    As the water rises, the rice plant rises.

## நீர் உள்ள மட்டும் மீன்குஞ்சு துள்ளும்.

    The young fish will sport as long as the water lasts.

## நீர் என்று சொன்னால் நெருப்பு அவியுமா?

    Can fire be quenched by pronouncing the word water?

## நீர் என்று சொல்ல நெருப்பாய் முடிந்தது.

    When it was said to be water, it turned out to be fire.

## நீர்க்குட் பாசிபோல் வேர்க்கொள்ளாது.

    As moss in water, it will not take root.

## நீர் போனால் மீன் துள்ளுமா?

    When the water goes, will the fish leap about?

## நீர்மேற் குமிழிபோல் நிலை இல்லாக் காயம்.

    The body is unstable as a bubble on water.

## நீர் விளையாடேல்.

    Do not play in water.

## நீலத்துக்குக் கறுப்பு ஊட்டவேண்டுமா?

    Is black dyed in blue?

## நீலம் கட்டுப்படப் பேசுகிறது.

    To speak so as to confine the blue dye to the skirts of the cloth.

## நீலிக்குக் கண்ணீர் நிமையிலே.

    A termagant has her tears in the eyelids.