OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The New International Encyclopædia/Deussen, Paul

Edition of 1905. See also Paul Deussen on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
DEUSSEN, dois'sen, Paul (1845—). A German philosopher and Sanskrit scholar, born in Oberdreis. He studied at the universities of Bonn, Tübingen, and Berlin, and in 1889 was appointed professor of philosophy at Kiel. His philosophy combines the systems of Kant, Schopenhauer, and the Indian sages. His works include: Commentatio de Platonis Sophistæ, Compositione et Doctrina (Bonn, 1869); Das System des Vedanta (ib., 1883); and Der kategorische Imperativ (Kiel, 1891).
# The Perfumed Garden/Chapter 14

CHAPTER XIV
DESCRIPTION OF THE UTERUS OF STERILE WOMEN AND TREATMENT OF THE SAME
Know, O Vizir (God be good to you!), that wise physicians have plunged into this sea of difficulties to very little purpose. Each one has looked at the matter with his own point of view, and in the end the question has been left in the dark.
Amongst the causes which determine the sterility of women may be taken the obstruction in the uterus by clots of blood, the accumulation of water, the want of or defective sperm of the man, organic malformation of in women that are very corpulent, so that their uterus stagnation of the courses and the corruption of the menstrual fluid, and the habitual presence of wind in the uterus. Other savants attribute the sterility of women to the action of spirits and spells. Sterility is common in women that are very corpulent, so that their uteurs gets compressed and cannot conceive, not being able to take up the sperm, especially if the husband's member is short and his testicles are very fat; in such a case the act of copulation can only be imperfectly completed.
One of the remedies against sterility consists of the marrow from the hump of a camel, which the woman ​spreads on a piece of linen, and rubs her sexual parts with it, after having been purified subsequently to her courses. To complete the cure, she takes some fruits of the plant called jackal's grapes, squeezes the juice out of them into a vase, and then adds a little vinegar; of this medicine she drinks fasting for seven days, during which time her husband will take care to have copulation with her.
The woman may besides pound a small quantity of sesame-grain and mix its juice with a bean's weight of sandarach powder; of this mixture she drinks during three days after her periods; she is then fit to receive her husband's embraces.
The first of these beverages is to be taken separately, and in the first instance; after this the second, which will have a salutary effect, if so it pleases the Almighty God!
There is still another remedy. A mixture is made of nitre, gall from a sheep or a cow, a small quantity of the plant named el meusk, and of the grains of that plant. The woman saturates a plug of soft wool with this mixture, and rubs her vulva with it after menstruation; she then receives the caresses of her husband, and, with the will of God the Highest, will become pregnant.
* ↑ There is reason to believe that the author is speaking here of so-called "whites," which occasions protuberances in the genital organs of women.
* ↑ The jackal's-grape, also called foxgrape and meuknina, is simply the black nightshade (solanum nigrum). This name has been translated erroneously bear's-grape (uva ursi), which is nothing but the arbute tree, which furnishes an anodyne.
* ↑ Note in the autograph edition.—Sandarach, zemikh el ahmeur, red arsenic. Dictionary of Kazimirski.
* ↑ The word meusk used by the author designates a plant, and signifies also musk. The plant is no doubt the tuberose, called in Arabic meusk el roumi, the musk of the Christian.
# The Perfumed Garden/Chapter 20

CHAPTER XX
INSTRUCTIONS WITH REGARD TO PREGNANCY AND HOW THE GENDER OF THE CHILD THAT IS TO BE BORN MAY BE KNOWN—THAT IS TO SAY, KNOWLEDGE OF THE SEX OF THE FOETUS.
Know, O Vizir (God be good to you!), that the certain indications of pregnancy are the following: the dryness of the vulva immediately after the coitus, the inclination to stretch herself, accesses of somnolency, heavy and profound sleep, the frequent contraction of the opening of the vulva to such an extent that not even a meroud could penetrate, the nipples of the breast become darker, and lastly, the most certain of all the marks is the cessation of the menstruation.
If the woman remains always in good health from the time that her pregnancy is certain, if she preserves the good looks of her face and a clear complexion, if she does not become freckled, then it may be taken as a sign that the child will be a boy.
The red colour off the nipples also point to a child of the male sex. The strong development of the breasts, and bleeding from the nose, if fit comes from the right nostril, are signs of the same purport.
The signs pointing to the conception of a child of the female sex are numerous. I will name them here: frequent indisposition during pregnancy, pale complexion ​spots and freckles, pains in the matrix, frequent nightmares, blackness of the nipples, a heavy feeling on the left side, nasal hemorrhage on the same side.
If there is any doubt about the pregnancy, let the woman drink, on going to bed, honey-water, and if she has a feeling of heaviness in the abdomen, it is a proof that she is with child. If the right side feels heavier than the left one, it will be a boy. If the breasts are swelling with milk, this is similarly a sign that the child she is bearing will be of the male sex.
I have received this information from savants, and all the indications are positive and tested.
# The Perfumed Garden/Chapter 3

CHAPTER III
ABOUT MEN WHO ARE TO BE HELD IN CONTEMPT
Know, O my brother (to whom God be merciful), that a man who is misshapen, of coarse appearance, and whose member is short, thin and flabby, is contemptible in the eyes of women.
When such a man has a bout with a woman, he does not do her business with the vigour and in a manner to give her enjoyment. He lays himself down upon her without previous toying, he does not kiss her, nor twine himself round her, he does not bite her, nor suck her lips, nor tickle her.
He gets upon her before she has begun longing for pleasure, and then he introduces with infinite trouble a member soft and nerveless. Scarcely has he commenced when he is already done for; he makes one or two movements, and then sinks upon the woman's breast to spend his sperm, and that is the most he can do. This done he withdraws his affair, and makes all haste to get down again from her.
Such a man—as was said by a writer—is quick in ejaculation and slow as to erection; after the trembling, which follows the ejaculation of the seed, his chest is heavy and his sides ache.
Qualities like those are no recommendations with women. Despicable also is the man who is false to his words; who does not fulfil the promise he has made; who ​never speaks without telling lies, and who conceals from his wife all his doings, except the adulterous exploits which he commits.
Women cannot esteem such men, as they cannot procure them any enjoyment.
It is said that a man of the name of Abbes, whose member was extremely small and slight, had a very corpulent wife, whom he could not contrive to satisfy in coition, so that she soon began to complain to her female friends about it.
This woman possessed a considerable fortune, whilst Abbes was very poor; and when he wanted anything, she was sure not to let him have what he wanted.
One day he went to see a wise man, and submitted his case to him.
The sage told him: "If you had a fine member you might dispose of her fortune. Do you not know that women's religion is in their vulva's? But I will prescribe you a remedy which will do away with your troubles."
Abbes lost no time to make up the remedy according to the recipe of the wise man, and after he had used it his member grew to be long and thick. When his wife saw it in that state she was surprised, but it came still better when he made her feel in the matter of enjoyment quite another thing than she had been accustomed to experience; he began in fact to work her with his tool in a quite remarkable manner to such point that she rattled and sighed and sobbed and cried out during the operation.
As soon as the wife found in her husband such eminently good qualities she gave him her fortune, and placed her person and all she had at his disposal.
# The Perfumed Garden/Chapter 16

CHAPTER XVI
CONCERNING THE CAUSES OF IMPOTENCE IN MEN
Know, O Vizir (God be good to you!) that there are men whose sperm is vitiated by the inborn coldness of their nature, by diseases of their organs, by purulent discharges, and by fevers. There are also men with the urinary canal in their verge deviating owing to a downward curve; the result of such conformation is that the seminal liquid cannot be ejected in a straight direction, but falls downward.
Other men have the member too short and too small to reach the neck of the matrix, or their bladder is ulcerated or they are affected by other infirmities, which prevent them from coition.
Finally, there are men who arrive quicker at the crisis than the women, in consequence of which the two emissions are not simultaneous; there is in such cases no conception.
All these circumstances serve to explain the absence of conception in women; but the principal cause of all is the shortness of the virile member.
Men whose impotence is due either to the corruption of their sperm owing to their cold nature, or to maladies of the organs, or to discharges or fevers and similar ills, or to their excessive promptness in ejaculation, can be cured. They should eat stimulant pastry containing honey, ginger, pyrether, syrup of vinegar, hellebore, garlic, cinnamon, nutmeg, cardamoms, sparrows' tongues, Chinese cinnamon, long pepper, and other spices. He will be cured by using them.
As to the other afflictions which we have indicated—the curvature of the urethra, the small dimensions of the virile member, ulcers on the bladder, and the other infirmities which are adverse to coition—God only can cure them.
* ↑ Note in the autograph edition.—The word seulss signifies more particularly the emission of the urine or diabetes; but in the present case it seems to be applied to genital-urinary maladies in general.
* ↑ This abnormity is called hyposadias. Where, on the contrary, the opening of the urethra is turned upwards it bears the name of epispadias.
* ↑ Cardamom, already mentioned, is a very aromatic medicinal seed which comes from Italy, and is used in the preparation of theriac. It is the fruit of several kinds of the amomum tree, and especially of the amomum cardamomum.
* ↑ Sparrow's tongue, stallena panerina, sparrow-wort. Observations in the autograph edition.—We are not of that opinion. The sparrow's tongue, as above, seems to be nothing else than the seed of the ash tree. (See the dictionaries of Kazimirski and Beaussier, and the book on medicines of Abd er Rezeug.)
# The Perfumed Garden/Chapter 19

CHAPTER XIX
OF THINGS THAT TAKE AWAY THE BAD SMELL FROM THE ARMPITS AND SEXUAL PARTS OF WOMEN AND CONTRACT THE LATTER
Know, O Vizir (God be good to you!), that bad exhalations from the vulva and of the armpits are, as also a wide vagina, the greatest of evils.
If a woman wants this bad odour to disappear she must pound red myrrh, then sift it, and knead this powder with myrtle-water, and rub her sexual parts with this wash. All disagreeable emanation will disappear from her vulva.
Another remedy is obtained by pounding lavender, and kneading it afterwards with musk-rose-water. Saturate a piece of wollen-stuff with it, and rub the vulva with the same until it is hot. The bad smell will be removed by this.
If a woman intends to contract her vagina, she has only to dissolve alum in water, and wash her sexual parts with the solution, which may be made still more efficacious by the addition of a little bark of the walnut-tree, the latter substance being very astringent.
Another remedy to be mentioned is the following, which is well known for its efficacy: Boil well in water carobs (locusts), freed from their kernels, and bark of ​the pomegrante tree. The woman takes a sitz bath in the decoction thus obtained, and which must be as hot as she can bear it; when the bath gets cold, it must be warmed and used again, and this immersion is to be repeated several times. The same result may be obtained by fumigating the vulva with cow-dung.
To do away with the bad smell of the armpits, one takes antimony and mastic, which are to be pounded together, and to be put with water into an earthen vase. The mixture is then rubbed against the sides of the vase until it turns red; when it is ready for use rub it into the armpits, and the bad smell will be removed. It must be used repeatedly until a radical cure is effected.
The same result may be arrived at by pounding together antimony (hadida) and mastic, setting the mixture afterwards into a stove over a low fire, until it is of the consistency of bread, and rubbing the residue with a stone until the pellicle, which will have formed, is removed. Then rub it into the armpits, and you may be sure that the bad smell will soon be gone.
* ↑ The author designates here, under the name of ass, the myrtus communis of Linuaeus; the more usual name is reund, which serves also to designate the laurel tree.
* ↑ The çarob is the fruit of the locust-tree, a well-known tree, the flowers of which emit a penetrating odour like that of the virile sperm. The fruit is considered to have aperient and pectoral properties, and the leaves are astringent.
* ↑ Note in the autograph edition.— The texts, which were consulted, name the substance in question hadida, by which name goes the oxide of copper of commeric, which, exposed to the action of fire, pulverised, and mixed with gall-nut, is used for dyeing the hair black.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Hely-Hutchinson, Hon. Sir Walter Francis

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​He′ly-Hu′tchinson, Hon. Sir Walter Francis, G. C. M. G., military secretary to Lord Milner and governor and commander-in-chief of Cape Colony since 1891, was born in Dublin, Ireland, Aug. 22, 1849, the second son of the fourth Earl of Donoughmore. He was educated at Harrow and at Trinity College, Cambridge. His colonial service has been long, varied and distinguished. In 1893 he inaugurated responsible government in Natal, being governor of Natal and Zululand from 1893 to 1901. During his term he carried out the annexation of the Trans-Pongola territories, now a part of Zululand, and was special commissioner for Amatongaland.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Hemlock (plant)

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​Hem′lock, a family of plants having small white flowers and a flattened, oval fruit. The best known and most important species is the common or spotted hemlock, growing by the wayside and on heaps of rubbish in all parts of Europe and Asia and now naturalized in America. It has a small root, resembling a parsnip, a bright green, hollow stem, two to five feet high and generally spotted with purple. The leaves are large, of a dark shiny green. The chief ingredient of the hemlock is an alkaline poison, causing weakness and staggering gait and finally paralysis and death. The leaves and fruit are used as a medicine, obtained by distilling or by drying and crushing to powder. Among the Greeks death by hemlock poisoning was the punishment usually meted out to criminals, and so Socrates died.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Herbert, George

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​Her'bert, George, an English poet, born on April 3, 1593, in Wales. Of an extremely modest disposition, he was most beloved by all who knew him for his good and almost saintly life. He was called Holy George Herbert. His Country Parson and The Temple are perhaps the best known and most beautiful of his works. Such lines as "Sweet day, so calm, so cool, so bright, the bridal of the earth and sky" were not born to die. He died near Salisbury in 1633. See Life by Izaak Walton.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Helvetii

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​Helvetii (hel-vē′shĭ-ī), a people of Celtic origin, so says Caesar, who inhabited what is now western Switzerland. The chief event in their history was their attempt to migrate to southern Gaul, in which they were driven back with frightful slaughter by Caesar in 58 B. C. Of 368,000 who left their homes, only 110,000 returned, and these became subject to Rome. The story is told in Cæsar's lifelike way in his Commentaries.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Helmholtz, Herman Ludwig Ferdinand von

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​Helm′holtz, Herman Ludwig Ferdinand von, the most distinguished physicist of the 19th century, was born at Potsdam, Prussia, August 31, 1821, and died at Charlottenburg, near Berlin, Sept. 8, 1894. He was educated at the Military Medical School at Berlin. Having taken his degree in medicine in 1842, he remained an army-surgeon until 1847, when he published his remarkable paper On the Conservation of Energy. This paper, which, perhaps, more than any other has dominated physical science during half a century, was refused publication by Poggendorff's Annalen, the leading physical journal of the world. It was published by the Physical Society of Berlin, July 23, 1847.
In 1849 he became professor of physiology and pathology at the University of Königsberg. In 1855 he accepted the chair of anatomy and physiology at Bonn and, three years later, the chair of physiology at Heidelberg. It was at the latter place that he prepared those two monumental volumes, The Sensations of Tone (1862) and Physiological Optics (1866). In 1871 he was called to Berlin as professor of physics. This university at once became headquarters for physical investigation, a position which it maintained for a quarter of a century. In 1888 Helmholtz was called to the directorship of the great National Physical laboratory at Charlottenburg, where he remained until his death in 1894. His investigations in hydrodynamics and geometry are of the first rank, and make him almost equally distinguished as physiologist, physicist and mathematician.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Helotism

See also Mutualism (biology) on Wikipedia, helotism on Wiktionary, and the disclaimer.
​He′lotism (in plants). Two different kinds of plants have often learned to live together in such an intimate way, that they are usually found together. For example, a lichen is not a single plant, but it consists of an alga and a fungus living together. This general habit of living together in an intimate relationship is called symbiosis, and that form of it in which one plant is thought to enslave the other, that is to maintain it so that the former may live upon its products, is called helotism, the reference being to the Greek slaves of ancient times, who were called helots. Some think that the lichen is a case of helotism, the fungus having enslaved the alga. See Symbiosis.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Helots

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​He′lots. See Sparta.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Hemans, Felicia Dorothea

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​Hem′ans, Felicia Dorothea, an English poet, was born at Liverpool, England, Sept. 25, 1793. Her maiden name was Browne, and she married Captain Hemans in 1812. After the birth of five sons Mrs. Hemans separated from her husband, and from that time (1818) engaged chiefly in literary work. Her poetry is distinguished by grace and felicity of expression, often by great tenderness, especially in her simpler and less ambitious efforts. Her works include Early Blossoms, The Domestic Affections, The Forest Sanctuary, Records of Women, Songs of the Affections etc. Americans know her best for the poem entitled The Landing of the Pilgrims. She died near Dublin, Ireland, May 16, 1835.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Herbert, Victor

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​Herbert, Victor, a grandson of the novelist Samuel Lover, was born in Dublin, Ireland, in 1859, but has lived for the most part abroad and in America since 1886. He is a prominent composer, bandmaster and conductor. He has been chief violincellist in the Court Orchestra at Stuttgart, solo violincellist in the Metropolitan Orchestra of New York, conductor of the New York 22nd Regiment Band and conductor of the Pittsburg Orchestra. He has written a number of comic operas, including Prince Ananias, The Wizard of the Nile, The Serenade, Cyrano de Bergerac and The Idol's Eye; also an oratorio, The Captive.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Herculaneum

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​Herculaneum (hẽr'kū́-lā'nḗ-ŭm), a city of Italy, formerly situated at the base of Mt. Vesuvius, by the eruption of which it was seriously injured in 69 A. D. and totally buried in 73 A. D. It now lies from 40 to 100 feet below the surface. In 1706 some relics were found, but no systematic excavations were undertaken until 1738, when what was supposed to have been the theater was uncovered and many beautiful statues and pictures taken from it. Of late years excavations have been again undertaken, and many art treasures from the entombed city now repose in the National Museum at Naples. The Italian government is now pushing excavation with renewed vigor.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Brunswick, Me.

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​Brunswick, Me., a town in Cumberland County, at the head of navigation on the Androscoggin River and on the Maine Central Railroad, opposite Topsham, and nine miles west of Bath. It possesses good water-power for its many manufactures, which include cotton goods, wood pulp, flour, wooden ware, etc. The town was settled early in the 17th century and incorporated in 1717; in early times it was known as Pejepscot, a local history of the region being published at Boston in 1878. Population, (1910), 6,621.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Buffalo

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Buffalo. Two kinds of cattle—the Asiatic buffalo and the Cape buffalo—properly receive this name. The Asiatic form is a native of India; it has been domesticated and carried into Greece, Italy and Egypt. It is larger and more powerful than an ox. It is fond of water, and will stand for hours with only its head above the surface. The Cape buffalo is found in Central and South Africa. It grazes chiefly at night, and lies in the woods and thickets during the day. It has never been domesticated. It is very fierce and cunning, and often attacks without provocation. Its skin is so tough that it is made into shields by the Kaffirs. The so-called American buffalo is the bison (which see).
A faithful bird-friend it has, the buffalo-bird, which closely attends it, picks parasites from its hide, and gives note of alarm at the approach of danger. The Indian or water-buffalo is of great service, owing to his strength and his ability to labor in wet grounds. It is a very interesting sight to see this huge creature at work in the rice fields, his head always low down, nose thrust far in front. There are still some wild herds to be found of the Indian buffalo, the largest of all wild cattle, a very dangerous animal, able to worst a tiger in combat. The so-called American buffalo is the bison. (See Bison.)