# Graiméar na Gaedhilge/Appendix 9

Appendix IX.
EARLY MODERN FORMS OF THE VERBS.
IS.
We give only those forms which have not already been given in the body of the Grammar.
Obsolete Dependent Present: ‑aḋ; (as in gonaḋ, that it is, danaḋ, to which or whom it is). This form occurs frequently in early modern writers. A remnant of it is found in the word gioḋ or giḋ, though it is.
The form fa of the past though frequently found in early modern writers is now obsolete.
The full form of the Dependent Past, though sometimes found in early modern writers is now contracted to ‑rḃ’ before vowels, and to ‑r before consonants.
Subjunctive: Dámaḋ (dá mbaḋ), if it were; gémaḋ (gé mbaḋ), though it were.
TÁ.
Imperative. :
| 1. | — | bímís, bíom. |
| 2. | bí. | bíḋ, bíḋiḋ. |
| 3. | bíoḋ | bídís. |
Present Tense. :
| | Absolute. | Absolute. | Dependent. | Dependent. |
| 1. | atáim | atámaoid. | fuilim | fuilimíd |
| 2. | ataoi | atáṫaoi. | fuile (-ir) | fuiltí. |
| 3. | atá | atáid. | fuil | fuilid. |
Habitual Present. :
| 1. | bím | bímíd. |
| 2. | bír | bíṫí. |
| 3. | bí(ḋ) | bid. |
Past Tense. :
| | Absolute. | Absolute. | Dependent. | Dependent. |
| 1. | ḃáḋas | ḃámar. | raḃas | raḃamar |
| 2. | ḃáḋais | ḃáḃar. | raḃais | raḃaḃar. |
| 3. | ḃí | ḃádar | raiḃe | raḃadar. |
Future Tense. :
| 1. | biad | biamaoid, biam. |
| 2. | biair | biaṫaoi. |
| 3. | biaiḋ, bia | biaid. |
Relative: ḃias.
Conditional—Secondary Future. :
| 1. | Ḃéinn | ḃéimís. |
| 2. | ḃéiṫeá | ḃiaḋ siḃ |
| 3. | ḃiaḋ, ḃeiṫ | ḃéidís. |
Subjunctive Mood. Present Tense. :
| 1. | raḃad | raḃmaoid, raḃam. |
| 2. | raḃair | raḃṫaoi. |
| 3. | raiḃe | raḃaid. |
ENDINGS OF THE REGULAR VERBS IN EARLY MODERN IRISH.
The following is a table showing the various endings of the regular verbs in Early Modern Irish. It is not intended that these forms should be learned by the student; they are given merely for reference:—
| Broad Terminations. | Broad Terminations. | Broad Terminations. | Slender Terminations. | Slender Terminations. | Slender Terminations. |
| Imperative. | Imperative. | Imperative. | Imperative. | Imperative. | Imperative. |
| | sing. | plu. | | sing. | plu. |
| 1. | — | ‑am. | 1. | — | ‑eam. |
| 2. | [root] | ‑aiḋ. | 2. | [root] | ‑iḋ. |
| 3. | ‑aḋ. | ‑(a)daois. | 3. | ‑eaḋ. | ‑(i)dís. |
| Present Tense. | Present Tense. | Present Tense. | Present Tense. | Present Tense. | Present Tense. |
| 1. | ‑aim. | ‑(a)maoid. | 1. | ‑im. | ‑(i)míd. |
| 2. | ‑air. | ‑taoi. | 2. | ‑ir. | ‑tí. |
| 3. | ‑aiḋ. | ‑aid. | 3. | ‑iḋ. | ‑id. |
| Imperfect | Imperfect | Imperfect | Imperfect. | Imperfect. | Imperfect. |
| 1. | ‑ainn. | ‑amaois. | 1. | ‑inn. | ‑(i)mís. |
| 2. | ‑tá. | ‑taoi. | 2. | ‑teá. | ‑tí. |
| 3. | ‑aḋ. | ‑(a)daois. | 3. | ‑eaḋ. | ‑(i)dís. |
| Past. | Past. | Past. | Past. | Past. | Past. |
| 1. | ‑as. | ‑amar. | 1. | ‑eas. | ‑eamar. |
| 2. | ‑ais. | ‑aḃar. | 2. | ‑is. | ‑eaḃar. |
| 3. | (no ending). | ‑adar. | 3. | (no ending) | ‑eadar. ​ |
| Future. | Future. | Future. | Future. | Future. | Future. |
| 1. | ‑fad. | ‑fam(aoid) | 1. | ‑fead. | ‑feam (fimíd) |
| 2. | ‑fair. | ‑faoi. | 2. | ‑fir. | ‑fí. |
| 3. | ‑faiḋ. | ‑faid. | 3. | ‑fiḋ. | ‑fid. |
| Conditional. | Conditional. | Conditional. | Conditional. | Conditional. | Conditional. |
| 1. | ‑fainn. | ‑famaois. | 1. | ‑finn. | ‑fimís. |
| 2. | ‑fá. | ‑faoi. | 2. | ‑feá. | ‑fí. |
| 3. | ‑faḋ. | ‑fadaois. | 3. | ‑peaḋ. | ‑fidís. |
Irregular Verbs.
It is principally in the future tense that the inflexions of the irregular verbs in Early Modern Usage differ from the forms now generally used.
Future Tense :
| 1. | (no termination) | am (‑maoid). |
| 2. | air | taoi. |
| 3. | a | aid. |
The following verbs took no inflexion in the 3rd person singular of the present time. The forms in brackets are the dependent forms:—
Do-ḃeir (taḃair), deir (abair), do-ġeiḃ (faġaiḃ, faġḃann), do-ġní, do-ċí (faic), (cluin), tig, téid.
The following had no inflexion in the 1st person singular past tense :—
Aduḃairt, (duḃart), atċonnaċ (faca) tánag, cuala, ránag.