OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The New International Encyclopædia/Chéruel, Pierre Adolphe

Edition of 1905. See also Pierre Adolphe Chéruel on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​CHÉRUEL, shā̇′rụ′ĕl′, Pierre Adolphe (1809-91). A French historian. He was born in Rouen, was educated at the Ecole Normale of Paris, became an instructor there in 1849, and in 1866 was appointed inspector-general of public education and rector of the Academy of Strassburg. Subsequently he held the rectorate of the Poitiers Academy. He wrote a number of accurate, thorough, and very readable works, such as the Dictionnaire historique des institutions, mœurs et coutumes de la France (2 vols, 1855; 6th ed. 1884), and the Histoire de France sous le ministère de Mazarin (3 vols. 1882-83).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Chœrilus

Edition of 1905. See also Choerilus (playwright) on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
CHŒRILUS, kēr′ĭ-lŭs (Lat., from Gk. Χοιρίλος, Choirilos) An Athenian dramatist of the late Sixth and early Fifth centuries B.C., the rival of Pratinas, Phrynichus, and Æschylus. Tradition says that he was preëminent in satyric dramas. The lexicographers attribute to him 160 plays in all, and report that he won thirteen victories, but scholars regard the number as too large. It has been conjectured that he was the first to reduce tragedies to writing.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Civil-Damage Acts

Edition of 1905. See also Wikisource's law portal; and the disclaimer.
CIVIL-DAMAGE ACTS. Statutes which have been passed in many of the United States, giving to those who sustain an actual injury by or through any intoxicated person, as a result of the intoxication, a right of action against the person who sold or gave away the liquor which caused the intoxication. In some States, this liability has been extended to the owner of the premises where the liquor was dispensed; and it is immaterial whether the liquor business is lawful in the particular jurisdiction or not. These statutes include injuries to person or property of any one, and loss of support, by wife or child, of a drunkard. Exemplary or punitive damages are allowed in some cases, but actual injury must also be proved. Where one in any way helps to bring about the intoxication, he cannot recover.
These statutes have been held constitutional, being within the ‘police power’ of the States under which the liquor traffic is regulated. See Temperance; Police Power; Prohibition.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Civil Action

Edition of 1905. See also Lawsuit on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
CIVIL ACTION (Lat. civilis, from civis, citizen). Any judicial proceeding involving a controversy between individuals in regard to their private matters, distinguished from proceedings where public interests are concerned, as in a criminal prosecution. Civil actions include the procedure in a court of chancery or equity, and also those cases in which the State submits to an action by an individual. See Action; Prosecution.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Cinderella

Edition of 1905. See also Cinderella on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
CIN′DEREL′LA (from cinder, with dim. termination -ella; cf. Fr. Cendrillon, and Ger.
Aschenbrödel, or Aschenputtel, of similar meaning). An old fairy tale of Oriental origin. It existed in Egypt in a legend of Rhodopis and Psammetichus. It appears in German lore in the sixteenth century, and is among the fairy-tales of Grimm. Perrault and Madame d'Aunoy popularized it for seventeenth-century France. It deals with the marriage of a household drudge to a prince who discovers her by finding her marvelously small glass slipper, which excites his curiosity as to the owner, and which no Court lady is able to wear. The ‘glass’ slipper is an error, arising from the confusion of verre, glass, with the old vair, fur.
# The Life of Abraham Lincoln (Arnold)

* information about this edition.
* related authors: Abraham Lincoln.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
Originally published in 1885.

### Contents

* Introduction.
* Chapter I: Ancestry and Early Life.
* Chapter II: Life at New Salem.
* Chapter III: The Illinois Legislature.
* Chapter IV: Miscellaneous Speeches and Marriage.
* Chapter V: Congress and the Bar.
* Chapter VI: The Irrepressible Conflict.
* Chapter VII: The Struggle for Kansas.
* Chapter VIII: The Organization of the Republican Party.
* Chapter IX: The Lincoln and Douglas Debate.
* Chapter X: Lincoln Becomes President.
* Chapter XI: Lincoln Reaches Washington.
* Chapter XII: Lincoln in the White House.
* Chapter XIII: Extra Session of Congress.
* Chapter XIV: Efforts for Peaceful Emancipation.
* Chapter XV: The Emancipation Proclamation.
* Chapter XVI: Military Operations in 1861-1862.
* Chapter XVII: Antietam and Chancellorsville.
* Chapter XVIII: The Tide Turns.
* Chapter XIX: After Gettysburg.
* Chapter XX: The Amendment Proposed.
* Chapter XXI: Passage of the Amendment.
* Chapter XXII: Grant and Sherman.
* Chapter XXIII: The Second Term.
* Chapter XXIV: The Approaching End.
* Chapter XXV: Victory and Death.
* Chapter XXVI: Conclusion.
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The McClure Family/Foreword

FOREWORD.
This Book is an effort to preserve the names and something of the deeds of those who established the McClure family in America. While the result is far from satisfactory, I feel that I have rendered to the name in general, and to my own family in particular, a real service.
The work is the product of vacation days and rare leisure moments, thrown together rather than carefully arranged. It is the log cabin of our early ancestors rather than the modern mansion, to which I hope it will in time give place.
While all with whom it has been my privilege to converse or correspond have shown for the undertaking the greatest interest and concern, to whom I express my sincere appreciation, there are a number who have rendered special service and whose names I wish to mention in particular. First, the late Col. Charles McClure, of Ill., whose interest in the subject moved me primarily to the undertaking; Rev. A. D. McClure, D. D., Wilmington, N. C.; Prof. Geo. M. McClure, Danville, Ky.; Prof. C. F. W. McClure, Princeton University; Rev. James W. McClure, Cynthiana, Ky., Mr. Wallace M. McClure, Knoxville, Tenn.; Mr. Hugh S. McClure, New York City; Mr. Wm. A. McClure, Fairfield, Va.; Mrs. N. J. Baker, Nace, Va., Mr. Edward Frazer, Lexington, Ky.; Dr. J. D. McClure, London; Mr. John Wilfried McClure, Dublin.
The classification of the material which covers over two hundred years, seven generations, is as follows:
The first generation, born about 1700, is undesignated.
The second generation, born about 1733, is designated A, B, C, etc.
The third generation, born about 1767, is designated I, II, III, etc.
The fourth generation, born about 1800, is designated 1, 2, 3, etc.
​The fifth generation, born about 1833, is designated (1), (2), (3), etc.
The sixth generation, born about 1867, is designated a. b, c, etc.
The seventh generation, born about 1900, is designated (a), (b), (c), etc.
There are doubtless errors and omissions other than typographical, to which readers will kindly call my attention.
It is my desire to have members from the various branches of the family send me from time to time all items of family interest, marriages, births and deaths, that they may be carefully filed as a basis of information for any future family record.
And may there be fulfilled unto us the prophecy of Jeremiah, who said unto the house of the Rechabites, "Thus saith the Lord of Hosts, the God of Israel, Because you have obeyed the commandment of Jonadab your father and kept all his precepts and done according to all that he hath commanded you, Therefore thus saith the Lord of Hosts, the God of Israel, Jonadab the son of Rechab shall not want a man to stand before me forever."
J. A. McClure.
    Petersburg, Virginia,
       October 15, 1914.
# The McClure Family/McClures in Mississippi

McCLURES IN MISSISSIPPI.
The only family in the State known to the writer, is that of James McClure, a prominent citizen and merchant of Fayette, Jefferson County. Alumnus Washington and Lee University, 1877. Delta Psi fraternity. Assistant Professor Jefferson College, Miss. His father was born in Campsie, Scotland, where his grandfather was a school teacher.
# The McClure Family/Errata

ERRATA.
Page 9, line 21, for "attained" read attainted.
" 25, line 24, omit "d. single 1837."
" 40, line 21, for "James White, Jr." read Charles White.
" 45, line 13, for "1829" read February, 1830.
" 60, line 24, for "1848" read 1840.
" 60, line 31, for "1772" read 1872.
" 65, line 25, for "Louisana" read Louisiana.
" 65, line 31, for "William" read William Frederick.
" 65, line 31, for "Frederick John" read John.
" 79, line 28, for "1907" read 1908.
" 90, line 25, for "1899" read 1799.
" 91, line 6, for "Satunton" read Staunton.
" 92, line 1, for "Samuel H." read Samuel.
" 103, line 4, for "Andred" read Andrew.
" 123, line 31, for "1872" read 1782.
" 135, line 24, for "childrsen" read children.
" 140, line 22, for "ahd" read and.
" 142, line 8, for "father" read cousin.
" 142, line 10, omit " about 1775."
" 142, line 33, for "seven" read eight.
" 147, line 29, for "probably m. a Byars" read m. Jos. Paxton.
" 149, line 18, for "Malcoln" read Malcolm.
" 168, line 21, for "Bolly money" read Ballymoney.
" 186, line 10, for "carpulency" read corpulency.
" 189, line 7, for "Maky" read Mary.
" 192, line 37, for "Nichols" read Nicols.
" 194, line 9, for "Susan Jane" read Emeline.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Hyndman, Henry Mayers

Edition of 1905. See also Henry Hyndman on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
HYNDMAN, Henry Mayers (1842—). An English journalist and socialist leader, born in London. He graduated at Trinity College, Cambridge, and began to study law in 1863, but three years later, as correspondent for the Pall Mall Gazette, went to the war in progress between Austria and Italy, where he became the friend of Mazzini, Garibaldi, and other patriots. Between 1869 and 1871 he traveled in Australia. New Zealand, and Polynesia, and while in Melbourne wrote articles for the Argus in the cause of free education. He founded the Social Democratic Federation in 1881, and from that time was a conspicuous reform agitator. He was chairman at the International Socialist Congress held in London in 1896, and assisted at the formation of the new ‘International’ at Paris in 1900. He was
an Irish land-leaguer and a pro-Boer during the second Boer War. From 1874 he used his pen diligently in the socialistic cause. His books include: A Commune for London (1888); Commercial Crisis of the Nineteenth Century (1892); and Economics of Socialism (1890).
# The New International Encyclopædia/I. O. U.

Edition of 1905. See also IOU on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​I. O. U. (I owe you ) . A memorandum of debt or due bill, named from its abbreviated form, viz.:
New York, January 1, 1903.
John Doe, I. O. U. $20.
Richard Roe.
In England and in most of our States, it is not treated as a promissory note (q.v.) because it does not contain an express promise to pay. By statute or by judicial decisions in some States an I. O. U. is declared to be a promissory note. See Due Bill.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Ibilao

Edition of 1905. See also Ilongot people on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
IBILAO, ē'Bḗ-lä'ṓ. A headhunting Malay-Negrito tribe in central Luzon. See Philippine Islands.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Hutten, Philip von

Edition of 1905. See also Philipp von Hutten on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
HUTTEN, hụt'ten, Philip von (c.1515-46). A German adventurer, and relative of Ulrich von Hutten (q.v.). He was one of the 600 adventurers collected from all parts of Europe who went out under George Hohermuth (better known as George of Speyer) to conquer the Province of Venezuela, which had been granted by Emperor Charles V. to the great Augsburg family of Welser (q.v.). When Hohermuth died in 1540, Hutten became Captain-General, and the next year, in company with young Bartholomäus Welser, eldest son of the head of the family, left Coro with a well-equipped force to seek the mythical El Dorado (q.v.). After wandering about for five years, the remnant of the expedition returned to Venezuela to find a new Governor in power. Juan de Caravajal had been appointed by the Audiencia of Santo Domingo to preserve order in Venezuela, but as the years went by with no news of Hutten and his followers, he began to feel secure in his position. Consequently, the return of the adventurers was anything but welcome to him. When he saw how diminished they were in number he thought to force from them an acknowledgment of his authority. In this, however, he was unsuccessful, as he also was in an attempt to seize them. In fact, this last effort was well nigh disastrous to himself, for he was wounded by Welser, and forced to pledge the Germans safe passage to the coast. Relying upon Caravajal's word of honor, the adventurers took no precautions against attack, and were easily captured by the treacherous Spaniard, who, after keeping Hutten and Welser in chains for a time, had them beheaded. Hutten seems to have been a man of higher character than most of those with whom he was associated. He left a narrative of his adventures entitled Zeitung aus Indien (1785).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Hutter, Leonhard

Edition of 1905. See also Leonhard Hutter on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
HUTTER, hụt'tẽr, Leonhard (1563-1616). A German Lutheran theologian, born at Nellingen, near Ulm. He studied at the universities of Strassburg, Leipzig, Heidelberg, and Jena, and after lecturing at Jena for several years, answered a call to Wittenberg. He was one of the most resolute and influential representatives of the Lutheran faith, and was known as Redonatus Lutherus. He attacked the Calvinist doctrines in his Concordia Concors (1614), which he wrote as an answer to Hospinian's Concordia Discors (1607).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Hänel, Albert

Edition of 1905. See also Albert Hänel on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
HÄNEL, hā'nel, Albert (1833—). A German jurist and politician, born in Leipzig. He studied at Vienna, Leipzig, and Heidelberg, in 1860 became a professor at Königsberg, and in 1863 at Kiel. One of the founders of the Liberal Party in Schleswig-Holstein after the annexation of the duchies to Prussia in 1866, he was elected to the Prussian Chamber of Deputies and the Reichstag of the North German Confederation, and subsequently to the Imperial Reichstag. He became known as a leader of the so-called ‘Fortschrittspartei,’ or Progressists, which, after the fusion with the Secessionists in 1884, was styled the ‘Deutschfreisinnige Partei.’ Upon the breakup of the party in 1893, he represented the ‘Freisinnige Vereinigung’ (Liberal Union), but in the elections of the same year to the Reichstag he was defeated by the Social-Democratic candidate. In 1898 he was reëlected. His writings include: Studien zum deutschen Staatsrecht (1873–88), and Die Gesetzgebung des deutschen Reichs über Konsularwesen und Seeschiffahrt (1875).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Häser, Heinrich

Edition of 1905. See also Heinrich Häser on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
HÄSER, hā'zẽr, Heinrich (1811-85). A German medical author, born at Rome, the son of the musician, August Ferdinand Häser. He studied medicine at Jena; taught there from 1836 to 1849, then went to Greifswald, and in 1862 to Breslau. He edited: Gruner, Scriptores de Sudore Anglico (1847); a Bibliotheca Epidemiographica (2d ed. 1862); the Repertorium für die gesamte Medizin (1840-42); and the Archiv für die gesamte Medizin (1840-49); and wrote:
Historisch-pathologische Untersuchungen (1839-41); Lehrbuch der Geschichte der Medizin und der Volkskrankheiten (3d ed. 1875-82); Geschichte der christlichen Krankenpflege und Pflegerschaften (1857); Die Vaccination und ihre Gegner (1854); and Grundriss der Geschichte der Medizin (1884).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Falkner, Thomas

Edition of 1905. See also Thomas Falkner on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ FALKNER, Thomas (1707-84). An English Jesuit missionary, born in Manchester. As surgeon on board the Assiento, a slave-ship belonging to the South Sea Company, he sailed to the Guinea Coast in 1731, and thence to Buenos Ayres, where he was so kindly treated by the Jesuits during a dangerous illness that he determined to enter their Order. He was ordained in May, 1732, and during the following thirty-eight years he worked as a missionary in Paraguay and the vast region between the Rio de la Plata and the Strait of Magellan, mostly among the natives. Upon the expulsion of the Jesuits from South America, he returned to England, where he was chaplain to several distinguished Catholic families. His religious work was materially aided by his medical and surgical skill. He left several works in manuscript, including four volumes, Botanical, Mineral, and Like Observations on the Products of America (date unrecorded). Under the title, A Description of Patagonia and the Adjoining Parts of South America, a collection of his papers was published in 1774.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Farel, Guillaume

Edition of 1905. See also William Farel on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​FAREL, fȧ′rĕl′, Guillaume (1489-1565). A friend of Calvin and active promoter of the Reformation in Switzerland. He was born of noble family at Fareaux, near Gap, Dauphiné, in 1489. He studied in Paris, became professor in the Collège Le Moine, and was distinguished for his zeal for the Catholic Church. Intercourse with the Waldenses and the influence of his friend Lefèvre d'Estaples led him to accept the new teachings, and his vehement nature at once led him to attempt to make proselytes. In 1521 Bishop Briçonnet provided for him at Meaux, but his injudicious zeal compelled him to flee. He went to Basel and was kindly received by Œcolampadius, ami there, mi February 15, 1524, he publicly sustained thirteen theses on points in dispute between the Reformers and the Church. He preached in the Canton of Bern and through his exertions the towns of Aigle, Bex, Olon, Morat, and Neuchâtel embraced the Reformation. From 1532 till 1538 he labored mainly at Geneva, but was compelled temporarily to leave the city several times. In 1535 the town council of Geneva formally proclaimed the Reformation, but the organization fell into Calvin's hands rather than Farel's. Both Reformers had to leave the city in 1538, and Farel went to Neuchâtel, and did good service in setting the affairs of the Church there in order. He was present at Geneva at the burning of Servetus in 1553. In 1557 he was sent with Beza to the Protestant princes of Germany to implore aid for the Waldenses, and on his return sought a new sphere of labor in the Jura Mountains. In November, he was thrown into prison, but was soon liberated. He died at Neuchâtel, September 13, 1565. Farel's writings are not very important. Some of them may be found in Du vrai usage de la croix (Geneva, 1540; new edition, 1865). His letters are in Herminjard, Correspondance des réformateurs dans les pays de la langue française (9 vols., Geneva, 1866), and in the Corpus Reformatorum (Brunswick, 1834-1900). Consult: Kirchhofer, Das Leben Wilhelm Farel's (Zurich, 1831-33); Schmidt, Etudes sur Farel (Strassburg, 1836); and id., Wilhelm Farel und Peter Viret (Elberfeld, 1860); Bevan, William Farel (4th ed., London, 1893).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Farensbach, Jürgen von

Edition of 1905. See also Jürgen von Farensbach on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​FARENSBACH, fä′rens-bäG, Jürgen von (?-1602). A Livonian general. Sent as the ambassador of Livonia to Czar Ivan the Terrible, for the purpose of concluding a treaty of peace, he entered the Russian service, and greatly distinguished himself by winning the decisive battle on the Oka against the Tatars (August 1, 1572). Afterwards he served in the Danish and Polish armies, and in 1586 was invested with the rank of a Senator of the Polish crown by Sigismund III., whom he had assisted in gaining the throne of Poland. As field-marshal of Poland he subsequently fought against Sweden, where, however, he was defeated. He was killed in the attack on the Castle of Fellin, May 17, 1602.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Farewell, Cape

Edition of 1905. See also the disclaimer.
​FAREWELL, Cape. See Cape Farewell.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Falkland, Lucius Cary, second Viscount

Edition of 1905. See also Lucius Cary, 2nd Viscount Falkland on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ FALKLAND, Lucius Cary, second Viscount (c.1610-43). English writer and politician. He was educated at Trinity College, Dublin, and at Saint John's College, Cambridge. About 1629 he inherited his maternal grandfather's fortune, and devoted himself to literature. By his father's death in 1633 he became Viscount Falkland. In 1633 he was created a gentleman of the Privy Chamber to Charles I., and took part in the expedition against the Scots in 1639. In 1640 he entered Parliament as member for Newport and the Isle of Wight. He opposed Laud during the Short Parliament, and in the Long Parliament took sides against Stratford. He became Secretary of State in 1642, and at the outbreak of the Civil War he joined the King's party. He courted death, and was killed at the battle of Newbury. His principal work is A Discourse on the Infallibility of the Church of Rome (1660). His poems, edited by A. Groshart, were published in 1871.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Farfa, Abbey of

Edition of 1905. See also Farfa Abbey on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​FAR′FA, Abbey of. A Benedictine monastery, at one time among the richest and most famous of Italy, situated not far from Rome. It was founded in the middle of the sixth century by Saint Laurence, Bishop of Spoleto, and soon reached a position of importance, receiving endowments from the Lombard and Carolingian rulers and from the popes. The monks were driven out by the Saracen invaders in the closing years of the ninth century, and it lay desolate for fifty years. When Alberic set Odo of Cluny over all the monasteries in the neighborhood of Rome, attempts were made at reforming the ill-regulated lives of the monks, but at first without success. The zealous Abbot Hugo, however, brought in a new set of monks at the end of the tenth century, and Odilo of Cluny, visiting Italy, inspired him to introduce the Cluniac reform. Pope Nicholas II. consecrated the conventual church in 1060, and learning began to flourish in a marked degree. The librarian of the monastery, Gregory of Catina, rendered a great service to Italian history by compiling between 1105 and 1119 the Chronicon Farfense. The riches of the abbey increased greatly, and no less than 683 churches and houses were said to have been subject to the abbot. From the end of the fourteenth century it was held in commendam by cardinals, and Gregory XVI. annexed it in 1842 to the Cardinal-Bishopric of Sabina. Consult Marocco, Istoria del celebre imperial monasterio farfense (Rome, 1834).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Falkner, Roland Post

Edition of 1905. See also Roland P. Falkner on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ FALKNER, fa̤k′nẽr, Roland Post (1866—). An American political economist, born at Bridgeport, Conn. He graduated at the University of Pennsylvania in 1888, and afterwards studied at Berlin, Leipzig, and Halle. After teaching at the Wharton School of Finance and Economy the University of Pennsylvania for three years, he was appointed associate professor of statistics at that institution (1891), and retained his position until 1900, in which year he was appointed chief of the division of documents in the Library of Congress at Washington. He was secretary of the International Monetary Conference of 1892, and became editor of the Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science upon the establishment of that publication in 1890. Besides an English translation of August Meitzen's History, Theory, and Technique of Statistics (1893), his publications include reports and other contributions, chiefly on statistical subjects.