# A Manual of the Foochow Dialect In Twenty Lessons/Lesson XVIII
## LESSON XVIII.
### 驚 giăng

    to fear

### 睏 káung

    to sleep

### 准 cūng

    to permit

### 想 siōng

    to think

### 當 dáung

    to represent, to pawn

### 漢的 háng-dék

    to suppose

### 仈字 báik cê

    to recognise characters

### 好愛 hō̤-tiáng

    amiable

### 止 cī

    to stop

### 店 dáing

    shop

### 相 sŏng

    mutual

### 板 bēng

    boards ​

### 鑼 lò̤

    gong

### 定 diâng

    to fix, determine, decide

### 難 nàng

    difficult

### 分別 hŭng-biék

    to differentiate

### 別 bĕk

    different, another

### 齊 cà̤

    together

### 該當 găi-dŏng

    ought

### 多的多 dŏ̤-dék-dŏ̤

    for the most part

### 大畧 dâi-liŏk

    probably, mostly

### 大凡 dâi-huàng

    everyone

### 老實 lō̤-sĭk

    well-disposed, honest

### 大概 dâi-kái

    for the most part

### 現成 hiêng-siàng

    ready made, in current use

### 看待 káng-dâi

    to behave towards, treat

### 隨便 sùi-biêng

    as you please

### 上勢 siông-sié

    on the top

### 務意 ô-é

    of purpose

### 或且 hĕ̤k-chiā

    perhaps

### 到底 dó̤-dā̤

    finally

### 記才 gé-cài

    memory

### 透底 táu-dā̤

    at the last, right to the end
1 當 Dŏng originally means “ought”, but when read 當 dáung it means “to represent”. Hence a pawnshop is called a 當店 dáung-dáing as the pledge left behind represents the money loaned. 當 Dŏng has the meaning of bearing responsibility, hence the head of a family is called 當家 dŏng gă. Hence also the phrase “Jesus bears our sorrows” 耶穌是當奴各𠆧其苦 Ià-Sŭ sê dŏng nù-gáuk-nè̤ng gì kū. Dŏng also means “at the time in question”. In that year Confucius taught his disciples, 當年仲尼教伊其門生 Dŏng-nièng Dê̤ṳng-nà̤ gá ĭ gì muòng-sĕng. Dê̤ṳng-nà̤ was the “given” name of Confucius, and is largely used by Chinese scholars in speaking of the sage Treat him as a child, 將伊當做伲仔看待 Ciŏng ĭ dáung có̤ niê-giāng káng-dâi. He has gone to the pawnshop to ​redeem a pledge, 伊去當店討當 I kó̤ dáung-dáing tō̤ dáung. He makes a false stand for the true and the true for the false, 伊當真做假假做真 I dáung cĭng có̤ gā, gā có̤ cĭng.
2. The word “think” is used in a double sense, meaning either to revolve in the mind, or to express irresolution and uncertainty. There are two words used in Foochow Colloquial with the meaning of “to think” 想 siōng is most commonly used to denote an opinion given, while 漢的 háng-dék is used to denote a supposition which may be correct or incorrect. I think he can read, 儂家想伊⿰亻鞋仈字 Nè̤ng-gă siōng ĭ â̤ báik cê. This is unexpected happiness, 嚽是想賣至其福氣 Cuòi sê siōng mà-gáu gì hók-ké. Supposing that he had gone with the other children, 漢的伊共別隻伲仔齋去了 Háng-dék ĭ gâe̤ng bĕk-ciáh niê-giāng cà̤ kó̤ lāu.
3 To forget, is 賣記的去 mâ̤ gé-dék kó̤. My memory is bad, I cannot recall it, 儂家其記才平正賣記的去 Nè̤ng-gă gì gé-cài bàng-ciáng, mâ̤ gé-dék kó̤
4. The following sentences express probabilities and generalities. It is most likely so, 大概是將換 Dâi-kái sê ciŏng-uâng. Men in general are not willing to worship God, 𠆧多的多伓肯拜上帝 Nè̤ng dŏ̤-dék-dŏ̤ ng-kīng bái Siông-Dá̤.
5. The results of actions are expressed by the use of the adverbs, such as 完 uòng, 成 siàng, 盡 cêng, 定 diâng following the verb. 定 Diâng is in certain cases prefixed to the verb, and answers to the meaning of “made to order”: Did you buy this gong ready made? No, it was made to order. 只一面鑼是現成買其毛 伓是是定做其 Ci siŏh-miêng lò̤ sê hiêng-siàng mā̤ gì mò̤. Ng sê, sê diâng có̤ gì. The bargain is completed, 價錢定着了 Gá-cièng diâng-diŏh lāu. When we have finished reading we will go down, 書讀完了奴各𠆧就落去 Cṳ̆ tĕ̤k uòng lāu, nù-gáuk-nè̤ng cêu lŏ̤h kó̤. One ​box cannot hold all, 一隻箱貯賣去 Siŏh-ciáh siŏng diō mâ̤ kó̤. He used up his money, 伊其錢駛完了 I gì cièng sāi uòng-lāu.
6. “To make into” is expressed by 成 siàng placed between the verb and its object. He made four pieces of wood into a box, 伊掏四塊板做成一隻箱 I dò̤ sé-dó̤i bēng có̤ siàng siŏh-ciáh siŏng.
7. “Not only” followed by “but also” is expressed by 不止 bók-cĭ; followed by iâ or beng-chiā (Lesson XIV. 2.) We must not only repent, but we must also believe in Jesus, 奴各𠆧不止着悔改 也着信耶穌 Nù-gáuk-nè̤ng bók-cī diŏh huói-gāi, iā-diŏh séng Ià-Sŭ.
8 Mutual action is indicated by 相 sŏng. Life and death are connected, 生死是相連其 Săng sī sê sŏng-lièng gì. Disciples of Jesus ought always to agree with one another, 耶穌其門生該當常常相和 Ià-Sŭ gì muòng-sĕng găi-dŏng siòng-siòng sŏng-huò.

## EXERCISE XVIII.
### 睶 chūng

    sleepy

### 盤 buàng

    plate

### 收 sĭu

    receive (as a letter)

### 寄 gié

    send, despatch, (as a letter)

### 便急 biêng-gék

    convenient

### 決斷 giók-duáng

    decide

### 中意 de̤ṳ́ng-é

    satisfactory

### 簽字 chiĕng-cê

    to append initials

### 郵政局 lù-céng-guŏh

    Post-office

### 老爹 lō̤-diă

    Mandarin

### 禁止 géng-cī

    to prohibit

### 某 mū

    a certain (place, thing, man)
Translate into English:—
* Mò̤ bĕk-ciáh Géu-Ciō.
* Nè̤ng-gă siŏh-buŏ káung mâ̤ diŏh.
* Cuòi â̤ biêng-gék mâ̤?
* Ĭ lì-ng-lì mò̤ diâng-diŏh. ​
* Nṳ̄ cūng-diŏh diōng chió. Nè̤ng-gă ô tiăng-giéng nṳ̄ gì nòng-mâ kŭo-daúng, nṳ̄ kó̤ bŏng-câe̤ ĭ bī tĕ̤k cṳ̆ gó hō̤.
* Tiĕng sàng muōng dái ṳ̄-sāng, dâung ṳ̄ cêu sùi biêng.
* Gĭng-dáng kó̤ mâ̤ biêng-gék nâ sê mò̤-huák.
* Ĭ ng báik-cê gó-chṳ̄ nè̤ng-gă ng chiáng ĭ.
* Ciā ĭ-siòng sê có̤ hiêng-siàng gì mò̤? Ciâng sê, sê hiêng-siàng gì.
* Hṳ̄-siŏh-ciáh niê-giāng cêng kó̤ hō̤-tiáng.
* Hĕ̤k-chiā hiā tō̤ mâ̤-diŏh gì cṳ̆ sê lŏ̤h diù siông-sié lā̤. Nṳ̄ ô kó̤ hŭ-uái tō̤ mò̤?
* Ciā buàng cêng bō̤-buói, ng-tĕ̤ng ciŏng siŏh-dó̤i páh-mò̤ kó̤.
* Ciā bău ng tĕ̤ng áik kák gīng, giăng diē-sié gì nó̤h pàh-puái kó̤.
* Ciā bēng cêng áuk-cháuk, găi-dŏng sā̤ táh-gáik.
* Ià-Sŭ éng gōng, nṳ̄ hàng-dék ciā Gă-lé-lé nè̤ng bī cé̤ṳng Gă-lé-lé nè̤ng cô̤i gó dâe̤ng, gó chṳ̄ sêu ciā hâi mŏ̤?
Translate into Chinese:—
* O Lord, grant our petition.
* Just as he pleases.
* Is he honest?
* You children are sleepy, go to bed.
* Although this is not satisfactory, there is certainly no other possible way.
* Take this parcel to Mr. Diong and bring back an initialled receipt.
* I sent a letter to my mother last week, and have received a letter from her today asking me why have I not written to her this year.
* I fear the letter is lost. You had better notify the Imperial Post Office.
* You ought to decide at once.
* This method of doing business is very unsatisfactory.
* I forgot to notify him about that matter, but after all it is not very important.
* I think that they will probably arrive to-night.
* Read the twenty-seventh chapter from the first to the thirtieth verse.
* His memory is bad. No matter what you tell him he always forgetes.
* Jesus called his twelve disciples to him, and sent them forth two by two.