OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Tweedie, Alexander

​TWEEDIE, ALEXANDER (1794–1884), physician, was born in Edinburgh on 29 Aug. 1794, and received his early education at the Royal High School of that city. In 1809 he commenced his medical studies at the university of Edinburgh, and about the same time becoming a pupil of a surgeon to the Royal Infirmary, named Wishart, distinguished himself in Edinburgh for his skill in ophthalmic disease. On 1 Aug. 1815 Tweedie took the degree of M.D., and, turning his attention to surgical pathology, in 1817 became a fellow of the Edinburgh College of Surgeons. He was then elected one of the two house-surgeons to the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary, Robert Liston (1794–1847) [q. v.] being the other. In 1818 Dr. Tweedie commenced practice in Edinburgh with the view of devoting himself to ophthalmic surgery, but in 1820 he removed to London, took a residence in Ely Place, and on 25 June 1822 was admitted a licentiate of the College of Physicians. He became a fellow of the college on 4 July 1838, was conciliarius in 1853, 1854, and 1855, and Lumleian lecturer in 1858 and 1859. In 1866 he was elected an honorary fellow of the King's and Queen's College of Physicians in Ireland.
In 1822 he was appointed assistant physician to the London Fever Hospital, and in 1824, on the retirement of John Armstrong (1784–1829) [q. v.], physician to the hospital, an office which he filled for thirty-eight years. He resigned it in 1861, when he was appointed consulting physician and one of the vice-presidents. In 1836 he was elected physician to the Foundling Hospital; he was also physician to the Standard Assurance Company, examiner in medicine at the university of London, and was an honorary member of the Medical Psychological Association. He was elected a fellow of the Royal Society on 8 Feb. 1838. He died at his residence, Bute Lodge, Twickenham, on 30 May 1884, continuing to practise at the age of eighty-nine years. ​Dr. Tweedie was a voluminous writer. He was joint-author with C. Gaselee of ‘A Practical Treatise on Cholera,’ 1832, 8vo, and was the original and sole projector of the ‘Cyclopædia of Practical Medicine’ (London, 1831–5, 4 vols. 8vo), comprising treatises on the nature and treatment of diseases, materia medica and therapeutics, and medical jurisprudence. Tweedie was a large contributor, and was one of the editors. He planned and edited the ‘Library of Medicine,’ in eight volumes, which appeared in 1840–42, 8vo; and was the author of ‘Clinical Illustrations of Fever’ (London, 1828, 8vo), and of ‘Lectures on the Distinctive Characters, Pathology, and Treatment of Continued Fevers,’ 1862, 8vo.
W. W. W.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Twells, Leonard

​TWELLS, LEONARD, D.D. (d. 1742), divine, received his education at Jesus College, Cambridge, whence he graduated B.A. in 1704 (Graduati Cantabr.) In 1722 he was presented to the vicarage of St. Mary's, Marlborough, Wiltshire (Waylen, Hist. of Marlborough, p. 506). He took the degree of M.A. at Oxford by diploma, 7 Dec. 1733, and was created D.D. in that university, 7 July 1740 (Foster, Alumni Oxon.) In 1737 he was presented to the united rectories of St. Matthew, Friday Street, and St. Peter, Cheapside, London. He was also a prebendary of St. Paul's, and one of the lecturers at St. Dunstan's-in-the-West. He died at Islington on 19 Feb. 1741–2, leaving a large family very destitute.
His works are: 1. ‘A Critical Examination of the late new Text and Version of the New Testament, wherein the editor [William Mace]'s corrupt text, false version, and fallacious notes are detected and censur'd,’ 3 parts, London, 1731–2, 8vo. 2. ‘A Vindication (and a Supplement to the Vindication) of the Gospel of St. Matthew, against a late tract entitled A Dissertation or inquiry concerning the canonical authority of the Gospel according to St. Matthew,’ 2 pts. London, 1735, 8vo. 3. ‘A Second Vindication of the Gospel of St. Matthew,’ London, 1735, 8vo. 4. ‘An Answer to the Enquiry into the meaning of Demoniacks in the New Testament,’ London, 1737, 8vo. 5. ‘An Answer to the Further Enquiry into the meaning of Demoniacks in the New Testament [by Arthur Ashley Sykes], in a second letter to the author,’ London, 1738, 8vo. 6. An edition, published by subscription, of ‘The Theological Works of Dr. Pocock. To which is prefixed an account of his life and writings,’ London, 1740, fol. 7. ‘Twenty-four Sermons preached … at the lecture founded by the Hon. R. Boyle, and eight Sermons preached … at the lecture founded by the Lady Moyer,’ 2 vols. London, 1743, 8vo; 2nd edit. 1755.
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Tuthill, George Leman

​TUTHILL, Sir GEORGE LEMAN (1772–1835), physician, born at Halesworth in Suffolk on 16 Feb. 1772, was the only son of John Tuthill, an attorney at Halesworth, by his wife Sarah, only daughter of James Jermyn of the same place. He received his education at Bungay under Mr. Reeve, and on 3 June 1790 was admitted sizar at Caius College, Cambridge. He was scholar of the college from Michaelmas 1790 to Michaelmas 1796. He graduated B.A. in 1794 (fifth wrangler), and was subsequently elected to present a university address to the king. Shortly after graduating he married Maria, daughter of Richard Smith of Halesworth. Having gone to Paris with his wife, he was included among the numerous English détenus; after a captivity of several years his wife was recommended to make a direct appeal to the generosity of the first consul. She presented her petition to Napoleon on his return from hunting, with a result that in a few days she and her husband were on their road to England. Tuthill then returned to Cambridge, proceeded M.A. in 1809, had a licence ad practicandum from the university dated 25 Nov. 1812, and graduated M.D. in 1816. He was elected a fellow of the Royal Society in 1810, and was admitted an inceptor candidate of the College of Physicians on 12 April 1813, a candidate on 30 Sept. 1816, and a fellow on 30 Sept. 1817. He was Gulstonian lecturer in 1818, and censor in 1819 and 1830. He was knighted on 28 April 1820. He was physician to the Westminster and to the Bridewell and Bethlehem hospitals, both of which appointments he held to the day of his death. He was a sound classical scholar and a good chemist. He was one of the most active members of the committee for the preparation of the ‘Pharmacopœia Londinensis’ of 1824, and was responsible for the language of the work itself. He published an English version coincidently with the original. He was also engaged on the ‘Pharmacopœia’ of 1836, but died before it appeared.
He was appointed to deliver the Harveian oration on 25 June 1835, and, with Sir Henry Halford [q. v.] and William George Maton [q. v.], was actively engaged in effecting wholesome reforms at the Royal College of Physicians in 1835.
He died at his house in Cavendish Square on 7 April 1835, and was buried at St. Albans on the 14th of the same month. There is a monument to his and his wife's memory at Cransford in Suffolk. He left an only daughter, Laura Maria, married to Thomas Bowett, a solicitor in London. His fine library was sold by Sotheby on 26 and 27 June 1835.
Besides the work mentioned he was the author of ‘Vindiciæ Medicæ, or a Defence of the College of Physicians,’ 1834, 8vo.
W. W. W.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Tuttiett, Lawrence

​ TUTTIETT, LAWRENCE (1825–1897), hymn-writer, born at Cloyton, Devonshire, in 1825, was the son of John Tuttiett, a surgeon in the royal navy. He was educated at Christ's Hospital and at King's College, London. He originally intended to devote himself to the study of medicine, but, changing his purpose, he was ordained deacon in 1848, and priest in the year following. At the beginning of his ministry he was under the influence of Kingsley and Maurice, but in later life he adopted the high-church principles of Pusey. In 1848 he became curate at St. Paul's, Knightsbridge, where William James Early Bennett was then vicar, and between 1849 and 1853 was successively curate of St. Thomas and Holy Trinity churches, Ryde. In 1853 he was appointed vicar of Lea Marston in Warwickshire, and in 1870 rector of St. Andrews in Scotland. In 1877 he was nominated canon of St. Ninian's Cathedral, Perth. He died at 3 Abbotsford Crescent, St. Andrews, on 21 May 1897.
Tuttiett is best known as a hymn-writer. In 1861 he published ‘Hymns for Churchmen,’ which he followed in 1862 by ‘Hymns for the Children of the Church,’ and in 1866 by ‘Through the Clouds: Thoughts in Plain Verse’ (London, 8vo). His hymns are distinguished by smoothness, simplicity of style, and deep earnestness. Several of them have come into very general use. Among the best known are: ‘Father, let me dedicate,’ and ‘Oh quickly come, dread Judge of all.’ He also published many devotional treatises, including ‘Amen: its true Meaning and proper Use,’ London, 1868, 8vo, and ‘Meditations on the Book of Common Prayer,’ London, 1872, 8vo.
E. I. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Tweedie, William Menzies

​TWEEDIE, WILLIAM MENZIES (1826–1878), portrait-painter, born at Glasgow in 1826, was the son of David Tweedie, a lieutenant in the marines. He was himself intended for the navy, but at six years of age he already showed such a talent for drawing portraits that his father was persuaded to allow him to study art. He entered the Edinburgh Academy at the age of sixteen, and remained there for four years, gaining a prize for the best copy of Etty's picture, ‘The Combat.’ In 1843 he exhibited a portrait in oils at the Royal Scottish Academy. In 1846 he came to London and became a student at the Royal Academy. He afterwards studied for three years at Paris under Thomas Couture. In 1847 his ‘Summer’ appeared at the Royal Academy, but he did not exhibit there again till 1856, when he sent a portrait of (Sir) Austen Henry Layard. From that year till 1859 he resided in Rodney Street, Liverpool. He exhibited four pictures, studies and figure-subjects, at the British Institution, 1857–60, and thirty-three in all, portraits with a very few exceptions, at the Royal Academy. He settled in London in 1859, and resided at first in Baker Street, but after 1862 at 44 Piccadilly. His pictures were not always accepted at the Royal Academy, and after 1874 they were invariably refused. This failure affected his health, and he died on 19 March 1878.
C. D.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1912 supplement/Boyle, Edward

​BOYLE, Sir EDWARD, first baronet (1848–1909), legal writer, born in London on 6 Sept. 1848, was elder son of Edward O'Boyle, civil engineer, of London, by his wife Eliza, daughter of James Gurney of Culloden, Norfolk. He was educated privately for the army, but finally became a surveyor, and was elected a fellow of the Surveyors' Institution in 1878. After some twenty years' practice of that profession, he forsook it for the bar, to which he was called at the Inner Temple on 17 Nov. 1887. He rapidly acquired a lucrative practice as an expert in rating and compensation cases, utilising the experience gained in his former profession, and took silk in 1898. Interesting himself in politics, he contested as a conservative Hastings in 1900 and Rye in 1903 unsuccessfully. He was created a baronet on 14 Dec. 1904. In the arbitration as to the purchase by the Straits Settlements government of the Tanjong Pagar Dock Company in 1905 Boyle acted as the arbitrator nominated by the company under the authority of a special ordinance (Straits Settlements Ordinance vii. of 1905, s. ii.). At the general election in Jan. 1906 he was returned M.P. for Taunton. Ill-health compelled his retirement from parliament in 1909. He travelled widely and was a F.R.G.S. He died at his London residence, 63 Queen's Gate, on 19 March 1909. Portraits by the Hon. John Collier and in the robes of a K.C. by Herbert Olivier are in the possession of his son, who presented a replica of the latter picture to the Surveyors' Institution.
Boyle married on 18 March 1874 Constance Jane, younger daughter of William Knight, J.P., of Kensington Park Gardens, senior partner of Knight & Sons, soap manufacturers, of Silvertown, E., and had issue a son, Edward (b. 12 June 1878), who succeeded him in the baronetcy, and a daughter.
Boyle was joint author of three important legal treatises: 1. ‘Principles of Rating,’ with G. Humphreys Davies, 1900; 2nd edit. 1905. 2. ‘Railway and Canal Traffic,’ with Thomas Waghorn (d. 1 Dec. 1911), 3 vols. 1901. 3. ‘The Law and Practice of Compensation,’ with Thomas Waghorn, 1903.
[The Times, 20 March 1909; Burke's Peerage, 1909; Law List, 1908; Dod's Parliamentary Companion, 1907; private information.]
C. E. A. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1912 supplement/Boyle, George David

​BOYLE, GEORGE DAVID (1828–1901), dean of Salisbury, born at Edinburgh, on 17 May 1828, was eldest child of David Boyle, Lord Boyle [q. v.], Scottish judge, by his second wife, Camilla Catherine, eldest daughter of David Smythe of Methven, Lord Methven. As 'a small, shy child' he saw Sir Walter Scott in his father's study (Recollections, p. 2). Educated first at Edinburgh Academy and by a private tutor, he went in 1843 to Charterhouse. In June 1846 he matriculated at Exeter College, Oxford, went into residence in April 1847, and graduated B.A. in 1851, M.A. in 1853. In London, as at Edinburgh, family connections brought him, while a schoolboy, the acquaintance of persons of literary distinction and he developed a precocious interest in the Oxford movement; but the influence of John Campbell Shairp [q. v.], whom he met first in 1838, and who became a lifelong ​friend, preserved him from partisanship (cf. his recollections of Shairp in Principal Shairp and his Friends, 1888). Ordained deacon in 1853 and priest in 1854, Boyle was from 1853 till 1857 curate of Kidderminster under Thomas Legh Claughton [q. v. Suppl. I], and from 1857 to 1860 of Hagley. In 1860 he 'had three offers of new work at once' and he chose the incumbency of St. Michael's, Handsworth, Birmingham (Recollections, p. 203). He entered into the public life of Birmingham, especially on its educational side, was a governor of King Edward VI's school, and numbered amongst his friends men differing as widely as John Henry Newman, George Dawson, and Robert William Dale. In 1867 Boyle became vicar of Kidderminster, where he won universal confidence. He was chairman of the first school board for Kidderminster, acted as arbitrator in an industrial dispute, promoted the building of an infirmary, and greatly developed the church schools.
In 1880 Boyle was appointed dean of Salisbury. A sum of 14,000l. was spent on the cathedral under his direction. His love of literature and his acquaintance with men of affairs continued to widen his interests (cf. Grant-Duff, Notes from a Diary, 1886-8, i. 119-21). On ecclesiastical controversy, in which he took no active part, he exercised a moderating influence. He died suddenly of heart failure at Salisbury on 21 March 1901. He married, in 1861, Mary Christiana, daughter of William Robins of Hagley, and left no issue. A mural tablet and a window to his memory are in Salisbury Cathedral, and a portrait in oils in the Church House, Salisbury. Boyle edited with notes 'Characters and Episodes of the Great Rebellion, selected from the History and Autobiography of Edward Earl of Clarendon' (1889), and also published a small volume on 'Salisbury Cathedral' (1897). In his 'Recollections' (1895, with portrait) he gives a full account of his intercourse with men of letters and affairs.
[Boyle's Recollections, 1895; The Times, 22 March 1901; Guardian, 27 March 1901, 12 Nov. 1902 ; Foster's Alumni Oxon. ; private information.]
A. R. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1912 supplement/Brand, Herbert Charles

​BRAND, HERBERT CHARLES ALEXANDER (1839–1901), commander R.N., born on 10 July 1839 at Bathwick, Somersetshire, was son of Charles Brand by his wife Caroline Julia Sanders. He entered the navy in December 1851, and as a midshipman served on the Britannia flagship in the Black Sea in 1854, and in the Colossus in the Baltic in 1855, thus getting the Baltic medal in addition to the Crimean, with the Sebastopol clasp, and the Turkish. He was appointed in 1856 to the Calcutta, going out to China as the flagship of Sir Michael Seymour (1802-87) [q. v.]. While in her he was present at the destruction of the junks in Fatshan Creek, at the capture of Canton, and at the capture of the Taku forts in 1858. Afterwards, as a sub-lieutenant of the Cruiser, he took part in the unsuccessful attack on the Taku forts (25 June 1859) [see Hope, Sir James], and the next day received from the commander-in-chief his promotion to the rank of lieutenant. In 1865, still a lieutenant, he commanded the Onyx gun-vessel on the West Indian station, and gave efficient support to the military in suppressing the revolt of the negroes in Morant Bay [see Eyre, Edward John, Suppl. II; Nelson, Sir Alexander Abercromby], and sat as president of the court-martial held, by order of the general in command, on the ringleaders. For this service he was officially thanked by the governor, the ​general and the assembly; but at home the humanitarians, unable to realise the urgency of a danger to which themselves and their families had not been exposed, preferred charges of murder against both Nelson and Brand, which were inquired into by the magistrate at Bow Street in February 1867. On 10 April they were brought up for trial at the Old Bailey, when Lord Justice Cockburn ended his very full charge to the grand jury with the statement that, 'if ever there were circumstances which justified the application of martial law, in his judgment they were to be found in this case.' As a result, the grand jury found 'no true bill,' and the prisoners were discharged. If, in addition to the stern resolution which had made his services valuable in Jamaica, Brand had possessed the useful quality of discretion, he would probably have been rewarded for his good and disagreeable services; but he permitted his temper to rule his action and to dictate several ill-judged letters to his principal accusers, who promptly published them, and thus held him up to public opprobrium as a quarrelsome bully. These letters forced the admiralty to the conclusion that he could not be promoted, and thus, though employed for some little time in the command of a gun vessel on the coast of Ireland during the Fenian troubles, he was virtually shelved some time before his retirement with the nominal rank of commander in July 1883. He died at Bath early in June 1901.
[Royal Navy Lists; Annual Registers; Irving, Annals of our Time (see Index, s. w. Brand, Eyre, Nelson, Jamaica); Hamilton Hume, Life of Edward John Eyre, 1867; The Times, 11 June 1901.]
J. K. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1901 supplement/Bailey, John Eglington

​BAILEY, JOHN EGLINGTON (1840–1888), antiquary, born at Edgbaston, Birmingham, on 13 Feb. 1840, was the son of Charles Bailey, by his wife Mary Elizabeth, daughter of John Eglington of Ashbourne. His parents removed during his childhood to Lancashire. Educated at Boteler's grammar school, Warrington, he entered in his teens the counting-house of Ralli Brothers, Manchester, and continued there till 1886. He completed his education by attending evening classes at Owens College, learned Pitman's shorthand, and contributed articles to short-hand manuscript or lithographed magazines. He very early interested himself in Thomas Fuller (1608–1661) [q. v.], delivered a lecture on him to the Manchester Phonographic Union, which was printed in Henry Pitman's 'Popular Lecturer,' and devoted his holidays to visiting Fuller's various places of residence. In 1874, as the fruit of long researches, Bailey published a life of Fuller, which gained him admission into the Society of Antiquaries, He also became honorary secretary to the Chetham Society, Manchester, and he was a contributor to the earliest volumes of the 'Dictionary of National Bio​graphy.' In 1881 he started a monthly antiquarian magazine, the 'Palatine Note-Book,' which ran for just over four years and ceased with the forty-ninth number in 1885. He collected many works on stenography with a view to writing a history of that art, and he possessed a valuable library of antiquarian and general literature. In 1886 illness put an end to his studies and projects. He died at Manchester on 23 Aug. 1888, and was buried at Stretford church on 27 Aug. His collection of Fuller's sermons, completed and edited by Mr. W. E. A. Axon, was published in 1891.
His other works, irrespective of contributions to the Chetham Society, include: 1. 'Life of a Lancashire Rector during the Civil War,' 1877. 2. 'The Grammar School of Leigh,' 1879. 3. 'John Whitaker,' 1879. 4. 'John Dee and the Steganographia of Trithemius,' 1879. He edited reprints of 'Manchester Al Mondo,' 1880; Dee's 'Diary,' 1880; and John Byrom's ' Journal,' 1882.
[Personal knowledge; Academy, 8 Sept. 1888; Manchester Quarterly, October 1888; Manchester Guardian, 24 Aug. 1888; A List of the Writings of John Eglington Bailey, by Ernest Axon, 1889; Notes and Queries, 7th ser. vi. 180; H. Brierley's Morgan Brierley, 1900.]
J. G. A.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1901 supplement/Baden-Powell, George

​BADEN-POWELL, Sir GEORGE (1847–1898), author and politician, [See Powell.]
# Dictionary of the Swatow dialect/teh
### teh

* 壓teh10693214
* To crush; to press down upon; a weight.

#### teh kàu bih-bih;

    crushed it flat.

#### teh tīo;

    crushed out.

#### teh i sît;

    press it down solid.

#### cṳ-cheh teh;

    a bookweight.

#### tâng teh;

    a brass paper-weight.

#### teh m̄ kín;

    it does not press it down tightly.

#### chù tó̤, teh sí nâng;

    the house fell, and crushed some people under it.

#### ôi teh tîeh nâng a bŏi?

    Was any one crushed under it?

#### teh tăng tàⁿ;

    crushed under a heavy burden.

#### sin-khó kâi nâng, taⁿ-taⁿ teh-teh;

    one who has a hard lot, and is heavily burdened.

#### màiⁿ teh khah tăng;

    do not lay on too heavy a weight.

#### hău-seⁿ kíaⁿ ŏi taⁿ ŏi teh;

    young people can bear up under heavy burdens.
* 着teh801236
A move in chess.

#### teh kî;

    to play chess.

#### teh bô̤ nŏ̤ pûaⁿ kî, jît cū àm;

    before we had played two games of chess it was sundown.

#### i kâi kî teh îaⁿ i;

    he beat him at chess.