OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Courier-News/1930/Westfield Port Pupil 18, To Try At Plane Record

* related portals: Emil August Schneider.
* related authors: Eddie August Schneider.
Eddie August Schneider (1910-1940) in The Courier-News on July 29, 1930.
Westfield 'Port Pupil 18, To Try At Plane Record. Westfield, New Jersey; July 29, 1930. Eddie Schneider, 18, a Jersey City youth who graduated from Atlantic Air College at Westfield Airport here, will attempt to beat the national junior transcontinental airplane speed records of the late Frank Goldsborough some time next month, Charles R. Dann, Jr., president of Atlantic Air Service, announced yesterday. Last night a syndicate headed by the youth's father completed purchase of a cabin plane in which the trip will be made. Mr. Dann expressed confidence that Eddie would be successful in his try at a new record. Alexander Garofollo, Clark Township farmer's son, will try for a new junior altitude record at Westfield Airport within a few days, Mr. Dann also announced. The National Aeronautical Association has recognized Bob Buck, 16-year-old Elizabethan, as the present record holder with an established mark of 18,457 feet.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was legally published within the United States (or the United Nations Headquarters in New York subject to Section 7 of the United States Headquarters Agreement) before 1964, and copyright was not renewed.
* For Class A renewal records (books only) published between 1923 and 1963, check the Stanford University Copyright Renewal Database.
* For other renewal records of publications between 1922–1950, see the University of Pennsylvania copyright records.
* For all records since 1978, search the U.S. Copyright Office records.
Works could have had their copyright renewed between January 1st of the 27th year after publication or registration and December 31st of the 28th year. As this work's copyright was not renewed, it entered the public domain on January 1st of the 29th year.
This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
It is imperative that contributors ascertain that there is no evidence of a copyright renewal before using this license. Failure to do so will result in the deletion of the work as a copyright violation.
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# The Courier-News/1926/George Lindauer Dead

* related portals: George Brinton McClellan Lindauer.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
George Brinton McClellan Lindauer (1866-1926) in The Courier-News on March 25, 1926.
George Lindauer Dead. George Lindauer, one of the leading residents of this section of the county and widely known as a painter and decorator, died at his home in South Bound Brook last night, where he had been seriously ill for the past two days from a stroke of paralysis. Mr. Lindauer was working in the Whitenack residence on East street, Tuesday afternoon. Someone heard a noise resembling a falling body. Going to the room where Mr. Lindauer was at work, he was found in an unconscious condition. The stricken man was removed to his home, but failed to rally. Mr. Lindauer had been in failing health for sometime, according to his intimate friends, and had complained considerably. It was not realized that his condition was so serious, however.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
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# The Eve of St. Mark

The Eve of St. Mark is a fragment of a poem by John Keats. It was written in February of 1819, and it is usally assumed to be written about a legend that says that if you watch the church from 11:00 to 1:00 on St. Mark's Eve (April 24), for three years in a row, then on the third year you will see images of those who are going to die that year pass by into the church. The poem, as it stands, says nothing of this, but simply talks of a young girl, Bertha, sitting up late reading on St. Mark's Eve. Keats' probably first heard of this legend from Isabella Jones, who also inspired "The Eve of St. Agnes," written about the same time. If that is indeed the subject of this poem, as one can only assume, it can be speculated as well that it was his own haunting fear of death that made him abandon it. Sometime in 1818 Keats became convinced that he had exactly three years left to live; he was almost exactly right. There is no evidence that by 1819 this fear had left him; quite the contrary. Much of his work of this year is covered in death-imagery. "Now more than ever seems it rich to die," he wrote, in "Ode to a Nightingale." "When I have fears that I may cease to be," and "This living hand, now warm and capable" are also good examples. While medical knowledge at the time would have made it impossible for him to know for certain that he was already infected with tuberculosis, there is plenty of evidence that he was at least marginally aware of it. Not only was he trained as a surgeon himself, but he had already watched his mother and younger brother die of the same illness, and by 1819 was taking considerable pains to avoid over-exerting himself, and to stay out of the cold.
However, with no complete thoughts or story, we are left with, well, what Keats does best. Here we have a collection of images, or a lonely walk through a quiet country town at dusk. A young girl sits up late, surrounded by shadows and quiet sounds.
* "The Eve of St. Mark", in The Poetical Works of John Keats (1884)
* "The Eve of St. Mark", in The complete poetical works and letters of John Keats (1899), edited by Horace Elisha Scudder
# The Cult Phenomenon in the United States (1979)

* related portals: Religion.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
INFORMATION MEETING ON THE CULT PHENOMENON IN THE UNITED STATES, February 5, 1979, 318 Russell Senate Office Building, Washington, D.C.
* Biographical Sketches of participants (Between pages 18-19)
* Statements, Congressman Ottinger, P.11-13.
* Statements, Senator Zorinsky, P.13-15.
* Statements, Congressman Giaimo, P.16-17.
* Statement, Jackie Speier, P.24-30., Questions: P.126-128.
* Statement, Robert Boetcher, P.30-35
* Statements, John Gordon Clark, M.D., P.38-45., Questions: P.147-158.
* Statements, Flo Conway and Jim Siegelman, P.45-53.
* Statement, Joel Alexander, P.53-57
* Statement, Ted Patrick, P.62-68.
* Statement, Rabbi Maurice Davis, P.74-80.
* Statement, Daphne Green,P.80-84.
* Statement, Rev. Dr. George Swope, P.91-95.
* Statement, Father James LeBar, P.103-107.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
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# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Gallinger, Jacob H(arold).

Edition of 1920. See also Jacob Harold Gallinger on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
GALLINGER, Jacob H(arold)., American physician and Republican politician: b. Cornwall, Ontario, Canada, 28 March 1837, being one of 12 children; d. Franklin, N. H., 18 Aug. 1918. He received a common-school and academic education; was a printer in early life; studied medicine and was graduated in 1858; and followed the profession of medicine and surgery until he entered Congress. He was on the board of trustees of Columbia Hospital for Women, and a member of the board of visitors to Providence Hospital; was a member of the House of Representatives of New Hampshire in 1872, 1873 and 1891, and member of the constitutional convention in 1876; of the State Senate in 1878, 1879 and 1880, being president of that body the last two years. He was surgeon-general of New Hampshire, with the rank of brigadier-general, in 1879-80; received the honorary degree of A.M. from Dartmouth College in 1885; served as trustee of George Washington University for several years, and was chairman of the Republican State committee from 1882 to 1890, when he resigned the place, but was again elected to the position in 1898, and continued to serve until 1908, when he declined re-election; was chairman of the delegations from his State to the Republican national convention of 1888, 1900, 1904 and 1908; was for a time a member of the Republican national committee; was chairman of the Merchant Marine Commission of 1904-05, composed of five senators and five representatives in Congress; was a member of the National Forest Reservation Commission, and vice-chairman of the National Waterways Commission; served as president pro tempore of the Senate during a portion of the 42d Congress; was elected to the 49th and 50th Congresses, and declined renomination to the 51st Congress; was elected to the United States Senate, to succeed Hon. Henry W. Blair, for the term beginning 4 March 1891, and successively re-elected by the legislature without opposition in 1897, 1903, 1909; was re-elected by popular vote 3 Nov. 1914 for a fifth term.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Gallinæ

Edition of 1920. See also Galliformes on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
GALLINÆ, a group of birds, styled gallinaceous or “game-birds” deriving its name from the Latin gallus, the domestic cock, which is a typical example. The group is non-classified as a suborder Galli of the order Galliformes, situated between the tinamous and the rails. The order embraces the singular mesites of Madagascar; the various partridges and quails of the Eastern Hemisphere Tumices; and the hoatzin besides the typical gallinaceous birds, which far outnumber the rest. All are ground-keeping, running birds, agreeing in the possession of a globular crop adapted to the digestion of the seeds and hard insects that form the greater part of their food, and in having the young hatched in such a state of advancement that they are clothed in a uniform coat of down-feather, and are able to run about and pick up food after a few hours. They are distributed throughout the world, but are most numerous and reach their highest perfection in the forested parts of the Orient. The group (Galli) includes the mound-birds or brush-turkeys, and other Megapodes of Australasia;
the curassows and guans of tropical America; and all the pheasants, guinea-fowls, turkey, jungle-fowls (parents of our domestic fowls), tragopars, American quails and partridges, grouse, ptarmigan, and similar species of various parts of the world. Many have been successfully domesticated; others are prized as ornaments, or for their plumage, and all are good eating. Hence they have ever been the object of capture, and some of them afford the finest sport to be enjoyed with dog and shotgun. Special articles described the most important species under their popular names.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Game-fowls

Edition of 1920. See also the disclaimer.
GAME-FOWLS. See Cockfighting; Poultry.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Fürstenberg

Edition of 1920. See also Fürstenberg (principality) on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
FÜRSTENBERG, a mediæval principality, now comprised in Baden, Hohenzollern and Württemberg. The name is perpetuated by the princely house of Fürstenberg of Austria, by the landgraves of Fürstenberg of Lower Austria and by the counts of Fürstenberg in Rhenish Prussia and Westphalia. Consult Tumbült, G., ‘Das Fürstentum Fürstenberg’ (Freiberg 1908).
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Fürstenberg, Maximilian Egon zu

Edition of 1920. See also Maximilian Egon II, Prince of Fürstenberg on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer. This person never became chancellor of the German Empire. He is apparently being confused with Maximilian (Alexander Friedrich Wilhelm) of Baden.
FÜRSTENBERG, Prince Maximilian Egon zu, German noble: b. 1863. An intimate friend and adviser of the German emperor the prince bears territorial titles for Prussia, Austria, Hungary, Württemberg and Baden, and by virtue of this he has a seat in the Houses of Lords in all five countries. His principal seat is at Donaueschingen, near the source of the Danube, where he owns a magnificent castle and great deer forests. The Kaiser frequently visits there, and the prince invariably accompanies the emperor on his hunting expeditions and Norwegian trips. He became Imperial Chancellor in October 1918. He possesses vast forests, coal mines, hotels and breweries.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Fürth

Edition of 1920. See also Fürth on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
FÜRTH, Bavaria, town situated at the confluence of the Pegnitz and the Regnitz, five miles northwest of Nuremberg, and 950 feet above sea-level. It has broad streets and is entirely modern in appearance, has many fine churches, a synagogue and a modern Rathaus. It manufactures mirrors, mirror-frames, bronze and gold leaf, toys, haberdashery, optical instruments, pencils, silver work, machinery,
leather goods, etc. It has a large trade in these and in hops, wool and coal. A large annual fair is held here in October. Fürth was a Vogtei for some time under the burgravate of Nuremberg; in 1314 it passed to the bishops of Bamberg; it was besieged by Gustavus Adolphus in 1632, and two years later it was pillaged and burned by the Croats. It extended tolerance to the Jews and in great part owes its commercial prosperity to them. It passed to Bavaria in 1806 and was chartered in 1818. Pop. 66,500.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Fürst, Julius

Edition of 1920. See also Julius Fürst on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
FÜRST, Julius, German scholar: b. Zerkowo, Posen (Prussian Poland), 12 May 1805; d. Leipzig, 9 Feb. 1873. He was of Jewish parentage, and at an early age he had a remarkable knowledge of Hebrew literature, Old Testament Scriptures and Oriental languages. In 1825, after having studied at Berlin, he took a course in Jewish theology at Posen. In 1829, after having abandoned his Jewish orthodoxy, he went to Breslau, and in 1831 to Halle, where he completed his studies in Oriental languages and theology. In 1833 he entered journalism in Leipzig, later securing a position as tutor and lecturer in the university there, from which position he was promoted in 1864 to the chair of Oriental languages and literature, a post he filled with great distinction until his death. His works, especially those on the Semitic languages, are of great value, and among the most important may be mentioned ‘Lehrgebäude der aramaischen Idiome’ (1835); ‘Concordantiæ librorum Sacrorum veteris Testamenti Hebraicæ et Chaldaicæ’ (1837-40); ‘Bibliotheca Judaica’ (1849-63); ‘Hebräisches und Chaldäisches Handwörterbuch’ (1851-61); ‘Geschichte des Karäerthums’ (1862-65); ‘Geschichte der biblischen Litteratur und des jüdisch-hellenistischen Schrifttums’ (1867-70). From 1840-51 he edited Der Orient. He compiled ‘Bibliotheca Judaica’ (1849-63).
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Fürstenwalde

Edition of 1920. See also Fürstenwalde on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
FÜRSTENWALDE, für'stĕn-väl'dë, Prussia, town in the province of Brandenburg, on the Spree, 30 miles southeast of Berlin. It contains several churches, a gymnasium and many public monuments. It owns a neighboring forest 20 square miles in extent. Its industries include woolen manufactories, machinery, bricks, glass, alcohol and electric supplies. The town obtained municipal privileges as early as 1285. Pop. 23,000.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Fürbringer, Max Karl

Edition of 1920. See also Max Fürbringer on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
FÜRBRINGER, für'bring-ẹr, Max Karl, German anatomist: b. Wittenberg 1846. He received his education at the universities of Jena and Berlin; was appointed professor at the former institution in 1888 and at the University of Heidelberg in 1901. His works have been noteworthy contributions in their special field; they include ‘Die Knochen und Muckeln der Extremitäten bei den schlangenähnlichen Saurien’ (1870); ‘Zur vergleichenden Anatomie der Schultermuskeln und des Brustschulter apparatus’ (5 parts, 1872-1902); ‘Zur Entwicklung der Amphibienniére’ (1877); ‘Untersuchungen zur Morphologie und Systematik der Vögel’ (1888); ‘Morphologische Streitfragen’ (1902); ‘Abstammung der Säugetiere’ (1905).
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Guyon, Jeanne-Marie Bouvier de la Motte

Edition of 1920. See also Jeanne Marie Bouvier de la Motte Guyon on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
GUYON, Jeanne-Marie Bouvier de la Motte, zhän mä-rē boo-vē-ā dė lä mŏt gē-ȯṅ, Madame, French mystic: the introducer in France of the system of Quietism; b. Montargis, 13 April 1648; d. Blois, 9 June 1717. At the age of 16 she was married to Jacques Guyon, after whose death in 1676 the tendency to mystic enthusiasm which had characterized her younger years again acquired ascendency. She published numerous works, such as ‘Le Cantique des Cantiques interprété selon le Sens Mystique’ (1685); ‘Poésies Spirituelles’ (1685); ‘Discours Chretiens et Spirituels’ (1716); etc. At last the archbishop of Paris thought it necessary to take steps against the spread of Madame Guyon's mystical doctrines, and through his influence she was shut up in the convent of the Visitation, but afterward released at the instigation of Madame Maintenon, who herself became for a time a convert to the new doctrines, and allowed Madame Guyon to preach in the seminary of Saint Cyr, where she made a convert and disciple of Fénelon. A commission of ecclesiastics, chief among whom was Bossuet, now sat in judgment, and the doctrines of Madame Guyon were condemned (1695). This led to her being imprisoned for some years, latterly in the Bastille, whence she was liberated in 1702. The rest of her life was spent in retirement and in works of charity. Consult Upham, ‘Life, Religious Opinions and Experiences of Madame Guyon’ (1870); Guerrier, ‘Madame Guyon, sa vie, sa doctrine, son influence’ (1881).
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Guthe, Karl Eugen

Edition of 1920. See also Karl Eugen Guthe on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
GUTHE, goo'tĕ, Karl Eugen, American scientist: b. Hanover, Germany, 5 March 1866; d. 10 Sept. 1915. After studying at Strassburg, Berlin and Marburg, he emigrated to the United States in 1892. He instructed in physics at the University of Michigan and then removed to Iowa State College. In 1909 he became professor of physics at Michigan and dean of the graduate department in 1912. His publications include ‘Manual of Physical Measurements’ (1902); ‘Laboratory Exercises with Primary and Storage Cells’ (1903); ‘Textbook of Physics’ (1908); ‘College Physics’ (1911, with J. O. Reed), and ‘Definitions in Physics’ (1913).
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Géricault, Jean-Louis André Théodore

Edition of 1920. See also Théodore Géricault on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
GÉRICAULT, zhā'rē-kō', Jean-Louis André Théodore, French painter: b. Rouen, 26 Sept. 1791; d. Paris, 18 Jan. 1824. He was educated at the Lycée Louis-le-Grand, studied art under Vernet and Guérin. He exhibited at the salon of 1812 his ‘Cavalry Officer on Horseback’ (now in the Louvre) and his reputation was at once established. In 1814 followed his ‘Wounded Cuirassier,’ which was only moderately successful. The artist now joined the army and served for some time at Versailles. He went to Italy in 1817 and studied the great masters there. His work was profoundly influenced by his stay in Italy. ‘The Raft of Medusa’ belongs to this period of his career and is one of the great world masterpieces. It was exhibited by the artist in England and brought $4,000. His stay in England produced the ‘Race for the Derby at Epsom,’ his last big work. In the Louvre, at Rouen Museum at Paris and elsewhere are numerous sketches, lithographs, bronze models, etc. A fall from a
horse in 1822 greatly injured his frame and his last two years were spent in great bodily distress. Consult Clément ‘Géricault: Etude biographique et critique’ (Paris 1868); Muther, ‘History of Modern Painting’ (London 1907); Brownell, ‘French Art, Classic and Contemporary’ (New York 1901).
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Gymnasium

Edition of 1920. See also Gymnasium (ancient Greece) on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
GYMNASIUM (ancient gymnasia). The term “gymnasium” was originally applied by the Greeks to the exercise ground or public training school for men over the age of 18. It consisted of spacious grounds partly planted, but embracing open spaces for a variety of athletic games and contests. The whole space was surrounded by terraces, colonnades and rooms for punching the sack, anointing, bathing and dressing, and was ornamented by statuary of gods and heroes. As the instructors in the gymnasia had to be paid, the places were patronized principally by the well-to-do. The young men engaged vigorously in the athletic games and exercises while the older men were spectators or critics, or perhaps participants in the discussions and lectures that formed an important part of the activities of the place. From the original gymnasium of the Greeks several modern institutions have taken names as well as educational methods. From the suburban gymnasium called the Academy (q.v.) where Plato started his discussion forum and courses of free lectures, came the modern academy; from another gymnasium called the Lyceum, in which Aristotle established his lectures, we have the French lycée and the English and American lyceum. The Germans emphasizing the intellectual side of the Greek institution use the term “gymnasium” to designate their classical secondary school; while the English-speaking peoples with greater propriety have adopted the Greek word to name the modern institution for physical culture and development.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Gutenberg, Johannes

Edition of 1920. See also Johannes Gutenberg on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
GUTENBERG, goo'tĕn-bĕrg, Johannes or Henne, German inventor of printing with movable types: b. Mainz, about 1400; d. there, 23 Feb. 1468. Little or nothing is known of his early life. In 1434 he was living in Strassburg and in 1436 entered into a contract with one Andreas Dryzehn or Dritzehn and others, binding himself to teach them all his secret and wonderful arts, and to employ them for their common advantage. The death of Dryzehn, which happened about the end of 1438, broke off the undertaking of the company. About 1448 he returned to Mainz and soon formed a copartnership with Johann Fust or Faust, a rich goldsmith who furnished money to establish a press, in which the Latin Bible was first printed. This, the Mazarin Bible, begun about 1450 and finished about 1455, is the first book known to have been printed with movable types. After some years this connection was dissolved. Fust had made large advances, which Gutenberg was now called upon to repay; and as he either could not or would not do it, the subject was carried before the tribunals. The result was that Fust retained the press, which he improved, and continued to use in company with Peter Schöffer of Gernsheim. By the patronage of a counsellor of Mainz, Conrad Hummer, Gutenberg was again enabled to establish a press the following year, from which there issued the fine ‘Catholicon’ of 1460, and also the ‘Letters of Indulgence’ of 1454 and 1455. Gutenberg's name does not appear in any production of his press, nor do his friends and patrons mention him in connection with the invention of printing. Consult Van der Linde, ‘Gutenberg’ (1878), and ‘Geschichte der Erfindung der Buchdruckerkunst’ (1886); Hessel, ‘Gutenberg: Was He the Inventor of Printing?’ (1882); ‘Haarlem the Birthplace of Printing not Mentz’ (1887); Gordon Duff, ‘Early Printed Books’ (1893).