OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Fleet, John

​FLEET, Sir JOHN (d. 1712), governor of the East India Company, was, according to Luttrell, by trade a sugar baker, but according to Le Neve a wine cooper. He was elected sheriff of London on 11 Oct. 1688, and alderman soon afterwards, having in the interval been knighted. He was also chosen captain of the city horse volunteers in July 1689, and lord mayor on 1 Oct. 1692. His accession to the latter office was celebrated by a pageant called 'The Triumphs of London,' written by Elkanah Settle and performed in the Grocers' Hall on 29 Oct. He represented the city of London in parliament between March 1692-3 and 1705, with the exception of the short parliament which sat from 30 Dec. 1701 to 2 July 1702. On 26 April 1695 he was elected governor of the East India Company. It was a critical epoch in the history of the company, the charter having become legally forfeit in consequence of the interest due to the government having fallen into arrear. The government was itself in financial straits. A rival company had also been projected which offered the government a loan of 2,000,000l. at 8 per cent., while the best offer which Fleet was authorised to make on behalf of the old company was an advance of 700,000l. at 6 per cent . The new company was accordingly incorporated on 5 Sept. 1698, and the old company found it necessary to effect an amalgamation. This was carried out on 22 July 1702. Fleet was appointed, on 11 July 1702, one of the commissioners to execute the office of lieutenant of London, and on 14 March 1704-5 he was elected president of St. Bartholomew's Hospital. He married twice, his second wife being the relict of Newcomb, the king*s printer. He died in 1712 and was buried at Battersea.
[Luttrell's Relation of State Affairs, i. 468, ii. 581, iii. 466, iv. 376, 605, 721, v. 193, vi. 186; Le Neve's Pedigrees of Knights (Harl. Soc.), p. 417; Anderson's Hist. of Commerce, ii. 222, 236; Lists of Members of Parliament (Official Return of); Lysons's Environs, 1792, i. 35; Brit. Mus. Cat. 'E. Settle.']
J. M. R.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Fleetwood, George (1605-1667)

​FLEETWOOD, GEORGE (1605–1667), Swedish general and baron, was second son of Sir Miles Fleetwood of Cranford and Aldwinkle, Northamptonshire, receiver of the court of wards, and was grandson of the first Sir William of Aldwinkle. Sir Miles had two other sons, William (afterwards Sir William of Aldwinkle) and Charles, the parliamentary general [q. v.] George was baptised at Cople, Bedfordshire, 30 June 1605, and in 1629 raised a troop of horse with which he went to Germany and joined the Swedish army under Gustavus Adolphus, who gave him the rank of lieutenant-colonel. He returned to England, and having collected a regiment of foot conducted it to the scene of war in 1630. He became a Swedish knight 3 June 1632, and in 1636 was sent on a mission to England. He was commandant of Greifswald and Colberg in 1641, and having returned to Sweden in 1653 was raised to the rank of baron by Queen Christina, 1 June 1654. In the following year he was sent by Charles X as envoy extraordinary to Cromwell, in response to Whitelocke's embassy. He was accompanied by his eldest son, Gustavus Miles Fleetwood, who was enrolled among the life-guard of Charles II, and pursued in England his education in the civil and military accomplishments of the day. Fleetwood became a Swedish lieutenant-general in 1656, and, having left England in 1660, member of the council of war in 1665. In 1640 he married Brita Gyllenstjerna, of the family of that Christina Gyllenstjerna who, in 1520, defended Stockholm against the Danes. By that lady he had four sons and two daughters. He died 11 June 1667, and was buried at Nyköping. He was a man of great energy and prudence, much trusted by his superiors. Whitelocke mentions him frequently in his ‘Journal of the Swedish Embassy in the years 1653 and 1654,’ and a letter from Fleetwood to his father in 1632, describing the battle of Lützen, at which he was present, is published in the ‘Camden Miscellany,’ vol. i. 1847. There are several branches of his descendants now in Sweden. Nathaniel Whiting, minister of Aldwinkle, dedicated his ‘Old Jacob's Altar newly repaired,’ 1659, 4to, to the three brothers, William, George, and Charles.
C. H. D.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Emlyn, Henry

​EMLYN, HENRY (1729–1815), architect, resided at Windsor. He published ‘A Proposition for a new Order in Architecture, with rules for drawing the several parts,’ fol. London, 1781 (2nd and 3rd editions, ​1784); this consisted ‘of a shaft that at one-third of its height divided itself into two, the capitals having oak leaves for foliage, with the star of the order of the garter between the volutes.’ He introduced this order (the point of division being covered by an escutcheon, and the foliage being replaced by ostrich plumes) in the tetra-style portico at Beaumont Lodge, near Windsor, erected, except part of the west wing, by him for Henry Griffiths about 1785 (Neale, Views of Seats, vol. i.), and in the porch of his own house. George III confided to him some alterations in St. George's Chapel, Windsor, which were executed (1787–90) entirely after his designs, and preserved a due harmony with the original work. The restoration included ‘the screen to the choir, executed in Coade's artificial stone, with the organ case, the altar, and the king's and additional stalls.’ Emlyn was elected F.S.A. 25 June 1795 ([Gough], Chronolog. List of Soc. Antiq. p. 58). He died at Windsor 10 Dec. 1815, in his eighty-seventh year, and was buried on the 19th in St. George's Chapel. A tablet was erected to his memory in the Bray chantry.
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Emes, Thomas

​EMES, THOMAS (d. 1707), known as ‘the prophet,’ was an impudent quack who practised as a surgeon among the poorer classes. In the hope of obtaining notoriety he allied himself with the Camisards or French prophets, a pack of crazy enthusiasts who scandalised the town by their indecent buffooneries. He died at Old Street Square, London, 22 Dec. 1707, and was buried on Christmas day in Bunhill Fields. ‘Under the operation of the Spirit’ his brethren were enabled to prophesy that he would rise from his grave between twelve at noon and six in the evening of 25 May 1708. No ‘cloathing’ was to be provided, for rising ‘pure and innocent,’ it would not, they declared, ‘be esteem'd indecency for him to walk naked unto his habitation’ (Predictions concerning the Raising the Dead Body of Mr. T. Emes, 4to, London, 1708?). Three days before the pretended resurrection the government, fearing disturbances, and to prevent any tricks being played, placed guards at the grave and about the cemetery (Luttrell, Relation of State Affairs, 1857, vi. 307).
Emes wrote: 1. ‘A Dialogue between Alkali and Acid … wherein a late pretended new hypothesis, asserting Alkali the cause, and Acid the cure of all diseases, is proved groundless and dangerous. Being a specimen of the immodest self-applause, shameful contempt, and abuse of all physicians, gross mistakes and great ignorance of the pretender John Colbatch. By T. E. Chirurgo-Medicus,’ 8vo, London, 1698. 2. ‘A Letter to a Gentleman concerning Alkali and Acid. Being an ​answer to a late piece, intituled A Letter to a Physician concerning Acid and Alkali. To which is added, a Specimen of a new Hypothesis, for the sake of Lovers of Medicine,’ 8vo, London, 1700. 3. ‘The Atheist turn'd Deist, and the Deist turn'd Christian: or, the Reasonableness and Union of Natural and the True Christian Religion,’ 8vo, London, 1698.
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Emily, Edward

​EMILY, EDWARD, M.D. (1617–1657), Harveian orator, was the third son of Maximilian Emily of Helmdon, Northamptonshire, and Elizabeth, daughter and coheiress of John Waleston of Ruislip, Middlesex, and was baptised on 20 April 1617. He was entered on the books at Leyden on 8 Oct. 1640, and he graduated M.D. on 10 Nov. following.On 25 June 1641 he was admitted licentiate of the College of Physicians; he became a candidate on 22 Dec. 1643 and a fellow on 8 May 1647, having been in the meantime incorporated M.D. at Oxford, being described as of Christ Church. He was elected Gulstonian lecturer in 1649, treating during his course no less learnedly of atoms than of anatomy, and was censor of the college in 1652 and 1653. He was the first Harveian orator in 1656, and gave great offence to his colleagues by speaking in his oration with unseemly virulence against the army and the existing Commonwealth. A vote of censure was passed, but, on his affirming that he had intended no harm, and the technical portion of his speech being found of high merit, the censure was removed. It was determined, however, that in future all Harveian orations should be handed to the president and censors of the college to be read and approved at least a month before their delivery. Emily was senior physician at St. Thomas's Hospital, and practised in the neighbourhood of Silver Street. He died on 14 Nov. 1657, aged forty, and was buried in the church of St. Olave's, Silver Street, the funeral being attended by a large concourse of members of the College of Physicians. Baldwin Hamey [q. v.] (Bustorum aliquot Reliquiae, MS., R.C.P.) speaks of him in terms of high praise, declaring that time only failed him to become one of the greatest adornments of his profession. He married Elizabeth, daughter of John Millington of Wandsworth, and by her he had an only son, John, who became a distinguished merchant in the city. Wood (Fasti Oxon. ii. 94) states that Emily 'in 1652 or 1653 held up his hand at the bar, at an assize held in Oxford, for coining, but being freed went to London and practised his faculty in the parish of St. Olave's.' He gives, however, no authority for his allegation, which is scarcely consistent with the fact that Emly held the high office of censor of the College of Physicians.
A. V.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Emlyn, Sollom

​EMLYN, SOLLOM (1697–1754), legal writer, second son of Thomas Emlyn [q. v.], was born at Dublin (T. Emlyn, Works, i. xx et seq.), where his father was at the time settled, 27 Dec. 1697. He studied law, entered as a student at Leyden 17 Sept. 1714, became a member of Lincoln's Inn, and rose to be of great reputation as a chamber counsel. Emlyn was anxious for reforms of the law, and very forcibly pointed out the defects in the system as then practised. He remarks in 1730 on the ‘tediousness and delays’ of civil suits, ‘the exorbitant fees to counsel, whereto the costs recovered bear no proportion,’ the overgreat ‘nicety of special pleadings,’ the scandal of the ecclesiastical courts. In criminal law he objects to the forced unanimity of the jury, the Latin record of the proceedings, the refusal of counsel to those charged with felony, the practice of pressing to death obstinately mute prisoners, capital punishment for trifling offences, ‘the oppressions and extortions of gaolers,’ and generally the bad management of gaols (Preface to State Trials). Emlyn died 28 June 1754. He was interred in Bunhill Fields burying-ground, where there is an inscription to his memory. He married on 10 Nov. 1729 Mary, daughter of Rev. William Woodhouse, by whom he had two sons: Thomas, a chancery barrister, who died in 1796; and Sollom (d. 1744).
Emlyn published: 1. ‘Sir Matthew Hales's History of the Pleas of the Crown,’ 1736. 2. ‘Queries relating to Elizabeth Canning's Case, with Answers,’ 1754. He also edited the second edition of the ‘State Trials,’ printed with a preface in six volumes folio in 1730, and an edition of his father's works, with a prefatory biography (4th ed. 3 vols. 1746).
F. W-t.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Emery, Edward

​EMERY, EDWARD (d. 1850?), numismatist, under whose direction the notorious imitations of coins known as ‘Emery's forgeries’ were produced, was a coin-collector and coin-dealer living in London. He is said to have belonged to ‘a respectable family,’ and to have been well off. He engaged an engraver at considerable expense to manufacture dies of rare English and Irish coins, and some of the specimens struck off from these dies sold for large sums. The forgeries were in the market during the summer of 1842, but they were exposed in the ‘Times’ and in the ‘Numismatic Chronicle.’ Before the end of that year Emery (or his engraver) was obliged to surrender the dies, which were then cut through the centre and thus rendered useless. Emery's forgeries are: penny of Edward VI, with portrait; shillings of Edward VI with false countermarks of portcullis and greyhound; jeton or coin of Lady Jane Grey as queen of England; half-crown and shilling of Philip and Mary; gold ‘rial’ of Mary I; groats and half-groats of Mary I (English and Irish), and probably others. The forgeries are clever, though the lettering is not successful. After 1842 Emery is believed to have left London in debt, and to have died at Hastings about 1850.
W. W.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Emes, John

​EMES, JOHN (fl. 1785–1805), engraver and water-colour painter, is best known by his engraving of the picture by James Jefferys of ‘The Destruction of the Spanish Batteries before Gibraltar.’ The etching for this is dated 1786, and as it was published in October 1789 by Emes and Elizabeth Woollett, widow of the celebrated engraver, it is possible that it may have been begun, or intended to have been begun, by Woollett himself. Emes was also a clever water-colour painter, and executed pleasing tinted drawings of views in the Lake district and elsewhere, some of which he exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1790 and 1791. There are three water-colour drawings by Emes in the Print Room at the British Museum, one being a large drawing representing ‘The Meeting of the Royal Society of British Archers in Gwersylt Park, Denbighshire;’ the figures in this are drawn by R. Smirke, R.A., and it was afterwards engraved in aquatint by C. Apostool. A set of sixteen views of the lakes in Cumberland and Westmoreland, drawn by J. Smith and J. Emes, were engraved in aquatint by S. Alken [q. v.]; these were incorporated into West's ‘Guide to the Lakes.’ Emes also engraved some views of Dorsetshire. His collection of prints was sold on 22 March 1810, he being then deceased.
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Fermor, Thomas William

​FERMOR, THOMAS WILLIAM, fourth Earl of Pomfret (1770–1833), general, second son of George, second earl of Pomfret, by Miss Anna Maria Drayton of Sunbury, Middlesex, was born 22 Nov. 1770. Early in 1791 he was appointed to an ensigncy in the 3rd guards. He served in Flanders in 1793, and was present at the battle of Famars, the sieges of Valenciennes and Dunkirk, and the battle of Lincelles. In 1794 he was promoted to a lieutenancy. He served in Ireland during the rebellion, and in the expedition to the Helder, where he took part in the several actions. On 16 March 1800 he was appointed to a company, with the rank of lieutenant-colonel. He served with the guards in the Peninsula until his promotion to the rank of major-general, 4 June 1813. For the battle of Salamanca he received a medal; and he was also a knight of the Portuguese order of the Tower and Sword, which he obtained permission to accept 11 May 1813. His last commission as lieutenant-general bore date 27 May 1825. He succeeded his brother George as fourth earl 7 April 1830. Pomfret, who was F.R.S. and F.S.A., died 29 June 1833. He married, 13 Jan. 1823, Amabel Elizabeth, eldest daughter of Sir Richard Borough, bart., by whom he left issue two sons and two daughters. Lady Pomfret married, secondly, in May 1834, William Thorpe, D.D., of Belgrave Chapel, Pimlico (Gent. Mag. new ser. ii. 101). He was succeeded by his eldest son, George William Richard, fifth earl, who died unmarried on 8 June 1867 (ib. 4th ser. iv. 105), when the earldom, barony, and baronetcy became extinct.
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Ferrabee, George

​FERRABEE, GEORGE (fl. 1613). [See Ferebe.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Ferrabosco, Alfonso (d.1661)

Contains subarticle John Ferrabosco (d. 1682). Died 1652 according to the ODNB.
​FERRABOSCO, ALFONSO (d. 1661), son of Alfonso Ferrabosco (d. 1628) [q. v.], was probably the ‘Master Alphonso Ferrabosco’ who sang in ‘a Hymenœi’ on Twelfth Night 1606, on the occasion of the marriage of Robert, earl of Essex, with Lady Frances, daughter of the Earl of Suffolk. He succeeded his father as one of the ‘viols’ in the king's band in March 1627–8, and, together with his brother Henry, was appointed to the place of musician in ordinary. The two brothers probably held jointly the post of composer in ordinary (see below). Four pieces for viols by him, some of which are called ‘In nomine,’ are preserved in Addit. MS. 29427, where he is distinguished from his father by the addition of ‘junior.’ Among the manuscripts in Ely Cathedral is an anthem, ‘Let God arise,’ the ‘full’ part of which is attributed to Alfonso Ferrabosco, and the ‘verse’ portions to Lawes. The third Ferrabosco is the one who stands nearest in point of time to Lawes, and we may therefore conclude that in this anthem we have a work by him. No other composition of his is known. From various entries in the State Papers, Alfonso seems to have survived his brother, but only by a short term; in 1661 the place as musician was filled by Th. Bates, who seems to have gained by the division of labour practised by his predecessors, as he is given ‘50l. and 40l. yearly.’ The brothers were succeeded in the post of composer in ordinary by Dr. William Child, who was appointed on 4 July 1661 ‘in the roome of Alfonso Ferrabosco and Henry Ferrabosco, deceased;’ he, however, only received a grant of 40l. a year.
John Ferrabosco, who was organist of Ely Cathedral from 1662 until his death in 1682, was probably a son of either Alfonso or Henry. In 1671 he took the degree of Mus.B. at Cambridge, ‘per literas regias.’ It has been suggested that he may have introduced into the cathedral the ‘Chanting Service’ as it is called, in which the verses are set alternately in a florid motet style and in a simple chant form. This is said to have been a not unusual practice in certain Italian churches, and it is supposed that he may have adopted the plan from the land of his family's origin. The manuscript collection at Ely contains eleven anthems by him, as well as many services, one of which, in B flat, is given by Tudway, who wrongly ascribes it to Alfonso Ferrabosco; it is also contained in other manuscript collections, as at Peterborough, and in Sir F. A. Gore Ouseley's collection.
J. A. F. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Fermor, William (d.1711)

1904 Errata appended.
​FERMOR, WILLIAM, Lord Leominster (d. 1711), connoisseur, was the eldest son of Sir William Fermor, bart., of Easton Neston, Northamptonshire [q. v.], by Mary, daughter of Hugh Perry of London and widow of Henry Noel, second son of Edward, viscount Campden. He succeeded as second baronet in 1671, was elected M.P. for Northampton in 1671 and again in 1679, and was elevated to the peerage, 12 April 1692, by the title of Baron Leominster of Leominster, Herefordshire. He was thrice married: first to Jane, daughter of Andrew Barker of Fairford, Gloucestershire, by whom he had a daughter, Elizabeth, who died unmarried in March 1705; secondly, to the Hon. Katherine Poulett, daughter of John, first lord Poulett, by whom he had Mary, married to Sir John Wodehouse, fourth baronet, of Kimberley, Norfolk; and, thirdly, to Lady Sophia Osborne, daughter of Thomas, first duke of Leeds, and widow of Donogh, lord Ibrackan, grandson and heir of Henry, seventh earl of Thomond. By this lady, who survived until 8 Dec. 1746, he had a son, Thomas, and four daughters. Leominster built the house and planned the gardens and plantations at Easton Neston. The house was completed by Nicholas Hawksmoor in 1702, about twenty years after the erection of the wings by Sir Christopher Wren. He adorned the whole with part of the Arundel marbles which he had purchased and which his son had actually the temerity to attempt to restore with ​the assistance of one Giovanni Battista Guelfi, ‘a scholar of Camillo Rusconi.’ The collection was afterwards greatly neglected. ‘Coming back,’ writes Walpole to Montagu on 20 May 1736, ‘we saw Easton Neston, where in an old greenhouse is a wonderful fine statue of Tully haranguing a numerous assembly of decayed emperors, vestal virgins with new noses, Colossus's, Venus's, headless carcases, and carcaseless heads, pieces of tombs, and hieroglyphics’ (Letters, ed. Cunningham, i. 6). The marbles were presented in 1755 to the university of Oxford by Henrietta Louisa, countess of Pomfret [q. v.] A description of Easton Neston and its art treasures is included in the ‘Catalogue of the Duke of Buckingham's Pictures,’ 4to, London, 1758 (pp. 53–66). Leominster died 7 Dec. 1711, and was succeeded by his only son, Thomas, who was advanced to an earldom 27 Dec. 1721 by the title of Earl of Pomfret, or Pontefract, Yorkshire.
G. G.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.122 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
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# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Ferneley, John

​FERNELEY, JOHN (1782–1860), animal painter, born at Thrussington, Leicestershire, on 18 May 1782, was the son of a wheelwright, and was apprenticed to his father's trade. He, however, soon showed a taste for painting, and used to copy pictures which were lent to him, besides painting the fore-boards of wagons with colours prepared by himself, and obtained from the town of Leicester during his free Saturday afternoons. At the age of twenty-one, in 1803, he was sent by his father to London to study under Ben Marshall, the best known painter of horses at that time, and remained about a year under his tuition, spending an interval of six months at Dover, where he painted pictures for the officers of the Leicestershire militia, then stationed at Dover Castle. In 1806 Mr. Assheton Smith [q. v.], who had just purchased the Quorn hounds, sent for Ferneley to Quorndon, and had some large hunting pictures painted by him. These, and some similar pictures painted for Lord Tamworth at Stanton Harold, gained him a reputation, and established for him a practice, in which, though not one of the higher branches of the art, he became almost unrivalled, and enjoyed an unlimited patronage for about fifty years. In 1809–10 and 1812 Ferneley was in Ireland, painting pictures for the Earl of Belmore, Lord Lismore, Lord Rossmore, and many others. He ​returned to his native country, married, and in 1814 established himself at Melton Mowbray, where he resided until his death, only leaving it for professional visits. He painted innumerable portraits of hunting scenes, and of the noblemen and gentry who were the chief patrons of the sport. Though not a great painter or a finished artist, he possessed industry and the art of pleasing his patrons, with most of whom he was on terms of personal friendship, becoming by degrees one of the best-known characters in Melton Mowbray society. There is hardly a house in the district inhabited by sportsmen that does not boast some specimen of Ferneley's work. He occasionally painted turf, coaching, and other sporting subjects, but the chase was his speciality, and brought out his best work. Ferneley died 3 June 1860, and was buried at Thrussington. He married, first, Miss Sally Kettle (d. 1836), by whom he had seven children, of whom two followed his profession: John (1815–1862), who resided chiefly in Yorkshire, painting hunting and military pictures, and Claude Loraine, still living, a landscape and animal painter. Ferneley married, secondly, Miss Ann Allan (d. 1853), by whom he had one son. Ferneley was a frequent exhibitor and visitor at the London exhibitions; many of his pictures have been engraved in the ‘Sporting Magazine’ and other similar works.
L. C.