OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century/Constantinus II., eldest son of Constantine the Great

​Constantinus II., the eldest son of Constantine the Great by Fausta, born A.D. 312, was made Caesar in 316 together with Crispus, and his quinquennalia were celebrated by the panegyric of Nazarius in 321. At the death of his father, the empire being redivided, Constantine as the eldest son seems to have claimed Constantinople, but this was overruled, and he was placed over the West. Constantine thus came into contact with St. Athanasius in his exile at Trèves, and at once took him under his protection. [ Athanasius.] In 340 Constantine invaded the dominions of Constans and penetrated into Lombardy, where he was killed in a small engagement. His dominions then went to Constans, who thus ruled the entire West. Of his character we know little or nothing. He appears to have been a staunch Catholic, but his attack upon the dominions of his brother Constans does not put his character in a favourable light. His short reign makes him very unimportant.
[J.W.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/London, Richard of

​LONDON, RICHARD of (fl. 1193), chronicler. [See Richard.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/London, William

​LONDON, WILLIAM (fl. 1658), bibliographer, was a bookseller of Newcastle-on-Tyne, and apparently undertook some publishing on his own account in partnership with London firms. In 1655 Hoole's 'Phraseologia Anglo-Latina' appeared, with the imprint 'London, printed by E. Coles for William London, bookseller, Newcastle.' London is best known by a very rare catalogue of English literature, which he drew up in 1658. Its title runs, 'A Catalogue of the most vendible Books in England orderly and alphabetically digested … the like Work never yet performed by any. Varietas Delectat,' London, 1658, 4to. The signature 'William London' attached to the dedication has been absurdly explained as that of William Juxon, bishop of London. Besides the dedication, addressed among others to the 'wise, learned, and studious in the Northern Counties of Northumberland, B$^{ppk}$ of Durham, Westmoreland, and Cumberland,' there is an 'Epistle to the most candid and ingenious reader,' and a very spirited and well-written 'Introduction to the Use of Books, or a short Essay upon the Value and Benefits of Learning and Knowledge.' London arranges his titles under the headings Divinity, History, Physic and Chirurgerie, Law, Romances, Poems, Plays, Hebrew, Greek, and Latin. A supplement of new books issued between August 1657 and June 1658 is appended. In 1660 he brought out 'A Catalogue of New Books by way of Supplement to the former, being such as have been printed from that time till Easter Term, 1660,' London, 31 May 1660, 4to.
A brief ‘Catalogue of Certaine Bookes,’ published between 1626 and 1631, was issued in the latter year, and in 1655 ‘A Catalogue of … Divinity Books … printed about twenty yeares past.’ But London's claim to have produced the earliest catalogue of any bibliographical pretensions is fully justified. His undertaking attracted attention. In 1663 Francis Hawkins [q. v.] the Jesuit issued a new edition of his ‘Youths Behaviour.’ and in an appended ‘table’ or glossary of scientific terms used in the volume he inserted the entry, ‘Catalogue: a roule of names,or register, a cataloging of Books which Mr. London, bookseller of Newcastle, hath published.’
S. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Long, Amelia

​LONG, AMELIA, Lady Farnborough (1762–1837), born in 1762, was elder daughter of Sir Abraham Hume [q. v.] of Wormleybury, Hertfordshire. She was married on 28 May 1793 to Charles Long, afterwards first Baron Farnborough [q. v.] She was well known in her day as a judge of art and a skilled horticulturist, and largely assisted in laying out the gardens at Bromley Hill, Kent. She died without issue at Bromley Hill on 15 Jan. 1837, and was buried at Wormley, Hertfordshire, with an elaborate tomb by Westmacott.
J. A. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Londonderry, Earls of

​LONDONDERRY, Earls of. [See Ridgeway, Sir Thomas, created Earl 1622; Pitt, Thomas, d. 1729.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Londonderry, Marquises of

​LONDONDERRY, Marquises of. [See Stewart, Robert, 1769–1822, second Marquis; Stewart-Vane, Charles William, 1778–1854, third Marquis.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Long, Catharine

The ODNB gives her father as the second Earl, and her date of birth as 1797.
​LONG, Lady CATHARINE (d. 1867), novelist and religious writer, youngest daughter of Horatio Walpole, third earl of Orford, married Henry-Lawes Long, esq., of Hampton Lodge, Surrey, 22 July 1822, and died suddenly from alarm in a thunderstorm, 30 Aug. 1867, leaving seven daughters and a son. She engaged in much literary work, chiefly in the way of religious fiction, and published some pieces of sacred music.
Her works are: 1. ‘Sir Roland Ashton, a Tale of the Times,’ Lond. 1844, 8vo, a religious novel directed against the tractarian movement (Athenæum, 1844, p.771). 2. ‘Midsummer Souvenir, Thoughts Original and Selected,’ 1846, 32mo. 3. An ‘Agnus Dei’ for four or five voices, 1848. 4. ‘Christmas Souvenir,’ 1848, 32mo. 5. ‘Heavenly Thoughts for Morning Hours,’ 1851, 18mo. 6. ‘Heavenly Thoughts for Evening Hours,’ Lond. 1856, 18mo. 7. ‘The Story of a Drop of Water,’ Lond. 1856. 8. ‘First Lieutenant's Story,’ Lond. 1856, 12mo. 9. ‘The Story of a Specific Prayer,’ Lond. 1863. 10. ‘Herein is Joy,’ selections from Morning and Evening Thoughts. 11. ‘He is not Dead, he cannot Die,’ in memory of Prince Albert, words and music. 12. ‘For Wounds like these, Christ is the only Cure,’ set to music.
A. F. P.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Long, Dudley

​LONG, DUDLEY (d. 1829), politician and wit. [See North.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Dastin, John

​DASTIN, DASTYN, or DAUSTIN, JOHN (fl. 1320), alchemist, occupied, according to Tanner, the foremost place among the alchemists of his time, and was the only master of his art in England. Originally a monk, he gave himself up to philosophical inquiries, and was reduced to the utmost poverty. The only record which remains to fix the period when Dastin lived is a letter which he addressed to Pope John XXII. Among other of his correspondents was a Cardinal Adrian of Naples, and it was apparently this fact which led Pierre Borel (Bibl. Chemique, p. 73) to incorrectly state that Dastin was himself a cardinal known as St. Adrian. Dastin was the author of numerous alchemical treatises in Latin, which, if we may judge from the number of manuscript ​copies still remaining, were largely circulated. His ‘Rosarium, secretissimum philosophorum arcanum comprehendens’ was printed at Geismar in 1647, and again in 1702 in Jac. Magnes's ‘Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa.’ The most popular of his works would seem to have been the ‘Visio super artem Alchemicam,’ a curious mystical allegory, which was more than once translated into English, and is printed in ‘Ginæceum Chimicum’ (Lyons, 1679) and in the ‘Theatrum Chimicum’ (Geneva, 1651).
A. V.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Darton, Nicholas

​DARTON, NICHOLAS (1603–1649?), divine, was born in 1603 in Cornwall of poor parentage. He matriculated as a battler at Exeter College, Oxford, in 1618, graduated B.A. in 1622, took orders, and in 1628 was presented to the living of Kilsby in Northamptonshire. He was always considered a puritan, and at the outbreak of the civil war espoused the side of the parliament, becoming a presbyterian. He ceased to hold his living in 1645, and is believed to have died in 1649. He wrote:
* ‘The True and Absolute Bishop; with the Convert's Return unto Him,’ &c., 1641.
* ‘Ecclesia Anglicana, or Darton's Cleare and Protestant Manifesto, as an Evangelical Key sent to the Governour of Oxford, for the opening of the Church Dores there that are shut up without Prayers or Preaching,’ 1649.
Wood states that he wrote other works, and Brook that he published several sermons, but neither enumerates them.
[Boase and Courtney's Biblioth. Cornubiensis; Wood's Athenæ Oxon. (Bliss), iii. 263; Baker's Northamptonshire, p. 402; Brook's Puritans, iii. 531.]
A. C. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Dart, Joseph Henry

​DART, JOSEPH HENRY (1817–1887), conveyancer, eldest son of Joseph Dart of Tidwell, Devonshire, secretary to the East India Company, was educated at Exeter College, Oxford, where, having gained the Newdigate prize for a poem on the ‘Exile of St. Helena,’ he graduated B.A. in 1838, and proceeded M.A. in 1841. Having been admitted a student at Lincoln's Inn on 25 Jan. 1836, he was called to the bar on 28 Jan. 1841. He married, on 15 Sept. 1842, Adeline Pennal, eldest daughter of Richard Humber. In 1851 Dart published ‘A Compendium of the Law and Practice of Vendors and Purchasers of Real Estate,’ London, 8vo. A second edition appeared in 1852, a third in 1856, a fourth in 1871, and a fifth in 1876. In the last three editions Dart was assisted by William Barber, esq. (now Q.C.). The work attained the reputation of a standard treatise many years before the death of the author. In 1860 Dart was appointed one of the six conveyancing counsel to the court of chancery, and, on the passing of the Judicature Act, 1875, senior conveyancing counsel to the high court of justice. This office he resigned in 1886. In 1877 he was elected one of the verderers of the New Forest, on the borders of which he had an estate—Beech House, Ringwood. He was also a justice of the peace for Hampshire. Though he never took silk, he was elected in 1885 a bencher of his inn. He died on 27 June 1887 at his house at Ringwood at the age of seventy. He left a family. Besides the legal work already mentioned, Dart was the author of a translation of the ‘Iliad’ into English hexameter verse, which attracted the favourable notice of Dr. Whewell and Lord Lindsay. The first volume, containing the first twelve books, appeared in 1862, the second in 1865, Lond. 8vo.
[Times, 1 July 1887; Law Journ. 2 July 1887; Solicitors' Journ. 2 July 1887; Foster's Men at the Bar; Law List, 1886; Brit. Mus. Cat.]
J. M. R.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Gentili, Aloysius

​GENTILI, ALOYSIUS, LL.D. (1801–1848), missionary-apostolic in England, born at Rome on 14 July 1801, was the son of a solicitor of Neapolitan descent. After completing his studies at the Sapienza, he took the degree of doctor of civil and canon law, and began to practise as an advocate. The death of his patron, Cardinal Gonsalvi, successively auditor of the rota and secretary of state, having destroyed his hopes of advancement, he studied the English, French, and Spanish languages, and became a professional teacher of Italian, in which vocation he had great success. He was made a knight by ​the duke Sforza Cesarini, who enjoyed the privilege of creating knights palatine and knights of the order of the Golden Spur. In 1830 he obtained an introduction to Rosmini, which led to his joining the Institute of Charity founded by that celebrated philosopher. Having been ordained priest in 1830, he was sent in 1831 to the first house of the institute, built on Monte Calvario, near Domo d'Ossola, and was appointed master of the novices. In 1835 the Institute of Charity was introduced into England, and Gentili and two other missionaries were sent by the Father-general Rosmini, and exercised their ministry first at Trelawney, Cornwall, and afterwards at Prior Park, near Bath, where Gentili was appointed superior of the college by Bishop Baines. Differences arose on educational and other subjects between the bishop and Gentili, who, after visiting Rome in 1839 to take his vows as presbyter of the institute, was sent back by his superior in 1840 to become chaplain to Ambrose Lisle Phillipps [see De Lisle] of Grace Dieu Manor, Leicestershire. In 1842 he was removed to the mission at Loughborough, and after a time his talents and successes as a preacher led to his being appointed itinerant missionary. He commenced this new career in company with Father Furlong in 1845. After giving missions in all the large towns of England and Ireland, Gentili, while on a visit to the latter country, was seized with a feverish attack, and died at Dublin on 25 Sept. 1848. A detailed account of his missionary labours will be found in the ‘Life of the Rev. Aloysius Gentili, LL.D., Father of Charity and Missionary Apostolic in England. Edited by the Very Rev. Father Pagani,’ London, 1851, 8vo (with portrait).
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Geninges, John

John Gennings in the ODNB.
​GENINGES, JOHN (1570?–1660), Franciscan friar, born at Lichfield in or about 1570, was brought up in the protestant religion, but became a catholic after the execution of his elder brother, Edmund Geninges [q. v.] He entered the English College at Douay, was ordained priest in 1607, and was sent on the mission in the following year. In 1614 or 1615 he was admitted into the order of St. Francis. In 1616, in his capacity of vicar and custos of England, he assembled at Gravelines about six of his brethren, including novices, and within three years he succeeded in establishing at Douay the monastery of St. Bonaventure, of which he was the first vicar and guardian. In 1621, with the assistance of Father Christopher Davenport [q. v.], he founded the convent of St. Elizabeth at Brussels for English nuns of the third order of St. Francis. On the restoration of the English province of his order he was appointed its first provincial, in a chapter held at Brussels on 1 Dec. 1630. He was re-elected provincial in the second chapter held at Greenwich on 15 Jan. 1633–4, for another triennium, and again in the fourth chapter at London on 19 April 1640. He died at Douay on 2 Nov. (O.S.) 1660. Dr. Oliver states that his portrait is preserved in the house of St. Peter's Chapel, Birmingham. To him is generally ascribed the authorship of the curious biography of his brother, published at St. Omer in 1614 [see Geninges, Edmund]. He also wrote ‘Institutio Missionariorum,’ Douay, 1651, 16mo.
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Gentileschi, Artemisia

​GENTILESCHI, ARTEMISIA (1590–1642?), painter, born at Rome in 1590, was daughter of Orazio Gentileschi [q. v.], from whom she received her first instructions in painting. She also worked under Guido Reni, and studied the style of Domenichino. She accompanied her father to England, and painted several pictures for Charles I, including ‘David and Goliath,’ ‘Fame,’ and a portrait of herself at an easel, which is now at Hampton Court. She quitted England, however, and returned to Italy before 1630, residing principally at Naples. She was renowned for her beauty and accomplishments as well as for her paintings. Scandal has been busy with her name; Lanière is said to have fallen a victim to her attractions in England, like the painter Romanelli of Viterbo at Naples, who painted her portrait. She was especially famous for her portraits, but produced other remarkable works, including a ‘Judith’ and a ‘Magdalen’ in the Pitti Gallery at Florence; the former, by some considered her finest work, displays a temperament hardly feminine. She also painted a nude figure of ‘Inclination’ for Michelangelo Buonarroti the younger, which was considered so indecorous by his descendants that they employed a painter to fit it with suitable drapery. She married Piero Antonio Schiattesi, and is said to have died in Naples in 1642.
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Geninges, Edmund

​GENINGES, EDMUND (1567–1591), catholic divine, was born in 1567 at Lichfield and brought up in the protestant religion. He became a page in the service of Richard Sherwood, a catholic gentleman, who afterwards went to Rheims and took holy orders. Geninges, at his own request, was also admitted into the college at Rheims, and after ​being ordained priest, while under the canonical age, at Soissons, 18 March 1589–90, by papal dispensation, he returned to England as a missioner. He was apprehended by Topcliffe while celebrating mass in the house of Swithen Wells in Gray's Inn Fields, London, 7 Nov. 1591, with two other priests and four laymen. On 4 Dec. they were brought to trial, Geninges being dressed in a fool's coat which had been found in Wells's house. The next day the jury found the three priests guilty of high treason for returning to the realm contrary to the statute of Elizabeth, and the laymen were convicted of felony for aiding and assisting the priests. They were all executed at Tyburn except Geninges and Wells, who were executed on 10 Dec. (O.S.) 1591 under peculiarly revolting circumstances before the door of the house in which they had been captured in Gray's Inn Fields.
‘The Life and Death of Mr. Edmund Geninges, Priest, Crowned with Martyrdome at London, the 10 Day of Nouember in the year MDXCI,’ appeared at St. Omer in 1614, 4to. There is a perfect copy of this extremely rare work in the Grenville Library, and another in the Huth collection. The title-page, the portrait of Geninges, ‘Ætatis suæ 24, Ao 1591,’ and eleven quaint prints illustrating his life from childhood, are all engraved by Martin Bas. The whole work is in prose except ‘The Author to his Booke’ and ‘The Booke to his Reader,’ three six-line stanzas, each on A 2. On A 3 is a letter signed ‘J. W. P.’ addressed to ‘Maister J. G. P.’ These initials probably represent John Wilson or Watson, the author of the ‘Roman Martyrologie,’ 1608, and John Geninges [q. v.], the brother of Edmund. It is not at all clear from the letter whether Wilson or John Geninges was the author of the biography. Challoner, however, ascribes the authorship to John Geninges. A reprint of the work ‘without any substantial alteration’ appeared at London in 1887, 4to, under the editorship of the Rev. William Forbes-Leith, S.J.
Another work relating to Edmund Geninges was printed under the title of ‘Strange and Miraculous News from St. Omers, being an Account of the wonderful Life and Death of a Popish Saint and Martyr named Mr. Edmund Gennings, Priest, who was executed for treason some years since; with a relation of the miracles … at his death. Wherein may be observed what lying wonders the Papists are made to believe’ [London, 1680?], fol.
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Gent, Thomas (d.1593)

1904 Errata appended.
​GENT, Sir THOMAS (d. 1593), judge, was the eldest or only son of William Gent, lord of the manor of Moyns, Steeple Bumpstead, Essex, of ancient family, by Agnes, daughter and coheiress of Thomas Carr of Great Thurlow, Suffolk. He was educated at Cambridge, probably at Christ's College, where one ‘Gent’ matriculated as a pensioner in 1548. He entered at the Middle Temple, and was called to the bar, and was Lent reader there in 1571 and 1574. He was appointed on 2 April 1571 to the lucrative office of steward of all the courts of Edward de Vere, earl of Oxford. ​In the parliament which met on 2 April 1571 he sat for Malden, became a serjeant-at-law on 2 June 1584, and was appointed a baron of the exchequer on or before 1 Feb. 1586, on which day a commission of oyer and terminer for Suffolk in the ‘Baga de Secretis’ contains his name as a judge. Dugdale wrongly dates his elevation 28 June 1588. A special exemption was made in his favour from the act 33 Hen. VIII, c. 24, which forbade a judge from acting as a justice of assize in his own county. He was a member of the high commission in causes ecclesiastical, and appears to have been on circuit in Devonshire in February 1592 (Green, Cal. of State Papers, Dom. 1591–4). He died in January 1593, and was buried at Steeple Bumpstead. He married twice, first, Elizabeth, who was only daughter and heiress of Sir John Swallow of Bocking, and was buried at Steeple Bumpstead on 12 May 1585, by whom he had seven sons and five daughters; and second, in April 1586, Elizabeth, widow of Roger Hogeson of London, and sister of Morgan Robyns, by whom he had no issue. His arms are engraved in Dugdale's ‘Orig. Jurid.’ p. 227, from a window in the Middle Temple Hall. His character is highly praised by Newton in his ‘Encomia.’
J. A. H.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.134 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 120 | ii | 7-6 f.e. | Gent, Sir Thomas: for Corpus Christi College read Christ's College, where one 'Gent' matriculated as a pensioner in 1548, |
| 121 | i | 22 | for 1506 read 1586 |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hayne, Thomas

​HAYNE, THOMAS (1582–1645), schoolmaster, son of Robert Hayne of Thrussington, Leicestershire, born in 1582, matriculated from Lincoln College, Oxford, on 12 Oct. 1599. Lameness incapacitated him for recreation, and he devoted himself exclusively to study. He was admitted B.A. on 23 Jan. 1604-5, was appointed second under-master of Merchant Taylors' School, London, in the same year, became usher at Christ's Hospital in 1608, and commenced M.A. in 1612. He died on 27 July 1645, and was buried in Christ Church, London, where a monument, destroyed in the fire of London, was erected to his memory. By will dated 20 Sept. 1640 he bequeathed his books to the library at Leicester, with the exception of a few which he left to the library at Westminster. He also gave 400l. to be bestowed in buying lands or houses of the annual value of 24l. for the maintenance of a schoolmaster at ​Thrussington to teach ten poor children, and bequeathed 42l. yearly for the maintenance of two scholars in Lincoln College, Oxford. Several other charitable bequests are included in his will. Wood describes him as 'a noted critic, an excellent linguist, and a solid divine, beloved of learned men, and particularly respected by Selden' (Athenae Oxon. ed. Bliss, iii. 173). An unengraved portrait of him hangs in the town library at Leicester.
His works are: 1. 'Linguarum cognatio, seu de Linguis in genere et de Variorum Lingarum Harmoniii Dissertatio,' London. 1639, 8vo. Reprinted in Crenius's 'Analecta Philologico-Critico-Historica,' Amsterdam, 1699. 2. 'Grammaticae Latine Compendium,' London, 1640, 8vo. 3. 'The equal wayes of God: for rectifying the unequal wayes of man. Briefly and clearly drawn from the sacred Scriptures. . . . Second edition, revised and . . . enlarged,' London, 1640, fol. 4. 'The Life and Death of Dr. Martin Luther, presented in an English dresse, out of the learned and laborious work of Melchior Adam,' London, 1641, 4to. 5. 'Of the Article of our Creed: Christ descended to Hades, or ad Inferos' (anon.), London, 1642, 4to. 6. 'Christs Kingdome on Earth, opened according to the Scriptures. Herein is examined what Mr. Th. Brightman, Dr. J. Alstede, Mr. I. Mede, Mr. H. Archer, The Glympse of Sions Glory, and such as concurre in opinion with them, hold concerning the thousand years of the Saints Reign with Christ, and of Satans binding,' London, 1645, 4to. Hayne also published a 'General view of the Holy Scriptures; or the Times, Places, and Persons of Holy Scripture,' 2nd edit., much enlarged, London, 1640, fol. The first edition of this anonymous book was called 'Times, Places, & Persons of the holie Scriptures. Otherwise entituled, The General View of the Holy Scriptures' London, 1607, 4to.
T. C.