OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/England, George (fl.1735)

​ENGLAND, GEORGE (fl. 1735), divine and author, was a member of the England family which flourished at Yarmouth, Norfolk, in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, and may have been a grandson of Sir George England. He was chaplain to Lord Hobart, by whom he was presented in 1733 to the living of Hanworth, Norfolk. In 1737 he resigned Hanworth to become rector of Wolterton and Wickmere, a consolidated living in the same county. He was the author of ‘An Enquiry into the Morals of the Ancients,’ London, 1737, 4to, a work based on the belief that the ‘ancients,’ by whom is understood the Greeks and Romans, were much superior in the practice of morality to christians in general.
[Blomefield and Parkin's Topograph. Hist. of Norfolk, vi. 452, 462, viii. 132.]
A. V.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Engleheart, Francis

​ENGELHEART, FRANCIS (1775–1849), engraver, born in London in 1775, was nephew of George Engleheart [q. v.], and grandson of Francis Engleheart of Kew. He served as apprentice to Joseph Collyer the younger [q. v.], and subsequently became assistant to James Heath [q. v.] His first published engravings were some plates after the designs of Thomas Stothard, R.A., and he also engraved a large portion of ‘The Canterbury Pilgrims,’ which was completed and published by Heath. He became better known to the public by his engravings from the pictures and drawings of Richard Cook, R.A. [q. v.], and some of these were considered among the finest specimens of book illustrations then produced in England. He subsequently engraved the portraits in a collection of the works of the English poets, and was engaged by Messrs. Cadell & Davies to engrave the designs of R. Smirke, R.A. [q. v.], for works published by them. Engleheart engraved nearly thirty of Smirke's designs for their edition of ‘Don Quixote.’ His services were enlisted by Sir David Wilkie, R.A., to engrave his ‘Duncan Gray’ and ‘The only Daughter,’ which are the works by which Engleheart is chiefly known. His last important work was an engraving from the picture by W. Hilton, R.A., of ‘Serena rescued by Sir Calepine, the Red Cross Knight.’ Among other engravings by him were ‘Cupid and the Nymphs,’ after Hilton, ‘The Holy Family,’ after Fra Bartolommeo, some plates for ‘The British Museum Marbles,’ and numerous portraits and plates for the annuals then in vogue. Engleheart was a member of the Society of British Artists, and occasionally contributed to their exhibitions. He died on 15 Feb. 1849, in his seventy-fourth year.
Another member of the same family, Timothy Stansfeld Engleheart (1803–1879), was also an engraver. He engraved some of the plates in ‘The British Museum Marbles,’ but seems to have removed to Darmstadt, as there is a fine engraving by him of ‘Ecce Homo,’ after Guido Reni, executed at Darmstadt in 1840.
[Redgrave's Dict. of Artists; Graves's Dict. of Artists, 1760–1880; Ottley's Dict. of Recent and Living Painters; information from J. Gardner Engleheart, C.B.]
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/England, Thomas Richard

​ENGLAND, THOMAS RICHARD (1790–1847), biographer, was younger brother of John England [q. v.], bishop of Charleston. He was born at Cork in 1790, and after taking holy orders in the Roman catholic church was appointed curate of the church of St. Peter and St. Paul in his native city. He became parish priest of Glanmire, and afterwards of Passage West, county Cork, where he died on 18 March 1847.
He published: 1. ‘Letters from the Abbé Edgeworth to his Friends, with Memoirs of his Life, including some account of the late Roman Catholic Bishop of Cork, Dr. Moylan, and letters to him from the Right Hon. Edmund Burke and other persons of distinction,’ Lond. 1818, 8vo. 2. ‘A Short Memoir of an Antique Medal, bearing on one side the representation of the head of Christ and on the other a curious Hebrew inscription, lately found at Friar's Walk, near the city of Cork,’ Lond. 1819, 8vo. 3. ‘The Life of the Rev. Arthur O'Leary, including historical anecdotes, memoirs, and many hitherto unpublished documents illustrative of the condition of the Irish Catholics during the eighteenth century,’ Lond. 1822, 8vo.
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Ethelmær (d.1137)

1904 Errata appended.
​ETHELMÆR, ELMER, or ÆLMER (d. 1137), also called Herlewin, ascetic writer, was made prior of Christ Church, Canterbury, in 1128, and is said to have been a man of great piety and simplicity. His simplicity led him to take the part of Archbishop William of Corbeuil in a dispute he had with the convent in 1136 about the church of St. Martin at Dover (Gervase, i. 98). He died 11 May 1137. The name Elmer is evidently a corruption of the old English name Æthelmær. Leland saw two works by him, a book of homilies and a treatise, ‘De exercitiis spiritualis vitæ.’ The report on the Cottonian Library has under Otho A. xii. ‘Ælmeri monachi ecclesiæ Christi Cantuariensis epistolæ, in quibus tractat de munditia cordis, . . . et querimonia de absentia metus Dei. Liber asceticus et vere pius;’ 100 f. This manuscript was almost entirely destroyed by the fire of 10 July 1865; the few charred fragments that remain form the seventh portion of a volume, marked as above, which begins with some fragments of a manuscript of Asser, the only contents noticed in the Museum catalogue. Another copy is in the library of Trinity College, Cambridge, Gale MS. O. 10, 16 (Wright). The titles of other works are given by Bale.
W. H.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.119 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
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# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Ethelstan

​ETHELSTAN, ÆTHELSTAN, or ÆLFSTAN (fl. 946), ealdorman of East Anglia, son of Æthelred (Kemble, Codex Dipl. 338), possibly grandson of Æthelred I [q. v.], and certainly a member of the royal house of Wessex, had his patrimonial possessions in the province of Devon, and exchanged them for an estate at Hatfield (Robertson). He was made ealdorman of East Anglia by his kinsman Æthelstan about 929 (Codex Dipl. 348). He married Ælfwen, who became foster-mother to Eadgar, and was probably a sister of Eadnoth, bishop of Dorchester (Historia Rames. p. 53; Robertson). There is some difficulty as to the statement that Æthelstan's wife was a sister-in-law of the ealdorman Brihtnoth, but the families were doubtless allied by marriage (ib.; Hist. Eli. ii. 7, 8). Æthelstan held a high place in the kingdom during the reign of Eadmund; his province was of large extent, and either then or in the next reign he was the chief ealdorman, and was called by the nickname of Half-king (Historia Rames. p. 11; Vita Oswaldi, p. 428). Throughout the reign of Eadred his name stands generally if not invariably before those of the other ealdormen in the teste of charters (the Æthelstan who attests Codex Dipl. 430 was probably another ealdorman). He was a friend of Dunstan [q. v.] for notice of their friendship, and evidently upheld him and the queen-mother in their administration under Eadred. He retained his position under Eadwig, but, finding that it had become insecure, resigned his government, and entered the monastery of Glastonbury, presenting it at the same time with Wrington in Somerset, probably in 956, and before 29 Nov. of that year, when his eldest son appears as ealdorman (ib. 448; Historia Rames. p. 12; Vita Oswaldi, p. 428). It has been asserted that he continued ealdorman until 967 (Norman Conquest, i. 289), but this assertion rests on a confusion between him and another ealdorman of the same name, who attests charters at the same time and for some years after his retirement. He left four sons by Ælfwen: Æthelwold, who succeeded him, married Ælfthryth, daughter of Ordgar, ealdorman of the west provinces, afterwards the wife of King Eadgar, and died in 962 [see Edgar for legend of his death]; Ælfwold, who appears to attest as thegn (Codex Dipl. 491, 502) after his elder brother's death, and is said on good authority to have become exceedingly powerful, though he does not appear to have been an ealdorman (Vita Oswaldi, p. 420), married Ælfhild, died before 1005, and was buried at Ramsey [see further under Ethelwine]; Æthelsige, who also attests as thegn, and Æthelwine. It has been suggested that on Æthelstan's death his ealdormanry was parted among his sons (Conquest of England, p. 309), but there seems no ground for the suggestion.
W. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Ethelmær (d.1260)

​ETHELMÆR (d. 1260). [See Aymer (or Æthelmær) de Valence (of de Lusignan).]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Ethelnoth

​ETHELNOTH, ÆTHELNOTH, Lat. EGELNODUS or EDNODUS (d. 1038), archbishop of Canterbury, son of Æthelmær the Great, ealdorman of the western shires (Flor. Wig.), the friend of Ælfric [q.v.] the Grammarian, and grandson of Æthelweard [q. v.] the historian, and so a member of the royal house of Wessex, was first a monk of Glastonbury, and then dean of the monastery of Christ Church, Canterbury, and a chaplain of Cnut. He was raised to the see of Canterbury as the successor of Lyfing, and was consecrated at Canterbury by Wulfstan, archbishop of York, on 13 Nov. 1020; the announcement of Wulfstan that he had obeyed the king's writ for the consecration is still extant (Kemble, Codex Dipl. 1314). Æthelnoth was much beloved, and was called ‘the Good’ (A.-S. Chron., Worcester and Abingdon, an. 1038). He went to Rome for his pall, and obtained it on 7 Oct. from Benedict VIII, who received him with honour. On his journey homewards he gave a hundred ‘talents’ of silver and a ‘talent’ of gold for an arm of St. Augustine of Hippo which he bought at Pavia, and presented to the abbey of Coventry. The good influence he exercised over Cnut, his consecration of Gerbrand to the see of Roskild in 1022, when he also consecrated bishops of Fionia and Scania, and the fact that Cnut addressed his famous letter to his people to him and the Archbishop of York, are noticed in the article on the king's life [see Canute]. He restored and beautified his church, which suffered much during the Danish invasions, and translated thither from St. Paul's the body of his martyred predecessor, Ælfheah, with great ceremony in June 1023, taking up the body on the 8th and depositing it in Christ Church on the 15th, in the presence of the king, of the queen, and her son, Harthacnut, and of a multitude of great men, lay and clerical (A.-S. Chron., Worcester; Osbern). It is asserted that Harold, after he had been chosen king, tried to persuade Æthelnoth to crown him, and that the archbishop, who supported the claim of Harthacnut, refused to do so on the ground that it would be acting unfaithfully towards the late king, and laid the crown and sceptre on the altar, declaring that he would neither give nor refuse them, that Harold might seize them if he dared, but that he would crown none but a son of Emma (Enc. Emmæ, iii. l). The story is doubtful (Norman Conquest, i. 541). Æthelnoth died on 29 Oct. 1038. The Worcester chronicler gives a remarkable notice of the love men had for him, for after the notice of his death he tells how Æthelric, the bishop of the South-Saxons, asked of God ‘that he would not let him live no while after his beloved father, Æthelnoth, and within seven nights he eke passed away.’ Æthelnoth has a place in the calendar.
W. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Ethelred (d.889)

​ETHELRED or ÆTHELRED (d. 889), archbishop of Canterbury, a monk of Christ Church, Canterbury, is said to have been bishop of Wiltshire when Æthelred and Ælfred appointed him to the archbishopric in 870; but the statement, though not necessarily incorrect, is open to question (insertion probably of a late date in ‘A.-S. Chronicle, Winchester,’ and the late version ‘Cott. Otho B.’ xi.). He received the pall from Hadrian II, and on his return from Rome is said to have designed to expel the secular clergy from his church. This, however, is also doubtful [see under Ceolnoth]. He forbore to do so. He appears to have consecrated Llunwerth or Lwmbert, probably the same as Hubert the Saxon, to the see of St. David's in 874, and Cyfeiliawg or Chevelliauc to the see of Llandaff; and as King Ælfred's overlordship was undoubtedly acknowledged in South Wales, it is not unlikely that spiritual subjection followed temporal dependence. He was a witness to Ælfred's will. He died 30 June 889 (Flor. Wig.), and was succeeded the next year by Plegmund.
W. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Davies, Richard (d.1762)

Date of death 1761 in the ODNB.
​DAVIES, RICHARD, M.D. (d. 1762), physician, was a native of Shropshire. On 19 Aug. 1726 he was entered as a pensioner of Queens' College, Cambridge, at that time under the presidency of his relation, Dr. John Davies (1679–1732) [q. v.] There he became a fellow, proceeding B.A. in 1730, M.A. in 1734, and M.D. in 1748 (College Register). He practised at Shrewsbury, but latterly at Bath, where he died in the beginning of 1762. His will, bearing date 11 Dec. 1743, was proved on 6 March 1762 by his widow, Jane (Reg. in P. C. C. 99, St. Eloy). Davies was elected a fellow of the Royal Society on 8 June 1738, but withdrew two years later. Besides an elaborate dissertation, ‘Tables of Specific Gravities, with Observations,’ in vol. xlv. of the ‘Philosophical Transactions,’ pp. 416–89, he was the author of: 1. ‘The General State of Education in the Universities: with a particular view to the philosophic and medical education: set forth in an epistle to … Doctor Hales, …, being introductory to essays on the blood,’ 8vo, Bath, 1759. Anonymous ‘Observations’ in reply appeared the same year. 2. ‘To promote the experimental Analysis of the Human Blood. Essay the first’ (no more published), 8vo, Bath, 1760.
[Addit. MSS. 6210, f. 32, 6181, f. 21; Byrom's Journal and Remains (Chetham Soc.), vol. ii. pt. i. p. 56, vol. ii. pt. ii. p. 535.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Davies, Robert (1769?-1835)

​DAVIES, ROBERT (1769?–1835), Welsh poet, better known as Bardd Nantglyn and Robin Ddu o'r Glyn, was born about 1769. He resided for four years (1800–4) in London, where he filled at intervals the offices of bard and secretary to the Gwynneddigion Society. On returning to Wales he settled at Nantglyn, near Denbigh. He occupied the bardic chair for Powis at the Wrexham Eisteddfod in 1820 by his prize elegy on the death of George III. On different occasions he obtained eleven medals for his prize poems, in addition to many premiums in money. Most of these compositions are published in his work entitled ‘Diliau Barddas,’ Denbigh, 1827, 8vo. He also wrote an excellent Welsh grammar, ‘Gramadeg Cymraeg; sef cyfarwyddyd hyrwydd i ymadroddi ac ysgrifenu yr iaith Gymraeg,’ Chester, 1808, which passed through four editions. He died on 1 Dec. 1835 and was buried at Nantglyn, where he had been for some years the parish clerk.
[Gent. Mag. new ser. v. 327; Williams's Eminent Welshmen, p. 111; Williams's Biog. Sketches of some of the most eminent Individuals which the Principality of Wales has produced, p. 86; Cat. of Printed Books in Brit. Mus.; Rowlands's Llyfryddiaeth y Cymry, pp. 713, 730.]
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Davies, Owen

​DAVIES, OWEN (1752–1830), Welsh writer, born at Wrexham in 1752, came to London and joined the Wesleyan methodists. In 1789 he was appointed an itinerant preacher, and on the establishment of the Welsh Wesleyan Mission he was sent to Wales as superintendent. He died at Liverpool on 12 Jan. 1830.
His works are: 1. ‘Amddiffyniad o'r Methodistiaid Wesleyaidd,’ 1806. 2. ‘Ymddiddanion rhwng dau gymmydog, yn dangos cyfeilornadau Calfinistaeth,’ Caerlleon (Chester), 1807, 12mo. 3. ‘Catechism for Children,’ Chester, 1808, 16mo, translated into Welsh (‘Catecism i Plant’) by T. Roberts. 4. ‘Sylwadau ar lyfr a gyhoeddwyd yn ddiweddar gan Mr. T. Jones,’ 1808. 5. ‘Llythyr at Mr. T. Jones,’ about 1809. 6. ‘Deuddeg o Bregethau ar wahanol Destunau,’ Dolgelly, 1812, 8vo. 7. Sermons printed in the ‘Eurgrawn Wesleyaidd.’
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Davies, Robert (1684-1728)

​DAVIES, ROBERT (1684–1728), Welsh antiquary, of Llanerch, Denbighshire, and Gwysaney, Flintshire, was a diligent student of the history and antiquities of his native country, and formed a valuable collection of Welsh manuscripts, of which only ten volumes now remain, five at Llanerch, and five at Gwysaney. He died on 22 May 1728, aged 44. A superb monument was erected to his memory in Mold Church, with his figure in a standing attitude, and habited in Roman costume.
[Dwnn's Heraldic Visitations of Wales, ii. 321; Williams's Eminent Welshmen, p. 110; Cathrall's Hist. of N. Wales, ii. 223.]
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Davies, Robert (1793-1875)

​DAVIES, ROBERT (1793–1875), antiquary of York, eldest son of Peter Davies, by his wife Ann, daughter of Robert Rhodes, was born at York on 19 Aug. 1793, and educated at St. Peter's royal grammar school in that city. Having been admitted a solicitor in 1814, he practised for many years in York, and was town clerk there from 1827 until 1848. He was in partnership with John Bayldon from 1829 to 1834. After his retirement from business he was elected a magistrate. He was, however, better known as an antiquary than as a lawyer. He was particularly well acquainted with the modern history of York, and read papers before the Yorkshire Philosophical Society upon the streets, churches, public buildings, houses, privileges, and other antiquities of the city. During his ​later years his whole time was given up to literature, and he left behind him a number of valuable and interesting works. He was elected a member of the Society of Antiquaries on 22 Dec. 1842. He died at his residence, The Mount, in the city of York, on 23 Aug. 1875, and was buried in the cemetery on 29 Aug. He married in 1826 Elizabeth, youngest daughter of George Cattle of York. He was the author or editor of: 1. ‘The Freeman's Roll of the City of York,’ 1835. 2. ‘Extracts from the Municipal Records of the City of York,’ 1843. 3. ‘The Fawkes's of York in the Sixteenth Century,’ 1850. 4. ‘Notices of the Royal and Archiepiscopal Mints and Coinages at York,’ 1854. 5. ‘Pope: additional facts concerning his maternal ancestry,’ 1858. 6. ‘The Visitation of the County of York,’ Surtees Soc. 1859. 7. ‘The Life of M. Rawdon,’ Camden Soc. 1863. 8. ‘A Memoir of the York Press,’ 1868. 9. ‘Walks through the City of York. By R. Davies, edited by his widow, Elizabeth Davies,’ 1880.
G. C. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Davies, Lucy Clementina

​DAVIES, Lady LUCY CLEMENTINA (1795–1879), authoress, was born at the Château of St. Germain, France, on 21 Nov. 1795. Her father, commonly called Lord Leon Maurice Drummond de Melfort (1761–1826), was fourth son of James, third duke of Melfort in France, and would have been thirteenth earl of Perth but for the attainder of his ancestor. Her mother (d. 1824) was Marie Elizabeth Luce de Longuemarre. The claim of her brother, George Drummond, to be heir male of the earls of Perth was admitted by the House of Lords in 1848, and the attainder was reversed in his favour on 28 June 1853, and she herself was granted a patent of precedence as an earl's daughter on 30 Sept. 1853. She was partly educated in Scotland under Miss Playfair, sister of Professor Playfair, and in the various changes of residence of her parents between France and England saw a great deal of life, and at times suffered some hardships. She married, on 8 Sept. 1823, at Marylebone, London, Francis Henry Davies, a registrar of the court of chancery, who died at Coblentz on the Rhine on 22 Oct. 1863, aged 72.
She died at the residence of her son-in-law, John Sale Barker, barrister-at-law, 22 Palace Gardens Terrace, Kensington, London, on 27 April 1879. She was known as a writer by the publication in 1872 of two volumes entitled ‘Recollections of Society in France and England,’ a work which contains much of her family history and very interesting particulars of the court of France under the Bourbons and the Bonapartes.
G. C. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Davies, Marianne

Mary Ann Davies in the ODNB.
​DAVIES, MARIANNE (1744–1816?), musician, born in 1744, was the daughter of a flautist, and made her first appearance at Hickford's Rooms, Brewer Street, on 30 April 1751, when she played a concerto on the German flute and a concerto by Handel on the harpsichord, besides taking the principal part in a ‘Full Piece for two Flutes’ and orchestra, and singing some songs. At this time her father lived ‘opposite the Golden Leg in Long Acre.’ In 1762 Benjamin Franklin invented a musical instrument consisting of a series of glasses fixed on an axle, which was moved by a treadle, and played and tuned something like ordinary musical glasses. This he called the ‘armonica.’ It is generally said that Franklin was a relation of the Davies family; but this statement is not confirmed by the pedigree of the Franklin family (Sparks, Life and Works of Franklin, i. 546). The instrument, however, seems to have become the sole property of Marianne Davies, and on 18 Feb. 1762 she performed on it in public at ‘the Great Room in Spring ​Gardens, appearing also as a vocalist and harpsichord player. Her father ‘occasionally accompanied’ her on the flute. On 31 July her advertisement announced that ‘the Cherokee kings and the two chiefs will be at the Great Room in Spring Gardens to hear Miss Davies perform.’ She appeared continually until the middle of August 1762, and from 10 Feb. until 13 Aug. 1763 at the Pillar and Gold Lamp in the Haymarket, and from 15 Aug. to 7 Oct. at the Swan and Hoop, Cornhill. The Davies family seem to have gone abroad until July in the following year, when they were in London again, and performed at Spring Gardens and Cornhill from 9 July to 8 Sept. They visited Paris after this, and, according to Pohl (Mozart in London, 61, 162), were several months in Ireland. In June 1767 they were again in London, living in Coventry Court, Haymarket, and performing at the auction rooms, Pall Mall, and the Swan and Hoop, Cornhill, where they gave their last concert on 14 Aug. For the next six years they were abroad, principally in Vienna and Italy. Marianne Davies continued to perform on the armonica, but as a vocalist she was far surpassed by her younger sister Cecilia [q. v.] Their father died in England in December 1773, and Marianne Davies, whose nerves had been shattered by playing so much on an instrument of so peculiar a nature, retired from public life, and does not seem to have performed after 1784 or 1785. The date of her death is variously stated. Pohl (ib. 61, 162) conjectures it to have taken place in 1792, while Grove's ‘Dictionary’ gives it as 1793; but a writer in the ‘Musical World’ (i. 30, 47, ii. 143) in 1836 says that she died ‘almost twenty years ago,’ and that her sister, who was devotedly attached to her, never recovered her loss.
W. B. S.