OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Raynalde, Thomas

1904 Errata appended.
​RAYNALDE, THOMAS (fl. 1546), author, is styled ‘physitian’ in one of his extant books, and ‘Doc. of Phisick’ in another. In 1545 he edited ‘The Birth of Mankynde, otherwise called the Woman's Book,’ dedicated by the original writer, who is supposed to have been one Richard Jonas, to Queen Catherine [Parr], wife of Henry VIII, and illustrated by many copper cuts (1540). The work is a translation from the Latin of Eucharius Roesslin's ‘De partu hominis’ (Frankfort, 1532), and is noticeable as either the first or second book in English treating of midwifery, and certainly the first that was illustrated. It was reprinted, always in black letter, and with some variations as to the cuts, in 1545 (see Ames's Typogr. Antiq. ed. Herbert), 1564, 1565 (4to), 1598 (4to), 1604 (4to). The latest edition seems to be that of 1676. Raynalde's second book was ‘A Compendious Declaration of the Excellent Virtues of a certain lateli invented oile called for the worthnis thereof oile imperial, with the maner how the same is to be used to the benefite of mankinde against innumerable diseases. Written by Thomas Rainold, Doc. of Phisick. Virtute duce, comite fortuna,’ Venice, 1551. The epistle dedicatory is dated from Venice, 1 March, and is inscribed ‘to his singular friend Francis Mery, merchant, of the city of London.’ It notices the author's indebtedness to Mery, who had purchased from him a large quantity of the oil imperial.
A printer of the same name was well known in London between 1541 and 1555, and he printed the first of the two books of Thomas Raynalde, the physician. It is thence inferred that the two men were identical, and that the physician added the practice of a printer to that of the medical profession. The theory seems improbable. The printer and physician were doubtless kinsmen, but the name, which is equivalent to Thomas Reynolds, is of common occurrence. The printer dwelt at first in the parish of St. Andrew Wardrobe, but in 1549 kept shop at the Signe of the Star in St. Paul's Churchyard. In 1548 he issued an edition of Cranmer's ‘Confutation of Unwritten Verities,’ 8vo. He also issued Wyat's ‘Certaine Psalmes,’ and an edition of Matthew's Bible; in all, about thirty books bear his imprint. The last book he appears to have printed is dated 1555.
W. A. S.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.231 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 347 | i | 20 f.e. | Raynalde, Thomas: for In 1540 there appeared read In 1545 he edited |
| | | 18-17 f.e. | for the writer, whose initials, . . . . given, read the original writer, who is supposed to have been one Richard Jonas (1540), |
| | | 5 f.e. | omit in 1545 |
| | ii | 30 | after 8vo. insert He also issued Wyat's 'Certaine Psalmes' and an edition of Matthew's Bible. In all about thirty books bear his imprint. |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Rea, John

​REA, JOHN (d. 1681), nursery gardener, lived at Kinlet, near Bewdley, Worcestershire, of which he says in his ‘Flora’ (1676): ‘it is a rural district where it was my unhappiness to plant my stock.’ He is said to have had the largest collection of tulips in England, to have introduced some new plants, and to have planned the gardens at Gerard's Bromley, Staffordshire, the seat of Charles, fourth baron Gerard of Bromley, to whose son he dedicated his ‘Flora.’ He died in November 1681, bequeathing his holding at Kinlet to his daughter Minerva, wife of Samuel Gilbert [q. v.], author of the ‘Fons Sanitatis.’
Rea's only work appears to have been ‘Flora, seu de Florum Cultura, or a complete Florilege,’ with a second engraved title-page, ‘Flora, Ceres, and Pomona, in III. Books,’ London, 1665, fol. Of this a second impression, ‘with many additions,’ appeared in 1676, and was reissued, with a new title-page, in 1702. By Allibone, Watt, and others, John Rea has been confused with his great contemporary, John Ray [q. v.]
G. S. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Neville, John (1490?-1543)

​NEVILLE, JOHN, third Baron Latimer (1490?–1543), born about 1490, was eldest son of Richard Neville, second baron Latimer [q. v.] by Anne, daughter of Sir Humphrey Stafford. He came to court, where he was one of the gentlemen-pensioners, and owing to his family influence secured valuable grants from time to time. His father died before the end of 1530, and he had livery of his lands on 17 March 1531. He lived chiefly at Snape Hall, Yorkshire, but sometimes at Wyke in Worcestershire. His sympathies were doubtless with the old religion. He had taken part about 1517 in the investigation of the case of the Holy Maid of Leominster, and in 1536 he was implicated in the Pilgrimage of Grace. His action was not, however, very determined. It was rumoured that he was captured by the rebels, and he afterwards said of the part he had played, 'My being among them was a very painful and dangerous time to me.' He represented the insurgents, however, in November 1536 at the conferences with the royal leaders, and helped to secure the amnesty. He then returned home and, guided probably by his very prudent wife (Catherine Parr), he took no part in the Bigod rising of the following year [see art. Bigod, Sir Francis, and cf. State Papers, i. 534, v. 143]. He was not altogether allowed to forget his offences, and had to give up his town house in the churchyard of the Charterhouse to a friend of Lord Russell, thus losing the income he derived from letting it. He died early in 1543 in London, and was buried in St. Paul's Cathedral.
Latimer married: 1. On 20 July 1518, Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Edward Musgrave, by whom he had no issue. 2. Dorothy (d. 1526-7), daughter of Sir George de Vere, sister and coheiress of John de Vere, fourteenth earl of Oxford, by whom he had John, who succeeded him as Baron Latimer, died 1577, and was buried at St. Paul's, leaving by Lucy, daughter of Henry Somerset, earl of Worcester, four daughters and coheiresses, of whom Dorothy married Thomas Cecil, first earl of Exeter [q. v.] (cf. Green, Letters of Royal and Illustrious Ladies, iii. 313), and Margaret, whose marriage with one of the Bigod family was arranged in 1534. 3. Before 1533 Catherine, daughter of Sir Thomas Parr and widow of Edward, lord Borough of Gainsborough; she afterwards became wife of Henry VIII [see Parr, Catherine]. Lord Latimer's will is printed in 'Testamenta Vetusta,' p. 704.
W. A. J. A.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Neville, Jollan de

​NEVILLE, JOLLAN de (d. 1246), judge, was the younger son of Jollan de Neville (d. 1207), a clerk in the exchequer, who received a grant of Shorne in Kent in 1201, and was subsequently pardoned for some offence against the king. His mother was Amflicia de Rodliston or Rolleston, a Nottinghamshire manor which she brought as dowry, and subsequently passed, through the hands of her sons John and Jollan, to a descendant of the latter, also named Jollan, who was possessed of it in the reign of Edward III (Placita de Quo Warranto, p. 618). Jollan's elder brother John, who served for some time in Gascony, died in 1219, when Jollan did homage for his lands situate in the shires of York, Lincoln, and Nottingham. His mother was still living, and held Rolleston when the ‘Testa de Nevill’ was drawn up. Jollan was justice in eyre in Yorkshire and Northumberland in August 1234, in 1235, 1240, and again in November 1241 (Whitaker, Whalley, ii. 283, 389); but from the last year until Hilary 1245 he was a superior justice, sitting at Westminster. He died in 1246, when his son Jollan succeeded to his lands, being then twenty-two and a half years old, and afterwards receiving additional grants in the reign of Edward I (Archœol. Cantiana, ii. 295; Cal. Rot. Chartarum). A Jollan de Neville married Sarah, widow of John Heriz, in 1245, but this is almost certainly the judge's son.
Neville has often been claimed as the author of the ‘Testa de Nevill,’ an account of fees, serjeanties, widows and heiresses, churches in the gift of the king, escheats, and the sums paid for scutage and aid by each tenant. This work deals with a period previous to 1250, and one entry refers back as far as 1198, for which Neville could not have been responsible. It is very possible that the ‘Testa’ was the work of more than one author, and Neville's father, Jollan—who was, moreover, connected with the exchequer—probably compiled the early entries. It has also been attributed to Ralph de Neville, an official of the exchequer. The original manuscript of the ‘Testa’ is not known to be extant, but a copy of a portion consisting of five rolls made during the fourteenth century—formerly preserved in the chapter-house at Westminster—is now in the Record Office. In 1807 the record commis​sioners issued a volume which they entitled ‘Testa de Nevill.’ It prints a collection of mediæval manuscript registers in the Record Office, and this collection includes some excerpts apparently copied from an early draft of the original ‘Testa de Nevill.’ But these excerpts form a small part of the record commissioners' volume, and its title is therefore a misnomer. A comparison of these excerpts, moreover, with the chapter-house rolls of the genuine ‘Testa’ does not bear out the statement made by the record sub-commissioners, that there is an exact verbal agreement between the two (Sir Henry Barkly in Selby's Genealogist, v. 35–40, 75–80).
A. F. P.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Upham, Edward

​UPHAM, EDWARD (1776–1834), bookseller and orientalist, the third son of Charles Upham (1739–1807), mayor of Exeter in 1796, was born at Exeter in 1776. He began life as a bookseller in Exeter; his brother John carried on a similar business in Bath. Upham became a member of the corporation, was sheriff in 1807, and mayor of Exeter in 1809. He retired and published a couple of oriental romances of no great merit, besides two works on Buddhism of more permanent value. One laborious and useful task was the completion of the ‘Index to the Rolls of Parliament, comprising the Petitions, Pleas, and Proceedings of Parliament (A.D. 1278–A.D. 1503),’ commenced by John Strachey and John Pridden [q. v.], and published London, 1832, folio. He was a member of the Royal Asiatic Society, and a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London. Towards the end of his life he resided at Dawlish, where he was one of the charity trustees. He died at Bath on 24 Jan. 1834. He married, 25 Aug. 1801, Mary (d. 19 Oct. 1829), daughter of John Hoblyn, vicar of Newton St. Cyres and Padstow.
He wrote: 1. ‘Rameses: an Egyptian Tale, with Historical Notes of the Era of the Pharaohs,’ London, 1824, 3 vols. sm. 8vo (anonymous). 2. ‘Karmath: an Arabian Tale,’ London, 1827, sm. 8vo (anonymous). 3. ‘The History and Doctrine of Buddhism, popularly illustrated with Notices of the Kappooism or Demon Worship, and of the Bali, or Planetary Incantations of Ceylon, with 43 lithographic prints from original Singalese designs,’ London, 1829, folio. 4. ‘History of the Ottoman Empire from its Establishment till the year 1828,’ Edinburgh, 1829, 2 vols. sm. 8vo (Constable's Misc. vols. xl. and xli.). 5. ‘Historical and Descriptive Notices of China and its North-Western Dependencies,’ London, 1832 (from Gent. Mag. October 1832). 6. ‘The Mahávansi, the Rájá-Ratnácari, and the Rájá-vali, forming the Sacred and Historical Books of Ceylon; also a Collection of Tracts illustrative of the Doctrines and Literature of Buddhism, translated from the Singhalese,’ London, 1833, 3 vols. 8vo (edited by Upham).
H. R. T.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Upton, James

1904 Errata appended. Contains subarticle John Upton (1707–1760).
​UPTON, JAMES (1670–1749), schoolmaster, was born at Winslow, Cheshire, on 10 Dec. 1670. He was educated at Eton, and was elected a fellow of King's College, Cambridge, whence he graduated B.A. in 1697, M.A. in 1701. At the request of John Newborough, the headmaster, he returned to Eton as an assistant master (Harwood, Alumni Eton., p. 277).
Before 1711 Upton received the rectory of Brimpton, near Yeovil, and in 1712 the rectory of Monksilver, near Taunton, both from the Sydenham family. In 1724, at the request of Lord Powlett and other gentlemen, he removed from Eton to Ilminster, Somerset, where he took pupils until 1730, when he was appointed headmaster of Taunton grammar school. All his pupils went with him, and he so greatly raised the reputation of the school that it became the largest provincial school in England, having over two hundred boys. In 1731 he received the vicarage of Bishop's Hull, Somerset. He died at Taunton on 13 Aug. 1749. He married Mary, daughter of a Mr. Proctor of Eton, by whom he had issue six sons and two daughters. From his second daughter, Ann, is descended the present Tripp family of Huntspill and Sampford Brett, Somerset.
Upton edited Theodore Goulston or Gulston's ‘Poetics of Aristotle’ (1623), with selected notes, Cambridge, 1696; Dionysius of Halicarnassus, 1702 (reprinted 1728 and 1747); and Ascham's ‘Scholemaster,’ 1711 (reprinted 1743, 1761, and 1815). He published ‘A Selection of Passages from Greek Authors,’ 1726.
His second son, John (1707–1760), born at Taunton in 1707, was educated by his father and at Merton College, Oxford, where he matriculated in 1724. In 1728 he was elected fellow of Exeter, graduating B.A. 1730, M.A. 1732. He resigned his fellowship in 1736. In 1732 Lord Powlett gave him the rectory of Seavington with Donnington, Somerset; afterwards Earl Talbot gave him the rectory of Great Rissington, Gloucestershire; on 19 Jan. 1636–7 he was admitted prebendary of Rochester, and he also held the sinecure rectory of Landrillo, Denbigh. He died unmarried at Taunton on 2 Dec. 1760. Among his pupils at Oxford was the critic, Jonathan Toup [q. v.]. Upton published: 1. An excellent edition of Arrian's ‘Epictetus,’ 1739–41, incorporated in full by Schweighäuser in his edition of 1799. 2. Edition of Spenser's ‘Faerie Queen,’ 1758 (see T. Warton's Fifth Ode and The Observer Observed). 3. ‘Observations on Shakespeare,’ London, 1746 (2nd edit. 1748). The British Museum possesses editions of Aratus's ‘Phænomena,’ of the ‘Greek Anthology,’ and of the ‘Iliad,’ with many manuscript notes by John Upton.
E. C. M.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.269 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 39 | i | 10 f.e. | Upton, James: after 1761 insert and 1815 |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Uri, Joannes

​URI, JOANNES (1726–1796), orientalist, born in 1726 at Körös in Hungary, studied the oriental languages under J. J. Schultens at Leyden, where he took the degrees of Ph.D. and D.D., and published in 1761 a short treatise on Hebrew etymology called ‘Prima decas originum Hebræarum genuinarum,’ and also (for the Leyden library) an edition of the Arabic poem in honour of the prophet Mohammed called the ‘Burda,’ with a Latin translation and further notes on Hebrew etymology; this work he strangely dedicated ‘Deo ter O. M. atque amicis charissimis dilectissimis.’ In 1766, when the university of Oxford thought the time had come for a catalogue to be made of the oriental manuscripts which had been accumulating in the Bodleian Library for two hundred years, a savant was sought for in Holland to undertake this work, and by the advice of Sir Joseph Yorke (afterwards Baron Dever) [q. v.], then ambassador in the Netherlands, communicated to Archbishop Secker, Uri received an invitation to Oxford, where he was provided with a stipend and set to compile the required catalogue. After twenty years' preparation this catalogue appeared in 1787, bearing the title ‘Bibliothecæ Bodleianæ Codd. MStorum Orientalium videlicet Hebræorum, Chaldaicorum, Syriacorum, &c., Catalogus.’ Little praise, however, can be assigned it; besides numerous mistakes (corrected for the most part in the second volume of the catalogue by Nicoll and Pusey, which appeared in 1835), the arrangement is very faulty, different volumes of the same work frequently being registered many pages apart. While at Oxford he published an edition of some Persian and Turkish letters (1771), and also a short commentary on Daniel's Weeks with some other cruces of Old Testament exegesis. He is said to have given instruction in the oriental languages at Oxford, Joseph White [q. v.] being his most distinguished pupil. In his old age he was discharged by the delegates of the press, but by the kindness of Henry Kett [q. v.] and other friends he obtained a provision for his last years. He died at his lodgings in Oxford on 18 Oct. 1796.
D. S. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Unwona

​UNWONA (d. 800?), bishop of Leicester, described by Pits as ‘Cambro-Britannus,’ succeeded Eadbert as sixth bishop of that see some time after 781. He was present at a legatine council in 787, and was one of the witan of Offa [q. v.], king of Mercia, whose charters he attests during the remainder of his reign. His name also appears in two charters of Ecgfrith, Offa's son, but their genuineness is not above dispute. Unwona's name, however, reappears under Kenulf in 798 and 799. Matthew Paris says he was skilled in many languages, and was employed ​by Eadmer in translating into Latin ancient manuscripts, of which Leland conjectured that the ‘Life of St. Alban’ was one. He also represents Unwona as accompanying Offa at the invention and translation of St. Alban, but this, says Bishop Stubbs, ‘is fable.’ He died about 800, his successor, Werenbert, being appointed in or before 802.
[Dugdale's Monasticon; Wilkins's Concilia, i. 145; Le Neve's Fasti Eccl. Angl.; Kemble's Codex Diplomaticus; Petrie's Monumenta Hist. Brit.; Bale, ii. 33; Pits, p. 176; Tanner's Bibliotheca, p. 741; Haddan and Stubbs's Concilia; Dict. Chr. Biogr., art. by Bishop Stubbs.]
A. F. P.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Ure, David

​URE, DAVID (d. 1798), geologist, born at Glasgow, was the son of a weaver in that city. His father dying while he was still young, he was compelled to labour at his trade for the support of his mother. Resolving to enter the ministry, he obtained an education at the city grammar school, and afterwards at the university of Glasgow, where he graduated M.A. in 1776. His industry was great; he worked at his trade almost all night, studying his books while toiling at the loom. At the university he was a great favourite with the Greek professor, James Moor [q. v.] Dissuaded by him from wasting his energies on the first objects of his enthusiasm, perpetual motion and the philosopher's stone, he turned his attention to the undeveloped science of geology. While a student in divinity he was for some time assistant schoolmaster at Stewarton, and afterwards he taught a subscription school in the neighbourhood of Dumbarton. On 11 June 1783 he was licensed to preach by the presbytery of Glasgow, and afterwards became assistant to David Connell, minister of East Kilbride in Lanarkshire. During his residence in the parish he made careful researches into its history, and devoted himself more especially to the study of its mineral strata. He published the results of his labours in a volume entitled ‘The History of Rutherglen and East Kilbride’ (Glasgow, 1793, 4to), a work worthy especial notice as containing one of the first attempts to deal with the geological features of a small district in a scientific manner. On the death of Connell on 13 June 1790, Ure had some expectation of being appointed his successor, but, finding the parish not unanimous, he set off for Newcastle on foot, and acted for some time as assistant in the presbyterian church in the town. He remained there until he attracted the attention of Sir John Sinclair (1754–1835) [q. v.], who employed him in preparing the first sketches of the agricultural surveys of the counties of Roxburgh, Dumbarton, and Kinross for his ‘Statistical Account of Scotland.’ Ure's treatises were published separately by the London board of agriculture, the first two in ​1794 and the last in 1797. He superintended the publication of several of the later volumes of the ‘Statistical Account’ and drew up the general indices. In appreciation of his labours in December 1795 he was presented by David Stewart, earl of Buchan, to the parish of Uphall in Linlithgow. He was ordained on 14 July 1796, and died unmarried on 28 March 1798 at Uphall.
E. I. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Upton, Arthur

​UPTON, ARTHUR (1623–1706), Irish presbyterian leader, eldest son of Captain Henry Upton of Castle-Upton (formerly Castle-Norton), co. Antrim, by Mary, daughter of Sir Hugh Clotworthy and sister of Sir John Clotworthy [q. v.], was born at Castle-Upton on 31 May 1623. His father, a Devonshire man, had come into Ireland with Essex in 1599. Upton was a strong presbyterian [see O'Quinn, Jeremiah] and a strong royalist. He refused the ‘engagement,’ and by proclamation of 23 May 1653 was ordered to remove to Munster with other presbyterian landholders. The order came to nothing, and Upton was made a magistrate by Henry Cromwell. After the Restoration he was elected (1661) M.P. for Carrickfergus, and sat in the Irish parliament for forty years; on the disfranchisement of Carrickfergus by James II he was elected M.P. for co. Antrim. He took a very active part on the side of William III. In December 1688 he forwarded to Dublin Castle a copy of an anonymous letter seized at Comber, co. Down, and supposed to reveal a plot for the massacre of protestants. In January 1689 he attended the meeting of protestant gentry at Antrim Castle under his relative, Lord Massereene, was placed on the council of the protestant association for co. Antrim, and appointed to represent it on the supreme council of Ulster. He raised a regiment of foot, and, as its colonel, took part in the disastrous ‘break of Dromore’ (15 March 1689). He was attainted by James's Irish parliament in June 1689. With Patrick Adair [q. v.] and another he was sent to London (November 1689) with a loyal address from Ulster presbyterians to William III. His last public act was the promotion of a petition to the Irish House of Commons (14 March 1705) against the Test Act. He died late in 1706. An anonymous ‘elegy’ on him by James Kirkpatrick [q. v.] was printed at Belfast in 1707, 4to. His funeral sermon, also by Kirkpatrick, is said to have been published, but no copy is known. He married Dorothy, daughter of Michael Beresford of Coleraine, co. Derry, ​and had eight sons and ten daughters. He was succeeded in his estates by his fourth son, Clotworthy (b. 6 Jan. 1665, d. 6 June 1725), also M.P. for co. Antrim, who, as a presbyterian elder representing the congregation of Templepatrick, took a leading part on the conservative side in the Ulster non-subscription controversy. His sixth son, John (b. 19 April 1671), was father of Clotworthy Upton, first lord Templetown.
A. G.