# The Comedies of Plautus: Literally Translated into English Prose, with Notes/Volume 2/Epidicus/Act I

EPIDICUS;
OR, THE FORTUNATE DISCOVERY.
THE ACROSTIC ARGUMENT.
[Supposed to have been written by Priscian the Grammarian.]
An old gentleman, thinking her his daughter, purchases (Emit) a music-girl, by the advice of (Persuasu) of his servant, who, a second time (Iterum), substitutes for him, in place of his son's mistress, another one hired; he gives (Dat) to his master's son the money; with it the young man, not knowing it (Imprudens), purchases his sister. Soon afterwards, by the aid of a woman whom he has seduced, and of a Captain, the old man understands (Cognoscit) that he has been imposed upon, as (Ut) the one is in search of his mistress, the other of her daughter. But (Sed) on finding his daughter, he gives his servant his liberty.
Act I.—Scene I.
Enter Thesprio, followed by Epidicus.
Epid. (pulling Thesprio by the cloak). Harkye! young man.
Thes. Who pulls me by the cloak, when thus in haste?
Epid. An intimate. Thes. I confess it; for with your annoyance you are too intimate.
Epid. But do look back, Thesprio!
Thes. (looking round). What? Is it Epidicus that I see?
Epid. Why surely you've the use of your eyes.
Thes. Greetings to you. Epid. May the Gods grant what you desire. I'm glad that you've got here safe.
​Thes. What besides? Epid. According to the usage, a dinner shall be given you.
Thes. I agree. Epid. What to do?
Thes. That I'll accept it, if you offer it.
Epid. How are you? Fare you as you could wish?
Thes. The proof's before you. Epid. I understand. (Eyeing him from top to toe.) Marvellous! You seem quite plump and hearty.
Thes. (pointing to his left hand). Thanks to this.
Epid. Which, indeed, you ought to have parted with long ago. Thes. I'm less of a pilferer now than formerly.
Epid. How so? Thes. I rob above-board.
Epid. May the immortal Gods confound you, with what huge strides you do walk! for when I caught sight of you at the harbour, I began to run at a rapid pace; I was hardly able to overtake you just now.
Thes. You are a town wit. Epid. I know that you, on the other hand, are a military gentleman.
Thes. Speak out as boldly as you please.
Epid. How say you? Have you been well all along?
Thes. In a varied way. Epid. Those who are well in a varied way, a race of men of the goat kind or of the panther kind, don't please me.
Thes. What do you wish me to tell you but that which is fact?
Epid. To answer to these things fairly; how's our master's son? Is he well?
Thes. Stout as a boxer and an athlete.
​Epid. You've brought me joyous tidings on your arrival. But where is he?
Thes. I came here together with him.
Epid. Where is he then? Unless, perchance, you've brought him in your wallet, or, perhaps, in your knapsack.
Thes. May the Gods confound you!
Epid. I want to make enquiries of you. Lend me your attention; attention shall be lent you in return.
Thes. You say what's law. Epid. It becomes me to do so.
Thes. But why now are you acting the Prætor over us?
Epid. What other person in Athens will you say is more deserving of it than I?
Thes. But still, Epidicus, one thing is wanting for your Prætorship.
Epid. What, pray? Thes. You shall know; two lictors, two osier bundles of twigs——
Epid. (shaking his fist at him). Woe unto you! But how say you——? Thes. What is it you ask?
Epid. Where are the arms of Stratippocles?
Thes. I' faith, they've gone over to the enemy.
Epid. What, his arms? Thes. Aye, and quickly too.
Epid. Do you say that seriously?
Thes. Seriously I say it; the enemy have got them.
Epid. By my troth, a disgraceful affair.
Thes. Still, before now, other persons have done the same. This affair will turn out to his honor.
Epid How so? Thes. Because it has been so to others before.
​Epid. Mulciber, I suppose, made the arms which Stratippocles had; they flew over to the enemy.
Thes. Why, then, e'en let this son of Thetis lose them; the daughters of Nereus will bring him others.
Epid. Only this must be looked to, that material may be found for the armourers, if in each campaign he yields a spoil to the enemy.
Thes. Have done now with these matters.
Epid. You yourself make an end of them when you please.
Thes. Case your enquiries then. Epid. Say, where is Startippocles himself?
Thes. There is a reason, for which reason he has been afraid to come together with me.
Epid. For what reason? Thes. You shall hear; because he has purchased out of the spoil a young female captive of charming and genteel figure.
Epid. What is it I hear from you?
Thes. That which I'm telling you.
Epid. Why has he purchased her?
Thes. To please his fancy.
Epid. How many fancies has this man? For assuredly, before he went away from home to the army, he himself commissioned me, that a music-girl whom he was in love with should be purchased of a Procurer for him. That I have managed to accomplish for him.
Thes. Whichever way the wind is at sea, Epidicus, in that direction the sail is shifted.
Epid. Woe unto wretched me! He has utterly undone me!
Thes. What's the meaning of this? What's the matter, pray?
Epid. Well now—she whom he has bought, at what sum has he purchased her?
Thes. A very little. Epid. That I don't ask you.
Thes. What then? Epid. For how many minæ?
Thes. (holding up all his fingers four times). For so many.
​Epid. Forty minæ? Thes. For that purpose, he borrowed the money on interest of a Banker at Thebes, at a didrachm for each silver mina per day.
Epid. Surprising!
Thes. This Banker, too, has come together with him, and is dunning for his money.
Epid. Immortal Gods! now I'm fairly done for!
Thes. Why so, or what's the matter, Epidicus?
Epid. He has proved my ruin!
Thes. Who?
Epid. Who? He who lost his arms.
Thes. But why so? Epid. Because he himself was every day sending me letters from the army—but I shall hold my tongue; it's best to do so. It's best for a man in servitude to know more than he says; that's true wisdom.
Thes. On my faith, I don't understand why you are alarmed. You are frightened, Epidicus; I see it by your countenance. You seem here, in my absence, to have got into some scrape or other.
Epid. Can't you case annoying me?
Thes. I'll be off. (Moves as if going.)
Epid. Stand still; I'll not let you go from here. (Holds him.) Thes. Why do you hold me back?
Epid. Is he in love with her whom he has purchased out of the spoil?
Thes. Do you ask me? He dotes to death upon her.
Epid. The hide will be stripped from off my back.
Thes. He loves her, too, more than ever he loved you.
Epid. May Jupiter confound you!
Thes. Let me go now; for he has forbidden me to go to our house; he ordered me to come here (pointing to the house) to our neighbour's, Chæribulus; there he bade me wait; he's about to come there himself.
Epid. Why so? Thes. I'll tell you; because he doesn't wish to meet with or see his father, before he has paid down this money which is owing for her.
Epid. O dear! an involved business, i' faith.
Thes. Do let go of me, that I may now be off forthwith.
Epid. When the old gentleman knows this, our ship will fairly founder.
​Thes. What matters it to me in what way you come to your end?
Epid. Because I don't wish to perish alone; I'd like you to perish with me, well-wisher with well-wisher.
Thes. (tearing himself away from Epidicus). Away with you from me to utter and extreme perdition with those terms of yours!
Epid. Be off, then, if you are in great haste about anything.
Thes. (aside). I never met with any person from whom I parted with greater pleasure. (Goes into the house of Chæribulus.)
Epid. (to himself). He's gone away from here; you are now alone. In what plight this matter is, you now see, Epidicus. Unless you have some resources in your own self, you are done for. Ruination so great is impending over you—unless you support yourself stoutly, you cannot hold up; to such a degree are mountains of misfortune threatening to tumble on you. Neither does any plan just now please me by means of which to find myself disengaged from my entanglement. To my misfortune, by my trickeries I have forced the old man to imagine that he was making purchase of his own daughter; whereas he has bought for his own son a music-girl whom he was fond of, and whom on his departure he commissioned me about. He now, to please his fancy, has brought another one from the army. I've lost my hide, for when the old man finds out that he has been played tricks with, he'll be flaying my back with twigs. But still, do you take all precautions. (He stands still and thinks.) That's of no use! clearly this head of mine is addled! You are a worthless fellow, Epidicus. (In another tone.) What pleasure have you in being abusive? Because you are forsaking yourself. What am I to do? Do you ask me the question? Why you yourself, in former days, were wont to lend advice to others. Well, well; something must be found out. But why delay to go meet the young man, that I may know how the matter stands? And here he is himself. He is in a grave mood. He's coming with Chæribulus, his year's-mate. I'll step aside here, whence at my leisure I'll follow their discourse. (He steps aside.)
Scene II.—Enter Stratippocles and Chæribulus.
Strat. I've told you all the matter, Chæribulus, and I have fully disclosed to you the sum of my griefs and loves.
Chær. You are foolish, Stratippocles, beyond your age and lineage. Does it shame you, because you have bought a captive girl, born of good family, from among the spoil? Who will there be to impute it as a fault to you?
Strat. Through doing this, I've found that those who are envious are all enemies to me; but I've never offered violence or criminal assault against her chastity.
Chær. Then, so far, in my opinion at least, you are a still more deserving man, inasmuch as you are temperate in your passion.
Strat. He effects nothing who consoles a desponding man with his words: he is a friend, who, in dubious circumstances, aids in deed when deeds are necessary.
Chær. What do you wish me to do?
Strat. To lend me forty minæ or silver, to be paid to the Banker from whom I borrowed it on interest.
Chær. On my word, if I had it, I would not deny you.
Strat. What then does it signify your being bounteous in talk, if all aid in the matter is dead outright.
Chær. Why faith, I myself am quite wearied and distracted with being dunned.
Strat. I had rather my friends of that sort were thrust into a furnace than into litigation. But now I could wish to buy me the assistance of Epidicus at a weighty price, a fellow whom I'll hand over well-liquored with stripes to the baker, unless he this day finds me forty minæ before I've mentioned to him the last syllable of the sum.
​Epid. (apart). The matter's all right; he promises well; he'll keep faith, I trust. (Ironically.) Without any expenditure of my own, an entertainment is already provided for my shoulder-blades. I'll accost the man. (He goes up to Stratippocles.) The servant Epidicus wishes health to his master Stratippocles, on his arrival from abroad.
Strat. (turning round). Where is he?
Epid. Here he is; I'm delighted that you have returned safe.
Strat. I believe you as much in that as I do myself.
Epid. Have you been well all along?
Strat. I've been free from disease; in mind I've been ailing.
Epid. As regarded myself, I've taken care of what you entrusted to me; it has been obtained; the female captive has been bought, about which matter you were sending me letters so often.
Strat. You've lost all your labour.
Epid. But why have I lost it?
Strat. Because she is not dear to my heart, nor does she please me.
Epid. What means it, then, that you gave me such strict injunctions, and sent letters to me?
Strat. Formerly I did love her; but now another passion influences my heart.
Epid. I' faith, it is a shocking thing for that to be unpleasant for a man which you have managed well for him; where I've done well, I've in reality done ill, since love has shifted sides.
Strat. I wasn't right in my mind when I sent those letters to you.
Epid. Is it proper that I should be the atonement for your folly, so as for you to substitute my back as the scape-goat for your folly?
Strat. Why are we making words about that? This man (pointing to himself) has need of forty minæ, ready money, and in all haste, for him to pay a Banker, and speedily too.
​Epid. Only tell me from what quarter you wish me to get them. From what banker am I to seek them?
Strat. From where you like. But if I don't finger them before sunset, don't you enter my house; off with yourself to the mill.
Epid. You easily say that without risk and concern, and with a gay heart. I know our floggers; I feel the pain when I'm beaten.
Strat. How say you now? Will you suffer me to destroy myself?
Epid. Don't do that. I'll cope with this peril and bold attempt in preference.
Strat. Now you please me; now do I commend you.
Epid. I'll submit to this in any way that's pleasing to you.
Strat. What then is to be done about this music-girl?
Epid. Some method shall be found out; by some means I'll disengage myself; some way I shall get extricated.
Strat. You are full of scheming; I know you of old.
Epid. There is a rich Captain of Eubœa, abounding in plenty of gold, who, when he knows that that one was bought for you, and that this other one has been brought here, will forthwith be entreating you, of his own accord, to transfer that other one to him. But where is she whom you have brought with you?
Strat. I shall have her here just now.
Chær. What are we now doing here?
Strat. Let's go in-doors here at your house, that, for the present, we may pass this day merrily. (They go into the house of Chæribulus.)
Epid. (to himself). Go in-doors; I'll now call a council in my heart to adopt measures about this money business, against whom, in especial, war is to be declared, and out of whom I'm to get the money. Epidicus, consider what you ​are to do; thus suddenly has this business been thrown upon you. But now you must be slumbering, nor have you any leisure for delay. Now must you be daring! 'Tis my fixed determination to lay siege to the old man. I'll go indoors; I'll tell the young man, my master's son, not to walk abroad here, or come anywhere in the way of the old gentleman. (Goes into the house of Chæribulus.)
* ↑ Or the Fortunate Discovery) Plautus calls this Play by the name of Epidicus, from the slave, who is the principal actor in it. It will be seen that a fortunate discovery really does take place in the Fifth Act, where Periphanes not only finds his long-lost daughter, but Stratippocles is prevented from unknowingly being guilty of incest. That Plautus thought very highly of this Play, is evident from what is said in the Bacchides, l. 215, where Chrysalas is introduced as saying that he "loves the Epidicus as well as his own self."
* ↑ A dinner shall be given you)—Ver. 6. The "cœna viatica," or "welcome entertainment," has been mentioned in the Notes to the Bacchides, Act I., Sc. 2.
* ↑ To have parted with)—Ver. 9. The thieves of antiquity are said to have used the left hand for the purposes of their nefarious calling. The cutting off of the hand was a common punishment.
* ↑ I rob above-board)—Ver. 10. It has been suggested that this is an imitation of a passage in Aristophanes, Act II., Sc. 3, where Blepsidemus says, "ού κεκλοψάς ἄλλ᾿ ἥρπακας." "You have not pilfered, but plundered." The thought, however, is quite natural, without resorting to a previous author for it.
* ↑ In a varied way)—Ver. 16. He puns upon the different meanings of the word "varie;" and alludes to the checquered or striped state of the slave's back after whipping. By "varie," Thesprio simply means, "sometimes well, and sometimes ill."
* ↑ What's law)—Ver. 23. The words "operam da" and "operam dabo," used by Epidicus, were terms used in the Roman courts of law: therefore Thesprio says, "jus dicis," meaning, "you talk like a judge."
* ↑ Two lictors)—Ver. 26. The Prætors were attended by lictors. As one part of their duty was to scourge refractory slaves, Thesprio means to joke Epidicus, by telling him that he requires the lictors—not to do him honor, but to scourge him.
* ↑ Where are the arms)—Ver. 27. As Thesprio was his armour-bearer, this question cannot be considered as an impertinent one.
* ↑ Will turn out to his honor)—Ver. 31. Schmieder thinks that in these words there is a covert allusion to the conduct of Terentius Varro, by whose bad management the Romans lost the battle of Cannæ, when fighting against Hannibal. The Senate, however, received him with open arms, "because he had not despaired of the state."
* ↑ Flew over to the enemy)—Ver. 32. Plautus seems here to fancy that the arms made by Mulciber or Vulcan, for Achilles, were taken by Hector from Patroclus, when, in fact, they were made at the request of Thetis, for the purpose of avenging his death. He probably did not care to represent a slave and a camp-follower as being particularly correct in their knowledge of Homer.
* ↑ Never offered violence)—Ver. 109. This is a very important passage, as it relieves the Audience from the apprehension they might otherwise feel in the Fifth Act, that Stratippocles has unconsciously been guilty of incest.
* ↑ If all aid in the matter)—Ver. 116. The same sentiment occurs in the Trinummus, l. 439.
* ↑ Into litigation)—Ver. 118. "Quam Foro." Literally, "than in the Forum." He plays on the resemblance of the words "furno," "over" or "furnace," and "Foro," the "Forum." He had rather see his friends dead outright, than worried by their creditors.
* ↑ To the baker)—Ver. 120. For the purposes of taking his place at the hand-mill for grinding corn, which was probably done in the same building where the bread was baked, and was a most laborious operation.
* ↑ An entertainment)—Ver. 124. As already mentioned, "symbola" was a club entertainment, or pic-nic (in the original sense of the word), where each provided his own share of the provisions.
* ↑ As the scape-goat)—Ver. 139. "Succidanea" was a term applied to a victim, substituted in place of another which had not given favourable omens.
* ↑ Captain of Eubœa)—Ver. 152. The Captain is elsewhere called a Rhodian. Probably it is meant that Rhodes was the place of his birth, and the island of Eubœa that of his residence.
* ↑ I'll now call)—Ver. 158-159. Echard's adaptation of these two lines is so quaint, that it is worth transcribing. "In the meantime must I have a committee of the whole house, to consider of ways and means for the raising supplies to carry on this vigorous war."