OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# A History of the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania

* related portals: General medicine, University of Pennsylvania, American History
* related authors: George B. Wood, Benjamin Rush, John Morgan (Physician)
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Wikidata item
Early history of the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia: Lindsay and Blakiston)
The beginnings of America's first medical school (excerpt):
In [Dr. Morgan's] address will be found an exposition of the nature and scope of medical science; a sketch of the departments of which it is composed, with the reasons for their special cultivation; an advocacy of classical, literary, and general scientific attainments on the part of the student of medicine, and, what is pertinent to the purpose, the demonstration that to be effectively taught “a coalition is required of able men, who would undertake to give complete and regular courses of lectures on the different branches of medicine.” In connection with his statements, the author insists especially upon the advantages presented by the city of Philadelphia, to which even then students resorted, attracted as well by the reputation of its practitioners, as by the facilities for clinical instruction afforded them in the hospital.
In this literary and scientific performance, a prognostication was uttered which has been fully realized, viz: “Perhaps this Medical Institution, the first of its kind in America, though small in its beginning, may receive a constant increase of strength and annually exert new vigor. It may collect a number of young persons of more than ordinary abilities, and so improve their knowledge as to spread its reputation to distant parts. By sending these abroad duly qualified, or by exciting an emulation amongst men of parts and literature, it may give birth to other useful institutions of a similar nature, or occasional rise, by its example, to numerous societies of different kinds calculated to spread the light of knowledge through the whole American continent wherever inhabited.”
A HISTORY
OF THE
MEDICAL DEPARTMENT
OF THE
UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA
FROM ITS
FOUNDATION IN 1765
WITH
SKETCHES OF THE LIVES OF DECEASED PROFESSORS.
BY
JOSEPH CARSON, M.D.,
PROFESSOR OF MATERIA MEDICA AND PHARMACY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA; MEMBER OF THE AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY, ETC.
PHILADELPHIA:
LINDSAY AND BLAKISTON
1869.
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER I.
PAGE
CHAPTER II.
CHAPTER III.
CHAPTER IV.
CHAPTER V.
CHAPTER VI.
CHAPTER VII.
CHAPTER VIII.
CHAPTER IX.
CHAPTER X.
CHAPTER XI.
CHAPTER XII.
CHAPTER XIII.
CHAPTER XIV.
CHAPTER XV.
CHAPTER XVI.
CHAPTER XVII.
This work was published before January 1, 1930, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Four Songs

This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* Four Songs (c. 1796) (transcription project)
* Four Songs (c. 1800)
* Four Songs (c. 1800) (transcription project)
* Four Songs (c. 1800) (transcription project)
* Four Songs (c. 1800) (transcription project)
* Four Songs (c. 1800) (transcription project)
* Four Songs (c. 1810) (transcription project)
* Four Songs (c. 1814) (transcription project)
* Four Songs (c. 1815) (transcription project)
* Four Songs (c. 1815) (transcription project)
* Four Songs (c. 1815–1820) (transcription project)
* Four Songs (c. 1815–1820) (transcription project)
* Four Songs (c. 1815–1820)
* Four Songs (c. 1815–1820) (transcription project)
* Four Songs (c. 1815–1820) (transcription project)
* Four Songs (c. 1815–1820) (transcription project)
* Four Songs (c. 1815–1820) (transcription project)
* Four Songs (c. 1815–1820) (transcription project)
* Four Songs (c. 1815–1820) (transcription project)
* Four Songs (c. 1815–1820) (transcription project)
* Four Songs (c. 1820–1837)
* Four Songs (1823) (transcription project)
* Four Songs (c. 1840s) (transcription project)

## See also

* 4 Songs (c. 1815–1825)
# Four Excellent Songs

This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* Four Excellent Songs (c. 1800) (transcription project)
* Four Excellent Songs (c. 1816–1831) (transcription project)
* Four Excellent Songs (c. 1820–1837)
* Four Excellent Songs (c. 1820–1837) (transcription project)
* Four Excellent Songs (c. 1835) (transcription project)
* Four Excellent Songs (c. 1840s) (transcription project)
* Four Excellent Songs (c. 1840s) (transcription project)
* Four Excellent Songs (c. 1840s) (transcription project)
* Four Excellent Songs (c. 1840s)
* Four Excellent Songs (c. 1840s) (transcription project)
# Four Favourite Songs

This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* Four Favourite Songs (c. 1820–1837)
* Four Favourite Songs (c. 1840s)
# Four Favourite Songs (2)

Four Favourite SONGS.
The Sailor's Journal. Culloden. Old Towler. Pea Strae.
NEWTON-STEWART Printed and Sold, Wholesale and Retail, by J. McNairn.
This work was published before January 1, 1930, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Four favourite songs (104185890)

FOUR FAVOURITE SONGS.
WILLIAM AND MARGARET.
GO, YARROW FLOWER.
ROBIN AND ANNA.
COULD A MAN BE SECURE.
GLASGOW:
PRINTED FOR THE BOOKSELLERS.
10.
Poems: (not listed in original)
* William and Margaret
* Go, Yarrow Flower
* Robin and Anna
* Could a Man Be Secure?
This work was published before January 1, 1930, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Five Excellent Songs

This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* Five Excellent Songs (c. 1815–1820) (transcription project)
* Five Excellent Songs (c. 1820s) (transcription project)
* Five Excellent Songs (c. 1820s) (transcription project)
* Five Excellent Songs (c. 1820s) (transcription project)
* Five Excellent Songs (c. 1820s) (transcription project)
* Five Excellent Songs (c. 1830s) (transcription project)
* Five Excellent Songs (c. 1840s)
* Five Excellent Songs (c. 1840s) (transcription project)
* Five Excellent Songs (c. 1850s) (transcription project)
# Five excellent songs (1)

FIVE
EXCELLENT SONGS.
THE CONSTANT SHEPHERD.
THE WREATH.
WELCOME SUMMER BACK AGAIN.
THE DAINTY BIT PLAN.
THE BACHELOR.
GLASGOW:
PRINTED FOR THE BOOKSELLERS.
25.
Poems: (not listed in original)
* The Constant Shepherd
* The Wreath
* Welcome Summer Back Again
* The Dainty Bit Plan
* The Bachelor
This work was published before January 1, 1930, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Five favourite songs (11)

FIVE
Favourite Songs.
THE GOLDEN GLOVE.
THE ANSWER.
GET UP AND BAR THE DOOR.
THE CHOUGH AND CROW.
NOW YE’RE FAR AWA’, LOVE.
GLASGOW:
PRINTED FOR THE BOOKSELLERS.
15.
Songs: (not listed in original)
* The Golden Glove
* The Answer
* Get Up and Bar the Door
* Now Ye're Far Away, Love
* The Chough and Crow
This work was published before January 1, 1930, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Five popular songs (1)

FIVE
POPULAR
SONGS.
Edinburgh—Printed for the Booksellers.
Poems: (not listed in original)
* The Laird's Courtship
* Why Weep Ye By The Tide, Lady?
* Fain Would I Be Young Johnnie's Bride
* Kilkenny
* I Wadna Lea My Lowland Lad
This work was published before January 1, 1930, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Five sonsg (sic)

Five Sonsg.
The Traquire Shepherd.
My Native Caledonia.
My Trusty Friend.
A Dandy described, or, a peep at High Life.
The bewildred Maid.
Edinburgh: Printed by J. Morren.
Poems: (not listed in original)
* The Traquire Shepherds
* My Native Caledonia
* My Trusty Friend
* A Dandy Described; or, a Peep at Fashionable Life
* The Bewildered Maid
This work was published before January 1, 1930, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Five songs (1)

Five Songs
Date is estimated
Five Songs.
Robinson Crusoe. The Lover's Departure, Katherine Ogie. Answer to the Happy Strangers. Bonny Jessie.
Printed for the Booksellers.
Poems: (not listed in original)
* Robinson Crusoe
* The lover's departure
* Katherine Ogie
* Answer to the happy strangers
* Bonny Jessie
This work was published in 1820 and is anonymous or pseudonymous due to unknown authorship. It is in the public domain in the United States as well as countries and areas where the copyright terms of anonymous or pseudonymous works are 204 years or less since publication.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Four Songs (Newton-Stewart)

No. 5.
Four
SONGS.
Annandale Robin.
The Blue Eyed Lassie,
The Birks of Aberfeldy.
For A' That And A' That.
NEWTON-STEWART.
Printed and Sold, Wholesale and Retail, by J. M'Nairn.
Contents (not listed in original)
* Annandale Robin
* The Blue Eyed Lassie
* The Birks of Aberfeldy
* For A' That And A' That
This work was published before January 1, 1930, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Four songs (1)

Four Songs.
Duke of Gordon’s three Daughters.
Crazy Jean.
The death of Crazy Jean
And Auld Lang Syne.
Edinburgh: Printed by J. Morren.
Songs
* The Duke of Gordon's Daughters
* Crazy Jean
* Death of Crazy Jean
* Auld Lang Syne
This work was published before January 1, 1930, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Four Songs (6)

Four Songs.
Roy's wife of Aldivalloch.
Crazy Jane.
The Miller of Dron.
Lass of Cartside.
KILMARNOCK:
Printed for the Booksellers.
Contents (not listed in original)
* Roy's Wife of Aldivalloch
* Crazy Jane
* The Miller of Dron
* Lass of Cartside
This work was published before January 1, 1930, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Four excellent songs (1)

Date is estimated
No. 13.
Four Excellent
SONGS.
Home, sweet Home. Up and warn a’ Willie. Royal Charlie. The piper o’ Dundee.
NEWTON-STEWART. Printed and Sold, Wholesale and Retail, by J. McNairn.
Poems: (not listed in original)
* Home, sweet Home
* Up and warn a' Willie
* Royal Charlie
* The piper o' Dundee
This work was published before January 1, 1930, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Four excellent songs (10)

FOUR
Excellent Songs.
THE LAIRD OF COCKPEN.
THE LASS OF ARRANTEENIE.
MIRREN GIBB'S PUBLIC HOUSE.
JACK'S THE LAD.
GLASGOW: PRINTED FOR THE BOOKSELLERS. 62
Poems: (not listed in original)
* The Laird of Cockpen
* The Lass of Arranteenie
* Mirren Gibb's Public House
* Jack's the Lad
This work was published before January 1, 1930, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Ancient India as described by Megasthenês and Arrian/Introduction (Arrian)

TRANSLATION
OF THE
FIRST PART OF THE INDIKA OF ARRIAN.
Chaps. I.-XVII. inlcusive.
FROM TEUBNER'S EDITION,
Leipzig, 1867.
INTRODUCTION.
Arrian, who variously distinguished himself as a philosopher, a statesman, a soldier, and an historian, was born in Nikomedia, in Bithynia, towards the end of the first century. He became a pupil of the philosopher Epiktêtos, whose lectures he published. Having been appointed prefect of Kappadokia under the emperor Hadrian, he acquired during his administration a practical knowledge of the tactics of war in repelling an attack made upon his province by the Alani and Massagetæ. His talents recommended him to the favour of the succeeding emperor, Antoninus Pius, by whom he was raised to the consulship (A.D. 146). In his later years he retired to his native town, where he applied his leisure to the composition of works on history, to which he was led by his admiration of Xenophon. He died at an advanced age, in the reign of the emperor Marcus Aurelius. The work by which he is best known is his account of the Asiatic expedition of Alexander the Great, which is remarkable alike for the accuracy of its narrative, and the Xenophontic ease and clearness, if not the perfect purity, of its style. His work on India (Ἰνδικὴ or τὰ Ἰνδικα) may be regarded as a continuation of his Anabasis, though it is not written, like the Anabasis, in the Attic dialect, but in the Ionic. The reason may have been that he ​wished his work to supersede the old and less accurate account of India written in Ionic by Ktêsias of Knidos.
The Indika consists of three parts:—the first gives a general description of India, based chiefly on the accounts of the country given by Megasthenês and Eratosthenês (chaps, i.—xvii.); the second gives an account of the voyage made by Nearchos the Kretan from the Indus to the Pasitigris, based entirely on the narrative of the voyage written by Nearchos himself (chaps. xviii.—xlii.); the third contains a collection of proofs to show that the southern parts of the world are uninhabitable on account of the great heat (chap. xlii. to the end).
# Ancient India as described by Megasthenês and Arrian/Cap. V.

​V. Now if anyone wishes to state a reason to account for the number and magnitude of the Indian rivers let him state it. As for myself I have written on this point, as on others, from hearsay; for Megasthenês has given the names even of other rivers which beyond both the Ganges and the Indus pour their waters into the Eastern Ocean and the outer basin of the Southern Ocean, so that he asserts that there are eight-and-fifty Indian rivers which are all of them navigable. But even Megasthenês, so far as appears, did not travel over much of India, though no doubt he saw more of it than those who came with Alexander the son of Philip, for, as he tells us, he resided at the court of Sandrakottos, the greatest king in India, and also at the court of Pôros, who was still greater than he. This same Megasthenês then informs us that the Indians neither invade other men, nor do other men invade the ​Indians: for Sesostris the Egyptian, after having overrun the greater part of Asia, and advanced with his army as far as Europe, returned home; and Idanthyrsos the Skythian issuing from Skythia, subdued many nations of Asia, and carried his victorious arms even to the borders of Egypt; and Semiramis, again, the Assyrian queen, took in hand an expeditionagainst India, but died before she could execute her design and thus Alexander was the only conqueror who actually invaded the country. And regarding Dionysos many traditions are current to the effect that he also made an expedition into India, and subjugated the Indians before the days of Alexander. But of Heraklês tradition does not say much. Of the expedition, however, which Bakkhos led, the city of Nysa is no mean monument, while Mount Mêros is yet another, and the ivy which grows thereon, and the practice observed by the Indians themselves of marching to battle with drums and cymbals, and of wearing a spotted dress such as was worn by the Bacchanals of Dionysos. On the other hand, there are but few memorials of Heraklês, and it may be doubted whether even these are genuine: for the assertion that Heraklês was not able to take the rock Aornos, which Alexander seized by force of arms, seems to me all a Makedonian vaunt, quite of a piece with their calling Parapamisos—Kaukasos, though it had no connexion at all with Kauka​sos. In the same spirit, when they noticed a cave in the dominions of the Parapamisadai, they asserted that it was the cave of Prometheus the Titan, in which he had been suspended for stealing the fire. So also when they came among the Sibai, an Indian tribe, and noticed that they wore skins, they declared that the Sibai were descended from those who belonged to the expedition of Heraklês and had been left behind: for, besides being dressed in skins, the Sibai carry a cudgel, and brand on the backs of their oxen the representation of a club, wherein the Makedonians recognized a memorial of the club of Heraklês. But if any one believes all this, then this must be another Heraklês,—not the Theban, but either the Tyrian or the Egyptian, or even some great king who belonged to the upper country which lies not far from India.
# Ancient India as described by Megasthenês and Arrian/Cap. VI.

​VI. Let this be said by way of a digression to discredit the accounts which some writers have given of the Indians beyond the Hyphasis, for those writers who were in Alexander's expedition are not altogether unworthy of our faith when they describe India as far as the Hyphasis. Beyond that limit we have no real knowledge of the country: since this is the sort of account which Megasthenês gives us of an Indian river:—Its name is the Silas; it flows from a fountain, ​called after the river, through the dominions of the Silæans, who again are called after the river and the fountain; the water of the river manifests this singular property—that there is nothing which it can buoy up, nor anything which can swim or float in it, but everything sinks down to the bottom, so that there is nothing in the world so thin and unsubstantial as this water. But to proceed. Rain falls in India during the summer, especially on the mountains Parapamisos and Emodos and the range of Imaos, and the rivers which issue from these are large and muddy. Rain during the same season falls also on the plains of India, so that much of the country is submerged: and indeed the army of Alexander was obliged at the time of midsummer to retreat in haste from the Akesinês, because its waters overflowed the adjacent plains. So we may by analogy infer from these facts that as the Nile is subject to similar inundations, it is probable that rain falls during the summer on the mountains of Ethiopia, and that the Nile swollen with these rains overflows its banks and inundates Egypt. We find, at any rate, that this river, like those we have mentioned, flows at the same season of the year with a muddy current, which could not be the case if it flowed from melting snows, nor yet if its waters were driven back from its ​mouth by the force of the Etesian winds which blow throughout the hot season, and that it should flow from melting snow is all the more unlikely as snow cannot fall upon the Ethiopian mountains, on account of the burning heat; but that rain should fall on them, as on the Indian mountains, is not beyond probability, since India in other respects besides is not unlike Ethiopia. Thus the Indian rivers, like the Nile in Ethiopia and Egypt, breed crocodiles, while some of them have fish and monstrous creatures such as are found in the Nile, with the exception only of the hippopotamus, though Onesikritos asserts that they breed this animal also. With regard to the inhabitants, there is no great difference in type of figure between the Indians and the Ethiopians, though the Indians, no doubt, who live in the south-west bear a somewhat closer resemblance to the Ethiopians, being of black complexion and black-haired, though they are not so snub-nosed nor have the hair so curly; while the Indians who live further to the north are in person liker the Egyptians.
* ↑ See note, p. 65.
* ↑ Cf. Herodotus, II. 20-27.
# Ancient India as described by Megasthenês and Arrian/Cap. VII.

​VII. The Indian tribes, Megasthenês tells us, number in all 118. [And I so far agree with him as to allow that they must be indeed numerous, but when he gives such a precise estimate I am at a loss to conjecture how he ​arrived at it, for the greater part of India he did not visit, nor is mutual intercourse maintained between all the tribes.] He tells us further that the Indians were in old times nomadic, like those Skythians who did not till the soil, but roamed about in their wagons, as the seasons varied, from one part of Skythia to another, neither dwelling in towns nor worshipping in temples; and that the Indians likewise had neither towns nor temples of the gods, but were so barbarous that they wore the skins of such wild animals as they could kill, and subsisted on the bark of trees; that these trees were called in Indian speech tala, and that there grew on them, as there grows at the tops of the palm-trees, a fruit resembling balls of wool; that they subsisted also on such wild animals as they could catch, eating the flesh raw,—before, at least, the coming of Dionysos into India. Dionysos, however, when he came and had conquered the people, founded cities and gave laws to these cities, and introduced the use of wine among the Indians, as he had done among the Greeks, and taught them to sow the land, himself supplying seeds for the purpose,—either because Triptolemos, when he was sent by Dêmêter to sow all the earth, did not reach these parts, or this must have been some Dionysos who came to India before Triptolemos, and gave the people the seeds of ​cultivated plants. It is also said that Dionysos first yoked oxen to the plough, and made many of the Indians husbandmen instead of nomads, and furnished them with the implements of agriculture; and that the Indians worship the other gods, and Dionysos himself in particular, with cymbals and drums, because he so taught them; and that he also taught them the Satyric dance, or, as the Greeks call it, the Kordax; and that he instructed the Indians to let their hair grow long in honour of the god, and to wear the turban; and that he taught them to anoint themselves with unguents, so that even up to the time of Alexander the Indians were marshalled for battle to the sound of cymbals and drums.
# The Ugly-Girl Papers/Chapter 22
### CHAPTER XXII.

* Physical Education of Girls.
* A Woman's Value in the World.
* High-bred Figures.
* Antique Races.
* Inspiration of Art not Vanity.
* The Trying Age.
* Dress, Food, and Bathing for Young Girls.
* A Veto on Close Study.
* Braces and Backboards.
* Never Talk of Girls' Feelings.
* Exercise for the Arms.
* Singing Scales with Corsets off.
* Development of the Bust.
* Open-work Corsets the Best.
* The Bayaderes of India and their Forms.
* The Delicacy due Young Girls.
* A Frank but Needed Caution.
* Care of the Figure after Nursing.
American girls begin to make much of physical culture. As they advance in refinement they see how much of their value in society depends on the nerve and spirit which accompanies thorough development. It is not enough that they know how to dance languidly, and carry themselves in company. To distinguish herself, a young belle must row, swim, skate, ride, and even shoot, to say nothing of ​Page:Ugly-girl papers.djvu/237 ​Page:Ugly-girl papers.djvu/238 ​Page:Ugly-girl papers.djvu/239 ​Page:Ugly-girl papers.djvu/240 ​Page:Ugly-girl papers.djvu/241 ​Page:Ugly-girl papers.djvu/242 ​Page:Ugly-girl papers.djvu/243 ​Page:Ugly-girl papers.djvu/244 ​Page:Ugly-girl papers.djvu/245 ​Page:Ugly-girl papers.djvu/246 ​Page:Ugly-girl papers.djvu/247 ​Page:Ugly-girl papers.djvu/248 ​Page:Ugly-girl papers.djvu/249