OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The New International Encyclopædia/Gorham Controversy

Edition of 1905. See also George Cornelius Gorham on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
GORHAM CONTROVERSY. A theological controversy within the Church of England as to the teaching of this Church with reference to the sacramental grace of baptism. The occasion was a suit by the Rev. George C. Gorham against the Bishop of Exeter for induction into the vicarage of Brampford Speke, in spite of his denial of baptismal regeneration. The Arches Court of Canterbury decided in 1845 against Mr. Gorham, maintaining that baptismal regeneration is the doctrine of the Church of England, while on appeal the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council
reversed the judgment of the lower court, without, however, expressing any opinion as to the theological accuracy of Mr. Gorham's opinions. The decision and the attitude of the high dignitaries of the Church of England, amid the fierce controversy which arose in regard to it, were the main determining factors in Manning's decision to submit to the Roman obedience. Consult Purcell, Life of Cardinal Manning (London, 1897).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Goessmann, Charles Anthony

Edition of 1906. See also Charles Anthony Goessmann on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
GOESSMANN, gēs'mȧn, Charles Anthony (1827—). An American chemist. He was born at Naumburg, in Hesse, and was educated at Göttingen, where he became assistant in the chemical laboratory and (1855) privat-docent. In 1857 he came to America; was chemist and superintendent of a Philadelphia sugar-refinery until 1861, and then accepted a position with a Syracuse salt company. While in this position (1861-69) he spent one year (1862-63) as professor of chemistry in the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. In 1809 he became professor of chemistry in the Massachusetts Agricultural College at Amherst, and also chemist to the State Board of Agriculture. Goessmann traveled in Cuba and in Louisiana, Michigan, and Canada. His writings include: Chemical Composition of the Brines of Onondaga (1862); Brines of Michigan (1862-63); Best Mode of Manufacturing Coarse or Solar Salt from the Brines of Onondaga (1863); Mineral Springs of Onondaga (1866); Salt Deposits of Petite Anse, La. (1867); Salt Resources of Goderich, Canada (1868); Application of Caustic Magnesia for Sugar Refining (1864); Manufacture of Sugar in Cuba (1865); besides chemical articles in Liebig's Annalen der Chemie (vols. lxxxvi., lxxxix., xc, xci., xciii., xciv., xcvii., xcviii., xcix., c, ci., civ.) and in Silliman's American Journal of Science (vols. xliv. and xlix.), on chemistry of salt and of brines, and agricultural contributions to the Reports of the Massachusetts and New York Boards of Agriculture, the Transactions of the New York Agricultural Society, and the Reports of the Trustees of the Massachusetts Agricultural College.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Goethe, Katharina Elisabeth

Edition of 1906. See also Katharina Elisabeth Goethe on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ GOETHE, Katharina Elisabeth, known as “Frau Rat” (1731-1808). The mother of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. She was born at Frankfort-on-the-Main, and was a daughter of Johann Wolfgang Textor, a prominent citizen of that city. At the age of seventeen she was married to Johann Kaspar Goethe, by whom she had four children. She was a woman of exceptional intellect and marked individuality, as evidenced by her letters, and in the frequent references to her found in the works of her son, upon whose intellectual development she undoubtedly exerted a remarkable influence. She was made the heroine of the work by Bettina von Amim entitled Dies Buch gehört dem König (1843), and is one of the central figures of Gutzkow's famous play, Der Königsleutnant. Much of the correspondence of Katharina Elisabeth Goethe has been published in the work entitled Goethe's Mother, Correspondence of Catharine Elizabeth Goethe with Goethe (1889).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Gossamer

Edition of 1905. See also Spider silk on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
GOSSAMER (ME. gossomer, gosesomer, goose-summer, from gos, goose + somer, summer; so called on account of the downy appearance, and the time of coming). A light filamentous substance, which often fills the atmosphere to a remarkable degree during fine weather in autumn, or is spread over the ground, stretching from leaf to leaf and from plant to plant, loaded with dewdrops, which glisten and sparkle in the sunshine. It is produced by small spiders of many species, and is said to be produced by young and not by mature spiders, a circumstance which, if
placed beyond doubt, would help to account for its appearance at a particular season of the year. The threads of gossamer are so delicate that a single one cannot be seen unless the sun shines on it; but being driven about by the wind, they are often beaten together into thicker threads and flakes. They are often to be felt on the face when they are scarcely visible. The spiders which produce these threads shoot them out from their spinnerets, a viscid fluid being ejected with great force, which becomes a thread; sometimes several such threads are produced at once in a radiating form, and these, being caught by the ascending current of heated air, are borne up, and the spider along with them. See Spider.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Gosse, Nicolas Louis François

Edition of 1905. See also Nicolas Gosse on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
GOSSE, Nicolas Louis François (1787-1878). A French historical painter, born in Paris, where he studied at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts and under Vincent, and became a skilled representative of the academic style prevailing in his earlier period. His principal works include: “Napoleon I. and Queen Louise at Tilsit,” “Meeting of Napoleon and Alexander of Russia at Erfurt,” and “Louis Philippe Declining the Crown of Belgium Offered to His Son,” all in the Historical Museum at Versailles; and “Entry of the Duke of Angoulême into Madrid,” a wall painting in the Hôtel de Ville, Paris.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Goethe, August von

Edition of 1906. See also Christiane Vulpius on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
GOETHE, gẽ'te, August von (1789-1830). The son of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (q.v.). He was born at Weimar and occupied the position of chamberlain to the Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar. He died October 27, 1830, while visiting Rome. By his marriage with the Baroness Ottilie von Pogswisch, a highly accomplished woman, he had three children, of whom Walther Wolfgang (1818-85) was known as a composer of operettas and songs, while his younger brother, Wolfgang Maximilian (1820-83), was a jurist and poet.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Gorham, George Cornelius

Edition of 1905. See also George Cornelius Gorham on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
GOR'HAM, George Cornelius (1787-1857). An English theologian, who became known as the principal figure in the ‘Gorham case.’ He was born at Saint Neots, Huntingdonshire, was educated at Queen's College, Cambridge, received the degree of B.A. in 1808, was elected a fellow of his college in 1810, and held that appointment until 1827. Even before his ordination (1811) there, his views on baptism had caused comment, and particularly his contention that by baptism infants do not become members of Christ and the children of God; but the discussion did not become crucial until the question of his appointment to the vicarage of Brampford Speke came up before Dr. Phillpotts, Bishop of Exeter. (See Gorham Controversy.) Gorham obtained his vicarage in 1851. He was an antiquary of some reputation, and the author of a number of pamphlets.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Gosse, Edmund William

Edition of 1905. See also Edmund Gosse on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
GOSSE, Edmund William (1849—). An English author. He was born in London, September 21, 1849, the son of Philip Gosse, the naturalist. Though he did not have the advantage of a university education, he has received, in recognition of his services to letters, the degree M.A. (1885) from Cambridge, and the degree LL.D. (1899) from Saint Andrews. In 1867 he was appointed assistant librarian in the British Museum; in 1875, translator to the Board of Trade; and in 1884, Clark lecturer in English literature at Trinity College, Cambridge. In 1884 he visited the United States, lecturing at Harvard, Yale, Johns Hopkins, and other colleges. He is distinguished both as poet and as critic, his chief works being Madrigals, Songs, and Sonnets (1870); On Viol and Flute (1873); Northern Studies (essays on Scandinavian literature, 1879); Thomas Gray (1882); Seventeenth Century Studies (1883); Congreve (1888); History of Eighteenth Century Literature (1889); The Secret of Narcisse (1892); In Russet and Silver (1894); The Jacobean Poets (1894); Critical Kit-Kats (1896); Short History of English Literature (1897); Life and Letters of Dr. John Donne (1899); and An Illustrated History of English Literature, in collaboration with Garnett (1902).
# The Moral Concordances of Saint Anthony of Padua

Layout 2
THE
MORAL CONCORDANCES
OF
Saint Antony of Padua,
TRANSLATED, VERIFIED AND ADAPTED, TO MODERN USE,
BY
THE REV. J. M. NEALE, M.A,,
Warden of Sackville College.
LONDON:
J. T. HAYES, 5. LYALL PLACE, EATON SQUARE.
page
CONTENTS.
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The Moorish Gathering Song

* Moorish gathering Song, in National Lyrics, and Songs for Music (Songs of Spain), 1834.
* The Moorish Gathering Song, from a review of A Collection of Peninsular Melodies in The Edinburgh Literary Journal, Jan.-June, 1830.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Selungs

Edition of 1905. See also Moken people on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ SELUNGS′. The inhabitants of the Mergui Archipelago in the eastern part of the Bay of Bengal, off the coast of Tenasserim; a primitive, seafaring people of doubtful ethnological relations. They are probably a branch of the Indonesian race. Consult Anderson, The Selungs (London, 1890).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Selwyn College

Edition of 1905. See also the disclaimer.
​ SELWYN COLLEGE. See Cambridge, University of.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Selwyn, George Augustus (wit)

Edition of 1905. See also George Augustus Selwyn (politician) on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ SELWYN, George Augustus (1719-91). An English wit. From his mother, a woman of the bedchamber to Queen Caroline, described as “of much vivacity and pretty,” he seems to have derived his wit. He studied at Eton with Gray and Walpole, and thence proceeded to Hart Hall, Oxford, from which, after very irregular attendance, he withdrew without a degree, to escape expulsion for drinking from a chalice at a wine party (1745). In 1747 he entered Parliament, where he sat, a silent member usually asleep, till 1780. In the meantime he had succeeded to the family estates (1751), and had obtained several sinecures, as registrar of the Court of Chancery in Barbados and surveyor-general of the works. He became a member of the leading London clubs, where he was known as “Bosky.” Many witticisms have been fathered upon Selwyn, some of which are probably not authentic. Selwyn's jokes have long since lost their piquancy. The man and the manner made them. One may be cited. When Lord Forley crossed over the Channel to escape his creditors, Selwyn remarked that it was “a passover not much relished by the Jews.” A peculiar trait of the humorist was a passion for witnessing executions of famous criminals. He died in London. Consult: J. H. Jesse, Selwyn and His Contemporaries (London, 1843; new ed., 1882); and Roscoe and Clergue, Selwyn, His Letters and His Life (ib., 1899).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Sellers, William

Edition of 1905. See also William Sellers on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ SELLERS, William (1824— ). An American manufacturer and mechanical engineer, born in Delaware County, Pa., and educated at private schools. In 1868 Sellers became president of the Edge Moore Iron Company, and from 1873 to 1887 was head of the Midvale Steel Company, of Nicetown, Pa. The Edge Moore Iron Company made the ironwork for the buildings of the Philadelphia Centennial Exposition and for the Brooklyn (N. Y.) Bridge. In 1864 he published the first formula for screw threads and nuts, now standard in the United States and regularly used in Europe.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Selwyn, Alfred Richard Cecil

Edition of 1905. See also Alfred Richard Cecil Selwyn on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ SELWYN, sĕl′wĭn, Alfred Richard Cecil (1824— ). An English geologist. He was born at Kilmington, Eng., was educated chiefly by private tutors in England and Switzerland, and in 1845 was appointed assistant geologist on the Geological Survey of Great Britain. From 1852 to 1869 he was director of the Geological Survey of Victoria, Australia. He also made a special study of the coal and gold fields of Tasmania and South Australia, and in 1850 was a Victorian commissioner of mines. He was director of the Canada Geological Survey from 1869 to 1895, when he was retired and pensioned. In 1896 he was president of the Royal Society of Canada. He published large contributions to the Geological and Natural History Survey of Canada (19 vols., 1869-94), of which work he was the editor.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Selwyn, George Augustus (bishop)

Edition of 1905. See also George Selwyn (bishop of Lichfield) on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ SELWYN, George Augustus (1809-78). A missionary and bishop of the Church of England, born at Church Row, Hampstead. He took his degree at Saint John's College, Cambridge, in 1831, was ordained deacon in 1833, and became curate at Windsor. In 1841 he was consecrated Bishop of New Zealand, and labored there till 1867, when he became Bishop of Lichfield. He displayed great ability as an organizer, both in the mission field and at home. Selwyn College, Cambridge, was erected in his memory in 1882 by popular subscription. His works include: Are Cathedral Institutions Useless? (1838); Letters to the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, etc. (1884); Verbal Analysis of the Holy Bible (1855). For his life consult Tucker (London, 1879).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Semang

Edition of 1905. See also Semang on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ SEMANG′, or Mendi. One of the aboriginal peoples of the Malay Peninsula, inhabiting Northern Perak, Kedah, Rahman, Ranga, and Kelantan. They are short-statured and darker than the Sakai (q.v.). from whom they are also distinguished by their curly hair. The advance of the Malays and the intrusions of Siamese and Europeans, with the ever-present Chinese, are driving these aborigines farther into the interior.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Selma

Edition of 1905. See also Selma, Alabama on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ SEL′MA. The county-seat of Dallas County, Ala., 50 miles west of Montgomery; on the Alabama River, which is navigable to this point all the year, and on the Southern, the Western of Alabama, the Louisville and Nashville, and the Birmingham, Selma and New Orleans railroads (Map: Alabama, B 3). It has Dallas Academy, a public library, and the Alabama Baptist Colored University, opened in 1878. Noteworthy are the court house, Young Men's Christian Association building, and the Alabama River bridge. Selma is the centre of a section engaged in cotton-growing, farming, and cattle-raising, ​and has considerable industrial importance. Repair shops of the Southern Railway, cotton mills and cotton gins, a large grist mill, and manufactories of cottonseed oil, engines and boilers, machinery, wagons, bricks, and boxes are among the leading establishments. The government, under the revised charter of 1900, is vested in a mayor and a unicameral council. Selma was settled in 1823. During the Civil War it was an important military depot for the Confederate army. On April 2, 1865, after a sharp engagement, the garrison surrendered to a Federal army under General J. H. Wilson. Population, 1890, 7622; 1900, 8713.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Selous, Frederick Courteney

Edition of 1905. See also Frederick Selous on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ SELOUS, se-lōō′, Frederick Courteney (1851— ). An English hunter and explorer in South Africa. In 1871 he went to South Africa, where, for nineteen years, he was almost continuously in the field, hunting chiefly elephants and earning his living by selling ivory and natural history collections. In 1890 he piloted the pioneer expedition of the British South Africa Company through Mashonaland and he was prominent in the events that brought about the occupancy of all the large territory north of the South African Republic. In 1893 he participated in the first Matabele war. After that time he lived in Surrey, England. His publications are: A Hunter's Wanderings in Africa (1881); Travel and Adventure in Southeast Africa (1893); Sunshine and Storm in Rhodesia (1896); Sport and Travel, East and West (1900); and various contributions to geographical periodicals.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Selters Water

Edition of 1905. See also Selters on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ SELTERS WATER. A mineral water obtained at Selters, near Limburg, in Nassau, Germany. The spring has long been known, and has a high reputation for its medicinal qualities, being recommended as a beverage in chronic disorders of the digestive and respiratory organs. It is a sparkling alkaline water containing sodium carbonate and common salt. A mineral water of similar composition to the original is now extensively manufactured in Europe and in the United States.
# The Most Ancient Lives of Saint Patrick/The Life and Acts of St. Patrick/Chapter 129

A Mountain is swallowed up in the Earth, and again it is raised.
And among the chiefs of Momonia was a certain wicked man named Cearbhallus, and he always hindered Saint Patrick, so that a church could not be builded in the lands of his inheritance. And not far from this man's dwelling was a lake which was fair and pleasing to the eye, but a lofty mountain which stood between intercepted all the delight from his view. Him did the saint address for the building of a church, exhorting and entreating; but long time he resisted. And on a certain day this wicked man, endeavoring with subtle argument to circumvent the saint, said unto him: "If in the name of the Lord thy God thou wilt remove yonder mountain, so that mine eyes may be freely satisfied with this desired lake, then shall thou build a church on my land wheresoever thou mayest please." This he required, because he deemed it impossible to be done. Then the saint having prayed raised his eyes of faith and love unto the prepared Mountain which is exalted on the top of the mountains; and forthwith the mountain was laid low, and swallowed in the earth, and permitted unto the man a free view of the lake. But when Saint Patrick began to build the church, this man of hardened heart would not suffer it to be finished, for he feared where no fear was, and dreaded lest thereby he should be deprived of his inheritance. Then the saint prayed again unto the Lord, and the mountain was lifted up unto its former height. And he foretold that the wicked man should in a short space lose the possession of his land, and that no one of his race should ever be a prince or a bishop. And the prophecy of the saint was fulfilled, for as his eyes were prevented from the sight of the lake, so was his life closed by death.
# The Most Ancient Lives of Saint Patrick/The Life and Acts of St. Patrick/Chapter 13

How Saint Patrick was Carried into Ireland.
As, according to the testimony of Holy Writ, the furnace tries gold and the fire of tribulation proves the just, so did the hour of his trial draw near to Patrick, that he might the more provedly receive the crown of life. For when the illustrious boy had perlustrated three lustres, already attaining his sixteenth year, he was, with many of his countrymen, seized by the pirates who were ravaging those borders, and was made captive and carried into Ireland, and was there sold as a slave to a certain pagan prince named Milcho, who reigned in the northern part of the island, even at the same age in which Joseph is recorded to have been sold into Egypt. But Joseph, being sold as a slave, and being after his humiliation exalted, received power and dominion over all Egypt. Patrick, after his servitude and his affliction, obtained the primacy of the especial and spiritual dominion of Ireland. Joseph refreshed with corn the Egyptians oppressed by famine; Patrick, in process of time, fed with the salutary food of the Christian faith the Irish perishing under idolatry. To each was affliction sent for the profit of his soul, as is the flail to the grain, the furnace to the gold, the file to the iron, the wine-press to the grape, and the oil-press to the olive. Therefore it was that Patrick, at the command of the forementioned prince, was appointed to the care of the swine, and under his care the herd became fruitful and exceedingly multiplied. From whence it may well be learned that as the master's substance is often increased and improved by the attention of a diligent and fortunate servant or steward, so, on the other hand, is it reduced and injured under an idle or unprosperous hand. But the holy youth, heartily embracing in his soul the judgments of the Lord, made of his necessity a virtue, and, having in his office of a swineherd obtained solitude, worked out his own salvation. For he abode in the mountains, and in the woods, and in the caves of the wilderness, and having leisure for prayer, and knowing how kind was the Lord, freely and more freely did he pour forth the incense of his supplications in the presence of the Most High; and an hundred times in the day and an hundred times in the night did he on his bended knees adore his Creator, and often did he pray for a long time fasting, and, nourishing himself with the roots of herbs and with the lightest food, did he mortify his members which were stretched upon the earth. Nor him could heat, nor cold, nor snow, nor hail, nor ice, nor any other inclemency of the air compel from his spiritual exercises. Therefore went he forward daily increasing and confirming himself more strong in the faith and love of Christ Jesus; and the more weak and infirm he appeared, so much the steadier and more powerful was he in fulfilling the commands of the Lord.
# The Most Ancient Lives of Saint Patrick/The Life and Acts of St. Patrick/Chapter 130

Euchodius is cursed by the Saint, and his Son is blessed.
A certain wicked tyrant, named Euchodius, reigned in Ulydia; and he commanded two holy virgins, for that they rejected wedlock, to be bound with chains and cast into the water; and he set at naught Saint Patrick interceding for them. Wherefore the saint punished him with the sentence of his malediction, and foretold that not one of his seed should reign after him, but that his kingdom should be transferred to Kerellus, his younger brother. And his wife, who was then in travail, earnestly besought the saint that he would bless her and the child which she carried in her womb. Then the saint blessed them both, and prophesied that she would bring forth a most holy son, whose death should be doubtful and unsearchable. And the woman brought forth a son, who was named Dovengardus; and he was renowned for his sanctity and his miracles, whereof many and wondrous traditions are told among that people. And Euchodius in a short time lost both his life and hit kingdom, and thereto not one of his race succeeded. But his aforementioned brother and his descendants through many years possessed the kingdom of Ulydia.