OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Connor, Ross

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​CONNOR. (Lieutenant, 1807.)
Ross Connor entered the Navy, about the commencement of the present century, as Fst.-cl. Vol., on board the Arrow sloop, Capts. Wm. Bolton and Rich. Budd Vincent, on the Home station; where, on removing to the Immortality 36, Capt. Edw. W. C. R. Owen, he assisted at the bombardment, in 1803, of Dieppe and St. Valery-en-Caux. He then rejoined Capt. Bolton in the Aimable 32; and, while afterwards serving with that officer in the West Indies on board the Fisgard 38, was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant, by commission dated 23 Feb. 1807. Until placed on half-pay in Nov. 1815, Mr. Connor was next appointed – 19 April, 1808, to the Cadmus 10, Capt. D. Wynter May, 1809, to the Gibraltar 80, Capts. Henry Lidgbird Ball and Robt. Plampin – 28 July, 1810, to the Foxhound brig, Capt. John Parish – and, 4 Feb. 1815, as First-Lieutenant, to the Pheasant 16, Capt. Edm. Waller, all employed on home service. He subsequently obtained an appointment in the Coast Guard, 30 June, 1826; was on half-pay from 1831 until 26 Aug. 1834; and then returned to the Coast Guard, in which he has ever since continued, with the exception of a few months in 1840-1, when he held command of the Skylark Revenue vessel.
Lieut. Connor, who is married, is father-in-law of Lieut. Chas. Bamber Warren, R.N., and of Lieut. Phineas Priest, R.M.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Consitt, Thomas

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​CONSITT. (Retired Commander, 1844. f-p., 16; h-p., 38.)
Thomas Consitt entered the Navy, in Aug. 1793, as Midshipman, on board the Defence 74, Capts. Jas. Gambler, Thos. Wells, Wm. Brown, and John Peyton; in which ship we find him bearing a part in Lord Howe’s action of 1 June, 1794, and afterwards, as Master’s Mate, in the battle of the Nile, 1 Aug. 1798. On the latter occasion he was successively placed on board Le Conquérant and Le Franklin two of the captured 74’s; and, on the last-mentioned ship being added to the British Navy as the Canopus, and commissioned by Capt. Bartholomew James, was appointed, 22 Oct. following, to an Acting-Lieutenancy in her. Having been confirmed into the Bonetta 18, Capt. Henry Vansittart, 7 Sept. 1799, Mr. Consitt next joined, in Feb. and May, 1800, the Brilliant and Pomone frigates, Capts. Hon. Chas. Paget and Robt. Carthew Reynolds, on the Lisbon and Home stations. He invalided in Jan. 1801; subsequently held an appointment in the Impress service at Sunderland, from 28 April, 1803, until July, 1810; became a Retired Commander on the lower list, 4 Nov. 1830; and was promoted, 16 March, 1844, to the list of 1816.
He is married, and has issue.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Davis, Thomas Osborne

​Davis, Thomas Osborne (1814-1845).—Poet, b. at Mallow, ed. at Trinity Coll., Dublin, and called to the Irish Bar 1838. He was one of the founders of The Nation newspaper, and of the Young Ireland party. He wrote some stirring patriotic ballads, originally contributed to The Nation, and afterwards republished as Spirit of the Nation, also a memoir of Curran the great Irish lawyer and orator, prefixed to an ed. of his speeches; and he had formed many literary plans which were brought to naught by his untimely death.
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# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/De Morgan, Augustus

​De Morgan, Augustus (1806-1871).—Mathematician, b. in India, and ed. at Camb., was one of the most brilliant of English mathematicians. He is mentioned here in virtue of his Budget of Paradoxes, a series of papers originally pub. in The Athenæum, in which mathematical fallacies are discussed with sparkling wit, and the keenest logic.
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# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/De Vere, Aubrey Thomas

​De Vere, Aubrey Thomas (1814-1902).—Poet, s. of Sir Aubrey de V., himself a poet, was b. in Co. Limerick, and ed. at Trinity Coll., Dublin. In early life he became acquainted with Wordsworth, by whom he was greatly influenced. On the religious and ecclesiastical side he passed under the influence of Newman and Manning, and in 1851 was received into the Church of Rome. He was the author of many vols. of poetry, including The Waldenses (1842), The Search for Proserpine (1843), etc. In 1861 he began a series of poems on Irish subjects, Inisfail, The Infant Bridal, Irish Odes, etc. His interest in Ireland and its people led him to write prose works, including English Misrule and Irish Misdeeds (1848); and to criticism he contributed Essays chiefly on Poetry (1887). His last work was his Recollections (1897). His poetry is characterised by lofty ethical tone, imaginative power, and grave stateliness of expression.
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# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Davies, Sir John

​Davies, Sir John (1569-1626).—Lawyer and poet, s. of a lawyer at Westbury, Wiltshire, was ed. at Winchester and Oxf., and became a barrister of the Middle Temple, 1595. He was a member successively of the English and Irish Houses of Commons, and held various legal offices. In literature he is known as the writer of two ​poems, Orchestra: a Poem of Dancing (1594), and Nosce Teipsum (Know Thyself), in two elegies (I) Of Humane Knowledge (2) Of the Immortality of the Soul. The poem consists of quatrains, each containing a complete and compactly expressed thought. It was pub. in 1599. D. was also the author of treatises on law and politics.
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# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Davis, or Davys, John

​Davis, or Davys, John (1550?-1605).—Navigator, known as D. of Sandridge to distinguish him from another of the same name. He was one of the most enterprising of the Elizabethan sailors, who devoted themselves to the discovery of the North-west Passage. Davis Strait was discovered by, and named after, him. He made many voyages, in the last of which he met his death at the hands of a Japanese pirate. He was the author of a book, now very scarce, The World's Hydrographical Description, and he also wrote a work on practical navigation, The Seaman's Secrets, which had great repute.
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# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Davy, Sir Humphrey

​Davy, Sir Humphrey (1778-1829).—Chemist and man of letters, s. of a wood-carver, was b. at Penzance. He early showed an enthusiasm for natural science, and continued to pursue his studies when apprenticed in 1795 to a surgeon. He became specially interested in chemistry, to which in 1797 he began more exclusively to devote himself. Thereafter he assisted Dr. Beddoes in his laboratory at Bristol, and entered upon his brilliant course of chemical discovery. His Researches, Chemical, and Philosophical (1799), led to his appointment as Director of the Chemical Laboratory at the Royal Institution, where he also delivered courses of scientific lectures with extraordinary popularity. Thereafter his life was a succession of scientific triumphs and honours. His great discovery was that of the metallic bases of the earths and alkalis. He also discovered various metals, including sodium, calcium, and magnesium. In 1812 he was knighted, and m. a wealthy widow. Thereafter he investigated volcanic action and fire-damp, and invented the safety lamp. In 1818 he was cr. a baronet, and in 1820 became Pres. of the Royal Society, to which he communicated his discoveries in electro-magnetism. In addition to his scientific writings, which include Elements of Agricultural Chemistry (1813), and Chemical Agencies of Electricity, he wrote Salmonia, or Days of Fly Fishing (1828), somewhat modelled upon Walton, and Consolations in Travel (1830), dialogues on ethical and religious questions. D. sustained an apoplectic seizure in 1826, after which his health was much impaired, and after twice wintering in Italy, he d. at Geneva, where he received a public funeral. Though not attached to any Church, D. was a sincerely religious man, strongly opposed to materialism and scepticism. He holds a foremost place among scientific discoverers.
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# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Day, John

​Day, John (b. 1574).—Dramatist, s. of a Norfolk yeoman, was at Camb., 1592-3. It is only since 1881 that his works have been identified. He collaborated with Dekker and others in plays, and was the author of The Isle of Gulls (1606), Law Trickes (1608), and Humour out of Breath (1608), also of an allegorical masque, The Parliament of Bees.
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# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Day, Thomas

​Day, Thomas (1748-1789).—Miscellaneous writer, was b. in London, ed. at the Charterhouse and at Oxf., and called to the Bar 1775, but having inherited in infancy an independence, he did not practise. He became a disciple of Rousseau in his social views, and endeavoured to put them in practice in combination with better morality. He was a benevolent eccentric, and used his income, which was increased by his marriage with an heiress, in schemes of social reform as he understood it. He is chiefly remembered as the author of the once universally-read History of Sandford and Merton.
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# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/De Lolme, John Louis

​De Lolme, John Louis (1740?-1807).—Political writer, b. at Geneva, has a place in English literature for his well-known work, The Constitution of England, written in French, and translated into English in 1775. He also wrote a comparison of the English Government with that of Sweden, a History of the Flagellants (1777), and The British Empire in Europe (1787). He came to England in 1769, lived in great poverty, and having inherited a small fortune, returned to his native place in 1775.
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# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Twain, Mark

​Twain, Mark (see Clemens).
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Turberville, or Turbervile, George

​Turberville, or Turbervile, George (1540?-1610).—Poet, belonging to an ancient Dorsetshire family, was b. at Whitchurch, and ed. at Winchester and Oxf. He became sec. to Thomas Randolph, Ambassador to Russia, and made translations from the Latin and Italian, and in 1570 pub. Epitaphes, Epigrams, Songs, and Sonets. He also wrote books on Falconrie and Hunting, and was one of the first to use blank verse.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Tusser, Thomas

​Tusser, Thomas (1524?-1580).—Versifier on agriculture, was an Essex man. Having a good voice he was trained in music, and was a chorister in St. Paul's, and afterwards in Norwich Cathedral, and held the post of musician to Lord Paget. He tried farming at different places, but unsuccessfully, which did not, however, prevent his undertaking to instruct others. This he does with much shrewdness and point in his Hundreth Goods Pointes of Husbandrie (1557), expressed in rude but lively verse; thereafter he added Hundreth Goode Pointes of Husserie (Housewifery). The two joined, and with many additions, were repeatedly reprinted as Five Hundredth Pointes of Goode Husbandrie united to as many of Goode Huswifery. Many proverbs may be traced back to the writings of T., who, in spite of all his shrewdness and talent, d. in prison as a debtor.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Tytler, Alexander Fraser

​Tytler, Alexander Fraser (1747-1813).—Historian, s. of William T. (q.v.), studied at Edin., was called to the Bar in 1770 and raised to the Bench as Lord Woodhouselee in 1802. He was Prof. of History in Edin., and wrote Elements of General History (1801), An Essay on the Principles of Translation (1791), besides various legal treatises.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Tupper, Martin Farquhar

​Tupper, Martin Farquhar (1810-1889).—Versifier, s. of a surgeon, was b. in London, ed. at Charterhouse School and Oxf., and called to the Bar in 1835. He, however, believed that literature was his vocation, and wrote many works in prose and verse, only one of which, Proverbial Philosophy, had much success. But the vogue which it had was enormous, especially in America. It is a singular collection of commonplace observations set forth in a form which bears the appearance of verse, but has neither rhyme nor metre, and has long since found its deserved level. He also wrote War Ballads, Rifle Ballads, and Protestant Ballads, various novels, and an autobiography.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Tyndale, William

​Tyndale, William (1484?-1536).—Translator of the Bible, belonged to a northern family which, migrating to Gloucestershire during the Wars of the Roses, adopted the alternative name of Huchyns or Hychins, which T. himself bore when at Oxf. in 1510. After graduating there, he went to Camb., where the influence of Erasmus, who had been Prof. of Theology, still operated. He took orders, and in 1522 was a tutor in the household of Sir John Walsh of Old Sodbury, and was preaching and disputing in the country round, for which he was called to account by the Chancellor of the diocese. At the same time he translated a treatise by Erasmus, the Enchiridion Militis Christiani (Manual of the Christian Soldier), and in controversy with a local disputant prophesied that he would cause that "a boye that driveth the plough" should know the Scriptures better than his opponent. Having formed the purpose of translating the New Testament T. went in 1523 to London, and used means towards his admission to the household of Tunstal, Bishop of London, but without success; he then lived in the house of a wealthy draper, Humphrey Monmouth, where he probably began his translation. Finding, however, that his work was likely to be interfered with, he proceeded in 1524 to Hamburg, whence he went to visit Luther at Wittenberg. He began printing his translation at Cologne the following year, but had to fly to Worms, where the work was completed. The translation itself is entirely T.'s work, and is that of a thorough scholar, and shows likewise an ear for the harmony of words. The notes and introduction are partly his own, partly literal translations, and partly the gist of the work of Luther. From Germany the translation was introduced into England, and largely circulated until forcible means of prevention were brought to bear in 1528. In this year T. removed to Marburg, where he pub. The Parable of the Wicked Mammon, a treatise on Justification by Faith, and The Obedience of a Christian Man, setting forth that Scripture is the ultimate authority in matters of faith, and the King in matters of civil government. Thereafter, having been at Hamburg and Antwerp, T. returned to Marburg, and in 1530 pub. his translation of the Pentateuch and The Practice of Prelates, in which he attacked Wolsey and the proposed divorce proceedings of Henry VIII., the latter of whom endeavoured to have him apprehended. Thereafter he was involved in a controversy with Sir Thomas More. In 1533 he returned to Antwerp, Henry's hostility having somewhat cooled, and was occupied in revising his translations, when he was in 1535 betrayed into the hands of the Imperial officers and carried off to the Castle of Vilvorde, where the next year he was strangled and burned. T. was one of the most able and devoted of the reforming leaders, and his, the foundation of all future translations of the Bible, is his enduring monument. He was a small, thin man of abstemious habits and untiring industry.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Tyndall, John

​Tyndall, John (1820-1893).—Scientific writer, b. at Leighlin Bridge, County Carlow, was in early life employed in the ordnance survey and as a railway engineer. He was next teacher of mathematics and surveying at Queenwood Coll., Hampshire, after which he went to Marburg to study science, and while there became joint author of a memoir On the Magneto-optic Properties of ​Crystals. After being at Berlin he returned in 1851 to Queenwood, and in 1853 was appointed Prof. of Natural Philosophy in the Royal Institution, which in 1867 he succeeded Faraday as Superintendent. With Huxley (q.v.) he made investigations into the Alpine glaciers. Thereafter he did much original work on heat, sound, and light. In addition to his discoveries T. was one of the greatest popularisers of science. His style, remarkable for lucidity and elegance, enabled him to expound such subjects with the minimum of technical terminology. Among his works are The Glaciers of the Alps (1860), Mountaineering (1861), Fragments of Science, two vols. (1871), including his address to the British Association at Belfast, which raised a storm of controversy and protest in various quarters, Hours of Exercise on the Alps, etc. T. d. from an overdose of chloral accidentally administered by his wife.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Tytler, William

​Tytler, William (1711-1792).—Historical writer, was a lawyer in Edin., and wrote An Inquiry into the Evidence against Mary Queen of Scots, in which he combated the views of Robertson. He discovered the King's Quhair of James I., and pub. in 1783 The Poetical Remains of James I., King of Scotland, with a Life.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Turner, Sharon

​Turner, Sharon (1768-1847).—Historian, b. in London, was a solicitor, and becoming interested in the study of Icelandic and Anglo-Saxon literature, pub. the results of his researches in his History of the Anglo-Saxons (1799-1805). Thereafter he continued the narrative in History of England (1814-29), carrying it on to the end of the reign of Elizabeth. These histories, especially the former, though somewhat marred by an attempt to emulate the grandiose style of Gibbon, were works of real research, and opened up, and to a considerable extent developed, a new field of inquiry. T. also wrote a Sacred History of the World, and a poem on Richard III.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Tytler, Patrick Fraser

​Tytler, Patrick Fraser (1791-1849).—Historian, s. of the above, studied at Edin., and was called to the Bar in 1813. Among his many writings are an Essay on the History of the Moors in Spain, The Life of the Admirable Crichton (1819), History of Scotland (1828-43), and England under the Reigns of Edward VI. and Mary (1839). His History of Scotland, which was the result of 20 years of study and research, is still authoritative.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Hawkshaw, Hugh

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​HAWKSHAW. (Lieut., 1819. f-p., 12; h-p., 25.)
Hugh Hawkshaw is son of the late Rev. Rich. Hawkshaw, Rector of Fahan, co. Londonderry.
This officer entered the Navy, 24 Dec. 1810, as Fst.-cl. Vol., on board the Fortunée 36, Capt. Henry Vansittart, on the Home station, where he assisted at the capture, 11 Oct. 1811, of Le Vice-Amiral Martin, a notorious privateer, of 18 guns and 140 men, and where he afterwards followed the same Captain into the Clarence 74. While next attached, between Sept. 1813 and Feb. 1817, to the Pactolus 38, and Severn 50, both commanded by Capt. Hon. Fred. Wm. Aylmer, we find him accompanying the Duke of Cambridge to Cuxhaven and his late Majesty to the Scheldt, serving for some time also on the North American station, and (besides attending an eminently successful expedition sent in the summer of 1815 to the Gironde in support of the French king) enacting a part in the memorable battle of Algiers 27 Aug. 1816. He was subsequently for nearly twelve months employed on the African and West India stations in the Semiramis 42, Capts. Sir Jas. Lucas Yeo and Joseph Harrison; after which he successively joined the Severn 50, Newcastle 60, and Leander 50, commanded on the Home and Bermuda stations by Capts. Wm. M‘Culloch, Arthur Fanshawe, and Edw. Chetham. He was promoted, 12 July, 1819, to a Lieutenancy in the Newcastle, bearing the flag at the time of Rear-Admiral Edw. Griffith, Commander-in-Chief at Halifax; but since the paying off of that ship in 1822 has not been afloat.
Lieut. Hawkshaw, who is an Inspector of the Carlow Constabulary Force, married Catherine Eliza, fourth daughter of Robt. Miller, Esq., of Blackheath Park, co. Kent.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Hawker, Henry Samuel

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​HAWKER. (Commander, 1846.)
Henry Samuel Hawker obtained his first commission 6 March, 1838; and then joined for a short period the Pearl 20, Capt. Lord Clarence Edw. Paget, lying at Sheerness. He was afterwards appointed – 14 Aug. 1839, to the Edinburgh 72, Capt. Wm. Wilmott Henderson, in which ship (besides commanding her launch and covering in a very excellent manner a party who had landed for the purpose of destroying a train which had been laid between the town and one of the castles at Beyrout containing 200 barrels of gunpowder) he witnessed the fall of St. Jean d’Acre, 3 Nov. 1840 – 7 Sept. 1841, to the Aigle 24, Capt. Lord C. E. Paget, on the Mediterranean station – and, 11 Dec. 1845, to the Sampson steam-frigate, Capt. Thos. Henderson, attached to the force in South America, whence he came home in the spring of 1846. He was promoted to his present rank on 9 of the following Nov., and is now on half-pay. Agents – Messrs. Oramanney.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Hawkins, Frank Keene

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​HAWKINS. (Lieutenant, 1845.)
Frank Keene Hawkins served as Midshipman of the Pique 36, during the operations of 1840 on the coast of Syria, and was mentioned in the highest terms by his Captain, Edw. Boxer; passed his examination 7 July, 1841; and served as Mate, on the Mediterranean and American stations, in the Queen 110, and Formidable 84, flag-ships of Sir Edw. W. C. K. Owen, Warspite 50, Capt. Provo Wm. Parry Wallis, and Eagle 50, Capt. Geo. Bohun Martin. He obtained his commission 9 Dec. 1845; joined, a few days afterwards, the Gladiator steam-frigate, Capt. John Robb, lying at Woolwich; and since 8 May, 1846, has been successively employed with Capt. Woodford John Williams in the Avenger and Amphion steam-frigates, on the Home station.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Hawkins, Charles

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​HAWKINS. (Lieut., 1807. f-p., 22; h-p., 28.)
Charles Hawkins entered the Navy, 24 Dec. 1797, as A.B., on board the Chapman hired armed ship, Capt. Robt. Keen, with whom he continued to serve, principally as Midshipman, in the same vessel, and in the Spitfire sloop, until April, 1803; being much employed in the former in co-operation with the King’s troops, in the neighbourhood of Wexford, during the rebellion of 1798. On leaving the Spitfire he joined the Pickle schooner, of 10 guns and 35 men, Lieut.-Commanders John Kichards Lapenotiere and Daniel Callaway, in which vessel he had an opportunity of rendering much assistance to the Magnificent 74, when that ship was wrecked, near Brest, 25 March, 1804; of also participating in the battle of Trafalgar 21 Oct. 1805, with the despatches announcing the glorious result of which the Pickle was sent home; and of participating, as Sub-Lieutenant, in the capture, 3 Jan. 1807, of La Favorite privateer, of 14 guns and 70 men. Mr. Hawkins, who on the latter occasion received a slight wound, and distinguished himself by his activity and exertions in boarding and afterwards getting the prize clear, was for his conduct made Lieutenant, by commission dated on 7 of the same month, into the Humber armed ship, Capt. John Hill. He afterwards joined – 26 Nov. 1807, the Hercule 74, Capt. Hon. John Colville, off Lisbon – 8 Nov. 1808, the Norge 74, Capt. John Sprat Rainier, which ship, employed on the same and Cadiz stations, he left in Aug. 1811 – 11 Sept. 1812, the Cordelia 10, Capt. Thos. Fortescue Kennedy, attached to the force in the Downs – and, 21 July, 1813, the Colossus 74, Capt. Thos. Alexander, stationed in the North Sea, whence he invalided in Feb. 1814. He assumed command, 12 Aug. 1839, of the Romney receiving-ship at the Havana; and since 9 Oct. 1841 has been in charge of a Semaphore station.