OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/baumeln

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry baumeln. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ baumeln, verb, simply Modern High German ‘to hover as on a tree’?. See, however, bummeln.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/baß

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry baß. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ baß (2.), comparative adverb, ‘better,’ from the equivalent Middle High German baȥ, Old High German baȥ; compare Old Saxon bat-bet, Anglo-Saxon bet from batiz (Gothic *batis); it is an old adverb from the adjective discussed under besser. The almost invariable use at present of the adverb besser, instead of the older baß, is due to the fact that the formation of the adverb was no longer understood, and that the adjective at the same time has in every case assumed an adverbial function.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/löschen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry löschen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ löschen (1.), verb, ‘to extinguish, go out’; in the Modern High German verb two Middle High German verbs are comprised, Middle High German lëschen (most frequently erlëschen), strong verb, ‘to cease to burn, go out,’ and the corresponding factitive lęschen, ‘to extinguish’; compare Old High German lëskan, irlëskan, intransitive, and lęsken, transitive; this verbal stem is unknown to the other Teutonic languages. The sk of Old High German lëskan is really a suffix of the present stem (see dreschen and waschen), as may be inferred from the connection with the Teutonic root leg (see liegen); erlöschen is literally ‘to lie down.’
löschen (2.), verb, ‘to discharge a ship,’ borrowed from the equivalent Low German, Dutch lossen; compare Danish losse, Swedish lossa; the origin and early history of the cognates are unknown (compare Boot, Bord, and Rahe).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/mager

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry mager. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ mager, adjective, ‘lean, lank, meagre,’ from the equivalent Middle High German mager, Old High German magar, adjective; corresponding to Middle Low German and Dutch mager, Anglo-Saxon mœger, Old Icelandic magr, adjective, ‘lean’; a common Teutonic word, wanting only in Gothic. Considering the wide and early diffusion of the term, its similarity to Latin macer (Italian magro, French maigre) is remarkable. While Middle English mę̂gre, English meagre, are certainly of Romance origin (compare French maigre), Teutonic mager, like Latin macer, ‘lean,’ and Greek μακεδνός, ‘tall,’ μᾶκρός, ‘long,’ may be derived from an Aryan root mā̆k, ‘long, thin’; Lithuanian máżus, ‘little,’ may, like Old High German magar, point to a common root, magh. Yet the supposition that the Teutonic cognates are derived from Low Latin and Italian magro is more probable; note kurz, from Latin curtus.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/lösen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry lösen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ lösen, verb, ‘to loosen, free,’ from the equivalent Middle High German lœsen, Old High German lôsen (*lôsjan); a derivative of the Middle High German and Old High German adjective lôs (see los); compare Gothic lausjan, ‘to loosen,’ from laus, ‘loose.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/lötig

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry lötig. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ lötig, ‘of due alloy,’ corresponds in compounds to Middle High German lœtec, ‘of full weight, containing the due proportion of a noble metal.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/lüpfen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry lüpfen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ lüpfen, ‘to set free and then raise aloft,’ an Upper German verb, from the equivalent Middle High German lüpfen, lupfen. Since the word is not found in other languages (Gothic *luppjan?), its origin cannot be discovered; perhaps it is connected with the cognates of Läufel. In Modern High German a modern verb, lüften (allied to Luft), ‘to lift,’ has supplanted the cognate phonetic form lüpfen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/machen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry machen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ machen, verb, ‘to make, produce, cause, perform,’ from the equivalent Middle High German machen, Old High German mahhôn; corresponding to the equivalent Old Saxon makôn, Dutch maken, Anglo-Saxon macian, English to make; a common Teutonic verb for ‘to make,’ but existing also as a borrowed term in the Northern dialects. The Old High German verb further signifies ‘to combine, join.’ As allied to Gothic *makôn, compare the adjectives — Old Icelandic *makr, only in the comparative makara, ‘more suitable or convenient,’ Anglo-Saxon gemœc, ‘suitable, fit,’ Old High German gimah, ‘combined with, belonging to, corresponding, convenient,’ Middle High German gemach, Modern High German gemach; Old High German gimah, neuter of the adjective, ‘combination, convenience, agreeableness,’ Middle High German gemach, masculine and neuter, ‘comfort, agreeableness, place where one rests, dwelling, room,’ Modern High German Gemach); further, Anglo-Saxon gemœčča, ‘husband, wife,’ English make, ‘companion, spouse,’ English match, Old High German gimahho, ‘companion,’ gimahha, ‘wife,’ Old High German gimahhidi, Middle High German gemęchede, neuter, ‘spouse.’ Hence results a Teutonic root mak, ‘to join or belong to in a suitable manner’ (equivalent in meaning to the root gad in Gatte). A non-Teutonic root mag, with this sense, has not yet been found.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/läppisch

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry läppisch. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ läppisch, adjective, ‘silly, foolish,’ Modern High German only, allied to Middle High German lappe, ‘dandy, simpleton,’ which is preserved in earlier High German, and still in the dialectic Lappe; compare Laffe.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/läugnen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry läugnen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ läugnen, verb, ‘to contradict, deny,’ from the equivalent Middle High German löugenen, lougenen, lougen, Old Low German louginen, lougnen, weak verb; corresponding to Old Saxon lôgnian, Anglo-Saxon lêhnan, lŷgnan, Gothic laugnjan, weak verb, ‘to deny’; Old Icelandic leyna, ‘to conceal’ (Gothic galaugnjan, ‘to be concealed’), with the loss of a g before the n. A common Teutonic weak verb with the meaning ‘to deny’; it is a derivative of an Old High German noun lougna, feminine, ‘denial’ (Old Icelandic laun), which is formed by gradation from the stem of lügen (root lug). Compare lügen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/läuten

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry läuten. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ läuten, verb, ‘to ring, chime,’ Middle High German liuten, weak verb, ‘to utter a sound, cause to resound, ring,’ Old High German lûtten, ‘to make audible.’ Compare Anglo-Saxon hlŷdan, ‘to be audible, make a loud noise, shout, sound.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/löten

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry löten. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ löten, verb, from the equivalent Middle High German lœten, ‘to solder,’ is a derivative of Lot. —
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Posey, Carnot

Edition of 1900.
​POSEY, Carnot, soldier, b. in Wilkinson county, Miss., 5 Aug., 1818; d. in Charlottesville, Va., 13 Nov., 1863. He served in the Mexican war as a lieutenant of rifles under Jefferson Davis, and was wounded at Buena Vista. He became colonel of the 16th Mississippi regiment on 4 June, 1861, and was appointed brigadier-general in the Confederate army, 1 Nov., 1862. His brigade was composed of four Mississippi regiments of infantry, and formed part of Anderson's division of Ambrose P. Hill's corps in the Army of Northern Virginia. Gen. Posey received wounds at Bristoe Station, Va., 14 Oct., 1863, from the effects of which he died.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Post, Christian Frederick

Edition of 1900.
​POST, Christian Frederick, missionary, b. in Polish Prussia in 1710; d. in Germantown, Pa., 29 April, 1785. He came to Pennsylvania in 1742, and between 1743 and 1749 was a missionary to the Moravian Indians in New York and Connecticut. He returned to Europe in 1751, and thence was sent to Labrador, but afterward he came again to Pennsylvania, and was again employed in the Indian missions. In 1758 he undertook an embassy in behalf of the province to the Delawares and ​Shawnees in Ohio. He established an independent mission in Ohio in 1761, where he was joined in 1762 by John Heckewelder; but the Pontiac war forced them to abandon the project. In January, 1764, he sailed for the Mosquito coast, where he labored two years, and he made a second visit there in 1767. He afterward united with the Protestant Episcopal church.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Potts, Benjamin Franklin

Edition of 1900.
POTTS, Benjamin Franklin, soldier, b. in Carroll county, Ohio, 29 Jan., 1836; d. in Helena Mont., 17 June, 1887. He was educated at Westminster college, New Wilmington, Pa., and admitted to the bar in 1859. He became captain in the 42d Ohio regiment in 1861, served in the Shenandoah valley, was commissioned colonel in 1862, participated in the Vicksburg campaign, and was then promoted to the command of a brigade and served under Gen. William T. Sherman. On 5 Jan., 1865, he became brigadier-general of volunteers. He then returned to the practice of the law, was elected state senator of Ohio, and was governor of Montana in 1870-'83. Gen. Potts was in the legislature in 1884, and was a member of the Society of the army of the Tennessee.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Posadas, Gervasio Antonio

Edition of 1900.
​POSADAS, Gervasio Antonio, Argentine statesman, b. in Buenos Ayres, 19 June, 1757; d. there, 2 July, 1832. He studied law, and for several years was employed in the Spanish administration, but when independence was proclaimed, 25 May, 1810, he took an active part in the patriotic movement. Soon he became the chief of the Centralization party in opposition to the Federal, and when in 1813 the constituent assembly abolished the executive junta, he was appointed, 26 Jan., 1814, supreme director of the Argentine Republic. He created the provinces of Entrerios, Tucuman, and Salta, and was active in forwarding re-enforcements to the army in the Banda Oriental, and, on 22 June, Montevideo was captured by Gen. Alvear. His conservative ideas caused him to send, in December of that year, a secret mission to Europe, for the purpose of obtaining a protectorate or a monarch from England or some other European nation, as he did not think his country ripe for a republic. His intentions became known, and there were several insurrections. Posadas, not feeling himself strong enough to resist, resigned, 9 Jan., 1815, and after the accession of Rosas and the adoption of the Federal system he was often persecuted.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Post, Isaac

Edition of 1900.
​POST, Isaac, philanthropist, b. in Westbury, Queens co.. N. Y., 26 Feb., 1798; d. in Rochester, N. Y., 9 May, 1872. Being the son of Quaker parents, he was educated at the Westbury Friends' school. He engaged in the drug business, and removed to Scipio, N. Y., in 1823, and to Rochester, N. Y., in 1836, where he spent the remainder of his life. He was a warm adherent of William Lloyd Garrison, and one of the earliest laborers in the anti-slavery cause. His door was ever open to those who had escaped from bondage, and his hostility to the fugitive-slave law was bitter and uncompromising. He was a member of the Hicksite branch of the Quakers, but left that body because, in his opinion, it showed itself subservient to the slave power. Mr. Post resided in Rochester when public attention was first attracted to the manifestations by the Fox sisters, and became one of the earliest converts to Spiritualism. He was the author of “Voices from the Spirit World, being Communications from Many Spirits, by the Hand of Isaac Post, Medium” (Rochester, 1852). — His brother, Joseph, b. in Westbury, L. I., 30 Nov., 1803; d. there, 17 Jan., 1888, resembled Isaac in his profession of abolition principles. He was at one time proscribed and persecuted within his own sect, but lived long enough to witness a complete revolution of sentiment, and to be the recipient of many expressions of confidence and esteem from his co-religionists. When Isaac T. Hopper, Charles Marriot, and James S. Gibbons were disowned by the Society of Friends, on account of their outspoken opposition to slavery, they received encouragement and support from Joseph Post. Mr. Post passed his life in the same house in which he was born and died.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Potanou

Edition of 1900. No trace of an article on "Outina" (or "Utina," an alternative name) was found in the 1891 or 1900 editions of v. 4. The "q. v." for that article below would seem to be mistaken.
​POTANOU, Indian chief, b. in Florida about 1525; d. there about 1570. He was the king of the most potent of the three great Indian confederacies that existed in lower Florida at the time of the landing of Jean Ribaut (q. v.) in 1562, and his domains extended seventy miles westward and northwestward of St. John's river. The Florida Indians were more advanced in civilization than the more northern tribes, and were chiefly an agricultural people. Potanou was a legislator, and endeavored to promote civilization among his subjects. The villages under his rule had wooden buildings that were constructed according to his plans, and astonished both the early French and Spanish adventurers. But he failed in his attempts to unite the Indians of lower Florida in a single great confederacy, of which it was his ambition to be the chief, and at the time of Ribaut's landing in 1562 there was a war among the three kings, Satouriona, Outina (q. v.), and Potanou, in which the last seemed to have the advantage. He was also the first to open intercourse with Ribaut, and received from him a present of a robe of blue cloth, worked with the regal fleur-de-lis. The difficulties that the French under René de Laudonnière (q. v.) met in their attempts to colonize Florida were due chiefly to the rivalry among the three kings, who asked Laudonnière's aid against their neighbors, and, being refused, became his enemies. They afforded assistance to the Spaniards under Menendez de Aviles (q. v.), especially Potanou, who complained of a raid that had been made on his villages by Outina, aided by a party of French under Arlac, a lieutenant of Laudonnière. But the haughtiness and cruelties of the Spaniards soon occasioned hostilities with the Indians, and a war began against the intruders. Menendez de Aviles endeavored in vain to conciliate Potanou, but the prudent king could not be decoyed, and ordered that all missionaries and Spaniards trespassing on his domains should be put to death. This enmity, which lasted till Potanou's death, proved a severe check to the Spanish colonization of Florida.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Post, Minturn

Edition of 1900.
​POST, Minturn, physician, b. in New York city, 28 June, 1808; d. there, 26 April, 1869. He was graduated at Columbia in 1827, and, after studying medicine under Dr. Valentine Mott, received his degree at the medical department of the University of Virginia in 1832. Subsequently he studied in Paris, and, settling in New York city on his return, he acquired a large practice, and became recognized as an authority on diseases of the chest. In 1843 he was called to be medical examiner of the New York life insurance company. He translated and added notes to Raciborski's “Auscultation and Percussion” (New York, 1839).
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Post, Philip Sidney

Edition of 1900.
​POST, Philip Sidney, soldier, b. in Florida, N. Y., 19 March, 1833; d. in Washington, D. C., 6 Jan., 1895. He was graduated at Union college, and was admitted to the bar. He then travelled through the northwest, his parents having meanwhile removed to Illinois, and took up his abode in Kansas, where he practised his profession, and also established and edited a newspaper. At the opening of the civil war he was chosen 2d lieutenant in the 59th Illinois infantry, and in 1862 he became its colonel. He was severely wounded at the battle of Pea Ridge, and made his way with much suffering, and under many difficulties, to St. Louis. Before fully recovering, he joined his regiment in front of Corinth, Miss., and was assigned to the command of a brigade. From May, 1862, till the close of the war he was constantly at the front. In the Army of the Cumberland, as first organized, he commanded the 1st brigade, 1st division, of the 20th army corps from its formation to its dissolution. He began the battle of Stone River, drove back the enemy several miles, and captured Leetown. During the Atlanta campaign he was transferred to Wood's division of the 4th army corps, and when that general was wounded at Lovejoy's station, Post took charge of the division, and with it opposed the progress of the Confederates toward the north. On 16 Nov., 1864, in a charge on Overton Hill, a grape-shot crushed through his hip, making what was for some days thought to be a mortal wound. On 10 Dec., 1864, he was brevetted brigadier-general of volunteers. After the surrender at Appomattox he was appointed to the command of the western district of Texas, where there was then a concentration of troops on the Mexican border. He remained there until 1866, when the withdrawal of the French from Mexico removed all danger of military complications. He was then earnestly recommended by Gen. George H. Thomas and others, under whom he had served, for the appointment of colonel in the regular army; but he did not wish to remain in the army. In 1866 he was appointed U. S. consul at Vienna, and in 1874 he became consul-general. His official reports have been quoted as authority. In 1878 he tendered his resignation, which, however, was not accepted till the year following. He resided at Galesburg, Ill., and in 1886 and 1894 was elected to congress as a Republican.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Post, Truman Marcellus

Edition of 1900.
​POST, Truman Marcellus, clergyman, b. in Middlebury, Vt., 3 June, 1810; d. in St. Louis, Mo., 31 Dec., 1886. He was graduated at Middlebury college in 1829, and then was principal of an academy at Castleton, Vt., for a year. In 1830 he returned to Middlebury as tutor, and remained for two years, also studying law. He spent the winter of 1832-'3 at Washington, D. C.. listening to debates in congress and at the supreme court. After spending a short time in St. Louis, Mo., he settled in Jacksonville, Ill., and was admitted to the bar. In 1833 he became professor of languages in Illinois college, and later he took the chair of history. He studied theology, and was ordained minister of the Congregational church in Jacksonville in 1840. He was called in 1847 to the 3d Presbyterian church in St. Louis, and in 1851 to the newly organized 1st Congregational church in that city, serving until his death. Dr. Post held the place of university professor of ancient and modern history at Washington university, and in 1873-'5 was Southworth lecturer on Congregationalism at Andover theological seminary, and was professor of ecclesiastical history in Northwestern theological seminary in Chicago. In 1855 he received the degree of D. D. from Middlebury college. He contributed to the “Biblical Repository” and other religious periodicals, and, besides various pamphlets, addresses, and sermons, was the author of “The Skeptical Era in Modern History” (New York, 1856).
# Ancient Ballads and Legends of Hindustan/Our Casuarina Tree

Like a huge Python, winding round and round The rugged trunk, indented deep with scars, Up to its very summit near the stars, A creeper climbs, in whose embraces bound No other tree could live. But gallantly The giant wears the scarf, and flowers are hung In crimson clusters all the boughs among, Whereon all day are gathered bird and bee; And oft at nights the garden overflows With one sweet song that seems to have no close, Sung darkling from our tree, while men repose.
When first my casement is wide open thrown At dawn, my eyes delighted on it rest; Sometimes, and most in winter,—on its crest A grey baboon sits statue-like alone Watching the sunrise; while on lower boughs His puny offspring leap about and play; ​And far and near kokilas hail the day; And to their pastures wend our sleepy cows; And in the shadow, on the broad tank cast By that hoar tree, so beautiful and vast, The water-lilies spring, like snow enmassed.
But not because of its magnificence Dear is the Casuarina to my soul: Beneath it we have played; though years may roll, O sweet companions, loved with love intense. For your sakes, shall the tree be ever dear! Blent with your images, it shall arise In memory, till the hot tears blind mine eyes! What is that dirge-like murmur that I hear Like the sea breaking on a shingle-beach? It is the tree's lament, an eerie speech That haply to the unknown land may reach.
Unknown, yet well-known to the eye of faith! Ah, I have heard that wail far, far away In distant lands, by many a sheltered bay, When slumbered in his cave the water-wraith And the waves gently kissed the classic shore Of France or Italy, beneath the moon, ​When earth lay trancèd in a dreamless swoon: And every time the music rose,—before Mine inner vision rose a form sublime, Thy form, O Tree, as in my happy prime I saw thee, in my own loved native clime.
Therefore I fain would consecrate a lay Unto thy honour, Tree, beloved of those Who now in blessed sleep, for aye, repose, Dearer than life to me, alas! were they! Mayst thou be numbered when my days are done With deathless trees—like those in Borrowdale, Under whose awful branches lingered pale "Fear, trembling Hope, and Death, the skeleton, And Time the shadow;" and though weak the verse That would thy beauty fain, oh fain rehearse. May Love defend thee from Oblivion's curse.