# United States ex rel. Harshman v. County Court of Knox Co.

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United States Supreme Court
122 U.S. 306
United States ex rel. Harshman v. County Court of Knox Co.
This is a proceeding by mandamus against the justices of the county court of Knox county to compel them to levy a tax sufficient to pay a judgment for $77,374.46, obtained by the relator, Harshman, on the twenty-eighth of March, 1881, against that county, in the circuit court for the Eastern district of Missouri. The information alleges that 'said judgment was recovered upon bonds and coupons issued by the said county in part payment of a subscription made by the said county on the ninth day of June, 1867, to the capital stock of the Missouri & Mississippi Railroad Company, a railroad company duly organized under the laws of the state of Missouri; that said subscription was authorized by a vote of the people of said county at a special election held pursuant to an order of the county court of said county on the twelfth day of March, 1867, under the seventeenth section of chapter 63 of the General Statutes of Missouri of 1866, then in force; that at said election two-thirds of the qualified voters of said county voted in favor of and assented to the making of said subscription; that relator has requested the said county court, and the justices thereof, to levy a special tax upon all property in said county made taxable by law for county purposes, and upon the actual capital that all merchants and grocers and other business men may have invested in business in said county, and to cause the said tax to be collected in money, and, when collected, to be applied in payment and discharge of said judgment; that the said county court, and the justices thereof, have refused and neglected to levy the said tax; that the said county has no property out of which the said judgment can be levied, and that relator has no other adequate remedy at law.'
The respondents made return to the alternative writ substantially as follows: They admit that the judgment of the relator was recovered upon bonds and coupons issued by the county of Knox in part payment of two subscriptions made by said county to the capital stock of the Missouri & Mississippi Railroad Company; but they deny that said subscriptions, or either of them, were authorized by a vote of the people of that county at either a general or special election held pursuant to an order of the county court of said county on the twelfth day of March, 1867, or at any other time, under the seventeenth section of chapter 63 of the General Statutes of Missouri, then in force. They deny that two-thirds of the qualified voters of Knox county ever voted in favor of or assented to making any subscription to the capital stock of the Missouri & Mississippi Railroad Company. They aver that in point of fact, on the thirteenth of May, 1867, the county court of said county made a subscription to the capital stock of said company in the sum of $100,000, and on the second of May, 1870, the said court made a further subscription to the capital stock of said company in the sum of $55,000; that, in payment of both of these subscriptions, the said court issued bonds in the denominations of $500 and $50; that 58 of the relator's said bonds are of the first of these issues, and 60 are of the second; that both of these subscriptions were made without the assent of two-thirds of the qualified voters of the county, and, indeed, without any vote being taken at all, and against the will of said qualified voters; that theyw ere made by authority only of section 13 of the charter of the Missouri & Mississippi Railroad Company, being an act of the general assembly of the state of Missouri entitled 'An act to incorporate the Missouri & Mississippi Railroad Company,' approved February 20, 1865; that each of relator's said bonds contains a recital that it is issued under and pursuant to orders of the county court of Knox county to the Missouri & Mississippi Railroad Company, for subscription to the capital stock of said company, as authorized by said act to incorporate the Missouri & Mississippi Railroad Company, approved February 20, 1865; and that said court has each year since the issue of said bonds levied a tax of one-twentieth of 1 per cent. upon the assessed value of all the taxable property in said county, and has caused the same to be extended on the tax books of said county for each year, and has had said tax collected for the purpose of paying said bonds and coupons; that Knox county has no money in its treasury with which to pay the relator's judgment, and that the judges of Knox county have no legal authority to levy any other or greater taxes than the taxes as hereinbefore stated, and no legal authority or power to levy, or cause to be collected, the special tax which the relator seeks to have imposed.
On the coming in of this return, the relator moved the court to quash the same on the ground that the matters and things therein set forth were inconsistent with and contradictory to the record of the judgment in the case. This motion was overruled by the court, to which ruling an exception was taken.
An answer to the return was filed by the relator, in which were set forth the various steps and proceedings taken, as therein alleged, by the authorities and people of the county of Knox in respect to the issue of the bonds on which the judgment was founded, claiming that an election was duly had by an order of the county court under the authority of the general laws of Missouri, in virtue of which the subscription to the stock of the railroad company was made, and the bonds in question issued. To this answer a replication was filed, and the case was submitted to a jury.
On the trial, as appears by a bill of exceptions duly taken, the relator offered to read in evidence the petition, summons, marshal's return, and judgment referred to in the information. On objection made by the respondents, the court ruled that these papers could not be read unless the relator would also read the bonds filed with said petition, to which ruling the relator excepted. The relator then put in evidence the said papers and also the said bonds.
The petition in the original action sets out 'that on the ninth day of June, 1867, defendant subscribed to the capital stock of the Missouri & Mississippi Railroad Company, a railroad company duly organized under the laws of this state, the sum of one hundred thousand dollars; that said subscription was authorized by a vote of the people of said county of Knox at a special election held pursuant to an order of the county court of said county on the twelfth day of March, 1867, under the seventeenth section of chapter 63 of the General Statutes of Missouri of 1866, then in force; that at said election two-thirds of the qualified voters of said county voted in favor of and assented to the making of said subscription; that, in part payment of said subscription, defendant, by its county court, executed and issued divers bonds, with coupons for interest attached; that, by each of said bonds, defendants promised to pay to bearer, at the National Bank of Commerce, in the city of New York, on the first day of February, 1878, the sum of five hundred dollars, with interest at the rate of seven per cent. per annum; that said coupons for interest were made and are payable on the first day of February of each year between the issuing of said bonds and the maturity thereof; that, by each of said coupons, defendant promised to pay bearer the sum of thirty-five dollars, being one year's interest on the bond to which it was attached; that, in further payment in part of said subscription, defendant executed and issued diverse other bonds, with coupons for interest attached; that by each of said bonds defendant promised to pay to bearer, at the National Bank of Commerce, in the city of New York, on the first day of February, 1880, the sum of five hundred dollars, with interest at the rate of seven per cent. per annum; that said coupons for interest were made payable on the first day of February of each year, between the issuing of said bonds and the maturity thereof; that, by each of said coupons, defendant promised to pay to bearer the sum of thirty-five dollars, being one year's interest on the bond to which it was attached.'
The petition also sets out that the plaintiff is the bearer and owner of diverse of said bonds and coupons, designated by numbers. The return of the summons shows that the writ was duly served, and judgment was rendered thereon March 28, 1881, by default, which sets forth that 'this action being founded upon certain bonds, and coupons for interest thereon, issued by said defendant, and described in the petition, the court finds that the plaintiff has sustained damages by reason of the non-payment thereof in the sum of $77,374.46. It is therefore considered by the court that the plaintiff, George W. Harshman, have and recover of the defendant, the county of Knox, as well as the said sum of $77,374.46, the damages aforesaid by the court assessed, as also the costs herein expended, and have thereof execution.'
Each of the bonds contains the following recital: 'This bond being issued under and pursuant to order of the county court of Knox county for sub scription to the stock of the Missouri & Mississippi Railroad Company, as authorized by an act of the general assembly of the state of Missouri, entitled 'An act to incorporate the Missouri & Mississippi Railroad Company,' approved February 20, 1865.'
The issues of fact submitted to the jury were as follows:
'First, was there an election held under the orders of the county court read in evidence, and did two-thirds of the qualified voters voting at said election cast their votes in favor of the subscription by the county court to the stock mentioned in said orders? Second, was the subscription to stock to the railroad company actually made, not, as recited in said bonds, under the charter of the M. & M. R. R. Co., but under the general law, whereby the authority to make such subscription and issue bonds therefor was dependent on the vote of the people? In other words, has the relator proved that, despite the recitals in the bonds, they were not issued as recited, but under the general law, and that said recitals in the bonds were made through mistake or inadvertence?'
At the conclusion of the evidence the court instructed the jury 'that, to overcome the recitals in the bonds issued by the county court under its seal, the evidence must be clear and positive, full and explicit, and that the burden of proving the alleged mistake, so as to overthrow the said recitals, is upon the relator in this case,' and 'that the evidence to overcome said recitals is insufficient.'
In answer to these questions the jury found in the affirmative on the first, and in the negative on the second; and thereupon the court entered a judgment in favor of the respondents, in which it is recited that it appeared to the court 'that there was an election held under orders of the county court of Knox county, and that two-thirds of the qualified voters voting at said election cast their votes in favor of the subscription by the said court to the stock mentioned in its orders, but that the subscription to the stock of the Missouri & Mississippi Railroad Company was actually made and the bonds issued, not, as alleged in the petition and alternative writ in this case, under the general law of the state of Missouri, but solely under and by virtue of an act of the genea l assembly of the state of Missouri, entitled 'An act to incorporate the Missouri & Mississippi Railroad Company,' approved February 20, 1865.'
The charter of the Missouri & Mississippi Railroad Company, referred to, incorporates it with power to construct a railroad from the town of Macon, in the county of Macon, in the state of Missouri, through the town of Edina, in the county of Knox, in said state, and thence to or near the north-east corner of said state, in the direction of Keokuk, in Iowa, or Alexandria, Missouri. The thirteenth section is as follows: 'Sec. 13. It shall be lawful for the corporate authorities of any city or town, the county court of any county desiring so to do, to subscribe to the capital stock of said company, and may issue bonds therefor, and levy a tax to pay the same, not to exceed one-twentieth of one per cent. upon the assessed value of taxable property for each year.'
On the other hand, sections 17 and 18 of the general railroad law (Gen. St. Mo. 1865, p. 338) provide as follows:
'Sec. 17. It shall be lawful for the county court of any county, the city council of any city, or the trustees of any incorporated town, to take stock for such county, city, or town in, or loan the credit thereof to, any railroad company, duly organized under this or any other law of the state: provided, that two-thirds of the qualified voters of such county, city, or town, at a regular or special meeting to be held therein, shall assent to such subscription.
'Sec. 18. Upon the making of such subscription by any county court, city, or town, as provided for in the previous section, such county, city, or town shall thereupon become, like other subscribers to such stock, entitled to the privileges granted and subject to the liabilities imposed by this chapter, or by the charter of the company in which such subscriptions shall be made; and, in order to raise funds to pay the installments which may be called for from time to time by the board of directors of such railroad, it shall be the duty of the county court, or city council or trustees of such town, making such subscription, to issue their bonds or levy a special tax upon all property made taxable by law for county purposes, and upon the actual capital that all merchants and grocers and other business men may have invested in business in the county, city, or town, to pay such installments, to be kept apart from other funds, and appropriated to no other purpose than the payment of such subscription.'
T. K. Skinker and J. B. Henderson, for plaintiff in error.
James Carr and Geo. D. Reynolds, for defendants in error.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 313-316 intentionally omitted]
MATTHEWS, J.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
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