OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Fox, George

See also George Fox on Wikipedia.
​Fox, George (1624-1691).—Religious enthusiast, and founder of the Society of Friends, b. at Drayton, Leicestershire, was in youth the subject of peculiar religious impressions and trances, and adopted a wandering life. The protests which he conceived himself bound to make against the prevailing beliefs and manners, and which sometimes took the form of interrupting Divine service, and the use of uncomplimentary forms of address to the clergy, involved him in frequent trouble. The clergy, the magistrates, and the mob alike treated him with harshness amounting to persecution. None of these things, however, moved him, and friends, many of them influential, among them Oliver Cromwell, extended favour towards him. From 1659 onwards he made various missionary journeys in Scotland, Ireland, America, and Holland. Later he was repeatedly imprisoned, again visited the Continent, and d. in 1691. F.'s literary works are his Journal, Epistles, and Doctrinal Pieces. He was not a man of strong intellect, and the defence of his ​doctrines was undertaken by the far more competent hand of his follower, Barclay (q.v.). The Journal, however, is full of interest as a sincere transcript of the singular experiences, religious and others, of a spiritual enthusiast and mystic.
The best Life is that by Hodgkin, 1896. Journal (reprint, 1885).
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# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Fortescue, Sir John

​Fortescue, Sir John (1394?-1476?).—Political writer, was descended from a Devonshire family. He was an eminent lawyer, and held the office of Lord Chief Justice of the King's Bench (1442). During the Wars of the Roses he was a staunch Lancastrian. On the triumph of Edward IV. at Towton he was attainted, and followed the fortunes of the fallen Lancastrians, accompanying Queen Margaret to Scotland and Flanders. He fought at Tewkesbury, was captured, but pardoned on condition of writing in support ​of the Yorkish claims, which he did, considering that his own party appeared to be hopelessly ruined. He is said to have been at one time Lord Chancellor; but it is probable that this was only a titular appointment given him by the exiled family. His works are various defences of the Lancastrian title to the crown, and two treatises, De Laudibus Legum Angliæ (1537) (in praise of the laws of England), and On the Governance of the Kingdom of England, not printed till 1714, the former for the instruction of Edward, Prince of Wales.
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# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Francis, Sir Philip

​Francis, Sir Philip (1740-1818).—Reputed author of The Letters of Junius, s. of the Rev. Philip F., a scholar of some note, was b. in Dublin. On the recommendation of Lord Holland he received an appointment in the office of the Sec. of State, and was thereafter private sec. to Lord Kinnoull in Portugal, and to Pitt in 1761-2. He was then transferred to the War Office, where he remained from 1762-72, during which period he contributed to the press under various pseudonyms. His next appointment was that of a member of Council of Bengal, which he held from 1773-80. While in India he was in continual conflict with the Governor-General, Warren Hastings, by whom he was wounded in a duel in 1779. He returned to England in 1780 with a large fortune, and entered Parliament as a Whig. In 1787 he was associated with Burke in the impeachment of Hastings, against whom he showed extraordinary vindictiveness. Later he was a sympathiser with the French Revolution, and a member of the association of the Friends of the People. He retired from public life in 1807, and d. in 1818. He was the author of about 20 political pamphlets, but the great interest attaching to him is his reputed authorship of the Letters of ​Junius. These letters which, partly on account of the boldness and implacability of their attacks and the brilliance of their literary style, and partly because of the mystery in which their author wrapped himself, created an extraordinary impression, and have ever since retained their place as masterpieces of condensed sarcasm. They appeared in The Public Advertiser, a paper pub. by Woodfall, the first on January 21, 1769, and the last on the corresponding day of 1772, and were chiefly directed against the Dukes of Grafton and Bedford, and Lord Mansfield; but even the king himself did not escape. Not only were the public actions of those attacked held up to execration, but every circumstance in their private lives which could excite odium was dragged into the light. Their authorship was attributed to many distinguished men, e.g. Burke, Lord Shelburne, J. Wilkes, Horne Tooke, and Barré, and recently to Gibbon; but the evidence appears to point strongly to F., and, in the opinion of Macaulay, would "support a verdict in a civil, nay, in a criminal trial." It rests upon such circumstances as the similarity of the MS. to what is known to be the disguised writing of F., the acquaintance of the writer with the working of the Sec. of State's Office and the War Office, his denunciation of the promotion of a Mr. Chamier in the War Office, which was a well-known grievance of F., his acquaintance with Pitt, and the existence of a strong tie to Lord Holland, the silence of Junius when F. was absent, and resemblances in the style and the moral character of the writer to those of F.
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# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Fordun, John

​Fordun, John (d. 1384?).—Chronicler, said to have been a chantry priest and Canon of Aberdeen. He began the Scotichronicon, for which he prepared himself, it is said, by travelling on foot through Britain and Ireland in search of materials. He also compiled Gesta Annalia, a continuation. He brought the history down to 1153, leaving, however, material to the time of his own death, which was subsequently worked up by Walter Bower (q.v.).
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# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Forster, John (essayist)

The surname is misspelled, correct article's name should be Foster, John. See also John Foster (essayist) on Wikipedia.
​Forster, John (1770-1843).—Essayist, was b. at Halifax, and ed. at Bristol for the Baptist ministry. Though a man of powerful and original mind he did not prove popular as a preacher, and devoted himself mainly to literature, his chief contribution to which is his four Essays (1) On a Man's Writing Memoirs of Himself, (2) On Decision of Character, (3) On the Epithet "Romantic," (4) On Evangelical Religion, etc., all of which attracted much attention among the more thoughtful part of the community, and still hold their place. These Essays were pub. in 1805, and in 1819. F. added another on the Evils of Popular Ignorance, in which he advocated a national system of education.
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# A Farewell Song

* A Farewell Song, in The Juvenile Keepsake, 1829.
* I go, sweet friends, in National Lyrics, and Songs for Music, 1834.
# A Farewell to Abbotsford

* A Farewell to Abbotsford, in The Winter's Wreath, 1831.
* A Farewell to Abbotsford, in National Lyrics, and Songs for Music (Miscellaneous Poems), 1834.
# A Father's Legacy to his Daughters

| | To face the Title |
| T. Stothard delin. | R.Cromek sculp. pupil of F.Bartolozzi R.A. |
| $\mathbb {RELIGION.}$ |||
Published March 1st. 1797, by Cadell and Davies Strand.
A
FATHER's LEGACY
TO
HIS DAUGHTERS.
By the late DR. GREGORY, of Edinburgh.
A NEW EDITION.
ILLUSTRATED WITH PLATES.
LONDON:
1808.
Wood & Innes, Printers, Poppin's Court, Fleet Street.
PREFACE.
​That the subsequent Letters were written by a tender father, in a declining state of health, for the instruction of his daughters, and not intended for the Public, is a circumstance which will recommend them to every one who considers them in the light of admonition and advice. In such domestic intercourse, no sacrifices are made to prejudices, to customs, to fa​shionable opinions. Paternal love, paternal care, speak their genuine sentiments, undisguised and unrestrained. A father's zeal for his daughter's improvement in whatever can make a woman amiable, with a father's quick apprehension of the dangers that too often arise, even from the attainment of that very point, suggest his admonitions, and render him attentive to a thousand little graces and little decorums, which would escape the nicest moralist who should undertake the subject on uninterested speculation. Every faculty is on ​the alarm, when the objects of such tender affection are concerned.
In the writer of these Letters, paternal tenderness and vigilance were doubled, as he was at that time sole parent; death having before deprived the young ladies of their excellent mother. His own precarious state of health inspired him with the most tender solicitude for their future welfare; and though he might have concluded, that the impression made by his instruction and uniform example could never be effaced from ​the memory of his children, yet his anxiety for their orphan condition suggested to him this method of continuing to them those advantages.
The Editor is encouraged to offer this Treatise to the Public, by the very favourable reception which the rest of his father's works have met with. The Comparative View of the State of Man and other Animals, and the Essay on the Office and Duties of a Physician, have been very generally read; and if he is not deceived by the par​tiality of his friends, he has reason to believe they have met with general approbation.
In some of those tracts the Author's object was to improve the taste and understanding of his reader; in others, to mend his heart; in others, to point out to him the proper use of philosophy, by showing its application to the duties of common life. In all his writings his chief view was the good of his fellow-creatures; and those among his friends, in whose taste and judgement he most con​fided, think the publication of this small work will contribute to that general design, and at the same time do honour to his memory, the Editor can no longer hesitate to comply with their advice in communicating it to the Public.
A
FATHER's LEGACY
TO
HIS DAUGHTERS.
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# A Short History of English Liberalism

* information about this edition.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
    No rational man ever did govern himself by abstractions and universals.... A statesman differs from a professor in an university; the latter has only the general view of society.... A statesman, never losing sight of principles, is to be guided by circumstances; and, judging contrary to the exigencies of the moment, he may ruin his country for ever.
    Burke, "On the Petition of the Unitarians."

### Contents

* I. Liberalism and Toryism
* II. Political Conditions in the Reign of George III
* III. The First Movement towards Liberalism
* IV. The French Revolution and English Opinion
* V. The Decline of Toryism
* VI. The Middle-Class Supremacy
* VII. The Manchester School and Palmerston
* VIII. The Beginning of the Gladstone Period
* IX. Gladstone versus Disraeli
* X. The Imperialist Reaction
* XI. Liberalism since 1906
* Index
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Dyer, Sir Edward

​Dyer, Sir Edward (1545?-1607).—Poet, b. at Sharpham Park, Somerset, and ed. at Oxf., was introduced to the Court by the Earl of Leicester, and sent on a mission to Denmark, 1589. He was in 1596 made Chancellor of the Order of the Garter, and knighted. In his own day he had a reputation for his elegies among such judges as Sidney and Puttenham. For a long time there was doubt as to what poems were to be attributed to him, but about a dozen pieces have now been apparently identified as his. The best known is that on contentment beginning, "My mind to me a kingdom is."
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# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Earle, John

​Earle, John (1601-1665).—Divine and miscellaneous writer, b. at York, and ed. at Oxf., where he was a Fellow of Merton. He took orders, was tutor to Charles II., a member of the Assembly of Divines at Westminster, 1643, Chaplain and Clerk of the Closet to Charles when in exile. On the Restoration he was made Dean of Westminster, in 1662 Bishop of Worcester, and the next year Bishop of Salisbury. He was learned and eloquent, witty and agreeable in society, and was opposed to the "Conventicle" and "Five Mile" Acts, and to all forms of persecution. He wrote Hortus Mertonensis (the Garden of Merton) in Latin, but his chief work was Microcosmographie, or a Piece of the World discovered in Essays and Characters ​ (1628), the best and most interesting of all the "character" books.
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# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Eastlake, Elizabeth, Lady

​Eastlake, Elizabeth, Lady (Rigby) (1809-1893).—dau. of Dr. Edward Rigby of Norwich, a writer on medical and agricultural subjects, spent her earlier life on the Continent and in Edin. In 1849 she m. Sir Charles L. Eastlake, the famous painter, and Pres. of the Royal Academy. Her first work was Letters from the Shores of the Baltic (1841). From 1842 she was a frequent contributor to the Quarterly Review, in which she wrote a very bitter criticism of Jane Eyre. She also wrote various books on art, and Lives of her husband, of Mrs. Grote, and of Gibson the sculptor.
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# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Echard, Laurence

​Echard, Laurence (c. 1670-1730).—Historian, b. at Barsham, Suffolk, and ed. at Camb., took orders and became Archdeacon of Stow. He translated Terence, part of Plautus, D'Orleans' History of the Revolutions in England, and made numerous compilations on history, geography, and the classics. His chief work, however, is his History of England (1707-1720). It covers the period from the Roman occupation to his own times, and continued to be the standard work on the subject until it was superseded by translations of Rapin's French History of England.
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# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Edgar, John George

​Edgar, John George (1834-1864).—Writer for Boys, s. of Rev. John E. Hutton, Berwickshire. Among his books are Boyhood of Great Men (1853), Runnymede and Lincoln Fair (1866), Footprints of Famous Men, Cressy and Poictiers. He was also the first editor of Every Boy's Magazine.
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# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Edgeworth, Maria

​Edgeworth, Maria (1767-1849).—Novelist, only child of Richard E., of Edgeworthstown, Co. Longford, was b. near Reading. Her f., who was himself a writer on education and mechanics, bestowed much attention on her education. She showed early promise of distinction, and assisted her f. in his literary labours, especially in Practical Education and Essay on Irish Bulls (1802). She soon discovered that her strength lay in fiction, and from 1800, when her first novel, Castle Rackrent, appeared, until 1834, when her last, Helen, was pub., she continued to produce a series of novels and tales characterised by ingenuity of invention, humour, and acute delineation of character, notwithstanding a tendency to be didactic, and the presence of a "purpose" in most of her writings. It was the success of Miss E. in delineating Irish character that suggested to Sir W. Scott the idea of rendering a similar service to Scotland. Miss E., who had great practical ability, was able to render much aid during the Irish famine. In addition to the works above mentioned, she wrote Moral Tales and Belinda (1801), Leonora (1806), Tales of Fashionable Life (1809 and 1812), and a Memoir of her f.
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# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Dyer, John

​Dyer, John (1700-1758).—Poet, was b. in Caermarthenshire. In his early years he studied painting, but finding that he was not likely to attain a satisfactory measure of success, entered the Church. He has a definite, if a modest, place in literature at the author of three poems, Grongar Hill (1727), The Ruins of Rome (1740), and The Fleece (1757). The first of these is the best, and the best known, and contains much true natural description; but all have passages of considerable poetical merit, delicacy and precision of phrase being their most noticeable characteristic. Wordsworth had a high opinion of D. as a poet, and addressed a sonnet to him.
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# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Edwards, Jonathan

​Edwards, Jonathan (1702?-1758).—Theologian, s. of a minister, was b. at East Windsor, Connecticut, ed. at Yale Coll., and licensed as a preacher in 1722. The following year he was appointed as tutor at Yale, a position in which he showed exceptional capacity. In 1726 he went to Northampton, Conn., as minister of a church there, and remained for 24 years, exercising his ministry with unusual earnestness and diligence. At the end of that time, however, he was in 1750 dismissed by his congregation, a disagreement having arisen on certain questions of discipline. Thereafter he ​acted as a missionary to the Indians of Massachusetts. While thus engaged he composed his famous treatises, On the Freedom of the Will (1754), and On Original Sin (1758). Previously, in 1746, he had produced his treatise, On the Religious Affections. In 1757 he was appointed Pres. of Princeton Coll., New Jersey, but was almost immediately thereafter stricken with small-pox, of which he d. on March 22, 1757. E. possessed an intellect of extraordinary strength and clearness, and was capable of sustaining very lengthened chains of profound argument. He is one of the ablest defenders of the Calvinistic system of theology, which he developed to its most extreme positions. He was a man of fervent piety, and of the loftiest and most disinterested character.
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# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Egan, Pierce

​Egan, Pierce (1772-1849).—Humorist, b. in London, he satirised the Prince Regent in The Lives of Florizel and Perdita (1814), but is best remembered by Life in London: or the Day and Night Scenes of Jerry Hawthorn and his elegant friend, Corinthian Tom, a collection of sketches which had great success at the time, and which gives a picture of the sports and amusements of London in the days of the Regency. It was illustrated by George Cruikshank.
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# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Edwards, Richard

​Edwards, Richard (1523?-1566).—Poet, was at Oxf., and went to Court, where he was made a Gentleman of the Chapel Royal, and master of the singing boys. He had a high reputation for his comedies and interludes. His Palamon and Arcite was acted before Elizabeth at Oxf. in 1566, when the stage fell and three persons were killed and five hurt, the play nevertheless proceeding. Damon and Pythias (1577), a comedy, is his only extant play.
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# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Appendix of Living Writers/Bury, John B., LL.D., etc.

See also J. B. Bury on Wikipedia.
​Bury, John B., LL.D., etc. (1861).—Historian. History of the Later Roman Empire from Arcadius to Irene (1889), History of Greece to Death of Alexander the Great (1900), Life of St. Patrick (1905); has ed. Pindar's Nemean Odes and Isthmian Odes, Gibbon's Decline and Fall, and part of E. A. Freeman's works.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Appendix of Living Writers/Bullen, Frank Thomas

See also Frank Thomas Bullen on Wikipedia.
​Bullen, Frank Thomas (1857).—Writer of nautical romances. The Cruise of the Cachalot, Idylls of the Sea, With Christ at Sea, A Whaleman's Wife, Sea Wrack, Sea Puritans, A Son of the Sea, Frank Brown, etc.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Appendix of Living Writers/Burnett, Mrs. Frances Hodgson

See also Frances Hodgson Burnett on Wikipedia.
​Burnett, Mrs. Frances Hodgson (1849).—Novelist and dramatist. That Lass o' Lowrie's (1877), Haworths (1879), A Fair Barbarian (1881), Through One Administration (1883), Little Lord Fauntleroy (1886), A Lady of Quality (1896), Making of a ​Marchioness (1901), etc. Plays, Phyllis, The Showman's Daughter, Esmeralda, Little Lord Fauntleroy, etc.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Appendix of Living Writers/Butler, Sir William Francis, G.C.B.

See also William Butler (British Army officer) on Wikipedia.
​Butler, Sir William Francis, G.C.B. (1838).—Traveller and biographer. The Great Lone Land (1872), The Wild North Land (1873), The Campaign of the Cataracts (1887), From Naboth's Vineyard (1907), Lives of Gen. Gordon, Sir C. Napier, Sir G. P. Colley, etc.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Appendix of Living Writers/Caine, Hall

See also Hall Caine on Wikipedia.
​Caine, Hall (1853).—Novelist. Shadow of a Crime (1885), Son of Hagar (1886), The Deemster (1887), The Bondman (1890), The Scapegoat (1891), The Manxman (1894), The Christian (1897), The Eternal City (1901), The Prodigal Son (1904), The White Prophet (1909), etc., several of which have been dramatised. Has also written books on Rossetti and Coleridge.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Appendix of Living Writers/Burnand, Sir Francis Cowley

See also F. C. Burnand on Wikipedia.
​Burnand, Sir Francis Cowley (1836).—Humorist and dramatist, ed. of Punch (1880-1906), to which he contributed Mokeanna, Strapmore, Happy Thoughts, etc. Has written over 120 plays, including Black-eyed Susan, The Colonel, Contrabandista, His Majesty, etc.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Appendix of Living Writers/Butcher, Samuel Henry, LL.D., etc.

See also Samuel Butcher (classicist) on Wikipedia.
​Butcher, Samuel Henry, LL.D., etc. (1850).—Scholar. Prose Translations of the Odyssey (1879), with A. Lang, Some Aspects of the Greek Genius (1891-1904), Aristotle's Theory of Poetry (1895, 1903), etc.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Appendix of Living Writers/Cambridge, Ada (Mrs. Cross)

See also Ada Cambridge on Wikipedia.
​Cambridge, Ada (Mrs. Cross) (1844).—Australian novelist. A Marked Man (1891), The Three Miss Kings (1891), A Little Minx (1893), Fidelis (1895), Materfamilias (1898), The Devastators (1901), A Happy Marriage (1906), The Eternal Feminine (1907), etc.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Appendix of Living Writers/Bullen, Arthur Henry

See also Arthur Henry Bullen on Wikipedia.
​Bullen, Arthur Henry (1857).—Ed. of Old English writers. Ed. Works of John Day, dramatist (1881), Collection of Old English Plays (1882-84), Selections from Poems of Michael Drayton (1883), ed. Works of Marlowe, Middleton, Marston, Peele, Campion, Lyrics from the Song Books of Elizabethan Age (1886), England's Helicon (1887), works of Thos. Traherne, W. Strode, etc.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Appendix of Living Writers/Cable, George Washington

See also George Washington Cable on Wikipedia.
​Cable, George Washington (1844).—American novelist. Old Creole Days (1879), The Grandissimes (1880), Madame Delphine (1881), Dr. Sevier (1884), John March (1884), The Cavalier (1901), Bylow Hill (1902), Kincard's Battery (1908), etc.
# A Tale of Two Cities (1898)/Book the Third
### Contents

* Chapter I: In Secret
* Chapter II: The Grindstone
* Chapter III: The Shadow
* Chapter IV: Calm in Storm
* Chapter V: The Wood-sawyer
* Chapter VI: Triumph
* Chapter VII: A Knock at the Door
* Chapter VIII: A Hand at Cards
* Chapter IX: The Game Made
* Chapter X: The Substance of the Shadow
* Chapter XI: Dusk
* Chapter XII: Darkness
* Chapter XIII: Fifty-two
* Chapter XIV: The Knitting Done
* Chapter XV: The Footsteps Die Out For Ever
# A Treatise on Painting/Chapter 42

Chap. XLII.—Fat Subjects have small Muscles.
Though fat people have this in common with muscular men, that they are frequently short and thick, they have thin muscles; but their skin contains a great deal of spongy and soft flesh full of air; ​for that reason they are lighter upon the water, and swim better than muscular people.
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