OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Ronge, Johannes

Edition of 1879. See also Johannes Ronge on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
RONGE, Johannes, a German priest, born at Bischofswalde, Prussian Silesia, Oct. 16, 1813. He completed his studies at Breslau, and was chaplain at Grottkau from 1840 to 1843; but for refusing to submit to the discipline of the church he was suspended and afterward excommunicated. In 1844 he addressed a letter to Bishop Arnoldi denouncing the exhibition of the holy coat at Treves as idolatrous, and next he called upon the German Catholics to secede from Rome. His agitation led to the formation of the German Catholic denomination, but most of its members in 1862 joined the national Protestant church. (See German Catholics.) In 1847-'9 Ronge was a prominent democrat, and subsequently he was an exile in London till 1861, when he returned to Germany, where for some time he continued active for reform.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Roland

Edition of 1879. See also Roland on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
ROLAND, called by the Italians Orlando, a paladin of the court of Charlemagne, and one of the most famous heroes of the chivalric romances of the middle ages. According to tradition, he was a nephew of Charlemagne, and was slain at Roncesvalles. The narrative of his defeat and death has been expanded into a history full of picturesque and marvellous details; and in the “Romance of Roncesvalles,” in the rhymed chronicle La Spagna, in the “Grand Chronicles,” in Turpin's fabulous chronicle De Vita Caroli Magni et Rolandi, and later in the Orlando innamorato of Boiardo, the Orlando furioso of Ariosto, and the Morgante Maggiore of Pulci, he figures as the great exemplar of mediæval chivalry. The “Song of Roland,” a metrical narrative of the hero's chief exploits, was a favorite with minstrels of the middle ages. His historical existence rests upon a doubtful passage in Eginhard's Vita Caroli Magni, and he is believed to be almost wholly the creation of fiction.—See Das Rolandslied, edited by Karl Bartsch (Leipsic, 1874), forming vol. iii. of Sammlung der deutschen Dichtungen des Mittelalters.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Roth, Rudolf

Edition of 1879. See also Rudolf von Roth on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
ROTH, Rudolf, a German orientalist, born in Stuttgart, April 3, 1821. He studied in Tübingen, Berlin, Paris, and London, and became in 1856 professor of oriental languages at Tübingen. He has published Zur Literatur und Geschichte des Veda (1846); an edition of Yaska's Nirukta (1852); the Atharva Veda, in conjunction with Prof. W. D. Whitney (1856-'7); Ueber den Mythus von den fünf Menschengeschlechtern (1860); and Ueber die Vorstellung vom Schicksal in der indischen Sprachweisheit (1866). His principal work is a large Sanskrit dictionary, prepared in conjunction with Böhtlingk, and published by the St. Petersburg academy of sciences (1853-'75).
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Rothe, Richard

Edition of 1879. See also Richard Rothe on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
ROTHE, Richard, a German theologian, born in Posen, Jan. 28, 1799, died in Heidelberg, Aug. 20, 1867. He studied theology in Heidelberg, Berlin, and Wittenberg, was chaplain of the Prussian embassy in Rome for five years, became a professor in the Wittenberg theological seminary and its director, conducted a theological seminary at Heidelberg for twelve years, and was a professor of theology in Bonn and Heidelberg. His religious views are tinged with the philosophy of Schleiermacher and Hegel. He published Die Anfänge der christlichen Kirche und ihre Verfassung (1837); Zur Dogmatik (1863); and Theologische Ethik (3 vols., 1845-'8). A revised edition of the Ethik by Holtzman (5 vols., 1867-'71) contains the author's posthumous notes. His university lectures on dogmatics (Dogmatik, 1870), a collection of essays (Stille Stunden, 1872), and his lectures on church history, edited by Weingarten (1875), have appeared since his death. The best account of his life is Nippold's Richard Rothe, ein christliches Leben auf Grund der Briefe Rothe's (Wittenberg, 1873).
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Rohlfs, Gerhard

Edition of 1879. See also Friedrich Gerhard Rohlfs on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
ROHLFS, Gerhard, a German traveller, born at Vegesack, near Bremen, April 14, 1834. He studied medicine at Heidelberg, Würzburg, and Göttingen, went to Algeria, enlisted in the foreign legion of the French army, served in the conquest of Kabylia, and attained the highest rank open to a foreigner. Having there learned the Arabic language and the mode of life of the inhabitants, in 1861 he went to Morocco, where in the character of a Mohammedan physician he acquired the friendship of the grand sherif, and under his protection travelled through the country, traversing the Morocco portion of the Sahara from W. to E., and exploring the whole course of the wady Draa. On this journey he was treacherously attacked by his guides, robbed, and left for dead in the desert, with a broken arm. In 1864 he travelled still further in Morocco, and crossed the Atlas mountains to the oasis of Tuat. His description and map of the country were the first ever made from personal observation and with scientific knowledge. After a short visit to Germany in 1865 he returned to Africa, and traversed the continent disguised as an Arab from Tripoli to Lagos, by way of Moorzook in Fezzan, Bilma, Kuka, the chief city of Bornoo, the river Benoowe, the Niger, and the Gomba country. The journey occupied altogether about two years, and obtained him the medal of the royal geographical society of London. Rohlfs's detailed account of it is contained in the Ergänzungsheft No. 34 to Petermann's Geographische Mittheilungen (Gotha, 1872). At the close of 1867, by order of the king of Prussia, he joined the English expedition against Abyssinia. He returned to Tripoli in 1868, and in 1869 traversed the desert from Tripoli to Alexandria, visiting the oasis of Siwah, the ancient Ammonium. In 1873, with an expedition of 100 camels and 90 men, organized under the patronage of the khedive of Egypt, he explored the Libyan desert W. of the chain of oases which skirt the valley of the Nile, and discovered that the depression called the Bahr Bela-ma (river without water) marked on many maps of the desert does not exist. The progress of the expedition S. W. of the oasis of Dakhel was stopped by hills of loose sliding sand, which the camels were
unable to traverse; and in lat. 25° 11' N., lon. 27° 40' E., the party turned back. In 1875 he visited the United States, and lectured on his travels. His most important publications are: Reise durch Marokko (2d ed., Bremen, 1869); In Abessinien (1869); Von Tripolis nach Alexandria (1871); Mein erster Aufenthalt in Marokko (1873); Quer durch Afrika: Reise vom Mittelmeer nach dem Tschad-See und zum Golf von Guinea (Leipsic, 1874 et seq.); and Drei Monate im libyschen Wüste (Cassel, 1875 et seq.). Winwood Reade edited his “Adventures in Morocco and Journeys through the Oases of Draa and Tafilet” (London, 1874).
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Rokitansky, Karl

Edition of 1879. See also Baron Carl von Rokitansky on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
ROKITANSKY, Karl, a German physician, born in Königgratz, Bohemia, Feb. 19, 1804. He studied medicine at Prague and at Vienna, where in 1828 he became assistant to the pathological and anatomical establishment. In 1834 he became extraordinary and in 1844 ordinary professor of pathological anatomy, in 1848 honorary rector of the university of Prague and member of the Vienna academy of sciences, in 1849 dean of the medical faculty, and in 1850 rector of the university of Vienna. He resigned his professorship in 1874. He was the projector of the great hospital of Vienna. He is considered in Germany as the highest authority in anatomy and pathology. His principal work is Handbuch der pathologischen Anatomie (3 vols., Vienna, 1842-'6; English translation by the Sydenham society, 4 vols., London, 1845-'52), entirely recast under the title of Lehrbuch der pathologischen Anatomie (3 vols., 1851-'61).
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Rothermel, Peter F.

Edition of 1879. See also Peter F. Rothermel on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
ROTHERMEL, Peter F., an American painter, born in Luzerne co., Pa., July 8, 1817. He was educated as a land surveyor, studied painting, and about 1840 commenced practice as a portrait painter. In 1856-'7 he visited France, Germany, and Italy, and painted his “St. Agnes,” now in St. Petersburg, and “The Foscari.” Some of his best known paintings are “De Soto discovering the Mississippi,” “Columbus before Isabella the Catholic,” the “Noche Triste,” from Prescott's “Conquest of Mexico,” “Patrick Henry before the Virginia House of Burgesses,” “Christian Martyrs in the Colosseum,” and “The Battle of Gettysburg,” in the state capital at Harrisburg.
# The Absentee

* information about this edition.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Wikidata item.
published in Tales of Fashionable Life. Lord Colambre, the sensitive hero of the novel, finds that his mother Lady Clonbrony's attempts to buy her way into the high society of London are only ridiculed, while his father, Lord Clonbrony, is in serious debt as a result of his wife's lifestyle. Colambre travels incognito to Ireland to see the country that he still considers his home. When he returns to London he assists his father to pay off the debts, on condition that the Clonbrony family return to live in Ireland.
* Notes
* Chapter I
* Chapter II
* Chapter III
* Chapter IV
* Chapter V
* Chapter VI
* Chapter VII
* Chapter VIII
* Chapter IX
* Chapter X
* Chapter XI
* Chapter XII
* Chapter XIII
* Chapter XIV
* Chapter XV
* Chapter XVI
* Chapter XVII
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Lexington (Kentucky)

Edition of 1879. See also Lexington, Kentucky on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
LEXINGTON, a city and the capital of Fayette co., Kentucky, situated on the Town fork of Elkhorn river, a tributary of the Kentucky, at the intersection of the Louisville, Cincinnati, and Lexington, and the Kentucky Central railroads, 65 m. E. by S. of Louisville, and 20 m. S. E. of Frankfort; pop. in 1860, 9,321; in 1870, 14,801, of whom 7,171 were colored. The surrounding country is of unsurpassed beauty and fertility. The streets are wide, laid out at right angles, and are well paved, lighted with gas, and bordered with trees. Main street is more than 2 m. long; at its W. end is a beautiful cemetery, containing a monument to Henry Clay. Lexington has an important trade, and contains carriage factories and extensive bagging and rope factories. There are three national banks, with an aggregate capital of $900,000, and a state bank, with $550,000. It contains one of the state insane asylums and an orphan asylum, and is the seat of the state university, which in 1871-'2 had 21 professors, 9 other officers and instructors, 579 students in all departments, and 20,000 volumes in its libraries. This institution was chartered in 1858, and opened at Harrodsburg in 1859. In 1865 it was removed to Lexington, and Transylvania university was merged in it. (See Kentucky.) Lexington contains five female educational institutions, viz.: Hocker female college (Disciples'), the Sayre institute, a Baptist female school, an Episcopal female school, and St. Catharine's academy (Roman Catholic), each having handsome and commodious buildings. There are three free schools for white children, with an average attendance of 650 pupils; four for colored children, average 455; and two Catholic schools, average 180. The Lexington library company has 16,000 volumes. There are two semi-weekly and two weekly newspapers and 18 churches.—The first settlement was made in 1775 by Col. Robert
Patterson. The news of the battle of Lexington reached the settlers while they were laying out the town, and they immediately named it after the first battle field of the revolution. The town was incorporated by an act of the Virginia legislature in 1782. The first legislature of Kentucky met here.
College of Arts, Kentucky University.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Lexington (Missouri)

Edition of 1879. See also Lexington, Missouri on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
LEXINGTON, a town and the capital of Lafayette co., Missouri, on the right bank of the Missouri river, 110 m. N. W. of Jefferson City; pop. in 1870, 4,373, of whom 1,178 were colored. It occupies a healthy site 300 ft. above the river. It is the terminus of a branch of the Missouri Pacific railroad, and North Lexington, on the opposite bank of the river, is a station on the St. Louis, Kansas City, and Northern railroad, and the terminus of the St. Joseph branch of that line. The surrounding country is fertile, and contains deposits of coal. Lexington has an important trade, and contains saw mills, flouring mills, rope factories, four banks, three public schools, three female seminaries, four weekly (one German) newspapers, and eleven churches. It was settled in 1837. In September, 1861, there was severe fighting between the federals stationed here, nearly 3,000, under Col. Mulligan, and a confederate force four times as large under Gen. Price, resulting in the surrender of the town and garrison on the 21st.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Lexington (county)

Edition of 1879. See also Lexington County, South Carolina on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
LEXINGTON, a central county of South Carolina, bounded N. E. by the Congaree and S.
W. by the Edisto river, and intersected by the Saluda and N. Edisto; area, 980 sq. m.; pop. in 1870, 12,988, of whom 4,536 were colored. The surface is diversified. The chief productions in 1870 were 46,383 bushels of wheat, 180,729 of Indian corn, 13,584 of oats, 33,647 of sweet potatoes, 2,534 bales of cotton, and 32,275 lbs. of rice. There were 1,568 horses, 954 mules and asses, 3,204 milch cows, 6,521 other cattle, 4,449 sheep, and 16,962 swine; 1 cotton factory, 11 flour mills, and 7 saw mills. Capital, Lexington Court House.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Lewiston (New York)

Edition of 1879. See also Lewiston (village), New York on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
LEWISTON, a town and village of Niagara co., New York, on the Niagara river, 7 m. from its entrance into Lake Ontario, and the same distance below the falls, and on a branch of the New York Central railroad; pop. of the town in 1870, 2,959; of the village, 770. A suspension bridge, with a span of 600 ft., built across the river at this point in 1850, was partially destroyed by an ice jam in 1864. It is to be repaired and used as a railroad bridge, to connect the Lake Ontario Shore railroad with the Great Western railway of Canada. Lewiston is the seat of the Roman Catholic theological seminary of Our Lady of Angels, organized in 1856 and chartered in 1863. In 1814 the town was burned by the British.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Leith

Edition of 1879. See also Leith on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
LEITH, a seaport town of Edinburghshire, Scotland, situated on the Water of Leith at its confluence with the frith of Forth, almost adjoining Edinburgh; pop. in 1871, 44,280. Until the passing of the burgh reform act of 1833, it was dependent upon and governed by the city of Edinburgh, of which it forms the port. It has a Latin school, a mechanics' hall, several hospitals, and a public library. Among its numerous manufactures are sail cloth, glass ware, soap, paints, and chemicals. The town is built on the low ground adjoining the frith. The more ancient streets and lanes are narrow and tortuous, but those of the modern part of the town are commodious and well built. The harbor, originally a difficult one, on account of the sands brought down by the river accumulating within it, is now one of the most commodious on the E. coast; and its piers, docks, and other works which have been constructed within the present century afford excellent accommodation for shipping. A large portion of the trade of this port is with the Hanse towns, Holland, Denmark, and the Russian Baltic ports. The coastwise entrances during the year ending Sept. 30, 1871, were 2,878, tonnage 292,354; the clearances 3,445, tonnage 382,199. The entrances from the colonies and foreign countries were 1,444, tonnage 423,211; the clearances to the same 882, tonnage 335,789. Of the entrances 1,504, tonnage 435,128, and of the clearances 1,310, tonnage 388,555, were foreign vessels. The customs revenue for the same period amounted to £164,245.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Lexington (Virginia)

Edition of 1879. See also Lexington, Virginia on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
LEXINGTON, a town and the capital of Rockbridge co., Virginia, on North river, an affluent of the James, 110 m. W. by N. of Richmond; pop. in 1870, 2,873, of whom 891 were colored. It is situated in a valley and surrounded by beautiful mountain scenery, and is the seat of Washington and Lee university, which in 1872-'3 had 22 officers and instructors, 263 students, and a library of 10,000 volumes. (See Washington and Lee University.) The Virginia military institute, situated here, was organized in 1839 as a state military and scientific school, and the system of instruction and government is similar to that of the United States military academy at West Point. The state makes an annual appropriation of $15,000 for its support, and appoints a number of cadets, who receive their tuition free. In 1872 the institute had 12 professors, 300 students, and a library of 5,000 volumes.
# The Book of Scottish Song/The Farewell 2

The Farewell.
[Mrs. John Hunter.]
Far from hope, and lost to pleasure, Haste away to war's alarms! Sad I leave my soul's dear treasure, For the dismal din of arms.
But, ah! for thee I follow glory, To gain thy love I dare to die; And when my comrades tell my story, Thou shalt lament me with a sigh.
All my griefs will then be over, Sunk in death's eternal rest: You may regret a faithful lover, Though you refuse to make him bless'd.
Bestow a tear of kind compassion To grace a hapless soldier's tomb; And, ah! forgive a fatal passion, Which reason could not overcome.
# The Book of Scottish Song/The Farewell 3

The Farewell.
[Addressed by Tannahill to a fair one who had forsaken him.—Air, "Lord Gregory."]
Accuse me not, inconstant fair, Of being false to thee, For I was true, would still been so, Had'st thou been true to me: But when I knew thy flighted lips Once to a rival's prest, Love-smother'd independence rose, And spurn'd thee from my breast.
The fairest flow'r in nature's field Conceals the rankling thorn; So thou, sweet flow'r! as false as fair, This once kind heart hast torn: 'Twas mine to prove the fellest pangs That slighted love can feel; 'Tis thine to weep that one rash act, Which bids this long farewell.
# The Book of Scottish Song/The Evening Star 1

The Evening Star.
[Thomas Campbell.]
Star, that bringest home the bee, And sett'st the weary labourer free: If any star shed peace, 'tis thou That send'st it from above— Appearing when heaven's breath and brow Are sweet as hers we love. ​Come to the luxuriant skies, Whilst the landscape's odours rise; Whilst far-off lowing herds are heard, And songs, when toil is done, From cottages whose smoke unstirr'd Curls yellow in the sun.
Star of love's soft interviews! Parted lovers on thee muse; Their remembrancer in heaven Of thrilling vows thou art, Too delicious to be riven By absence from the heart.
# The Book of Scottish Song/The Ewie

The Ewie.
[Written by the Rev. John Skinner to an old Highland reel tune. "The Ewie wi' the crooked horn" is supposed to be a metaphor for the whiskey still.]
O, were I able to rehearse, My ewie's praise in proper verse, I'd sound it out as loud and fierce As ever piper's drone could blaw. My ewie wi' the crookit horn! A' that kenn'd her would ha'e sworn, Sic a ewie ne'er was born, Hereabouts nor far awa'.
She neither needed tar nor keel, To mark her upon hip or heel; Her crookit hornie did as weel, To ken her by amang them a'.
She never threatened scab nor rot, But keepit aye her ain jog-trot; Baith to the fauld and to the cot, Was never sweir to lead nor ca'.
A better nor a thriftier beast, Nae honest man need e'er ha'e wish'd; For, silly thing, she never miss'd To ha'e ilk year a lamb or twa.
The first she had I ga'e to Jock, To be to him a kind o' stock; And now the laddie has a flock Of mair than thretty head and twa.
The neist I ga'e to Jean; and now The bairn's sae braw, has faulds sae fu', That lads sae thick come her to woo, They're fain to sleep on hay or straw.
Cauld nor hunger never dang her, Wind or rain could never wrang her; Ance she lay an ouk and langer Forth aneath a wreath o' snaw.
When other ewies lap the dyke, And ate the kale for a' the tyke, My ewie never play'd the like, But teesed about the barn wa'.
I lookit aye at even for her, Lest mishanter should come ower her, Or the fuimart micht devour her, Gin the beastie bade awa'.
Yet, last ouk, for a' my keeping, (Wha can tell o't without greeting?) A villain cam', when I was sleeping, Staw my ewie, horn and a'.
I socht her sair upon the morn, And down aneath a bush o' thorn, There I fand her crookit horn, But my ewie was awa'.
But gin I had the loon that did it, I ha'e sworn as weel as said it, Although the laird himsell forbid it, I sall gi'e his neck a thraw.
I never met wi' sic a turn: At e'en I had baith ewe and horn, Safe steeket up; but, 'gain the morn, Baith ewe and horn were stown awa'.
A' the claes that we ha'e worn, Frae her and hers sae aft was shorn; The loss o' her we could ha'e borne, Had fair-strae death ta'en her awa'.
O, had she died o' croup or cauld, As ewies die when they grow auld, It hadna been, by mony fauld, Sae sair a heart to ane o' us a'.
But thus, puir thing, to lose her life, Beneath a bluidy villain's knife; In troth, I fear that our gudewife Will never get abune 't ava.
O, all ye bards benorth Kinghorn, Call up your muses, let them mourn Our ewie wi' the crookit horn, Frae us stown, and fell'd and a'!
# The Book of Scottish Song/The Ewe-Bughts

The Ewe-Bughts.
[Both the words and the beautiful air of The Ewe-Bughts are of undoubted antiquity. They are given in the Orpheus Caledonius, published in 1725, but belong to a period considerably earlier. Ramsay, in his Tea Table Miscellany, marks the song with a Q, signifying that it was an old song with additions. Ramsay's additions were merely a trifling verbal alteration or two.]
Will ye gae to the ewe-buchts, Marion, And wear in the sheep wi' me? The sun shines sweet, my Marion, But nae half sae sweet as thee.
O, Marion's a bonnie lass, And the blythe blink 's in her e'e; And fain wad I marry Marion, Gin Marion wad marry me.
There's gowd in your garters, Marion, And silk on your white hause-bane; For fain wad I kiss my Marion, At e'en, when I come hame.
There's braw lads in Farnslaw, Marion, Wha gape, and glower wi' their e'e, At kirk when they see my Marion, But nane o' them lo'es like me.
I've nine milk-ewes, my Marion, A cow and a brawny quey; I'll gi'e them a' to my Marion, Just on her bridal-day.
And ye'se get a green sey apron, And waistcoat o' London broun; And wow but ye'se be vap'rin' Whene'er ye gang to the toun.
I'm young and stout, my Marion, Nane dances like me on the green: And, gin ye forsake me, Marion, I'll e'en gae draw up wi' Jean.
Sae put on your pearlins, Marion, And kirtle o' cramasie; And, as sune as my chin has nae hair on, I will come west, and see ye.