# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Vol 18/Table of contributors

See also our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
INITIALS USED IN VOLUME XVIII. TO IDENTIFY INDIVIDUAL CONTRIBUTORS, WITH THE HEADINGS OF THE ARTICLES IN THIS VOLUME SO SIGNED.
| A. Ca. Arthur Cayley, LL.D., F.R.S. See the biographical article, Cayley, Arthur. | Monge, Gaspard. |
| A. E. G Rev. Alfred Ernest Garvie, M.A., D.D. Principal of New College, Hampstead. Member of the Board of Theology and the Board of Philosophy, London University. Author of Studies in the inner Life of Jesus; &c. | Miracle. |
| A. E. S. Arthur Everett Shipley, M.A., D.Sc., F.R.S. Master of Christ's College, Cambridge. Reader in Zoology, Cambridge University. Joint-editor of the Cambridge Natural History. | Mesozoa. |
| A. F. P. Albert Frederick Pollard, M.A., F.R.Hist.S. Professor of English History in the University of London. Fellow of All Souls College, Oxford. Assistant Editor of the Dictionary of National Biography, 1893-1901. Lothian Prizeman (Oxford), 1892; Arnold Prizeman, 1898. Author of England under the Protector Somerset; Henry VIII.; Life of Thomas Cranmer; &c. | Morton, John. |
| A. Go.* Rev. Alexander Gordon, M.A. Lecturer on Church History in the University of Manchester. | Menius; Mennonites; Menno Simons; Morone. |
| A. G. D Arthur George Doughty, M.A., Litt.D., C.M.G. Dominion Archivist of Canada. Member of the Geographical Board of Canada. Author of The Cradle of New France; &c. Joint-editor of Documents relating to the Constitutional History of Canada. | Mercier, Honoré. |
| A. Ha. Adolf Harnack. See the biographical article, Harnack, Adolf. | Millennium; Montanism. |
| A. H.-S. Sir A. Houtum-Schindler, C.I.E. General in the Persian Army. Author of Eastern Persian Irak. | Meshed. |
| A. J. G. Rev. Alexander James Grieve, M.A., B.D. Professor of New Testament and Church History at the United Independent College, Bradford. Sometime Registrar of Madras University and Member of Mysore Educational Service. | Missions (in part). |
| A. J. L. Andrew Jackson Lamoureux. Librarian, College of Agriculture, Cornell University. Formerly Editor of the Rio News, Rio de Janeiro. | Mexico: Geography. |
| A. L. Andrew Lang. See the biographical article, Lang, Andrew. | Molière. |
| A. M. C. Agnes Mary Clerke. See the biographical article, Clerke, A. M. | Mouchez. |
| A. N. Alfred Newton, F.R.S. See the biographical article, Newton, Alfred. | Megapode; Merganser; Mocking Bird; Moor-Hen; Morillon; Motmot; Mouse-Bird. |
| A. Se.* Adam Sedgwick, M.A., F.R.S. Professor of Zoology at the Fellow, and formerly Tutor, Imperial College of Science and Technology, London. of Trinity College, Cambridge. Professor of Zoology in the University of Cambridge, 1907-1909. | Metamorphosis. |
| A. V. G. Baron Alfred Von Gutschmid. See the biographical article, Gutschmid, Alfred, Baron Von. | Moses of Chorene (in part). |
| A. Wa. Arthur Waugh, M.A. New College, Oxford. Newdigate Prize 1888. Author of Gordon in Africa; Alfred, Lord Tennyson. Editor of Johnson's Lives of the Poets; editions of Dickens, Tennyson, Arnold, Lamb; &c. | Morris, William. |
| B. J. Bernhard Jülg (1825-1886). Formerly Professor of Classical Philology in the University of Innsbrück. Author of Mongolische Märchensammlung; Über Wesen und Aufgabe der Sprachwissenschaft; and On the Present State of Mongolian Researches. | Mongols: Language. |
| B. M.* Budgett Meakin (1866-1906). Formerly Editor of the Times of Morocco. Author of The Land of the Moors; The Moorish Empire; Life in Morocco; &c. | Morocco (in part). |
| C. A. Cleveland Abbe, A.M., LL.D. Professor of Meteorology, U.S. Weather Bureau, Washington. Director of the Cincinnati Observatory, 1863-1873. Editor of Monthly Weather Review; and Bulletin of Mount Weather Observatory. Author of Meteorological Apparatus and Methods; &c. | Meteorology. |
| C. B. W.* Charles Bertie Wedd, F.G.S. Joint-author of various memoirs and maps of the Geological Survey. | Millstone Grit; Miocene. |
| C. C. Charles Creighton, M.A., M.D. King's College, Cambridge. Author of A History of Epidemics in Britain; Jenner and Vaccination; Plague in India; &c. | Monster (in part); Morgagni. |
| C. El. Sir Charles Norton Edgcumbe Eliot, K.C.M.G., C.B., M.A., LL.D., D.C.L. Vice-Chancellor of Sheffield University. Formerly Fellow of Trinity College Oxford. H.M.'s Commissioner and Commander-in-Chief for the British East Africa Protectorate; Agent and Consul-general at Zanzibar; and Consul-general for German East Africa, 1900-1904. | Mordvinians. |
| C. F. A. Charles Francis Atkinson. Formerly Scholar of Queen's College, Oxford. Captain, 1st City of London (Royal Fusiliers). Author of The Wilderness and Cold Harbour. | Medal: War Decoration, (in part). |
| C. F. B. Charles Francis Bastable, M.A., LL.D. Regius Professor of Laws and Professor of Political Economy in the University; of Dublin. Author of Public Finance; Commerce of Nations; Theory of International Trade; | Monetary Conferences; Money. |
| C. G. Ala. Chaloner Grenville Alabaster. Barrister-at-Law, Inner Temple. | Money-Lending. |
| C. J. B. Charles Jasper Blunt, A.O.D. Major, Royal Artillery. Chief Ordnance Officer, Singapore. Served through Chitral Campaign. | Mohmand Campaign. |
| C. J. F.* Constance Jocelyn Ffoulkes. Translator of Morelli's Italian Painters; &c. | Moreili. |
| C. J. L. Sir Charles James Lyall, K.C.S.I., C.I.E., LL.D. (Edin.). Secretary, Judicial and Public Department, India Office. Fellow of King's College, London. Secretary to Government of India in Home Department, 1889-1894. Chief Commissioner, Central Provinces, India, 1895-18f98. Author of Translations of Ancient Arabic Poetry; &c. | Mofaḍḍalīyāt. |
| C. Mi. Chedomille Mijatovich. Senator of the Kingdom of Servia. Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the King of Servia to the Court of St James's, 1895-1900, and 1902-1903. | Michael Obrenovich III.; Milosh Obrenovich I. |
| C. Mo. William Cosmo Monkhouse. See the biographical article, Monkhouse, William Cosmo. | Millais. |
| C. Pf. Christian Pfister, D-ès.-L. Professor at the Sorbonne, Paris. Chevalier of the Legion of Honour. Author of Etudes sur le regne de Robert le Pieux. | Merovingians. |
| C. R. B. Charles Raymond Beazley, M.A., D.Litt., F.R.G.S., F.R.Hist.S. Professor of Modern History in the University of Birmingham. Formerly Fellow of Merton College, Oxford, and University Lecturer in the History of Geography. Lothian Prizeman, Oxford, 1889. Lowell Lecturer, Boston, 1908. Author of Henry the Navigator; The Dawn of Modern Geography; &c. | Mela, Pomponius (in part); Mercator; Monte Corvino. |
| C. R. W. B. C. R. W. Biggar, M.A., K.C. | Mowat, Sir Oliver. |
| C. S. R. Hon. Charles Stewart Rolls, M.A., F.R.G.S. (1877-1910). Trinity Co1lege, Cambridge. British Pioneer of Motoring and Aviation. Formerly Managing Director of Rolls-Royce, Ltd. | Motor Vehicles: Light Vehicles. |
| C. We. Cecil Weatherly. Formerly Scholar of Queen's College, Oxford. Barrister-at-Law. | Monument. |
| D. B. Ma. Duncan Black Macdonald, M.A., D.D., Professor of Semitic Languages, Hartford Theological Seminary, U.S.A. Author of Development of Muslim Theology; Jurisprudence and Constitutional Theory; Selections from Ibn Khaldun; Religious Attitude and Life in Islam; &c. | Mufti. |
| D. F. T. Donald Francis Tovey. Author of Essays in Musical Analysis: comprising The Classical Concerto, The Goldberg Variations, and analyses of many other classical works. | Melody; Mendelssohn-Bartholdy (in part); Motet; Mozart (in part). |
| D. Gi. Sir David Gill, K.C.B., LL.D., F.R.S., F.R A.S., D.Sc. H.M. Astronomer at Cape of Good Hope, 1879-1907. Served on Geodetic Survey of Egypt, and on the expedition to Ascension Island to determine the Solar Parallax by observations of Mars. Directed Geodetic Survey of Natal, Cape Colony, and Rhodesia. Author of Geodetic Survey of South Africa; Catalogues of Stars for the Equinoxes, 1850, 1860, 1885, 1890, 1900; &c. | Micrometer. |
| D. G. H. David George Hogarth, M.A. Keeper of the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford. Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford. Fellow of the British Academy. Excavated at Paphos, 1888; Naucratis 1899 and 1903; Ephesus, 1904-1905; Assiut, 1906-1907. Director, British School at Athens, 1897-1900. Director, Cretan Exploration Fund, 1899. | Mersina; Miletus. |
| D. H. David Hannay. Formerly British Vice-Consul at Barcelona. Author of Short History of the Royal Navy; Life of Emilio Castelar; &c. | Meloria; Mina. |
| D. Ll. T. Daniel Lleufer Thomas. Barrister-at-Law, Lincoln's Inn. Stipendiary Magistrate at Pontypridd and Rhondda. | Merthyr Tydfil. |
| D. Ma. David Masson, LL.D. See the biographical article, Masson, David. | Milton (in part). |
| D. Mn. Rev. Dugald Macfadyen, M.A. Minister of South Grove Congregational Church, Highgate. Author of Constructive Congregational Ideals; &c. | Melville, Andrew. |
| D. N. P. Diarmid Noel Paton, M.D., F.R.C.P. (Edin.). Regius Professor of Physiology in the University of Glasgow. Formerly Superintendent of Research Laboratory of Royal College of Physicians, Edinburgh. Biological Fellow of Edinburgh University, 1884. Author of Essentials of Human Physiology; &c. | Metabolic Diseases. |
| D. R.-M. David Randall-MacIver, M.A., D.Sc. Curator of Egyptian Department, University of Pennsylvania. Formerly Worcester Reader in Egyptology, University of Oxford. Author of Medieval Rhodesia; &c. | Monomotapa. |
| D. S. M.* David Samuel Margoliouth, M.A., D.Litt. Laudian Professor of Arabic, Oxford. Fellow of New College. Author of Arabic Papyri of the Bodleian Library; Mohammed and the Rise of Islam; Cairo, Jerusalem and Damascus. | Meroe. |
| E. A. M. Edward Alfred Minchin, M.A., F.Z.S., Professor of Protozoology in the University of London. Formerly Fellow of Merton College, Oxford. | Medusa. |
| E. B. T. Edward Burnett Tylor, D.C.L., LL.D. See the biographical article, Tylor, Edward Burnett. | Mexico: Ancient History (in part). |
| E. C. B. Right Rev. Edward Cuthbert Butler, O.S.B., D.Litt. Abbot of Downside Abbey, Bath. Author of “The Lausiac History of Palladius” in Cambridge Texts and Studies, vol. vi. | Mendicant Movement and Orders; Monasticism; Monte Cassino. |
| E. E. A. Ernest E. Austen. Assistant in Department of Zoology, Natural History Museum, South Kensington. | Mosquito. |
| E. F. S. D. Lady Dilke. See the biographical article, Dilke, Sir C. W., Bart. | Millet, Jean François. |
| E. Gr. Ernest Arthur Gardner, M.A. See the biographical article, Gardner, Percy. | Megalopolis; Megara (in part); Melos. |
| E. H. B. Sir Edward Herbert Bunbury, Bart., M.A. F.R.G.S. (d. 1895). M.P. for Bury St Edmunds, 1847-1852. Author of A History of Ancient Geography; &c. | Mela, Pomponius (in part). |
| E. H. M. Ellis Hovell Minns, M.A. University Lecturer in Palaeography, Cambridge. Lecturer and Assistant Librarian at Pembroke College, Cambridge. Formerly Fellow of Pembroke College. | Melanchlaeni. |
| E. K. Edmund Knecht, Ph.D., M.Sc.Tech. (Manchester), F.I.C. Professor of Technological Chemistry, Manchester University. Head of Chemical Department, Municipal School of Technology, Manchester. Examiner in Dyeing, City and Guilds of London Institute. Author of A Manual of Dyeing; &c. Editor of Journal of the Society of Dyers and Colourists. | Mercerizing. |
| Ed. M. Eduard Meyer, Ph.D., D.Litt. (Oxon.), LL.D. Professor of Ancient History in the University of Berlin. Author of Geschichte des Alterthums; Geschichte des alten Aegyptens; Die Israeliten und ihre Nachbarstämme. | Media; Memnon of Rhodes; Menander (Milinda) (in part); Mentor of Rhodes; Mithradates. |
| E. O.* Edmund Owen, M.B., F.R.C.S., LL.D., D.Sc. Consulting Surgeon to St Mary's Hospital, London, and to the Children's Hospital, Great Ormond Street, London. Chevalier of the Legion of Honour. Late Examiner in Surgery at the Universities of Cambridge, London and Durham. Author of A Manual of Anatomy for Senior Students. | Mortification; Mouth and Salivary Glands (Surgery). |
| E. Pr. Edgar Prestage. Special Lecturer in Portuguese Literature in the University of Manchester. Examiner in Portuguese in the Universities of London, Manchester, &c. Commendador, Portuguese Order of S. Thiago. Corresponding Member of Lisbon Royal Academy of Sciences, Lisbon Geographical Society; &c. Editor of Letters of a Portuguese Nun; Azurara's Chronicle of Guinea; &c. | Moraes. |
| E. R. L. Sir Edwin Ray Lankester, K.C.B., F.R.S., M.A., D.Sc., LL.D. Hon. Fellow of Exeter College, Oxford. President of the British Association, 1906. Professor of Zoology and Comparative Anatomy in University College, London, 1874-1890. Linacre Professor of Comparative Anatomy at Oxford, 1891-1898. Director of the Natural History Departments of the British Museum, 1898-1907. Vice-President of the Royal Society, 1896. Romanes Lecturer at Oxford, 1905. Author of Degeneration; The Advancement of Science; The Kingdom of Man; &c. | Metamerism; Mollusca (in part). |
| E. St. Eugene Stock. Formerly Editorial Secretary of the Church Missionary Society. | Missions (in part). |
| E. S. S. Edward Shrapnell Smith. Editor of The Commercial Motor. Hon. Treasurer of the Commercial Motor Users Association. Organiser of the Lancashire Heavy Motor Trials of 1898, 1899-1901. | Motor Vehicles: Heavy Commercial Vehicles. |
| F. C. C. Frederick Cornwallis Conybeare, M.A., D.Th. (Giessen). Fellow of the British Academy. Formerly Fellow of University College, Oxford. Editor of The Ancient Armenian Texts of Aristotle. Author of Myth, Magic and Morals; &c. | Moses of Chorene (in part). |
| F. G. M. B. Frederick George Meeson Beck, M.A. Fellow and Lecturer of Clare College, Cambridge. | Mercia. |
| F. G. P. Frederick Gymer Parsons, F.R.C.S., F.Z.S., F.R.Anthrop.Inst. Vice-President, Anatomical Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Lecturer on Anatomy at St Thomas's Hospital and the London School of Medicine for Women, London. Formerly Hunterian Professor at the Royal College of Surgeons. | Mouth and Salivary Glands. |
| F. H. Ne. Francis Henry Neville, M.A., F.R.S. Fellow and Lecturer in Natural Science, Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge. | Metallography (in part). |
| F. J. H. Francis John Haverfield, M.A., LL.D., F.S.A. Camden Professor of Ancient History in the University of Oxford. Fellow of Brasenose College. Fellow of the British Academy. Author of Monographs on Roman History, especially Roman Britain; &c. | Mona. |
| F. Ll. G. Francis Llewellyn Griffith, M.A., Ph.D., F.S.A., Reader in Egyptology, Oxford University. Editor of the Archaeological Survey and Archaeological Reports of the Egypt Exploration Fund. Fellow of Imperial German Archaeological Institute. | Memphis; Menes; Moeris, Lake of; Mummy. |
| F. N. M. Colonel Frederic Natusch Maude, C.B. Lecturer in Military History, Manchester University. Author of War and the World's Policy; The Leipzig Campaign; The Jena Campaign. | Metz. |
| F. O. B. Frederick Orpen Bower, M.A., D.Sc., F.R.S. Regius Professor of Botany in the University of Glasgow. Author of Practical Botany for Beginners; &c. | Mohl, Hugo von. |
| F. We. Frederick Wedmore. See the biographical article, Wedmore, Frederick. | Méryon. |
| F. W. R.* Frederick William Rudler, I.S.O., F.G.S. Curator and Librarian of the Museum of Practical Geology, London, 1879-1902. President of the Geologists' Association, 1887-1889. | Moldavite. |
| G. A. B. George A. Boulenger, D.Sc., Ph.D., F.R.S. In charge of the collections of Reptiles and Fishes, Department of Zoology, British Museum. Vice-President of the Zoological Society of London. | Mormyr. |
| G. C. W. George Charles Williamson, Litt.D. Chevalier of the Legion of Honour. Author of Portrait Miniatures; Life of Richard Cosway, R.A.; George Engleheart; Portrait Drawings; &c. Editor of new edition of Bryan's Dictionary of Painters and Engravers. | Miniature; Morland, George. |
| G. E. D. Surgeon-Major George Edward Dobson, M.A., M.B., F.Z.S., F.R.S. (1848-1895). Army Medical Department, 1868-1888. Formerly Curator of the Royal Victoria Museum, Netley. Author of Monograph of the Asiatic Chiroptera, &c.; A Monograph of the Insectivora, Systematic and Anatomical. | Mole (in part). |
| G. F. B. George F. Barwick. Assistant Keeper of Printed Books and Superintendent of Reading-room, British Museum. | Midhat Pasha. |
| G. G. S. George Gregory Smith, M.A. Professor of English Literature, Queen's University, Belfast. Author of The Days of James IV.; The Transition Period; Specimens of Middle Scots; &c. | Montgomerie. |
| G. H. Fo. George Herbert Fowler, F.Z.S., F.L.S., P1I.D. Formerly Berkeley Research Fellow, Owens College, Manchester; and Assistant Professor of Zoology at University College, London. | Microtomy. |
| G. P. R. Gerald Philip Robinson. President of the Society of Mezzotint Engravers. Mezzotint Engraver to Queen Victoria and to King Edward VII. | Mezzotint. |
| G. Sa. George Saintsbury, LL.D., D.C.L. See the biographical article, Saintsbury, G. | Mérimée; Michelet, Jules; Montaigne; Montesquieu; Montpensier, Duchesse de. |
| G. Sn. Grant Showerman, A.M., Ph.D. Professor of Latin in the University of Wisconsin. Member of the Archaeological Institute of America. Member or American Philological Association. Author of With the Professor; The Great Mother of the Gods; &c. | Mithras. |
| G. W. T. Rev. Griffithes Wheeler Thatcher, M.A., B.D. Warden of Camden College, Sydney, N.S.W. Formerly Tutor in Hebrew and Old Testament History at Mansfield College, Oxford. | Mubarrad. |
| H. B. Wo. Horace Bolingbroke Woodward, F.R.S., F.G.S., Formerly Assistant Director of the Geological Survey of England and Wales. President, Geologists' Association, 1893-1894. Wollaston Medallist, 1908. | Miller, Hugh. |
| H. Ch. Hugh Chisholm, M.A. Formerly Scholar of Corpus Christi College, Oxford. Editor of the 11th edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica. Co-editor of the 10th edition. | Meredith, George; Milan Obrenovitch IV.; Morley, Viscount. |
| H. E. Karl Hermann Ethé, M.A., Ph.D. Professor of Oriental Languages, University College, Aberystwyth (University of Wales). Author of Catalogue of Persian Manuscripts in the India Office Library, London (Clarendon Press); &c. | Mirkhond. |
| H. Fr. Henri Frantz. Art Critic, Gazette des beaux arts, Paris. | Meissonier. |
| H. F. B. Horatio Robert Forbes Brown, LL.D. Editor of the Calendar of Venetian State Papers, for the Public Record Office. Author of Life on the Lagoons; Venetian Studies; John Addington Symonds, a Biography; &c. | Milan (in part). |
| H. F. G. Hans Friedrich Gadow, F.R.S. Ph.D. Strickland Curator and Lecturer on Zoology in the University of Cambridge. Author of “Amphibia and Reptiles,” in the Cambridge Natural History. | Migration: Zoology; Moa. |
| H. H. L. Henry Harvey Littlejohn, M.A., M.B., C.M., F.R.C.S. (Edin.), F.R.S. (Edin.) Professor of Forensic Medicine in the University of Edinburgh. | Medical Jurisprudence (in part). |
| H. L. H. Harriet L. Hennessy, M.D. (Brux.), L.R.C.P.I., L.R.C.S.I. | Medical Education, U.S.A. (in part). |
| H. L. S. H. Lawrence Swinburne (d. 1907). | Medal: War Decorations (in part). |
| H. M. S. Henry Morse Stephens, M.A. Ph.D. Balliol College, Oxford. Professor of History and Director of University Extension, University of California. Author of History of the French Revolution; Modern European History; &c. | Mirabeau, Honoré. |
| H. N. D. Henry Newton Dickson, M.A., D.Sc., F.R.S. (Edin), F.R.G.S. Professor of Geography at University College, Reading. Formerly Vice-President, Royal Meteorological Society. Lecturer in Physical Geography, Oxford. Author of Meteorology; Elements of Weather and Climate; &c. . | Mediterranean Sea; Mexico, Gulf of. |
| H. O. Hermann Oelsner, M.A., Ph.D. Taylorian Professor of the Romance Languages in University of Oxford. Member of Council of the Philological Society. Author of A History of Provençal Literature; &c. | Mistral. |
| H. St. Henry Sturt, M.A. Author of Idola Theatri; The Idea of a Free Church; Personal Idealism. | Metempsychosis. |
| H. S. J. Henry Stuart Jones, M.A. Formerly Fellow and Tutor of Trinity College, Oxford, and Director of the British School at Rome. Member of the German Imperial Archaeological Institute. Author of The Roman Empire; &c. | Mosaic: Ancient (in part). |
| H. S. M. Henry Smith Munroe, D.Sc., Ph.D. Professor of Mining, Columbia University, New York. | Mining. |
| H. S. W. Henry Spenser Wilkinson, M.A. Chichele Professor of Military History, University of Oxford. Fellow of All Souls College. Author of The Brain of an Army; &c. | Moltke, Count von. |
| H. T. A. Rev. Herbert Thomas Andrews. Professor of New Testament Exegesis, New College, London Author of “The Commentary on Acts” in the Westminster New Testament; Handbook on the Apocryphal Books in the “Century” Bible. | Missions (in part). |
| H. W. H. Hope W. Hogg, M.A. Professor of Semitic Languages and Literatures in the University of Manchester. | Mesopotamia. |
| H. W. C. D. Henry William Carless Davis, M.A. Fellow and Tutor of Balliol College, Oxford. Fellow of All Souls' College, Oxford, 1895-1902. Author of England under the Normans and Angevins; Charlemagne. | Montfort, Simon de. |
| H. W. R.* Rev. Henry Wheeler Robinson, M.A. Professor of Church History in Rawdon College, Leeds. Senior Kennicott Scholar, Oxford, 1901. Author of Hebrew Psychology in Relation to Pauline Anthropology (in Mansfield College Essays); &c. | Micah (in part). |
| I. A. Israel Abrahams, M.A. Reader in Talmudic and Rabbinic Literature in the University of Cambridge. Formerly President, Jewish Historical Society of England. Author of A Short History of Jewish Literature; Jewish Life in the Middle Ages; Judaism; &c. | Meïr; Meir of Rothenburg; Menasseh ben Israel; Mendelssohn, Moses; Mocatta; Molko. |
| J. A. C. Sir Joseph Archer Crowe, K.C.M.G. See the biographical article, Crowe, Sir J. A. | Memlinc (in part). |
| J. A. F. John Ambrose Fleming, M.A., F.R.S., D.Sc. Pender Professor of Electrical Engineering, in the University of London. Fellow of University College, London. Formerly Fellow of St John's College, Cambridge, and Lecturer on Applied Mechanics in the University. Author of Magnets and Electric Currents. | Meter, Electric. |
| J. A. S. John Addington Symonds, LL.D. A A . See the biographical article, Symonds, John Addington. | Metastasio. |
| J. A. V. Rev. J. A. Vanes. Professor of New Testament Exegesis, Wesleyan College, Richmond. | Methodism (in part). |
| J. Bt. James Bartlett. Lecturer on Construction, Architecture, Sanitation, Quantities, &c. at King's College, London. Member of Society of Architects. Member of Institute of Junior Engineers. | Mortar. |
| J. B. T. Sir John Batty Tuke, M.D., F.R.S. (Edin), D.Sc., LL.D. President of the Neurological Society of the United Kingdom. Medical Director of New Saughton Hall Asylum, Edinburgh. M.P. for the Universities of Edinburgh and St Andrews, 1900-1910. | Medical Education. |
| J. D. B. James David Bourchier, M.A., F.R.G.S. King's College, Cambridge. Correspondent of The Times in South-Eastern Europe Commander of the Orders of Prince Danilo of Montenegro and of the Saviour of Greece, and Officer of the Order of St Alexander of Bulgaria. | Montenegro. |
| J. E. H. Rev. Joseph Edmund Hutton, M.A. Author of History of the Moravian Church. | Moravian Brethren. |
| J. F. K. James Furman Kemp, D.Sc. Professor of Geology, Columbia University, New York. Geologist to United States and New York Geological Surveys. Author of Handbook of Rocks; &c. | Mineral Deposits. |
| J. F. P. Joseph Frank Payne, M.A., M.D., F.R.C.P. (1840-1910). Formerly Harveian Librarian, Royal College of Physicians, London. Hon. Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford. Fellow of the University of London. Author of Lectures on Anglo-Saxon Medicine; &c. | Medicine: History (in part). |
| J. G. H. Joseph G. Horner, A.M.I.Mech.E. Author of Plating and Boiler Making; Practical Metal Turning; &c. | Metal-Work: Industrial. |
| J. G. R. John George Robertson, M.A., Ph.D. Professor of German at the University of London. Formerly Lecturer on the English Language, Strassburg University. Author of History of German Literature; &c. | Meistersinger. |
| J. G. Sc. Sir James George Scott, K.C.I.E. Superintendent and Political Officer, Southern Shan States. Author of Burma; The Upper Burma Gazetteer. | Mekong; Minbu. |
| J. H. F. John Henry Freese, M.A. Formerly Fellow of St John's College, Cambridge. | Menander; Mirror: Ancient; Moesia. |
| J. H. Je. James Hopwood Jeans, M.A., F.R.S. Stokes Lecturer in the University of Cambridge. Formerly Fellow of Trinity College. Author of Mathematical Theory of Electricity and Magnetism; &c. | Molecule. |
| J. H. M. John Henry Middleton, M.A., Litt.D., F.S.A., D.C.L. (1846-1896). Slade Professor of Fine Art in the University of Cambridge, 1886-1895. Director of the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge, 1889-1892. Art Director of the South Kensington Museum, 1892-1896. Author of The Engraved Gems of Classical Times; Illuminated Manuscripts in Classical and Mediaeval Times. | Metal-Work: Art (in part); Monreale; Mosaic: Ancient (in part). |
| J. H. R. John Horace Round, M.A., LL.D. Author of Feudal England; Studies in Peerage and Family History; Peerage and Pedigree. | Mortain; Mowbray: Family. |
| J. Hl. R. John Holland Rose, M.A., Lrrr. D. Lecturer on Modern History to the Cambridge University Local Lectures Syndicate. Author of Life of Napoleon I.; Napoleonic Studies; The Development of the European Nations; The Life of Pitt; &c. | Mollien, Count; Montholon, Marquis de. |
| J. Le. Rev. James Legge, D.D. See the biographical article, Legge, James. | Mencius. |
| J. L. W. Jessie Laidlay Weston. Author of Arthurian Romances unrepresented in Malory. | Merlin. |
| J. M. Bu. Rev. James Monroe Buckley, D.D., LL.D. Editor of the Christian Advocate, New York. Author of History of Methodism in the United States; &c. | Methodism: United States. |
| J. M. M. John Malcolm Mitchell. Sometime Scholar of Queen's College, Oxford. Lecturer in Classics, East London College (University of London). Joint-editor of Grote's History of Greece. | Mill, John Stuart (in part); Miltiades; Mnemonics. |
| Jno. S. Sir John Scott, K.C.M.G., M.A., D.C.L. Formerly Deputy Judge-Advocate-General to His Majesty's Forces. Judge, afterwards Vice-President, International Court of Appeal in Egypt. 1874-1882. Judge of High Court, Bombay, 1882-1890. Judicial Adviser to the Khedive of Egypt, 1890-1898. Vice-President, International Law Association. | Military Law. |
| J. S. Bl. John Sutherland Black, M.A., LL.D. Assistant Editor, 9th edition, Encyclopaedia Britannica. Joint-editor of the Encyclopaedia Biblica. | Missal. |
| J. S. F. John Smith Flett, D.Sc., F.G.S. Petrographer to the Geological Survey. Formerly Lecturer on Petrology in Edinburgh University. Neill Medallist of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Bigsby Medallist of the Geological Society of London. | Metamorphism; Metasomatism; Mica-Schist; Micropegmatite; Monzonite. |
| J. S. G. John Starkie Gardner, F.S.A. Expert Metal Worker. Author of Armour in England; Ironwork (for the Educational Department); &c., | Metal-Work: Modern Art. |
| J. S. Ma. James Saumarez Mann, M.A. Formerly Fellow and Lecturer of Trinity College, Oxford. Professor of Greek at Bedford College, London. Joint-editor of Social England. | Mexico: Modern History. |
| J. T. Be. John Thomas Bealby. Joint-author of Stanford’s Europe. Formerly Editor of the Scottish Geographical Magazine. Translator of Sven, Hedin’s Through Asia, Central Asia and Tibet; &c. | Merv; Minsk (in part); Moscow (in part). |
| J. T. C. Joseph Thomas Cunningham, M.A., F.Z.S. Lecturer on Zoology at the South-Western Polytechnic, London. Formerly Fellow of University College, Oxford. Assistant Professor of Natural History in the University of Edinburgh. Naturalist to the Marine Biological Association. | Mollusca (in part); Mullet. |
| J. T. S.* James Thomson Shotwell, Ph.D. Professor of History in Columbia University, New, York City. | Middle Ages. |
| K. A. M.* Kate A. Meakin (Mrs Budgett Meakin). | Morocco (in part). |
| K. S. Kathleen Schlesinger. Editor of the Portfolio of Musical Archaeology. Author of Instruments of the Orchestra. | Monochord; Mouthpiece. |
| L. Bl. Louis Bell, Ph.D. Consulting Engineer, Boston, U.S.A. Chief Engineer, Electric Power Transmission Department, General Electric Co., Boston. Formerly Editor of Electrical World, New York. Author of Electric Power Transmission; &c. | Motors, Electric. |
| L. Bo. Ludwig Boltzmann (1844–1906). Formerly Professor of Theoretical Physics, Universities of Munich, Vienna and Leipzig. Author of Lectures on the Theory of Gas; Lectures on Maxwell’s Theory of Electricity and Light. | Model. |
| L. F. Lazarus Fletcher, M.A., F.R.S. Director of Natural History Departments of the British Museum. Keeper of Minerals, British Museum 1880–1909 Secretary to the Mineralogical Society. Formerly Fellow of University College, Oxford. Author of Introduction to the Study of Meteorites; &c. | Meteorite. |
| L. J. S. Leonard James Spencer, M.A., Assistant in Department of Mineralogy, British Museum. Formerly Scholar of Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge, and Harkness Scholar. Editor of the Mineralogical Magazine. | Melaconite; Mica; Microcline; Millerite; Mimetite; Mineralogy; Mispickel; Molybdenite; Monazite. |
| M. H. C. Montague Hughes Crackanthorpe, M.A., D.C.L., K.C. Honorary Fellow, St John’s College, Oxford. Bencher of Lincoln’s Inn. Formerly Member of the General Council of the Bar and of the Council of Legal Education, and Standing Counsel to the University of Oxford. President of the Eugenics Education Society. | Mediation. |
| M. H. S. Marion H. Spielmann, F.S.A. Formerly Editor of the Magazine of Art. Member of Fine Art Committee of International Exhibitions of Brussels, Paris, Buenos Aires, Rome, and the Franco-British Exhibition, London. Author of History of “Punch"; British Portrait Painting to the opening of the Nineteenth Century; Works of G. F. Watts, R.A.; British Sculpture and Sculptors of To-Day; Henriette Ronner; &c. | Medal (in part). |
| M. N. T. Marcus Niebuhr Tod, M.A. Fellow and Tutor of Oriel College, Oxford. University Lecturer in Epigraphy Joint-author of Catalogue of the Sparta Museum. | Messene; Messenia. |
| M. O. B. C. Maximilian Otto Bismarck Caspari, M.A. Reader in Ancient History at London University. Lecturer in Greek at Birmingham University, 1905–1908. | Megara (in part). |
| M. P. Rev. Mark Pattison. See the biographical article, Pattison, Mark. | More, Sir Thomas. |
| N. W. T. Northcote Whitridge Thomas, M.A. Government Anthropologist to Southern Nigeria. Corresponding Member of the Société d'Anthropologie de Paris. Author of Thought Transference; Kinship and Marriage in Australia; &c. | Medium. |
| O. Ba. Oswald Barron, F.S.A. Editor of The Ancestor, 1902–1905. Hon. Genealogist to Standing Council of the Honourable Society of the Baronetage. | Montagu (Family); Mortimer (Family). |
| O. O. W. Owen Charles Whitehouse, M.A., D.D. Theological Tutor and Lecturer in Hebrew, Cheshunt College, Cambridge. | Messiah (in part). |
| O. Hr. Otto Henker, Ph.D. On the Staff of the Carl Zeiss Factory, Jena, Germany. | Microscope. |
| P. A. K. Prince Peter Alexeivitch Kropotkin. See the biographical article, Kropotkin, Prince P. A. | Minsk (in part); Mongolia; Moscow. |
| P. C. M. Peter Chalmers Mitchell, M.A., F.R.S., F.Z.S., D.Sc., LL.D. Secretary to the Zoological Society of London. University Demonstrator in Comparative Anatomy and Assistant to Linacre Professor at Oxford, 1888-1891. Author of Outlines of Biology; &c. | Monster (in part); Morphology (in part). |
| P. Ge. Patrick Geddes, F.R.S. (Edin.). Professor of Botany, University College, Dundee. Formerly Lecturer on Natural History in School of Medicine, Edinburgh. Part-author of Evolution of Sex. Author of Chapters in Modern Botany. | Morphology (in part). |
| P. G. K. Paul George Konody. Art Critic of the Observer and the Daily Mail. Formerly Editor of The Artist. Author of The Art of Walter Crane; Velasguez, Life and Work; &c. | Memlinc (in part). |
| P. La. Philip Lake, M.A., F.G.S. Lecturer on Physical and Re ional Geography in Cambridge University. Formerly of the Geological Survey of India. Author of Monograph of British Cambrian Trilobites. Translator and Editor of Keyser's Comparative Geology. | Mexico: Geology. |
| P. V. Pasquale Villari. See the biographical article, Villari, Pasquale. | Medici (Family). |
| R. A. S. M. Robert Alexander Stewart Macalister, M.A., F.S.A. St John's College, Cambridge. Director of Excavations for the Palestine Exploration | Michmash; Mizpah; Moriah. |
| R. C. P. Reginald Crundall Punnett, M.A., Professor of Biology in the University of Cambridge. Fellow of Gonville and Caius College. Superintendent of the Museum of Zoology. | Mendelism. |
| R. H. C. Rev. Robert Henry Charles, M.A., D.D., D.Litt. Grinfield Lecturer, and Lecturer in Biblical Studies, Oxford. Fellow of the British Academy. Formerly Professor of Biblical Greek, Trinity College, Dublin. Author of Critical History of the Doctrine of a Future Life; Book of Jubilees; &c. | Moses, Assumption of. |
| R. I. P. Reginald Innes Pocock, F.Z.S. Superintendent of the Zoological Gardens, London. | Millipede; Mimicry; Mite. |
| R. K. D Sir Robert Kennaway Douglas. Formerly Keeper of Oriental Printed Books and MSS. at the British Museum; and Professor of Chinese, King's College, London. Author of The Language and Literature of China; &c. | Mongols. |
| R. L.* Richard Lydekker, M.A., F.R.S., F.G.S., F.Z.S. Member of the Staff of the Geological Survey of India, 1874-1882. Author of Catalogues of Fossil Mammals, Reptiles and Birds in British Museum; The Deer of All Lands; The Game Animals of Africa; &c. | Megatherium; Mole (in part); Monodelphia; Monotremata; Mouse; Multituberculata. |
| R. M.-S. Richmond Mayo-Smith, Ph.D. See the biographical article, Mayo-Smith, Richmond. | Migration (in part). |
| R. N. B. Robert Nisbet Bain (d. 1909). Assistant Librarian, British Museum, 1883-1909. Author of Scandinavia, the Political History of Denmark, Norway and Sweden, 1513-1900; The First Romanovs, 1613-1725; Slavonic Europe, the Political History of Poland and Russia from 1469 to 1796. | Menshikov; Michael, Tsar; Moltke, Count A. G.; Moltke, Count A. W. |
| R. P. S. R. Phené Spiers, F.S.A., F.R.I.B.A. Formerly Master of the Architectural School, Royal Academy, London. Past President of Architectural Association. Associate and Fellow of King's College, London. Corresponding Member of the Institute of France. Editor of Fergusson's History of Architecture. Author of Architecture: East and West; &c. | Mosque; Mouldings. |
| R. S. C. Robert Seymour Conway, M.A., D.Litt. (Cantab.). Professor of Latin and Indo-European Philology in the University of Manchester. Formerly Professor of Latin in University College, Cardiff; and Fellow of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. Author of The Italic Dialects. | Messapii. |
| S. A. C. Stanley Arthur Cook, M.A. Lecturer in Hebrew and Syriac, and formerly Fellow, Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. Editor for the Palestine Exploration Fund. Examiner in Hebrew and Aramaic, London University, 1904-1908. Council of Royal Asiatic Society, 1904-1905. Author of Glossary of Aramaic Inscriptions; The Law of Moses and the Code of Hammurabi; Critical Notes on Old Testament History; Religion of Ancient Palestine; &c. | Melchizedek (in part); Menahem; Midrash; Mizraim; Moab; Moloch (in part); Moses. |
| S. C. Sidney Colvin, LL.D. See the biographical article, Colvin, Sidney. | Michelangelo. |
| St. C. Viscount St. Cyres. See the biographical article, Iddesleigh, 1st Earl of. | Molinos. |
| S. N. Simon Newcomb, D.Sc., LL.D. See the biographical article, Newcomb, Simon. | Mercury; Moon. |
| T. As. Thomas Ashby, M.A., D.Litt. (Oxon.). Director of British School of Archaeology at Rome. Formerly Scholar of Christ Church, Oxford. Craven Fellow, 1897. Conington Prizeman, 1906. Member of the Imperial German Archaeological Institute. Author of The Classical Topography of the Roman Campagna. | Mediolanum; Megara Hyblaea; Messina; Metapontum; Milan (in part); Minturnae; Misenum; Monreale (in part); Monteleone Calabro; Motya; Monument: Italy. |
| T. A. I. Thomas Allan Ingram, M.A., LL.D. Trinity College, Dublin. | Medical Jurisprudence (in part); Midwife; Migration (in part). |
| T. Ca. Thomas Case, M.A. President of Corpus Christi College, Oxford. Formerly Waynflete Professor of Moral and Metaphysical Philosophy in the University of Oxford, and Fellow of Magdalen College. | Metaphysics. |
| T. C. A. Thomas Clifford Allbutt, K.C.B., M.A., M.D., D.Sc., LL.D., F.R.S. Regius Professor of Physic in the University of Cambridge. Physician to Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge. Fellow of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. Editor of Systems of Medicine. | Medicine: Modern Progress. |
| T. H. H.* Colonel Sir Thomas Hungerford Holdich, K.C.M.G., K.C.I.E., D.Sc. Superintendent Frontier Surveys, India, 1892-1898, Gold Medallist, R.G.S. (London), 1887. Author of The Indian Borderland; The Countries of the King's Award; India; Tibet; &c. | Mohmand. |
| T. K. R. Sir Thomas Kirke Rose, D.Sc. Chemist and Assayer, The Royal Mint, London. Author of Metallurgy of Gold; The Precious Metals; &c. | Mint. |
| Th. N. Theodor Nöldeke, Ph.D. See the biographical article, Nöldeke, Theodor. | Mo'allakāt. |
| T. S. W. Theodore Salisbury Woolsey, LL.D. Professor of International Law, Yale University. Editor of Woolsey's International Law. Author of America's Foreign Policy; &c. | Monroe Doctrine. |
| T. W. R. D Thomas William Rhys Davids, LL.D., Ph.D. Professor of Comparative Religion, Manchester University. President of the Pali Text Society. Fellow of the British Academy. Secretary and Librarian of Royal Asiatic Society, 1885-1902. Author of Buddhism; Sacred Books of the Buddhists; Early Buddhism; Buddhist India; Dialogues of the Buddha; &c. | Medhankara; Menander (Milinda). |
| W. A. B. C. Rev. William Augustus Brevoort Coolidge, M.A., F.R.G.S., Ph.D.(Bern). Fellow of Magdalen'College, Oxford. Professor of English History, St David's College, Lampeter, 1880-1881. Author of Guide du Haut Dauphiné; The Range of the Todi; Guide to Grindelwald; Guide to Switzerland; The Alps in Nature and in History; &c. Editor of The Alpine Journal, 1880-1881; &c. | Meiringen; Meran; Merian; Mont Cenis; Morat; Müller, Johannes von. |
| W. A. P. Walter Alison Phillips, M.A. Formerly Exhibitioner of Merton College and Senior Scholar of St John's College, Oxford. Author of Modern Europe; &c. Mehemet Ali; Mephistopheles; Metternich; Minister; Mitre. | Medical Education, U.S.A.. |
| W. B. Ri. Sir William Blake Richmond, K.C.B. See the biographical article, Richmond, Sir William Blake. | Mosaic: Modern. |
| W. B. S.* William Barclay Squire, M.A. Assistant in Charge of Printed Music, British Museum. | Morley, Thomas. |
| W. C. R.-A. Sir William Chandler Roberts-Austen, K.C.B., D.C.L., F.R.S. See the biographical article, Roberts-Austen, Sir W. C. | Metallography (in part). |
| W. F. C. William Feilden Craies, M.A. Barrister-at-Law, Inner Temple. Lecturer on Criminal Law, King's College, London. Editor of Archbold's Criminal Pleading (23rd edition). | Misdemeanour. |
| W. F. D. William Frederick Denning, F.R.A.S. Gold Medallist, R.A.S. President, Liverpool Astronomical Society, 1877-1878. Author of Telescopic Work for Starlight Evenings; The Great Meteoric Shower; &c. | Meteor. |
| W. F. Sh. William Fleetwood Sheppard, M.A. Senior Examiner in the Board of Education. Formerly Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. Senior Wrangler, 1884. | Mensuration. |
| W. H. F. Sir William Henry Flower, F.R.S. See the biographical article, Flower, Sir W. H. | Mink. |
| W. H. H. William Henry Howell, M.D., Ph.D., LL.D. Dean of the Medical Faculty and Professor of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore. President of the American Physiological Association. Associate-editor of American Journal of Physiology. | Medical Education, U.S.A. (in part). |
| W. H. M. William Herrick Macaulay, M.A. Fellow and Tutor of King's, College, Cambridge. | Motion, Laws of. |
| W. L.* Walter Lehmann, D.M. Directorial Assistant, Royal Ethnographical Museum, Munich. Author of Methods and Results in Mexican Research; &c. | Mexico: Ancient History (in part). |
| W. M. William Minto, LL.D. See the biographical article, Minto, William. | Mill, John Stuart (in part). |
| W. M. C Sir W. Martin Conway. See the biographical article, Conway, Sir W. M. | Mountaineering. |
| W. M. R William Michael Rossetti. See the biographical article, Rossetti, Dante G. | Moroni. |
| W. P. A. Lieut.-Colonel William Patrick Anderson, M.Inst.C.E., F.R.G.S. Chief Engineer, Department of Marine and Fisheries of Canada. Member of the Geographic Board of Canada. Past President of Canadian Society of Civil Engineers. | Michigan, Lake. |
| W. R. M. William Richard Morfill, M.A. (d. 1910). Formerly Professor of Russian and the other Slavonic Languages in the University of Oxford. Curator of the Taylorian Institution, Oxford. Author of Russia; Slavonic Literature; &c. | Mickiewicz, Adam. |
| W. R. S. William Robertson Smith, LL.D. See the biographical article, Smith, William Robertson. | Medina; Melchizedek (in part); Messiah (in part); Micah (in part); Moloch (in part). |
| W. R. S.* William Roy Smith, M.A., Ph.D. Associate Professor of History, Bryn Mawr College, Pennsylvania. Author of Sectionalism in Pennsylvania during the Revolution; &c. | Missouri Compromise. |
| W. S. R. William Smyth Rockstro. Author of A General History of Music from the Infancy of the Greek Drama to the Present Period; and other works on the history of music. | Mendelssohn-Bartholdy (in part); Mozart (in part). |
PRINCIPAL UNSIGNED ARTICLES
| Melbourne. Melon. Meningitis. Mercantile System. Mercury (Chemistry). Mermaids. Metal. Metallurgy. | Michigan. Micronesia. Militia. Milk. Mineral Waters. Ministry. Minnesingers. | Minnesota. Mississippi. Mississippi River. Missouri. Monaco. Monmouthshire. Monopoly. | Montana. Moors. Moravia. Mormons. Morphine. Mortgage. Mounted Infantry. |