OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Hauderer

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Hauderer. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Hauderer, masculine, Modern High German only, from the equivalent Dutch stalhouder, literally Stallhalter, ‘jobmaster’ (in Middle German Geschirrhalter, also Posthalter); Dutch houden is Modern High German halten.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Haspe

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Haspe. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Haspe, Häspe, feminine, ‘hasp, clamp, hinge,’ from Middle High German haspe, hespe, feminine, ‘hinge of a door; windle’ (with the variant hispe, feminine, ‘clasp’), Old High German haspa, ‘a reel of yarn’; compare Old Icelandic hespa, feminine, ‘hank, skein of wool; bolt of a door’; English hasp, Middle English haspe, ‘bolt, wollen yarn,’ so too Anglo-Saxon hœsp, hœps, heps, feminine. The double sense ‘door bolt, door look, and hasp,’ seems Old Teutonic; as a technical term in weaving, this word, like Rocken, found its way into Romance (Italian aspo, Old French hasple); see also Kunkel. Whether the two meanings have been developed from one, or whether two distinct words have been combined, is uncertain, since we have no etymological data.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Haspel

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Haspel. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Haspel, masculine, from the equivalent Middle High German haspel, masculine, Old High German haspil, masculine, ‘reel, windle'; a derivative of Haspe.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Haube

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Haube. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Haube, feminine, ‘hood, cap (woman's), crest, tuft,’ from Middle High German hûbe, Old High German hûba, feminine, ‘covering for the head worn by men (Middle High German, especially by soldiers, ‘peaked helmet, steel-cap’) and women’; compare Anglo-Saxon hûfe, in a special sense ‘mitre’; Scandinavian húfa, feminine, ‘cap, hood.’ The cognates are connected by gradation with Haupt (Aryan root kū̆p).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Haufe

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Haufe. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Haufe, masculine, ‘heap, pile, mass,’ from Middle High German hûfe, houfe, masculine, hûf, houf, masculine, ‘heap, troop,’ Old High German hûfo, houf, masculine, ‘heap, troop’; compare Old Saxon hôp, Dutch hoop, Anglo-Saxon heáp, masculine, English heap; Scandinavian hópr, ‘troop,’ is borrowed from Low German; Gothic *haups, *hûpa are wanting; these words, which belong to the same root, are evidently related by gradation (compare Old High German hûba, ‘hood,’ allied to Old High German houbit, ‘head’). Probably related to Old Slovenian kupŭ (Gothic *haupa-), masculine, ‘heap,’ Lithuanian kaúpas, ‘heap,’ kuprà, ‘hump’ (Lettic kupt, ‘to form into a ball’), although the correspondence of Slavonic p to Low German and English p is not normal; Slavonic p is mostly f or b in Low German and Gothic. Since Gothic p indicates pre-Teutonic b, the word may be connected also with Latin incubo, ‘the treasure demon who lies on the hoard, nightmare.’ Others compare it to Lithuanian kugis, ‘heap.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Hast

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Hast. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Hast, feminine, ‘haste, hurry,’ Modern High German simply; ​a Middle German and Low German word; compare Middle Dutch haas, feminine, Middle English haste, English haste; borrowed from Old French haste, hâte (compare Italian astivamente), which again correspond to the Old Teutonic cognates of Modern High German heftig; compare Old High German heisti, Anglo-Saxon hœ̂ste, ‘violent’ (Gothic haifsts, ‘dispute’).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Hatschier

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Hatschier. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Hatschier, masculine, ‘imperial horseguard,’ first occurs in early Modern High German, borrowed from Italian arciere (French archer), ‘archer.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Haue

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Haue. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Haue, feminine, ‘hoe, mattock, pickaxe,’ from Middle High German houwe, Old High German houwa, feminine, ‘hatchet.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Hatz

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Hatz. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Hatz, ‘baiting, chase’; compare hetzen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/rechnen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/rechnen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ rechnen, vb., ‘to reckon, estimate, deem,’ from MidHG. rëchennen, OHG. rëhhanôn, ‘to count, reckon, render an account’ (ë is proved by modern dials.). The assumed Goth. *rikanôn, which is also implied by AS. rëconian, E. to reckon, and likewise the equiv. LG. and Du. rekenen, is abnormally represented by the strange word rahnjan. The West Teut. *rëkanôn is connected, probably in the sense of ‘to compute, collect’ (comp. the meanings of lesen), with the root rak, ‘to collect’ (see Rechen), to which AS. ręččan (from rakjan), ‘to count up, compute, arrange,’ and AS. racu, OSax. raka, OIc. rahha, f., ‘speech, account, affair,’ also belong; so too geruhen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/redlich

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/redlich | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ redlich, adj., ‘honest, candid,’ from MidHG. rędelîch, ‘eloquent, intelligent, upright, sturdy,’ OHG. rędilîh, ‘intelligent’; allied to OHG. rędia, MidHG. ręde, ‘understanding, account.’ See Rede.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/recht

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/recht | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ recht, adj., ‘right, just,’ from MidHG. and OHG. rëht, adj., ‘straight, right, just, correct’; common Teut. rehta-, with equiv. meaning in all the dials., Goth. raihts, OIc. réttr, AS. riht, E. right, Du. regt, OSax. reht. Lat. rectus, Zend. rā̆́šta, ‘straight, right, correct,’ are also primit. allied. This adj., which has a particip. ending to-, is usually considered to be orig. a partic. of the root rē̆́g, ‘to direct,’ in Lat. regere; with this is also connected Sans. rjú, ‘straight, correct, just,’ superlat. rájišṭha, whereby the Aryan root rē̆́g is authenticated. — In the sense of ‘to or on the right’ (the antithesis of links, ‘to or on the left’), the adj. rarely occurs in MidHG., since in the earlier period an adj. primit. allied to Lat. dexter was used (comp. Goth. taíhswa-, OHG. zëso, MidHG. zëse, ‘to or on the right’). —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/reffen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/reffen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ reffen, vb., ‘to hatchel hemp or flax,’ from MidHG. reffen (a variant of raffen), ‘to tug, pluck.’ The ModHG. sense is probably based on a LG. word. Comp. Du. repel, ‘breaking flax,’ repelen, ‘to break flax,’ E. ripple, ‘hatchel.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/rege

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/rege | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ rege, adj., ‘astir, lively, active,’ ModHG. only; see regen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/recken

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/recken | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ recken, vb., ‘to stretch, rack, reach forth,’ from MidHG. ręcken, OHG. ręcchen, ‘to stretch out, extend,’ corresponding to Du. rekken, ‘to stretch out,’ whence E. to rack is borrowed, Goth. uf-rakjan, ‘to stretch out,’ to which Goth. rahtôn, ‘to proffer.’ From Teut. is derived Ital. recare, ‘to bring.’ The assumed direct connection between the common Teut. vb. and Goth. rikan, ‘to collect,’ lit. ‘to scrape together,’ must on account of the meaning be abandoned in favour of its relation to Lith. rążau, rążyti, ‘to stretch,’ Lat. por-rigo, ‘I stretch,’ and Gr. ὀρέγειν, ‘to stretch.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/reden

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/reden | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ reden, vb., ‘to speak, talk, converse,’ from the equiv. MidHG. ręden, OHG. rędiôn, rędôn, also OHG. rędinôn, just as in the case of OHG. rędia the equiv. variant rędina occurs (comp. OSax. ręðion, ‘to speak’); from this OHG. rędinôn, is derived OHG. rędinâri, MidHG. rędenœre, ModHG. Redner, ‘orator.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/rechtfertigen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/rechtfertigen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ rechtfertigen, vb., ‘to justify, vindicate,’ from MidHG. rëht-vertigen, ‘to put into a right state, mend, justify.’ Allied to MidHG. rëhtvęrtîc, ‘just, upright.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/regen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/regen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ regen, vb., ‘to stir up, move, excite,’ from MidHG. ręgen, ‘to cause to project, set up, excite, move, awaken,’ a factitive of MidHG. rëgen, ‘to rise, tower,’ hence primit. allied to ragen. Akin also to MidHG. rœhe, ‘rigid, stiff.’ The Teut. root rag, rē̆h, of these cognates has not yet been found in the allied languages. See rege.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/reiben

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/reiben | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ reiben, vb., ‘to rub, scratch, scour,’ from the equiv. MidHG. rîben, OHG. rîban, for an older *wrîban, whence Fr. riper, ‘to scrape’; comp. LG. wrîven, Du. wrijven, ‘to rub.’ The Teut. root wrī̆b has not yet been found in the other Aryan languages.
# Anthology of Japanese Literature/Ryōjin Hishō

Layout 2
​RYŌJIN HISHŌ
During the middle and late Heian Period a new verse form came to be widely used, especially in connection with popular religious movements. This was the imayō or “modern-style,” which generally consisted of four lines, each containg 7, 5 syllables. Most of the poems in the “Ryōjin Hishō” are in this form, although there are many variations. The “Ryōjin Hishō” is an anthology, originally in twenty books, of which only a small part still survives. It was compiled over a period of many years by the Emperor Goshirakawa (1127-1192), being finally completed in 1179. The surviving poems are of three binds: Buddhist hymns, songs about Shinto shrines and festivals, and folk songs. The folk songs are by far the most interesting; the following translations are all of this type.
May he that bade me trust him, but did not come, Turn into a demon with three horns on his head, That all men fly from him! May he become a bird of the waterfields Where frost, snow, and hail fall, That his feet may be frozen to ice! Oh, may he become a weed afloat on the pond! May he tremble as he walks with the trembling of the hare, with the trembling of the doe!
When I look at my lovely lady, “Oh that I might become a clinging vine,” I yearn,
“That from toe to tip I might be twined about her.” Then though they should cut, though they should carve— Inseparable our lots!
Things that bend in the wind— The tall branches of pine-tree tops, Or the little twigs of bamboos, Boats that run with spread sails on the sea, Floating clouds in the sky, And in the fields the flowering susuki.
For sport and play I think that we are born. For when I hear The voice of children at their play, My limbs, even my Stiff limbs, are stirred.
Dance, dance, Mr. Snail! If you won’t I shall leave you For the little horse, For the little ox To tread under his hoof, To trample to bits. But if quite prettily You dance your dance, To a garden of flowers I will carry you to play.
Oh gods almighty! If gods indeed you are, Take pity on me; For even the gods were once Such men as we.
TRANSLATED BY ARTHUR WALEY
# Anthology of Japanese Literature/Plan of the Nō Stage

Layout 2
​Plan of the Nō Stage
| A | Main Stage (Butai) |
| B | Rear Stage (Atoza) |
| C | Bridge (Hashigakari) |
| D | Curtain (Maku) |
| E | Mirror Room (Kagami-no-ma) |
| F | Shite’s Pillar (Shite-bashira) |
| G | Facing Pillar (Metsuke-bashira) |
| H | Waki’s Pillar (Waki-bashira) |
| I | Flute Pillar (Fue-bashira) |
| J | Stage Attendant’s Pillar (Kōken-bashira) |
| K | Name-Saying Seat (Nanoriza) |
| L | Kyōgen’s Seat (Kyōgen-za) |
| M | Chorus (Ji-utai) |
| N | Drummer (Taiko-kata) |
| O | Drummers (Tsuzumi-kata) |
| P | Flute Player (Fue-kata) |
| Q | Pine Trees (Matsu-no-ki) |
| R | Hurry Door (Kirido-guchi) |
| S | Steps to Audience (Shirasu-bashigo) |
* Shite: the protagonist, who usually makes two appearances, often the second time as a ghost.
* Waki: the deuteragonist, often an itinerant monk.
* Tsure: a companion of either the shite or waki.
# Anthology of Japanese Literature/Poems in Chinese by Buddhist Monks

Layout 2
​Poems in Chinese
by Buddhist Monks
When the Japanese Zen priest Mugaku Sogen (1226–1286) was in China and threatened by invading Mongol troops, he composed a four-line poem. Years later another Zen priest, Sesson Yūbai (1290–1347), when he was in prison and threatened with death, took Mugaku’s poem and, using each line as the opening verse of a new poem, composed the following:
Through all Heaven and Earth, no ground to plant my single staff; Yet is there a place to hide this body where no trace may be found. At midnight will the wooden man mount his steed of stone To crash down ten thousand walls of encircling iron.
In the nothingness of man I delight, and of all being, A thousand worlds complete in my little cage. I forget sin, demolish my heart, and in enlightenment rejoice; Who tells me that the fallen suffer in Hell’s bonds?
Awful is the three-foot sword of the Great Yüan, Sparkling with cold frost over ten thousand miles. Though the skull be dry, these eyes shall see again. Flawless is my white gem, priceless as a kingdom.
Like lightning it flashes through the shadows, severing the spring wind; The God of Nothingness bleeds crimson, streaming. I tremble at the soaring heights of Mount Sumera; I will dive, I will leap into the stem of the lotus.
Sesson Yūbai
​Song of idleness
I lay sick by the low window, propped on a crooked bed, And thought how orderly the universe is. A white bird flew across the dark sky; And my mind rolled forth ten thousand feet.
Kokan (1278–1346)
To a monk departing on a trading mission to China
Judge for yourself if the weather be hot or cold; A fellow must not be cheated by others. And see that you take not Japan’s good gold And barter it off for Chinese brass!
Daichi (1290–1366)
To a Korean friend
The old man of the village suddenly called us back To drink three cups beneath the crooked mulberry. Mankind is small but this drunkenness wide and great— Where now is Japan, where your Korea?
Mugan (died 1374)
Mountain temple
I have locked the gate on a thousand peaks To live here with clouds and birds. All day I watch the hills As clear winds fill the bamboo door. A supper of pine flowers, Monk’s robes of chestnut dye— What dream does the world hold To lure me from these dark slopes?
Zekkai (1336–1405) Translated by Burton Watson
* ↑ Yüan was the name taken by the Mongols for their dynasty.
* ↑ The central mountain of the Buddhist universe.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/bausen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry bausen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ bausen, verb, ‘to carouse, swell,’ from Baus, bûs, ‘inflation, swelling due ​to repletion’; the like stem also in English to bouse, Middle Low German bûsen, ‘to carouse’?.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/barsch

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry barsch. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ barsch, adjective, ‘rough, rude,’ a modern word, appearing also in Dutch (barsch) and Swedish (barsk), but foreign to the Upper German dialects. It is not found in Old Teutonic. In Swiss dialects the term is baröösch (with the accent on the second syllable), in which perhaps the base of barsch is preserved; Italian brusco (French brusque) may be connected with it. In Swiss occurs also barš in the phrase barš gâ, ‘to go alone’; it also means ‘without a hat, a coat.’ Both significations point to its derivative from bar. Yet barsch may have originated in the Teutonic root bars, ‘to be ​bristly, rough,’ mentioned under the preceding word, especially as Dutch barsch means literally ‘rough.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/bauchen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry bauchen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ bauchen, verb, ‘to steep in hot lye’ (Low German büken, Middle Low German bûken), from the equivalent Middle High German bûchen, Old High German *bûhhên; English to buck (dialectic to bouk), for which even a Middle English term bouken occurs a few times, points to Anglo-Saxon *bûcian; to these Swedish byka, Icelandic bauka, and Norwegian boykja, are allied. The word is, moreover, diffused through most of the Teutonic languages, and correctly represents Middle High German bûchen; only in the Bavarian dialect is the word unrecorded. Hence the existence of a Teutonic verbal root bûk (to which Anglo-Saxon bûc, ‘pail,’ is allied?) is undoubted, and the Romance cognate, French buer (Italian bucare), ‘to wash,’ is more probably borrowed from the Teutonic than vice versâ. The Keltic origin of bauchen (Breton boukat, ‘to soften’) is impossible.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/baxen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry baxen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ baxen, verb, ‘to box, cuff,’ from Low German bâxen, which is again allied to Old High German bâgan, Middle High German bâgen. See bägern and Bengel.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/be-

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry be-. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ be-, prefix from Middle High German be, properly a verbal prefix from Old High German and Gothic bi, which has no definite meaning; identical with the preposition bei, from Old High German and Middle High German bî (Gothic bi), Anglo-Saxon bî, English by. For be there appears a shorter syncopated form in bange, Erbarmen? barsch? bleiben, Block. See specially bei.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/bange

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry bange. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ bange, adjective and adverb, ‘anxious(ly), uneasy, uneasily,’ from Middle High German and Middle Low German bange, adverb, ‘anxiously,’ and substantive ‘anxiety, care.’ The root is ange, which further appears in Angst; as enge is the corresponding adjective, bange can only be based on the Middle High German adverb ange, Old High German ango, the adverb afterwards becoming an adjective. The b ​has arisen from the unaccented prefix be (bî), as g in glauben, grade, from ge. See barmherzig, bleiben.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/barmherzig

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry barmherzig. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ barmherzig, adjective, ‘compassionate,’ from the equivalent Middle High German barmherzic; related to Modern High German and Middle High German erbarmen, Old High German barmên. This stem has been connected with a Teutonic word barm, ‘bosom’ (English barm, from Anglo-Saxon bearm, Gothic barms, Old High German and Old Low German barm, Middle High German barm, masculine); hence erbarmen means literally ‘to cherish in one‘s bosom, press to one‘s heart.’ Perhaps the equivalent Gothic arman, ‘to move to pity,’ and armaiô, ‘compassion,’ stand in a similar relation to Arm, the literal meaning of the verb being ‘to take in one‘s arms, cherish.’ Others, however, are of opinion that erbarmen contains a b derived from bi (like bange, derived from bi-ange), so that it would be more akin to Gothic arman. But in that case either a secondary meaning, ‘misericors,’ in addition to ‘miser,’ must be assumed for Teutonic arm, for which there is no support; or we must regard it as an imitation of a Latin-Christ. term, Gothic arman, from arms, like Latin misereri, from miser; indeed Old High German armherzi, ‘misericors,’ and irbarmherzida (Gothic armahaírtiþa), ‘misericordia,’ render it certain that Christianity coined the words to express a Latin-Christ. idea; compare Demut, Gnade, &c.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/bauen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry bauen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ bauen, verb, ‘to build, construct, cultivate,’ from Middle High German bûwen, Old High German and Old Low German bûan (weak verb with traces of a strong inflexion), ‘to dwell, inhabit, till, plant’; with regard to the meaning ‘to dwell,’ compare Bau, Bauer, and Bude. To the Old High German bûan corresponds Gothic bauan, ‘to dwell, inhabit.’ The root, in accordance with the law of the permutation of consonants, is pre-Teutonic bhû, which, on comparison with Sanscrit bhû, Greek φύω, Latin fui (futurus), &c., must mean ‘to be, become, arise, beget.’ With the same root are connected the following nouns, which are of importance in determining its primary sense: Old Indian bhûmis, ‘earth,’ bhûtis, ‘existence,’ φῦμα, ‘produce’ (compare also Baum), φύσις, ‘nature,’ φῦλον, φυλή, ‘tribe, race.’