# Handbook of the Swatow Vernacular/Introductory
## INTRODUCTORY.
### Lesson I.
#### 我

    Uá
       I.

#### 阮

    Ún
       We (not including the person addressed.)

#### 咱

    Nán
       We (including the person addressed.)

#### 爾

    Lṳ́
       You (singular.)

#### 恁

    Nín
       You (plural.)

#### 伊

    I
       He, she, it, him, her.

#### 有

    Ũ
       Have.

#### 無

    Bô
       No, none.

#### 是

    Sĩ
       Yes, is.

#### 不是

    M̄-sĩ
       Not, no.

#### 要

    Àiⁿ
       Want, wish.

#### 勿

    Màiⁿ
       Don't want, don't.

#### 來

    Lâi
       Come.

#### 去

    Khṳ̀
       Go.

#### 不

    M̃
       Will not. ​

#### 我有

    Uá ũ
       I have.

#### 爾無

    Lṳ́ bô
       You havn't.

#### 阮勿

    Ún màiⁿ
       We don't want.

#### 恁來

    Nín lâi
       You (plural) come.

#### 伊不來

    I m̃-lâi
       He won't come.

#### 伊要去

    I àiⁿ-khṳ̀
       He wants to go.

#### 咱來去

    Nán lâi-khṳ̀
       Let us go.

#### 我不去

    Uá m̃-khṳ̀
       I am not going.

#### 不是爾

    M̄-sĩ lṳ́
       Not you.

#### 是伊

    Sĩ i
       It is he.

### Lesson II.
#### 此處

    Chí-kò, chié
       Here.

#### 彼處

    Hṳ́-kò, hié
       There.

#### 何處

    Tî-kò
       Where?

#### 何時　的時

    Tiang-sî, tî-sî
       When?

#### 此個

    Chí-kâi, chiá
       This.

#### 彼個

    Hṳ́-kâi, hiá
       That.

#### 的一個　的個

    Tî-chék-kâi, tî-kâi
       Which?

#### 的個　是乜

    Tî-kâi, sĩ-mih
       What? ​

#### 何為

    Tsò-nîⁿ
       Why?

#### 因為

    In-ûi
       Because, on account of.

#### 是誰

    Tî-tiâng
       Who?

#### 是誰個

    Tî-tiâng-kâi
       Whose?

#### 此賤個

    Chí-chùaⁿ-kâi
       These.

#### 彼賤個

    Hṳ́-chùaⁿ-kâi
       Those.

#### 何為　若

    Tsò-nîⁿ, jiéh
       How?

#### 如此

    Chièⁿ-seⁿ
       Like this, thus.

#### 如彼

    Hièⁿ-seⁿ
       Like that.

#### 了

    Lióu
       Then.

#### 就

    Chiũ
       Thereupon.

#### 還了

    Huân-lióu
       Still.

#### 在

    Tõ
       At, in, on, in the act of.

#### 照

    Chiè
       According to.

#### 返轉

    Huán-tńg

#### 顛倒

    Tin-tò
       On the contrary, on the other hand.

#### 共

    Kāng, kah
       And.

#### 是

    Sĩ
       But.

#### 亦

    Iā
       Also.

#### 從　在

    Tshông, tõ
       From. ​

#### 到

    Kàu
       To.

#### 豈

    Khah
       Too.

#### 約量

    Iak-liãng

#### 差不多

    Tsha-but-to
       About.

#### 或者

    Pa-lak
       Perhaps.

#### 那是

    Nāⁿ-sĩ
       If.

#### 亞是

    A-sĩ
       Or.

#### 亞無

    A-bô

#### 罵

    Mē

#### 拎

    Nē
       Or not? Interrogative Signs.

### Lesson III. Exercises.
#### 我在此處

    Uá tõ chí-kò
       I am here,

#### 爾在彼處

    Lṳ́ tõ hṳ́-kò
       You are there.

#### 伊在何處

    I tõ tî-kò?
       Where is he?

#### 恁何時去

    Nín tiang-sî khṳ̀?
       When did you go?

#### 此個是的個

    Chí-kâi sĩ tî-kâi?
       What is this?

#### 彼個我勿

    Hṳ́-kâi uá màiⁿ
       I don't want that one.

#### 爾要的一個

    Lṳ́ àiⁿ tî-chék-kâi?
       Which do you want? ​

#### 爾要的個

    Lṳ́ aìⁿ tî-kâi?
       What do you want?

#### 伊如何無來

    I tsò-nîⁿ bô-lâi?
       Why did he not come?

#### 是因為如何

    Sĩ in-ûi tsò-nîⁿ?
       For what reason?

#### 爾是誰人

    Lṳ́ sĩ tî-tiâng?
       Who are you?

#### 此是誰人個

    Chiá sĩ tî-tiâng-kâi?
       Whose is this?

#### 此賤個不是

    Chí-chùaⁿ-kâi m̄-sĩ
       These are not them.

#### 彼賤個是否

    Hṳ́-chùaⁿ-kâi sĩ--mē?
       Are those them?

#### 爾有若干

    Lṳ́ ũ jiéh-tsōi?
       How much have you?

#### 爾有若干個

    Lṳ́ ũ jiéh-tsōi kâi?
       How many have you?

#### 是如此

    Sĩ chièⁿ-seⁿ
       It is like this.

#### 不是如此

    M̄-sĩ hièⁿ-seⁿ
       Not like that.

#### 伊還了未去

    I huân-lióu būe-khṳ̀
       He hasn't gone yet.

#### 此個共彼個

    Chí-kâi kah hṳ́-kâi
       This one and that one.

#### 此不是

    Chía m̄-sĩ
       This is not it.

#### 彼就是

    Hiá chiũ-sĩ
       That is it.

#### 爾亦有

    Lṳ́ iā ũ
       You have got it too.

#### 從何處到何處

    Tshông tî-kò kàu tî-kò?
       From where to where?

#### 在此處到彼處

    Tõ chí-kò kàu hṳ́-kò
       From here to there.

#### 或者無

    Pa-lak bô
       Perhaps not. ​

#### 爾有或無

    Lṳ́ ũ a-bô?
       Have you or have you not? did you or did you not?

#### 我無

    Uá bô
       I havn't; I did not.

#### 爾有去否

    Lṳ́ ũ-khṳ̀ mē?
       Did you go?

#### 無

    Bô
       No.

#### 如何無也

    Tsò-nîⁿ bô--nē?
       Why not?

#### 因為我不去

    In-ûi uá m̃-khṳ̀
       Because I don't want to go.

#### 此個是我個

    Chí-kâi sĩ uá-kâi
       This is mine.

#### 不是爾個

    M̄-sĩ lṳ́-kâi
       It isn't yours.

#### 是伊個

    Si i-kâi
       It is his.

#### 爾個不是如此

    Lṳ́-kâi m̄-sĩ chièⁿ-seⁿ
       Yours is not like his.

#### 伊個是如此

    I kâi sĩ chièⁿ-seⁿ
       His is like this.