OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# American Medical Biographies/Wynne, Thomas

Thomas Wynne was later found to be born in Wales on 20 Jun 1627.
​Wynne, Thomas (1631–1692)
Doctor James J. Levick has called attention to the fact that all the physicians of Philadelphia, previous to 1700, were natives of Wales, even though Welsh immigrants formed but a part of the population of that city. Among them was Thomas Wynne who set sail from Deal, England, August 30, 1682, in the ship Welcome, with William Penn, on his first voyage to America, reaching here October 27, 1682. Wynne had practised medicine on the Surrey side of the Thames for some thirty years and was said to have been "the most thoroughly equipped and learned physician who, until then, had visited America." When smallpox broke out on the Welcome coming over, the skill of "good Dr. Wynne" was taxed to the utmost. Here was a three hundred ton vessel, with one hundred emigrants, with insufficient medical attendance, no delicacies for the sick and only such remedies as could be supplied from the ship's medicine chest; and the voyage took fifty-three days. But Wynne, acting as both physician and nurse, conquered the epidemic; thirty died of smallpox before the voyage was over.
Wynne was born in the town of Caerwys, Flintshire, North Wales, in 1631 and was the fifth son of Sir John Wynne, of Gwydyr, and Sydney, daughter of Sir William Gerard, Chancellor of Ireland. He was sent to London in 1650, entered the Royal College of Surgeons and was subsequently licensed as a surgeon and physician. He married Mary Bultall about 1656.
After landing with Penn in Philadelphia, Wynne became a member and president of the first Provincial Assembly held in that town, a prominent preacher among the Friends and a writer of controversial tracts. Penn was warmly attached to him and named the present Chestnut Street, one of the principal thoroughfares of the new city, Wynne Street, in his honor.
A daughter of Wynne, Mary, married Edward Jones, whose daughter, Martha Wynne Jones, became the wife of John Cadwalader, the father of Thomas Cadwalader, and so Wynne was the great-grandfather of Thomas Cadwalader.
Wynne purchased five thousand acres of land in Sussex County, Delaware, and lived there for a time, but returned to Philadelphia, where he died January 16, 1692.
# American Medical Biographies/Wright, John

* related authors: John Wright (1811-1846).
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, taxonomy, Wikidata item.
​Wright, John (1811–1846)
Wright was born in Troy, New York, February 2, 1811, the son of John Wright. His early education was secured at Allen Fish's School in Troy, where he was prepared for admission to the Rensselaer Institute, where he graduated. His education was further completed at Yale College, where he graduated in medicine in 1833.
He was an ardent student of Natural History. At one time he had a museum of birds and animals which he had procured and mounted himself. Rafinesque and Audubon were his friends and each visited him at Troy. He referred in after years to Mount Rafinesque which he named in honor of his friend, but which is known now as Bald Mountain, about five miles northeast of Troy. Dr. Wright had a pet raccoon, a remarkably fine specimen, of which Audubon made a sketch while on his visit to Troy, reproducing it in his great work on the animals of North America.
Dr. Wright was professor of natural history in the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute from 1838–1845; had published a Flora of Troy and vicinity, and was associated with Prof. Amos Eaton in publishing the "North American Botany," (eighth edition).
He was also on the state survey of Michigan in 1837 as state botanist and continued in that work about two years.
For several years he was associated in practice with Dr. Thomas C. Brinsmade of Troy, a combination of talent that gave them the best kind of practice. Dr Wright attended to the surgical cases.
On April 11, 1838, he married Mary Cottrell who died April 10, 1841. They had one son who died September 18, 1841. He married again, Catherine Wyant, December 5, 1844. He died of tuberculosis of the lungs, April 11, 1846, at Aiken, South Carolina. He was a member of the Rensselaer County Medical Society.
The full title of his book was:
"A Catalogue of Plants Growing Without Cultivation in the Vicinity of Troy," by John Wright, M. D., and James Hall, A. M., Troy, 1836.
# American Medical Biographies/Wright, Thomas Lee

​Wright, Thomas Lee (1825–1893)
Thomas Lee Wright, of Bellefontaine, Ohio, the author of a volume entitled "Inebrism, a Pathological and Psychological Study," was the son of Dr. Thomas Wright, who came to Quebec from the north of Ireland in 1817 and settled in Craftsbury, Vermont. He married a daughter of Dr. Huntington of that town, and moved to Ohio, and Thomas Lee was born in Windham, Portage County, August 7, 1825. He was educated at Miami University and at the Ohio Medical College, Cincinnati, where he received an M. D. in 1846. He practised at Kansas City until 1854, chiefly as government physician among the Wyandotte Indians. During the season of 1855–56 he was lecturer upon theory and practice in Wesleyan University, at Keokuk, Ia.; after that he practised in Bellefontaine where he had married the daughter of Dr. A. H. Lord, in 1846.
Being affected with organic heart disease, in 1880 Dr. Wright relinquished active practice and devoted himself to the study of inebriety, a subject that had led him to write "On the Action of Alcohol on the Mind and Morals" for the Lancet Clinic, the previous year. He became a frequent contributor to The Journal of Inebriety, and every year until his death presented a paper before the American Association for the Study and Cure of Inebriety. In 1885 through the advice of friends he published "Inebrism, a Pathological and Psychological Study." This book of two hundred and fifty pages was translated into the French, German and Russian languages, and has been regarded as one of the most valuable contributions to this subject that had been made by American physicians. His work was of a pioneer character, pointing out the paralyzing action of alcohol on the brain and nervous system and the philosophy of defects in the moral faculties of inebriates.
In 1860 he published a "Disquisition on the Ancient History of Medicine," 1 vol. 8vo., 84 p. and in 1874, "The Deterioration of the Race upon the Western Continent," a paper in the Cincinnati Lancet and Observer.
Personally, Dr. Wright was a genial man, keen to notice the follies and weaknesses of human nature, but charitable in his judgments.
He died at his home suddenly June 22, 1893.
# American Medical Biographies/Wright, Joseph Jefferson Burr

​Wright, Joseph Jefferson Burr (1801–1878)
Brevet Brigadier General Joseph Jefferson Burr Wright was born in Wilkesbarre, Pennsylvania, where his parents had long lived, in May, 1801. He received the degree of A. B. from Washington College, Pa., in 1821 and M. D. from the University of Pennsylvania in 1825. Subsequently Jefferson Medical College conferred on him an honorary M. D. in 1836. After practising medicine in his native town until 1833 he entered the Army as assistant surgeon and during the first ten years of his service was stationed at many posts on the frontiers, participating in the operations against the Seminole Indians in Florida, 1841–42, and finally becoming attached to General Zachary Taylor's "army of occupation" in 1846. He was present at the battles of Palo Alto, and Resaca de la Palma, and received special commendation from his commanding officer for efficiency and zeal in the performance of his duties; next he had charge of the general hospital at Matamoras and in the campaign from Vera Cruz to Mexico City he was medical purveyor to the army. Following the ​Mexican War Surgeon Wright was on the staff of Major General Worth with headquarters at San Antonio, Texas and there he had charge during an epidemic of Asiatic Cholera of great severity. During the Civil War while on the staffs of Generals McClellan and Rosecrans Surgeon Wright participated in some of the engagements in West Virginia and then served as medical director, department of Missouri, under General Halleck. He attained the rank of colonel and brevet brigadier general in 1865 and was retired in December, 1876. He died at his residence in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, May 14, 1878.
General Wright was a man of true soldierly instincts, never permitting personal consideration to interfere with the discharge of duty, and of high professional skill; he was most fair and honorable in all his dealings and had many friends.
He was among the first to use and recommend sulphate of quinine in large doses during the remission in the treatment of malaria. He published articles in Southern Medical Reports.
# American Medical Biographies/Wyman, Morrill

​Wyman, Morrill (1812–1903)
Morrill Wyman, inventor of the operation of thoracentesis and son of Rufus Wyman, a physician of Chelmsford, Massachusetts, later the first superintendent of the McLean Insane Asylum, was born in Chelmsford July 25, 1812.
He graduated from Harvard College in the same class as his brother Jeffries (q.v.) in 1833, and received the M. D. from the Harvard Medical School in 1837. He studied with Dr. William J. Walker, of Charlestown, before graduating from the school and after graduation served as house officer at the Massachusetts General Hospital. He began practice in Cambridge in 1838 and continued until a few years before his death, which occurred January 31, 1903, at the ripe age of ninety-one.
For a few years during his early life he was adjunct Hersey professor of the theory and practice of physic in the Harvard Medical School. From 1875 to 1889 he was an overseer of the University and in 1885 was given the LL.D. of Harvard. He was consulting physician to the Massachusetts General Hospital, to the Cambridge Hospital, in the establishment of which he was especially prominent, and to the Adams' Nervine Asylum in Jamaica Plain, a part of Boston.
In 1839 he married Elizabeth Aspinwall, daughter of Capt. Robert S. Pulsifer, a ​Boston shipmaster, and was survived by a son and daughter.
In 1846 he published a volume of 400 pages on ventilation which was an authority for many years; in 1868 appeared "Progress in School Discipline" from his pen.
On February 23, 1850, he removed a large quantity of fluid from the chest of a patient suffering from pleural effusion, making use of an exploring needle and a stomach pump. He repeated the operation a few days later with success, and on April 17, of the same year, operated on a patient of Dr. Henry Ingersoll Bowditch (q.v.). Bowditch was convinced of the value of the operation, described it and gave it popularity, assigning, however, the credit of the invention of thoracentesis to Wyman. In 1863 Wyman delivered the annual discourse before the Massachusetts Medical Society on the subject: "The Reality and Certainty of Medicine," an excellent supplement, to Oliver Wendell Holmes' address in 1860 on "Currents and Counter-Currents in Medical Science."
Wyman was the author of a brochure on "Autumnal Catarrh (Hay Fever)," published in 1872, in which he described two forms of the disease of which he was a victim annually.
He was dearly beloved by many generations of students at Harvard College to whom he was not only the college physician, but adviser and helper in time of need.
# American Medical Biographies/Wyman, Walter

​Wyman, Walter (1848–1911)
Walter Wyman, Surgeon-General of the United States, was born at St. Louis, Missouri, August 17, 1848, his parents being Edgar Wyman, LL.D., and Elizabeth Hadley Wyman. His ancestors were among the pioneers of New England.
He attended St. Louis University and Amherst College, graduating from the former in 1866 and from the latter in 1870. From this latter institution he received the degree of A. B. at graduation, and that of A. M. in 1889. He attended the Medical Department of Washington University, and graduated in 1873, receiving the degree of M. D. He later received the honorary degrees of LL.D. from Western University of Pennsylvania in 1897, the University of Maryland in 1907, and Amherst College in 1911.
Dr. Wyman entered the Marine Hospital Service as assistant surgeon October 21, 1876. He was promoted to the grade of surgeon Oct. 1, 1877, and became surgeon general May 27, 1891.
Early in his official life he became interested in public health matters. As a result of this interest, laws were enacted to improve the physicial conditions affecting sailors in the merchant marine. In 1876 he advocated the use of the "prairie schooner" as a means of affording sailors the benefit of the high, dry climate of the Southwestern plateau. In later years he was instrumental in the establishment of a sanatorium for consumptive sailors at Fort Stanton, N. M. Perhaps his most important services to his country were the development of a national system of quarantine already begun and the fostering of scientific research in matters pertaining to the public health.
Dr. Wyman was a member of many societies, in a number of which he held important offices. He was president of the American Public Health Association in 1902 and of the Association of Military Surgeons in 1904. He was vice-president of the American National Red Cross in 1904 and of the American Medical Association in 1905.
Other societies to which he belonged included the American Academy of Medicine. American Medical Editors Association, American Association for the Advancement of Science, and the American Climatological Society.
He was chairman of the International Sanitary Bureau of American Republics, and in this capacity did much to unify maritime quarantine practice.
He was also chairman of the Committee on International Quarantine of the Pan-American Medical Congress in 1896, and of the Section on Public Health of the International Congress of Arts and Sciences in 1904. During the International Congress on Tuberculosis in 1908 he was president of the Section on State and Municipal Control of Health Matters. For a long period he was director of the National Association for the Study and Prevention of Tuberculosis and the National Association of Mental Hygiene.
During his public life he contributed many scientific and popular articles relating to health matters. Lists of these under ​appropriate headings may be found in the Index Medicus and other catalogues.
Dr. Wyman was unmarried. He died, of Bright's disease and diabetes, complicated by carbuncle, at Providence Hospital, Washington, D. C., November 21, 1911.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/-heit

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry -heit. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ -heit, feminine suffix of abstract terms in the West Teutonic dialects; properly an independent word — Middle High German heit, feminine, ‘method, nature,’ Old High German heit, masculine and feminine, ‘person, sex, rank, estate,’ Anglo-Saxon hâd, ‘estate, race, method, quality’; Gothic haidus, masculine, ‘method’; see further under heiter. As an independent word it became obsolete in English in the Middle English period, and was preserved only as a suffix, as in Modern High German; Anglo-Saxon -hâd, English -hood (boyhood, falsehood, maidenhood), and also English -head (maidenhead).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/-lei

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry -lei. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ -lei, suffix, Modern High German simply; from Middle High German leie, feminine, ‘manner, method.’ In Middle High German there was no compound corresponding to Modern High German mancherlei, the expression maneger leie being used as a genitive, e.g. maneger leie liute, ‘various sorts of people,’ equivalent to Modern High German mancherlei Leute. Middle High German leie, lei, is generally considered to be a Romance word borrowed from Old French and Provençal ley, ‘method’ (Spanish and Portuguese laya, ‘manner,’ is said to be of Basque origin).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/-bar

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry -bar. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ -bar, adjective suffix which is derived from a complete adjective, properly bäre, Middle High German bœre, Old High German bâri; it means literally ‘bearing,’ compare fruchtbar, lastbar, also dankbar; later on, when it became a suffix, it assumed the present meaning. The older adjective is a verbal form of the strong verb bëran (see under Bahre), Teutonic root ber (Aryan bher), ‘to bear, carry.’ In Anglo-Saxon too -bœ̂re appears, e.g. in wœstmbœ̂re, ‘fertile,’ leóhtbœ̂re, ‘Lucifer.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/-bert

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry -bert. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ -bert, Bert-, in proper names, from Middle High German bërht, Old High German bëraht, ‘shining’; compare Gothic bairhts, Anglo-Saxon beorht, English bright.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/-a, -ach

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry -a, -ach. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ -a, -ach, a frequent suffix in the formation of the names of brooks and rivers (or rather the places named after them); on the whole, -ach (Urach, Steinach, Salzach, Rotach, Schwarzach) is more Upper German, -a more Middle German, and Low German (Fulda, Berra, Schwarza); from Old High German aha, ‘running water,’ Gothic ahwa, ‘river' (for details see Au), whence also the names of the rivers Aa (Westphalia), Ohe (Hesse).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/-aff

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry -aff. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ -aff, suffix used to form names of rivers (Erlaff, Old High German Eril-affa, Aschaff, Old High German Asc-affa), and of places (especially in Franconian and Hessian, compare Honeff), allied to which -ep, p (also Westphalian), occurs as an unchanged Low German form, e.g. in Lennep. The base *apa is Keltic (equivalent to Latin aqua, ‘water,’ Gothic ahwa, ‘river’).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/-bold

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry -bold. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ -bold, in compounds like Raufbold, Witzbold, &c., from Middle High German bolt, genitive boldes; it is the unaccented form of the Middle High German adjective balt, ‘bold,’ which is discussed under bald.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Anlehen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Anlehen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Anlehen, n., ‘loan,’ from MidHG. an-lêhen, OHG. analêhan, n., ‘loan of money on interest,’ from an- and Lehen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated

a reference book for the history of the German language, and was one of the first books of its kind ever written.
"The etymological history of some five thousand words—to estimate roughly the contents of the volume—is given, and extremely interesting this history often is." — The Spectator, August 1891
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/-falt

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry -falt. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ -falt, -fältig, adjective suffix, ‘-fold,’ from Middle High German -valt, Old High German falt; compare Gothic -falþs, Anglo-Saxon -feald, English -fold, Old Icelandic -faldr; a common Teutonic suffix in the formation of multiplicatives; it corresponds to Greek πλάσιος in δι-πλάσιος, &c. (also δίπαλτος, ‘twofold’), for pltios, with which -falt seems to be primitively cognate. See falten, and Einfalt under ein.
# An Inquiry into the Principles and Policy of the Government of the United States

AN
INQUIRY
INTO
THE PRINCIPLES AND POLICY
OF THE
GOVERNMENT
OF
THE UNITED STATES.
Comprising nine Sections, under the following heads:—
| I. ARISTOCRACY. II. THE PRINCIPLES OF THE POLICY OF THE UNITED STATES, AND OF THE ENGLISH POLICY. III. THE EVIL MORAL PRINCIPLES OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES. IV. FUNDING. V. BANKING. | VI. THE GOOD MORAL PRINCIPLES OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES. VII. AUTHORITY. VIII. THE MODE OF INFUSING ARISTOCRACY INTO THE POLICY OF THE UNITED STATES. IX. THE LEGAL POLICY OF THE UNITED STATES. |
BY JOHN TAYLOR,
OF CAROLINE COUNTY, VIRGINIA.
FREDERICKSBURG:
PUBLISHED BY GREEN AND CADT.
1814
* Declaration
* To the Publick
* Errata
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# An Inquiry into the Principles and Policy of the Government of the United States/Errata

ERRATA.
| PAGE | LINE | EXPUNGE | READ |
| 89 | 24 | these | there |
| 181 | 37 | principles | principes |
| 204 | 36 | formed | found |
| 245 | 37 | ever | even |
| 270 | 34 | unexceptionable | exceptionable |
| 280 | 35 | its | is |
| 317 | 22 | his | its |
| 324 | 35 | change | charge |
| 325 | 13 | formed | found |
| 337 | 10 | lost | best |
| 362 | 22 | Tace | Face |
| 363 | 37 | calculation | inculcation |
| 365 | 2 | their | these |
| 416 | 2 | intermediate | immediate |
| 418 | 16 | state | |
| 462 | 37 | respects | respect |
| 507 | 1 | dceated | defeated |
| 542 | 19 | affecting | effecting |
| 557 | 6 | tenant | tenants |
| 561 | 37 | title | titled |
| 589 | 27 | diminituveness | diminutiveness |
| 596 | 35 | hasted | has led |
| 611 | 37 | (,) after law | |
| 612 | 2 | (,) after law | |
# An Inquiry into the Principles and Policy of the Government of the United States/Declaration

​ DISTRICT OF VIRGINIA, To wit:
BE IT REMEMBERED, That on the fifteenth day of November, in the thirty-eighth year of the Independence of the United States of America, JOHN TAYLOR, of the said District, hath deposited in this Office, the Title of a Book, the right whereof he claims as Author, in the words following, to wit: …
"An Inquiry into the Principles and Policy of the Government of the United States, comprising nine sections, under the following heads: … I. Aristocracy. II. The Principles of the Policy of the United States, and of the English Policy. III. The Evil Moral Principles of the Government of the United States. IV. Funding. V. Banking. VI. The Good Moral Principles of the Government of the United States. VII. Authority. VIII. The Mode of infusing Aristocracy into the Policy of the United States. IX. The Legal Policy of the United States. By JOHN TAYLOR, of Caroline county, Virginia."
In conformity to the Act of the Congress of the United States, entitled "An Act for the encouragement of Learning, by securing the copies of Maps, Charts, and Books, to the Authors and Proprietors of such copies during the times therein mentioned;" and also to an Act, entitled "An act supplementary to an Act, entitled, 'An Act for the encouragement of Learning, by securing the copies of Maps, Charts, and Books, to the Authors and Proprietors of such copies, during the times therein mentioned;' and extending the benefits thereof to the arts of Designing, Engraving, and Etching historical and other prints."
WILLIAM MARSHALL,
Clerk of the District of Virginia.