# Tales from the Arabic/Story of the King Who Knew the Quintessence of Things

Second-level story, contained in King Shah Bekht and His Vizier Er Rehwan
STORY OF THE KING WHO KNEW THE QUINTESSENCE OF THINGS.
There came to a king of the kings, in his old age, a son, who grew up comely, quick-witted and intelligent, and when he came to years of discretion and became a young man, his father said to him, ‘Take this kingdom and govern it in my stead, for I desire to flee [from the world] to God the Most High and don the gown of wool and give myself up to devotion.’ Quoth the prince, ‘And I also desire to take refuge with God the Most High.’ And the king said, ‘Arise, let us flee forth and make for the mountains and worship in them, for shamefastness before God the Most High.’
So they gat them raiment of wool and clothing themselves therewith, went forth and wandered in the deserts and wastes; but, when some days had passed over them, they became weak for hunger and repented them of that ​which they had done, whenas repentance profited them not, and the prince complained to his father of weariness and hunger. ‘Dear my son,’ answered the king, ‘I did with thee that which behoved me, but thou wouldst not hearken to me, and now there is no means of returning to thy former estate, for that another hath taken the kingdom and become its defender; but I will counsel thee of somewhat, wherein do thou pleasure me.’ Quoth the prince, ‘What is it?’ And his father said, ‘Take me and go with me to the market and sell me and take my price and do with it what thou wilt, and I shall become the property of one who will provide for my support,’ ‘Who will buy thee of me,’ asked the prince, ‘seeing thou art a very old man? Nay, do thou rather sell me, for the demand for me will be greater.’ But the king said, ‘An thou wert king, thou wouldst require me of service.’
So the youth obeyed his father’s commandment and taking him, carried him to the slave-dealer and said to the latter, ‘Sell me this old man.’ Quoth the dealer, ‘Who will buy this fellow, and he a man of fourscore?’ Then said he to the king, ‘In what crafts dost thou excel?’ Quoth he, ‘I know the quintessence of jewels and I know the quintessence of horses and that of men; brief, I know the quintessence of all things.’ So the dealer took him and went about, offering him for sale to the folk; but none would buy. Presently, up came the overseer of the [Sultan’s] kitchen and said, ‘What is this man?’ And the dealer answered, ‘This is a slave for ​sale.’ The cook marvelled at this and bought the king for ten thousand dirhems, after questioning him of what he could do. Then he paid down the money and carried him to his house, but dared not employ him in aught of service; so he appointed him an allowance, such as should suffice for his livelihood, and repented him of having bought him, saying, ‘What shall I do with the like of this fellow?’
Presently, the king [of the city] was minded to go forth to his garden, a-pleasuring, and bade the cook forego him thither and appoint in his stead one who should dress meat for the king, so that, when he returned, he might find it ready. So the cook fell a-considering of whom he should appoint and was bewildered concerning his affair. As he was on this wise, the old man came to him and seeing him perplexed how he should do, said to him, ‘Tell me what is in thy mind; belike, I may avail to relieve thee.’ So he acquainted him with the king’s wishes and he said, ‘Have no care for this, but leave me one of the serving-men and go thou in peace and surety, for I will suffice thee of this.’ So the cook departed with the king, after he had brought the old man what he needed and left him a man of the guards.
When he was gone, the old man bade the trooper wash the kitchen-vessels and made ready passing goodly food. When the king returned, he set the meat before him, and he tasted food whose like he had never known; whereat he marvelled and asked who had dressed it. So they acquainted him with the old man’s case and he summoned ​him to his presence and awarded him a handsome recompense. Moreover, he commanded that they should cook together, he and the cook, and the old man obeyed his commandment.
Awhile after this, there came two merchants to the king with two pearls of price and each of them avouched that his pearl was worth a thousand dinars, but there was none who availed to value them. Then said the cook, ‘God prosper the king! Verily, the old man whom I bought avouched that he knew the quintessence of jewels and that he was skilled in cookery. We have made proof of him in cookery and have found him the skilfullest of men; and now, if we send after him and prove him on jewels, [the truth or falsehood of] his pretension will be made manifest to us.’
So the king bade fetch the old man and he came and stood before the Sultan, who showed him the two pearls. Quoth he, ‘As for this one, it is worth a thousand dinars.’ And the king said, ‘So saith its owner.’ ‘But for this other,’ continued the old man, ‘it is worth but five hundred.’ The folk laughed and marvelled at his saying, and the merchant, [the owner of the second pearl], said to him, ‘How can this, which is greater of bulk and purer of water and more perfect of rondure, be less of worth than that?’ And the old man answered, ‘I have said what is with me.’ Then said the king to him, ‘Indeed, the ​outward appearance thereof is like unto that of the other pearl; why then is it worth but the half of its price?’ ‘Yes,’ answered the old man, ‘[its outward resembleth the other]; but its inward is corrupt.’ ‘Hath a pearl then an outward and an inward?’ asked the merchant, and the old man said, ‘Yes. In its inward is a boring worm; but the other pearl is sound and secure against breakage.’ Quoth the merchant, ‘Give us a token of this and prove to us the truth of thy saying.’ And the old man answered, ‘We will break the pearl. If I prove a liar, here is my head, and if I speak truth, thou wilt have lost thy pearl.’ And the merchant said, ‘I agree to that.’ So they broke the pearl and it was even as the old man had said, to wit, in its midst was a boring worm.
The king marvelled at what he saw and questioned him of [how he came by] the knowledge of this. ‘O king,’ answered the old man, ‘this [kind of] jewel is engendered in the belly of a creature called the oyster and its origin is a drop of rain and it is firm to the touch [and groweth not warm, when held in the hand]; so, when [I took the second pearl and felt that] it was warm to the touch, I knew that it harboured some living thing, for that live things thrive not but in heat.’ So the king said to the cook, ‘Increase his allowance.’ And he appointed to him [fresh] allowances.
Awhile after this, two merchants presented themselves to the king with two horses, and one said, ‘I ask a thousand dinars for my horse,’ and the other, ‘I seek five ​thousand for mine.’ Quoth the cook, ‘We have experienced the old man’s just judgment; what deemeth the king of fetching him?’ So the king bade fetch him, and when he saw the two horses, he said, ‘This one is worth a thousand and the other two thousand dinars.’ Quoth the folk, ‘This [horse that thou judgeth the lesser worth] is an evident thoroughbred and he is younger and swifter and more compact of limb than the other, ay, and finer of head and clearer of skin and colour. What token, then, hast thou of the truth of thy saying?’ And the old man said, ‘This ye say is all true, but his sire is old and this other is the son of a young horse. Now, when the son of an old horse standeth still [to rest,] his breath returneth not to him and his rider falleth into the hand of him who followeth after him; but the son of a young horse, if thou put him to speed and make him run, [then check him] and alight from off him, thou wilt find him untired, by reason of his robustness.’
Quoth the merchant, ‘Indeed, it is as the old man avoucheth and he is an excellent judge.’ And the king said, ‘Increase his allowance.’ But the old man stood still and did not go away. So the king said to him, ‘Why dost thou not go about thy business?’ And he answered, ‘My business is with the king.’ ‘Name what thou wouldst have,’ said the king, and the other replied, ‘I would have thee question me of the quintessences of men, even as thou hast questioned me of the quintessences of horses.’ Quoth the king, ‘We have no occasion to question thee of [this].’ But the old man replied, ‘I have occasion to acquaint thee.’ ‘Say what thou pleasest,’ rejoined the ​king, and the old man said, ‘Verily, the king is the son of a baker.’ Quoth the king ‘How knowest thou that?’ And the other replied, ‘Know, O king, that I have examined into degrees and dignities and have learnt this.’
Thereupon the king went in to his mother and questioned her of his father, and she told him that the king her husband was weak; ‘wherefore,’ quoth she, ‘I feared for the kingdom, lest it pass away, after his death; so I took to my bed a young man, a baker, and conceived by him [and bore a son]; and the kingship came into the hand of my son, to wit, thyself.’ So the king returned to the old man and said to him, ‘I am indeed the son of a baker; so do thou expound to me the means whereby thou knewest me for this.’ Quoth the other, ‘I knew that, hadst thou been a king’s son, thou wouldst have given largesse of things of price, such as rubies [and the like]; and wert thou the son of a Cadi, thou hadst given largesse of a dirhem or two dirhems, and wert thou the son of a merchant, thou hadst given wealth galore. But I saw that thou guerdonest me not but with cakes of bread [and other victual], wherefore I knew that thou wast the son of a baker.’ Quoth the king, ‘Thou hast hit the mark.’ And he gave him wealth galore and advanced him to high estate.”
* ↑ i.e. the essential nature, lit. jewel.
* ↑ i.e. in proffering thee the kingship.
* ↑ Without the city.
* ↑ According to the conclusion of the story, this recompense consisted in an augmentation of the old man’s allowances of food. See post, p. 245.
* ↑ i.e. I have given my opinion.
* ↑ This passage is evidently corrupt. I have amended it, on conjecture, to the best of my power.
* ↑ The words ruteb wa menazil, here rendered “degrees and dignities,” may also be rendered, “stations and mansions (of the moon and planets).”
* ↑ Syn. “ailing” or “sickly.”
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