# The Euahlayi Tribe/Index

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​INDEX
After Death—Passage of spirit to Byamee's sky-camp, or to a place of pain, xxvi, 90.
Alcheringa—mythic age of primal evolution, xvii.
All Father belief, see titles Byamee and Religious ideas.
Amusements of blacks, 127-133.
Ancestral spirits, domination of, among northern tribes, xvii.
Art, patrons of—-legend of Goolahwilleel, 131, 132.
Arunta—
Evolution, theory of, xv, xvii.
Haunted sacred stones, xx, xxi, xxv.
Inheritance, right of, reckoned in male line except in regard to totems, xiv.
Irreligion—no trace of 'All Father' belief, xiv, xv, xvi, xxv.
Magic, xiv, xv.
Marriage rules, xiii, xxi.
Atnatu belief of the Kaitish, xvii, xviii.
Babies, see Children.
Baby betrothal, 55.
Bachelors' camp, 61.
Baggage, carrying of, while on the march, 59.
Bahloo—
Eclipse, explanation of, 98.
Girl babies, manufacture of, 50.
Halo, 98.
Baiame, see Byamee.
Baillahburrah, 66.
Barley grass or Yarmmara, harvesting, 118.
Bathing, 125.
Beemunny, death of—description of funeral, etc, 83-89.
Bees in Paradise, 114.
Beewee totem (brown and ye11ow iguana), with list of multiplex totems, 16, 17.
Belah, forests of—haunted, 140.
Betrothals—baby betrothal, 55.
Birds—
Killing and trapping, 105, 106, 109.
Birrahgnooloo, wife of Byamee, 7, 78, 102.
Birrahmulgerhyerh, poison-stick distributing devils, 136.
Birth customs, 39, 40, 52.
Bogies of the bush, 135-139.
Bohrah (kangaroo) totem, 15, 82.
Boodther, meeting for receiving and giving presents, 81.
Boogahroo, lock of hair method of making a goowera effective, 32, 81.
Boogoodoogahdah, legend of a cannibal woman with hundreds of dogs, 101.
Boolees or whirlwinds, 83, 84, 138.
Boomerang, 123.
Boomerang-throwing, 127.
Boondoorr or dillee bag of a wirreenun—contents, 36, 37.
Boorah—manhood, initiation ceremonies—
Concealed from women, 59.
Curiosity prohibited—fate of two boys who looked up, 65, 71, 72, 73.
​Gayandi, or Boorah spirit, 62, 63, 64, 66, 67, 72.
Gradual initiation at successive Boorahs, 78, 79, 81.
Preliminaries—summoning of neighbouring tribes, preparations, etc., 62-69.
Presents presented to women relations of boys who had been initiated, 59.
Bootha, witch woman, 8, 42-49, 85.
Bower-bird's playground, 26.
Boyjerh, name for Byamee used by women and uninitiated, 4.
Boys—
Bralgah (native companion), extinct totem, 19.
Bridal bouquets, origin of, 57.
Buckandee (native cat) totem, with list of multiplex totems, 19.
Bullimah—Byamee's sky-camp, 91.
Bull-roarer, see Gayandi.
Bunbul—little Boorah ring, 64.
Burrahwahn (sandhill rat) totem, with list of multiplex totems, 19.
Bush walks with gins and piccaninnies, 113.
Bushmen and trackers, blacks as, 112.
Byamee or Baiame, 'The All Father,' xxvi, 2.
Boyjerh—name used by women and uninitiated, 4.
Byamee was to the Euahlayi what Alcheringa was to the Arunta, 6.
Concealment of belief from women and uninitiated, 6.
Fish-trap made by, alleged, 8, 102.
Fishing festival rules, 8.
Languages in which the name occurred, 4.
Manna, provision of, when drought threatened, 114.
Meaning and derivation of name, 4.
Origin of—
Totems, source of—totem name for each part of his body, etc., 7.
Traces of—-stone imprints, etc., 102.
Byamee's sky-camp, passage of the spirit after death, 90.
Byamee's song, 6, 79, 80.
Camp taboo, marking of, 94.
Cannibalism, 38, 73.
Canopus, legend of, 96.
Canton, Mr., 21.
Castor and Pollux—legend, 96.
Caves at Eurahbah—Birrahgnooloo's springs, 103.
Children—
Divorce—custody of children, 58.
Production of—
Euahlayi beliefs—
Spirits visible to babies, 46.
Churinga nanja belief, xx, xxv.
Circumcision, xiii, xvii.
Civilisation of Australian tribes—probably most backward of mankind, xi.
Climatic causes not the only factors in social and religious progress—Arunta and northern coastal tribes compared with south-eastern tribes, xv-xvii.
Clouds, etc., totems claiming, 16, 82.
Clouds of Magellan, legend, 97.
Clubs used in war, 124.
Coastal conditions—heavier rainfall, etc., causing social and religious progress, alleged; central and northern coastal tribes not credited with All Father belief, xv, xvi.
Coffin, making of, 85.
Collarene, drink made of, 119.
Comets, mythical reasons for, 99.
Cookeran Lake—haunted, 139.
Cooking, methods of, 116, 117.
Cooks—objection to women cooks, 111.
​Coolabah trees, babies incarnated from, in some cases, 50, 51, 52.
Corroboree, or opera, 81, 122, 130.
Cowards and incapables, disposal of, 73.
Crow—girl babies, assistance in manufacture, 50.
Crying children—smoke remedy, 53.
Crystal-gazing, 26, 36.
Cunnumbeillee, wife of Byamee, 7.
Cures—
Conjuring cures, 27.
Natural remedies, 37.
Noises to frighten sickness away, 40
Curiosity prohibited at the Boorah—fate of two boys who looked up, 65, 71, 72. 73.
Dahn—hole occupied by Bahloo's spirit-stone, 50.
Dancing, 122, 130.
Darramulun, 4, 9.
Dayoorl-stones, 117, 119.
Dead—
Passage of the spirit to Byamee's sky-camp or to a place of pain, xxvi, 90.
Possessions, disposal of, 94.
Prayers for the dead, 8.
Spirits of—Bootha's precautions, 48.
Death—
Signs of approach, 83.
Warning of—Bootha's witch-pole, 47, 49.
Death-dealing stone, 36.
Descent—
Paternal descent not necessarily a sign of advance alleged, xii, xiii, xiv.
Devil's bread, 140.
Dhé, see Totem system.
Dheal—tree sacred to the dead, 32.
Diamonds—talk of marvellous stones among the blacks, 101.
Dibbee (sandpiper), extinct kin, 19.
Dieri tribe, 10.
Dilbi and Kupathin—phratry names of Kamilaroi tribe, 12.
Dillalee, 66.
Dillee bag—contents, 36, 37.
Dillee—stone used for crystal-gazing, 36.
Dinewan (emu) totem, with list of multiplex totems, 15.
Disinfection by smoking, 41, 88, 89.
District occupied by the Euahlayi—North-Western New South Wales, 1.
Divorce, 58.
Dogs, spirits visible to, 46.
Doolooboorah—message-stick, 63.
Doolungaiyah (bilber) totem, with multiplex totems, 17.
Doowee—dream spirit of an ordinary person, 27-29.
Dorrunmai, a chief, 81.
Douyou (black snake) totem, with list of multiplex totems, 18.
Dream spirits, 27-29.
Dreams—totem seen in a dream, warning of coming evil, 28, 83.
Dress and decoration—
Cuts on the body—tribal and mourning marks, etc., 125.
Initiation ceremonies—girl, 57.
King's modern full dress, 120.
Drink, prohibition of, to any person embodying many spirits, 46.
Drinks—collarene, etc, 119.
Ducks—trapping and cooking, 106, 116.
Durrawunga—little Boorah, 70, 75.
Durrooee—sacred bird in whose shape spirits of dead women revisited the earth, 85.
Dying out of the blacks—prophetic vision of oldest wirreenuns, 76.
Eclipses, various accounts of, 98.
Eleanbah Wundah, lower world—penalty for the three unforgivable sins, 78.
Employment of Euahlayi—all, except old men, employed by white settlers, 3.
Emu trapping and cooking, 107, 108, 116.
​Euloowayi—devils who live where the sun sets, 136.
Evolution —
Heredity, version of, 22.
Extinct animals—legends concerning bones at Guddee, 102.
Eyesight of blacks, 112.
Female descent among the Euahlayi, 10, 12, 13.
Fights—
Sham fights, 68, 69, 128.
Fire-making, 61.
Fish—representation of Minggah inside, alleged, 116.
Fishing and fish- traps, 109, 110, 117.
Fishing festival—Byamee's rules as to a common camping-ground, etc., 8.
Food, 116, 117.
Taboo—ceremonies on removal of wunnarl, etc., 23, 24, 81.
Frazer, Mr. J. G., xii, xiv, xv, xviii, xxii, xxiii, xxv.
Funeral customs and mourning, 38, 88,90.
Variations in funeral rites, 92, 93.
Game—
Trapping and cooking, 105-109, 116.
Games, 127-129.
Gayandi or Boorah spirit, voice of, 62, 63, 64, 66, 72, 74, 81.
Nahgul—rejected Gayandi, 67, 137.
Generosity, inculcation of, 52.
Goohnai or dirge, 85.
Goomarh—spirit-stone belonging to a wizard, 22, 27.
Place of refuge, 36.
Gooweera, poison-sticks or bones, 3133.
Gooyeanawannah—messengers summoning tribes to attend the Boorah, 63.
Gouyou (bandicoot) totem, with list of multiplex totems, 17.
Gowargay, featherless emu—legend, 97, 137.
Graves, marking of, 94.
Grinding-stones, 117, 119.
Grudge, cherishing from generation to generation, 134.
Gubberah—sacred stone, 26.
Guddeegooree—small poison-sticks or bones, 31.
Gullendoorie—drink made with honey, 119.
Gurraymi—woman's name for the Boorah spirit, 62.
Gwaibooyanbooyan—hairless red devil of the scrubs, 135.
Gwaigulleeah—phratry name of Euahlayi, 11.
Gwaimudthen—phratry name of Euahlayi, 11.
Hair, lock of—hate token, method of making poison-stick effective, 32, 33.
Hands of blacks small and well-shaped, 41.
Harvest and harvest home, 118.
Heat apoplexy, legend, 138.
Heaven, xxvi, 90, 134.
Henderson, Mr., 6.
Heredity, theory of, 22.
Honesty and kindness, inculcation of, 54.
Honey-finding, 114.
Howitt, Mr., ix, xiv, 1, 2, 6, 9, 10.
Huxley, Mr., 5.
Iguanas—burrowing, warning of spring, 110.
Individuality of blacks, 1 12.
Initiation ceremonies—
Innerah, native name for Mrs. Parker, 88.
Insomnia, remedies for, 38, 53.
Intellectual ability of the blacks, question of, 11.
Kaitish—
Kamilaroi, 2, 4, 10, 12.
Kindness—
Remembered by the blacks, 134.
Kissing—white foolishness, 126.
Knives, 124.
Kumbuy, spirit women presenting presents to women relations of boys initiated at the Boorah, 59.
Kupathin and Dilbi, phratry names of Kamilaroi tribe, 12.
Kurnai, 10.
Kurreah, crocodile, 95.
Lang, Mr., 5.
Language, 3, 134.
Laughing star, 95.
Lower world, xxvi, 78.
Lunatics, persons spirit possessed, 43.
Magic—
Showers of pebbles produced by wirreenuns, 35.
Mah, see Totem system.
Maira (paddy melon) totem, 18, 82.
Manhood, initiation ceremonies, see Boorah.
Manna, provision of, in view of drought, 114.
Marahgoo, man-shaped devils with red rugs and a deadly draught, 135.
Marriage and marriage laws—
Claiming of husband by wirreebeenun, 58.
Divorce, 58.
Henpecked black husbands, 58.
Meetings for arrangement of, etc., 81.
Local source of totems among Arunta and Kaitish, effect of, etc., xxi, xxii.
Matrimonial classes —
Number of wives—custom, etc., 55. Phratry divisions and—meaning of names, etc, xi, xxvi, 11, 22.
Pirraam or Piraungara, custom of, xi.
Qualification for—possession of Boorah stones, 81.
Social advance, question of, xiii.
Stealing a woman within forbidden degrees—procedure, 78, 79.
Wedding presents, 58.
Young girl marrying a man with an old wife—Duenna attitude of old wife, 55.
Matah, 42, 44, 48, 49, 65.
Mathews's, Rev. Mr., origin of phratries theory, xxvi.
Mayrah, legend of an invisible tribe, 99.
Medicine men, see Wirreenuns.
Meetings other than the Boorah meeting, 81.
Message-stick, 63.
Messengers summoning neighbouring tribes to attend the Boorah, 63, 64.
Meteors, sign of death, 91, 99.
Milky Way legend, 95.
Minggah or spirit—haunted tree of an individual, 21, 22.
Places of refuge, 36.
Selection of a Minggah, 29.
Missionaries—
Influence on the Euahlayi, question of, 2, 5.
Mistletoe branches—legend of disappointed babies wailing for mothers, 51.
Mitchell, Sir Thomas, 5, 31.
Moodai (opossum) totem, with list of multiplex totems, 18.
Moon, see Bahloo.
Moonaibaraban, 59.
Mooroobeaigunnil, spirits aiding journey to Byamee's sky-camp, 90.
Morality—
Unchaste women, punishment of, 59.
Mosquito bird legend, 141.
Moungun, armless women legend, 101.
Mourning and mourning customs—widows' caps, etc., 83, 85, 87, 88, 90, 93.
​Mouth of a baby shut when asleep, precautions against disease or evil spirits, 53.
Mullee Mullee, dream-spirit of a wizard, 27, 28.
Mulloowil, shadow spirit, 29.
Mullyan (eagle-hawk), 82.
Munthdeeguns, men in charge of boys to be initiated at the Boorah, 64, 70, 71, 73, 74, 75, 76.
Murder—
Trial of accused, 92.
Muscular exhibition, 130.
Nahgul, rejected Gayandi, 67, 137.
Names—
Euahlayi—pronunciation and derivation, 1.
List of general names, 14, 15.
Meaning of phratry names, xxvi, 12.
Mother, derived from among the Euahlayi, 12, 13.
Night and day, different names used for a child as a precaution against devils, 13.
Place of birth, current incidents, etc., names derived from, 13.
Relationships—
Divisions of, denoted by names, xi, 11-13.
Needlework, 120.
Nets for fishing and trapping game, etc., 107.
Netted-looking clouds, 99.
Nights in the bush, sadness of, 140.
Nil admirari attitude of a black man, 65.
Nimmaylee, 112, 113.
Noorahgogo beetle, 140.
Northern Crown constellation—legend, 103.
Nose and nose-bonet—
Passage of arms between gin with nose-bone and white laundress with earrings, 55.
Piercing noses, 54.
Numbardee, 85.
Numeration, method of, 11.
Oobi Oobi, 90.
Ooghnahbayah—small eagle hawk—method of attack on emu's nest, 113.
Opossum, disappearance of, from district, 115.
Orion, legend, 96.
Phratry divisions and names—meaning of names, etc., xi, xxvi, ii, 12.
Piame, see Byamee.
Piggiebillah, 115, 116.
Pirrauru or Piraunmgaru, custom of, unknown to Euahlayi, xi.
Places of refuge, 36.
Pleiades, legend, 95.
Poison-sticks, bones, etc., 31-33, 40.
Prayers of the blacks, 8, 79, 80.
Present giving and receiving—meeting of Boodther, 81.
Promises—a broken promise never forgiven, 133.
Rain and rainmaking—
Magic, xv, xvi.
Orphan's cry heard by Byamee, alleged, 8.
Rain-bird, 101.
Reincarnation, doctrine of, among Arunta, Kaitish, Euahlayi, etc., xviii-xx, xxiv, xxv, 2, 51.
Relationship, 12-13, 15.
Religious ideas and practices—
Kaitish—modified belief in the All Father, Atnatu belief, xvii, xviii.
Ancestral spirits, belief in among northern tribes, xvii.
Dispute whether aborigines had anything more than vague beliefs in unattached spirits—theories advanced by various authorities, 1, 5, 6.
Evolution and transmission of beliefs, xxvi.
Mythical beings other than Byamee—no relation of affection between them and mankind, 9.
​Sacrifice, no trace of, among Euahlayi, 9.
Sea, influence of could not be cause of germs of religion—coastal tribes of the north not credited with All Father belief, xv.
Social progress not the cause nor the necessary concomitant of advance in religious ideas, xiii-xviii, 9, 10.
Riddles, appreciation of, 132.
Ridley's, Rev. Mr., book for Biblical instruction of the Kamilaroi, 4, 5.
Rites and ceremonies—
Sea—influence of coastal conditions in begetting social and religions progress alleged; central and northern coastal tribes not credited with All Father belief, xv, xvi.
Shadow spirits, 29.
Shell secreted in a tree, 101.
Shields, 124.
Sick nurse—armlet, etc., worn if patient dies, 40.
Sick persons, cure of, see Cures.
Sins—three unforgivable sins, penalty in the lower world, etc., 78.
Skins of blacks—smearing with fat of fish or game, 110.
Smallpox, ghastly traditions of, 39.
Smell of strangers, objections to, precautions, etc., 37, 126.
Snakes of Bahloo, 50.
Social advance—
Religious ideas, social progress not the cause nor necessary concomitant of advance in, xiii-xviii, 9, 10.
Social organisation of the Euahlayi —
See also Totem system, Marriage rules, etc.
Southern Cross, legend, 97.
Southern Crown—Mullyan, the eaglehawk, among Euahlayi, 97.
Spears, 123.
Spencer and Gillen, Messrs., ix, xiii, xvi, l0
Spencer, Mr. H., x, 3, 5.
Spirits—
Meetings attended by spirits of the dead, 35.
Number of spirits of which each person was possessed, 35.
One person might embody many spirits—caution against drink, 46.
Visible to others besides wirreenuns, 46.
See also Names of spirits.
Spring, legend, 100.
Springs—spirit-excavated springs of water, 103.
Stars, legends concerning, 95-98, 103.
Swans—Enchanted swans, 140.
Swimming—custom supposed to ensure each child being a good swimmer, 54.
Ta-Ta-thi tribe, 10.
Teeth—
Deterioration of, among younger generation of blacks, 125.
Front tooth knocked out—Boorah ceremony, 74, 75.
Theddora tribe, 4.
Thomas, Mr. N. W., 5, 6, 24.
Tomahawks, 124.
Totem seen in a dream, warning of coming evil, 28, 83.
Totem system—
Eating or using of totems allowed among Euahlayi—quarrels caused by speaking evil of or mimicking a totem, 20.
Hereditary and individual totem, differences, 21.
Hereditary and local totemism, theories as to which was the earlier usage, xxi-xxvi.
List of names of Euahlayi totems, with their multiplex totems, 15-20.
Locality, derivation of totem from among Arunta and Kaitish, xviii-xxi.
Numerically strongest totem kins among Euahlayi, 20.
​Paternal descent of totem, step in social progress—Mr. Frazer's theory that it might or might not be so, xii, xiv.
Sub-totems, development of, among the Euahlayi, 2.
Winds and clouds controlled by certain totems, 82, 100.
Totem wizard-stick guarding front of camps, 49.
Trackers, blacks as, 112.
Trees—
Spirit-haunted trees, xxvi, 2, 21, 22, 100.
Trial by which those guilty of unforgivable sins could escape penalty, 79, 92.
Tribal marks, cutting on children, etc., 54, 125.
Twins, mother of, an object of scorn, etc., 51, 52, 53.
Tylor, Mr., 5.
Unchaste women, punishment of, 59.
Urabunna, xxiv, xxv, 10.
Vendetta, 33.
Vessels for holding water, honey, etc., 125.
Visiting— disinfecting by smoke after visit was over, 41.
Voices of blacks, sweet and soft, 134.
Waddahgudjaelwon, distributor of spirit-babies, 50.
Wahn, the crow—assistance in manufacture of girl babies, 50.
Wailing for the dead, 83, 85.
Waitz, 5.
Wallahgooroonbooan, see Gayandi.
War councils, qualification for attendance, 81.
War weapons, 81, 123.
Warfare and sport, arts of—testing of boys at Boorah ceremonies, 68.
Warangilla, ridges above, haunted by women, 139.
Water—
Vessels, 125.
Water-holes said to be haunted, 137.
Weapons, 81, 123.
Weawarra, plain of, haunted, 138.
Wedding presents, 58.
Weedah's playground, 26.
Weedegah Gahreemai, or bachelors' camp, 61.
Weeweemul, 135.
Whirlwinds, 83, 84, 138.
White girls tradition, 139.
Widow with a 'white heart,' 94.
Widows' caps, etc., 93.
Wiimbaio tribe, 9.
Wi-mouyan, or clever stick, for rainmaking, 48.
Winds and wind-making, 82.
Sex, functions, etc., 100.
Wirádjuri, 2, 4, 5, 9.
Wirreebeeun, woman girl—initiation ceremonies, 56-58.
Wirreenuns, or doctor-wizards of Euahlayi—
Conjuring cures, 27.
Evil spirits, getting rid of, by eating their visible form, 138.
Gubberah, or sacred stone, 26.
Magical stones, production of, as a manifestation of power, 35.
Meetings attended by non-professionals and spirits of the dead, 35.
Minggah, see that title.
Natural remedies, 37.
Shadow of a wirreenun taboo—power of wirreenun over ordinary person's shadow, 29.
Swallowing of stones to keep them safe alleged, 80.
Totem wizard-stick guarding front of camps, 49.
Training of a wirreenun, 25-27.
Yunbeai, 29, 30, 33.
Witch woman, Bootha, 42-49.
Woman—
Baggage carried by, while on the march, 59.
Boorah ceremonies—
Share in Boorah meeting, 62, 65, 70, 75, 76, 77. 78.
​Byamee—belief concealed from women, name not used, 4, 6.
Heaven—time occupied in making weapons, 124.
Woodcraft, blacks' knowledge of, 113.
Woormerh, boy messengers carrying
Wotjobaluk tribe, 10, 24.
Wrestling, 68, 129.
Wundah, or white devil spirits, 29.
Wunnarl, or food taboo—ceremonies on removal of wunnarl, etc, 23, 24, 81.
Wurrawilberoo, 51, 95, 138.
Yanta spirits' water scheme, 103.
Yaraikkana tribe, 24.
Yarmmara, or barley grass, harvest, 118.
Yellen, 84.
Yowee, skeleton spirit, 83.
Yowee, soul equivalent, 35.
Yubbah (carpet snake) totem, 19.
Yudtha Dulleebah, 5, 71.
Yunbeai—
Cases in which yunbeai came out of owners, alleged, 21.
Differences between hereditary totem and individual totem, 21.
Eating of yunbeai prohibited, etc, 21.
Equivalent of Manitu of Red Indians, etc., 24.
Occurrence among Australian tribes, question of 24.
Sick persons, yunbeai cure, 29, 34.
Various properties of yunbeai, 30.
Yungawee, sacred fire of little Boorah ring, 64.