OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Ujjain

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​UJJAIN, or Ujain, a city of central India, in the state of Gwalior, on the right bank of the river Sipra, with a station on the branch of the Rajputana railway from Ratlam to Bhopal. Pop. (1901) 39,892. Ujjain, known as Avanti in the Buddhist period and as Ozene to the Greeks, is one of the seven sacred cities of the Hindus and the traditional capital of King Vikramaditya, at whose court the “nine gems” of Sanskirt literature are said to have flourished. It marks the first meridian of longitude in Hindu geography. It is heard of first as the residence of Asoka (afterwards emperor), when viceroy of the western provinces. It was sacked by the Mahommedans in 1235. Under Akbar it became the capital of Malwa, and during the last half of the 18th century it was the headquarters of Sindhia. It contains few old buildings, though relics of antiquity are often found on the abandoned site of the old city. It is now a centre of the trade in Malwa opium, with a wealthy colony of Bohra merchants. The principal institutions are the Madhava College (called after the present Maharaja), two state hospitals, and a dispensary belonging to the Canadian Presbyterian mission. A great religious festival is held here every twelfth year.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Ulema

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​ULEMA (Arab. ‘ulamā, sing. ‘ālim, literally “knowers,” in the sense of scientes), the learned of Islam, theologians, canon lawyers, professors, judges, muftis, &c., all who, whether in office or not, are versed theoretically and practically in Muslim science in general. By “science” in this case is especially meant what is learned from tradition, books or men, and through the intellect. In a narrower sense, Ulema is used, in a Muslim state, of a council of such learned men, holding government appointments, If all conception of intermediary priesthood be eliminated, the Ulema may be said to be equivalent to the secular clergy of Roman Christendom (see Dervish). Opposed to them, again, are the ‘ārifs (“knowers,” “perceivers,” sentientes, as opposed to scientes), to whom religious knowledge comes in the vision of the mystic, not by tradition or reason (see Ṣūfīism).
On the training of the ulema see Sunnites.
(D. B. Ma.)
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Ujvidék

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​UJVIDÉK (German, Neusatz), a town of Hungary in the county of Bács-Bodrog, 171 m. S.S.E. of Budapest by rail. Pop. (1900), 28,763. It is situated on the left bank of the Danube near the terminus of the Franz-Josef canal. It is the seat of a Greek Orthodox bishop, and has become the literary and religious centre of the Servians in Hungary, especially since the foundation in 1864 of the Matica Srbska, or Servian Literary Society. The town was founded in the middle of the 18th century, and was almost totally destroyed during the revolution of 1848–49. On the opposite bank of the Danube, connected with Ujvidék by a railway bridge, lies Petervarad or Peterwardein.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Ukaz

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​Ukaz, or Ukase (Russ., from ukazat, a shortened form of ukazlivat, to show, announce, prescribe), a term applied in Russia to an edict or ordinance, legislative or administrative, having the force of law. A ukaz proceeds either from the emperor or from the senate, which has the power of issuing such ordinances for the purpose of carrying out existing decrees. All such decrees are promulgated by the senate. A difference is drawn between the ukaz signed by the emperor’s hand and his verbal ukaz, or order, made upon a report submitted to him. (See Russia: Constitution and Government.)
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Ulcer

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​ULCER, an open sore (derived from the French from Lat. ulcus, Gr. ἕλκος). When a portion of animal tissue dies in consequence of an infection or injury, the death of that tissue taking place by gradual breaking down or disintegration, the process is termed ulceration and the result an ulcer. When the ulcer is spreading the place is painful and the surrounding parts are flushed with extra blood, but under appropriate treatment the destructive process ceases and the ulcer gradually heals. The bright surface of the ulcer becomes glazed over, and those changes take place in it which occur in an open wound. The ulcer gradually contracts, and round its edges cicatrization, or scarring, occurs. Ulcers may arise from various causes in different parts of the body, and in association with certain specific diseases, such as syphilis, tubercle, cancer and typhoid fever, (for Gastric Ulcer see the separate article.)  (E. O.*)
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Ukraine

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​Ukraine (“frontier”), the name formerly given to a district of European Russia, now comprising the governments of Kharkov, Kiev, Podolia and Poltava. The portion east of the Dnieper became Russian in 1686 and the portion west of that river in 1793.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Ulan

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​ULAN (formerly spelt Uhlan), originally a Polish cavalry soldier armed with a lance. These troops were light cavalry, and wore the national dress and czapka (or lancer cap). They were introduced into the Prussian service in 1740, but failed to distinguish themselves in the first Silesian War, and it was only after the treaty of Tilsit (1807) that Ulan regiments were again formed in the Prussian army. In the Austrian army a “Uhlanpulk” of Poles was formed in 1784 and ordinary Ulan regiments of Austrian cavalry in 1791. The Austrian Ulans no longer ​carry the lance. In the German army of to-day Ulans are classed as heavy cavalry and wear the distinctive lancer dress inherited from the original Polish light horse. (See Cavalry and Lance.)
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Ulbach, Louis

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​ULBACH, LOUIS (1822–1889), French writer, was born at Troyes (Aube) on the 7th of March 1822. He was encouraged to take up a literary career by Victor Hugo. He became dramatic critic of the Temps, and attracted attention by a series of satirical letters addressed to the Figaro over the signature of “Ferragus,” and published separately in 1868. He edited the Revue de Paris until its suppression in 1858, and in 1868 he founded a paper, La Cloche, which was suppressed in 1869 for its hostility to the empire. Ulbach was imprisoned for six months, and when on his release he revived the paper he got into trouble both with the commune and the government, and was again imprisoned in 1871–1872. In 1878 he was made librarian of the arsenal, and died in Paris on the 16th of April 1889.
Among his works are: Voyage autour de mon clocher (1864), Nos contemporains (1869–1871), Aventures de trois grandes dames de la cour de Vienne (3 vols., 1876); Les Buveurs de poisons: la fée verte (1879), La Vie de Victor Hugo (1886), &c.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Uleåborg

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​ULEÅBORG (Finnish, Oulu), a province in the grand duchy of Finland, including a wide territory to the north of Kuopio and nearly reaching Varangerfjord, taking in the high dreary plateau of Laponia (16,000 sq. m.) and the fertile plains of Österbotten. It has a total area of 63,970 sq. m., with a population, chiefly agricultural in Österbotten and nomadic in Laponia, of (1904) 295,187. The bulk of the inhabitants (99%) are Finnish. There are immense forests, and only 0·4% of the area is under culture. The capital of the government is Uleåborg, a seaport on the Gulf of Bothnia, now connected by railway with Helsingfors (498 m.); pop. (1904), 17,737.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Unyamwezi

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​UNYAMWEZI, a region of German East Africa, lying S. of Victoria Nyanza and E. of Lake Tanganyika. It is mentioned as early as the 16th century by the Portuguese and by Antonio Pigafetta, under the name Munemugi or "Land of the Moon," which is the exact equivalent of the name—Wu-nya-mwezi—by ​which the land is known to its own people. It is part of the plateau between the two great rift-valleys of East Africa, is rich in woods and grass, and has many villages surrounded by well cultivated farms and gardens. The western portions, however, are somewhat swampy and unhealthy. The people of Unyamwezi, called Wanyamwezi, are Bantu-negroes of medium size and negroid features, but with long noses and curly rather than woolly hair, suggestive of mixed blood. Dwelling on the main road from Bagamoyo to Tanganyika, the route by which J. H. Speke, Richard Burton, J. A. Grant, H. M. Stanley and others travelled, and having from early times had commercial relations with the Arabs, the Wanyamwezi are more civilized than the neighbouring races. They practise tattooing, file or extract the upper incisor teeth, and load their legs and arms with brass wire rings. The men look after the flocks and poultry, while the women do the field-work. They often keep bees; in some cases the hives are inside the huts, and the bees form an efficient protection against intruders. Inheritance is to the direct issue, not as is often the case among Negro races to the nephew. In some parts, one of twins is always killed. On Stanley’s first visit in 1871, the Zanzibar Arabs were predominant in the country, but later the natives rose and, under Mirambo, who from a common porter rose to be a conquering chief—earning for himself the title of the “Black Bonaparte”—a Negro kingdom was formed. Since 1890 the country has been under German control and the power of the native chiefs greatly curtailed. As a people the Wanyamwezi are extremely vigorous and have shown great capacity for expansion, being energetic and enterprising.
See H. Brode, Tippoo Tib: the Story of his Career in Central Africa (1907); Sir H. H. Johnston, The Uganda Protectorate (1902); Sir Charles Eliot, The East Africa Protectorate (1905).
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Upas

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​UPAS, a Javanese word meaning poison, and specially applied to the poison derived from the gum of the anchar tree (Antiaris toxicaria), a member of the fig-family (Moraceae), and a native of the Sunda Islands, which was commonly used to envenom the darts of the natives. The name of the upas tree has become famous from the mendacious account (professedly by one Foersch, who was a surgeon at Samarang in 1773) published in the London Magazine, December 1783, and popularized by Erasmus Darwin in “Loves of the Plants” (Botanic Garden, pt. ii). The tree was said to destroy all animal life within a radius of 15 m. or more. The poison was fetched by condemned malefactors, of whom scarcely two out of twenty returned. All this is pure fable, and in good part not even traditional fable, but mere invention. The milky juice of the tree contains an active principle named antiarin, which has been recommended as a cardiac stimulant. It is without any properties, however, that entitle it to clinical employment.The tree is described as one of the largest in the forests of Java, the straight cylindrical stem rising without a branch to the height of 60 to 80 ft. It has a whitish bark and on being wounded yields plentifully the milky juice from which which the poison is prepared.
For a full account of the tree, see Bennett and Brown, Plantae Javanicae rariores, p. 52 (1838).
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/University Courts

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​UNIVERSITY COURTS, in the English universities of Oxford and Cambridge, courts of inferior jurisdiction, administering principles of justice originally founded on the canon and civil law, but now defined and limited by the common law (see particularly Ginnett v. Whittingham, 1886, 16 Q.B.D. 769).
At Oxford the judge of the chancellor's court is the vice chancellor, who is his deputy or assessor; the court has had since 1244 civil jurisdiction, to the exclusion of the king's courts, in all matters and suits wherein a scholar or privileged person of the university is one of the parties, except in actions relating to freehold. It had also, from 1290 downwards, jurisdiction of all injuries and trespasses against the peace, mayhem and felony excepted, but since the Summary Jurisdiction Acts this is possibly no longer exercisable, but the chancellor, vice-chancellor and the vice-chancellor's deputy are justices of the peace for Oxford, Oxfordshire and Berkshire, where scholars are concerned, and exercise this jurisdiction under the Summary Jurisdiction Acts. By the Oxford University Act 1854 the vice-chancellor's court now administers the common and statute law of the realm.
The criminal jurisdiction of Cambridge University in cases where any person not a member of the university is a party has ceased, and its jurisdiction over light women, which was founded on a charter and statute of Elizabeth, was taken away in 1894 by a private act of that year (c. 60), and an act of 6 Geo. IV. c. 97, dealing with them and applicable till then only to Oxford University, was extended to Cambridge University. Previous to 1891, women of light character, who had been convicted of consorting with or soliciting members of the university in statu pupillari, were detained in a house of correction called the spinning house, but in that year a conviction was held bad (ex parte Hopkins, 1891, 61 L.J.Q.B. 240; see also, however, Kemp v. Nevill, 1861, 10 C.B.N.S. 523).
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Unton, Sir Henry

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​UNTON (or Umpton), SIR HENRY (c. 1557–1596), English diplomatist, was the second son of Sir Edward Unton, or Umpton (d. 1583), of Wadley, near Faringdon, Berkshire, his mother, Anne (d. 1588), being a daughter of Edward Seymour, duke of Somerset, the protector. Educated at Oriel College, Oxford, Unton became a member of parliament in 1584 and served with the English forces in the Netherlands in 1585 and 1586, being present at the skirmish of Zutphen. In 1586 he was knighted. In 1591, through the good offices of the earl of Essex, Unton was sent as ambassador to Henry IV. of France; he became very friendly with this king and accompanied him on a campaign in Normandy before he was recalled to England in June 1592. Again securing a seat in parliament he lost for a short time the favour of Queen Elizabeth; however, in 1593 he went again as ambassador to France. He died in the French camp at La Fere on the 23rd of March 1596, a collection of Latin verses being published in his memory at Oxford later in the year. This was edited by his chaplain, Robert Wright (1560–1643), afterwards bishop of Lichfield and Coventry.
There is an interesting picture in the National Portrait Gallery representing Unton and various scenes in his life. Many of his official letters are in the British Museum and in the Public Record Office, London. A collection of these was edited by Joseph Stevenson (1847), and some are printed in W. Murdiu’s Burghley Papers (1759).
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Upper Nile

In the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, references to the Upper Nile may refer to:
* the Nile river south of a certain point: anciently, the entire region south of about Cairo and, in British use, the river and its White (but not Blue) headwaters south of Aswan
* the Upper Nile mudiria (province) of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, with its capital at Kodok (Fashoda)
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Unna

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​UNNA, a town of Germany, in the Prussian province of Westphalia, 15 m. by rail E. of Dortmund, on the line to Hamm. Pop. (1905) 16,324. It has two Roman Catholic and two Protestant churches, a synagogue and several schools. Its chief industries are iron foundries, machine shops, salt works and breweries—other articles of manufacture being bricks and cement. In the middle ages Unna formed part of the electorate of Cologne. It received municipal rights in 1256 and was a member of the Hanseatic League.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Upholsterer

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​UPHOLSTERER, in modern usage, a tradesman who supplies coverings, cushions, padding and stuffing for chairs, sofas or beds, or who repairs the same, and more generally one who also provides carpets, curtains and household furniture. The word first appeared as “upholder,” then as “upholdster” or “upholster,” and finally with repetition of -er, as in “poulterer,” “upholsterer.” The first meaning seems to have been a broker or dealer in small wares. Probably the name was given to a broker who sold such goods by auction, holding them up to public view as is the manner of auction-rooms.
# 2002 Commemoration of Eid al-Adha

2002
I am pleased to send warm greetings to Muslims across the United States as you celebrate the Eid al-Adha holiday.
As you join in spirit with those gathered in Mecca to observe the traditions of one of your most sacred feasts, may you share joyful and reverent fellowship with family and friends.
During this special time, our Nation is reminded of the remarkable contributions of American Muslims to our history, culture, and way of life. Our spiritual foundation and common heritage will continue to guide us as we strive to strengthen our country and advance peace and goodness in our world.
Laura joins me in sending our best wishes for a joyous observance.
GEORGE W. BUSH
# 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami bulletins

* related portals: Miscellaneous material.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.

## Pacific Tsunami Warning Center
### Pacific bulletins

http://www.prh.noaa.gov/ptwc/olderwmsg

#### December 27, 2004 - 1535 UTC
### Hawaii bulletins

http://www.prh.noaa.gov/ptwc/olderhmsg

#### December 27, 2004
## West Coast and Alaska Tsunami Warning Center

http://wcatwc.arh.noaa.gov/old_msg.txt

### December 27, 2004 1534 UTC

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Walker, Obadiah

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​WALKER, OBADIAH (1616-1699), master of University College, Oxford, was born at Darfield near Barnsley, Yorkshire, and was educated at University College, Oxford, becoming a fellow and tutor of this society and a prominent figure in university circles. In July 1648 the action of parliament deprived him of his academic appointments, and he passed some years in teaching, studying and travelling, returning to Oxford at the restoration of 1660, and beginning a few years later to take a leading part in the work of University College. In June 1676 he was elected to the headship of this foundation, and in this capacity he collected money for some rebuilding, and forwarded the preparation, of a Latin edition of Sir John Spelman's Life of Alfred the Great, published by the college. This was the time of Titus Oates and the popish plots, and some of Walker's writings made him suspect; however, no serious steps were taken against him, although Oxford booksellers were forbidden to sell his book, The benefits of our Saviour Jesus Christ to mankind, and he remained a Protestant, in name at least, until the accession of James II. Soon after this event he came forward as ​a Roman Catholic, and he advised the new king with regard to affairs in Oxford, being partly responsible for the tactless conduct of James in forcing a quarrel with the fellows of Magdalen College. Mass was said in his residence, and later a chapel was opened in the college for the worship of the Roman Church; he and others received a royal licence to absent themselves from the services of the English Church, and he obtained another to supervise the printing of Roman Catholic books. In spite of growing unpopularity he remained loyal to James, and when the king fled from England Walker left Oxford, doubtless intending to join his master abroad. But in December 1688 he was arrested at Sittingbourne and was imprisoned; then, having lost his mastership, he was charged at the bar of the House of Commons with changing his religion and with other offences. Early in 1690 he was released from his confinement, and after subsisting for some years largely on the charity of his friend and former pupil, Dr John Radcliffe, he died on the 21st of January 1699.
Walker's principal writings are: Of education, especially of young gentlemen (Oxford, 1673, and six other editions); Ars rationis ad mentem nominalium libri tres (Oxford, 1673); and Greek and Roman History illustrated by Coins and Medals (London, 1692).
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Walker, Sears Cook

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​WALKER, SEARS COOK (1805–1853), American astronomer, was born at Wilmington, Massachusetts, on the 28th of March 1805. Graduating at Harvard in 1825, he was a teacher till 1835, was an actuary in 1835-1845, and then became assistant at the Washington observatory. In 1847 he took charge of the longitude department of the United States Coast Survey, where he was among the first to make use of the electric telegraph for the purpose of determining the difference of longitude between two stations, and he introduced the method of registering transit observations electrically by means of a chronograph. He also investigated the orbit of the newly discovered planet Neptune. He died near Cincinnati on the 30th of January 1853. His brother Timothy (1802-1856) was a leader of the Ohio bar.
See Memoirs of the Roy. Astr. Soc. vol. xxiii.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Walker, Thomas

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​WALKER, THOMAS (1784-1836), English police magistrate, best known as author of The Original, was born on the 10th of October 1784 at Charlton-cum-Hardy, near Manchester, where his father was a prosperous cotton merchant and an active Whig politician. He was educated at Cambridge and called to the bar, and after devoting some years mainly to the study of the Poor Law was made police magistrate in Lambeth in 1829. In 1835 he started his weekly publication The Original, containing his reflections on various social subjects and especially on eating and drinking; and it is in the history of gastronomy, and the art of dining, that this curious and amusing work is famous. The weekly numbers continued for six months, and subsequently were republished, after Walker's death on the 20th of January 1836, in an American selection (1837), in editions by W. B. Jerrold (with memoir) (1874), W. A. Guy (1875), and Henry Morley (1887), and in another selection of Sir Henry Cole (“Felix Summerley”), called Aristology (1881).