OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Original Fables of La Fontaine/The Elephant and Jupiter's Ape

XLVI
THE ELEPHANT AND JUPITER'S APE
(Book XII.—No. 21)
Once in the olden times the elephant and the rhinoceros disputed as to which was the more important, and which should, therefore, have empire over the other animals. They decided to settle the point by battle in an enclosed field.
The day was fixed, and all in readiness, when somebody came and informed them that Jupiter's ape, bearing a caduceus, had been seen in the air. The fact of his holding a caduceus proved him to be acting as official messenger from Olympus, and the elephant immediately took it for granted that the ape came as ambassador with greetings to his highness. Elated with this idea he waited for Gille, for that was the name of the ape, and thought him rather tardy in presenting his credentials. But at length Master Gille did ​salute his excellency as he passed, and the elephant prepared himself for the message. But not a word was forthcoming.
It was evident that the gods were not giving so much attention to these matters as the elephant supposed.
What does it matter to those in high places whether one is an elephant or a fly?
The would-be monarch was reduced to the necessity of opening the conversation himself. "My cousin Jupiter," he began, "will soon be able to watch a rather fine combat from his supreme throne, and his court will see some splendid sport."
"What combat?" asked the ape rather severely.
"What! Do you not know that the rhinoceros denies me precedence: that the Elephantidæ are at war with the Rhinocerotidæ? You surely know these families: they have some reputation."
"I am charmed to learn their names," replied Master Gille. "We are little concerned about such matters in our vast halls."
This shamed and surprised the elephant. "Eh! What, then, is the reason of your visit amongst us?"
"Oh, it was to divide a blade of grass between two ants. We care for all. As for your affair, nothing has been said about it in the council of the gods. The little and the great are equal in their eyes."
# The Original Fables of La Fontaine/The Ape

XLIV
THE APE
(Book XII.—No. 19)
There is an ape in Paris to whom a wife was once given; and he, imitating many another husband, beat the poor creature to such an extent that she sighed all the breath out of her body and died.
Their son uttered the most doleful howls as a protest to this terrible business.
The father laughs now. His wife is dead and he already has found other lady companions, whom, no doubt, he beats in the same way; for he haunts the taverns and is frequently tipsy.
Never expect anything good from people who imitate, whether they be apes or authors. Of the two the worst kind is the imitating author.
# The Life of Thomas Hardy (Brennecke)/Apology

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APOLOGY
IN putting together this biographical account it has been my hope to place at the disposal of Thomas Hardy’s readers some material which may add a certain amount of richness to those profound emotional experiences which are created by a sympathetic perusal of his imaginative works. I have purposed to accomplish this by means of description—of the man personally, with his simple human likes and hates; of his interesting ancestry; of his surroundings; of his experiences. Among the last I have included purely intellectual, purely artistic events and influences, as well as superficial, physical happenings.
This will indicate that the following pages include some account—even some comparative study—of Hardy’s books; possibly to the annoyance of those who seek in a "life" a complete divorcement from criticism, and a concentration on the sensational possibilities of the subject’s career.
There is, therefore, little "spice," and perhaps too little "story," in this book. For this lack there are several contributory causes: There was very little "story" in Hardy’s life. Very meagre information, regarding even that little, is possessed even by Hardy’s intimates. Hardy is at this moment still alive; to tell too much, even if one could, would be indelicate, impertinent.
Hardy was a man whose chief occupation was writing. ​He simply sat down and wrote. Other things which he did are unimportant, except in so far as they affected his writings. As far as his masterpiece, The Dynasts, is concerned, for instance, it is far more important to realize what Æschylus wrote in the Sixth Century B. C. than it is to know whether Hardy dipped his pen in black ink or lavender ink. Still, I admit that if I had discovered him writing, let us say, with a quill on pink paper, I would have retailed the observation here with great unction.
To read any author without prejudice is impossible, even for the dispassionately scientific literary chemists in the graduate schools of our universities. I have therefore not hesitated to exhibit mine. I have already shown my strong preference for Hardy’s poetry. Other examples of bias will be noticed. Many readers will disagree with me here and there. But to anticipate such disagreements would be to emasculate a largely personal record, such as this.
E. B. New York, December, 1924
# The Life of Thomas Hardy (Brennecke)

This biography of the English writer Thomas Hardy was written while its subject was still alive, and includes information gleaned from first-hand interviews with him. It also covers Hardy's ancestry, outside influences, and, in distinct chapters, his pre-writing life, his prose, his poetry, and his work on the closet-drama epic The Dynasts, which Brennecke considers Hardy's masterpiece. This book is a reflection of its time while also a seminal (if occasionally hagiographic) biography of one of the greatest late-Victorian English writers.
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THE LIFE OF THOMAS HARDY
by ERNEST BRENNECKE, Jr.
NEW YORK GREENBERG, PUBLISHER, INC. 1925
Copyright, 1925, by GREENBERG, PUBLISHER, INC. New York
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
The longest-living author of this work died in 1969, so this work is in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 54 years or less. This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The New Student's Reference Work/Dyment, Albert E.

See also Albert Edward Dyment on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Dyment, Albert E., born at Lynden, County of Wentworth, Ontario, 1869. His father English, his mother Scotch. Educated at Barrie Collegiate Institute and at Upper Canada College. A prosperous manufacturer and dealer in lumber. Elected for Algoma to the House of Commons in 1896 and in 1900 and for Algoma East in 1904. Is Honorary Lieutenant-Colonel of the 97th Regiment in 1907. A Liberal.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Dynamite

See also Dynamite on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Dynamite, from a Greek word meaning strength, is produced by mixing nitroglycerine with a kind of earth, known under its German name of keiselguhr. Nitroglycerine was discovered in 1846, but it was not till 20 years after that the experiments of Alfred Nobel, who combined it with the earth just mentioned, made it of practical importance. Dynamite has a reddish-brown color, and is about one part earth to three parts nitroglycerine. It burns with a yellowish flame and, in small quantities, without danger. The time of an explosion of a dynamite-cartridge is about the 24,000th part of a second. Dynamite is much used for breaking up bowlders, and is used under water as well as on land, the water causing the loss of only six per cent. of its power. For quarrying purposes gunpowder is generally used, as dynamite breaks up rock too much. Dynamite is also used in explosive shells that may be fired from guns of special construction, a dynamite gun having been invented in 1883. Unfortunately, it has been also employed for the destruction of life and property.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Dynamo

See also Dynamo on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Dynamo. See Electricity.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Dyaks

See also Dayak people on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Dyaks. See Borneo.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Dwina

See also Dvina on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Dwina (dwē′ nȧ), Dvina or Düna, the name of two important rivers of Russia. (1) The northern Dwina is formed by the coming together of the Sukhona and the Yuk. It flows in a general northwest direction through a flat country to the Gulf of Archangel. Its length is about 450 miles, and it has several large tributaries, the largest of which, the Viuchegda, is navigable for 500 miles. The river is a valuable channel of inland trade. (2) The western Dwina rises not far from the source of the Volga and the Dnieper, emptying into the Gulf of Riga. Its course is 500 miles long, part of which is navigable. It is connected with the Dnieper, and thus with the Black Sea, by the Beresina Canal, and by other systems with the Caspian Sea, the Neva and the Gulf of Finland.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Dwight, Timothy (2)

See also Timothy Dwight V on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Dwight, Timothy, grandson of the preceding, was born at Norwich, Conn., in 1828, and elected president of Yale University in 1886. He was a member of the American committee for the revision of the English version of the Bible. He published in 1872 The True Ideal of an American University.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Dynamometer

See also Dynamometer on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Dy′namom′eter, strictly an instrument to measure a force tending to produce motion. Thus, a spring-balance is sometimes called a dynamometer. The term, however, is commonly applied to an instrument to measure power. Power is rate of doing work. Work is force overcome through distance. The unit of work used in engineering is the work done in raising a pound-weight one foot against gravity, called a foot-pound. When a machine does work at the rate of 33,000 foot-pounds in one minute, the power is one horse-power (H. P.). The power-unit used by electricians is a kilowatt (K. W.), equal to 1⅓ H. P. A dynamometer is technically used in engineering for any device which measues H. P. One of the simplest and most common forms is the Prony brake. A block B is clamped fairly tight on the pulley O of the machine. The machine then does work against friction. The force is balanced by the weight W on the lever-arm AO. From the speed of rotation, the lever-arm and the force W, the power is directly calculated. For the many forms of dynamometers, see J. J. Flather’s text-book on Dynamometers. A wattmeter measures electrical power in watts. It is an instrument for measuring the product of the pressure (volts) and current (amperes), which gives the watts directly. The best known forms are those of Siemens and the modified forms of Weston.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Dwight, Timothy

See also Timothy Dwight IV on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Dwight, Timothy, a well-known American theologian and educator, was born in 1752, at Northampton, Mass., and was a grandson of Jonathan Edwards. He studied at Yale College, was a chaplain in the American army during the Revolution, and settled as a minister at Greenfield Hill, Conn., where he also conducted an academy with great success. In 1795 he became president of Yale College. He died at New Haven, Conn., in 1817. His sermons on theology had a wide influence. See Life of Timothy Dwight, by W. B. Sprague, in Sparks’ American Biography.
# The Prisoners of Hartling

The Bookman May 1922: A novel situation, normal love, and a delightful finish.
THE PRISONERS OF HARTLING
J. D. BERESFORD
The Jervaise Comedy
THE PRISONERS OF HARTLING
BY
J. D. BERESFORD
'There is a sore evil which I have seen under the sun, namely, riches kept for the owners thereof to their hurt.'
Ecclesiastes v. 13.
New York THE MACMILLAN COMPANY
1922
All rights reserved
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Copyright, 1922,
By THE MACMILLAN COMPANY.
Set up and printed. Published February, 1922.
Press of
J. J. Little & Ives Company
New York, U. S. A.
To
H. H. BASHFORD
* Chapter I
* Chapter II
* Chapter III
* Chapter IV
* Chapter V
* Chapter VI
* Chapter VII
* Chapter VIII
* Chapter IX
* Chapter X
* Chapter XI
* Chapter XII
* Chapter XIII
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
The longest-living author of this work died in 1947, so this work is in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 76 years or less. This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The Prisoner of the Caucasus

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "The Prisoner of the Caucasus."
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Wikidata item.
This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* The Prisoner of the Caucasus by Alexander Pushkin
* The Prisoner of the Caucasus by Leo Tolstoy
# The Prisoner of the Caucasus (Tostoy)

English-language translations of Кавказский пленник include:
* "A Prisoner in the Caucasus," translated by Aylmer and Louise Maude in Twenty-three Tales, 1906
* "The Captive in the Caucasus," translated by Robert Nisbet Bain in More Tales from Tolstoi, 1902
* "A Prisoner in the Caucasus," translated by Nathan Haskell Dole in The Complete Works of Lyof N. Tolstoï, 1899
# The Philosophical Review/Volume 1/Summary: Fairbanks - The Ethical Teaching of Sophokles

Int. J. E. = International Journal of Ethics
Sophokles emphasizes three allied causes of sin, viz. selfishness, self-assertion, and pride. F. cites Polyneikes as an example of selfishness; of self-assertion, Œdipus, whose impetuous temperament made him carry to excess the Greek ideal of a large and vigorous manhood; of insolent pride (ὕβρις), Kreon, who makes laws contrary to sacred ​custom and divine law, and demands absolute obedience to them. F. finds Sophokles' ideal man truthful and sincere. As an instance he cites Neoptolemos. The wily plans of Odysseus, on the contrary, fail; the stealth of Aias is punished by madness, and Herakles' treachery in slaying an enemy results in his death. Further, author finds devotion to the state, as a virtue, exemplified in Œdipus; he deduces also from the same character that reverence for the gods was an essential feature in the Greek ideal. He (F.) believes these ethical ideas to be the product of the age in which Sophokles lived, though he was in advance of the actual ideals of the time. The Sophoklean conception of virtue and duty are characteristic of Greece in general from the fact that they are aesthetic rather than ethical. The beautiful and the proportionate in conduct awaken enthusiasm; a grand fault is better than a weak virtue, and conscience is, with Sophokles, a sense of conformity to an aesthetic ideal. This aesthetic ideal, F. goes on to say, is embodied for the Greek in the eternal relation of things, in natural law in the moral world.
# The Philosophical Review/Volume 1/Summary: Döring - Der Begriff der Dialektik in den Memorabilien

Ar. f. G. Ph. = Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie
D. believes the material of the Memorabilia has not been sufficiently utilized for determining the actual teaching of Sokrates. The chief passage for the Sokratic notion of Dialectic is IV, 5. 11 f. Dialectic is here the art of separating the possible courses of conduct into groups from a moral standpoint. In addition to this, D. brings forward as explanatory of the Sokratic notion of Dialectic Mem., IV, 2. 12 f. and I, 1. 16 f. In IV, 6. the essence of Dialectic is defined as the knowledge of τί ἕκαστον εἴη τῶν ὄντων. This is a step further than the foregoing chapter, in which Dialectic had for its object only moral conduct; here it receives a universal employment,—ἕκαστον τῶν ὄντων. Author finds that the Xenophontic Sokrates employs the notion of Dialectic in two senses: (1) it is directed chiefly to ethical conceptions, in which διαλέγειν is used for the correct demarcation of opposed notions; (2) in a wider sense it includes the most manifold forms of argumentation. Mem., III, 9. 4 f. is cited as a passage of prime importance for the Sokratic philosophy. Author shows from this that the ethical σοφία of Sokrates has a double function: (1) knowledge of the right; (2) knowledge of the right as efficient cause in directing conduct. In thus giving σοφία an application to conduct, the Sokratic notion of virtue as knowledge is cleared of some difficulty.
# The Philosophical Review/Volume 1/Summary: Eastwood - Lotze's Antithesis between Thought and Things

We might say that the root-conception of L.'s system is the assumption that some external objective reality distinct from human thought exercises a causative action upon our minds. L.'s first concession toward rectifying his mistake is that thought is in part constitutive of knowledge, the reason being that each of two objects which act upon one another contributes from its own nature to the resultant effect. But he makes a second, and still greater, concession to the importance of the work of thought. Thought always colors objects given to it, but sometimes it even makes its own objects entirely out of its own nature. We must now examine those claims to be independent which 'things' put forth. Why are 'things' more than thoughts? First, because they account for the a posteriori element in knowledge. As such an element is excluded from L.'s narrow and formal view of thought, it must be referred to an unknown, outside thought. But this is not enough. The a posteriori element might be a flux of particulars, in which case 'things,' being void of permanent qualities, could not be the subject-matter of a theory. It is therefore necessary to universalize 'things,' so that metaphysical attributes may be predicated of them. Thought had previously been stripped of its concrete particularity, in order that 'things' might be clothed with reality; now its universality is borrowed from it, in order that 'things' may be invested with the only property which can make them cognizable. For L. time is transcendentally real. If tenable, this view constitutes the stronghold of his system. Cause and effect differ from reason and consequence in that the former are in time, the latter not. Now if time-relationship is in any way applicable to 'supersensuous' or 'intelligible' 'things,' it at once becomes possible to invest those 'things' with a causal activity. No sooner has L. completed his vindication of the 'reality' of time than he is seized with an uneasy foreboding that he has committed himself to a doctrine incompatible with the ultimate goal of his philosophy. It is to the philosophy of religion, he concludes, that we must look for help.
# The Philosophical Review/Volume 1/Summary: Errara - Sur la loi de la conservation de la vie

Rev. Ph. = Revue Philosophique
This is a criticism of an article published by Preyer in the Naturwissenschaftliche Wochenschrift of the 8th of last March under the title, " The law of the conservation of life." P. had sought to prove that life, like matter and energy, is indestructible. "Vita non evanescit." If we let Mz represent the actually living matter in the universe, and Mn represent that which is not living, we have the formula Mz + Mn = Constant. The inert matter contains, among other things, food for living beings. It is evident that the more food there is, the more will life increase, and as extreme development of living beings leads to death, i.e. to the augmentation of the inert matter, P. holds that the variations between the amount of the active and inert matter are proportional, or that Ms/Mn = K. Since living matter is nothing but protoplasm, the author formulates his law as follows: "the total quantity of living protoplasm is invariable."
Errara asks what meaning can be given to this law of the conservation of life. It is only necessary to pour some strong acid into an aquarium to destroy all life there present without any new life coming into being as a necessary result. The error in P.'s reasoning, our author points out, consists in the fact that the symbol Mz, in the two equations given above, does not represent the same thing. In the first equation, Mz and Mn stand for the living and inert matter existing at a precise moment. In the other, the variations do not take place simultaneously, but one follows the other, and comes unto being at its expense. At each instant, then, the variations of Mz and Mn, instead of being proportional, are the inverse of each other. Again, geology tells us that the earth has passed through an azoic period. P., however, postulates the eternity of life. When the world was in a molten state organisms of an entirely different nature must have existed. E. points out that according to the cosmogony of Kant and La Place a nebulous period preceded the molten, and we should have to suppose still another order of organisms. Since it is not the same elements which constituted the living matter in these periods as to-day, the so-called constancy does not apply to anything concrete.
# The Philosophical Review/Volume 1/Summary: Dresslar - Some Influences which Affect the Rapidity of Voluntary Movements

Am. J. Ps. = American Journal of Psychology
The research aimed to determine the time of making three hundred taps from the wrist on a Morse key, together with some conditions influencing the rate. A kymograph was used with a revolving drum on which the seconds were registered by means of the armature of an electro-magnet. On the same standard with the magnet was fastened a clock movement whose escapement wheel turned one notch with each tap of the key. Six tests of three hundred taps each were made at intervals of two hours from 8 A.M. to 6 P.M. After six weeks of work a daily rhythm was developed with the slowest rate at 8 A.M., the most rapid rate at 4 P.M., and a falling off at 2 P.M. and at 6 P.M. The curve representing a daily record corresponded to the programme of public school work in which the subject had for two years been engaged, beginning at 8 A.M. and closing at 4 P.M. with an hour and a half intermission. The activity of the central nervous system probably increased during the hours of work, lessened during the noon hour of relaxation, and again decreased after four o'clock, when the chief work of the day was over. The short walk to dinner had no effect, but a vigorous walk caused falling off in the rate, due probably to general fatigue and mental relaxation. Strong mental concentration and interest favored rapidity of movement. The effect of a day of rest was very slightly unfavorable. No effect of atmospheric pressure could be detected. The normal rate for the right wrist averaged 8.5 taps per second.