OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Barker, Benjamin

​BARKER, BENJAMIN (1776–1838), landscape painter, son of Benjamin and brother of Thomas Barker [q. v.], called ‘Barker of Bath,’ resided at Bath, and between 1800 and 1821 exhibited occasionally at the Royal Academy. During the years 1813–20 he was a large exhibitor of views and landscape compositions at the Watercolour Society. He was also an exhibitor at the British Institution. There are three of his watercolour drawings in the South Kensington Museum. He was an artist of some skill and taste, but little power or originality. He died at Totnes after a lingering illness, 2 March 1838, aged 62. Thales Fielding engraved forty-eight of his landscapes in aquatint.
C. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Baring, Francis Thornhill

1904 Errata appended.
​BARING, Sir FRANCIS THORNHILL, Lord Northbrook (1796–1886), statesman, was the eldest son of Sir Thomas Baring, the second baronet, and was born at Calcutta 20 April 1796. He was educated at Winchester School and Christ Church, Oxford, gaining the distinction of a double first class in 1817. In the parliament of 1866 the constituency of Portsmouth chose him as its member, and he represented it without interruption until 1885. He climbed from step to step of the official ladder, and was a lord of the treasury Nov. 1830 to June 1834, its joint secretary June 1830 to June 1834 and April 1835 to Sept. 1839, and chancellor of the exchequer Aug. 1839 to Sept. 1841. From 1840 to 1852 he was the first lord of the admiralty. He was created Baron Northbrook 4 jan. 1866, and died as Stratton Park Sept. 1886. Lord Northbrook was twice married: first 7 April 1825, at Portsmouth,to Jane, youngest daughter of he Hon. Sir George Grey, K.C.B., by whom he was father of Thomas George, created Earl Northbrook in 1876; and secondly, 31 March 1841, at St. George's, Hanover Square, to lady Arabella Georgiana Howard, second daughter of the first Earl of Eflingham. His first wife died at Belgrave Square, Pimlico, 23 April 1838; his second wife is still living. The speech which he made, 17 May 1841, on the budget resolutions for the year, was printed as a pamphlet; his proposals were keenly critcised by Sir Robert Peel. Several improvements were effected at the admiralty during his presidency of the board.
W. P. C.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.15 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
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# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Barker, Andrew

​BARKER, ANDREW (d. 1577), merchant of Bristol, in partnership with his brother John, was for some years engaged in the adventurous and often disputed trade with the Spanish settlements. In 1570 one of their ships, named the Falcon, was seized at Terceira, the cargo confiscated, and the greater part of her crew sent to the galleys (State Papers: Elizabeth, Domestic, Addenda, xix. 13). In 1575 at Teneriffe the Inquisition laid hands on the captain and crew of their ship, the Christopher, and released them only on payment of fines which amounted to the value of the whole cargo. Andrew Barker thereupon fitted out two ships for a voyage of reprisals—the Ragged Staff, of which he himself took command, with one Philip Roche as master, and the Bear, commanded by Captain William Cox. They sailed from Plymouth on Whitsunday, 1576. At the Cape Verde Islands, at Trinidad, at Curaçao, and on the Spanish Main, they took several prizes, and collected a fair amount of booty. Afterwards, however, the crews became sickly and several of the men died. Then the officers quarrelled amongst themselves; Barker and Roche fought, and Cox, heading a mutiny, turned Barker and his adherents on shore in the Gulf of Honduras, where they were presently surprised by the Spaniards. Barker and some eight or nine with him were killed, others were wounded, the rest made good their escape and were admitted on board the Bear, which was still in the neighbourhood. Disaster now pursued the adventurers. Party after party was cut off. The Ragged Staff had early in the voyage proved to be unseaworthy, and had been sunk. All the accumulated treasure was in the Bear, and she was now overset in a squall. Only nine men escaped with their lives, and these, having made shift to build a small vessel and to return to England, were arrested at the suit of Andrew Barker's brother, John, and the chief of them sentenced to a long term of imprisonment.
J. K. L.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Colvin, James Morris Colquhoun

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​COLVIN, JAMES MORRIS COLQUHOUN (1870–)
Major : son of J. C. Colvin, B.C.S : born Aug. 26, 1870 : educated at Charter-house : joined the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich : joined the Royal Engineers, 1888 : served in the Chitral Relief expedition, 1895, and in the Malakand Field Force, 1897, where he won the V.C, : in South Africa in 1901–2 : Intelligence Department, India : Staff Captain for Mobilisation, 1903.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Colvin, Sir Auckland

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​COLVIN, SIR AUCKLAND (1838– )
I.C.S. : son of John Russell Colvin (q.v) : born 1838 : educated at Eton and Haileybury, 1855–7 : served, chiefly in the N.W.P., 1858–79 : officiating Secretary to N.W.P. Government, 1873, 1875 : Comptroller-General, Egypt, 1880–2 : K.C.M.G., 1881 : Financial Adviser to the Khedive, 1882–3 : Financial Member of the Supreme Council, 1883–7 : Lieutenant Governor of the N.W.P. and Oudh, 1887–92 : retired, 1892 : K.C.S.L, 1892 : C.I.E. : Chairman of the Burma Railways Co. : and of the Egyptian Delta Light Railways Co. : wrote John Russell Colvin, in the "Rulers of India" series, 1895.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Connemara, Robert Bourke, first Baron

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​CONNEMARA, ROBERT BOURKE, FIRST BARON (1827–1902)
Governor : born June 11, 1827 : son of fifth Earl of Mayo, brother of sixth Earl of Mayo (q.v.), Viceroy and Governor-General : educated at Enniskillen and Trinity College, Dublin : called to the bar at the Inner Temple, 1852 : M.P. for King's Lynn, 1868, 1874 : Under Secretary for Foreign Affairs, 1874–80 : and again 1885–6 : P.C, 1880 : Governor of Madras, Dec. 8, 1886–Dec I, 1890 : G.C.I.E. : made a Peer, May 12, 1887 : died Sep. 3, 1902.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Colvin-Smith, Sir Colvin

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​COLVIN-SMITH, SIR COLVIN (1829–)
Born Aug. 4, 1829 : son of Rev. Robert Smith, D.D. of Old Macker, Aberdeen : educated at Grammar School and King's College and University, Aberdeen : M.D. of Aberdeen : and L.R.C.S. Edinburgh : entered the Madras Army, 1851 : served in second Burma war, 1852–3, and in the Indian mutiny, 1857–9 : Principal medical officer with Indian Contingent in Egyptian campaign, 1882 : C.B., 1882 : ​present at Tel-el-Kebir and Zagazig : retired in 1884 : Honorary Surgeon to the late Queen and to H.M. the present King : K.C.B. in 1903.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Compton, Sir Herbert Abingdon Draper

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​COMPTON, SIR HERBERT ABINGDON DRAPER (1770–1846)
Son of Walter Abingdon Compton : entered the E.I. Co.'s Army as a private soldier : went to India : bought himself out of the Army : articled himself in an office in Madras : returned home, and wrote for newspapers in London : called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn in 1808 : joined the Madras bar, and became Advocate-General there, and at Calcutta : was knighted and made Chief Justice of the Bombay Supreme Court, April 11, 1831: retired in 1839, and died Jan. 14, 1846.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Colville, Sir Charles

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​COLVILLE, SIR CHARLES (1769 1843)
Entered the Army, 1781, in 28th regt. : Lt-Colonel in 13th foot in 1796 : served in the Irish rebellion, 1798 : in Egypt, 1801–2 : commanded his regiment to Bermuda, 1808 : Brigadier in the Peninsula, 1810–14 : commanded a Division at Waterloo : C. in C. at Bombay, Oct. 9, 1819 to 1826 : Colonel of 5th Fusiliers, 1835 : General, 1837 : G.C.B. : G.C.H. : died March 27, 1843.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Colvin, John Russell

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​COLVIN, JOHN RUSSELL (1807–1857)
Lieutenant-Governor : I.C.S. : son of James Colvin, Calcutta merchant : born in Calcutta, May 29, 1807 : educated at St. Andrews and at Haileybury : went to Bengal in 1826, to Hyderabad in 1827 : was Assistant and Deputy Secretary in the Judicial and Revenue Departments of the Government of India, 1831–5 : Secretary to the Board of Revenue, 1835 : Private Secretary to the Governor-General, Lord Auckland, 1836–42; and is said to have exercised considerable influence over the latter's Afghan policy. He was Resident in Nipal, 1845, Commissioner of Tenasserim, 1846 : Judge of the Sadr Court at Calcutta : Lieutenant-Governor of the N.W.P. from Nov. 7, 1853. It was said that Colvin "over-governed" : he worked with extraordinary industry, and greatly increased the business of the Government : his action in the mutiny has been the subject of controversy : he issued, in May, a proclamation which was not entirely approved: the violence of the outbreak fell upon him without warning, and the forces at his disposal were inadequate to meet it. He was "worn out by the unceasing anxieties and labours of his charge"—so ran Lord Canning's notification of his death : he fell ill, became worse, and died in cantonments on Sep. 9, 1857 : and was buried in the fort at Agra. Sir Auckland Colvin, in his life of his father, J. R. Colvin, in the "Rulers of India" series, has exhausted the subject.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Combermere, Stapleton Cotton, first Viscount

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​COMBERMERE, STAPLETON COTTON, FIRST VISCOUNT (1773–1865)
Field-Marshal : son of Sir R. S. Cotton, fifth Baronet : M.P. : born Nov. 1773 : educated at Westminster, and at a private Military Academy in Bayswater : entered the Army in 1790, in the 23rd Fusiliers; served in Flanders : was Lt-Colonel of a Cavalry regt. at the Cape on his way to India, where he was engaged in 1799 against Tippoo, being at Malvalli and Seringapatam : returned to England, 1800 : was M.P. for Newark, 1806–14 : as Maj-General he commanded, first a Brigade in the Peninsula, from 1808, and later the whole cavalry Division : succeeded as Baronet in 1809 : was at Talavera and Salamanca : K.C.B. in 1812 : and at other engagements, including the Pyrenees campaign and Toulouse : was made Baron Combermere in May, 1814, and received a pension. He commanded the allied cavalry in France in 1815–6 : was Governor of Barbados 1817–20, and Commander-in-Chief in Ireland, 1822–5 : as C. in C. in India, 1825–1830, he besieged and took Bhartpur on Jan. 18, 1826, and was made Viscount in 1827 : Constable of the Tower, 1852 : Field-Marshal, 1855 : he was G.C.B. in 1815 : G.C.H. in 1817 : D.C.L. in 1830 : Privy Councillor, 1843 : K.C.S.I., 1861 : died Feb. 21, 1865.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Comyn, Sir Robert Buckley

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​COMYN, SIR ROBERT BUCKLEY (1792–1853)
Son of the Rev. Thomas Comyn : born Oct. 26, 1792 : educated at Merchant Taylors' School and St. John's College, Oxford : called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn in 1814 : appointed a Puisne Judge of the Calcutta Supreme Court in 1825 : knighted : Chief Justice of Madras from July I, 1835, until March 11, 1842 : D.C.L. Oxford : Bencher of the Middle Temple : died May 23, 1853. He wrote on legal and historical subjects.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Conolly, Arthur

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​CONOLLY, ARTHUR (1807–1842?)
Son of Valentine Conolly : born July 2, 1807 : educated at Rugby and Addiscombe : went to India in the same ship as Bishop Heber : joined the Bengal Cavalry, 1823 : at Bhartpur, 1826 : from leave in England e returned to India through Central Asia, via St. Petersburg, Tiflis, Teheran, Astrabad: nearly killed by the Turcomans on his way to Khiva : from Astrabad to Mashad, Herat, Kandahar, Sind : wrote an account of his journey : was in the Political Department in Rajputana, 1834–8 : Captain : made another journey via Vienna, Constantinople, Bagdad, Teheran and Herat : joined Macnaghten's Staff at Kabul, 1840 : in Sep. he was sent as Envoy to Khiva, via Merv, and to Khokand, and, on the invitation of the Amir Nasirulla of Bokhara, sent through Stoddart, went on there, but was treacherously imprisoned, in Oct. or Dec. 1841 : he and Stoddart were executed in captivity, probably on June 17, 1842. His few letters described their sufferings in their dungeon : his prayer-book, full of his writing, was delivered to his sister in London in 1862.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jones, Basset

​JONES, BASSET (fl. 1634–1659), physician and grammarian, born about 1616, was son of Richard Jones of Michaelston-super-Ely, Glamorganshire, by Jane, daughter of Thomas Basset of Miskin in the same county. He apparently entered Jesus College, Oxford, in 1634. Afterwards he travelled on the continent, studied physic and chemistry, and probably took a medical degree, as he is generally described as ‘doctor.’ After his return he published a Latin treatise entitled ‘Lapis Chymicus Philosophorum Examini subjectus,’ Oxford, 1648, 8vo. A shield with his arms and motto (‘Duw ar fy rhan’) appears on the title-page. He seems to have retired to Glamorganshire, for in 1650 he is mentioned in certain articles exhibited against Colonel Phillip Jones [q. v.] as being prepared to supply evidence against him. In 1653 he acted on behalf of his father as lessee of a part of the manor of Wrinston in the county of Glamorgan, and petitioned Oliver Cromwell for its recovery from Colonel Jones. A statement of the case was subsequently published under the title of ‘The Copy ​ of a Petition …,’ London, 1654, 4to. Jones owned land in Breconshire also, being lord of a part of the manor of Penkelly (Harleian MS. 6108, fol. 51). While in retirement he wrote a work on grammar, recommended as containing ‘much rationality’ by William Dugard [q. v.], head-master of the Merchant Taylors' School. Its title is ‘Hermæologium; or an Essay at the Rationality of the Art of Speaking, as a supplement to Lillie's Grammar, Philosophically, Mythologically, and Emblematically offered by B. J.,’ London, 1659, 8vo. In a Latin address at the end, signed ‘Basset Joanesius,’ the volume is dedicated to the master and professors of the university of Franeker in Holland, where probably he had previously been a student. He seems to have been author of an ‘englyn’ inscribed on a mural monument in the church of Michaelston-super-Ely to the memory of his father, who died 21 April 1658 (Archæologia Cambrensis for 1889, pp. 198–213).
[Wood's Athenæ Oxon. iii. 491; Clark's Genealogies of Glamorgan, p. 120; Grant-Francis's Charters of Swansea, pp. 171, 181; copy of Petition, ut supra.]
D. Ll. T.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jones, Charlotte

​JONES, CHARLOTTE (1768–1847), miniature portrait-painter, was born in 1768. She was one of a family who migrated from Wales into Norfolk about 1680, and settled near the north coast of that county. On the death of her father, Thomas Jones of Cley, she moved to London, where she adopted miniature-painting as a profession. She was a pupil of Richard Cosway [q. v.], and her portraits are noted for a somewhat richer colouring than was then usual. She exhibited at the Royal Academy rooms in Somerset House from 1801 to 1823 inclusive, but some of her best miniatures, as those of the Prince Regent, Lady Caroline Lamb, and eight of the Princess Charlotte, were not shown. A portrait of Prince William of Gloucester was the first that appeared at the Royal Academy exhibitions, and it was followed by forty examples of her paintings during the twenty-two years she practised her art. In 1808, by the sanction of Queen Charlotte and the Prince Regent, she was appointed ‘miniature-painter to the Princess Charlotte of Wales,’ and she is chiefly known by the series of miniatures of that princess, executed from the life, which illustrate each successive period of her history, from infancy to marriage. These portraits, twelve in number, Charlotte Jones called ‘The Princess Charlotte from her cradle to her grave,’ and collected them into a triptych case, where they are still preserved at Cranmer Hall, Norfolk, the seat of Sir Lawrence Jones, bart.
Charlotte Jones survived for many years ​the favourite subject of her pencil. She suffered in her later years from a partial loss of eyesight, and died in Upper Gloucester Place, London, on 21 Sept. 1847, in her eightieth year.
[An account of Charlotte Jones is given in the Princess Charlotte of Wales, a monograph, by the present writer, 1885.]
C. R. J.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jones, David (1735-1810)

Date of birth 1736 in the ODNB.
​JONES, DAVID (1735–1810), Welsh revivalist, born in 1735 at Abergeiliog in the parish of Llanllwni, Carmarthenshire, was educated at Carmarthen. He was ordained in 1758, and was curate, first of Llanafan Fawr, Brecknockshire, and then of Tydweiliog, Carnarvonshire, removing in 1760 to the curacy of Trefethin and Caldicott, Monmouthshire, where he first manifested his religious fervour. He subsequently held a curacy near Bristol and another in Wiltshire, where he made the acquaintance of Selina Hastings, countess of Huntingdon [q. v.], through whose recommendation he was, in 1768, made vicar of Llangan, Glamorganshire. In 1794 he removed to Maenornawan in Pembrokeshire, where he remained till his death in August 1810.
Soon after he was settled at Llangan, Jones threw in his lot with the evangelical party in South Wales, of which Daniel Rowlands of Llangeitho might be said to be the leader, and became a regular attendant at the Welsh Methodist ‘Association,’ which had been founded with Whitefield's aid in 1742. He frequently visited Lady Huntingdon's college at Trevecca, and was a constant preacher at her chapels, particularly at that in Spa Fields, where on her death in 1791 he preached a funeral sermon (London, 1791, 8vo). Many complaints were made against him to Dr. Barrington and Dr. Watson, successive bishops of Llandaff, for his irregularity in preaching, both outside the limits of his own parish and in unconsecrated places; but he was not deprived of his living, like Rowlands and other clergymen, even though he became the virtual leader of the movement after Rowlands's death in 1790. He was strongly opposed to the separation of the methodists from the church of England, and succeeded in defeating a proposal to that effect at a meeting of the ‘Association’ over which he presided at Llangeitho in 1809, but after his death during the following year the separation was effected.
Jones occupied a unique position among the Welsh preachers of his day; his amiable and cheerful countenance, his sweet and musical voice soothed hearers who had often been driven nearly frantic by the violent oratory of other revivalists. Only two of his sermons were published—‘The Funeral Sermon of the Countess of Huntingdon’ (vide supra) and ‘A Sermon preached at the Second Annual Meeting of the London ​Missionary Society’ in May 1796. The latter was included in the first volume of ‘Missionary Sermons’ (London, 1796, 8vo), published by the London Missionary Society, of which Jones was an original supporter; a Welsh translation of it appeared in ‘Lleuad yr Oes,’ ii. 87 sqq. He was the author of several popular hymns in Welsh, some of which were published in ‘Y Drysorfa’ for 1862 (pp. 300 sq.)
[J. T. Jones's Geiriadur Bywgraffyddol, i. 650; Foulkes's Enwogion Cymru, pp. 575–9; Hughes's Hanes Methodistiaeth Cymru, pp. 359, 446, 451–4; Cofiant John Jones, Talysarn, pp. 809–13; Life of the Countess of Huntingdon, ii. 118, 501, 504.]
D. Ll. T.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jones, David (1765-1816)

​JONES, DAVID (1765–1816), barrister, best known as ‘the Welsh Freeholder’, born in 1765, was the only son of John Jones of Bwlchygwynt, near Llandovery, Carmarthenshire, where his father farmed his own freehold. He was a relative of John Jones (1766?–1827) [q. v.], unitarian critic. He received his early education at Pencader and Abergavenny, and in 1783 entered Homerton College, London, with the view of preparing for the ministry among the Calvinistic dissenters, but, adopting unitarian views, removed to Hackney College. There he became tutor and lecturer in experimental philosophy until, in October 1792, he took charge of the New Meeting congregation at Birmingham, as successor to Dr. Priestley, who had recommended him for the post. During his ministry there he delivered in 1794–5 ‘some admirable courses of lectures on the philosophy of the human mind, as connected with education, the theory of morals, and also on history.’ Turning to the study of the law, he was admitted a student of Lincoln's Inn on 1 May 1795, was called to the bar on 26 June 1800, and practised chiefly as a chancery barrister, but attached himself as well to the Oxford and South Wales circuits. He also became a member of Caius College, Cambridge, graduating B.A. in 1800 and M.A. in 1803. He died in 1816.
Jones made a spirited defence of unitarianism against the attacks of Bishop Samuel Horsley [q. v.] in the following works, written under the name of ‘The Welsh Freeholder:’ 1. ‘A Letter to the [Bishop] on the Charge he lately delivered,’ London, 1790, 8vo, which evoked ‘An Answer … by a Clergyman of the Diocese of St. Davids,’ London, 1750, 8vo; and Jones's rejoinder in 2. ‘The Welsh Freeholder's Vindication of his Letter,’ &c., London, 1791, 8vo. 3. ‘Reasons for Unitarianism, or the Primitive Christian Doctrine,’ London, 1792. 4. ‘The Welsh Freeholder's Farewell Epistles to the Bishop (lately of St. Davids), now of Rochester,’ London, 1794, 8vo.
Jones also published, among other tracts, under his own name: 5. ‘Thoughts on the Riots at Birmingham,’ Bath, 1791, 8vo, being an enlarged reprint of an anonymous letter written by him in the ‘Morning Chronicle,’ and republished without his authority both at Maidstone and Birmingham. 6. ‘The Nature and Duties of the Office of a Minister of Religion,’ Birmingham, 1792, 8vo. ‘The Revolution in France and the Progress of Liberty, considered in connection with our idea of Providence and of the Improvement of Human Affairs’ (see advertisement in ‘The Nature and Duties,’ &c.), announced by Jones in 1816, is not known to have been published.
D. Ll. T.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jones, Avonia

​JONES, AVONIA (1839?–1867), actress, daughter of George, count Joannes, and his wife, Mrs. Melinda Jones, was born at 43 Barrow Street, subsequently Washington Place West, New York. Her first appearance on the stage took place in 1856 at Cincinnati, for the benefit of E. L. Davenport, when she appeared as Parthenia in ‘Ingomar.’ She visited England twice if not thrice between 1862 and 1867, and made her first appearance in London at Drury Lane as Medea in an adaptation from the French of M. Legouvé. She was then announced as from Australia. In 1862–3 she was at the Adelphi, where she took the character of Janet Pride in Boucicault's play of that name, and appeared in August 1862 as Adrienne Lecouvreur. At the Surrey in 1865 she played Lady Isabel in ‘East Lynne.’ Leah and the heroine of an adaptation of Charles Reade's ‘Griffith Gaunt’ were played by her in the course of an English engagement which included Manchester and other country towns. She was in Dublin in October 1866. In Manchester she appeared as Leah within three months of her death. She married Gustavus Vaughan Brooke [q. v.], whom she met at Drury Lane and probably in Australia. She died in New York on 6 Oct. 1867, and was buried in Mount Auburn cemetery, Boston. Pleasing in face and figure, she was a moderate and rather statuesque actress, with a musical voice and some tragic capacity marred by a tendency to declamation.
[Personal recollections; Literary Gazette for 1862–3; Morley's Journal of a London Playgoer; Era Almanack, various years; History of the Theatre Royal, Dublin; New York Clipper, 26 Oct. 1867, quoted in Era newspaper, 16 Nov. 1867; information supplied to the American press by her father.]
J. K.