OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Abbey, Edwin Austin

Edition of 1920. See also Edwin Austin Abbey on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
ABBEY, Edwin Austin, American artist: b. Philadelphia, 3 April 1852; d. London, 1 Aug. 1911; studied at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts; lived in New York and drew illustrations of a high order for periodicals, also painting water-colors, till 1883, when he removed to England. His two most individual qualities have been his love for English country life and scenery and for the old English poets and dramatists, both of which have resulted in notable illustrations (as of Shakespeare, Goldsmith, etc.) and paintings; and his ability as a colorist, though much of his work has been done without color. He had also deep intellectual and spiritual qualities; and all these faculties and tastes together combine in the famous panels of the ‘Search for the Holy Grail’ on the upper walls of the delivery room at the Boston Public Library He was elected member of the Royal Academy July 1898; was one of the American jurors on paintings in the Paris Exposition of 1900; and was commissioned by Edward VII to paint the coronation scene in Westminster Abbey. He married, in 1890, Miss Mary Mead of New York. Though many years resident in England Abbey never abandoned his American nationality. Consult Radcliffe, ‘Schools and Masters of Painting’ (1898), Müther, ‘History of Modern Painting’ (1896).
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Abbe, Truman

Edition of 1920. See also Truman Abbe on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
ABBE, Truman, American surgeon, son of Cleveland Abbe and brother of Cleveland Abbe, Jr.: b. Washington, D. C., 1. Nov. 1873. After his graduation from Harvard University, in 1895, he studied medicine at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, at Columbia University, New York, gaining his degree of M. D. in 1899. After a year's post-graduate course at the University of Berlin he served for two years in several hospitals in New York city. In 1902 he was appointed instructor of physics and physiology at Georgetown University and in the following year surgery was added to his subjects. In 1905 he became instructor in physiology at George Washington University and in 1909 he became also instructor in surgery at the same institution. From 1906 to 1910 he was chief surgeon of the Garfield Surgical Dispensary. In 1907 he was awarded a silver medal at the Jamestown Exposition for his researches into the use of radium as applied to medicine. Besides many articles on radium in medical journals he contributed to Vol. III of Wharton and Stiller's ‘Medical Jurisprudence’ (1905), and (with F. H. Bowlby) wrote ‘Physical Conditions and Treatment.’
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Abbey

Edition of 1920. See also Abbey on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
ABBEY, a monastery or religious community of the highest class, governed by an abbot, assisted generally by a prior, sub-prior, and other subordinate functionaries; or, in the case of a female community, superintended by an abbess. A priory differed from an abbey only in being on a smaller scale, and governed by a superior named a prior. Abbeys or monasteries first rose in the East. Among the most famous abbeys on the European continent were those of Clugny, Clairvaux, and Citeaux in France; of St. Galle in Switzerland, and of Fulda in Germany; in England, those of Westminster, St. Mary's of York, Fountains, Kirkstall, Tintern, Rievalux, Netley, Paisley, and Arbroath. The English abbeys were wholly abolished by Henry VIII at the Reformation. Abbeys were usually strongly, with walls which served as a defense against enemies and within which were large buildings in which the occupants carried on the work to which they had been assigned. See Abbot; Monastery.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Abbey, Henry

Edition of 1920. See also Henry Abbey on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
ABBEY, Henry, poet and journalist: b. Rondout, N. Y., 11 July 1842; d. 1911. He published several collections of pleasing verse: ‘May Dreams’ (1862); ‘Ralph, and Others Poems’ (1866); ‘Ballads of Good Deeds’ (1872); ‘Collected Works’ (1885; 3d ed. 1895); ‘Phaethon’ (1901); ‘Poems’ (1904).
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Abbe, Cleveland, Jr.

Edition of 1920. See also Cleveland Abbe Jr. on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
ABBE, Cleveland, Jr., American geographer and geologist, son of Cleveland Abbe: b. Washington, D. C., 25 March 1872. After graduating from Harvard University in 1894 he took up a post-graduate course at Johns Hopkins University, receiving his degree of Ph. D. in 1898. In 1894, on graduating from Harvard, he was appointed instructor in physiography at the Corcoran Scientific School of Columbian, now George Washington University, which position he held until 1897. From 1896 until 1901 he was an assistant in the Maryland Geological Survey and, at various times during this period, taught geology and biology in the Western Maryland College. In 1899 he was appointed acting professor of natural sciences in the Winthrop Normal and Industrial College in South Carolina. In 1901 he left this position to follow a two years' special course in geography at the Imperial University, Vienna. Upon his return, two years later, he was appointed aid in the United States Geological Survey and, in 1906, he became research observer in the Weather Bureau. From 1908 to 1910 he was assistant editor of the Monthly Weather Review, after which he was appointed assistant librarian of the Weather Bureau.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Abbeville

Edition of 1920. See also Abbeville on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
ABBEVILLE, France, ab-vēl (“abbey-town,” of St. Riquier's), capital of Abbeville arrondissement, dept. Somme; 28 miles north-west of Amiens on both banks of the Somme and an island in it, 12 miles from its mouth and head of navigation (at high tide vessels of 150 to 200 tons can reach it) connected by canals with Amiens (25 miles distant), Lille, Paris, and Belgium; on the Northern Ry. It is an old, narrow-streeted, picturesque town, with strong fortifications on Vauban's system; has a wonderfully fine church of the flamboyant order, St. Wolfran's, begun under Louis XII (1462–1515), a very interesting city hall built in 1209, and a library of 1690 now containing 45,000 volumes. It manufactures jewelry, soaps, glassware, and various fabrics, as velvets, cottons, linens, etc. But its chief interest to the foreign world is for the relics and implements of primitive man (the cave-dweller) and the fossils of extinct animals found in its neighborhood. Pop. (1914) 20,373.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Abbeville, S. C.

Edition of 1920. See also Abbeville, South Carolina on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
ABBEVILLE, S. C., county seat of Abbeville County; on the Southern and Seaboard A. L. railways; 105 miles west of Columbia. It is in a rich cotton-growing region; is noted for its fine climate, which makes it a popular resort for Northern invalids, and has a national bank, excellent public schools, several large manufactories connected with the cotton industry, railroad repair shops, flour and seed mills, brickyards, etc. Property valuation over $500,000; bonded debt less than $55,000. Pop. (1910) 4,459; (1917) 5,000.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Abbeville Treaties

Edition of 1920. See also Treaty of Paris (1259) on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
ABBEVILLE TREATIES. (1) A treaty in 1259 between Louis IX of France (“St. Louis”) and Henry III of England, to settle definitively the territorial rights of the two crowns, Louis fearing that his title to some possessions was liable to dispute, and having sought a settlement for many years. It was negotiated at Paris with Simon de Montfort, Earl of Leicester, and signed by the two kings at Abbeville during Henry's visit to France, 1259–60, but dated back to 20 May 1259. Henry resigned all title to Normandy, Maine, Anjou, Touraine, and North Saintonge; Louis turned over Périgord, Limousin, South Saintonge, and some districts south of the Loire, to he held by Henry in fief, – a surrender which so enraged the inhabitants that they refused to celebrate Louis' birthday. Henry resigned the titles of Duke of Normandy and Count of Anjou, and agreed to do homage at Paris for those of Duke of Guienne and peer of France. (2) Between Henry VIII and Francis I in 1527, Wolsey representing England.
# The Gray Jacket

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
72 U.S. 370
The Gray Jacket
THE case of the Gray Jacket, reported on the last preceding pages, was argued partly on one occasion and partly on another, Mr. Eames, who spoke for the captors, having been taken suddenly and, as the unfortunate issue proved, fatally ill while addressing the court, and the case having been adjourned in the midst of the argument.
The case being subsequently called with a view of seeing how far counsel were ready to go on, it was mentioned that Mr. Cushing would appear in behalf of the Treasury Department, to justify the remission, which the preceding report shows had been granted, of the right accrued to the United States and captors by a decree of condemnation of the vessel as prize. Some remark being made by the court as to the circumstance that the United States were on the side of the captors while the Treasury Department appeared in an antagonistic position, and a doubt being expressed whether it was quite allowable that the Treasury should thus appear, Mr. Cushing referred the matter of his taking part to the pleasure of the court; observing only that he was prepared to speak in support of the act of the Secretary of the Treasury, if desired.
Before the case came to be finally argued in conclusion—
The CHIEF JUSTICE delivered the opinion of the court on this point:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The Gray Jacket/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
United States Supreme Court
72 U.S. 370
The Gray Jacket
The court has considered the question whether counsel shall be heard in this cause on behalf of the Treasury Department, and has instructed me to say that in causes where the United States is a party, and is represented by the Attorney-General or the Assistant Attorney-General, or special counsel employed by the Attorney-General, no counsel can be heard in opposition on behalf of any other of the departments of the government.
In the present case, however, the argument has doubtless proceeded under the impression at the bar that counsel would be heard on behalf of the Treasury Department, and the court is desirous of all the light that can be derived from the fullest discussion. The counsel for the Treasury Department may be heard, therefore, if he sees fit, on behalf of the claimant, and two hours will be allowed for the argument, without prejudice to the time which remains to the counsel who opened the cause, for reply to the Attorney-General and the counsel for the captors.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The Gray Jacket Merits

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
72 U.S. 342
The Gray Jacket Merits

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The Gray Mask

All chapters were first published as individual short stories in Collier's magazine, 1915. The story was adapted to film in 1915; and published in book form 1920.
"'Even if you had croaked him you wouldn't dare acknowledge it here. Why, George, you're kneeling where he lay'"
THE GRAY MASK
BY WADSWORTH CAMP
AUTHOR OF
"THE ABANDONED ROOM"
"THE HOUSE OF FEAR," ETC
FRONTISPIECE BY
WALTER DE MARIS
Garden City New York
DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY
1920
COPYRIGHT, 1920, BY
DOUBLEDAY. PAGE & COMPANY
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED, INCLUDING THAT OF
TRANSLATION INTO FOREIGN LANGUAGES,
INCLUDING THE SCANDINAVIAN
Copyright, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, by P. F. Collier & Sons, Inc.,
in the United States, Great Britain and Canada
Contents
* chapterpage
* I.Garth Is Shown a Gray Mask3
* II.It Opens Nora's Eyes14
* III.In the Steel Room30
* IV.Garth Buys a Boutonnière45
* V.What Happened at Elmford51
* VI.A Crying Through the Silence68
* VII.Nora Fears for Garth95
* VIII.Through the Dark103
* IX.The Phantom Army118
* X.The Coins and the Chinaman140
* XI.Nora Disappears in an Empty House151
* XII.The Hidden Door163
* XIII.Alsop's Incredible Visitor183
* XIV.The Levantine Who Guarded a Curtain195
* XV.The Veiled Woman209
* XVI.A Note from the Dead224
* XVII.The Knife by the Lifeless Hand239
* XVIII.The Stained Robe250
* XIX.Payment Is Demanded for the Gray Mask264
* XX.The Black Cap277
* XXI.The Antics of a Train290
THE GRAY MASK
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
The longest-living author of this work died in 1936, so this work is in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 87 years or less. This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The Heart asks Pleasure—first—

* "The heart asks pleasure first" in Poems (1890)
* "The heart asks pleasure first" in The Complete Poems of Emily Dickinson (1924)
# The Heart of England

Layout 2
THE HEART OF ENGLAND
THE HEART OF ENGLAND
by Edward Thomas
LONDON J. M. DENT & CO. 1909
All rights reserved
TO
HENRY W. NEVINSON
CONTENTS
PART I
LEAVING TOWN
PART II
THE LOWLAND
PART III
THE UPLAND
PART IV
THE MOUNTAINS
PART IV
THE SEA
NOTE
Of the five songs printed at the end of this book, only "La Fille du Roi" has been published before, I believe. "The Holm Bank Hunting Song" and "Poor Old Horse" were sung by competitors for folk-song prizes at the annual Westmoreland Musical Festival, and I owe them to the kindness of Mr. George Rathbone. "The Mowing Song" and "Mary, come into the Field," were given to me by friends.
Edward Thomas.
* THE HEART OF ENGLAND SERIES
* This Series opens with a new work by Mr. Edward Thomas, that curious and enthusiastic explorer of the English Countryside, whose prose style gives him a claim to be regarded as the successor, as he is the biographer, of Richard Jefferies. The Series includes a new edition of Mr. Thomas's other work, "The Heart of England," and Mr. Hilaire Belloc's "The Historic Thames." These two volumes were originally issued in limited editions at one Guinea net per volume.
* THE SOUTH COUNTRY. By Edward Thomas. Small crown 8vo. 3s. 6d. net.
* Mr. Thomas in this new book gives his impressions of a year's wanderings afoot as the seasons change through Kent, Sussex, Hampshire, Wiltshire and Cornwall. It is a prose-poem of the most beautiful counties in England.
* THE HEART OF ENGLAND.
* By Edward Thomas. Small crown 8vo. 3s. 6d. net.
* THE HISTORIC THAMES.
* By Hilaire Belloc, M.P. 3s. 6d. net.
* Prospectus of above Books sent post free on application.
* J. M. DENT & CO.
* 29-30, BEDFORD STREET, LONDON, W.C.
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The Heart has many Doors—

The Heart has many Doors — I can but knock — For any sweet "Come in" Impelled to hark — Not saddened by repulse, Repast to me That somewhere, there exists, Supremacy —
# The Heart of Darkness (Blackwood's Magazine)

* The Heart of Darkness
* The Heart of Darkness (Part 2)
* The Heart of Darkness (Conclusion)
# The Heart of Bruce, in Melrose Abbey

* The Heart of Bruce in Melrose Abbey, in Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine Volume 26, 1829.
* The Heart of Bruce in Melrose Abbey, in Songs of the Affections, with Other Poems (Miscellaneous Poems), 1830.
# The Heart of Darkness

This highly symbolic story is actually a story within a story, or frame tale, following a man named Charlie Marlow as he recounts his adventure to a group of men on a ship at dusk and continuing into the evening. It details an incident earlier in Marlow's life, a journey on what readers can assume is the Congo River (although the name of the country Marlow is visiting is never specified in the text) to investigate the work of Kurtz, a Belgian ivory trader in the Congo Free State.
* The Heart of Darkness (Blackwood's Magazine) as first serialized in Blackwood's Magazine in 1899
* Heart of Darkness as published in Youth: a Narrative, and Two Other Stories in 1902
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Achill Isle

Edition of 1920. See also Achill Island on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
ACHILL, ăk′îl, or EAGLE ISLE, Ireland, the largest island off the coast, included in the western county of Mayo. It is of triangular shape about 15 miles long from east to west and 12 miles from north to south; area, 57 square miles. The surface is mountainous, rising in peaks to heights of over 2,200 feet; and the coast line is bold and picturesque. There are several fishing villages, of which Dugort, the principal, has modern hotels to accommodate several visitors. Pop. 5,000.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Achæa

Edition of 1920. See also Achaea (ancient region) on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
ACHÆA. See Achaia.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Achæmenidæ

Edition of 1920. See also Achaemenid Empire on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
ACHÆMENIDÆ, ak′ē-men′i-dē, the Greek name of the Persian dynasty (558–330 b.c.) founded by Cyrus the Great, including Cambyses, Darius I and II, Xerxes, Artaxerxes, etc., and ended by Alexander the Great. The family took its name from an ancestor of Cyrus, found in Persian inscriptions as Haxamanisya, which the Greeks softened to Achæmenes (a-kē′men-ēz).
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Acheron

Edition of 1920. See also Acheron on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
ACHERON, àk′ẹ-ron, the ancient name of several rivers in Greece and Italy, all connected by legend with the lower world. The principal was a river of Thesprotia in Epirus, which passes through Lake Acherusia, receives the Cocytus (Vuvó), and flows into the Ionian Sea south of the promontory of Chimerium, at Glycys Limen or Elæa, now Port Fanari. At one part its course lies between mountains rising precipitously to the hight of 3,000 feet. The name is also given to a river of Elis, a tributary of the Alpheus, and to a small river of Bruttium, in Italy, near Pandosia (location uncertain), near which Alexander of Epirus fell in battle against the Lucanians and Bruttians (326 b.c.). Their legendary celebrity appears to have been originally due to the Acheron in Thesprotia. This country being regarded by the Greeks as the end of the world in the West, they supposed the entrance to the lower world to be here. As this district became better known, the legendary river was placed elsewhere, and finally transferred to the lower regions. In Homer, Acheron is represented as a river of Hades. According to later traditions a son of Helios and Gæa or Demeter, who bore this name, was changed into an infernal river as a punishment for giving drink to the Titans during their war with Zeus. The Etruscans are said to have worshipped Acheron. The name of Acheron was ultimately used in a poetic or figurative way to designate the whole of the lower world.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Ac′etates

Edition of 1920. See also Acetate on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
AC′ETATES, compounds of acetic acid with metals or organic radicals. See Acetic Acid.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Ac′etone

Edition of 1920. See also Acetone on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
AC′ETONE. (1) A limpid, mobile liquid with a taste suggestive of peppermint. Formula, CH$_3$COCH$_3$. It occurs in crude wood-alcohol, from which it can be separated by distilling over calcium chloride. It is also obtained by the destructive distillation of acetates, notably those of barium and lead. It occurs in the urine, blood and brain of calcium diabetic patients. Lieben's test for acetone in the urine is as follows: Distilled urine is made alkaline by caustic potash and and a few drops of a solution of iodine and iodide of potassium are added. If acetone is present a yellow precipitate of iodoform is formed at once; if alcohol be present in the distillate, the same reaction takes place, but more slowly; but with acetone the reaction is immediate. Acetone is very inflammable and burns with a white smokeless flame. It boils at 133° F. at ordinary atmospheric pressure; its specific gravity at ordinary temperatures is about 0.800. Acetone is a valuable solvent for scientific and technical purposes. One of its most important uses if the solution of acetylene (q. v.). (2) Any one of a certain class of carbon compounds in which two alcoholic radicals are united by the group CO. These compounds are now called ketones to distinguish them from the particular member of the group defined in (1), above.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Achæi

Edition of 1920. See also Achaeans (Homer) on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
ACHÆI, ak-ī′ē, ACHAIANS, ak-ā-yans, or ACHÆANS, ak-e′ans, the descendants of the mythical Achæus, son of Xuthus and grandson of Helen; a generic term employed by Homer to designate the whole Hellenic host before Troy, and in poetic use applied to all the Greeks indiscriminately. They appear to have been that batch of the Greeks which inhabited southeastern Thessaly and northern Peloponnesus, and by the Dorian invasion were driven altogether beyond the Corinthian Gulf and cooped into a strip of Peloponnesus along its southern shore, where they were the nucleus of the later Achaian League. See Achaia.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Ac′etoni′trile

Edition of 1920. See also Acetonitrile on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
AC′ETONI′TRILE, a colorless liquid with a pleasant ethereal odor and burning with a reddish-bordered flame. It has the formula C$_2$H$_3$N, and is isomeric with methyl cyanide. It is best prepared by distilling a mixture of potassium cyanide and potassium-methyl-sulphate. It boils at 178° F. at ordinary atmospheric pressure and has a specific gravity of 0.79. It mixes with alcohol and water.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Acherontia atropos

Edition of 1920. See also Acherontia atropos on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
ACHERONTIA ATROPOS. See Death’s head Moth.