OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Littell's Living Age/Volume 169/Issue 2192/Helen of Troy

Originally published in Spectator.
Long years ago he bore me to a land beyond the sea, To a city fair and stately, that renowned must ever be, Through all ages yet to follow, for the light shed there by me.  I am Helen; where is Troy?
They have told me not a rooftree, nor a wall is standing now, That o'erthrown is the great altar, where ten thousand once did bow, While on high to Aphrodite rose the solemn hymn and vow.  I am Helen; where is Troy?
Do they deem that thus the story of my life will pass away? Troy betrayed, and all who loved me slain upon that fatal day, Shall but make the memory of me evermore with men to stay.  I am Helen; where is Troy?
Fools! to dream that time can ever make the tale of Troy grow old; Buried now is every hero, and the grass green o'er the mould, But of her they fought and died for, every age shall yet be told.  I am Helen; where is Troy?
# Littell's Living Age/Volume 170/Issue 2200/Luna

Originally published in Athæneum.
[The most eminent sonneteer whom Sweden has produced is Erik Johan Stagnelius, who was almost precisely a contemporary of Shelley, and slightly resembled him in temperament. He was born in 1793 in a parsonage on the island of Oland, his father becoming, in the son's childhood, Bishop of Kalmar. The poet had a brilliant if somewhat eccentric career at the University of Lund. He wrote early, and soon surpassed all that had written Swedish verse before him. He enjoyed a great success in various departments of lyrical and dramatic literature, and though he was melancholy and capricious, and of a delicate constitution, his death at the age of twenty-nine, in the beginning of 1823, was a surprise to every one. He was found dead, but how he died remains a complete mystery. The fame of Stagnelius is eclipsed, in his own country, only by that of Tegnér, and his sonnets, though exceedingly mystical and often obscure, are certainly the most original in the language. As no English version of them has ever been printed, I have attempted to translate the following examples, at the request of my friend Mr. S. Waddington]
Deep slumber hung o'er sea and hill and plain;  With pale pink cheek fresh from her watery caves  Slow rose the moon out of the midnight waves, Like Venus out of ocean born again. Olympian blazed she on the dark blue main;  "So shall, ye gods," — hark how my weak hope raves! —  "My happy star ascend the sea that laves Its shores with grief, and silence all my pain!" With that there sighed a wandering midnight breeze High up among the topmost tufted trees,  And o'er the moon's face blew a veil of cloud; And in the breeze my genius spake, and said, "While thy heart stirred, thy glimmering hope has fled,  And like the moon lies muffled in a shroud."
This work is a translation and has a separate copyright status to the applicable copyright protections of the original content.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Purser

See also Purser on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​PURSER, the old name for the paymaster of the British and American navies still used in merchant vessels of to-day. In the British navy he was appointed by a warrant from the admiralty and was paid partly by salary and partly by a percentage (10%) on the value of unexpanded stores.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Purlin

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​PURLIN, a term in architecture for the longitudinal timbers of a roof, which are carried by the principal rafters and the end walls and support the common rafters.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Purrah

See also Poro on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​PURRAH, Purroh, or Poro, a secret society of Sierra Leone, West Africa. Only males are admitted to its ranks, but two other affiliated and secret associations exist, the Yassi and the Bundu, the first of which is nominally reserved for females, but members of the Purrah are admitted to certain ceremonies. All the female members of the Yassi must be also members of the Bundu, which is strictly reserved to women. Of the three, the Purrah is by far the most important. The entire native population is governed by its code of laws. It primarily represents a type of freemasonry, a “friendly” society to which even infants are temporarily admitted, the ceremony in their case consisting merely of carrying them into the Purrah “bush” and out again. But this side of the Purrah is merged in its larger objects as represented by its two great aspects, the religious and the civil. Under the former, boys join it at puberty, while under the latter it is practically the native governing body, making laws, deciding on war and peace, &c.
The Purrah has its special ritual and language, tattooing and symbols, but details are unknown, as the oath of secrecy is always kept. It meets usually in the dry season, between the months of October and May. The rendezvous is in “the bush,” an enclosure, separated into apartments by mats and roofed only by the overhanging trees, serving as a club-house. There are three grades, the first for chiefs and “big men,” the second for fetish-priests and the third for the crowd. The ceremonies of the Purrali are presided over by the Purrah “devil,” a man in fetish dress, who addresses the meeting through a long tube of wood.
The Purrah can place its taboo on anything or anybody; and as no native would venture to defy its order, much trouble has been caused where the taboo has been laid upon crops. In 1897 the British or local government was compelled to pass a special ordinance absolutely forbidding the imposition of the taboo on all indigenous products. Of the affiliated societies the Yassi appears to some extent to be an association for providing men and women, who believe themselves ill through “fetish,” with medical treatment, on payment of certain fees. The women's Bundu is in many ways a replica of the men's Purrah, though without political power.
See T. J. Alldridge, The Sherbro and its Hinterland (1901).
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Purlieu

See also Purlieu on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​PURLIEU, a word used of the outlying parts of a place or district, sometimes in a derogatory sense. It was a term of the old English forest law (q.v.), and meant, as defined by Manwood (Treatise of the Forest Laws), “a certain territory of ground adjoining unto the forest,. . .which. . .was once forest-land and afterwards disafforested by the perambulations made for the severing of the new forests from the old.” The owner of free-lands in the purlieu to the yearly value of forty shillings was known as a “purlieu-man” or “purley-man.” There seems no doubt that “purlieu” or “purley” represents the Anglo-French puralé, puralee (O. Fr. pouraler, puraler, to go through, Lat. perambulate), a legal term meaning properly a perambulation to determine the boundaries of a manor, parish, &c.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Purple

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​PURPLE, a colour-name, now given to a shade varying between crimson and violet. Formerly it was used, as the origin of the name shows, of the deep crimson colour called in Latin purpura, purpureus and in Greek πορφύρα, πορφύρεος (from πορφύρειν, to grow dark, especially used of the sea). This was properly the name of the shellfish (Purpura, Murex) which yielded the famous Tyrian dye, the particular mark of the dress of emperors, kings, chief magistrates and other dignitaries, whence “ the purple” still signifies the rank of emperors or kings.
The title of porphyrogenitus (Gr. πορφυρογέννητος) was borne particularly by Constantine VII., Byzantine emperor, but was also used generally of those born of the Byzantine imperial family. This title, generally translated “born in the purple,” either refers to the purple robes in which the imperial children were wrapped at birth, or to a chamber or part of the imperial palace, called the Porphyra. (πιόρφυρα), where the births took place. Whether this Porphyra signified a chamber with purple hangings or lined with porphyry is not known (see Selden, Titles of Honour, ed. 1672, p. 60 seq.).
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Puritanism

See also Puritanism on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​PURITANISM (Lat. puritas, purity), the name given—originally perhaps in a hostile sense on the analogy of Catharism (see Cathars)—to the movement for greater strictness of life and simplicity in worship which grew up in the Church of England in the 16th century among those who thought that there had not been a sufficient divergence from the Roman Church, and which ultimately led to the rise of a number of separatist denominations. Thomas Fuller (Church History) traces the earliest use of the term “Puritan” to 1564. The terms “Precisian,” “Puritan,” “Presbyterian,” were all used by Archbishop Parker in his letters about this time as nicknames for the same party, and ten years later the name was in common use.
See England, Church of; Congregationalism; Presbyterianism, &c.; also D. Neal, History of the Puritans (ed. Toulmin, 5 vols., 1822); E. Dowden, Puritan and Anglican (1901); J. Heron, A Short History of Puritanism (1908).
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Purnea

See also Purnia on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​PURNEA or Purniah, a town and district of British India, in the Bhagalpur division of Bengal. The town is on the left bank of the little river Saura, with a railway station. Pop. (1901), 14, oo7. It has a bad reputation for fever.
The District of Purnea has an area of 4994 sq. m. and a population (1901) of 1,874,794, showing a decrease of 3.6% in the decade. The district extends from the Ganges northwards to the frontier of Nepal. It is a level, depressed tract of country, consisting for the most part of a rich, loamy soil of alluvial formation. It is traversed by several rivers flowing from the Himalayas, which afford great advantages of irrigation and water-carriage; in the west the soil is thickly covered with sand deposited by changes in the course of the Kusi. Among other rivers are the Mahananda and the Panar. Under Mahommedan rule Purnea was an outlying province, yielding little revenue and often in a state of anarchy. Its local governor raised a rebellion against Suraj-ud-daula in 1757, after the capture of Calcutta. The principal crops are rice, pulses and oilseeds. The cultivation of indigo is declining, but that of jute is extending. The district is traversed by branches of the Eastern Bengal railway, which join the Bengal and North-Western railway at Katihar.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Purse

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​PURSE (Late Lat. bursa, adapted from Gr. βύρσα, hide, skin; possibly O. Eng. pusa, bag, has influenced the change from b to p), a small bag for holding money, originally a leather pouch tied at the mouth, but now of various shapes. The great seal of England is borne by the purse-bearer in a purse, usually styled “ burse,” decorated with the arms of the kingdom, the “ burse " being thus one of the insignia of office of the lord chancellor of England. The “ privy purse ” is the amount of public money set apart in the civil list for the private and personal use of the sovereign (see Privy Purse).
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Mymensingh

See also Mymensingh District on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​MYMENSINGH, or Maimansingh, a district of British India, in the Dacca division of Eastern Bengal and Assam. It occupies a portion of the alluvial valley of the Brahmaputra east of the main channel (called the Jamuna) and north of Dacca. The administrative headquarters are at Nasirabad, sometimes called Mymensingh town. Area, 6332 sq. m. Pop. (1901), 3,915,068, showing an increase of 12·8% in the decade. The district is for the most part level and open, covered with well-cultivated fields, and intersected by numerous rivers. The Madhupur jungle is a slightly elevated tract, extending from the north of Dacca district into the heart of Mymensingh; its average height is about 60 ft. above the level of the surrounding country, and it nowhere exceeds 100 ft. The jungle contains abundance of sāl, valuable both as timber and for charcoal. The only other elevated tract in the district is on the southern border, where the Susang hills rise. They are for the most part covered with thick thorny jungle, but in parts are barren and rocky. The Jamuna forms the western boundary of Mymensingh for a course of 94 m. It is navigable for large boats throughout the year; and during the rainy season it expands in many places to 5 or 6 m. in breadth. The Brahmaputra enters Mymensingh at its north-western corner near Karaibari, and flows south-east and south till it joins the Meghna a little below Bhairab Bazar. The gradual formation of chars and bars of sand in the upper part of its course has diverted the main volume of water into the present channel of the Jamuna, which has in consequence become of much more importance than the Brahmaputra proper. The Meghna only flows for a short distance through the south-east portion of the district, the eastern and south-eastern parts of which abound in marshes. The staple crops of the country are rice, jute and oil-seeds. A branch line of the Eastern Bengal railway runs north from Dacca through Nasirabad, &c., to the Jamuna. The district was severely affected by the earthquake of the 12th of June 1897.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Myonemes

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MYONEMES, in Infusoria and some Flagellates, the differentiated threads of ectosarc, which are contractile and doubly refractive, performing the function of muscular fibres in the Metazoa.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Myriapoda

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​MYRIAPODA (Gr. for “many-legged”), arthropod animals of which centipedes and millipedes are familiar examples. Linnaeus included them in his Insecta Aptera together with Crustacea and Arachnida; in 1796 P. A. Latreille designated them as Myriopoda, making of them, along with the Crustacean Oniscus, one of the seven orders into which he divided the Aptera of Linnaeus. Later on J. C. Savigny, by study of the mouth-parts, clearly distinguished them from Insects and Crustacea. In 1814 W. E. Leach defined them and divided them into Centipedes and Millipedes. In 1825 Latreille carried further the observations of Leach, and suggested that the two groups were very distinct, the millipedes being nearer Crustacea and the centipedes approaching Arachnida and Insecta. Although Latreille’s suggestion has not been adopted, it is recognized that centipedes and millipedes are too far apart to be united as Myriapoda, and they are now treated as separate classes of the Arthropoda. See Centipede (Chilopoda) and Millipede (Diplopoda).
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Myngs, Sir Christopher

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​MYNGS, SIR CHRISTOPHER (1625–1666), British admiral, came of a Norfolk family. Pepys’ story of his humble birth is said to be erroneous. It is probable that he saw a good deal of sea-service before 1648. He first appears prominently as the captain of the “Elisabeth,” which after a sharp action brought in a Dutch convoy with two men-of-war as prizes. From 1653 to 1655 he continued to command the “Elisabeth,” high in favour with the council of state and recommended for promotion by the flag officers under whom he served. In 1655 he was appointed to the “Marston Moor,” the crew of which was on the verge of mutiny. His firm measures quelled the insubordinate spirit, and he took the vessel out to the West Indies, where he remained for some years. The Restoration government retained him in his command, and in 1664 he was made vice-admiral in Prince Rupert’s squadron. As vice-admiral of the White he flew his flag at Lowestoft in 1665, and for his share in that action received the honour of knighthood. In the following year he served under the new lord high admiral, Sandwich, as vice-admiral of the Blue. He was on detachment with Prince Rupert when the great Four Days’ Battle began, but returned to the main fleet in time to take part, and in this action he received a wound of which he died.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Myron

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​MYRON, a Greek sculptor of the middle of the 5th century B.C. He was born at Eleutherae on the borders of Boeotia and Attica. He worked almost exclusively in bronze: and though he made some statues of gods and heroes, his fame rested principally upon his representations of athletes, in which he made a revolution, by introducing greater boldness of pose and a more perfect rhythm. His most famous works according to Pliny (Nat. Hist., 34, 57) were a cow, Ladas the runner, who fell dead at the moment of victory, and a discus-thrower. The cow seems to have earned its fame mainly by serving as a peg on which to hang epigrams, which tell us nothing about the pose of the animal. Of the Ladas there is no known copy. But we are fortunate in possessing several copies of the discobolus, of which the best is in the Massimi palace at Rome (see Greek Art, Pl. iv. fig. 68). The example in the British Museum has the head put on wrongly. The athlete is represented at the moment when he has swung back the discus with the full stretch of his arm, and is about to hurl it with the full weight of his body. The head should be turned back toward the discus.
A marble figure in the Lateran Museum (see Greek Art, Pl. iii. fig. 64), which is now restored as a dancing satyr, is almost certainly a copy of a work of Myron, a Marsyas desirous of picking up the flutes which Athena had thrown away (Pausanias, i. 24, 1). The full group is copied on coins of Athens, on a vase and in a relief which represent Marsyas as oscillating between curiosity and the fear of the displeasure of Athena.
The ancient critics say of Myron that, while he succeeded admirably in giving life and motion to his figures, he did not succeed in rendering the emotions of the mind. This agrees with the extant evidence, in a certain degree, though not perfectly. The bodies of his men are of far greater excellence than the heads. The face of the Marsyas is almost a mask; but from the attitude we gain a vivid impression of the passions which sway him. The face of the discus-thrower is calm and unruffled; but all the muscles of his body are concentrated in an effort.
A considerable number of other extant works are ascribed to the school or the influence of Myron by A. Furtwängler in his suggestive Masterpieces of Greek Sculpture (pp. 168–219). These attributions, however, are anything but certain, nor do the arguments by which Furtwängler supports his attributions bear abridgment.
A recently discovered papyrus from Egypt informs us that Myron made statues of the athlete Timanthes, victorious at Olympia in 456 B.C., and of Lycinus, victorious in 448 and 444. This helps us to fix his date. He was a contemporary, but a somewhat older contemporary, of Pheidias and Polyclitus.  (P.G.)
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Myrmidones

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​MYRMIDONES, in Greek legend, an Achaean race, in Homeric times inhabiting Phthiotis in Thessaly. According to the ancient tradition, their original home was Aegina, whence they crossed over to Thessaly with Peleus, but the converse view is now more generally accepted. Their name is derived from a supposed ancestor, son of Zeus and Eurymedusa, who was wooed by the god in the form of an ant (Gr. μύρμηξ); or from the repeopling of Aegina (when all its inhabitants had died of the plague) with ants changed into men by Zeus at the prayer of Aeacus, king of the island. The word “myrmidon” has passed into the English language to denote a subordinate who carries out the orders of his superior without mercy or consideration for others.
See Strabo viii. 375, ix. 433; Homer, Iliad, ii. 681; schol. on Pindar Nem. iii. 21; Clem. Alex., Protrepticon, p. 34, ed. Potter.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Myrobalans

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MYROBALANS, the name given to the astringent fruits of several species of Terminalia, largely used used in India for dyeing and tanning and exported for the same purpose. They are large deciduous trees and belong to the family Combretaceae. The chief kinds are the chebulic or black myrobalan, from Terminalia Chebula, which are smooth, and the beleric, from T. belerica, which are five-angled and covered with a greyish down.
# Lane Bodley Company v. Locke

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
150 U.S. 193
Lane Bodley Company v. Locke
L. M. Hosea, for appellant.
T. A. Logan, for appellee.
Mr. Justice SHIRAS delivered the opinion of the court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Lane v. Brown

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.

## Dissenting Opinion

    Harlan
United States Supreme Court
372 U.S. 477
Lane v. Brown
Argued: Jan. 16 and 17, 1963. --- Decided: March 18, 1963
William D. Ruckelshaus, Indianapolis, Ind., for petitioner, pro hac vice, by special leave of Court.
Nathan Levy, South Bend, Ind., for respondent.
Mr. Justice STEWART delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Lane v. Brown/Dissent Harlan

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
* Dissenting Opinion Harlan
United States Supreme Court
372 U.S. 477
Lane v. Brown
Argued: Jan. 16 and 17, 1963. --- Decided: March 18, 1963
Separate opinion of Mr. Justice HARLAN, in which Mr. Justice CLARK concurs.
I think it falls short of the requirements of due process for a State to foreclose an indigent from appealing in a case such as this at the unreviewable discretion of a Public Defender by whom, or by whose office, the indigent has been represented at the trial. It ignores the human equation not to recognize the possibility that a Public Defender, so circumstanced may decide not to appeal questions which a lawyer who has had no previous connection with the case might consider worthy of appellate review. (I do not of course remotely intimate that such is the situation here.)
Were it clear that the decision of this Public Defender not to appeal had been subject to judicial review at the instance of the prisoner, I should have voted to sustain this conviction. However, the State Attorney General has candidly informed us that the Indiana law is unclear on this score.
Accordingly, while agreeing with the Court's action in remanding this case, I would instruct the District Court to discharge the prisoner only if the Indiana Supreme Court fails, within a reasonable time, to accord him a review of the Public Defender's decision not to appeal the denial of coram nobis.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Lane

United States Supreme Court
135 U.S. 443
Lane
Wm. M. Randolph, A. H. Garland, and Heber J. May, for petitioner.
Sol. Gen. Taft, for respondent.
MILLER, J.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse