OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bruodine, Anthony

Anthony Bruodin in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
​BRUODINE, ANTHONY (fl. 1672), Irish Franciscan, was a native of the county of Clare. He became a Recollect friar and jubilate lecturer of divinity in the Irish convent of the Holy Conception of the Blessed Virgin at Prague. He wrote: 1. 'Œcodomia Minoriticæ Scholæ Solamonis, Johannia Duns Scoti, sive Universæ Theologiæ Scholasticæ Manualis Summa,' Prague, 1663, 8vo. 2. 'Corolla Œcodomiæ Minoriticæ Scholæ Salamonis, Doctoris subtilis; sive pars altera Manualis Summæ totius Theologiæ Speculativæ,' Prague, 1864, 8vo. 3. 'Propugnaculum Catholicæ Veritatis, Pars prima Historica, in quinque libros distributa,' Prague, 1668, 4to. In the fifth book he violently attacks Thomas Carve's 'Lyra,' or annals of Ireland, in a chapter headed 'De Carve seu Carrani erroribus et imposturis.' This provoked from Carve the 'Enchiridion Apologeticum,' Nuremberg, 1670, 12mo. In answer to this a tract called the 'Anatomicum Examen Enchiridii' was published at Prague in 1671, but whether this was written by Friar Cornelius O'Mollony, a relative of Bruodine's, or by Bruodine himself under that name, as Carve believed, is uncertain [see Carve, Thomas]. 4. 'Armamentarium Theologicum,' Prague, 4to. He is probably identical with the Antonius Prodinus whose 'Descriptio Regni Hiberniæ, Sanctorum Insulæ, et de prima origine miseriarum & motuum in Anglia, Scotia, et Hibernia, regnante Carolo primo rege' was printed at Rome, 1721, 4to, under the editorship of the exiled son of Phelim O'Neill.
[Ware's Writers of Ireland (Harris), 160, 181; Kerney's Pref. to reprint of Carve's Itinerarium (1859), pp. ix, x; Loundes's Bibl. Man. (Bohn), 295, 383, 1979; Bibl. Grenvilliana, i. 119, 575; Cat. Lib. Impress. in Bibl. Col. Trin. Dubl. (1864), i. 490, 491.]
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bruning, Anthony

​BRUNING, ANTHONY (1716–1776), jesuit, eldest son of George Bruning of East Meon and Foxfield, Hampshire, by his first wife, Mary, daughter of Christopher Bryon of Sussex, was born on 7 Dec. 1716. He entered the Society of Jesus in 1733; became a professed father in 1751; laboured for some years on the English mission; and was afterwards appointed professor of philosophy at Liège, where he died on 8 Aug. 1776. He wrote manuscript treatises, ‘De Gratia,’ ‘De Deo,’ and ‘De Trinitate.'
[Oliver's Collections S. J. 62; Foley’s Records S.J. v. 816, vii. 99; Backer's Bibl. des Ecrivains de la Compagnie de Jésus (1869), 913.]
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Brunton, Mary

​BRUNTON, MARY (1778–1818), novelist, was daughter of Colonel Thomas Balfour of Elwick. Her mother was the daughter of Colonel Ligonier. Mary Balfour was born in the island of Barra, Orkney, on 1 Nov. 1778. Her early education was irregular, but the girl learned music, French, and Italian. From her sixteenth to her twentieth year she managed her father’s household. About l79Sshe married the Rev. Alexander Brunton, and settled in the parsonage of Bolton, near Haddington. The young couple studied together philosophy and history. In 1803 they went to live in Edinburgh. In 1810 Mrs. Brunton’s first novel, ‘Self-Control,' was published; it was dedicated to Joanna Baillie, and the circumstance led to a pleasant and lifelong intercourse. The book had a marked success. A second novel, ‘Discipline,' appeared in December 1814. In a letter to her brother, while acknowledging that she loved ‘money dearly,’ she declares that her great purpose had been ‘to procure admission for the religion of a sound mind and of the Bible where it cannot find access in any other form.' The repairing of the Tron Church in 1815 gave Dr. Brunton and his wife an opportunity for a visit to London and to the south-west of England. She now projected a series of domestic tales, and made considerable progress with one called 'Emmeline.' But after giving birth to a stillborn son on 7 Dec., she was attacked by fever, and died 19 Dec. 1818. A life of Brunton, with selections from her correspondence, her two novels, the unfinished story of ‘Emmeline,' and some other literary remains, were published by her husband in 1819. ‘Self-Control’ and ‘Discipline’ were republished in Bentley’s Standard Novels in 1832, and in cheap editions in 1837 and 1852. A French translation of ‘ Self-Control ’ appeared in Paris in 1829.
Alexander Brunton, Mrs. Brunton’s biographer, was born at Edinburgh in 1772, and became minister of Bolton in 1797, of the New Greyfriars, Edinburgh, in 1803, and of the Tron Church in 1809. He was professor of oriental languages in the university of Edinburgh, and dizgei) Feb. 1854. His works are : ‘Sermons and Lecturwf Edinburgh, 1818; ‘Persian Grammar,’ Edinburgh, 1822.
[The Biographical Memoir mentioned above; Quéard's La Littérature Française Contemporaine, Paris, 1846, t. ll, 461 ; Blackwood's Magazine, v. 183.]
W. E. A. A.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Brunning, Benjamin

​BRUNNING, BENJAMIN (fl. 1664), nonconformist divine, son of the Rev. John Brunning, rector of Semer in Suffolk, was baptised on 8 Oct. 1623. He received his academical education at Jesus College, Cambridge, where he was admitted to a fellowship on 5 May 1645. He was ejected in 1662, and became a nonconformist minister at Ipswich. The following is the account given of him by Calamy (Ejected Ministers, li. 645): ‘Mr. Benjamin Brunning was fellow of Jesus College, Cambridge; one of great usefulness there, and of a general reputation in the university for his wit and learning. Hewasamsn of large and deep thoughts, and his grovince required it; he having the most judicious persons in the town and country, both ministers and people, for his audience.' He was author of the following sermons: 1. ‘A Sermon preached at an Election of Parliament Men, in a Critical Time,’ on James iii. 17, 1660, 4to. 2. ‘Against Impositions and Conformity, from the Second Commandment.'
[Clutterbuck’s Hertfordshire, iii. 321 n ; Addit. MS. 5853 f. 177, 19165 f. 227; Pa.lmer's Non-conformists’ Memorial, iii. 271.]
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Brutton, Nicholas

* related portals: Nicholas Brutton.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
​BRUTTON, NICHOLAS (1780–1843), lieutenant-colonel, descended from the old Devonshire family of Brutton or Bruteton, entered the army as ensign in the 75th foot in 1795, proceeded to India, served at the battle of Seedasseer in 1799, through the Mysore campaign as aide-de-camp to Colonel Hart, and led one of the storming parties at Seringapatam on 4 May 1799, when he was severely wounded. He served through the campaign in Canara; at the siege and assault of Jamalabad, and under Lord Lake through the campaigns of 1804–5. At Bhurtpore he led a storming party, and was again severely wounded. He exchanged into the 8th hussars, served in the Sikh country in 1809 under General St. Leger, and as brigade-major to General Wood in the Pindarree campaign, 1812.
​On the breaking out of the Nepal war he proceeded as brevet-major in command of three troops of the 8th hussars, and led the assault on the fort of Kalunga at the head of one hundred dismounted troopers, and was again severely wounded. He served as brigade-major at the siege and capture of Hattrass, and in the Pindarree campaign of 1817 was promoted to a majority in the 8th hussars, and on the return of that regiment to Europe, in 1821, exchanged into the 11th hussars, with which regiment he served at the siege and capture of Bhurtpore. In 1830 he succeeded to the lieutenant-colonelcy and commanded the 11th hussars until 1837, when he sold out, and was succeeded by the Earl of Cardigan.
Brutton was present at the siege and capture of the six strongest fortresses in India. On leaving the 11th hussars he was presented by the officers with a splendid piece of plate in testimony of their regard. He had a pension for his wounds of 100l. a year, and died in retirement at Bordeaux on 26 March 1843.
[War Office Records; United Service Magazine, mclxxiv. May 1843.]
F. B. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Brunton, George

​BRUNTON, GEORGE (1799–1836), Scottish lawyer and journalist, was born on 31 Jan. 1799, and was educated at the Canongate High School, Edinburgh. He was admitted a solicitor in 1831; and in the following year, with Mr. David Haig, brought out ‘An Historical Account of the Senators of the College of Justice, from its Institution in mdxxxii,' 8vo, Edinburgh and London, 1832. This volume, which was at first ​undertaken as a republication of the ‘Catalogue of the Lords of Session] prepared by Lord Hailes in 1767, with a continuation to the time nf its issue, became a collection of short biographies. Brunton was a frequent contributor to periodicals, and an advanced liberal. He established in 1834 a weekly Saturday newspaper called ‘The Patriot,' which was dropped upon his death (Tait's Edinburgh Magazine, November 1836). Brunton died on 2 June 1836, at Paris, whither he had gone in search of health.
[Edinburgh Almanac, 1831-7; Caledonian Mercury, ll June 1836; Gent. Mag. July 1836; Tait’s Edinburgh Magazine, November 1836; Irving's Dictionary of Eminent Scotsmen, 1881.]
A. H. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Brunyard, William

The ODNB casts doubt on the existence of this person.
​BRUNYARD, WILLIAM (fl. 1350), Dominican friar, described as the author of a 'Summa Theologiae' and of certain 'Distinctiones' and 'Determinationes,' is probably, as Echard suggested (Script. Ord. Domin. i. 634 b), identical with the better known John de Bromyarde [q. v.]
[Boston ap. Tanner's Bibl. Brit., præf. pp. xxxiii, xl; Bale's Cat. Script. Brit. v. 77, pp. 429 seq. (see also Bale's Notebook in the Bodleian Library. Selden MS. supr. 64, f. 53); Pits's Comm. de Script. Brit. p. 479.]
R. L. P.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Edridge, Henry

​EDRIDGE, HENRY (1769–1821), miniature-painter, born at Paddington in August 1769, was son of a tradesman in St. James's, Westminster. He was educated first by his mother, and afterwards in a school at Acton. He was articled at the age of fifteen to William Pether, the engraver in mezzotinto. Following his inclinations, he spent much of his apprenticeship in drawing portraits, and at its close studied at the Royal Academy, and attracted the notice of Sir Joshua Reynolds. He commenced to paint portraits, and practised first in Dufour's Place, Golden Square, and afterwards in Margaret Street. His success soon enabled him to purchase a cottage at Hanwell. In 1789 he made the acquaintance of Thomas Hearne, and began to sketch landscape in company with and in the style of that artist, although he adhered to his portrait-painting. In 1814 he became a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries, and in 1820 an associate of the Royal Academy. In 1817 and 1819 he visited France, and made several drawings at Rouen and other towns in Normandy. He died in Margaret Street, Cavendish Square, on 23 April 1821, and was buried at Bushey. Edridge's early portraits were mostly executed with black-lead pencil, and afterwards he added a little flesh colour or tint to the faces. The following likenesses are in the British Museum: the artist himself, Lord Loughborough, Lady Cawdor, F. Bartolozzi, O. Humphry, R.A., T. Cheesman, William Smith, T. Stothard, R.A., James Heath, A.E., W. Byrne, E. F. Burney, R. Corbould, B. J. Pouncey, T. Hearne, W. Woollett, and J. Nollekens. To these portraits should be added the following architectural studies: ‘L'Abbaye des Dames de la Trinité, Caen,’ 23 July 1819; ‘La Tour de la Grosse Horloge, Evreux,’ 4 Aug. 1819; and ‘Bayeux,’ 25 July 1819.
L. F.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Chamberlen, Peter (1572-1626)

​CHAMBERLEN, PETER, the younger (1572–1626), surgeon, younger brother of Peter Chamberlen the elder [q. v.], although bearing the same christian name, was born at 'Southampton on 8 Feb, 1572, a posthumous son. Electing,lilts his brother, to follow medicine, he became in due time a member of the Barber Surgeons' Company. About 1660, when residing in the parish of St. Anne's, Blackfriars, he obtained a license from the bishop of London to practise midwifery, and by his skill therein acquired considerable reputation and wealth. He possessed the family secret as to the midwifery forceps, and often incurred the censure of the Coll of Physicians. In October 1610 he sought to put an end to a long series of prosecutions, which had their origin in his want of medical diplomas, by joining the college, and appearing before the censors was examined for the Brat time. We are not told what the result was, but as he never proceeded further, it is probable that he was rejected for insufficient knowledge of his profession. In 1616 he interested himself in an attempt to obtain from the crown authority to organise the midwives of London into a company. On the petition being referred to the consideration of the college, they reported unfavourably of the scheme. ‘It was afterwards revived in 1684 by Chamberlen's eldest son, Dr. Peter Chamberlen, only to meet with a similar fate.
Peter Chamberlen the younger, dying at his house, in the parish of St. Anne's, Blackfriars, in August 1026 (Probate Act Book, 1628), was buried on the 16th at Downe in Kent, in accordance with the wish expressed -in his will. His will, as of London, surgeon, bearing date 12 Aug. 1626, was proved on the 22nd following (Reg. in P. C. C. 106, Hele). He had married Sara, daughter of William de Laune, a French protestant clergyman and refugee, and a licentiate of the College of Physicians. By her, who predeceased him, he had a family of five sons (of whom Peter is noticed below) and three daughters.
[Areling's The Chamberlens and the Mid-wifery Forceps, pp. 15-29.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Chamberlayne, William

​CHAMBERLAYNE, WILLIAM (1619–1689), physician and poet, was born in 1619, He practised as a physician at Shaftesbury in Dorsetshire. During the civil war he was distinguished for his loyalty to Charles I; and it appears from a passage at the close of the second book of ‘Pharonnida’ that he wan present at the second battle of Newbury. He died in January 1689, and was buried at Shaftesbury in the churchyard of the Holy Trinity, where a monument was erected to him by his son Valentine Chamberlayne. In 1658 he published ‘Love's Victory, a Tragi-Comedy,' 4to, dedicated to Sir William Portman, bart, There are some fine passages in the play, and plenty of loyal sentiment. An alteration, under the title of ‘Wits led by the Nose, or a Poet's Revenge,’ was acted at the Theatre Royal in 1678, and printed in the some year. In 1659 appeared ‘Pharonnida, an Heroick Poem,' 8vo. The dedication to Sir William Portman, dated from Shaftesbury 12 May 1659, is followed by an 'epistle to the reader,’ in which Chamberlayne stated that ‘Fortune had placed him in too low a sphear to be happy in the acquaintance of more celebrated wits.’ The poem in in rhymed heroics; there are five books and four cantos to each book. As the fourth book commences with fresh pagination and in different type, it has been conjectured that the printing wus interrupted by the author's employment in the wars. In spite of its diffuseness and intricacy, the story is interesting; and much of the poetry is remarkable for happy imagery and rich expression. Both in its faults and in its beauties ‘Pharonnida,' bears considerable resemblance to ‘Endymion,' Southey warmly admired the poem, and in a note to his ‘Vision of the Maid of Orleans' (Poems, 1-vol. ed. 1850, p. 79) speaks of Chamberlayne as ‘a poet to whom I am indebted for many hours of delight.' A romance founded on the poem was published in 1683, under the title title of ‘Eromona, or the Noble stranger.' In 1820 'Pharonnida’ was reprinted in 3 vols. 12mo. At the Restoration, in 1683, Chamberlayne published ‘England’s Jubile, or a Poem on the happy Return of his Sacred Majesty Charles the Second,' 4to, pp. 8.
[Retrospective Review, vol. i; Corser's Collectanea; Hutchins's Dorset. ed. 2, iii. 201.]
A. H. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Chamberlen, Hugh (1664-1728)

​CHAMBERLEN, HUGH, the younger, (1664–1728), physician, eldest son of Hugh Chamberlen the elder [q. v.], was born in 1664. He was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, and took the degree of M.A. in 1683 per literas regias. After studying medicine at Leyden he graduated M.D. at Cambridge in 1689. In 1694 he was admitted a fellow of the College of Physicians, and was censor in 1707, 1719, 1721. Chamberlen practised midwifery like his ancestors, and in that and other departments of physic had many fashionable patients. Swift writes to Stella (Letters, ed. 1768, iv. 81) that he had dined with Chamberlen. He attended Atterbury in the Tower. He married thrice, and had three daughters, but seems to have preferred the society of the old Duchess of Buckingham and Normanby to that of his wife. His own house was in King Street, Covent Garden, but he spent much time and at last died in the Buckingham House which occupied part of the site of the present Buckingham Palace. His only published work is a turgid Latin epithalamium, written on the marriage of Princess Anne in 1683. A monument to Chamberlen, put up by the son of the Duchess of Buckingham and Normanby, disfigures the north choir aisle of Westminster Abbey. His life-size effigy reclines in doctoral robes on the lid of a sarcophagus surrounded by emblematic sculptures, while a long Latin epitaph by Atterbury praises his family, his life, his descendants, and his patron. The safe delivery of the Duchess of Buckingham and Normanby, which is mentioned by Atterbury as one of the reasons for the monument, is also commemorated with gratitude in the duke's 'Essay of Vulgar Errors;' while the 'Psylas of Garth's Dispensary' (6th edit. London, 1706, p. 91) is a third literary memorial of this fashionable physician. Chamberlen died after a long illness on 17 June 1728. His library was sold in 1734 after the death of his widow, and there is a copy of the catalogue in the British Museum.
[Munk's Coll. of Phys., 1878,i. 604; Aveling's The Chamberlens, London, 1882; Duke of Buckingham's Works, London, 1723, ii. 268.]
N. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Chamberlen, Peter (d.1631)

​CHAMBERLEN, PETER, the elder (d. 1631), surgeon, was the son of William Chamberlen, a French protestant, who, when obliged to abandon his home in Paris on account of his religion, sought shelter in England with his wife, Genevieve Vingnon, and three children, and settled at Southampton in 1669. Born in Paris, Peter was bred a surgeon, to which profession his father also probably belonged. For many years he continued at Southampton, but growing tired of the fatigues of country practice, he had in 1690 removed to London and been admitted into the livery of the Barber Surgeons' Company. Chamberlen became one of the most celebrated accoucheurs of his day, and in that capacity attended the queens of James I and Charles I, by whom he was held in high favour. His name is connected with the short midwifery forceps, which he was probably the first of his family to use, as shown by the researches of Dr. Aveling (The Chamberlens and the Midwifery Forceps, pp. 215-26).
Chamberlen, besides trading upon his valuable secret, constantly endeavoured to add to his gains by illicit practice, and thus was perpetually at warfare with the College of Physicians. After being repeatedly prosecuted for not confining himself strictly to the practice of surgery, as it was then understood, in 1612 he was summoned before the college, charged with illegal and evil practice, and on 13 Nov. of that year it was unanimously agreed that he had given medicine wrongly, and his practice was condemned. It is evident that a warrant was signed for his apprehension and removal to Newgate, for four days after his condemnation a meeting took place at the college to consider his imprisonment and release.
'Peter Chamberlen did not submit passively to his imprisonment. The lord mayor, at his request, and probably influenced by Thomas Chamberlen, master of the powerful Mercers' Company, and cousin of the prisoner, interceded for him. A demand was made by the judges of the kingdom on their authority and writ that he should be discharged, but this demand the college could and did legally deny, as he had been committed for "mala praxis." Lastly, the Archbishop of ​Canterbury, at the mandate of the queen, prevailed with the president and censors, and Peter was released (Aveling, p. 8).
Chamberlen would appear to have spent his latter days chiefly at Downe in Kent, where and in the surrounding villages he had purchased property. He died in London in December 1631, and was buried on the 17th in the parish church of St. Dionis Backchurch (Registers, Harleian Society, iii. 220). His will, as ‘of London, chirurgion,' dated on 29 Nov. 1631, was proved on the 16th of the following December (Reg. in P. C. C. 130, St. John). By his wife Anne, who died before him, he had an only daughter, Esther.
[Aveling's The Chamberlens and the Midwifery Forceps, pp. 4-14.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Manning, Robert

​MANNING, ROBERT (d. 1731), catholic controversialist, was educated in the English College at Douay, and he was for some time professor of humanity and philosophy there. Afterwards he was sent to the English mission, and composed various controversial treatises, which, says Dodd, were 'much esteemed by the learned on account of their easy flowing style.' He appears to have been chaplain to Lord Petre, baron of Writtle, to whose family, as he remarks, he was indebted for all he possessed in this world. He died in Essex on 4 March (O.S.) 1730–1.
His works are:
* 'The shortest Way to end disputes about Religion. The Answer to all Objections against Infallibility contained in a book entitled The Case Stated' (between the Church of Rome and the Church of England. By C. Leslie). Two parts, Brussels, Antwerp, 1716, 8vo; another edition, Brussels, 1716, 8vo. In the latter edition the errata are corrected and part ii. is without title-page; reprinted, Dublin, 1827, 12mo. A reply appeared under the title of 'A Treatise of infallibility … By a Presbyter of the suffering Church of Scotland,' Edinburgh, 1762, 8vo.
* 'Modern Controversy; or, a plain and rational Account of the Catholick Faith: in three parts,' 1720, 8vo.
* 'The Case Stated between the Church of Rome and the Church of England, in a second Conversation betwixt a Roman Catholick Lord and a Gentleman of the Church of England,' sine loco, 1721, 8vo (anon.); reprinted, with an address by Richard Coyne, under the title of 'The celebrated Answer to the Rev. C. Lesley's Case … printed word for word, and refuted sentence after sentence,' Dublin, 1839 and 1842, 12mo.
* 'England's Conversion and Reformation compared, or the Young Gentleman directed in the Choice of his Religion' (anon.), Antwerp, 1725, 8vo; ​reprinted, Belfast, 1817, 8vo; first American edition, Lancaster, 1818, 12mo. A reply by Joseph Trapp, D.D., appeared under the title of 'The Church of England defended against the Calumnies and False Reasonings of the Church of Rome,' London, 1727, 8vo. This elicited from Manning
* 'A Single Combat, or personal dispute between Mr. Trapp and his anonymous antagonist … Whether Mr. Trapp or the Author [of 'England's Conversion and Reformation compared'] has writ nonsense?' Antwerp, 1728, 8vo.
* 'The Rise and Fall of the Heresy of Iconoclasts, or Image-Breakers. Being a brief Relation of the Lives and Deaths of those Emperors of the East, who first set it up … or … oppos'd it. From the year 717 to 867. Collected by R. M.,' London, 1731, 8vo (cf. Notes and Queries, 4th ser. i. 32).
* 'Moral Entertainments on the most important Practical Truths of the Christian Religion,' 3 vols. London, 1742, 12mo. Dedicated to Lord Petre.
A posthumous publication. A treatise 'Of Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary,' extracted from this work, was published at London, 1787, 12mo.
[Dodd's Church Hist. iii. 488; Gillow's Bibl. Dict. vol. i. Preface p. xiii; Cat. of Library of Trin. Coll. Dublin; Notes and Queries, 1st ser. xi. 28.]
T. C.