OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Jodelle, Étienne

See also Étienne Jodelle on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​JODELLE, ÉTIENNE, seigneur de Limodin (1532–1573), French dramatist and poet, was born in Paris of a noble family. He attached himself to the poetic circle of the Pléiade (see Daurat) and proceeded to apply the principles of the reformers to dramatic composition. Jodelle aimed at creating a classical drama that should be in every respect different from the moralities and soties that then occupied the French stage. His first play, Cléopâtre captive, was represented before the court at Reims in 1552. Jodelle himself took the title rôle, and the cast included his friends Remy Belleau and Jean de la Péruse. In honour of the play’s success the friends organized a little fête at Arcueil when a goat garlanded with flowers was led in procession and presented to the author—a ceremony exaggerated by the enemies of the Ronsardists into a renewal of the pagan rites of the worship of Bacchus. Jodelle wrote two other plays. Eugène, a comedy satirizing the superior clergy, had less success than it deserved. Its preface poured scorn on Jodelle’s predecessors in comedy, but in reality his own methods are not so very different from theirs. Didon se sacrifiant, a tragedy which follows Virgil’s narrative, appears never to have been represented. Jodelle died in poverty in July 1573. His works were collected the year after his death by Charles de la Mothe. They include a quantity of miscellaneous verse dating chiefly from Jodelle’s youth. The intrinsic value of his tragedies is small. Cléopâtre is lyric rather than dramatic. Throughout the five acts of the piece nothing actually happens. The death of Antony is announced by his ghost in the first act; the story of Cleopatra’s suicide is related, but not represented, in the fifth. Each act is terminated by a chorus which moralizes on such subjects as the inconstancy of fortune and the judgments of heaven on human pride. But the play was the starting-point of French classical tragedy, and was soon followed by the Médée (1553) of Jean de la Péruse and the Aman (1561) of André de Rivaudeau. Jodelle was a rapid worker, but idle and fond of dissipation. His friend Ronsard said that his published poems gave no adequate idea of his powers.
Jodelle’s works are collected (1868) in the Pléiade française of Charles Marty-Laveaux. The prefatory notice gives full information of the sources of Jodelle’s biography, and La Mothe’s criticism is reprinted in its entirety.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Jobst

See also Jobst of Moravia on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​JOBST, or Jodocus (c. 1350–1411), margrave of Moravia, was a son of John Henry of Luxemburg, margrave of Moravia, and grandson of John, the blind king of Bohemia. He became margrave of Moravia on his father’s death in 1375, and his clever and unscrupulous character enabled him to amass a considerable amount of wealth, while his ambition led him into constant quarrels with his brother Procop, his cousins, the German king Wenceslaus and Sigismund, margrave of Brandenburg, and others. By taking advantage of their difficulties he won considerable power, and the record of his life is one of warfare and treachery, followed by broken promises and transitory reconciliations. In 1385 and 1388 he purchased Brandenburg from Sigismund, and the duchy of Luxemburg from Wenceslaus; and in 1397 he also became possessed of upper and lower Lusatia. For some time he had entertained hopes of the German throne and had negotiated with Wenceslaus and others to this end. When, however, King Rupert died in 1410 he maintained at first that there was no vacancy, as Wenceslaus, who had been deposed in 1400, was still king; but changing his attitude, he was chosen German king at Frankfort on the 1st of October 1410 in opposition to Sigismund, who had been elected a few days previously. Jobst however was never crowned, and his death on the 17th of January 1411 prevented hostilities between the rival kings.
See F. M. Pelzel, Lebensgeschichte des römischen und böhmischen Königs Wenceslaus (1788–1790); J. Heidemann, Die Mark Brandenburg unter Jobst von Mähren (1881); J. Aschbach, Geschichte Kaiser Sigmunds (1838–1845); F. Palacky, Geschichte von Böhmen, iii. (1864–1874); and T. Lindner, Geschichte des Deutschen Reiches vom Ende des 14 Jahrhunderts bis zur Reformation, i. (1875–1880).
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Joash

See also Jehoash of Judah and Jehoash of Israel on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​JOASH, or Jehoash (Heb. “Yahweh is strong, or hath given”), the name of two kings of Palestine in the Bible.
1. Son of Ahaziah (see Jehoram, 2) and king of Judah. He obtained the throne by means of a revolt in which Athaliah (q.v.) perished, and his accession was marked by a solemn covenant, and by the overthrow of the temple of Baal and of its priest Mattan(-Baal). In this the priest Jehoiada (who must have continued to act as regent) took the leading part. The account of Joash’s reign is not from a contemporary source (2 Kings xi. 4–xii. 16), and 2 Chronicles adds several new details, including a tradition of a conflict between the king and priests after the death of Jehoiada (xxii. 11; xxiv. 3, 15 sqq.). At an unstated period, the Aramaeans under Hazael captured Gath, and Jerusalem only escaped by buying off the enemy (2 Kings xii. 17 sqq.). This may perhaps be associated with the Aramaean attacks upon Israel (2 below), but the tradition recorded in 2 Chron. xxiv. 23 seq. differs widely and cannot be wholly rejected. The king perished in a conspiracy, the origin of which is not clear; it may have been for his attack upon the priests, it was scarcely for the course he took to save Jerusalem. He was succeeded by his son Amaziah, whose moderation in avenging his father’s death receives special mention. After defeating the Edomites, Amaziah turned his attention to Israel.
2. Son of Jehoahaz and king of Israel. Like his grandfather Jehu, he enjoyed the favour of the prophet Elisha, who promised him a triple defeat of the Aramaeans at Aphek (2 Kings xiii. 14 sqq. 22–25). The cities which had been taken from his father by Hazael the father of Ben-hadad were recovered (cf. 1 Kings xx. 34, time of Ahab) and the relief gained by Israel from the previous blows of Syria prepared the way for its speedy extension of power. When challenged by Amaziah of Judah, Joash uttered the famous fable of the thistle and cedar (for another example see Judg. ix. 8–15; see also Abimelech), and a battle was fought at Beth-shemesh, in which Israel was completely successful. An obscure statement in 2 Chron. xxv. 13 would show that this was not the only conflict; at all events, Amaziah was captured, the fortifications of Jerusalem were partially destroyed, the treasures of the Temple and palace were looted, and hostages were carried away to Samaria. According to one statement, Amaziah survived the disaster fifteen years, and lost his life in a conspiracy; but there is a gap in the history of Judah which the narratives do not enable us to fill (1 Kings xv. 1; see xiv. 17, 23). See further Uzziah; Jeroboam (2); and Jews.  (S. A. C.)
# King Lear (Shakespeare)

* related portals: Elizabethan drama.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Commons gallery, Commons category, quotes, Wikidata item.
Tragedy written by William Shakespeare. There are two versions, but modern editors usually conflate these to produce a single play.
* The Tragedie of King Lear, from a facsimile copy of the First Folio (1623)
* The Life and Death of King Lear, from The Plays of William Shakespeare, in eight volumes, vol. VI, with notes by Samuel Johnson (1765) IA
* The Tragedy of King Lear, edited by W. J. Craig, The Works of Shakespeare, The Arden Shakespeare, 1st ser., 1st edition (1901)
* The Tragedy of King Lear, edited by W. J. Craig, The Works of Shakespeare, The Arden Shakespeare, 1st ser., 2nd edition (1905) IA
* King Lear, edited by D. Nichol Smith, The Warwick Shakespeare (1902) IA
* King Lear, in The Complete Works of William Shakespeare, Vol. VIII, Oxford edition (1911) IA
* The Chronicle History of the Life and Death ⁠of King Lear and His Three Daughters, edited by William Lyon Phelps, The Yale Shakespeare (1917)
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago. Translations or editions published later may be copyrighted.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# King Robert Bruce's Garland, an Heroic Ballad

King Robert Bruce's
GARLAND.
An Heroic Ballad.
OR A
PRECISE ACCOUNT OF
THE
FAMOUS
BATTLE OF
BANNOCKBURN.
STIRLING: Printed and Sold by M. Randall.
THE BATTLE OF Bannockburn.
FINIS.
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Lawrence v. City of Chicago/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Per Curiam Opinion of the Court
United States Supreme Court
396 U.S. 39
Lawrence v. City of Chicago
The motion to dismiss is granted and the appeal is dismissed for want of jurisdiction. Treating the papers whereon the appeal was taken as a petition for a writ of certiorari, certiorari is denied.
Mr. Justice DOUGLAS is of the opinion that probable jurisdiction should be noted.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Lawrence v. Caswell

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
54 U.S. 488
Lawrence v. Caswell

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Lawrence v. City of Chicago

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
396 U.S. 39
Lawrence v. City of Chicago
John M. Bowlus, for appellants.
Raymond F. Simon, Marvin E. Aspen, and John J. George, for appellee.
PER CURIAM.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Littell's Living Age/Volume 126/Issue 1625/The peaches redden on the wall

* The peaches redden on the wall.
* Hiding in hollow cells of green,
* Where plaited leaves hang thick about,
* And scarce permit them to be seen;
* And so, in truth, good deeds should be
* Concealed in sweet humility.
* The peaches redden on the wall.
* Though night's dark curtain drips with dew;
* The white stars show themselves, and shine
* Through moulded cloud and hovering blue.
* And, oh! to feel, past fruit and tree
* The lights of home shine forth for me.
* Alfred Norris.
# Littell's Living Age/Volume 126/Issue 1625/For a Token

* FOR A TOKEN.
* Good-bye! God love you, since no sweeter trust
* My heart can give you, or my lips can say.
* Or grief can utter, since but He alone
* Shall stand within the place I yield to-day.
* Good-bye! for now and ever through the years.
* Till we meet out before the golden gate;
* You have to fight to win the narrow way,
* I will serve with you while I stand and wait.
* C. Brooke.
* Sunday Magazine.
# Littell's Living Age/Volume 126/Issue 1625/Miscellany

​New Snow-Spectacles for the Arctic Regions. — Mr. W. W. Cooper, the oculist, has devised a new kind of spectacles, the English Mechanic says, to prevent snow-blindness. It is well known that a long exposure to the glare of the intense white of the snow in the Polar regions is most harmful to the sight; to meet this difficulty, spectacles of green-tinted glass, surrounded by gauze, have been proposed. These will, however, fail in practice, as the glass part of the spectacles is liable to get dim and clouded, while the gauze and the wire, by means of which the spectacles are fastened behind the ears, will in an Arctic climate become so cold that to the human skin they will have the sensation of being made of red-hot wire. Mr. Cooper's snow-spectacles have neither glass nor iron in their composition, for they are made of ebonite, and are tied on to the head by a velvet cord. They resemble somewhat two half walnutshells fastened over the eye. Their great peculiarity, however, is that the wearer sees through a simple slit in front of the pupil of the eye. The sides of each eye-box are perforated with minute holes, in order that the wearer can get a side view of objects. These glasses will also prove useful to travellers by railway, inasmuch as they keep out the glare of the sun, and prevent the admission of dust into the eye. To engine-drivers, therefore, they would be invaluable, especially when exposed during sleet, snowstorms, or very windy weather. They are also very agreeable when reading at night by lamp or gaslight.
# Littell's Living Age/Volume 126/Issue 1626/A Day of Summer Beauty

* A DAY OF SUMMER BEAUTY.
* Out in the golden summer air,
* Amid the purple heather,
* A woman sat with drooping head.
* And hands close knit together:
* Never a bitter word she said.
* Though all her life looked cold and dead-
* Cold in the glowing haze that lay
* Over the fair green earth that day,
* That day of summer beauty.
* Far, far away where leafy woods
* Touched the sky, cloud-riven,
* A thousand birds rang out life's bliss
* In jubilee to heaven;
* How could the poor old withered throat
* Carol echoes to each soft note?
* Every soul must pay life's cost —
* Her deepest silence praised God most,
* That day of summer beauty.
* Too dulled her soul, too worn, to feel
* Summer delight acutely;
* While earth was praising God aloud
* Her patience praised him mutely.
* Her narrow life of thought and care —
* Not life to live, but life to bear.
* Contented that her soul was sad.
* While all God's soulless things were glad,
* That day of summer beauty.
* And where she stayed, a dusky speck
* In gorse and heather glory, —
* A weary spirit watched and read
* The pathos of her story:
* A spirit doubt-opprest and worn,
* Had found another more forlorn.
* That trustful stayed, nor sought to guess
* Life's meanings — which are fathomless.
* Through all the summer beauty.
* C. Brooke.
* Good Words.
# Littell's Living Age/Volume 126/Issue 1625/A Little While

* A LITTLE WHILE.
* A little while with tides of dark and light
* The moon shall fill;
* Warm autumn's gold be changed to shrouding white
* And winter's chill.
* A little while shall tender human flowers
* In beauty blow;
* And ceaselessly through shade and sunny hours
* Death's harvest grow.
* A little while shall tranquil planets speed
* Round central flame;
* New empires spring and pass, new names succeed
* And lapse from fame.
* A little while shall cold star-tapers burn
* Through time's brief night;
* Then shall my soul's beloved One return
* With dayspring bright.
* How oft in golden dreams I see Him stand,
* I list his voice,
* As winning largess from his lifted hand
* The poor rejoice;
* But waking bears that vision dear away,
* My better part,
* And leaves me to this pale and empty day,
* This longing heart.
* I cannot see Thee, but I love Thee. Oh,
* Thine eyes that read
* The deepest secrets of the spirit know
* 'Tis love indeed!
* A little while; but, ah! how long it seems!
* My Jesus, come.
* Surpass the rapture of my sweetest dreams.
* And take me home!
* W. Kennedy Moore.
* Sunday Magazine.
# Littell's Living Age/Volume 126/Issue 1625/After Many Days

* AFTER MANY DAYS.
* How lonely seemed her life now she had lost
* The love that gave to life its grace and worth!
* How cold the clouded skies, how low and dull
* What erst she deemed most beautiful on earth!
* Hers was a feeble mind that could not rise
* Out of herself to things of higher power;
* Busy with trifles, while an aching want
* Deepened and widened every listless hour.
* And friends were kind, but, careless, passed her by;
* One of themselves, and happy as things go.
* Talked with her, helped her not, nor soothed
* The leaden sorrow that they did not know.
* None gave her work to pass the weary days,
* Nor sought she any, lived in dull content,
* Yet thankful if a passing sunbeam strayed.
* For any joy that God in pity sent.
* Then came the Lord to that deserted door
* That all men passed with hurrying heedless feet.
* And she rose up, and opening found at last
* All she had lost within His presence sweet.
* Caroline North.
* Good Words.
# Littell's Living Age/Volume 126/Issue 1625/Whatever haunting care of life

* Whatever haunting care of life
* About my spirit cleaves,
* If I but walk abroad awhile
* Among the breathing leaves.
* It seems as it were left behind
* Beneath the cottage eaves.
* I do not ask for singing birds,
* Or floods of golden light;
* For if I do but ope the door
* On a dull autumn night,
* The shining rain-drops on the grass
* Will set my spirit right.
* Arran Leigh.
# Littell's Living Age/Volume 126/Issue 1626

LITTELL'S LIVING AGE.
| Fifth Series, Volume XI. | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | No. 1626. — August 7, 1875. | $\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \end{matrix}}\right.}$ | From Beginning Vol. CXXVI. |
CONTENTS. :
| I. | The Town Mouse and the Country Mouse. By Frances Power Cobbe, | New Quarterly Review, | 323 |
| II. | The Dilemma. Part V., | Blackwood's Magazine, | 341 |
| III. | In a Studio. By W. W. Story. Part III., | Blackwood's Magazine, | 351 |
| IV. | Fated to be Free. By Jean Ingelow. Part XI., | Good Words, | 362 |
| V. | The Homeric Element in the Poetry of Scott. By Principal Shairp, | Good Words, | 373 |
| VI. | Tricks of Speech, | Queen, | 381 |
POETRY. :
| The Arctic Expedition, | 322 | The Hour-Glass, | 322 |
| A Day of Summer Beauty, | 322 | |
| Miscellany, | Miscellany, | Miscellany, | 384 |
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/North, Roger

See also Roger North (biographer) on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​NORTH, ROGER (1653–1734), English lawyer and biographer, was the sixth son of the 4th Baron North. He acquired a good practice at the bar, being helped by his elder brother Francis, who became lord chancellor and was created Baron Guilford (q.v.), and in 1684 he became solicitor-general. But the Revolution stopped his advancement, and he retired to his estate of Rougham in Norfolk, and increased his fortune by marrying the daughter of Sir Robert Gayer. He collected books, and was constantly occupied in writing. But he is best known for his Lives of the Norths, published after his death, together with his own autobiography (see the edition in Bohn’s Standard Library, 1890, by Jessopp), a classic authority for the period. He died at Rougham on the 1st of March 1734, leaving a family from whom the Norths of Rougham are descended.
He is to be distinguished from Roger North (1585–1652), brother of the 3rd baron, one of the captains who sailed with Raleigh in 1617, who projected the plantation of Guiana with an English colony.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Norris, Sir John

See also John Norris (soldier) on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​NORRIS, SIR JOHN (c. 1547–1597), English soldier, was the second son of Henry Norris, Baron Norris of Rycote, and gained his earliest military experience in the civil wars in France. In 1573 he went to Ulster with Walter Devereux, earl of Essex, winning fame by his conduct in the guerilla wars against the Irish, and being responsible for the massacre on the island of Rathlin in July 1575; and in July 1577 he crossed over to the Netherlands to assist the Dutch against the Spaniards. Having added to his reputation by his valour at the battle of Rymenant, Norris returned to England in March 1584, and in the following July he was sent to Ireland as lord president of Munster; he accompanied the lord deputy, Sir John Perrot, on a campaign in Ulster, and spoke eloquently in the Irish parliament; but he disliked his work and soon obtained his recall. In August 1585 he was again in the Netherlands, commanding the English army of 4400 men which Elizabeth had sent to serve against the Spaniards. During his successful relief of Grave in April 1586 he was wounded, and just after this event he was knighted by the governor-general, the earl of Leicester; but he and Leicester were soon at variance, and many complaints of his conduct were sent to England. After taking part in the battle of Zutphen in October 1586 Sir John was recalled to England, but in 1587 he went again to the Netherlands and was soon quarrelling with his new superior, Peregrine Bertie, Lord Willoughby de Eresby, and with Sir William Stanley. In 1588, when the Spanish Armada was expected, he was marshal of the camp at Tilbury; later in the same year he served the queen as ambassador to the Dutch states, and in 1589 he and Sir Francis Drake led the fleet which ravaged the coasts of Spain and Portugal. In 1591, and again in 1593, he aided Henry IV. of France in his struggle with the League in Brittany; and in May 1595 he landed again in Ireland, where he was still lord president of Munster. But this time he was entrusted with more extensive powers and was to assist the lord deputy, Sir William Russell, in subjugating Ulster. He did not, however, work harmoniously with Russell; his health was failing and the gigantic task was too much for him. After fighting and negotiating with the O’Neills in Ulster, and warring in Connaught, he asked for his recall. This was not granted, but he was supplanted in his military command; and he retired to Munster and died at Mallow on the 3rd of July 1597. 'His monument is in the church of Tattendon, Berkshire.
See J. L. Motley, The United Netherlands, vol. ii. (1904); and R. Bagwell, Ireland under the Tudors, vol. iii. (1890).
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Norristown

See also Norristown, Pennsylvania on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​NORRISTOWN, a borough and the county-seat of Montgomery county, Pennsylvania, U.S.A., on the Schuylkill river, at the mouth of Stony Creek, opposite Bridgeport, and about 18 m. N.W. of Philadelphia. Pop. (1910 census) 27,875. Norristown is served by the Pennsylvania, the Philadelphia & Reading and the Stony Creek railways, by interurban electric railway to Philadelphia and Reading, and by the Schuylkill canal, and is connected by bridge with the borough of Bridgeport (pop. in 1910, 3860), where woollen and cotton goods are manufactured. Norristown is a residential suburb of Philadelphia, and commands fine views of the Schuylkill Valley. It has a State Hospital for the Insane (opened 1880), a fine County Court House, a general hospital, a Friends’ Home, a home for aged women, St Joseph’s Protectory (Roman Catholic) for girls, and the Norristown and McCann public libraries; in Montgomery cemetery are the tombs of General Winfield Scott Hancock and General John Frederick Hartranft (1830–1889), a distinguished Federal officer in the Civil War and governor of Pennsylvania in 1873–1879. Valley Forge is less than 6 m. distant to the W. The borough has a large trade with the surrounding country, which is well adapted to agriculture and abounds in limestone. Among Norristown’s manufactures are hosiery and Woollen goods; in 1905 its total factory product was valued at $5,925,243, an increase of 44·3% over the value in 1900. Norristown was founded in 1785, and was named in honour of Isaac Norris (c. 1671–1735), a friend of William Penn and a member of the Pennsylvania legislature, who had owned the land on which the borough is built. Norristown was incorporated as a borough in 1812, and its boundaries were extended in 1853.