OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Mause

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​ Mause, Mauser; f., ‘moulting, casting the skin, moulting season,’ from MidHG. mûȥe, f. (in compounds mûȥer). ‘mewing, moulting’; OHG. *mûȥȥa, f., ‘moulting,’ is not recorded; allied to OHG. mûȥȥôn, MidHG. mûȥen, ‘to exchange for,’ MidHG. also espec. ‘to moult, cast the skin.’ Borrowed before the OHG. period (contemporaneously with Käfig, Pfau, and Pips) from Lat. mûtâre, hence the permutation of t to ȥ (MidLat. mûta, ‘moulting’); sz has been preserved in Bav. maußen. From the same source are derived AS. bimûtian, ‘to change, exchange,’ MidE. moutin, E. to moult, as well as Fr. muer, ‘to moult,’ mue, ‘moulting.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Matzen

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​ Matzen, m., ‘passover bread,’ early ModHG.; from Jewish mazzo, Hebr. mazzôth, ‘unleavened bread,’ whence also late MidHG., or rather early ModHG. Mafanze, ‘passover bread.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Mauer

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​ Mauer, f., from the equiv. MidHG. mûre, mûr, s., ‘wall,’ OHG. mûra, f. (mûri, f.), ‘wall,’ from Lat. mûrus, with an abnormal change of gender, which is probably caused by an OTeut. word for ‘wall’; comp. Goth. waddjus, f. At the same period, before the HG. permutation, OSax. mûr, AS. mûr, m. (OIr. múr), were also borrowed from the Lat., like other words relating to stone buildings; comp. Siegel, Fenster, Pforte, Speicher, &c.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Maul

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​ Maul (1.), n., ‘mouth (of beasts), muzzle’ (in UpG. Maul is also used for Mund, ‘mouth of men’), from MidHG. mûl, mûle, n., mûle, f. (MidG.), ‘mouth,’ OHG. mûla, f., ‘mouth,’ also ‘beak’; Du. muil, OIc. múle, m., ‘mouth, snout’; Goth. *mûlô, n., ‘mouth,’ is wanting, but is authenticated by the derivative faurmâljan, ‘to muzzle.’ This word is an l derivative from the root mû, from which HG. Mund, with a particip. suffix. nþ, is also formed; see Mund.
Maul (2.), n., ‘mule,’ in Maultier, n., Maulesel, m., from MidHG. mûltier, n., mûlesel, m., yet ordinarily simply mûl, m. and n., mûle, m., ‘mule,’ OHG. mûl, m.; borrowed from Lat. mûlus. From the same source Du. muil, m muilezel, AS. mûl, E. mule, as well as OIr. múl, are derived.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Maulbeere

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​ Maulbeere, f., from the equiv. MidHG. mûlber, n. and f., ‘mulberry,’ which originated, by differentiating r to l, from OHG. mûr-beri, môr-beri, n. The fluctuation from ô to û in OHG. indicates that the word was borrowed from Lat. môrum, ‘mulberry,’ môrus, ‘mulberry tree,’ whence also Du. moerbes, AS. and MidE. môrberie and mûrberie, MidE. also mulberie, E. mulberry.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Mauke

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​ Mauke, f., with a LG. guttural, from the equiv. MidHG. mûche, f., ‘malanders,’ hence the strictly HG. form Mauche (Bav.). Of obscure origin; perhaps allied to Goth. mûks, ‘soft, tender’?.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Maulwurf

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​ Maulwurf, m., from the equiv. MidHG. môltwërf, moltwërfe, m., ‘mole,’ lit. ‘the animal that throws up the soil’ (MidHG. molte, f.). The ModHG. form is a corruption of the MidHG. word, which is recorded even in the MidHG. and OHG. periods in various forms (MidHG. mûwërf, mûlwërf, mûlwëlf, mûrwërf). Other ModHG. corrupt forms are the dial. Moltwurm, Maulwurm, and Maulwolf. OHG. moltwerf, multwurf, m., ‘mole,’ are connected with MidHG. molte, f., molt, m., ‘dust, mould, soil,’ OHG. molta, f., molt, m.; comp. Goth. mulda, f., ‘dust, mould,’ AS. molde, E. mould; prop. a fem. subst. from the partic. formed with da- from the root mal, ‘to crush, pulverise,’ hence mul-da; comp. falt, alt, laut, and zart. In MidE. also moldwerp, ‘mole’ occurs; of this MidE. mole, Du., Westph., and Fris. mol are shortened forms?. These, however, are probably independent forms from the root mal. Another name for mole appears in OHG. scëro, MidHG. schër, Suab. and Alem. Schärmaus.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Maut

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​ Maut, f., ‘toll, duty,’ a Bav. word, from MidHG. mûte, f., OHG. mûta, f., ‘toll.’ The current derivation from MidLat. mûta is not satisfactory, since the latter word is not recorded until late (first half of the 9th cent.), and that as a G. word, nullum teloneum neque quod lingua theodisca Muta vocatur; ann. 837. Goth. môta, f., ‘toll,’ is the earliest recorded term. Yet OHG. mûta and Goth. môta (also OIc. and OSwed. múta, ‘fee, gratuity, bribe’) are not equiv., since Goth. môta (AS. môt) leads to OHG. *muoȥa, and OHG. mûta to Goth. *mûda. Probably the OBav. word was borrowed about the 8th cent., after the HG. permutation of consonants, from a dial. closely allied to the Goth. (Goth. ô tended towards û); to this is also allied OSlov. myto, ‘toll.’ An earlier loan-word is also recorded in MidHG. muoȥe, ‘toll, tax,’ which points to OHG. *muoȥa, and which has been preserved in Bav. Mueß, ‘miller’s fee.’ Yet the word may have been primit. allied to the Goth. The term Zoll, which is cognate in meaning, is also of obscure origin.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Maß

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​ Maß, n., ‘measure, standard, proportion,’ from MidHG. mâȥ, n., ‘measure, manner’; usually in MidHG. mâȥe, f., ‘measure, definite extent of time, space, weight, strength; moderation, temperance,’ OHG. mâȥa, f.; comp. Du. maat, OIc. máte, m., ‘method.’ With the Teut. root mē̆t (in messen), from pre-Teut. mē̆d, Lat. mŏdus, ‘manner,’ is also connected.
# Amharic Basic Course/Volume 1

​AMHARIC
BASIC COURSE
Units 1 - 50
SERGE OBOLENSKY DEBEBOW ZELELIEMULUGETA ANDUALEM FOREIGN SERVICE INSTITUTE WASHINGTON, D.C. 1964
DEPARTMENT OF STATE
FOREIGN SERVICE INSTITUTE BASIC COURSE SERIES Edited by CARLETON T. HODGE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
# Amharic Basic Course/Volume 1/Preface

PREFACE
This volume is the first of a two-volume Basic Course in Amharic, and contains Units 1-50 of the course. The second volume includes Units 51-60, an introduction to the writing system, a Reader, and a Glossary.
Amharic, the official language of the Ethiopian Empire, is spoken natively by perhaps six million people in a small but populous area of the country which includes the capital, Addis Ababa. A member of the Southern Semitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic family of languages, Amharic is steadily gaining importance as it picks up additional speakers through the spread of communications and education within Ethiopia.
The linguist in charge of the entire project has been Serge Obolensky, with the assistance of Mr. Debebow Selelie and Mr. Mulugeta Andualem. The Amharic script in the second volume is the work of Mr. Zelelie. Valuable suggestions received from Professor Wolf Leslau during the beginning stages of the work are gratefully acknowledged.
* Howard E. Sollenberger, Dean School of Language and Area Studies Foreign Service Institute Department of State
# Amharic Basic Course

​AMHARIC
BASIC COURSE
SERGE OBOLENSKY DEBEBOW ZELELIEMULUGETA ANDUALEM FOREIGN SERVICE INSTITUTE WASHINGTON, D.C. 1964
DEPARTMENT OF STATE
* Volume 1 - Units 1-50
* Volume 2 - Units 51-60, Reader, Glossary
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Laube

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​ Laube, f., ‘arbour, bower,’ from MidHG. loube (löube), f., ‘porch, market, court of justice, gallery round the upper storey of a house,’ OHG. louba (louppea), f., ‘penthouse, hall, front building’ (the mutated läube is met with in MidG. dials.; comp. LG. löve). The OIc. lopt, ‘upper storey, balcony’ (whence E. loft), is probably connected with this word. The ModHG. meaning, ‘arbour,’ wanting in MidHG. and OHG., is due to the term being popularly connected with Laub. The OHG. word passed in the form of MidLat. into Rom. (Ital. loggia, Fr. loge, ‘hut, tent, tier of boxes’).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Laune

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​ Laune, f., ‘humour, freak,’ from MidHG. lûne, f., ‘humour, mood’; the ModHG. word also signifies ‘phase of the moon, quarter of the moon, change of fortune.’ This series of meanings shows that the word is based on Lat. lûna, and that the astrology of the Middle Ages in its attempt to read the fortunes of men by the stars determined the different significations. Ital. luna, Fr. les lunes, E. lunatic, lunacy, lune, all referring to mental states, give evidence of the belief that the moon influenced the moods of men.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Lattich

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​ Lattich, m., ‘lettuce,’ from the equiv. ​MidHG. lattech, latech, lateche, OHG. lattuh (latohha), borrowed in the OHG. period from Lat. lactū̆ca through the intermediate forms lattū̆ca, láttuca; comp. AS. leahtric, ‘lactuca’ (comp. Attich from Lat. acte). — In Huflattich, ‘colt’s foot,’ Lattich represents Lat. lapatium (MidHG. huoflęteche, OHG. huoflętihha), or more correctly MidLat. lapatica (intermediate forms lápatica, láptica, lattica).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Latwerge

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​ Latwerge, ‘electuary, confection,’ from the equiv. MidHG. latwërge, laiwêrje, latwârje, f.; the t as in Lattich represents ct (assimilated tt); lactuárium has a in the unaccented first syllable for e, as in Lafritze. This foreign term is based on the equiv. MidLat. electuarium, which sometimes in MidHG. preserves its prim. form, electuârje, lectquerje. The MidLat. word, which originated in Gr. ἐκλεικτόν, ἔκλειγμα, ‘medicine that dissolves in the mouth,’ belongs to the medical art of the Middle Ages, which was learned from the Greeks (comp. also Lafrige, Büchse, Arzt, &c.), and was introduced into G. through a Rom. medium — Ital. lattovaro, Fr. électuaire (whence E. electuary).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Lauer

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​ Lauer, m., ‘tart wine.’ “It is derived from Lat. lôra, which denotes the tart wine that is made from the skins and stones of grapes by pouring water on them” (Lessing). Even in OHG. lûra, MidHG. lûre, f. (OHG. lûrra, MidHG. liure, from the prim. form *lôrea, appears in the equiv. Suab. leier; to this Swiss glöri from OHG. glûrra is allied?). As to the period of the introduction of Italian vine-culture into Germany, comp. Wein, Winzer, Keller, Kelch, and Most. Lat. lôrea is also indicated by Ital. loja, ‘dirt.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Lauge

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​ Lauge, f., ‘lye,’ from the equiv. MidHG. louge, OHG. louga, f.; corresponding to MidLG. lôge, Du. loog, AS. leáh, and the equiv. E. lye. In OIc. laug, f., means ‘warm bath’ (preserved in ModIc. in numerous proper names, and signifying ‘hot spring’). Perhaps this Teut. word for ‘warm bath’ is connected with the Aryan root, low, lu, ‘to bathe’ (comp. Lat. lavâre), like the equiv. Swed. lut, of which an extended Aryan luk, equiv. to Teut. luh, ‘to wash,’ may appear in OHG. luhhen, ‘to wash,’ Suab. lichen, North Franc. and Henneberg lüen, ‘to rinse washed linen.’ The HG. word occurs in the Slav. languages as lug, ‘lye.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Latz

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​ Latz, m., ‘stomacher, bodice,’ first occurs in early ModHG. from Rom. (Fr. lacet, m., ‘lace, stay-lace,’ whence E. lace; Ital. laccio, ‘cord’; the prim. word is Lat. laqueus, ‘noose, snare’).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Laub

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​ Laub, n., ‘foliage,’ from the equiv. MidHG. loup(b), OHG. loub, m. and n.; a primitive and common Teut. term; comp. Goth. laufs (plur. laubôs), m., AS. leáf, n., E. leaf, Du. loof. Some connect the word with Lith. lápas, ‘leaf,’ which, however, compared with the diphthong of the Teut. word has an abnormal a (comp. Haupt with Lat. caput); Gr. λέπος, ‘scale, rind,’ is even less akin.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Lauch

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​ Lauch, m., ‘leek, garlic,’ from. the equiv. MidHG. louch, OHG. louh(hh), m.; comp. the corresponding OIc. laukr, Du. look, AS. leác, E. leek, with which lic in garlic is connected; a primitive and common Teut. word, which was adopted in Finn. as laukka and in OSlov. as lukŭ. Like most of the old names of plants and animals, it is of obscure origin. Gr. λύγος, ‘a pliant rod or twig for wicker-work, willow-like tree,’ cannot be allied on account of its meaning. Perhaps OIr. luss, ‘herb, plant’ (from *luksu-), is a cognate.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Laus

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​ Laus, f., ‘louse,’ from the equiv. MidHG., MidLG., and OHG. lûs, f.; corresponding to AS. lûs, E. louse, Scand. lús (plur. lýss), Du. luis, ‘louse.’ The word is common to Teut., occurring evelywhere in the same sense. The usual derivation of Laus from the stem of verlieren, Ver-lus-t, lose, löse (root lus), although supported by the analogy of Gr. φθείρ, ‘louse,’ from φθείρω, is dubious, since MidHG. verliesen (prop. ‘to lose’) does not occur at an early period in the sense of ‘to spoil.’ Neither is the derivation from the Teut. root lū̆t, ‘to hide oneself’ (OHG. lûȥȥên, see lauschen), certain.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Wald

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​ Wald, m., ‘wood, forest,’ from the equiv. MidHG. walt (d), OHG. wald, n.; corresponding to OSax. wald, Du. would, AS. weald, E. wold, OIc. vǫllr, Goth. *walþus, m., ‘wood.’ Teut. walþu-s, from which OFr. gaut, ‘brushwood,’ is borrowed, points to pre-Teut. waltus (waltwos?), to which Gr. άλσος (for *ϝαλτϝος?) ‘grove,’ and Sans. vâṭa (from *valta), ‘garden, district,’ are probably related. The connection with wild is uncertain.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Wahrzeichen

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​ Wahrzeichen, n., ‘mark, token, omen, signal,’ from MidHG. warzeichen, n., ‘token, mark,’ for which the equiv. MidHG. and OHG. wortzeichen (OSax. wordtêkan), n., is ordinarily used. The word has been corrupted; its primit. form and meaning are obscure. Comp. also the cognate, OIc. jartein, ‘token of recognition.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Wall

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​ Wall, m., ‘rampart, mound, embankment,’ from the equiv. MidHG. wal (ll), m. and n.; OHG. *wal is by chance not recorded. Comp. OSax. wal (ll), Du. val, ‘rampart,’ AS. weall, E. wall. This West Teut. word, which is certainly borrowed from the equiv. Lat. vallum, vallus, seems to belong to the earliest loan-words from Lat. (comp. Straße, Mauer); primit. kinship with the Lat. word is very improbable.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Walnuß

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​ Walnuß, f., ‘walnut,’ ModHG. only, from the equiv. Du. walnoot; comp. AS. wealhhnutu, E. walnut, OIc. walhnot; it signifies ‘French or Italian nut.’ The first component is walh-, a term orig. applied by the Teutons to the Kelts (at first to the Volcae), but later to the Romance tribes of France and Italy. See welsch.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Walfisch

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​ Walfisch, m., ‘whale,’ from the equiv. MidHG. walvisch, OHG. walfisc, m. The first component was orig. sufficient to designate a whale; comp. ModHG., MidHG., and OHG. wal, AS. hwœl, OIc. hvalr, m., ‘whale.’ The early history of Teut. hwala-, ‘whale’ (to which MidHG. walre, OHG. węlira, ‘whale,’ is allied), is obscure. — Walroß, n., ‘walrus,’ from the equiv. Dan. hvalros, as well as Narwal and Wels, are from the same root.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Walküre

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​ Walküre, see Wahlstatt.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Wallach

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​ Wallach, m., ‘gelding,’ ModHG. only, lit. ‘Wallachian’; “the practice of gelding stallions was introduced into the Middle and West of Europe from Wallachia and Hungary.”
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Waid

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​ Waid, m., ‘woad, blue dye,’ from the equiv. MidHG. and OHG. weit, m.; corresponding to the equiv. Du. weede, AS. wâd, E. woad, Goth. *waida- (for which wizdila, ‘woad,’ is found,’ whence MidLat. guasdium, Fr. guède). From Teut. is derived the equiv. Rom. cognate, Ital. guado. Lat. vitrum, ‘woad,’ is historically related to the Teut. cognates, which may be based on pre-Teut. waitó.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Waidmann

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​ Waidmann, see Weide (2).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Waise

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​ Waise, f. (m.), ‘orphan,’ from MidHG. weise, OHG. weiso (*weisso?), m., ‘parentless child,’ also ‘fatherless or motherless child’ (the masc. seems to be used in MidHG. for the fem. also); corresponding to Du. wees, OFris. wêsa, ‘orphan.’ The base (Teut. waisjôn?) is probably derived from an Aryan root meaning ‘to rob’; comp. Sans. vidh, ‘to become empty’ (see Witwe). In Goth. a diminutive of Witwe (see Dirne and Eichhorn), widuwaírna, m., signifies ‘orphan.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Meer

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​ Meer, n., ‘ocean, sea,’ from MidHG. męr, n., OHG. męri, earlier mari, m. and n., ‘ocean’; comp. OSax. męri, f., Du. meer, n., AS. męre, m., E. mere (to which merman, mermaid, are allied), OIc. marr, m., Goth. marei, f. (and *mar, n., preserved in the compound mari-saivs, ‘ocean’). The common Teut. word for ‘ocean,’ prim. Teut. mari, n. (or mori, recorded by Pliny as a Cimbrian form), which is partly common to the West Aryan tribes (so too Lat. lacus, OIr. loch, equiv. to OLG. lagu, ‘ocean’); Lat. mare, n., OSlov. morjc, n., ‘ocean,’ Lith. máres, ‘Kurisches Haff,’ OIr. muir (from mori), ‘ocean’; to these are allied Gr. Αμφίμαρος, ‘son of Poseidon,’ as well as ἀμάρα, f., ‘trench, conduit’ (comp. OFris. mar, ‘trench, pond’)?. These cognates are usually connected with the Aryan root mar, ‘to die’ (comp. Mord, Lat. morior), so that the ocean was named in “contrast to the living vegetation” of the mainland, just as in Ind. also marus, ‘desert,’ is referred to the root mar, ‘to die’; this, however, is no more probable than the derivation of Mann from the root men, ‘to think.’ Comp. Marsch and Moor.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Meiler

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​ Meiler, m., ‘charcoal-kiln,’ from late MidHG. meiler, mîler, m., ‘stack of wood for making charcoal’; the î of the MidHG. prim. form is attested by ModHG. and LG. dials. The word cannot be derived from Slav. (Czech milíř, Pol. mieleřz, ‘charcoal kiln,’ are themselves of G. origin). Since it may have denoted orig. a definite number of objects (comp. Carinth. meiler, ‘a definite number of bars in a stack of pig-iron’), we might connect it with Lat. mîliarium, ‘thousand’ (see the similar case of Decher).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Meier

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​ Meier, n., ‘head-servant on an estate, land-steward, farmer,’ from MidHG. meier, meiger, m., OHG. meior, meier, m.; it corresponds to the early MidLat. major domus, which lit. denoted ‘the steward of the household servants’; hence OHG. and MidHG. meier, ‘steward of an estate, manager or lessee of an estate.’ From Lat. major, Fr. maire is also derived.