OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Josse, Augustin Louis

​JOSSE, AUGUSTIN LOUIS (1763–1841), catholic priest and grammarian, was born in France in 1763. During the reign ​of terror he narrowly escaped falling a victim to the revolution. Having found refuge in the first instance beyond the Pyrenees, he remained in Spain four years, and there thoroughly mastered both the Spanish and Italian languages. Towards the close of the century he settled in England, living at first in London. There he published a series of elementary works, which helped to spread his repute as a teacher of languages.
In 1813 Josse was appointed professor of French literature to Princess Charlotte of Wales. Among his other pupils were the Duke of Wellington, Luttrell the wit, and John Kemble the tragedian. In February 1828 Bishop Poynter induced Josse to take charge of the catholic mission at Gloucester. There the last twelve years of his life were tranquilly passed in the presbytery attached to the church of St. Peter's Chains in the London Road. He died, aged 78, on 28 Jan. 1841, and was buried in the cemetery of St. John the Baptist. A life-like portrait in oils upon a panel, by Gauci, is in the possession of the present writer.
Josse published:
* ‘Juvenile Biography, or Lives of Celebrated Children,’ 12mo, London, 1801.
* ‘El Tesoro Español, ó Biblioteca Portátil Española,’ 2 vols. 8vo, 1802.
* ‘Grammaire Espagnole raisonnée,’ 8vo, several editions.
* ‘Cours de Thèmes adaptés aux principes fondamentaux de langue Espagnole établis par l'Académie de Madrid,’ 12mo, 1804.
Besides these he published a carefully corrected reissue of Solis's ‘Historia de la Conquesta de México,’ 3 vols. 8vo, 1809, and a revised edition of Wanostrocht's ‘Grammar of the French Language,’ 12mo, 1827.
[Personal recollections; a manuscript Diary of the Abbé Josse extending from 1804 to 1825; Dr. Olliver's Collections, &c., pp. 117–19, 337; Gloucester Journal, 6 Feb. 1841.]
C. K.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jowett, Joseph

1904 Errata appended.
​JOWETT, JOSEPH, LL.D. (1752–1813), professor of civil law, was son of Henry Jowett of Leeds. He was educated at a school in that town, and admitted as a sizar at Trinity College, Cambridge, 24 June 1769, being then seventeen. He matriculated on 8 July 1769. In January 1773 he migrated to Trinity Hall, at the instance of Dr. Samuel Hallifax [q. v.], then regius professor of civil law, who offered him the post of assistant-tutor, with the prospect of a fellowship, and the reversion of the tutorship on the first vacancy. Jowett proceeded LL.B. in 1775, and LL.D. in 1780. In the former year he was elected fellow of Trinity Hall and principal tutor. In 1782 he was appointed regius professor of civil law, probably through the influence of Dr. Hallifax, who had been made bishop of Gloucester. He delivered lectures each term, and discharged all the duties of his office with ability and assiduity. His lectures are said to have been popular, and his comparison of the Roman and English law is specially commended. Jowett was principal tutor of Trinity Hall from 1775 to 1795, when he accepted the vicarage of Wethersfield in Essex, where he resided during the long vacations. He held strict evangelical opinions, which were unpopular in the university; but his sincerity and his high moral character gained for him general respect and much influence. His most intimate friend was Dr. Milner, president of Queens', with whom he never failed to pass two evenings alone each week. To Dr. Milner's influence may be ascribed the part he took in the refusal of Trinity Hall to elect Mr. (afterwards Archdeacon) Wrangham to a fellowship. Trinity Hall was in those days described as ‘a fief of Queens'.’ Wrangham is believed to have written the epigram on the garden which Jowett laid out in the angle between the two divisions of the east front of his college:
A little garden little Jowett made, And fenced it with a little palisade. But when this little garden made a little talk He changed it to a little gravel-walk. If you would know the mind of little Jowett, This little garden don't a little show it.
Jowett died suddenly at Trinity Hall, 13 Nov., and was buried in the college chapel, 18 Nov. 1813.
[Obituary notice by Dr. Milner in the Christian Observer for 1813, pp. 820–4; Milner's Life, pp. 581–9; Simeon's Life, p. 375; Cambridge Chronicle, 19 Nov. 1813; Cambridge Calendar; Gunning's Reminiscences, ed. 1855, ii. 12–34; Admission Books of Trinity College; Archit. History of the Univ. and Colleges of Cambr. ed. Willis and Clark, i. 228.]
J. W. C.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.170 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
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# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Burton, James

​BURTON, JAMES. [See Haliburton, James.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Burton, James Daniel

​BURTON, JAMES DANIEL (1784–1817), Wesleyan minister, was the son of Daniel Burton, of Rhodes, near Manchester, and was born at Manchester 25 July 1791. He received a good education, but one not purposely intended to fit him for the office of minister. At the age of sixteen he was in the habit of attending the theatre at Manchester, but was soon turned from 'the snares connected with that place of gay resort and destructive pastime,' and, as the result of his 'effectual awakening,' prepared himself for the Wesleyan ministry, and devoted a considerable portion of his time among the poor in the neighbourhood of Middleton. He became a methodist itinerant preacher at the age of twenty-one. In the tenth year of his ministry his health failed, and he died, 24 March 1817, in his thirty-third year. In 1814 he published, at Bury, in Lancashire, 'A Guide for Youth, recommending to their serious consideration Vital Piety, as the only rational way to Present Happiness and Future Glory,' 12mo.
C. W. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Burton, Simon

​BURTON, SIMON, M.D. (1690?–1744), physician, was born in Warwickshire about 1690, being the eldest son of Humphrey Burton, of Caresly, near Coventry. His mother was Judith, daughter of the Rev. Abraham Bohun, He was educated at Rugby, and at New College, Oxford, where he proceeded B.A. 29 Nov. 1710; M.A. 26 May 1714; M.B. 20 April 1716; and M.D. 21 July 1720. After practising for some years at Warwick, he removed to London, where he established himself in Savile Row, and obtained a large practice. He was admitted, 12 April 1731, a candidate of the Royal College of Physicians, of which he became a fellow on 3 April 1732. On 19 Oct, in the following year Burton was appointed physician to St. George's Hospital, and subsequently royal physician in ordinary (General Advertiser, 13 June 1744). He was one of the physicians who attended Pope in his last illness, and had a dispute upon that occasion with Dr. Thompson, a well-known quack, to which reference is made in a satire entitled 'One Thousand Seven Hundred and Forty-Four, a Poem, by a Great Poet lately deceased.' Burton survived Pope somewhat less than a fortnight, and died, after a few days' illness, 11 June 1744, at his house in Savile Row.
A. H. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Garvey, John

​GARVEY, JOHN, D.D. (1527–1595), archbishop of Armagh, eldest son of John O'Garvey of Morisk, co. Mayo, was born in the county of Kilkenny in 1527. He was educated at Oxford, where he graduated in the reign of Edward VI; but through some negligence his name does not appear in the public register of the time (Wood, Athenæ Oxonienses, ed. Bliss, ii. 838). His first ecclesiastical preferment was the deanery of Ferns, to which he was appointed by letters patent in 1558; in the following year, 13 July, he became archdeacon of Meath and rector of Kells, when he probably resigned the deanery, and in 1560 he was instituted to the prebend of Tipperkevin in St. Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin. On 27 Jan. 1561 he received ‘letters of denization’ from the crown (Rot. Pat.). He must have been in great favour with the higher powers, for, with liberty to retain at least two of his preferments, he was made dean of Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin, in 1565, and likewise a member of the Irish privy council. He was even designed for the archbishopric of Armagh in 1584, when it was conferred on John Long, D.D., as appears from a letter addressed by the lords justices of Ireland to Secretary Walsyngham, dated 14 May 1584 (Calendar of State Papers, Ireland, 1574–85, p. 512). In April of the following year he was promoted to the bishopric of Kilmore, on the recommendation of Sir John Perrot, lord deputy of the kingdom, and was allowed to hold in commendam his deanery and archdeaconry. From Kilmore he was translated in May 1589 to the archbishopric of Armagh, still retaining his minor preferments; and as a special mark of favour Queen Elizabeth, by mandate from Westminster, dated 12 July 1591, remitted the payment of his first fruits, amounting to 137l. 13s. 1d., ‘on account of his great hospitality, and also for his painful and true service to the queen of a long time continued, being her ancientest counsellor in that kingdom’ (Rot. Canc.). In 1591, in answer to a circular appeal from Sir William Fitzwilliam, lord deputy, and council, he gave in concordatum 76l. towards building the college of Dublin. He had married Rose, widowed daughter of Thomas Ussher, and dying in Dublin 2 March 1595, he was buried in Christ Church, his successor in the archbishopric being his brother-in-law, Henry Ussher, D.D., archdeacon of Dublin.
Garvey is not included in Sir James Ware's ‘History of the Writers of Ireland;’ but on Wood's authority a small treatise is ascribed to him, entitled ‘The Conversion of Philip Corwine, a Franciscan Friar, to the Reformation of the Protestant Religion, an. 1589,’ ​which was published by Robert Ware in his ‘Foxes and Firebrands,’ Dublin, 1681, from the original found among Archbishop (James) Ussher's manuscripts. Philip ‘Corwine’ was nephew to Hugh Curwen, archbishop of Dublin [q. v.]
B. H. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Gascar, Henri

​GASCAR, HENRI (1635–1701), portrait-painter, born at Paris in 1635, came to England about 1674 in the train or at the invitation of Louise de Keroualle, duchess of Portsmouth. Gascar (or Gascard, as he seems to have spelt his name at first) was already known as a skilful portrait-painter; among the portraits already painted by him was that of N. de Lafond, known as ‘le gazetier Hollandais,’ painted in 1667, and engraved by P. Lombart. The patronage of the Duchess of Portsmouth insured Gascar a rapid success in England. He exceeded Lely in the simpering affectation shown by his portraits of the ladies of Charles II's court, and in the lavishness with which he concealed his artistic deficiencies by sumptuous draperies and tawdry adornments. For a short time he became the fashion, and he is said to have amassed a fortune of over 10,000l. Some time before 1680 he was shrewd enough to see that his success was merely due to a fashionable craze, and he retired to Paris before this had entirely ceased. Among the portraits painted by him during this time in England were Charles II (engraved by Vanderbank), Louise, duchess of Portsmouth (twice; once engraved by Baudet), Barbara, duchess of Cleveland, and her daughter, Barbara Fitzroy, Charles Lennox, duke of Richmond, Frances Stuart, duchess of Richmond, George Fitzroy, duke of Northumberland, Nell Gwyn, Sophia Bulkeley (engraved by Dunkarton), Edmund Verney, and Philip Herbert, earl of Pembroke. It is stated that the last-named portrait was done by stealth for Louise, duchess of Portsmouth. A portrait by Gascar of James II as duke of York was in that king's collection (see Bathoe's catalogue). At Strawberry Hill there was a picture by Gascar apparently emblematic of the Restoration (see sale catalogue, twenty-second day, No. 95). On his return to Paris Gascar was elected a member of the academy there on 26 Oct. 1680. He subsequently went to Rome, where he enjoyed a high reputation, and died there 1 Jan. 1701, aged 66. About 1698 he painted a portrait of Joseph Ferdinand, the young son of Maximilian II, which was engraved at Munich by Zimmermann. A number of mezzotint engravings done from portraits by Gascar, but bearing no engraver's name, have been attributed to Gascar himself. There is no evidence that he really engraved them, but the inscriptions indicate the work of a foreigner. They are interesting as being among the earliest specimens of mezzotint engraving done in England.
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Garth, John

​GARTH, JOHN (fl. 1757), musical composer, of Durham, began his great work, the adaptation of the ‘First Fifty Psalms of ​Marcello’ to the English version, in 1757. It was dedicated to the Bishop (Trevor) of Durham, and completed in eight volumes in the course of as many years. Garth's Op. 2, six sonatas for the harpsichord, pianoforte, or organ, with accompaniments for two violins and violoncello, became very popular. He also composed (Op. 3) six voluntaries for the organ, &c., six concertos for violoncello, six sonatas (Op. 7), thirty collects (1794), and instructions for the harpsichord.
[Calcott's MS. Dict.; Brown's Dict. of Musicians.]
L. M. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Garvey, Edmund

​GARVEY, EDMUND (d. 1813), painter and royal academician, was probably of Irish parentage, as he first appears as an exhibitor at the Dublin exhibitions. He seems to have visited Italy, on his return from which he took up his residence at Bath. In 1767 he exhibited some views in Italy and Switzerland at the Free Society of Artists, and in 1768 a view of Piercefield in Monmouthshire. His works were nearly always either foreign scenery or views of gentlemen's seats, and were hard and dry in manner, though sometimes not unskilful in their imitation of nature, rather in the manner of R. Wilson, R.A. He first exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1769, and in 1770 was elected one of the first associates of that body. In 1771 he gained for a landscape a premium of ten guineas from the Society of Arts. He subsequently removed to London, and continued to exhibit at the Royal Academy up to 1808. In 1783 he was elected an academician, beating Joseph Wright of Derby [q. v.] He died in 1813. A collection of his pictures was sold by auction in 1816.
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Garside, Charles Brierley

​GARSIDE, CHARLES BRIERLEY (1818–1876), catholic divine, born 6 April 1818 at Manchester, was only son of Joseph Garside, surgeon and a distinguished ornithologist, by Mary Ann, daughter of Thomas Pearson. From the grammar school of his native city, where he obtained an exhibition in 1837, he was sent to Brasenose College, Oxford, in 1838. There he gained one of the Somerset scholarships, carried off the college prize for Latin and English essays in 1840, and became in the same year Hulme divinity exhibitioner. He graduated B.A. 28 May 1841, taking a third class in literis humanioribus, and commenced M.A. ​27 June 1844. Having been ordained in 1842 by the Bishop of Gloucester, he became curate, first at Tetbury, Gloucestershire, next at Christ Church, Albany Street, Regent's Park, London, and afterwards, in 1847, at Margaret Street Chapel, Marylebone. At the time of the Gorham case he lost faith in the established church of England. He was received into the Roman catholic church, at St. Leonard's-on-Sea, 15 Aug. 1850, and was ordained priest at Rome by Cardinal Patrizi, 23 Dec. 1854, having in the previous month of May graduated as Baccalaureus in Theologiâ in the Collegio Romano. He was appointed domestic chaplain to Bertram, the last catholic Earl of Shrewsbury, in April 1855, assistant priest at St. Mary's, Chelsea, in 1857, and at St. Aloysius's, Somers Town, in May 1861. He died at Posilippo, near Naples, on 21 May 1876.
His works are: 1. ‘The Impiety of Bartering Faith for Opinion,’ London, 1850, 8vo. This pamphlet on the Gorham case was written before the author left the church of England. 2. ‘Discourses on some Parables of the New Testament,’ London [1869], 8vo. 3. ‘The Preaching of the Cross. A brief discourse … introductory to the singing of sacred music illustrative of the Passion of Christ,’ London, 1869, 8vo. 4. ‘The Prophet of Carmel: a series of practical considerations on the History of Elias in the Old Testament, with a supplementary dissertation,’ London [1873], 8vo, dedicated to Dr. (now Cardinal) Newman. 5. ‘The Helpers of the Holy Souls, who and what they are; with some account of the Life of their Foundress, Mother Mary of Providence,’ London, 1874, 8vo. 6. ‘Blessed Margaret Mary Alacocque; a brief account of her Life. To which are added, a selection from her sayings, and the decree of her beatification,’ London, 1874, 32mo. 7. ‘The Sacrifice of the Eucharist, and other Doctrines of the Catholic Church, explained and vindicated,’ London, 1875, 8vo.
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Garter, Bernard

1904 Errata appended.
​GARTER, BERNARD (fl. 1570), poet, who describes himself on his title-pages as citizen of London, was, according to Hunter, second son of Sir William Garter of London, and father of a Bernard Garter of Brigstocke, Northamptonshire. But in the ‘Visitation of London,’ 1633–5 (Harl. Soc. i.), ‘Barnerd Garter of Brikstocke,’ Northamptonshire, is described as the son of Thomas Garter, the husband of Elizabeth Catelyne, and the father of George Garter, who was living in 1634. Garter wrote: 1. ‘The tragicall and true historie which happened betweene two English lovers, 1563. Written by Ber. Gar., 1565. In ædibus Richardi Totelli,’ an imitation in ballad metre of Arthur Broke's ‘Romeus and Juliet,’ 1561. A copy of this very rare book is in the library of Christie Miller at Britwell (cf. P. A. Daniel's reprint of Brooke's Romeus, New Shakspere Soc. xxxiii.). 2. ‘A New Yeares Gifte, dedicated to the Popes Holinesse and all Catholikes addicted to the Sea of Rome: prepared the first day of Januarie [1579] by B. G., Citizen of London,’ London, by Henry Bynneman, 1579. This work, wrongly ascribed by Ritson to Barnabe Googe [q. v.], contains, besides verses against the catholics, a reprint of a letter sent in 1537 by Tunstall, bishop of Durham, and Stokesley, bishop of London, to Cardinal Pole, maintaining the royal supremacy; lives of Alexander II and Gregory VII; an account of the frauds of Elizabeth Barton, Maid of Kent [q. v.]; and ‘invectives against the pope.’ ‘A new yeres geyfte made by barnarde Garter’ was licensed for printing to Alexander Lacy in 1565, but no copy of so early a date has been met with.
A tract entitled ‘The joyfull receavinge of the Quenes matie into Norwiche’ (licensed 30 Aug. 1578) includes a masque by Garter and Henry Goldingham, which is printed in Nichols's ‘Progresses,’ ii. 67. ‘Pasquin in a Trance. A Christian and learned dialogue contayning wonderfull and most strange newes out of Heaven, Purgatorie, and Hell,’ 4to, London, by Seres, n.d. (licensed 1565), has some prefatory verses to the reader signed ‘Ber. Gar.;’ it is a translation from the Italian of Celius Secundus Curio, and Mr. Collier is inclined to credit Garter with the whole. ‘Among Coxeter's papers,’ writes Warton, ‘is mentioned the ballet of Helen's epistle to Paris from “Ovid,” in 1570, by B. G.’ This piece Warton also doubtfully claims for Garter. The ‘B. G.’ who wrote ‘Ludus Scacchiæ: Chesse-playe, a game pleasant, wittie, and politicall,’ London, 1597, is further identified with Garter by Hunter.
S. L. L.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.133 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
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# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lathy, Thomas Pike

​LATHY, THOMAS PIKE (fl. 1820), novelist, was born in Exeter in 1771. Though bred to trade he devoted himself from 1800 to 1821 to literary production. He appears to have been in America in 1800, when his 'Reparation, or the School for Libertines, a dramatic piece, as performed at the Boston Theatre with great applause,' was published at Boston 'for the benefit of the author.' The only other work of Lathy's in the British Museum Library is his 'Memoirs of the Court of Louis XIV, in three volumes, with splendid embellishments,' London, 1819, 8vo, a compilation of some merit, based upon contemporary memoirs and letters, and dedicated to the prince regent. 'The Rising Sun,' 1807, and 'The Setting Sun,' 1809, two novels by Eaton Stannard Barrett [q. v.], issued without the author's name, have been wrongly attributed to Lathy by Watt. He is also credited by the same authority with six other novels: 'Paraclete,' 1805, 5 vols.; 'Usurpation,' 1805, 3 vols.; 'The Invisible Enemy,' 1806, 4 vols.; 'Gabriel Forrester,' 1807, 4 vols.; 'The Misled General,' 1807, anon.; 'Love, Hatred, and Revenge,' 1809, 3 vols.
In 1819 Lathy perpetrated a successful plagiaristic fraud. At the time a kind of mania was prevalent among book-buyers for angling literature. Lathy accordingly called upon Gosden, the well-known bookbinder and publisher, with what he alleged to be an original poem on angling. 'Gosden purchased the manuscript for 30l., and had it published as "The Angler, a poem in ten cantos, with notes, etc., by Piscator" [T. P. Lathy, esq.], with a whole-length portrait of himself, armed with a flashing-rod and landing-net, leaning sentimentally against a votive altar dedicated to the manes of Walton and Cotton.' After a number of copies were printed on royal paper, and one on vellum at a cost of 10l., it was discovered that the poem was copied almost in toto form 'The Anglers. Eight Dialogues in verse,' London, 1758, 12mo (reprinted in Ruddiman's 'Scarce, Curious, and Valuable Pieces,' Edinburgh, 1773), by 'Dr. Thomas Scott of Ipswich' [q. v.] The fraud was pointed out by Scott's great-nephew, the possessor of the original manuscript in autograph, in the 'Gentleman's Magazine' (1819, ii. 407).
[Biog. Dict. of Living Authors, p. 196; Watt's Bibl. Brit. ii. 589; Halkett and Laing's Dict. Anon. Lit. pp. 92, 2217; Notes and Queries, 3rd ser. vii. 17; Brit. Mus. Cat.]
T. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lathbery, John

John Lathbury in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
​LATHBERY, JOHN, D.D. (fl. 1350), Franciscan, was famous as a theologian throughout the later middle ages. Leland states that he was a friar of Reading and doctor of Oxford. According to Bale he flourished 1406, but this appears to be a mistake. He was certainly at the provincial chapter of Friars Minors at London in 1343, but probably became D.D. after 1350, as his name does not occur in the list of masters of theology at Oxford in 'Monumenta Franciscana,' vol. i.
His best-known work was a 'Commentary on Lamentations' (called also 'Lecturæ Morales'), of which many manuscripts are extant (at Oxford); it was printed at Oxford in 1482, and is one of the earliest books issued by the university press. Other works of his still extant in manuscript are 'Distinctiones Theologiæ' or 'Alphabetum Morale' or 'Loci Communes,' and extracts from a treatise 'De Luxuria Clericorum.'
[Leland's Scriptores; Bale's Scriptores; Tanner's Bibl. Brit.; The Grey Friars in Oxford (Oxf. Hist. Soc.); Merton Coll. MSS. vol. clxxxix.; Bernard's Cat. MSS. Angl.]
A. G. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lathrop, John

​LATHROP, JOHN (d. 1653), independent minister. [See Lothropp.]