# Picturesque Dunedin/Education

EDUCATION.
BY DR. HISLOP.
PROVISION FOR EDUCATION UNDER THE ORIGINAL OTAGO SETTLEMENT SCHEME.
HE settlers of Otago manifested from the outset a determination to establish and maintain a liberal and comprehensive system of public school education. When the settlement was founded in 1847–48 by the Otago Association under an agreement with the New Zealand Company, the price of land in the Otago block was fixed at forty shillings per acre. Only one-fourth of the proceeds of the land sales was to be retained by the Company; the balance was to be expended on various public purposes in certain fixed proportions. It was part of the agreement that one-eighth of the entire proceeds should be set apart for "religious and educational uses," under the control of Trustees acting on behalf of the Presbyterian Church of Otago. Instead of this proportion of the proceeds being paid to the Church Trustees in cash, it was invested in the purchase of land within the settlement, so as to form an endowment for the maintenance of churches and schools. When the New Zealand Company's scheme came to an end in 1852, the Trustees had acquired in this way 22 properties of 60½ acres each, viz., 22 quarter-acre town sections; 22 ten-acre suburban sections; and 22 rural sections of 50 acres each; making in all, 1325½ acres. The original aggregate price of these properties was £2651. For some years the annual revenue from them was trifling, the average for the six years 1852–57 scarcely reaching £34. Of late years, however, the revenue has been considerable, the amount of rental received for the year 1887 having been returned at £4,892 13s 3d.
In the year 1852, the Imperial Parliament passed the New Zealand Constitution Act, by which the original Otago block was greatly enlarged, and was constituted one of the seven Provinces ​into which the colony was divided by the Act. The arrangement between the New Zealand Company and the Otago Association was consequently brought to a close, and no further additions could be made to the estate held by the Presbyterian Church Trustees "for religious and educational uses." The duty of providing the means of education within the newly-formed Province of Otago was left to the Provincial Government, in whom the administration of public affairs was now vested. This duty was taken up so heartily by the Government and the Provincial Council, that the Church authorities very wisely resolved to refrain from maintaining rival denominational schools.
No agreement had yet been come to regarding the proportion of the Presbyterian Church endowment that should be appropriated to educational, as distinct from ecclesiastical uses, and after full discussion of the question, a general willingness was expressed by ministers and members of the Church that some definite proportion should be devoted to educational purposes, from which not the Presbyterian Church alone, but the whole of the community, should derive benefit. It was agreed that the proportion should be one-third, and in 1866, the "Presbyterian Church Lands Act" was passed by the Colonial Parliament, providing that two-thirds of the clear annual revenue derived from the endowment, should be devoted by the Synod of the Presbyterian Church to ecclesiastical purposes in Otago and Southland, and that the remaining third should be applied by the Church Trustees to the erection and endowment of a literary chair or chairs in any college or university that might be established in the Province of Otago. The funds thus placed at the disposal of the Trustees have enabled them to establish three professorial chairs in the University of Otago, viz.—Mental and Moral Philosophy, 1871; English Language ​and Literature, 1881; and Natural Philosophy, 1884. As the annual revenue from the trust has now probably reached its highest limit, or nearly so, there is little or no prospect of any addition being made for some considerable time to the number of chairs already instituted. Very full information regarding the Otago Presbyterian Church Fund is supplied by the Rev. W. Gillies, of Timaru, in a "Historical Narrative" published by him some years ago.
The following balance-sheet was submitted to the Synod at its annual meeting in October, 1888:—
Education Fund.
For twelve months ending 30th September, 1888.
Dr. :
| | December 31st, 1887. |
| To Cash paid— ||
| | Professors' salaries | £1800 | 0 | 0 |
| | Assessment, Synod expenses | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| | Insurance premiums | 2 | 14 | 3 |
| | Commission, 5 per cent. on £589 9s 1d | 29 | 9 | 6 |
| | | | | | £1932 | 3 | 9 |
| {{{1}}}„ | Balance | Balance | Balance | Balance | 11,960 | 9 | 0 |
| | | | | | £13,892 | 12 | 9 |
| Cr. ||||||||
| | December 31st, 1886. |
| By Balance | By Balance | | | | £11,738 | 5 | 6 |
| | December 31st, 1887. |
| {{{1}}}„ | One-third net revenue | £1564 | 18 | 2 |
| {{{1}}}„ | Interest on investments | 589 | 9 | 1 |
| | | | | | 2154 | 7 | 3 |
| | | | | | £13,892 | 12 | 9 |
| Memo. of Balance. ||||||||
| | December 31st, 1887— |
| Loans on mortgage | Loans on mortgage | Loans on mortgage | Loans on mortgage | Loans on mortgage | £8767 | 10 | 0 |
| Fixed deposit | Fixed deposit | Fixed deposit | Fixed deposit | Fixed deposit | 2000 | 0 | 0 |
| Debentures | Debentures | Debentures | Debentures | Debentures | 300 | 0 | 0 |
| Cash in Bank | Cash in Bank | Cash in Bank | Cash in Bank | Cash in Bank | 892 | 19 | 0 |
| | | | | | £11,960 | 9 | 0 |
THE FIRST SCHOOL AND TEACHER.
Among those who arrived in the ship "Philip Laing," in April, 1848, along with the Rev. Thomas Burns and other immigrants, was Mr. James Blackie, whom the Otago Association had ​appointed Schoolmaster of the settlement. He conducted a school with much acceptance in a portion of the original First Church building until September, 1850, when failing health compelled him to retire from active duty. He left for Sydney shortly afterwards for change of air, but he survived only a few months. When Mr. Blackie left Dunedin, his friend Mr. James Elder Brown, now of Milton, was prevailed upon to take temporary charge of the school, with a view to its being kept open. Mr. Brown can thus claim to be the oldest ex-teacher of an Otago public school now living.
MR. BLACKIE'S SUCCESSORS.
By arrangement made with the Church authorities, the school was taught successively by the following-named gentlemen: Mr. William Mackenzie, who was afterwards accidentally drowned while working the punt at Taieri Ferry; Mr. Robert McDowell, who subsequently left the colony; and Mr. William Somerville, now Clerk to the Bench, Dunedin, who continued in charge until the arrival, in October, 1856, of the late Mr. Alex. Livingston, who had been appointed at Home to the Rectorship of the Dunedin School.
OTHER SCHOOLS IN DUNEDIN AND SUBURBS.
A small private school for girls was kept by Miss Peterson for a short time at the lower end of Walker-street. The late Mr. Gebbie, of Saddle Hill, conducted a school in a fern-tree whare with a clay floor, erected on Church land in the North-East Valley, near the Town Belt, until 1854, when he married Miss Peterson, and by agreement with the Kirk Session and settlers of East Taieri, opened a school in the church that had been erected there for the Rev. Mr. Will. Mr. Grebbie remained in charge of the East Taieri School until November, 1856, when he was succeeded by Mr. John Hislop. Mr. Robert Short succeeded Mr. Grebbie as teacher of the North-East Valley School; and when that gentleman entered the Provincial Government service as an officer in the Land Department, Mr. Andrew Russell took charge of the School until the arrival and appointment of Mr. A. G. Allan in 1858. Shortly after the Provincial Government had been established, Mr. J. G. S. Grant arrived from Victoria, and for some time conducted a school which he named "The Dunedin Academy." About the same time, a school was taught in the ​church building at Green Island Bush by the Rev. Alex. Bethune. He left in 1856 to join the band of pioneers who sailed from Dunedin in that year to occupy the recently surveyed district of Invercargill and neighbourhood.
FIRST STEPS TAKEN BY THE NEWLY CONSTITUTED PROVINCIAL COUNCIL.
The Otago Provincial Council, during its first session, 1853–54, appointed, on the motion of the late Mr. James Macandrew, a Select Committee to consider and report upon the subject of Education, more particularly the establishment of a High School in Dunedin. There is no record of any report having been submitted by this Committee. The Superintendent, Captain Cargill, in the course of his address at the opening of the second session of the Provincial Council in 1854 said: "On the subject of a general system of Education, resolutions will be proposed to you declaratory of the mind and purpose of the Provincial Legislature thereon, and embracing a moderate appropriation for the initiatory step of bringing out three qualified teachers—one of them to be the teacher of a Normal or High School in Dunedin." The promised resolutions were subsequently brought forward by Mr. W. H. Reynolds, leader of the Executive Council, and were referred for revision to a Select Committee consisting of Mr. Reynolds, and the late Messrs. Macandrew, John Gillies, and Alex. Rennie. The Committee's report was adopted by the Provincial Council in December, 1854, and was to the following effect: (1) That provision should be made from the public funds of the Province, or by assessment, for providing a liberal education for all the children of the Province as far as practicable; (2) That permanent provision for such education should be made by special ordinance or ordinances, setting forth clearly and distinctly the character of the education to be provided, and the mode in which such provision should be made; (3) That as a first step towards effecting the desired object, a proper High School should be established in Dunedin, wherein could be taught all the branches of education necessary for qualifying the pupils for entering a University, and that in the meantime one qualified master for the school should be obtained; (4) That a superior female teacher should be provided for Dunedin; (5) That a well-qualified teacher for Port Chalmers, and, at the least, ​three for other districts in the Province, should be procured; (6) That provision should be made in the appropriation ordinance for paying the passage money of these teachers from the Home Country, and for the purchase of the necessary school appliances; (7) That the annual salaries of the proposed teachers should be as follows: The Rector of the High School, not less than £200, nor more than £300; the schoolmistress and the other teachers, £100 each; and (8) That the appointments should be made by the Home Agents on the recommendation of one of Her Majesty's Inspectors of Schools for Scotland, and the Rectors of the Free Church Normal Schools in Edinburgh and Glasgow.
APPOINTMENT AND ARRIVAL OF TEACHERS FROM THE HOME COUNTRY.
The Provincial Government and the Home Agents lost no time in giving effect to the resolutions of the Council. The first teachers who arrived were Miss Margaret Dodds and Mr. Alex. Ayson. They were passengers by the ship "Southern Cross," which reached Port Chalmers, after calling at Northern ports, in April, 1866. Miss Dodds was appointed to the Dunedin school, and Mr. Ayson's services were secured by the settlers of Tokomairiro. Three additional teachers arrived by the ship "Strathmore" in October, 1856, viz the late Mr. Alex. Livingston, who had been selected by the Home Agents for the rectorship of the Dunedin High School; Mr. Colin Allan, who was engaged by the Port Chalmers School Committee; and Mr. John Hislop, who was appointed to the East Taieri School. The services of the late Mr. Adam Wright, a schoolmaster who had arrived by the "Strathmore," were engaged for the Green Island school.
EDUCATION ORDINANCE, 1856.
The first Otago Education Ordinance (1856) had been passed before the arrival of the teachers from the Home Country, and under its provisions an Education Board and several school districts with their respective school committees, had been constituted. The Board was composed of the Superintendent of the Province, his Executive Council, the Rector of the Dunedin High School, and two representatives elected by each school committee. The annual salary of the Rector of the High School was fixed at not less than £250, and those of the district school teachers at £100 each, with a residence consisting of at least ​three apartments, and a piece of ground not exceeding ten acres, properly fenced. The school fees collected by each district school teacher were to be "imputed pro tanto of his salary," and it was upon such moderate terms that the earliest school teachers of Otago were engaged. It is worthy of mention, however, that the Provincial Council in successive years, as long as the Ordinance of 1856 was in operation, generously voted to each teacher, in addition to the fixed salary of £100, the amount of the fees levied by him, on the School Committee certifying that he had performed his duties successfully and satisfactorily.
The Education Ordinance provided that the teachers' salaries should be defrayed by a tax not exceeding 20/-, to be paid annually by every male person resident in the Province. So strong and widespread was the resistance to the levying of this poll-tax, that no attempt was made by the authorities to enforce payment; the entire cost of the schools was met out of the ordinary Provincial revenue and the school fees, supplemented in a few instances by local subscriptions.
The selection of the teacher was vested in the School Committee, subject to the following provision:—"Every candidate for the office of school-master in any public school shall produce a certificate signed by a minister of the denomination to which he belongs, attesting his religious and moral character, and shall be subjected to such examination as may be prescribed by the Board; and no person shall be inducted as such schoolmaster until he shall have passed such examination, and have obtained and produced to the School Committee a certificate by the Board approving of his appointment; and said examination shall be open to the School Committee, who may suggest such questions as they may think fit, except in the case of schoolmasters who shall have been selected and appointed in Great Britain, under the authority of the Board."
The following was the provision with regard to religious instruction in schools:—"Every School Committee under this Ordinance shall appoint certain stated hours for ordinary religious instruction by the schoolmaster, at which children shall not be bound to attend if their parents or guardians object. If a complaint shall be presented to the School Committee by any two heads of families, being parents or guardians of children ​who attend any public school under this Ordinance, accusing the master of such school of teaching religious opinions at variance with the doctrines of the Holy Scriptures, the School Committee shall, with the sanction of the Board, and with such assistance as the Board shall direct, inquire into such complaint; and if it shall be proved that the schoolmaster has taught such opinions, or has persevered in doing so after remonstrance, the School Committee may censure, suspend, or deprive the schoolmaster, as they may think fit: provided always that every such sentence shall be approved by the Board." The writer cannot recollect that any proceedings were ever taken under this provision of the Ordinance in the course of the five years during which it remained in force. Power was given to the Board, on receipt of a complaint from two heads of families, being parents or guardians of children attending the school, to censure, suspend, or dismiss a schoolmaster for "crime or moral delinquency," after due inquiry and consideration of any statement in defence that the schoolmaster might make.
FIRST EDUCATION REPORT.
The late Mr John McGlashan, who ever took a warm interest in the welfare of the schools, added to his duties of Provincial Solicitor and Provincial Treasurer those of Secretary and Treasurer to the Education Board, until the repeal of the Ordinance in 1861. When the Board submitted its first annual report (1856–57), there were five public schools in operation. The following summary of information is compiled from the report:—
Schools and Teachers, September, 1857.
| Schools. | Teachers. | Salaries, including School Fees. | Salaries, including School Fees. | Salaries, including School Fees. | Average Attendance |
| Dunedin | A. Livingston | £250 | 0 | 0 | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ 101 |
| {{{1}}}„ | A. R. Livingston | 100 | 0 | 0 | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ 101 |
| {{{1}}}„ | Miss Dodds | 124 | 0 | 0 | 14 |
| Port Chalmers | C. Allan | 135 | 0 | 0 | 31 |
| Green Island | A. Wright | 132 | 0 | 0 | 20 |
| East Taieri | J. Hislop | 140 | 10 | 8 | 36 |
| Tokomairiro | A. Ayson | 120 | 17 | 5 | 34 |
| | | | | | 236 |
​The school fees for the Dunedin school, which amounted to £189 16s, are not included in the table, the teachers having been paid fixed salaries. Miss Dodds received £24 as rent allowance. The exact amount of fees collected in Port Chalmers schools is not given, but the sum mentioned is believed to be about the amount.
ARRIVAL OF FIVE ADDITIONAL TEACHERS FROM HOME.
At the date of the report, the localities of Portobello, Wakari (Half-Way-Bush), Anderson's Bay, West Taieri, Waihola, and Clutha, had been constituted school districts, but no schools had then been opened in them. In the course of the following year (1858), five additional teachers were sent out by the Home Agents, and were appointed as follows:—Mr Alex. G. Allan to N. E. Valley; Mr Adam D. Johnston to Wakari; Mr Andrew Russell to Anderson's Bay; Mr Alex. Gardner to West Taieri; and Mr Alex. Grigor to Inch Clutha. A side school in connection with the Port Chalmers school committee was opened in the same year at Portobello by Mrs Edwards, wife of a settler there. Mr Grigor, of Inch Clutha, is the only one of the original teachers now in the service of the Education Board.
The Education Ordinance, 1856, continued in operation until its repeal in June 1861 by another ordinance. At that date the number of schools had increased to 18, and the number of teachers to 20. The average attendance was about 560, inclusive of an attendance of 125 at the Dunedin school. The amount expended on the public schools by the Provincial Government for the 5½ years ending September 30th, 1861, was as follows:—Buildings, fencing, &c., £7240 5s 5d; teachers' salaries, £5313 11s 9d; total £12,553 17s 2d. The schools in operation in 1861, in addition to those already mentioned, were N. E. Harbour, North Taieri, Waihola, Otakia, South Clutha, Warepa, and Waikouaiti.
EDUCATION ORDINANCE, 1861.
On the passing of the Education Ordinance, 1861, Mr (now Dr) John Hislop, of the East Taieri school, was appointed to the joint offices of Secretary to the Education Board and Inspector of Schools; and he held these offices until January 1878, when he removed to Wellington to assume the duties of Secretary to the Colonial Education Department. But the ordinance of 1861 was ​disallowed by the Governor, on account of a technical error that occurred in some of its provisions for levying a school rate on heritable property within the several school districts. The Provincial Government was consequently under the necessity of carrying on the schools upon its own responsibility until another Ordinance should be passed by the Provincial Council.
EDUCATION ORDINANCES, 1862 AND 1864.
An amended Education Ordinance was passed in 1862, and it remained in force until it was superseded by the Ordinance of 1864, which regulated the administration of school affairs in Otago until the abolition of the Provinces in 1876. The main reason for the repeal of the Ordinance of 1862, was the strong dissatisfaction expressed more particularly in the gold fields districts, with the provisions relating to religious instruction in the schools. These required that, in addition to the daily reading of the Bible, such religious instruction should be given as the School Committee might appoint, and that no religious instruction should be taught "at variance with what are commonly known as Evangelical Protestant doctrines," no child being bound, however, to attend on such instruction contrary to the wish of the parent or guardian. In the Ordinance of 1864, the following provision was substituted:—"In every school the Holy Scriptures shall be read daily, and such reading shall be either at the opening or close of the school, and no child whose parent or guardian shall object to such instruction shall be bound to attend at such times."
It was provided by the Ordinance of 1864 that the Education Board should consist of the Superintendent of the Province, his Executive Council, and the Speaker of the Provincial Council. A school committee for each district was to be elected annually by the owners and occupiers of land and the householders within the district. The teachers were to be elected by the school committees, no election being valid until the person elected produced a certificate of fitness from H.M. Committee of Privy Council on Education, or from the Board's Inspector of Schools. School fees were authorised to be levied from the scholars attending the several schools; but committees were authorised to remit them in cases of poverty. Authority was given to committees by the Ordinances of 1862 and of 1864 to defray a portion of the school expenses by the imposition, ​when necessary, of a special rate upon heritable property within the respective districts. The levying of this rate was attended with so much difficulty and opposition that the Provincial Council passed a resolution in 1865 to render the continuance of the rate unnecessary, by increasing the annual fixed salaries of teachers from £50 to £100 each, and by bearing a larger share of the other expenses, the remainder being met by the school committees out of the school fees, supplemented by donations and subscriptions from the friends of the several schools.
PUBLIC LIBRARIES AND READING-ROOMS.
The Ordinance of 1864 authorised the Education Board to encourage the formation of public as well as school libraries by expending on the purchase of books to be placed in any such library, moneys equal in amount to any sum or sums raised by public subscription or otherwise within the district. Advantage was taken of this provision to a very considerable extent by the settlers throughout the Province, and the Otago Public Library scheme became somewhat widely and favourably known.
The following extract relating to public libraries is taken from the Board's report for 1875—the last report published under the Provincial system:—"Books of the value of about £1,700 have been distributed among the public libraries during the past year. The amount expended by library committees on the purchase of books, or paid into the treasury by them, was ​fully £800. The 88 public libraries now connected with the Board may be classified as follows:—17 public libraries, with reading-rooms connected with them; 63 public district libraries, many of which are also available as school libraries, and 8 purely school libraries. Since the beginning of the library scheme, the following-named public institutions have received grants of books through the Education Board:—The hospitals at Lawrence, Clyde, Wakatipu, Invercargill, and Oamaru; and the gaol at Invercargill. The managers of the following-mentioned libraries have been permitted to purchase at cost price a few books which were not particularly needed at the time for public libraries:—Dunedin Athenæum, Dunedin Police Library, Dunedin Gaol Library, Knox Church Library, St. Paul's Sunday School Library, and St. Joseph's Church and Sunday School Library." The Board was also authorised to encourage by grants of money or books, the formation of reading clubs or libraries in connection with teachers' associations that might be formed by the public school teachers in the Province.
The Ordinance also authorised the Education Board to establish scholarships, to be held in the High School, Dunedin, or in any university in Great Britain, Australia, or New Zealand, to be held by pupils of the public schools of Otago, such scholarships to be submitted to public competition.
APPOINTMENTS OF MESSRS. PETRIE AND TAYLOR AS INSPECTORS.
In consequence of the large increase in the number of schools, Mr. Donald Petrie, formerly senior classical master of the Scotch College, Melbourne, was appointed additional Inspector of Schools in January, 1873; Mr. William Taylor, who had been in the Board's service for ten years, was appointed Sub-Inspector in September, 1875.
SUMMARY.
The following summary of information regarding the public schools in Otago when the Provincial system was abolished (Dec. 31, 1875) is compiled from the last report submitted to the Provincial Government:—
| Number of | schools (Otago and Southland) | schools (Otago and Southland) | schools (Otago and Southland) | 157 |
| {{{1}}}„ | schoolmasters | 161 |
| {{{1}}}„ | schoolmistresses | 47 |
| {{{1}}}„ | teachers of sewing | 14 |
| {{{1}}}„ | male pupil teachers | 17 |
| {{{1}}}„ | female pupil teachers | 49 |
| | | | Total teachers | 288 |
| {{{1}}}„ | pupils who attended at all in 1875— | pupils who attended at all in 1875— | pupils who attended at all in 1875— |
| | | | Boys, 8709; girls, 8488 | 16,097 |
| {{{1}}}„ | {{{1}}}„ | in average attendance during 1875 | 9822 |
| {{{1}}}„ | {{{1}}}„ | in attendance at the close of 1875 | 12,096 |
| {{{1}}}„ | {{{1}}}„ | learning the higher rules of Arithmetic | 2420 |
| {{{1}}}„ | {{{1}}}„ | {{{1}}}„ | Mathematics | 312 |
| {{{1}}}„ | {{{1}}}„ | {{{1}}}„ | Geography | 9323 |
| {{{1}}}„ | {{{1}}}„ | {{{1}}}„ | History | 1933 |
| {{{1}}}„ | {{{1}}}„ | {{{1}}}„ | English Grammar | 8858 |
| {{{1}}}„ | {{{1}}}„ | {{{1}}}„ | Book-keeping | 374 |
| {{{1}}}„ | {{{1}}}„ | {{{1}}}„ | Drawing or Mapping | 3815 |
| {{{1}}}„ | {{{1}}}„ | {{{1}}}„ | Singing from Notes | 5623 |
| {{{1}}}„ | {{{1}}}„ | {{{1}}}„ | Latin | 287 |
| {{{1}}}„ | {{{1}}}„ | {{{1}}}„ | French | 143 |
| {{{1}}}„ | {{{1}}}„ | {{{1}}}„ | Greek | 6 |
| {{{1}}}„ | {{{1}}}„ | {{{1}}}„ | Sewing (girls) | 4171 |
Moneys contributed by the Government towards— :
| Teachers' salaries | £19,825 | 12 | 0 |
| Rents, poor scholars, etc. | 1164 | 11 | 3 |
| | | | | £20,990 | 3 | 3 |
| Moneys contributed locally— |||||||
| School fees | £14,873 | 6 | 4 |
| Subscriptions, etc. | 2342 | 13 | 9 |
| | | | | £17,216 | 0 | 1 |
PUBLIC SCHOOLS IN DUNEDIN.
THE FIRST, NOW ARTHUR-STREET, SCHOOL.
Mr. Livingston continued in charge of the Dunedin School until 1862, when he was appointed to the office of Provincial Auditor, on the death of the late Mr. Charles Kettle. In view of the establishment in Dunedin of an institution in which the higher branches should be more exclusively taught, the Board now resolved that the original Dunedin School should rank in ​future as an ordinary district school. Mr. Thomas Halliwell, who had recently arrived in Dunedin from Victoria, was appointed headmaster. The school continued to be held in the old church until it was removed to a brick building erected on a site at the junction of Dowling-street and York Place, where it was known as the Middle District School. Owing to the lowering of Dowling-street by the City Council, the structure was rendered so unsafe that it had to be taken down in 1878, and the school was transferred to a new building erected in Arthur-street, on a site adjoining the old Asylum grounds, where the Boys' High School now stands. Mr. Halliwell resigned the headmastership in 1878, and was succeeded by Mr. Abraham Barrett, formerly of Tasmania, who still holds the appointment.
UNION-STREET SCHOOL.
In 1863, the Board established a second school in Dunedin for the accommodation of children resident in the northern parts of the town. A stone building was erected on a portion of what is now known as the Museum Reserve, and Mr. Alex. Stewart, the master of a private school at North Dunedin, was appointed to the headmastership, a position which he still retains. The original building was enlarged from time to time, but owing to the ever-increasing demand for accommodation, it was taken down in 1882, and the present large brick building, known as the Union-street School, was erected in its place.
SOUTH, NOW HIGH-STREET, SCHOOL.
In 1864, a third district school was provided for the accommodation of the children resident in the Southern parts of Dunedin. It was accommodated in a brick building erected on a site in William-street, where it was long known as the South District School. Mr. John B. Park, master of the State School at Bothwell, Tasmania, was elected headmaster, and he still holds the appointment. Additions were made to the building from time to time to provide for the ever-increasing attendance, until it was found necessary in 1887 to transfer the school to a more commodious building erected on a more suitable site at the corner of Alva-street and Upper High-street.
ALBANY-STREET SCHOOL.
The increasing demand for school accommodation in North Dunedin necessitated the establishment of a school at Pelichet Bay in 1875, on a site in Albany-street, near the Railway Station. The first headmaster was Mr. Alex. Montgomery, formerly of Mount Cargill School; and on the appointment of that gentleman, in the following year, to the mastership of the Normal School Practising Department, he was succeeded by the present headmaster, Mr. John L. Ferguson, promoted from the first assistantship in the Middle District School.
NORMAL SCHOOL.
In 1875 a large brick building was erected on a reserve in Moray Place for the accommodation of a Teachers' Training Institution, a Practising School to serve the purposes of an ordinary district school, and a School of Art. The Training Institution and Practising School were opened in January 1876, and at the same time the School of Art was transferred from rooms in the University building in Princes-street to its present quarters. Mr William S. Fitzgerald, Rector of the Oamaru Grammar School, was appointed Rector of the Normal School; and Mr Montgomery, as already stated, was placed in charge of the Practising School. Mr Montgomery died in 1885, and he was succeeded by Mr David White, promoted by the Board from the first assistantship in the Union-street school.
GEORGE-STREET SCHOOL.
In 1880 a sixth public school was provided for Dunedin by the erection of a very large brick building in George-street north. It was placed in charge of Mr David A. McNicoll, transferred from the mastership of the Outram public school.
STATISTICS FOR YEAR 1888.
The Colonial Education Act, 1887, divided Otago into the two separate education districts of Otago and Southland. The following tables supply information respecting the public schools of the Otago Provincial District for the year 1888, under the ​following classification:—(1) Schools within the city of Dunedin; (2) schools in the suburbs of Dunedin; (3) schools in the remaining portions of the Otago education district; and (4) schools in the Southland education district.
Dunedin City Schools, 1888.
| Schools. | Teachers | Pupil Teachers | Attendance. | Attendance. |
| Schools. | Teachers | Pupil Teachers | Average Daily for Year. | At Close of the Year. |
| Arthur-street | 7 | 8 | 622 | 663 |
| Union-street | 7 | 8 | 594 | 672 |
| High-street | 7 | 7 | 635 | 679 |
| Albany-street | 7 | 8 | 657 | 759 |
| Normal School | 7 | 8 | 635 | 684 |
| George-street | 9 | 9 | 783 | 858 |
| Totals | 44 | 48 | 3926 | 4315 |
Dunedin Suburban Schools, 1888.
| Schools. | Teachers | Pupil Teachers | Attendance. | Attendance. |
| Schools. | Teachers | Pupil Teachers | Average Daily for Year. | At Close of the Year. |
| N. E. Valley | 5 | 5 | 418 | 506 |
| Anderson's Bay | 2 | 1 | 108 | 123 |
| Caversham | 7 | 8 | 623 | 660 |
| Mornington | 6 | 6 | 511 | 566 |
| Kaikorai | 6 | 5 | 480 | 587 |
| Ravensbourne | 3 | 2 | 200 | 229 |
| Kensington | 5 | 4 | 363 | 413 |
| Forbury | 5 | 4 | 378 | 448 |
| Macandrew Road | 6 | 7 | 591 | 672 |
| Suburban Totals | 45 | 42 | 3672 | 4204 |
Schools in Otago Provincial District, 1888.
| Districts. | Teachers | Pupil Teachers | Attendance. | Attendance. |
| Districts. | Teachers | Pupil Teachers | Average Daily for Year. | At Close of the Year. |
| Dunedin City | 44 | 48 | 3926 | 4315 |
| Dunedin Suburbs | 45 | 42 | 3672 | 4204 |
| Outside the above | 264 | 58 | 11,345 | 13,904 |
| Otago Total | 353 | 148 | 18,943 | 22,423 |
| Southland Total | 131 | 44 | 6083 | 7959 |
| Provincial District Total | 484 | 192 | 25,026 | 30,382 |
THE OTAGO HIGH SCHOOL FOR BOYS.
FIRST STEPS TAKEN BY THE PROVINCIAL COUNCIL.
It has already been stated that a proposal was made by the late Mr. James Macandrew, in the first session of the Provincial Council, having for its object the establishment of a High School in Dunedin, in which "the higher branches of a liberal education" should be taught. During the second session of the Council (1854) the establishment of a High School formed part of the scheme of public school education adopted by resolution of the Council, and the Home Agents were directed to engage in Britain a gentleman qualified to perform the duties of rector. In the fourth session of the Provincial Council "The Education Ordinance, 1856," was passed; the ninth section of the Act is as follows: "There shall be established in Dunedin, under a Rector or Head Master of superior attainments, and well-qualified assistants, as they are required, a public school, to be called the 'High School of Dunedin,' which shall be conducted on the principles in the art of teaching most approved and adopted in the best schools of Great Britain, it being designed that it shall serve as a model to other public schools to be established within the Province; and at the aforesaid school not only the usual branches of a good elementary English education shall be taught, but also those higher branches of knowledge, the acquirement of which constitutes a ​liberal education; and the said school shall be open to both male and female scholars, and arrangements shall be made for the advanced male and female classes being taught separately."
It is evident that the late Mr. John McGlashan, who drafted the measure, had in view the establishment of an institution in Dunedin similar in character to that of the Burgh Schools of Scotland, in which there are departments for both primary and secondary education, and in which pupils of both sexes are taught together. As already stated, Mr. Livingston, who had been selected for the rectorship of the contemplated High School, was placed on his arrival in charge of the school that had met in the First Church building from the foundation of the settlement, but as might be expected the work had been altogether of an elementary character. At the outset of Mr. Livingston's six years' tenure of office, the school officially designated "The High School," was of necessity a primary one to a very considerable extent, scarcely any pupils being sufficiently advanced to enter on the study of the higher branches. But as time wore on, Mr. Livingston, who was an accomplished classical and mathematical scholar, and a most assiduous teacher, succeeded in imparting instruction in some of the more advanced subjects to several of his pupils who had attained the requisite proficiency. Some of his ex-pupils now occupy influential and responsible positions in the Colony, and they speak in terms of admiration of their old schoolmaster's character, and of gratitude for the benefits derived from his instructions.
As years passed on the opinion gained ground that in justice to Mr. Livingston, he should be placed in his right position as head of a High School proper, and that provision should be made for the establishment of one or more elementary schools in Dunedin. In the ninth session of the Provincial Council (1860), Mr Macandrew, who had been elected Superintendent on the decease of Captain Cargill, strongly urged the consideration of this question, and transmitted to the Council a copy of a resolution adopted by the Education Board largely through his own instrumentality. The resolution was to the effect that the time had now come for organising a High School in Dunedin for the benefit of the entire Province: that it should be under the direct management of the Board: that there should be boarding-houses ​in connection with the school for the reception of pupils from the country: and that there should be two elementary schools in Dunedin, distinct from the High School, each under the management of a school committee. Accompanying the resolution was a letter from Mr. Livingston, in which he stated that although (yielding to circumstances) he had hitherto consented to perform, in a large measure, the work of a primary school teacher, he considered the time had now arrived when he should be placed in his right position as head of a High School. The Provincial Council, however, negatived the Government proposal, and resolved to vote no more moneys for school buildings until the Government should bring in a measure for the alteration of the Education Ordinance.
In the next session of the Provincial Council (Dec. 1860), Mr. Macandrew's Government introduced an Education Bill making full provision for a High School; but owing to the brief duration of the session, it failed to pass. The next session (June 1861) was opened by Major (afterwards Sir John) Richardson, who had succeeded Mr. Macandrew as Superintendent of the Province. Mr. Macandrew's Bill was again introduced by the Provincial Solicitor, the late Mr. James Howorth, and was passed. It contained the following provision:—"There shall be established in Dunedin a High School to be called 'The High School of Otago," under a Rector or Head Master, and such number of qualified masters and assistants as the Board shall from time to time consider necessary, in which shall be taught all the branches of a liberal education—the French and other modern languages, the Latin and Greek Classics, Mathematics, and such other branches of science as the advancement of the Colony and the increase of population may from time to time require; and the said High School shall be entirely under the superintendence and control of the Board, and shall be maintained and supported, and all salaries and expenses connected therewith paid, out of School Fees and moneys appropriated by the Superintendent and Provincial Council for that purpose, and any other available funds." The same provision was retained unaltered in the Education Ordinances of 1862 and 1864, and under them respectively the High School continued to be administered until ​the passing by the General Assembly of "The Otago Boys' and Girls' High Schools' Act 1877."
HIGH SCHOOL RE-CONSTITUTED.
Notwithstanding the eagerness shown by the authorities for the institution of a separate school for the higher subjects, considerable doubt was felt by many as to the possibility of securing a sufficient attendance of properly qualified scholars, owing to the extremely small population of the Province; but all doubt on this point was removed by the extraordinary influx of people in the latter portion of 1861, and in the following years, consequent upon the discovery and opening up of the Otago gold-fields. Accordingly on Mr. Livingston's appointment to the office of Provincial Auditor in 1862, the Education Board and the Government decided to take immediate steps to establish a separate High School for Boys; the site in Dowling-street, now occupied by the Girls' High School was secured; and money was voted for the erection of a building. It was also resolved to authorise the Home Agents to engage three highly competent Masters for the school, the selection being placed in the hands of the Provost of Eton, the Rector of the Edinburgh High School, and the Rector of the Edinburgh Academy.
The following resolutions were adopted by the Board in connection with the organisation of the proposed school:—"(1.) One of the masters shall hold the appointment of Rector or Principal, and shall have the general oversight of all the classes within the institution, and shall be responsible for the good government, efficiency, and success of the same; but each master, as far as possible shall have the charge of a distinct department of instruction. (2.) Subject to such modifications as circumstances may from time to time render necessary and expedient, the departments of instruction shall be arranged somewhat as follows, viz.:—
* Principal's (or Classical Master's) Department.—To include Latin, Greek, French, &c.; Ancient History, Geography, &c.
* English Department.—To include Advanced English, Reading, Grammar, Composition, and other collateral branches, Geography, History, &c. ​
* Arithmetic and Mathematical Department.—To include Arithmetic, and Mathematics in theory and practice, Book-keeping, &c.
(3.) Writing, Drawing, Religious Instruction, &c. shall be taught by the several masters, agreeably to such arrangements as may be hereafter made; and care shall be taken, if possible, that one or more of the masters shall be qualified to impart instruction in Natural Science to the more advanced pupils by means of lectures, experiments, &c. (4.) Provision shall be made for the formation and maintenance of a well-selected library for the use of the pupils of the institution, and also for the supply of suitable apparatus, including diagrams, maps, globes, models, specimens, &c. (5.) No boy shall be admitted a pupil of the institution until he shall have passed an Entrance Examination of such nature and extent as may be fixed by the Education Board; and (6.) Every facility shall be afforded to settlers at a distance to avail themselves of the advantages of the school."
In due time the Home agents reported that the following-named gentlemen had been appointed Masters of the High School, viz.:—
Principal and Classical Master.—The Rev. Thomas H. Campbell, M.A., late Head-master of the Wolverhampton Grammar School; Fellow of St. John's College, Oxford; and Assistant Master at the Charter House School.
English Master.—Mr. George P. Abram, M.A., late Senior Scholar and Prizeman of Clare College, Cambridge; and Second Master of Wolverhampton Grammar School.
Mathematical Master.—Mr. Daniel Brent, M.A., late Senior Scholar and Prizeman of Queen's College, Cambridge, and one of the Mathematical masters of Tonbridge School.
ARRIVAL OF THE FIRST MASTERS FROM HOME.
Those three gentlemen arrived at Port Chalmers by the "Matoaka" on July 14, 1863. On the same day they proceeded to Dunedin, and Mr. Campbell made arrangements for the accommodation of his family. He then returned to Port Chalmers, and while proceeding to Dunedin the same evening on board the very small harbour steamer "Pride of the Yarra," with his wife, children, and servants, the vessel came into ​collision with the steamer "Favourite," and was instantaneously sunk, with the calamitous and appalling result that Mr. and Mrs. Campbell, their children and servants, were drowned, only the passengers, who happened to be on deck, being saved by getting on board the "Favourite." The Province of Otago was thus deprived of the services of a gentleman who appeared in many respects to be eminently qualified for the important position to which he had been appointed. It was resolved by the Board to request the three gentlemen formerly nominated, again to select a Rector for the High School, in the room of Mr. Campbell. Mr. Abram, at the request of the Board, readily undertook the duties of Head Master until the arrival of the Rector. The school was opened by Mr. Abram on August 3rd, 1863, and was conducted by him, Mr. Brent, and an assistant, with satisfactory results. The pupils numbered about 80; ten of these came from various parts of Otago and the neighbouring Provinces. The large central hall was the only portion of the building then completed, and was temporarily divided into three class-rooms.
REV. F. C. SIMMONS, B.A.
In due course the Rev. F. C. Simmons, B.A. of Lincoln College, Oxford, and Head-master of the Dundee Proprietary School, was appointed Rector, and he entered on his duties in May, 1864. About the same time the teaching power of the school was greatly strengthened by the appointment of Mr. J. H. Pope as an additional master. The accommodation was increased by the addition of two wings to the original building, in one of which a residence was provided for the rector and his family, and for a few pupil boarders. The attendance at the school continued to increase for several years. Mr. Simmons conducted the school with much ability and success until June, 1868, when he resigned on his appointment to the Principalship of Nelson College. Mr. Simmons possessed considerable force of character, and was of a generous though somewhat impulsive disposition. His official relations with the Education Board were throughout of a friendly nature. He exercised great influence over the pupils of the school, especially those more immediately under his own tuition, by many of whom his memory is still held in affectionate remembrance. The duties of acting rector were ​satisfactorily performed by Mr. J. H. Pope, pending the appointment of a successor to Mr. Simmons.
MR. STUART HAWTHORNE, M.A.
The Education Board invited applications for the vacant rectorship from candidates in New Zealand and the neighbouring colonies, and the choice fell upon Mr. Stuart Hawthorne, M.A., of Sydney University, and Head-master of the Ipswich Grammar School, Queensland. He entered on his duties in February, 1869, when only 56 names were enrolled. The average attendance for the whole of 1869 was 70; in 1871 it had risen to 126. In the beginning of 1871 Mr. Hawthorne removed from the residence in the south wing of the High School building to make room for the Girls' High School, which the Board had resolved, after much consideration, to place under the same roof with the Boys' School. With a view to provide suitable board and residence for boys from a distance attending the school, the Education Board erected the boarding institution known as the Rectory on a site adjoining the Town Belt, near the place where the present Boys' High School now stands. Mr. Hawthorne entered on the occupation of the Rectory in 1871, and in a short time a number of pupil boarders were placed with him. About the same time the teaching staff gained a valuable accession by the appointment of Mr. George M. Thomson, (now F.L.S.) who has since rendered good service to the school in several capacities, more especially as Science Master, and, for a number of years, as head of the Boys' Boarding Institution in conjunction with Mrs. Thomson.
In 1872–73 the school showed a falling off as regards attendance and the standard of work reached. In May, 1873, the Superintendent, in accordance with a resolution of the Provincial Council, appointed a Commission "to inquire into and report upon the present condition of the Boys' High School, and to make such general suggestions as to the advancement of the higher education of the Province, as may commend themselves to their consideration." The Commission consisted of the late Sir John Richardson, Professor Shand, Sir Robert Stout, and Dr. Hislop. In the course of his examination by the Commission, Mr. Hawthorne attributed the falling off in the attendance and the lower standard of study to a variety of causes ​enumerated by him, over which he could not possibly exercise any control. In its report the Commission expressed the opinion that "the various circumstances referred to by the rector must have combined to exercise a most dispiriting influence upon both masters and pupils, to keep back intending scholar's, and to injure the status of the school." In accordance with one of the recommendations made by the Commission, the Government, in July, 1874, appointed Sir John Richardson, Sir Robert Stout, the Rev. Dr. Stuart, Professors Shand and Macgregor, and Messrs. E. B. Cargill and James Fulton "to be a Board of Advice for the High School, to recommend to the Education Board such measures in connection with the organisation and management of the school as might be deemed advisable." The result of a conference between the Board of Advice and the Education Board was the adoption by the latter of a number of Regulations based almost wholly upon the recommendations made by the High School Commission of 1873. It is very much in accordance with these regulations that the school is now organised.
Mr. Hawthorne was of a gentle and sensitive nature, and the public criticism, usually of an adverse character, to which his administration of the High School was subjected for some length of time, at last produced the results that might have been expected. His health began to fail; he completely lost heart; and in September, 1874, he resigned his appointment as rector, intending to carry on the work until the end of the year. But his illness proved of so serious a character that he was compelled to retire from active duty some time before the close of the session. Mr. Hawthorne's health was never again completely re-established, and he died at his residence in the neighbourhood of Dunedin on June 8, 1875. He was a gentleman of high principle and of an amiable disposition, and his loss was much regretted by a large circle of friends. It is known to the writer that a number of generous acts, sometimes involving pecuniary outlay, were performed by him in cases that came under his notice in connection with his official work. The duties of acting rector of the school, from the date of Mr. Hawthorne's retirement until the arrival of his successor, were successfully performed by Mr. Brent. Mr. Petrie, Inspector of Schools, also rendered good service as master of the classical department ​About this time the staff of the school received a valuable accession to its strength by the appointment as English master, of Mr. Alex. Wilson, M.A., now Principal of the Girls' High School.
MR WILLIAM NORRIE, M.A.
The selection of a successor to Mr Hawthorne was entrusted to the late Mr John Auld, Home Agent of the Provincial Government, and his choice fell upon Mr William Norrie, M.A., Classical Master in Dr. A. H. Bryce's Edinburgh Collegiate School. Mr Norrie entered on his duties in April, 1875. A number of the changes that had been resolved upon by the Board were made during the first year of his term of office, and the staff was increased for the purpose of more thoroughly and satisfactorily working out these changes. The result was an increase of the school attendance; while the boarding institution, under Mr and Mrs Norrie's management, seemed for a time to be serving satisfactorily the purposes for which it was designed. But in the course of 1877, difficulties with regard to the boarding arrangements began to be experienced, and at Mr Norrie's own request the Board in June of the same year relieved him of the charge of the Rectory. It was then resolved that the boarding institution should be placed in charge of Mr Geo. M. Thomson, one of the masters of the school. Mr and Mrs Thomson entered on the occupation of the Rectory in the beginning of 1878.
Owing to several causes, which it is now unnecessary to specify, the relations of Mr Norrie with the Board and some of its officers became somewhat strained in the course of 1877. These relations became more and more unsatisfactory, and the result was that in August of the same year Mr Norrie resigned the rectorship, giving six months' notice as required by the terms of his engagement. About the same time the Colonial Government, at the request of the Education Board, appointed a commission to inquire into the position of matters in regard to the two High Schools, and to investigate certain charges brought against the Board and its officers in connection with the schools. The commission consisted of the late Mr Tancred (of Christchurch), Mr W. H. Pearson (of Invercargill), and Mr W. Fraser (of Earnscleugh). In their report the commissioners made a number of recommendations regarding the organisation and management ​of the High Schools. Except as regards one or two matters of trivial importance, the charges made against the Board and its officers were not sustained. Mr Norrie and his family returned to the Home Country in 1878. For several years past he has been resident in South Africa. Information has quite recently reached Dunedin to the effect that Mr Norrie has been fulfilling for some time the duties of head master of the Kimberly Undenominational Schools with much acceptability and success.
MR. WILLIAM MACDONALD, M.A., LL.D.
In the beginning of 1878, "The Otago Boys' and Girls' High Schools Act, 1877," came into operation, by virtue of which the administration of the two High Schools in Dunedin were transferred from the Otago Education Board to a Board of Governors, constituted as follows:—The Mayor of Dunedin, ex officio; two members annually appointed by the Governor; two members elected annually by the Otago University Council; and two members elected by the Otago Education Board. In anticipation of this change, the Education Board had deemed it unadvisable to take any steps for the appointment of a successor to Mr Norrie, and consequently one of the first duties of importance devolving upon the Board of Governors was the appointment of a rector. After full consideration, it was resolved that Mr Brent should be asked to undertake the duties of interim rector, and that the Agent General (Sir Julius Vogel), Dr. Abbott (head master of the City of London School), and Dr. Morrison (rector of the Glasgow Acadamy), should be requested to act as commissioners for the selection in the Home Country of a suitable rector. The choice of the commissioners fell upon Mr William Macdonald, M.A., classical master in the Edinburgh High School. Before leaving, Mr Macdonald, in recognition of his eminence in his profession, and of his distinguished services to the cause of education, received the honorary degree of LL.D. from the University of Edinburgh.
Dr. Macdonald entered on his duties as Rector in Nov. 1878, and for several years, the Boys' High School prospered greatly. But in June, 1884, Dr. Macdonald was laid aside from duty, by a very serious illness; he obtained leave of absence for a time, and resumed work at the beginning of the session of 1885. During the interval, Mr A. Wilson, English Master, acted as Rector of ​the school. But in the course of a few months Dr. Macdonald's strength again failed him. He continued nominally in charge of the school for some time longer; but at last it became painfully apparent to the governors, that there was little or no probability of his being again able to resume the duties of Rector, and with extreme regret they found themselves compelled to take steps to secure a successor. Dr. Macdonald's official connection with the school ceased on Sept. 30th, 1886. His retirement from the Rectorship, caused the profoundest grief and disappointment to the governors and the friends of the school, and indeed to all within the Otago district, who had the interests of the higher education at heart. He had, during his short career in Dunedin, given abundant proof of surpassing ability, as Head Master of the High School, as well as in various other capacities, while his personal qualities had endeared him to a large circle of friends.
OTHER CHANGES.
In February 1883, Mr. M. Watson, M.A., entered on his duties as classical assistant to the Rector. He was selected for the position by Dr. Morrison, of the Glasgow Academy. In March 1885, Mr. E. E. Morrison, M.A., who had been appointed by Sir F. D. Bell, and Dr. James Macdonald, of Glasgow, commenced his duties as English Master, in the room of Mr. A. Wilson, who had been appointed to the Rectorship of the Girl's High School, rendered vacant by the resignation of Mrs Burn. In the beginning of 1886, Mr E. E. Morrison and Mrs Dr W. Macdonald, were placed in charge of the Boarding-House, in the room of Mr. and Mrs. Thomson, who had asked to be relieved of the duty.
THE REV. DR. BELCHER M.A., LL.D.
The Board of Governors placed the selection of a successor to Dr. Macdonald in the hands of Sir F. D. Bell and Dr. James Macdonald, of Glasgow, and these gentlemen made choice of the Rev. Henry Belcher, M.A., LL.D., Fellow and late Chaplain and Classical Master in the school, King's College, London. That gentlemen entered on his duties in March, 1886, and his ability and indefatigable efforts, aided by a staff of well-qualified masters, have maintained the school in a high state of efficiency. The general tone of the school is undoubtedly most satisfactory, ​while the distinguished success of late years of a considerable proportion of the pupils at the University classes and in the University and other public examinations, bears ample testimony to the suitableness and the value of the instruction given in the several subjects comprised in the school course. There is every reason also to believe that at the present time the Boys' High School possesses in a very large measure, the confidence and good-will of the parents of the pupils, and the general public. During the year 1888, the total number of boys enrolled was 309. The highest number actually in attendance on a given day was 281. It is worthy of mention, that including scholarship holders, forty one pupils enjoyed the privilege of free education at the school in 1888. The following is an extract from the Inspector General's report, dated Nov. 15, 1886:—"This is one of our best schools, and it appears to me to be improving in tone and discipline. The present administration is able and vigorous. The instruction given in some branches of physical science is very good." The Inspector Greneral's report for 1887 is as follows:—"September 21, This school has received a remarkably large accession of numbers this year. The organisation appears to be singularly complete and perfect." The report for 1888 has not yet been issued.
MR D. BRENT, M.A.
In bringing this brief historical sketch of the Otago Boys' High School to a close, the writer feels it incumbent on him to refer to the services rendered to the school by Mr Brent, who is the only one of the original masters now on the staff. During his uninterrupted connection with the school for the long period of twenty-six years, Mr Brent has invariably acquitted himself with singular judgment and prudence, and has ever maintained the most cordial relations with the Board and his colleagues, while in times of difficulty, he has rendered most valuable assistance to the school authorities, either by performing the duties of Acting Rector in a highly satisfactory manner, or by co-operating heartily with one or other of his colleagues, who had undertaken the duties.
BOY'S HIGH SCHOOL AND DUNEDIN FROM QUEEN'S DRIVE.
​been doing very good work, and has sent out a very large number of youths, who, in their various walks of life have done, and are doing, infinite credit to themselves and to the school. This is owing in no small degree to the zeal and loyalty of Mr Brent, and the other able masters employed in the school.
INFORMATION REGARDING THE PRESENT ARRANGEMENTS OF THE BOYS' HIGH SCHOOL.
The Board of Governors consist of the Rev. Dr. Stuart, (chairman); Professor Shand, M.A., LL.D., (Hon. Treasurer); the Hon. W. H. Reynolds, M.L.C.; Rev. A. R. Fitchett, M.A.; James Fulton, Esq., M.H.R.; William Brown, Esq., M.B., and the Mayor of Dunedin, ex-officio. The secretary is Mr. Colin Macandrew.
The present buildings were opened by His Excellency Sir William Jervois, Governor of New Zealand, on February 11, 1885, and occupy a most suitable and commanding position adjoining the Town Belt. The plan of the building is that of a main central hall, round which are grouped the several classrooms. The central hall is 74 feet in length, by 43 feet in width, and is 30 feet in height, with a gallery carried round both sides and ends. The several class-rooms, both on the ground and upper floors, are very spacious, lofty, carefully ventilated, and fitted with all requisites and appliances to suit their various purposes. The drawing school has been constructed on the most approved system, and is fully furnished with models, plaster casts, and other materials of the art. The science room is supplied with requisites for the teaching of practical and theoretical Chemistry and Metallurgy. It also contains accessories to the teaching of Physiology. The mathematical school has been excellently constructed for its purpose, both as regards light and contrivances for demonstration. The gymnasium has been furnished on the exact model of that at Aldershot, and ranks among the best equipped in the colony. The grounds on which the school buildings are erected cover an area of about 6½ acres. A large space around the school has been asphalted, and is occupied by two fives courts, tennis courts, &c. There is also a large cricket field adjoining the school ground. The rector's residence ​and the janitor's lodge are near the school. The public of Otago are indebted to the influence and untiring efforts of Sir Robert Stout for having secured to them so suitable and so valuable a site for the Boys' High School. The boarders' house, under the superintendence of Mr. Morrison, English Master, is situated about five minutes' walk from the school, and occupies one of the finest sites in Dunedin. It is surrounded with recreation grounds, covering an area of about seven acres, with commodious playsheds, an asphalt tennis court, &c. The building was designed expressly for the purpose of a boarding institution, for the High School boys, and the equipments are very complete, and in every way suitable. The domestic arrangements are very efficiently conducted by Mrs Dr. Macdonald.
The staff consists of the rector and the following masters:—D. Brent, M.A., Mathematics; E. E. Morrison, M.A., English; M. Watson, M.A., Latin; W. B. Williams, B.A., Modern Languages; A. Y. Smith, Commercial; J. McPherson, F.E.I.S., Arithmetic; J. R. Montgomery, M.A., and A. S. M. Polson, Assistant Masters; G. M. Thompson, F.L.S., Natural Science; D. C. Hutton, and D. Hutton, Drawing; and John Hanna, Gymnastics and Drill. There are an Upper and a Lower School. The Upper School prepares for the University, for the learned professions, and all public examinations. The course of instruction comprises Latin, French, German, English Language, Literature and History, Mathematics, Mechanics, Chemistry, Metallurgy, Writing, Book-Keeping, Drawing and Gymnastics. While close adherence to this course is maintained, the rector does his best to meet, according to circumstances, the special requirements of boys whose school-time is drawing to a close. Any boy wishing to study Greek receives every assistance towards the attainment of his object. To meet special requirements, a liberal education is imparted without the study of Latin, on the basis of the Modern Languages, Mathematics, Science, and the customary details of English. Every encouragement is given to the study of Mechanics. Drawing is taught to all classes below the Upper V. Class. Gymnastics, according to an approved course, form part of the regular school work. The course of instruction in the Lower School comprises Latin, French, English ​in all its usual details, Arithmetic, Writing, Book-keeping, Drawing and Gymnastics.
THE OTAGO GIRLS' HIGH SCHOOL.
PRELIMINARY PROCEEDINGS.
The Otago Boys' High School was opened on August 3rd, 1863. About a week afterwards (August 11th) an ably-written leading article on the subject appeared in the Otago Daily Times. After dealing with the subject of the Boys' School in a very appreciative manner, the writer proceeds as follows:—"The High School, however, wants a companion institution. There is one direction in which we have attempted little and done less to promote the best interests of education and of families. We mean in the provision made for the education of girls, especially after they have arrived at an age when it is untasteful to their friends and obviously unwise that they should remain in the mixed common school." Then follow some well-put arguments in support of the proposal to establish a Girls' High School, and the article concludes as follows:—"It is to be hoped that a High School for girls will be promptly organised in Dunedin." A day or two afterwards, a letter appeared in the Daily Times over the signature "Paterfamilias," thanking the editor for his sensible and well-timed article, and suggesting that pressure should be brought to bear upon the Government to take steps for the establishment of the proposed school with the least possible delay. This was the first occasion on which the proposal to establish a Girls' High School in Dunedin was publicly discussed, and it is only due to the Otago Daily Times that this fact should not be lost sight of. But before and after the publication of the article referred to, the subject received careful consideration from the education authorities, and it was fully resolved that a Girls' High School should be established as soon as the difficulties that interposed should be removed, the chief of these being inability to procure a suitable site and building for the purpose. In the Provincial Council on November 4th, 1864, Major Richardson moved the following resolution, of which notice had previously been given by Mr Reynolds—(1) "That it is expedient to give encouragement to the education of girls beyond that afforded by the ordinary district schools; and (2) that the Government be ​requested to submit to the House during the next session some scheme by which this result could be attained."
The subject continued to receive consideration from time to time, but nothing definite was done until June, 1869, when, on the motion of Mr J. L. Gillies, it was resolved by the Provincial Council—"That the Government be requested to appoint an honorary commission to determine the best site and scheme for a High School, and to consider whether it is expedient that provision should be made in the same building for the teaching of girls as well as boys." The commission consisted of the following members:—The Rev. Dr. Stuart (chairman), Mr Justice Ward, the Hon. P. D. Bell, and the following members of the Provincial Council:—Messrs Reynolds, Turnbull, McIndoe, McLean, Reid, Haggitt, Duncan, Gillies, and Mouat.
In addition to other documents, the commission had before it a letter and papers received from a committee of ladies in Otago, who greatly interested themselves in the proposed establishment of a Girls' High School. The late Mrs. E. B. Cargill was President of the committee, and Miss Dalrymple was its most indefatigable Secretary. The commission expressed its deep obligation to the ladies' committee and to Miss Dalrymple, and embodied in its report a number of the recommendations made by them. The commission recommended that the rector's residence and boarding establishment should be removed to another locality, and that the rooms to be vacated, together with such additional accommodation as might be found necessary, should be occupied as a Girls' High School, a residence for the Lady Principal, and a boarding-house for girls from a distance; and that the other portions of the building should be enlarged and adapted to the purposes of a Boys' High School.
THE OPENING OF THE SCHOOL UNDER MRS. BURN.
At the end of 1870 the several additions and improvements recommended by the Commission were completed, and the Education Board was placed in a position to open the Girls' School, and to organise it in accordance with the Commission's recommendations. Mrs. M. Gordon Burn, formerly Lady Superintendent of Geelong Girls' College, was appointed Lady Principal, and the following teachers were also engaged:—Miss Macdougall (now Mrs. Neish), first assistant; Mrs. Rhind, ​resident governess; Miss Huie (now Mrs. Borrows), resident music governess; and Miss Bell (now Mrs. McGlashan), and Mr. Lees, visiting music teachers. The services of Mr. D. C. Hutton as Drawing Master were secured, and these have been continued ever since. Mr. Gr. M. Thomson rendered valuable service for some years as conductor of the Class Singing Lessons. It was also arranged with the Rector that the masters of the Boys' School should give lessons in some of the higher subjects to classes in the Girls' School. The prospectus issued by the Board set forth that the object of the institution was to impart to girls a thoroughly useful and liberal education, combined with careful moral and religious instruction; that the ordinary course would embrace a thorough English education, viz.:—Reading, Grammar, Composition, Elocution, History, Natural Science, Geography, Writing and Arithmetic, and also Class-Singing, Drawing, French, and Industrial Work; and that competent teachers would be engaged for Music, Singing (private lessons), Dancing and Calisthenics, German, and other branches that might afterwards be found desirable.
The School was opened on February 6, 1871, with a roll of 78 pupils; by the end of the quarter there were 102 in attendance; and at the close of the year there were 130 names on the roll, including 16 boarders. It was now found necessary to enlarge the school buildings, both for day-school and boarding-house purposes. In 1872 the number enrolled was 125. In the beginning of 1873 it was found advisable to discontinue the arrangements under which some of the masters of the Boys' School gave lessons to the senior classes in the Girls' School, and to transfer the services of Mr. Pope wholly to the latter. The number on the school roll at the end of 1873 was 137, and the average for the year, 126. In 1874, the attendance had increased to 155, and the accommodation again became insufficient. The number of pupil-boarders had increased to 24, and want of room compelled Mrs Burn almost every week to decline receiving more girls. The Board was therefore under the necessity of again making considerable additions to the building.
Mrs. Burn had thrown so much energy and zeal into the performance of her onerous and responsible duties that she somewhat overtaxed her strength, and towards the end of 1874 ​the Board asked her to accept leave of absence for a few months. A temporary substitute was engaged, and the work of the School was satisfactorily carried on. In 1875, the average quarterly enrolment of pupils rose to 168. The number of girls receiving music lessons in connection with the school was 77. As the upper division of the school became more and more composed of pupils who had been trained in the lower classes, a higher standard of attainment began to be reached than was at first possible.
In course of time the work devolving upon the Lady Principal, consequent upon the increasing number of day scholars and pupil boarders became so onerous, that, in response to her own proposal, the Board resolved to relieve her of the care of the boarding establishment, so that her time and energies might be confined solely to the superintendence of the day-school. Mrs. Martin was accordingly placed in charge of the boarding-house in July 1876, Mrs. Burn giving up the occupation of the official residence. Mrs. Martin continued to preside over the boarding department until the beginning of 1878, when the Board of Governors, that had been appointed under the High Schools Act of 1877, reverted to the original arrangement, and placed Mrs. Burn in charge of the boarding institution as well as the day-school.
Under the Board of Governors the School continued to prosper as in former years, the only difficulty being the occasional inability of Mrs. Burn's strength to bear the strain imposed upon it by her energy and zeal in the performance of her weighty and responsible duties. With a view to reduce the strain, the Board of Governors in 1883 resolved to secure the services of a highly qualified Vice-Principal, who should also act as Mathematical teacher, and Sir. F. D. Bell and Professor Sidgwick of Trinity College, Cambridge, were requested to make a suitable selection in the Home Country. Their choice fell upon Miss J. J. McKean, who entered on her duties in November, 1883, and has ever since performed them in a highly satisfactory manner. In 1884 Mrs. Burn was compelled, by the state of her health, to resign the Lady Principalship. It is very generally admitted that from first to last Mrs. Burn performed the duties of her office with rare ability, and with a devotion and zeal that could not be surpassed, ​and that under her superintendence the Otago Girls' High School proved an uninterrupted success. The following is an extract from the Inspector General's Report on the School about the time of Mrs. Burn's retirement:—"December 1, 1884. The Otago Girls' High School, which I visited on 17th September, maintains its high character for efficiency. Mrs. Burn, who has conducted it for so many years with distinguished ability, is about to retire."
MR ALEX. WILSON, M.A.
On Mrs Burn's retirement, the Board of Governors invited Mr Alex. Wilson, M.A., to accept the rectorship of the Girls' High School. Mr Wilson had for many years greatly distinguished himself as English Master of the Boys' High School, and on the occasion of Dr. Macdonald's absence in 1884, had fulfilled the duties of Acting-rector of the Boys' School with much ability and success. Miss Bathgate was at the same time placed in charge of the Boarding Institution. Under Mr Wilson and his very efficient staff the Girls' High School has well maintained its high character in all respects. In November 1886 the Inspector General thus reports of the school:—"This is also one of our best schools. The study of the English language occupies a prominent place. Latin and mathematics are well taught. The instruction in gymnastics is excellent. There are some good earnest students among the elder girls." The same gentleman's report in 1887 is as follows:—"This school is altogether in a very satisfactory condition, and it is pleasant to observe that the elder girls have acquired thoroughly good habits of serious study." The report for last year is not yet issued. There can be no doubt that, under Mr. Wilson's very able administration, the Girls' School possesses the full confidence of the governors, the parents of the pupils, and the general public. Five scholarships, including two University Junior Scholarships, were won by the pupils in 1888; several of them gained university distinctions, and eight of them stood high in the Otago University class examinations.
The attendance of pupils has also been well maintained. The highest number enrolled in any quarter of 1888 was 187. During the same year 71 entered the school for the first time. The enrolments during the last quarter of the year were 180, ​with an average attendance of 171. The highest number at one time on the roll in the history of the school is that of the present year (1889), the number being 199. There were 25 resident boarders and two day boarders in 1888, being a marked increase on previous years. Twelve junior and four senior scholars of the Education Board were in attendance during 1888.
BUILDINGS.
On the removal of the Boys' High School in February, 1885, to the new buildings in Arthur-street, the whole of the premises in Dowling-street were given up to the Girls' High School. The buildings are extensive and commodious, and are situated in a healthy and central locality, easily accessible from all parts of the city and suburbs. The main building contains a spacious central hall, in connection with which are a number of class-rooms well-furnished and adapted to the purposes of the school. Ample and suitable accommodation is provided for the lady manager of the boarding establishment, the resident governess, and a number of pupil boarders. The girls' bed-rooms are large, well lighted, and ventilated, and are exceedingly comfortable. Each boarder occupies a separate bed-room. There are six bath-rooms with shower baths, and hot and cold water laid on. Every possible requirement for an institution of the kind seems to have been provided, and everything has been arranged with a view to the health and comfort of the boarders, who are at all times under strict control and superintendence. The Boarding Department is under the direction of Miss Bathgate, a lady of high character and much experience. The recreation grounds cover an area of fully two acres, very completely and securely fenced, within which there are tennis courts, a fives court, playsheds, a large and exceedingly well-equipped gymnasium, &c.
GENERAL SCHOOL ARRANGEMENTS.
The school in common with the Boys' High School is under the control of a Board of Governors. The ordinary subjects of instruction include English, (Reading, Grammar, Composition, Geography, History, &c.,) Mathematics, (Arithmetic, Algebra, and Geometry,) Latin, French, German, Natural Science (Botany and Chemistry,) Writing, Drawing, Needlework, and Gymnastics. ​Visiting teachers are engaged for instruction in music. The teaching of the several subjects is provided for as follows:—English, the Rector and Miss F. E. Grant; French, the Rector and staff; Latin and German, Dr. F. A. Bülau; Mathematics, Miss J. J. McKean (Vice-Principal); Science, Mr G. M. Thomson, F.L.S.; Assistants, Misses E. E. Little, and S. Douglas; Drawing, Mr D. C. Hutton; Gymnastics, Mr John Hanna. The following are visiting teachers: Music (piano), Mrs. T. White, Madam Müller, and Miss E. Pratt; Singing, (private lessons) Mrs. T. White. It is worthy of mention that two very efficient members of the staff, Misses Grant and Little, were formerly pupils of the school, and that a number of other ex-pupils hold responsible positions in High Schools and other schools throughout the Colony.
There is an upper and a lower school. On first entering, pupils are classified according to their general proficiency in the subjects of instruction. Those who join the first form are expected to be able to read and spell fairly, and to know the four simple rules of Arithmetic. In connection with the Science Class, there is a fully furnished laboratory supplied with apparatus for practical Chemistry, as well as with microscopes for higher Botanical work. The pupils have two lessons weekly in Gymnastics in the large and well-equipped gymnasium attached to the school. Too much emphasis cannot be laid on the opportunity thus afforded to girls attending the school of receiving a systematic and complete physical education.
THE SCHOOL OF ART.
In January 1870, the Education Board instituted the Dunedin School of Art under the directorship of Mr. David C. Hutton, formerly Master of the Perth School of Art. Mr. Hutton was selected for the position by the late Mr. John Auld, Home Agent for Otago. Two rooms in the building now occupied by the Colonial Bank were set apart and suitably furnished as class-rooms. It was arranged that the following classes should be formed: (1) A class for girls and young women; (2) A class for the High School pupils and other youths who might desire to attend; (3) Classes for pupil teachers, schoolmasters, and schoolmistresses, whether engaged in public or private schools; (4) Evening classes for apprentices and others. When the Girls' ​High School was opened in 1871, Mr. Hutton's services were also secured for that institution. For a number of years Mr. Hutton and his assistants gave lessons in the District Schools of Dunedin and suburbs, and in some of the District High Schools, but this has been discontinued owing to so many schools being now in operation, and the consequent inability of the staff to overtake the work, except at a rate of expenditure beyond the means of the Education Board. In 1876, the School of Art was provided with an excellent suite of rooms on the upper floor of the Normal School building, consisting of a very large general drawing-class room, a painting room, a cast room, a modelling room, master's room, store room, lavatories, &c. In all these arrangements Mr. Hutton's views and wishes were consulted.
The original scheme of instruction has been adhered to almost without a change. From the very outset Mr. Hutton has devoted himself to his work with rare enthusiasm, ability, and diligence, and with distinguished success. The benefit conferred by Mr. Hutton's labours on the large numbers who have successively attended his classes is really incalculable. Probably no class of students has profited to a larger extent than that of the apprentices and other youths, who in considerable numbers have attended the evening classes. Not a few of them, owing to the taste and skill developed by such attendance, are now occupying positions of usefulness and responsibility, for which they would not otherwise have been qualified. Employers of skilled labour in Dunedin and elswhere have borne testimony to this result. Many of the High School pupils, and the students of the ladies' afternoon classes have attained very considerable proficiency in drawing and painting, and a number of them have gained no small distinction. Probably the most distinguished ex-students of the school are Miss Mary Park, Miss Sperrey (now Mrs. Mair), and Miss M. Hartley.
The evening classes meet from seven till nine o'clock. Mondays and Wednesdays are given to freehand and model drawing, shading and painting in monochrome from the antique, modelling in clay and casting, painting in oil and water colours. Tuesdays and Thursdays are devoted to the study of practical plane and solid geometry, and mechanical and architectural ​drawing. Fridays are given to drawing and painting from the living model, draped.
The Teachers' and Pupil Teachers' classes meet on Mondays, Tuesdays, Wednesdays, and Thursdays from 5.45 to 6.45 p.m., and on Saturdays for an hour in the forenoon. Country teachers attend on Saturdays. The Normal School students in training attend for an hour every forenoon except on Friday. All these classes are organised to suit the circumstances of the students, and their several stages of advancement. The day classes meet from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. for the study of elementary and advanced drawing, practical plane and solid geometry, mechanical and architectural drawing, painting in water and oil colours (elementary and advanced), modelling, &c. The morning class is attended by students from the School of Mines, and by young ladies who are engaged during the day; the former are studying practical plane and solid geometry, and machine drawing; the latter, drawing and painting. These classes promise to become very popular. The afternoon class is attended chiefly by those who are studying art as a profession, or for the purpose of improvement. The High Schools are statedly visited by Mr. Hutton and his assistant, who impart instruction in drawing of a very valuable character to the pupils in nearly all the forms. Mr Hutton is aided by a well qualified assistant and a pupil teacher.
The following is the present attendance at the several classes in the School of Art:—
| Evening classes— | Mondays and Wednesdays | 90 |
| {{{1}}}„{{{1}}}„ | Tuesdays and Thursdays | 44 |
| {{{1}}}„{{{1}}}„ | Fridays | 9 |
| | | | 143 |
| Teachers and pupil teachers | Teachers and pupil teachers | 109 |
| Not connected with the Public Schools | Not connected with the Public Schools | 14 |
| Normal School students | Normal School students | 55 |
| | | | 178 |
| Day classes | Day classes | 52 |
| Total | Total | 373 |
About 400 High School pupils receive instruction in drawing from Mr. Hutton or his assistant.
TECHNICAL CLASSES ASSOCIATION.
On November 15, 1888, a society, named "the Dunedin Technical Classes Association" was formed at a public meeting for the purpose of promoting the education of the youths of the city by means of evening classes. The following named office bearers were elected: President, Mr. Alexander Burt; Hon. Secretary, Mr. G. M. Thomson, F.L.S.; Hon. Treasurer, Mr. George M. Barr, M.I.C.E.; Committee, Messrs W. S. Fitzgerald, R. Harding, D. McNicoll, C. McQueen, J. Robin, R. S. Sparrow, D. White M.A., and Alexander Wilson, M.A. The association numbers about 100 members, including life-members. The subjects proposed to be taught at the outset have been grouped as follows:—(A) Literary; (B) Scientific; and (C) Manual; classes (A) and (B) to be open only to candidates that have passed the "sixth standard" or its equivalent; the subjects in group (A) to include English, Latin, French, German, Shorthand, &c.; in group (B), mathematics, chemistry, physics, &c.; and in group (C), freehand and mechanical drawing, carpentry, modelling, wood and metal turning, &c. Any person may become a member of the association by an annual subscription of 5s; and a life member by a single payment of £5 or upwards. As a rule fees are charged to all the pupils. The classes are held in winter, from the beginning of May to the end of October.
The first session opened in May, 1889, and up to 22nd August, the number of students enrolled was 283. The Education Board has granted free of charge the use of class-rooms in the Normal School. Mr George M. Thomson is superintendent of the classes. The subjects taught during the first session, the number of students and the names of the several teachers, are as follows:—
| | students. |
| English:—Mr J. H. Chapman | 33 |
| English literature:—Rev. Rutherford Waddell, M.A. | 64 |
| Latin:—Rev. A. R. Fitchett, M.A. | 20 |
| Greek:—Rev. A. R. Fitchett, M.A. | 1 |
| Algebra and Euclid:—Mr Alex. McLean | 26 |
| Arithmetic:—Messrs J. R. Montgomery, M.A. and F. B. Allan, M.A. | 59 ​ |
| Chemistry:—Mr G. M. Thomson, F.L.S. | 35 |
| Shorthand:—Messrs Crosby Smith and S. M. Park | 78 |
| Carpentry and Turning:—Mr W. H. Scott | 14 |
| Drawing:—this subject is provided for by Mr Hutton's evening classes, described in the preceding article, which are attended by 143 students. |
DUNEDIN KINDERGARTEN ASSOCIATION.
This association was formed during the present year (1889), for the purpose of establishing free kindergartens for the children of the poorer classes. The association is purely unsectarian, and is supported by voluntary subscription. The annual subscription for members is one guinea (with right of nomination of a pupil), or half a guinea without such right. Honorary members pay 2/6, and children 1/-. Any one may become a life member (with right of nomination of a pupil) by a payment of £5. The following are the office-bearers: President, Mrs. W. H. Reynolds; Vice Presidents, Mrs. Belcher, Mrs. A. S. Paterson and Miss Bathgate; Treasurer, Miss Marsden Smith; Secretary, Miss Kelsey; Assistant Secretary, Miss F. Wimperis; twelve members of Committee, and six members of Finance Committee. The association began operations some months ago, having obtained from St Andrews congregation the use of the Mission Hall in Walker Street free of charge. At present one well-qualified lady teacher and two assistants are employed. The school meets from 9.30 a.m. to 3.30 p.m., with an interval of two hours. There are about 40 names on the roll of pupils. The association is still in its infancy, but as its sphere of operations becomes enlarged, and the value of the work proposed to be accomplished by it is more widely known and appreciated, incalculable benefits will no doubt be conferred on many of the poorer families of the city.
It is worthy of mention that other valuable educational work is carried on in the Walker Street Mission Hall. On Monday evenings there are penny readings, and occasional scientific experiments of a simple and interesting character. These meetings are crowded by the poorer classes in and around Walker Street. On Wednesdays there is a Juvenile Singing Class, and on Thursdays a class for girls for the giving of instruction in household management, &c. It is in contemplation to begin a ​night school on another evening in the week, for teaching boys the elements of arithmetic, combined with technical instruction of some kind.
LEAVITT HOUSE.
Good educational work among the young people of the poorer classes around Pelichet Bay, is carried on in Leavitt House by Mrs. James Miller and Mrs. George MacKenzie, assisted by a band of volunteer workers. This large building near Pelichet Bay station, formerly an hotel, is maintained by the Women's Christian Temperance Union, and is fitted up with a large hall for meetings, class-rooms, a work-shop, &c, and is in use almost every day in the week for educational purposes. On Monday evening there are classes for the instruction of girls and young women in needle-work, knitting, and crochet-work, and also in ironing. These classes are attended by about 75 young persons. On the same evening there are boys' classes for Junior English, shorthand, leather-work, &c. On Tuesday evening, during the winter months, there is a cookery class from 7 to 9 o'clock for girls and young women, with an average attendance of about 30. There is also a youths' class on the same evening for Senior English. On Wednesday evening there are classes for Junior English and book-keeping. On the evening of Thursday Mr Rankine conducts a class for two hours for the instruction of girls and young women in "cutting out," according to what is known as the "Ladies' Scientific System," simple lessons being also given in dressmaking. On the same evening there are also classes for Senior English, and for carpenter work, attended by about 35 youths. Altogether there is an attendance of about 86 youths at the Industrial Work classes. On Friday there is a Temperance or Band of Hope meeting, which is usually attended by about 100 young people. On Saturday evening there is a well-attended Mutual Improvement class for lads.
CATHOLIC CHURCH SCHOOLS.
The Reverend Father Lynch, in the absence of the Bishop, has been good enough to supply the following information regarding the schools maintained by the Catholic Church authorities in Dunedin.
The Christian Brothers' School at St. Joseph's, Rattray-street, is taught by five members of the Society of Christian ​Brothers, assisted by two pupil-teachers and one visiting master. The course of instruction embraces all the subjects usually taught in good primary schools, in addition to which the upper classes receive instruction in French, Latin, Euclid, Algebra, Natural Philosophy, and Book-keeping. Much attention is given to Shorthand. Boys who remain sufficiently long in the school are prepared for the Civil Service and Matriculation Examinations. The school thus serves both as a Primary and an Intermediate School. Free-hand Drawing and Vocal Music, on the tonic sol-fa method, are taught in all the classes. There is a special Athletic class attached to the school, receiving instruction from an experienced teacher.
There is a fine playground provided with a well-furnished Gymnasium for the use of all the scholars, and the out-offices are constructed on the newest and most approved principles. The number on the roll for the present year (1889) is close on 300, with a daily attendance of from 250 to 270. The scholars attending the school have the advantage of a lending library and a small museum. The school is supported by the voluntary contributions of the parents of the scholars. There is a class for the literary improvement of the young held at the school. There are also classes for the religious instruction of boys and youths on Sunday afternoon. These classes are attended by over 200 scholars. In addition to the above, a very useful and flourishing Catholic Literary Society holds its meetings at the school every Wednesday evening during the winter months.
A Girls' High School, attended by 108 pupils including boarders, is maintained at the Dominican Priory, Dowling-street. The curriculum embraces all the branches of a liberal education, special attention being devoted to Latin and the Higher Mathematics, with a view to the preparation for matriculation of those pupils who complete the course. Vocal and instrumental music, crayon drawing, and painting, are cultivated to a high degree. Many of the ex-pupils are now among the leading musicians in the colonies. The piano, the organ, and the harp are taught by the nuns, and the violin by visiting masters. The classes for German and Italian are not numerously attended, as the taste for foreign literature is not sufficiently developed. With a view to form this taste, the nuns require their pupils to speak the French language ​at all times not devoted to English studies. Young ladies of all denominations are admitted to the school. The nuns, whose lives are consecrated to the work, devote special care to the manners and moral training of their pupils. With a view to the further culture of those who had been under their care, the nuns have established a Musical and Dramatic Club. Their past pupils meet monthly in considerable numbers at the convent. At these meetings, readings, recitations, the discussion of literary subjects, and music, are engaged in, and much lively talent is displayed.
St. Joseph's Primary School for Girls, Rattray-street, adjoins the Convent grounds, and is partially supported by the voluntary contributions of Catholic friends. Here the standards of educacation are similar to those of the public schools of the Colony. Girls who remain sufficiently long at the school, enter on a course of higher studies, and should they display aptitude for teaching they are systematically trained for that profession. Free-hand drawing, and singing on the tonic sol-fa method are taught in all the classes. The average daily attendance is 180.
Classes for religious instruction are carried on every day. On Sundays not only the school children, but working girls and young women attend.
Another primary school is conducted by the Dominican Nuns at South Dunedin, which, like all their schools, is unsupported by Government aid.
DUNEDIN JEWISH SCHOOLS.
Mr. J. Benjamin, secretary to the Jewish congregation, has kindly furnished the following information. The Hebrew School is attended on Sundays and Thursdays by 30 pupils. The Head-master is the Rev. B. Lichtenstein, assisted by Misses Clara Davies, Bessie Lishtenstein, and Louisa Cohen. The Sabbath School meets on Saturdays with the same staff and scholars.
PRIVATE SCHOOLS.
ST. JOSEPH'S CATHEDRAL, DUNEDIN.
​obtain full and reliable information regarding all of them, and it has therefore been deemed advisable not to select any for special mention.
PROTESTANT SUNDAY SCHOOLS.
Very considerable attention is given by the ministers and members of the Protestant churches in Dunedin and suburbs, and indeed throughout the Provincial District, to the religious instruction of the young by means of Sunday Schools. With scarcely an exception every congregation maintains one or more schools of this kind.
There is a Sunday School Teachers' Union in connection with the Church of England, the office-bearers being the Right Rev. Bishop Nevill, President; the Ven. Archdeacon Edwards, and the Revs. Messrs Fitchett and York, Vice-Presidents; Mr. W. A. W. Wathen, Hon. Secretary; Mr. H. Wilson, Hon. Treasurer; and a committee of seven members. The Union embraces the three city schools—St Pauls, All Saints, and St Matthews—and five suburban schools. Each clergyman takes a direct interest in the supervision of the school work of his parish. Circumstances have prevented information being obtained as to the number of teachers and scholars connected with each of these schools. The attendance at all of them is about 1500.
In April, 1888, the officers and teachers of the other Protestant denominations formed the Otago Sunday School Union, which has been affiliated with the London Sunday School Union. The office-bearers are: Mr John Reith, President; the Revs. Messrs Baumber, Hilton, Porter, and Walker, and the Hon. Thomas Dick, Vice-Presidents; Mr W. A. Paterson, Hon. Treasurer; Messrs P. Barr, and D. E. Eunson, Hon. Auditors; Mr. W. T. Todd, Hon. Secretary, and an Executive of ten members including the President, &c. There are about 42 schools in Otago connected with the Union. They may be classified according to locality as follows:—
| | schools. | teachers. | scholars. |
| Dunedin City | 11 | 292 | 2528 |
| Dunedin suburbs | 20 | 312 | 2745 |
| Remoter localities | 11 | 154 | 1438 |
| Total | 42 | 758 | 6711 |
​There are schools in Dunedin, the suburbs, and remoter localities that are not associated with the Union. Circumstances have rendered it impossible to obtain full and reliable information regarding such schools. Returns received from ten of them in Dunedin and suburbs show 150 teachers and 1304 scholars.
* ↑ The purposes specified by the Act are as follows: "Building or repairing of manses and churches in the Provices of Otago and Southland, and endowing or aiding in the endowment of any Theological chair or chairs in connection with the Presbyterian Church of Otago in any College or University which may hereafter be erected in the Province of Otago, or any or either of such purposes according to regulations that may be prescribed from time to time by the Synod of Otago and Southland."
* ↑ "I went round the town (Lawrence), and visited the Athenæum, or reading-room. In all these towns there are libraries, and the books are strongly bound and well thumbed. Carlyle, Macaulay, and Dickens are certainly better known to small communities in New Zealand than they are to similar congregations of men and women at Home. The schools, hospitals, reading-rooms and University were all there, and all in useful operation, so that life in the Province of Otago may be said to be a happy life, and one in which men and women may, and do have food to eat and clothes to wear, books to read, and education to enable them to read the books."—Anthony Trollope's "Australia and New Zealand." "The public library books are not only to be seen in the more comfortable and accessible dwellings in the settled districts. It is not an uncommon thing to find recently-published English books of a high class, bearing the Board's stamp upon them, in the shepherd's solitary abode among the hills, and in the digger's hut in gullies accessible only by mountain bridle-tracks." Otago Education Report for 1872.
* ↑ In writing this paragraph the Rector's report and prospectus have been freely made use of.