OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1912 supplement/Brydon, John McKean

​BRYDON, JOHN McKEAN (1840–1901), architect, born at Dunfermline in 1840, was son of John Brydon, tailor and draper of that place, by his wife, whose maiden surname was McKean. He was educated at the Commercial Academy in Dunfermline. After receiving his early architectural training in Liverpool from 1856 and studying in Italy, he served under David Bryce [q. v.] in Edinburgh. In 1866 he became managing assistant at Glasgow to Campbell Douglas and John James Stevenson [q. v. Suppl. II], and subsequently for two or three years worked in the London offices of William Eden Nesfield [q. v.] and Mr. Norman Shaw, ​R.A. After establishing with Wallace & Cottier, two fellow architects, a decorating and furnishing business in Langham Place, Brydon returned to architectural practice, and in 1883-4 was engaged in building St. Peter's Hospital, Henrietta Street, Covent Garden. In 1885 he won the competition for the Chelsea vestry hall and subsequently built (1889) the neighbouring free library and the South-West London Polytechnic. Brydon was frequently successful in competitions, securing in 1891 the commission to build the municipal buildings at Bath (opened 1895), an important engagement followed by the erection of the Technical Schools (1895-6), the Victoria Art Gallery and Library (opened 1901), and the pump room extensions, all in the same city. The last undertaking, obtained in competition (1894), involved the covering-in of the scholae of the Roman bath [see Davis, Charles Edward, Suppl. II]. In 1889 Brydon carried out the New Hospital for Women in the Euston Road, London, and in 1896 the London School of Medicine for Women in Handel Street, W.C. (1897-9). Other of his works were the village hall, Forest Row, Sussex (1892) (which after destruction by fire he rebuilt); the private residences, Lewins in Kent for Joseph Robinson, Bournemead at Bushey, and Pickhurst, Surrey; residential chambers for ladies in Chenies Street, W.C.; and for J. J. Tissot, the French artist, a studio and certain alterations at the Château de Buillon.
Brydon was selected in 1898 from a limited number of first-rate architects as the designer of the offices in Whitehall for the local government board and the education department. His style for domestic and hospital work had been generally of a Georgian type of English renaissance, but in the designs at Bath he had shown a command of orthodox classicism. Brydon, before designing the great buildings now entrusted to him, paid a special visit to Italy. His design was worthy of its important site and purpose, but he died before the work was finished, leaving the completion of the buildings in the hands of the office of works. He became a fellow of the Royal Institute of British Architects in 1881, a vice-president in 1899 and 1901, and served for several years on its council. Brydon died at his residence 31 Steele's Road, Havers tock Hill, on 25 May 1901, and was buried in Highgate Cemetery.
[Journal Royal Inst. of Brit. Architects, 3rd series, 1901, viii. 381, 400; Builder, 1901, lxxx. 340.]
P. W.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1912 supplement/Browne, Thomas

​BROWNE, THOMAS (1870–1910), painter and black-and-white artist, born at Nottingham on 8 Dec. 1870, was son of Francis and Maria Browne. He was educated at St. Mary's national school in his native place, and at the age of eleven became an errand boy, first at a milliner's, and then in the lace-market. When fourteen he was apprenticed to a firm of lithographic printers, and served the full period of seven years. In the meantime he began to practise as a black-and-white artist, and had his first humorous drawings accepted by the periodical called 'Scraps.' In 1895 he came to London, which remained his headquarters till his death. He quickly found a ready market for his work in such papers as 'Cycling,' the 'Tatler,' the 'Illustrated Sporting and Dramatic News,' 'Punch,' the 'Sketch,' and the 'Graphic.' He paid more than one visit to America, and there published many sketches and cartoons in the 'New York Herald,' the ' New York Times,' and the 'Chicago Tribune.' His illustrations were characterised not only by their ready wit but by their admirable quality of line and fluency of draughtsmanship. By his contemporaries 'Tom Browne' will perhaps be best remembered for his creation of those comic types of American illustrated journalism, Weary Willie and Tired Tim. Among special volumes which he illustrated were 'Tom Browne's Cycle Sketch Book' (1897), 'The Khaki Alphabet Book' (1901), 'The Night Side of London' (1902), and 'Tom Browne's Comic Annual' (1904-5). He also won considerable success as a designer of posters, and in 1897 was one of the founders of the lithographic colour-printing firm of Tom Browne & Co. at Nottingham.
Though Brown was best known as a humorous draughtsman, his work as a painter in water-colour showed in its refinement of colour and design highly artistic gifts. For many of his paintings he found subjects in Holland and Spain, and in 1909 brought back much material from a tour in China and Japan. In 1898 he was elected a member of the Royal Society of British Artists, and in 1901 a member of the Royal Institute of Painters in Water-colour, while from 1898 to 1901 he exhibited each year at the Royal Academy, sending seven pictures in all. He was a member of the London Sketch Club from its foundation in 1897, and president in 1907. An active freemason, he was a past master of the Pen and Brush Lodge. The happy geniality which distinguished his life as well as his pictures won him hosts of friends.
On 1 Jan. 1910 Browne was operated on for an internal malady, and died on ​16 March 1910. He had been a lance-corporal in the City of London roughriders, and then held a commission in the Woolwich company of the army service corps (territorial). He was buried with military honours at Shooter's Hill cemetery. In 1892 he married Lucy Pares, and left one son and two daughters. His portrait in oils, by Kay Robertson, belongs to the Savage Club.
[The Times, 17 and 21 March, 1910; Who's Who, 1910; A. E. Johnson, Tom Browne, R.I., 1909; private information.]
M. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1912 supplement/Buchanan, George

​BUCHANAN, GEORGE (1827–1905), surgeon, born at Glasgow on 29 March 1827, was son of Moses Steven Buchanan (1796-1860) and Agnes Leechman, his wife. The father, who was surgeon to the Royal Infirmary and lecturer on anatomy in the Portland Street Medical School from 1836 to 1841, was appointed in the latter year professor of anatomy in the Andersonian University.
George was educated at the University of Glasgow, where he graduated M.A. in 1846. Three years later, after studying under his father and others 'at the Andersonian University, he became M.D. St. Andrews and L.R.C.S. Edinburgh, and in 1852 fellow of the Royal Faculty of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow. In early life ​he allowed the advantages of chloroform anæsthesia to be demonstrated upon himself, his father being the operator. He began to practise in Glasgow, but in 1856 went to the Crimea as a civil surgeon. He returned to Glasgow at the end of the war, and was one of the first to practise there purely as a consulting surgeon. In 1860, when he succeeded his father as professor of anatomy in the Andersonian University, he was also appointed surgeon to the Glasgow Royal Infirmary. There he had as a colleague Joseph (afterwards Lord) Lister, who was led by the prevalence of septic diseases in the wards to the great work of his life the introduction of the antiseptic method of wound treatment. Buchanan thus had the earliest opportunity of becoming acquainted with methods whereby the practice of surgery was revolutionised. He soon became known as a bold and skilful operator and as a good teacher. He first pointed out (1865 and 1867) the possibility and safety of removing half the tongue in cases of cancer. He was amongst the earlier surgeons to remove the upper jaw (1864 and 1869). He gave reasons for preferring lithotrity to lithotomy in operating for stone in the adult male (1868) and he was the first (1863) to perform ovariotomy successfully in the west of Scotland. When the Western Infirmary was opened he was transferred thither, and held the post of professor of clinical surgery from 1874 until 1900, when he retired with the title of emeritus professor of clinical surgery in the University of Glasgow and settled at Stirling. There he died on 19 April 1905.
He married Jessie, daughter of Patrick Blair of Irvine, and left one son, Dr. G. Burnside Buchanan, assistant surgeon to the Western Infirmary, Glasgow.
Buchanan published 'Camp Life as seen by a Civilian' (Glasgow, 1871), and he re-edited and largely rewrote (Sir) Erasmus Wilson's 'Anatomist's Vade Mecum' (London, 1873; 2nd edit. 1880).
[Glasgow Mod. Journal, 1906, Ixv. 354; Brit. Mod. Journal, 1906, i. 1078; additional information kindly given by his son.]
D’A. P.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1901 supplement/Bruce, John Collingwood

​BRUCE, JOHN COLLINGWOOD (1805–1892), antiquary, born at Albion Place, Newcastle-on-Tyne, in 1805, was the eldest son of John Bruce of Newcastle. He was educated at the Percy Street Academy, a well-known school in Newcastle kept by his father, and afterwards at Mill Hill School, Middlesex. He entered Glasgow University in 1821, graduated M.A. in 1826, and became hon. LL.D. in 1853. In early life he studied for the presbyterian ministry, but never sought a 'call' from any congregation. In 1831 he began to assist in the management of his father's school, of which he became sole proprietor in 1834, when his father died, lie retired from the school, after a successful career, in 1863.
Bruce was an enthusiastic antiquary, and his work, though hardly that of a discoverer, was of a useful and stimulating kind. His best known books are 'The Roman Wall,' published in 1851, and 'The Wallet Book [in later editions 'The Handbook'] of the Roman Wall,' published in 1863. He acted as editor, from 1870 to 1875, of the 'Lapidarium Septentrionale,' issued by the Newcastle Society of Antiquaries. During forty years Bruce annually visited various parts of the Wall, and organised 'pilgrimages' thither in 1851 and 1886. He was aided in his researches by his friend John Clayton, F.S.A. Bruce was a secretary and vice-president of the Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle (elected 1846); fellow of the Society of Antiquaries, London (elected 1852); and corresponding member of the Royal Archæological Institute of Rome. He was also chairman of the Royal Infirmary, Newcastle, and organised a choir to visit its wards.
Bruce died, after a short illness, at his residence in Newcastle on 5 April 1892, and was buried in the old cemetery, Jesmond. Some of his maps and drawings were presented by his son in 1893 to the Newcastle Society of Antiquaries. A portrait of Bruce from a photograph is prefixed to the 'Hand- ​ book of the Roman Wall' (4th edit. ; also in Arch. Æl., 1892, xv. 364).
Bruce married in 1833 Charlotte, daughter of T. Gainsford of Gerrard's Cross, Buckinghamshire, and had two sons and two daughters. The eldest son. Sir Gainsford Bruce, is now one of the judges of the high court of justice.
Bruce was a frequent contributor to the 'Archæologia Æliana' and to similar periodicals. Among his separately published works may be mentioned: 1. 'The Handbook of English History,' 1848, 12mo; 3rd edit. 1857. 2. 'The Roman Wall,' Newcastle-on-Tyne, 1851, 4to; 2nd edit., enlarged, 1853; 3rd edit. 1867. 3. 'The Bayeux Tapestry,' 1856. 4. 'The Wallet Book of the Roman Wall,' 1863, 8vo ; 4th edit, (the 'Handbook'), 1895.
[Archæologia Æliana, 1892, xv. 364 f. (Hodgkin) ; Proceedings of Soc. of Antiquaries, London, 23 April 1892, p. 132 (Evans) ; Athenæum, 9 April 1892, p. 475; Brit. Mus. Cat.]
W. W.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1912 supplement/Detmold, Charles Maurice

​DETMOLD, CHARLES MAURICE (1883–1908), animal painter and etcher, son of Edward Detmold, electrical engineer, by his wife Mary Agnes Luck, was born at Putney on 21 Nov. 1883. Together with his twin brother, Edward Julius, who shared in every stage of his artistic development, he was distinguished by extreme precocity. The two began as children, living at Hampstead, to draw and study animals in the Zoological Gardens and Natural History Museum, and they exhibited at the Royal Academy while still in their fourteenth year. On the advice of Burne-Jones they were not sent to any art school. They were profoundly influenced by Japanese art, and developed a style in which a searching study of natural forms, especially of the plumage of birds, was always subordinated to decorative arrangement. In 1897 both brothers began to etch, and in 1898 had made sufficient progress to issue jointly a portfolio of eight etchings of birds and animals. In 1899 a volume of coloured reproductions of their drawings was published by Dent under the title 'Pictures from Birdland.' In the same year appeared the first of a series of etchings executed jointly by the two brothers, each working on the same plate, which continued at intervals till 1906. Maurice produced in all ten etchings and two woodcuts in collaboration with Edward, and twenty-five etchings executed entirely by himself, though in part from drawings by his brother. Many of the brothers' etchings are immature, but the technical ability displayed in the best of them, especially ​in the latest of the joint works, is very remarkable. In 1900 the Detmolds held an exhibition of their prints and water-colours at the Fine Art Society's galleries. In 1904 they contributed a joint etching to 'The Artist Engraver,' and on 12 Jan. 1905 they were elected associates of the Royal Society of Painter Etchers; they contributed some of their best work to the 1905 exhibition, but afterwards resigned their membership; two plates produced late in that year were Maurice's last etched works. Jointly with his brother he painted large illustrations in water-colour to Rudyard Kipling's 'Jungle Book,' which were published in 1903. For several years the two Detmolds, who continued to reside at Hampstead, spent part of the year at Ditchling, Sussex. On 9 April 1908, when about to leave Hampstead for the country, Maurice committed suicide by inhaling chloroform; his twin brother survives him.
[M. H. Spielmann in Mag. of Art, Jan. 1900 (portrait); A. Graves, Royal Acad. Exhibitors; Cat. of Royal Soc. of Painter Etchers, 1905; The Times, 14 April 1908; art. by C. Dodgson in Die Graphischen Künste, Vienna, 1910, xxxiii. 16, with complete catalogue of the etchings; private information.]
C. D.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Wydow, Robert

​WYDOW, ROBERT (d. 1505), poet and musician, was born at Thaxted, Essex. His stepfather, a schoolmaster, educated him and sent him to Oxford. He is the first recorded holder of the degree of Bachelor of Music at Oxford; in 1502 he was incorporated at Cambridge. After his stepfather's death Wydow returned to Thaxted and succeeded him as master of the school, becoming also vicar of Thaxted on 22 Dec. 1481. He resigned the living on 1 Oct. 1489, and seems to have travelled about this time in France and Italy. Besides being probably appointed penitentiary in St. Paul's Cathedral, he was collated rector of Chalfont St. Giles on 19 Nov. 1493. On 27 March 1497 he was made canon in Wells Cathedral; and after the death of Henry Abyngdon on 1 Sept. succeeded him as succentor. On 21 Dec. 1499 he was granted the vicarage of Chew Magna, and in the following year was installed subdean and prebendary of Holcombe Burnell. He was also ‘scrutator domorum,’ librarian, seneschal, and auditor of the chapter-house at Wells. Other preferments granted him were the advowson of Wookey and the perpetual vicarage of Buckland Newton; these may have been in recognition of his appointment as deputy for the transaction of business between the pope and the cathedral of Wells. He died on 4 Oct. 1505, bequeathing considerable property to the Carthusians of Henton; a requiem was ordered to be sung in every Carthusian monastery in England.
Wydow wrote some Latin poems (not known to be extant), including a life of the Black Prince and a book of epigrams. Edward Lee, archbishop of York, who had known Wydow, calls him facile princeps among the poets of his day; and he is also celebrated by Leland and Holinshed. None of his musical compositions are mentioned; but if William Cornysshe [q. v.] came from Wells, as there is some reason to suppose (a Thomas Cornish succeeded Wydow as rector of Chew, Wood, Athenæ, ii. 699), Wydow may have had a considerable influence in preparing the way for the great school of Elizabethan composers.
[Grove's Dict. of Music and Musicians, iv. 817; Leland's Catalogus, p. 484; Abdy Williams's Degrees in Music, pp. 60, 65, 119, 121, 154; Davey's Hist. of English Music, p. 84.]
H. D.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Wyddel, Osborn

​WYDDEL, OSBORN (fl. 1280), founder of various Welsh families. [See Osborn.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Wydeville

​WYDEVILLE or WYDVILLE. [See Woodville.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Wydford, William of

​WYDFORD, WILLIAM of (fl. 1380–1411), opponent of Wycliffe. [See Woodford.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Wyck, John

​WYCK, JOHN (1652–1700), painter, son of Thomas Wyck (1616–1677), a distinguished Dutch painter of interiors, markets, and Italian seaports, was born at Haarlem on 29 Oct. 1652. He was a pupil of his father, and came when young to England, where he settled. He was a clever painter of horses and other animals, and enjoyed a great reputation for his battle and hunting scenes, in which he imitated Wouwermans. Among his best works are representations of the siege of Namur, the siege of Maestricht, the battle of the Boyne, and other military exploits of William III; these and many of his hunting pieces were engraved by Smith, Faber, and Lens. In Kneller's equestrian portrait of the Duke of Schomberg, and also in that of the Duke of Monmouth by Netscher, the horses and landscape were put in by Wyck. He painted many excellent landscapes, including views in Scotland and in Jersey. Wyck's ‘Horrors of War’ is in the Bridgewater Gallery, and his ‘William III at the Siege of Maestricht’ at Knowsley; his ‘Battle of the Boyne’ was until recently at Blenheim. The finely painted head of a greyhound, formerly at Houghton Hall and now at St. Petersburg, was engraved by Earlom for the Houghton Gallery.
Wyck married in England, and the circumstance is perhaps recorded in an entry in the registers of the Dutch church, Austin Friars: ‘13 April 1690. Johannes van Wijck met Catharina van Mengelinckhuijsen.’ He resided chiefly in London and its vicinity, and died at Mortlake, where he was buried on 26 Oct. 1700. His portrait, painted by Kneller in 1685, was engraved by J. Faber in 1730, and by T. Chambers for the first edition of Walpole's ‘Anecdotes.’
[Nagler's Künstler-Lexicon; Walpole's Anecdotes of Painting; Redgrave's Dict. of Artists; Moens's Registers of the Dutch Church, Austin Friars, 1884; Mortlake Parish Register.]
F. M. O'D.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Wycumbe, William

​WYCUMBE, WILLIAM (fl. 1160), biographer. [See William.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Wyeth, Joseph

​WYETH, JOSEPH (1663–1731), quaker writer, son of Henry and Sarah Wyeth, was born on 19 Sept. 1663 in the parish of St. Saviour, Southwark. He became a successful merchant of London, and was the author of several controversial works. The chief is ‘Anguis Flagellatus: or a Switch for the ​Snake. Being an answer to the Third and Last Edition of the Snake in the Grass’ (by Charles Leslie [q. v.]), London, 1699, 8vo. To this a supplement was added by George Whitehead [q. v.], to whose ‘Antidote against the Venom of the Snake in the Grass’ Wyeth had also written what he calls ‘An Appendix’ or sequel (though published separately) entitled ‘Primitive Christianity continued in the Faith and Practice of the People called Quakers,’ London, 1698, 8vo. Of all the attacks upon early quakerism, Leslie's ‘Snake in the Grass’ was the most reasoned, and it provoked the greatest number of replies. The ‘Switch’ was answered by Richard Mather [q. v.], ‘Primitive Christianity’ by Francis Bugg [q. v.], neither of them being an opponent of much weight. Wyeth also contributed ‘An Answer to a Letter from Dr. Bray,’ London, 1700, 4to, and ‘Remarks on Dr. Bray's Memorial,’ London, 1701, to the opposition organised by the quakers against the establishment of a state church in Maryland, which Thomas Bray [q. v.], commissary-general, succeeded in carrying through the English parliament in 1701.
He was for twenty years a friend of Thomas Ellwood [q. v.], whose ‘Life’ he prepared for the press, adding a supplement, preface, and bibliography to the first edition, 1714, 8vo. For the preparation of this he passed in review many letters and documents which had formerly belonged to Milton; the most important of them were afterwards published by John Nickolls [q. v.], who had at one time been apprenticed to Wyeth.
He also published ‘The Athenian Society unvail'd, or their Ignorance and Envious Abusing of the Quakers detected and reprehended,’ London, 1692, fol., and ‘A Vindication of W. P. [William Penn] from the Erronious and False Testimony of Thomas Budd. Being an Answer to a sheet of his entitled “A Testimony for Truth against Error,”’ London, 1697, 8vo.
Wyeth died of fever on 9 Jan. 1730–1, and was buried at the Park, Worcester Street, Southwark, on the 15th. His wife Margaret died at Tottenham, aged 76, on 13 Sept. 1749, and was buried with her husband.
C. F. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Wyke, Charles Lennox

1904 Errata appended.
​WYKE, Sir CHARLES LENNOX (1815–1897), diplomatist, born on 2 Sept. 1815, was the son of George Wyke, of Robbleston, Pembrokeshire, captain in the grenadier guards, by his wife Charlotte, daughter of F. Meyrick. He was a lieutenant in the royal fusiliers, and afterwards a captain on the king of Hanover's staff. In 1847 he was appointed vice-consul at Port-au-Prince, and in 1852 consul-general in Central America. On 31 Oct. 1854 he was appointed chargé d'affaires, and on 8 Aug. 1859 he was nominated envoy extraordinary. In the same year he was gazetted C.B., and on 23 Jan. 1860 was removed to Mexico as minister plenipotentiary to the republic, and created K.C.B. on 22 May. On 30 June 1861 Juarez was elected president of the Mexican republic with dictatorial powers, and on 17 July the congress suspended payment of public bonds for two years. In consequence France and England broke off diplomatic relations with the republic on 27 July, and Wyke left the city of Mexico in December with all his staff, but remained in Mexico to carry on the negotiations connected with the joint intervention of England, France, and Spain. When the design of France, however, to subvert the Mexican government became apparent, England and Spain withdrew from the alliance, and Wyke returned home. On 19 Jan. 1866 he was accredited to Hanover, but in September his mission was cut short by the Austro-Prussian war and the annexation of Hanover by Prussia. In the following year he was appointed (on 16 Dec.) minister at Copenhagen, where he remained for fourteen years. In August 1879 he was created G.C.M.G., and on 22 June 1881 he was transferred to Portugal, where he remained till the close of his diplomatic career. He retired on a pension on 21 Feb. 1884, and was nominated a privy councillor on 6 Feb. 1886. Wyke died unmarried on 4 Oct. 1897 at his residence, 23 Cheyne Walk, Chelsea.
E. I. C.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.286 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 225 | ii | 10 | Wyke, Sir Charles L.: for 1859 read 1860 |