# A Grammar and Vocabulary of the Language of New Zealand/The Nouns Substantive

A Grammar and Vocabulary of the Language of New Zealand was published in 1820
OF NUMBER.
Nouns have two Numbers; the Singular and the Plural. The Plural is formed by prefixing the particle nga to the singular.
OF CASE.
The Cases of Nouns Substantive are thus distinguished: ​ 1. E kai ána te mánu, The bird eats . Te mánu is the Nominative Case Singular.
2. E ou no te mánu, A feather of the bird. No te mánu is the Genitive Case.
3. O átu te táro ki te mánu, Give the food to the bird. Ki te mánu is the Dative Case.
4. Túki Túki hía te mánu, Kill the bird. Te mánu is the Accusative Case.
5. E mánu, O bird; Vocative.
6. Kóa pau te kai i te mánu, The food is eaten by the bird. I temánu is the Ablative Case.
NOTE.-When, in expressing the Genitive Case of a Noun Substantive, personal acquisition of property is denoted as well as possession, the syllable na is used instead of no.
Examples.
Ránga tíra, A Gentleman.
SINGULAR.
| Nom. | Te ránga tíra | the gentleman |
| Gen. | No te ránga tíra Na te ránga tíra | of, or belonging to the gentleman |
| Dat. | Ki te ránga tíra | to the gentleman |
| Acc. | Te ránga tíra | the gentleman |
| Voc. | *E mara | O gentleman, or O person |
| Abl. | I te ránga tíra | by the gentleman. |
PLURAL.
| Nom. | Nga ránga tíra | the gentlemen |
| Gen. | No nga ránga tira Na nga ránga tíra | of, or belonging to the gentlemen |
| Dat. | Ki nga ránga tíra | to the gentlemen |
| Acc. | Nga ránga tíra | the gentlemen |
| Voc. | E mára ma | O gentlemen, or O persons |
| Abl. | I nga ránga tíra | by the gentlemen. |
Another Form of the Plural Number. :
| Nom. | Te ánga ránga tíra | the gentlemen |
| Gen. | No te ánga ránga tíra, | of the gentlemen |
| Dat. | Ki te ánga ránga tíra, | to the gentlemen |
| Acc. | Te ánga ránga tíra | the gentlemen |
| Voc. | E mára ma | O gentlemen, or O persons |
| Abl. | I te ánga ránga tíra | by the gentlemen. |
Táka; the proper name Táka.
SINGULAR.
| Nom. | Táka | Táka |
| Gen. | No Táka, To Táka Na Táka, Ta Taka | of, or belonging to Táka |
| Dat. | Ki a Táka | to Táka |
| Acc. | Táka | Táka |
| Voc. | E Táka | O Táka |
| Abl. | I a Táka | by Táka. |
Móka ; the proper name Moka.
SINGULAR. :
| Nom. | Móka | Móka |
| Gen. | No Móka Na Móka | of, or belonging to Móka |
| Dat. | Ki a Móka | to Móka |
| Acc. | Móka | Móka |
| Voc. | E Móka | O Móka |
| Abl. | I a Móka | by Móka |
Matúa, a Parent.
SINGULAR. :
| Nom. | Matúa | the parent, or a parent |
| Gen. | No te matúa | of, or belonging to the parent |
| Dat. | Ki te matúa | to the parent |
| Acc. | Te matúa | the parent |
| Voc. | E kara, or E pá | O parent |
| Abl. | I te matúa | by the parent. |
PLURAL. :
| Nom. | Nga matúa | the parents |
| Gen. | No nga matúa | of, or belonging to the parents |
| Dat. | Ki nga matúa | to the parents |
| Acc. | Nga matúa | the parents |
| Voc. | E pá má | O parents |
| Abl. | I nga matúa, or I te matúa | by the parents. |
Táma íti, a Son: (contracted, Tamaiti.)
SINGULAR. :
| Nom. | Táma íti | the son, or a son |
| Gen. | No te táma íti | of, or belonging to the son |
| Dat. | Ki te táma íti | to the son |
| Acc. | Te táma íti | the son |
| Voc. | E koro, or E táma | O son |
| Abl. | I te táma íti | by the son. |
PLURAL. :
| Nom. | Nga táma níki | the sons |
| Gen. | No nga táma níki | of, or belonging to the sons |
| Dat. | Ki nga táma níki | to the sons |
| Acc. | Nga táma níki | the sons |
| Voc. | E koro ma | O sons |
| Abl. | I nga táma níki | by the sons. |
Another Form of the Plural Number. :
| Nom. | Te ánga táma níki | the sons, or boys |
| Gen. | No te ánga táma níki, | of, or belonging to the sons, &c. |
| Dat. | Ki te ánga táma níki, | to the sons or boys |
| Acc. | Te ánga táma níki, | the sons or boys |
| Voc. | E koro ma | O sons, or O boys |
| Abl. | I te ánga táma níki, | by the sons or boys. |
Táma íne, a Daughter.
SINGULAR. :
| Nom. | Táma íne | the daughter, or a daughter |
| Gen. | No te táma íne | of, or belonging to the daughter |
| Dat. | Ki te táma íne | to the daughter |
| Acc. | Te táma íne | the daughter |
| Voc. | E ko | O daughter, or O girl |
| Abl. | I te táma íne | by the daughter. |
PLURAL. :
| Nom. | Nga táma íne | the daughters |
| Gen. | No nga táma íne | of, or belonging to the daughters |
| Dat. | Ki nga táma íne | to the daughters |
| Acc. | Nga táma íne | the daughters |
| Voc. | E ko ma | O daughters, or O girls |
| Abl. | I nga táma íne, or I te ánga táma íne | by the daughters. |
OF GENDER.
The distinction of Gender, in this language, is generally made by adding the word signifying male or female.
The words which denote the different sexes are the following; viz.
Táne—a male as he is in alliance with the female, or as he is the husband of a wife.
Wahine—a female as she is in alliance with the male, or as she is the wife of her husband.
Touráwi—any male.
Uwha—any female.