# Executive Order 14223

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Donald Trump's seventy-seventh executive order of his second presidency, originally published on March 1, 2025 by the White House. Published as Executive Order 14223 on March 6, 2025 in the Federal Register. Scan: Index:Executive Order 14223.pdf
Signed by President Donald Trump Saturday, March 1, 2025
Federal Register page & date: 90 FR 11359, Thursday, March 6, 2025
​Executive Order 14223 of March 1, 2025
Addressing the Threat to National Security From Imports of Timber, Lumber, and Their Derivative Products
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962, as amended (19 U.S.C. 1862) (Trade Expansion Act), it is hereby ordered:
Section 1. Policy. The wood products industry, composed of timber, lumber, and their derivative products (such as paper products, furniture, and cabinetry) is a critical manufacturing industry essential to the national security, economic strength, and industrial resilience of the United States. This industry plays a vital role in key downstream civilian industries, including construction. The United States faces significant vulnerabilities in the wood supply chain from imported timber, lumber, and their derivative products being dumped onto the United States market.
The United States has ample timber resources. The current United States softwood lumber industry has the practical production capacity to supply 95 percent of the United States’ 2024 softwood consumption. Yet, since 2016 the United States has been a net importer of lumber.
Wood products are a key input used by both the civilian construction industry and the military. Each year, the United States military spends over 10 billion dollars on construction. The military also invests in innovative building material technology, including processes to create innovative wood products such as cross-laminated timber. The procurement of these building materials depends on a strong domestic lumber industry and a manufacturing base capable of meeting both military-specific and wider civilian needs.
It is the policy of the United States to ensure reliable, secure, and resilient domestic supply chains of timber, lumber, and their derivative products. Unfair subsidies and foreign government support for foreign timber, lumber, and their derivative products necessitate action under section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act to determine whether imports of these products threaten to impair national security.
Sec. 2. Investigation. (a) The Secretary of Commerce shall initiate an investigation under section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act to determine the effects on the national security of imports of timber, lumber, and their derivative products.
(b) In conducting the investigation described in subsection (a) of this section, the Secretary of Commerce shall assess the factors set forth in 19 U.S.C. 1862(d), labeled ‘‘Domestic production for national defense; impact of foreign competition on economic welfare of domestic industries,’’ as well as other relevant factors, including:
Sec. 3. Required Actions. (a) The Secretary of Commerce shall consult with the Secretary of Defense and the heads of other relevant executive departments and agencies as determined by the Secretary of Commerce to evaluate the national security risks associated with imports of timber, lumber, and their derivative products.
(b) No later than 270 days after the date of this order, the Secretary of Commerce shall submit a report to the President that includes:
Sec. 4. Definitions. As used in this order:
(a) The term ‘‘timber’’ refers to wood that has not been processed.
(b) The term ‘‘lumber’’ refers to wood that has been processed, including wood that has been milled and cut into boards or planks.
Sec. 5. General Provisions. (a) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:
(b) This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.
​(c) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.
THE WHITE HOUSE, March 1, 2025.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
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