OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The New International Encyclopædia/Byzantium

Edition of 1905. See also Byzantium on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​BYZANTIUM, bī-zān′shĭ-ŭm (Gk. Βυζάντιον Byzantion). A city which stood on the Thracian Bosporus, at the east end of the Propontis. It was founded about B.C. 600, by Dorian colonists, probably from Megara, and rapidly rose in importance as a seat of commerce. Its position was at once secure and enchanting; it commanded the shores of Europe and Asia, and had magnificent facilities for trade. After a time of subjugation under Darius Hystaspis, Byzantium was occupied by the Spartan general Pausanias. Later the city joined the Delian League, and its importance is shown by its large contributions. At the time of the Samian revolt (B.C. 440), Byzantium seems to have tried to withdraw, but reappears in the tribute lists two years later, and remained loyal to Athens until (B.C. 411, when it joined Sparta. Retaken by Aleibiades B.C. 409), it was again captured by Lysander after the battle of Ægospotami. Spartan tyranny led to a change of feeling, and about B.C. 390 Thrasybulus, the Athenian, re-established the democracy, and before B.C. 378 Byzantium concluded a treaty of alliance with Athens. This friendship was of short duration, and finally, in B.C. 357, Byzantium leagued itself with Chios, Rhodes, and King Mausolus II. of Caria, in the Social War. In B.C. 341—40 Philip of Macedon advanced against the city, and, under the influence of Demosthenes, the citizens once more joined Athens. Under Alexander the Great and his successors, Byzantium retained its independence, but for some years after B.C. 278 was subject to a heavy tribute imposed by the Celts. The duties imposed to meet this burden led to a war with Rhodes, in which the city was supported by Attalus I. of Pergamum. During the Roman wars Byzantium seems to have supported Rome, and, as a result, in spite of some suffering in the Mithridatic wars, enjoyed considerable prosperity. In the civil war between Septimius Severus and Pescennius Niger, Byzantium sided with the latter. It was, therefore, besieged by Severus, and, after a brave defense of three years' duration, was captured in A.D. 196 and reduced to ruins. Severus, repenting the desolation which he had made, rebuilt a part of the city, ornamented it with baths, porticoes, etc., and restored to the inhabitants their ancient privileges. In a.d. 330, after the defeat of Licinius, Constantine made the city the capital of the Roman Empire, under the name of Constantinople (q.v.).
# Myths and Legends Beyond Our Borders/The Tolling off Gaspé

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THE TOLLING OFF GASPÉ
WHEN it was learned that the English were coming, the good folk of Grand Pré hid many of their simple treasures, for to their minds, inflamed against the invaders, to be an Englishman was to be little else than a robber. Strange sights had been seen in the air, strange sounds had been heard in the twilight, and the people feared. Knowing that the English were heretics, their first care was to save the church properties, the communion-cups and host of silver, the embroidered vestments of the priest, the sweet-toned bell that called them to matins, mass, and vespers and rang the restful Angelus across their well-tilled fields. These objects were placed in a vault, and, according to one version of the tale, were stolen on the very next night by the crew of a strange vessel that landed here. A gale sped the departing craft, and as she lifted across the waves the boom of the bell came back across the seething water. Accursed in this theft, the vessel got no farther than Blomidon. At the foot of that great crag she was shivered into pieces, and there among the sands the treasure is.
But the oftener told story of the bell is that it was put aboard a rescue-ship, the Tourmente, that it might be carried with the other church belongings to a chapel near Gaspé. The sight of the rich silver, the gemmed stole, the candlesticks, incense-burner, and altar ornaments, that might easily be ​converted into money, roused the cupidity of the captain and his lawless crew: so, instead of delivering the treasure at Gaspé, they set the priest ashore and sailed away. Standing on the beach, the good father pronounced a curse on ship and crew, and hardly had he turned away ere the sky darkened, a wind came up that increased to a hurricane before the canvas could be taken in, and presently the vessel was hurled against a rock and was broken in two. Not a soul survived; not even the girl passenger who was on her way to join her lover. And now the tolling bell of a spectre ship is sometimes heard by the people of Gaspé. It is a vessel squat and square, sailed by a skeleton crew in pigtails and petticoat breeches, and the boom of the stolen bell, that hangs high on her foremast, is so dire in meaning that passing sailors tremble. The form in white that wrings its hands on the deck is that of the girl who was to meet her lover only in death, for his shadow, too, is seen on a cliff, feeding a phosphor beacon-fire, and as the ship careens below he leaps to her rescue and disappears beneath the waves with her in his arms. To see this ship as it cruises up and down the gulf, especially when it flies by in dead calm or against the wind, her binnacle burning blue, her funereal bell tolling, is to meet a storm within an hour. If you follow that lamp and bell through the deepening murk, hoping to gain safe harbor, you will be hurled on the same reef on which the Tourmente perished.
# Myths and Legends Beyond Our Borders/The General with an Ear

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THE GENERAL WITH AN EAR
STUDENTS in the university at Fredericton, New Brunswick, are in no wise different from the pupils of other schools, although it is not recorded of them that they ever put a cow into the chapel belfry or enlivened a lecture on geology with cannon crackers. But they did break the law with a gun on several occasions. This gun belongs to the university, and has had a way of going off on unexpected nights, causing the alarm of housewives in the town and the utterance of distressing remarks by usually moral householders. The students had organized a glee-club, which for its own safety's sake did most of its singing in vacant farms and graveyards, even defying the ghosts in silks and periwigs that vex the hermitage, and one night it shifted the scene to a place in the woods, having noticed certain threatening exhibitions on the part of citizens near the places of its other rehearsals. As it happened, they had posted themselves beside the grave of a certain French general, and they had not been at work more than ten minutes before this officer scrambled out of the earth with hair on end, tears in his eyes, and distraction in his aspect. He adjured them by all they held sacred—if people who made such noises could hold even the ten commandments sacred—to go and sing to the others. If only they would let him alone he would tell them where a cannon had been hidden with which ​they could create a less terrible noise, though a louder one, than they were engaged in making. They accepted the bribe, imperilled their lives and those of other people by practising elsewhere, and found the gun, so that Fredericton had, for a time, two kinds of disturbances instead of one.
# Raggedy Ann's Alphabet Book/ST

Snails and Turtles
Snails and Turtles are such queer creatures.
They both carry their homes right upon their backs.
We wouldn't think this was any fun at all, cause lots of times we like to run and race and play ball and do a lot of things which we could not do if we had a house on our backs.
After all, I ’spect it is ever so much more fun being a boy or a girl and living in the same house with those we love and who love us. And I know that you will say, “Yes! That is true! It is lots more fun.”
Snails and Turtles may think their houses are much nicer than ours, but if they do, it’s because they have never known any other—or had the fun of coming home.
* is for Snails—My! they’re dreadfully slow. I guess it’s because they have no place to go.
* is for Turtle, he has  a hard shell Which makes him a  coat and a cottage  as well.
# Raggedy Ann's Alphabet Book/UV

Usefulness and Violets
Everything in the whole, wide world has a use of some sort.
The flowers with their lovely fragrance; the birds with their happy hearted singing; the rivers, the lakes and the oceans; the mountains and valleys—even the gloomy, rainy days are useful. The rain makes the flowers and vegetables grow and makes everything look clean and fresh. And, as everything is made to be useful, we must always try to be helpful too, for, in helping others we gain love and friendship and add to the sunniness in our own hearts. Just think what a joy it is to be able to add to the world’s happiness by being useful.
* is for Usefulness; that’s why we should Try to help others by working for good.
* is for Violets. There  in the grass Cheerily nodding  their heads as we  pass.
# Raggedy Ann's Alphabet Book/WX

Winter and Christmas
How pretty the country is when the blue, grey clouds sweep over the earth and the fleecy white snowflakes cover the fields and mountains.
The frosty air makes our cheeks glow with health and we have to run and slide and coast to keep warm while we are having fun.
Then, when the crispy snow sparkles and we hear the cheery jingle of sleigh bells, we may be sure that Santa Claus is preparing to make his visit to the homes of all good children. For, Christmas will soon be here with the happiness it brings and the gladness we feel in our hearts when we give Christmas presents to each other.
After all, don’t you believe Christmas day is really the happiest day in the whole year? I do!
* is for Winter, when crisp breezes blow. The mountains and valleys are covered with  snow.
* When used thus (Xmas) means the great Christmas time. What joy and what fun when the Christmas  bells chime.
# United States Statutes at Large/Volume 6/14th Congress/1st Session/Chapter 17

Chap. XVII.—An Act to increase the pensions of Robert White, Jacob Wrighter, John Young, and John Crampersey.
Augmentation of pensions.Be it enacted, &c., That there be and hereby is granted to Robert White, of Reading, in the State of Vermont, who, in the defence of fort Erie, lost both his arms by a cannon-shot, in lieu of the pension to which he is now entitled by law, a pension of forty dollars per month, to commence on the fifth day of March, one thousand eight hundred and fifteen; to Jacob Wrighter, of the city of Trenton, in the State of New Jersey, who lost his right arm and right leg at the capture of Little York, in Upper Canada, in lieu of the pension to which he is now entitled by law, a pension of thirty dollars per month, to commence on the tenth day of May, one thousand eight hundred and fifteen; to John Young, of the town of Boston, and State of Massachusetts, who lost both arms at French Creek, in descending the river St. Lawrence, by a cannon-ball, in lieu of the pension to which he is now entitled by law, a pension of forty dollars per month, to commence from the thirtieth day of April, one thousand eight hundred and fifteen; and to John Crampersey, of the town of Beverly, and State of Massachusetts, who lost both arms in the late war with Great Britain, in lieu of the pension to which he is now entitled by law, a pension of forty dollars per month, to commence from the fifteenth day of November, one thousand eight hundred and fourteen; and the secretary of war is hereby directed to place the said Robert White, Jacob Wrighter, John Young, and John Crampersey on the pension list accordingly.
Apporved, February 22, 1816.
# United States Statutes at Large/Volume 6/14th Congress/1st Session/Chapter 19

Chap. XIX.—An Act for the relief of Jonathan Rogers, junior, of Waterford, in the State of Connecticut.
To be released from imprisonment.Be it enacted, &c., That the Secretary of the Treasury be, and he is hereby authorized and required to discharge from his imprisonment Jonathan Rogers, junior, of Waterford, Connecticut, now confined in prison at New Haven, in said state, for a debt due from him to the United States, on judgment obtained in their favor against him, before the district court for said district of Connecticut: Provided, however, That nothing contained in this act shall exonerate any property which the said Jonathan Rogers, junior, now has or hereafter may acquire from the judgment and execution obtained against him, by the United States, as aforesaid.
Apporved, February 22, 1816.
# Raggedy Ann's Alphabet Book/Y

Loyalty
Once there was a Brownie who had an important secret. It was a delicious secret about a great surprise party that was going to be given in Brownieland. The little Brownie wanted to tell his friends so they could help with the party, but he couldn’t share his secret with them, because he wasn’t sure of their loyalty. Their tongues wagged so easily. He needed someone to run errands—someone to see the cake and ice cream fairies got the right flavors and that there was chocolate candy enough to go round. One day he was sitting on a log wondering why people let their tongues wag away their virtues when he felt something cold in his hand. What do you think it was? The nose of a dog with the dog himself right in back of it! Brownie jumped to his feet with a happy laugh. Now the party would be a real surprise party! He could depend on the dog’s loyalty—and so can you.
* is for You, if you're loyal and true You always will gather good friends about you.
# United States Statutes at Large/Volume 6/14th Congress/1st Session/Chapter 20

Chap. XX.—An Act for the relief of John Redman Coxe.
Duties on philosophical apparatus refunded.Be it enacted, &c., That the duties which have been secured to be paid by John Redman Coxe to the United States, on the importation into the same of a philosophical apparatus, and of a collection of mineral substances, to be used by him as professor of Chemistry in the University of Pennsylvania, be, and the same are hereby remitted, on sufficient proof being made to the Comptroller of the Treasury that the articles above mentioned have been imported by the said Coxe, to be used for the purposes aforementioned.
Apporved, February 28, 1816.
# United States Statutes at Large/Volume 6/14th Congress/1st Session/Chapter 23

Chap. XXIII.—An Act for the relief of Lieutenant-Colonel William Lawrence, of the army of the United States, and of the officers, non-commissioned officers, and privates, composing the garrison of Fort Boyer, in the year one thousand eight hundred and fourteen.
Allowance of prize money.Be it enacted, &c., That the proper accounting officers of the department of war be, and they are hereby authorized and required to audit and settle the claims of the officers and soldiers composing the garrison of Fort Boyer, on the fifteenth of September, in the year one thousand eight hundred and fourteen; and to allow to them the same sum, as prize money, as would be allowed if the sloop of war Hermes, belonging to the enemy, had been captured by an equal naval force; and also to allow to the said garrison the half value (all expenses being first deducted) of the schooner Active, and her cargo, captured in the year aforesaid by the said garrison: and that the sums aforesaid, when allowed, be paid out of any moneys in the treasury not otherwise appropriated.
Approved, March 5, 1816.
# Raggedy Ann's Alphabet Book/Z

Goodness, Kindness, Friendliness
Goodness, kindness and friendliness are just like three lovely flowers growing upon one stem. Each one seems to belong to the others.
For, when a person is good, the happiness in his heart makes him wish to do things to please others; and, when we do things to please others, everyone loves us and wishes to do nice things for us.
So, when we say to ourselves, “I shall be nice and good!” we plant a tiny, invisible seed of sunshine in our hearts which grows and grows into a beautiful garden of gentleness, kindliness and sympathy. And the garden of sunniness blossoms with the most wonderful flowers, the dearest and sweetest in life, the flowers of friendship.
* is for Zero, cold weather, at night To sleep warm and comfy, keep covered  up tight.
And now that we've read every letter to this, Let’s pretend that this sign means a nice,
    loving kiss.
# United States Statutes at Large/Volume 6/14th Congress/1st Session/Chapter 27

Chap. XXVII.—An Act for the relief of Gustavus Loomis.
Accounts to be settled, &c.Be it enacted, &c., That the proper accounting officers of the war department be, and they are hereby authorized and directed, to audit and settle the claim of Gustavus Loomis, assistant deputy quarter-master general, and to allow him, in the settlement thereof, such credits as may be equitable and just.
Approved, March 19, 1816.
# United States Statutes at Large/Volume 6/14th Congress/1st Session/Chapter 28

Chap. XXVIII.—An Act to extend certain privileges, as therein mentioned, to Bernard Edme Verjon, and Robert Love Stobie.
Two years’ residence to obtain a patent not required of them. Act of April 17, 1800, ch. 25.Be it enacted, &c., That two years’ residence, as required by an act entitled “An act to extend the privilege of obtaining patents for useful discoveries and inventions, to certain persons therein mentioned, and to enlarge and define the penalties for violating the right of patentees,” shall not be required of Bernard Edme Verjon, to enable him to obtain a patent for any discovery he has made in the art of manufacturing or refining sugar; or of Robert Lowe Stobie, to enable him to obtain patents for any discoveries he has made in the construction of a ship’s rudder, and also of a pump for extracting noxious air from the holds of vessels, but that they shall obtain patents therefor, on their conforming to the other requisitions of said act.
Approved, March 19, 1816.
# United States Statutes at Large/Volume 6/14th Congress/1st Session/Chapter 34

Chap. XXXIV.—An Act for the relief of Erastus Loomis.
Be it enacted, &c., That the proper accounting officers of the navy department be, and they are hereby authorized to adjust and settle the ​Allowed the pay of a second lieutenant of marines.claim of Erastus Loomis, and allow him the pay and emoluments of a second lieutenant of marines, from the first day of August, one thousand eight hundred and fourteen, to the twenty-eighth of December, one thousand eight hundred and fifteen; also the expenses incurred by said Loomis, in consequence of a wound received by him whilst gallantly doing his duty on board the brig Eagle, in the action on Lake Champlain, on the eleventh of September, one thousand eight hundred and fourteen; the amount whereof shall be paid out of any money in the treasury not otherwise appropriated.
Apporved, March 25, 1816.
# United States Statutes at Large/Volume 6/14th Congress/1st Session/Chapter 29

Chap. XXIX.—An Act for the relief of John M. Forbes.
Consul’s account to be settled.Be it enacted, &c., That the secretary of state be, and he is hereby authorized to settle and adjust the accounts of John M. Forbes, as consul of the United States at Hamburgh, for moneys advanced by him on account of the United States, and for other incidental expenses relative to the same; and to allow him such sum for losses in exchange, and for interest of money so advanced, and other incidental expenses, as he may deem equitable and just.
Approved, March 19, 1816.
# Raggedy Ann's Alphabet Book/The Alphabet

The Alphabet
The alphabet has twenty-six letters in it.
This does not seem so very many when we consider how much we can do with the letters by placing them together.
Whenever we speak to each other, or whenever we read or write to each other, we ​place letters together which mean just what we wish the other person to understand. For, each little letter means a certain sound, so, when mother reads to you, she has put all the different sounds of the letters in each printed word together and pronounced them aloud.
When a person does not know how to put the letters of the alphabet together to form words, they are just like someone inside a room who never looks beyond the walls of the room. They never know what is going on outside their own little life; for, if they cannot read, they cannot understand what the letters mean when put into word forms and miss the lovely and beautiful thoughts wiser people write for our entertainment and improvement.
​When children go to school, the teacher tells them the name and sound of each little letter. She teaches them how to put the letters together to make different words. The easiest words come first, then the harder words until finally, when the child has studied enough, any written or printed word can be read as easily as the word can be spoken.
Then, the child can open a book and enjoy the wonderful stories the author has wished to give to the world. It is just like having a large box filled with wonderful surprises, but not having a key to open the box.
The alphabet is just like the key to the wonder box, for, when we can understand what the letters of the alphabet mean, we can open the book and read all the fairy tales, ​stories of adventure and beautiful thoughts the book contains. So, the sooner we learn to read, the sooner we can enjoy the contents of our “wonder box” books.
# United States Statutes at Large/Volume 6/14th Congress/1st Session/Chapter 36

Chap. XXXVI.—An Act for the relief of John T. Wirt.
Claim to be settled, &c.Be it enacted, &c., That the proper accounting officers of the war department be, and they are hereby, authorized and directed to settle the claim of John T. Wirt, assistant deputy quartermaster-general, and to allow him, in the settlement thereof, such credits as may be equitable and just.
Apporved, April 2, 1816.
# United States Statutes at Large/Volume 6/14th Congress/1st Session/Chapter 37

Chap. XXXVII.—An Act placing certain persons on the list of Navy Pensioners.
Secretary of the navy to place on the list of pensioners the persons wounded at Dartmoor prison, and the widows and children of those killed, or who died of wounds received there, &c.Be it enacted, &c., That the Secretary of the Navy be, and he is hereby, authorized and required to place on the list of navy pensioners those persons who were wounded at Dartmoor prison, in England, in the month of April, one thousand eight hundred and fifteen; also the widows and children of such as were killed, or who died in consequence of wounds received there; and that, in the allowance of pensions to the persons aforesaid, the regulations established by law, in relation to the placing persons on the list of navy pensioners, be observed.
This act to take effect from the 6th April, 1815.Sec. 2. And be it further enacted, That this act shall be construed to take effect from the sixth day of April, in the year one thousand eight hundred and fifteen.
Apporved, April 2, 1816.
# United States Statutes at Large/Volume 6/14th Congress/1st Session/Chapter 38

Chap. XXXVIII.—An Act authorizing and requiring the Secretary of State to issue letters patent to Andrew Kurtz.
Secretary of State to issue letters patent to Andrew Kurtz. Act of Feb. 21, 1793, ch. 11. Act of April 17, 1800, ch. 25.Be it enacted, &c., That the Secretary of State be, and he is hereby, and he is hereby, authorized and required to issue letters patent to Andrew Kurtz, for his invention of a new method of manufacturing the charcoal of wood, and purifying the pyroligenous acid, obtained by the distillation of wood, upon his complying with the requisites of the act entitled “An act to promote the progress of useful arts, and to repeal the act heretofore made for that purpose;” and an act entitled “An act to extend the privilege of obtaining patents for useful discoveries and inventions to certain persons therein mentioned, and to enlarge and define the penalties for violating the rights of patentees,” except so far as the said acts, or any part or parts of them, require a residence of two years within the United States, in like manner, in all respects, as if the said Andrew Kurtz had resided two years within the United States.
Apporved, April 2, 1816.