OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The New International Encyclopædia/Falkland Islands

Edition of 1905. See also Falkland Islands on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ FALKLAND ISLANDS. A Crown colony of Great Britain in the South Atlantic, consisting of the two large islands of East and West Falkland, a large number of small islands, mostly uninhabited, and the uninhabited island of South Georgia (Map: South America, E 8). The Falkland Archipelago is situated between latitudes 51° and 52° 45′ S. and longitudes 57° 20′ and 61° 46′ W., about 300 miles east of the Strait of Magellan (Map: South America, D 8). Its entire area is estimated at about 7500 square miles. The surface is generally low and barren, with some elevation toward the north. The coasts are indented by numerous well-protected harbors. The climate is not unhealthful, but disagreeable on account of strong winds and drizzling rains. The soil yields little more than grass, which grows in abundance. The chief occupation is sheep-farming, and the principal exports are wool, hides, and tallow. The trade is mainly with Great Britain and Uruguay. The annual value of the commerce exceeds $1,000,000, of which about two-thirds consists of exports. The colony is administered by a governor and two councils. Population, about 2000.
The Falkland Islands are supposed to have been visited by Davis in 1592. They received their name from Captain Strong, who sailed through Falkland Strait in 1690. The French established a settlement there in 1763, but were soon expelled by the British, who were in turn driven out by the Spanish. Until 1833 the islands remained under the nominal control of the Republic of Argentina. In 1833 the British again took possession of the group, and established the present colony in 1851, not without some protest on the part of Argentina. The chief town of the colony, Stanley, has a population of less than a thousand. Consult: British Empire Series (London, 1900); Murdoch, From Edinburgh to the Antarctic, 1892-93 (London, 1894).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Falköping

Edition of 1905. See also Falköping on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ FALKÖPING, fäl′kẽ-pĭng. A small town and railway junction in Skaraborg, Sweden. Population, about 2800. It is the scene of the victory in 1389 of Margaret, Queen of Denmark and Norway, over Albert of Mecklenburg, King of Sweden. Her victory enabled Margaret to unite Sweden with the other kingdoms. See on the Union of Kalmar, under Kalmar.
# The Motorway Code/Introduction

​Britain's Motorways differ from other roads. They have no sharp bends, roundabouts, traffic lights or crossroads. Drivers joining or leaving the Motorway always do so from the left. Crossing traffic or right-turning vehicles are carried either above or below.
Motorways are restricted roads. They are not open to pedal cyclists, learner drivers, mopeds, invalid carriages, animals, slow-moving oversized loads (except by special permission) or agricultural vehicles.
Safety on the Motorways is of first importance, especially since average speeds will be higher than those on other roads. So it is essential for all who use them to adapt their driving habits to the special conditions and to observe certain rules. These rules are set out in this supplement to the Highway Code. Some of them look forward to the Motorways now being built, and do not apply in full to the Preston By-Pass. But, taken as a whole, they constitute your code of conduct for our Motorways.
# The Motorway Code/Leaving

Leaving the Motorway
32 If you are not travelling to the end of the motorway, watch for the signs warning you of your point of exit; the first sign will be one mile in advance of the slip road to your left, the second half a mile in advance and a third at the exit.
33 To leave a motorway at one of the intermediate exit points, get into the left-hand lane in good time, stay in it, and give a left-turn signal well before you reach the slip road.
34 Reduce speed as necessary in the deceleration lane on the approach to the slip road and not on the motorway itself.
35 To reach a destination to the right of the motorway, you will leave by a slip road on your left. Watch for signs near a junction off the motorway, directing you to the right of the motorway via an underpass or bridge.
36 If you miss your exit continue along the carriageway until the next exit.
37 When you leave the motorway, remember to adapt your driving to the different conditions of the ordinary road system.
# The Mound

A heavily abridged version was published in the November 1940 issue of Weird Tales, and the full text was finally published in 1989.

### Contents

* Read all chapters
* Part I
* Part II
* Part III
* Part IV
* Part V
* Part VI
* Part VII
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was legally published within the United States (or the United Nations Headquarters in New York subject to Section 7 of the United States Headquarters Agreement) before 1964, and copyright was not renewed.
* For Class A renewal records (books only) published between 1923 and 1963, check the Stanford University Copyright Renewal Database.
* For other renewal records of publications between 1922–1950, see the University of Pennsylvania copyright records.
* For all records since 1978, search the U.S. Copyright Office records.
Works published in 1929 could have had their copyright renewed in 1956 or 1957, i.e. between January 1st of the 27th year after publication or registration and December 31st of the 28th year. As this work's copyright was not renewed, it entered the public domain on January 1st, 1958.
The longest-living author of this work died in 1968, so this work is in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 55 years or less. This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
It is imperative that contributors ascertain that there is no evidence of a copyright renewal before using this license. Failure to do so will result in the deletion of the work as a copyright violation.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The Motorway Code/Joining

Joining the Motorway
4 Look out for the direction signs at the approaches to a motorway so as to avoid joining the wrong carriageway.
5 GIVE WAY TO TRAFFIC ALREADY ON THE MOTORWAY
6 When joining a motorway at an intermediate access point, you will approach it from the slip road on the left. Watch for a safe gap between vehicles in the near side traffic lane on the motorway and increase your speed in the acceleration lane to the speed of traffic in the near side lane before joining it.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Gildersleeve, Basil Lanneau

Edition of 1906. See also Basil Lanneau Gildersleeve on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
GILDERSLEEVE, gĭl'dẽr-slēv, Basil Lanneau (1831—). A distinguished American classical scholar, born at Charleston, S. C. He graduated from Princeton in 1849, and then studied in Germany at the Universities of Berlin, Bonn, and Göttingen, receiving the degree of Ph.D. from the last place in 1853. Upon his return to the United States he was called to be professor of Greek in the University of Virginia, a position which he held from 1856 to 1876. He was also professor of Latin, 1861-66. In 1876 he was appointed to the professorship of Greek at Johns Hopkins University, which position he continues to hold at the present time. He has been the editor of the American Journal of Philology since its establishment, in 1880, and by his own writings has made valuable contributions to the syntax of Greek and Latin and to the history of Greek literature. On his seventieth birthday some of his former pupils, most of them professors in universities, published a collection of their Studies, an octavo volume of more than 500 pages (Baltimore, 1902). He has published numerous works: A Latin Grammar (1867. 1894, 1899); Persius (1875); Justin Martyr (1877); Pindar (1885); Essays and Studies (1890); Greek Syntax, part i. (1900). He received the degree of
LL.D. from William and Mary (1869) and Harvard (1896); D.C.L., University of the South (1884); L.H.D., Yale (1891), Princeton (1899).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Gilderoy

Edition of 1906. See also the disclaimer.
GILDEROY, gĭl'dẽr-oi. The romantic hero of a ballad preserved in Percy's Reliques, and a veritable character. Patrick of the Clan Gregor, in the annals of Perthshire, who was hanged as a highwayman, with five of his companions, in 1638. It was his boast that he had picked Cardinal Richelieu's pocket, robbed Cromwell, and hanged a judge.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Gneiss

Edition of 1906. See also Gneiss on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
GNEISS (Ger., probably connected with OHG. gneista, Icel. gneisti, AS. gnāst, Eng. gnast, spark). A family of rocks belonging to the metamorphic series, and resembling granite in composition. Gneisses are granular aggregates of feldspar and quartz, with mica, hornblende, or pyroxene, and some of the rarer metals. Their structure is characterized by a parallel arrangement of the constituents: the light and dark minerals alternate in-bands or layers, which are sometimes so regular and distinct as to give the appearance of stratification. Owing to this peculiarity, many geologists hold that they are metamorphosed sediments. There is conclusive evidence, however, that the parallel arrangement may be brought about in rocks of truly igneous origin, either as a result of movements of the constituents while the magma is in process of solidification, or by compression and shearing strains after the rock mass has solidified. Some gneisses, doubtless, have resulted from the metamorphism of sediments; but in such cases the proof is not based primarily upon the gneissoid character. Neither the igneous nor the sedimentary theory of origin is to be accepted for gneisses as a class, and each occurrence must be studied by itself. For this reason, geologists have come
to use the term gneiss in its structural sense, without implying anything further as to origin or constituent minerals. When it is desired to define the composition of a particular type, other rock names are united with the term; for example, granite-gneiss, syenite-gneiss, gabbro-gneiss, or granitic gneiss, syenitic gneiss, gabbroic gneiss. Gneisses are the most widely distributed of metamorphic rocks (q.v.), and are found underlying the earliest sediments in almost all parts of the world. Consult: Kemp, Handbook of Rocks (New York, 1900); Rosenbusch, Mikroskopische Physiographie der Mineralien und Gesteine (Stuttgart, 1896). See Geology.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Gilman, Daniel Coit

Edition of 1906. See also Daniel Coit Gilman on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
GILMAN, Daniel Coit (1831—). An American educator. Born in Norwich, Conn. He came from a New Hampshire family which migrated from Norfolk, England, in 1638. After graduation at Yale in 1852, he studied and traveled in Europe. In 1855 he entered the service of his alma mater and remained in it until 1872, as librarian, professor of physical and political geography, and secretary of the Sheffield Scientific School. He then was made president of the University of California. In 1875 he was called to the presidency of the newly founded Johns Hopkins University of Baltimore, and retained this office for twenty-five years. After his resignation he was chosen president of the Carnegie Institution of Washington. He also served as president of many educational and philanthropic associations, and received many honorary diplomas. President Cleveland appointed him one of the commissioners to determine the true boundaries of Venezuela; he served as one of the Charter Commission of Baltimore; and was
made president of the National Civil Service Reform League, and of the American Oriental Society. As a member of three boards — the Peabody, the Slater, and the General Education Board — he became active in the promotion of education in the South. His publications include a large number of reports and magazine articles, an introduction to Lieber's minor writings, an introduction to De Tocqueville's Democracy in America, a volume of speeches and essays entitled University Problems, a small volume on Science and Letters in Yale, and a memoir of James Dwight Dana, the geologist. To the American Statesmen Series he contributed a memoir of President Monroe. In 1901 he became one of the three general editors of the New International Encyclopædia. — His brother, Edward Whiting (1823-1900), was born at Norwich, Conn., graduated at Yale University in 1843, and, after studying theology at the Union Theological Seminary and the Yale Divinity School, became a Congregational minister. For twenty years prior to his death he was corresponding secretary of the American Bible Society, being chiefly concerned with its wide foreign correspondence.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Gilder, Richard Watson

Edition of 1906. See also Richard Watson Gilder on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
GILDER, Richard Watson (1844— ). An American poet and editor. He was born in Bordentown, N. J., February 8, 1844, the son of the Rev. William Henry Gilder, at whose seminary in Flushing, Long Island, he was educated. During the Civil War, while a student of law in Philadelphia, he served as a private in Landis's Battery at the time of the invasion of Pennsylvania. After some experience in editorial work, he, with Newton Crane, founded the Newark Register, and later was editor of Hours at Home, and afterwards assistant editor of Scribner's Monthly, into which the former was merged. In 1881 he succeeded Dr. Holland as editor-in-chief of the latter under its new name of the Century, a position which he still holds (1903). Mr. Gilder takes an active interest in all public affairs, especially those which tend toward reform and good government, and is a member of many New York clubs. He was one of the founders of the Society of American Artists, of the Authors Club, and of the International Copyright League; also chairman of the New York Tenement House Commission of 1894. He was first president of the New York Kindergarten Association; vice-president
and acting president of the City Club of New York; president of the Public Art League of the United States; a member of council of the National Civil Service Reform League; a founder of the Anti-Spoils League; and a member of the American Institute of Arts and Letters. He has published volumes of poems, as follows: The New Day (1875); The Celestial Passion; Lyrics; Two Worlds; The Great Remembrance (these in one volume); Five Books of Song (1894); For the Country (a selection, 1897); In Palestine, and Other Poems (1898); and Poems and Inscriptions (1901).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Gneist, Rudolf von

Edition of 1906. See also Heinrich Rudolf Hermann Friedrich von Gneist on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
GNEIST, gnīst, Rudolf von (1816-95). A German jurist and statesman, born in Berlin, August 13, 1816. He was graduated from the University of Berlin, and while occupying the post of lecturer in the university practiced the profession of law. In 1844 he became professor extraordinary of jurisprudence, and in 1850 he resigned his position as assistant judge of the Superior Court to devote himself more exclusively to teaching. In 1858 he became a member of the Lower Prussian House, where he served till 1893. He was prominent as a Liberal in that body and in the Reichstag, of which he was a member from 1867 to 1884. Gneist was an active member of the Liberal opposition, and subsequently of the National Liberal Party, among whom his profound scholarship made him an intellectual leader. Several of his ablest works relate to the English Constitution, which he greatly admired, and which he studied and cited as a model in the discussion of German affairs. His first notable work was Geschichte und heutige Gestalt der Aemter in England (1857). Other important works of special interest to English students, and appearing in English translations, are: Englische Verfassungsgeschichte (1882) and Das Englische Parlament (1886). He also wrote Der Rechtsstaat (1872), and numerous other works on the history of jurisprudence and legislation. Consult Gierke, Rudolf von Gneist (Berlin, 1895).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Gnesen

Edition of 1906. See also Gniezno on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
GNESEN, gnā'zen (Pol. Gniezno). A town in the Province of Posen, Prussia, capital of a circle of the same name, situated in a district abounding in hills and lakes, 31 miles east-northeast of Posen (Map: Prussia, G 2). Its old and noteworthy cathedral, begun in the tenth century, is adorned with fine paintings, bronze doors, and chapels, and contains the tomb of Saint Adalbert, who was bishop here. There are also an archiepiscopal palace, a theological seminary, and a gymnasium. The manufactures include machinery, lumber, sugar, and flour. Tradition fixes the year 550 as the date of the foundation of Gnesen, the oldest town in Poland. It became an archiepiscopal seat in 1000, and during the Middle Ages was for a time the residence of the Polish kings, who were crowned here until 1320. The archbishops of Gnesen were primates of the realm and acted as vicars during the frequent interregnums. Population, in 1890, 18,088; in 1900, 21,693, one-half being Poles.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Gilder, William Henry

Edition of 1906. See also William Henry Gilder on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
GILDER, William Henry (1838-1900). An American Arctic explorer, born in Philadelphia, Pa. At the beginning of the Civil War he enlisted in the Fifth New York Infantry (Duryea's Zouaves), subsequently was transferred to the Fortieth, and was mustered out with the rank of captain and brevet major. In 1871-77 he was managing editor of the Newark Register, and in 1878-80 was second in command on the expedition of Lieutenant Schwatka in search of the relics of Sir John Franklin. He accompanied the De Long expedition on the Rodgers under Captain Berry, and after the burning of the vessel on the western shore of Bering Strait, made a midwinter journey of nearly 2000 miles across Siberia to telegraph to the Government the news of the disaster. He afterwards participated in the search for De Long in the Lena Delta. In 1883 he was in Tonquin during the French-Anamese War, and in 1884 visited the region of the earthquakes in Spain. On his expeditions and travels he was a correspondent of the New York Herald. He published Schwatka's Search (1881), and Ice-Pack and Tundra (1883).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Jayme I. and II.

Edition of 1905. See also the disclaimer.
JAYME I. AND II. Kings of Aragon. See James.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Jersey, The

Edition of 1905. See also HMS Jersey (1736) on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ JERSEY, The. The hulk of a 64-gun vessel in Wallabout Bay, Brooklyn, used by the British as a prison ship during the Revolution. The ship was never cleaned, and for seven years was a centre of disease. It held 1200 prisoners. During her use as a prison ship 11,000 died and were buried on the Brooklyn shore. In 1902 the sunken hulk was discovered during operations connected with the building of a dock on the spot.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Jayadéva

Edition of 1905. See also Jayadeva on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
JAYADÉVA, jä'yȧ-dā'vȧ (c.1200 A.D.). A Hindu poet, born at Kindubilva, Kenduli. His only extant Sanskrit work, a lyric drama called Gītagōvinda, or Song of the Cowherd, treats of the love, estrangement, and reconciliation of Krishna and the milkmaid Radha. The poem, which is in twelve cantos of artistically varied metrical structure, was presumably based on Prakrit originals, and is notable for its vivid portrayal of the emotions. At a later time it was interpreted as a religious allegory. Lassen (Bonn, 1836) published the text, with Latin translation and notes, and native editions are numerous, as those by Vidyasagara (Calcutta, 1882), and by Telang and Pansikar (Bombay, 1899). Sir William Jones (London, 1799) and Sir Edwin Arnold (The Indian Song of Songs, London, 1875) have translated the poem into English, the latter from the allegorical point of view. There is also a German version of part of the drama by Rückert (Göttingen, 1837). Jayadéva likewise wrote a poem in Hindi, which was published, with a translation by Trumpp, in the Sitzungsberichte der bairischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (Munich, 1879).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Jersey Cattle

Edition of 1905. See also the disclaimer.
​ JERSEY CATTLE. See Cattle.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Jerseyville

Edition of 1905. See also Jerseyville, Illinois on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ JER′SEYVILLE. A city and the county-seat of Jersey County, Ill., 66 miles southwest of Springfield; on the Chicago and Alton and the Chicago, Peoria and Saint Louis railroads (Map: Illinois, B 4). It has a public library and a fine court-house. The county fair grounds are located here. The city is the centre of a fertile agricultural region, and carries on a considerable trade in produce, fruit, grain, live stock, etc. Settled in 1839, it was first incorporated in 1867. The government is administered under a revised charter of 1897, which provides for a mayor, elected biennially, and a council. Jerseyville owns its water-works. Population, in 1890, 3207; in 1900, 3517.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Jayhawker

Edition of 1905. See also Jayhawker on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
JAY'HAWKER. A name applied in the Southern and Western States of the American Union to an irregular, lawless, freebooting soldier not enlisted or in uniform — a guerrilla or bushranger. The term originated in Kansas during the bloody strife between the slavery and anti-slavery parties, and is said to have been first applied to a few isolated ‘Free State’ men in the southeastern part of the Territory, who organized a system of retaliation against pro-slavery outrages, but who ultimately became robbers and assassins. The term appeared in a proclamation of Gen. James Lane in October, 1861, in which he declared that the people of Kansas were neither thieves, plunderers, nor jayhawkers. The term was also applied by General Sheridan during the Reconstruction period to certain lawless persons in Louisiana. Its origin is not certainly known. According to one theory, it was first applied to Colonel Jennison, of New York, who was known among his comrades as the ‘Gay Yorker,’ a phrase from which jayhawker was corrupted. A more
probable theory is that the term was derived from jay and hawk in allusion to the predatory nature of these birds.