OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Franklin D. Roosevelt to Winston Churchill (December 10, 1941) Draft B

* related portals: World War II.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
PERSONAL AND SECRET
December 10, 1941.
FOR FORMER NAVAL PERSON FROM THE PRESIDENT
In August it was easy to agree on obvious main items -- Russian aid, Near East aid and new form Atlantic convoy -- but I question whether situation in Pacific area is yet clear enough to make determination of that decisive character. Delay of even a couple of weeks might be advantageous.
 I would like to suggest delay in decision reference to conference until early stages of mobilization complete here and situation in Pacific more clarified. We will be in close touch with you during the next few days relative to joint operations. Your and our defensive position in the Pacific requires our naval staff to do everything to tighten that up. Believe developing war will give both you and me a much clearer picture as to whether and when a conference should be held in the near future.
 The production and allocation problems are being worked out with complete understanding and accord. Because of the naval situation, Hawaii and West Coast, we shall have to use allotted planes for about three weeks but expect to resume regular schedule of shipments to you and Russia by January first. Practically all other Lend Lease articles are continuing to be shipped.
 I think our joint Atlantic position is good. Please let me have your guess as to use of French Fleet against us.
 I suggest we defer decision on your visit for about one week. Situation ought to be much clearer then.
F. D. R.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Franklin D. Roosevelt to Winston Churchill (July 10, 1941)

* related portals: World War II.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
Source: U.S. National Archives and Records Administration
​TELEGRAM
TO: AMEMBASSY LONDON
SECRET FROM THE PRESIDENT TO THE FORMER NAVAL PERSON
I HAVE GIVEN CONSIDERATION TO YOUR RECENT CABLE RELATIVE TO A JOINT ANGLO-AMERICAN TANK BOARD. WE HAVE HAD HERE FOR SOME MONTHS A JOINT BRITISH-AMERICAN TANK BOARD WHICH WE THINK HAS DONE SOME VERY GOOD WORK IN COORDINATING DESIGNS AND PRODUCTION. IT MAY BE THAT IT SHOULD HAVE SOME ADDITIONAL MEMBERS ON IT BUT I THINK IT WOULD BE VERY UNWISE TO CREATE A NEW BOARD IN THE LIGHT OF THE GOOD START WE HAVE ALREADY MADE. I HAVE TAKEN STEPS TO GET OUR TANK PRODUCTION VERY SUBSTANTIALLY INCREASED AND WILL LET YOU KNOW SOON THE NEW ESTIMATES.
ROOSEVELT
HLH/lmb 7/10/41
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Franklin D. Roosevelt to Winston Churchill (December 10, 1941) Telegraph

* related portals: World War II.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
Source: U.S. National Archives and Records Administration
THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON
(SENT AS OPNAV'S 110030 CR 0665)
PERSONAL AND SECRET
FOR FORMER NAVAL PERSON FROM THE PRESIDENT
DELIGHTED TO HAVE YOU HERE AT WHITE HOUSE. IMPOSSIBLE FOR ME TO LEAVE COUNTRY DURING INTENSIVE MOBILIZATION AND CLARIFICATION NAVAL ACTION IN PACIFIC.
I KNOW YOU WILL BEAR IN MIND THAT THE PRODUCTION AND ALLOCATION PROBLEMS CAN AND WILL BE WORKED OUT WITH COMPLETE UNDERSTANDING AND ACCORD. WE SHALL HAVE TO USE ALLOTTED PLANES FOR ABOUT THREE WEEKS BUT HOPE TO RESUME SCHEDULE OF SHIPMENTS TO YOU AND RUSSIA BY JANUARY FIRST. PRACTICALLY ALL OTHER LEND LEASE ARTICLES ARE CONTINUING TO BE SHIPPED. DETAILS OF PRODUCTION AND ALLOCATION CAN BE HANDLED AT LONG RANGE.
NAVAL SITUATION AND OTHER MATTERS OF STRATEGY REQUIRE DISCUSSION.
MY ONE RESERVATION IS GREAT PERSON RISK TO YOU---BELIVE THIS SHOULD BE GIVEN MOST CAREFUL CONSIDERATION FOR THE EMPIRE NEEDS YOU AT THE HELM AND WE NEED YOU THERE TOO.
THE NEWS IS BAD BUT IT WILL BE BETTER.
WARM REGARDS
ROOSEVELT
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Franklin D. Roosevelt to Winston Churchill (December 10, 1941) Telegraph Copy

* related portals: World War II.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
Source: U.S. National Archives and Records Administration
PERSONAL AND SECRET
December 10, 1941.
FOR FORMER NAVAL PERSON FROM THE PRESIDENT
Delighted to have you here at White House. Impossible for me to leave country during intensive mobilization and clarification naval action in Pacific.
 I know you will bear in mind that the production and allocation problems can and will be worked out with complete understanding and accord. We shall have to use allotted planes for about three weeks but hope to resume schedule of shipments to you and Russia by January first. Practically all other lend lease articles are continuing to be shipped. Details of production and allocation can be handled at long range.
 Naval situation and other matters of strategy require discussion.
 My one reservation is great person risk to you -- believe this should be given most careful consideration for the Empire needs you at the helm and we need you there too.
 The news is bad but it will be better.
 Warm regards
 ROOSEVELT
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Franklin D. Roosevelt to Winston Churchill (December 12, 1941)

* related portals: World War II.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
Source: U.S. National Archives and Records Administration
S COPY:MA
December 12, 1941
AMERICAN EMBASSY,
 LONDON, (ENGLAND).
 TRIPLE PRIORITY
 Your 6012, December 12, 11 a.m.
 MOST SECRET AND PERSONAL FROM THE PRESIDENT FOR THE PRIME MINISTER.
 Thanks so much for your message. I am in entire agreement and orders have already been issued for the diversion of the convoy, as requested.
HULL
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Genius Loci

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "Genius Loci."
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* "Genius Loci", poem by Richard Aldington
* "Genius Loci" short story by Clark Ashton Smith (may still be under copyright)
# Genius, and other essays/front matter

BOOKS BY MR. STEDMAN
Victorian Poets. Poets of America. The Nature and Elements of Poetry. A Victorian Anthology. 1837-1895. An American Anthology. 1787-1900. Poems. Household Edition.
Life and Letters of Edmund Clarence Stedman
By Laura Stedman and George M. Gould, M.D. Large 8vo. Two volumes. Illustrated. $7.50 net.
# Gentile v. State Bar of Nevada/Concurrence O'Connor

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
* Concurring Opinion O'Connor
Justice O'CONNOR, concurring.
I agree with much of THE CHIEF JUSTICE's opinion. In particular, I agree that a State may regulate speech by lawyers representing clients in pending cases more readily than it may regulate the press. Lawyers are officers of the court and, as such, may legitimately be subject to ethical precepts that keep them from engaging in what otherwise might be constitutionally protected speech. See In re Sawyer, 360 U.S. 622, 646-647, 79 S.Ct. 1376, 1388-1389, 3 L.Ed.2d 1473 (1959) (Stewart, J., concurring in the result). This does not mean, of course, that lawyers forfeit their First Amendment rights, only that a less demanding standard applies. I agree with THE CHIEF JUSTICE that the "substantial likelihood of material prejudice" standard articulated in Rule 177 passes constitutional muster. Accordingly, I join Parts I and II of THE CHIEF JUSTICE's opinion.
For the reasons set out in Part III of Justice KENNEDY's opinion, however, I believe that Nevada's rule is void for vagueness. Subsection (3) of Rule 177 is a "safe harbor" provision. It states that "notwithstanding" the prohibitory language located elsewhere in the rule, "a lawyer involved in the investigation or litigation may state without elaboration . . . [t]he general nature of the claim or defense." Gentile made a conscious effort to stay within the boundaries of this "safe harbor." In his brief press conference, Gentile gave only a rough sketch of the defense that he intended to present at trial-i.e., that Detective Scholl, not Grady Sanders, stole the cocaine and traveler's checks. When asked to provide more details, he declined, stating explicitly that the ethical rules compelled him to do so. Ante, at 1049. Nevertheless, the disciplinary board sanctioned Gentile because, in its view, his remarks went beyond the scope of what was permitted by the rule. Both Gentile and the disciplinary board have valid arguments on their side, but this serves to support the view that the rule provides insufficient guidance. As Justice KENNEDY correctly points out, a vague law offends the Constitution because it fails to give fair notice to those it is intended to deter and creates the possibility of discriminatory enforcement. See Pacific Mutual Life Insurance Co. v. Haslip, --- U.S. ----, ----, 111 S.Ct. 1032, 1056, 113 L.Ed.2d 1 (1991) (O'CONNOR, J., dissenting). I join Parts III and VI of Justice KENNEDY's opinion and would reverse the judgment of the Nevada Supreme Court on that basis.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Genocide Act

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "Genocide Act."
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* Genocide Act 1969 (c. 12), an UK Act of Parliament that gives effect to the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. Repealed by the International Criminal Court Act 2001 (c. 17).
* Genocide Act, 1973 (No. 28 of 1973), an Irish Act that gives effect to the same Convention. Repealed by the International Criminal Court Act 2006 (No. 30 of 2006).

## See also

* Genocide Convention Act 1949 (Cth.), an Australian Act that approves Australia's ratification of the same convention. Criminal provisions are codified in Chapter 8, Division 268 of the Criminal Code (Cth.).
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Antitype

See also Typology (theology) on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​ANTITYPE (Gr. ἀντίτυπος), the correlative of “type,” to which it corresponds as the stamp to the die, or vice versa. In the sense of copy or likeness the word occurs in the Greek New Testament (Heb. ix. 24; 1 Peter iii. 21), English “figure.” By theological writers antitype is employed to denote the reality of which a type is the prophetic symbol. Thus, Christ is the antitype of many of the types of the Jewish ritual. By the fathers of the Greek church (e.g. Gregory Nazianzen) antitype is employed as a designation of the bread and wine in the sacrament of the Lord’s Supper.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Antofagasta

See also Antofagasta and Antofagasta Province on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​ANTOFAGASTA, a town and port of northern Chile and capital of the Chilean province of the same name, situated about 768 m. N. of Valparaiso in 23° 38′ 39″ S. lat. and 70° 24′ 39″ W. long. Pop. (est. 1902) 16,084. Antofagasta is the seaport for a railway running to Oruro, Bolivia, and is the only available outlet for the trade of the south-western departments of that republic. The smelting works for the neighbouring silver mines are located here, and a thriving trade with the inland mining towns is carried on. The town was founded in 1870 as a shipping port for the recently discovered silver mines of that vicinity, and belonged to Bolivia until 1879, when it was occupied by a Chilean military force.
The province of Antofagasta has an area of 46,611 sq. m. lying within the desert of Atacama and between the provinces of Tarapacá and Atacama. It is rich in saline and other mineral deposits, the important Caracoles silver mines being about 90 m. north-east of the port of Antofagasta. Like the other provinces of this region, Antofagasta produces for export copper, silver, ​silver ores, lead, nitrate of soda, borax and salt. Iron and manganese ores are also found. Besides Antofagasta the principal towns are Taltal, Mejillones, Cobija (the old capital) and Tocopilla. Up to 1879 the province belonged to Bolivia, and was known as the department of Atacama, or the Litoral. It fell into the possession of Chile in the war of 1879–82, and was definitely ceded to that republic in 1885.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Antiquary

See also Antiquarian on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​ANTIQUARY, a person who devotes himself to the study of ancient learning and “antiques,” i.e. ancient objects of art or science. The London Society of Antiquaries was formed in the 18th century to promote the study of antiquities. As early as 1572 a society had been founded by Bishop Matthew Parker, Sir Robert Cotton, William Camden and others for the preservation of national antiquities. This body existed till 1604, when it fell under suspicion of being political in its aims, and was abolished by James I. Papers read at their meetings are preserved in the Cottonian library and were printed by Thomas Hearne in 1720 under the title A Collection of Curious Discourses, a second edition appearing in 1771. In 1707 a number of English antiquaries began to hold regular meetings for the discussion of their hobby and in 1717 the Society of Antiquaries was formally reconstituted, finally receiving a charter from George II. in 1751. In 1780 George III. granted the society apartments in Somerset House, Strand. The society is governed by a council of twenty and a president who is ex officio a trustee of the British Museum. The present headquarters of the society are at Burlington House, Piccadilly.
The Society of Antiquaries of Scotland was founded in 1780, and has the management of a large national antiquarian museum in Edinburgh. In Ireland a society was founded in 1849 called the Kilkenny Archaeological Society, holding its meetings at Kilkenny. In 1869 its name was changed to the Royal Historical and Archaeological Association of Ireland, and in 1890 to the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland, its office being transferred to Dublin. In France La Société Nationale des Antiquaires de France was formed in 1814 by the reconstruction of the Académie Celtique, which had existed since 1805. The American Antiquarian Society was founded in 1812, with its headquarters at Worcester, Mass. It has a library of upwards of 100,000 volumes and its transactions have been published bi-annually since 1849. In Germany the Gesamtverein der Deutschen Geschichts-und Altertumsvereine was founded in 1852. La Société Royale des Antiquaires du Nord at Copenhagen is among the best known of European antiquarian societies.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Antique

See also Antiquities and Ancient art on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​ANTIQUE (Lat. antiquus, old), a term conventionally restricted to the remains of ancient art, such as sculptures, gems, medals, seals, &c. In a limited sense it applies only to Greek and Roman art, and includes neither the artistic remains of other ancient nations nor any product of classical art of a later date than the fall of the western empire.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Antistrophe

See also Antistrophe on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​ANTISTROPHE, the portion of an ode which is sung by the chorus in its returning movement from west to east, in response to the strophe, which was sung from east to west. It is of the nature of a reply, and balances the effect of the strophe. Thus, in Gray’s ode called “The Progress of Poesy,” the strophe, which dwelt in triumphant accents on the beauty, power and ecstasy of verse, is answered by the antistrophe, in a depressed and melancholy key—
“Man’s feeble race what ills await, Labour, and Penury, the racks of Pain, Disease and Sorrow’s weeping Train, And Death, sad refuge from the storms of Fate,” &c.
When the sections of the chorus have ended their responses, they unite and close in the epode, thus exemplifying the triple form in which the ancient sacred hymns of Greece were composed, from the days of Stesichorus onwards. As Milton says, “strophe, antistrophe and epode were a kind of stanza framed only for the music then used with the chorus that sang.”
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Antithesis

See also Antithesis on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​ANTITHESIS (the Greek for “setting opposite”), in rhetoric, the bringing out of a contrast in the meaning by an obvious contrast in the expression, as in the following:—“When there is need of silence, you speak, and when there is need of speech, you are dumb; when present, you wish to be absent, and when absent, you desire to be present; in peace you are for war, and in war you long for peace; in council you descant on bravery, and in the battle you tremble.” Antithesis is sometimes double or alternate, as in the appeal of Augustus:—“Listen, young men, to an old man to whom old men were glad to listen when he was young.” The force of the antithesis is increased if the words on which the beat of the contrast falls are alliterative, or otherwise similar in sound, as—“The fairest but the falsest of her sex.” There is nothing that gives to expression greater point and vivacity than a judicious employment of this figure; but, on the other hand, there is nothing more tedious and trivial than a pseudo-antithetical style. Among English writers who have made the most abundant use of antithesis are Pope, Young, Johnson, and Gibbon; and especially Lyly in his Euphues. It is, however, a much more common feature in French than in ​English; while in German, with some striking exceptions, it is conspicuous by its absence.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Antivari

See also Bar, Montenegro on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​ANTIVARI (Montenegrin Bar, so called by the Venetians from its position opposite Bari in Italy), a seaport of Montenegro which until 1878 belonged to Turkey. Pop. (1900) about 2500. The old town is built inland, on a strip of country running between the Adriatic Sea and the Sutorman range of mountains, overshadowed by the peak of Rumiya (5148 ft.). At a few hundred yards’ distance it is invisible, hidden among dense olive groves. Within, there is a ruinous walled village, and the shell of an old Venetian fortress, surrounded by mosques and bazaars; for Antivari is rather Turkish than Montenegrin. The fine bay of Antivari, with Prstan, its port, is distant about one hour’s drive through barren and forbidding country, shut in by mountains. At the northern horn of the bay stands Spizza, an Austrian military station. Antivari contains the residence of its Roman Catholic archbishop, and, in the centre of the shore, Topolitsa, the square undecorated palace of the crown prince. Antivari is the name applied both to Prstan and the old town. The Austrian Lloyd steamers call at times, and the “Puglia” S.S. Company runs a regular service of steamers to and from Bari. As an outlet for Montenegrin commerce, however, Antivari cannot compete with the Austrian Cattaro, the harbour being somewhat difficult of access in stormy weather. Fishing and olive-oil refining are the main industries.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Antisthenes

See also Antisthenes on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​ANTISTHENES (c. 444–365 B.C.), the founder of the Cynic school of philosophy, was born at Athens of a Thracian mother, a fact which may account for the extreme boldness of his attack on conventional thought. In his youth he studied rhetoric under Gorgias, perhaps also under Hippias and Prodicus. Gomperz suggests that he was originally in good circumstances, but was reduced to poverty. However this may be, he came under the influence of Socrates, and became a devoted pupil. So eager was he to hear the words of Socrates that he used to walk daily from Peiraeus to Athens, and persuaded his friends to accompany him. Filled with enthusiasm for the Socratic idea of virtue, he founded a school of his own in the Cynosarges, the hall of the bastards (νόθοι). Thither he attracted the poorer classes by the simplicity of his life and teaching. He wore a cloak and carried a staff and a wallet, and this costume became the uniform of his followers. Diogenes Laertius says that his works filled ten volumes, but of these fragments only remain. His favourite style seems to have been the dialogue, wherein we see the effect of his early rhetorical training. Aristotle speaks of him as uneducated and simple-minded, and Plato describes him as struggling in vain with the difficulties of dialectic. His work represents one great aspect of Socratic philosophy, and should be compared with the Cyrenaic and Megarian doctrines.
Bibliography.—Charles Chappuis, Antisthène (Paris, 1854); A. Müller, De Antisthenis cynici vita et scriptis (Dresden, 1860); T. Gomperz, Greek Thinkers (Eng. trans., 1905), vol. ii. pp. 142 ff., 150 ff. For his philosophy see Cynics, and for his pupils, Diogenes and Crates, see articles under these headings.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Antium

See also Anzio on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​ANTIUM (mod. Anzio), an ancient Volscian city on the coast of Latium, about 33 m. S. of Rome. The legends as to its foundation, and the accounts of its early relations with Rome, are untrustworthy; but Livy’s account of wars between Antium and Rome, early in the 4th century B.C., may perhaps be accepted. Antium is named with Ardea, Laurentum and Circeii, as under Roman protection, in the treaty with Carthage in 348 B.C. In 341 it lost its independence after a rising with the rest of Latium against Rome, and the beaks (rostra) of the six captured Antiatine ships decorated and gave their name to the orators’ tribunal in the Roman Forum. At the end of the Republican period it became a resort of wealthy Romans, and the Julian and Claudian emperors frequently visited it; both Caligula and Nero were born there. The latter founded a colony of veterans and built a new harbour, the projecting moles of which are still extant. In the middle ages it was deserted in favour of Nettuno: at the end of the 17th century Innocent XII. and Clement XI. restored the harbour, not on the old site but to the east of it, with the opening to the east, a mistake which leads to its being frequently silted up; it has a depth of about 15 ft. Remains of Roman villas are conspicuous all along the shore, both to the east and to the north-west of the town. That of Nero cannot be certainly identified, but is generally placed at the so-called Arco Muto, where remains of a theatre (discovered in 1712 and covered up again) also exist. Many works of art have been found. Of the famous temple of Fortune (Horace, Od. i. 35) no remains are known. The sea is encroaching slightly at Anzio, but some miles farther north-west the old Roman coast-line now lies slightly inland (see Tiber). The Volscian city stood on higher ground and somewhat away from the shore, though it extended down to it. It was defended by a deep ditch, which can still be traced, and by walls, a portion of which, on the eastern side, constructed of rectangular blocks of tufa, was brought to light in 1897. The modern place is a summer resort and has several villas, among them the Villa Borghese.
See A. Nibby, Dintorni di Roma, i. 181; Notizie degli scavi, passim. (T. As.)
# Hall Jackson Kelley, Prophet of Oregon

Biography serialized in Oregon Historical Quarterly
Four parts, all published in Oregon Historical Quarterly, Volume 18
* Part 1 (chapters 1-4)
* Part 2 (chapters 5-8)
* Part 3 (chapters 9-12)
* Part 4 (appendix)