# The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma/Mammalia

THE FAUNA OF BRITISH INDIA,
INCLUDING
CEYLON AND BURMA.
Published under the Authority of the Secretary of State for India in Council.
EDITED BY W. T. BLANFORD
MAMMALIA.
BY
W. T. BLANFORD, F.R.S.
LONDON:
TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET.
BERLIN: R. FRIEDLANDER & SOHN, 11 CARLSTRASSE. 1888–91.
PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS,
RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET.
PREFACE.
The first part of this volume, containing the Introduction, Primates, Carnivora, and Insectivora, was published at the end of June 1888. The delay of more than three years in completing the work has been caused by the necessity of devoting a large portion of my time to the editing of the five volumes belonging to the same series that have appeared since the first part of the present work was issued.
The Mammalia of British India, inclusive of Ceylon and Burma, here enumerated and described, just exceed 400 in number. Jerdon's 'Mammals of India,' published in 1867, contained descriptions of 242 species; but the area as now defined considerably exceeds the limits adopted by Jerdon, who excluded from his work all forms peculiar to Ceylon or Burma, and to all countries north of the main Himalayan range, west of the Indus, or east of the Bay of Bengal and of a line drawn northwards from the head of it. The greatest advance since Jerdon wrote, in our knowledge of Indian Mammals, has been in the orders of Chiroptera, Insectivora, and Rodentia, whilst the order with which, at the present time, our acquaintance is most imperfect is that of Cetacea.
In Sterndale's 'Natural History of the Mammalia of India and Ceylon,' published in 1884, the number of species is 482; but some of these are not found in British Territory, and ​several of the forms enumerated, now that better series of specimens have been collected, are no longer regarded as distinct.
Some acknowledgment of the assistance afforded to me in the preparation of the present work will be found in the Introduction. To the list of those who have aided in the publication should be added the Trustees of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, to whom I am indebted for the use of the cuts prepared for Dobson's 'Monograph of Asiatic Chiroptera' and for the opportunity of comparing in London some specimens belonging to the Indian Museum, I must also express my particular obligation to Prof. W. H. Flower, Director of the Natural History Collection in the British Museum, for advice and information with regard to the Cetacea; to Mr. R. Lydekker for aid in preparing the account of the Ungulata; to Mr. W. L. Sclater for advance sheets of his Catalogue of Mammalia in the Indian Museum, and for notes on specimens in the Calcutta Collections; and to Mr. Oldfield Thomas, of the British Museum, for assistance and information of every kind, most freely afforded throughout the progress of the work, in connection with the Mammalian Collections under his supervision.
There is another acknowledgment that should perhaps have been made before, but for which the present affords a good occasion. If, as I hope, the present series of works is found useful by Indian naturalists, they will I am sure wish that the names of those who took the first steps in bringing the want of new Handbooks of Indian Zoology to the notice of the Government of India should not remain unrecorded.
The need for new and revised descriptive works had, for some years before 1881, been felt and discussed amongst naturalists in India, but the attention of the Government was, I believe, first called to the matter hy a memorial dated Sept. 15th of that year, prepared by Mr. P. L. Sclater, the well-known Secretary of the Zoological Society, signed by ​Mr. Charles Darwin, Sir J. Hooker, Professor Huxley, Sir J. Lubbock, Prof. W. H. Flower, and by Mr. Sclater himself, and presented to the Secretary of State for India. This memorial recommended the preparation of a series of Handbooks of Indian Zoology and my appointment as Editor. It is scarcely necessary to add that to the recommendation of men so highly respected and so well known in the world of Science the publication of the present 'Fauna of British India' is greatly due, and that Mr. Sclater is entitled to the thanks of all interested in the Zoology of India for the important part he took in the transaction. I can only express a hope that the present series as a whole may be worthy of the distinguisbed support to which, in so great a degree, it owes its origin.
With the publication of this part six out of the seven volumes in which it was originally proposed to describe the Vertebrata of British India have been completed. The remaining volume of Birds will be undertaken at once. I am glad to be able to announce that the 'Fauna of British India' will not be confined to Vertebrata, the preparation of three volumes on Moths by Mr. G. F. Hampson having been commenced.
W. T. BLANFORD.
November 30th, 1891.
* SYSTEMATIC INDEX.
* Page
* Class MAMMALIA............................................................1
* Subclass EUTHERIA............................................................2
* Order I. PRIMATES............................................................3
* Suborder Anthropoidea............................................................3
* Fam. Simiidæ............................................................4
* 1. Hylobates, Ill.............................................................5
* 1. hoolock (Harl.)............................................................5
* 2. lar (Linn.)............................................................7
* Fam. Cercopithecidæ............................................................10
* Subfam. Cercopithecinæ............................................................10
* 1. Macacus, Lacép.............................................................11
* 1. rhesus (Andeb.)............................................................13
* 2. assamensis, McClell.............................................................15
* 3. silenus (Schreb.)............................................................16
* 4. arctoides, Is. Geoffr............................................................17
* 5. leoninus (Blyth)............................................................18
* 6. nemestrinus (Linn.)............................................................20
* 7. cynomolgus (Schreb.)............................................................21
* 8. sinicus (Linn.)............................................................23
* 9. pileatus (Shaw)............................................................24
* Subfam. Semnopithecinæ............................................................25
* 1. Semnopithecus, F. Cuv.............................................................25
* 1. entellus (Dufr.)............................................................27
* 2. schistaceus, Hodgs.............................................................30
* 3. priamus, Elliot............................................................31
* 4. hypoleucus, Blyth............................................................33
* 5. johni (Fisch.)............................................................33
* 6. cephalopterus (Zimm.)............................................................34
* 7. senex (Erxl.)............................................................35
* 8. ursinus (Blyth)............................................................36
* 9. pileatus, Blyth............................................................37
* 10. chrysogaster, Licht.............................................................38
* 11. barbei (Blyth)............................................................39
* 12. phayrei (Blyth)............................................................39
* 13. obscurus, Reid............................................................41
* 14. femoralis, Horsf.............................................................42
* Suborder Lemuroidea............................................................43
* Fam. Lemuridæ............................................................43
* 1. Nycticebus, Geoffr.............................................................44
* 1. tardigradus (Linn.)............................................................44
* 2. Loris, Geoffr.............................................................47
* 1. gracilis, Geoffr.............................................................47
* Order II. CARNIVORA............................................................49
* Suborder Fissipedia............................................................50
* Æluroidea............................................................53
* Fam. Felidæ............................................................53
* 1. Felis, Linn.............................................................55
* 1. leo, Linn.............................................................56
* 2. tigris, Linn.............................................................58
* 3. pardus, Linn.............................................................67
* 4. uncia, Schreb.............................................................71
* 5. nebulosa, Griffith............................................................72
* 6. marmorata, Martin............................................................74
* 7. temmincki, Vig. & Horsf.............................................................75
* 8. viverrina, Benn.............................................................76
* 9. bengalensis, Kerr............................................................78
* Page
* 10. rubiginosa, Is. Geoffr.............................................................81
* 11. manul, Pall.............................................................83
* 12. ornata, Gray............................................................84
* 13. torquata, F. Cuv.............................................................85
* 14. chaus, Güld.............................................................86
* 15. caracal, Güld.............................................................88
* 16. lynx, Linn.............................................................89
* 2. Cynælurus, Wagl.............................................................90
* 1. jubatus (Schreb.)............................................................91
* Fam. Viverridæ............................................................94
* Subfam. Viverrinæ............................................................95
* 1. Viverra, Linn............................................................95
* 1. zibetha, Linn.............................................................96
* 2. civettina, Blyth............................................................98
* 3. megaspila, Blyth............................................................99
* 2. Viverricula, Hodgs.............................................................100
* 1. malaccensis (Gmel.)............................................................100
* 3. Prionodon, Horsf.............................................................102
* 1. pardicolor, Hodgs.............................................................103
* 2. maculosus, Blanf.............................................................104
* 4. Paradoxurus, F. Cuv.............................................................105
* 1. niger (Desm.)............................................................106
* 2. hermaphroditus (Pall.)............................................................108
* 3. aureus, F. Cuv.............................................................110
* 4. jerdoni, Blanf.............................................................111
* 5. grayi, Benn.............................................................112
* 5. Arctogale, Pet.............................................................114
* 1. leucotis (Blyth)............................................................115
* 6. Arctictis, Temm.............................................................117
* 1. binturong (Raffl.)............................................................118
* Subfam. Herpestinæ............................................................119
* 1. Herpestes, Ill.............................................................119
* 1. auropunctatus (Hodgs.)............................................................121
* 2. birmanicus, Blanf.............................................................122
* 3. mungo (Gmel.)............................................................123
* 4. smithi, Gray............................................................126
* 5. fuscus, Waterh.............................................................127
* 6. fulvescens, Kelaart............................................................127
* 7. vitticollis, Benn.............................................................128
* 8. urva (Hodgs.)............................................................129
* Fam. Hyænidæ............................................................131
* 1. Hyaæa, Briss.............................................................131
* 1. striata, Zimm.............................................................132
* Cynoidea............................................................134
* Fam. Canidæ............................................................134
* 1. Canis, Linn.............................................................135
* 1. lupus, Linn.............................................................135
* 2. pallipes, Sykes............................................................137
* 3. aureus, Linn.............................................................140
* 2. Cyon, Hodgs.............................................................142
* 1. dukhunensis (Sykes)............................................................143
* 2. rutilans (S. Müll.)............................................................147
* 3. Vulpes, Briss.............................................................147
* 1. bengalensis (Shaw)............................................................148
* 2. cana, Blanf.............................................................150
* 3. leucopus, Blyth............................................................151
* 4. alopex (Linn.)............................................................153
* 5. ferrilatus, Hodgs.............................................................155
* Arctoidea............................................................156
* Fam. Mustelidæ............................................................156
* Subfam. Mustelinæ............................................................157
* 1. Mustela, Linn.............................................................157
* 1. flavigula, Bodd.............................................................158
* 2. foina, Erxl.............................................................159
* 2. Putorius, Cuv.............................................................162
* 1. larvatus, Hodgs.............................................................163
* 2. sarmaticus (Pall.)............................................................164
* 3. erminea (Linn.)............................................................165
* 4. subhemachalanus (Hodgs.)............................................................166
* 5. canigula (Hodgs.)............................................................167
* 6. alpinus (Gebl.)............................................................168
* 7. cathia (Hodgs.)............................................................169
* 8. strigidorsus (Hodgs.)............................................................170
* Subfam. Melinæ............................................................172
* 1. Helictis, Gray............................................................172
* 1. orientalis (Horsf.)............................................................173
* 2. personata (Geoff.)............................................................174
* 2. Mellivora, Storr............................................................175
* 1. indica (Kerr)............................................................176
* 3. Arctonyx, F. Cuv.............................................................178
* 1. collaris, F. Cuv.............................................................178
* 2. taxoides, Blyth............................................................180
* Subfam. Lutrinæ............................................................181
* 1. Lutra, Erxl.............................................................181
* 1. vulgaris, Erxl.............................................................182
* Page
* 2. ellioti, Anders.............................................................185
* 3. aureobrunnea, Hodgs.............................................................186
* 4. leptonyx, Horsf.............................................................187
* Fam. Procyonidæ............................................................189
* 1. Ælurus, F. Cuv.............................................................189
* 1. fulgens, F. Cuv.............................................................190
* Fam. Ursidæ............................................................192
* 1. Ursus, Linn.............................................................193
* 1. arctus, Linn.............................................................194
* 2. torquatus, Wagn.............................................................197
* 3. malayanus, Raffl.............................................................199
* 2. Melursus, Meyer............................................................200
* 1. ursinus (Shaw)............................................................201
* Order III. INSECTIVORA.............................................................206
* Suborder Insectivora vera............................................................207
* Fam. Tupaiidæ............................................................207
* 1. Tupaia, Raffl.............................................................208
* 1. ellioti, Waterh.............................................................209
* 2. ferruginea, Raffl .............................................................210
* 3. nicobarica (Zel.)............................................................212
* Fam. Erinaceidæ............................................................212
* Subfam. Erinaceinæ............................................................213
* 1. Erinaceus, Linn.............................................................213
* 1. collaris, Gray & Hardw.............................................................215
* 2. megalotis, Blyth............................................................216
* 3. jerdoni, Anders.............................................................216
* 4. pictus, Stol.............................................................217
* 5. micropus, Blyth............................................................218
* Subfam. Gymnurinæ............................................................219
* 1. Gymnura, Horsf. & Vig.............................................................219
* 1. rafflesi, Horsf. & Vig.............................................................220
* 2. suilla (Müll. & Schley.)............................................................221
* Fam. Talpidæ............................................................222
* 1. Talpa, Linn.............................................................223
* 1. europæa, Linn.............................................................224
* 2. micrura, Hodgs.............................................................225
* 3. leucura, Blyth............................................................226
* Fam. Soricidæ............................................................227
* 1. Soriculus, Blyth............................................................228
* 1. nigrescens (Gray)............................................................229
* 2. caudatus (Hodgs.)............................................................230
* 3. macrurus (Hodgs.)............................................................231
* 2. Crocidura Wagl.............................................................231
* 1. murina (Linn.)............................................................238
* 2. cærulea (Kerr)............................................................236
* 3. macropus (Blyth)............................................................237
* 4. bidiana, Anders.............................................................238
* 5. rubicunda, Anders.............................................................239
* 6. leucogenys, Dobs.............................................................239
* 7. dayi, Dobs.............................................................240
* 8. hodgsoni (Blyth)............................................................240
* 9. perrotteti (Duvern.)............................................................241
* 10. fuliginosa (Blyth)............................................................242
* 11. horsfieldi (Tomes)............................................................242
* 12. fumigata (De Fil.)............................................................243
* 13. aranea (Linn.)............................................................243
* 3. Anurosorex, A. M.-Edw.............................................................244
* 1. assamensis, Anders.............................................................244
* 4. Chimarrogale, Anders.............................................................245
* 1. himalayica (Gray)............................................................245
* 5. Nectogale, A. M.-Edw.............................................................246
* 1. elegans, A. M.-Edw.............................................................247
* Suborder Dermoptera............................................................248
* Fam. Galeopithecidæ............................................................248
* 1. Galeopithecus, Pall.............................................................248
* 1. volans (Linn.)............................................................249
* Order IV. CHIROPTERA............................................................251
* Suborder Megachiroptera............................................................255
* Fam. Pteropodidæ............................................................255
* 1. Pteropus, Briss.............................................................255
* 1. medius, Temm.............................................................257
* 2. edulis, Geoff.............................................................259
* 3. nicobaricus, Fitz.............................................................260
* 2. Xantharpyia, Gray............................................................261
* 1. amplexicaudata (Geoff.)............................................................261
* Page
* 3. Cynopterus, Cuv.............................................................262
* 1. marginatus (Geoff.)............................................................263
* 2. brachyotus, Müll.............................................................264
* 3. scherzeri (Fitz.)............................................................264
* 4. brachysoma, Dobs.............................................................264
* 5. blanfordi, Thom.............................................................265
* 4. Carponycteris, Lydek.............................................................265
* 1. minima (Geoff.)............................................................265
* 5. Eonycteris, Dobs.............................................................266
* 1. spelæa (Dobs.)............................................................266
* Suborder Microchiroptera............................................................267
* Fam. Rhinolophidæ............................................................267
* Subfam. Rhinolophinæ............................................................268
* 1. Rhinolophus, Desm.............................................................268
* 1. luctus, Temm.............................................................270
* 2. cœlophyllus, Pet.............................................................272
* 3. trifoliatus, Temm.............................................................272
* 4. mitratus, Blyth............................................................273
* 5. pearsoni, Horsf.............................................................273
* 6. affinis, Horsf.............................................................274
* 7. andamanensis, Dobs.............................................................275
* 8. petersi, Dobs.............................................................275
* 9. macrotis, Hodgs.............................................................276
* 10. minor, Horsf.............................................................276
* 11. hipposiderus (Bechst.)............................................................277
* 12. ferrum-equinum (Schreb.)............................................................278
* 13. tragatus, Hodgs.............................................................279
* Subfam. Hipposiderinæ............................................................280
* 1. Hipposiderus, Gray............................................................281
* 1. tridens (Geoff.)............................................................282
* 2. armiger (Hodgs.)............................................................283
* 3. leptophyllum (Dobs.)............................................................284
* 4. diadema (Geoff.)............................................................284
* 5. nicobarensis (Dobs.)............................................................286
* 6. galeritus, Cantor............................................................287
* 7. speoris (Schn.)............................................................287
* 8. larvatus (Horsf.)............................................................288
* 9. bicolor (Temm.)............................................................289
* 10. amboinensis (Pet.)............................................................290
* 2. Cœlops, Blyth............................................................290
* 1. frithi, Blyth............................................................291
* Fam. Nycteridæ............................................................292
* 1. Megaderma, Geoff.............................................................292
* 1. lyra, Geoff.............................................................293
* 2. spasma (Linn.)............................................................294
* Fam. Vespertilionidæ............................................................295
* 1. Plecotus, Geoff.............................................................297
* 1. auritus (Linn.)............................................................297
* 2. Synotus, Keys. & Blas.............................................................298
* 1. darjelingensis (Hodgs.)............................................................298
* 3. Otonycteris, Pet.............................................................299
* 1. hemprichi, Pet.............................................................300
* 4. Vesperugo, Keys. & Blas.............................................................300
* 1. serotinus (Schreb.)............................................................303
* 2. nasutus, Dobs.............................................................304
* 3. borealis (Nilss.)............................................................305
* 4. discolor (Natt.)............................................................305
* 5. atratus (Blyth)............................................................306
* 6. pachyotis, Dobs.............................................................307
* 7. pachypus (Temm.)............................................................307
* 8. noctula (Schreb.)............................................................308
* 9. leisleri (Kuhl)............................................................309
* 10. mordax, Pet.............................................................310
* 11. affinis (Dobs.)............................................................311
* 12. circumdatus (Temm.)............................................................312
* 13. ceylonicus (Kelaart)............................................................312
* 14. abramus (Temm.)............................................................313
* 15. pipistrellus (Schreb.)............................................................314
* 16. kuhli (Natt.)............................................................315
* 17. annectens (Dobs.)............................................................316
* 17 a. tylopus, Dobs.............................................................602
* 18. tickelii (Blyth)............................................................317
* 19. blanfordi, Dobs.............................................................317
* 5. Nycticejus, Rafin.............................................................318
* 1. dormeri (Dobs.)............................................................319
* 2. kuhli (Leach)............................................................320
* 3. emarginatus, Dobs.............................................................321
* 4. pallidus (Dobs.)............................................................322
* 5. ornatus, Blyth............................................................322
* 6. Harpyiocephalus, Gray............................................................323
* 1. tubinaris, Scully............................................................324
* 1 a. auratus, A. M.-Edw.............................................................602
* 1 b. feæ, Thom.............................................................602
* 2. griseus (Hutton)............................................................325
* 3. harpyia (Temm.)............................................................325
* 4. cyclotis (Dobs.)............................................................326
* 5. leucogaster (A. M.-Edw.)............................................................327
* 7. Vespertilio, Linn.............................................................328
* 1. hasselti, Temm.............................................................330
* 2. longipes, Dobs.............................................................331
* 3. daubentoni, Leisl.............................................................331
* 4. megalopus, Dobs.............................................................332
* 5. nipalensis, Dobs.............................................................333
* 6. murinus, Linn.............................................................334
* 7. dobsoni, Trouessart............................................................335
* 8. formosus, Hodgs.............................................................335
* 9. mystacinus, Leisl.............................................................336
* 10. muricola, Hodgs.............................................................337
* Page
* 8. Cerivoula, Gray............................................................338
* 1. picta (Pall.)............................................................339
* 2. hardwickii (Horsf.)............................................................340
* 3. papillosa (Temm.)............................................................341
* 9. Miniopterus, Bon.............................................................341
* 1. schreibersi (Kuhl)............................................................342
* Fam. Emballonuridæ............................................................343
* Subfam. Emballonurinæ............................................................344
* 1. Emballonura, Temm.............................................................344
* 1. semicaudata (Peale)............................................................345
* 2. Taphozous, Geoff.............................................................345
* 1. melanopogon, Temm.............................................................347
* 2. theobaldi, Dobs.............................................................348
* 3. longimanus, Hardw.............................................................348
* 4. cachhensis, Dobs.............................................................349
* 5. saccolæmus, Temm.............................................................350
* 3. Rhinopoma, Geoff.............................................................350
* 1. microphyllum, Geoff.............................................................351
* Subfam. Molossinæ............................................................352
* 1. Nyctinomus, Geoff.............................................................353
* 1. tragatus, Dobs.............................................................353
* 2. plicatus (Buch.)............................................................354
* Order V. RODENTIA............................................................356
* Suborder Simplicidentata............................................................357
* Fam. Sciuridæ............................................................358
* Subfam. Sciurinæ............................................................359
* 1. Eupetaurus, Thom.............................................................359
* 1. cinereus, Thom.............................................................359
* 2. Pteronys, Cuv.............................................................360
* 1. oral, Tick.............................................................361
* 2. inornatus, Geoff.............................................................363
* 3. magniticus (Hodgs.)............................................................364
* 4. yunnanensis, Anders.............................................................364
* 5. caniceps (Gray)............................................................365
* 6. punctatus, Gray.............................................................365
* 3. Sciuropterus, F. Cuv.............................................................366
* 1. fimbriatus, Gray............................................................366
* 2. alboniger, Hodgs.............................................................367
* 3. sagitta (Linn.)............................................................367
* 4. spadiceus, Blyth............................................................368
* 5. fuscicapillus, Jerdon............................................................368
* 6. pearsoni, Gray............................................................369
* 4. Sciurus, Linn.............................................................369
* 1. indicus, Erxl.............................................................371
* 2. bicolor, Sparrm.............................................................373
* 3. macrurus, Penn.............................................................374
* 4. ferrugineus, F. Cuv.............................................................375
* 5. locria, Hodgs.............................................................376
* 6. rufigenis, Blanf.............................................................376
* 7. erythræeus, Pall.............................................................377
* 8. quinquestriatus, Anders.............................................................378
* 9. phayrei, Blyth............................................................379
* 10. pygerythrus, Geoff.............................................................379
* 11. caniceps, Gray............................................................380
* 12. griseimanus, A. M.-Edw.............................................................381
* 13. locroides, Hodgs.............................................................381
* 14. atridorsalis, Gray............................................................382
* 15. palmarum, Linn.............................................................383
* 16. tristriatus, Waterh.............................................................384
* 17. layardi, Blyth............................................................385
* 18. sublineatus, Waterh.............................................................385
* 19. macclellandi, Horsf.............................................................386
* 20. berdmorei, Blyth............................................................387
* Subfam. Arctomyinæ............................................................388
* 1. Arctomys, Schreb.............................................................388
* 1. himalayanus, Hodgs.............................................................388
* 2. hodgsoni, Blanf.............................................................389
* 3. caudatus, Jacquem.............................................................390
* Fam. Dipodidæ............................................................391
* 1. Alactaga, Cuv.............................................................391
* 1. indica, Gray............................................................392
* Fam. Muridæ............................................................393
* Subfam. Platacanthomyinæ............................................................394
* 1. Platacanthomys, Blyth............................................................394
* 1. lasiurus, Blyth............................................................394
* Subfam. Gerbillinæ............................................................396
* 1. Gerbillus, Desm.............................................................396
* 1. indicus (Hardw.)............................................................396
* 2. hurrianæ, Jerd.............................................................398
* 3. erythrura, Gray............................................................399
* 4. nanus, Blanf.............................................................399
* 5. gleadowi, Murr.............................................................400
* Page
* Subfam. Murinæ............................................................400
* 1. Hapalomys, Blyth............................................................401
* 1. longicaudatus, Blyth............................................................401
* 2. Vaudeleuria, Gray............................................................402
* 1. oleracea (Benn.)............................................................402
* 3. Chiropodomys, Pet.............................................................403
* 1. gliroides (Blyth)............................................................403
* 4. Mus, Linn.............................................................404
* 1. rattus, Linn.............................................................406
* var. alexandrinus, Geoff.............................................................407
* var. nitidus, Hodgs.............................................................407
* var. rufescens, Blyth............................................................407
* 2. concolor, Blyth............................................................408
* 3. decumanus, Pall.............................................................408
* 4. fulvescens, Gray............................................................409
* 5. bowersi, Anders.............................................................410
* 6. berdmorei, Blyth............................................................410
* 7. blanfordi, Thom.............................................................411
* 8. jerdoni (Blyth)............................................................411
* 9. niveiventer, Hodgs.............................................................412
* 10. chiropus, Thom.............................................................413
* 11. musculus, Linn.............................................................413
* 12. bactrianus, Blyth............................................................414
* 13. sublimis, Blanf.............................................................415
* 14. nitidulus, Blyth............................................................415
* 15. arianus, Blanf.............................................................416
* 16. buduga (Gray)............................................................416
* 17. cervicolor, Hodgs.............................................................417
* 18. platythrix, Benn.............................................................418
* 19. mettada (Gray)............................................................419
* 20. gleadowi, Murr.............................................................420
* 21. erythrotis, Blyth............................................................420
* 22. humei, Thom.............................................................421
* 5. Nesocia, Gray............................................................421
* 1. hardwickei (Gray)............................................................422
* 2. bengalensis (Gray & Hardw.)............................................................423
* 3. bandicota (Bechst.)............................................................425
* 4. nemorivaga (Hodgs.)............................................................426
* 6. Acomys, Is. Geoff.............................................................426
* 1. dimidiatus (Rüpp.)............................................................426
* 7. Golunda, Gray............................................................427
* 1. ellioti, Gray............................................................427
* Subfam. Cricetinæ............................................................428
* 1. Microtus, Schrank............................................................429
* 1. roylei (Gray)............................................................430
* 2. stoliczkanus (Blanf.)............................................................430
* 3. stracheyi (Thom.)............................................................431
* 4. wynnei (Blanf.)............................................................431
* 5. blanfordi (Scully)............................................................432
* 6. blythi (Blanf.)............................................................432
* 7. sikimensis (Hodgs.)............................................................433
* 8. melanogaster (A. M.-Edw.)............................................................434
* 2. Ellobius, Fisch.............................................................434
* 1. fuscicapillus (Blyth)............................................................435
* 3. Cricetus, Cuv.............................................................436
* 1. phæus (Pall.)............................................................436
* 2. fulvus, Blanf.............................................................437
* 3. isabellinus, De Fil.............................................................437
* Fam. Spalacidæ............................................................437
* 1. Rhizomys, Gray............................................................438
* 1. badius, Hodgs.............................................................438
* 2. pruinosus, Blyth............................................................439
* 3. sumatrensis (Raffl.)............................................................439
* Fam. Hystricidæ............................................................441
* 1. Hystrix, Linn.............................................................441
* 1. leucura, Sykes............................................................442
* 2. hodgsoni (Gray)............................................................444
* 3. bengalensis, Blyth............................................................444
* 2. Atherura, Cuv.............................................................445
* 1. macrura (Linn.)............................................................446
* Suborder Duplicidentata............................................................447
* Fam. Leporidæ............................................................447
* 1. Lepus, Linn.............................................................448
* 1. nigricollis, F. Cuv.............................................................449
* 2. ruficaudatus, Geoff.............................................................450
* 3. dayanus, Blanf.............................................................451
* 4. peguensis, Blyth............................................................451
* 5. tibetanus, Waterh.............................................................452
* 6. oiostolus, Hodgs.............................................................452
* 7. hypsibius, Blanf.............................................................453
* 8. hispidus, Pears.............................................................454
* Fam. Lagomyidæ............................................................455
* 1. Lagomys, Cuv.............................................................455
* 1. roylei, Ogil.............................................................456
* 2. curzoniæ, Hodgs.............................................................457
* 3. macrotis, Günth.............................................................457
* 4. rufescens, Gray............................................................458
* 5. ladacensis, Günth.............................................................458
* Page
* Order VI. UNGULATA............................................................460
* Subungulata............................................................462
* Suborder Proboscidea............................................................462
* Fam. Elephantidæ............................................................462
* 1. Elephas, Linn.............................................................462
* 1. maximus, Linn.............................................................463
* Ungulata vera............................................................467
* Suborder Perissodactyla............................................................467
* Fam. Equidæ............................................................468
* 1. Equus, Linn.............................................................468
* 1. hemionus, Pallas............................................................470
* Fam. Rhinoceritidæ............................................................471
* 1. Rhinoceros, Linn.............................................................471
* 1. unicornis, Linn.............................................................472
* 2. sondaicus, Cuv.............................................................474
* 3. sumatrensis, Cuv.............................................................476
* Fam. Tapiridæ............................................................478
* 1. Tapirus, Briss.............................................................478
* 1. indicus, Cuv.............................................................478
* Suborder Artiodactyla............................................................479
* Pecora............................................................481
* Fam. Bovidæ............................................................482
* 1. Bos, Linn.............................................................483
* 1. gaurus, Ham. Smith............................................................484
* 2. frontalis, Lambert............................................................487
* 3. sondaicus, Müll. & Schl.............................................................489
* 4. grunniens, Linn.............................................................490
* 5. bubalus, Linn.............................................................491
* 2. Ovis, Linn.............................................................493
* 1. hodgsoni, Blyth............................................................494
* 2. poli, Blyth............................................................496
* 3. vignei, Blyth............................................................497
* 4. nahura, Hodgs.............................................................499
* 3. Capra, Linn.............................................................501
* 1. ægagrus, Gmel.............................................................502
* 2. sibirica, Mey.............................................................503
* 3. falconeri (Hügel)............................................................505
* 4. Hemitragus, Hodgs.............................................................508
* 1. jemlaicus (Ham. Sm.)............................................................509
* 2. hylocrius (Ogilb.)............................................................511
* 5. Nemorhædus, Ham. Sm.............................................................512
* 1. bubalinus (Hodgs.)............................................................513
* 2. sumatrensis (Shaw)............................................................514
* 6. Cemas, Ogilby............................................................516
* 1. goral (Hardw.)............................................................516
* 7. Boselaphus, Blainv.............................................................517
* 1. tragocamelus (Pall.)............................................................517
* 8. Tetracerus, Leach............................................................519
* 1. quadricornis (Blainv.)............................................................519
* 9. Antilope, Pall.............................................................521
* 1. cervicapra (Linn.)............................................................521
* 10. Pantholops, Hodgs.............................................................524
* 1. hodgsoni (Abel)............................................................524
* 11. Gazella, Blainv.............................................................525
* 1. bennetti (Sykes)............................................................526
* 2. subgutturosa (Güld.)............................................................528
* 3. picticaudata (Hodgs.)............................................................529
* Fam. Cervidæ............................................................530
* Subfam. Cervinæ............................................................531
* 1. Cervulus, Blainv.............................................................531
* 1. muntjac (Zimm.)............................................................532
* 2. feæ, Thom. & Dor.............................................................534
* 2. Cervus, Linn.............................................................534
* 1. cashmirianus, Falc.............................................................535
* 2. duvauceli, Cuv.............................................................538
* 3. eldi, Guthrie............................................................541
* 4. unicolor, Bechst.............................................................543
* 5. axis, Erxl.............................................................546
* 6. porcinus, Zimm.............................................................549
* Subfam. Moschinæ............................................................551
* 1. Moschus, Linn.............................................................561
* 1. moschiferus, Linn.............................................................552
* Tragulina............................................................564
* Fam. Tragulidæ............................................................554
* 1. Tragulus, Briss.............................................................554
* 1. meminna (Erxl.)............................................................555
* 2. javanicus (Gmel.)............................................................556
* 3. napu (F. Cuv.)............................................................567
* Page
* Tylopoda............................................................558
* Suina............................................................559
* Fam. Suidæ............................................................559
* 1. Sus, Linn.............................................................559
* 1. cristatus, Wagn.............................................................560
* 2. andamanensis, Blyth............................................................562
* 3. salvanius (Hodgs.)............................................................563
* Order VII. CETACEA............................................................564
* Suborder Mystacocœti............................................................565
* Fam. Balænidæ............................................................565
* 1. Balænoptera, Lacép.............................................................566
* 1. indica, Blyth............................................................567
* 2. edeni, Anders.............................................................568
* Suborder Odontocœti............................................................569
* Fam. Physeteridæ............................................................570
* 1. Physeter, Linn.............................................................570
* 1. macrocephalus, Linn.............................................................571
* 2. Cogia, Gray............................................................572
* 1. breviceps (Blainv.)............................................................572
* Fam. Delphinidæ............................................................573
* 1. Phocæna, Cuv.............................................................574
* 1. phocænoides (Cuv.)............................................................574
* 2. Orca, Wagl.............................................................576
* 1. ? gladiator (Linn.)............................................................576
* 3. Globicephalus, Less.............................................................577
* 1. indicus, Blyth............................................................577
* 4. Orcella, Gray............................................................578
* 1. brevirostris (Ow.)............................................................578
* 2. fluminalis, Anders.............................................................579
* 5. Lagenorhynchus, Gray............................................................579
* 1. electra, Gray............................................................580
* 2. obscurum (Gray)............................................................580
* 6. Tursiops, Gerv.............................................................581
* 1. tursio (Fabr.)............................................................581
* 7. Steno, Gray............................................................582
* 1. frontatus (Cuv.)............................................................582
* 2. plumbeus (Duss.)............................................................583
* 3. perniger (Elliot)............................................................583
* 4. leutiginosus (Ow.)............................................................584
* 5. maculiventer (Ow.)............................................................585
* 8. Delpbinus, Linn.............................................................586
* 1. delphis, Linn.............................................................587
* 2. dussumieri, Blanf.............................................................588
* 3. malayanus, Less.............................................................588
* Fam. Platanistidæ............................................................589
* 1. Platanista, Wagl.............................................................589
* 1. gangetica (Lebeck)............................................................590
* Order VIII. SIRENIA............................................................592
* Fam. Manatidæ............................................................592
* 1. Halicore, Ill.............................................................593
* 1. dugong (Erxl.)............................................................594
* Order IX. EDENTATA............................................................595
* Suborder Squamata............................................................595
* Fam. Manidæ............................................................595
* 1. Manis, Linn.............................................................595
* 1. pentadactyla, Linn.............................................................597
* 2. aurita, Hodgs.............................................................599
* 3. javanica, Desm.............................................................599