# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Classified Table of Contents

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CLASSIFIED TABLE OF CONTENTS
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| I. | Anthropology and Ethnology | Anthropology and Ethnology | Anthropology and Ethnology | Anthropology and Ethnology | 883 |
| II. | Archaeology and Antiquities | Archaeology and Antiquities | Archaeology and Antiquities | Archaeology and Antiquities | 884 |
| III. | Art | Art | Art | Art | 884 |
| | 1. | General | General | General | 884 |
| | 2. | Architecture | Architecture | Architecture | 884 |
| | 3. | Music | Music | Music | 885 |
| | 4. | Painting and Engraving | Painting and Engraving | Painting and Engraving | 886 |
| | 5. | Sculpture | Sculpture | Sculpture | 887 |
| | 6. | Minor Arts | Minor Arts | Minor Arts | 887 |
| | 7. | Stage and Dancing | Stage and Dancing | Stage and Dancing | 888 |
| IV. | Astronomy | Astronomy | Astronomy | Astronomy | 888 |
| V. | Biology | Biology | Biology | Biology | 889 |
| | 1. | General | General | General | 889 |
| | 2. | Botany | Botany | Botany | 889 |
| | | (a) | General | General | 889 |
| | | (b) | Systematic | Systematic | 889 |
| | | (c) | Natural history | Natural history | 889 |
| | 2. | Zoology (for Anatomy and Physiology see under Medical Science) | Zoology (for Anatomy and Physiology see under Medical Science) | Zoology (for Anatomy and Physiology see under Medical Science) | 890 |
| | | (a) | General | General | 890 |
| | | (b) | Systematic | Systematic | 890 |
| | | | (1) | Invertebrata | 890 |
| | | | (2) | Vertebrata | 890 |
| | | (c) | Natural history | Natural history | 890 |
| | | | (1) | Mammals (for Farm Animals see under Industries § Agriculture) | 890 |
| | | | (2) | Birds | 891 |
| | | | (3) | Fishes | 891 |
| | | | (4) | Insects | 891 |
| | | | (5) | Reptiles | 891 |
| | | | (6) | Batrachians | 891 |
| | | | (7) | Other invertebrata | 891 |
| | | (d) | Palaeontology | Palaeontology | 891 |
| | 4. | Biographies | Biographies | Biographies | 891 |
| VI. | Chemistry | Chemistry | Chemistry | Chemistry | 892 |
| | 1. | General | General | General | 892 |
| | 2. | Inorganic | Inorganic | Inorganic | 892 |
| | 3. | Organic | Organic | Organic | 892 |
| | 4. | Biographies | Biographies | Biographies | 892 |
| VII. | Economics and Social Science | Economics and Social Science | Economics and Social Science | Economics and Social Science | 893 |
| | 1. | General | General | General | 893 |
| | 2. | Finance and Currency | Finance and Currency | Finance and Currency | 893 |
| | 3. | Biographies | Biographies | Biographies | 893 |
| VIII. | Education (see also articles on countries § Education) | Education (see also articles on countries § Education) | Education (see also articles on countries § Education) | Education (see also articles on countries § Education) | 894 |
| IX. | Engineering | Engineering | Engineering | Engineering | 894 |
| | 1. | General | General | General | 894 |
| | 2. | Building | Building | Building | 894 |
| | 3. | Locomotion | Locomotion | Locomotion | 894 |
| | 4. | Shipping | Shipping | Shipping | 894 |
| | 5. | Mining and Metallurgy | Mining and Metallurgy | Mining and Metallurgy | 894 |
| | 6. | Biographies | Biographies | Biographies | 894 |
| X. | Geography | Geography | Geography | Geography | 895 |
| | 1. | General subjects and Cartography | General subjects and Cartography | General subjects and Cartography | 895 |
| | 2. | Physical features and Oceanography | Physical features and Oceanography | Physical features and Oceanography | 895 |
| | 3. | Meteorology | Meteorology | Meteorology | 895 |
| | 4. | Europe (continental) | Europe (continental) | Europe (continental) | 895 |
| | | (a) | Physical features | Physical features | 895 |
| | | (b) | Countries (with division and towns) | Countries (with division and towns) | 896 |
| | | | (1) | General list | 896 |
| | | | (2) | Austria-Hungary | 896 |
| | | | (3) | Belgium | 896 |
| | | | (4) | Bulgaria | 896 |
| | | | (5) | Denmark | 896 |
| | | | (6) | France | 896 |
| | | | (7) | Germany | 897 |
| | | | (8) | Greece | 898 |
| | | | (9) | Holland | 899 |
| | | | (10) | Italy | 899 |
| | | | (11) | Luxemburg, Grand Duchy of | 900 |
| | | | (12) | Mediterranean Islands, &c. | 900 |
| | | | (13) | Montenegro | 900 |
| | | | (14) | Norway | 900 |
| | | | (15) | Portugal | 900 |
| | | | (16) | Rumania | 900 |
| | | | (17) | Russia in Europe | 900 |
| | | | (18) | Serbia | 901 |
| | | | (19) | Spain | 901 |
| | | | (20) | Sweden | 901 |
| | | | (21) | Switzerland | 901 |
| | | | (22) | Turkey in Europe | 901 |
| | | | (23) | Ancient geography | 901 |
| | 5. | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland | 902 |
| | | (a) | Physical features | Physical features | 902 |
| | | (b) | Division and Towns | Division and Towns | 902 |
| | | | (1) | England and Wales | 902 |
| | | | (2) | Scotland | 903 |
| | | | (3) | Ireland | 904 |
| | | | (4) | Britain and Ireland, ancient | 904 |
| | 6. | Asia | Asia | Asia | 904 |
| | | (a) | Physical features | Physical features | 904 |
| | | (b) | Countries (with divisions and towns) | Countries (with divisions and towns) | 905 |
| | | | (1) | General list | 905 |
| | | | (2) | Afghanistan | 905 |
| | | | (3) | Baluchistan | 905 |
| | | | (4) | Burma | 905 |
| | | | (5) | Ceylon | 905 |
| | | | (6) | Chinese Empire | 905 |
| | | | (7) | India (with leaser Frontier States) | 905 |
| | | | (8) | Indo-Chlna, French | 906 |
| | | | (9) | Japan | 906 |
| | | | (10) | Korea | 906 |
| | | | (11) | Malay Archipelago | 906 |
| | | | (12) | Persia | 906 |
| | | | (13) | Russia in Asia | 907 |
| | | | (14) | Siam | 907 |
| | | | (15) | Turkey in Asia | 907 |
| | | | (16) | Ancient geography | 907 |
| | 7. | Africa | Africa | Africa | 907 |
| | | (a) | Physical features | Physical features | 907 |
| | | (b) | Countries (with divisions and towns) | Countries (with divisions and towns) | 908 |
| | | | (1) | General list | 908 |
| | | | (2) | Abyssinia | 908 |
| | | | (3) | Algeria | 908 |
| | | | (4) | East Africa (Eritrea to Portuguese E. Africa) | 908 |
| | | | (5) | Egypt | 908 |
| | | | (6) | Morocco | 908 |
| | | | (7) | South Africa (British) | 908 |
| | | | (8) | Sudan | 908 |
| | | | (9) | Tripoli and Tunisia | 908 |
| | | | (10) | West Africa (French W. Africa to German S.W Africa) | 908 |
| | | | (11) | Ancient goography | 908 |
| | 8. | America | America | America | 908 |
| | | (a) | Physical features | Physical features | 908 |
| | | (b) | Countries, general list | Countries, general list | 909 |
| | | (c) | Canada and Newfoundland | Canada and Newfoundland | 909 |
| | | (d) | United States | United States | 909 |
| | | | (1) | States | 909 |
| | | | (2) | Towns | 909 |
| | | (e) | Central America, Mexico and West Indies | Central America, Mexico and West Indies | 911 |
| | | | (1) | British Honduras | 911 |
| | | | (2) | Costa Rica | 911 |
| | | | (3) | Guatemala | 911 |
| | | | (4) | Honduras | 911 |
| | | | (5) | Mexico | 911 |
| | | | (6) | Nicaragua | 911 |
| | | | (7) | Panama | 911 |
| | | | (8) | Salvador | 911 |
| | | | (9) | West Indies | 911 |
| | | (f) | South America | South America | 911 |
| | | | (1) | Argentina | 911 |
| | | | (2) | Bolivia | 911 |
| | | | (3) | Brazil | 911 |
| | | | (4) | Chile | 911 |
| | | | (5) | Colombia | 912 |
| | | | (6) | Ecuador | 912 |
| | | | (7) | Guiana | 912 |
| | | | (8) | Paraguay | 912 |
| | | | (9) | Peru | 912 |
| | | | (9) | Uruguay | 912 |
| | | | (9) | Venezuela | 912 |
| | 9. | Australasia | Australasia | Australasia | 912 |
| | | (a) | Physical features | Physical features | 912 |
| | | (b) | Australia | Australia | 912 |
| | | (c) | New Zealand | New Zealand | 912 |
| | 10. | Oceans, Seas and Oceanic Islands | Oceans, Seas and Oceanic Islands | Oceans, Seas and Oceanic Islands | 912 |
| | | (a) | General list | General list | 912 |
| | | (b) | Atlantic Ocean | Atlantic Ocean | 912 |
| | | (c) | Indian Ocean | Indian Ocean | 912 |
| | | (d) | Pacific Ocean | Pacific Ocean | 912 |
| | | (e) | Polar Regions | Polar Regions | 912 |
| | 11. | Biographies | Biographies | Biographies | 912 |
| XI. | Geology | Geology | Geology | Geology | 913 |
| | 1. | General | General | General | 913 |
| | 2. | Stratigraphy | Stratigraphy | Stratigraphy | 913 |
| | 3. | Mineralogy and Crystallography | Mineralogy and Crystallography | Mineralogy and Crystallography | 913 |
| | 4. | Petrology | Petrology | Petrology | 914 |
| | 5. | Biographies | Biographies | Biographies | 914 |
| XII. | History (for Historians see under Literature) | History (for Historians see under Literature) | History (for Historians see under Literature) | History (for Historians see under Literature) | 884 |
| | 1. | General | General | General | 914 |
| | 2. | Heraldry, Titles and Offices | Heraldry, Titles and Offices | Heraldry, Titles and Offices | 914 |
| | 3. | Europe | Europe | Europe | 914 |
| | | (a) | General | General | 914 |
| | | (b) | Wars | Wars | 915 |
| | | (c) | Battles | Battles | 915 |
| | | (d) | Austria-Hungary | Austria-Hungary | 915 |
| | | (e) | Balkan Peninsula | Balkan Peninsula | 915 |
| | | (f) | France | France | 915 |
| | | (g) | Franks | Franks | 917 |
| | | (h) | Germany | Germany | 917 ​ |
| | | (i) | Greece | Greece | 917 |
| | | (j) | Holy Roman Empire | Holy Roman Empire | 918 |
| | | (k) | Italy | Italy | 918 |
| | | (l) | Macedonia (see under Greece, Asia and Turkey) | Macedonia (see under Greece, Asia and Turkey) | 918 |
| | | (m) | Netherlands | Netherlands | 918 |
| | | (n) | Papacy | Papacy | 918 |
| | | (o) | Poland | Poland | 919 |
| | | (p) | Portugal | Portugal | 919 |
| | | (q) | Rome (to A.D. 476) | Rome (to A.D. 476) | 919 |
| | | (r) | Roman Empire, Later | Roman Empire, Later | 919 |
| | | (s) | Rumania | Rumania | 919 |
| | | (t) | Russia | Russia | 919 |
| | | (u) | Scandinavia | Scandinavia | 920 |
| | | (v) | Sicily | Sicily | 920 |
| | | (w) | Spain | Spain | 920 |
| | | (x) | Switzerland | Switzerland | 920 |
| | | (y) | Turkey | Turkey | 920 |
| | | (z) | United Kingdom | United Kingdom | 920 |
| | 4. | Asia | Asia | Asia | 923 |
| | | (a) | General subjects | General subjects | 923 |
| | | (b) | General Biographies | General Biographies | 923 |
| | | (c) | Asia Minor | Asia Minor | 923 |
| | | (d) | Babylonia and Assyria | Babylonia and Assyria | 923 |
| | | (e) | Caliphate (Eastern) | Caliphate (Eastern) | 923 |
| | | (f) | China | China | 923 |
| | | (g) | Crusades | Crusades | 923 |
| | | (h) | India (with Afghanistan) | India (with Afghanistan) | 923 |
| | | (i) | Japan | Japan | 924 |
| | | (j) | Jews (see further under Literature, § Hebrew, and Religion, § Bible | Jews (see further under Literature, § Hebrew, and Religion, § Bible | 924 |
| | | (k) | Macedonian Empire | Macedonian Empire | 924 |
| | | (l) | Persia | Persia | 924 |
| | 5. | Africa | Africa | Africa | 924 |
| | | (a) | General subjects | General subjects | 924 |
| | | (b) | General Biographies | General Biographies | 924 |
| | | (c) | Africa, ancient | Africa, ancient | 924 |
| | | (d) | Egypt | Egypt | 924 |
| | | (e) | South Africa | South Africa | 924 |
| | 6. | America | America | America | 924 |
| | | (a) | General subjects | General subjects | 924 |
| | | (b) | General Biographies | General Biographies | 924 |
| | | (c) | Canada | Canada | 924 |
| | | (d) | United States | United States | 924 |
| | | | (1) | General subjects | 924 |
| | | | (2) | Wars and Battles | 924 |
| | | | (3) | Biographies | 925 |
| | 7. | Australia | Australia | Australia | 925 |
| XIII. | Industries, Manufactures and Occupations | Industries, Manufactures and Occupations | Industries, Manufactures and Occupations | Industries, Manufactures and Occupations | 925 |
| | 1. | General | General | General | 925 |
| | 2. | Textiles | Textiles | Textiles | 926 |
| | 3. | Agriculture (for Crops see Botany) | Agriculture (for Crops see Botany) | Agriculture (for Crops see Botany) | 926 |
| | 4. | Foods and Beverages | Foods and Beverages | Foods and Beverages | 926 |
| | 5. | Occupations | Occupations | Occupations | 926 |
| | 6. | Biographies | Biographies | Biographies | 926 |
| XIV. | Language and Writing | Language and Writing | Language and Writing | Language and Writing | 926 |
| XV. | Law and Political Science | Law and Political Science | Law and Political Science | Law and Political Science | 927 |
| | 1. | Law | Law | Law | 927 |
| | 2. | Crime and Punishment | Crime and Punishment | Crime and Punishment | 928 |
| | 3. | Biographies | Biographies | Biographies | 928 |
| XVI. | Literature | Literature | Literature | Literature | 929 |
| | 1. | General | General | General | 929 |
| | 2. | Arabia | Arabia | Arabia | 930 |
| | 3. | Austria-Hungary | Austria-Hungary | Austria-Hungary | 930 |
| | 4. | Belgium and Flanders | Belgium and Flanders | Belgium and Flanders | 930 |
| | 5. | British Empire | British Empire | British Empire | 930 |
| | 6. | Classical: Greek and Latin | Classical: Greek and Latin | Classical: Greek and Latin | 932 |
| | | (a) | Subjects | Subjects | 932 |
| | | (a) | Biographies | Biographies | 932 |
| | | | (1) | Greek | 932 |
| | | | (2) | Byzantine | 932 |
| | | | (3) | Latin | 933 |
| | | | (4) | Classical scholars | 933 |
| | 7. | Denmark | Denmark | Denmark | 933 |
| | 8. | France | France | France | 933 |
| | 9. | Germany | Germany | Germany | 935 |
| | 10. | Hebrew, Armenian and Syriac | Hebrew, Armenian and Syriac | Hebrew, Armenian and Syriac | 935 |
| | 11. | Holland | Holland | Holland | 935 |
| | 12. | Iceland | Iceland | Iceland | 935 |
| | 13. | India | India | India | 935 |
| | 14. | Italy | Italy | Italy | 936 |
| | 15. | Norway | Norway | Norway | 936 |
| | 16. | Persia | Persia | Persia | 936 |
| | 17. | Poland | Poland | Poland | 936 |
| | 18. | Portugal | Portugal | Portugal | 936 |
| | 19. | Russia | Russia | Russia | 936 |
| | 20. | Spain | Spain | Spain | 936 |
| | 21. | Sweden | Sweden | Sweden | 936 |
| | 22. | Switzerland | Switzerland | Switzerland | 936 |
| | 23. | United States | United States | United States | 936 |
| | 24. | Miscellaneous | Miscellaneous | Miscellaneous | 937 |
| XVII. | Mathematics | Mathematics | Mathematics | Mathematics | 937 |
| XVIII. | Medical Science | Medical Science | Medical Science | Medical Science | 937 |
| | 1. | General | General | General | 937 |
| | 2. | Anatomy and Physiology | Anatomy and Physiology | Anatomy and Physiology | 937 |
| | 3. | Pathology, Therapeutics and Surgery | Pathology, Therapeutics and Surgery | Pathology, Therapeutics and Surgery | 937 |
| | 4. | Pharmacology | Pharmacology | Pharmacology | 938 |
| | 5. | Public Health | Public Health | Public Health | 938 |
| | 6. | Veterinary Science | Veterinary Science | Veterinary Science | 938 |
| | 7. | Biographies | Biographies | Biographies | 938 |
| XIX. | Military and Naval | Military and Naval | Military and Naval | Military and Naval | 938 |
| XX. | Philosophy and Psychology | Philosophy and Psychology | Philosophy and Psychology | Philosophy and Psychology | 939 |
| XXI. | Physics | Physics | Physics | Physics | 940 |
| | 1. | General | General | General | 940 |
| | 2. | Sound | Sound | Sound | 940 |
| | 3. | Light | Light | Light | 940 |
| | 4. | Heat | Heat | Heat | 940 |
| | 5. | Magnetism | Magnetism | Magnetism | 940 |
| | 6. | Electricity | Electricity | Electricity | 940 |
| | 7. | Weights and Measures | Weights and Measures | Weights and Measures | 940 |
| | 8. | Biographies | Biographies | Biographies | 940 |
| XXII. | Religion and Theology | Religion and Theology | Religion and Theology | Religion and Theology | 941 |
| | 1. | (a) | General | General | 941 |
| | | (b) | Doctrines and Terms | Doctrines and Terms | 941 |
| | 2. | History of Christianity | History of Christianity | History of Christianity | 941 |
| | | (a) | Church History to the Council of Trent | Church History to the Council of Trent | 941 |
| | | | (1) | General | 941 |
| | | | (2) | Heresies | 941 |
| | | | (3) | Saints | 941 |
| | | | (4) | Christian Documents | 941 |
| | | | (5) | Religious Orders | 941 |
| | | | (6) | Biographies | 941 |
| | | (b) | Roman Catholic Church | Roman Catholic Church | 942 |
| | | | (1) | Subjects | 942 |
| | | | (2) | Biographies | 942 |
| | | (c) | Eastern Churches | Eastern Churches | 942 |
| | | | (1) | Subjects | 942 |
| | | | (2) | Biographies | 942 |
| | | (d) | Reformation | Reformation | 942 |
| | | | (1) | Subjects | 942 |
| | | | (2) | Biographies | 942 |
| | | (e) | Church of England | Church of England | 942 |
| | | | (1) | Subjects | 942 |
| | | | (2) | Biographies | 942 |
| | | (f) | Modern Continental Churches (Reformed) | Modern Continental Churches (Reformed) | 943 |
| | | | (1) | Subjects | 943 |
| | | | (2) | Biographies | 943 |
| | | (g) | Free Churches (British Empire and U.S., including Established Church of Scotland) | Free Churches (British Empire and U.S., including Established Church of Scotland) | 943 |
| | | | (1) | Subjects | 943 |
| | | | (2) | Biographies | 943 |
| | | (h) | Ecclesiastical Offices | Ecclesiastical Offices | 944 |
| | | (i) | Ecclesiology (Liturgy, Ritual and Vestments) | Ecclesiology (Liturgy, Ritual and Vestments) | 944 |
| | | (j) | Ecclesiastical Seasons | Ecclesiastical Seasons | 944 |
| | 3. | Bible and Biblical Criticism | Bible and Biblical Criticism | Bible and Biblical Criticism | 944 |
| | | (a) | Subjects (including Biblical personages) | Subjects (including Biblical personages) | 944 |
| | | (b) | Biographies of critics | Biographies of critics | 945 |
| | 4. | Judaism | Judaism | Judaism | 945 |
| | 5. | Mahommedan Religion | Mahommedan Religion | Mahommedan Religion | 945 |
| | 6. | Comparative Religion and Folklore | Comparative Religion and Folklore | Comparative Religion and Folklore | 945 |
| | | (a) | General | General | 945 |
| | | (b) | Greek and Roman | Greek and Roman | 945 |
| | | (c) | Asia, Asia Minor and Egypt | Asia, Asia Minor and Egypt | 946 |
| | | (d) | European and American | European and American | 946 |
| XXIII. | Sports and Pastimes | Sports and Pastimes | Sports and Pastimes | Sports and Pastimes | 946 |
| XXIV. | Miscellaneous | Miscellaneous | Miscellaneous | Miscellaneous | 946 |
| | 1. | Chronology | Chronology | Chronology | 946 |
| | 2. | Costume and Toilet | Costume and Toilet | Costume and Toilet | 947 |
| | 3. | Manners and Customs | Manners and Customs | Manners and Customs | 947 |
| | 4. | Names | Names | Names | 947 |