OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The New York Times/1922/12/28/Dr. Wilbur F. Crafts Crusader, Dies at 73

* information about this edition.
* related portals: Obituaries.
December 28, 1922
DR. WILBUR F. CRAFTS CRUSADER, DIES AT 73
Prohibition Leader Who Was Famous for His Attacks on Popular Amusements.
LECTURED OVER THE WORLD
Prolific Writer on Religious Topics Was Long a Picturesque Figure In Congressional Lobbies.
WASHINGTON, Dec. 27.—Dr. Wilbur F. Crafts, for 28 years superintendent of the International Reform Bureau which he founded, and widely known because of his activities on behalf of prohibition and similar movements, died at a hospital here today of pneumonia. He was 73 years old.
Dr. Crafts, charged by opponents of legislation he sponsored with being a "reform fanatic," was for years a picturesque figure in congressional lobbies and committee rooms. By those in sympathy with his policies he was credited with having an influential part in enactment of prohibition, of laws to restrict the use of narcotics and of legislation of similar nature.
Outspoken in his opposition to Sunday amusements, Dr. Crafts sought to have them banned by legislation. He also endeavored to prevent the holding of the Dempsey-Carpentier bout in New Jersey in the Summer of 1921. He was a prolific writer on moral questions.
After funeral services here tomorrow the body will be sent to Westerly, R. I., for burial.
Dr. Crafts was born at Fryeburg, Me., a son of a Methodist preacher of puritan ancestry. He was graduated from Wesleyan in 1869 and from the Divinity School of Boston University in 1871. The first eight years of his long ministerial career he spent in his father's church, changing to Congregationalism in 1880, and in 1883 entering the Presbyterian ministry where he remained thereafter. In 1874 he married Sara J. Timanus, a prolific and forceful writer and worker in religious causes, his partner in many of his numerous activities, particularly those relating to Sunday schools.
Among reform leaders, few can have equaled Dr. Crafts in the amount of work done. His pen and his voice were allowed little rest during the last fifty years. He averaged six lectures a week, delivered in twenty-nine different countries, and had written a book a year, most, but not all, on religious topics. Here, for instance, is a curious title that crops up in a long list of others that do not surprise: "Rhetoric Made Racy." In addition to constantly contributing papers to religious magazines, he had since 1896 been chief editor of the Twentieth Century Quarterly.
To the general public Dr. Crafts was of course, best known for his attacks on popular amusements. Screen vampires, close dancing, "joy rides," which he said "often proved a ride of lifelong shame and woe"; Sunday baseball, cigarettes were a few of the objects of his tireless reforming zeal.
# The New York Times/1925

Content exists for this periodical, though at this stage it is not specifically organised beyond a basic hierarchy.
The pages listed below are an automatically generated listing.
Special:PrefixIndex/The New York Times/1925/
# The New York Times/1925/12/14/Assails Locarno Treaty

PARIS, Dec. 13,—Deputy Louis Marin, who a year ago caused a political stir by his demand in the Chamber that the estimate of France's indebtedness to her allies be based on her sacrifices in life and resources, today at Lyons, in a speech setting forth the Nationalist program, reiterated that argument in these terms:
"No discussion can be begun except on a firm juridic basis which takes account of the whole contribution and profits of all the beligerents and resolves them into general compensation."
While in the abstract such a solution of the debt question is one which all Frenchman hold to be only just, only M. Marin and a few of his friends still consider any purpose can be served by seeking to make practical politics of that viewpoint.
This is what he says of the Locarno treaties:
"The compact of Locarno only aggravates the precariousness of our security by the consecration of a situation which we still hoped was only temporary. It places us under the tutelage of England and is based on the signature of Germany on one more scrap of paper. Our security should depend on the assurance of the force of a well-trained army and solid alliances."
# The New York Times/1925/12/14/Denies Concealing Data

DENIES CONCEALING DATA.
Inglis Says Coal Commission Examined Operators' Books.
SCRANTON, Pa., Dec. 13 (AP).—Anthracite operators in a statement issued tonight by Major W. W. Inglis, Chairman of the Operators' Wage Negotiating Committee, denied "statements in the press, made by the miners, and at times made by editorial writers," that the operators had refused to allow their records to be scrutinized and were covering the facts concerning the industry by a veil of secrecy. Mr. Inglis's statement follows:
"There have been repeated statements in the press, made by the miners, and at times made by editorial writers, to the effect that the operators have always refused to show their books and that the facts concerning the industry are obscured by a veil of secrecy. This is absolutely untrue. The last survey of the industry was made in 1923 by the United States Coal Commission. Its report, in five volumes, can be obtained from the Government printing office, Washington, D. C.
"The data it contains was not compiled by operators, but was taken from their books by the commission's accountants. In this report will be found figures as to wages, costs, income, profits and all of the things which it is contended are not known."
# The New York Times/1925/12/14/Amplifiers in the Lords Check Side Remarks by Peers

Amplifiers in the Lords Check Side Remarks by Peers
LONDON, Dec. 13 (AP).—Members of the House of Lords must be on guard against making side remarks which are not intended for the assembly at large, for, since amplifiers were placed in the House the slightest whisper can be heard in the furthest corners of the great room.
In the old days a speaker could be heard with difficulty unless he shouted, and there was a constant general exchange of remarks by members who paid little attention to the business of the day.
But a member who now quietly remarks to a neighbor that some speaker is a "silly old fool" does so at the peril of having every newspaper man in the gallery hear him quite distinctly.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Pennell, Joseph

See also Joseph Pennell on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Pen′nell, Joseph, an American artist and engraver, was born at Philadelphia in 1860. He married Elizabeth Robbins, and he and his wife have been almost continuously traveling, writing and sketching since 1885. In this time they have visited many of the cities of the Old World and sailed down most of its historic rivers. Pennell's works are numerous, all illustrated in that pen-and-ink style for which he is justly famous. His first book was A Canterbury Pilgrimage; the latest, Lithography and Lithographers.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Pearsons, Daniel Kimball

See also Daniel Kimball Pearsons on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​ Pear′sons, Daniel Kimball, an American philanthropist, was born at Bedford, Vt., April 14, 1820. He graduated in medicine at Woodstock, Vt., and practiced in Chicopee, Mass., until 1857. He became a farmer in Ogle County, Ill., in 1857, but in 1860 removed to Chicago, where he rapidly accumulated a large fortune in real estate. For some years he served the city as alderman, and assisted in managing its financial budgets. He was best known through his large gifts to educational eleemosynary institutions, the Presbyterian Hospital of Chicago and Chicago Theological Seminary (Congregational) being especially favored. There are few of the smaller colleges to which he did not give from $25,000 to $250,000, and his gifts run well up into the millions. He died April 27, 1912.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Peary, Robert Edwin

See also Robert Peary on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​ Peary, Rear Admiral, Robert Edwin, discoverer of the North Pole, was born at Cresson, Pa., May 6, 1856. He graduated from Bowdoin College in 1877. He entered the U. S. Navy as a civil engineer Oct. 26, 1881. For several years he was engaged in surveys connected with the Nicaragua Ship Canal, but in 1886 made a trip to Greenland (q. v.). In 1891-2 his crossing of Greenland's northeastern corner was one of the most remarkable sledge-journeys ever made. He showed that the eastern and western coasts meet; discovered Melville and Heilprin Lands; made a second expedition to North Greenland, 1893-95; Arctic summer voyages, 1896, 1897; discovered and secured the Cape York meteorities, the largest in the world; in 1900 determined Greenland's northern limit by rounding it; demonstrated that for a considerable distance northward and northeastward there is no land and showed the origin of floebergs and paleocrystic ice. During his 1905-6 expedition he left his ship at 82°27′ N., and made a sledge-trip to 87°6′ N., 200.36 miles from the pole, the most northerly point yet reached. Sailing from New York in July 1908 he wintered at Cape Sheridan, Grant Land. Feb. 15, 1909 he started with a sledge train for the pole. On April 6, the pole was reached, the crowning triumph of twenty-three years of heroic effort. Returning he reached Indiana Harbor, Sept. 6, and announced by wireless “Stars and Stripes nailed to North Pole.” He was made rear admiral and received the thanks of congress. In 1913 he was made grand officer of the Legion d'Honneur, by the president of France.
Peary wrote Northward Over the Great Ice, Nearest the Pole, The North Pole, and Snowland Folk.
His wife wrote, My Arctic Journal, The Snow Baby, and Children of the Arctic. (See Polar Exploration.)
THE DISCOVERER OF THE NORTH POLE
REAR ADMIRAL ROBERT E. PEARY
* Copyright by Doubleday, Page & Co.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Peasants' War

See also German Peasants' War on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​ Peasants' War, an insurrection of the German peasantry, which broke out in 1524, against the oppressions they were suffering at the hands of the nobility and clergy. For a short time it seemed that the peasants would carry everything before them, as they defeated the army sent against them by Archduke Ferdinand, under the command of Von Waldburg; and a number of princes and knights concluded treaties with them, conceding their principal demands. But, unfortunately, the conduct of the insurgents did not accord with the moderation of their demands, as they destroyed convents and castles (more than 1,000 in all), murdered, pillaged and committed other great excesses. In May and June, 1525, they sustained a number of crushing defeats, and were soon after completely overthrown. Multitudes were hanged in the streets, and others were put to death with the most terrible tortures. It is estimated that 150,000 lives were lost during the short period of the Peasants' War.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Peat

See also Peat on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​ Peat, a substance formed by the decomposition of plants in marshes and morasses; it is also sometimes described as a kind of soil formed by the remains of mosses and other marsh-plants. The remains of plants are often so well-preserved in peat that their species can be easily determined; but in the northern parts of the world it is chiefly formed from certain kinds or species of bog-moss. These mosses grow in very wet places, and throw out new shoots from their upper parts, while their lower parts are decaying and forming peat, so that shallow pools are gradually changed into bogs. Moist peat is a decided and powerful antiseptic, as is shown in the preservation not only of ancient trees, leaves and fruits but of animal bodies. It is claimed that in some instances human bodies have been found preserved in peat after the lapse of centuries. Peat is formed only in the colder regions of the world, as in warmer regions vegetable substances decompose too rapidly. Peat is largely used for fuel in Holland, Denmark, Scotland, Ireland and other European countries, and efforts have been made to bring it into more general use by compressing its bulk, but although numerous machines have been invented and patented for this purpose, the enterprise has not yet proved a complete success.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Penn, William

See also William Penn on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Penn, William, founder of Pennsylvania, was the son of Admiral William Penn, and was born at London, Oct. 14, 1644. Penn studied at Christ Church, Oxford, and there became a convert to Quakerism. In 1668 Penn was thrown into London Tower on account of The Sandy Foundations Shaken. While in prison he wrote No Cross, No Crown and Innocency with Her Open Face. He was liberated through the influence of the Duke of York, afterward James II. In 1670 Admiral Penn died, leaving his son $7,500 a year and claims upon the government for $80,000. In 1681, in lieu of his monetary claim, Penn obtained territory comprising the present state of Pennsylvania. He desired to call it Sylvania, but Charles II insisted on the prefix Penn, in honor of his father. In October of 1682 he held his famous interview with the Indian tribes. Penn concluded a peaceful arrangement for the purchase of their lands, and for 50 years his colony remained unmolested by them. Penn planned and named Philadelphia, and for two years managed affairs in the wisest, most benevolent and liberal manner. Not Quakers only but persecuted members of other churches sought refuge in his colony, where religious toleration was fully recognized and respected. In 1684 Penn returned to England to exert his influence in favor of his persecuted brethren at home, in which he was so far successful that soon after James II came to the throne (1685) 1,200 imprisoned Quakers were set at liberty. After the accession of William III, Prince of Orange (1688), Penn was accused of treason and conspiracy, but was acquitted. In 1699 Penn paid a second visit to Pennsylvania, where his colony required his presence. His two years' stay was marked by many useful measures and by efforts to improve the condition, not only of the colonists, but of the Indians and negroes. He returned to England in 1701. When an agent of Penn's died, he left claims which the latter refused to pay, and was committed to Fleet Prison, where he remained until friends procured his release by settling the claims. He died on July 30, 1718.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Pennsylvania, University of

See also University of Pennsylvania on Wikipedia, University of Pennsylvania portal on Wikisource, and the disclaimer.
​ Pennsylvania, University of, originated in Benjamin Franklin's proposals relating to the education of the young and in an academy that began to teach in 1751. In 1753 it obtained a charter which described it as a college. In 1791 it became the University of Pennsylvania. In 1872 it moved ​to West Philadelphia and entered on its modern era. Its medical school, founded in 1765, is the oldest in the United States. Lectures on law were given in 1790, but the present organization of the law-school dates only from 1850. In 1852 it was decided to establish a department of arts, manufactures and mining; professorships in civil engineering, geology, mineralogy and mining; and two regular courses in science. In 1874 this department was named Towne Scientific School. Other departments consist of the college; the department of philosophy or graduate school; University Hospital; Wistar Institute (for anatomy and biology); the laboratory of hygiene; the departments of dentistry; veterinary medicine; archaeology; and physical education; the veterinary hospital; the library; and Flower Observatory. The university's college itself includes the School of Arts, Towne Scientific School and Wharton School of Finance and Commerce. The university in 1905 had 33 buildings, and these and the grounds were worth about $5,700,000. In 1910 the faculty numbered 500, the students 5,389 and the library 272,000 volumes. The productive funds amounted to $4,632,874, but in 1904 the total assets were $11,647,085 and the total income was $687,443.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Pentateuch

See also Torah on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​ Pen′tateuch (tūk) (from the Greek words pente, five, and teuchos, book), the name given by the Christian fathers to the first five books of the Bible: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy. The Jewish name given to these books was Torah, meaning The Law. In connection with Joshua these five books are sometimes considered to form one continuous work, by many modern scholars called the Hexateuch.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Peonage

See also Peon on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​ Pe′onage, a system of servitude common in Mexico and some Spanish-American states. By the Spanish colonial system the peon in debt to his employer was bound to labor for him until the debt was paid. It is claimed that under this system employers often contrived to keep their laborers in continual servitude by advancing them money for needless expenditures or selling them goods on credit and at high prices. Peonage in the territory of New Mexico was abolished by act of Congress in 1867. It has also been abolished in the Argentine Republic and some other South American countries.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Lexington (Massachusetts)

See also Lexington, Massachusetts on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​ Lexington, a village of Massachusetts, ten miles from Boston, where the first battle of the Revolution was fought on the 19th of April, 1775. On the night previous Paul Revere, escaped from Boston, brought word to Lexington that a detachment of British troops were preparing to march to Concord, to seize the provincial stores and cannon at that place. About midnight the call to arms was sounded, and the militia turned out and remained under arms until morning, when the English under Major Pitcairn were seen approaching the common adjoining the village. The militia being drawn up here, Pitcairn advanced upon them with a largely superior force. As the militia refused to obey his command to disperse, he ordered his men to fire. A discharge of musketry followed, with the result that four of the militia were killed and nine wounded. The British then moved on to Concord; and on their return were attacked by the militia in the western part of Lexington, and a sharp contest took place in which several men were killed. The British force would probably have been totally destroyed, if re-enforcements had not arrived from Boston under Lord Percy. A monument was erected in 1799 to commemorate this battle. Population 4,979.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Leys, Henri Jean Auguste

See also Jan August Hendrik Leys on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​ Leys (līs or lā), Henri Jean Auguste, Belgian painter, was born at Antwerp, Feb. 18, 1815. He was created a baron by Leopold I in 1862. Leys is one of the best modern artists in the style of the old Flemish masters; and his most valuable pictures are inspired by the history of his native land. He spent most of his life in his native city and died there Aug. 26, 1869.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Lincoln, Ill.

See also Lincoln, Illinois on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Lincoln, Ill., city, county-seat of Logan County, about 28 miles noitheast of Springfield. It is in an agricultural section, and in the vicinity are extensive deposits of coal. The chief manufactures are mattresses, caskets, coffins, horse-collars, cellulose, excelsior and flour. Lincoln has good schools, a Carnegie Library, two hospitals, the Odd Fellows' Orphans' Home, Lincoln University (Pres.) and the state Institution for the Feeble Minded. Lincoln has the service of three railroads. Population 10,892.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Leyden, Lucas van

See also Lucas van Leyden on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​ Leyden (lī′den), Lu′cas van, Dutch painter and engraver, was born at Leyden in 1494. He painted a picture of St. Hubert when 12, and Mahomet and the Monk Sergius was engraved when he was only 14. He practiced nearly every branch of painting, his range of subjects being wide and embracing events in sacred history, incidents of his own times and portraits. He died at Leyden in 1533, after having been confined to his bed for six years. His Hill of Calvary is generally considered his masterpiece. His real name was Lucas Jacobsz.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Lexington (Va.)

See also Lexington, Virginia on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​ Lexington, a beautiful village, county-seat of Rockbridge County, Va., on North River, 30 miles from Lynchburg and 110 from Richmond. It manufactures agricultural implements, flour, lumber and dairy-products. Valuable deposits of sulphur ore are in the vicinity, and there are mineral springs. These are popular resorts. The natural bridge, one of America's curiosities is 15 miles distant. Lexington is served by the B. and O. and Chesapeake and Ohio railways. It contains Washington and Lee University and Virginia Military Institute. Robert E. Lee and “Stonewall” Jackson are buried here. Population 3,200.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Lhasa

See also Lhasa on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​ Lhasa (lhä′sá), (“the seat of the gods”), the capital of Tibet (q. v.) and the sacred city of the Buddhists, is situated 12,000 feet above the sea, and is surrounded by mountains ranging from 2,000 to 4,000 feet above that altitude. The resident population is about 20,000 and the city is an important trading as well as ecclesiastical center. See Candler's Unveiling of Lhasa, Hedin's Through Asia and Landon's Opening of Tibet.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Lianas

See also Liana on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​ Lia′nas, the name given to those plants in tropical forests which twine around trees for their support. Such plants are comparatively rare in colder climates, although there are a few examples, as the honeysuckle and some species of clematis. As these often overtop the hedges or bushes on which they grow and fall down by the weight of their leaves, so the lianas of tropical countries overtop the largest and tallest trees and, descending to the ground in vast festoons, pass from tree to tree and bind the whole forest in a maze of network, often by cables as thick as those of a ship. Many forests thus become impenetrable except with the aid of an ax or hatchet, and the beasts that inhabit their pass either through narrow paths kept open by constant use or from bough to bough above the ground. Many lianas become almost tree-like in thickness, and often bind the trees with such force as to kill them. No tropical flowers excel in splendor those of some lianas, and among them are also found a few valuable medicinal plants. See Climbing Plants.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Lincoln

See also Lincoln, England on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Lincoln (lĭn′kŭn), a city of England, on the Witham, 42 miles from Hull and 130 from London. There are important foundries and other manufactories and an active trade in flour. The horse-fair held every spring is one of the largest in the world, but the chief glory of Lincoln is its cathedral, admitted to be among the finest in England. It measures 524 by 82 feet or 250 feet across the transepts, and in style is mainly Early English. Population nearly 50,000.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Lincoln, Benjamin

See also Benjamin Lincoln on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Lincoln, Benjamin, an American Revolutionary general, was born at Hingham, Mass., Jan. 24, 1733. At the outbreak of the Revolution he was a major-general of militia. In 1775 he cleared Boston Harbor of British. In 1776 he reinforced Washington, and in 1777 Washington had him appointed a major-general in the regular army. In 1778 he commanded the American army in the south. In 1780 he was besieged in Charleston, and captured by the British. In 1781 he fought at Yorktown, and was deputed by Washington to receive Cornwallis' sword. He died on May 9, 1810.