OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Hydrate

See also Hydrate on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​HYDRATE, in chemistry, a compound containing the elements of water in combination; more specifically, a compound containing the monovalent hydroxyl or OH group. The first and more general definition includes substances containing water of crystallization; such salts are said to be hydrated, and when deprived of their water to be dehydrated or anhydrous. Compounds embraced by the second definition are more usually termed hydroxides, since at one time they were regarded as combinations of an oxide with water, for example, calcium oxide or lime when slaked with water yielded calcium hydroxide, written formerly as CaO·H$_2$0. The general formulae of hydroxides are: M$^i$OH, M$^{ii}$(OH)$_2$, M$^{iii}$(OH)$_3$, M$^{iv}$(OH)$_4$, &c., corresponding to the oxides M$_2$$^i$O, M$^{ii}$O, M$_2$$^{iii}$O$_3$, M$^{iv}$O$_2$, &c., the Roman index denoting the valency of the element. There is an important difference between non-metallic and metallic hydroxides; the former are invariably acids (oxyacids), the latter are more usually basic, although acidic metallic oxides yield acidic hydroxides. Elements exhibiting strong basigenic or oxygenic characters yield the most stable hydroxides; in other words, stable hydroxides are associated with elements belonging to the extreme groups of the periodic system, and unstable hydroxides with the central members. The most stable basic hydroxides are those of the alkali metals, viz. lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium and caesium, and of the alkaline earth metals, viz. calcium, barium and strontium; the most stable acidic hydroxides are those of the elements placed in groups VB, VIB and VIIB of the periodic table.
# The Arts/Volume 1/Issue 2/Questions About Paints and Painting

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QUESTIONS ABOUT PAINTS AND PAINTING
To the Editor:
In some recent painting I endeavored to take every precaution that the lighter portions of the painting should remain light. Because of the necessity of glazing the lighter portions I was especially careful in my use of linseed oil. I allowed it to clarify, placing its glass container for days where it would receive the direct rays from the sun. Notwithstanding these precautions the painting darkened very much in a comparatively short time after the picture was completed. Can you give me any information on the subject?
Constant Van de Wall.
Clarified linseed oil is a very poor medium for mixing paints. The theory that oil which is clarified is better as a medium than that which has not, is utterly fallacious. In Concarneau over twenty years ago there was an English painter with a mania for clarifying linseed oil. His studio windows faced the sea and rows of bottles were stretched across the window ledge, each containing linseed oil. The story got abroad that the painter was an English spy and that through the positions of the bottles on the shelf he communicated with English boats in the offing.
Clarified linseed oil is not a fit medium for painting because when the oil is placed in the dark it turns brown. Now all the oil of a finished painting under the outermost layer of paint is relatively in the dark. If you have used a clarified oil it has darkened since you painted it and the darkened underpainting will influence the whole picture. Even the surface of the painting exposed to the light of an ordinary room is in a far darker position than was the bottle standing exposed to the direct rays of the sun. Therefore the surface, if you mixed your paints with clarified oil, will have darkened. Suppose you had painted with an oil which has been for a long time in a dark corner. The oil would not tend to turn brown for it had already turned brown before you used it. Use oil which has been kept in a dark corner. Poppy oil is less sensitive to change of lighting than linseed oil. Blockx advised its use when painting in a very light key.
As a medium an oil which has been exposed to sunlight and to the air is preferable to any other. Through desiccation linseed oil becomes viscous when so exposed. It cannot be used without being thinned with an essential oil, turpentine, oil of spike, petroleum. When used to thin pigments such a medium does not dry in as does ordinary linseed oil. The outer surface remains relatively glossy and far less medium need be used in the overpainting. Winsor & Newton have made an admirable series of oil mediums using as the basis oils which have been exposed to sunlight and to the air.
# The Arts/Volume 1/Issue 2/Is It a Whistler?

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PAINTING SIGNED "WHISTLER, 1859"
IS IT A WHISTLER?
THIS reproduction is of a painting recently exhibited by a dealer, M. Fiquet, in Paris which has been supposed to be by Whistler and which was reproduced in Duret's book on Whistler. The story told by two artists, Sassy and Bebin, is that about twenty years ago they painted still-lifes in the same room from the same subject. Sassy sold his shortly after. Bebin served in the war and after the war had an exhibition in Toulouse. There he sold the still-life he painted at the same time as Sassy. The purchaser compared the painting with the reproduction in Duret's book and indignantly protested against Bebin's having sold him a copy of a Whistler. Sassy and Bebin looked it up and there, in Duret's book, was Sassy's still-life.
The painting is a beautiful thing, whoever made it. If it is Sassy's workmanship he should have others in the same manner and his future would seem to be one of great promise. There is one thing which Bebin and Sassy must yet explain. As they sat together painting they presumably did not sit in the same chair. And if they did not they would paint the subject from different points of vision. The resulting pictures would have been so unlike that the purchaser in Toulouse would not have thought one was a copy of the other.
# The Arts/Volume 1/Issue 2/Advertisements

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The MILCH GALLERIES American Paintings and Sculpture
108 West 57th Street :: :: :: New York City
FRENCH & CO.
Antique Tapestries, Furniture, Textiles and Decoration
6 EAST 56TH STREET NEW YORK
Hand Carved FRAMES of Highest Quality
ROBERT LAURENT 106 Columbia Heights Brooklyn
Established 1852 by John Snedecor
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Fine American Paintings
Western Paintings
Distinctive Framing
19 EAST FORTY NINTH STREET
EXHIBITION OF ETCHINGS—By Kasimir
Comprising Views of
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The Most Notable Kasimir Collection Ever Shown in New York
KASIMIR EXHIBITION
HANFSTAENGL GALLERIES, 153 West 57th Street, New York
PAINTINGS OF CHINA by FREDERIC CLAY BARTLETT
SCULPTURE by JANET SCUDDER
EXHIBITION through JANUARY
MONTROSS GALLERY 550 FIFTH AVENUE above 45th St.
NEW YORK
ADELINE GENÉE ETCHINGS THAT DANCE By TROY KINNEY KENNEDY & CO., 613 Fifth Avenne, N. Y.
# Enchiridion (Epictetus)

* related portals: Ancient and Classical texts
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, quotes, textbook, Wikidata item
Said to have been compiled by Arrian in the early 2nd century from the Discourses of Epictetus. Also known as the Encheiridion, Manual, or Handbook.
English-language translations of Enchiridion include:
* The Manuell of Epictetus, trans. by James Sandford (1567)
* Epictetus his Manuall and Cebes his Table, trans. by John Healey (1610)
* The Life and Philosophy of Epictetus, trans. by John Davies (1670)
* Epicteti Enchiridion. The morals of Epictetus made English, in a poetical paraphrase, trans. by Ellis Walker (1692)
* Epictetus his Morals, with Simplicius his Comment, trans. by George Stanhope (1694) (transcription project)
* Epictetus his Morals: Done from the Original Greek, by a Doctor of Physick, trans. by Anonymous (1702)
* The Porch and Academy Opened; Or, Epictetus's Manual Newly Turn'd Into Verse with Notes, trans. by "J. W." (1707)
* The Enchiridion of Epictetus, trans. by Mary Wortley Montagu (1710). First published in her collected Works, vol. 1, (1803)
* The Manual of Epictetus, the philosopher, translated by a "Person of Quality", published by William Bond (1730)
* The Manual of Epictetus's Morals, trans. by Timothy Thomas (1743). Manuscript only.
* The Enchiridion, or Manual, of Epictetus, trans. by Elizabeth Carter (1759)
* The Meditations of Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, with the Manual of Epictetus trans. by Henry McCormac (1844)
* The Enchiridion, or Manual, trans. by Thomas Wentworth Higginson (1865)
* Ancient Philosophy; Or the Enchiridion of Epictetus, and Chrusa Epe of Pythagoras, trans. by Thomas Talbot (1872) (transcription project)
* The Encheiridion or Manual, translated by George Long (1877)
* The Encheiridion of Epictetus, trans. by T. W. H. Rolleston (1881)
* Manual of Epictetus, trans. by Percy Ewing Matheson (1916)
* The Encheiridion, or Manual, translated by William Abbott Oldfather (1928)
This work was published before January 1, 1930, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The Science of Memory Fully Expounded/Chapter 4

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# Jersey Journal/1904/04/04/Creedon

Nora Creedon (1829-1904) funeral notice in the Jersey Journal on January 31, 1950.
Creedon — on Saturday, April 2, 1904, Nora, beloved daughter of the late Jeremiah and Johanna Creedon and sister of Mrs. Catherine Finn of Mills Street, Cork, Ireland. Funeral from St. Joseph's Home for the Aged, on West Fifteenth Street, New York City, Interment at Hudson County, New Jersey, Catholic Cemetery.
This work is ineligible for copyright and therefore in the public domain, because it consists entirely of information that is common property and contains no original authorship.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Jersey Journal/1904/04/04/Creedon

Nora Creedon (1829-1904) funeral notice in the Jersey Journal on January 31, 1950.
Creedon — On Saturday, April 2, 1904, Nora, beloved daughter of the late Jeremiah and Johanna Creedon and sister of Mrs. Catherine Finn of Mills Street, Cork, Ireland. Funeral from St. Joseph's Home for the Aged, on West Fifteenth Street, New York City, Interment at Hudson County, New Jersey, Catholic Cemetery.
This work is ineligible for copyright and therefore in the public domain, because it consists entirely of information that is common property and contains no original authorship.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The Science of Memory Fully Expounded/Chapter 8

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# The Science of Memory Fully Expounded/Appendix

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# Jersey Journal/1904/04/04/Creedon

* related portals: Nora Creedon, Jeremiah Creedon, Johanna Noonan, Catherine Creedon
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Wikidata item
Nora Creedon (1829-1904) funeral notice in the Jersey Journal on April 4, 1904. This document shows that the Creedon family of Jersey City, New Jersey originated in Millstreet, County Cork, Ireland.
Creedon — On Saturday, April 2, 1904, Nora, beloved daughter of the late Jeremiah and Johanna Creedon and sister of Mrs. Catherine Finn of Mills Street, Cork, Ireland. Funeral from St. Joseph's Home for the Aged, on West Fifteenth Street, New York City, Interment at Hudson County, New Jersey, Catholic Cemetery.
This work is ineligible for copyright and therefore in the public domain, because it consists entirely of information that is common property and contains no original authorship.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Ancient India as described by Megasthenês and Arrian/Frag. LVII.

Fragm. LVII.
Polyæn. Strateg. I. 1. 1-8.
Of Dionysos.
(Cf. Epit. 25 et seq.)
Dionysos, in his expedition against the Indians, in order that the cities might receive him willingly, disguised the arms with which he had equipped his troops, and made them wear soft raiment and fawn-skins. The spears were wrapped round with ivy, and the thyrsus had a sharp point. He gave the signal for battle by cymbals and drums instead of the trumpet, and by regaling the enemy with wine diverted their thoughts from war to dancing. These and all other Bacchic orgies were employed in the system of warfare by which he subjugated the Indians and all the rest of Asia.
Dionysos, in the course of his Indian campaign, seeing that his army could not endure the fiery heat of the air, took forcible possession of the three-peaked mountain of India. Of these peaks one is called Korasibiê, another Kondaskê, but to the third he himself gave the name of Mêros, in remembrance of his birth. Thereon were many fountains of water sweet to drink, game in great plenty, tree-fruits in unsparing profusion, and snows which gave new vigour to the frame. The troops quartered there made a sudden descent upon the barbarians of the plain, whom they easily routed, since they attacked them with missiles from a commanding position on the heights above.
​[Dionysos, after conquering the Indians, invaded Baktria, taking with him as auxiliaries the Indians and Amazons. That country has for its boundary the river Sarangês. The Baktrians seized the mountains overhanging that river with a view to attack Dionysos, in crossing it, from a post of advantage. He, however, having encamped along the river, ordered the Amazons and the Bakkhai to cross it, in order that the Baktrians, in their contempt for women, might he induced to come down from the heights. The women then assayed to cross the stream, and the enemy came downhill, and advancing to the river endeavoured to beat them back. The women then retreated, and the Baktrians pursued them as far as the bank; then Dionysos, coming to the rescue with his men, slew the Baktrians, who were impeded from fighting by the current, and he crossed the river in safety.
# Ancient India as described by Megasthenês and Arrian/Frag. LVIII.

Fragm. LVIII.
Polyæn. Strateg. I. 3. 4.
Of Hercules and Pandæa.
(Cf. Fragm. L. 15.)
Heraklês begat a daughter in India whom he called Pandaia. To her he assigned that portion of India which lies to southward and extends to the sea, while he distributed the people subject to her rule into 365 villages, giving orders that one village should each day bring to the ​treasury the royal tribute, so that the queen might always have the assistance of those men whose turn it was to pay the tribute in coercing those who for the time being were defaulters in their payments.
# The Ugly-Girl Papers/Chapter 16
### CHAPTER XVI.

* "The Leaves are Full of Joy."
* Nobility of the Body.
* Its Possibilities.
* Brain and Heart Dependent on it.
* Physical Culture Imperative in America.
* Our Contempt of Health.
* Easier to be Magnificent than Clean.
* Distilled Water for Every Use.
* Substitute for Stills.
* Vapor and Sulphur Baths.
* Bran Baths.
* Oatmeal for the Hands.
* Frequency of Baths.
* Remedies for Hepatic Spots.
How lusty and delicate the young leaves grow on their stems in their nook of sunshine! What could be lovelier in its way than the three geranium leaves starting from the mould in the window-box where the sun strikes across the corner of the sill? They are so firmly poised, yet glancing; each full of green juice that the sun turns to jewel-light, with spots of darker tint where the feathered edges overlie — a subtle piece of color wrought by sun and soil for no eye to see but by chance, yet ecstatic ​Page:Ugly-girl papers.djvu/178 ​Page:Ugly-girl papers.djvu/179 ​Page:Ugly-girl papers.djvu/180 ​Page:Ugly-girl papers.djvu/181 ​Page:Ugly-girl papers.djvu/182 ​Page:Ugly-girl papers.djvu/183 ​Page:Ugly-girl papers.djvu/184 ​Page:Ugly-girl papers.djvu/185 ​Page:Ugly-girl papers.djvu/186
# The Ugly-Girl Papers/Chapter 17
### CHAPTER XVII.

* The Banting System.
* A Quaint Author.
* Trials of Corpulency.
* Result of Living on Sixpence a Day.
* Indifference of Doctors.
* A Wise Surgeon.
* Relation of Glucose to Obesity.
* Diet for Stout People.
* No Starch, no Sugar.
* Losing Flesh at the Rate of a Pound a Week.
* "Human Beans."
* Humors of Banting's Tract.
* His Gratitude.
* Honors to Dr. Harvey.
* One Day with Dives, the Next with Lazarus.
* Bromide of Ammonia.
Request is often made for the details of Mr. Banting's system of reducing flesh. The popular idea of the writer, whose modest pamphlet has linked his name with the system he observed, is very like the caricature of the dry modern savant. The severe scientist who keeps his child for years without fire or clothes to demonstrate the superiority of human beings to cold, or who throws a new-born baby into a tub of water to prove that the race can swim by nature, should not be mentioned on ​the same page with the kindly enthusiast of the letter on corpulency.
There is no evidence in its pages that the writer ever tried authorship before. He was over sixty-six years old, when, in a burst of gratitude for his relief from the burden of too much flesh, he took up his pen to tell his fellow-creatures of help for those who suffer a like infliction. The quaintness of his pages reminds one of Izaak Walton, from his opening sentences, where he declares, "Of all the parasites that affect humanity, I do not know of, nor can I imagine, any more distressing than that of obesity"—an opinion with which all his fellow-sufferers will agree. He is fond of terming his grievance a parasite, and the name slips out with a frequency which is like the echo of objurgations hurled at his infirmity. Being called to account for it later, he meekly declares that the word is used wholly in a figurative sense. His state might have justified a stronger epithet. No parents on either side, to use his own phrase, ever showed ​Page:Ugly-girl papers.djvu/189 ​Page:Ugly-girl papers.djvu/190 ​Page:Ugly-girl papers.djvu/191 ​Page:Ugly-girl papers.djvu/192 ​Page:Ugly-girl papers.djvu/193 ​Page:Ugly-girl papers.djvu/194 ​Page:Ugly-girl papers.djvu/195 ​Page:Ugly-girl papers.djvu/196
# The Ugly-Girl Papers/Chapter 20
### CHAPTER XX.

* Sulphur Baths.
* Bleaching Old Faces.
* Experiments in Bathing.
* Cautions.
* Need of Public Baths.
* Their Proper Prices.
* Method of Giving Sulphur Vapor-baths.
* Hot Baths for Hot Weather.
* Russian Baths at Home.
* Improvements Needed in Public Baths.
* What they Should be.
* What they Are.
* The Russian Vapor-bath.
* After-Sensations.
* Brightness and Lightness of Health.
* Reverence for the Physical.
* Influence of Bathing on the Nerves and Passions.
* Necessity of Public Baths.
It is not a little amusing to receive requests for a way to give sulphur vapor-baths to the face alone. Somebody wants a fair complexion, and fancies it may be gained by bleaching the face like an old Leghorn bonnet in a barrel. Aside from the certainty of being choked to death by this method, there is no way of whitening and refining the face by applications to it alone, when the conditions of health are not regarded in other things. Carbolic ​Page:Ugly-girl papers.djvu/211 ​Page:Ugly-girl papers.djvu/212 ​Page:Ugly-girl papers.djvu/213 ​Page:Ugly-girl papers.djvu/214 ​Page:Ugly-girl papers.djvu/215 ​Page:Ugly-girl papers.djvu/216 ​Page:Ugly-girl papers.djvu/217 ​Page:Ugly-girl papers.djvu/218 ​Page:Ugly-girl papers.djvu/219 ​Page:Ugly-girl papers.djvu/220 ​Page:Ugly-girl papers.djvu/221 ​Page:Ugly-girl papers.djvu/222 ​Page:Ugly-girl papers.djvu/223
# Systematic Memory

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F. Pitman 20, Paternoster Row, London, E.C.
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This work was published before January 1, 1930, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse