OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Ashwood, Bartholomew

​ASHWOOD, BARTHOLOMEW (1622–1680), puritan divine, was 'a Warwickshire man,' son of a clergyman of the same name (who matriculated at Magdalen College, Oxford, in 1591, also as a Warwickshire man, aged 13, and proceeded M.A. in 1601). He became a batter or commoner of St. Alban's Hall in the latter end of 1638, aged 16 years, and so was born 1621-2. But Anthony à Wood informs us: 'Having been puritanically educated, he was translated, after some continuance in the said hall, to Exeter College, and there put under a tutor puritanically then esteem'd, and took one degree in arts as a member of that college, and was soon beneficed and became a man of the times.' His 'benefice' was Bickleigh, Devonshire, and he is enrolled by Walker as one of the 'loyalist sufferers' (p. 182) of that parish. Walker assumes that he 'died under the usurpation,' i.e. the Commonwealth. But he lived to form one of the 'two thousand' by being 'ejected' in 1662 from Axminster in Devonshire. He continued to preach for many years, in spite of the severe restrictions imposed on nonconformists In his old age he seems to have been left in sore straits, and died 'about 1680.' His three books are: (1) 'The Heavenly Trade, or the Best ​Merchandizing, the only way to live well in impoverishing Times, a Discourse occasion'd from the Decay of earthly Trades and visible Wasts of practical Piety in the Days we live in, offering Arguments and Counsells; to all, towards a speedy Revival of dying Godliness,' &c. (1679); (2) 'The Best Treasure, or the Way to be truly Rich, being a Discourse on Ephesians iii. 8, wherein is opened and commended to Saints and Sinners the personal and purchased Riches of Christ as the best Treasure to be possessed' (1681); and (3) 'Groans for Sin' (1681). Rarely to be met with now, they prove him to have been a thinker of considerable originality, not without touches of graceful imaginativeness. Dr. John Owen wrote an admirable preface to the 'Best Treasure.'
A. B. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Burley, John (d.1333)

​BURLEY, JOHN (d. 1333), a Carmelite of Stamford, whom Leland mentions only in order to distinguish him from the better known Walter Burley. Pits, possibly confusing him with Walter, attributes to him commentaries on Porphyry, Aristotle, and Peter Lombard, and says also that he opposed the division of his order in England into provinces, a division which was, however, carried out. His name is not given in the ‘Bibliotheca Carmelitana,'
[Leland, De script. Brit. p. 355, Pits, De Rebus Anglicis, p. 428.]
A. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Burley, John (d.1647)

1904 Errata appended.
​BURLEY or BURLEIGH, JOHN (d. 1647), royalist captain, belonged, according to Clarendon, to a good family in the Isle of Wight. In a ‘List of his Magestie’s Navy Royall and Merchant Ships in 1642’ (Peacock, Army lists of the Roundheads and Cavaliers, p. 61) his name appears as captain of the Antelope. Clarendon states that being put out of his command when the fleet rebelled against the king he joined the army, in which he became a general of ordnance. At the end of the war he took up his residence in the Isle of Wight, and, unable to control his indignation when the king entered Newport a prisoner, he caused a drum to be beaten, to gather a force to rescue him from the castle. The attempt was so quixotic as scarcely to deserve any severer punishment than ridicule; but in such a serious light was it regarded by the parliament that a special commission of ​oyer and terminer was sent to try him at Winchester, by whom he was found guilty of high treason and condemned to death. He was accordingly executed 10 Feb. 1647.
[Winstanley’s Loyall Martyrology, pp. 12-13; Peacock’s Lists of the Roundheads and Cavaliers, 61; Clarendon's History of the Rebellion, v. 381, vi. 198, x. 145.]
T. F. H.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.43 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
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| 372 | ii | 19 f.e. | Burley, John: for 1647 read 1648 |
| 373 | i | 4 | for 1647 read 1647-8 |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Burman, Thomas

​BURMAN, THOMAS (fl. 1674), sculptor, whose works were devoid of merit, is only remembered as the master of John Bushnell [q. v.] He died on 17 March 1673-4, and was buried at St. Martin’s-in-the-Fields. In Henry Beale’s notebook an entry occurs on 18 May 1672 of the payment of 45l. to Burman for a monument set up for Beale’s father and mother at Walton in Buckinghamshire.
[Redgraves Dictionary of Artists (1878).]
L. F.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Burley, William

​BURLEY, WILLIAM (fl. 1436), speaker of the House of Commons, was the son of John Burley of Bromcroft Castle, high sheriff of Salop in 1409. Sir Simon Burley [q. v.], who was beheaded on 5 May 1388, but whose attainder was reversed in the following year, was his great-great-uncle. In 1417 William Burley was first elected a knight of the shire for Salop. In the returns of the next twenty-four parliaments his name is to he found as one of the members of this county no less than eighteen times. The last parliament in which he was returned was that which was summoned to meet at Westminster on 9 July 1455. He was chosen speaker of the House of Commons on 19 March 1436, in the place of Sir John Tyrrel, kt., who was compelled by illness to retire from the chair. In the following parliament William Tresham was elected speaker; however, on 26 Feb. 1444 Burley was again voted to the chair, and continued to preside over the house until the dissolution of that parliament.
Little is known either of his domestic or political life. In 1426 he executed the office of sheriff of Salop. He died without male issue, leaving two daughters and coheiresses, the eldest of whom married, first, Sir Philip Chetwynd of Ingestrie, and, secondly, Sir Thomas Lyttelton, the author of the 'Tenures.’ From this last marriage the resent Barons Lyttelton and Hatherton are descended. The youngest daughter, Elizabeth, married Sir Thomas Trussel of Billesley, Warwickshire.
[Manning's Lives of the Speakers (1851), pp. 85-91; Rot. Parl. iv. 502, v. 67; Parliamentary Papers, 1818, lxii. (pt. i.) 289-351; Notes and Queries, 4th ser. tx. 464.]
G. F. R. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Burn, John

​BURN, JOHN (1744?–1802), lawyer, the son of Richard Burn, LL.D. [q. v.], author of the ‘Justice of the Peace and Parish Officer,’ was born about 1744 at Orton in Westmoreland, where his father was rector. Though bred to the law, he did not practise, but his legal knowledge stood him in good stead in his capacity of magistrate for the counties of Westmoreland and Cumberland. The duties of this position he is said to have fulfilled with great intelligence and activity. He published no independent work of his own, but devoted himself to editing and continuing some of his father's legal writings. In 1792 he issued his continuation of Richard Burn’s ‘New Law Dictionary.’ The 16th, 17th, 18th, and 19th editions (1788-1800) of the ‘Justice of the Peace’ were edited and continued by him; and to the 17th (1793) he added an appendix, containing an act respecting aliens, other acts having regard to excise, to militia, to the maintenance of the families of ballotted men, to the appointment of guardians of the poor, and to traitorous correspondence with the enemy during the war with France.
Burn died at Orton Hall in Westmoreland, 20 Jan. 1802, aged 58.
[Beauties of England and Wales, xv. pt. ii.; European Magazine, xli. 238; Brit. Mus. Cat.]
A. M-l
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Farmer, Thomas

​FARMER, THOMAS (fl. 1685), composer, was originally one ‘of a company of musitians in London and played in the waytes’ (Wood, MS. Notes, Bodleian). He took the degree of Mus. B. at Cambridge in 1684, before which time he had contributed songs to Playford's ‘Choice Ayres, Songs, and Dialogues’ (2nd edit. 1675). One of these is described as ‘in the Citizen turn'd Gentleman.’ This was the sub-title of Ravenscroft's ‘Mammouchi,’ produced 1675. ‘Apollo's Banquet’ contains ‘Mr. Farmer's Magot,’ for violin. His instrumental compositions are entirely for strings, in three or four parts. He wrote the ‘tunes’ in ‘The Princess of Cleve,’ which appear in a set of manuscript parts dated December (16)82, owned by Thomas Fuller (Add. MS. 29283–5). Fuller possessed three other compositions in three parts by him (ib. 31429), and various overtures are contained in Add. MS. 24889. He contributed songs to ‘The Theater of Musick,’ 1685–7, and to D'Urfey's third collection, 1685. In 1686 appeared his own collection of airs in four parts, under the title of ‘A Consort of Musick,’ containing thirty-three lessons. A ‘Second Consort,’ containing eleven lessons, appeared in 1690. The date of his death is fixed only by the fact that Purcell wrote an elegy upon him to words by Nahum Tate, published in ‘Orpheus Britannicus,’ ii. 35, and beginning ‘Young Thyrsis' fate ye hills and groves deplore.’ This establishes the fact that Farmer died before November 1695, and it may be inferred that he died young. Hawkins says that his house was in Martlet Court, Bow Street, Covent Garden.
J. A. F. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Farish, William

1904 Errata appended.
​FARISH, WILLIAM (1759–1837), Jacksonian professor at Cambridge, born in 1759, was the son of a clergyman at Carlisle. He was educated in the Carlisle grammar school, and entered as a sizar of Magdalene College, Cambridge. He graduated B.A. in 1778, being senior wrangler and first Smith's prizeman; was elected fellow and appointed tutor of his college, and commenced M.A. in 1781. He was taxer in 1783 and proctor in 1792. In 1794 he was chosen professor of chemistry, and first sought to apply that science to the arts and manufactures, and to combine with its study the practical adjuncts of mechanics and engineering. In 1800 he was collated to the church of St. Giles, Cambridge. He became Jacksonian professor of natural and experimental philosophy in 1813, in succession to the Rev. Francis John Hyde Wollaston. In 1820 he took the degree of B.D., and in 1836 he was instituted to the rectory of Little Stonham, Suffolk, where he died on 12 Jan. 1837.
His only publications are: 1. ‘A Plan of a Course of Lectures on Arts and Manufactures, more particularly such as relate to Chemistry,’ Cambridge, 1796, 8vo, and again 1803 and 1821. 2. ‘Report of the Formation of the Cambridge Auxiliary Bible Society,’ 1812.
T. C.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.120 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
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| 208 | i | 38 | Farish, William: before In 1794 insert He was proctor in 1792. |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Farley, Charles

​FARLEY, CHARLES (1771–1859), actor and dramatist, was born in London in 1771 and entered the theatrical profession at an early age, making his appearance as a page at Covent Garden, London, in 1782. He soon was entrusted with characters of greater prominence, and by his impersonation of Osric in ‘Hamlet,’ Trip in the ‘School for Scandal,’ and similar parts rose to notice in the legitimate drama, but was better known as a melodramatic performer and as an efficient stage-manager. He was the instructor of Joseph Grimaldi, to whose Orson, when he made his first appearance in the character, 10 Oct. 1806, he played Valentine. He assisted Thomas Dibdin in the composition of ‘Harlequin and Mother Goose,’ produced at Covent Garden on 26 Dec. 1806, in which piece, played ninety-two nights, Grimaldi made his name famous. From 1806 to 1834 the Covent Garden pantomimes owed much of their success to his inventive mind and diligent superintendence. As a theatrical machinist he was in his time without a rival, and he was the originator of the incidents and tricks introduced into the dramas and pantomimes at this house. His Sanguinback in ‘Cherry and Fair Star,’ his Grindoff in ‘The Miller and his Men,’ a piece for which Sir H. R. Bishop wrote charming music, his Robinson Crusoe, and his Timour the Tartar were masterpieces of melodramatic acting. Jeremy, a fop, in ‘Love for Love,’ and Lord Trinket in the ‘Jealous Wife’ were also in his list of characters. His acting was in the old-fashioned noisy manner, with much gesture, a style which, however, then suited the taste of the patrons of the stage. He retired from public life in 1834, and died at his residence, 42 Ampthill Square, Hampstead Road, London, on 28 Jan. 1859.
He was the writer of: 1. Air, glees, and choruses in the pantomime called ‘Raymond and Agnes, or the Castle of Lindenburgh,’ 1797. 2. ‘The Magic Oak, a Christmas Pantomime,’ 1799. 3. ‘Aggression, or the Heroine of Yucatan,’ 1805. 4. ‘Harlequin and Mother Shipton. Arranged and produced by Mr. Farley,’ 1826. 5. ‘Henry IV, Part II. Arranged by Mr. Farley, with four additional scenes representing the Coronation in the Abbey,’ 1821. He also wrote many other pieces which were not printed.
G. C. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Farmer

​FARMER. [See also Fermor.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Barnet, John

​BARNET, JOHN (d. 1373), bishop successively of Worcester, Bath and Wells, and Ely, was chaplain to Thomas Lisle, who occupied the latter see from 1345 to 1361. He was collated to the prebend of Chamberlain Wood in the church of St. Paul in 1347, and to the prebend of Wolvey in the church of Lichfield in 1354. This latter prebend he exchanged for the archdeaconry of London. He was summoned to parliament in 1359. In 1362 he was, by virtue of the pope's bull of provision, consecrated bishop of Worcester; the next year he was made treasurer of England, and by another papal provision (24 Nov.) translated to Bath and Wells. By another bull, dated 15 Dec. 1366, he was translated to Ely. He resigned the office of treasurer of England in 1370. His death occurred at Bishop's Hatfield, Hertfordshire, on 7 June 1373, but his body was conveyed to Ely and buried in the cathedral on the south side of the high altar. A handsome monument of grey marble, with his effigies engraved on brass (now torn off), was there erected to his memory.
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jourdain, Silvester

​JOURDAIN or JOURDAN, SILVESTER (d. 1650), voyager, was son William Jourdain of Lyme Regis, Dorsetshire, and cousin of John Joumain [q. v.] In 1603, according to a record in the 'Port Book of Poole,' Silvester Jordain of Lyme ​ shipped some goods from that town (Hunter, Chorus Vatum, v. 196). In 1609 he accompanied his townsman, Sir George Summers, Sir Thomas Gates [q. v.], and Captain Newport, deputy governors of Virginia, on their voyage to America. They were wrecked on 28 July at Bermuda, then uninhabited, and took possession of it for the crown of England. On his return Jourdain wrote ‘A Discovery of the Barmudas, otherwise called the Ile of Divels,’ 4to, London, 1610 (reprinted, without acknowledgment, in 1613 in a ‘Plaine Description of the Barmudas,’ edited by W. C., and dedicated to Sir Thomas Smith). Other reprints are to be found in Hakluyt's ‘Collection of Voyages,’ 1809 and 1812, and in the Aungervyle Society's reprints, 1884. Shakespeare was well acquainted with Jourdain's ‘Discovery,’ and doubtless drew from it some hints for his ‘Tempest.’ Ariel talks of fetching dew from ‘the still-vexed Bermoothes’ (i. 2). Fletcher in ‘Women Pleased’ (i. 2) and Webster in ‘Duchess of Malfi’ (iii. 2) follow Jourdain in representing Bermudas as the home of devils and witches. Jourdain died unmarried in the parish of St. Sepulchre beyond Newgate, London, in the spring of 1650, his estate being administered on 28 May of that year by his brother John Jourdain the younger (Administration Act Book, P. C. C., 1650, f. 83 b).
Jourdain's brother, Ignatius Jourdain (1561–1640), went to Guernsey for a time, and became a prosperous merchant at Exeter. He was elected M.P. for that city in 1625, 1625–6, and 1627–8, and was also mayor. While deputy-mayor, in the great plague of 1625, he wrote letters to many towns in the western counties soliciting subscriptions for the numerous poor. He endeavoured to get passed a bill against adultery, which was brought in afterwards as Jourdain's Bill, and he was the first who promoted the bill for the observance of Sunday and against swearing (cf. Notes and Queries, 5th ser. iii. 445, 493). When the proclamation touching the rebellious practices in Scotland was read, in April 1639, in Exeter Cathedral, Jourdain exhibited such contempt that he was commanded either to apologise or appear before the council in London. He did neither (Cal. State Papers, Dom. 1639, pp. 53, 160, 469). He died on 15 July 1640, leaving a widow, Elizabeth, and children.
[Hutchinson's Dorsetshire, 3rd ed. ii. 75; F. Nicholls's Life of I. Jourdain, 1653; Cal. State Papers, Dom. 1627–33; will of I. Jourdain, registered in P. C. C. 130, Coventry.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Josselyn, John

​JOSSELYN, JOHN (fl. 1675), traveller, was second of two sons of Sir Thomas Josselyn, knt., of Willingale Doe, Essex, by his second wife, Theodora, daughter of Edmund Cooke of Lesnes Abbey, Erith, and Mount Mascall, Bexley, and widow of Clement Bere of Dartford, all in Kent (Lodge, Peerage of Ireland, ed. Archdall, iii. 266; Berry, County Genealogies, Kent, p. 472). At the invitation of his brother Henry (see below), he sailed for New England on 26 April, and arrived in Boston on 2 July 1638. There he paid visits to John Winthrop and John Cotton [q. v.] To the latter he delivered from Francis Quarles a metrical version of six of the Psalms for his approbation. He then went to Black Point, Scarborough, Maine, where his brother was settled, and stayed there until his return to England in October 1639. He paid his next visit to New England in 1663, arriving at Boston on 28 July, soon joined his brother at Scarborough, and remained with him for nearly eight years and a half. On his return home in December 1671 he published his impressions of the country in a curious book entitled ‘New-Englands Rarities discovered in birds, beasts, fishes, serpents, and plants of that country … Illustrated with cuts,’ 8vo, London, 1672 (reprinted with notes by Edward Tuckerman, Boston, 1865). Josselyn wrote also ‘An Account of two Voyages to New-England. Wherein you have the setting out of a ship, with the charges; … a description of the countrey, natives and creatures, with their merchantil and physical use; the government of the countrey, … a large chronological table of the most remarkable passages from the first discovering of the Continent of America to the year 1673,’ &c., 8vo, London, 1674; 2nd edit. 1675. The book was reprinted by the Massachusetts Historical Society in 1834 in their ‘Collections’ (3rd ser. vol. iii.), and again at Boston in 1869.
His elder brother, Henry Josselyn (d. 1683), was sent to New England by Captain John Mason, patentee of New Hampshire, and arrived at Piscataqua, Maine, in the summer of 1634. After Mason's death in 1635 he took service with Sir Ferdinando Gorges [q. v.] In 1636 and 1640 he was a member of the Maine government. By 1638 he had settled at Black Point, Scarborough, Maine. In 1643 he succeeded to the Cammock patent at Black Point, and in 1645 became deputy-governor of Maine. He was appointed a commissioner for the administration of the government in 1665. Conquered by the Indians in October 1676 he retired westwards. He was at Pemaquid, Maine, in 1682, and died in the early part of 1683 (New England Hist. and Genealog. Reg. xi. 31). By his marriage with Margaret, widow of Captain Thomas Cammock (d. 1643), he had a son Henry (Savage, Genealog. Dict. ii. 570–571). Both he and his brother were staunch royalists.
[Josselyn's Works; Douglas's British Settlements in North America, ii. 71; Hutchinson's Province of Massachusetts Bay, i. 267, 268; Sullivan's Maine, pp. 330–2; Allibone's Dict. of Engl. Lit. i. 1000; New England Hist. and Genealog. Reg. ii. 204.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jowett, William

1904 Errata appended.
​JOWETT, WILLIAM (1787–1855), divine, born in 1787, was son of J. Jowett of Newington, Surrey, and nephew of Joseph Jowett [q. v.] He was educated at St. ​John's College, Cambridge, of which he subsequently became a fellow, graduated B.A. as twelfth wrangler in 1810, and proceeded M.A. in 1813. In 1810 he won the Hulsean prize for an ‘Essay to prove that the propensity of the Jews to Idolatry before the Babylonish Captivity … affords no just ground for disbelieving the Miracles recorded in the Mosaic History’ (printed in 1811). He was the first Anglican clergyman who volunteered in 1813 for the foreign service of the Church Missionary Society. From 1815 to 1820 he laboured in the countries of the Mediterranean, and in 1823–4 in Syria and the Holy Land. He acted as clerical secretary of the Church Missionary Society from 1832 to 1840, and was successively lecturer at St. Mary, Aldermanbury, St. Peter, Cornhill, and Holy Trinity, Clapham. In 1851 he became incumbent of St. John, Clapham Rise. He died at Clapham on 20 Feb. 1855, and was buried in Lewisham churchyard. By his wife, who died on 24 June 1829, he had seven children.
His chief works are: 1. ‘Christian Researches in the Mediterranean from 1815 to 1820,’ 8vo, London, 1822; 3rd edition, 1824. 2. ‘Christian Researches in Syria and the Holy Land in 1823 and 1824,’ fol., London, 1825; 2nd edition, 8vo, 1826. 3. ‘Verses written on various occasions,’ 12mo, London, 1843 (privately printed). 4. ‘Scripture Characters (from the Old Testament),’ three series, 16mo, London, 1847–8. 5. ‘Scripture Characters from the New Testament,’ 8vo, London, 1850. Jowett wrote many other religious treatises, translated the Gospel of St. John into Italian and Maltese for the polyglot bible of 1822, edited with a memoir the ‘Remains’ of C. Neale, 1834 (and 1835), and contributed prefatory remarks to a ‘Memoir’ of W. A. B. Johnson, 1852.
[Gent. Mag. new ser. xliii. 436; Jowett's Works; Brit. Mus. Cat.]
G. G.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.170 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
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| | | l.l. | Jowett, William: after Surrey insert and nephew of Joseph Jowett [q. v.] |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Joy, Thomas Musgrave

1904 Errata appended.
​JOY, THOMAS MUSGRAVE (1812–1866), painter, born in 1812 at Boughton-Monchelsea, Kent, was the only son of Thomas Joy, a landed proprietor there. He was allowed to indulge an early predilection for art, and was sent to London to study under Samuel Drummond, A.R.A. [q. v.] In 1831 he exhibited at the Royal Academy for the first time. In the following year he exhibited at the Society of British Artists, and subsequently up to his death was a frequent contributor to its exhibitions and to the British Institution. He was patronised by Lord Panmure, who placed John Phillip [q. v.] with him as a pupil. In 1841 he was commissioned by the queen to paint portraits of the Prince and Princess of Wales. He was best known for his subject pictures, such as ‘Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme,’ ‘A Medical Consultation,’ or ‘Prayer.’ He also painted some successful portraits, notably those of Sir Charles Napier ​ and the Duke of Cambridge. In 1864 he painted a picture of the 'Meeting of the Subscribers to Tattersall's before the Races,' which contained portraits of the most noted patrons of the turf. Joy died of bronchitis on 7 April 1866, aged 63. In 1839 he married Eliza Rohde, daughter of Charles Spratt of Salisbury; he left two daughters.
L. C.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.170 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
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| 217 | i | 6 | Joy, Thomas M.: for 63 read 54 |