OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Woman of the Century/Caroline M. Churchill

​CAROLINE M CHURCHILL. CHURCHILL, Mrs. Caroline M., editor and publisher, born in the township of Pickering, in the Upper Province of Canada, 23rd December, 1833. She lived with her parents in the township Of Whitley until thirteen years of age, and was then sent to Lockport, N. Y., to attend school. How her father, Barber Nichols, came to settle in Canada is a matter not clearly understood by the family, as he was born in Providence, R. I., and served in the war of 1812, for which he drew a pension. He lived to be 100 years old. Her mother is now over ninety years old and drawing a widow's pension for the father's service in 1812. Her father was a prosperous tradesman and a leading man fifty years ago in what is now called Ontario. His mother was French, his father English. The mother was Holland Dutch and German, transplanted to the State of Pennsylvania. Mrs. Churchill became the wife of a Canadian, who died in 1862. One daughter, born in 1852, is her only child. In 1869 Mrs. Churchill was attacked with what appeared to be the dread disease, consumption. California was chosen as the best place at that time to overcome a difficulty of that nature. Thither she repaired and took to canvassing for the sake of life in the open air. The result was such that her cough ceased and her health was restored. Her constitution is a light one, however, and without very favorable conditions much development is hardly possible. Mrs. Churchill's most notable public work during six years of traveling life in California was the defeat of Holland's social evil bill by a burlesque. She drew up a bill for the regulation and control of immoral men similar to that introduced for the regulation of the same class of women A member of the committee to whom the bill was submitted caused the burlesque to be printed and extensively circulated, creating a great deal of amusement at the expense of the advocate of Holland's bill. The latter was never heard from again. An assembly and senate attempted to get the same bill passed in Denver, Col., within a year or two. That burlesque was reprinted and placed upon the tables in both houses, and the bill was defeated. Mrs. Churchill has written two books which have had a sale of over fifty-thousand copies, a little descriptive work called "Little Sheaves," and a book of travel entitled "Over the Purple Hills." While traveling in Texas, she introduced a bill in the legislature, the import of which was to keep the "Police Gazette" from being sold upon the news stands in the State. The bill passed, was signed by Governor Roberts, and has been in force for fifteen years. Feeling the need of preparation for age, Mrs. Churchill settled in Denver, and there established the "Colorado Antelope," a monthly. After publishing it for three years, the paper was changed to a weekly, the "Queen Bee," in 1879. She is a good speaker, but, from press of work in making a home for herself, she has had little opportunity to become known in the lecture field. Mrs. Churchill is by nature aggressively progressive.
# Woman of the Century/Caroline M. Clark Woodward

​WOODWARD, Mrs. Caroline M. Clark, temperance worker, born in Mignon, near Milwaukee, Wis., November 17th, 1840. Her father, Jonathan M. Clark, was a Vermonter of English descent, who, born in 1812, of Revolutionary parentage, inherited an intense American patriotism. Her mother, Mary Turch Clark, of German and French ancestry, was born and bred on the banks of the Hudson river. Both were persons of more than ordinary education and, though burdened with the cares of a family of one son and seven daughters, were life-long students. Caroline was the oldest daughter. She attended the district school in a log house till seventeen years of age. To that was added one year of study in German in a private school. At the age of eight years she was considered quite a prodigy in her studies. At the age of seventeen she began to teach. After two years of study in the Milwaukee high school under John G. McKidley, famed as a teacher and organizer of educational work, she taught in the public schools of that city. She became the wife of William W. Woodward in 1861. For eighteen years they made their home on a farm near Milwaukee, a favorite resort for a large number of cultivated friends and acquaintances. In 1879 they removed to Seward, Neb., where they still reside. Since 1875 she has been engaged in public affairs, serving as secretary of the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society and as president of the Milwaukee district association. She has been identified with the same work in Nebraska. In 1882 she entered the field of temperance as a newspaper writer, and she has shown herself a consistent and useful Worker in that cause and in all the reformations of the times. In 1884 she was elected treasurer of the Nebraska Woman's Christian Temperance Union, and in 1887 vice-president-at-large of the State, which office she still holds. In 1887 she was appointed organizer for the National Woman's Christian Temperance Union, and was twice reappointed. In the Atlanta convention she was elected associate superintendent of the department of work among railroad employee. She has been a member of each national convention of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union since and including the memorable St. Louis convention of 1884. She was a delegate to the National Prohibiton Party Convention of 1888, held in Indianapolis. She was nominated by that party for regent of the State University in 1891, and led the State ticket by a handsome vote. Mrs. Woodward is one of the clearest, most logical and forcible speakers in the West.
# Woman of the Century/Caroline Horton Bell

​BELL, Mrs. Caroline Horton, philanthropist, born in Windham. Green county, N. Y., 28th December, 1840. Her father, Rev. Goodrich Horton, was a minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church, a descendant of the Goodriches. one of those earnest, pious, old colonial families. Her mother, whose maiden name was Lydia Fairchild, was a granddaughter of John Fairchild, an officer in the war of the Revolution, and also of Joseph Wood worth, a soldier in the same way. She received a liberal education in a seminary in Springfield, Mass. Miss Horton was married nth October, 1866, to Samuel R. Bell, and they settled in Milwaukee, Wis., where they have since resided. Mr Bell was a soldier of the Rebellion, enlisting in the 28th Wisconsin Regiment and winning an honorable record. Soon after the formation of the department of the Wisconsin Woman's Relief Corps Auxiliary of the Grand Army of the Republic, Mrs. Bell became prominently connected with the order and has filled a number of positions in that organization. The work she has been enabled to accomplish in that line is important. She was a charter member of E. B. Wolcott Corps, served two years as its chaplain, and nearly two as its president, at which time she was also elected department president. Aside from the work of the Woman's Relief Corps, she has been prominently connected with various other charities of Milwaukee. She was a member of the Benevolent Society upon its organization, and afterward of the Associated Charities. She was one of the founders of the first kindergarten established in that city, and for a long time was one of the directors of the Home of the Friendless, and has been a director of the Home CAROLINE MORTON BELL. of the Aged since its organization. She was president of the aid society of Calvary Presbyterian Church for several years, during which time she assisted in raising money for the Young Men's ​Christian Association building, and assisted in establishing a mission kindergarten on the west side of Milwaukee.
# Woman of the Century/Caroline Lavinia S. Harrison

​HARRISON, Mrs. Caroline Lavinia Scott, wife of Benjamin Harrison, twenty-third President of the United States, was born in Oxford, Ohio, 1st October, 1832. She is the daughter of the Rev. John Witherspoon Scott and Mary Neal Scott. She was educated in the Female Institute of Oxford, where her father was a professor and teacher. Carrie Scott became the wife of Benjamin Harrison, a rising young lawyer and former fellow-pupil, in Oxford, 20th October, 1853. In 1854 they removed to Indianapolis, Ind., and began housekeeping in a very modest way, while Mr. Harrison devoted himself to the practice of the law in such a vigorous and manly fashion as soon to attract the ​attention of the bar in the community Two children are the offspring of their union. Russell H , and Mary Scott Harrison, now Mrs. McKee. Mrs. Harrison has always been a home-loving woman, of a CAROLINE LAVINIA SCOTT HARRISON. decidedly domestic turn, and noted for her perfect housekeeping. Well born and educated, she has kept pace with her husband intellectually, and has always taken an intelligent interest in all that pertained to his business or success in life. Since her husband's inauguration as President and her installation as mistress, the White House has gone through a thorough course of repairs, such as it never experienced before, notable as were several of its former occupants for good housekeeping. The results are very gratifying and greatly enhance the convenience and comfort of the household. Mrs. Harrison will go on record as the warm advocate of the extension of the family part of the executive buildings, which have long since ceased to equal the residences of wealthy representative citizens in Washington and other places. Mrs. Harrison comes of good Revolutionary stock, and she is the first president chosen to preside over the Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution, which she does with much grace and dignity. Mrs. Harrison's administration will be remembered for her patronage of art. While not highly gifted with artistic ability herself, she does very clever work in both water-color and on china, and several struggling young artists owe much of their success to her patronage. She is not fond of public and official social life, its responsibilities being somewhat onerous to her, but she enjoys the society of her friends. In religion she is a Presbyterian. She is quietly interested in all that tends to build up the interests of the Church of the Covenant, where the family attend. Mrs. Harrison's character can be summed up in a few words. She is a well born, well educated woman of the domestic type, an interested patron of art, who also numbers among her chosen friends many persons distinguished for literary ability or high personal character. While she has enjoyed living in the White House, it has been as a woman of conservative character, who felt the responsibilities of her station more than she was uplifted by its honors and privileges.
# Woman of the Century/Cassie Ward Mee

​MEE, Mrs. Cassie Ward, labor champion, born in Kingston, Out., Canada, 16th October, 1848. Her parents and ancestors belonged to the Society of Friends, many of whom were and are prominent and accredited ministers of the society. She was educated and followed teaching for several years in her native city. She came with her husband, Charles Mee, to the United States and settled in Cortland, N. Y., in 1882, where the family now reside. She has gained considerable prominence by her writings. Several years ago she first appeared on the public platform in the cause of temperance. She is a member of the Order of Rebecca, and in 1886 she became a member of Peter Cooper Assembly, No. 3,172, Knights of Labor of Cortland. In August, 1885, she first spoke on the labor question, and her speeches gave her prominence as an advocate of labor. On 12th August, 1886, she addressed ten-thousand people on Boston Common. She received a splendid illuminated address from the Knights of Labor of Kingston, Canada, in token of ​their appreciation of an address made by her in that city, 14th March, 1887. She has lectured extensively among the miners of Pennsylvania. She is an earnest and powerful speaker and a great CASSIE WARD MEE. admirer of the principles of the Knights of Labor. Her work is the education of the members of that powerful organization.
# Woman of the Century/Catharine Nobles

​NOBLES, Miss Catharine, club woman, born in New Orleans. La. She is a daughter of the late Charles H. Nobles, a native of Providence, R. I., who moved to New Orleans in early life. CATHARINE NOBLES. He married a woman belonging to a patriotic Irish family, and the daughter inherited literary inclinations and talents from both parents. Miss Nobles' humanitarian views are inherited from her father, who was one of the founders of the Howard Association of New Orleans, and was an officer of that body until his death, in 1869. He rendered valuable assistance in the various epidemics that fell upon New Orleans and the adjoining country in the years ​1837 up to 1867. The daughter was educated mainly in St. Simeon's school, in New Orleans. Her love of literature was displayed early in life. Over her own name and also anonymously she has contributed, to both nothern and southern journals, sketches, as well as articles devoted to the general advancement of women. She has been prominent in club life in New Orleans and has become widely known as a club woman. She served as secretary of the Woman's Club of New Orleans and of the Women's League of Louisiana. In 1889 she was one of the two southern women who attended the March convention of Sorosis in New York. The other southern representative was a delegate from Tennessee. !n that convention Miss Nobles presented a comprehensive report of the work done by the New Orleans Woman's Club. In the general federation of woman's clubs, held in Chicago, May, 1892, Miss Nobles was elected one of the board of directors of that national body of women, to serve for the ensuing two years. Her life is devoted to the advancement of women in every possible way.
# Woman of the Century/Catharine Waugh McCulloch

​McCULLOCH, Mrs. Catharine Waugh, lawyer, born in Ransomville, Niagara county, N. Y., 4th June, 1862. In 1867 her parents removed to Winnebago county, Ill., where she lived on a farm until she entered the Rockford Seminary. She was graduated from that institution in 1882 at the head of her class, and afterwards took a post-graduate course and received the CATHARINE WAUGH McCULLOCH. degree of M.A.. in the same school. She then devoted some time to temperance work, in the lecture field. She was graduated from the Union College of Law, Chicago, Ill., and was admitted to the bar in 1886. She practiced law in Rockford, Ill., from that time until her marriage, on 30th May, 1890, with a former classmate in the Union College of Law, Frank H. McCulloch, since which time both have been engaged in the practice of law in Chicago, under the firm name McCulloch & McCulloch. She is much interested in all moral reforms, especially in temperance and equal suffrage, and gives as much time as she can spare from her business and her home to that kind of work. In February, 1892, she addressed both senate and house of representatives in Illinois, in committees of the whole, on the suffrage question. Before a jury and on the lecture platform there is kindled in her a power entirely above what one would expect in one so gentle and womanly. She has an inexhaustible supply of courage and energy and is always at work. Her success is the result of her own exertions. Her family consists of one son.
# Woman of the Century/Catherine A. Fay Ewing

​EWING, Mrs. Catherine A. Fay, educator and philanthropist, born in Westboro, Mass., 18th July, 1822. Her parents were in comfortable circumstances and, desiring a more liberal education for their children removed to Marietta, Ohio, in i8}6, where they could have the advantage of both college and female seminary. On her father's side Mrs. Ewing is descended from Huguenot ancestry. His mother was a woman of rare piety, and through her influence her twelve children became Christians in early life. Mrs. Ewing's mother was of Scotch descent, and in the long line of Christian ancestors there were many ministers and missionaries. All of her eleven children were devoted Christians. Two became ministers and two are deacons. Mrs. Ewing, from her eighteenth to her twentieth year, taught school in Ohio and then went as a CATHERINE A. FAY EWING. missionary among the Choctaw Indians for ten years, upon her return to Ohio, in 1857, she founded a home for destitute children, of which she had control for nine years. Through her efforts the ​Ohio Legislature passed a bill in Columbus, which entitled every county to establish a Children's Home. In 1866 she became the wife of A. S. D. Ewing. She has since devoted much time and labor to the children about her, teaching a large infant class in the Sabbath-school and also establishing a sewing-school. She is the author of a comprehensive historical report on the origin and growth of the children's home movement in Washington county, Ohio.
# Woman of the Century/Carrie Stevens Walter

​WALTER, Mrs. Carrie Stevens, educator and poet, born in Savannah. Mo., 27th April, 1846. ​She went to the Pacific coast with her parents ten years later, and has since lived in California. She inherited her poetic talent from her father, the late Josiah E. Stevens, a man of gentle, imaginative CARRIE STEVENS WALTER. temperament, who was at one time a leading Mason and prominent politician of California. Carrie is the oldest of six children, and at an early age showed her leaning toward literary pursuits. She was carefully educated in the Oakland Seminary, and at eighteen years of age was the valedictorian of the first graduating class of that institution. Many of her verses had already found their way into leading periodicals of the coast. She soon achieved a popularity that was unique, even in that period of exaggerated personality in California's social circles. Some years ago she entered the communion of the Roman Catholic Church. Her maternal love has found expression in numerous poems of exquisite tenderness. It is this sympathetic appreciation of children that has made Mrs. Walter one of California's most successful teachers. Several years ago she laid aside her school-work, in which she had labored for twenty years, and has since devoted to literature all the time and strength she could spare from the care of her four children. In 1886 her "Santa Barbara Idyl" was published in book form. She has done and is now doing much newspaper and magazine work. In her prose productions her descriptions of California scenery are inimitable. Her present home is in Santa Clara county.
# Woman of the Century/Carrie M. Shoaff

​SHOAFF, Mrs. Carrie M., artist and inventor, born in Huntington, Ind., 2nd April, 1849. She developed artistic talents at an early age, and after learning to draw and paint she turned her attention to plastic art. She invented a method of manufacturing imitation Limoges ware, which is utilized in the making of advertising signs, plaques and other forms. In that art she uses common clay and a glaze of her own invention, and the results are surprisingly fine. She established a school in Fort Wayne, Ind., and trained a large number of students. Many business firms have given her orders for souvenirs and advertising plaques, made of her materials and from her designs, and her reputation has spread through the United ​States. She teaches women the art of using common clay and turning out imitations of the Limoges ware that almost defy detection, even by connoisseurs. She has received numerous invitations to open art-schools in New York and other large cities, but she remains in Fort Wayne, earning both fame and money. CARRIE M. SHOAFF. She teaches her classes the art of digging, preparing and modeling their own clay, the art of ornamenting the pieces properly, and the secret of glazing the finished wares into perfect copies of the fired wares. She has opened a new field, in which woman's ingenuity and artistic tastes may find profitable employment.
# Woman of the Century/Carrie Renfrew

​RENFREW, Miss Carrie, poet and biographer, was born in Marseilles. Ill. She is a daughter of the late Silvester Renfrew, one of the pioneer settlers of Hastings, Neb., who died in 1888. She is one of a family of five children. CARRIE RENFREW. She was carefully educated and reared in a refined and cultured atmosphere. She received all the educational advantages of her native town, and she has supplemented tier school course with a wide course in reading. In childhood she was a thinker, a dreamer and a philosopher with a poetic turn of mind, but she did not "lisp in numbers" She waited until reason was ready to go hand in hand with rhyme, and then she began to write verses. She had not studied the art of rhyming, and some of her first productions showed the crudity to be expected where there was a lack of training in modes of expression. In spite of all drawbacks of that kind, she wrote well enough to attract attention, and her maturer work leaves nothing to be desired in the matter of form. In 1885 she became a contributor to the Chicago "Inter-Ocean," the "Woman's Tribune" and other prominent journals. In 1800 she began to contribute to the "Magazine of Poetry," and her poems have found wide currency. Her prose work includes a large number of biographies of prominent Nebraska women for this volume. She has written much in verse, and her work shows steady advancement in quality. She stands among the foremost of the literary women in Nebraska.
# Woman of the Century/Catharine H. T. Avery

​CATHRINE HITCHCOCK TILDEN AVERY. AVERY, Mrs. Catharine Hitchcock Tilden, author and educator, born in Monroe, Mich., 13th December, 1844. She is the daughter of Hon. Junius Tilden, formerly a prominent lawyer of that State. She was educated in the Framingham Normal School, in Massachusetts, graduating in 1S67. In 1S70, she was married to Dr. Elroy M. Avery. He was for several years principal of the East high schixil and City Normal School, of Cleveland, Ohio, in which positions his wife was his mot able assistant. Dr. Avery is the author of many text-l>ooks, notably a series on natural philosophy and chemistry. He is now engaged in historical research and writing, in which Mrs. Avery is his efficient helper. She is president of the East End Conversational, a club organized in 1878 and comprising many of the bright women of the city. She is a member of the executive committee of the Art and History Club and also of the Cleveland Woman's Press Club. She w as a delegate from the latter club to the International League of Press Clubs, 1892, and took part in the journey from New York to the Golden Gate. Her letters descriptive of the trip were published in the Cleveland "Leader and Herald." She is the regent of the Cleveland Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution. Four of her ancestors served in the Continental Congress and the cause of freedom. Col. John Bailey, of the Second Massachusetts Regiment, was at Bunker Hill and Monmouth, crossed the Delaware with Washington, and was at Gates's side in the northern campaign which ended in Burgoyne's surrender. The Ciad Hitchcocks, father and son, served as chaplain and as surgeon. The elder Gad, in 1774. preached an election sermon in which he advocated the cause of the Colonies and brought forth the wrath of Gage and the thanks of the Massachusetts General Court. Samuel Tilden, private from Marshfield, and member of the Committee of Safety, completes the list of her Revolutionary ancestors. Descended from six of the "Mayflower" band, she is proud of the Pilgrim blood that (lows in her veins. She has been for twenty years a member of the Euclid Avenue Congregational Church of Cleveland. Mrs. Avery's father died in the spring of 1861. Her husband, when a boy of sixteen years, went to the war, in 1861, with the first company that left his native town. He was mustered out of service in August. 1865.